HARVARD UNIVERSITY. LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOÖLOGY. AL : enke ee NOS vald ra GA f ij d fi A ik Ù ij LA ina ij | HE if AAA Ds bij O1 OCR VERHANDELINGEN VAN HET 5, NENDE Ee Den Nl k ) | Ero @ 6 VS PNC CANS Pad C CASMENOO NME hf es (eK ENA . 3 je = rt 07 7 fi el D\- 5 4 De p, ie hed MN 0 pe s . 4 EE ‘ Goe Î UN ì 6 AC : Ls A AR EE Es Aha ge Û hd . } i KUNSTEN EN WETENSCHAPPEN. VE EE DEEL XXIX. FAO MENO 5) TE | Brod Roes Ä VO BATAVIA, ESAENEOR hi CD 1862. Ee) eneen Dd VERHANDELINderb NN VAN HET BATAVIAASCH GENOOTSCHAP KUNSTEN EN WETENSCHAPPEN, VER Re DADEN EN VAN HET BATAVIAASCH GENOOTSCHAP VAN KUNSTEN EN WETENSCHAPPEN, BATAVIA, BRANENKENER EGO) dw “1862,  lon Clt ONE AS Be JAVA JONATHAN RIGG. Member of the Batavian Society of Arts and Scieaces. > 4 ej : dj 1 Béunang guguru t1 gunung Béunang nanya ti Guriang. L have been taught it among the mountain, Ï have enquired after it from the mountain spirit. EN VAANS IND A5 NE) Se X @-3 zie PEPER BATA VIA LANGE & CO. 1862. Balaka Aer Ca B. kt will be necessary to say a few words regarding the orthography followed in the following dictionary, and the sources from which information has been derived in making the compilation of the work. That system has been adhered to, as nearly as possible, which has been followed by Marsden in his Malayan Dictionary and grammar, which is explained in the prefaces to those works, and which was originally laid down by Sir William Jones for oriental languages. The chief features of which for facility of reference are now here repeated. The Vowels have therefore the power which is generally ascribed to them on the Continent of Europe. A is generally sounded full, as in the French, Italian, Dutch and other languages ef the Continent of Europe, and as in the English words Aard, ballast, hammer; but in many words the pronunciation is not broader than in harm, farm, barn, man. Examples in the Dutch are balie, hamer, ballast — and band, hand, rand and man. In a few cases where the a has an unexpected stress, it has been distinguished by a, as in Tabëng, to draw a distinction with Täbèng, which though only slightly differing in sound has a different meaning. A is not, under any circumstances to be pronounced as in the English words Paper, nation, fate, where it usurps the province of the second vowel in every other language that employs the Roman alphabet. E has been invariably accented é or &, which was necessary to avoid confusion. é is pronounced as in the French été, epé; the English bet, lend, send, and the first e in better, letter, seven —or in the first e of the Dutch words ketel, ketter, beter, and in ketting. As é in the final e in the English better, harder, and in herd, and in the Dutch berde, derde, zerk. J as in the Italian long #, or as the English ee in been, seen, tree, green and e in he, she, be, or as in the English pill, still, will. The long English sound of # in wine fine, high, is not that of a simple vowel, but of the dipthong aé. Our sound of iis heard in the Dutch words bidden, bril, brigade, pil, pilaar, rilling. O as in English no, so, port, moment, and Dutch boter, bos, bot, pot. U is to be sounded as in rule, ruin, obtrude, or with less risk of uncertainty, as the Vi PREFACE, long u, of the Italians and Germans, the oe of the Dutch, the ou of the French, and the Euglish oo in the words moon, stoop, soon. Above all it must not be confounded with the dipthongal sound of the English u in the words mute, acute, puny. î Dipthongs are ai, au, ëu, où or oy and ay. Ai is sounded as the English long 4 in pike, Une, mine: or in the French aile, baille, caillou. It is the same as in the Dutch interjection at, and as heard in the first part of abjert, bajonet. Au is pronounced like English ow, in how, cow‚ as jauh, bau, baur, And as Dutch auw in kauw, lauwer. Eu is of very frequent occurrence, but is not heard in Malay. It is also not an ünglisk sound, but approaches nearest to pewter, lewd, dew, deuteronomy, duke. It is a common Dutch sound as heard in peuteren, peul, beuren, beurs, beurt, and in French in tailleur, leur, fleur. Oi is not of frequent occurrence and is pronounced as in the English Aotst, moist, choice, and French goïtre, royal. The at and oi often assume the shape of ay and oy in the Composition of words when followed by another syllable or letter barai, to pay ba- raya, relations. pot, a day poyok, to jeerat. It will be frequently found that two Similar vowels come together, separated by a hyphen —to show that they must each have a distinct sound. This cansesan hiatus which is of very frequent occurrence in the Sunda, as ba-al, slu-Cur, ho-ok, ju-uh, dé-ét, Úi-1s. Consonants. B is pronounced as in English and Dutch bend, bib, babble, Tub or bebloed, bek, bang. C occurs only in eh which is pronounced as in English church, chance, chest, torch, detached. The Dutch language does not contain this sound, and it is consequently repre- sented by them by #/, which does not convey the Sound even according to the Dutch use of the letters, as j with them has the power of, the English y; It rather cenveys the force of the French letters so applied. It is represented by the German sch. D is pronounced as in English did, added, and in Dutch, dak, dood. F occurs only rarely in words from the Arabie, when it has generally been conver- ted into p, as f is a sound which the Malays, Javanese and Sundaese are unable to pro- nounce Thus fikir to think, becomes pikir, and fasal becomes pasal. G is always hard as in game, gay, get, give, go, gun; and never soft as in gestüre, giant, wage, for which j is uniformly employed. Care must be taken to always sound this letter according to the examples here given, as it is by no means the gutteral Dutch gin geld, geven, goot, nor the French g in geutil, genou, enre. His the aspirate, and may be pronounced as in the English words have, hold, high, and Dutch hard, haring, haver. J is a character whose power in the English Alphabetis of great utility in expressing all oriental sounds, and is to be pronounced as in jury, justice, jew, also as dg in Judge, pledge, lodying, and as g in gem, gentry, sage, PREFACHE. VI Having in the northern languages of Europa the Sound of the English y, the Dutch write the words wherein it oecurs with dj, which for the reasons above assigned under c for 4, rather express a French than an original Dutch Sound, Thus where l have written janji, the Duteh would write djandjt, to give the Sound; or would pronounce janjt as yanyi, which is often made redieulons by the Malay example of jagah bai-bat jangan jatuh, which a Netherlander, fresh from Hurope and unacquainted with the Malay language invariably pronounces yaga bai-bai yangan yatuh. So also the Dutch call the Island which we inhabit yava, which the natives call jawa, to express which according to his own indeas of the power of letters, a Hollander would have to write djawa. K has a uniform sound as in king, book, kiek, kettle, and in Dutch as koning, kok, ketel, koken, and as will be observed, 1034 out of the 9308 words in the Dictionary, begin with this hard consonant so pronounced. The English e with this power of k has not been made use of. L is sounded as in land, loll, lily in English, and as lang, lui, lekker in Dutch. M as in man, mam, mummy in English, und meel, meer, mom im Dutch. N as in noun, no, linen, nose in English, and as na, naar, nanacht, neef in Dutch. The combination of letters ng is to be sounded as in sing, ringing, longing in English, and zang, bang, tang, boring, hangen in Dutch. A great many words in Sunda begin with this ng, the pronunciation of which to a beginner is rather difficult and perhaps can only be overcome by a little practice from hearing the natives pronounce it. Thus in ngangah to gape, the apostrophe after the second „g’ shows that the word must be pro- prounced ngang-ah, and not zgan-gah. The ng being in reality one letter sound, for which no European language perhaps possesses an appropriate letter. ‘Phe apostrophe’ has been inserted wherever doubt was likely to arise as to pronunciation. P as in past, pope, pippin im English, and as pak, pat, pap, pot in Dutch. Q is not used in this dictionary, but the power of the English Q is represented by kw or kua. R sounds as in run, riwer, burrow, in English, or rot, rond, boor in Dutch. S as in sun, past, suspect in English, and sober, som, simpel in Dutch. Sh does not occur in Sunda; the Arabie or Persian words where it ought to occur being softened by the elision of the h thus shah, king becomes sah. Tas in tame, tent, tatter, in English, und teen, toe, tor, tot in Dutch, and never sibilant as in patience, nation. The English sound t% does not occur in the language. V does not occur in any Sunda word. W is a very common sound, the same as in English wall, west, reward, or in the Dutch wakker, wand, wild. A does not oecur; its sound would be represented by ks, as kraksan, a place in the Residency Basuki should never be written kraaan. Y is to be sounded as in yam, get, yore in English, and not as the Dutch y which has the power of aj. The Dutch represent this letter by j and jong, jood are by them pronounced as gong, good, VE PREFACHE. Z does not occur, and when occurring in Arabic words is replaced by s, as the holy well at Mecca, zamzam is called samsam. The great simplicity of the construction of words and sentences forms the chief dif- ficulty in the language. The nouns are not declined —the verbs are not conjugated, but are modified in meaning by prefixes and suffixes. The most usual prefixes are ka, mi, pa, pang, pi, ba, bi, sa, st, ta, tt, and suffixes an, en, kèn. Thus hadé is good, hadéan, is to make good, to mend; pihad{antun, is something which must be made good or mended. s®uri, to laugh, langhing; pisturian and pistu- rianeun something to laugh about, a laughable subject. dua, two, midua, to divide, to part in two. kolot, old, pangkolotan, the most old, the oldest. gëbug, to strike, pan- gëbug, a bludgeon, a stick to strike with. &ël®dog, the report of a gun or fire works. Beböldogan, squibs or crackers. ténjo, to look from a far, iëtenjoan, a distant view. Kayu, wood, kakayon, timber in general, varieties of trees. Verbs are formed from subs- tantives and adjectives by prefising nga, as hidi, a fish spear, ngahidi, to kill fish with such a spear. AèÌurap, a fishing net, ngahturap to take fish with a net. gantang, a rice measure, ngagantang, to receive rice by measure. When the word so used in com- position is an adjective, it has generally suffixed an, as hadé, good, gahadéan, to make good. lémbong cleared away, ngalémbongan, to clear up or put in order a bit of ground or a garden. To form a plural the Sundas like the Malays duplicate the substantives and say imah- {mah , houses. jalan-jalan, roads, tuax-tuan, gentlemen, mandor-mandor, heads of villa- ges, gunung-gunung , mountains. Verbs and adjectives are made plural by a peculiar process of lengthening the word in its middle, for which purpose the letter r, and sometimes 4, is generally associated with a cognate vowel of the word with which it comes in contract, and which A or Z and its cognate vowel is generally duplicated, unless the consonant R or L already occurs in the crude and singular from of the word. Thus kudd hadé a good horse; kuda hararadé, good horses. hadéan, to make good anything, hararadéan, to make good severel objects. Kayu panjang, a long bit of wood, kayu pararanjang, long logs of wood. Batu panus, a hot stone, batw pararanas, hot stones. Jélèma paih, a dead man, jéltma pararaih, the people are all dead. Bwwah buruk, a rotten fruit, buwah bururuk, the fruit is all rotten. tong bochor, a leaking tub, tong bololochor, the tubs are all leaking. Boro, to go to wards (if one person who goes), bororo, to go to wards ina crowd, several persons going towards. Tarik kayu iyo, drag this piece of wood, tararik kayu na, drag those logs of wood. When the word begins with a vowel, that vowel with r after it, is prefixed to the word which has to be made plural, as chai na éksél, the rivulet is very scanty, chai za di gunung itu Crêhsél amat, the rivulets from those hills have very little water in them. gunung-gunung ururugan, the mountains have shot down from wrug. The initial consonants L and R in adjectives are also frequently duplicated to from a plaral, This duplicated consonant is then followed by the vowel a, and not by the vowel PREFACH. IX which followed it in the erude form of the word, as luhur high gives luluhur, when speaking of several. Gunung Luur a high mountain, gunung laluhur, high mountains. Rowas, startled gives rarowas; Bikès, rarikës; rugi, rarugi. Thus as if only the con- sonant letter was duplicated, which has always the vowel a inherent in it. This duplica- tion of the fivst syllable is of very frequent oecurenee, and does not always denote a plural, but indicates a modification of the original word soas to express a shade of idea. In du- plicating the first syllable the inherent d is short, aud is often heard as #, and will be so found in the dictionnary, thus badak is a rhinoceros, bèbadak, a fannel shaped bambu basket loaded with stones in making dams in rivers, as if it resembled a baddak ov Rhi- noceros. tabluh to beat a musical instrument, a drum. Z'atabtnuhan, frequently heard as tUtabtuhan, musical instruments which are struck, as gongs, drums, and the like. The short ? suffixed to the initial consonant appears often to be made use of, to the exclusion of the vowel suffâxed to the initial consonant itself of the crude word, thus we have ehecho-élan, derived of cho-éls tèto-élan from to-él; chtcho-oan, from cho-o, and not eho-cho-elan, toto-élan, chocho-oan. When the vowel attached to the initial consonant is «u: that vowel also occurs in the duplieated word, as guru, a teacher, gugurw, to get instruction from a teacher. Gunter, a flood, gugunter, to wash away with a stream of water. Turub, a cover, to cover, /u- turub, any temporary Shelter. The original word of the Sanscrit from which such initial duplicated words are taken, does not always exist in Sunda, or even in, the cognate Polynesian languages, but is nevertheless a Sanserit word. Thus we have s?sawt, the mustard plant, from sawi, C. 120, strength, force, with out the latter word sawi being known in Sunda. So also sd- s?mon, longing for, but ashamed to ask, abashed, from samu, c. 710, leave, permission. Bébéndu and böbindon, disgrace, loss of favour, dishouour, from bandhu, C. 459 what is bound bandhura, D. 459 injurions, mischievous. The simple words sawt, samu, and bandhu not being found in the Sunda language, though evidently the etymons from which sësawi, sëstmon and sèbödon have been derived. This is remarkable and would seem to indicate a greater know ledge originally of the Sanscrit, than we should at first sight be justified in believing. Another modification of meaning to an original word is indicated by the syllable um inserted in the middle of the word, in the same way as in the plurals, by inserting Ra, as above described. Thus we have from turun, tumurun, to come down by degrees. Tua, old, and agung, chief become tumagung or tumunggung, one of the titles of Ja- vanese nobility. Zwumorék, a deuse young jungle, which a man can hardly make his way through from torék, deaf. Many more examples will be found in going through the dic- tionary. Vide wm in voce. À comparative and superlative degree are formed by the words anan for the com- parative, and pang for the superlative see both words in voce. Manan appears to be de- rived from Mana, where, and may be rendered by where of as Jyo hadé manan itu, this is better than that —as (these two) where of this is good. The word lèuwih is also used Xx PREFACHE. for the same purpose, denoting more, in eccess. Léuwih hadé, more good. Lèwwih pan- jang, more long. Pang is always prefixed to the word to which it imparts a superlative degree, which word then must be followed by the particle and postfix, an or na, as hade, good, panghadé na or panghadéan, the best. When extra force is wished to be applied to this superlative degree, the word sakali, altogether — is added — as panghadéna sakali, the most positive best. | The past tense is indicated by the word anggëus, mostly abbreviated to glus, as glus anyglus, it is done, it is completed. Gèus datang, he has come, and corresponds with the malay suda. The future tense is denoted by M&ngké, answering to the Malay nanti. Mèngké datang, Iwill come. M&ngké hadé, it will become good. The initial consonants of many words often vary rather arbitiarily for the sake appa- rently of what appears to be euphony to native ears, thus Béré becomes Méré oro 5 Moro Nahèëun z Tahéun Nanya na af rr n Notog ie Totog Nyorén Sorén Nyorang „ Sorang Nyëurëud „ Sèuréud Nyukang „ Chukang Nyëkél si Chèkél Meéuting „ Péuting Méuwëung „ Bèuwëéung. when a word cannot be found in the dictionary with one form of initial, an attempt must be made to quess at its cognate affinily, and sought elsewhere, as to have always given the words with their varving shapes would only have unjustifiably tended toswell the size of the dictionary. An extensive class of words exists in the Sunda, which 1 have distinguished by the name of idiomatie expressions. They are monosyllables generally of three letters, as if they were a remnant of a very rude and aboriginal state of the language. They are often worked up into composite words, with the usual Sunda pre-and postfixes ka and an, or some other analogons particles. The use of them in the crude form gives strengh to the expression with which they are associated, and indicates a precise line of conduct or ac- tion. Such idiomatic expressions will be found scattered through the whole work, such are bèt, bus, dël, dës, k&k, kop, rém, rèp, sp, sèr, top, tut. They have a peculiar force and cannot be translated by any corresponding word in a European language, but their tendency has always been indicated. They may even be left out of the sense of the passage where they occur, without exactly injaring the meaning, but a native makes very extensive use of them, as they give force and precision to what he says. As kop bai di hakan, putting it into his month, he eat it. Kop indicates the deliberate act of PREFACH. XI putting into the mouth preparatory to eating, and implies that the man was eating it with- out knowing that there was any harm in it, or suspecting the stuff of being bad or poi- sonons and yet simply the act of eating is sufficiently implied by di hakan, he eat it. So also of top, which implies taking hold of seizing top bai di bawa, laying hold of it, he carried it away. We might say that he could not carry it away with out taking it in some way, and that di bawa he carried it away, was sufficient; and so it is, even with a native, but when they prefix top, though we can give no precise translation, the idea is conveyed that there was no harm done in taking it, that no one opposed the act. The full force of these idiomatic expressions can only be learnt and appreciated on lear- ning the language and hearing them used by the natives. I have throughout the whole dictionary endeavoured to give the etymologies of the proper names of places, of the Archipelago, of the Residencies and of chieftowns in Java, of rivers and mountains, in short of the chief features of the country, whether in the Sunda districts or elsewhere, which may perhaps throw some light on these matters, and is at least an interesting topic of speculation. For examples of these attempts 1 would refer to the words bali, bantam, boro budur, jawa, sunda, sumatra, prambanan, prawu, priang'ën, progo, japara, and many others. An extensive and interesting class of words associated with Ayang, Divinity, will be found on reference to this word, Under the beads of awi, ehaw, hoih, huwi, paré, oraö will be found an extensive classification of the different varieties of Bambus, Plantains, Rattans, Yams, Paddy and Snakes, which are known to our Mountaineers, and which may occasionally prove interesting or instruc- tive. The varieties of Paddy were determined many years ago by collecting samples of them, and getting together a commission of natives to assign the names and point out their differences, which are often only trifling. Weights and measures have heen attended to, and when possible a comparison given between Dutch, English and Javanese articles of this kind. Hor which purpose reference can be made to the words bauh, pal, koyan, pikul, pond, kati, kaki, ello, tumbak:, gantang, sangga. The comparative details of which have been taken from Doursther’s weights and measures, a work in the French language. It may be also well to give here in a concise form the numerals used in Sunda, the particulars of which can be referred to, under each word in the Dictionary, where an attempt has been made to trace many of the words to their original meaning and indicate the process by which they have been arranged. 1 Sijt, Sahiji, Sa. D Dua, Duwa. 3 Tiu, Talu, Tolu. 4 Opat. 5 Lima. 6 Gënap. 7 Tujuh. 8 Dalapan. A XII PREFACE. 9 Salapan. 10 Sapuluh. 11 Sablas or Sawëlas. 12 Dauablas or Duwawéëlas. 20 Dua puluh. DL Dua puluh siji; Salikur. 29 Dua peluh dua; dua likur. 95 Dua puluh lima; lima likur; Salawé. 80 Tilu puluh. 40 Opat puluh. 50 Lima puluh; Sékat. 60 _ Gënap puluh; Sawidak. 70 Tujuh puluh. 75 Tujuh puluh lima; Lèbak satus. 80 Dalapan puluh. 90 Salapan puluh. 100 Sa ratus; Satus. 175 Lèbak Satak; Sa ratus tujuh puluh lima. 200 Satak; dua ratus. 375 Liëbak samas; Tiga ratus tujuh puluh lima. 400 Samas; ampat ratus. 500 Liimang kupang; lima ratus. 800 Domas; delapan ratus. 1000 Séwu; Sa rébu. 10.000 Sa laksa; Sapuluh rébu. 100.000 Sa këti; sa ratus rébu; sa puluh laksa. 1.000.000 Sa yuta; sa ratus laksa; sapuluh këti. Sa Rébu, Dalapan ratus, lima puluh lima = 1855. The Sunda people, at present, have no written character of them own. Throughout Bantam and Buitenzorg they use the Arabic Character when writing, which strange to say is hardly ever in their own native vernacular, but when they do write any memoranda it is in malay; In the Preang’er Regencies the Javanese characters are in frequent use. The Batu Fulis near Buitenzorg which has lately been deciphered by Mr. R. Friederich is probably a remnant of a native Sunda character. This insription, however, contains hardly any recognizable Sunda words, but is a rude attempt to jumble up as many Sans- erit words as possible, which remark also applies to the inscription of Kwali in Cheribon. In compiling this Sunda Dictionary I have not hesitated to avail of all the informa- tion which was within my reach in cognate languages. Both Marsden's and Crawfurd’s Malyan dictionaries have been carefully gone over, and every word appropriated which could claim a home in the Sunda. Il have to regret my want of understanging the San- scrit character given by Marsden, to many words im his dictionary, and as he has not PREFACE. XLI given a Romanized version of these words, they are to me, as to most other people, very learned but also very unmeaning sigus. The Javanese dictionary of P. P. Roorda van Kijsinga 1885, has also frequently been consulted, but more nicety of discrimination was often here incumbent, as from the closer affinity of the two languages of Java, it was necessary to be careful not to admit words which had no right to a place, or perhaps only varied slightly from what are used in Sunda. One work alone I have carefully eschewed, viz; the Sunda Dictionary of A. de Wil- de, published by Roorda 1841. A casual glance down its pages soon convinced me that it would rather lead me astray than afford information, and so 1 was forced to lay it aside, although anxions to avaiìl of all the light which L could find. It may even yet contain some words which 1 have not given, but to sift them out would be a labour of considerable extent, and probably a loss of time in the end. Phe work of-Mr. de Wilde did not see the light, till many years after he had left Java, and was thus of course without the natives at his elbow to put him to rights when in any doubt, and without other authorities for reference or help. Even in Java living in the interior, surrounded by natives who speak the language as their mother tongue, it often requires, with many words, some judgment to select the right meaning, and words are current in different districts which are not known again in others, or which have a somewhat modified meaning, and are sneered at when used diffe- rently from what is usual with any particular set of people. The Sunda people possess no literature to which reference can be made, and it is consequently a purely oral language spoken by a little better than two millions of people, at the west end of Java, to and with the greater part of C hribon. The influx of words from that great classical language of the East — the Sanscrit — has also been considerable into the Sunda, where they have been retained with great ac- curacy during a long period of years, probably not less than 1000 or 1200 vears. The same early intercourse with the natives of India, as that which took place with Sumatra and Java proper, or the Hastern parts of our island, no doubt extended also to the Sunda districts, but of this neither written history nor tradition preserves any remembrance, and with few trifling exceptions the Sunda districts retain no traces of temples or stone images indicating the presence of artists from Continental India, but with which the Bast end of the island so plentifully abounds. The Budhists were driven out of Continental India in the Seventh Century of the Christian Era, when a great trade was carried on with the Indian Isles, for those valuable products which found a ready market im the West — and from the conflicting ascendency of one sect or the other on the Indian Continent, we may fairly conclude that the worsted party had to fly and seek a safe refuge in foreign parts, and no country would offer them a more inviting refuge than the Indian isles. The Budhists were eventually the worsted party and settling in great numbers in Java built boro bodur, and many other old monuments and temples of which we still find the ruins, introducing at the same time the Sanscrit literature and holy books which descending XIV PREFACE, through their children of mixed Hindu and Javanese race gradually imparted to the col- loquial tongues that large accession of ideas which they still retain, in the same way as the Arabic derivatives have, at a later period, been introduced with the Mahomedan reli- gion, and by some Arabs intermarrying with the natives, without either Hindus or Arabs having fitted out navies and armies to invade and conquer the country, as done by Eu- ropeans in our days. ‘he language which those Indians, whence soever they came, grafted upon the na- tive stock, was not their own colloquial speech, but the language of their religion and of their saered books, They probably came from the Gangetic provinces, as neither the Tellugu, Tamil nor Singhalese colloquial languages have made hardly any impression, and if the Sanscrit literature and words were communicated Ly these latter people, it was through the language of their literature and religion, which throughout India, especially before the Mahomedan invasions, beginning under Mahmud of Gizni in A. D. 1000, was the almost universal Sanscrit. In the following dictionary Ï have endeavoured to trace out such words as have had a Sanserit origin, which 1 have been enabled to do, with the aid of the Singhalese and English Dictionary of the Reverend B. Clough, Colombo 1850, who, in his preface, de- clares nine-tenths of the Singhalese to be derived from either Sanskrit or Pali, Not that Ì have any pretentions to a proficiency in the Singhalese language, but 1 trust that it will be found that such words as will be constantly occurring throughout the following pages, will tend to throw some light upon this part of the language, and will elucidate many words whose Sanscerit origin might not, at first glance, suggest itself. These words from Clough are always marked by the letter C. with a number after them, which is the num- ber of the page where they occur in the Dictionary, the Singhalese words of which are in the Singhalese character. In this part of my study I have been assisted bv the Articles supplied by Mr. R. Friederich to the Transactions of the Batarian Society, with reference to Bali, which his knowledge of the Sanserit has enabled him to do so often with happy succes. I am also further indebted to this gentleman personally for communications on the same matters, which I trust I have, for the greater part acknowledged in their proper places. I have endeavoured to give the Botanical names to as many of the trees and plants as possible, which oceur in the work for the most part taken from Blume'’s Flora Javae, or selected from various books or writings of which several notices in the Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië, by Dr. G. Wassink have been fruitful sources. De- ficiencies have often been supplied by occasional rambies in the Government Palace gar- dens at Buitenzorg, where the plants are all carefully labelled bv Mess”, Teysmann and Binnendijk, the gentlemen who have charge of tlus scientific ornament to the residence of the Governor General of Netherland’s India. The scientific names for the Zoologv of Java have had their origin in Horsfield’s Zovlogy of Java and in various writings and Museums, With a view to gleaning something of the Ancient lore and language of the Country PREBACE. xV [, many years ago, used to have a village bard, called a twkang pantun or storyteller to recite his tales. This man was called At Gémbang and a dozen or 15 years ago, had a great run of popular native favour, being in great request all over the Western parts of the Province of Buitenzorg. The subject of such sagas is the olden time, when Paja- jaran flourished and over which the native of the present day sits the live-long night, lis- tening to the deeds of those who have long slept with the past. Such legends are not worth anything as matters of history, but are rich in native wit and humour, and found to eontain a vast deal of words, which are little heard in every day conversation. The mantle of Ki Gémbang has now a days descended on his son. The last of my authorities, to whom I am perhaps the most indebted, is the present Demang of Jasinga, Raden Nata Wiréja, with whom I have gone over the whole dictio- pary, that is all words of which [ was not sufliciently certain, and who during several months of 1854, at intervals, devoted a couple of hours per day, to assisting me with the elucidation of difficult or doubtful words. No pains have been spared to render the work as correct and useful as possible; and with this predication the author throws himself upon the good will of his readers. The following resumé of the number of words under each letter of the Alphabet may be in- teresting in various ways Under letter A are 438 words — awi counting as 1. Be 2 C „ 407 „— chaw counting as 1. DER 2 ON E Gees GAO AN es H „ 292 „— hbuwi and hoih counting each 1. A WE Kaa Jeon ZS RO BOR eld ade NERD Oes INDER OE OE 69 _ „ — orai counting as 1. P „ 987 „— padi counting as 1. Rt nr Oes LO 4 EEP VE) Mad ene nel 217 et, AV on OE DON Lopes 9.308 XVI PRERACE. The printing of this dictionary has been long delayed and very nearly seven years have elapsed since the manuscript was handed to the Society. The dificulty of printing such a work in English, a language foreign to the place, ís fully ackmowledged by the author and must bear the blame of oeccasional inaccuracies. The abode of the author, nearly 50 miles from Batavia, rendered it impossible for him to revise the press. The earlier part is often kindly illustrated by notes by Mr. R. H. Th. Friederich, whom sickness has latterly driven to Europe. The proper pronunciation of the words may sometimes appear doubtfull from the necessary printing letters being absent especially where ëu occurs. The ’ above the first letter e of which must be considered. as circumflexing both letters. JASINGA, 5 dugustus 1862. À De Cok ON ARX OF THE SMEENE Dende NG DAG E OBRIE AL À. Abah-abah, goods, chattels, effects; gear, tackle - see Parabah. Abang, Javanese-Red-rarely heard-occurs in the word Tanabang near Batavia - Tanah- abang-red land. Abdallah, the son of Abd-ul-muttalib, and father of the prophet Mohammad, he was the husband of Amina. Not long after their marriage Abdallah set out ona trading jour- ney to Gaza inthe south of Syria, and on his return, died at Medina before Mohammad was born. Abd-ul-Muttalib, the grandfather of Mohammad, who took care of him when left as an orphan at the early age of seven years: but he also died soon after in A.D. 578 aged 82 years. Col: Rev: June 184 Page 874. Abd-ul-Mutalib was noted for the munifi- cence with which he entertained all pilerims, who came to the temple in Mecca of which he was guardian. Abdi, ar: a slave or bondman to the government; the term was in vogue under the Sul- tans of Bantam. Throughout the Country of Bantan there were scattered Lwmbur abdi and orang abdi, abdi villages and abdi people, who were treated as serfs or sla- ves, and their joung women sent tothe Marems in Bantan, by a sort of „Droit de seigneur.” Abdul, ar: the slave of — from the arabie word abd slave. Many Mohammedan names begin with these words, as Abdul-Rachman the slave of the compassionate (God)- Abdul Rahim, the slave of the merciful (God). JL Dj A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Abdullah, ar: a common name for a man, means „the slave of God”. All Chinese who become converts to Mohammedanism get the name of Abdullah. Abér-ab&ran, to stroll, to wander, often to avoid pursuit. Abig-abig, the upper gable end of a house, being a triangle of which the sloping roof forms two sides, and a line drawn from eaves to eaves, the base. The triangular piece of thatch or matted bambu which fits into this place. Abong, Forsooth, oh dear- abong sia bogah duit, forsooth now that you have got some money. Abong-abong, said when a man presumes on his position or circumstances. Abong-a- bong ka nu leutik, presuming upon a mans position to oppress people of humble degree. Abrit-abritan, to skip or skit about, to bound nimbly along. Abu, ar: Father-often oceurs in the composition of proper names, as the Javanese (of the western part of the island) mostly bear arabic names from being Mohammedans. Abu Bakar, ar: properly Abu Békër-the father of the Virgin. The first Caliph so called and sucecessor to Mohammad. He was father in law to Mohammad. His daughter Aisha was a virgin when Mohammad espoused her; he had been married before to Kadijah who was a widow. Aburan, running wild, neglected, let at large, not taken care of. Jélema aburan, a reck- less fellow- a man who has no permanent home aud is skulking from the police au- thorities. Abus, to run in, to enter- abus na kadinyo, it ran in there. Abuskën, to cause to enter, to put or force into any place. Abu Talib, one of the sons of Abdul Muttalib on whom devolved the charge of his ne- phew Mohammad on te death of Abdul Muttalib. He took care of the orphan Moham- mad during his youth, and reached the age of upwards of 80 years. Abdallah, the father of Mohammad, and Abu Talib were brothers by the same mother. Achah, au interjection of derision: there you get it! that's it! Aechalok, a hop, a short jump; to hop, to perch as a bird on a branch. Achan, even, at all. Zo di béré-béré achan, hedid not even give me any. Achar, Persian- Pickles Achar twung, pickles made of the sprouts of young bambus. Aché, the town of Achin at the north end of Sumatra: The name is familiar to the Sunda people from their Hajis or Pilgrims to Mecca often finding their way there (1). Aché, a fine kind of Rambutan or Sundun, probably originally brought from Achin in Sumatra. (1) It is written in Malay vez Achas, but pronounced as above, the last consonant being (mostly) omitted in Sumatran pronounciation. Cf. for instance Mr. W. A. Henny in » Tijdschrift voor Ned. Indië” Vol. IV. p. 405. Aanmerkingen. Fr. AND ENGLISH. 5) Achëélok, to spring, to go by leaps, to hop as a bird or frog-see Achalok. Achéng,a name of endearment given to children- as much as „My darling.” Acheùük, elder or eldest sister- a refined expression. Achi, among Peranakan Chinese is elder sister, eldest sister- see Puachd. Achi, the juice, the gravy, the essential liquid of meat. Achi, the fecula of a palm tree or tuberous root, prepared for eating in any way. Achi kawung, Sago prepared from the Kawung palm tree, Acht konéng, fecula pre- pared from the tuber of the Kî kouéng, or the wild turmeric. Aecho, to talk vauntingly, to brag, to hold ridieulons talk, see ngacho. Acho bat sia mo- hal aya nu ngandel, what stuff you talk, it is not likely that any one will believe you (2). Achung, a variety of Arum, of very offensive smell. Adah, an interjeetion of surprise or dismay, oh! is that the way! is that what you are after! as we might say „the devil take it! Adah! wat lëutik téuyn, oh the devil take it, it is too small. Adah! sia daik ngabobodo kang aing, is that what you are after, you want to make a fool of me. Adam, ar: Adam, the first man, called also Nabi Adam which means the prophet A- dam - but most of the remarkable Characters in the old Testament bear the distingui- shing epithet of Nabi. | Adas, carawaij, carum- name of a warm tasted seed. Adas, generally called after the Malay, Adas manis, aniseed, anethum graveolens. Adat, ar: Custom, long established usage, mode, way of acting, for the reason that. Adat nagara, the usage of the Country. Adat goréng, bad habits. Adaé kula tilok ngala, because 1 never take any. Adëég, and ngadeg, to set up, to assume asituation or authority - Rank, position. Adégkëén, to be set up in office, or authority by another. Adénda, younger brother or sister, used only among people of rank- compounded of Adi which see, and Endah, good proper (8). Adi or adhi, much used in the composition of proper names of Chiefs, where it always indicates a high rank and perfection. Adhi, C. 24 over, above, upon, implying su- periority in place, quality or quantity. (4). (2) Bat is Javanese enmun bahê, it might be pronounced as above, but is, L suppose, written in Sundanese as in Javanese Fr. (8) Rather from Adi-an- da; daor hida being a pronoun of the second and third person, used in addressing high people, at present perhaps only existing in common use at Bali- Cf tjokor- da = tjohor- lida or tjokor- hi- deva (tjokor means foot); baginda = bhagja- an=- hida, and others. Fr. (£) Adi first, prior; first, pre- eminent. Wilson. Both wordsare found in the western Polynesian languages Fr, 4 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Adi, a younger brother or sister; a term of respect or affection in addressing a younger person. Adi Bëutëung, a brother or sister of our wife, which is younger than her. Adi Dahéuan, a brother or sister of our wife, who is older than her. Adi Kusuma, a frequent name among the Javanese nobility; from Adi- vide voce- and Kusuma Clough 184 a flower in general-but on Java it is used as an epithet for any thing excellent- Adi Kusuma is therefore „the flower ot perfection.” (Or „the first „flower Er.) Adil, ar: just, equitable, fair. Adi ning Rat or adhi ning Rat,(9)a name subjoined to the two native Capitals on Java, and means „Chief of the Land” Adi, vide voce, Ning is a Javanese and Sunda word expressive of of. Rat is a contraction of Rata, C. 581. Country, district, an inhabited Country; thus we have Surakarta adi ning Rat, and Jugyakarta adi ning Rat. Adhi ning Rat is a title often given to Javanese chiefs of high rank. Adi pati, (6) one of the highest ranks of office, derived from Adi vide voce and Pati C. 883 Lord or master, thus Chief Lord- the native governor of a subdivision of the Country, under the European Resident- the highest rank to which the native Regents are usually raised, Adon, to visit a neighbour or friend- mostly with a view to get something out of him- this frequently happens at crop or fruit time, in order to get a share-to go and receive food or daily necessaries froma friend, AÁdon jagong, to go to get maize; adon nyatu, to go to get fed. Adu, to fight, to squabble, see Agadu- This word is also no doubt of Sanscrit origin. The nearest to be found in Clough are at Page 636 Wada, discourse, discussion , con- troversy, disputation. Wadi, a disputant, a controversialist- Wadu, hatred, anger, malice, wrath. Adu biru, an expression of contempt used towards any one- montong di bawuran adu biru sia, you need not putin any of your jaw to meddle with conversation or matters that do not regard you. For Adu vide voce. Birwma C 478 barking- the verbal noun of Buranawa to bark as a dog- adu biru is thus literally, controversy and barking (7). (5) The last only by mistake. Rát can be a corruption of ráshtra kingdom, but it is rather the nominative case of ráj, king, the meaning being altered. Fr. (6) Here it must be Adhipati, in contraposition to pati, master, herus, which is on Java a title of lower rank, born by the second, quasi the adjutant of the Regent of a division; Adhipati being not the first pati, but the upper, superior master; on Java also a title. Fr. (7) If the derivation of Adu be right, which I rather doubt (Wadu being not found in Wilson), biru might be Skr. bhôru, timid, fearful, and adu biru would be to fight as a coward; notwithstan- ding I mistrust the derivation of both words, and suppose them rather to be Polynesian. The same observation is applicable to all the derivations from such words out of Clough, as are no Sans crit. Fr. AND ENGILSH. 5 Adug, to stamp and kick about, as a horse in the stable, or any animal confined in a fold or cage- to be obstreperous. Aduh, an interjection of grief or pain- oh! mercy on us! It hurts! Aduh! ulah bangat tëuyn- It hurts, do’nt use so much force. Aduh! aing to bisa nulungan, alas! [ cannot help you. Aduk, tomix, to mingle, to entangle, to cause confusion, to jumble together. Aduk apu to mix lime- Kusut amat wrut di aduk, how confused itis by being jumbled together. Adu këbo, literally „the fighting of buffaloes’- that part of the thatch which covers the ridge pole of a house. lt is formed by tying two ataps toeach other, so that their re- spective ends hang away from each other, and having thus the Jejalon of each in contact with the other. Adukën, to set to fight, to put in competition; to set up or connect the different parts of carpentry or machinery. Agama, religion- as Agama Seram, the Christian religion, agama Slam the Mohammedan religion agama Auda, the Bhuddist religion, which the natives know as their religion before the introduction of Mohammedanism, but which is about all that they know of it. Agama C 61 from â 60 a particle answering to our until, unto, as far as, with, and gama to come, to go, an approaching, a coming; a grammatical argument; also a science, a work on any one of the sacreds sciences; the word is universally (in the Archipelago) used, in colloquial intercourse to express religion. Agar-agar, a species of sea-weed; Zostera or Plocaria candida. It is boiled down into a jelly and so eaten, especially by invalids, Agari C, 7 from a privative, and gara poison- a kind of grass. (This is also the derivation in Wilson, but it means only a kind of grass, vulgo Deotar. Fr.) Agéhan, to leave for another, not to consume or use up any thing entirely. Agéhan kula lauk na saheutik leave me a little of the flesh or fish, Agëm, noble, lordly,‘ consistent with dignity or greatness, dignified, praise-worthy. Agëm naker tumpak kréta kuda opat it is very dignified to ride in a carriage with four horses. Piagem, a rent roll or schedule given to the chief of a village on the govern- ment lands, Agèër, a word expressive of vomiting. mantas nyatu teüleüúi ager-ageran bai, as soon as he had done eating, he began to vomit. Agul- Proud, vain, elated with success. Agung and agëng, Principal, chief, superior, great, noble. Juru agurg, the chief di- rector- Kagungan, Hiehness. Agus, a rank of birth when the father has been a Mas, and the mother of ignoble ori- gin; also much used asa term of courtesy mm addressing any man. Ah, an interjection of disapprobation, or dislike. Ah/ wlah sok kitu ah! do not be doing So. 6 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Ahad, ar: Sunday, the seventh day ofthe week. It is always named first in enumerating the days of the week. Ahém, Hem! the sound caused by a sudden expulsion of breath. Akhing, appertaining to greatness, splendid, magnificent, excelling others. Abhirat. ar. a future state, the next world. Ahli, ar: see Ali, instructed in, conversant with matters connected with the Mohammedan religion, Eminent, sublime. (From ahl, people; by name the people of the Islam, or from dlijjon high Fr.). Ahwal or awal, ar: first, former, beginning. The word is used to distinguish some months- Rabiul awal- Rabiul akir, the former and latter Rabi, the third and fourth mohammedan months- awal na kiyo in the beginning it was thus Aing, the pronoun I, used by a superior to an inferior. This word may be the first part of the word aya, a rifined expression for father, with a common Polynesion torminal ng attached to it- or it mey be the Singhalese ayiya C. 45 Elder brother, with the Polynesian ng subsituted for the final ya in the original word. Deference to age being so much observed by the natives, that a slight modification of Fatheror Elder brother has become current for the personal pronoun used to designate a superior individual- see Zula. Ais, to carry on the back, mostly wrapped up in the Samping. Aisha, ar: the second wife of Mohammad and daughter of Abu Bakar. Aisha was only se- ven years old when betrothed to Mohammad, and was not regularly married to him, till two years later. She was always Mohammads favorite wife, and was the only one who came as a virgin to his arms, and hence her father was called Abu Békér the father of the virgin. All Mohammads other wives had been married before. Ajag, a species of wild dog common in the jungle. It is of a brown foxy colour, and has a bushy tail. A small variety is called wsung-asung. The ajag is the Canis rutt- lans. lt worries sheep and young buffaloe caives. Ajaib, ar: wonders, miracles. Ajak, to invite, to urge, to press, to persuade, to take a part or share in any action to stimulate, to excite- Kula hanto di ajak Ywas not invited. Di ajal ka nu goréng, he urged me to do wrong- ajakan reujeung to invite him to go along with you. Ajam, intending, purporting, having a wish or design todo something- djam ka Bogor, I propose or intend to go to Buitenzorg. Ajang, For, to be used for, for the purpose of. Ajang indung for mij mother; Ajang imah, to be used for a house; ajam pi-teuas, to make it hard. Ajangan, to pay respect or deference to. To di ajangan sakali, they paid him no respect Ajangan, 1s also used for tho pronoun yow when applied to great people, and might be translated your deference. Parentah ajangan kudu leumpang, your deferences orders wete that we should set out. This word is derived from the Kawi word geng mea- ning foot, and implies the humbleness of the person using the word, as he dare not AND ENGLISH. 7 address himself to any part of his superior higher than his feet- Jangha, C. 203 tho calf of the leg. (It might be conferred with or be the same as aing; see above Fr.). Ajangan, said of a great man, as much as His Honour - Ajangan twan, your honour, (certainly the same word as the two preceding ones. Fr.) Ajar, to instruct, to teach, to train, to learn- Ajara, a teacher in compound singhalese words, as Loajara, a name of Buddha or Brahma, from Lo the world, Ajara, teacher C. 610. (8). Ajar,a recluse of former times, when the people were Buddhists, a hermit, an ascetic, It is probably also derived from Ajara C. 610 a teacher, It may however, be a contraction of Acharya C. 61 a teacher a preceptor, dropping the final and constructive ya, and softening down the rest of the word so as to suit Polynesian organs. Thus we find the father of Sawéla hala called Balia achar Raffles vol 2 P. 84 which is most pro- bably an abbreviation of Balia-acharya (9). Ajar domas Eight hundred hermits who are said to have formerly lived abont the Pa- losari hill in Bantam. Ajaran, admonition, reproof; to attempt, to try, to venture ones luck- ajaran lamun daik hadé, try if it will succeed or become good. Ajaran meubs 1 ventured my luck and bought some Ajëngan, the same as ajangan. Ajërutan, jumping along, skipping off- running like a hare or rabit. Ajit, to study, lo learn, asat school, the formularies of religion; to read religious books, to recite prayers. The word Aj? is most probably a corruption of the Sanscrit word Adhi-i or Adhi to read. Aji, Price, Value, see Pangaji. (The same meaning has the word in Balinese Fr.). Aji, is a title preserved in old Javanese history in the name of 4yi Saka, who is suppo- sed to have come to Java from the continent of India with ecolonists about A. D. 75 or 78 and to have introduced both the Hindu eraand religion. Raffles vol 2 P. 66/68 The word Aj, asa title, is heard in Ajit Jaya Baya, Aji Nirmala, and Aji Usi was a celebrated giant of Sourabaja. Raffles 2 vol P. 75. In endeavouring to trace the origin of this name, there is found in Clough’s Dictio- nary Page 14 Ajiwaka, a kind of Hindu religious mendicant who goes about naked (8) L should divide Loa or loha loka, (CÉ. Patuha,a mountain in the Priangan regencies, which Ï am inelined to derive from Skr. Pátuka, the declivity of a mountain. ‘The same alteration of K. into h. is a rule in the Battak language)- and djará (being old age, djarat old) thus the old of the world (or of the age) Fr. (9) The softening of the cha to ja is not necessary for the Polynesian organ, andis a thing rather unheard of. The only softening of a tenuis to a media that takes place in Malay and Javanese is that of ka to ga. Cf. Segala, telaga with the Skr. Sakala and talaka Fr. 8 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE as a proof that he has destroyed his passions. The word is derived from A privative, and Jiwa life, which means thus death, non- existence, a person not troubled with a mundane soul. Saka C. 691 a sovereign, any prince who gives name to an era. Ajiwaka Saka may thus have been contracted into Aji Saka, for both the wa and ka are constructive particles. Probably our Aji Saka was a religions enthusiast who ca- me to Java with his admirers to escape persecution at home (10). Ajir, a stake or prod, particularly for lining out work. Ajok, to mimic, to ridicule. Ajol, to come running up to, to approach at a trot. Ajol-ajolan, frisky and playful as a spirited horse which will not be quiet. Ajug, a native candle-stick; a stand, mostly made of tin, in which to place an oil lamp a tin lamp stand, fitted at the top to receive a glass with oil to serve as a lamp. Ajul, to poke and knock off, as fruit from a tree, with a long stick. Ajur, sloppy, moist and dissolving, in a state approaching to mud. Akal, ar: device, cunning, contrivance, judgment. Goréng akal na, his tricks are bad. Akal jélema loba, the devices of man are many. Kudu ku akal, it must be done with contrivance. Akalan, to circumvent by device, to work at with contrivance. Kudu di akalan ku wang, money must be used to bring the matter about. Bewunang ngakalan ku linggis, it has been cunningly managed with a erowbar. Akar, root, the root of a tree or plant. Akar wangi. Malay. fragrant root, name of the root of the Andropogon muricatus of a brown colour and emitting a fragrant smell, used to make hand-screens or fans. Akas, a variety of ant which bites very hard and draws blood. Akasa, the sky- the atmosphere, occurs in Jampés, but not in the common colloquial language, sometimes heard as Angkasa. Akasa ©. 60, Ether, the sky, the atmos- phere. Akbar-ar: Great, used only in the expression Allah hu akbar, God is great. (allahu Fr.) Akeúl, the process of kneading warm and fresh, boiled rice in a Dulang which the nati- tives consider improves the flavour. Akeùüp, to take up and carry in the arms. Akhérat-ar: the future life, the next world. (cf. ahirat B. 6.). Akhir and akir ar: last, latter, final, termination Akhir jaman the latter dag, here- after. Rabiul akir, the latter Rabi, the fourth Mohammedan month. Aki, Grandfather, a term of respect for any old man. (10) Saka is considered by the Javanese as founder of their civilisation, of their old religion and especially as having introduced writing and reading. So the term Aji, which they put to his name. I suppose to be nothing else than the word Aji (Page 7.) which the writer and I derive from adhi-t, to read, where from by a small and common alteration becomes aji Fr. AND ENGLISH. 9 Aksara, a letter of the alphabet, a character, the alphabet. Afshara C. 5. a letter of the alphabet. Daun aksara, a pretty and curions leaf which grows as a lowly plant on stones amongst the moist and elevated mountains. So called Alphabet leaf from being covered with black marks having the rude resemblance of letters. Aku, to confess, to acknowledge, to claim as property, to own to. Akut-akut, the ichneumon fly; the kind ofi fy which builds small mud nests, in which } it lays its eggs, and buries along with them spiders, caterpillars &c. for the food of the future larvae. Akutan, to bear away in loads, returning again and again till done. Ala, to take, to appropriate, to get possession of; to gather fruit. alla C, 50, seized, laid hold of. Ala, as Ala manan, much more so than, much more preferably, dla is probably the root of the Malay or Javanese kalah, tolose, not to win, worsted, and thus worse than (this or that). | Alaikum, ar: with you, as Salam alaikum, Peace be with you. Alak-ilik, to peep and spy about, to look around pryingly. Alam, ar: the world, mostly heard prefixed to Dunya. dlam dunya the universe. Paku Alam, the title of the Independent Prince of Jugyukarta, literally „the spike nail of the world.” Alam, ar: in the time of. Alam Inggris in the time of the English. (The same as the S- pe lr) np Alamat, ar: Sign, token, signal, presage, Alamat paih a presage of death. XY preceding, Alang-alangan, to wander away, to skulk about, to wander at random. Alap-alap, a small bnt fierce variety of hawk. Falco Bengalensis. Alas, lands or forests belonging to any district, as alas Bantan belonging to the territory of Bantan. Also a continuons ridge of land uncut by any stream of water, and in this sense is always used in conjunction with the word tal, rope or line as tal alas, the unbroken ridge connecting two hills, or leading from the lowlands to the mountains. Alas in the sense of forest is not Sundaese but Javanese. But in Sunda it is used in composition as seen from the following examples, Alasan, aswalas, kopi alas. Alasan, to collect in the forest such articles as grow there spontaneously, such as Ra- tans and wild fruit. The word alas means in Javanese forest, but the Sundas do not use it so. Alasan, rain, and wind together, particularly in the jungle. Bisi manggih alasan, lest we meet with rain. Alaya, occurs in the composition of some proper names and means house, abode. alaya C. 65, House. Suralaya the abode of the Gods. see voce. â) 10 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE. Aléan, to pick and select seed, said particularly of paddy. Alëéëm, to praise, to encourage by commendation. Alëman, giving oneself airs. unneedfully proud. Âlëpa, careless, off one's guard, heedless, negligent. Marsden Page 13 gives Alpa as Hindu- negligent. It is also Kawi. (11). Aleùúüm, elouded and dull, threatening for rain. Covered with mist. Aleùút, with intermission, one by one,said of people walking, like all natives do, in a row, one by one after each other. Alhamdulillah, ar: God he praised, God be thanked. Ali, ar: Eminent, sublime, noble. Ta-ali, (Perhaps Js taâla Fr.). exalted, most high. Ali, as Al tall (OE tahlil) the exordium to the prayers in the mosque. Ali, was the son in law of Mohamad and fourth Caliph. He is generally called Bagind’ ali, His Highness Ali. He was married to Fatima the daughter of Mohamad. He died AD. 660 Alia, ar: most High. (A corrupt pronounciation of sj) the 5) Ye made mobile Fr.). Alim, ar: wise, learned, instructed, Also much used as a genteel negative, as Alim teuyn, L really do not know. Alip, the letter A, also of the Arabic alphabet. Allah, ar: God, the true God, Tuhan Allah, the Lord God. The word Tuhan is most likely the usual word Zwan, Mr., Sir, and itis believed the people of the Archipelago in general insert the aspirate to draw a line of demarcation, when they apply the word to God. Allahu-akbar, ar: God is great, a favourite expression when in consternation. Allahu-alëm, (âlim)ar: God knows best, God only knows. An expression implying that something has gone wrong, or that some irretrievable accident has oceurred. Allah-taäla, ar: God the most High. God Almighty. Alo, a nephew, a niece; when the father or mother, being our brother or sister is older than ourselves. See Suan, Alu, C. 789 light, lustre, from aloka C. 65. light-seeing. Thus the light of the family. Alok, he says, he would have us believe, he pretends; this word is always followed by manéh self. dlok manéh to bogah béja he pretends hedid not get news of it. Alon, quietly, slowly, gently. Aluän, the course of a vessel at sea; direction in which to steer. (11) In its formation the word might be compared with gelema in the place of jalma which is the same as janma ìn Skr, and Kawi, meaning birth, but in Sundanese that which is born, especially mankind. Fr, AND ENGLISH. 11 Alu-alu, four chëchéndét of Haram flax. Alun, to swim, and at the same time to support some other person or body, as a sin- king boat, a loaded raft or the like. The swell of the sea, a wave. Alun-alun, on open plain or parade ground in front of the dwellings of native official chiefs, or governors of districts, as the Regents, where processions and public ceremo- nies take place. Two waringin trees are always planted in the centre. Alur, the beaten path in the forests of wild cattle and Rhinoceroses- a furrow. Alus, fine in texture or quality, genteel, respectable, clever, cunning. Ama, father, a refined expression used only when speaking of men of rank. Amal, ar: pious good works, by which the grace of God is obtained. Amar, ar: Thing, affair, business, order, mandate, injunction. Amar allah, the mandate oo of God. A mat, very, exeessively, Bener amat, very true, Beurat amat, very heavy. Ambalu, Gum-lac. The ambalu of the Sunda mountains does not give the true gum-lac of commerce, which is produced by the Coccus lacca. The Sunda ambalu is neverthe- less produced by a small Coccus insect found fastened upon the trees in the same way as books describe the true ambalu of commerce. In Java this ambalu is most frequently found upon the Ficus Procera or Kiara, which in common with all cther figs, yields much milky sap, but does not seem to produce the lac which is valuable in commerce. Crawfurd's Dictionary says the word in Javanese is Tambalu, which would give Jamba C. 222 copper, Baluk or Baluka C. 469, a drug, a perfume, sand, gravel. Thus copper drug, or copper sand. The colours would suggest the cop- per colour, and the Hindus might have imagined the substance either a drug or for- med of sand. Or Tamba-copper, and Luta or Luna, C. 609, a spider, local inflam- mation produced by the urine or spittle of aspider, from a sort of spider forming the lac. Tamba-luta == Tambalu. (12). Ambar, ar: amber; ambergris. Ambar, a small foetus brought forth at full age of nine months, but unnaturally small; this child always dies, and some of them are dried and preserved as talismans or charms for good luck. (12) Tambalu, does not oeeur in the Javanese dictionary of Gericke, edited by IT. Roorda. Am- sterdam 1847; neither exists it in Wilson. 1st edition. Jamba is no Sanserit; the words given for copper bij the Amara Kosta are: Támraka, (in Wilson is also to be found túmra), gulwa, mlecha- mukha, dvyashta, warishta udumbara. From tamraka is the Javanese-Malay tembaga a corruption, occasioned by the difficult pronounciation of mr. Tamba might be a Ceylonese corruption of tâmra; but it is rather an established fact, that Ceylonese or Pali words have got no iutrance into the Malay and Javanese, but only true Sanscrit ones. The rest of the above derivation will perhaps not be tasted by etymologists, and I restrain from judging about it. Fr. 12 À DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Ambar-ambar, a lot of little instruments to be used about the person, as tweezers, toothpick &ec, hung together on a small ring and carried about tied to the corner of a handkerchief. Ambëk, passion, will, disposition for exertion. Gedé ambek a man of exertion; often a man who wants more than he is entitled to. Ambëkan, to draw the breath, to breathe. Ambèën, a belt, the girth of a saddle. Ambén, the stage or platform before the door of a native house. Ambéngan, to have in readiness Ambëuh, to scent, to smell, te be aware of an odour. Amblëng, abandoned, not cared for, deserted. Ambon, the island of Amboyna. Ambrëg, a united continuous report, as of guns fired off all at once. Ambu, mother (of a human being) Amba C 43, a mother. Ambikawi C. 809 a mother, a wife. Ambuwa C. 44, a wife. (Ambâ, Ambikâ and Ambâlikâ, mother, are Skr. Ei) A mi, a designation occurring in ancient Javanese history, as a prefix tothe names of men of rank. Raffles vol 2 Page 80 and 88, Ami Luhur, Ami Jaya, derived from Swami C. 783 or Hami, a master, a lord. They were the sons of Déwa Kasuma who had them sent to India to be educated, where they probably obtained the title of Swami, this was early in the 10 Century after Christ. (This is possible; Svâmî, Skr. lord. Fr.). Amil, ar: a village priest, a petty priest. Amin, ar: amen! so be it. Amina, the mother of the prophet Mohammad. In the seventh year of Mohammads life, she took him from Mecca to visit his relations at Medina. They were on their way back to Mecca, when Amina sickened and died at Abwa, half way between the two places, and here she was buried. Amir ar: a leader, a commander, an emir. Amir- al Muminin or Amvúr al Mumin, the commander of the faithful, a title of the Caliphs. Amis, Sweet to the taste, luscious. Diamis an expression used in dying yarn of a red colour when it is put ont into the Sun before applying the Changkudu. Amis, the inner or juicy bark of trees, as distinct from the onter and dry part. Amit, to be unwilling, a polite way of excusing oneself, a polite way of asking permis- sion, You must excuse me. Méméh di chokot kudu ngamit heula ka nu bogah, before you take it, you must ask permission from him who owns it. Amit bohong Y am un- willing to tell a lie, you must excuse my telling a lie. Amit nibahken binih occurs in a paddy planting Jampé, and means, I entreat permission to scatter out the seed. (Ba- lin. pamit id.) Ampar, to spread out, to strew with. A layer, a stratum. Ampar samak, to spread ont a mat (to sit or squat down on). Jalan nadi ampar karêés, the road was strewed or covered with gravel. Paré sa ampar, a layer of Paddy as lying in store. AND ENGLISH. 15 Ampëg, to abound in, full or enough of- to hearts content. Ampél in Javanese is a variety of Bambu. Ampél is a place in the town of Sourabaya connected with the introduction of Mohammedanism by a certain Sunan Ampél who is buried there. Ampëlém, a variety of the mango fruit. The first syllable of this word seems to be of Sanscrit origin. Amba C. 49. a mango. Pelem in Sundaisof good savour, fine taste, but to give it this interpretation, we should have to associate a pure Sanscrit with a pure Polynesian word, which is against the common run of associations. In Crawfurd’s dissertation to his Malay grammar at page 99 he has ventured to state that Mampa- lam a mango „is the Sanscrit Mahá-pala, the great fruit through the Talinga” (13). Ampihan, to put by, to keep, to take care of, to have in one’s keeping. Amplas, the ficus politaria. A tree the rough leaves of which are much used to polish wood or horn. Ampo, said of animals, particularly buffaloes and deer, wich lick the places where salt has been deposited, or are in the habit of licking the ground or rocks which contain some saline matter. Batu Ampo, is ampo stone which is found in many parts of Java and eaten by the natives. lt is either a rock in a high state of decomposition, from having undergone a sort of caries in situ, or, in other cases, may be an aggrega- tion of minute animal exuviae. Ampok, a plate of Silver, or of any other metal, worn by naked children to cover their nudities. Amprok, in conjunction with, joined to. Amprokkën, to shove upelose to, to put together. Ampun, forgiveness, pardon. Ménta ampun to ask pardon. Amuk, to fight furiously, to attack indiscriminately, to smash and destroy. Said of any animal unmanageable from rage. This is the word which has given origin to the expres- sion of „running amuck,” as it is also Malay. Jmah na di amuk, he pulled the house to pieces. Jelema sakitu lobana di amuk ku sorangan nana, such a large num- ber of people, he ran a muck amongst singlehanded. St amuk one of the three heir- loom guns on Java the amuck-maker. See Guntur Gèni and Nyai Stomi. An, is a particle of much and extensive use; its place is asa suffix to the word to which it relates, and is very extensively used with Paasa prefix. Pa-gawé-an work, from gawé to work. Pa-mabok-an, a drunkard, from mabok, drunk. It often gives to substantives and adjectives a verbal form, as anak, a child, anakan to have a child, to bring forth. Hadé, good, Hadéan, to make good, to mend; Batur a companion, Baturan, to keep company with, to accompany; Imah, a house, Imahan, to put up a house on any (13) According to Wilson and the Amara Kosha are Amra and Amrátaka or Amráta, resp. the mango and a variety of it, the Spondias mangifera. Amba might be Pali Fr. 14 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE spot. Jëro deep, Jëro-an, to deepen, to dig deep. This dictionary has not been overburdened by inserting all derivative words formed with an which are in common use, but when an is found subjoined to a word, the meaning will easily be traced by referring to the crude or simple part of the word, as Madé good will be found, and the composition Madé-an will easily suggest itself, to make good, to repair. Anak, a child; the offspring of any animal, the young, a seedling plant, an offset, a sa- pling; the interest on money, see Bibit. Anak is extensively used to designate not alone the young of any animal, but also a subordinate part of some larger implement or body, of which the following are examples. Anak chau, young plantain sprouts used for transplanting. Anak chëlaka, a person habitually unlucky, a luckless wight. Anak Jawa, a Javanese. Anak kambing, a lamb, a kid. Anak këébo, Buffaloe calf. Anak kotok, a chicken. Anak kuda, a foal. Anak kunchi, a key Anak létah, the uvula, at the back of the tongue. Anak lochéng, the clap of a bell. Anak Malayu, a malay. Anak mas, a slave born in the masters house. Such slave children are often illegitimate, but an anak mas is not necessarily illegitemate, as the mother may be legally mar- ried either toa slave or a freeman, but the mother beinga slave the child is also born in bondage. Mas in this instance is probably mas QC. 525 flesh, a child of the flesh, and thus born unto the state of the mother. Anak panah, an arrow. Anak paré, the sterns of Paddy which tiller out form a parent stock. Anak prahu, a sailor. Anak roda, the spoke of a wheel. Anak sapi, a calf, the young of the cow kind. Anak téré,a step child. Anak uching, a kitten. Anak wolanda, a Dutchman, a person of European parentage. Amnakan, to bear a child, to bring forth young. Anak-anakan, a puppet, a doll, an image. Ananta, C. 26 from an not, and anta end; Endless, eternal, infinite; also an epithet or name of the king of the Nagalokaya the region of serpents or dragons. See Anta Boga. (Skr. Nägaloka). AND ENGILSH. 15 Anawadak, a Pelican, called in Malay Undan-Pelicanus onoerotolos. Anchak, a kind of temporary platter, generally about 8 inches square, made of split bambu wattled together, with a bit of plantain leaf upon it. Such anchaks are es- pecially used when making offerings at Kramats or ancient Balais, or to the tigers in the forest, where they are always left, and not used a second time. Anchak, Fieus Rumphii, a variety of fig tree, found about Batavia where it is also cal- led Kayu Bodi; it resembles the Bo-gaha of Ceylon, which is the sacred tree of Bud- dha, of which eireumstance Kayu Bodi may be meant to convey the idea, and may then have been imported into Java with the Buddhist religion, of which it forms so prominent a, feature in Ceylon. Bo C. 480 a tree, the ficus religiosa. Dh C. 302 understanding, intellect, knowledge, thus the tree of knowledge, or knowledge derived from this particular tree. Vide voce Bodi. (14). Anchëléh, sneaking off, trying to avoid work or trouble, working with indifference. Anchik, to put up, to hang out, said of a person’sabode. Sok anchik di mah batur, he mostly hangs out with the neighbours. Anchol, a promontory, a headland, a projection into the Sea. Andaya ning Rat, a celebrated chief of Majapahit and successful leader of the forces of his country. He is also known by the title of Ratu Pèngging. The king of Majapahit gave him his daughter in marriage, and afterwards admitted him to a share in the government. Raffles vol 2 P. 121/3. Andaya C. 83, share, portion, part, Ning, of the— Rat, country. (Dája Skr. portion an prefix. Fr.). Andé, supposing that, a figure in argument. Andé, a close companion, a confidential friend; much used in eonjunetion with Sobat, as Sobat andé, a determined friend. Andëg, to slay in one's course, to stop suddenly while running. And&ël, to believe, to place confidence in, to trust, to confide. Andër, an upright post which supports the ridge-pole of a house. Andika, thou, you, asapplied to a person on equality with ourself, the same as te Java- nese handiko, to order, to give command. (Handiko in Javanese means also thou, you. Fr.). Andis, a kind of swallow. Andong, a species of very large bambu, also called awt gede, the big Bambu, Bambusa maxima. Andung, a variety of thin palm tree, used for spear handles. Ang, unwilling, I wo'nt, a child’s expression. (14) Bodhi means in the first place understanding, in the second place the holy fig tree. Wilson. The tree received this name, because the Buddha received his understandine g, or revelation, sitting in meditation under such a tree. Fr. 16 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Ang'ar, bad, poor soil; soil in which whatever is planted thrives badly. Ans'ar-Én o’ér, to be pleased, to be smirking and in a good humour. Ang'él, having to wait a long time; having trouble to get through business; provoking and unnecessary detention, such as native Chiefs take care to give to those who have to do with them, thereby showing, as they fancy, their importance. Angën, anatomically, the liver; morally, the heart, disposition; the pith of atree, the inner part of a bambu; the soft part which lines the tubes of bambu. Zeutik ang'- en, little hearted, wanting pluck, diseouraged. Gedé ang'en, great hearted, having courage, in spirits, enterprising. Ang'en goréng, bad hearted, deceitful, malicious. Ang'en putih, white-hearted, sincere, candid. Ang'ët, warm, a genial glow, agreeably warm as clothing &c. Ang’ ëun, stewed or boiled vegetables, immersed in their juice. Anggal, light in water, buoyant, easily floating. Anggang, apart, gaping, with an interstice between any two objects. Anggara, Tuesday, an ancient denomination for this day, derived from Bhuddist times, see Dité. Angaharuw-a, C. 13. the planet mars. (Angára Skr. the planet Mars.) Anggarhéman, the word with wich some songs commence, particularly accompaniments to the angklung, but of which no one can give any intelligible meaning. Anggël, a pillow, a cushion. Anggëus, Done, fineshed, used up, completed- an exclamation as, alls over! it's done ! a preposition set before verbs and adjectives to show that an action has been comple- ted, and in this case it is generally contracted into geus,as gews datang he has come; geus gede, he has become great, geus béak, itis all gone, all used up. Anggo, to reserve for one's own particular use; to have for one's own private use. Anggo, a method of taking fish by making enclosures which allow the water to pass through but retaining the fish; much the same as Agombongan which see. Anggon-anggon, apparel clothing. Anggor, Persian-wine-Duah anggor, grapes. Anggor, a bunch or string of Peuteui fruit. Anggrék, a beautiful and fragrant epidendron or orchideous plant, often found on fruit trees. Anggrit, Nauclea lanceolata, a hard, heavy and durable wood. Anggur, rather, in preference. Angguranmontong leumpang manan nindak ayeuna, 1 would rather not go at all, than start now. Angin, the wind, a whisper of information as if brought bij the wind. angin kalér, the north wind; angin puyuh, a whirlwind; Luhuran ang'in, above the wind, to windward ; Handapan ang'in below the wind, to leeward. Kula meunang angin, IL have got in- formation, literally I have got wind of anything. AND ENGLISH. 17 Ang'ir, to wash and cleanse the head and hair with some lixivium. Ang'it, to arrange or compile a book. Angka, a figure, acipher, aletter, shape, outline. Angka, C. 11 a mark,a spot, a badge, a vestige, a line, a stroke; ornament, decoration. (In Skr. also a cipher. Fr.). Angkanan, to intend to do, to propose doing. Angkat, to take away, to lift up, to raise, to remove from its place, to carry off, to proceed on a journey. Angka Wijaya, the last king of Majapahit, when it was destroyed in anno Javae 1400 AD. 1478. The word means the „Badge of Victory.” He is also called Alit Wi- jaya or Brawijaya. Alit in Javanese means little. Angkër, any thing that must be done quickly, expedition. Paréntah angker, an order that must be immediately attended to; a sharp order. Angkëuh, to have a mind, to intend, to have in view. Angkeuh na daik ka Batawt, I intend to go to Batavia, Di angkeuhan kénéh, L still intend to do it. Angklung, a musical instrument made of bambus, cut off atthe ends, like the pipes of an organ, and being strung together in a frame, are shook to elicit their tones. Angkuh, proud, arrogant, impolite, rude. Angkul, a wattled hurdle of split bambus, used in the construction of dams in the moun- tain rivers. The pole of such an angkul is called Banchatan, and the split wattled bambu Zal pitik. Angkul golér, an angkul which in eonstructing a dam in a river, lies flat on the bot- tom of the river, and on which the dam is constructed. It often prevents the whole dam from settling, and holds the Chagaks or stakes in their places. Angkup, the slough cast by a fresh leaf bursting from its bud. Angkus, to refrain, to hold in passion or desire. Ang'on, to watch or take care of buffaloes, or other cattle, whilst at pasture, whilst grazing. This is the usual occupation of children and young lads, who are hence called Budak ang'on, and to whom the buffaloes become much attached. Angot, exceedingly, violently, in an excessive degree. Angsana, name of a tree, Pterocarpus Indica. It grows up to be a large tree. Its leaves are pennate, and fall off about once in eight months. The tree frequently becoming quite bare for a few days before the new ones make their appearance. The tree bears handsome bunches of yellow flowers, terminal on the branches. The seeds have thin butterfly-wing appendages, and hence the Botanical name Pterocarpus, wing-fruit. The word is evidently Sanserit, though the nearest approach to it in Clough is only 4sanâ QC. 66. a seat; also a tree, ficus religiosa, possibly from such tree being holy, and under its shade the seat of holy men. In the Sunda districts it will frequently be found planted in old grave yards or Kramats. The tree grows plentifully throughout the Archipelago, and is said to yield the large slab tables of Do) 9) 18 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE the Moluccos, where it is called Kayu Lengoa Mr. Friederich informs me that in Sancrit dsana has also the meaning of „sitting in some peculiar position, as is the cus- tom of devotees” May the word asana, as the etymon of our Angsana tree have had its origin in this tree being often selected for the place where former devotees chose to sit and meditate, and from this holy character of the tree, it was planted about the graves of the deceased? (15). Angsèrot, a syrringe, a squirt-usually made of a bit of bambu and used for squirting Tuba or intoxicating water at fish in holes. Angsëuk, to push forward to, to attack, to force forward. Angsur, to push forward, to shove together, to push along the ground Suluh na angsur- ken deui, push the fire wood together again, when mending a fire of logs lying on the ground. Anjërogkëén, to come to a crisis, to come to the denoument of story. Anjian, to copulate, said only of brutes. Anjing, a dog, canis- aterm of reproach; the big-headed ants, which bite so hard, and appear to be the guardians in a hillock of white ants. a bitch. Anjingan, to hunt or bait with dogs. Anjing awéwé, a female dog, Anjog, Prematurely, too early, untimely. A njukan, haughty, overbearing, always having one's own way. Jélema anjukan,a bully, an unruly person. Anjur,a kind of shovel shaped instrument made by fixing the upih of a Pinang tree, or a bit of broad bark of any kind, between a forked stick for the purpose of throwing up water from a hole; for baling out water. Anom, properly Javanese- young, youthful. Anta, brackish, having a taste of sea water. Anta Boga, The presiding deity over the lowest region of the universe; he was in shape like a dragon. He caught in his mouth the Chupu with its etna Dumila as it fell from the hands of the superior deities and swallowed it. The Retna Dumila subse- quently became the Wayang Arusnawati, who presides over Paddy cultivation. Anta Bo- ga afterwards delivered up the Retna Dumila to Sengyang Guru. The name Anta (15) Asana and Angsana are no doubtthe same word; out of some hundred, where the Javanese have put a nasal sound into a Sanserit word, it suffiee to name the word angkasa in place of Skr. Akäca. Asana with first long ànow as wel as Asana and Acana, have besides some other meanings also that of a tree, Terminalia alata tomentosa, which seems to indicate the same as our Pterocarpus Indica. Clough speaks according to Ceylonese information. Asana »sitting in the position of a devotee” has certainly given the origin of the tree being also called, he sharing the holiness of some kinds of ficus, which were selected for the same purpose. Fr. AND ENGLISH. 19 Boga occurs in Sunda Jampe’'sfor paddy planting, associated with Trusnawati, which see. Anta, C. 32, a boundary,a limit; final, ultimate and sometimes death. Bhoga, C. 500, a snakes body, the extended hood of a snake; food, eating, wealth, riches. The Dragon of death. See Ananta. If Anta here isan abbreviation of ananta, then it will mean the „Eternal Dragon” the „undying dragon.” Antanan, a very common creeping herb , with circular, scolloped leaves, and seeds growing on the roots. It has a bitter taste but is much eaten by the natives. Hydrocotyle asiatica. Antara, between, even until, even unto, until, among. Interval- Antara C. 53, within, between, amongst. Antara bukti even until obtaining. Antara gunung jeung laut, between the mountains and the sea. Antël, driven hard up, pressing against, so as not to be able to go any further. Antélas, ar: Satin. Antëén, there is, there are, to exist, to bein any particular spot- Anten siji, there is one- T'anten for To anten, there are none. Antèp, in an excessive degree. Antep ing hadé, the very best- Di antep to carry to far, to be too severe, to overdo. Antép-antëpan, too severely, going beyond reasonable bounds. Antëér, to conduct, to attend, to follow as a companion, orin suit; to carry, to convey. Aing kudu di anter ka ùmah, IL must be conducted (or attended) home. Di anterken deui ka nu bogah, it was carried back to its owner. Antér, Slow, intentionally drawling; causing unnecessary delay. Anti, to wait, to delay, to tarry; to long for. Di anti- anti, to wait for, to hang on in attendance. Anting, a variety of ear- ring, with a piece of gold, silver or other metal curving in a cirele under the ear. See Karabu. Anting, backwards and forwards, back again the same day- as Pulang anting, to go and return the same day. See Untang anting. Anu, an undefined expression, often of forgetfullness or doubt, as we might say, „thingumee” such a one, so and so, such athing. Stunu, Mr. Somebody- Mr. Thingumee. Di béré anu, he gave me so and so- See Étaun. Anut, to submit, snbmitting to, obedient, submissive. Anyam, to plait or braid; to work baskets or matting- to intertwine. Anyar, new, fresh, recent, Zmah anyar a new house; Jamang amyar, a new jacket. Anyar, The name of a place in the Straits of Sunda, called by the English Anjir, after the Dutch spelling, and where ships from Europe frequently call for refreshments. Anyaran, to renew, to make afresh. Apa-bila, when, at what time, whenever, as soon as. Apa-bila is also Malay, from which it has most likely been taken, as betrayed by the word 4pa, which, what. Marsden P. 61 gives Bila as Hindu and meaning, time, point of time. Wetla and wé- lâ CO, 672 half a day, any portion of a day- time. 20 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Apal, versed in, skilled in, well acquinted with any matter. Apëm, a kind of eonfectionary or paste made with rice flour. Appa C. 63. a kind of cake or muffin made of rice flour. Apéës, delicate, easily laid up with illmess; pretending to be disgusted; nice, in the sense of not liking rough work; Zabari apes, téré mepes, easily disgusted, yon will soon be at aloss- that is, you must not shrink from disagreeable work if you mean to succeed. Api-api, to feign, to sham, to counterfeit; dissembling. Api-api name of a tree with hard stem, growing in mnd on sea-shore. It makes good fire wood. Aegiceras majus. Apik, careful, attentive at any work; guarded in conduct; neat, smart. Apiokkëén, to put together, join or unite together for any definite purpose. Apis, as Apis buntut, the crupper of a saddle. Apiun, ar: Opium- See Madat- the inspissated juice of the poppy. Apok, in conjunction, along with, met, put together. Aprok, to meet, to find, to be in conjunction with, to meet while out and abroad Apu, lime, either burnt from shells, coral or limestone. Apu-apuan, Calotropis gigantea, a plant otherwise called Badori which see. The leaves are largish with a whitish pila on them, which looks as if lime had been dredged on them, hence the name which alludes to this peculiarity. Apun, arank of birth below mas, and above Uyang. Apung, to fly, to dart, or to fling up into the air; to jump up; totoss up the head- Ma- nuk apung, the lark. Apus, the crupper of a saddle; a rope; a string. Apus, a variety of Bambu. Bambusa apus. Apus or Sa Apus, is a quantity of three hoyas of Plantain fruit. Arab, ar: an Arab, Arabian, Arabia. Nagara arab, the country of Arabia. Orang arab an Arab person. Arad, adrag-net to catch fish with. Di arad, to drag a net for fish. Arafat, ar: a hill to the Eastward of Mecca, to which the pilgrims resort, and which ceremony forms part of the process of becoming a Haji. The visit tothe hill of Arafat is made on the 9tk of the month of Haji, and terminates on the 12th. Arafat is some 15 or 16 miles to the Eastward of Mecca. Arah, to wish for, to covet, to desire, to have in mind to get. Todi arah deui, it is no longer desired, no further use will be made of it. Arak, an ardent spirit made from rice, palm wine and molasses, Arrack-Arakku, C. 45. Arrack, a spirituous liquor. Arak, a kind of hardwood; vitex leucoxylon; the same as Laban. Arak, to carry in triumphal procession, especially as the bride at a marriage, or children just before they are to be circumeised. AND ENGLISH. 21 Aram, brushwood used for eonsolidating or giving substance to boggy roads, embankments, dikes, dams &e. brushwood laid down on a muddy road. Aran, aname;asto- Aran hadé, nya hanto, as to its being good, indeed it is not (Jav. id). Arang-arang, name of a fish in some rivers. Arangan, name of afish, the same as Arang-arang. Arap, bits of string in weaving, which raise the alternate threads. Arapat, ar: the mountain of Arafat near Mecca, where some of the ceremonies of be- coming Maji take place, See Arafat. Arapap-ëréupèup, to stutter, not to be able to articulate clearly. Arawah, also much ealled Loa, the eighth month of the Mohammedan year; otherwise also called Saban. Ardi, mountain, occurs sometimes in the composition of proper names, and is Kawi. (Scr. adri, a mountain; herefrom are formed in Javanese ardi and redt, by transposition. Fr.) Aré, The open country, or where there is httle or only young jungle, in contradistinction to the mountainous and forest parts. Orang are, the people living in open country; this expression also sometimes implies evil spirits, demons. Arëèp, to exspect, to hope for, to look for; Zodiarep deui, LT no longer expect it. 1 do not expect to see him again Arëés-arësan, sweepings of rice mixed with sand and dust, picked up for use. Areui, Jungle rope; the twining and long runners which abound in all tropical forests, much used as bands or ropes. Called in French Liane. Called in Malay Oyod, which word in Javanese means Zoot thus the idea of root is conveyed, when speaking of these lianes, which spread their roots above ground, Argopuro, according to Javanese pronunciation: otherwise Argapura. The highest part of the Tyang mountains in Basuki, 9287 feet high, covered with rude terraces and tra- ces of ancient worschip. Argha, C. 47. Reverence, mode of worschip. Arghya, C. 47. renerable, deserving worship. respectable. Pura, C. 409. a city, a town , a collection of houses, a house or cluster of houses walled in. Argha-pura, the worshipful city- or place to worship at. Pûra, C. 415 a piece of water, a large quantity of water. Argha-pura, the worshipful water, the water deserving worship. At one place on the top of the Argopuro, isa sort of hollow, going down into the ground about six feet perpendicular. It is so narrow that aman can with dif- ficulty get up and down it. On the top of the Argopuro, Mr. Zollinger found several glazed pots partly whole and partly broken. They are about two feet high and have a mouth one foot wide, but belly out below. Can there have been some worship of sacred water on the top of the Zyang? Tijdschrift 8 year 2° No. Feb. 1846. UD) A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE The Dayaks are still fond of possessing large earthenware jars for religious pur- poses, and the Sunda people often tell you of mysterious jars having been found at Balais or sacred spots amongst the mountains. (16). Ari, If, in case that, now supposing that; Ari daik, chokot bai, if you like, you have only to take it, Aria, or Ariya, a rank of office below Tumunggung Aryya- C. 48. a Person of eminence, a man of worth, a master. Ayrya- C. 64, a term of high respect, of veneration, and applied to persons of high descent. One of the names of Buddha, but particularly applied to the priests of Bud- dha. In the Pali form itiscalled Ariya- C. 64. (Arya with long â, of a good fa- mily, Skr., is in the old time of Bali (and Java) one of the titles of the Xatri- yas. Fr.) Ariya Bang’a, a character in ancient Javanese history, connected with the foundation of Majapahit and Pajajaran, and elder brother of Chiung Wanara. See Raffles 2 vol P. 100 Ariya Bang’a having settled at Majapahit. Bang'a C. 486. breaking, splitting, a fissure, a division, defeat, discomfiture. Ariya Banga was probably so called from breaking or splitting the country into two separate dominions. Ariya Damar, the son of Angka Wijaya, the last king of Majapahit, by a witch of the Gunung Lawu. He was an enterprising youth and was sent by his father in com- mand of an army against Bali, in consequence of which Bali became tributary to Ma- jepahit. Ariya Damar was subsequently appointed to be chief of Palembang on Suma- tra. To Palembang he carried the Champa Princess, who had been married to the king of Majapahit (his father?) and who had by him a son called Raden Patah. This prin- cess had subsequently another son by Ariya Damar, called Raden Husen, and these two brothers were instrumental in upsetting Hinduism in Java, and introducing Mo- hammedanism. Raffles vol 2 Pages 115/117. Ari-ari, as Tali-ari-ari, the after birth. Arip-ar: intelligent, wise, acute, skilful. Ari-raya, a holiday, afestive occasion. This is Malay, but still often used by the Sun- das. Raya in Achinese is great, and the Malays may have borrowed the expression from them, and it will thus mean „the Great day”. (16) Argha is not only a mode of worship; an oblution (of eight ingredients), Wilson: but also the vessel where such oblations are placed in. It appears nearly always in conjunction with the Lingga and Joní, (the latter forming even part of the Argha) and leads us with some certainty, principally in olden times, to distinguish the worship of Siva, in his mean (originally Dekhanie) from, The mountain called »town of the Argha”, is not far from the city called Probolingo nthe illustrious linga” (Prabhà —lingga.) Cf. Moore Hindu Pantheon. p. 985 sqq. and plates 83. 84. 85. and princi- pally 86. Besides the Sandhya or daily prayers of the Brahmins by Mrs. Belnos Plate 13. AND ENGLISH. 25 Arit, an agricultural instrument like a hedging bill, called in Malay Parang. It is uni- versally used for cutting grass, or for cleaning away weeds in gardens. Arjuna, C. 48. gives Arjjuna. The name of a king with a thousand arms. see Bisnu. Arjuna is a celebrated character in the old Javanese legends. Arjuno, name of a mountain on the confines of Sourabaya and Pasuruan, 10.709 Rhine- land feet high. Aro, the large bottlefly, such as lays the eggs for maggots, Musca vomitoria, Aros, a kind of gingham cloth in stripes of blue and white, Arotan, festivels in former times; the word occurs in Pantuns. Aru-aru, to meddle with, to disturb, to oppose or give oflence. Arum, fragrant, sweet-scented. Asa, I think, to be under the impression, to feel. Murah kitu asa di béré, It is cheap in that way, I feel as if it were given. Asa, C. 66, an interjection of recoïlection. Asa. C. 65, wish, desire, hope. Asa-an, to taste, to try, to take a taste, to make a trial. Asad, ar: the zodiacal sign Lieo. Asah, to sharpen, to whet, to rub or grind upon a stone. Kuda di asah it must be sharpened. A asahan, name of a liane or jungle rope, good for using as a rope in tying fences, or making dams in rivers, Tetracera dichotoma. Asak, ripe, done enough in cooking. Buwah asak, ripe fruit. Kéjo asak properly boiled rice. Asakan, to cook, to boil, to dress food. Asal, ar: origin, source, race, descent, beginning, commencement. 4sal na tt Pajajaran, his descent or origin is from Pajajaran. Asal, as long as, so that, provided that. Asal wlah di leburken, as long as you do not spoil it. Asal meunang sijt bai gé hadé, provided that you get only one, it will do. Asal opat kaki jangkung na, mahi, as long as itis four feet high, it will be enough. Asana, l think, it strikes me; Asana mohal di béré, it strikes me he will not give it. Asang, the gills of a fish. Asar, ar: that period of the day which is towards 4 o'clock in the afternoon, and is the third prayer hour with the Mohammedans. Asëlan, to replace seed or plants, that have failed. To fill in. Asëm, a tamerind tree-Tamerindus Indica. Asém Jawa, the acid of Java; tamerind prepared for use, Asép, aname of courtesy given to the male children of nobles, or of great men being a contraction of Kasép, handsome. Asèruk, to walk about and examine, as a garden or a forest. esn Love, affection, pity, commiseration. Asil ar: revenue, income, produce, profit, gain. 24 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Asin, salt, saltish, salted. Daging asin, salt meat. Chi asin salt water, the water of the sea. Asmara, the same as Samara, the deity of love which see. Samara C. 710. from Sa for ___Saha, with- Máâra an enemy; having the passions unsubdued. (17). Asongkën, to push forward, to shove along, to push on to eucounter-to set afighting. Asrah, to surrender, tosubmit, to give oneself up, toask for mercy; vielded, submitted. Sarahken in Sunda is also to give up, to surrender anything. Asrakal, the act of standing up in prayer. (ar.) Asta, acubit, the measure from the elbow to the tips of fingers. Hasta C 789 the hand, a cubit measured by the hand and arm, from the elbow to the middle finger. Astaghafarillah ar: an exclamatio nof astonishment or of sudden alarm: may God avert, may God preserve us. God bless me! Astana, the burial ground of Chiefs or of great men. Im Bali Pangastanan is a sort of temple where Siwa is worshipped by the mass of the people. Sthana, C. 774 from Stha to stay-place, spot, situation or Asthana C. 66. an assembly (of the dead as used for a burial place). Astina, name of the Country of the Pandus, placed by the Javanese in the province of Pakalongan in their own Island-Crawfurd. (Skr. Mastinapura, ancient Delhi. Fr.) Asuh, to nurse a small child, to fondle an infant in the arms; to hold sucha child in the arms and swing it about. Asur, to push together, particularly firewood or burning logs. Asur, to bribe, to gain to one's interest by gifts. Asuran, a bribe, a douceur. Aswalas, a term of reproach. The words are properly Javanese and Asu- alas, dog of the woods. Sura, U. 748. adog, derived from Su to hear, to obey, and na affirmative. alas forest. (gvan, Nominat. gvâ; cass. obliqui cun- Okee ren kyn-os; lat. e(v)an-is; Germ. hun-d. Our form here is derived from the Nominative-cvà, with pre- fixed a. Fr.) Atah, unripe, raw „ not sufficiently. cooked. Atak-atak, direction, position, as Kapahung, to nyaho di Atak-atak na I lost myself in the forest, and know not in what direction (or where abouts). Atal, Orpiment, a yellow sulphurate of arsenic, with which the natives, especially at the east end of Java, smear their bodies, and make themselves yellow, on oecasions of ce- remony, especially when celebrating their marriage eeremonies. Artal is given by Crawfurd who says it is Sanscrit. (17) Smara Skr. derived from smri, memorem esse (memor= me- smor); ef for the applieation of the word (love, the God of love), the Latin cura. The a is prefixed, as in many words, to facilitate the pronunciation Fr. AND ENGLISH. 25 Atar, ar: the planet mercury. Atas, considering, with reference to, as to, since. Atas pelkara itu, with reference to that affair. Atas di béré, daik bai, since you give it, T am willing to take it. Atawa, or- Sia masih kénéh daik chiching, atawa daik undur, do you still wish to re- main, or do you wish to go away. lt is perhaps the same as Tuwa, C. 225, more, yet, still, moreover. (Skr. athawa, or; ef. wtawa, lat. aut. Jav. atawa, utawa and utawi. Fr.) Atëér, a variety of bambu, with substantial but not very thick stem; much used for boat- hooks. Bambusa Thouarsii. Átëul, ltchy, having an itch to do something, ticklish, prurient- Ateul biwir, itchy in the lips, disposed to blab. Ateul leungan, disposed to make use of one's hand’s to thrash others. Ateul suku, disposed to wander about. Sireum ateul, the itchy ant- ared variety of ant. Sireum ateulan, said of things which are not even and alike, as some good, some bad- some light, some heavy. Atoh, pleased, deliohted, elated, glad. Atu, an expletive, as Afw ho! well yes- Atu ulah! now d'ont. Atua, or, either- atua sia, atua batur, either you or your companion; see atawa. (Ls the same word; awá corrupted to ua). Atua, old- used only with wong person, as wong atua, the old people, parents. Atua in the Pacific, almost every where, means God, Divinity, and has no doubt its ori- gin in the Tua or Atua of the Archipelago, meaning old, as old age every where commands respect among these people-see Zuwa and kituwa. Wong-atua. Aub, shade, shelter, used in conjunction with Payung an umbrella, as Aub-payung, lite- rally the shade of the umbrella, but figuratively a duty that devolves on any person, or a right that may appertain to him. Saha nu bogah aub payung, who possesses the natural right? Audabila men éshétan irajim, the way in which natives pronounce Audzu billahi men Sheitani r°rejimi by the aid of God , against the accursed devil- see Marsdens dictionary Page 205. aform of prayer used by the natives when in trouble, and especially used when a sudden flash of lightning is seen. The words are Arabic. ( ee) obd) à Ee all IS „el Fr). 2d Aulia, ar: Saints, friends of God, Although an Arabie plural, it is equally used in the Archipelago as a Singular, conformably to the genius of the languages-Crawfurd. Awab or awap, vapour, exhalation- the breath or animal perspiration visible from cold. Awak, the body, person, the trunk. | Awak, a pronoun, thou, you, used towards an equal, and is neither so low as Sia nor so high as Andika: little used except in songs and Pantuns. d 26 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE A wal, ar: first, former, beginning, see ahwal. A wang, the clouds. The etherial space. The heavens. A was, seeing clearly, sharpsighted, vigilant, watchful. A wét, lasting, enduring, which can be used for a long time. Kayu awét, durable wood. Umur awtt, a long life. Awéwé, a woman, a female. A wi, abambu, a general name for every variety of Bambusa. The Sunda people distinguish the following varieties- Awi Apus, resembles dwi tali, and is used much for ph into withes. „ Atër, strong and good for boathooks or poles. Bitung, large and substantial, good for posts. Bongkonol, small like Zamiang, of little use. „ Buluh, large but subject to be eaten by worms. Buluh munti, resembles Buluh, and is of little use. „ Bunar, large, good Bambu. Changkeùüteùúk, small sized tubes, makes neat bilik. Changkoré, auseless variety, cannot stand of itself, but reposes upon other bushes. Awi-Awi-Gëdé, or big bambu, called also Awt Andong; a valuable variety, much used. Bambusa maxima. Gémbong, of little use, thin in wood, joints far apart. Gomboeng, much resembles Awi Gèdé. Haur, a peculiar variety of Bambu, with thick wood and makes goods posts. & „ China, a variety introduced from China, with small tubes, and grown in gardens as ornamental. Chuchuk, the thorny bambu, large and bearing numerous thorns or spikes- good for posts. Héjo, or Green Haur, very smooth and bright green , good for posts. ie „ _Konéng, Yellow bambu, planted as ornamental. 50 „ Tutul; spotted variety. Léah, striped hike Awi Gedé, but is smaller. Mayan, a large variety, but of little use, as the worms eat it. „ Saréngkol, small, crooked variety, of no use. Surat, or the written bambu, from being much striped along the tubes; of uni- versal and great use. Tali, of universal use for all kinds of purposes; makes good string, as its name implies. The bambus Jak, Gedé and Surat are the most useful of the whole lot, „ Tamiang, thin, used for making temporary spears. AND ENGLISH. Dl Awi-Tela, gives the best Iwung, or edible sprouts; otherwise of little use. Tereleng, smallish in tubes, but stout and strong like Ater. „ Wulung or Hideung- Black- a useful bambu. A wis, a kind of long reed or rush, growing in bushes, with seeds terminal to the stem. A wor, deprived of virginity, deflowered. Awt-awt, confusedly, in disorder, without any regularity. 2 A wul, a mysterious and apparently fabulous animal, that is heard only at night, and is reported to be somewhat of the human figure, but with feet turned backwards; it is fancied to be found only in old forests, amongst the mountains. Its name is dirived from the ery which the animal is believed to emit. Awun-awun, the haziness which in dry weather hangs over the country, and precludes any distant view, as of the mountains. Awur, to spread or scatter over or out- to strew about. Béasna di awurken ka buruan, _ he flung the rice about the yard (in front of house). Chai na di awurken ha kebon, he sprinkled the water about the garden. Aya, is, there is, there are, to exist. Aya sit, there is one. Aya bai datang ka kiwart, it still exists to this moment. Aya, father, a very refined and respectful expression. Ayak, to sift, to riddle. Ayakan, a sieve, ariddle, a screen. Ayakën, tocause to be, to produce, to bring forward. Ayanda, Father- said with much respect. Aya father; endah, good. (Cf. Adenda Fr.) Ayat, ar: a verse of the Koran. Ayat, used in the expression Jamany ayat, a Jacket without sleeves or neck, a sort of waistcoat, or bodice, Ayëér-ayèran, sreaming, neighing, sending forth a loud shrill voice. Ayër Langgia- the predecessor of Jaya Baya as sovereign of K&diri in Java. Under these two Sovereigns were prepared the greater part of the Kawi works still extant. Friederich Bat. Frans. vol 23 Page 17. He reigned in the Sth or 9th century after Christ. The name is probably derived from Ayrya C. 64 a term of high respect, of veneration; and applied to persons of high descent. One of the names of Buddha, but particularly applied to the priests of Buddha. The nearest approach which Clough af- fords for solution of Langgia is Langhanya, C 602, hunger, fasting, abstinence, and then the whole name would mean, „the holy and venerable man who was abstemious” Holy and abstemious”, which were characters eminently coveted by persons professing the Hindu austerities. (There is no proper derivation of this name out of the Skr. Fr.) Ayër mawar- Rose-water- Properly Malay. Ayëuh, laid as corn, fallen down from over-luxuriance of growth. Ayeùünah, now, at this present moment. 28 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Ayon, to compare weights, to balance one weight with another. Ayu, handsome, pretty- in the Kawi of Java a name for the daughter or wife of a Prince. Raden ayu, a title born by native women of royal birth. Ayuman, to mend by insertion, as a thatched roof by inserting new materials where the old had failed; or by replacing seed or plants, where they had failed in a plantation. Ayun, to swing backwards and forwards; to rock as a cradle; to dangle a child in the arms. A ceremony performed when an infant is first taken out of the house into the open air. Ayunan, aswinging cot for an infant. Ba-äl, sore, painful the skin worn or rubbed off to the quick. Bab, ar: achapter, a division of a book. The stamp- like seal smeared with lamp- black, and put at the head of a great man’s letter. Baba, aname given to a male Chinese child born in Java, and generally called Si Baba, When applied to a grown up male Chinese born on Java, it is accented at the end and called Babah. This word Baba or Babah prefixed to a Chinaman’s name shows that he was born on Java or in the Archipelago. Bappa or Balappa, C. 843, from Bala, younger; Appa father, a paternal uncle, father's younger brother, and is thus a term of courtesy. Babachakan, to guttle, to eat greedily. Babad, to cut down jungle, brush wood or grass in preparing land for cultivation; to clear away with an instrument called an Arit. Babad, the paunch, the receptacle for food in the belly of ruminant animals. Babad may be a duplication of the first syllable of Bada C, 455, the belly, the abdomen. Babad, chronicle, native history. Babadéan, to guess, to solve ariddle; to play at riddles. Babadotan, name of a stinking grass called also Jukut bau, ageratum conyzoides; very troublesome in cultivated land, especially in the humahs. Derived from Badot a ran- cid he-goat. Babai, to fix a token or mark of possession on a tree, either to secure the neighbouring land for cultivation, or to show that the fruit on such trees is private property. The mark so fixed, which is generally long grass tied round the stem. Babak, the bark of atree, particularly when peeled off for any use. Babak, the state of a horse when its back is sore and raw from the saddle- sore- backed, said of a horse. Babak, a turn, a short spell of work. Mayang ngajaran sa babak. T will take aturn for trial. Kudu ku kula ayeunah sa babak let me now have it for a trial. Babakalan, said of young people whoe are courting, but not as yet engaged in marriage: derived from Bakal. which see. Babakan, a sub- village; a village whose inhabitants have originally come off as a colony from some other village, as it were peeled off, as we might say „„swarmed” when speaking of bees. AND ENGLISH. 29 Babak-haur, a kind of centipede. Babalanja- to do marketing, to make purchases of household commodities, Babang, to run away, to escape, to go off without knowledge or notice. 3abantal, the ground part of a plough which carries the share. The sleeper or rest for any part of machinery, from Bantal a cushion. Babar, east down, destroyed, put to rout, driven away. Babari, easy, not difficult. Babasaran, the mulbery-tree- Morus Indica. Babat, history, story, legend, chronicle, see Babad. Babatok, the skull, the cranium. Babawangan, sieves, a reedy grass growing in wet poor land. The word means resem- bling Bawang or onions. Babétkën, to fling with violence or rage, to dash. Babi, a pig, a hog, a swine, a term of reproach fora nasty dirty fellow. Sus- Lauk babi, pigs flesh, pork. Babi lëuwëung, the wild pig, the pig of the forests. Sus Verrucosus. Babu, properly malay- a nurse, a woman to take care of children, in the employ of Europeans. Among the natives such a woman would be called Pangasuh. Babuk, to beat violently with a stick, to give a thwack. Bachack, wet and muddy. Said of ground soaked with rain. Bachang, a springe, acord with a noose fastened to a bent stick, in order to catch wild animals. Bachot; an expression of"surprise; oh is that it! aye indeed! who would have thought it! Bada, a period of prayer or festival. Bada isa, the period of latest evening prayers after dark. Swrud Bada, after the festival, Badag, coarse, of large texture or grain; rough; uncomely, Badak, the Rhinoceros. Rhinoceros Sumatrensis. Badak may be derived from Bada, C 455, the belly, the abdomen, and Ek C, 85. One- This Zk in Singhalese coalesces with the word to which it relates at the end, and when such word terminates in a vowel like Bada, the é of ék is dropped, an only the & suffixed, thus Bada Badak, which though not a current Singhalese word for a Rhinoceros, means „One Belly”, and would apply very well to an animal of which the belly forms so conspicuous a part. The Sunda people have also Ladog and Gandol for Rhinoceros. Nyampal badak, the evening star, lite- rally the feeding time of tke Rhinoceros. Cheuliì badak the cactus or opuntia plant, lite- rally Rhinoceros ears (18). Badan, the body- The trunk of any animal- Crawfurd and Marsden call this word Arabic. (18) The synonymous words ladog and more yet the Javanese warak seem to indicate that the word is of Polynesian origin. The word is perhaps the same as the preceding Fr, 50 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE It would easily come from Bada C 455 the belly, the abdomen, with Polynesian an suffixed= Badan, which would indicate „what had a belly”. The Sundas more gene- rally use Awak for the body, yet still say Badan Semporna afaultless body, safe and sound, and some other similar expressions. Im Pantuns Badan Si Nyai is generally the chief female personage of the story. („as badan is undoubtedly introduced from the Arabic; the original Polynesian word is awak, which occurs also in Javenese, Balinese and Malay. Fr.) Badar, the young of fish, small fry. The term is also fondly and playfully applied to children. Crawfurd gives Adar, aged, advanced in years. Our word would form from this with Be Badar, being of some age, not old but still advanced from primative nascence. Badé, to guess, to divine; to offerto be, to have a pre-appearance of- chik badé, try and guess. Badé na gedé, he offers to become great, he looks as if he would grow large. Badéga, a servant, an attendant, mostly a young lad. Badi, ulterior meaning, what any line of conduct may lead to; the result. Budak to nyaho di badi a child who does not know what may be the result, a child who is easily ta- ken in. Badi-badi- a short dagger, much worn in the girdle or belt. Badis, assuredly, oh that's the way! a term of surprise. Baditu, still further on, beyond some object indicated. Badiyadari, a celestial nymph. This word is used for the Muri of the Mohammedans. Widyadhara, C. 648, derived from Widya a magical pill, Dhara who holds- a De- migod of a particular order supposed to be attainable by magical rites and incantations. The Sunda Badiyadari is evidently the feminine of the above words of Clough, which with final a and thus in a masculine shape is never heard in the Snnda language, whereas the female shape with final # is very common. (19). Badiyo, on this side, nearer the speaker than some other object indicated. Badodon, a small temporary Saúpan, set to catch fish when Tuba has been used, see Bedodon. Badog, to steal, to purloin- a coarse expression. Badong, a variety of fish trap set in rapids, resembles a large cylinder made of bambu, with one end tapering to a point. Badong, a country so called on Bali. It projects into the Southern ocean likeafish trap (19) In Kawi the masculine and feminine form exist, and are written as they ought to be accor- ding to the Sanserit. They are inferior deities at the command of Indra. The derivation of Clouch must be a Buddhistical fancy; widyáâ meaning really Knowledge, and the compound word thus one possessed of knowledge. Fr. AND ENGLISH. Di of this name, and a very rapid current runs through the adjacent straits. So that the cireumstances favor the interpretation which might be given to it from our Sunda Badong. Badori, Calotropis gigantea, a shrub which produces a pod, containing a fibre like cotton. It is sometimes called apu- apvan which see. It is called in Malay Biduri see Mars- den Page 59. Badot, arancid, stinking he-goat. Badui, a small tribe of heathens living among the mountains of South Bantam, who have hitherto resisted the adoption of Mohammedanism. Bedawi, arabie-rustic; a clown, a Beduin or inhabitant of the Arabian desert. The Bedui of Bantam do not give them- selves this name, but itis applied to them by their Mahomedan neighbours. The Ba- dui call themselves after villages, and have no general name to designate their race. (Arabic DN bedewi or baduî campestris. Meninski). Bagal, the root end of any member where it joins upon the body. that part of a plant where it comes out of the ground. Bagaltepus the stump end ofatèpus plant. Bagal buntut sapi the root end of a cow’s tail. Bagalén, name of a Resideney in the middle of Java, and adjoining the South Coast. Bhaga, C 485, fame, glory, knowledge; the absence of passion, the tranquillity of the religious man who has divested himself of all worldly excitability; omnipotence or supreme power; virtue, moral merit, final emancipation. Ali, ©. 65. a race or family. Bhaga-ali, the race of Devotees. Bhaga-ali-an= Bhagalén, the abode of the race of Devotees. These districts were formerly probably the abode of holy refugees from India. They had in this po- sition the Prawu mountains immediatly to the north of them, and the grand temples of Prambanan; Boro Budur and so many others in the districts adjoining them on the East. See Bagawanta and Serayu. (In the Mahratta country is a district Baglana. Cf. Lassen Ind. Alt, 1. p. 148. N. 2). Bagawan or Bhagawan, a title given to all spiritual persons on Bali. Friederich Bat. Frans. vol 28 p. 8. The word is also used in Ceylon, and in Clough 2 vol. page 486 is Bhagawantan, one of the names or generic terms of a Buddha. Bagawanta, called according to the peculiarity of Javanese pronunciation Bogowonto. It is the river which runs between the residency of Bagalen and Jugjakarta. Bhaga see voce Bagalen. Wanta, C. 621 subjugated, possessive of. The river subjugated to, or possessive of Bhaga. This river is still in so far held s ered, that no prince of Java blood may or dare cross it, and its presence often caused to Dipo Negoro and those of the blood royal much trouble in the Java war of 1825/30 (20). â- (20) Bhagawanta is lenghtened from bhagawat, of which the fuller form is Bhagawant. Fr. 0) A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE. Bagëdur, the soft centre of a plantain tree near the root, sometimes eaten. Bagër, upright, good, sincere; serviceable-a term of wonder. Jélema bager, an upright good man, a man in his right senses Kayu na bager kénéh, the wood is still serviceable, still sound and good. Lain bager, how wonderful- how strange: literally, otherwise than upright or sincere. Nu bager, you d'ont mean it, can it be really so. Bagi, to divide, to share, to allot, to portion out. Kwdu di bagi you must divide it. Bagaya, C. 467, a part, aportion, ahalf. Baga, C. 467 and Bhaga, C. 490 part, portion, share. (Skr. bhagya, to be portioned or divided). Bagia, the fated luck of any individual, either for good or for evil. Fortunate, happy, lucky. Bhaga, C. 485, fortune, prosperity, happiness. Bhagaya, the final ya is an adjective constructive form. Bhagya, C. 490, destiny, fortune, luck. Bagya. C. 467. good luck. (The same as the preceding, which means also in Skr. destiny, fortune.) Bagian, portion, share, division. Bagian kula ma saheutik my share is only a little. (bhâgja-an). Baginda, a designation, an appellative for a person of royal birth, either male or fe- male. His Majesty, His Highness. Probably derived from Bagei in Malay, as, like, resembling, and Endah, good, excellent- Bagei- Endah= Baginda. Ali the son in law of Mohammad, and fourth Caliph is always called Bagind’ Ali, His Highness Ali. (see Note 3). Bagong, swine, a wild pig. Bagus, handsome, pretty, of good quality, welldone. Bagus, a title given to illegitimate sons of native princes, when they are generally cal- led „To Bagus”, which is probably a contraction of Ratu bagus. As To Bagus Buang was a celebrated rebel in the Bantam territories in the middle of the last century, and was an illegitimate son of one of the Sultans of Bantam. (cf. agus). Bahan, a plank, a board. Bahas, drooping and dead. Bahé, to pour out, to spill, spilled. The etymon of this word is Bah which alone does not occur in Sunda, though it is probably heard in Sawah, Wahangan. Im malay it means aflood, inundation. Wahinawa, C 641, to pour, to shed. Wahinawa, C 693- to rain, Bahëula, formerly, originally; original, ancient. Bahëuman, to gobble up, to swallow, often in an uncooked state. Bahu, see Bauh, a measure of land. Baha C 633 from Baha to bear, the shoulder of an ox, any vehicle or means of conveyance; bearing, conveying. Baha C. 640 a carriage, a conveyance; a carrier, a porter- the arm (21). (21) Skr. báhu and báha, the arm; the other forms of Clough are in Skr. written with w; all derive from the root vak to bear. Fr. AND ENGLISH. 5, Bai, only, just, simply- a favourite and familiar interjection. Siji bat, only one: Kadiyo bai, just come here. Madé bai, very good. (See Note 2). Baiawak, a kind of guana-an animal of the lizard tribe- In malay itis Béwak. (At Ba- tavia benjawak and menjawak). Bainat, evident, apparent to every one, a clear result. Baiombong, a house centipede, found among old thatch, a couple of inches long, and with venomous sting. Bait-ullah, ar: the house of God- the Kabah or sacred Temple at Mecca. Bajag, Pirates, sea-rovers. Bajirah, as Karang bajirah, a variety of limestone which is blue and very hard. Bajirah, a variety of white ant which is luckily scarcer, but is more destructive than the common Rinyu. It is found more under cover, or in buildings. It is long in the body, and milk white with small red jaws. It will sometimes even creep up between the plaster and brick work of a wall to commit its depredations. It never builds up houses or passages of earth like the common Rinyu or white ant. It is a variety of Termes. Wajra C 616 a thunderbolt in general, or the thunderbolt of Indra-crystal, glass- Hard, impenetrable, adamantine. Perhaps both the limestone and ant have their origin or their name in this word. The former from its hardness, and the latter from eating their way through every thing. Bajogol, a liane which is very serviceable in tying up the wood of dams in rivers, as it endures a long time. The root is of a yellowish colour and stinks. Baka, mangroves, a particular kind of tree growing in Saltwater. Bakakas, tools, implements, utensils. Furniture, moveables. Chattels. (Malay: pa- kakas). Bakal, the raw material; the rough stuff to be worked up. To promise or have the ap- pearance of. Bakal luhur, it will become high. Bakal goréng éta, that will turn out- badly. (As a verb it is an auxiliary indicating the future time Fr). Bakatul, the fine bran obtained in pounding rice clean. Itis often baked in leaves and eaten, and as such is called Pais bakatul. Bako, Tobacco- Nicotiana Narcotica, called also Tambako. Zo bogah bako, 1 have got no tobacco. The name betrays its introduction by Europeans, probably by the early Por- tuguese. Bakti, good and meritorious actions in obedience to the word of God. Negabakti, to do good actions, to do what a man’s faith or religion requires. Bhakti, C. 485, faith, fidelity, devotion, worship, adoration. (Skr. the same). Baku, a turn, arotation, an assigned day or period for the performance of any work or duty. Bakul, a large basket, such as used in Rice mills. Bakung, a kind of lily with white flowers. Crinum asiaticum. 5 5 34 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Bakutrak, the fourth consecutive year of planting the same humah field. Bala, people, snbjects, attendants, privates in an army. Ratu to bogah bala, a Prince without followers or subjects. Art daik prang kudu mawa bala loba, if you want to make war, you ought to bring many followers. Bala, C. 462, an army, forces, a man, a male. (Skr. bala, strength, power; an army, forces. bâla, an infant, a child; infantine; unwise, uninstructed. Wilson). Bala, overgrown with brush wood and grass, obstructed with vegetation. Said of a plan- tation which is not properly weeded. Balabar, to get spread abroad by report or tradition. Balachang, a superior variety of Délan or Trasi. It is of a vellowish colour and made of the choice of materials from which Délan is made. Balachang admits of the inter- pretation Bala, C. 462, strength, power; young. The young part of whatis vile. The stuff stinks. Chan, C 191. vile, base. Baladah, to break ground, to begin a piece of work in the soil; to clear the ground for any work. Baladahan, to make a commencement- to begin work in the ground. Baladéwa, C 462, from Bala strength, and Déwa, divine; a deity so called, according to Hindu mythology; he was the elder brother of Krishna, and the third of the incarnations ter- med Rama. ! Balai, an ancient and sacred spot, for making offerings and prayers. They are frequently found on mountain tops throughout the country, and are often still held in some de- gree of awe by the natives. Baléyan, C. 469 fitor proper for sacrifice. This is very likely the etymon of our Sunda word Balat, and it has penetrated into the Pacific, where the Malai is well known, or was so when the islands were first discoverd by Europeans, as a place of religious observances. Im mariners Tonga Islands London 1818- in the vocabulary occurs „Malat, a piece of ground, generally, before a large house, or chiefs grave, where public ceremonies are principally held”. Bala, C. 469 is pure, clean, free from blemish, or defilement; fit to be offered- and Bala- va Balai would be the object fit to be offered, or the offering. It is strange that this Sanscrit word, or its modification should have found its way into the distant Pacific islands (22). Balambangan, the ancient name of the district now called Banyuwangi, at the East end of Java. The word is probably derived from Balang, to throw away, as it was used as a place of banishment by the ancient native princes of Java, and even now the Dutch (22) Bali, Skr. an oblation, a religious offering, presentation of food to all created beings: it is the same as banten; there from is devided báleya, fit or proper for a sacrifice; this is the same as the Pali báleya-n, and I think our balai. The other derivation is not to be approved of, bálá meaning only in the feminine form and in a circumscribed sense, pure, (as of a female animal, which is fit for sacrifice). Fr. AND ENGLISH. 95 government have a penal settlement there for convicts, who are employed rearing Co- chineal. Balanak, a variety of sea fish, very good in flavour, but very full of fine bones. Mugil Sundanensis. A mullet. Balandongan, a place to keep or pile timber in- an open shed to store timber in. Balang, to throw, to cast, to fling. Balangan, to throw at, to aim at with any missile. Balangkën, to throw or cast any object, as a stone or stick. Balangsiar, to stroll or go about, raising the wind, or seeking the means of subsistance, or the necessaries of life. Balanja, hire, cost, expense, disbursements, money for current expenses, pocket-money, wages, maintenance. Balas, an eruption, or breaking out of pustules on the skin. Balasawajar, an expression difficult to translate, answering to— D'ont tell me; do you think Iam such a fool as to believe you. Balawiri, to wander or go backwards and forwards to the same place. Balé, a publie building in every village, that serves for a mosque or place of worship, and it is here also that all strangers unknown to the inhabitants are lodged and fed. The Balé is probably of very ancient use, as it is still known as a petty Hindu tem- ple on Bali. Bat. Trans. vol 22 Page 83/34, (It is the same as Balai; which see). Balédog, to throw at, to strike at, to thwack, to thump. Balég gs, ar: adult, marriageable, grown up to puberty- longing after the opposite sex. Balén, turn, time. Sa balén, once, one time. Zilu balén, three times. Balës, to return, to retaliate, to have revenge; to fly back as a spring or bent stick ; such spring itself. Bales surat to answer a letter. Panghadéan kula di bales ku goréng , my goodness is requited with evil. Ar sia sok jahil, mohal to di balëès, if you are malicious, you are sure to be retaliated upon. Bales na bejad, the spring is spoiled. Bali, the island next to Java on the East, where the Hindu religion found refuge, and continued to be observed after the fall of majaphahit on Java, and the consequent in- troduction of Mohammedanism. A sort of Hinduism still exists on Bali. Mr. Friederich considers that the word Bali is of the same origin as Bantam, which see- and fancies that Bali was a sort of holy land of the Panditas, devoted to religious purposes and offerings, which in short the word implies. Baléyan, C. 469 fit or proper for sacri- fice. The word in its origin is no doubt the same as the Sunda word Balai- which see. Bali, the after-birth, the placenta. Balibat, a word heard in the names of some ancient divinities. The Badui have a divinity called Dalam Balibat Jaya. Bali- see voce. Bata, C. 455 descent, going down, descent from aheight. The west- Bali-bata may be thus „brought down by sacrifices, by of- 56 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE „ferings” — and the whole set of words will be „The Dalam whois illustrious brought „down by offerings”. (23). Balik, to return, to go back. Gews balik, he has gone or come back. Balik, the reverse, the other side, the back of any thing. Ji balik lawang behind the door- Di balik na, on the other side of it. Balikan, to return to the attack; to go over again, as work. Balikkën, to send back, to drive back, to return, to put back. Balimbing, an acid fruit, Averrhoa Carambola. Balimbing bëusi, another variety of averrhoa. Baliyung, the native axe or hatchet; it has no shafthole, but the top is spindle shaped, allowing it to be set in its socket, at any angle. This is the native axe or hatchet, which is probably made after the model of stone axes, before iron was known. The shaft has a bit of the wood at right angles, at one end, for which purpose a piece of wood with its root has been selected. Round this projecting head- piece is fixed a bit of buffaloe hide, sewed together with thongs, which are also eut out of hide; and be- tween the hide- cap and the wood, the head of the axe, which isa long spike of iron, is driven in. This spike turns round with a good knoek, sideways and so the blade can be easily set at any angle to the shaft, and form, as may be desired, an axe or even a cooper’s adze; and when set at any intermediate point, is found very useful for dubbing down wood. Balla, European- a ball, the dance of Europeans. Main bala to dance. Balok, a beam, a piece of timber, A rude representative of coin formerly used by the Dutch, being the end of a rod of Japan copper cut off in equal lengths and stam ped. Balk, Dutch- a Beam. Balong, to keep a sawah constantly under water, even at times when no crop is growing , which is thought to improve the land. Baluk, small boats used on the rivers in the residency of Bantam, for the purpose of conveying merchandise. Balumbang, a pool of water; the muddy pool which is always seen under the steps into a native house, caused by the washing of the feet. Balung, a bone. Baluntas, a shrubby herb growing near the sea shore, Pluchea indica. Bamban, also pronounced sometimes Bangban. A Scitameneous plant, Maranta Tonchat or Maranta Indica, from which Arrow-root is made. Bambune g, a large Coleopterous beetle often fouud about cocoanut trees. (23) L should rather think itto be buliwat, possessed of offerings, rich in offerings, receiving many offerings. See bagawat. Fr. Ô zÓ (dte) AND ENGLISH. Ban, a band, a belt with a clasp worn round the body- Ban, C. 458 tying, fastening, binding. Banaspati, the genius or geni who preside over forests and their trees. Wamaspati, from Wana, forest; Pati, lord, C. 621-the Forest lord. (Known also on Bali as a devil.) Banchang, drawn of work, or usual occupations, unhinged, attention diverted. Banchét, a small and active variety of frog, common in Sawahs. Banda, property, capital, means, riches; the prime cost. Bhanda, C. 486. Capital, stock of money to trade with. Probably means literally „what is tied together”- from Ban- dinawa, to tie. (Bandha, Skr. a band, binding, tying; a pledge. a deposit; the body Wilson). Banda, The island of Banda in the Moluccos. Bandar, a chief town, or trading place, a factory, an Emporium. Bhandagaraya, C. 491, from Bhanda, a vessel, a cup &c. Capital, stock. Agara, a house, a store- room, a place where household goods; and utensils are kept. A treasury. Probably corrupted into our short Bandar. Bandaran, a custom house, a place at the mouth of a river where toll is taken. Bandé Agung, the reception hall of a great man. Bandëng, a sea-fish, much kept in ponds near the shore. Bandëng, name of an Arèui or liane in forests- see Katalimbèng. Bandera, a flag, a banner. Portuguese. Marsden P. 50. Bandil, a kind of pronged spear used by the police to take violent subjects; it is shaped like the letter Y, and the prongs being set with inverted rattan thorns, tear the flesh if escape be attempted. Banding, to place next some other object; to compare by juxta position. Bandrék, a warm drink, made of ginger, pepper &c. Bandring, asling to throw stones. Bandung, two together, double, as two hens laying in one nest. The Etymon of this word may be Bandhu C. 459, from Bandha to bind, a kinsman, a relation, but espe- cially of the distant or cognate kind. The Polynesian final ng has been suffixed. A friend, a brother. Bandung, name of one of the divisions of the Prianger Regencies. Banén, a hog, a swine; a term of reproach. Bang, properly Javanese, of a red colour; Kain bang, a red batik cloth. Banga, a character in ancient Javanese history, connected with the foundation of Ma- Japahit and Pajajaran, see Raffles vol 2 P. 100/104. He is usually called Ariya Banga. On quarrelling with his brother Chiung Wanara, the empire of Java was divided; Ariya Bang'a with his brother Raden Tanduran founding Majapahit, leaving Chiung Wanara in possession of Pajajaran or the westend of Java. Banga C. 486. breaking, 38 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE splitting, a fissure, a division, a chasm; defeat, discomfiture. This name probably at- tached to him from the splitting of the royal authority in Java. Bang'ang’ah, gasping and blowing for breath, as on ascending a hill. The etymon of this word is ang which appears to imply apart, separated, but is not used separately; it occurs in Anggang, and Bung'ang'ang- which see. Bang’'at, with force, with violence, excessively, beyond moderation in an extreme degree- severe- Bang'at teuyn di gebugan, you strike him too severely. Maréntah jélema ulah sok bang'at teuyn, in ordering people d'ont be too severe. Bangbaluhan, a log of wood tied to the neck of a buffaloe or other animal, to prevent its fighting or goring the others. Bangban, see Bamban, name of a plant- Maranta Tonchat. Bangbang, an expression used with reference to the Wastern points of the Compass. The word is probably a derivative from the Javanese word abang red, and beins duplicated will indicate the ruddiness of the East or of the rising sun. Bangbang Siang, the break of day, dawn, the Hast. Siang is Malay for early or day light, and is not otherwise heard in Sunda than in this expression. Bangbang wétan, the East, sun- rise, Bangbara, ablack bulky kind of humble bee or Bombus, with sharp jaws which bores holes and nestles in timber. These insects are especially troublesome in buildings made of common jungle wood, most of which they will attack, if the wood has been cut when young. The insect is familiarly called „the Carpenter”, and in Malay is Kumbang. (23). Bangbét, one of the chief divinities of the Badui. The word occurs in the sense of a di- vinity in several jampés. Bangka, dead, said particularly of cattle that have died in the wilderness without the knowledge of owners, and ar thus not fit for food. Bangka, the island of Banca, celebrated for its tin. (wangka, Skr. the bend, or elbow of a river, the winding course of a stream. Might the island have been called after the currents of the sea about? Fr.). Bangka, heard in the expression Z'uwa bangka, an old obstinate or malicious person. Bang- ka is probably a contraction of Bangkawara. Bangkawara, malicious, bad, wicked, perverse, naughty, acting contrary to orders. Bhanga, C. 486. fear, dishonesty, fraud, circumvention, cheating. Wara, C. 638. opposition: thus fraudulent opposition. (Might be derived from wangka, and wara best, chief, prin- cipal; meaning a person whose chief quality is bending and winding himself? Fr). (24) This might be the Skr. bhramara, a bee, which occurs also in Kawi and means not the honey giving, but the black humble bee, the Malay Kwmbang. The corruption might be explained by the natives avoiding two r in the same word, wherefor they left out the first r (bhamara), and with their fondness for alliteration they put in another ba bambara, or banebary). Fr. AND ENGLISH. 39 Bangkayut, the straw of the ear part of paddy, after the grain has been removed. Bangkol, a hook, a crook. Bangkong, a toad. Batu bangkong, a trachyte stone or rock. Bangkong, as Ki Bangkong, a large forest tree with hard, heavy wood. Bangku, Portuguese Banco- a bench, a form, a sofa. Bangkulu, Bencoolen in Sumatra. Bangka- hulu, old- Bangka Fr.). Bangkwang, a white round root, something like a garden turnip, generally eaten raw. Pachyrrhizus angulatus. Bang'o, a bird of the stork kind, with blaek body and white breast. Sometimes called by the Dutch the Domine, the Parson, in allusion to his wearing a small white band at his neek, and being otherwise dressed in black. Ciconia capillata. Called also Ban- go Séser. Bang’o butak, the bald Bang'o, from having no feathers on its head. It is larger than the simple Bango. The adjutant bird. Ciconia. Bang'or, obstinate, self-willed, naughty. Hardy, as a plant or animal. Bangsa, race, family, tribe. Nobility, of high or noble descent. Wansa, C. 614. race, lineage, family. Bangsa-an, having noble descent, being of good family. Made in Malay into Bangsawan. (The Malay baugsawan is rather the Nominative case of bangsawat, possessing a line- age Fr.) Bangsal, Paddy still in the husk but beaten out from straw. Bangsal, a marine store house, a Banksaul- we do not hear this word in the interior, mor is it now a days in use along the coasts of Java, but exists wherever the native governments are still in force as in Bali. It is most likely derived from Bandha, C. 459, apledge, a deposit, atie, afetter, a binding. Sala, C. 719, a house or hall. Ban- dha-sala would thus be a hall of deposit, and thus of safety for foreign traders. When foreign traders landed their goods in such a building, it was a kind of pledge for their good conduct, and that they would and could pay for any produce, which they might engage. Bang’si, a clarionette, blown from the end. Bang’un, appearance, shape, make, form. Bang’un na bagus, its shape is beautiful. Bang’unan, a set, an assortmant. Goöng tilu bang'unan, three sets of Gongs, with other accompanying musical instruments. Bang’us, the muzzle, the mouth of an animal. Bantahan, to resist, to oppose, to rebel, to act contrary to orders in Malay Bantah-Mars- den 49 to wrangle, dispute, contest, squabble, quarrel in words: and Perbantahan. M. 217. disputes, contention. Some people wish to trace the origin of Bantam on Java to this word Bantahan, contracted into Bantan, as indicating a rebellious, disobedient people, which character they generally possess. 40 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE. Bantal, a sleeper for any thing to rest on. The lower part of a Chinese plouch; the part to which the iron shoe is fixed. Bantan, the present residency of Bantam, at the west end of Java. The Javanese and Dutch Dictionary of T. Roorda published at Amsterdam in 1847 gives this word Ban- tan, as implying-instrument, means; an offering. Im Balinese Banten is an offering ; and Bantenan are collective offerings. Mr. Friederich considers Bantin, to be a Krauma or refined form for Bali, which by Clough’s dictionary, Page 463 implies, Propitiatory ofterings, religious gifts or sacrifice- which meaning Mr. F. is of opinion would ap- ply to the island of Bali, since the same meaning attaches to the word Bali in Sans- erit. Mr. F. fancjes that Bali was a sort of holy land of the Panditas, devoted to religious purposes and offerings, for which same purpose Bantén had originally been employed, butassuch was destroyed by Hassan Udin, on the introduction of Moham- medanism. Other words in Javanese make a transfiguration as strange as Bali Ban- tén, as for instance Kari Kantun. T. Roorda, Page 172, to remain over; a re- mainder. Kirim=s Kintun. TFT, Roorda Page 180. to send; any thing sent. Bantar, a fall in the course of a river where the water runs over a smooth bottom, and even surface. Bantat, an hermaphrodite. Banténg, the wild cattle, the wild bull. Found amongst the mountains, or in lonely forests in the Sunda districts. The bulls are handsome animals, sleek and black with noble horns; the cows are inferior animals and fawn- coloured. Banting, to knock, to dash, to fing with violence one thing against another; to get a jolt, to shake, to joggle. Bantu, to assist, to aid, to help. Bantut, stunted, of small erowth. Banu, the sun: occurs in ancient loreas Banu raksa. Banu C. 468. the Sun. Bhanu, C. 491 from Bha to shine, the sun, light, a ray of light, a master, a sovereign, a Prince. Banu- raksa, protected by the sun. Sun-protected. Banyak Weédi, the name of a character in the ancient history of Java. Raffles vol 2. Page 98. It means in Javanese banyak, a goose- Wedi afraid, frightened. As an infant he was thrown away into the Krawang river in order to get rid of him, but being saved by a fisherman, was restored when grown up,‚ and became Sovereign of Pajajaran, under the title of Chiung Wanara. The name of the „Frightened Goose” has no doubt reference to his having been cast a drift on the river. Banyat, to come out or up from the water, or from a river- to emerge. Banyuan, from Banyu in Javanese, water. To wash, to cleanse with water. Banyumas, aresidency on the South coast of Java tothe Eastward of the Priangan Re- gencies; — Golden water”. Banyuwangi, an assistent Residency at the extreme East end of Java; the words mean NPD NE NIE SIE 41 in Javanese „Scented water” — Here was formerly the old state of Balambangan. Bapa, Father- Papa- Bapa. C. 459 a father. Bapang, a metal plate worn on the breast of police- men, or other petty officials as a mark of authority. Bapang, a variety of Mangga so called. Bar, an idiomatie expression indicating- „pouring out” —is usually associated with Bur which see, and which means Bar in a greater degree. Bar when associated with Zer means to keep flying, flying about. Bar-bër, said of birds or bats which keep fitting or flying around any place; flying backwards and forwards. Bar-bur, to keep pouring out. Bara, glowing cinders, embers, live coals. Barabat, proceeding in a straight line, forthwith, right on. Barahala, some mystical being, anidol. Bara- C. 468, charge, custody- Bara. C. 461, important, of consequence. Hala C. 788 venom, poison of serpents. Halahala, a sort of poison, a kind of snake. Barahala will thus be „Venom-loaded” and will denote some malignant being. (Malay Je, )5 Inscriptions of Malang bharála, seems to be the same as bhatâra, in Tagaly bhatála; with the cerebral t, which is nearly related to r Fr.). Barahma, usually celled Batara Barahma, apparently the God Brama which see- occurs in Jampés and invocations. Barai, to pay, to make a payment. Baralak, the dead leaf branch of a Cocoa nut tree, which has withered and dried up. Baralak, as kuda baralak, said of a horse which has a tail which sticks out stiff and rigid. Coek-tailed. Baranang glittering, shining, as lamps or lights in the night, as burnished gold or silver. Baranda, Port: Varanda. A Varandah, the open gallery of a European’s house. Barandi, European. Brandy. Barang, goods, effects, particularly apparel, househould goods or things for Sale. Barang, an idiomatie expression, as Barang Sapuluh, about ten; To barang nanya, EL did not chance to enquire, Barangasan, violent in conduct, furious, easily enraged, petulant in speech. Barangbang, the leaf frond of the Bettle nut and Cocoa nut palm, when dried up and turned red it falls from the tree devidently dirived from Abang, red in Javanese, as such fronds are then dried up red. In Javanese Barangbang means red- onions. Baranghala, obstructions, things is our way, difficulties. Barani, the loadstone, called generally Batu Barani, perhaps derived from Bhrantiya, C. 502, whirling, going round, revolving (as a compass does). In the back part of Ja- singa towards the Kèndang mountains, there are some rivulets called Chi-Barani. This name may be a modification of Bawani, the consort of Siva or his attribute of Courage, 6 49 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE or be a modification of the plural of wani — warana or wararani, daring, courageous. Barat, the west-Barat is a word very generally used for West, not only in Sunda, but in Malay and Javanese. The Sunda people have also a still more commonly used word, viz kulon of the same import. It strikes me that Barat may have a Sanscrit origin from Bahinawa, C. 466 to go down, to set as the Sun- or more probably the first syllable of this word Ba, which is also heard in Badiya C. 468 from Ba and diya water, the ebb or reflux of the tide, low-water. Rata, C. 581, a country, a district and by contraction Barat, the Country of the setting sun. Baraya, Relations, of the same descent or blood, kindred. Probably the same as Bharaya C. 492, charge, custody, derived from Bhara, which in its turns is from BArae to nourish. Barëlih, uneven, rough, shaggy. Barëéng, at the same time, together, simultaneously. Barëngan, to work in concert, to do at the same time. Baréra, the piece of wood used to strike the threads together in weaving. Baréto, formerly, some timc ago. Poi baréto, the day before yesterday. Baréubëui, name of a large forest tree. Gynotroches axillaris. Barëuh, swollen, inflated, a tumefaction in the flesh. Bari, stale, old from keeping, as provisions; musty, mouldy. Bari, Indeed, even though. Bari saha nu daik, Indeed who would like it. Barimbit, a general fear caused to the inhabitants of any part of the Country, by the presence and ravages of tigers. A general panic. Barinjil, uneaven, rough. Jaris, a line, a stroke, a row, a range. Military array, to drill- of the rank or quality of. Baris ménak, of noble birth, of the quality of a nobleman. Baris kuring, of the common people. Baron, proyo Nusa Baron, an island off the South coast of Java, near its last end, off the districts of Liamajang. Can this be an island risen by volcanic force from the waves within the ken of man, and hence called Baru-an = Baron, by Malay traders along the South coast in ancient times, as Baru is not Javanese or did the traders from India find Marabolans upon it and then gave it the name of Bara C. 461, the three noted Myrobolans, viz. Terminalia Chebula, emblie, and belerica? Baru or Wang baru, Ten Copper doits or two stivers. Baru isa Malay word and means New. The Sundas use also Zahun Baru, the new year, of Europeans or Chinese. Baruang, Poison. The bear of Sumatra and Borneo. Baruang alas, literally interpreted, Forest poison, is a large caterpillar-looking insect, which the natives say poisons water when immersed in it. It is the Cladomorphus Phyllinus of zoology. Barujul, the native plough for dry lands, composed of a crooked piece shod with iron, and a beam to drag it by. ASNOD EINE HSE 43 Barumbung, Paddy straw next the ear- each individual stalk. Baruna. Varuna, the deity of the Hindu mythology who presides over the ocean, and over rain. Waruna C. 625 the deity of the waters and regent of the west. Water or the ocean. Barus, the name of a place on the West coast of Sumatra where the best camphor is produced, hence called Kapur Barus > Barus lime. Basa, speech, language; behaviour, manners. Basa Sunda, the Sunda language. Basa gero, refined language, the language used about courts or towards great men, and corres- ponds with the Basa Dalam of the Malays. see Jëro. Zo bogah basa, he has no man- ners; literally he does not know how to select his words. Basa, C. 465 and Bhasa, C. 493, word, speech, dictum. Basa, points to some particular act or time. Kukeur basa orang kagunung, at the period when we went to the mountains. It is probably only the former word in a modified acceptation. (It might be wasa, house, habitation, from was, to dwell; the given example would in this case to be explained: at the time we dwelled in the moun- tains, Br.) Basar, the power of God to see all things, all-seeing. Baséuh, wet, moist- Samping na baseuh, his body cloth is wet. Basi, a large dish for a joint; a platter, a large bowl. Baskat, a sort of waitscoat; a close garment for the breast This sounds like a corruption of the English word waist coat. It ties with strings on both the right and left breast. Basuki, a place and residency atthe Eastend of Java, so called after the Indian Serpent king Wasuki, who in Indian and Balinese mythology accompanies Siwa, and is a con- spieuous character. Bat. Trans. Vol 23 Page Page 24. Basuki on Bali is one of the Sad-kahyangan or six temples, and is situated at the foot of the Gunung Agung in Ka- rang Asam. Bat. Trans. Friederich Vol 22. Bata, a brick, a building material. Batal, love and affeetion broken and dissolved; to become unelean and unlawful. Batang, appears to be a nearly obsolete designation for a Deity, or for some superior being connected with old superstitions. The word is still in use among the Badui of South Bantam, who still adhere to a form of worship partly derived from Hinduism, or the former religion of the Javanese. Thus they talk of the Pataug jala or Batang jala, as one of their chief divinities, and with them occurs the expression, when they are in diffieulty or much fatigued, of Hari Batang tulung Maung. The word Batang may be a corruption of Batara which see. Wata, C. 617 among other numerous meanings has that of „a Tiger, the Bengal tiger” or the Tiger Royal. The initial W in the Polynesian tongues is often commuted for B. This mutation is also known in Singhalese, Clough Page 454 under the letter B says — „ Considerable difficulties arise from a custom which has gained both among authors and Copyists substituting 44 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE the B for W and vic versa” a final ang is also frequently added to words, by which the original Wata would become Batang. This appears to be the more pro- bable as this Mari Batang is associated with Maung; the colloquial Sunda word for the Tiger Royal. Batang may also be a corruption of Déwata, with the initial Dé drop- ped, and ng suffixed. Hari, C. 787 is derived from Mara to take, and is a name of Krishna or Vishnu, Yama or Indra, and the expression Hari batang tulung maung will thus mean —,,Oh God Krishna, help me oh Tiger”. Batang Jala may mean the God of magic or delusion. Jala C. 210 magie, conjuring, illusion, supernatural de- ception. Throughout Java till this moment the natives have a superstitious reverence for the Tiger royal, and will not hurt or kill it, unless it first has dosa or sin, and has killed a human being, or some of his Cattle. Batang is the name of a place and distriets on the north coast of Java in the residency of Pakalongan, where the Prahu mountains come down near the shore. Im these same Prahu mountains are found many remnants and remains of temples from Hindu times, and the name of Batang may perhaps be in some way connected with the Divinities there formerly worshipped. Ano- ther name of a place in this locality which attracts attention as being of Hindu origin is Sraman near Simbang. Clough Page 778 gives Sramana, from Srama to perform acts of austere devotion-an Ascetic, one devoted to meditation for the purpose of ob- taining final emancipation from existence; a Buddhist ascetic, a beggar, a religious mendicant, a Buddhist priest. Batang may also be explained as derived from Bata C. 455 descent, going down, descent from a hight. To the Sanscrit Bata the Polynesian Ng may have been added as a termination, and Batang may mean the low land, the low country along the foot of the lofty and sacred Prahu mountains. see also Balibat. Batara, The Hindu Godhead. The Sundanese apply the designation to all the divimities, as Batara Guru, the chief Hindu God worshipped on Java, Batara Bisnu, Batara Ga- na or Ganesa &c. Guru among the indus wasa kind of spiritual guardian of youth, one of the names of Brihaspati, the preceptor of the Gods-Clough Page 178. Bata- ra Guru, however, on Java appears to have been the chief Hindu Deity worshipped, but whether Siwa or Vishnu is not evident. Crawfurd dissertation or Malay grammer Page 238 says that, on the authority of Professor Wilson, no doubt the Hindu god intended was Vishnu. Awatara, C. 51. awa, down, tara to erossor pass: a descent, this wordis used by most of the oriental nations to express the incarnation of their deities, or their descent from heaven to Earth; and in Hindu history it particularly refers to the incarnation of Vishnu in ten principal forms, viz 1, the fish- 2, ihe tortoise- 3 the boar-4 the man-lion- 5 the dwarf- 6 and 7 the two Ramas 8. Krishna- 9 Buddha, and 10 Kalki- see Bisnu. (Cf. Cesana Bali Tdsch. Ned. Ind. IX. 8.257. Fr.) Batari, a female goddess; the female of Batara. AND ENGLISH. 45 Batawi or Batavia, the Capital ofthe Dutch possesions in India, situated on the island of Java in the Sunda districts, and founded A.D. 1619 at the ancient Jakatra. Bati, profit, gain-maybe derived from Bhataka, C. 491, wages, hire, price. Batik, a particular method of dying Cotton cloths, the pattern being first traced with liquid wax and the eloth then dipped in the dye stuff; the places under the wax are not dyed, and when the wax is subsequently removed, the pattern becomes visible. Pattern, design. Batin, ar: hidden, occult, interier, ulterior- the future, what is not yet known. Imward thoughts, what we ourselves only can know, Bating, no, not all, none at all, oh never! Batok, the shell of a Cocoanut. Babatok, the skull. Bafu, a stone, a rock. Batu asahan, a whetstone; Batu uji, a touchstone; Batu bata, a brick; Batu riyeus or Batu giling, a ftatstone for rubbing down any vegetable mat- ter to a pulp, see Pangriytusan. Batu Barani, the loadstone perhaps from Bharanti- ya C. 502, whirling, going round, revolving (as a compass does). Batuk, a cough, to cough. Batur, a companion, a fellow in labour, in play etc. Batur is in very extensive use, and means generally-other people, our companions or neighbours; a neighbour, a person in same circumstances as ourselves. Bewnang batur, my neighbour got it. Baturan, to keep Company with, to keep in Company, to associate Bau, smell, odour, scent. Smell or stink. Bau na seungit, the smell is sweet. Bau na busuk, the smell is stinking. Bauh or Bahu, a measure of land, of which four make one Jung. Bahu, C. 470 the arm. The Bauh recognized by government on Java contains 500 square Rhine- lands roods or Tumbaks of each 12 x 12 = 144 square Rhineland feet = 72.000 square Rhineland feet. Now as 0.94310 Rh: feet= 1 Eng: 72.000 or 1 Bauh = 76344 square English feet per Bauh, or a trifle more than 1% English acre of each 43.360 English square feet. Bauh, the fifth in descent, the father counting first; and the terms for each relation ship are thus expressed; Bapa, Anak, Inchu, Buyut, Changgah or Chénggeh and Waréng. These four last terms appear to he inversely used, thus the Bapa will call the 14th ge- neration from himself, his Bauh, and that same Bauh will allude to the same Bapa as his Bauh. These lines complete seven generations, which the natives designate as …tujuh twrunan, and which in general is considered very ancient, and when property is at stake, if it has been in the family for seven generations, it amounts to what we call prescription. Bauk, whiskers, hair on the cheeks. Baur or Bawur, mixed, blended, intermingled. Baurkën, to mingle, to blend. 46 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Bawa, to bring, to fetch, to carry, to convey, to take away. Bawa, on Bali a name of Siwa, implying Nature. Bhawa, C. 495 nature, a state or condition of being. Friederich Bat: Trans: Vol 22 P. 35. Bawal, a sea- fish, the pomfret. Stromateoides Cinereus. Bawang, an onion. allium. Bawani, the consort of Siwa, his attribute of courage- see wani. Bawat or Payung Bawat, an umbrella of oncient times; a state umbrella. Such as re- bels carry about with them when they rise to resist the government, as they are con- sidered badges of authority. On Javathereisan appropriately coloured Bawat for each gradation of rank, the gold Bawat indicating the highest authority in the land, and used by the Sovereign or the Huropean Governor General. | Bawon, a proportion of the rice crop given for reaping, often also called Gachong. Bawur, mixed, mingled, blended. Bawurkën, to mix, to mingle, to blend. (see baur and baurken). Baya, evil, mischief, danger. Hayang wlah nimu baya, L hope not to meet any evil. Baya, C. 460 fear, terror, alarm. Baya in Jampés in Sunda means West. see Söri. Bayah, the lungs, the lights. Bayangan, something or person that we have design upon to possess; marked ont as our own. Bayangan Ratu, the Prince intends to have it; the prince has set his eyes u- pon her, said of a woman. To fail or be worsted in an encounter; wounded. Unchal bayangan a wounded deer Bayangkang, stringy, porous and dry; said of fruit or edible roots. Bayar, to pay, to discharge a debt. Bayaran, payment, disbursement. Bayong, the young or small fry of the fish Gabus. Ophicephalus striatus. Bayu, as Batara Bayu, the god of wind, Aeolus. Wayu, C. 688, air, wind, derived from wa to go, and an affinitive. Bayunan, as Bayunan Ratu, a royal bed- chamber. Bé, a particle prefixed to substantives and adjectives, by which they obtain a verbal form; as Bodo, stupid, Bebodo to make afool of; Buah, afruit, a piece of fruit, Bebuahan, a Kidney, which from its shape suggests the idea of a fruit. The erude form of the word, to which Be is prefixed, does not always occur separately, as is Bébäd, Bèbëk, Bèdag. Béa or Béya, impost, custom, duty, toll. Crawfurd gives Béyaas Sanscrit, meaning a Cowrie shell, such shells were formerly used to represent money or value. Beéak, done, expended, finished, got through, used up. Béar, soft and crummy, not moist or adhesive but easily falling to pieces, or asunder like sand. AND ENGLISH. 47 Béas, rice cleaned from the husk and bran, but not cooked. Also the cleaned grain of any plant, as Beas kopi, cleaned Coffee beans. Bébadak, a long funnel-shaped bambu basket, which being filled with stones is much used in damming rivers. The name is apparently derived from Badak, a rhinoceros, a large bulky unwieldy animal. Bëbajég, the hamstring, the main tendon of the hind leg. Bébalasan, an eruption on the skin, a sort of scurvy. Bébas, cleared and square as a debt paid off, discharged. Bëbatok the skull, the cranium. Bëbatu, the stone used for any particular use, as a weight for scales, for a standing clock etc. Beébéakan, using your strength to the utmost; in any extreme degree, putting forth your strength, or exertions till they are béak, expended. Bëbéehék, to work a bit of swamp for planting paddy, using only a pachul or hoe, and not a plough and buffaloes. Bebëd, to tie up with a bit of string, to tie round and round. Ubed implies a higher degree, more entangled. Bébëd-upih, an upih well filled with provisions for a journey etc. Bëbëédah, to open or make new Sawahs. New sawahs lately made. Bébëgér, young and full of flesh and activity. OChow(né bebeger, a full grown maidenhead. Bébék, a domestie duck; called also #77i-anas. Bébék, to pound fine, to beat in a mortar, anything pounded or ground fine; said es- pecially of grinding rice till it is perfectly clean. Bëbël, glans penis. Bëbëlëdogan, squibs and crackers, fireworks. Bëbëndu and Bebendon, disgrace, loss of favour, dishonour. From Bandhu, C. 459, what is bound. Bandhura, C. 459 injurious, mischievous. Bébéné, a female sweet heart, a mistress, an affianced woman. Bëbëng, of the same size or diameter throughout its whole length; not tapering to a point. Bébér, spread out, opened out; clear, evident. Bébéra- new-made Sawahs. Sawahs that are kept the year through under water, but not planted, in order to improve them. Bébëuréëuh, a sweetheart, a young man engaged in marriage. Bébodo, to make a fool of, to deceive. Bëbuahan, the kidneys- from Buah, fruit. Bëburak, to chase away, to disperse, to scatter. Béchara, a matter of lawsuit or judicial investigation, see Pichara, derived from achara, C. 61. An established rule of conduct, an ordinance, an institute, a precept. To which is prefixed the Polynesian Be which gives it a verbal form. Gedong bechara, a town- 48 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE hall, a place where public matters are discussed, a court house. (25) Béchék, muddy, miry, soft and dirty as the earth after rain. Bëdag, to overtake, to come up with di wlag habedag, chasing him he overtook him. Bëédah, torn, burst, rent asunder: to open or make new Sawahs-Bhédya C. 499, broken rent, torn. Bédah, different, varying, other, distinct, separate- Béda, C. 479 dissention, disagree- ment; or from Bhéda, C. 499, dividing, separating; distinction, sort, difference. (Skr. bhêda). Bëdahkën, to make any opening for water to run out: to make a gap. Besdak, a eosmetie for the skin, made from rice-flour and mixed with something to scent it. It is kept as a powder and when wanted for use is mixed with alittle water, and then rubbed on the skin; much used by young women. Bedamé, at peace, reconciled, of one mind, concord. Bedas, strong, powerful. Bédaya, women who sing and dance before native chiefs. Called in Bantam Bejang. The Bedoyo of the Javanese. Bédil, a gun, a hand gun, a fowling piece. Wédi or Wédilla, C. 668. shooting, ex- plosion. Bëdodon, a kind of trap set to take fish wherever there is a small fall of water; the water passes through leaving the fish. A small temporary Sapa. Bédoe, aecommon chopper, or cutting instrument worn by every native, and used for cutting wood &c. Bédol, burst, as adam or embankment swept away by water. Bëdug, adrum, viz. a hollow cylinder of wood with a hide stretched over only one end, the other end being left open. Such bedugs are hung up in the mosques to call the people to prayers, to give notice of adeath &c., and are beat on all occasions of alarm. To nyaho di palobah bedug, he does not know where abouts the bedug hangs, a sly way of saying he never goes to the mosque to say his prayers, and thus does not even know where the bedug is to be found. Bedul, a pig, swine; an opprobrious epithet. Bégal, to way lay, the act of high way robbery or murder- a high way man. Beg-breg, the breaking or snapping of sticks or young trees, as when some wild beast rushes along: to fling down in a confused heap. (25) It is a corruption of the Skr. Wichara (Malay bichara), the exercise of judgment or reason on present object, investigation, consideration, deliberation; discussion, dispute. Wilson. ‘The Malay bichar means to speak deliberately, to discuss. Fr. AND ENGLISH. 49 Bégog, a monkey, apparently so called from squatting on trees and looking at people see Gog. Béh, an interjection, of sight; there it is! look! it appears; behold! Béh bai témbong, looking LI saw it. Béh bat kanyahoan dosa na, Behold his sin became manifest. Béja, news, report: the talk of all people. Béjakëén, to spread areport, to send news. Béjad, knoeked up, ruined in strength, jaded, feeble, rendered useless for any particular purpose- spoiled. Bejig, poor and mean looking. Bëékakas, tools, instruments. (See bakakas). Bekékén, to hold open, to split open with the hands, to part. Békél, food, provisions, victuals carried on a journey. Béksér, frequently piddling, water gushing out readily, Béla, aid, assistance; a seconder or supporter, a protector- Batur kudu di bela- cn, we must bring help to our neighbours- ding mongké jadi béla sia, I will become your protec- tor. On Bali, according to Friederich Bat. Trans. Vol 23 Page 10. Béla is the bur- ning of a wife in afiery hole, separate from her husband. Into this she jumps without krissing herself. Béla has been described by Crawfurd as implying Metaliation, but as far as I (Friederich) can learn, the Bali meaning of the word implies rather the Sanscrit wela, sudden and easy death (Wilson). This becomes plain from the manner in which it takes place, also from the circumstance that the attendants of a chief who has been killed in battle, and who make an amuk and die with him, are also called Béla. In general in Bali the word implies „the act of dying with a superior”, as the wife with her husband, the slave with his master, the attendant with his lord. This word is probably derived from Billa, C. 478, a sacrifice of animals to demons, or an offering made in honour of deceased ancestors. In Malay it means to accompany in death; the voluntary sacrifice of a woman at the funeral of her husband—or it may come from Béla, C. 418, power, strength, force, might. Kridd Béla, ar: misfortune, evil, hurt. *) experimentum, tentamen, difficultas, aerumna, afflic- tio, Freytag.) Béla-än, to support, to give assistance to, to maintain, to succour. Bela-ún paih, to support, to succour even unto death; this expression is still frequently heard in the mouths of our mountaineers, and is most likely derived from Buddhist or Hindu times when the wife sacrificed herself on the funeral pile of her husband, Bélabur, spread out, scattered. Bélai, injury, calamity. Jauh belai, out of harm’s reach, Bélang, pie-bald, party-coloured, black and white. Kuda belang, a pie-bald horse. Bélang wayung Hyang, name of a supernatural dog in the Manek Maya, formed from the dirt washed from the body of Wayu Myang with rice water. This dog was le { 50 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE black with a streak of white extending from the tip of his nose, along the ridge of his back, to the extreme point of his tail. Raffles Vol 2. appendix. Bëlëdog, the report of a gun, or of fireworks, as of Crackers. Bëlëdug, a loud hollow sound, as of some object or body falling. Bëlëdug, Ketan rice boiled in a Cocoanut along with the pulp, and thus making a mixture. Bélék, having sore, weak and watery eyes. Bëlëkék, a snipe. Scolopax. BElékér, the third time of consecutively planting the same bit of cleared forest land. The third year's crop of Paddy off such land. Bëlékéun, having cracked and sore soles of the feet. BElët, stupid, dull at learning. Bëlëétok, to explode, to make aloud report in firing off, splitting or bursting. Beletok: bai bedil bitu, the gun went off with a loud explosion. Batu na kabeuleum beletok baï beulah, the stone being exposed to fire split with a loud report. Béling, broken earthenware pounded fine to clean iron with, especially knives. Bë&lo, a young horse still retaining its shagoy coat. Bélot, round about, ecircuitous. Jalan bélot, a round about road. Bëlu, disgusted, having an aversion, wearied and vexed. Bëlud, a kind of eel living in boggy earth. Béludru, Portuguese Veludo, Velvet. Jamang beludru, a velvet jacket. Bëémbëm, a fruit resembling a mangga. (Kabambam, Batavia). Bénang, sewing thread. Bënchar, split, cracked open. Béndi, a gig, a bugey. Bëéndu, anger, passion, wroth, rage, impetuosity of temper, Crawfurd calls it Malay. Bëndung, to stop the course of water by dams or other means. Bëndungan, a dam or embankment to retain water. Bënér, true, right, genuine, real. Straight, exact. Bénërkën, to adjust, to put in order, to correct. Bëng, the idiomatic expression of throwing or flinging. Bëng'ang, the venereal disease; the name of a tree with fruit like that of the Durian or Kadu. Bëng’auk, a hobgoblin; a term used to frighten children. Bëngbéng, said of the report of a gun. Bëngbëng, of even size throughout, as a bambu or log of wood, which is of even thick- ness throughout, The same as Bëbëng. Béngbëng, said of water which flows back towards its source, particularly in water ways which are not cut deep enough. AND ENGLISH. Dl Béngbréng, ina row, in a regular line. Mayo maka béngbréng, come stand up in a re- gular line. Bénggala, Bengal, Used in a vague sense as implying a distant country. The people have Paré benggala, Bengal paddy, and Chaw benggala, Bengal plantains, a name of which, however, they do not know the exact meaning. Béngkél, said of a Kawung palm tree, which yields little toddy. Bëngkër, the hooping in a circular fishing trap, which keeps it open, and prevents it from collapsing; a hoop—called also Seungkeur. Béngkok, erooked, not straight, curved. Bëngkung, bent or curved like any thin matter or plate which gives way to forces. Hump backed. Béngo, warped, bent, crooked, not flat and even. Béng'ong, stupidly gazing, dismayed. Béngsal, unlucky, not successful, luck coming with difficulty. Bëne’uk, a legumenons pod, also called koas. Bëning, clear, limpid, pellucid. This is properly Malay, and is seldom or never heard in conversation, but on Champéa is a river Chibening limpid river. Heérang is the usual Sunda word. Bënit, to be fond of women, always after the lasses. Bëntak, to scold, to speak roughly to, to frighten with fierce words. To shove roughly. Béntang, a star. Béntang timur, the Eastern or morning star. Béntang buntutan, a Comet, a star with a tail. Béntar, to become known, to gain publicity. Béntél, a Couple of handsfull of seedling paddy plants tied together. Béntëéli, a forest tree which gives a milky sap used for destroying worms in children, when it must be mixed with sugar and water. This is the best vermifuge which na- tives know. Bénténg, a fortification, a stockade, a battery, military trenches. Bénténg, the familiar name for Tangerang, 15 Pauls Southwest from Batavia, where the old Dutch company had a Bénténg or fort. Béntés, correct and clear in speaking, having good pronunciation. Béntik, bent like a sword, having a round bend; folding together by means of a joint or hinge. Bëntur, to dash, to knock, to joggle, to strike against. Bënyéng,a plant the root or bulb of which being scorched and bruised, is made up into small candles or torches. Bèr, the idiomatie expression of flying, as ber bai hiber kabéh, and away they all fiuttered and flew. 52 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Béra, many, plenty, abundant. Bérag, Hot with love; Elated, in high spirits. Bérëbut, to quarrel and scramble for any object; to snatch from another. Bérék, to be noisy, to babble. Ulah bérék, D'ont be noisy, keep quiet. Bérékah, propitious, favourable, prosperous, blessed with success. Bérëkat, ar: lucky, blessed. Berekhat Allah, the blessing of God. Having in supera- bundance, more than we can get through; vietuals remaining unconsumed at a feast. Enough and to spare Bérökéké, a disease in growing paddy caused by a worm. Bérés, in even and neat order, pretty, handsome. Bërod, the name of a scaleless river fish. Bérod, confounded, in a mass, as Ktamat berod, things are in a miserable plight. Bes, the idiomatie expression of forcing in or stabbing. Bëäsësët, to eram or force into a small aperture. Bëésot, slipped out, sprung out, come out with force, Bët, the idiomatic expression of cutting through at one slap, as of small trees or twigs. Bëtah, to have pleasure in, to be gratified with, to have a delight in. Bétan, as, like to, similar to. Pantan in Malay- Marsden Page 230, like, as, resembling probably vof the same origin. Bëötok, name of afish in swamps, which is hard-lived, and survives long even out of water. Bëtus, split, broken, particularly when by breaking any liquid flows out. Bëéubër, a sash or belt worn round the loins, to keep the body firm whilst either wal- king or at work. All natives wear a béubër Bëubëuntèuran, name of a variety of grass. Böubëéuréum éndog, the yolk of an egg. Béubëut, to dash, to smash against any thing, as a tiger would smash its prey against a tree or rock Bëéu-ëus, wet, moist, wet in a less degree than Baseuh. Bëuhëung, the neck; Stket beuheung up to the neck, as far as the neck. Béuhngar, Rich, affluent, having abundant possessions. Sugt ku pikór beuhngar ku akal, rich in thought, affluent in device. Bëukah, open, expanded, as a flower or seed head; particularly said of Paddy when the ears shoot out. Béukas, mark, trace; said of a gun which has been shot oft, and leaves the trace of the powder. Bëuki, to have an appetite for, to relish, to desire to eat, to be fond of any act even other than eating. Zo beukt ka na kéjo, he does not like rice. Used also figuratively as: Sok beurt bohong, he is fond of lying. Beukt kolot beuki bang'or, the older he gets the worse he is. Beuki in this latter sense is the more. AND ENGLISH. De) Bëéukrëéuh, eoiled, or huddled in a heap, as a person or animal asleep, any thing lying in a heap in a hole. Bëulah, split, divided; to split, to cleave, to rend; Part, portion, side, quarter. Kvi- dently derived from Bila, C. 478, a fssure, a rent, a perforation. Iyo suluh kudu di beulahan, this fire wood must be split up. Papan na beulah, the plank is split. Sa beulah ti wetan, on the Hast side. Beuleum, to burn, to consume with fire. Bëuli, to buy, to purchase ; hanto kabeuli, 1 c'ant buy it, or literally it cannot be bought (by me). Béulit, a turn or hitehof a rope or string; entangled; twisted or twined round. Kabeu- lit, entangled by a rope getting twisted round. Béunang, to get, to obtain, to get possession of. Beunang na, what is got, the thing obtained. . Bëunëur, fulland good as grain or seed. Applied figuratively to any thing which turns out well and satisfactory. Bilany beuneur, truly said, no mistake. Pare na beuneur, the paddy is full in the grain. Béunëur héjo, said of growing paddy, when the husks are full, but the grain still green. Béung’éut, the face of man or animal; the countenance. Bëungkak, swollen or risen slightly, as rivers by rain. Béungkëut, a parcel or bundle, any thing tied together, as firewood, Paddy, vegeta- bles etc. Di beungkeut, to tie together, to tie up. Bëéuntah, awake, with the eyes open. Bëuntas, to break down, to demolish. Beuntas pager, to break down the fence, to exceed one's authority, to use unlawful violence. Bëéuntéur, a small fish in the rivers or in ponds, of a yellowish tinge. Barbus binola- tus. Bëéunyëur, small broken rice, the grains which are broken in pounding or grinding. Bëéunying, a variety of wild fig tree. Ficus fistulosa. Bëurang, in the day time, the day time in contradistinction to night. Also applied as indicating an advanced period in the day, towards noon, and thus not very early in the morning. Early, not at a late period. Bëurat, heavy in weight; also used figuratively to indicate affection for any one. Bara, C. 461, heavy, weighty, important, of consequence. Batu beurat a heavy stone. Beu- rat ka anak éwé, having an affection for child and wife. Bëurat sangga, said of ripening paddy, heavy on the stem. Béuréum, Red; verbally Ngabeureuman, to make red, that is to make any one ashamed of himself, to worst an adversary. 54 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Béuréum buntut == Red- tail, name of a fish in the rivers. Béuréum pipi = Red-cheeks, name of a fish in the rivers. Bëurit, a mouse, a rat. Béusi, Iron. Bewust Purasani, the loadstone. The word Purasani is probably a corrup- tion of khorasani, which at Page 125 of Marsden’s Dictionary is interpreted asa Per- sian word meaning „fine tempered steel of Khorasan.” Bëuténg, stopped, left off, as any work or oecupation. Said of a person who has lost a situation or occupation. Ceased from employment. Béutëung, the belly, Nyirt beuteung , belly-ache. Bëutéung, properly Adt beuteung, which see. Beuti, any yam or bulbous root; any bulb growing in the ground, at a root. Béwat, a fine, to punish by fining. Applied also to government exactions, which are looked upon as fines or impositions. Béwok, a long and shaggy beard. Béwok, an insect resembling a Jangkrik; a kind of cricket. Bëwuk, a bird like an owl. Béya, same as Béa, which see. Custom, duty, toll, Béyé, soft, moist and easily giving way to pressure. Approaching a liquid state. Bi, an abbreviation of the word Bibi, aunt, which see, Biang! is an exclamation of surprise, either denoting fear or admiration. Also denoting mistrust, and at the same time half putting the question: Do you think Tam such a fool as to believe you? This word is probably of Sanserit origin, and would be properly re- presented by abh hyang! which will mean „the Profound Divinity.” „The superla- tive divinity” Abhi, C. 89 is a preposition implying similarity, before (in the presen- ce of), separation, severally, wish, desire; also, Conjunction, as belonging to, with respect to ete. Abhi in Compound words implies very, emphatic, before, as Abhikkan- ta, C. 59 from Abi, very, kanta, good excellent, good in the highest degree. Abhi- nya, C. 39 from abi very, nya Knowledge, profound knowledge, supernatural ac- guirements. And in the same manner we may form Abhi hyang, the most excellent Divinity, the supernatural Divinity. So also may be explained the name of Abiasa, one of the early sovereigns of Java, see Raffles Vol 2. P. 80. from Yasa, C. 572, fame, glory, celebrity, renown, thus Abhi-yasa, renowned in the highest degree. So likewise in the words Abiseka, which is still current on Bali for the amointing of the Rajahs. Abhi-seka, C. 40 from Abhi before, Sikta sprinkling, an anointing, roy- al unetion; Sikta, C. 780 from Siecha to sprinkle, and kata affinitive-sprinkled, wet- ted. Abhirupa, abhi, emphatic, Lupa, beautiful, extremely beautiful (26). (26) Hyang, so written, is no Sanskrit; the composition of such a word with a Skt. particle, abhi AND ENGLISH. 53 To return to the Sunda language we have Bianglala a Rainbow. Lala, C. 604 wa- vering, unsteady, fickle, Abhi-hyang-lala, the most excellent divinity who wavers or is fickle, from the evanescent nature of the rainbow. Abhi-hyang has here again been contracted into Biang. Raffles gives Yang-lalah for the Rainbow in Balinese. That the Sundaese no longer dream of the real meaning of the word Biang! which is nevertheless so often in their mouths, is no wonder, seeing that they have been so long converted to Mohammedanism, and all that they almost know of the former wor- ship of their forefathers is comprehended in the words 4gama Buda. Bianglala, the Rainbow, see above voce Biang. Vide Katumbiri, Biar, the dawn of day, sun-rise. Barang Diar, just at dawn. Bias or Biyas, Cast away, lost the way; said either of a man losing himself in a fo- rest or wilderness, or of a man at sea driven to unknown parts by storm. Biya, C. 418, fear, terror, alarm, dread; asa, C. 69, wish, desire, hope- and thus a mixture of dread and hope, which a man tempest driven will have. Bibi, Paternal or maternal aunt, when younger than our father or mother. A term of respect for any woman who is younger than ourselves. Bibit, seed, any thing used for planting to procure a coming crop. Used also to denote any female animal for breeding, especially a buffaloe as kebo bibit, a breeding buf- faloe. The origin or commencement of any thing. Capital, money invested in any undertaking or speculation-see anak. Bibitungan, name of a variety of grass. Bidal, a thimble. Bidara, a common tree growing near the sea coast. Zizyphus Jujuba. Bidara, C. 471. a small species of Jujube. Bidara-laut, the sea-shore Bidara. Different from the foregoing one. The wood being dried and grated is mixed with water, and given to children for a variety of com- plaints. lt acts as a bitter tonic. Biduri, Opal. Bhidura, C. 494 the thunder bolt of Indra. Biduri is probably the fe- minine of this word. Bigëul, deaf and dumb. Bijil, go out, come out; the act of coming out from any cover or place, Bijil ti (mah, to come out of the house. Bijil t jero taneukh, to come up out of the ground. Au- du bijil, you must come out. Bijilan, what comes out. Bijilan ti chat, what comes out of the water. Bijilkën, to cause to come out, to turn or drive out. Bijil pamautan, said of growing paddy; the last leaf which comes out, being the one would give quite an hybridous word. Abiasa is the old Muni Wyása (the redactor, of the holy litterature of the Hindus) and who was related to the heroes of the great war. Abkinya is Skt. abhijnyd. 56 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE. under which, in cutting, the straw is snapped, and which is then pulled off- di pavt. Bikang, female, a woman, the good wife. In many parts of the country Bikang is not applied to a woman but reserved for animals, especially Buffaloes. This is the case about Buitenzorg. Bikëéun, to give, to hand over. Biko, stupid, foolish. Bila, occurs only in the expression Apa bila, whenever, at the time when, which thongh properly Malay, is sometimes heard in Sunda. Both Marsden and Crawfurd give Bila as Sanscrit meaning: Time, point of time, when, at the time that. It is probably the same as Wela C. 672 Time. Bilang, to count, to tell over, to reckon, to number. Jélema na bilang heula, count the people first. Probably Bila—see above—with the Polynesian ng suffixed. Bilangan, an account, enumeration, to be of account or value. To hasup bilangan, it cannot be taken into account; it is not of the number. This word is sometimes pro- nounced Wilangan. Bilatung, maggots, worms in putrifying flesh. Bilatungan, having maggots in the flesh, Bilik, split and platred bambus to answer the purpose of partitions; bambus so wattled answer the purpose of boarding for houses and buildings. Bilis, a small sea fish, not larger than a minnow, now and then appearing in great swarms off the South Coast of Bantam; after them a small island off the South coast of Bantam is called Pulo Bilis. Engraulis Grayi. Bilis Alanat or more correctly Zblis lanat, which is arabie and means the „ Devils cur- se.” An opprobrious answer to any one, amounting to our—,,go to the Devil.” Billahi, arabie, by God! Biluk, to veer or turn round; in sea language, to luff up, to beat to windward. Bima, name of the Kast end of Sumbawa, noted for its good horses. Kuda Bima, a Bi- ma horse. Bima, C. 494 Bhima a name of Siwa, he who inspires terror, from Bhima, fear, terror. Bima, a son of Pandu and Déwi Kunti, one of the five Pandus in the war of the Mahabarat. Bimbang, properly Malay, but sometimes made use of; being overelated with joy; so pleased as to forget your daily occupations or what you are about. Said of a person in love who hardly knows what he or she is about. Bin, arabic, the son of. Á contraction of Ibn. Mohammad bin Hassan, Mohammad the son of Hassan. Bina, very, excessive as Kabina-bina teuyn, that is carrying the thing to an extreme, or being execessively troublesome, or going further than necessary. Binchurang, the bone which goes up the front part of a man's leg, from the ankle to the knee. The Tibia. AND ENGLISH. 57 Bingbing, a small variety of dwarf Palm, growing wild in jungle. Areca humilis or _ Pinanga Kuhli. Bingkëng, bent, curved. Binglu, a sort of wild mangga. Mangifera—hardly fit to cat. Bing'ung, confounded, troubled in mind, embarrassed, perplexed. Binih, seedling paddy plants meant for transplanting; such seedlings ready for transplan- ting. Seed meant to be planted. Binone, name of a plant, Bucida nitida, Crawfurd, This word occurs in the name of ) an Dueie and post station between Batavia and Buitenzorg, called Chibinong. Bintara, the ancient name of the district now called Demak. Bintara in Javanese is the name of a sweet scented grass. Rafftes Vol 2 P. 124, Bintinu, name of a tree. Visenia umbellata. Binw-angan, name of a district on the south coast of Bantam. In some malay coun- tries in Sumatra Binuwang is a species of deer, and Binuwangan would be a place abounding in deer. Marsden P. 51. Biola, a fiddle. The native way of pronouncing Viola =a violin. Birah, a wild plant, with broad leaf like Bolang; a variety of Arum. Birët, said of knotty wood with the grain so twisted as not to be able to split it. See Burtt. Birëungo, to inspect, to view. \ Biribisan, a slight sprinkling of rain; a few small drops of rain, the commencement of rain; to rain liehtly. Bhira, and Bhiru, C. 494/5. fearful, timid. This may be the etymon, and then the word will imply rain enough to give a fright. Birit, the rump of man or beast. Biru, fuss, uncalled for interference. Only heard in the expression ngadu biru, to med- dle with matters which do not concern one. Biru is probably the sameas Birwma, C. 413 barking, the final ma is only constructive, and adu birw, would then be, to squab- ble with barking (like dogs). [ef. sub voce adu, and the Note]. Biru, name of a plant. Colocasia odorata. Biruluk, a small dwarf cocoanut, the nut injured in its growth. Birus, as di birus, to strip young growing paddy, in order to getat the stem, to make _a child’s pipe or ole- ole- an. The young stems so stripped. Bisa, able, clever, skilled, learned. Can, to be able, to havethe power. Zo bisa, I can- not, Id'ont know how. This word is also, no doubt, of Sanscrit origin, though Clough does not give the word in the shape of simply Bisa or Wisa. He, however, gives wi- sakunu Page 663, a Pandit, a learned man, as derived from wichakshana Page 648, a Pandit, a learned man, clever, able, wise (27). (27) Bisa and biása (to be accustomed) I consider to be the same word. I d'ont recollect if this interpretation has been given by others before me, at least I found it already myself some 10 years 8 58 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Bisa, poison, venom; wisa, C. 663 poison, venom. Bisi, in case that. Bist to hadé, for fear it should not be richt. Bismilah irahman irahim, as pronounced by the Sunda people, being the Arabic invocation at the commencement of any work or undertaking. It is used especially at the beginning of prayers, and means „In the name of God the merciful and com- passionate”’. Bisnu, the Vishnu of Hindu mythology. As the word sometimes occurs in Jampê's, it may be well to copy over Clough's account of him at page 662. Wishnu (wisa, to bi enter, to pervade the universe) one of the three principal Hindu deities, and the pre- server of the world, during the periods of temporary annihilation, he is supposed to sleep in the waters, floating on the serpent Sesha;, Brahma is fabled to have sprung je p o from a lotus, which grew from the navel of Vishnu, and the holy river Ganges is said to spring from his foot; the different avatars or awataras are considered as emanations of this deïty; and in Krishna he is supposed to have been really and wholly incarnate; P] he is usually represented as a mild and benevolent deity. The name is also written Wisnu, C. 665. Bisoro, a kind of fig tree- Ficus hispida. Bisu, dumb, unable to speak. Bisul, a boil, an inflammatory swelling under the skin. Bita, delight, pleasure. Bita, C. 474, and Bhita C. 495, fear, alarm, apprehension, ter- ror, dread- see Jagabita. This word appears in Java to have somewhat altered its meaning, which may have oceurred from a misconeeption of the real meaning, which is an alarm, say lest something bad might occur, and hence has been taken to ex- press delight, see kabita. The alarm at loss or injury being stronger with the native than the manifestation of delight, when in the enjoyment of any advantage. Bitis, the lower part of the leg, from the knee downwards. The leg. Bitu, to go off as a gun, to make a loud report, to explode. Bedil to daiken bitu, the gun would not go off. Bitung, a variety of bambu, with thick wood, good for posts. Biwir, the lips; Biwir mata, the eye lids- called in Malay Bibir. Loba teuyn biwir sia, you have a vast deal of jaw; too much to say. Biyo, just now, a little time ago. Composed of the particle Be (vide), and iyo this. Biyuk, stinking, putrid. CM biyuk, stinking river. Biyur, an idiomatic expression indicative of birds flying away in aflock, or animals run- ning away in a crowd. Blak, an idiomatie expression of flinging oneself down before another, as to ask for par- ar onl © 5 Js . . don and surrendering oneself. Blak nangkarak, he throw himself down on his back. ago. Piása now is abhydsa, practice, exercice, (Wilson); from as with the preposition abh studere, studiose facere (Westergaard). Fr. AND ENGLISH. 59 Blas, the idiomatic expression for counting between 10 and 20, corresponding to the En- glish teen and Dutch tien. See Weêlas. Sablas 11- Duablas 12- Salapanblas= 19. Blëg, the idiomatie expression applied to any thing thrown down with a dull bluff sound. Bl&ng, the idiomatie expression of throwing away or down. Bleng bai di picheun, and away he flung it. Blës, the idiomatie expression of stabbing, as of a kris thrust up to the hilt. Blés kasian, properly Malay, but still frequently used in Sunda, especially when fa- vors are asked. Pity and compassion. Mayang neda bles kasian tuan, 1 entreat sir your pity and ecompassion. Blok, the idiomatie expression of breaking off in large pieces. Blok ba somplak, and a large lump split off. Blok, ground which is soft and muddy so that the legs sink in and are with difficulty withdrawn. Jalan na blok naker, the road was very deep in mud. Blug, the idiomatic expression of falling on any thing and covering it up. Blug bai di tubruk, inging himself upon it he seized it. Bo-äh, a word expressive of doubt or uncertainty; it may be; perhaps. It may not be. Mohal datang boöh, he perhaps will not come. Kabéh boüh kudu leumpang, I fancy all must go away. Zo hade boäh, tapi to nyaho, itis perhaps not right, but I do not know. Bobo, rotten, giving way from decay. Bobo, to go to sleep, said of a child. Bobogohan, to have pleasure in; to begin to court a woman. Bobok, to cut a hole into any thing which is hollow, as a Cocoanut, bambu , hollow tree &c. Boboko, a small circular bambu or wicker basket, especially for holding boiled rice. Lt is smaller at bottom than at top and not providdd with a cover. When it has a cover made to fit on the top it is called Swumbul. Kudu néang boboko we must get hold of the rice basket, a sly way of intimating a wish to have something to eat. Geus mo- jeuhna nang boboko, it is high time to look out for the rice basket- thus to eat. Bobokong, the buttocks, the groin, that part of the back along the back bone- see Bokong. Bobontos, the wooden sheath of a kris, that part which covers the blade, from the Da- daun towards the tip. Bobontot, said of fisb freshly caught in the river, and tied up in long grass, to be sent to a distance, and keep fresh. Boboréh, a fragrant or coloured wash, either yellow or white, rubbed on the body, on occasions of ceremony, especially at marriages. Boborokokën, to call the neighbours together, to help to perform any work, as plan- ting out paddy or the like, and not paying them in money but giving atreat of Bu- bur or the like. Boboso, a fish in the rivers of the South coast of Bantam. The spawn develops in the sea to fish, which then ascend the rivers to remain there ever after. Resembles the méng'a, which see. | 60 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Bobot, a weight in the scales for weighing cotton. Bochor, leaky- Prahu na bochor , the boat is leaky. Figuratively to disclose a secret, to blab. Bodas, white. Bodi, see Anchak. Bodhi, C. 481 knowledge, intellect, omniscience, the state of being a Buddha. The Holy fig tree. Bodo, a method of preparing fish, by allowing it to partially decay, and then salting it. Bodu, C. 479—boiled or cooked rice, Bodo, silly, stupid, simple. Often used to express simply „not having knowledge”, though the person may otherwise not be stupid. Bodor, a Buffoon; the man who, at any exhibition, causes merriment. The mountebank of a set of players in a gang of ronggengs, or a set of angklung-players. Boéëh, white cloth used for wrapping up the dead previous to burial. Bogah, possessed of, having, owning. Corresponds with the Malay word Punta. Bogah batur, to have a companion. Bogah mah, to own a house. Bogo, a variety of fish, a kind of small gabus. Bogoh, having pleasure in any thing, delighted, elated with joy or love. Bogol, name of a piece of bambu tied to the wrists of a man in charge of the police, to prevent his escape. Same as Lambalung, which see. Bogor, the native name of the place called „ Buitenzorg” by the Dutch. Intelligent na- tives can give no interpretation to the meaning of the word. Mogor is to run about after a women, and in a substantive form would become Bogor, but the natives do not appear to attach this meaning to it. It is the residence of the Governor General of Netherlands India. Bohak, laid open and gaping, like a wound from any cutting instrument. Bohong, to lie, to tell alie: afalsehood. Utah sok beukt bohong, D'ont tell so many lies. Boja Nagara, that part of the north coast of Bantam which terminates in St. Nicholas Point. The same words in Javanese form are Bojo Negoro, an assistant Residency belonging to Rembang. Bojo in Javanese has several meanings, viz, a wife; food or provisions; the chief, the principal, whatever is of most importance. This word is most probably derived from Bajanaya, C. 455. association, union, embracing, an em- brace, or Bojun C.479 or Bojuna, C.481, food, eating, provisions. Nagara, C. 306- a town, a city. It means thus a town where food is in plenty, or a town fit to be looked upon as a wife and be cherised. The people at Bojo Negoro in Rembang have an idea that the name of their place implies aspot where food and the means of sub- sistance are in plenty. Bojo kromo implies in Javanese, real hospitality. Raffles Vol „1. P. 101. (Skr. Bhoja, acountry, Patna or Bhagalpur; bhojya, food; bhojana, food; eating. Fr.) Bojong, the land contained within the sharp turn of a river, or stream of water. Land projecting into water, a promontory; also an islet in a river, AND ENGLISH. 61 Bokérkën, to open or split up; often applied to large fruits that divide in cloves. To open a slokan or water course by removing sand and other sediment, which has ac- eumulated at its mouth. Bokong, to take a weight upon the back; to carry a load upon the backbone; to set the rump against any thing for the purpose of pryzing it up or shoving it along- see Bobokong. Bokor, a brass basin or bowl. It may not improbably be derived from Boku, C. 479, the hand bent as if to receive water; a piece of cloth, or any thing that is pliable, as a leaf, a piece of paper &c bent into a hollow shape, as a Sugar peper &c. Bolang, a kind of wild Arum growing in swampy places, which the Chinese often boil up and give to pigs. Boléd, a small native yam or potatoe; same as Mantang. Convolvulus Batatas. Bolodog, a half amphibious fish, found on the sea shores of Java, sometimes in the pools of half stagnant water, and sometimes-crawling up on the sand and mud, in which it burrows. Chironectes. Bolong, having a hole in it, as a bag, basket, boat &c. Bolong’'or, awake but not sensible, in a sort of trance. So far awake from sleep, that the eyes are open, and seeing what is going on, without their owner having the power to move. Bolongsong, a rope or halter with one end adapted to fit a horse’s head. Bonang, a musical instrument belonging to the Gamelan. It is a frame in which cords are firmly stretched, and on which a number of small brass pots are set which are tapped with a wooden hammer. Bonchénang, said of well filled fruit. Bonchérét, staring, agog. Bondol, name of a small bird, with dark brown body, and white head. Bondoroyot, as Sabondoroyot, a collection of immediate relatives. Our near relations; called also Saboronjotan. Bonéka, Portuguese, a child’s doll. Bong’an, your fault, you are to blame; carelessly, without thought, without due consi- deration. Bong'an sia pandeuri, it is your fault that you are left behind. Bong’bok, ahole in a tree or in a post. Any snug deep hole in which to stow anything away. À chimk. Bougbong, an opening made in jungle, tall grass &c, a clear passage. Bongbong, said to a child which has difficulty in swallowing, with a view to induce it to disgorge. Bongborotan, a hole or small opening to peep through. Bonggan, look out for yourself, take care of your own matters. Bongkar, to tear open, to pull roughly to pieces. To upheave, to take the contents out of a prow or boat, 62 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE. Bongkék, small and dwarf, said of a man. Bongkok, erooked, mostly with old age; hump-backed. Bongkokan, the curved beam of a Chinese plough to which the buffaloe is yoked. Bongkonol, a variety of bambu, thin and slight in stem. Bongkonol, a variety of Pandan growing wild among the mountains, the leaves of which are used for tying up Java Sugar. Bongkor, a man not able to pay rent; land, as asawah, usually planted left uneultiva- ted. Bongkor Pajeg, unable to pay Pajëg or the fixed rent. Bongkot, the thick end of any thing, as of a stick or piece of wood. The lower and almost solid end of a stick of bambu. The piece of wood fixed in the handle of any implement, to hold it by. Bongsor, young but grown large. Said of either man, animals or plants, which though still young have grown up to a large size. Budak bongsor, a lad who is big for his age. Penyakit Bongsor. The small pox. Bonténg, Cucumbers. Cucumis melo- much planted in the upland Paddy lands called humah, and in the Sawahs, as asecond crop, when the paddy has been cut. Bonténg Suri, a variety of the Cucumber. The Queen's cucumber ? Bontot, a tree or stick which has been burnt, and one end remains unscathed- that un- seathed end is the Bontot. The fag end of a Sigar that has been smoked and thrown away. Any thing which has been burnt and a stump left, as in a wood fire, the fag ends. Bo-ol, the anus. Bopati, see Bupati. Bopong, name of the colour of a horse, being a fawn colour, or intermediate between white and brown. Bor, agimlet, a borer, an auger, a centre piece. It is the Dutch word Boor which has the same meaning. Borak, or Al-borak, the Lightning in Arabic. The supernatural steed on which Mo-- hammed pretended to make night- journeys to Jerusalem and heaven. Borangan, afraid, timid, fearful. Borélang, variegated in color, having several colors on the same ground. The word is also applied to the tiger royal, as having a striped hide brown and black. | Boro, to run after, to pursue, to go to any one or to any place, to approach. Boro ampar, quite impossible, ridiculous to think of it. Boro tëuyn, foorsooth, quite impossible. It is quite out of the question. Boro Budur, the name of the remains of a magnificent Hindu tempel in the Residency of Kadu, where Buddha is frequently represented. Bara becomes in Javanese Boro- Bara, C. 461, surrounding, encompassing, heavy, weighty, important, of consequence. Bhudr in Hindi, happy, prosperous, propitions. Calcutta Review No. 18 Page 384. „The Great Propitious”. Or Budur may be an abbreviation of Budu-raja. Budu, C, AND ENGLISH. 63 475 the Elu or ancient form of Buddha; Raja, Kine. Boro Budu Raja, the Great King Bud- dha, elided into Boro Budur; or it may mean the encompassing of King Buddha, from the place having perhaps originally been the depository of some relie of Buddha, as such relies were highly valued, and sent every where and preserved wherever Buddhism made its way, and preserved in Dagabas or Domes. The temple of Boro Budur is surroun- ded by many such Dagabas, with an extra large one in the centre, which has been evidently intended for such a Dagaba. Dagaba, C. 264 from Dá or Dâta,a bone and Gaba from Garbbha the womb, a large solid building in the form of a Cone raised close to the Buddhist temples, and is an object of the highest veneration. The erection of these Dagabas had its origin in the fable that after the death of Buddha, his body, accor- ding to the custom of the country where he lived, was burnt. After the conflagra- tion had ceased, certain portions cf his bones had survived the operation of the fire; these were carefully collected and deposited with great pomp and solemnity by the priests in a building of this kind, raised for the purpose; afterwards, these sacred re- lies were divided, and sent over the world, for the purpose of religious veneration; every temple had its Dagaba, and every dagaba has a portion of these bones. (28). Borobot, expressive of the sound of any thing giving way, and about to break, as a dam of earth, a fence, or of an animal rushing out of the jungle. Boroboi, name of a tree Gynotroches axillaris, of the family of Guttiferae. Borocho, a plant, the Celosia argentea of Blume, of the family of Amaranthaceae. It has a red stem and leaf, and isa pretty object ina garden. Often planted by the na- tives in their humahs. Borok, ulcerated breaking out in scabs. Borokosokol, a variety of small Cockroach-a Blatta. Borolog, great in size; said of grain, particularly Paddy. Borong, to take work by the piece, to buy whole sale; to undertake anything on a large scale; Tah borong sia baï that's your look out. Borongan, is any work or undertaking taken by the piece- a set task. Boronjotan, a collection of immediate relations. Saboronjotan habéh geus kumpul di lwmbur, all the relations of one family are collected together in the village. Boronyodkèn, to extricate apedaty or Cart which has stuck fast in mud, or in a hole by helping out with extra buffaloes. Boros, the inner and tender shoots of certain plants, particularly of Schitamineae, and of the Plantain, which are eaten raw or cooked. Bosën, disgusted with, tired of, said of anything which one has to satiety, loathing. (28) Bara in Kawi is a large number (hundred millions) like the Ser. arbuda; budur is also cal- led Budo, and the word might mean »the innumerable Buddhas”, there having been about 900 large figures of Buddha. Fr. 64 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Botékak, belly overfull, the belly distended to excess with food, Botol, a Bottle, from the Dutch word Bottel. Boyobos, soft and unresisting, anything which gives way when worked amongst. Boyongan, a captive, a person held in durance. Brai, the idiomatie expression of the dawn of day, of a glimpse being caught of anything. Brai beurang, and the day dawned. Wat peuting hénéh hayang gerrah brai, how long the night lasts, IL wish the day would dawn. Brai túmbong 1 caught a glimpse of it. Bral, the idiomatie expression of setting out on a journey, of making a start to proceed. Geus Bral, they are gone. Brama, a Hindu God. The following is taken from Clough’s dictionary Page 483. De- rived from Braha or Wraha, to increase. According to the Vedas and doctrines of the indus, the divine cause and essence of the world, from which all created things are supposed to emanate, and to which they return. The unknown God; a celebrated Hindu deity; Brahma is generally reckoned the chief of the gods and ranks first in the Hindu Triad, and is the operative creator of the world, hence heis frequently styled the grandfather of both gods and men, he is represented in their temples as having four faces of a golden colour, dressed in white garments, and riding on a goose; in one hand he holds a stick, and in the other a Patra or alms dish. Brawijaya, a name given to the ancient kings of Majapahit. Bara, C. 461, heavy, weighty, important of consequence. Wijaya, C. 644, from wi implying intensity, and and ji to conquer; victory, triumph, conquest. Miehty and victorious. (29). Brébopati, a Javanese title of high rank, but now adays in little use. Bara, C. 461, heavy, weighty, of importance, or Brahat, C. 483, large, great, vast, and Bupati, vide voce. Thus supreme master or world-lord. Bréd, a yearning after woman; Budak bréd perlénté, a young man who snuffles after the girls, and is a coxeomb withall. Brëg, the idiomatie expression of flinging anything down on the ground, or of anything giving way and falling to the ground. Bréh, the idiomatic expression of sight or view, as Bréh bat témbong and lo! it came into sight. See ébréh. Brëm, a fermented liquor made from rice, with sundry additions to give it relish or strength. Brèng, smut on corn, on coffee trees or other plants, ltisa disease on coffee trees im- (29) Bra is till now on Bali a name of the godhead; see Bra galungan, Usana Bali pp. 316. 327. 369. (Tydschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië. XIde jaargang. 3de deel). We must not wonder to find this word as a title of the Kings of Majapahit, the name bhatára being employed in the same way. Tr. AND ENGLISH. 65 parting to the leaves and branches a black pellicle, whilst at the axillae of the fruit a white smut sets itself, which causes the berries to rot and fall off. Brésih, clean, clear; said both naturally and figuratively. Brésihan, to make clean; also applied to a child which is cireumcized, in the sense of to make pure, according to Mohammedan law. Brésin, to sneeze. Brëum, an insect called in Enelish- a lady- bird; a small coleopterous insect, the Cocci- nella. Bri, to thrash, to pitch into, to belabour. Bro, the idiomatie expression of giving way, either breaking up easily of itself, or when any force is applied. Bromo, the Javanese way of pronouncing Brama. The name of an active volcano among the Téngger mountains. Bromo in Kawiis Fire, This Volcano, the Bromo, is frequently in a state of combustion. Bruk, a large Cocoa nut shell used as a measure for any grain &c. Such a shell is more than half the nut, often with only one end cut off. Brul, the idiomatie expression of moving off in numbers, as a herd or flock. Also said of weeds or any plants which easily pull up out of the ground. Bruwang, a bear. Not known on Java, except as brought from Sumatra or Borneo as a rarity. Ursus Malayanus. Buah, fruit, grain- any projecting substance on the body which by its rotundity suggests the idea of fruit. MZujan buah, fruit- rain, the name given by natives to hail, which now and then though rarely occursin Java. Buah Kayu, tree fruit; Buah paré, Pad- dy fruit, the Paddy grain. Buahan, to bear fruit, as upon a tree or plant. Buah birit, the round of the rump. Buah bitis, the calf of the leg- litteraly the fruit of the leg. Buana, the universe, the world. Bhuwana C. 496 from BAu, to be; a world, water, heaven; a man, mankind. (See Buwana.) ie Buana pancha téng’ah. This mid world. Buang, to banish, to transport for an offence. Has a common meaning with the Malay word Bwang, which is also to throw away, in which restricted sense the Sunda peo- ple do not use it; but employ the word Picheun. Buät, to cut paddy: by snapping off each ear against a peculiar little blad of iron fixed to the hand, and which is called étém. Bubèër pasar, the breaking up of a market, the period when the market or Pasar closes by the people going away. Bubu, or Buwu. a wicker or bambu trap set for fish in a river, Bubuahan, all kinds of fruit. 66 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Bubuai, a variety of Rattan, common in young jungle, but not fit for any use, as it soon dries and snaps. Calamus maximus. Bubuëuk, the round bambu circlet for the head, in native Tudungs or hats. Bubuhan, district, departement. Bubui, to cook by thrusting among hot ashes. Bubuk, a small worm which eats and destroys bambus after they have been cut. They eat through the tubes and cause them moulder away and be unfit for use. Bubuk, smashed, crushed to pieces. Anything ground or pounded fine. Bubuk kopi, Coffee ground for using. Bubulak, grazing ground, ground where the grass is short cropped. Bubur, Pap, rice or any other grain boiled well down till it is soft and watery, and being then mixed with sugar, is so eaten. Poultice for a wound. Buburak, to chace out of any place, out of a field or forest; to drive impetuously be- fore one. To hunt wild animals with dogs. Buburuh, to take wages to do any work; to work for wages. Buburuh nyatu, di upah béas, taking pay for eating, heis still rewarded with rice: a Sunda proverb, for doing every thing to the best advantage. Bubut, to turn wood or metal on a lathe. Zwukang bubut, a Turner. Bubutut, to go out in night time to take fish; the fish so caught is immediately broiled and eaten by the river side. Bubuwahan, fruits of various kinds. Fruits collectively. (See bubuahan). Buchak, muddy, dirty, mud sticking to the feet. (Batavian Malay béchek). Buda, Buddha; a name still retained by the Sunda people without any precise meaning, since they have become Mohamedans. They however still talk of dlam Buda, Bud- dhist times, as of an almost fabulous time, to which no definite meaning can attach. As a remnant of their old faith they still retain the Buddhist names for the days of the week, where Buda represents Wednesday, as in India. Itis not, however, every man who can enumerate these days of the week; only some of the more knowing. See Dité. Buda, C. 475, the planet Mercury. It may be useful to copy over here what Clouch gives at Page 415. Budha from Budha to know; the name of the founder of Buddhism, the religion which is professed by the Singhalese part of the population of Ceylon, the Burman empire, and several other nations of the Hast; a sage, a wise or learned man; a philosopher; any eminent or deified teacher. Great confusion has taken place among Sanserit writers and the Europeans who have followed them, by confounding Buddha which is a generie name for a wise man, a philosopher, with Buddha (Gautama) the son of Swddhodana, and the founder of the religion which goes by his name (30). (30) A similar confusion exists of Buddha, the planet Mercury, and the Buddha, the quite human AND ENGLISH. 67 Gautama Buddha died at Kusinara- Nuwara, near Oude at the age of 81 years, in the year before Christ 548. Budah, froth, foam. Budak, achild, a young person, either boy or girl; a lad, a lass, a slave. Budal, going away in numbers, or in acrowd; off, departed, removed, shifted quarters. Jélema na geus budal, the people have all gone away. Budëg, foolish, simple; also perversely doing what is wrong. Budèéng, a peculiar trap set to catch Jèlér fish. Budi, understanding, intellect. Zo bogah budi, he has no intellect- he is an idiot. Budi, C. 476. understanding, intellect, wisdom. (Skr. bwddhi). Budi-akal, resources, means of obtaining one's end. Bug, the idiomatic expression of lying down, Bugang, a dead carcass, any dead body of man or beast. Kembang bugang, a very stin- king plant in the jungle, Clerodendrum inerme. Churuk bugang, the middle finger. Bug-brug, thrown down carelessly in aheap; materials lying in heaps. Bugis, name of a people on the island of Celebes, considered the most enterprising of the Malayan race. Prahu Bugis, a Bugis trading boat or vessel. Soldado bugis, a Bugis soldier. Buhaya, an Alligator. Bu, C. 477, a demon, from Bhuta, a goblin; Haya, C. 786 a horse; a Demon-horse. (Jav. baja. Skr. bhaja is frightful, horrible, dreadful. The wu might have been interposed for the purpose of not losing the aspiration, h. Fr.) B ujal, the navel. Bujang, an unmarried young man. This is the name by which house-servants, and paid labourers of all desepriptions are now known, though mostly married and often old men. In native society before it was meddled with by foreigners or Europeans, young men served the parents of young girls for wives, as did the patriarchs of old; for example Jacob served Laban twice seven years for his daugthers Leah and Rachel. Genesis 29 Chap. Probably derived frgm Buja, C. 475, the hand, the arm, with the Polynesian ng suffixed; the hand or the arm taken to denote aid, assistance in work. Bujangga Manik, the name of Ratu Guriang, or the king of the moutain spirits. Bu- jangga means a serpent. In India the worship of serpents is adopted into the Brahminical system. In particular it is found in Cashmere. On Javaand Bali there existed an adoration of serpents (Vasuki) and the Bujangga’s appear originally to have been worshippers of reformer of Indian absurdities. Every body knows Buddha is not the name but the title acquired by the son of Cuddhodana. But Budha is one of the till now rather mysterious persons of unre- formed Hindu Mythology, whose coming into existence depends upon the decision at what time the week of seven days first was invented, or when the next planets became known to the Indians. Budha appears at the head of the lunar race of Kings of India. Fr. 68 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE serpents, who afterwards coalesced with thesectof Siwa, Bat. Trans. Friederich Vol. 23 Page 48. Bhujanga, Clough Page 495, from Bhuja, crooked, and anga, body, that is a ser- pent or snake. Bujuk, to coax, to cajole, to wheedle. Bujur, tha same as Jubur, the anus. Buk, the idiomatic expression of striking, either with the fist or with any implement, by shoving it against the object to be struck. Hence the word Zwmbuk which see. Buka, to open, to uncover, to expose. Open; space, breadth, what a thing opens out to. Lawang kudu di buka, the door must be opened. Masiyah na kudu di buka, its secret must be exposed. Buka na meunang sa asta, it opens out to the breadth of a cubit. Buka puasa, to break the fast, to eat after fasting; literally to open the fast. Buka upih, name of a bird in Sawahs or swamps. See upih. The bird is so called, because when on the ground, it is of a dirty dark color, and hardly perceived, but on flying up shows white under its wings, which is like the opening of an upih. Bukit, This word is properly Malay, and means a hill, not a mountain. It occurs in only two solitary instances in the Sunda districts, as applied to mountains, and these are the Bukit Tunggul and Bukit Jarian, two mountains in Bandong. Bukit Tunggul means „Stump Hib’; it is on the boundary line between the Pamanukan Estate and Sumêë- dang. The tradition of the country says that here was felled the tree which was to form the Prahu which is supposed to still exist in the adjoining Zangkuban Prahu, which see. The Bukit Tunggul is a rather conical hill and bears a rude resemblance to the stump of a fallen tree. It is strange that these solitary instances of Bukit should occur in the interior of the Sunda districts, surrounded by otherwise purely Sunda names. Had it been on the coast, we might have imagined some ancient Malay colony settled near it. As it now is, it looks as if the Sunda people had hunted a name out of a foreign language to designate a mountain which it appeared to them anomalous to call a Gunung, with the word Tungeuls stump of a tree, affixed to it. Buko, abook, derived from the Dutch work Boek, a book, and pronounced the same as the English word. Bukti, a possession, any thing valuable which is obtained; a fallof good luck. Ngabukti, the act of coming in possession. Buktiya, C. 475, a possession, an inheritance. Sia ngabaktì aing ngabukti, Do youmake offerings and 1 will appropriate them. (Bhukti, eating; possession, usufruct. Wilson). Buku, a knot in atree, a joint, articulation. The space between two joints of the hand. Buku paré, the joints in a paddy straw. Buku leungan, the joints of the hand. Bukur, having some tangible substance, which can be taken in the hand and examined, as distinct from air or water. Substance, contents, matter. Bukuran, having substance, something tangible. Omong éta bukuran, that talk conveys somethinx tangible. AND ENGLISH. 69 Bul, the idiomatic expression of coming up, as a man, fish or bit of wood from under water — the heavenly bodies from under the horizon. See Bulan, Timbul, Jëbul, Rabul. Bulak-balik, twisting and turning; laid alternate ways, as bottles laid neck to neck in a basket, Bambus laid side by side, the top of one along the root part of the other. Bulakan, a place where water bubbles up, an eddy, a whirlpool, Ngabulak, a forcible spring or jet of water. Bulan, the moon; literally the object which keeps coming up (from under the horizon), but it is more especially entitled to this designation of Bul with the constructive af- fix an, from its constantly increasing in size as it comes up during successive nights, till it becomes Buled or round. The Javanese being Mohammedans have adopted the Arabic division of the year, and the 12 months are known by the following Arabic names; See each month in voce for particulars: Muharam, the first month. Sapar, Rabiul awwal or Mulud, Rabiul akhir or Silih Mulud, Jumadilawwal, Jumadilakhir, Rajab, Saban or Bulan Roa, or Arawah, Puasa, properly in Arabie Ramazan or Ramalan; Puasa means fasting. Sawal, Dulkahidah or Hapit, Dul Haji. Bulanan, having the monthly disease. Menses. Bulan-bulan, the name of a fish in the rivers. Megalops Indicus. Bulang-baling, a double headed shot; a short bit of stick or bambu loaded with a weight, as a stone, at each end, and so used as a missile. Bulé, the white buffaloe, which is very common in Java, but not a distinct variety as tt sometimes occurs that Black mothers have Bulé ealves, and also that Bulé mothers have black calves. The colour is not exactly white, but of a ruddy hue, the hair, however, is white. Any animal which is usually black or dark coloured would be called Bulé when white coloured, for example an Elephant. A naif way of calling anything white, which is usually dark coloured, as silver money in contradistinction to copper doits. Bulëd, Round like a ball, globular. Also circular or eylindrical. Buli-buli, a covered cup; a cup with a cover to it; mostly used for keeping oil in, 70 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Bulu, hair of the body of man and of animals, but not the hair of the head of man which is Bu-uk. The feathers of birds, a quill for writing. Bulubur, gathered up at random, what has been thrown away by others. Hateup bulubur, ataps or thatch which has been used and thrown away as useless, but gathered toge- ther and used again for want of better. Buludru, velvet- the Portuguese Veludo, velvet. (See Bêludru.) Buluh, name of a variety of bambu; Awi buluh, Bambusa aspera, of little use as the worms eat it very fast. Buluh Munti, a variety of bambu, somewhat like common Buluh only somewhat smaller. Bulukan, mouldy, covered with mouldiness from having been moist and not properly dried, said especially of bread or boiled rice which has been set aside long enough to get mouldy. Bulukbuk, a sort of large glaga, or tall almost arborescent grass. Bulumanukken, a verb compounded of Bulu feather, and manuk bird; and it implies to confound or mix like feathers of a bird which you cannot distinguish one from another. Bulu-Mayang, the fine plume or tail-feathers of cock-birds, which come out at the period of maturity. The sign of adolescence. Bulu Ongko, The poison tree of Java. 1 have never heard of it in the Sunda districts. The Bulu Ongko isalarge forest tree growing inthe Eastern districts of Java. I have seen it in Malang and inland of Banyuwang’i, and the people there all assure you that from its juice the virulent poison is prepared. Bulu they say is the name of a particular Micus called in the Sunda districts Bunut, to which the leaf bears a resem- blance; and Ongko is an abbreviated form of MNongko, nangka, the Jack fruit tree, because the fruit resembles it. Im most books the famous Poison tree of Java is said to be called Anchar, antiaris Toxicaria; that name having been assigned by either Leschenault or Horsfield. Anchar may be the name in some districts, but have ne- ver been able to hear of the word any where on Java. Bumbang, having a fair and clear passage through, as through grass, reeds or Jungle &e., by often passing through, or by cutting down. Knocked over, slapped down. Bumbu, condiments, the ingredients of any mixture for eating, as of curry. Spices. So Bumbung, a small bambu measure, mostly for rice or other seeds. A bambu fitted with a lid or cover for the purpose of keeping any object. Bumbung délan, name of a tree. Cassia marginata. Has long black round pods, called in some parts of Java Zréngguli and Asem Wolanda, called familiarly by the Dutch „trommel stokken’ drumsticks, from their shape. Bumi, the Barth, the world; the residence of a great man; the original inhabitants of a place; those who by long descent are dwellers in the same place. Bhumi, C. 498. The Earth, land, place, scite in general. AND ENGLISH. zt Bunar, name of a variety of bambu, thin in stem, and distant between the joints. Bunchis, pulse, beans of any kind. The Dutch word Boontjes, small beans. Bung'a, Interest of money. The term is derived from Bung'a a flower in Malay, the in- terest being considered as the flower of capital, which is thus compared figuratively to a tree, or a stock. See Tangkal and Bibit, Bung'ang'ang, said of a bambu pag?r which is hanging out of its place, as if cut open for a thief, to pass. Said of anything or place that is gaping or yawning open, as a chasm in the ground, a hole in a bridge or the like. Yawning and open. The etymon of the word is ang which is also heard in the word Anggang, open, separated, and occurs again in Beng’ang'ah. Bungbulang, said of a deerepit old woman of whom nothing but skin and bone is left. Kari twmbung jeung tulang dew, nothing left but the pudendum and bones. The word is evidently cempounded of the final syllable of the first word added to tuwlang. Bung'in, land which eontains much sand, which under water as Sawahs is very produc- tive. Rich alluvial soil. Bungkak, pleased, elevated in spirits, joyful, having agreeable emotions. Bungkar, the same as Bongkar, torn open, forced open; unloaded. Bungkëéurëuk, a small short pool in a river; something less than leuwt. Bungkul, a knot in a tree where a branch leaves the stem, any hunch or trump. Bungkul tuwëér, the knob or round of the knee. Bungkus, a bundle, a parcel, abale; a wrapper. Di bungkus to tie in a bundle, bundled up- folded up. Bung'lon, a Chamelion, which are often met with in the jungle. The natives have also the verb Ngung'lon, to deceive, to change appearances, alluding to the well known properties of this animal. (Fhe most harmless animals, who exist. Fr). Bungsu, the youngest child of a family, the wreckling. the last born. Bung'ur, a tree, Lagerstroemia regina. At some seasons of the year it is covered with handsome pink and purple racemi of flowers terminal on the branches. It is a very ornamental tree and much planted in the gardens of Wuropeans. The word sounds as if derived from Ung'u purple, a reddish brown colour. Buni, hidden, concealed. Bunt tikukur, able to conceal a turtle dove, said of growing paddy when it is big enough to cover the ground. (Sembuni, to conceal himself. Bat. Malay.) Buniaga, to work, to use ones powers. This is evidently Sanscrit, and is heard also in the Malay word Berntaga, to trade, to traffic. (Skr. ban'ij, a merchant, a trader; ban’ ijya, trade, traffick; there from comes the common word Bantan. Fr.) Buniaga, a person fresh arrived in a new village, and who has not yet got a house. Probably derived from Bhu C. 496 to be, and Niyaga, C. 825, drought, dryness, aridity, heat-indicating thereby that the person has no possessions. (Fhis is certainly u A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE the same word as the preceding, only as a substantive, ban’ij; the new comer being confounded with the trader who has no fixed home; the r in the Malay word I consider to be placed in consequence of the n being cerebral, as it were rn. Fr.) Buntal, the name of a fish in rivers; by irritating it, and rubbing its belly against the ground or on a stone, it swells out into almost a round ball. Buntas, got through, done, achieved as any work or operation. Buntël, a bundle of elothes, or anything tied up in cloth, as the corner of a handker- chief &c. Buntët, not opening, closed. Buntiris, a plant with thick and crenulated leaf. Calanchoë erenata. Buntu, closed, shut off, not admitting further ingress, as a cave in limestone rock. Buntung, maimed by the loss of some part, as a man of his finger or hand; an animal of its tail. Kuda buntung a short tailed horse. Suku na buntung, his leg is shortened off, part of the leg wanting through accident. Buntut, the tail of animal or bird; the fagend; metaphorically the tail of any oecurence or incident; the consequence of; the followers and accompaniment of a great man. Buntut luku, the tail of a plough. Buntut Anjing, literally Dogstail, is a tall reedy grass with a bunch of seeds termi- nal to the stem. Bunuh, to cut open anything, especially fruit or vegetables, to get at the contents which are eatable or drinkable, especially said of Cocoa nuts. Bunut, a tree, Ficus Glabella. Bunyi, to sound, to make anoise, to crack a whip. Sense, meaning. Bunyian, sounding instruments; their sound; music. Bupati or Bopati, a Government Regent, a native chief over extensive territory; a ge- neral term, not a denomination of rank. Bupati, C. 477, a King, a monarch, from Bu the Earth, and Pati, chief or lord. Bur, the idiomatie expression of pouring out, or of running away, escaping, fleeing. Bur bai di taburken, and out they poured it. Buragu, a word used in Pantuns to express prosperous, lucky. Burak-barik, to be dispersed, scattered about. Burakén, to spite out; to blow out of the mouth anything that has been chewed, as si- ri leaves &c. This is frequently done on occasions of Jampé. Burang, a caltrop; sharpened bambus set about gardens or plantations to spike wild pigs or other animals; sharpened bambus set any where to spike man or beast. Burangrang, said of the leaves which wither and drop off a tree all at once. Said es- pecially of the withered leaves which drop off a felled tree. See Rangrang. Burangrang, the name cf a mountain on the confines of Krawang and the Prianger Regencies, which the ancient tradition of the country consiìders as the withered bran- | AND ENGLISH. 8 ches of the tree which was felled on the Bukit Tunggul to make the boat, which still exists in the Volcano Tangkuban Prahu (inverted boat) which lies between the moun- tains called the Stump and the Branches. See Bukit Tunggul. Buras, a dispute or claim which cannot be established; said of a lawsuit wherein nei- ther party wins. Burët, said of knotty wood which will not split on account of the twisted state of the grain. See Birët. Burëng, defaced, obliterated; especially said of a writing which is daubed and hardly legible. Said of any act by which a man tries to conceal his deeds. Buri, behind, the after part; subsequently. Ulah ka ping hareup teuyn, ulak buri teuyn, neither push yourself too much forward nor lag behind. Buri na to daikken, subse- quently he was not willing. Burik, spotted, freckled. Burik-barik, to twist and turn, to tumble over, to put in confusion. Buring'as, startling with fear, as a wild animal or a buffaloe. Wild as cattle. Burit, evening, night fall. bBuron, a run away, an outlaw; from Buruto chase after, which, however, simplyas Buru, to run after, to chase, is not used in Sunda. A wild beast, any object which is chased. (In the last meaning it occurs on Bali; where itis nearly synonimous with binatang. Fr). Buru, to hurry on, to hasten, to bear a hand. Buruai, the spawn of frogs, as seen in pools of stagnant water. Buruan, the yard or clear space in front of a house. Burubul, to gurgle out, to come out sluggishly. Buruh, wages or recompense given for work done. Buruhan, pay for work done, wages. Ngala buruhan to take pay for work done; to do work for payment. Buruhkén, to give wages to get work done. To pay for work done. Burujul, a very simple and rough plough used for working dry land; consists of only two pieces, a crooked piece and the pole. Buruk, rotten, stinking, decayed; given way, worn out. Burung, a good for nothing person, a neêr do well, a foolish person; said of any work that has been taken in hand but not carried through; abandoned and neglected given up as a bad job; perversely causing disappointment. (Jav. wurung as Telaga wurung ; the mountain near Cape Sedano.) Burung randa, name of a shrub, the charcoal of which is used in blackening the teeth. Luterally means widowhood not taking place, widowhood no go. Burunganan, an apposite expression in an argument, as we should say „That being the case. The natural consequence is”. Burunganan sia mohal di béré, that being the case they will not give you any. 10 74 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Burusut, slipped out, glided out; said of a child or animal as it comes from its mother or dam; protruded. Anak na angar kénéh burusut na, Its young had just been pro- truded (born). Burut, a hydrocele, hernia, rupture, a swelling of the Scrotum. Bus, the idiomatic expression of shoving or putting in. Bus hasup ka imah, he popped into the house. Busal, a wild pig or boar with bosses or kmobby bony excrescences on the face. Sus Vittatus. Busiat, a word of contempt or of scorn. Diga busiat, like a good-for-nothing thief. Busik, entangled and twisted together, as hair which is never combed. Said also of other things which are neglected and im confusion. Busuk, Malay but often used in Sunda; foul, stinking, rotten, and more particularly applied to foul actions. Busung, having a swollen belly from discase; the dropsy; daik busung, may I become swollen bellied or dropsical, a very strong asseveration or appeal to truth. Buta, properly Malay- Blind. Frequently used in the expression Buta rata, where no trace is left, obliterated, entirely disappeared. See Wuta. Buta-rata would also ad- mit of the meaning, Goblin-level, as if the goblins had distroyed all before them. Buta, a goblin, a malignant spirit; the word is used in Pantuns and traditions. Bhuta, C. 496, a goblin, a ghost, a malignant spirit hunting cemeteries, lurking in trees, animating carcases, and deluding or devouring human beings. A name of Siwa. Butak, bald, no hair on the head; said also of a high mountain where no vegetation exists; Gunung Butak, the Sajira hill in South Bantam, said to be bare about the top. Butuh, in distress for want of food or money, hard up, pinched, destitute. Butun, or Huwi Butun, alarge variety of yam. Butun, name of a tree growing on the South coast of Bantam, with fruit of the size of a man’s fist, with four sharp corners or ridges. Bu-uk, hair of the head of human beings. Bu-ut, a squirrel, Sciurus Plantani of Horsfield, such as are found about the villages in the Cocoa nut trees. There is another variety found in the jungle called Kékés, which is rather smaller. Buwa, fruit, see Buah. Buwana, universe, see Buana. Buwana pancha téng'ah this mid world. (This suggests the idea that the people formerly believed in the existence of fwe worlds, ours being the middle one. Fr.) Buwu, see Bubu, asort of fish trap. Buyamin, Benjamin, a proper name- Arabic. Buyung, a largish earthernware jar, mostly of coarse brown unglazed manufacture, for holding water. AND ENGLISH. 75 Buyut, forbidden by some hereditary or traditionary injunction. Different families of the natives are found, who labour under various prohibitions, often regarding articles of food; as many families are, from acient times, forbidden the use of the flesh of the white Buffaloe, others that of the turtle dove &c, and for such people this flesh is Buyut. Thus Buyut is applied to any thing else in the sense of „Sacredly forbidden”. Buyut, is also a term of relationship, as applied by people to their progenitor or des- cendant in the fourth generation, as the Great Grandfather or Great Grandchild (81). Cha-ah, a flood, an inundation, arisein the rivers after rain. Chat geus cha-ah, the ri- ver is swollen with a flood. Cha-ah déngdéng, a flood which comes down suddenly, some two to four feet or more high, which has great force, and sweeps dams and other impediments away before it. A Bore. Cha-ang, clear, bright, brilliant; cleaned up, put in order; daylight. Ch’hâ or Ch'han, C. 201. pure, clean. Geus cha-angy, it is day light. Jalan gedé cha-ang ayeuna, the great road is now cleaned up. (Skr. Ch'hâyâ, is light; lustre; but 1 doubt if Cha-ang can be derived of it. Fr. See the article chahaya). Chabak, to handle; to take work in hand; to lay hands on. Pagawean eta kudu di cha- bak, you must take tkat work in hand. Chabar, careless, indifferent. Chabé the capsicum or red pepper so universally used as a condiment by the natives. It is distinguished when necessary from Chabé rawit, by the name of Chabé gedt, the the big chabé. Variously called by Botanists Capsicum Frutescens, Capsicum annuum ; or Capsicum Incurvum. Chabé arèui, the same as Chabé Jawa- Piper longum. Chabé Jawa, Long pepper. Piper longum; called in Malay lada panjang. Chabé Rawit, a small variety of pepper, more pungent than the foregoing ones; Cap- sicum Fastigiatum. Rawit is Javanese and not Sunda, and means either fine, handsome, or asis more likely to be here the case, a sort of small worm or maggot. The bird’s eye pepper. Chabol, dwarf, of diminutive size. Chabuk, Persian, a whip. (Chwmák a stick with a knotty head. Vullers lex Persico-lati- num. Chubuk a whip; virga. Meninski; who gives it as a turkish word). Chabur, to splash in water in swimming; to move through water with force or impetuosity. Chabut, to eradicate, to pull or pluck up or out; to extract, to select; to remove from a post or situation: to substract, to deduct. Chacha, a common man; in contradistinction to a person of noble birth. A man turned (81) Kabujutan are the places of worship of the ancestors found in every Balinese house. Zuyut is thus taken in the sense of ancestors, pitara, and as an adjective means coming, derived from, enjoined by the ancestors. Fr. 76 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE out by the government to feudal service. A man subject to the orders of his superiors. Chachab, preparations used to make the hair grow. Chachabéan, a plant growing wild in cool upland situations. Leonurus Javanicus. Chachad, blemish, defect, accident, injury overtaking any one. Chachad tiwas, by ac- cident, overtaken by some accident. Chachadan, the two main side flooring pieces of a cart; the beam of a plough. Chachag, to chop, to cut in pieces, to hack; to cut at with a weapon. Chachak, like, as. Chachangkir, a cup‚a teacup, any small earthenware vessel to drink out of. Chachangkiran, name of a plant; Panax Cochleatum. Chachangkiran, name of a small shell fish in sea: limpets; Patella. Chachap, well accoutered; being provided with what one wants; coming it strong, pre- suming on a man's position. Chachar, to cut down jungle, bushes or long grass; to cut down the brush wood of a forest, previous to felling the great trees; the space so cleared. Chachar, though a Malay word in this senseis often also used by the Sundas for the small-pox. Tukang chachar a vaccinator. Chacharan, to vaccinate. See Kuris. Chachariwan, the knee-pan. Chaching, a worm. Chaching'an, having the worms, said of a child or of a young buffaloe. Chadang'an, prepared for, made arrangements for any one. Anything set aside for ano- ther person's use, Chadas, Tufaceous strata; any indurated matter that has set so as to become rock, es- peeially voleanie ashes which have set in the sea, and subsequently been upheaved in strata. It is sometimes almost confounded with rock, Chadas gantung hanging rocks; voeks standing boldly up and presenting an upright surface like a wall. Chadas ma- léla, a variety of coarse sedimentary roek, which it is difficult to break up even with crow bars. Chadong, a game in which the object is to knock down some sticks that have been set up for the purpose. Chaduk, excrement. Chaé, name of atree with pennated leaves, produces siliquae which contain pretty red beans. Chagak, a stick or bit of wood witha fork or division at one end. A forked stick; much used in fences and the construction of dams, in the mountain rivers. Chagëéur, well, in good health; in a sound state of body. Chah, a contemptuons expression of disapproval or disgust. Cliahl saha nu datk, who the deuce will be willing. Chahaya, bright, brilliant; radiance, lustre. Ch'hâya. C. 208 of same import. Chai, water; abbreviated into Chi, means ariver, and assuch is placed before the proper names of rivers as Chidurian, Chidani. AND ENGLISH. (il Chai-iyan, to put water upon, to inundate. Chakar, to scratch, as afowl or any bird. The claw of a bird. Chakarub, dipped in water, plunged into water. Chakchak, a house-lizard, such as are seen so plentifully on the walls of all dwelling houses. (Chéchak at Batavia). Chakëéup, suffieiently provided with, as with courage or will to set about anything, or with the means of accomplishing any object in view; Confident of success. Châkung, a small frog which is sometimes found in houses; it has the faculty of sticking to a perpendicular wall, or to an upright plank. Chakra, a word often occurring in the composition of proper names. C. 191 a wheel, a cirele, a diseus; a weapon in the form of a discus, having the outer edges exceeding- ly sharp, besides many other meanings. (Fhe discus of Wiskun). Chalakutik, the short hits of stumpy hoof at the back of the foot of a buffaloe. Chalange’ap, open- mouthed, gaping, ajar. Chalik, to sit down; to take a seat. A refined expression used by an inferior to a superior. Chalik-ang’in, the name of a tree, literally the „Seat of the wind”, and from this cur- eumstance, its bark is torn in shreds and hung up about the humahs, when the wind is very strong and is doing injury. Rottlera Paniculata. Chaluk, astraight iron implement for cuttiug brush-wood: when crooked it is called an Arit. Chalung, a rude musical instrument so called, being half a dozen slips of bambu fas- tened toastring, like the steps of aladder, and when hung up, tapped with a bit of wood. Cham, a Chinese-wood; a tally, a bit of bambu or wood given to a man as proof of work done. Chamara, a tree so called, Casuarina litorea, its leaves resemble those of the fir of Europe. False hair worn by women. A chowry, or whisk of hair to drive away flies. Cha- mara, C. 196. a whisk. (Fhe tree is certainly so called from the appearance of his leaves. Fr.) Chamat, a petty title of distinction in some of the Sunda districts. Chambal, said of Jampé which does not take effect; inefficaceous, when said of Jampé: only used in this sense. Chambor, mixed, of different sorts. Chambuk, a whip, to thrash with a whip. A modification of the Persian word Chabuk. Champa, name of a Country on the Hast coast of the gulf of Siam, the site of a Malav Colony of long standing. Putri Champa, the Champa Princess. The queen of Anc- ka Wijaya, the last sovereign of Majapahit. This Putri Champa may however, have been from the Champa on the Ganges, which will be more consonant with the Hindu religion which existed upto her time on Java. Champa C. 195 the capital of Carna, and the modern Bhaghalpore on the Ganges. Champaka, the nameof atree which bears a smelling yellow or wltite flower. Michelia Champaca. Champaka, C. 195 a tree bearing a yellow fragrant flower, with which 78 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE. the altars in the temples of Buddha are covered every morning. (Used for the same purpose on Bali). Champéa, name of a large private Estate near Buitenzorg, celebrated for its limestone hill, which abounds in caverns where the edible birds nestsare found. Champeyya, C. 197, the Champaka tree, another form of the word Champaka. Champur, to mix, to mingle, to confound. Champur-bawur, to intermingle, to jumble together, to mix indiseriminately. Chanar, the name of a creeper in the jungle which has an edible root; Zanonia Indica. Chanar-babîi, is another variety. Chandak, to bespeak, to have made arrangements to appropriate. Geus di chandak ku aing, T have bespoken it. Chandi, a mausoleum, an old burying place; an old Hindu temple or relick of antiqui- ty.— Durga the wife of Siwa was much worshipped in Java and had temples raised to her. Im Clough’s dictionary Chandi is given at page 193 as the name of the god- dess Durga, alluding especially to her incarnation for the purpose of destroying Ma- hesasur, the demon of iniquity. Probably from Chandi being thus a popular goddess, and having many tempels, these tempels themselves, and all temples eventually came to be called Chandi. Chand: on Bali according to Mr. Friederich, Bat. Frans: Vol. 22 is a small pyramidical temple attached to the houses of the chiefs. Chandi Séwu, the thousand temples, one of the principal groups of ruinsat Prambanan. Chandra, the moon; the more usual word is Bulan. Chandra C. 194 the moon. See Sangkala. Chandra Kirana, a princess of Kédiri, the wife of the celebrated Panji of Javanese romance. Chandra, moon. Kirana C. 124 a ray, asun beam, and thus Chandra-ki- pana, moon-beam. See Inakërtapati. Chandu, Opium prepared ready for smoking. Im appearance it resembles treacle and is thus a black sluggish liquid. Chandung, to marry a second wife, whilst a first one is still in existence, and thus to have two or more wives at once. The law of Mohammed allows its votaries to have four legal wives at the same time. Changchang, to tie, to fasten with a rope or string, as a horse or a buffaloe put out to graze; to tie anything with a string. The shreds of bambu prepared as string to tie ataps on a roof. Changehangan, anything that we have fast by a rope or string; figuratively anything that we have made arrangements to appropriate and which we hold, as it were, fast by a rope. Changchangan, a part of the native weaving loom, viz. the stand which consists of two uprights each long 14 to 2 feet, with a notch or mortice cut at the top, so as to admit the Zotogan to lie horizontally upon it. AND ENGLISH. 79 Changchi, a buckle. Changchi, an ear of paddy or of any grain. Changehorang, the Mantis, orthe praying insect. An insect with long legs and wings, said to turn itself always to the rising sun. There are three kinds, green, white and blaek; said to permanently keep these coulours, of which green is the most common ; called also Chénggéh. Chang'ërëd, a running noose or loop. Chang'ërëdkën, to tie with a running knot. A Changgah, a term of relationship, or descent. See the word Bauh. Changgéhgar, a wild fowl, a jungle fowl. Spotted and speckled and larger than the Kasintu. Changgëéum, as much as can be taken up at once in the hand; a handful. Changgogo, squatting down or cowering down on one’s hams, with both knees up to the chin. Changkakak-Aleedo, a bird, the kingfisher, of which there is great variety in Java, Changkal, a very scarce fish; it is flat and broad like the Raranchak. Chankang, the husk or skin of fruit, Paddy or any grain. Changkaruk, boiled rice which has been put out in the sun to dry and desiccate so as to be able to keep it. Those who go on the pilgrimage to Mecca, generally take with them Changkaruk of Ketan, which in bad weather being soaked in sea water, serves as food. Changkèëd, anotch cut in atree; astep cut on asteep bank; an indentation made either for climbing or affixing anything, as arope to prevent its slipping. A nick, a notch. Changkël, benumbed, cramped. Changkéng, the waist of the body. Changkéo, ashrub with a small, sweet, white flower, something like hawthorn in Europe. Nelitris Polygama. Changkër, stiff- built, as a man; stout and strong. Changkèrëma, feasting, eating and drinking; keeping up merriment. Changkëur awok, name ofa bird, prettily coloured, fond of devouring soft fruits, as plan- tains &c. Changkèëur ilung, name of a bird, dark coloured, with white under tail and wings. Changkëutëuk, name of a variety of bambu, Bambusa. Makes neat bambu work, being thin in the wood. Much used for fishing rods. Changkok, a method of propagating fruit-and other trees by scarifying a branch, and tying it up with a little earth and leaves. The scarified part then shoots rootlets, when the branch may be cut from its parent stem, and then planted out. Changkolong, to cut off an account, to deduct, to receive something on acconnt, as Paddy or any other objects on account of monthly wages, to be settled for at the end 30 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE of the month. To receive something in advance on account of wages which are being earned. Changkoré, a small and ecrooked variety of bambu. Bambusa serpentina. Changkudu, Morinda Citrifolia; the bark of the root of this plant gives the red dye every where used by the Sunda people for dying their cloths. They make plantations of the shrub for the purpose. Changkudu is reduced to a powder for use. It is cal- led in Malay Cangkudu. Marsden Page 42. Ch’han, C. 201 pure, clean. Cang in Javanese is red. AKudu, C. 128. powder, dust. If this interpretation is correct, we must conclude that Chang-kudu was introduced to the Hastern Isles by the people of Continental India, who began by bring the dried pounded root-bark, in the shape of a powder. And when they introduced the tree, the islanders continued to call it „the pure powder tree”, after the article which was already known to them. (At Batavia it is called Mengkudu, so that it appears, that the first syllable is a preformative. Fr.) Changkudu Badak, Fagrea morindifolia, name of a tree growing wild in the forests, and resembling the true Changkudu in leaf and stem, but it does not give the dye-stuff. Changkwang, Pandanus horridus. A variety of Pandan withalong narrow leaf, some- times made into a kind of rude matting called Salasar. Chang'or, open and dry, not adhesive; the opposite of glutinous. Chang'ri, a variety of Tëépus or Geanthus, only with greener stem and leaves The fruit grows in the ground like the Tépus, but it is deeper in the ground and of a swee- ter taste. Chanir, the large projecting buttresses or roots of some trees, which act as props near the ground, and out of which solid wheels for Carts or table - pieces are cut. Called in Malay Banir. Marsden Page. 84. Chantél, the crooked bit of iron fixed to the end of the pole of a Chinese plough, on which is hung the splinterbar by its Katimang. Chantigi, a shrub in the jungle, orin open poor land, with leaf like that of the tea plant. Chantilan, a small hut for occasional use. Chanting, a small empty Cocoanut made into a Gayung or dipper. Chap, supposed to be a Chinese word. A seal, a signet; mark of a seal or stamp; any mark put upon anything to recognize it again; a brand or stamp. Surat chap, any paper with a stamp on it. Paper stamped by government, in order to raise a tax. Chapang, said of Buffaloe horns which expand much; which are not curved quickly up. Chapé, tired, wearied, fatigued. Chapéo, Portuguese, a European’s hat. Chapëöéuh, a wild herbaceous plant Conyza graveolens. The same plant is also called Sumbung. Chaping, A silver plate worn by female children to conceal the nudities. It is sometimes but rarely in use among the Sunda people. See Ampok, AND ENGLISH. 81 Chapit, jammed between, caught or hooked by. Chapit hwrangy the name of part of the apparatus by which Carts or Pedaties are fixed to the wheels which revolve with the axle. Chaplak, a joining of wood, by cutting a little off the ends of two pieces, so as to be able to fit them together. Chara, like as, resembling, similar to; method, fashion, mode. Chara batur, in the same way as the neighbours. Châra orang Bogor, after the fashion of the people of Buiten- zorg. Chara, C. 197, going, motion. Chara, C. 835 to go. Acharana C. 61 walking. (32). Chara, a trap set to catch monkeys. Quere Chara, 196, a spy- a secret emissarry or agent (sent to catch the monkeys?). (Châra, a prison, a house of confinement. Wilson.) Charak, a powder -flask. Charallang, a kind of squirrel, found in forests, but not about homesteads. Charaman, to forbid, to prohibit, to interdict. Charana, a betel stand or dish; a salver; such as used by great men. Charana C. 195 a foot; the root of atree; (probably from resembling a wooden platter, and compared to a tree stump, as being used by a great man). Charang, scarce, not often met with; far apart, with intervals between. (Batavian and Malay jérang.) Charangka, a rudely made but rather large basket for holding anything bulky, as Pad- dy, Cotton &c. &c. (Seems to be Skr; Angka, gremium, pectus; ef. Bali-angka, the womb of heroes, or the womb of offerings. Fr.) Charéchét or Chëréchét, a bit of cloth to wipe the face with, carried hung over the shoulder. See Chëréchét. Charéham, the after teeth, the molars, the large flat teeth in the after part of the jaw. Charék, saying, speaking. Charék na, and he said; what a man says. Charékan, to grumbie at, to scold, to be angry with. Charëéuh, the Viverra Musanga of Horsfield. Called in Malay Luwak, a wild animal which is fond of stealing poultry like the fox in Europe. It also feeds upon ripe Coffee, the pulp of which alone is digested, and the beans are voided clean. These are collected in the gardens, as they are of the ripest and finest description, and are called Zat Luwak or Tai Chareuh, Charéuh voidings. Chariang, a plant with succulent cabbagelike stem growing in moist and soft ground. Aglaonema Simplex. Chariang Bëurëum, a plant; Homalonema rubrum. (52) It is rather áchára, an established rule of conduct, an ordinance, an institute, a precept. Wil- son. This form occurs yet in Bali, but the shortened chára has also there become the common form. Chára Bali, in the way of the Balinese, according to the instutes of Bali. Itis translated by good Mohammedans into the Arabic adat. Fr. JUL 82 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Chariëu, a liane in the jungle, producing a long big pod, set full of seeds of size of spanish dollars. The fruit resembles Peuteui only it is much larger. Entada mono- stachya. Charirang, name of a large forest tree. Charita, a relation, a tale, a story, ancient legend. Charita and Charütra, C. 195 a fixed institute, a proper or peculiar observance, an observance, a custom, a mode. (33). Charitakën, to relate, to tell the story, to narrate. Charulang, a gramineous plant with fine seeds upon it like pin’s heads; it is sometimes eaten by man, but frequently given to cage birds. The head of the plant splits into 5—6 or 7 divisions, and each is covered with the seeds. Chat, the idiomatie expression of climbing, or getting up anything as atree, a hill, the top of a house &e. Up he went. Manuk chat ka luhur imah, the bird perched upon the top of the house. Chat, Chinese, Paint. Chatang, a log of wood; a tree which has been cut down , and had its branches lopped off. Chatangan, said of running water. Chaì chatangan, running water, river water, sweet water as distinguished from Sea water. Chatangan is properly like a Chatang or log. Chato, a kind of bill-hook used by natives, a bedog with square, blunt end. Chatok, to cut a piece of wood or other material so that there comes a step or hitch in it. To notch at the end. Chatur, dry and clean. Said of land which after having been swampy or bogey in wet weather, has become dry and firm with the return of fine weather. Chatur, Chess, the game of chess. Said to be Sanscrit. Chatu C. 196 cheating, decei- ving, misleading. (Chatur is four; the name of the game of chess is in Skr. Chatur- angga, the four parts (of an army), being elephants, war- charriots, horse and foot- soldiers. Fr.) ‚ Chatut, Tweezers. The native has often tied to the corner of his handkerchief a variety | of little conveniences called collectively Ambar-ambar, and the Chatut forms one of | these, with which he pulls out any hairs which may be found growing on his face or chin. Chaung, name of a fish in the rivers; he is a filthy greedy beast, and swallows all he | finds floating , which in Indian rivers is often; none of the nicest, as they serve the; natives for Cloacae. Chaur, that part of the weaving apparatus which fixes to the lower part of the back of! the woman who weaves, so that when she sits back she streches the web into a pro- per position. (33) Charita, as a participle means also what has happened, id quod actum est; so it could be | taken in the meaning of history, tale. Fr. | AND ENGLISH. 85 Chaw, a plantain, called in Malay Pisang, the Musaof Botany. The mountaineer distin- guish the 48 following varieties, of Chaw. A deo} Ambon, stem tall and dark coloured, fruit large and green even when ripe. One of the most common varieties. Badak, thick short tree, name means the Rhinoceros. Banténg, or wild bull which is black. Fruit short and thick; has a darkish skin, and is good for Kuéh or cooking. Buhaya, or the Alligator, has very long Jantung, reaching almost to the ground, being ripe at top and unripe below. Béuléum, or the roasting plaintain, must be either toasted or else steamed, di seupan, before it is fit for use, Bëusi or Irony tree short and thick, spotted dark; fruit large and green. Burut, the hydrocele Plantain. Churuk, the forefinger. Gading, the Ivory. Gëämbor, a common variety. Hanggasah, name of a Scitameneous plant, Hihid, name of a cooking fauner. Elona” Honjé, name of a Scitameneous plant. Hurang, the shrimp. Karok, one of the most common wild sorts; stem reddish. Kapas, or cotton, common, must be steamed, Kollé, the most common of the wild sorts of plantain; stem slender, and leaves smaller than those of cultivated sorts. The leaves are often striped or blotched with brown or green which gives them a very distinguished and pretty appearance in the wil- derness. Its fruit is called Keu-eus, and is full of seeds. It hardly hasany pulp. Kollé monyét, the monkey kollé, is a variety of No. 18. Kapokan, fruit small and short, must be steamed. Kosta, properly from the coast of Coromandel. Lémpénéng, of yellowish skin, long and thin. Lubang, the eel; a very rare variety; the fruit is said to ripen in the stem be- fore it is protruded, hence called the eel- from being in a hole, Lumut, the pulpy. Lutung, the black monkey. Manggala, Batu, Siki, Raja Gèndëng, or Kulutuk five names for same sort; common but not eatable, Mas or Golden; this is the most common of all the-plantains. Lhe fruit is small and sweet. 84 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE kie) [© 2) Palémbang, common. Pinang, the areca nut. Poké, wild and like kollé. Raja, or the King, has a ruddy skin and is rather large. Raja beusi. Raja-Pandan. Raja-Pakuan, small tree and fruit. It is acidulous. Rangrang. Ruju, tree low, fruit long and thick. SY B WL GH CO WD GF BE Le) Al OD RA OD AO OO Sambatu, has hoyas, but the individual pulp-pods are grown together, as if the fingers were glued to one another. 98 Sépët, green stem, tree middling size; very common and acrid. 89 Séwu, the thousand, very small and insipid. 40) Sukun. EN et Susu, or milk, one of the most delicate of Plantains. INS ra) Tanduk or Galék, the Horn, long fruit curved hike a horn. Very common but must be toasted or steamed, 43 Warangan, or arsenick. Chaw Asak, the ripe plantain, name of a river fish. Chaw Kipas, the fan Plantain, called in Malay Pisang ayer, the water plantain. In- troduced from Madagascar. Ravenala Madagascarencis, formerly called Urania Spe- ciosa. It is known in English as the „travellers friend” — from the quantity of water which can always be got from it. Chawat, any cloth twisted round the loins, of which a part or slip hanging down in front is taken up, and passing between the legs is tucked in fast behind. The Chawat was probably the only dress of natives in days of old, before they learnt the use of cotton, and the art of spinning. Sunda chawats, in old times, were no doubt made of a bit of bark as, to this day, is the case with the natives of some parts of Celebes. Chawél, to bite or snap at- as a tiger bites at its prey. Chawis, ready, prepared. Ceunang nyawisan, made ready. Chaya, also heard as Chahaya, bright, brilliant. Radiance, lustre. Ch'haya, C. 203. an image or picture. The wife of thesun., Radiance, beauty, splendour; lustre. (See Cha- haya; which means also shade). Chayur, a forest tree, Pterospermum Lanceofolium. Makes good planks. Chayut, a temporary sort of basket made of the leaves of any palm tree platted together. Ché, used only with na after it, and thus as Chena, he said, said he. Chëéb, the idiomatic expression of sticking in, as a stake in the ground, a needle in cloth, or the like. Cheb bai di pager, he stuck a fence round it. Cheb bas di kaput, he sewed it up. Chëblok, the idiomatie expression of slapping a post or large stake into a hole in the, AND ENGLISH. 85 ground, in which it is to be set. Jmah cheblok, a house made of posts stuck in the ground and made in a hurry, not set together carefully with joist work. Ch&bluk, to splash in water; to make a hollow sound by slapping water. Chëcharékan, a vow; some obligation which a man has put himself under when in dif- ficulty or in sickness, to make some offering or do some act, in case he gets well. Chëchémpé, a small nyirw or flat rice basket. A small bambu tray to shake or clean rice or any other grain on. Chéechéndét, a small skein of Maramat threads of the thickness of a man’s thumb. Ch&chépéh, a small nyiru, or flat rice basket, Chëchërahkën, to cause to split or crack, See Chërah. Chëcho-élan, anything eaten as Cho-él, which see. Greens eaten with Sambel. Chëcho-öan, any living animal or even person whom we have in keeping, which we keep for work &c. Chéda, a scar, the mark of a wound. (Skr. Ch’héda, cutting, dividing; ch’hidra, hole, perforation). Chëgah, to warn against, to forbid, to give orders that some act shall not be done; to restrain, to hinder. Chégér, a bit of young jungle cut down and planted with paddy; a small humah made in young forest. A small paddy plantation in addition to some greater piece of cultivation. Chéhehéran, to drop out grain by grain, like rice out of a torn bag. Chékchok, chattering, much petty talk; grumbling and snappish at each other in econ- versation Chëkék, to throttle a man or animal; to size by the collar or neck; to kill by tightening anything about the neck. Figuratively to oppress, to deal hardly with. Ch&k&l, to hold, to lay hold of, to seize, to arrest; to hold in reserve; to have in hand, to manage, to administer. Chëékëlan, anything which we hold, or administer; administration. Chékér, asortof diminutive of Chokor which see. The foot of a small animal, a small paw. Ch&kong, said of wood which is not cut or planed even ; a post with unevenness in its surface. Che&l, the idiomatic expression of flowers or grain coming ont and expanding. Chë&ladi, a woodpecker; the bird woodpecker; Picus in varieties. hasup ka liang cheladi, it went into the woodpecker’s hole. Chëlaka, a calamity, ill- luck, misfortune, an affliction; disastrous; a wretch. Kshulla- ka, C. 157, low, vile, mean, wicked, malicious , abandoned. (34). (84) Chala, trembling, tremulous, unfixed or unsteady; as substantive also trembling, shaking; fem. Chalá the goddess of fortune. Here from is dirived Chalaka, which means with reference to things, a trembling, unfixed state, and referring to man, an unsteady person shaken by every accident. The é in stead of a for reason of the accent, and also of the following 4. Fr. 86 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Chëélana, trousers, such as reach down to the ankles; pantaloons. Chulna, short knee trousers. Moorés Pantheon. Chëélécher, any mark or sign set up in the ground in marking out work. A bit of cut and stuck in the ground for the purpose of a mark. Chëlétguk—Chëlëgok, said of fish which keep coming up to the surface of water to draw breath, and then go down again immediatly. Chélék, the act of getting on, jumping upon, seated, perched. Chelék ha na kuda, he jumped on a horse. Chéléng, a pig, swine; properly Javanese, but occasionally used along with so many other names by which the people designate the arch- enemy of their cultivation. Cheéloehehor, to plant seeds, especially paddy, in drills or rows. Chëlong, not full, deficient in quantity; said of any measure or receptacle which has been partly emptied; gaping. Chéluk, ery, call. Cheluk na harus, his call is loud. Chë&ëlukan, to call, to send for, Chémbawul, a variety of Chokrom or Solanum Melongena, of which it has a similarly indented leaf, The fruit of the Chëmbawul is as big as a common apple or usual sized orange, being also round: it has an appley substance for fruit containing a few small seeds in the middle. Chëémbul, showing grey; Chembul bai huwis, he shows quite grey in the head. Chénang, a scab, over a wound or sore place. Chéndana, Sandal wood; Santalum album. Chandana C. 194. Sandal. It implies either the tree, the wood or the unetuons preparations of the wood held in high esteem as perfumes. Chëéndil, a large wart or excrescence growing on the skin. Á lump of skin and flesh growing out unnaturally on any part of the body. Chéndukul, squattins in a heap, cowered down by oneself, from grief or trouble. Chéng'al, a large forest tree which gives a gum. The bark of this tree is used for put- ting in the bambus which collect the toddy from Palm trees to make Sugar, as it pre- vents the juice from souring. Chénggéh, a term of relationship, see the word Bauh. Also called Chanegah. Chéngeéh, another name for Changchorang which see. A mantis. Chéngkal, to prop up, or prop open anything, as the lid of a box, a piece of atap in a roof to admit temporary light, or the like. ‚héngkar, dry upland soil, in contradistinetien to swamp. Sawahechengkar, Sawahs made on upland soil which can be irrigated. Chéngké, cloves- the spice cloves. Myrtus Caryophyllus, or Caryophyllus Aromatica, or Caryophyllum Aromaticum. Zheng-hio, cloves in Chinese, literally odoriferous nails, supposed to be the original from which the natives have made Chéngké. The Chinese AND ENGLISH. 87 having of old traded for this spice. See Crawfurds Indian Archipelago Voll Page 497. The clove in some dialects is known by the name of Bung'a lawang. Lawanga, C. 605, the clove tree. The English word Cloves is evidently a modification of the French Clous, as heard in Clou de girofle. The Dutch call this article MNagelen, nails, so that all nations appear to have agreed to call this fruit by the name of nails, from the resemblance which it bears to that small iron article. Chéngkél, hair which has got interwoven and frizzled together so that you cannot comb it straight. Chéngkir, a young Cocoa nut which has not yet got any pulp. Chëngkir,a variety of Mangga so called. Chénténg, a watchman, a guard; this word is probably of Chinese origin. Chéntong, a large spoon, a ladle; a mason’s trowel. Chéntrang, clear, transparent, unclouded. Lang'it chéntrang an unclouded sky. Chén- trang ka barat, it is clear towards the west. Chépak, level as land; a level place. Chëépat, in a straight, unswerving direction. Seems to correspond with the Malay Zepat, a term annexed to the Hast and West points of the compas. Marsden P. 77. Chepat bai ka barat, straieht towards the west. Chepat bat ka na tangkal kalapa, straicht on towards the Cocoa nut tree. Chépat, to cut off, to lop off small branches. To cut through or off at one stroke. Ch&pël, adhesive, clammy. Chépér, flat, not curved or very slightly so. Flat like a flat dish or waiter. Chëpét. quick, active. Be quick! look sharp! Chëépuk, a small brassbox; a cup with a cover, generally found on a betle stand and containing tobacco. Chérah, split, gaping a little; a crack. Chëré, a variety of Paddy which grows with little water and will thrive in bad land or where better sorts fail, but the grain shakes easily from the straw. Chèréchét, a handkerchief which is worn hung over the shoulder, often with Seureuk materials or the like tied up in one corner of it. Cherëdik, wide awake; unfairly taking advantage of another’s ignorance. Shrewd, acute. Chérëléng, squirting out, as a liquid tapped out of any vessel, or juice flowing natu- rally, from a tree or plant. Chëérémé, a tree and its fruit. Cicca nodiflora. Chèrëmé, name of the great mountain of Cheribon, high 9781 Rhineland feet. Chérét, the splash of water. Chëérét, to scribble, to write; indicative of scratching marks or writing on anything, as paper, a bit of bambu &c. Cherét bai diî tulisken, and seribbling he wrote it down. Chéréwét, quarrelsome, finding fault about every little trifle; a matter of dispute, 88 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Chés, the idiomatic expression of cutting an amimal's throat, Chétik, millet, a kind of grain. Sorghum. Chétok, a variety of Dudukui or native bambu hat, made somewhat like a haseupan or rice boiler; not very broad but deep, amd much used for boiling water, being of a shape which makes it serviceable as a bucket. Chéuchëéub, nettled, taking offence at; inwardly vexed with. Chéudém, cloudy, overcast, threatening to rain. Ch&uli, the ear. Châlikd, C. 200, the root of an Elephants ear. Chëéuli Badak, literally Rhinoceros ears Opuntia polyantha; the Cactus plant on which Cochineal are kept. Chéuli Wangking, name for a Rhinoceros. Chéumpal, to take up anything dirty or disgusting in a leaf, a bit of paper, of other objeet, so as not to dirty the fingers. 4 Chëéumpal, to surrender, to submit. Chéuri, the name of an inferior sort of wild Mangosteen. Garcenia Dioica. Chëurik, to cry, to weep. Chi, a eontraction of the word Chat, water or river. As Chi it is used in composition and prefixed to the names of rivers, as Chidani, Chidurian &c. Chianjur, mostly heard pronounced short Chanjur. The seat of the Resident of the Prian- ger Regencies, and a large native town. The word is compounded of Chi, river; and Anjur, an instrument, vide voce. Probably so called from the river being small and within the compass of being baled out. Chiantén, a river which after running between the Champéa and Lui Liang HEstates falls into the Chidani. Anta, C. 82 a boundary, a limit; final, ultimate, and sometimes death. Chi-anta-an, Chiantan or Chiantén, Boundary river; or Yanta to go, the in- finitive mood of the verb Yanawah, go Chi Yantan, would denote, the far- going ri- ver, and would then have a parity of meaning with Chidurian. Chichariwan, also Chachariwan, the knee-pan. Chichékolan, the hollow at back of the knee. Chichiap, a variety of fig tree, Ficus leucopleura. Chichibluk, to splash in water, by striking with the hand, or by flinging in a stone. Chichikgn, to pour out, especially a liquid, to spillsabout; to pour from one vessel to another. Chiching, quiet, not moving; the order- Stand still! dwelling. Di mana sia chiching, where do you dwell. Chichiriwis-an, impudent, insolent in speech, foul-mouthed. Chidani, name of the river of Buitenzorg, called also Chi Sidani. The natives may have given the river the name of Widani which would be the feminine of Widana, as flowing past and from their ancient Capital of Pajajaran, and being the main river of this part | AND ENGLISH. 89 of the country. For the meaning of Wi, see voce. Dan, C. 255/6 a gift, adonation, an offering; Paddy; clothing to cover the Pudendum muliebre; the name of a tree (Calyptranthes) of which there are several species and yield afruit much eaten by the natives. Dana, C. 256, riches, wealth, property, possessions; people, mankind; birth, origin. Chi Sidani, the Si may be the ordinary Sunda preposition which see: and in this case prefixed to the feminine of Dana Dani. Sidani, she who gives wealth, prosperity, by inundating the rice fields in the neighbourhood of the old capital of Pajajaran, where tradition relates that the first Sawahs were made, and it will be seen above that one of the acceptations of Dan is Paddy, and in this sense Cu-Si- Dani would be the river which gives or has, produces or appertains to Paddy. The Hindu people who cut the Sanscrit inscription on the rock on Jambu, at Pasir Koléangkak, might have introduced the system of irrigated rice-lands, and called so large a river as the one in question Si Dani, or her of the Paddy, personifying the river which gave the water, as the grain-producer or Ceres. Dhami, C. 298, is a rich and opulent man, and Chidhani or Chi-Si- Dani would be the river typical of opulence either from irrigating the land or from admitting foreign traders at its mouth. (Dénin, Nominative case dán, would be possessing, affording gifts. Fr). Chiduh, spittle, saliva. Chiduhan, to spit upon with contempt. Chidurian, The name of the great river of Jasinga. It rises very far back amongst the Keéndane mountains, and discharges itself into the sea at Chikandé near Tanara. The etymon of the word cannot be Durian, the fruit so called in Malay, Durio Zibethinus as this. in the Country through which it flows, is called Kadu. As however, in the Mountainous part of the Country where it exists, many Sanscrit names are used to designate the objects of nature, as districts and mountains, so also perhaps a Sanscrit origin must be sought for to elucidate its meaning. Dura, C. 282, far, distant, remote. Ya, G. 572 going, proceeding. Ya is the crude form of the verb Yanawa to go, and forms Yanta to go, Yana, going: thus Dura-yana, and with suppression of the final vowel, Dura-yan, would be the river which goes remotely, which has a long course, and which will apply very well to this river which travels, in the early part of its route, through such distant and sequestered mountain ravines. The transition from Dura-yan to Durian or Duriyan witha people who were not conscious of the etymon of the word, would be very easy, and is heard also similarly in Mada-yon = Madion. Ghih, a word of contempt, for shame! Pshaw! fie! Ghihujan, rain water. Chik, the idiomatic expression of interrogation; how now? how is it to be? a persuasive interrogatory, as we would say, come! Chik kumaha? come! how is it to be. Chir also means, said, affirmed as Chik batur, my companion said so. 12 90 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Chika, gripes in the stomach; any sudden and violent pain in the stomach. Chika-chika, the fire-fly. Elater noctilucus. Chikal, the first born, the eldest child; the first or prime of anything; one of the chief divinities of the Badui is called Chikal. Chikaniki, name of a river which flows from the Gunung K&éndang over the Nanggung and Jambu Estates, into the Ghidani. Kaniki is not Sunda, so we are driven to at- tempt an etymology in Sanscrit. Kanyaka, G. 104, a girl, a maiden. The word is further rendered female by making it termate in 4%. Chikanyaki = Chikaniki, maiden river. See voce Kaniki. (Aan? means also agirl, Kanika is very small; ef. kana and kanaka (both with the cerebral ») small. Only a form kanikt or kaniki seems not to exist in Sanskrit. Fr.) f Chikénéh, just now, a short time ago. Chiki-ih, piddle, urine, stale. Also someliquid compounds especially for soaking thread which has to be dyed; a mordant in this latter sense. Chikuah, name of the ingredients for dying thread of a red colour, after they have been boiled together. Chikur, an aromatie plant of which the root is much used when bruised in all native medicine. Kaemferia Galanga, called in malay Kénchur. Ghiladaëun, name of a river in Bantam falling into the Chibérang. See Ladaeun. lt is warmer than the Ghibérang. Chilëgok, holding open the mouth, pouring in water and swallowing it as it falls. Chilénod, swept away by water, floated away. Chilëpot, just done, just let go, this instant finished. Just started. Chilétu, said of paddy when just a few heads or ears begin to show themselves. In the act of coming into car. Chiléuh, the mucous matter which forms in the eye. Chiléungchang, rain water on the surface of the ground ; rain water which soon drains away. Chilëungehangan, said of rain which has been hard enouch to run on the surface of the ground. Chilik, a petty mandor in Bantam. Chili, little in Javanese. (Chilik is also Javanese Fr.) Chilingching, a liane or creeper in the jungle, lasts well in water. Chimata, a tear, literally „water of the eye”. Chimata-an, crying, literally „giving out water from the eye”. China, a Chinaman; the country China. Chinchang, to chop, to cut in small pieces. Chinechératan, a species of Nauclea; a good timber tree. Chinchin, a ring, either to wear on the finger, or for any other purpose. Chindawa, Saltpetre. Chindawa is probably a corruption of Sindudbhawa, CG. 784 rock | 1 salt, derived from Sindu G. 788 the ocean, the sea, the Indus; the Country along the | Ï AND ENGLISH. O1 Indus, or Sindh: and Udbhawa, P. 820 produced: abbreviated into the more smooth shape of Chindawa. It is called Sindawa, and Chendawan in Malay. (The more sim- ple form in Skr. is Saindhawa, a patronymie from Sindh, originating from Sindhu. We should prefer to derive Chindawa from Saindhawa. Fr.) CGhindé, a variety of cloth with peculiar pattern used for belts. Name of a pretty red flower, called also Kapas-chindé, from the cottony shape of the fibres of the seeds. Ching, an interrogative particle, how now? come tell me? what say you? Ghinggir, the little finger. Chingkëd, aw kwardly walking in fits and starts. Chingkir, a young Gocoanut which has not yet got a hard shell. Ghinta, to love, to have a tender regard for. Chintaya, G. 199, reflection, consideration, thought, meditation. (Chintá Skr. id, it has got the meaning love , in the same way „as the Latin cura. F.) Chipamali, name of a river in Tagal, which was of old the boundary between the Sun- da and Javanese districts. It means the river of Prohibitton, or which it is sacredly forbidden to pass. Chipansalu, name of a place near Bandong in the Prianger Regencies, where Mr. Junghuhn in August 1848 discovered some images of Siwa. Chi, Sunda, river. Pan- silu, C. 345, one of the celestial choristers or a musician of Swarga. A name of Si- wa. À name of Wiswakarma, C. 666 from Wiswa, universal, Karmma, act , action; the son of Brahma, and artist of the gods; the Sun. (Páncula, Wilson; a name of Siwa; a weapon of Siwa.) Chipati, called in Malay Santén. A milky matter got from the maceration of rasped Cocoa nut. Chirëbon, name of a Residency in Java. Chi, river: Rebon, small shrimps. See voce. Chiri, mark, sign, a mark by which anything may be again recognized. Chirian, to put a mark upon. Chis, the idiomatic expression of contempt. Said when the speaker wishes to express disgust. Chisapu, the water of burnt paddy straw, which is used as a lye; also much used in washing the head of hair, which it cleanses. (At Batavia the Javanese word mërang is used for paddy straw to be burnt for the above said purpose.) Chisusu, milk; literally water of the nipple. Milk is also frequently called Susu alone, which means nipple or teat. Chita, Chintz, a printed cloth so called. Chitra, C. 198 a painting , delineation, writing &c. Chita, an affection of the mind, sensibility, sometimes used with Duka as Chita-duka, sadness, melancholy. Chitta, C. 198 the mind or faculty of reasoning, the heart con- sidered as the seat of intellect, thought, conception. Ghitak, to cast in a mould, as iron or bricks, to mould, to impress, to print as a book or a cloth. 99 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE. Chitakan, anything that has undergone the proces of moulding. A mould, a form, a casting. Chitrës, compassion; condescending and friendly feeling towards any one. Ghium, to kiss, or rather take a sniff at any one, as natives would do all over the Ar- chipelago, the nose rather than the mouth being the organ in requisition. Even the distant natives of New-Zealand seem to salute each other ina similar way, which is called Ong’t, rubbing of noses. The word Chium is probably derived from Simbima or Simbinawa to kiss, G. 734. The latter syllables of these words are constructive parts peculiar to the Singhalese language. (Skr. Chumb, to kiss; Chwmbana, kissing.) Chiung, the name of a bird usually called by Europeans a Minor. This bird is black, with some white in the wings, and has a yellow flap or earlike appendage hanging down on each side of the head. This bird is easily taught to talk and the word Chiung is a representation of its usual cry. Lt is called about Batavia, Beo. In Sumatra it is called mina, Marsden Page 348. Gracula religiosa. (At Bali he is called Sung). Chiung wanara, a character in ancient Javanese history, connected with the founda- tion of Majapahitand Pajajaran, and brotherof Ariya Banga. He settled at Pajajaran. Raffles Vol. 2 Page 100. Wanara, G. 621 a monkey, from Wana a forest Lama to play. what plays in the forest, and thus in this case must be the Chiung which de- lights in the forest. As a young lad he was known as ki Jaka. As an infant he had been, like Moses set adrift on a river, either the Krawang or the Chitandui, in order to get rid of him. See Banyak wëdi. (Wanara is derived from wana by the affix ra; forest — a forester). Chiwit, to pinch a bit off, to take a small bit off anything by nipping it off with the nails, Choba, to try, to make an attempt or effort, to endeavour. Chobong, a whore, a woman of bad fame. A Z ee Chochéng, scabby, any wound producing ichorous matter. Chocho, to press down with the end of the finger, to stick the end of the finger against anything. Chochog, hit heavily against with the foot; struck endways with a stick or piece of wood. Rammed down. Chochok, to stop up, to bung up; a stopper, a bung; anything put into an aperture to close it, as a cork in a bottle or a wisp of straw or leaves stuffed into a bambu &c. Í Chochong’o-an, the upper and thin ends of sticks or bambus cut off. A derivative from Chong’o which see. Chochopét, the ear- wig insect. Forficula. Chochorot, a sort of pastry of the consistency of hasty-puddiug, much eaten by the, natives. | Cho-él, young and delicate leaves or vegetables eaten mostly unecooked with rice; a lit-/ AND ENGLISH. 93 tle red pepper is generally nipped up with the leaves before they are stufted into the mouth, and are called Cho-él sambel. Chohai, a frog which is sometimes found in houses, and which has the power of sticking to a perpendicular wall. Chokél, to dig or seratch out with a bit of stick or iron; to dig down or into a small hole by stamping something into it. Chokolada, European, The Cacao tree, Theobroma Cacao. Chocolate. Chokor, the foot, the paw, particularly of a beast; when applied to the foot of a man, which is often the case, it conveys and idea of indignity put upon the man who owns the foot. (At Bali it is a honourable name for foot; there from comes Chokor-da, your foot, cf. Jav. sampéyan, a title given to the highest Râjas. Fr.) Chokot, to take, to lay hold of. Lay hold! Chokrah, to make a hole in a bank of earth, in a bit of wood, or any other substance, by secooping out or twirling a knife in it. Chokrék, small stieks for fuel, small firewood, Chokrom, the egg-plant, Solanum melongena. Called Térong in Malay. Cholat, a white mark or star on a horse’s forehead. Chologor, the seed branch of an Arén or Kawung tree whilst yet young and unfit to be used for tapping to gather toddy to make sugar. Such seed branches, which af- ter properly beating and preparing refuse to give toddy are called Chologor. Cholok, shoved in between; inserted in; jammed into; to insert an instrument into an aperture. Mata na kacholok ku awi, his eye got run into by a bambu. Cholong, to steal, to take covertly, to abstract. Cholongehong, a bambu conical basket in which tame pigs are caught and transported. Chomas, name of a place, amongst others of an Estate near Buitenzong. Evidently com- pounded of Chi, river, and Omas, the name of a variety of Rattan, or it may be an abbreviation of Katomas, the gold and green leaved Justicia. Chomas, heard in Manjuang chomas, a variety of Justicaand is probably an abbreviation of Katomas. Chomblang, a pimp, a procuress. Chombrang, an unexpanded head- bud of the Honje, Geanthus speciosus. Chomél, grumbling dissatisfied; to murmur. Chomot, a lump, a pinch of anything taken in the fingers. Chomplong, a small tin measure in which salt is retailed; considerably less than a gan- tang; of various sizes. Chondong, inelined, tottering, about to fall. Chongchot, said of rice cooked by steaming, and just as turned out of the bambu stea- mer. Rice which has not undergone the process of Akëul which see. Chonggang, deficient, as if something had been taken out or away. 94 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Chongklang, to gallop, to trot, run away quickly as animals. Chongkok, name of a plant, Curculigo latifolia. Chongkok, some small kinds of tigers or panthers are also called Chongkok. (The ma- chan chongkok is not larger than a wild cat.) Chongkok, is also the name of atree, otherwise called Mambëärëuta. Chong’o, the extremity of a branch; the branches or the small upper end of a tree or of a bambu, in contradistinction to the lower and thick end which is called PuAu. Chonto, a muster, a sample, a pattern, a model. Cho-o, to have in keeping, to give food and wages to servants or labourers. To keep and feed animals for use. To keep as a garden, or more properly the plants therein. To look after and keep in order. Këbo kudu di cho-o, Buftaloes must be taken care of. Kébon di eho-o deut, the garden is again kept in order. Chop, the idiomatic expression of a thorn, needle or anything sharp running into any part of the body. Aduh chop loba chuchuk, mercy on us how the thorns prick. Choplok, fallen out, displaced, separated from its usual position. Chopong, having a hole through, open, gaping, not shut. Chopot, fallen out, displaced; of the same meaning as Choplok but not quite so strong. Choréham, the jaws, the chaps; the after teeth, the molars otherwise also called Cha- réham. Chorét, to make a mark or streak; a mark made by way of a tally to daub in streaks. Chorogol, a large tree; a variety of wild Rambutan or Tundem which later word see. Ghorok, to stick in or between, as a carrying stick into anything that has to be carried on the shoulders. Pachorok, taken by mistake, confounded. Ghorong, to pass through a funnel, Ghorongan, a funnel. Chos, the idiomatic expression of shoving in, or inserting one thing within another. Chos di aduktn, and he shoved them into one another. Chowak, an opening cut in a forest or jungle, as where a road might pass through; a gap. Chowéné, a young marriageable woman; a maidenhead. Yowwana, C. 518, youth, man- hood; an assemblage of young women. The Sunda word looks like a corruption of this expression made feminine. Chu, Chinese, ardent spirits, arrack. Chua, not pleasing, not convinced, of no avail, disappointed. Chuan, Dont, be sure not to; also frequently used as Pachuan which see. Chuan aya nu nyokot, be sure that no body takes any. Chubit, to pinch, to nip. Chubluk, a pit fall; a hole dug in the earth aud lightly covered over with branches &c. into which any wild animal will fall if he steps upon it, especially Rhinoceroses. AND ENGLISH. 95 Chuchuk, thorns, sharp spines on plants, or in the gills of some fish. Chuechunduk, flowers or ornaments stuck in the handkerchief above the ear, when worn by men. See Wiraga. Chuchung’uk, a cock-roach, a variety of the cock-roach insect. Chuchurut, the musk rat, called in Malay Ghinchurit. Chunehu, Chuchichundari, C. 200, the muskrat. (At Batavia Chrurut). Chuechut, a shark, which are very large and very plentiful in the seas round Java. Ghuhehur, a variety of kuéh or native pastry. Chuhehur, a bird which makes a loud noise, particularly on moonlight nights, soun- ding like a carpenter dubbing or squaringa piece of wood, to which the natives com-= pare it. A Goat-sucker. Podargus Javanensis of Horsfield. Ghuka, vinegar. Chukra, G. 200, sour, acid; acid seasoning; also the Tamarind tree; sorrel. Chuka in Sanserit is vinegar, Grawfurd’s dessertation Page 117. (?). Chukang, a bridge. Anything as a stick or bambu laid across running water or a Sap, over which a man may pass. Chukangkang, a liane in the forest. Hoya multiflora. Chuk-chëlok, first in one place and then in another; often removing or changing place of abode. Erratic. Chuké, tax or toll paid to government. The proportion of the crop which a landholder gathers in kind, as the corp comes off the ground. Chukit, to put or yoke an animal especially a buffaloe, to a cart or plough , and start him off. Chukul, getting what one wants; abundantly rewarded, successful. Chukup, sufficient in number, or quantity; complete-Possessing the means to accomplish any end. Chukupkën, to supply all that is wanted, to complete. Chukup-lumur, hushing up a story, or impleasant occurrence. Hayang ménta chukup= lumur bai, T am desirous of having the matter hushed up. Chukur, to shave. Péso-chukur, a knife to shave; a razor. Chul, the idiomatie expression of throwing away or abandonning; of letting go anything which we hold. Chul bat di picheun and away he ftung it. Chula, a Rhinoceros horn, or anysingle horn projecting from the snout. An opprobrious name for a good for nothing fellow. Chula, G. 200, a lock of hair left on the erown of the head; a crest; a peacock’s crest (35). Chulak-chilëk, staring about; peeping and peering every where. Confused and looking wildly in all directions without knowing what to do. (35) Châdá (with cerebral d, which in pronounciation resembles to 4) has in Skr. the meanings given by Clough, besides that of top, summit etc. Fr. 96 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Chulak-tanggul, name of a tree whichis often found parasitically growing upon some other tree. Aralia Rigida. Chulaméga, the dregs of Cocoa nut pulp from which oil has been expressed or boiled out. (Megha, is a cloud, originally making water !?) Chulan, Aglaia odorata, name of a shrub with bunches of small flower buds, which are laid amongst clothes. The plant is orginally Chinese who call it Chiulan, and is mixed with tea. Chulanggok, hfting and darting forward the head, as a snake, bird or animal about to bite or start off. Ghulik, a fabulous or fancied animal or bird heard at night time in trees, and thought to forbode evil. It is no doubt some night- bird which has a sharp shrill ery. The natives have also an idea that the eyes of children buried in any dam or water- works will ensure their not giving way or breaking down, and men who go about the coun- try for the sake of gouging children for this purpose are called Chulik. They are much talked about and much dreaded, but a real actual occurrence of the kind never came within my knowledge, even during a 12 years residence amongst the natives. Chumah, of no use, useless, helpless. Chumanggah, said of young growing paddy when it first gets two leaves. Cliumbu, to fondle, to caress, to pet. Chumbana, C. 200 , to kiss, kissing. (Vide Chium.) Chumi-Chumi, the cuttle fish, Lioligo. Chumplung, a Gocoanut which has been eaten by the squirrels, and is thus empty. Chumpon, just sufficient for any purpose; sufficient and none over. Chunduk, obeying, submitting to, revereneing. Chunduk ka ratu, sacha ka ménak, sub- mitting to the king, cleanbreasted with the nobles. Chunduk, arrived at, come uptothe time. Geus chunduk ka bulan na, we have arrived at the month. Chungehurungan, the rump bone, the fundament. Chunia, a variety of cargo boat. It is Chinese Shun a boat. Chupang, name of a fish, found especially in pounds; it is somewhat like Gurami, but much smaller. Chuplak-chéplak, smacking the lips in eating; enjoying what is eaten. Chupu, a small metal vase or case with a circular lid fitting to it; often used for hol- ding part of the siri engredients, as Tobacco &c. A. casket. Chupu, a variety of Mangga so called. Chur, the idiomatie expression of pouring out water, grain, sand or any thing that will run; said also of rain; Chur hujan, and down the rain came. Chur di chichiken, and out he poured it. Churi, to steal. Chowri G. 201. Stealing, theft. (36). (36) Skr. Chur to steal; Chium and chur are two ofthe few words taken from the Sanskrit, which AND ENGLISH. 97 Churug, a water-fall, a cascade. A word compounded of Chai, water, and wrug, to tumble down. Ghuruk, the fore-finger; any finger of the hand. Churuk bugang, the middle finger, literally the carcass finger. Also called St Jang- kung, the long chap. Churuluk, the fruit bearing stem of the Kawung Palm tree, in contradistinction to the other fructication stem called Leungan or hand, which does not bring its fruit to per- fection, but which gives abundance of toddy, which is with difficulty extracted from the Churuluk for the purpose of making Sugar. The small nuts which grow on the Churuluk stem are also known by the name of Churuluk. The Churuluk is thus most probably the female, and the léung'an the male part of the Palm. Chut, the idiomatic expression of disappearing, of vanishing. Chutak, a small division of a Country; the officer over such division. Dachin. the Chinese steelyard for weighing pikuls, catties and tails. It is on the prin- ciple of the steelyard of Europe, but made of wood. Dada, the breast. Dada, C. 254 the belly. Dadak, to do any work hurriedly, to improvise, to get up on the spur of the moment. Pagawéan ari ngarah pageuh utah di dadak, If you want strong work, do not do it hurriedly. Dadali, called in Javanese Kedhali; a variety of swallow which collect in floeks on sun- ny afternoons. It roosts in caverns of limestone roek, and is often mistaken for the Kapindis or the swallow which makes the edible bird’s-nests. The nest of the Dadali is not eatable. It is also different from the Walét or house swallow. Dadampar, a stand, as a tray for tea-things, the saucer of the cup‚ and thelike. (Also a seat). Dadap, a tree, the Erythrina Indica. Flus treeis planted in Java among coffee trees for the sake of its shade; it grows quickly from cuttings. Dadara, said of the female young of animals wlich have not yet borne young. Not said of human beings. See Dara. Dadas, clean swept away, or taken away so as to expose the bottom of anything, or lay it bare- as earth cleared away from the surface of rock. Bendungan geus dadas sakali kadasar, the dam is swept clean away to the bottom. Dadaulatan, to venture, to make an effort, to try. To trust one's luck. Derived from the Arabic word Daulat, prosperity, welfare, fortune. are not Derivata (Substantiva)in that language, but the real roots. For the sake of pronounciation is of Chumb: the b dropped (it appears again in chumbu, where it is not final) and an? inserted; in chu- ri an éd is added to the naked form of the Skr. Chur, It will be not easy to find much more such roots in the Polynesian languages, but they show, what the people of India once attempted, when they brought their language into the Archipelago. Fr, 98 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Dadaun, that part of a kris sheath, which sits cross ways and holds the broad hilt of the kris; it is often eurled up in an ornamental manner. Dadawuhan, to have periods, or be subject to periodicity, as a tree which becomes bare when it changes its leaves. A period when any particular fruit comes into season. Said also of birds which appear to migrate, and are only seen at certain seasons, as snipe, or plover. (At Bali it means the measuring of time by a kind of elepsydra). Dadu, Dice; Mata-dadu, Dice pattern, said of a cloth «with pattern in small squares. Portuguese Dados, dice. Dadu is also Singhalese. C. 265, a kind of nut or large seed used as dice in playing a certain game. The Singhalese, no doubt, have the word also from the Portuguese. Dadung, a thick rope for tying a buffaloe. Dadut, weighty, bunchy and large. Daftar, Arabic, a list, inventory, register. (A word of Persian origin, introduced into Arabic. Freytag). Dagang, to trade, to buy and sell. Zukang dagang, a merchant, a trader. Dagangan, merchandise, goods for sale. Anything which we wish other people to take over from us, as to adopt our views &c. A choice of alternatives. Dagangkën, to put up for sale, to expose for sale. To try to induce other people to join our views and do as we do. Dagé, the fruit of any tree, as of Gocoanut, Pichung, or of the pulse called Kachans, which is set aside to mellow and soften or even to partly rot, as in the case of the cocoanut, that the oil, by such process, may be easily separated. Pulp. Daging, flesh, animal substance. The grain of wood. Daging, a variety of mangga so called. Dago, to wait, to tarry. Di dago wat to datang, we waited but he did not come. Kam: kudu di dagoän, you must wait for me. Dagoän, to wait for any one Dagor, hit, struck, rapped. Dagorkën, to rap, to strike. Daha, name of an ancient kingdom of Java, of which the capital was in the province of Kédiri, called in Javanese Doho. It was one of the numerous petty states, into which Java was divided, on the death of Déwa Kasuma in the 9th century. Daha, C. 268 a lake or pond in which the lotus grows. Dahar, to eat, to partake of; afine expression and said of great men’s eating. Aai ëukëur dahar, the old gentleman is taking refreshment. Dahdar, presents of clothes, of catables &c., but not of money. Dahëuan, a brother or sister of our wife, who is older than her. Dahi, as di daki, to cut and trim the eyebrows, as young coquette native girls do. Dahu, period, precise time, the moment when anything is to occur. Geus datang ka da- hu na, its time had come. (See above Dadawuhar). AND ENGLISH. 99 Dahu, name of a tree, Dracontomelon mangiferum, formerly called Paupertia Dulcis. Daik, to be willing, to wish to, to will. Daik ka mana, Where are you going to? Daik balik, 1 am going back. Daik-daik, malicious, willingly doing wrong, wayward. Daik-kén, to be willing, Dairah, ar: Circuit, region, province; district, jurisdiction. Dak-dék, the idiomatie expression of being actively employed on any work. Dak also alone sometimes occurs. Daki, scurf, dandriff, any dust or foulness about the skin, such as the foulness which collects in a currycomb after being used on a horse. The dust which adheres to rice or other grain after pounding or grinding. Dalang, the man who recites the story at a Wayang. A Bard. Dalapan, Eight; literally „two folded down”. see lep. Dualëpan == Dalapan. (Another de- rivation is from dua and alapan „taking away two” (from ten); herewith corresponds salapan „taking away one”, which is used in Sundanese for nine Fr.) Dalapanblas- Eighteen. Dalapanpuluh, Eighty. Dalém or dalam, a title of respect for a high native, such as a Regent, and as such is prefixed to their name of rank, as Dalem Adipati, Dalem Tumunggungy. Such men of rank are also spoken of familiarly as the Dalem, and the word Padaleman implies the place where the Dalem lives. Dalem is no doubt thesameas Malay Dalam, within as in the estimation of natives, inner arrangements or a withdrawal from public view is considered consistent with a great man's dignity. Dalëm, as di dalem, individually, distributively, within the compass of. Didalem sa orang kabagian sapatong séwang individually each man got alittle bit. Didalem is also Ma- lay, and in that language implies, in, within, as well as the meaning attached to it in Sunda, The Sunda people retain the word only in a sort of metaphorical sense, as given above, and use di jero for in, within. Dalil, ar: proof, argument; guide, direction. This is not a word in common use, still it is not unknown. Many years agoascoundrell who caused a disturbance in Bantam had himself called Pangeran Adipati Dalil, the Pangeran Adipati who is a Guide. Dalima, the pomegranate, Punica granatum. Darima, C. 259 an kind of pome granate. (Dálima, with cerebral d, is the Sanscriy, word.) Dalu, rotten with ripeness, over- ripe. Daluang or Daluwang, paper. Probably originally the bark of certain trees macerated and used for clothing as in the South seas, or used as paper, as is still the case in a few places in Java, as in Madiun. Daluwa, C. 260 The young shoot of the leaf, a bud. Is this the young shoots of the Palm leaf used for writing on, with ng suffixed ? Dalung, a copper cooking pot, short and round, not tall like the s£éng. 100 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Damar, rosin, dammar. A torch, a candle, a bundle of split bambus used asa flambeau. Dummala, C, 77 a kind of resin. Damaran, to throw light upon, to bring a damar to licht up a place. Damé, peace, tranquillity, friendly feeling between parties. To do anything with mutual understanding, of one accord. Dampa, the munchang or kamiri fruit, when there are two stones in one fruit. See Géudul. A game of chance depending upon the number of stones in one fruit. Dampal, the sole of the foot; the palm of the hand. Dampal suku, sole of the foot; Dampal leungan, palm of the hand. Dampar, a throne, a royal seat. Dampas, to cut off even with the ground, as the stump of a tree. Dane, a designation forayoung female attendant about great people. Heard only in Pan- tuns as Dayang Dang, a damsel who is a handmaid; a maid of honour. Dang’ah, looking upwards towards heaven; resupine; with the head and eyes stretched upwards. é Dangdanan, to construct, to build, to form in order; to dress, to put on accoutrements. Preparations. Pidangdaneun, materials. Dangdang, to clear a space in jungle which has been felled, soasto prevent fire sprea- ding, which may be applied to other parts; cleared up in order; to prepare, to get ready. (See the preceding). Dangdang, is properly a cooking pot made of earthenware, but in shape like the cop- per Sé-éng. Im Malay the copper pot of this shape is called Dangdang. Zukang dang- dang in Sunda, however, is the man who makes copper Sé-éngs. Dangdëèr, Janipha manihot; a shrub which gives an edible root, a variety of manihot; also called manihot utilissima. Dangka, anything that attaches to people or times before the introduction of Mahomeda- nism; unenlightened; almost corresponds to our Meathen or Pagan. There are also Dangka people, such as have not embraced Mabomedanism, as the Badui of South Bantam and Dangka mountains where some heathen superstitions are still in vogue. Dangka in Bali is the name of a petty village official under the Gaduh or Mandor, and are Sudras by birth. Bat. Frans. Vol. 23. On consulting Mr. Friederich regarding this word Dangka, he writes me „„ Dangka is not Sanscrit, (37) nor can I find any word from which iteould be corrupted. It can hardly be expected to be a corruption from Zungka, in these parts. Jangka, after all means- axe, crow, stone-cutters chisel; grief upon separation from a beloved object; fear, terror- root tak, to live in distress. To (37) It does not oecur in the Amara Cosha, in Wilson, and in Bopp's Glossarium. ‘The other Sanscrit dictionaries are not at hand. Fr. AND ENGLISH. 101 Dangka I have further to add, that it appears in Javanese in the form Dangka (Dong- ko) and means according to Gericke Page 544 „the abode or dwelling of a Buta; a common miserable house. Madadangka, to have an abode (of a Buta); to live in a bad house”. Dantan, a female buffaloe which has not yet had a calf. Danu, a lake, a large swampy lakein Bantam north from the Gunung Karang. (See the following. Jav. ranu). Danu, Prosperous, abundant. Zahun danu, an abundant year. (Danu, Skr. a.donor, a giver. The lakes or tanks (in India) might certainly be considered as donors of the means of existence. Fr.) Dapit, to fasten anything together by tying them between two sticks, slips of bambus so used, called in Malay Japit. Daptar, ar: a register, an inventory, a written list of things. (See daftar). Dapur, a kitchen, a cooking place, a fire place for cooking. An oven. A stoolor busn, as of Bambus, Sugar cane or similar plants. Dar, ar: mansion, abode, Only heard in the religious expression Dar-al- Salam, the man- slon of bliss, of peace. Dara, a young woman who has just got her first child. Dara C. 266, a wife, See Dadara. (88). Dara, a tame pigeon, columba, rarely used; the ordinary word is Japati which see. Manuk Dara or wife bird no doubt alludes to the pigeon let fly by the wife who commits herself to the flames on the death of her husband, as is still the case in Bali. (Japatt = Jagapati, victorlous.) Darajat, to obtain an encrease of title, rank or the like. To get riches, to obtain pros- perity. Daradjat Marsden 181 is Arabic and means steps of a stair case, or ladder; a degree of honour; rank. Darangdang, Ficus Heteropleura, one of the numerous varieties of wild figs. Darapon, at random, any how, as long as you can get it; without selection, the first that comes. Darat, land, in eontradistinction to water, drylard, the shore. Dara, C. 258 the Earth. May be derived from Addara, C. 23, the edge, border, margin; and Rata, C. 581. a country, a district, and be thus the margin land. (Dharat, participle of dhri with ri vocalis; from the same root is dhara, which means also the earth. Fr.) Dardur the idiomatic expression of loud and successive claps, as of thunder, or the fre- quent discharge of cannon. Any other loud noise which is frequently repeated at short intervals. Violent disputing between parties attended with noise, (35) Dárá and Dáráh, in the plural form of the masculine gender means a wife; Dáraka, a son; a child, an infant, or young animal (see Dáâdara); Dáriká, a daughter, (also a whore). Dárakarman, marriage. Wilson. 102 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Daro, the ancient name of the Sultan's Canal cut from the Chidurian by Sultan Lirta Yasa. Perhaps this name is the Sanscrit Daru, C. 267 , a giver, a donor, one inclined to make gifts: a liberal and munificent man, thus conveying an idea of the munificence in causing such a work to he accomplished. (Dáru is Skr.) Darurung, the rafters of a flooring, to which the planks are nailed, and in a native’s house the round bambu rafters on which are laid the Palupuh or flooring of the house, and which are tied together by the sarang, or slips of split bambu. See Sarang. Dasar, custom, habit, practice. Dasar na, because, for the reason that. Dasar, bottom, the floor of any place; the lowest layer of anything. The bottom. The bottom of water, the bed of a river. The floor or ground under any water. Zo nepi ha dasar, It does not reach the bottom. Dasar, name of the flat ground which surrounds the Bromo in Probolingo. The Bromo is the erater or central mount in this extraordinary Volcano. Probably it has its ori- gin in Dahasara, C. 268, from Daha, burning, Sara to go, a place where dead bo- dies are burnt. Dahasara would easily contract into Dasar. Offerings are still made in the Dasar by the Tenggerese to the ancient heathen gods of Java. In Hindu times the Bromo may have been looked upon as a natural burning place made by the gods. Daster, Persian, a turban, such as worn by Hajis. Dat, devine essence, substance. Properly zat which is arabic. Datang, to come, to arrive. Unto, until. Geus datang,he has come. Datang ka anggeus, until it is done. Datangkën, to cause to come, to produce, to bring forward. Datar, flat, in contradistinction to hilly. Datu, chief, chieftain; used of foreign chiefs, not those of Sunda. Datu Palémbangy, such a chief of Palembang. It seemsto bea modification of the more usual word Ratu. Daud, arabie. David. Dauk, iron-grey, the colour of a horse. Daulat, ar: Prosperity, welfare, fortune, wealth; Prosperons, fortunate. Crawfurd, See Dadaulatan. Daun, a leaf; also sometimes heard as Dawon. The word is probably derived from Daru, a period, a particular time, or season, and compounded with an is Dahwvan, which by usual contraction would become Dahon or Dawon, and would then signify anything having a periodicity. This idea of periodicity has been applied to leaves from seeing them fall off and change, whilst the stem or tree remained permanently. Many trees in the tropics cast their leaves entirely before getting a new erop, though the usual rule is, that the change is made imperceptibly. Daun aksara, the alphabet leaf. A small but very curious and pretty leaf which grows on a humble plant, generally on alump of roek in a moist mountainous position. The marks are thought to represent the Alphabet. AND ENGLISH. 105 Dawa, ar. a lawsuit; a dispute carried before a court or authority to be adjusted. Dawtëuh, a small variety of rattan, used for cords or whips. Dawuh, period. Dawuh kiwari, at this present moment. The same as Dalm. Dadawuhan, to have periods, or be subject to periodicity. Daya, to deceive, to persuade to anything under false pretences. Artifice, trick, Pro- bably the same as Daya in the following word Dayang, and thus deceiving by a show of affection. Dayang, damsel, maid of honour. This name is much applied to females in ancient story, as Dayang Trusnawati. The word is probably derived from Daya, C. 258 with a nasal twang to it. Tender, compassionate. Love, affection , tenderness. Dayéuh, a chief village, a chief town; a Capital. Dayung, an oar, apaddle; to row. Dédég, rank, position in life; stature, height of a man. Luhur na sa dèdig, it was as high as the stature of a man. Dèédèël, to press down, to force down. A post or piece of wood, a block, or chock jam- med in so that it forces and holds some object down. Deédèr, to cast out seed on aseed bed; to raise seedling plants which have subsequently to be planted out. Dédéran kopi, beds in which young seedling coffee plants are raised. Dedérék, a kind of plover or large snipe- like bird, making its appearance in the wet monsoon; it frequents upland grasslands rather than swamps. Dédés, a sort of musk cat which is plentiful in the jungles, and from which musk is extracted, when kept for the purpose in cages. Horsfield has called it Viverra Rassí. Rassé being the Malay or Batavian name. The musk of the Dédés animal. Dédéskëén, to shove down; to stamp down. Dédëuyan, to repeat, to do or say again. Derived from Deut again. DBédéwan, derived from Déwa, a pagan deity. A sort of deceptive trick or mystification practised by the Sunda people. It is in some respects analogous to Biology, only the operator pretends to be invested with the power of a Dewa. Kasurupan dedéwan, to be possessed of a divinity. A divinity has taken possession of his body. Di jampéan ka na dèdéwan, to use incantations so that a divinity may take possession of his body. Dédogéran, to work hard at difficult work; to toil; said also of an animal walking or running through bogey land, where difficulty is experienced in pulling out the fect. Dé-éng, raw flesh cut in strips and dried im the sun till it can be preserved without de- composition. Called in Malay Dengdéng. Dé-ét, shallow, not deep. Dégdëg, occurs in „Batara Déegdég Buwana”, the name of an ancient supernatural po- wer or divinity, but of which the natives can give no distinct account. It appears to mean: the divinity who encompasses the world, who has the world at his disposal, or who pervades the universe. 104 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Déeél, unhairy, beardless, short - cropped. Déhém, a hem, a suppressed cough to call any one’s attention. Déhéman, to call any one's attention by a hem. Dék, the idiomatie expression of striking or cutting. Dek di kadék he gave a slap at with his chopper. Del, the idiomatic expression of breaking or snapping as a rope. Del bai tambang na pegat, and the rope snapped short off. Délan, called in Malay P'rast;, a native condiment prepared from rotten fish and shrimps. Dèlég, a variety of the Gabus fish, but smaller. Deélés, the wiek of an oil lamp or of a candle. Délu, the zodiacal sign Aquarius. Dëémak, name of a district East from Samarang. The word is a contraction of Demalakan, (?) which in Javanese means an extensive swamp. Raffes Vol 2, Page 124, Démang, a native district police officer; a petty district officer under a Regent. This word, like almost all other titles of rank, is probably of Sanscrit origin. The first part being an abbreviation of Adhi, C. 24, chief, superior; and Mang may be Mun, an Elu form of Manushya, orit may be derived from Mana, C. 514, to know, to understand, the mind considered as the seat of thought or reflection. The termination is made in ng in conformity with a frequent Polynesian predilection: and the whole word will then indicate a person who is chief, or who is conspicuous for reflection. The Démangs were the leaders of their countryman, as instanced in the well known case of Demang Lebar Daun, who led the Malays from the interior of Sumatra. This clipping of the initial letter of Adhi in composition is heard in Diyéng; and adhipatiis frequently heard pro- nounced Dipati. Démi, by; as Demi allah, by God. Demi rasul allah by the Apostle of God, by Mohammad. Démpét, jammed, fast between two objects. D&émpuk, squat and fat; obese. Démpul, putty, me and oil made to a paste. Dénda, fine, penalty, mulct. Danda, C. 254, fine: forfeit, chastisement. Déngdék, inelined, sloping, aslant. When said of the Sun, it implies some hour after noon. Mata-pot geus dengdek, the sun is aslant, it is past noon. Déngdéng, to cut the end off a bit of wood, or other object fair and square, so as not to be sloping. Cut off square at the end, Cha-ah dengdeng, a lood that comes down all at once, in a great mass of water all of a sudden, some two to four feet a breast; like what in Bangal is called the Bore, when applied to the tide. Déngdéng, repeatedly, for all that; notwithstanding some cause which ought to prevent it; nevertheless. Beunang oméan dengdeng to meunang di paké, after mending it, ne- vertheless it is not fit to use. AND ENGLISH. 105 Déng’é, hear, listen, audible. Zo kadeng'e, L could not hear it. (39). Déng’ékén, to listen, to pay attention, to obey, Déngki, envy, malice. Déngkléng, with the back curved inwards in a man or downwards in a beast. Déngklëung or Déngklung, a tune in singing, especially with angkulungs. Dénok, fat, in good flesh, in good case. Dépa, reposing, erouched down as an animal when lying on the ground or asleep. Dépét, a batten; the slips of bambu, or other substance used for securing anything to- gether. Dérëgdëg, riving and tearing away. Slipping helplessly down a bank or any other steep place. Dérék, relationship. Saderek, of one relationship, descent or family. Dèërëp, a portion of paddy given to the reapers for their trouble in assisting to cut‚ which is 2 Od what they cut. Dèrigama, having suspicion; being awake tosome occurrence. On the qui vive. The word is evidently Sanscrit. The nearest solution to be found in Clough is Dhairyya, C. 308 steadiness, firmness, strength, courage, boldness. Agama, C. 61 an approaching, a coming. An approaching with boldness (from being aware of deception). (40). Dérma, benevolence, charitable feeling, liberality, moral propriety. Dharma, C. 299 of previous import. This is a great word amongst Buddhists and implies a variety of mo- ral obligations, and the word very likely implied formerly, what it now implies in In- dia, but since the conversion of the natives to Mohammedanism, many of these obligations have become obsolete and forgotten. Déës, the idiomatie expression of cracking or breaking, as when a thick piece of wood breaks or snaps. Des bai injén pedati, the pedaty axle broke slap in two. (39) In Kawi exists the forms Q@,, déngë, and aa de, réngë; the farung () indicating that a letter is suppressed; this letter , which occurs in Malay, „Eo dëöng’ar, and Javanese Q or menen dën- gör, déngër, in Kawi and Sundanese is suppressed because the first letter of the word is al- ready an » or the cerebral d, which resembles in pronounciation (at least in former times) to r. The Javanese has also felt this, and we find there rung’u EN ander Eens mi-dangët, to hear; in the first the 7 is omitted, in the second supplanted by é; urn mi-réng, is an abbreviation of Kawi ,@,, With ne corresponds in Kawi EEN réngua. To the Sundanese déng'é is the next hl S d in form the Javanese menen déngër, but the last has got the meaning to understand, which is naturally derived from to hear, to listen. Fr. (40) More probable is a derivation from dirgha, long, far, and ma (from má) measuring, where with the meaning in Sundanese corresponds; Jav. drigama or dirgama (see Gericke), means to deny, to declare oneself faultless: also this meaning might be perhaps elicited from dirghama, but is much farther off, than the meaning attached to dërigama in Sundanese. Fr. 14 106 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Désa, country, region, village- little used, and not applied to the villages as in Javanese. Desa, C. 288, a country, a region whether inhabited or uninhabited. Guru-desa, the village monitor, the constellation Pleiades. (In Bali this constellation, Krëttiká, Skr., is also the monitor for rural occupations. Fr.) Déudèul, a stanchion, a prop, a shore. Déudëulëuhan, sight. See DEuléuh, Déudéur, beaten as a path, worn smooth by frequently passing over. Déuhëus, near, close, in proximity. Ngadeuheusan, to approach, to draw near to. Deu- heus ka mah, near to the house. Déui, again, more. Sit dewt, one more. Sakali dewi, omce more. Deut di peupeuliken, again I told him. Dëéukéut, near, close to, nigh, Deukeut ka lwmbur, close to the village. (Malay dëkat; Jav. Eran) Déukëéutan, to go near to, to approach. Déukéutkën, to bring close, to cause to come near. Déulëuh, to see, to view; behold! look! Deudeuleuhan, sight. Déung'an, other people, strangers; no relation, not of our family. Di chachag deung'an, strangers have chopped him, or wounded him. Ka jelëma eta ma, déungan bai, to that man I am no way related. Déung’déëung’an, other folks, the rest of the people; some one else than ourself. Déupa, a fathom; as much as a man can embrace with two arms extended. (Malay dëpa). Déuréus, seeing that, taking into consideration that; deureus ku anyar kénéh, seeing that it is so new. Also said of any improper act that is presumingly often repeated, Deu- reus teuyn sia laléwa you too often repeat your monkey tricks. Déwa, a heathen god, divinity. Deitiesof the Hindu mythology. Dewa, C. 285, a deity, a god, a divine being. In old Javanese history Dewa, is often applied, as is still the case on Bali, to Kings or supreme rulers. Dewa kusuma, is the name of a King of Janggala, celebrated in Javanese romance,and Dewa Agung, is still the nominal supreme king of Bali, and ruler of the petty state of Klongkong. Déwata, a heathen god, a deity; sometimes a demon. Dewata, C. 286, a god, a deity, any divine person. Déwék, I, mine. Using this word the person neither puts himself very high nor very low. It is thus a rather independent appellative of self. Déwi, a goddess; the feminine of Dewa which see. Dewit, C. 287, the feminine of Dewa. Dewi Sri, the goddess Lakshmi, the deity of prosperity, Ceres. Di, a particle prefixed to a verb, by which it becomes passive, in the same way as in Malay. Di béré, it was given. Di gitik, he was thrashed. Di buka, it was opened. Di, the preposition- at, in, upon. Di handap, below. Di imah, at home; Di zero, inside; Di war, outside. By seeking in the dictionary for the word which follows dî, the | Ï | E | AND ENGLISH. 107 meaning will be traced. This particle Di is of extensive use and occurs in almost every sentence uttered. Di in Singhalese is used as a suffix signifying during, while. Luam- brick’s Singhalese grammar, Ceylon 1834 Page 110. Di atas, in consideration of, seeing that, as for, Di atas sia budak ngora era, considering that you are a young man, you ought to be ashamed, Di dahi, to shaveand trim the eyebrows, so as to make them handsome in a native’s opinion. Di dinyo, on that very spot; there with emphasis; at that critical period. Di ditu, there, alluding to some spot ata distance. Di diyo, here, in this place. Diga, as, like as, resembling, like. Diga nu édan, like a madman. Dikiran, to sing in praying, or in reading the Koran. The word is Arabic Deikir and implies praise, thanksgiving to God, See Tahlil. Dikso-Dikshaä, C. 278 sacrificing, offering oblations, engaging in a certain course of re- ligious austerities. NB. at the village of Divo onthe Progo river, Dipo Negoro made his first stand in the great rebellion of 1825/30, being considered a place of mystic authority and importance, which its name seems to indicate, (Dikshâ Ser. in the sense given by Clough. Very useful should be paying attention to the fact mentioned and similar ones. These fools and impostors remain the same always and every where. Fr.) Di luar, outside, beyond, without. Di luhur, above, on the top of. Dim, an inch, a measure of length; the 12 part of a foot or kakt which see. Derived from the Dutch word Duim, an inch. Di na, at, at any particular place. Di na gedong, at the chief dwelling house. Di na imah na, at his house. Di na chai, at the river. The na is the possessive pronoun, only placed before and not after the substantive. Din, arabic, faith, religion, worship. Occurs constantly in the composition of proper names as Kamarudin, Samsudin, which see. Dingding, anything perpendicular and flat, like a curtain, a piece of wall &c. Lancha dingding, the curtain or wall-spider from its weaving its web perpendicularly in front of caverns or other apertures, which it appears to wall up. Dinyo, spot, place- time, moment. See Di dinyo and Ti dinyo. Dio, and Diyo, here, this place. Di, at, yo, this. 7% diyo ka ditu, from this place to that. Dipa, a word often occuring as a man’s name, or in the composition of proper names of places, or chiefs. Dipa, C. 270. an elephant. See Jambu Dipa. Adhipa, C. 24 a lord, a chief ruler. (41). _(&L) Dwipa, two times drinking; an elephant; an island. But Dipa a lamp, from dip, to shine, to have a lustre. Where the word means island, it is naturally a corruption of Dwipa. In the pro- per name of man it might mean the sun, or be the same as adhipa. Fr. 108 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Dipati, an abbreviated form of Adipati which see. Diri, self, our own person. Dirt na, your own self or person, his or herself. Dité, the first day of an ancient Sunda weak of seven days, but derived from India. Dite is probably the same as Adi, C. 23 the wife of Kasyapa, which is one of the names of Aruna, the charioteer of the Sun. She was the mother of the gods, and also some- times represented as the mother of the Sun. The following is a list of the names of the days of this ancient week. (42). Dité is the present Achad or Sunday. Soma id Senin 4 Monday. Anggara ee Salasa 3e Tuesday. Buda is Rébo Ke Wednesday. Raspati, ie K hëémis kb Thursday. Suprah 5 Jumahat 5 Friday. Tumpëék 55 Saptu ik Saturday. see each word voce. In Ceylon Sunday is represented by Zrida the day of ra, the Sun. C. 70. (Supra must be Sukra; Raspati is Wrihaspati. Cf. Transact. Bat. Soc. on Bali. 28. p. 51.) Ditu, there, that plaee. 7 mana? ti ditu, where do you come from? from that place. Diya, you, thou; a milder and more friendly expression than Sia. Diyëém, properly Malay, but often heard as an order to be quiet; Silence! Diyëéng, the highest part of the Gunung Prawu, inland of Pakalongan, and where the chief monuments of Hindu antiquity in that range, are still found. The word is evi- dently derived from Adhte C. 24, chief, superior, over, above and yang, divinity see voce. Adhi-hyang—Chief-divinity, in same way as Adhi-pati, chief lord, is formed. Diyëuk, to sit down, be seated. Diyeuk di dinyo, sit down there. (43). Doa, arabie, prayer, invocation, benediction. Ngirim doa, to invoke a benediction. Dobol, with a hole in it; in holes; burst out. (At Batavia it means also opened, widened, where there ought to be no opening.) Dodol, a sweetmeat made of rice flour, brown sugar and cocoanut. (42) Aditya, child of Aditi is the common nameof thesun. In Dité the first syllable is cut and in the last the ya in the usual way contracted to é Another form is Röditi; where IT am inclined to believe that the röis only a misrepresentation of the independent commeneing sound á. (Ga3 an) Fr. (43) Diyeuk might be related to the Malay duduk; the Sundanese is the simple form with a pro- longation of the vowel; dudok, seems to be a reduplication, and has not altered the vowel, just for reason of the reduplicating syllable. (Diyéuk, shorter pronounced yet, than it appears from the wri- ting, is rather monosyllabie. So (monosyllabic) are all the »nidiomatic expression” of this dictionary, and they will turn out to be the real roots of the greatest part of the languages of the Archipelago. But this is no sign that these languages represent a broken Sanscrit. Fr. AND ENGLISH. 109 Dodol, a variety of mangga so called. Doja, to tempt, to try, to lay temptation in the way of any one. Dokdok, a kind of fishimg net attached to two sticks; it is made of fine matting so as to retain small fry. Dokom, a small stumpy fish found in swamps or stagnant water. Dolog, a jungle tree ‘with a good bark for rope. Trichospermum Javanicum. Domas, Eight hundred; literally twice four hundred. According to an old fashioned me- thod of counting China cash, Domas is equal to 82 Dutch doits. See Samas. Domas is dua- mas Domas. See Mas. Domas seemsto be employed to denote sometimes any indefinite great number, as Marcha domas the 800 images or gods spoken of in old Javanese history, (and shown on the estate of Gadok in Buitenzorg). Kawa domas, one of the craters of the Tangkuban Prahu. Domba, Persian, a sheep. Dompét, a small pouch of matting for holding the ingredients of Sturéuh, especially to- baco and gambir. Dongdang, a cage or contrivance made of bambu to carry out eatables with dishes &c; also to carry about boxes of clothing &c. to preserve them from sun and rain. Dongdoman, a variety of grass which bears sharp seeds in abundance, which adhere to the trousers of a person walking amongst it. Dong'éng, a story that is told, an amusing tale; to relate laughable occurrences. Dongkap, accomplishable, within one's reach, anything which we have in our power to do. To bisa dongkap ka anggëus I could not bring it so far as to accomplish it. Dongkél, a kind of pick-axe for digging out roots of trees: a narrow strong pachul. To grub up roots of trees, stones &c. &c, Dongkol, said of a buffaloe’s horns which are pendent on each side of the head; such horns look loose and shake but are nevertheless fast to the head. Donglak, to have obtained some injury on the body, as to have put the leg out of joint; a nail torn from its place, or the like. Doraka, accursed, damned, vicious, malevolent, giving cause for trouble. Doraka éta jé- léma bang’or amat, that damned follow is very obstinate. Dur, C. 277 a prefix to words, im- plying bad, vicious, vile. Makkha C. 578. the Pali form of rakshá, to preserve, pre- serving, protecting. (Duréka a barbarian; cf. dhürtta and dhûrttaka, a rogue, a cheat.) Dosa, sin, crime, guilt. Dosa, C. 289, crime, guilt, sin, offence, defect. Dosol, a lamp or exerescence growing out from the body, particularly the belly, which often becomes an unhealing wound. Buffaloes frequently have them on the belly. Doyong, inclined, threatening to fall. Dramaga, an earthen dam to contain water; an earthen dam serving as an aqueduct. Probably derived from Druma, C. 294, a tree in general, and Ga from Gama C. 167 going, moving: thus Druma-ga going in a tree, slightly altered to Dramaga, passing 110 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE. along a hollow tree or a spout. I am indebted to Mr. Friederich for this suggestion. Dua, two. Duwa, C. 280 the number two. Very likely derived from Ruwa, C. 597, an image, and modified to mean similarity, parity. Im many Polynesian languages this word becomes Rua; it is even heard in Javanese in the word Loro, two. Rua is the word for two in the languages of the Luampungs, Makasar, Saparua, Timur; and Le- maire gives it as occurring in New Guinea, and the Isle de Moyse. Wilson and Keate found it in the shape of Oru at the Pelew Islands. Mariner gives Ua for the Tonga Isles, and Va is heard at the Marquesas, and lwa at the Sandwich Isles. Bourgaine- ville gives Aroua for Tahiti. (Rua might be the original Polynesian word; but dua is certainly introduced by the Hindus, (duo, two), whose numerals are yet known in the more civilised part of the Archipelago. Fr.) Duablas, twelve; also Dua wilas. Duapuluh, twenty. Duduh, to accuse, to impeach, to indicate as, to charge, to point out as having done any particular act. Di duduh maling, he accused him of stealing. Duduk, seated, habituated, to become settled, accustomed. Di gawé éta geus duduk ayeuna, he has now become habituated to the work. Batu na geus duduk, the stone is seated fixed in its place. (See Diyëuk. The meaning here given to duduk will not contradict to his being a reduplication. Fr.) Dudukui, a cover for the head made of bambu, called in Malay Zudung. Dudul, as Kwda st dudul, the war steed of Bagind’ali or His Highness Ali, the son in law of Mohammad. Duduluran, to treat as a brother; to be on brotherly terms- see Dulur. Dudur,a piece of wood in a roof which occupies the centre of tie beams, reaching from the apex to the middle of the base. Dudut, a bird so called; the Centropus Bubutos of Horsfield. Dudut, to pull the feathers off a bird, or the hair off an animal, as preparatory to cooking. Dudutan, to put in order, to arrange. Dug, the idiomatic expression of fixing oneself down to any place, of taking up one's abode. Dug di imahan, and there he put up a house. Also of striking a drum or Bëdug: Dug ngabedug, and bang he struck the drum. Duga, to undertake, to reckon to be able; power or ability to do anything. To guess. Duga-duga, to calculate the chances; to think to be able. Dugal, a lamp, a clod. Dugël, a bundle of Paddy in some places, particularly in South Bantam. Duhung, the kris of a great man. Duhung kiat Vumunggung the kris of his honour the, Tumumggung. Duit or Duwit, a doit- Dutch, Duit. The word is used to express „Money” generally! To bogah duit, IT have no money. | AND ENGLISH. 111 Duka, sorrow; Duka, C. 25, sorrow, pain, misery, distress, afflietion; derived from Du or Dur, C. 277, a prefix to words implying-bad, vicious, vile. and Kha, C. 743 an affection of the mind, an organ of sense. Duka, means also in a polite way. 1do not know. (Skr. dukkha in the sense given; duh + kha, bad heaven, as if we would say bad weather; opposite sukha, good heaven, a fine sky. Fr.) Duku, the name of a fruit tree and its fruit. Lansium Domesticum. Dukuh, a grove, a small plantation of fruit trees: a dwellimg ina grove apart from the regular village. A hamlet. Dukun, a native doetor who is mostly an old woman. A midwife. A person, mostly a, man, who says incantations for the success of any work. In Bali, a Sudra who has obtained some sanctity by fasting, and can cure disease, or do the village religious service. Tijds. voor Ned. Indië 1849. 3. Page 822 and 858. Dulang, the wooden trough or bowl in which warmand fresh boiled rice undergoes the process of Akeul or kmeading. Dulhaji, the twelfth or last month of the Mohammedan year. The month in which at Mecca, the pilgrims to the Kabah become Hadji, which see. Dulkahidah, the Eleventh Mohammedan month. This month is also more generally cal- led Bulan Hapit. Dulpakar, the Sword of Bagind'Ali, the son in law of teel Properly zu’l-fakar, Marsden 141, the famous double bladed sword of Ali. Dulur, a brother or sister. Often used in a vague sense towards a person who is not really a blood relation. When they explain themselves the natives say- Dulur te- mèén sa indung sa bapa, a real brother of the same mother and father. Dulur may be derived from Di ulur. Ulur, to ease off, to slacken off, to let loose, The word also sometimes occurs as Sadulur, which will mean- „of one easing off”- or „of one letting loose”- in allusion to coming from a common parent. The Sudara of Ma- lay for brother or sister is the Sodara of Clough Page 767. Sa with or common, udara, belly; a brother of the whole, blood, a uterine brother. oee insect found in old forests which makes a loud screaming noise. Dunak, a large rice basket, such as used in rice mills. Dung'uk, to be seen in aheap; looming inaround heap; aslang expression for residing or living at. Di mana dung'uk na where does he hang out, or more literally where is he seen coïled in a heap? as the natives frequently are in their houses, folded up in their Sarungs. Dung'us, a clump of trees standing by themselves. Dunya, arabie, the world, in contradistinction to heaven, Earthly desires or goods. Geus to ngurus dunya, he no longer pays any attention to worldly matters. Dupa, perfume, a composition of various sweet semlling materials, which are burnt in the houses as a perfume. Dhupa, C. 758, ineense. Dupa, C. 277 smoke. (Dhúpa Ser.) 112 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Dupak, to kick down or away, to stamp on; to kick under foot. Dupuh, ill, so as not to be able to get up. Stretched in sickness. Dur, the idiomatic expression of the report of a gun; the clang of quarrelling; the dull report of any weight, as a stone rolled down a hill. (See dardur). Durga, C. 278. A goddess of that name, also called Kali; the wife of Siva, and mother of Kartikeya, the Indian god of war and of Ganesa, the Indian god of wisdom. She is also called Uma, and Parvati &c. and as Durga she is a goddess of terrifie form and irascible temper. Derived from Dur, difficult, Ga, going, or to be gone C. 278. Durias, Telinga- coarse Muslin, lappels, stuff for bed curtains, open enough to admit air, yet close enough to keep out mosquitoes. Duruk, to pile and burn. After a piece of fallen forest has been set fire to, the boughs are heaped together, and then burnt- this is Duruk. Durukan, a place where wood has been piled and burnt. Dusta, false, untrue. Dushta, C. 280, low, vile, wicked, bad, vicious. (Therefrom comes the Malay justa, to ly. On Bali the original form is used.) Dusun, stupid, clownish. In Sumatra the villages are called Dusun, and no doubt the ori- gin of the word Dusun in Sunda is derived from villagers being eclownish, as com- pared with people from towns of larger places. Duta. a messenger; occurs in Samudraduta, a character in old romance. Samudra, C. 711, the sea, the ocean; Duta, C. 281, a messenger, a carrier. Du-ugan, a young cocoanut in which the pulp is hardly set, but of which the milk is fresh and pleasant. Du-um, to divide, to portion out. Du-uman, a share, an allotment. Duwit, a doit, a small copper coin; money. Dutch Duit. Kang, very olden times, of which the memory has nearly passed from man. Alam éang, in very old times. See Éyang. Éar, the shrill ery of an animal, as the neighing of a horse; the sound of the splash of a waterfal. Ébé gs, the weather cock tail of a Koléchér, which see. The Ébég or tail acted on by the wind keeps the koléchér in the wind’s eye. Ebréh, visible, what can be seen, manifest. Ébréhkëén, to produce, to cause to see. Échag, to set down as a weight or load; to let go; let fall, Échék, scanty, few and far between. Échéng, a broad leafed, succulent weed in Sawahs, the presence of which indicates good soil, well watered. Édan, foolish, mad, infatuated. Édan-édanan, playing the fool, making a fool of oneself. AND ENGLISH. 113 Édég, to shake or swing the legs about while sitting. Éh, Eh! aye! Eh ulah, aye dont. Ehé, to have a stool, to have an occasion of nature. Said of a child. Éhéan, to take a wife, to marry. A quaint term. Éka, a festival made for the dead, by killing a buffaloe, or goat, under the idea that at the day of judement, the dead person, in whose memory the Éka is made, will have the animal to ride on. This is a Mohamedan institution which the Arabs also observe. Ekék, Psittacus, a parroquet; the bird is only of the size of a thrush. It and the still smaller Seréndét are the only two birds of the Parrot tribe in Java. (At Batavia and in Javanese bétét, meen ay eer engs) Éksél, poor, thin, having no flesh or eatable matter upon it. Said also of water which is in a very scanty stream, Bwah iyo éksél jasah owoh &usian, this fruit is very poor, there is no eatable matter about it. Chai na eksel, the water is scanty. Éla, a species of the genus Cardamomum growing wild in the jungle. It is remarkable that Ela is the Sanscrit name for the Cardamum of Malabar. (See Wilson s. v. and As. Researches vol. 11. p. 855. Elá.) Eléh, cowed, worsted in a fight, beaten, overcome. Eléhkën, to overcome, to worst in conflict; to place in the wrong. Éling, to remember; to have consciousness, to know what one is about. Maka Eling, keep your senses about you. Élingan, to cause to remember, Elin gkën, to put in mind, to cause to remember. EÉllo, European, an ell. A measure for cloth. The usual ell measure used by cloth dealers is the ell of Amsterdam Containing English inches 27.079. The Netherlands Ell or French metre 5 Mk ee and the English Ell. hd se „45. Elmu, arabic, science, knowledge doctrine, art, artifice, cunning, device; Elmu kitab, the doctrine of the Book, (Koran). Sia loba tèwyn elmu na, you have to many artifices. Éman, often also aspirated Meman, to have an affection for, to feel love or regard for. Embah, a grandfather or grandmother. Embé, a goat. See W&dus. Emboh, a weed in the mountain humahs called also Sayaga and Zésbong. Émbohan, to add to, to augment, to increase. Embol, to make appearance, to come in sight. Embul-&mbul, to come crawling into sight, to show up; Jélëma to embul-embul? is there no appearance of the people. See umbul-umbul. Embun-&mbun, the fontanella; the soft place on the top of the head of a new-born child; the crown of the head. 15 114 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Embung, heard). Émés, a climbing plant found in gardens, or planted about the huts in humahs; a cucur- bitous plant. Luffa Foetida. Émpang, a fish pond. Any pond of water artificially made. unwilling, IT wont; not being disposed to do anything. (The & is rather not Empét-émpétan, a child's trumpet made of Paddy straw, something after the fashion of a Clarionet, and played by sticking one end in the mouth. See olé-oléan. E mplék, a piece, a small bit. Empuk, soft like a pillow; giving way to pressure, En, only. En kart siji deui, there is only one left. En dua only two. Endah, good, proper, fit, excellent. Éndahan, to be friendly with, to respect, to treat courteously, to be good to. Nw gedé kudu di éndahan, great men must be respected. Endéuk, to have a mind, to purport. (CÉ, daik.) Endog, an egg. This word is of Sanserit origin. Anda, C. 17 an egg. (Jav. idem. It is possible that this is formed from andaka; compare tandak with tandaka Ser. Fr.) Endog, a variety of mangga so called. Endogan, to lay eggs. Eng'ang, a sort of wasp among the forests in the mountains, which gives a very pain- ful sting. It is as large as the Ziyuwan, but quite black without yellow marks. Enggon, place, spot; a place to live in. (Jav. idem.) Enggonan, to make room for, to give place. Éngké, to mp, limping. Enjot, to jirk, to move with a jirk. Enjot-ënjotan, moving by jirks, lifting by bit and bit, first from one place, then to another, as a heavy weight which can just be moved. Fntél, a small skein or hank of thread. Énténg, moderate, light in the sense of not oppressive- not in that of not heavy, which is hampang. Di pénta pajeg sapuluh gédéng paré, énténg, he demands a rent of 10 bundles of Paddy which is lieht or moderate. Ê ntép, arranged in regular order, as bricks in a wall &c. laidin layers. Especially said of anythings which are piled up, as Paddy &c. Zntép seureuh, piled like sëurëuh leaves. This is a simile which the native often employs to denote anything which is piled up in apple-pie order, as sturëuh leaves when gathered for use are always neatly piled together. Entod, keeping in constant motion, always moving, never quiet. Entod lëunchang, a bird, a sort of water- way-tail which keeps moving its body even when it stands. Entol, a petty epithet of distinction for a man; a petty rank of birth. AND ENGLISH. 115 Éong-éong, to mew as a cat. Épok, a sturëuh case made of rattan. A platted case for Séuréuh. A small bambu bas- ket worn by paddy-cutters for collecting the heads which have no stems. Éra, ashamed, shamefaced, bashful. Modesty. Sia to bogah Cra sakali, you have not a partiele of shame about you. Awewe ngora éra-an, young women would be ashamed- would be too modest. Éraha, when, at what period. Praha datang na, when did he come. Érang, a variety of palm tree, with stem studded with sharp spikes. Oncosperma fila- mentosa. Érang-érang, the lintel of a door; a window sill. Éréd, to haul as a drag net in water, to haul along, to pull along, to collect together. Érég, the ram-rod of a gun. Érétan,a ferry, a rope or rattan stretched across a river by which a raft is hauled backwards and forwards for conveying passengers, horses, carriages &c. Ésé, piece, number, an expression used in counting certain articles especially fish &c. Corresponds somewhat to our „individual”, but is not said of men. Éséng, to doetor Radang or the yaws with lime juice, lemon juice. Éstu, subjected to, following orders. Obeying with alacrity and to the purpose. Also heard as Ustu. (Cf. Jav. éstuken, to give effect, truth to a thing; to obey. Both and more certainly yet usta to be derived from Ser. wastu, thing, matter, substance; essential pro- perty, nature, essence Fr.) Eta, that, the demonstrative pronoun. Eta jelema, that man. Za, C. 836. That. At all events in composition. Etaun, an expression used in doubt or thinking of something, thingumy, what do you call it! Éték, full grown and old Sëurtuh leaves. Become so, by allowing them to hane long upon the trees, as when growing in the jungle or in an old paddy humah, and not in gardens near a house. Étém, the small blade fastened to a bit of wood, and which being held in the hand ser- ves to snap the straw of paddy when reaping it, which the natives always do straw by straw, about 8 or 10 inches below the grain. It answers rhe purpose of our sickle, mn as much as it is the instrument with which paddy is reaped, but is a very different thing from a sickle. It is called in Malay- Pengatam, which name would seem to have a similarity of origin with the Sunda Ztem. It is called Ant-ant, by the Ja- vanese. Eujëurëéug, right and in order; acting honestly, correct. Eukéur, about, in the act of doing something, whilst; taken in hand. Eukeur naun sia, what are you about. Eukeur nyato, in the act of eating. Fun, a particle the same as en which see above, and, only. It is also much used in 116 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE making compound words, and occurs at the end of the word, when such is preceded by Pi which see. As Chagak, astake. Pi-Chagak-eun, wood to make a stake of. mah, a house. Pi-imah-eun, materials for building a house. (Probably the same as the forma- tive suffix- an). Eúndëuk-ëundëukan, said of a bird, butterfly &c. which is perched upon a branch or rope and swings to and fro with it. The act of clinging to a rope when shaken. Eùúndéur, shaking, quivering; said of any great mass in a state of tremulation. Bumú eundeur, the earth shook, as in an earthquake. Eùúntan, a handful of Paddy as it is fresh cut: half a ranggion. Eùüntëung, a looking glass, a mirror. Eùüntëup, perched asa bird, seated on. The plural of this and some other words, beginning in same way is made by prefixing ewr-eureunteup, they were all perched. ZEureureun, they all stopped. Eùünyeuh, fallen down, tumbled as a tree, 4 house, or any high matter. The plural becomes eureunyeuh, they all fell down. E ürad, to drag water with a net in order to catch the fish, Eùrih, the long grass calledin Malay Alang-alang; Saecharum Koenigii or Imperata Ku- nig. See Palang. Eùürihkën, to pour over; to pour from one vessel, bag &c. into another. Eùsi, contents, anything which is held within another, as liquor in a bottle. To inhabit or occupy a country, village or district, a house, a hole &c. The flesh on an ani- mal; the edible part in a fruit. Must beuteung, the contents of the stomach, the guts, the intestines. (Malay Zsi. Béutéung is the Balinese batang, the belly). Eùüsian, to put into, to place in; to fill up; to load asa gun. Makes in the plural eureusian. Eútéun, a running weed which soon shows itself after the jungle has been burnt off; called Areud-euteun. Ewa, having an aversion or hatred of; detesting; bearing malice against. Said of any subject with which we are disgusted, and will hear no more of it. Makes in the plu- ral Mararéwa. Ewé, a wife. wé sia geus kolot, your wife has become old. Éwéan, to take a wife. Said of a man who marries. (See Chéan). Êwuh, confounded, confused, troubled in mind. yang, the same as Lang, very ancient, olden times. Itisa refined expression for grand- father. É or eh, and eya, C. 85—87. the pronoun he. Áhisa Singhalese demonstra- tive pronoun appropriated to represent a person or thing spoken of before. Lambrick’s Singhalese grammar 1834 Page 21. Im conjunction with yang will be- He the divinity- that one who has become divine; as in early times ancestors were thought to become divini- ties. Néné Üyang, ancestors, progenitors. Thesameas Néné moyang. See Hyang. (44). (44) Jav. Heyang, grandfather or grandmother; also title of honour etven by the native princes AND ENGLISH. 117 Byor, moist, watery, sloppy- Ga-ak, a crow, the common black erow. Cornix, corvus. (Batavian and Balinese Go-ah or Gowak.) Ga-ang, a variety of cricket, gryllus. An insect so called. Gachong, a portion of paddy given to the reapers for their trouble in assisting to cut, which in this case is only +} of what they cut‚ whereas when + is given, it is cal- led Derep. Gabag, a disease resembling measles. Gabél, a fish found in stagnant water, has no scales. Gabiag, said of Paddy when the whole erop of ears has shot out and show themselves. Gablëg, to own, possessed of; a coarse and sneering word. Naun sia to gableg pokék, what havent you such a thing as a pair of short breeches. Gablug, falling with a heavy sound; falling helplessly and heavily. Bwah kadu gablug bai ragrag, the Durian fruit fell with a heavy bang. Gabras, the idiomatie expression of stabbineg; to launch at and stick; to hit with some- thing sharp pointed. Gabras bat di teuweuk, slap into him he stuck him. Gabrul, to slash and cut the top off grass; not to cut off short by the ground. To cut and clear away grass and brush wood roughly. Gabug, said of any fruit which does not fill, especially Paddy-said of man or animal which has not the power of procreation. Paré gabug, empty paddy. Jélema gabug, a person who has not the power of procreation. Gabus, a fish found in stagnant water, and in the still parts of streams. He is ravenous and eats other small fry. Ophicephalus striatus. There is a wood called Kayu gabus, with soft, spongy texure found near the sea shore. Gadang, to tie or secure anything with a bit of string. To tie temporarily. To tie any- thing as it were with a Martingal. Gadé and GadékE&n, to pawn, to pledge, to mortgage. Gadil, to butt as a goat. Gading, ivory, the tusk of an elephant. A variety of Bambu so called. (45). Gado, the chin. Gadog, name of a large forest tree, called also Gintung. Bischoffia Javanica. Gaduh, and gaduhan, pledge, pawn, a deposit for mutual benefit. Ngala gaduhan, to take in pawn. (See gade.) to the Governor General; themselves being the children, the Resident the father and the Governor General the grandfather. Any derivation from the Ceylonese is very improbable. Fr. (45) Gading, means yellow at Bali, On Java is known Bambu gading and kalapa gading a yellow kind of Cocoanut. It is remarkable that the ivory, which is white, but with a yellowish hue, should be called gading. Fr, 118 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Gaduhkën, to give an animal, especially a female buffaloe, to another person to keep and look after; the person having such charge, has for his trouble, a share of the calves born, or interest in the hire of the buffaloe when let out to plough sawahs or the like. Gadung, the name of a plant with large bulbous root. Dioscorea triphylla. Much used at certain seasons of the year when rice is scarce. It requires to be rasped and soaked well before cooking or else it is deleterious. Gadur, talking at random. Chattering. Gagabah, careless, heedless: not observing necessary ceremony or respect. Gagajah, the main body of a natives house; that part which is under the roof which rests upon the chief frame work of a house. The centre of the house. Gagak, a crow, the same as Ga-ak. Gagal, doing wrong, inadvertently wrong, doing wrong by mistake. Not doing what is expected. Tilok gagal, never wrong, you may always count upon it or him. Gagaman, attendants, followers, people brought to help at any work- also Soldiers. Ga- gaman in Javanese, both weapons and men armed with weapons, derived from Gaman, a weapon. (Gamana, march of an assailant.? Fr.) Gagang, the handle, the shaft of any implement; the stalk orstem of a plant or flower. Gagaruan, to scratch in the earth, as a dog or other animal. (C£. garuk, Malay and Batavian.) Gagasah, to rub the body against anything; as an animal, say a horse or buffaloe, against a tree. Gagébér, the dewlap. The thin piece of flesh hanging along the throat of a cow. See Gébér. Gagu, stammering, stuttering. Gahar, sweet and pungent-denotes a taste of sweet mixed with pepper or pungeney. Gahil, disappointed, not getting one's wish; one of the numerous names for a pig. Gairu, perplexed, confused, not knowing what one is about. Gajag-gajig, running and skitting about without doing any real work. Gajah, an Elephant. See Liman. Gaja, C. 162an Elephant. The Elephant is not found wild in Java, but exists in that state in Sumatra. HElephas sumatranus. The word Gajah occurs in a certain form of Jampé, and means a great man. See Suku. Gaja mada, the second general of Majapahit who with Ariya Damar conquered Bali. Gaja C. 162, an Elephant. Mada, C. 510, joy, pleasure, delicht, the juice which flows from an BElephants temples when in rut. The Elephant rut. Gaji, pay, salary, wages; the word is the Dutch Gagie. Gajih, fat on animals or man, fat, tallow. Gakang, savage as a dog; fierce. Gala, a pole; a piece of wood, but mostly of bambu used for propelling a boat in shal- low water: a boathook. AND ENGLISH. 119 Galadag, to floor with sticks; to lay down sticks in even order to serve asa foundation of anything, as of Paddy, grass &e. To lay down sticks on a muddy road so that a cart may be able to pass along. To make what the Americans call a corduroy road. Galadag, a haek-horse, a pack-horse. A horse got from the authorities to perform a stage of a journey; often heard pronounced Gladag. Galagar, eross stieks or beams used in any rough work made of wood , as in a bridge &c. Galai, to mix, to knead, to trample down. Galak, fierce, furious, savage as an animal, daring, venturesome at any work or enter- prise. Orang galak, fierce people. Anjing galak, a fierce dog. Awéwégalak, a women who makes overtures to a man. Galak meulé na art murah, people will buy venture somely when it is cheap. See Lak. Galane g, a choek or block placed under any object to keep it from the ground. Galangan, the partition or small earthen embankment between the different divisions or pétaks of Sawahs. Galar, a cross piece of wood in a timber framed house. Galar-gilir, to come frequently toany place; to keep walking round; to frequent much. Galék, a variety of Chaw or plantain; it is the same as is sometimes called Chaw Vanduk. Galéong, to turn round. Galér, a piece of split bambu tied transversely on other bambus or pieces of wood, so as to hold them at proper distances a part, especially on roofs of houses. Galih, the heart wood of trees which is generally hard and enduring. The heart and hard part of any substance, wood, stone or other object. Galing, curled, erisped, said of young paddy which grows luxuriantly, which throws out abundant leaves which spread out and soon cover the ground. Curly hair. Galingeg&m, a shrub planted about fences of roads and gardens. Bixa orellana. Galu, name of a district in the interior of the residency of Cheribon, from whence Chiung Wanara and Raden Tanduran, the founders of Pajajaran and Majapahit were descen- ded. Raffles Vol. 2 Page 99/100. Galu in former times appears to have been a place of some note, and held sway even over the eastern part of the Prianger Regencies. Galuga, another name for Galinggem, Bixa orellana. Galugur, the trunk of a tree fallen on the ground. Galugur kawung the palm kawung fallen on the ground, blown down. Galungegung, name of a volcano south of Bandung which had a great eruption in 1822. Galur, the beaten path, or even, only trace of a wild beast in the forest, or through jungle. Any jungle or grass beaten down by an animal passing. Gamah, frightened, disturbed, on the qui vive; as a man at an improper act, or a wild animal in the jungle. Gambang, a native musical instrument, being a wooden trough, across which bars of 120 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE hard wood, mostly teak, are laid, longer at one end than at the other. When such bars are struck with a small mallet, they give out musical sounds. Another variety of gambang has brass bars instead of wooden ones. Gambar, a picture, a representation. An historical table or account. Gambir, Nauclea Gambir, a shrub, the leaves of which are boiled down and yield an inspissated juice which dries, and is then cut into small cakes. This material is also called Gambir and is eaten every where in tbe Archipelago along with the S&urtuh or Siri, which see. It is produced in large quantities at Singapore and Rhio. Gambos, soft and yielding; not hard and firm; said of softish vegetable materials. Gamëlan, a set of native musical instruments, of which the Gambang and Go-ong form part. A native band. Gamëlan Saléndro, a full assortment of native musical instruments is so called. Gampang, easy facile. Áta gampang, that is easy. Gampangkën, to make light of any matter; to trifle with. Gamparan, a wooden sandal or sole of thick wood, held to the foot by a peg with a round knob, which passes between the toes. Gampléng, conceding or giving way; doing something rather unadvisedly. Gampleng bai di jual, he threw it away in a sale; he slapped it off at a sale. Gamudra mupu, a main receptacle; a place where every advantage exists. Quere is Gamudra a wrong expression of Samudra, C. 711. the sea, the ocean? Mupu is to- gather up, and would then mean- „the sea which gathers up or acts as a receptacle”. The sea being large receives all rivers and all they bring down into it. Gana, C. 164. One of the names of Ganesa. The troops called Gandharwa, a kind of inferior deities considered as Sivas attendants, and under the especial command Gane’- sa, the Hindu god of wisdom. d Ganchang, quick, fast. Ganchang lwmpat na, he ran fast. Ganda, shalots, a kind of small onion grown in the humahs amongst the mountains Ganda, C. 165. smell, odour, perfume. Whether om Sunda word has any more than resemblance of name to boast of, it is hard to tell, as the shalots are not particularly noted for smell. (Gandha, smell; means also Morunga hyperanthera; Aloewood; and the bud of the Champaka flower; a diffusie fragrance). Ganda rusa, a fruit resembling a mangga. (Lúshaka is a plant, Justicia Ganderussa). Gandasoli, name of a plant growing among grass with a small yellow flower. The word sounds Sanseritical. Ganda, C. 165 smell, odour, Sutiya C. 755. the curve or groove of a screw; mischief, deceit. It is a variety of Hedychium. Gandéng, making a noise or disturbance; boisterous, noisy. Gandët, cut but not quite through; cut with a notch. A notch or catch of any kind. A ridge or impediment. Gandol, to carry anything, as a bundel or the back folded up in the Samping or Sarung. A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE 121 Gandol, one of the names for Rhinoceros. Ganda and Gandaka C., 162 are both, a Rhi- noceros, and have much resemblance to Gandol. Gandola, a weed found in mountainous situations. It has a feathery flower which helps to blow about the seeds, whereby it propagates itself very rapidly and makes it dif- ficult to eradicate. (Gandholi is a fragrant grass, Cyperus rotundus). Gandu, name of a tree in the jungle, the astringent fruit of which is eaten by women who have been in childbirth. Ganesa, the god of wisdom. C. 165. derived from Gana, a troop, Zsa, alord or chief. The Hindu god of wisdom; he is represented in the temples as a short fat man, with the head of an Elephant; he isthe son of Siva and Parvati, and is considered the re- mover of obstacles; hence in the commencement of all undertakings, and in the ope- ning of all eomposition, he receives the reverential homage of the Hindus; he is con- sidered as the chief of the various classes of subordinate deities, who are regarded as Siva’s attendants. Ganggang, to leave brush- wood, felled forest, eut grass &c to dry and wither in the sun, preparatory to burning. Ganggang, a kind of grass growing under water, especially in ponds, and amongst which ducks are fond of grubbing. Ganggarangan, an animal of the ferret or squirrel kind climbing up trees. (Cf. Sang- garangan.) Ganggawang, ajar, gaping a little, just open. Gangeong, ancient, primeval. Leuweung ganggong, primeval forest, where the trees are large. Ganggu, to annoy, to molest any one; to be troublesome to any one. Gangsa, a goose. Hansa- C. 784, a goose. Gangsa, the metal of which Gongs or Go-ongs are made, and of which copper is the chief ingredient. Bronze. Also filings of such metal which is given to people as a slow poison, said to take effect upon the throat and causes at least loss of voice. The husky cough caused by this poison. Gangsal, of uneven number, an odd number as 8. 5. 7. 9. (Jav. and Balin. five). Gangsor, said of an animals belly which is so large that it trails on the ground; one variety of the Rhinoceros has especially a belly of this kind, and is hence called Ba- dak gangsor. Gangsor, to shred or cut up yams or other roots with a sharp bambu instrument called Panggangsoran. Ganitri, name of a shrub the seeds of which are much used for rosaries. Elaeocarpus Angustifolia. Crawfurd. (Cf. The Guduha gênitri or Bali.) Ganjaran, reward, recompense, especially as given by chiefs in reward of services done by inferior people. Clemency of God for, good deeds; happiness hereafter; grace. Ganjël, to support or lift up by placing a chock, block or other object underneath. 16 122 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Ganjil, of oneven number, odd, not corresponding. (See Gangsal.) Gantang,a measure for rice and any other grain. About ten gantangsof rice weigh one pikul. The gantang is a trifle short of one English Imperial peck. Gantar, a piece of bamba or tick stiff rattan on which clothes &c are put, especially in the sun to dry. Ganti, to change, to exchange, to take one thing or person in place of another; to shift; to repair by using fresh materials. A substitute, a successor. Gantung, to hang as a person who is executed; to hang as an object suspended; to suspend from an office or service; withheld as payment. Relatives high. Said of a water way which wants deepening to allow the water to flow along it. Gap, the idiomatic expression of biting at, of snapping at, as a dog does. Gap bai ku maaung, and the tiger snapped him up. Garaha, an Eclipse. Grahana, C. 187 literally taking, seizing, an Eelipse of the sun or moon, because of the idea which Indian astrologers have of an Eclipse. Rahu, one of the inferior planets, having in consequence of certain unfair aetions committed against him both by the sun and moon conceived an eternal hatred against them, at certain seasons takes the advantage of laying hold of them with his mouth, or hand, threa- tens them with destruction, and the darkness is caused by his gripe. Clough voce. Eclipse. (The word is in Ser. Graka, eclipse; also Rahu himself; we find in several Sundanese words the tendency of placing a vowel sound between two consonants fol- lowiug each other; see above dérigama. Fr.) Garai, to gammon a rope, viz. after twisting a round and round, to lash those strands again at the middle, so as to draw them still eloser and faster together. Garang, as di garang, to fry or roast on hot embers. Garanggang, a bambu sharpened at one end, and thrown as a spear. The tamtang is especially used for this purpose. Garap, to speak quickly; speaking so fast that the words run into each other. Garëmbul, eating more than common; voracious. Garéték, vexed, koiling with anger, enraged. Garing, dry, perfeetly dried, desiccated. Garing expresses a higher degree of dryness than Zuhur or Tu-us. Garinjël, any surface which is not perfectly smooth; having small inequalities. Garintul, having knobby projections; Garintul is in a higher degree what Garinjël re- presents in a smaller one. Garis, a mark, a scratch; to make a mark with a pointed instrument. A limit assigned. Ulah ngaliwat garis, do not exceed the limits assigned. Garisul, high and low places adjoining each other. Deep and shallow places, side by side in a river. Garombol, small thiek- set bushes. Thickets. AND ENGLISH. 123 Garotan, old, ancient, primeval; said of an old forest. Leuweung garotan ,a primeval forest. Garu, a harrow, an implement of agriculture, a large rake. To harrow, to rake. Garu, the name of a kind of perfumed wood called generally Lignum Aloes. Agaru, C. 7, the name of a plant, Dalbergia Sissoo- Aguru C. 8. from a privative, and Guru heavy- the name of a fragrant wood- Aloe wood. Garuan, to scratch any part of the body; to harrow. (See Garuk.) Garuda, the Griffin, C. 168, the bird the Vehicle of Vishnu, he is generally represented as being something between and a bird, and considered as sovereign of the feathered tribe. Garuk, to scratch with the nail, to scratch any part of the body. Garung, said of cultivalion which is not taken proper care of, not weeded. Said also of fallen forest which cannot get burnt for wet weather, or some other cause, and thus the ground cannot be cultivated or planted. Garungsang, steep and rugged, precipitous. Gasal, an uneven number, 8. 5. 7. more usually Gangsal. Gasik, quick, expeditions; be quick! Gasir, to undermine: to sap a house or wall for the purpose of getting in to steal. Gatapan, afraid, shying as a horse. Gatël, a portion of Paddy levied as tax, given to the village chiefs for their trouble in collecting revenues. Gatét, name of a tree, Inocarpus edulis. Gati, difficult, causing trouble, intricate. Unwilling, unless on hard terms to comply Fok trouble, intricate. Unwilling, unless on hard terms to comply with our wishes. Oo Gatoh, that part of a white ants nest which contains the Queen ant. The Queen ant herself, who is vastly larger than her subjects, being an inch an a half long and 2 of an inch thick and very helpless. The natives eat her Queenship as a delicacy. Gatrah, trace, mark of. The trace of something commenced and then abandoned for some causeasa bad job. The mark on the ground of some work begun and then abandoned as a slokan which is not carried through. Gatra, C. 172 the body, a limb, a member. Gauk, to cry out in a rage: to roar; to bellow. Gaul, a long drum like tube of wood, set in dams in rivers to catch fish. Gaur, to scramble for, the confusion made by scrambling. Paré na di gaur bai, they quite scrambled who should have the paddy (by buying). Gawé, work, occupation, trouble. To work. Görrah di gawé set to work. Quickly to work. Gawé sia to hadé, what you are about is not right. Matak gawé eta, that will cause trouble. Gawé, is also a grand feast or jollification such as natives get upon occasions of marriage or circumcision, which they thus appear to consider as labour ora piece of work. Dak bogah gawe, IT mean to hold a festival. (In the same way used as Balin. Kárja;s ma- kárja is originally to work, but employed to denote festivals of the natives.) 124 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Gawing, hung up, suspeuded, swinging clear of the ground. Gawir, a steep bank, a precipice. Gayëm, to chew, to chew the cud. Gayot, swinging backwards and forwards. Gayung, a ladle made out of the segment of a Cocoa nut shell with a wooden handle fixed to it. d Gé, an expression of remonstrance or taunting; see there! what now! an expression which often occurs in sentences but is diffieult to translate, as the sense will often read in- telligibly without it. Sit bai gé hadé, even only one will do. Perhaps even, only, is the nearest approach to its meaning. Gébah, to frighten away; to drive away cattle or birds from cultivation, or the like. Gebang, name of a Palm tree as a Cocoanut. Its young leaves are pulled in shreds and made into Kadut or bagging. Name of a variety of Paddy. The Palm is Corypha Gébanga. Gebée, to fan, to cause a current of air to move. Gébeng, included im, belonging to. Gébér, to wiggle waggle about; to flap backwards and forwards. Gageber, the dewlap of a cow. Gebiug, all together; working simultaneously. Gebleg, a fool, a stupid fellow; foolish. Geéblig, stamping on the ground; springing up soas to come down with force upon the ground. Gébluk-gëbluk, frequent knoeking or striking. An intensitive from of gëblig. Gëbog, a fold of shred tobacco as put up for sale, called in Malay Leémpéng. A fold or piece of Cotton cloth or prints. Gebrégan, a short but hard tug at any work; a tussle at any thing. Sagëbrëgan, for a short period, while an effort is made. Gébug, to thrash with a stick or whip. Gëébur, said of the flaming up of a torch; the blazing up of a large fire. Luambent as flame. Gëdag, to shake, to cause to move. Gédang, a tree with a fruit called in Malay Papaya. Carica Papaya. Gëdé, large, big, great. Gedé, as Awi gëde, the large bambu; a most useful variety, splits up for palupuhs, and is in universal use about house building. Gedébog, the pliant stem of a Plantain torn in strips to envelop anything. The stem it- seld of Plaintain when cut down for any use. Geédébong, a plant with largish heart-shaped leaves, rough with veins. Leaf used as a medicine for worms in children. Gedebus, ganmes in which are exhibited feats of address with various sharp weapons, as AND ENGLISH. 125 stabbing the body with krisses or knives &c, but which are merely clever sleights of hand. These games are mostly practised by men who pretend to be great proficients in the knowledge of the Mohammedan religion, and thereby to have attained their skull. Gëdég, a flooring of split bambus wattled together, and used in any way on bridges, ferries, any passage or road &c, &c. Gédéneg, a bundle of paddy consisting of two smaller bundles tied together and of a certain weight. The most usual size is of 16 catties weight. Hach half of this gendeng weighs 8 catties and is called Sapochong. Gédéng, steep, precipitous. Gédéneëun, on the side of, near the side. Said of men of high birth. When said of common people it is gigirëun, Gëder, the noise of a quarrelsome dispute; a continuous noise. Gédér, startled, frightened, discomposed. Gédig, a big chap, a big person; any person or thing which is large and makes much pretension. Gédog, to shake together, to joggle together, as grain or any other loose material in a basket or measure, Gëdogan, a stall for a horse, a native stable which consists of a kind of cage under a roof, into which a horse is turned in loose and then barred in. Gëdong, a mansion, a great man’shouse; the houses of Europeans are called Gëdongs, especially in the country. Gëdong Bëchara the Town Hall the Mension House, where publie business is conducted. Gëdor, to strike, to hit, to hammer at; to strike with a heavy mallet Gëdubus, to put a man to work to pay off his debt by his labour. Gëädug, occurs as a name as Göädug Leng'ur- a designation of some ancient Mythological character. It is not otherwise heard in Sunda, Gericke’s Javanese Dictionary gives- Gédug, in order that, entirely; the extreme, the last; and Gögëdug, the pre-eminent, the first in rank; chief, leader. Lëéngur has not been traced. Friederich. Géduk, shaking, agitated; thumping on the ground or on any other object. Gëgading, the horizontal bars in a wooden building, to which are nailed the planks or attached the bambu pagars. Gading-gading in Malay are the floor timbers of a ship. Gë&gsah, mighty, valliant, spirited, full of activity asa young horse &c. active and pleased. Gésgandén, a mallet, a large hammer made entirely of wood. A maul. Geégandët, a mark as of a cut or notch. A ridge or impediment. See Gandöt. Geëgasah, to rub the body against any object, as a tree, a wall &c. Said of a horse or animal which rubs itself against a tree, a post or the like, Gëgëdén, Big folks, great people. Derived from Gädé, great. Gëgeël, to bite, to layhold of with the teeth; also to lay hold of in general. 126 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Gëégöélang, ancient name of a place in the district of Pranaraga in the resìdency of Madiun. Gägëndhir, a long stout staff, as long as a man, carried partly for support and partly for a weapon of defence. Called at Batavia Limbuhan. égép, pincers, a forceps; a blacksmith’s vice. ® Gégéréntélan, having curly hair, eurly locks. Said of anything which is put in small round bits or in pellets. Gëgëroan, roaring, crying, bellowing. Di gegeroan, to roar at a man to call his attention. Géëgötuk, to mash up taleus, or the fruit seeds of the Nangka Beurit; this being mixed with Jaggory Sugar and cocoanut is eaten as a delicacy or treat. Gögolak, to boil up as hot water, to be in a state of ebullition. Géhéng, burnt clean up; said of fire which makes a clean sweep and econsumes all it comes against, as in the humahs. Géhgér, giving the alarm, erying out; showing discontent. Uproar, tumult. Géhgéran , the sensitive plant. Mimosa Pudica. Géjég, attendants at a native feast; servants at a festival. Gék, the idiomatie expression of sitting down. Gék bai diyeuk, and down he sat. Gäëladag or Gladag, as Kuda geladag, a hack-horse: a horse used for carrying goods or other rough purposes. A Pack- horse. Gëlap, contraband, what cannot bear the light of day; unlawful, forbidden. Gëlap, a thunder bolt, a stroke of lightning. Ge&las, a glass, a tumbler. Derived from the Dutch word Glas. Gélatik, the Java sparrow. A pretty little bird so called, with red bill and legs. The general colour of the body is a pretty slate colour, with white spot on breast. Frin- gilla oryzivora. Gëlatik mung’ut, perhaps originally Pung'ut whichisin Malay to gather up. A sort, of game in which the players of the Angklung bambu music pick np with their mouths money or other objects thrown to them by the bye standers. Gëlëbëg, a pedaty wheel made of one disk of wood. A small cart on such wheels. Pansmat gelebeg, those spanish dollars which bear two circles or spheres on them, which are taken for representations of Pedaty wheels, and not as indicative of autho- rity over the two worlds. Gëlédée, Liehtning. The flash of light attending thunder. Geélëdée, indicative of the impetuos rush of fire, of water, or of a flood. Saïd also of people or animals running off hastily in numbers. Geledeg bai cha-ah, down rushed a flood. Seuneuh geledeg bat ha imah, kalvuruan, and the fire rushing up the house in a lambent flame, burnt it. Kebo na geledeg bai lumpat, and off the buffaloes ran with impetuosity. Géléntér, to spread out one by one in the sun to dry. Said especially of new cut pad- dy so treated. AND ENGLISH. 1-7 Gélgél, the name of the ancient capital of the island of Bali, destroyed upwards of 100 years ago by the people of Karang Asam. It was the capital of the Déwa Agung or Supreme Lord of Bali when Europeans flrst became acquainted with the country. Friederich, Bat. Trans. Vol 23 Page 26, Gélo, foolish, stupid, giddy, heedless. Gélong, to swallow, to bolt down the throat. Di gëlong buléd, he swallowed it whole. Gélung, to top-knot of a woman's hair. To dress the hair of women when of low degree. Vide Sanggul. Gélut, to roll or tustle playfully as children. To struggle and roll together in fighting; to hug, to wrestle. Gémbong, a variety of Bambu with long joints. Gémbor, a variety of Chaw or Plantain. Gëmbréneg, a metal dish or plate struck by a publie crier to call attention or to give notice of a public auction about to take place. Gëméës, vexed, irritated, gnashing the teeth with rage. Gëmpar, prostrated, cast down, especially by sickness. Fallen ill. Gëmparan, wooden sandels. A. wooden sole with a peg in the front part to pass between the toes, whereby to hold it to the foot. Gëmpél, to cut paddy close below the ear, and thus without any of the straw to act as a handle; this is done especially with bad paddy, which is then collected in a basket, and not tied up in bundels. G ém pur, to cut down small jungle, bambus &c; to clear a bit of ground of bushes, long grass &c. Gémuh, having plenty, getting abundantly, especially something to eat or for personal use; exuberant. Gën, an argumentative or remonstrative particle; well! hew comes it? Gen to datang, he's not come. Gënanan, an argumentative expression of remonstrance or expostulation, as- well after all! nevertheless! and then. Ari chur hujan, genanan minggat, and when the rain came on, then away they ran. Gënap, six. This word is probably derived from Ganapang, the imperative of Ganinawa, to add up, to count, to reckon, Clough 165. and as such indicates a step in the na- tive method of counting, when the five fingers of the hand had been used up, and thus Genap would mean- a counting, a score. In Malay Genap means complete, fall, even in number. Génap blas, Sixteen. Gëénappuluh, Sixty. Geénchét, to tie together with a bit of string, to tack together. In conjunction. Gèndéng, to be peevish, to find fault with, to chatter in a rage. Gëndës, longing to get at any one to thrash him, See Gemes. 128 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE. Géndul, the fruit of the Kamiri or Munchang tree, when only one and thus a large stone contained in one fruit. When there are two stomes, they are called Dampa. Games or chances are taken upon these stones. Génggaing, a variety of the Durian or Kadu tree, Durio Zibethinus. The fruit of the Génggaing is smaller than that of the real Durian, its thorns softer and longer, and its fruit much more stinking. Géneeé, small round bells or brass castinets, worn by children round their ankles. Géngeéhék, a river fish resembling the Regis. At Buitenzorg the Régis is called Génggéhek. Gëéngeëm, to carry in the hand, to clasp in the fist, to clench, to clasp hold of, as if about to give a stick or thrust. Ngagenggem péso, to carry a knife in the hand. Gëénggërong, the thrapple, the main duct of the throat. Génggong, uneven as a bit of land; rough with stones or stamps of trees. Génja, a variety of Paddy which comes soon to perfection, but is not so nutritive as sorts which require longer time to grow. Génjé, a variety of hemp, the leaves of which can smoked like opium. It is imported from the continent of India, and used to adulterate opium. Génjëlong, top heavy, crank, heavy in the upper part so as to cause to totter. Gënta, brass bells carried tied to front part of pedaties or carts. A bell in general. Ganta, C. 165. a bell. Génténg, a tille, more frequently Kénténg which see. Géong, the circular flight of birds when in flocks. Gëpéng, flat and thin; flattened by treading or pressing on. Ari di tinchak to daikkèn gépéng, when you tread on it, it does not flatter. Gépok, Two quantities or two lots made into one, as when two baskets of Tobacco are put face to face and lashed into one package, such package then becomes one Gëpok. Also said of two lots of bambus, each lot generally consisting of a dozen sticks fas- tened in a row, lashed one upon the other, for the purpose of easily floating them together down a river. Gér, the idiomatic expression of doing anything with energy. Gër bai pasta, they turned to and had a fight. Gèr bai lwmpat, and away they scampered off. (CÉ seger.) GEörëdëég, indicates quick and impetuous motion. Running rapidly. Görëdig bai lumpat, and off he ran with all his might. Kréa geredeg baù datang, the carriage drove ra- pidly up. Gérëman, to growl at, to snarl, as a wild animal does in the forest; to pretend to snarl at a young woman when wishing to call her attention for purposes of love. Gëörët, to make a mark or scratch, as with a knife on a bit of wood. To seratch a mark. This word appears to be a sort of diminutive of Gurat. GEärgaji, a saw. To saw wood. (Skr. Krakacha;s the tenues commuted into mediae.) AND ENGLISH. 129 Gérimis, drizzle as rain, slight rain. (Jav. and Batav. idem.) Göring, ill, sick, out of health. (Balin, idem, In Javanese it means the pest.) Gérrah, be quick, look sharp; to proceed to do any act. Gerrah di taburken, now pro- ceed to pour it out. (Probably Skr. Cighra (m), quickly swiftly; the c?, si, having been misunderstood, and considered as the Sundanese word si. Fr.) Gérrahéun, as if its likely. Most assuredly not. Gerraheun di béré, most assuredly he will not give it. Gëörro, to scream, to roar. (Jav. The roar, for instance of a tiger.) Gërtak, to make afraid, to threaten. (Jav. To show oneself angry.) Géërus, to collander cloth, to rub cloth with anything smooth so as to give it also a smooth polished appearance; for this purpose the Cyprea sea shell is used. (Jav. id.) Géséh, moved, altered, displaced. Geseh poi na, the day is changed. (Jav. id.) Gësëng, black with burning, grimed. (Jav. Gosong and Gëséng, id.) Gësër, to file the teeth, as is done with those of all Javanese, by taking the enamel off, and rubbing in some preparation to make them black. Gëtah, gum, sap, the milky or gummy exudation from trees when the bark is cut. Gétah Pércha, known only as a foreign product on Java. It is the gum of the Iso- nandra Gutta. Getah Percha is found on Sumatra, Borneo and Adjacent isles. It is found, apparently as the gum of various trees, of which the Balam or Isonandra is the most prominent. ; Gétapan, frightened, shy, skittish as a horse. (Jav. Gëtappan, id.) Géëtas, fragile, brittle. (Jav. id.) Gëäték, notch, mark to come up to. Said also figuratively, Zuwat getek, he has gone further than he ought. Géték, a raft of wood, of bambu, or other light materials, either kept for crossing water, or a river, or for easily transporting the materials by water, lashed together. (Jav. id. nea) Géték, to tickle, a sensation of tickling. Gëtih, blood- gore. (Jav. blood.) Gêtol, active and persevering at any work; hardworking, energetic. Géugéuh, as di göugéuh, to protect, to render assistance. Often applied to supernatural protection, or the favour of some genius. Géugéus, a bundle of paddy. Géuingkën, to shake or rouse up. Géulang, rings of gold, silver, brass, ivory or other material worn about the wrists. (g'lang.) Géulëuh, bearing malice to any one, vexed at, provoked against, said of a person in whom ill will is festering. Géulis, pretty as a woman, handseme. Not said of a man who is Kasep which see. This seems to be the root of the Malay word Mayellis, beatiful. Elegant. MarsdenPage 320. Géunéuk, swollen as from a contusion; said of any part of the body which has been hurt. 17 130 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE G&untak, to work with impetuosity for a short time; to make an effort. To frighten by making a sudden demonstration. Sa geuntak, for a short time, via. so long as a Geuntak or effort lasts. Géurëuh, chattering, much small talk. Gëuréung, a worm, the common earth worm. Name of a variety of Rattan which is thin and used for lines in houses to hang clothes on. Gëus, the short for Anggeus, which see. Geus anggeus, it has been completed or accom- plished. The abbreviated form Geus is of very frequent occurrence. Gëus aing, an expression of doubt, of not believing. Geus aing sia to lumpat, you would most undoubtledly take to your heels. Geus aing hadé as if 1 can believe itis good. Gëéus-an, in order to, for the purpose of. Answers often to the Malay word Buat. Geusan dieuk, something to sit down upon. Gewsan jemang, fit to make a jacket of it. Gëutah, the same as Götah, which see. Gum, sap of a tree. Géyot-géyot, swinging to and fro, pendulons. Géyotan, a tandu or sort of sedan chair to carry a person in. Ghaib, arabie, concealed; not within the ken of man. Said of futurity and such like. () te ' ; : ee OU Ghâlib, arabie, victorious, overcoming, prevailing. (&_lé) Giatkëén, to hurry on, to expedite. (Cf. Kagyat Kawi, and Kaget, Jav. Batav.) Gigih, half-boiled rice, which is then taken off the fire, undergoes the process of akeul or kneading, and is then boiled again till fully cooked. Gigir, side, edge. Nyimpang ka gigur, to step on one side. Gigiran tmah, along side the house. Gigirëun, on the side of, near the side of a person. Gila, to have an aversion, to abhor anything, to make the flesh ereep , to loathe, to nauseate. Gilang, to shine, to glitter; Batu gilang, a glittering stone, the Diamond &c. Gilër, to turn the head aside and cast sheep’s eyes. To loo kat slyly, as at a woman; to ogle. Gili, an earthen bank put up on each side of the road. An embankment so called when on a road side. Giling, to turn round as a wheel, or mill. To revolve, to grind. Giling Weés1i, the name of an old empire in Java; situated some where near the Gu- nung Sméru. Raffles vol 2. Page 72/73. Gilir, to turn, to change, to take by turns; to take first one and then the other. Giliran, a turn, an opportunity to do anything, a change. Giliran kamt ayeunah, it is now my turn. Gilirk&n, to give a turn, to change, to take in turn. To cause to take or do by turns, To turn over, to twist round. AND ENGLISH. 181 Gimbal, large graind, round, rotund- said of grain, as paddy. Ginding, proud, overbearing. Ginggang, Gingham; a variety of coloured cloth with pattern in stripes. Gingeëung, in a state of trepidation. Gintung, name of a large forest tree, called also Gadog. Girang, up the river, higher up a river than the place where we are, or of which we speak. Elevated in spirits, pleased, selfsatisfied. (In the last meaning at Batavia.) Girang Puhun, the chief of the Badui tribe in South Bantan. Girang in this sense means chief. There is an old and ancient idea prevailing among the Sunda people that dignity is associated with not having any one living higher up the same river than yourself. Some years ago there was an old man who lived in this way on the Chidurian, and who would not allow any one to live higher up the river than him- self. If his self- imposed law was violated by others he deserted his home and re- moved higher again than the intruder. Vide Puhun. Zo laku kagirangan, you must not live higher up the river than he does. Girang Sérat, the second man in authoriy among the Badui; he has charge of super- intending the Mumah Sérang, or common field on which is planted the Paddy made into rice for the yearly offerings, and must at the stated intervals take care that the people perform their customany acts of heathen worship. See Sarat. Giras, wild, skittish- as a young horse. (Jav. shy.) Giri, a mountain, a hill. Used in the composition of proper names. Thus in old pax- tuns or ballads, the Gunung Gèdé of Jasinga is known as Mandala Giri. Girikh, C. 174 a mountain, a hill. Gri is the name of the range of hills which terminate at Grissé near Sourabaya. (Skr. Girt a mountain.) Girik, to bore, to pierce. A native boring instrument. Girik, a tally;a bit of wood or bambu given to people at work to keep count of what they do. Giring, to drive, to chase, to run after, to drive cattle. (Jav. and Bat. id.) Girintingan, name of a variety of grass. Giruk, vexed, enraged, pettish, peevish, having an abhorrence of, having a malicious feeling towards any one. Gisik, to rub the head or body; to chafe, to rub. (Cf. Gosok.) Gitik, to strike with a stick, to thrash. To levy contribution. To impose an award. (Jav. Bat.) Giwang. an ear- ring with only one stone or ornament. (Batavian.) Gladak, a hack- horse- see Galadag. Glam, name of a forest tree, with red soft spongy bark, by which it can easily be distin- guished; it grows only among elevated mountains. The Malays have also a kayu glam, Gordonia, the epidermis of which is used for caulking- Crawfurd: but it may be fairly doubted whether the two glams are the same tree. Goah, the cooking place in a native house; that part of a native house where cooking is 182 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE carried on, and may thus be generally translated Kichen, though not a separate room. (Perhaps Skr. Guhd, a cave, a cavern; a pit, a hole in the ground. Fr.) Goarkën, to stir up, to stir round any liquid. Gobang, a native sword like instrument carried only as a weapon of defence. Called in Malay Golok. Gobiog, a kind of bambu fence or wainscotting, made of palupuhs fixed together with other bambus. (Jav. Gëöbiog the same; a polished plank.) Gobiog, working all together. Doing any thing smartly with a lot of people. Goblok, stupid, dull, wanting sense. Si-goblok, a stupid fellow. Gobrah, wide, as trousers or the sleeves of a jacket. Gocho, to strike with the fist, to box, to cuff. Goda, to deceive, to tempt, to entice to do something wrong- to seduce from duty. (Jav. id.) Godën, a large copper coin formerly in use, of value of eight doigts, of size of an English penny- not now in use, Godog, loose, shakey, not fitting tight; figuratively, unrestrained , having the choice of an alternative. Godog pikir, easy in thoughts. Gog, the idiomatic expression of a rencounter or meeting. Gog bat kapananggi, and they suddenly met, or they came face to face, Gogodan, to entice to do something wrong; to lead astray. Sprites or evil geni which seduce holy men from their devotions, especially at Kramats. (See goda.) Gogog, to bark as a dog. Di gogog anjing, dogs barked at him. See Gonggong. Gogol, to move any thing with a lever; to prize up. To move by inserting a stick or other object as a lever. Gogomplokan, in a heap, showing in a mass; hanging in clusters. Goji, to milk, to press the teats of cows or sheep &c. to get milk, Golébag, tumbled down, thrown down, stretched out. Golénchéng, to fling down. Golér, tumbling, or lying down any where; kicking about, laid out, laid down, laid flat. Golérkën, to lay down any thing. To put down on the ground. Golétrak, to fall or plamp down. Golondongan, whole, entire- said of fruit or seed which has to be ground before using, as coffee beans. Golondongan- as Kolot golondongan, old and without manners; a rough old bear, Said of a rude old man, as if the husk had not yet been taken off him. Golong, a roll of rope or Rattan &c; anything made up into a round parcel. A bundle or piece of Palm Sugar rolled up in Pandan leaves. (Compare guling.) Gombong, a variety of bambu, resembling awi gedé. Gomplok, in clusters as fruit; said of bunches of fruit growing from a common inser- tion on the tree, AND ENGLISH. 193 Gompong, name of a tree, wood bad and much eaten by Bangbara. Gondang, a large fresh water slug fish in a shell. Ampullaria. Gondok, a wen on the throat, a goiter, frequently met with amongst the mountaineers. Daik gondok, may I get a goïter. A common asseveration when a person perceives himself disbelieved. (Jav. nomen opp eeop id.) Gondok laki, the pomum Adami, or projection on the fore part of the neck of a man. Goné,agunny bag. This word is from the continent of India where the gunnies are made. Gonggong, to bark like a dog. See Gogog. Anjing Sapeupeuting ngagonggong bai, the dogs kept barking the whole night through. Puyw gonggong, literally the barking quail, Perdix Javanica. See Puyu. Gongséng, name of a creeper, from which is got a juice for the stomach ache. Gontang, Jugglery. Certain ceremonies performed in order to ascertain the cause of disease, Go-ong, a Gong; a circular musical instrument made of brass and beaten with a soft mallet. Goréng, bad, vicious, spoiled, no longer fit for use, Goréngkën, to speak evil of, to make ont as wicked, Gorogol, a fenced inclosure with a spring door to catch wild pigs, tigers or other wild animals. Gosé, an oar for a native boat, a paddle. Gosok, to rub, to wipe; to polish by rubbing. To rub clean, to scour. Figuratively- to find fault with, to keep worrying at, to egg on. Gosong, to run ashore as a ship, stranded. Gotong, to carry by two or more people, by means of the weight resting on the shoul- ders. Mostly, however, to carry by two people, with the weight suspended from a pole resting on each man's shoulders. Gotrah, agreement, common fortune. Gowat, quick, speedy; make haste! This word can also betraced to Singhalese roots. Gos — gohin — gohila are absolute participles of the verb Yanawa to go, and mean thus — „having gone.” Wat, C. 618 is an affix to words implying possession - having - and Gowat would thus imply - „having the property of having gone” having made haste, Gowok, a variety of the kupa tree. Called often kupa gowok. Gowowok, gobbling up, tearing to pieces and swallowing as fast as possible; said espe- cially of tigers and dogs. Goyang, to shake, to move, to agitate. Gréja, the church, the Christian place of worship. It is the Portuguese Iegréja or Iglesia. Grisé or Grisik, name of a place in the straits of Madura, noted for its ancient trade, and as having been one of the chief places where the early Mohammedan Missionaries established their religion- derived from Gürikh, C. 174, a mountain, a hill- and Sikha, C. 781, a point, top in general. Grisé is situated at the extremity or point of the range of hills called Gunung Giri, where it projects into the strait of Madura. The 184 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE natives not being philologists enough to kmow that Giri in Sanscrit is a mountain, use the tautology of calling the range Gunung Giri, both words having the same meaning, only Gunung is strictly Polynesian. There is also a Gressik, 28 miles up the Moar river in the Malay peninsula, on Migh banks, but apparently not mountai- nons. The mouth of the Moar river is 25 miles south of Malacca. Singapore Jour- nal 1855 Page 104. Grobogan, a district in the Hastern extremity of the Residency of Samarang, anciently called Kuripan. Gubëlan, the act of a woman seizing some part of a man's dress who has laid with her, in proof of such act; such article produced as proof to the priest necessitates the man to marry the woman. (Jav Gwbël, to entangle something, to desire ardently from somebody.) Gubëérnément, Government-Dutch inparticular and European in general. Gublëg, shaking or rattling, as the contents of a rotten egg. Gubrug-gubrug, to shake with force, especially a post stuck in the ground, or the like. Gudang, a store, a magazine, a warehouse. Gudég, shaking, as water in a bottle or any vessel which it does not fill. Gudél, a buffaloe calf. Gugula-an, a shrub bearing a beautiful pure white and sweet scented flower. Tabernae- montana divaricata. Gugulingan, to roll about, to wallow. Guguntur, to wash away earth with water; an easy way which the natives have of re- moving earth or cutting trenches. A stream of water is conducted to the spot to be dug out, and the earth being loosened is thrown into the water, and so carried away. Gugur, to crumble and fall down, as earth on a fresch cut bank after exposure to the sun. To crumble away. Gugurah, to purge, a medicine taken to clear the belly and the voice. Young native lads take Gugwrah in order to have a clear and sonorous voice either for singing to their loves, or for the purpose of reading the Koran or tapsir with a clear voice. Guguru, to learn from a Guru or teacher; to take lessons. Beunang guguru ti gunung, to have been taught it among the mountains; what has been learnt amongst the mountains. Guha, a cavern, a cave, a hole in the ground, or more commonly in limestone rocks where the edible bird’s nests are found. “Guha, C. 178, a cavern, a cave. Gula, Sugar. Gula, C. 178 food; juice of the sugar cane; raw or unrefined sugar. Gula-batu, Sugar candy - literally stone - sugar. Gulang-gulang, attendants of native chiefs. Runners or errandmen in attendance on native chiefs. Guling to roll over, to roll and turn like a wheel; to roll about when laid down. Gulingkén, to cause to roll -to roll anything. Guludug, the rumbling sound of thunder. Loud and heavy thunder. AND ENGLISH. 135 Gulung, to roll or fold up. To furl as a sail by rolling it up. To be rolled up in a heap; to get entangled and rolled together in a heap. (See Guling and Golong) Gulungeung, name of a mountain in the Prianger Regencies, S. E. from Bandung. The word implies rolled up in a heap, being a kind of duplication of gulung. Gumuling, not yet fledged; said of young birds which have not yet got feathers- Cal- low. Probably derived from guling to fall about, and thus not able to fly, with the peculiar um inserted in the word. Gumunda, said of paddy when it covers the ground; when it hasso far grown as to hide the ground, especially in Sawahs, It may be the word Gurdra with the peculiar um inserted in it. Gundra, C. 177, a kind of grass, Sacharum Sara. Gumuruh, having a loud thundering sound. Derived from Guruh with vm inserted in the word. Guna, worth, use, purpose. Guna, C. 176, virtue, a quality, an attribute or property in general. Gundal, an attendant, a follower. Gundam, to speak in the sleep. Gundik, a concubine. Gundil, paddy without awns, any object without a usual appendage or projection. Gundrum, wheat, the grain of which bread is made, called also Farigo. Gundum in Malay also wheat, is Persian. Gundul, bald, without any hair on the head. A clean shaved head. Gundulan, to shave the hair off the head, often by way of punishment or disgrace. Gunggung, to add up, to ascertain the total. Gunggurung, a drain under an embankment of earth. A drain under a road. Gunggur-utu, a kind of wild grape. Cissus Arachnoidea. Of the family of Ampe- lideae. Often given to ducks. Guntangan, to hold by some support overhead, as a rope or hook. Gunting, scissars; to cut with scissars; to clip. Guntur, an impetuous torrent, a flood. Chat na guntur the river came down in a flood. Guntur, name of a Volcano in the Prianger Regencies south east from Bandong. Gunung Guntur would indicate a Volcano which poured out floods of lava. (Guxtur in Jav. id.; but means also the loud (thundering) sound of water — and of thunder.) Guntur gëni, a flood of fire; name of one of the old pusaka or heir-loom guns on Java. Gent is fire in Javanese. Gunung, a mountain. The Sunda people call themselves Orang gunung, mountaineers, and their language Basa gunung, the mountain language, this is of course on account of the mountainous nature of the country which they inhabit. Gunung Këndang, the Këndang mountains, which extend the whole leugth of Java: wherever the mountains run in ridges they are called Kéndang - vide voce. Gunung Sari, name of a place in the environs of the town of Batavia. Here we have 156 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE a pure Sunda word associated with what appears to be a Sanscrit one, See Sari The mountain of flowers, of beauty. Gupai, to beckon to come to; to call with a motion of the hand. Gupak, to wallow as buffaloes in mud. Gupakan, a mud hole where buffaloes wallow. Gurami, a species of fish much reared and kept in ponds, often sent about in tubs as presents. The word may perhaps be the Javanese Grami, Trade and Lauk Gurami would then mean „the fish of trade,” as it is reared in ponds for use or for selling. Or Gurami may be derived from Gramaya, C. 188, a village, a hamlet-implying fish, kept in the villages, in contradistinction to fish which swims at large in the rivers or in the sea. The word is often heard pronounced Grami. Ophromenus Olfax. Gurat, to make a mark on any hard substance as by engraving. To mark, to engrave. This word has a sort of diminutive in Gêërët, which see. Gurat Batu, literally engraven on stone, means figuratively any fixed tax or contribu- tion, especially a fixed tax on Paddy lands, Guriang, the mountain geni; the spirit of the mountains. Derived from Guru, C. 177, a preceptor; a religious teacher; one who explains the law and religion to his pupils. Hyang — See in voce — Divinity. L am indebted to Mr. Friederich for this solution. A designation evidently derived from Budhist or Brahminical times, though the wild fanciful idea may have been of a still earlier date. The name still lives among the Sunda mountaineers, and considerable supernatural importance is often attached to it. Beunang nanya ti guriang, to have enquired after it from the Mountain Spirit. Guriling, the act of rolling over and over again, as a stone down a hill. The plural of guling from the repetition of the act. Gurinda, a grind stone. Gurnita, known to all the world. Publicly known. (Seems to by the participle of ghûrn, volvi, eireumagi, volutari. Fr.) Guru, a religious teacher, as well in olden and heathen, or Hindu times, as now adays amongst Mohammedans. A model to go by, a muster to work by. Guru, C. 177 a teacher, a schoolmaster ; a religious teacher who explains the law and religion to his pupils. See Batara. Gurudag, a rattling noise. To arrive with a fuss. The fuss of attendance about a great man. Gwrudag bai datang, He arrived with much fuss. Guru Désa, the village Monitor. Called also Kérëti which see. The constellation Pleia- des by which the villagers are guided in their yearly Paddy plantings. Guru, a tea- cher, Désa, village. Vide voce. Guruh, a thundering noice; a dull heavy roar. The noise of an impetuons torrent of water, or of many people or animals in motion. Giguru, C. 178, thunder. Gurumutan, said when work is to bedone by many people, every man just a handful of work. A simultaneons onset at work. AND ENGLISH. 137 Gusi, the gums of the mouth. (Mal. Javan. id.) Gusti, Lord, a very high title of respect, now adays almost exclusively applied to God, as Gusti Allah, the Lord God. On Bali it is still a title of distinction for man, viz chiefs of high rank, as many of the chiefs have the word prefixed to their names. The word is evidently of Sanscrit origin, but is not to be found in Clough. Mr. Frie- derich reports in Bat: Frans: Vol. 23 Page 15 that Gusti on Bali is a title of the Waisya caste, who on Bali are the kings of the country. The name is not exacty Indian, at least not clearly so. Im India, the third caste — the Waisyas — are of no great note, and it is therefore not to be wondered that they have no particular distinguishing title. The case is and was otherwise on Java and Bali wither few Ksha- triyas appear to have come. Here the Waisyas became kings, and some title was re- quired for them, though even on Bali they rank inferior to the Déwa Agung of Klong- kong, who is of Kshatriya descent. The Balinese restrict the title of Gusti to the Waisya caste. On Java it is still retained as a designation of the Almighty, Gusti Allah, and is also applied to the two native sovereigns, the Susuhunan and the Sul- tan. That, however, the princes of Solo and Yogyakarta are called Gusti is a strong presumption that also their families were originally of the Waisya caste. They preserved the title whilst the name of the caste was lost through the influence of Mohammedanism (46). Gusur, to drag along the ground, to trail. Guwis, an expression in preparing Jagory sugar; to stir and whip it up when it is nearly sufficiently boiled. Guyang, to bathe as brutes, especially as buffaloes in the rivers; by rolling and submer- ging themselves in the water. Habëk, to strike with violence, with a will, with all one’s might. Habéssi, arabie, Abyssinian; an Ethiopian. Habot, heavy, rarely used, but sometimes it occurs. lt is properly Javanese. The word is heard compounded with Para, Parabot, tools, implements: with which our word has evidently a common origin — things which are heavy (47). (46) Gosht?, Skr. an assembly, a meeting; family connections, but especially the dependant or junior branches. Wilson. The Waisyas appear thus by this title as having been received and considered as adoptive junior members of the higher caste, the Xatriyas. We can see in this case, which is, at least apparently (perhaps by falsified laws of more modern times,) unheard of in India, that this mixture was possible on Java and Bali. Buddhism might have had some influence upon this con- descendance of the Xatriyas. But there might be also some doubt as to the time, when first the striet distinction was introduced even in India. At Bali Dewa's (Xatriyas) and Gustis (Waisyas) intermarry. — Fr. (47) Habot, Jav. is the same as hawrat, Mal. brat; the r being elided as in many cases (or perhaps added in brat, hawrat, — but this is not so likely!), ef. orang, Jav. wong, Bal. wwang; bras, Bal. ba-as, Sund. béas; kring Balin. king and many others; the ha, rather a alters nothing. — Parabot or prabot IL should derive from buat, to do; for the purpose or use of; prabuat, all what is for the purpose of doing g, of working. Fr. hed 18 138 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Hadangan, a noise among the guts; a disease in the bowels. A grumbling in the belly. Crawfurd gives as common to the Malay and Javanese, Adang, intercepted , stopped in the way, way-laid, which seems to be the etymon of our word. Hadar-al-maut, arabic, the Region of death. That part of Arabia facing the Indian Ocean, and from which come most of the Arabs who are found in Java. (The Arabs IA (& themselves give the explanation egel Sâs Hadrat-ul-Maut, presence of the death, because they consider themselves and have shown sometimes in India, that they are brave fellows. eell4s; Hadr-ul-maut, means the place of death. But so as stated - derive the Arabs the word otherwise, and translate it in this sense into Malay.) Hadé, good, right. Madé ning paré, it ceonduces to the success of Paddy. Mohal hadé to di bere, it will never be right not to give some. Haharéwosan, to whisper, to speak in a suppressed voice. Haja, to do intentionally. Lain di haja, not done on purpose. In Malay it is Sangaja, Marsden P. 170, on purpose, wilfully. Sahaja, Marsden P. 194, purpose, design. The word may probably be some form of the Singhalese word Madanawa C. 785, to make, to form, to build; the final nawa is only constructive. Hajat, a feast, to make a festival, as at a marriage or circumcision. The word is probably Arabie, and means necessity, necessary use or occasion: a feast being considered in- dispensable ata circumcision or marriage. (From the Ar. root _\… hâja, to be obliged. Fr.) Hajëli, a variety of Panicum, a gramineous plant bearing a hard seed, which can be steamed and eaten. Called in Malay JaU. Hajéré, somewhat resembles the foregoing, and is thus a Panicum. It has very hard blueish seeds which are sometimes strung as ornaments for bed curtains. Haji, arabic. A person who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca, and is always distinguished by wearing a white turban. Bulan Maji the 12th. Mohammedan month, and the one in which the pilgrimage at Mecca must be accomplished. ( <= hâjj; he wears a tur- ban in contradistinction to the common Javanese, who wear only a handkerchief on the head. Fr.) Hak, arabic, right, equity, justice, law, rule. Lèungit hak, lost his right. Mak mutëlak, De en de OI arabic, the pure truth, the absolute richt. (G=5 Gl) is) Hakan, to eat. Quere from Hakka, the jaw, C. 784. Kanawa, C. 103 to eat; the lat- ter part of the word is only constructive. In Malay it is makan, the ma being evi- dently a usual verbal prefix. Hakan-hakanan, eatables, provisions; whatever is served up at table. AND ENGLISH. 159 Hakim, arabic, learned, erudite, a Doctor, a philosopher. (5 5) Hal, arabic, state, situation , business, affair, circumstance. (Jl) Hal na, rightly, from its circumstance, considering that. Mal na bwruk, the matter being that it is rotten. Hal na lain sia nu bogah, vightly it belongs to you. Halabhab, famished, very hungry. Halal, arabic, lawful, legitimate, permitted, clean; blessed, not forbidden, in opposition to Haram , interdicted , aeeursed. Lauk na halal, the meat is lawful, may be eaten. (J le) Halalkën, to make lawful, to legalize. Halangan, impediment, intervention, any circumstance which prevents a person doing any act. Ari to bogah halangan, if nothing comes in the way. (Cf. Mal. lárang and rárang.) Halimun, mist, haziness hanging about mountains. Gunung Halimun, the mountains of mist — name of the range between Jasinga and the Prianger Regencies. Haling, placed between like a curtain, intercepting view. (Jav. idem.) Halir, a shout of irony. Halis, theeye brow. (Mal. Javan. idem.) Haliwu, disturbance, uproar, a great noise. Confusion in arrangements, Halokëén, to designate, te speak of, to consider as. Halu, a pestle, particularly for pounding out paddy. It is a long straight staff of hard wood, about 5 or 6 feet in lenght, andas thick asa man’s wrist. (Mal. Javan. idem.) Halur, a furrow, atrench,a groove. The beaten track of animals in the forest. See Waluran. Ham, the idiomatic expression of biting at, of snapping at, as a tiger or dog would do. The act of pouncing at with the moùth. Hama, any thing which is prejudicial, disease, complaint, indisposition. Mama bèëuréum, the red disease. Mama putih, the white disease, two diseases which attack the blades of young growing paddy. (Ar. ee humma, laboravit febri?) Hama-an, troubled with some disease. Hamat, a designation for a quantity of paddy, of a weight varying in different parts. The people inland of Batavia do not count by Hamats. Hambal, the rundle or step of a ladder. Hambar, tasteless, insipid. Hambaru, post and plank driven in to contain an embankment, to prevent the earth from slipping down. Hambérang, the name of a tree which is a variety of fig. Ficus nivea. It has been named Nwea, the snowy, because when the wind catches and turns the large leaves, the under part which is wAitg comes into view. The leaves are given to horses where grass is scarce. 140 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Hambëréuta, name of a tree, otherwise called Chongkok. Hambérichin, an inferior variety of Duku or Lansium. Hambirung, name of a tree, Eupatorium Javanicum. Hambur, of nouse, useless, grod for nothing; any artide of which many or a great deal is used for any particular work; not going far; soon used up. Di Batawi kara hambur duwit, you must remember that at Batavia money will not go very far (where every thing has to be bought.) Mambur gawé sia, your work is good for nothing. Hamburasut, scattered about in confusion. EN Hamdulillah, arabie. God be praised. (al el praise be to God.) Hamham, uneertain, not defined, not definite; neither clearly yes nor no. Hamo, no, it wont, dont be afraid, no fear. Mamo ngégél, it wont bite. Hamo, mohal di charékan, Dont be afraid, IL will not scold you. Hampal, name of a river fish; famous for jumping up out of the water. Hampang, light, not heavy. Easy to be done. (Mal. Gampang see above.) Hampas, the residue of anything from wich the valuable part has been extracted, as cane-thrash after it has passed through the mill, Ampa in Malay, empty, void , hollow. Hampos, not of agreeable taste, unpleasant- said of tobacco which when smoked has a bad flavour- of sugar cane which though externally good, is bad when eaten- and the like. Hamprau, the gall, the bile; the gall- bladder, the gizzard, the maw. In Malay it is called Aimpadu or Ampadal. (Ampadu,the bile; Ampadal, the gizzard. Jav. ampèru the bile.) Hamprau badak, name of a tree- literally Rhinoceros bile. Hampura, to give pardon. Pardon, grace. (Jav. Mapura, idem.) Hancha, a row or direction to work in; division or assignement. Hanchang, said of fish. Lauk hanchang, fish which swim near the surface of the water, and cast their spawn by Mija. Vide. Hanchér, slow, backward, devoid of energy. To work with indifference. Handam, a creeping trailing plant very common in the jungle. The stem is seldom thicker than a quill and it grows fast into thick bushes. Paku haudam, a variety of fern. It is found only high up on the mountains and resembles the brecons of Europe. Handap, low, lowly. Zangkal na handap,thetreeislow. Di handap, below. (Jav. idem.) Handaru, echo; resonant. Anda, C. 17. Voice, sound- Dharuna, C. 299. one of the names of Brahma; Swarga, the paradise of the gods. It may thus mean literally the voice of Brama, or of Heaven” — from being repeated constantly afresh. Daru, in Malay, Marsden 182 is roar, to make a loud noise (as the waves of the sea.) In Sunda, see voce, Dar-dur, is making an uproar. Thus Manda dar-dur, the sound which is repeated again and again, elided into Handaru. (Jav. Daru, lustre, resplendence.) Handarusa, also sometimes called Gandarusa, Justicia Gendarusa. Name of a plant common in fences about houses. Anda, C. 17. an egg, a testicle or the serotum. AND ENGLISH. 141 Rosha, C. 600, anger, wrath- but in Sunda Jlossa means strong. It may thus mean strength to the testieles, under the idea of manly vigour or power residing therein. Ganda is also a form in the conjugation of the verb ganawa, to take, and would thus be giving strenght or taking strenght. In Ceylon they have a plant called Atarusha the Justicia Adhenatoda. C. 61. The Sunda people use the leaves of the Handarusa worn in the belt under the idea of strengthening their loins, when they carry great loads. Han déong, name of a small tree, Guazuma tomentosa. Handëu-éul inwardly vexed; provoked; vexed without giving vent to vour rage. Handëulëum, a shrub with a dark erimson- coloured, or purple leaf. Justicia picta. It is often planted over the after birth. Handiwung, Areca Rubra or Globulifera, name of a Palm tree found on the South coast of Bantam, and covered along the stem with needle- like prickles. Hanëut, warm, not quite hot, which is Pazas. Hanggasah, a plant, a variety of Geanthus. Hanggasah gëdé, a plant. Amomum maximum. Hangkèëut, a short bit, a little bit left; nearly done. A short distance; short. Evident, clear, not profound. Hangseur, of an offensive smell, stinking of urine. Hang’'u-hang’u, to try to get what belongs to others; hankering after. Hangyir, smelling of corrupt meat. The smell accompanying the commencement of rot- tenness. Tainted. Hanja, name of a tree. Hanjakal, vexatious, provoking from some little eircumstance not being in order. Hanjat, to come up from, to ascend, to get upon, to climb. Hanjawar, a variety of Palm tree, Pinanga Javanica. Hanjéré, name of a tall gramineous plant. Coix lacryma, or Job’s tears. Called in Malay Ja. (See Majëli and Hajéré.) Hanjuang, name of a plant, Dracena terminalis. Hanjuar, longing to eat anything, yearning after. Hantam, to strike with violence; to put oneself in forcible possession of; to seize upon; to attack, To have illicit connexion with a female. MHantap, name of a tree- Sterculia. Hantimun, Cucumis Melo. A cucumber; a variety of the cuenmber. (Bat. Katimun.) Hanto, no, not- and often by contraction simply ’4o, as To hadé not good. To urus, that will never do. Manto nyaho, 1 do not know. (Kawi Tan, not. Han appears to be prefixed. The most simple form will be ta. There is also a form tar in Kawi; cf. tar-âda Fr.) Hantu, a disease in the muscles. A ghost. Mantu, C. 786. death from Hana, to kill. Hanuman, C. 786. from Manu the jaw, and matup affinative. The monkey chief of that name, the ally and spy of Rama against Rawana. 142 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Hapa, not having any contents, as grain which does not fill. Barren, sterile. Hapa éman, partly empty as grain; only so far empty as to be sorry to throw it away. Eman or Aéman, to have a love for. See Voce. Hapöuk, foisty, frouzy, having a bad smell, fetid, Wiguratively no go! you w'ont get it! Hapéuk amat pakéan sia, your clothes are very frouzy. Aridi pénta, hapëuk, and when I asked for it, it was no go- (he would not give it.) Haphap, a kind of flying lizard, Draco volans, 5 or 6 inches long including tail- other- wise also called Orai Pöpéték. It appears to be known in Malay by the name of Kubin. Marsden Page 272. Hapit, name of a part of the native hand loom. The Hapit is the stick in front of the weaver, round which is rolled the cloth as it is woven. Hapit, the 11th Mohammedan month of the year, otherwise called Deut Kakida or Dul Kahidah. Hapur, a trifing whitish defect which makes its appearance on the skin of natives, called in Malay Paxo. Not lampang which see also. Supak in Malay. Marsden P. 192. Haraghag, a variety of wild Pandan growing among the mountains, the leaves of which are used for tying up Java sugar. Harak, greedy, particularly about eatables. Having more than one can eat and still unwilling to give to any one else. Greedy like the dog in the manger. Haraka, stuff to eat or guttle, as fruit, or odds and ends of vegetables. (Skr. Ahára, food.) Haralog, collapsed, fallen together; shrunk into a smaller compass. Haram, arabie, unlawful, forbidden, interdieted; accursed; sacred, in the sense of its not being allowed to meddle with it. Ae interdicted.) Haram jadah, arabic, literally accursed child, a bastard. This word is of very frequent occurrence, and means scoundrel, vagabond. (See the preceding ; jâdah is the Persian zâdah, child.) Haramai, a sort of hemp made from the stem of a plant of the nettle kind, Urtica Di- versifolia. Fishing nets are made of Haramai. Called in Malay Ramé. Harang, charcoal. JCayu harang, ebony, thus literally charcoal wood. The Ebony of Madagascar and of the Isle of France is produced by the Diospyrus Ebenum. Harangasu, grime, lamp black; the black stuff which sets itself on the bottom of coo- king pots. Hararéwa, the plural of éwa, which see. Batur na hararéwa ka mandor, the people have a great aversion to the Mandor. Harasas, a fine variety of Pandanus, often used for covering Dudukuis,or roughly made native hats. Harcha, Idols, objects of pagan worship. Archa, C. 47 worship, honor, salutation. Archana, C. 47 worship, homage paid to the gods. The Badui people in South Ban- AND ENGLISH. 145 tam call the rude stones which they worship, or which are set up in their places of worship or offering- Marcha. (Archâ, Skr., means also an image.) Haréan, of the same age or standing. Maréan kula gëus pararaih, the people of my standing are all dead. Harëémis, a small bivalve shell fish, with yellow shell. It is found in the rivers where sand aceumulates: it is a Cyrena. Harën, full of hope, in good expectation. Eagerly expecting. Harënai, said of paddy advancing towards ripeness; turning yellow. Harénang, name of a bushy shrub, with flower bunches terminal to the branches. Haréndong, a small shrub growing plentifully in open cleared country, and generally well set with pink flowers. Melastoma Malabathrieum. It grows a small black berry which children are fond of eating, and which stains the mouth black, hence the Greek name melas, black, stoma, the mouth. Called by the Malays 9% Kaduduk. Haréno, a wood growing in jungle, much used for carrying sticks. It is called Darwwak near Batavia. Grewia Paniculata. Harëudang, close and warm, suffocatingly warm, not a breath of air. Figuratively- provoking restrained. Harëu-éus, a kind of wild raspberry, common not only in Java but throughout the Archipelago. Rubus Moluccanus, and Rubus Sundaicus. Harëuga, a weed frequent among the mountains, and growing with great obstinacy. lt has a white flower which is succeeded by numerous short black needles of seeds, which adhere to the trousers of a person passing through amongst them. 1t is called in the West Indies and Ceylon- Spanish needles. Harëup, front, in front, foremost. Di harèup, in front. Harëupan, to be in front of anything, to face. (Jav. Marëp, Hadèp. amana anda, Mal. Hádap.) Harèëup, to expect, to wish for, to long for, to desire, Di harëup datang his arrival was expected. Di haréup-harëup, to be in expectation of; to look out for earnestly. (Jav. Zarép , um en ag, it seems to have connexion with the preceding word.) Harga, price, value. Argha, C. 47. price, cost, value. Hari is a designation of some sort of deity or supernatural person, and as such is still in use among the Badui. Mari batang see Batang. Hari, C. 787 from hara to take. A name of Krishna or Vishnu; Yama; Indra. (Mari as adjective means green; tawny.) Hari raya, a festive day, a day kept as a holiday. Properly Malay but still very fre- quently heard. Hariang, a Begonia, a shrubby herb, the leaves and stem of which are sometimes used as an acid in cooking when Monjé fails. Hariang, a name used in Jampés to designate some supernatural personage. It is pro- bably derived from Mari, vide supra and Myang;, divinity. The Divinity Krishna, 144 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Jama or Indra. Martang Sanjaya, is such a personage- divine Krishna convictorious. Hariëum, partly sweet and partly sour, as is the case with some fruits, as with the Kranji, Dialium Indicum. Harigu, the breast bone. Haring'in, name of a tree. Cassia exaltata. Harita, formerly, some time ago- former time. (Liti, Skr. usage, traditionary observance. Rita, might be a participle of the same root #f, to go, with the meaning gone. Ha as often added. Fr.) Hariwayat, arabie Liwayat, a narrative, history ; amusing tale. Harraranggé, the red ant which is found much on fruit trees, near houses; it bites very hard. Marta, goods, property, effects. Artha, C. 48. Property, riches, wealth. Marti, understanding, intelligence, meaning. Artha, CO, 48. meaning, signification. Art- ek) ta, C. 48. wise. Haru-haru, to molest, to disturb, to stir up. Haruhuh, a bird among the mountains so called. It cries „Kong-kong-kong.” Harun, arabic. Aaron. Harupat, round the Kawung Palm is a vegetable substance called Znjuk, see this word. Amongst the Imjuk are prods of stiff black woody matter called Marupat, which are made into native pens for writing. Harus, loud, aloud, audible, shrill: harus chèluk, loud in his shout, loud- voiced. Harus, proper, fit, suitable, necessary, expedient, requiring, deserving. Harus, a current in the ocean, or in any large body of water. Haruyan, as Batu haruyan, a sort of gritty dark coloured sandstone, used for making Paisans or head stones for graves Hasëéëum, sour, acid. Buwah na hastum, the fruit is sour. (Mal. Asém.) Hasëup, smoke; steam rising from boiling water. Kapal Hasèup a steamer, a smoke ship. (Mal. Asëp.) Hasëupan, a conical bambu basket in which rice is steamed. Hasup, to enter, to go in. Entering. Jo hasup, lt wont go in. See Sup. (Batav. ma- sup and másuk. Malay máâsukh.) Hasupan, to enter, to go in oneself. Lèuwêung di hasupan ku orang we went into the forest. Hasupkön, to put in, to cause to enter. Masupkén ka jero liang na put it into its hole. Hata, a kind of creeper which being split, is used for binding fine bambu work, espe- cially Dudukuis or native hats. Haté, the heart; the mind, the organ of sensibility and intelligence; the liver. (Anatomi- cally). The inner part of bambu as contradistinguished from Ainis or the epidermis. Mati, C. 508 understanding, intellect, inclination, wish. Hatéup, thatch; the roof or covering of a house. Called in Malay Atap. Mostly made AND ENGLISH. 145 from the leaves of the Kirai or Nipah palm tree. Matéup &urih, thatch made of long alang-alang or Èurih grase. Atta, C. 20. a branch. Polatta, from Pol, C. 424, a cocoanut, and Atta, C. 20. a branch. Cocoanut leaves so called in Ceylon, made into Ataps for thatch. (Jav. afép, em arg) Hatèëupan, to cover with ataps; to thatch. Hatur, to put or set in order, to arrange- to make a proper distribution of work. Atu- ranawa, C. 20. to spread, to scatter. (Mal. idem. Jav. to offer, to relate to a higher person.) Haturan, arrangement, a setting in order. Report on any subject. Haturkën, to make a report; to bring to the notice of. Hauk, grey, a dirty white colour. Discoloured from any cause. (Batav. dá-ul.) Haung-haung, to roar as a tiger; to howl as a large beast of prey. Hence Maung, a tiger. Haur, a variety of Bambus, with very thick wood. The haurs are more used as posts, than for spitting. Haur China . . . . Bambusa Floribunda, the thin Chinese Bambu. —)— Chuchuk . . . —,— Blumeana, the thorny variety. —,— Géulis or Héjo . —,— Viridis, the green sort. ss Konéng … … mp Agrostis or Striata, yellow sort. —— Futul . . … … _—-— the spotted variety. Hawa, arabic, breath, air; affection, desire, lust; inclination, will, wish. Mawa, C. 791 any feminine act of amourous pastime, or tending to excite amourous sensations; co- quetry, blandishment, dalliance. (ssp; hawan, amor; affectus, cupiditates; ),: ‚ ha- won, aer.) Hawa, arabic, is the name by which, in Java, Eve, the first woman, is known. ( ES) Hawara, early, coming soon to perfection; said of plants, paddy &c. Early, premature. Paré hawara, early paddy, which soon ripens. Mawara amat datang, how early you have come. (Awara in Ser. is rather oppositely hinder, posterior!) Hawhën, a tree- Bleocarpus glaber. Hawu, the native fire place, used in their bambu houses. It is a stand made of clay mixed with several ingredients, usually about a couple of feet long by 1% foot broad, fitted with openings above to set cooking pots over the fire made underneath (Jav. une pawon from Mey awvw (abu) ashes.) Hayam, a fowl, the domestic fowl- Gallus. Anak hayam, a chick, a chicken. Hayam-ayaman, a wild fowl found in swamps. (What likes upon fowls). Hayang, to desire, to long for, to wish. Hayang ka hilir, L wishto go down the river, to visit the sea board. Mayang holodo, IT hope it will be fair. (em dr, Jav. hayëng is to go round about, to stroll). 19 146 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Hayo, a word of encouragement; heigh ho! come along! be quick! (Jav. Mal. id.) Hé-éh, a word of astonishment, and at same time of interdiction. Hellow! Hé-és, to sleep, asleep. Zo bisa hé-és, Y can not get to sleep. Héh, an exclamation of surprise. How so! now you see! Héhéotan, to whistle. Héjirah, arabie — „the Flicht’ — is the name of the Mohammedan era, and dates from A. D. 622, being the period of the flight of Mohammed from Méka to Medina. Sv ee. GEE hijrat.) Héjo, green. (Bal. Bjo; Mal. Jav. Zo.) Hélok, L am astonished, it is strange, wonderful, worthy of admiration. Iéman or Éman, to have an affection for, to love. Hénehér, thin and watery in substance. (Batav. Âmchér.) Hénék, pain in the pit of the stomach, cramp in the belly, a spasm in the heart; in- wardly distressed, perplexed, feeling remorse. In Malay Sénék. (Batav. Enèk Jav. En RN EnnÈk, to have an inclination to vomiting.) Héong-héong, to mew as a cat- hence méong, a cat. ' É A deld Héran, arabie, astonished , amazed, confounded. (ole) Heérémis, a small yellow oval bivalve shell fish, found burrowing in sand near water. Cyrena; also Harémis. Heérit, a fear of tigers; when tigers are known to be prowling about. Hésé, difficult, hard to be accomplished. Héuaikén, to bend round gently. Héubéul, old, ancient, former. Jalan heubeul, the old road; Geus heubeul, it is a long time ago. Héuchak, incomplete heads of paddy which cannot be tied up in bundles. Paddy which breaks off from the bundles. We should perhaps call it Sweepings. Héula, first, preceding in time or place. Chokot étá heula, take that first. Gëus ti heula, he has gone on first, or ahead. (Cf. Mal. Mulu, da-hulu.) Heula-an, in the first instance. To do something before another person, to precede, to anticipate. Heêulakën, to do first. To do or carry into effect in the first instance. Hèulang, a kite, a falcon. Falco Pondicerianus. (Batav. Ulung-ulung. Jav. Wulung or Ulung.) Héulëung, evil-disposed, wicked; Jéléma höulëuny, an evil-disposed man, a good for nothing fellow. Heulëut, an interruption, a space between; a boundary, a limit. Maké hèultut, there was an interruption. AND ENGLISH. 147 Héuléutan, to divide, to separate, to work at only here and there. Hèéumpas, overlapping, where one part sticks out, over or beyond another. Heunchëut, Pudendum muliebre. Héurap, a long casting net to take fish. Hèéuras, stiff, firm and hard. Unwilling to bend. (Cf. Mal. Kras. Jav. Kéras. and Kras.) Héurin, in the way, inconvenient. Méurin usik, so much in the way that you cannot move; said especially of a crowd of people. Hèéurtui, troublesome, importunate, vexatious. Meddling where you have no bu siness. Hiakën, to set to work, to encourage others to do something, to egg on. Hiang, to disappear, to vanish. The act by wich the wonderful men of old made them- selves scarce. They did not die but became invisible, and from this circumstance the Priangér Regencies are called f'antuh Priaugën, from Para of the order of, of the number of — Hiangën, those who vanish. See yang which is evidently the true original of Hiang. There is a tree called Ki-hiang, Adenanthera falcata, from the cireumstance of its casting all its leaves at once and becoming thus bare before the new leaves show themselves. Hiangkëén, to keep off evil. Hibat, to divide a man's property during his life time among his children, in order to be sure that each gets what is meant for him, and not leave it to an uncertainty af- ter death. Meibat, Marsden Page 366. Arabic, meaning fear, timidity- Timorcus, fearful, and perhaps our Sunda acceptation is derived from a fear which a father might entertain regarding the eventual distribution of his property. (lt seems to be Ed rd ä >, hibat, donation, from the Arabic root Ds, wahaba, dedit, donavit. Fr.) Hibér, to fly. (Javan. idem.) Hidayat, most likely arabic, Prosperity, good luck. (Elan, Hiduyat from the Arab. SSD, hadâ, means directio bona, institutio recta. Also the name of treatises on law.) Hidéng, comprehend, understand. Zo hideng, IL do not comprehend it. Hidëéung, black, of a dark colour. Awt hidéung, or Awt wulung the black bambu- Bambusa nigra. (dav. úrëng, ahan idem.) Hidi, to spear tish; a man dives in the water, watches the fish, and spears them with an instrument adopted for the purpose. The spear so called. Hidi! an exclamation of astonishment or fear. Oh dear! Hihid, a fanner made of split bambu, with which a fire is fanned into a blaze, or fresh boiled rice is fanned whilst undergoing the process of Akèul or kneading. The hihid is about a foot square, made of fine matted bambu, with a stick to hold it by tied along one edge. 148 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Hihirian, to shirk orders; to shove upon others what we ought to do ourselves. Hikayat, arabic, history, tale, story, fable. Mikayat Zskhander Zulkarnain, the history of Alexander the great. (Als) Hikëuh, a fish found in mountain streams; in size it is intermediate between the Kun- chara and Soro, which it resembles in shape, and excellence of taste. Hiléud, a caterpillar. Á Hilëudéëun, having a swelling about the nails of the foot or hand. A whitlow. Hiling, to get out of the way. Clear the road! Hilingkën, to tell to get out of the way; to drive out of the way. Hilir, down the river, with the stream, in contradistinetion to Girang up the river. People among the mountains speak of the sea-board generally as Hilir. (Mal. Jav. Milirs Opposite Mudik, to go up to the higher country. Fr.) Himi-himi, name of a short of scaly fish in the sea, of a peculiar formation. Hina, common, mean, of low birth and manners. In Malay it is also used, and Marsden gives the example of Mira dan dina the mean and low. Mina, C. 794. deficient defective, bad, vile. Diva, C. 275, poor, indigent, needy. JZma, C. 75 mean, low, Ino, in Sandwich Isles, bad. (Skr. Mina, defective; vile, bad; abandoned. Wilson.) Hindés-an, the small hand mill, consisting of a pair of wooden rollers revolving in op- posite directions to clean cotton of the seeds. Derived from MNindés or Tindës, to press, to crush, which words are not, however, Sunda, but are Javanese and Malay, from one of whom we must thus suppose that the Sundanese learned how to clean their cotton. The cotton passes through between the rollers, but the seeds are arres- ted and drop in front of the machine. Hinggu, assafcetida. Hingu, C. 792. Assafoetida. Hingkik, the owl. Hinis, scrapings of bambu; before bambu can be split fine, the epidermis is scraped off, and this refuse is called Minis. The outer part of bambu, the Silicious epidermis of bambu as contradistinguished from Maté or the inside and soft part. Minis takes a sharp edge, and is sometimes used for temporary knives, as some varieties of bambu when properly sharpened will cut flesh. Hintan, Diamond. Hiras, to induce one's neighbours to give assistance, by making some trifling present, giving a chew of betle, or something to eat. Hiri, or hiri-hiri, an exclamation of fear, or of frightening some other person- As oh for God's sake d'ont! Hirian or bihirian, shirking orders, shoving what is to be done upon the shoulders of a neighbour. (See Hikirian). Hirian, to offer for, to make overtures to buy. ed een AND ENGLISH. 149 Hiri-déngki, hating and envious; said of a malicious and evil disposed person. See Marsden Page 26 Iri, to hate- and Page 155 Dangki, envy, envious. Hiri-haté, hate, a malicious feeling against any one. Hiris, a shrubby plant with a pod containing a pea, much planted in the humahs. Ca- janus flavus. Called in Malay Gudéf. Hiru-hara, confusion, uproar. (Mal. id. Jav. ru4ara, haruhara. Kawi, according to the Mss. hárohara; according to the Javanese harahura and hurahuru…. Seems to be onomatopoëtical Fr.) Hirup, alive, to live. (Mal. Zdup. Jav. Balin. urip. Balin. also Zdup. Fr.) Hitut, to fart, which is perhaps not heard but nevertheless very offensive. (Malay Kéntut.) Ho, yes- as Atuho, well yes! an asseveration acknowledging anything. Hoalkën, to move with a lever applied under any object; to prize up. The act of pul- ling back the lever which has been applied, so as to raise the object. Hoghag, battling the watch in disputing, disputing a matter on which no agreement can be come to. Hoih, Rattan, Calamus, of which the following are distinguished : 1. Bubuai, thick, of little or no use; has long sharp thorns. 2. Dawéuh, small, used for cords or for whips. 5. Gëurëung, thin, used in houses as cords to hang clothes on. A. Këssur, large and serviceable; used at ferries to pull boats over by. 5. Korod, low, Rattan short and fit only for whips; very prickly. 6, Lëuléus or Lilin, the pliant or waxy, good for splitting and using as ropes or shreds to tie with. 7. Minchëk, a small variety used for whips. 8. Muka, very brittle and worthless. 9. Omas, a small variety, of no particular use. 10. Pahit, resembles Kessur. 11. Pélla, one of the most useful sorts in house building &c. 12. Sampai, like Sampang, only is a little smaller. 13. Sampang, a thick, stiff, unbending sort, good for spear handles, walking sticks and the like. 14. Sé-Cl, in universal use when split up for lashings. 15. Sëgé, much used for whips. 16. Simpang, looks like Sampang, but is not much used as it is brittle. 17. Térëtés, good for lashinegs, stands in water; used for whips. 18. Tinggal, a fine spotted and mottled variety, in repute for walking sticks, Said to grow only on Jungkulan or on Bantam Head, and on Princes Island. 19. Wallat, the common rattan of commerce, very scarce in the forests of Java, but Borneo abounds in it, 150 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE. Holodo, fair, fine weather, dry, not wet, when speaking of the weather. Honar, assumed importance, unnecessary trouble, a fuss about nothing. Honjé, a Scitameneous plant, formerly called Geanthus speciosus, but now adays called Elettaria. The fruit grows on a stalk by itself and forms a large round collection of nuts or pulpy seeds. Used by the mountaineers in cooking in place of Tamarind, for the sake of its acidulous properties. Honjéwat, to seize upon, to grasp. Ho-oh, yes, truly. Ö Ho-ok, pity, concern, to have a regard for, to feel affection for, to feel an aversion to do any act. Mo-ok ka banda, to have a concern about one’s property. Horéam, a sensation of fear experienced by looking from a height, as when a man is up a high tree, and feels fear on looking down. Horéng, as it turns out, after all. Sugan sia léumpang, horéng hanto, I thought you went, but now it turns out you did not. Horénganan, as it turns out, as the event proves. Horloji, the Dutch horlogie, a watch, a clock, a timekeeper. Hormat, arabie, honour, reverence, respect. Compliments of ceremony. Een) Horu, name of a fish; it is very scarce, and found only in some mountain streams. Hos, the idiomatie expression of dying. Mos paih, and dead he went. Hoya, a division of the fruit of the plantain. Hach small separate assemblage of fruit. Every bunch of plantains consists of several Hoyas. Called in Malay Sa Sisir. Hras, name of a tree called also Laban. Vitex leucoxylon. Hu, arabie, properly Hua or Huwa, He- he is. Allah Au akbar, God is great. Huma also frequently occurs attached to Allah, as Allah Auma which is probably — God who is He. (Hu is >, huwa; Allahumma is one word, O God; 0) Huapan, to feed by stuffing into the mouth of another, as a child is fed by its mother. Used figuratively — to stuff a man with anything he wants, to put it into his mouth — to bribe him. (Batav. Suap, Suappin; Cf. Mal. «5. suâb and aus sup Marsden.) OT HE) Hudang, to get up, arise. Jachan daik hudang, he has not yet got up. Hudangkën, to bause to get up, to rouse up. Huit, to whisper. Hujan, rain. Im Javanese Udan is rai. Uda, C, 76. water- uda-anudan. The word is aspirated in Sunda and the middle d changed into . Hujan-Anginkën, to expose to rain and wind; to expose to all weathers, to leave ont in the open air. Hujan-buwah, Hailstones, literally Rain in fruit. Hailstones occasionally fall in Java. Hujankën, to expose to rain, to put out in the rain. Hujan-lëbu, a rain of dust or fne ashes. A shower of volcanic ashes or dust. je Te AND ENGLISH. 151 Hukum, arabie, sentence, judgment punishment. In Sunda it is used to mean more par- je) e e Su? . one ticularly to punish according to law. To pass sentence on. ( ee Hukm (on), judicium, arbitrium.) Hukuman, a punishment awarded for any offence. Law. Hukuman Kumpani, the law of the company or government. Mukuman Jslam, the law of Islam- Mohammedan law. Hukur, to measure. Jukang hukur, a man who measures; a surveyor. (Mal, Jav. idem.) Hukuran, a measuring stick; anything to measure with. Measurement. Hulu, the head, of the body — of a Kris or weapon — of a river, its source. A piece of the number of anything round or bulky. Batu sa hulu, a big lump of a stone. Kalapa sa hulu, one cocoanut. Bonteng tilu hulu, three cucumbers. Mulu Chai, river head, where a river has its source. Óluwa, C. 91, the head. (Mal. Kawi, idem.) Huluan, having substance, something that can be felt in the hand. Not like water which eludes the grasp. Having a head. Hulu-haté, the pit of the stomach; the part at the division of the ribs: the sternum. Humah, a piece of forest cut down, and burnt off, and on the ground so cleared, a plantation of Paddy is made by dibbling in the seed. The word is probably derived from Huah for Buah fruit, and Mah, spot, place. A Aumah is called in Batavian Malay, Gaga and on Sumatra, Ladang. Humbut, the heart or Cabbage of Palm trees or Rattans. Humoai, to yawn. Huni, name of a tree which bears a black berry. Antidesma Bunius. (Batav. Buni.) Huntu, a tooth, of man or of animal. Coggs of a wheel. (Jav. idem.) Huntu gëlap, a thunder- bolt, literally- tooth of the lightning, old stone axes, which must have been used by the natives before they knew the use of iron are frequently found, which resemble those found by Cook in use among the Savages of the Paciflc, and the natives of Java now adays are convinced that these are „teeth of the licht- ning”, and they also call them Auntu gëlap. Hunyur, an ant hill. Huralléëng, dizzy; excessively hot and knocked up by the heat of the sun, on exposure. Hurang, a shrimp; they are found in plenty in the rivers and in pounds in the interior of the country. (Jav. id.) Hurang-watang, a large variety of shrimp- a prawn. Shrimps in Malay are called Udang. Hur-bating, in case of emergency. MHur-bating sia lëumpang sorangan, lamun ku maung sala mt nulungan, ìn case of emergency if you go alone, if a tiger attack you, who snor help vou: Hurip, hving, thriving, prosperous. It occurs in a form of Jampé, where it is said to represent the Barth; see Sérs. (See Hirup.) 152 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Huru, to burn, to set fire to. Murw, C. 7197. the Sun. Huru, a tribe of trees, of which there are many varieties, many of them good as timber for house-building. They belong to the genera Laurus and Litswa. Huruhara, in confusion, always in a fuss without getting through work. Tumult, uproar, disturbance. Mara, C. 787 to take: who or what takes or seizes, carries or conveys. Huruhara is probably a duplication of this word Mara. The first word made Huru to show a diversity of taking, and will thus imply- snatching, seizing, and there- by denote the confusion which the Sundas attach to the word. (See Hiru-hara.) Hurun, to tie up in a bundle anything coarse and large, especially firewood. Hurunan, a bundle of firewood &c. Hurung, glowing, blazing up, kindled as fre. Hurup, to attack in numbers; to overpower with many. Husen, vide Ariya Damar. Hut, the Zodiacal sien Pisces. (Arab. Ey). Hutang, Béunang ku hutang, to get by a debt, to borrow. Hu-ut, ne or coarse bran, chaff. Ki-Ahw-ut name of a tree often covered with white debt, loan, credit. To borrow. Mutaug sia sa braha? how much is your debt? flowers, as if dredged with bran or flour, hence the name, which has also partly been transferred to the Botanical name- Geunsia Farinosa. Huwap, a morsel, a mouthful. Sa huwap kéjo, a mouthful of boiled rice. (See Huapan.) Huwapan, to feed by putting into the mouth of another; to stuff. Huwi, a potatoe, a yam, any farinaceous or esculent root, of which there is a great variety, belonging chiefly to the genera Dioscorea and Convolvulus. The following is a list of those known to the Sunda people 1. Bahung, a large sort. . Boléd, the same as Mantang, wich see. Butun, probably the yam of Butun, an island off the S. Wast corner of Ce- lebes. It is planted by the Chinese about Tangërang and Léngkong. lt is O1 NO the Dioscorea alata. Alata, introduced into Java? which would denote its being originally a stranger there. 4, Buwah. 5. Dudung, small and round grows wild in forest. 6. Gedé, a large variety. {. Jahé, a small sort. 8. Kalapa, a large sort. ). Kamayung, resembles Zoropong only shorter. 10. Kéntang, the common potatoe, Solanum tuberosum. 11. Kétan, large sort. er er JY AND ENGLISH. 153 12. Kiara, large and branching out like the fingers, or the root of the Kiara tree. 13. Kuméli, a small round yam, the bulb of the Plectranthus Tuberosus. Vide voce. 14. Lampuyang. 15. Lilin, nearly the same as kalapa. 16. Manis, large sort and sweet. 17. Mantang, the sweet potatoe, a small native yam called also Boléd, Convol- vulus Batatas, called in Javanese and Malay Katéla, and ubi Jawa. It is said that the Malay name is also sometimes heard as Kastilla, as if of Castille and thus idtroduced by the Spaniards, but its having two pure Sunda names Man- tang and Boléd pleads for its being indigenous. 18. Orai, long and crooked. 19. Sabut, grows of itself in the forest- a poor variety barely eatable. 20. Tapak. 21. Toropong, the telescope, long and straight in yam- and very good. 22. Tunduk. f 23. Wolanda, Dutch or Holland's yam, the name given to the Cassave or Ja- tropha Manihot, from which we must conclude that it was introduced into Java from the West Indies though now every where very common. Huwis, grey-headed, grey-bearded, anything that is hairy and grey, thus there is a variety of Tundun or Rambutan, which is called Fundun huwis from the hairy projec- tions on it being grey. Hyang, usually pronounced Miang in compound words. It means Divinity Godhead as used in the Buddhism or Brahmanism of ancient Java, and of wich traces still remain in the language. The word yang in the sense of Divinity occurs constantly in con- junetion with Sanscerit words, but Clough’s dictionary does not appear to contain simply this word for a godhead, unless it can be traced in the following roots. Yanga, C. 567, pleasure, joy, happiness, enjoymeut. Yanya(Yajna) C. 568, from Yaja to offer worship, a sacrifice, a ceremony in which oblations are presented. Yaja, C. 567. A root signi- fying- to offer, to worship, to present, to endow. Thetollowing words may each be consulted in voce, into the composition of which MZyang appears to enter- viz- l Bi- ang, 2% Diyéng, 3 Eyang, 4 Guriang, 5 Hariang, 6 Indi Hiang, 7 Ki Hiang, S Kuriang, 9 Moyang. 10 Ngahiang, 11 Parahiang, 12 Priangën, 18 Séngyang, 14 Turiang, 15 Rumbayang voce Puachi Rumbayang Jati, 16 Réyang, 17 Tai- hiang, 18 Wayang, 19 Wayu-hyang, 20 Sakiang Santan. On the Bolang Estate near Gunung Handarusa occurs a small pool of water on an upland plateau, which is called Sit Miang or Situ yang, which may be interpreted — „Divinity pool” from the unusual position it oecupies on a hill, where no rivulet can run into it. It is supplied by ram water, and may originally have been the wallowing hole of the Rhinoceroses. Similar Situ hiangs may probably be found elsewhere in 20 154 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE the Sunda districts. The native explains the word by saying Ngalyang means to disappear, to vanish, as the water in these pools probably dries up when unusual drought occurs. See Ngahiang. Myang on Bali is still retained as a designation for the Deity for which reference can be made to Mr. Friederich’s „Voorloopig verslag van het eiland Bali,” in the 22 vol. of the Batavian Transactions. Kahyangan, is still in Bali, the name for a temple, or place for a Divinity. Hyang or Hiang is also still in use among the Badui of South Bantam in the composition of the proper names of some of their divinities, as Dewi Kincha Raja hiang, which in this case appears to be a female deity. ì Ibadah, arabic, pious works, good actions. (The same as the following word.) Ibadat, arabie, divine worship, adoration. (Boe ibâdat, servitus, obedientia; probitas.) Ibarat, arabic, like, resembling. Means also properly- explanation, interpretation. Zbarat na, after this fashion, in this like. Kula vbarat runtah dt pichtun bat, 1 am like filth . Q OT . AN , . . . which is thrown away. (ee ibârat, explicatio, interpretatio.) Ibas, off by any particular mark or limit. Sa ibas tanëuh off by the ground. Ibing, to dance to, to dance in company with another. Jbing ronggéng, to dance in company with dancing girls. (Jav. and Batav. ngibing «di, idem.) Iblis, arabie, one of the names of the devil. (sab) „Ss Ibn, arabie, the son of- heard in arabic proper names. Sech Ibn Mulana, name of the man who was chiefly instrumental in introducing the Mohammedan religion into the Sunda districts. (ed s lbrahim, arabie, the Patriarch Abraham. Ibu, mother, a refined expression. (Mal. Jav. idem.) Ibun, dew. (Jav. Bun, Ebun. Batav. M'bun. Mal. Umban.) Ibunan, to put out in the dew, expose to the dew. Idah, the time by Mohammedan law which a woman must have been divoreed from a former husband before she can marry again, which is three months and ten days or say 100 days, in order to see if she proves with child by her former husband. (Arabie 5 2 Od Sac, iddat, status mulieris quo cum ea rem habere ex lege nefas, sc. ob defuncti mariti luctum, vel ob repudium, vel ob menstrua. Freytag.) Idèr, to go round, to encompass, to revolve. A turn, a twist. (Jav. Mal. idem.) Idër-idër, round about in a circle, circuitously. 4 e . , Ld . . . S ov, . Idin, permission, leave, licence. Zdein, arabie, of same import. (à} idzn (on). k É s Idris, arabic, the prophet Enoch. N AND ENGLISH. 155 Iga, ribs, a rib of the body. (Jav. Batav. idem.) Igëug, erawling about, crawling down from a person's house. Kakarak Eukëur bai iyëug, he just begins to erawl about, said of a person who has been laid up with sickness and who begins to be able to get about again. Zgëug-éugëug, to begin to crawl about again after sickness. Ihil, one of the many names for a pig. Ijab, a request to the Almighty- a prayer for success in any undertaking. Zjab habul, our prayer granted, (EE arabic, exauditio.) 5 Ijërah, period for dying, appointed hour. Geus datang ka ijörah na, his appoiuted hour had come. Ikal, curly, as the hair of the head. (Mal. idem.) Ikal-ukal, curly, frizzled. Ikat, a head handkerchief- literally- a tie. (Mal, kat, to tie.) Iklas, the arabic word Khalas, free, liberated, candid, sincere, freedom from restraint. Kula gëus iklas, 1 am entirely freed of it, you have my full permission. (Arabic, rn ikhlâg, sinceritas.) Ilat, name of a coarse grass growing in swampy places especially, and also on hills un- der shade where moist. The stem is quadrangular, and sharp on the edges, so that if carelessly handled it cuts. In Malay Zlat is to cheat in gaming, fraud, Crawfurd. Perhaps our grass has got its name from cutting the unwary. Though the word does not occur in Sunda in this sense, yet it may have become obsolete. Ilik, look, see; seeing that. Zlik batur to mèunang, seeing that my companions got none. Ilikan, to look at, to regard. Illahi, arabie, of or belonging to God; divine. Oh God! (Perhaps hel: Allahi.) Ilok, sometimes, as if by chance. (Jav. PN Elok, wonderful. Mal. id. excel- lent, beautiful.) Ilokan, to happen sometimes. Jlokan jéléma, there are such people sometimes. Ilu, to follow, to go after. Accompany. Along with. To imitate. Emah, a house, a dwelling. Zmwah tilu roang, a hous with tree divisions, or with four posts on a side. (Jav. Umah. Mal. Rumah. Cf. Humah.) [mahan, to make or buy a house for any one. To set up a house in any spot. Imah chëblok, a house the posts of which are stuck into the ground, and not being carefully timbered together, is made in a hurry, and likely to be soon eaten by the white ants. mah tangga. a fixed and properly made house. Jangga is properly Malay for steps 156 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE or ladder, yet as applied to a house is in use. This is thus a house with steps- a frame timberhouse which reguires steps to get up to it. Imam, arabic, a high priest of the Mohammedan religion. (eG) s Iman, arabic, faith, the theoretical part of religion; belief Hekel £ Impas, done, finished; cleared off as a debt. (Dutch.) Impi, to dream. Naun ngimpi tah sia, what, are you dreaming? (dav. id. and ngimpi. Mal. zzómpi.) Impun, the name of a fish in the rivers of the South coast of Bantam, supposed to be the small fry of the Ménga fish. Aplocheilus Javanicus. Imut, to smile, to smirk. Inakértapati, name of one of the princes celebrated in Javanese romance, also called Jae Lika Op OE mine Sun. Körta see voce, accomplished. Pat, Lord. The ac- complished lord of the Sun. He was the son of Amt Luhur, Sovereign of Janggala. His lady- love in the Javanese romance was Chandra Kirana Beam of the Moon, which see. (48) Inchék, a name of compliment applied to a China- born Chinaman. (49) Inchi, a master, a mistress. A Malay word applied to foreign natives, especially Malays. Inchit, Chintz, a piece of printed Cotton cloth. (Called Chit at Batavia.) Inchu, a grand child. Indalas, a mythie name sometimes given to the islaud of Sumatra, Crawfurd. Perhaps derived from Mind, Hindu; and Alas, vide voce, a forest, a district; thereby indica- ting the resort of the Hindus in early times. Indi-hiang, name of a place in the Prianger Regencies, to the South Bast of the Ja- laga Bodas. The word Andi is probably an abbreviatton Zndira, C, 69, a name of Lakshmi, the wife of Vishnu. Jndiya, Indila, Inding, and more similar words are parts of the conjugation of the verb Znnawa C. 69 to sit, and as such may indicate her who sits by Vishnu or his wife. Zndima, C. 69, the act of planting or fixing anything. Hyang vide voce. (The meaning is not clear, but might be JZndu, the moon, or Zndra (?) the known deity. Fr.) (48) Jnakérta is rather town of the sun, according to the use the Javanese make of the word körta. Cf. Surakërta (or - karta) and Yogyakérta. This meaning is confirmed by the Persian. Fr. (49) This word is the same as the following, and applied variously to persons of some distinc- tion for instance toanaunt. The various application is explained by the word being Malay and relatively late introduced into Java. Mal. di), Jnchéh. Therefrom Jav. Canon énchik vide Gericke sub voce. At Batavia Jnchi or Jnché, Nearly all others titles are taken from the Java- nese language Fr. AND ENGLISH. 15 Indit, to start, to set off, to move away. To endit deut, he did not move again. Indra, a Hindu deity of whom the Sunda people have only a very confused idea. Zndra, C. 69, the name of a Hindu deity presiding over Swarga, and the secondary class of divinities; he ‘is more particularly the god of the atmosphere, and regent of the east quarter, and ecorresponds in many respects with the Grecian Jove. Indra Kila, name of one of the tops of the Arjuno mountain in Sourabaya. Indra, vide voce. Kila, C. 69 a pin or bolt. The fabulous mountain Mandar, with which the ocean was churned by the gods. Indramayu, name of a district on the north coast of Java, between Krawang and Chiri- bon. Zudra vide voce. Mayu, C. 598 a multitude of Mayas, of wich Mayu is the plural form, delusions. Vide Maya, and the word thus means- the delusions of Indra, the delusions of heaven. (Mayu Skr. is a Kimnara or chorister of heaven, belonging thus to the house- hold of Indra. Fr.) Indung, mother, dam. Matrix, nidus. Indung, mother, almost tempts one to trace it to Zndu one of the imperative forms of Innawa to sit. To Indu has been subjomed the Polynesian final ng and made Jn- dung, the person who sits, is confined to the house, made sedentary by taking care of offspring. In Malay, Crawfurd shows that the word is not only Zndung but also frequently simply Indu. Indung lëungan, the mother of the hand, means the thumb. Indung madu, honey comb, the nidus of honey. Indung suku, the mother of the foot, means the great toe. Indung sutra, the nidus of silkworms, a cocoon. Ing, a constructive and possessive particle used in the formation of sentences. It has often the power of, of, for. After words terminating with a vowel, this word becomes Ning or King which see. Goréng ing paré, bad for paddy. Luhur éng gunung on the top of the mountain. Barat ing lumbur, to the west of the village. Ing'at, to recollect, to be mindful of; to give a caution. Ing’atan, recollection, a caution, a warning. Inggih, yes, a very humble expression. Inggis, tottering, likely to fall. Fearful lest something should oeeur, wavering with tre- pidation. Jnggis bist to hadé, fearful lest it might not be right. Jnggis ti béurang, rémpan ti pèuting, fearful in the day time, auxious at night. Inggris, English. Sélla inggris, an English saddle. Ingkéun, let it alone. Dont touch it. To leave unmolested. Ingkrik, one of the many names for a wild pig. Ing'on, food supplied to any one, where withall to eat. Ing'onan, to feed, to keep supplied with all that is necessary in the way of eating. 158 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Ing’us, the glanders; a disease in horses by which there is a discharge of pus from the nostrils. (Angus uil, the excretions of the nose.) Injén, the axle of any cart, carriage, water-wheel &c. &c. Crawfurd gives the etymon of this word, Jöngenho , Portuguese for axle. Injëum, to borrow. Mêunang injëum, got in a loan. In Malay Pinjëm. Injéumkén, to lend, to give out on loan. Injuk, a vegetable substance resembling horse hair, which grows round the Kawung Palm, which yields the Jagory sugar. lt is used to lay with ataps on roofs which it preserves for a long time, and is twisted into ropes of various size, which are very lasting even in wet. It is called in Malay Duk. Insallah, arabie, by the blessing of God; God being willing. TAS cah if God will.) Intëlèës, arabic, satin. Intér, to granulate sago by making it revolve on a nyirw or flat rice basket. Intip, to peep at, to watch what others are about, to espy. (Batav. id. and wmintip. Jav. ngintip, 1d.) Inum, to drink. (Jav. id. Mal. minum.) Inuman, drinkables; wine, spirits &c. Inya, a demonstrative word, it, that, him, her. Owoh nw bisa ngaranan inya, no body could give it (him or her) a name. Ipëka, the marriage fee paid to the priest. (50) Ipis, thin, not thiek; not much remaining. Jpis kulit, thin- skinned. Paré na gëus ipis, there is not much more paddy remaining. (Mal. Zipús). E he . e. . So a 4 lrajim, accursed, execrable. Arabic rajim, accursed, pelted with stones. (in j» 7ejim, with the Article.) Irik, to tread out with the foot; to tread out paddy for seed from the straw. Iring, to follow, to go after. To follow or attend upon a great man. (Mal. Jav. Bal. id.) Iris, leaky, allowing water to pass through, as the roof of a house or any vessel. Iris, to shred, to cut fine. (Batav. id.) Irung, the nose. (Mal. Zdung. Jav. Bal. Zrung.) Isa, arabic, eventide, when it has become quite dark, which in Java is about 7 o’ clock 5 p. m. all the year round. Zsa is a little later than Mégrib. (Les it is the time of 7 the second daily prayer, to commence from the evening. Fr.) (50) Arabie, Aj, nafakat; Jav. mipkah. Batav. nipekdh and tpêkah. The last is a corruption. The Zpékah is rather the money paid by the man to his wife for daily expenses. After all the Arabic word means expense in general. Fr. AND ENGLISH. 159 Isa, arabic, Jesus. Nabi Isa, the prophet Jesus. (ge) Isang, to use water to clean yourself after having obeyed a daily call of nature. Isër, to move, to displace. JZsèör sahëutik, move a little. Isëus, tame, gentle. Isikën, to wash rice preparatory to boiling. Isin, ashamed, abashed. (Jav. id.) Ising, to ease oneself, to relieve nature. (Jav. id.) Iskandër, Alexander. Arabic. Zskandër Zulkarnain, Alexander the Great, or Alexander with the horns, by which he is known in ancient Indian lore. Islam, arabie, Mohammedan, Mussulman. Belonging to the faithful. Agama Zslam, the / Ee Sv Mohammedan religion. ( phal). € eed Ismail, arabie, Ishmael, the son of Abraham. Ispala, for instance; in this, or that manner. Istal, stable, being a corruption of the Dutch word Stal, stable. Istambul, arabic, Constantinople. Istan, to check, to hold at bay, said of any enemy or person to whom we are opposed. Istanggi, incense. (Mal. id.) Istiar, to seek, to make exertion to get. Istiara, if only, provided that. Istibrah, a wrong sentence of the priest; a term on religion matters. Istijërat, evidently an Arabie word, Anything relating to persons or times before the Mohammedan religion was introduced; Pagan and supernatural. Istinggar, a gun, a fowling piece. The word is a corruption of the Portuguese word Espingarda, a matchlock. Marsden. Page 6. Istirahat, arabic, quiet, repose, ease, peace; Quiet, tranquil. Istiwël, a boot, such as worn by Europeans. (From the German Stefel, Dutch Stevel.) Istiwir, atrifling present, or gift; something added out of good nature. Istri, a lady, a woman of rank- used in pantuns or old history. Sri, C. 774 a woman, a female in general. Isuk, to morrow, to morrow morning. Morning in general. (Mal. b-isuk. Jav. ésuk and bésuk. Ánjing and bénjing.) Isuk-isuk, early in the morning. Iswara, C. 73, a chief, a lord, a master; name of Siwa and of Káâma Déwa. Iswari, C. 73, the wife of Siwa, otherwise named (Lakshmi), Durga, or (Saraswati). (Lakshmi helongs properly to Wishnu, Saraswati to Brahma, but on Bali they are 160 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE also in conjunction with Siwa, who is the one great god, combining the qualities and faculties of the two others. Fr.) ltöuk, a stick, a walking stick, a staff. Itil, the clitoris. (Batav. idem.) Itong, a little child. tu, that distant one, pointing with force to some object at a distance. Itung, to count, to reckon out, to calculate. (Jav. Mal. idem.) tungan, account, faculty of counting. Zo nyaho dî ttungan he does not know how to count. Itungan nana, by his account; as they would have one believe. Lw-at, to run away with a woman, to elope. lwing, hanging dangling, pendent; walked off with. Zwing bat di bawa, and he went off with it dangling. Lwul, a variety of Palm tree, thicker than a Pinang and thinner than a Cocoa nut. Iwung, the young sprouts or shoots of a Bambu tree, many varieties of wich are sought after as a tender vegetable, or are used for pickling. Iyagésok, to morrow. In Malay it is called Bésok. Wa ohilf yes: Iyahkën, to say yes to, to give consent. Iyo, this. Jmah yo, this house. AKuda iyo, this horse. lyuh, shelter, shade. Iyuhan, to take shelter. Iyuhkén, to put under shelter. Ja-at, a vegetable, a runner which produces a longish pod, with four sharp edges, and contains a very hard pea or bean. Jaba, outside, beyond, without. Jaba (mah, outside the house. Ka jaba, go out, get outside, outwards. Jaba saking lafal, outside the text, not to be found in the text; said of any thing which is not exactly allowed, especially by the Koran. Jabërjér, marks or signs on writing, on letters to indicate their sound. Diacritical marks. Jabrug, a short casting net to take fish, heavily loaded with leaden rings, so as to be used where the stream is shallow and rapid. Jadakh, child, offspring; Persian Zadah. Haram jadah, an illegitimate child, a bastard. Á great word of reproach. Jadi, to be, become, come to pass, happen; be produced; to suit, to answer, to succeed; to be born, to come into existence; to come up as seed out of the ground, to sprout. Jadi édan, to become foolish. Jadi léumpang? does the setting out take place. Do you go? Batu iyo jadi, this stone will answer. Bibit na gëus jadì, the seed has come up- is growing. (Jav. Dad, which seems to be a reduplication of di [den, di-panl. Jadi to Dadì as Ujan to Udan. AND ENGLISH. 161 Jadi, the zodiacal sign Capricorn. Arabic, (onse) Jadikëén,to make, to create, to produce, to bring forth, to cause. To confirm any transactions. Jaga, to watch, to guard, to be awake, be vigilant. To attend upon. This word is no doubt Sanscrit, and is marked as such by Marsden. In Clough the simple word Jaga does not occur, but he gives Jagara, P. 208, wakefulness, vigilance, waking. The word often occurs in the formation of proper names (öl). Jaga Baya, a proper name. It occurs as the name of a village and surrounding lands, on the Estate Parungpanjang in the district of Jasinga, and was formerly attached to the court of Bantam. Jaga vide supra. Baya vide voce. Thus, the watcher for fear, alarm or mischief. Jaga Bita, a proper name. It occurs as the name of a village and surrounding lands on the Estate Parungpanjang, formerly attached to the court of Bantam. Jaga vide Supra. Bita vide voce, thus the watcher of delight, pleasure; anticipating the wishes. Jaga Baya and Jaga Bita were, under the former government of Bantam’s Sultans, villages called A4bdi, or slaves, and were the dependents of some of the functionaries about the court. Jacal, to slaughter animals for food and and for sale. Pajagalan, a butcher's shop, or rather the place where he kills the animals. Jagat, land, country, district. Jagat Bantan, the country of Bantam. Jagat, C. 208, the world, the universe, the earth. Jagjag, to tread water; to go up to the neck in deep water and maintain oneself upright therein. To survey a country by going into it and examining it. To investigate. Jo Kajagjag, said of water of which the bottom cannot be felt by a man upright in it. Jago, a daring man, a bully, a fellow always ready to fight; a Hector. ayam jago, a fighting cock. Jagong, Zea Mais, Maize, Indian Corn. Jah, an exclamation of disbelief or of contempt. Jahal, arabic, the planet Saturn. be Zuhal.) Jahar, to sell a slave or bondsman. ST ur Jahara, arabic, the planet Venus. En Dj) Zahrat.) (51) The Sanserit root is jágrt, with ri-vocalis, But this again must be a reduplication of a simple monosyllabic root, perhaps from gr, sonum edere; canere, laudare, from which also gal-lus (C£. garrulus), the watchman, and singer of the night seems to have his name. In Jaga the ri- voca- lis is replaced by a, the pronunciation of the ri at the end of the word being difficult. In the mid- dle of words the 7 is replaced by ré the sound nearest to it, but at the end this ré woud appear to be to weak. Fr. 162 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Jahé, ginger, zingiber officinale. Jahil, arabie, malicious, mischievous, disposed to do harm. See Maringkil. Jahil ma- ringkil, maliciously disposed. dels, Jáhil, ignorant, stupid. Cf. mûdah Skr. and Bal. stupid. Jav. Mal. Young and foolish. Jahir, unreasonable, unjust. Jahudi, arabie, a Jew. Jewish. (edn) Jajadén, derived from Jadi which see. Persons or things which have become metamor- phosised, a metamorphosis or transformation. As men who have been turned into Ti- gers or other wild beasts. In a certain degree, spectres, ghosts. The reincarnation of a dead person. Jajah, to go about and examine, as a chief does his district, to inspect a country. (asasq; Jajah, Jav. to tread on the ground; to go over and through something, to go about to seek for something. Gericke.) Jajahan, in the neighbourhoad of, in the environs of. District, province, territory. Ja- jahan Bogor, in the neighbourhood of Buitenzorg. The district of Buitenzorg. Jajal, to try, to test anything or weapon; to take a trial to see if anything answers its object. To make an attempt, test, trial or experiment. Gobang na di jajal ka na daging maung, he tried his gobang on the flesh of a tiger; of course on a dead one, to see if the gobang would cut‚ as the natives believe that iron is like some men, afraid, and you cannot be sure till you try, whether it would cut such a fierce thing as a tiger. So also they are fond of trying their Krisses. (Jav. id.) Jajantung, the heart (anatomically); the heart of a vegetable, the core. (Mal. Jav. id.) Jajar, a row, rank, arrangement. Di jajar, to set in a row, to arrange. See Pajajaran. Jajar, to put together to see if they fit; said of carpentry or other work in hand. Jajaruman, to sprout, to begin to come up, as fresh planted paddy. To show like a Jarum or needle. Jajawarikën, extraordinary, surprising. (From ego OF as, Juwara, Jawara Jav. Vibes Mal!) Jaka, an unmarried youth, a name for a young man of good family. In little use now adays. Derived from Ja, birth. See Jata, C. 209 born, produced; a child, offspring. Jataka, C. 209, born, produced; of which our Jaka appears to be a contraction. Jakatra, a town in the island of Java, on the site of which the city Batavia was foun- ded about the year AD. 1619. The district bore the name of Sunda Kalapa. Marsden Page 103. A part of the present old town of Batavia still retains this name. Jakatra is compounded of Jaya, C. 206, victory, conquest, and Karta, which on Java usually means peace, but is a past participle of Karanawa, to do, and means WE AND ENGLISH. 165 thus accomplished, fulfilled. Or it may be from Gatra, C. 172 the body, a limb or member. It also in Sunda appears sometimes to mean, family, relationship, and will thus imply either the triumphant peace or triumphant and accomplished or the triumphant family. (It is yet sometimes pronounced Jakarta or Jakérta, town of vic- tory. For the derivation of Ja from Jaya plead several Javanese names, Jasingha, Jajuddhà etc. Fr.) Jaksa, the native fiscal at the courts of law for the natives. Ja, C. 208, speedy, swift. Aksha, C. 5. the eye. A swift eye to detect the merits of the cases brought before him. Jaksa, at Page 43 of 23 vol Bat: Trans: Mr. Friederich says in a note. „IL write Diaksa in place of Jaksa (as the judges are usually called in Bali and Java) on the authority of a manuscript where the writing with the second D points to the origin of the word. Diaksa, which is also found in M. S. S. as Adiaksa is Sanserit: Adhú, chief, Aksha, eye.” Jakun, only heard in the expression Maram Jakun, accursed Jakun, wich is an expres- sion of contempt for any man. Some wild heathen tribes in the Malay peninsula are called Jakun, and probably it may have had once the same import in Java, though now adays the only non- Mohammedan Sundaese are the Badui of South Bantam (52). Jala, a hand-net,acasting net to take fish. Jala, C. 210, a net. See H&urap. (Skr. Jála.) Jalabriah, a variety of Kuéh or native pastry- This childish stuft admits of a grandiose Sanscrit interpretation. Jala, C. 207, water, a kind of perfume. Abhriya, C. 41, belonging to the clouds, or produced from the clouds- and thus the water or perfume of the clouds. Jalak, name of a bird, much seen about buffaloes, called also Krak, T'apak jalak, lite- rally the mark of a jalak’s foot: it means- a rude cross cut on a tree, especially in forests, in order to be able to recognize the tree or place again, or for a guide in travelling. Jalan, a road, a way, a path. This word is evidently compounded of the first part of the following word Jal, with the constructive an placed after it. It is very probably of the same root as Yanawa, C. 569 to go, to walk, of wich ya is the root (53). Jalanan, to walk through. To walk about on or in. Jal-jol, an idiomatie expression of frequently coming; coming again and again. Jaling’'er, active, nimble. (52) And on Java proper the inhabitants of the Tenggér mountains, Jakun or Yakun is in other countries a corruption of Yaksha, a kind of demons, similar in Brahmanical Mythology to the more known Rákshasa's, The word Yaksha is known in the Archipel, and the corruption Jakun misht have come over in later times, perhaps with the propagators of Mohammedanism. Fr. dl 164 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Jaliti, name of a tree, Wrichtia Pubescens. Jalu, the male of animals, said especially of buffaloes. Kébo jalu, a male buffaloe, not castrated. (Kawi id.; Jav. Krâmà, Jaléër.) Jalujur: to darn, to sew by running a needle in and out through the middle part of cloth, and then pulling the thread through. This is what is called technically — ‚to herring- bone.” Jam, an hour, a portion of time. Marsden says it is Persian for a bell, a clock, an hour. Jama, C. 210, a period of time, a watch, four hours. Jamak, fit, proper, usual, customary; middling or middle rate. Jamak na, what is usual. To jamak tëwyn, that will never do, that can never be the casc. (Jav. id. T. Roorda Su derives it from Arab. Ee pluralis numerus. But only the first of the significations given is certainly derived from the Arabie word. The others given by him and the Sundanese point to a word of Polynesian origin. Fr.) Jaman, time, period. This is properly the Arabie word Zéman. Jaman harita, at that former period. Jaman kiwari, at this present time. Jamang, a jacket, a native's coat. Jamang panghulu, a Priest's jacket or robe, which is long and hangs down nearly to the heels. Jambaka, a plant the roots of which are burnt as incense, and plentiful in some moun- tain districts. Jamban, a necessary, a place to ease yourself. (Jav. Mal. idem.) Jambangan, the wooden frame work in which the Sangku or metal pot with holes is fixed in making laksa. See Sangku. Jambangan, an iron plate with holes in it, to draw out wire. Jambangan, a large water jar; a large earthenware jar for holding water. Jambatan, a stone bridge; a pear, a quay projecting into the water. It is a pure Sunda word derived from Nambat, to reach to both sides, to span. See Chukang. (Mal. id.) Jambé, a Pinang nut or tree; the Areka nut. Areca Catechu. (Jav. Balin. idem.) Jambia, arabic, a sort of knife or dagger worn in the belt. Jamblang, a cloth with large square pattern. A variety of cloth with large pattern worn by the Sunda people. Jamblang, a tree called Syzygia Jambolana. Jambu, name of a common fruit of which there are several genera and species. They are generally called in English the Rose-apple. Jambu, C. 206, the Rose apple. Jambosa of the family of Myrtaceee. Jambu ayër, the water Jambu, Jambosa Javanica. Very poor and insipid. (53) Mal. idem, but Jav. samsany, dalan, which appears to be the original form. Cf. Ujon and Jadi. It is thus rather Polynesian, no Ser, root or word approaching to it. Fr. Need AND ENGLISH. 165 Jambu ayèr mawar, the Rosewater Jambu. Jambosa Vulgaris, a fragrant variety and good eating. Jambu bol, has large red fruits like apples. It is the Jambosa Macrophylla, from its large leaves and is the best of the whole tribe. Jambu Dipa, a name given to India in ancient lore or tradition, but the natives now adays caunot tell to where it originally belonged. A place in the Priangér Regencies js still so called. Clough at page 206 gives- Jambu Dwipaya, from Jambu the Rose apple, and Dwipaya, an island or country. According to the geography of the Him- dus, the name of the Central division of the universe or the known world; but accor- ding to the Buddhists it is the continent of India, or more strictly India proper, or India within the Ganges, it being generally reckoned by them as the scene of the la- bours of Buddha. (Dwipa not Dwipaya is the Scr. name for island.) Jambu Médé, Anacardium Occidentale, of the family of Terebintacee. The Cashew apple. Also called Kaju. Jambu Siki, the seedy Jambu; the guava. Psidium pomiferum , of the family of Myrtaceee. Jambul, a tuft of hair, a topping; a tuft of feathers, In shaving a lad’s head, a tuft is often left on the back part of the head, and this is called Jambul. (Mal. Jav. id.) Jami, the Paddy straw after the grain has been beaten off. See Jérami. Mumpak jami, harvest home, literally treading the straw under foot, as natives do when reaping. Crop time. Jami, a humah made a second year consecutively. When a piece of aboriginal forest is cut down, a second year's erop can mostly be taken from it. Probably called Jam from the paddy straw of the former crop, which has to be cleared away, before a second planting can take place. Jampang, a district near the Palabuan Ratu in the Priangër Regencies, derives its name from Si Jampang, a character in ancient Javanese history, See Raffles vol 2. P, 103. Jampang, name of a variety of grass. Jampang pahit, name of a variety of bitter grass. Jampé, an invocation; a prayer muttered over any person, being or thing in order to produce some beneficial result. An incantation. The native method of administering medicine which is always done by, at the same time, muttering a prayer or incanta- tion either over the medicine or over the person who is ill. Mr. Friederich eonsiders that Jampé is derived from Japya, in Sanserit, what is to be muttered, from the root Jap to mutter prayers. Japa, Clough 205 an offering to a demon, the muttering of prayers at offerings to demons; repeating in audibly charms, the names of gods and demons, on certain reli- gious occasions: the practice of Hindu religious mendicants to count in silence the beads of a rosary. Fhe original word is thus much corrupted on Java, an m having been inserted in 166 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE the middle, and final a transformed into é. The wm inserted in the middle is not, however, without precedent and gives to the word or verb a somewhat modified mean- ing, and may also be traced in a similar way in the word Kampung, derived in all probability from Kapung, or as it is pronounced Käpung, to surround, to enclose. See Sumihung, Jumarum, Tumumbak, Kumisi, Kamayangan, Kémbang, Kémbung, Kembu and the like: also wmëöusi from éust. Mr. Friederich, however, does not feel quite satisfied, with this interpretation, as he has written me — „„Jampé might have been erroneously explained by me. After all, this is not yet certain, Im Javanese there is Jamu, Ngoko, Jampé, Krama, medicament, medicine. Gericke’s Dictionary Page 561. I add besides Jajap (ta + jap, the Sanscrit root 1 told you of (above re- ferred to) from which are derived Japa and Japya.) A prayer which is immediately listened to; et contra, a poison which soon takes effect, this is rather in favour of my explanation.” (The alteration of ya into é is very common.) Jampléëng, entirely, quite gone. Sapoi jamplëng, an entire day, as if the day had been thrown away. Jampléng bai di juwal, and he slapped it off in a sale. Ss? >) Jamrud, Persian, the Emerald. (Op) Zumurrud and Ope) Zumurud. Freytag.) Jamu, and Jamuan, medicine given inwardly, to doctor by giving a drink. Jamuga, stupid, silly; unable to take any work in hand, Jélëma jamuga, a helpless foolish fellow. Jandéla, Portuguese Janella, a window, especially in a Europeau’s house. Janéla, slippers. A shoe with the upper leather cut away at the heer. Jang'én, only, nothing but. Jang'én Sit, there is only one. Jang'ën karung na, there is nothing but the bag. Jang’ët, buffaloe hide cut in strips and used as rope. Janggala, some of the districts adjoining the town of Sourabaya are so called under the Javanese pronunciation of Janggolo. The country so called forms the delta of the Kediri river, and is flat and alluvial. Jangala, C. 204, a place, a firm spot, a waste, a desert, a Jungle. The place originally probably consisted of Swamp with firm land interspersed and hence the appropriate designation. Janggot, the beard, a man’s beard. Name of a variety of grass. Jangjang, a wing, wing of a bird. A cant name for a man’s arm. Jangji, promise, to promise, to make an agreement. To stipulate, to engage. Jangjian, agreement, promise, engagement, bargain, contract, treaty. Jangka, a pair of compasses. In Malay Jangka is a step, a pace; to step, to pace, to stride—compasses. Hence the name of an instrument which opens and strides. Jangkar, an anchor. The large roots of a tree which grow out at right angles. Hence probably by analogy the name of an anchor. Jangkép, complete in number, full up. AND ENGLISH. 167 Jangkrik, name of an orthopterous insect, a kind of cricket or gryllus, about an inch long with serrated legs, and with wings. The wings, however, are often seen in the embryo state. These Jangkriks are often made to fight for the amusement of the behol- ders. It is found in shallow holes and does not burrow deep like its congener the Kasir which see. Jangkung, tall, high in stature, Jéléma na jangkung, the person is tall. Si Jangkung, the middle finger. Jang'o-jang'o, a pick-axe, an iron instrument for grubbing up roots and stones. Jantra, a spinning wheel: more commonly called Kanchir. Any wheel or machine which revolves. Chi Jantra name of a rivulet on Lengkong Estate. Yantra, C. 569 a machine in general, any implement or apparatus: a diagram of a mystical nature or astrological character. Jantung, the heart (anatomically). Jantur, a large but young cock, often devoid of feathers about the rump. A young but full-grown fighting cock. Japara, name of a Residency in Java, of which the chief place is now Pati, as the old town of Japara on the sea coast in the bay of Samarang was found inconvenient. Ja- para was the seat of a great trade before the arrival of Huropeans in the East. It will be derived from Ja contracted from Jaya, ©. 206, victory, conquest, triumph, and Para, C. 387 a way, a road, a path; forming Japara, the triumphant way or road, as it may have been the seat of the Spice and other valuable trade, where the people of the continent of India came to meet the traders of the Archipelago, who brought their rich wares so far, as to a common emporium. It was probably the Ye-pho-thi, Yawadwipa of the Chinese voyager and Buddhist priest, called Fa Hian who visited it in AD 415 on his return from India to China. The Portuguese immedia- tely erected a fort at Japara which of itself bespeaks the importance of the place in a commercial view. This fort is now in ruins, but traces of it still remain. It was visited by the Gov. Genl. D. van Twist in 1853, see Java Courant 10 August 1853. (54) Japati, a pigeon, a dove; such doves as are kept in cots. Gelumba. Called in Malay Marapati Marsden 322. Ja, C. 208, speedy, swift; victorious, triumphant. Pati, C. 8355, a lord, a master, an owner, a husband. At the burning of widows upon the funeral pile of their husbands, it is still usual in Bali and no doubt was also the custom on Java in Hindu times to let fly a dove before the widow throws herself into (54) Japara like Jakëérta, Jasingha, composed of Jaya, victory, and para, enemy : thus implying vanquishing the enemies. The way of composition shows that the Composition was not made by Hindus, but by Javanese. who had no clear idea of forming Sanskrit Composita, otherwise they would have called it Parajaya, ‘The analoey of other words commencing with Jaga excuses the small mistake, Fr. 168 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE the flames, and the dove may be the emblem of their „Triumphant husbands” who have preceded them to bliss. In Malay they say Marapati, for a dove, Marsden 822 which name answers to the same office of the Dove being let fly at the funeral burning. Mara, C. 519, Mara, C. 538. Death, dying. Pat, C. 355, Lord, master; and thus Mara-pati- Death's Lord, still emblematie of the sacrifice of herself which the widow is about to commit. Both the Malay and Sunda people appear thusto have given the Dove its name, from the fact of its being used at the Suttee or self-sacrifice of a widow on the death of her husband. The words have evidently been received from the Hindus. In the case of the Malays they adopted the word Marapati, Death's Lord, and of the Sundas, they adopted Japati, the „Triumphant Lord.” In Malay also the Dove is called „Burung Dara”, and in Javanese „Manuk Doro.” Dara, C. 266 is a wife, and thus the Malay and Javanese words mean „the wifes bird” — which still applies to the wife sacrificing herself at the funeral pile of her husband. The word Dara is still preserved in Sunda, and as can be seen means — „a young woman who has just got her first child” In Malay — Marsden 128 — it means — „a virgin, a maiden” — and Dara-dang, a damsel, so that in Malay the original meaning has been somewhat modified. It is not a little remarkable that Indian and Sanserit names should, in the Eastern Archipelago, have superseded Polynesian names, for neither in Malay, Sunda nor Javanese, does there now thus exist a pure Polynesian name for so common an object as the domestic Dove. The name thus applied to the Dove is not in all probability, the common colloquial name in Sanscrit. Clough gives for Dove Parawiya, Partyiya;s wild pigeon Kobo, Kobéyiya. Laambricks Singhalese vocabulary gives Kobéyiya the small Dove, Para- wiga, the Pigeon; Babagoya, the Dove; Mayilagova, the large Dove. So that the names which have been transplanted into the Polynesian languages from the Sanscrit, are the mgystie names applied to the Dove when used at the Suttee of widows. In the Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal- Land- en Volkenkunde, 1858 Page 2 of Berigten, Mr. Friederich explains the word Marapati for dove as the „Lord of Death” in reference to the custom still in use on Bali of letting fy a dove from the head of the widow at the moment she plunges into the gulf of fire, and explains that on Bali this bird is called Zitiran, wich is the same as the Perkutut of Batavia and of the Sunda districts, and thus not the common domestie dove. Whatever may now be the case as to the bird so let loose, there can, from what has been said above, exist no doubt that that bird was originally the common domestic dove. With respect to Mr. Friederich’s interpretation of Burung- Darah a bird of blood, AND ENGLISH. 169 I must submit that my meaning tells better with the whole circumstance of the case. (55) Jara, an awl, a brad-awl. Ara, C. 815, a shoemakers awl. Jarah, running wild in jungle, at large, not nightly penned up. Këbo jarah, a buffaloe that is left to take care of itself in the jungle. (Jav. idem.) Jarak, name of a class of plants, as Jarak pagér, Jatropha curcas, much planted in hed- ges about gardens or on sides of the roads. Jatropha multifida, a variety introduced from America, and called simply Jarak. Jarak jitun, the olive jarak, used for making oil, and which is vulgarly called Palma Christi, Ricinus communis. The oli of the latter plant is much used in ship building, makes good putty etc. but is unfit to eat. Jariji, the middle finger. (Jav. The first finger; or universally the fingers.) Jariji manis, the ring finger. Jaring’au, name of a dark green sedgy plant; much used in Jampé or incantations, cal- led in Javanese Dringo, and Crawfurd gives for Malay- Daringgu, acorus terrestris. Clough gives two words for assafcetida- Jaranan, C. 206 and Mingu, C. 792 of which two words the Sunda word appears to be compounded, coalescing into Jaring’au. The Sundas may have heard both these words from the Indians, and joined them together to be sure of the article. It is much used by women in child- birth and is supposed. to charm away evil spirits. From this circumstance it may be derived from Jara, C. 206 a noted female demon, and Hingu, the hingu of such demoness. Or it may be a corruption of Jarayu, C. 206, the womb, the uterus, a foetus. To explain what Assafwtida is L cannot do better than give the article from Wail- lys French Dictionary — Plante ombellifere de Perse, ou Merde du Diable, gomme, resine rougeâtre amère et à odeur d'ail, que donne sa racine; les peuples d'Asie la recherchent et en aiment l'odeur. — At Page 258 Clough says that Dara is the Eloo form of Jara, and this may account for the word occuring as Jaringau and Daringgu which latter Crawfurd gives and calls it acorus terrestris. Jaro, a headman in the Bantam districts. A village chief who is elsewhere called Mandor. Jarong, a weed with numerous hairy seeds along a stiff terminal spike. Jarum, a needle. (Mal. Jav. idem.) Jarumat, to darn, especially a gunny or gëbang bag. (Jav. Jrumat, (asperen id.) Jasah, very bad, exceedingly. It mostly implies exceedingly bad, but sometimes from (55) The question about »Burung Darah” depends only upon the way of writing the word »Darah”. Marsden sub voce Marapati gives »Burung Darah’. The Javanese Dictionary gives »Bu- rung Dârä. I am much inclined to follow Marsden, because he was the most judicious and care- ful man, who ever meddled with these poor languages. Darah, every body knows is blood-Dárá, Jav. Mal, a maiden, but in Sanscrit a wife. Fr. 170 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE its use you perceive that it also implies exceeding good. Zmah na jasah goréng na, his house was exceedingly bad. Jasakh hadé na, exceedingly good. Jasah, used by itself implies — shocking! very bad! or perhaps only — „in an extreme degree”, which is mostly by implication — „very bad”. Jataké, name of a tree and its fruit called in Malay Gandaria, mangifera oppositifolia. (The word is certainly Ser., but Wilson does not mention this meaning sub voce Jûtaka. Fr.) Jati, the Teak tree. Tectona grandis. This is the name given to the Teak tree on Java and on other islands of the Archipelago where it occurs. The word seems to be of Sanserit origin. Jati, C. 209 birth, lineage, race; family. Jatya, C. 210, wellborn, of good family. Im Ceylon Jatya is the name given to what we call caste. This would lead one to suppose that the Teak originally was introduced from India, and brought with it, not its pure and simple Indian name, but received from the Indians who brought it to Java and the Archipelago the appellation of the „High caste wood.” Jati also means in Ceylonese, great flowered Jasmine; mace, nutmegs. Jati, divine truth; essence. In this sense, it is very likely a modified meaning of the foregoing word. (Jav. id.) Jauh, far, far off, distant, remote. This word has also, most probably, a Sanscrit ori- gin, and may be a modification of a part of the verb Yanawa to go, which in the imperative is Yawa, go thou. (Mal. id.) Jauhken, to remove to a distance. Jawa, the Eastern portion of the island called by Europeans Java. Jawa extends from Tagal Fastward. A name, doubtless, originally given to the country by the people of India, as they appear to have called all distant countries Yawana, in the sense in which we speak of foreigners generally, or as the ancient Greeks called al strange na- tions Barbaroi. But the name by frequent intercourse, attached itself permanently to the Eastern parts of the present island of Jawa. It very likely has its origin in the same verb Yanawa mentioned at the word Jauh. Clough at Pages 208 and 571 gi- ves both Jawana and Jawana, as the name of a vague country distant from India, and as also meaning foreigner. The Hindus also applied Jawana to the Greeks and their Jawana Achayarya (Achârya) is supposed to be Aristotle, the Yawana teacher. Clough Page 511 gives Jawana, a country most probably Bactria, or it may be extended from that colony to Jonia or still further to Greece. By late Hindu writers it is most commonly applied to Arabia. Jawa was originally a general name for all the Eastern Archipelago generally, and chiefly for the Sumatra and Java of the present day. Marco Polo deseribes them as such, and Ptolemy, the Roman geographer calls them the Jabidi insule in the second century after Christ. In ancient times, thus, both Sumatra and Java of the present day were known as Jawa; and Marco Polo, at the close of the 18th century distingnishes them by Jawa Mszor, and Java Major AND ENGLISH. JOE the Java minor being Sumatra, as nearer India, though larger in bulk than the more distant Java major or Java of the present day. At Singapore, they to this day, talk of an Angin Jawa as blowing from the Sumatra shore, and which assuredly can never be meant to come from the Java of Batavia, at a distance of eight degrees of latitude. (56) 5 Le Jawab, arabie, to answer, to reply. Answer, response, (G>) = Jawáb, an answer.) Jawél, to snap or bite at, as a dog or tiger does. Jawér, a cock’s comb. Jawér kotok, a cocks comb. Jawér kotok, name of a plant, Plectranthus Scutellaroides of the family of Labiatae. Very common in gardens- leaves red in the middle and green along the edges. Has a small blue flower. Scutellaroides- buckler shaped, perhaps from the leaves overlap- ping each other and presenting a dense even foliage. The leaves are sometimes enti- rely of a dark dull red. Jawér kotok, name of a plant Celosia Christata of the family of Amaranthaceze. The leaves like those of the preceding plant, are also red in the center and green on the edges. It bears a handsome scarlet comb terminal to the stem, and is altogether a very ornamental plant. Jaya, victory, victorious; successful. Jaya, U. 206, victory, conquest, triumph. Jaya Baya, triumphant in troubles; name of an ancient King of Java, whose seat of government was at Daka in the province of Kadiri. Raffles 2 Vol Pages 80/81 as- signs as the date of his accession Anno Javee 800 = AD. 878; and Anno Jave 701 = AD. 779. (Bhaya is fear, and frighttul, horrible; so the name implies „feared by his victories.” Fr.) Jaya Kusuma, the trinmphant flower; the fiower of victory, is another name in Java- nese history for Panji or Ina Karta Pati. Jaya ning Rat, a name of Arjuna in the Mahabarat, and the title with wich the sove- reigns of Solo and Jugjo bedeck themselves — the triumphant in the Land. Jayak, to accompany in procession, to escort a great man with ceremony. To support a person either walking or swimming in the water. (Cf. djak.) Jayang Sékar, the flowers of victory, a native soldiery so called kept in some parts of the interior of Java. (lt is rather Jayéng sëkar, contracted from Jaya ing sëkar. Fr.) Jayit, to take up out of water; to take out of water anything which has been put therein to soak. J&bléh, having the lower lip sticking out, or projecting outwards horizontally like a flat saucer. (Batav. idem.) (56) Im an Inscription of the year Saka 1216 (or 1215), see Raffles 2d. ed, Plate 85, the island is called Yawadwipa, Yawa is a kind of corn- barley. Jawa, as at present pronounced is thus a corruption — y becoming j is very common in all Indian languages. Fr. 12 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Jëblog, deep with mud- a soft muddy place into which man or animal sinks. (Jav. idem.) Jë&blus, the idiomatie expression of anything falling into water, and being buried in it; or of a stake or piece of wood flung with violence end- foremost into the ground. (Jav. den epen Jëblos, has the latter meaning.) Jëbod,a word expressive of striking, thwacking, thumping. Jébrail, this word is the Arabie Aerad/, the name of the Aen. of Death. The Arch- angel Gabriel. (Jav. asammanang, Jabarail; Arab. en or dele, Gabriel, not Azrail. Fr.) | ff Jébrod, the idiomatie expression for a rope or string snapping. Jali na jëbrod bai pègat, and the rope snapped in two. (Cf. Jav. En enen Jëbrét.) Jébug, a dry pinang fruit, with the husk on, which has been kept some time in the house. (Jav. idem.) Jébul, springing up suddenly out of water, or out of any place of concealment. Kayu na jébul bai ngambang, the wood jumped up (from under water) and floated. Jéläma na jébul bad ti léuwéung the man suddenly popped out of the forest. (Cf. Jav. Jëbul and Jëbol, and Jav. Mal. Zombul. Fr.) Jëdak, the idiomatic expression of thumping, thwacking, striking violently or shooting. Jëdak bai di gëbugan, and he thumped him while he beat him. Jëdak baî di bëdil, and slap at him he shot. Jëdéd, a word expressive of striking, thwacking, thumping, but in a more gentle de- gree than expressed by Jëbod or Jëdod. (Batav. Said of the firing of a fowling piece.) Jéding, having the upper lip turned upwards towards the nose, so as to make the mouth gaping. (Bat. idem.) Jëdod, a word expressive of striking, but in a heavier degree than Jë&déd. (Bat. idem.) Jëdoe, hanging lazily about a place. A vulgar expression to designate a person idling his time away at any place. To kick up your heels anywhere. Eukéun jëdog di Lawang, he was idling about his door. Jédur, thundering along, said of any impetuous rush, as a river in a state of flood. Chai jédur bai cha-ah, and the river came down in a roaring flood. Said also of men or cattle rushing, especially through jungle. Jëdur bai lumpat, and they rushed impetuonsly along. (Batav. Said of the firing of a gun.) Jëg, an idiomatic expression of setting the foot to the ground, as of a deer or other ani- mal which runs fast, and comes tothe ground with a bound and immediately springs away again. Minchèëk na jëg jëlig bat lumpat, the small deer ran bounding away. Jëg often occurs in composition indicating firmness, steadiness, as Jäjëg, Pajëg etc. Jégang, with the legs astride; standing with the legs apart. Jégangkén, to distend, to pull out the under part of anything so as to enable it to stand of itself. AND ENGLISH. 173 Jégéng, a plant in the humahs growing innumerable small seeds, of the size of a pin’s head, in clusters. It is called in Malay Jawa-wut. It can be steamed like rice and eaten. lt is much given to cage birds. The Sunda people have a tradition that their ancestors lived on Jégéng before Paddy was known to them. The Malay word Jawa- wut is Sanserit, composed of Jawa and But, C. 475 Hating (of Priests) literally Java- eating- See Jawa. (Jawawut might be Yawawat, resembling barley. Fr.) ng, turmeric, only used about Buitenzorg in this sense. r, stiff, inflexible, rigid. (Bat. idem.) J J o Jëgu, one of the many names for a wild pig. Jëgu De eN r, the idiomatic expression of a person or animal plumping into the water; or of hurriedly running away with some noise. Jögur bai twrun ka chai, and splash he went into the water. Jögur bat hasup ha l&wwéung, and dash he went into the forest. (Bat. Jëbur. Jav. Jëgur, the sound of thunder, or of a large gun. Fr.) Jëjak, to trample on; to stamp down with the foot. (Jav. Bat. idem.) Jëjalon, a tath or slip of bambu inserted lengthways in a gëdég or wattling of bambu; the stick round which atap leaves are bent: derived from Jalu, the male of animals. Hateup sa jöjalon, a single piece of Atap. (Bat. idem.) Jëjaluk, to go about asking alms, mostly under a religious pretext. (Batav. idem. Jav. Jaluk, to ask.) Jëéjamu, medicine; medicine to be drunk. A medicinal draft. (Jav. idem.) Jëjangkung, stilts; pieces of bambu with pegs in them used as stilts. (Jav. Jangkung, to be in the air, like a birdof prey Batav. Jangkungan, the sameas Jéjanghung. Fr.) J&jég, to stamp down, to trample down with violence with the foot: to stam pon. Asana Jëjeg amat di bilang téa, well IT counted it perfectly correct. (See Jäjak.) Jéëjélëma-an, a puppet, a scare crow, a figure dressed up like a man. Picked men, not every man, a man selected from a number. Jäjélëma-an daik kadatangan rëjëki, it is not every man who has good luck. (See Jéléma.) J&jëman, to superintend work, to oversee; to arrange, to put in order. Jëjëritan, skitting about: a hopping run. Jëjuluk, a variety of grass in smamps of wich the inner fith is used as wicks for oil lamps. Jëkat, alms. Arabic Zakat. The Jëkat on Java is generally a portion of the erop given to the Mohammedan priests, and which properly is + of the crop. There is also a Jëkat of other property. (Arabic ÂS, Zakäton.) Jékéng, a sort of short, sharp edged grass, resembling Ilat. Jél&ma, a person, a human being, a man, a woman. Aya jélëma di dinjo, is any per- son there? Jéléma jangkung , a tall person. Jéléma is probably a corruption of the word Jama, C. 205, born, nature, birth; nation, race, tribe, lineage. 174 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Mr. Friederich supposes our Sunda word Jéléma to bea corruption, so as to suit Polynesian organs, of the word Jama which is Sanserit also, and means- Birth, pro. duction, according to Wilson's Sanscrit Dictionary. Calcutta 1819. Jéléng, flung away, kmoeked away, pitched off, ass by the violence of wind, of a stream of water, or said of any object which rebounds and strikes against another. Get along! Be off! Jëlér, name of a small fish in the rivers, 8 or 4 inches long. It has no scales but 5 eyrrhi or beards about the mouth. Cobitis Hasseltii. Jélig, an idiomatic expression of hopping or jumping. Jéëlig bai turun, he came down with a hop. Jëéling’ër, active, stirring about. Said of man or beast, who is full of energy and stirs about. In good health- well. Jëélot, dropping out, not as a liquid, but as any hard substance, as a tooth out of the head, a plug or nail out of a hole &c. Jémjém. the holy well called Zämzöm in the mosque at Mecca. Jémblung, pot-bellied. A man with a large paunch. (Jav. idem.) Jénari, the period just before dawn. Very early in the morning before daybreak. Jénat, the late, — said of a person who is dead. Jénat na dulur kula, my late brother. Jënat na Démang, the Demang (who is now dead), Jénnat, in Marsden Page 105 za ST Paradise, in Arabie Jënnat, as gone to Paradise. (Jav. idem. Arab. Leen Jarnat, garden, paradise.) Jéndral, European- a General- a Governor General. Jönène, title, honorary designation. Name of honour. Di béré jënèng, they gave him a title. (Jav. Balin. To stand in honour, to govern. Fr.) Jëéngkang, to set the legs astride or apart. To open the legs. (Jav. To be in danger to fall hindwards.) Jéngkol, name of a tree and its fruit. Inga Bigamina. The fruit is a concatenation of large round beans in a black pod. The natives are very fond of it, though it is stin- king stuff and is apt to give them severe fits of strangury. Jéngkolan, suffering from strangury in consequence of eating Jéngkol. Jëpit, jammed between, nipped, pinched. Evidently derived from Apt which Crawfurd says is Sanscrit, close, side by side, pressed or squeezed between two bodies. (Jav. Mal. Batav. idem.) Jépit and Jëpitan, nippers, pincers, blacksmith's tongs. Jérami, Paddy straw. The straw from which the grain has been cut off. (See Jam.) Jérih, feeling hurt or sore at getting a smaller portion or allowance than other people. (Jav. Bat. Järih or Jrih, is to be afraid.) Jéro, deep, profound. Di jéro, within, inside. Jéro corresponds to the Malay word Dalëm, and implies Znner in the sense of refined or accomplished. Basa jéro, refined or far- fetched language. AND ENGLISH. 175 Paré jëro, called in Malay Padi Dalém. Paddy which is of the best description and requires full five months to grow. Orang jëro, people who attend on great men or ave about a court. Yet the Sun- das do not say Jéro as applied to a native chief, but use the word Malëm, which sec. (Jav. Balin. id.) Jëruk, orange, pumplemoos- Shaddoek. Jëruk is the generie name for a great variety of Citrus- as Jéruk manis, Citrus aurantium. Jéruk Monje, Citrus Javanica. Jëruk Ipis, a small thin skinned variety- limes. (Batav. Jéruk tipis.) Jëéruk Bali or Jéruk Machan, the Pumplemoos which is the Citrus Decumana. Jëujëuh, the length of the foot, a foot mark long. As J&ungkal is the span of the hand, so Jëujeuh is the span of the foot. Jëujëur, the shaft of a fishing net; a fishing rod. Jëujëut, to plat, to interweave with the hands; to plat like matting. (Jav. B amg Jëjtët, to interweave bambu.) Jëunah, the maiden stem, the first fructification stem thrown out by the Kawung palm, and which is, of course, the first stem beaten and tapped for Sugar juice. Jéunéum, the lair made by wild pigs to bring forth in. It resembles a large hay-cock; is made of grass, straw and twigs, under the middle of which they creep to bring forth. Jéung, with. along with. Kudu jëung aing, it must be along with me. Jéungjing, a tree, a variety of Acacia, very common in the jungle. Jéungkal, a span, a span of the hand, a measure so called. Jéuntas, a stage of rude sticks or poles set against a tree, in order to fell it, at some distance above the ground, where it is thinner. J&unti, is the name of a tree growing amongst Alang-Alang or Eurih, and is found in Krawang and the Prianger Regencies; it somewhat resembles the Sumpur, but is not that tree. The Jéunti at the east end of Java is called Swmpu, wluch is odd, from its resembling the Sunda Swmpur so closely. Jiad, to help, to protect in difficulties. (Jav. a aaags Jiyad, coercion, violence.) Jiat nika, preparatory arrangements; arrangements taken with care so that all may be in order. Jiëun, to make, to construct. Léuwtung dt jiëunan hwmah, that forest has heen con- verted into humahs. Jihénnéëm, arabic, Hell. (Arabic, dn Jahannam.) Jijirih, shirking work, getting out of the way for fear of orders or incurring something unpleasant. (CÉ, Jërih, Jav. «A, cowardly.) 176 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Jilid, arabic, to tan, to make leather; a skin, a roll, a volume. The covering or bin- ding of a book. (Arabic, Ae, Jild, the hide; leather. Al mujallad, covered with leather, a book, a tome.) Jimat, an amulet, a talisman; spell, written charm, an incantation. It is the Arabic dod word dzimat of same import. (&esje). Jin, arabie, evil spirit, demon; the race of geni. ( ese Jinn, demons, geni.) Jingjing, to lift up with the hand, to carry away in the hand without tying to a car- rying stick. To carry off as a tiger carries its prey. This appears to be a sort of diminutive of Jungjung, to lift up. Jingjingan, the stick in the native weaving loom, used to raise the alternate threads, by means of pieces of string tied to the same and the woof. Jinis, the original true article; the Simon pure; that from which others are derived. Sv t x À od 3 (Seems to be the Arabic ui) Jins, which is taken from the Greek yevof, Latin genus. Fr.) Jintén, cummin seed. Jintën, name of a plant with thick hairy crenulated leaf, often kept growing in a bas- ket on the roof of houses and used in cookery. Lt is called in Malay Daun Kuching. Jirak, name of a tree Dicalyt tinctorius, the bark is used in native dying processes. Jirat, a noose with a limber stick bent down toit. A springe, a gin, a sliding knot. (Jav. atananp Jirët idem.) Jitun, olive. This word is Arabic- Zeitun. A variety of Jarak is called Jarak gitun, ord the olive atropha. Europeans call it vulgarly Palma Christi. (Arabic, uri) Jiwa, the soul, life. Jiwa, C. 212, life, existence; the sentsent soul. Jochong, sticking out stiff, rigid. Jodo, a term applied tormarriages where the parents on both sides give their consent, but the young people cannot made up their minds or agree. Jodo, Crawfurd- a pair, a brace, a couple. mate, match. (Jav. masemane, Jódó, with the meaning given by Crawfurd.) Jodog, the open landing place at the entrance of a native house, which is ascended by steps. The open balcony at a native’s door. Jogéd, a variety of fish trap for catching lélé fish. It opens downwards and the lélé has to make its way up. Jogjërog, to trot; to jolt and shake on horse back. In contradistinction to the native pas. A derivation of the following word. Î ‘ ä k AND ENGLISH. 177 Joejog, uneasy in motion, jolting; to keep moving. Jogjog di na kuda, jolting on horse back. Joglo, a temporary accommodation shed: a canvass tent. Jogo, to squat down on the hams, but not with the bottom touching the ground. Jogor, stff, unbending. Re Johar, the planet Saturn. Bentang Johar, the star Saturn. (CÉ Jakhal. Arab. des Zu- hal.) Johor, name of a Malay state at the Southern extremity of the Malay Peninsula. Sup- posed to be so called from an Arabie word of the same sound meaning- Precious stone, or Pearl. It was founded by the Malay chiefs who were driven out of Ma- Sv lacca by the Portuguese. (Arabic, D= Jauhar, from the Persian Di, Gauhar, î Ji precious stones, pearls. Freytag. ) Jojong, keeping at one's work, or on our course, irrespective of what others are doing. k Jokjok, the place for putting rice in a native’s house. The store place for rice. (C£. Gericke s. v‚, mas? Sd meaning, to pour out, to fill.) am Jol, the idiomatic beeld of coming. Jol bai datang, and pop he came; to pop sud- denly upon any one; making appearance. Z mana jol na, where did he pop from (come from). Chai na jol ti jéro, the water oozes out. Jolang, a wooden trough, a trough hollowed out from the stem of a tree. (Jav. maserin Jolang, a chair for carrying people, hung round with clothes. Sund. Dulang, the same as our Jolang.) Joli, a sedan chair, or any contrivance for carrying a person. (Jav. Balin. idem.) Jolok, to probe at with a skewer; to poke at in a hole with any long thin imple- ment, Jombang, name of a violent current of wind passing through the country in one deter- mined straight line and uprooting all before it. A sort of hurricane. Jompo, disabled for work; not fit for work, from age or infirmity. (Jav. idem.) Jompong, servants of nobles, Jong, a chinese junk; a ship. (Jav. qe Jong, idem.) Jongjongan; a short period of time, a short interval, say of about half an hour, parti- cularly as applied to work going on. A jongjongan is also a designation of distance, as much as a man can walk in about half an hour and will be thus about two or three miles. Might be translated — „a joggle on.” — Jongko, to sit on the rump on theground, with the knees bent up under the chin. (Batav. Jongkok.) Jong’or, a bit of forest projecting beyond the general line; a bit of land projecting or juttimg out. Jonot, a name for a wild pig. rie) (ee) een 178 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Jontor, a projecting point, any large rough thing which sticks out. A headland, a pro- montory. Jotang, name of a plant, Spilanthes acinella. Jotang, name of a plant, Eclipta erecta. Jual or Juwal, to sell. Daik di juwal, will you sell it? Manto dè juwal, it is not for sale. (Mal. Jav. idem.) Jubag, erippled, laid up with desease in any part of the body. Jubung, a circle of platted bambu set in a pan wherein sugar is boiling, to prevent its boiling over. Jubur, the anus. Judah, Jeddah on the coast of Arabia. Jugang, a cross piece of wood ar bambu to distend any thing and prevent its collapsing, as a cross piece between two sides of a roof or other construction; a distender. Jugang-jaging, walking backwards and forwards, with a swinging gait. Jugja, and Jugjakarta, name of one of the present native seats of government, viz of the Sultan, in the native provinces of Java proper. Jugja is a corruption of Ayuda, the name of the kingdom of Rama in the Ramayana. Crawfurd. Ayodya, C. 45, a neg. Yodya, war- not to be warred against. The modern Oude the capital of Rama. Karta auspicious, fortunate, accomplished. Jugjug, to direct the course to; to wish to get at; to aim at, to steer at, to drive, to chase away. Jugul, a bit of bambu with a notch slit in it, serving to show the distance at wich ataps may be regularly laid on a roof, generally about four inches apart. Juja, arabic, the Zodiacal sign Gemini. (Arab. Spel) Al-Jauzâ; probably from Ser. Yujau, the twins.) Jujul, a stake or piece of wood, which being to long for its use, projects unnecessarily- sticking out. Jujung, a fresh water river and pond fish, something like Gabus. Jukung, name of a variety of cargo boat, in use on rivers. Jukut, grass, of which the natives enumerate a great many varieties, always prefixing the word Jukut to each name. Jukut Bau, stinking grass, Ageratum conyzoides. A plant which grows very rapidly amongst the mountains, and without care chokes all other plants, especially young paddy. It is called in some places Babadotan. The following are some of the most usual grasses known to the Sundaese, inclu- ding those most sought after for cattle; Böubëuntöuran; Bibitungan; Girintingan; Jampang; Jampang pahit; Kalam mèta or Luambëta; Pingping kasir; Téki; Tiké, a sort of grass on the sea shore, and Waling. Julang, a variety of the Buceros or Rhinoceros bird, it resembles the Rangkung, AND ENGLISH. 179 Juluk, to poke into a hole under water, with a stick to try if there is any fish in it, preparatory to using the Aidt or spear point. Julung-julung, a variety of fish. Sphyreena Jello. Jumadil ahkir, arabie, the sixth month of the Mohammedan year; ahkir, means latter. Jumadil awal, arabie, the fifth month of the Mohammedan year; awal means first, former. Jumahat, arabic. Friday. The Mohammedan Sabbath. A week. Jumarum, like needles, said of paddy just sprouted; literally like a Jarum or needle. Jumbrah, a ceremony performed at Mecca, consisting in casting stones at a supposed demon or the Devil. The Sunda word is probably a corrupted form of the Arabic word Jamrat, which means gravel, and is applied to the same ceremony. Jumlah, arabie, the sum, whole, total, aggregate, collection. Jumpalit, turned topsy- turvy; with the bottom upwards. Jung; a measure of land consisting of four bauhs. (Perhaps Skr. Janghá, leg. Báhu is arm.) Jung, get along, go with you; go along; be off. Jung sia pulang- go along back with you. The idiomatic expression of lifting up. Jung di jungjung, and up they lifted it. Jungjung, to lift up, to raise, to elevate, to prop up. A prop, a support. Jungkèëd, upset, turned over. Jungkëdkën, to raise an object at one end while the other stll rests upon the ground. Jungkël, turn or time of any measure of length. Sabraha junghël, how many measures is it? How many times of the measure ? Jungkël, upset, cast down, tumbled over. Jungkël bai di bedil, he shot at and tumbled him over. Jungkkëlkëén. to turn over by placing a lever underneath. Jungklang, precipitous, steep. Jungkulan, Java head: the west end of the island of Java, Derived from the verb Fungkulan, to hangover and fondle, as the hills and rocks here overhang the Indian Ocean. , Juragan, a headman or leader in any way. A petty district Chief; the Chief native or Headman on the private Estates, who has charge of the police. A headman in a boat. Compounded of Jwru, an overseer, one who presides over or acts in any de- partment of business, and Agëng Chief, though in the compound word the final g is hardly ever heard. Jurak, name of a fish in the rivers. Juré, the corner ridge pole of a house, Jurig, an evil spirit, a sprite, a goblin. Jurjana, base, evil, wicked, brutish, sensellamess, cious. Durjjana, C. 279, vile, bad, wicked, malicious. Kéchap jurjana, malicious speaking. Juru, corner; the inner angle of anything; corner of a room. 180 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Juru, an overseer, director, one who presides over, or acts in any department of business. Juru-basa, a linguist, an interpreter. Juru-mudi, a helmsman, a steersman. Juru-tulis, a clerek, a writer, a secretary. Jurung, to assist; to come to the help of, to befriend, Jut, the idiomatie expression of getting down, descending. Jut bai turun té imah, and down he stepped from his house (always built on piles above the ground). Ju-uh, much, as of flowing liquids; abundant in water or in juice. Said of the branch of a Kawung tree which yields much juice. Ju-uh tinggur, cha-ah sadapan said of the Kawung Palm — profusely flowing from the beaten stem, and sending forth a flood from the toddy tapping. Ka, an inseparable particle used in the formation of derivative nouns, to which it is pre- fixed sometimes singly, but also, and that most frequently, the word to which it is prefixed, is followed by az, and by depriving the word of its initial Ka and affix an, the crude form of the word will be found and if necessary may be further sought in the dictionary. Kadua, the second, Katiga, the third. Kaburu, overtaken. Kangéunahan, delight, pleasurableness, derived from Ngéwnah; Kaluhuran, height from luhur high. Ka, a preposition in universal use; to, unto, towards. Ka mana, whither, or where are you going? Ka girang, up the river. Ka hilir, down the river. Kaluhur, upwards. Ka handap, downwards. It becomes often kang before a word beginning with a vowel. Bikun kadiyo kangaing, give it here to me. Ka-adilan, justice, equity, righteousness. (Arabie, Jill Adil, just.) Ka-ang'inan, exposed to the wind; in a draft of wind. Ka-angkat, taken away, removed. Kababaran, overcome, outdone. Kabadé, guessed, to know what a thing is, comprehended: to divine. Kayw iyo to ha- badé, 1 do not know what is the name of this wood. Zuchan di pupulih gëus kabadé, before he told me I had guessed it. Kabadi, to be unwittingly overtaken by some evil or disease, which is supposed to be the work of evil genü, and for which a great variety of hocus-pocus incantations are put in requisition, to avoid the evil effects. Kabah, arabic, the Kaaba. The temple at Mecca to which all good Mohammedans ought to make the pilgrimage. Close to the Kaaba is the celebrated well Zamzam. (aó), Al-Kâbot.) Kabalik, upset, turned upside down, inverted. Kabaya, Port: a loose robe, a dressing gown. Kabaya-an, to be overtaken by some evil; to have met with a misfortune, See Baga. ens AND ENGLISH. 181 Kabayan, a person of the olden time, before the introduction of Mohammedanism, who was possessed of much supernatural power. Probably derived from Baga, C. 460, fear, terror, alarm. (Kabayan at Bali is a person, who executes the orders of the village-chief, Mandega. Transact. Batav. Society of Arts and Sciences. Vol. XXIII, p. 4ö of the „Verslag van Bali” Er.) Kabayar, paid, debt cleared off. Zo habayar, L cant pay it. Kabödag, to overtake; overtaken, come up with. Done in time. Kabéh, all, every one, the whole. Probably compounded of the inseparable particle Ka which see- and Béh, the interjection of sight. In Malagasi Be means numerous. (Kawi, Javan. Balin. idem. Seems to be a prolongated form of Kweh or Akweh, Kami, Balin. of the same import, which exists in Javan. Keh. memz, and in the corrupted form Kyéh aso which the Javanese suppose to be Kawi. Gericke compares beh meng, Which means in composition thrty. Fr.) Kabëlëjog, got into difficulties about any thing; done, cheated, swindled. Said of any- thing which we undertake and cannot fulfil, Kabënöran,asitso turns out, as chance will have it; luckily. Anything that comes apropos. Kabëésékën, to have a husky cough caused by anything getting into the throat and sticking there, as dust or any small particle. Kabët, distracted, attention drawn away by something else than what we ought to be attending to. Perplexed. Kabëéubëuhéulan, unable to void excrement. Kabëuki, whatever we desire; the thing desired or wished for. Kabëuki na ka na lauks munding, Buffaloe flesh is just what he likes. Kabéulit, entangled by a rope or string getting twisted round it, Kabëuréuyan, said when a bone or other, impediment sticks in the throat. Kabias, to be cast away at sea; drifted from one’s course: to lose oneself in a forest. See Bias. Kabina, exceedmgly, in a high degree, generally said of something bad. Kabina bina téwyn, that is excessively bad; that is to bad! Kabiréung’o, espied, discovered with the eye, viewed, beheld, inspected. Kabiri, gelded, castrated. Kébo kabiri, a gelded buffaloe. ayam kabiri, a capon. Kabiri is also said of trees and plants, the tops of which are nipped off to make them grow more luxuriantly side-ways, as Tobacco, Coffee trees &c. &c. Bir, C. Pago 418 is a woman, a wife. With the constructive Ka before it would imply womanized. If this derivation is true. we would be led to the conclusion that the Islanders learnt the art of gelding from the Indians of the continent. (57.) (57) Birt is no Ser. word; Llúru, means fearful, and the feminine a timid woman. The Ser. words for castrated mean having lost the testicles, they are according to Williams, English and Sanscrit 182 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Kabita, pleased with, delighted at, takken with, captivated. Evidently derived from Ke and Bita. Bita or Blhita, C. 474 — 495, fear, alarm, apprehension, terror. From this we must conclude that Kabita expresses an alarm lest we should be deprived of the objeet of our delight; and is thus hiterally- „alarmed about it.” Kabolér, behind in work, not able to get through a job, a task unaccomplished. Kabongërëui, wishing, longing. Kabubuwahan, the kidneys. (See Buwah.) Kabudayan, knowledge, skill. (Derived from buddhi, Ser., wisdom.) Kabuhulan, not able to swallow; sticking in the throat. Kabukti, got, obtained, come in possesion of, appropriated. Kalapa éta tachan kabuktt buah na, the fruit of that Cocoa nut tree has not yet been obtained. See Bukts. Kabul, arabie, receiving what we ask for; a petition granted; acceptable, consenting , receiving. Favourably. Kabulan, the ceremony of taking a portion of the boiled rice when praying at Sëdëkah bulan Mulud, which each man reserves for himself or for his family. ‘The word is derived from Kabul, granted, the petition conceded (at the prayer). Kabuli, a preparation of boiling rice with meat, butter and sweetmeats. Kabur, run away, fled, made off, escaped. Kaburu, overtaken, pursued and taken. Having time to finish any work. Zo kaburu, we had not time to get it done, It could not be accomplished. Kabut, thrown about in confusion, scattered, dispersed. Kalang-kabut, disrupted, scat- tered, said either of men or things. Kabuyutan, compounded of Buyut, which see. Anything which is buyut or sacredly forbidden. The Great grand father or Great grand child. Kacha, glass for glazing; a looking glass. „In this lather sense more frequently called éuntéung. Kachaya, C. 118 a kind of silieious clay or earth from which glass is made. Or it may be derived from Chaya, bright, brilliant- Ch'haya, C. 203 radiance, splen- dour, but the Polynesian Ka prefixed, and the terminal ga elided, and will then denote the object of splendour, from its being transparent. Kacha-kacha, a triumphal arch erected in honour of a great man. An arched gateway of ceremony, usually constructed of bambu. Kachang, a pea, a bean, pulse. Molichos and phascolus of wich the species are very numerous. dictionary, ch hinnawrishana, ch’ hinnamushka, mushkagûnya. A. Eunuch is called Aiwa, which means the genus neutrum; he has besides a great deal of other names, which mean zo man, a thärd superfluous being, a guardian of women. But none of these words resemble in form or meaning to that of Kabiri (as given above in the text). We shall thus perhaps be obliged to seek for the ori- gin elsewhere, Fr. AND ENGLISH. 185 Kachang tanëuh, ground nut, Arachis hypogoea, so called from the seed vessels retur- ning into the earth, and becoming a sort of granulous root. Kachap, is difficult to translate- and then- did’nt he- Kachap ngarajang , did’nt he fly at him. Kachapi, name of a tree Sandoricum Nervosum. Produces a round apple-like fruit, full of cloves. Kachapi, a native musical instrument; a kind of guitar or lute. Kacha-piring, name of a large shrub with pure white flowers. Gardenia florida. Cal- led also Picha piring which see. Kachembang, a climbing shrub. Ardisia Tenniflora of the family Myrsinea. It bears a little black berry like the Privet oa the Ligustrum in Europe. Kachichian, having something poured out or spilt upon it Kachichiau chi hanëut , having warm water poured upon it. Kachida, excessively, seriously, beyond hope of recovery. Lusak Kachida, excessively spoiled, knocked to pieces. Gëring kachida ill beyond hope of recovery. (Might be from Ser. Ch'hidâ, cutting, dividing. Fr.) Kaching, left in the lurch, behind hand. Said of an idle good for nothing fellow who is always behind hand, who can never keep to time. Kachip, a forceps or scissars for cutting the betel-nut. Kachoa, a coekroach, when of large variety. A troublesome insect in store rooms; it gets amongst provisions and is especially fond of cheese. Blatta orientalis. Kachokot, laid hold of, caught in the hand. Possible to be done. Said of work which can be got through. Zo Kachokot, L have no chance of getting through (that work). It is more thau can be got through. Kachuali, except; with the exception of, unless. Kachubung, Datura in varieties. Datura ferox, Datura metel. When the seeds of the Datura ferox are eaten, they cause a sórt of frenzy or madness. These seeds are often mixed with bad opium to give it the appearance of being very efficaceous. A. few of the seeds of the Kachubung are eccasionally given to the Perkutut doves which cause them to warblea great deal. See Kuchubung. Kachugak, wounded in the foot or lower leg by anything large, as the end of a sharp stake or the like. When wounded by anything small, as a thorn, it is called Kasura, Kadaik, resolution, vigour of mind or body. The will (to do anything) Rossa Kadaik na, vigourous in will or determination. (See Daik). Kadal, a ground lizard, found much near houses and in gardens. Kadalé, a variety of pulse frequently planted. Kadala, C. 101, a kind of small bean, usually called gram, which is given to horses, Kadal-moyan, a piece of bambu which goes along the ridge-pole of the corners of a house, to which the covering is made fast, and the pegs to hold down the tatch secured, Litterally- the lizard sunning itself. 184 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Kadancha, a wood pigeon. A large wild pigeon in old forests which gives a loud and lugubrious cry or cov. Kadang-kadang, sometimes, at times. Kadariyo, the plural of Kadiyo, and is thus- come hither all of you-come here collectively. Kadatangan, to have come to us or to me. Kadatangan sémah, a stranger is come to me; that is IT have got a stranger in the house, Kadatangan untung, to have got prosperity. Kadaton, a Palace, the residence of a Datu or Ratu. Kadék, to cut or hack with a sharp instrument, as with a sword or chopper. Kadéngi, heard. Zo kadéngi, L do not hear it. I did not hear it. Kadengi ka jauh, heard a long way off. Kadèngkék, troubled, in difficulties. Kadéngkën, to lay down flat, to prostrate; to lay anything down on the ground. Kadépér, a fruit resembling a mango. Kadijah, the first wife of Mahomet; she was a widow when he married her, and set him up in the world. She died three days after Abu Taleb, aged 65 years, and was Mo- hammeds only wife till her death. Kading, 'ts true; Yes even so; now that Jthink of it. Used as if calling any cireumstance to memory. Ho kading sia geus mayar, oh, now that think of it, you have paid. Bënér kading, now that Jthink of it, it is right. Kadiniyo, to, on or at that very spot: there, with emphasis. Kadipatén, the place or dwelling where an Adipati lives. Kadiyo, hither, to this place, the usual expression for our — Come here! Kadogan, a native stable for a horse; generally a single separate stall, made of open bar- work with a roof, into which the horse is turned in loose and baned in. Kadonedong, name of a tree, Paupartia Dulcis or Spondias mangifera, somewhat re- semblins a small manggo. Kadongdong China, a pretty shrub for the fences of garden plots. Panax Fruticosa. Kúdu, an inland residency in Java, in which stand the magnificent ancient ruined temples of Boro Bodur. Both Marsden and Crawfurd give Kadu as sanserit implying the Dra- gon’s tail, one ofthe nodes of the moon. Kadu is also the short for Kaduwa, C. 101. a sword, a sabre, and may have had some allusion to the kshattriyas or military cas- te settled here, and at no great distance from the abode of the holy men in Bagalén, and among the Prahu mountains. (58.) (58) The Dragon's tail is called Kefu in Sanserit. Corruptions as from Kétu into Kädu can- not be admitted ín Javanese without a great deal of analogous cases. The only word to be brought forward in favour of Marsden and Crawfurd is Kuda, derived by Humboldt and others from AND ENGLISH. 185 Kadu, the great and celebrated fruit of the Asiatie Archipelago called in Malay Durian, Dario Zibethinus of the natural family of Bombaceae. Kadudukan, an employment, an office, a post of honour; rank. Kadudukan adipati, the rank of an Adipati. Zuchan bogah kadudukan, he has not yet got employment or a situation. Kaduga, to“undertake, to take in hand; to reckon to be able. Zo kaduga, I cannot ven- ture to undertake it. See Duga. Kaduhung, vexed, sorry for any act; inwardly regretting. Kadut, a bag, bagging made of shreds of Palm leaves, especially of the Gëbang Palm, and much used for the sails of small native craft. Ka-éntét, joined together, tacked or tied together. Adhering to each other. Kagëduk-see Kakëduk. Kagét, startled, put in trepidation. The more usual word is Rowas,. It is also used in the construction of sentences as a word of apposition or contrast, what then, how if, suppose that, but if, but then. Kagét to dî béré, but suppose he does not give to me. Kagét datang, but then he came. (59). Kagol, any thing which is out of place, out of season, not opportune. Unseasonable, occurring at a wrong time. Put out of your routine. Something being in the way which prevents your acting. Jadi kagol ku batur, I become disappointed on account of my neighbours. (Is known at Batavia). Kagugu, tiekled with an idea; having a mixture of surprise and indignation about any matter. Kagung'an, Highness- derived from Agung, principal, chief, with the pre- and suffix Ka and an. Kagung'an Raden Adipati, His Highness the Raden Adipati. Awda kagungan, your honour’s horse. Ser. ghota. But even this derivation is no more than a conjecture. ‘Fhe name self dragon's tail is not an auspieions one, why should it have been given to such a fine, celebrated country? Kaduwa might be Khadga, on Java however such an alteration seems not to be admissible. We might find perhaps the Etymon of the word in any of the Polynesian languages. ‘The writing zaS (Kédu) in Marsdens Malay dictionary leaves it uncertain if the e be long or short. In the first case we ex- pect a ‚& after the =<; the latter case is very improbable, when the word isto be derived from Kêtu. After all IL know from inscriptions a name Jwarahu, which must have been a place of no- tice in the northeastern part of Java- and it means like Rahu who is the upper part of the dra- gon, and always desirous to devour the sun or the moon. Fr. (59) In Kawi it is kagiat; Jav. and Batavian kagét; on a golden ring from Java kajêt; Malay käjut and another Javanese form is köjót. Fr. 24 186 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Kah, glue; the word is probably Chinese, as these people have it mostly in use in their handicrafts, and import the article from China. Kahakan, eaten, consumed. Buah na gëus kahakan, its fruit has been eaten. Zo ka- hakan ku aing, Y did not get any to eat. Kahalingan, shut out by, intercepted by. The view cut off. Gunung éta kahalingan Ju gemung déui, that mountain is still shut out by other mountains— you cannot see it. (Jav. idem.) Kahanan, place, residence, where a man puts up. Subsistance, means of living. (From the Javanese häná, to be. Fr.) Kahar, authority, rights. Most probably Arabic. Kaharti, understood, comprehended. Understanding, comprehension. Meaning. (From Ser. Artha, Mal. Arti). Kahayang, desire, wish; what we long for, longing. Kahéumpik, encompassed, hemmed in so as not to be able to move at liberty; in a di- lemma. Kahirupan, livelyhood, maintenance, sustinance; life, existence. (See Hirup.) Kahkal, hard and firm as Dodol or any preparation of cookery. Kahot, invulnerable; a person whom weapon cannot wound, as daring scoundrels or re- bellious subjects always pretend to be. A brave daring man. (According to Gericke means Kahot in Kawi, excellent, eminent; a brave warrior.) Kahujanan, rained upon; got wet from rain. Kahyangan, name on Bali for the abode of the gods. See Hyang. Also small houses where offerings are made to the gods. On Bali there are the Sad Kahyangan or six chief temples distributed among the petty states of that island, which are noted places of Hindu worship. Kai, a term of respect for an old man- honoured Sir! a contraction of Kia which see. Ka-i, wood, especially wood which has been cut‚ planks, beams or teh like. (Cf. Mal. Kayu.) Kai-akas, a small active crab on sea shore, which burrows in the sand. Kain, cloth made of cotton especially. Kain meja, a table cloth. Kairok, wrong, mistaken, confounded. Kait, to pull towards one with a hooked stick; a hook or erook. Any weight which is weighed at once on the native or Chinese Dachin or steelyard; the quantity which is put upon the Kai or hook of the instrument, to be weighed is called Sa Kart. Kaitken, to pull towards one with a hooked stick; to hang up to a hook. To put the bridle over a horse's head. Kajagjag, said of water the bottom of which can be felt by a man standing upright in it. As much as a man’s depth. Kajalikëuh, sprained in the foot. Kajang, a large piece of stiff matting made of the unexpanded leaves of a Palm tree, AND ENGLISH. 187 which are tacked together with split rattan, much used to keep off rain or wet, and as such are in universal use in all sorts of boats and river craft. Finer varieties are used for lining sugar baskets. Kajar-kajar, name of a plant, Colocasia macrorhyza. Kajëéun, never mind, it matters not; Zngkéun na, hajëun tëuyn let it alone, it matters not the least. Kajëun to di béré never mind even should he not give any. Kaju, name of a tree, Anacardium Occidentale, called also Jambu médé, and in Malay Jambu Monyat; the cashewapple. Kaju, C. 98 the cashew nut tree. Kaka, Elder brother; a term of respect in adressing a man older than ourselves. In Malay Kaka is elder brother or sister. See Marsden Page 249. Akka, C. 4. Eldest sister. Kakab, a piece of injuk, as it comes from the tree in the shape of a triangular bit of matting. Jnjuk sa kakab, a piece of injuk. Kakabuëun, the lungs; the part in the chest on which the breath of respiration acts. Kakait, a stick with a hook to it, much used when cutting brush wood, or grass, both for the facility which it gives in the work, and from saving the hand from being poked amongst the grass where often the deadly Orai tanëuh, or ground snake, lurks. … (Cher Ld) Kakait bëusi, name of a shrub, an Uncaria, the same as Kuku höulang. Also a sepa- rate variety. Kakalén, a gutter, a drain for water, a ditch. Derived from Kali to dig, and thus is literally — „a dug out” — lt is not derived from Kali a river, which word, in that sense, does not exist in Sunda. But Kali is the word for a river in both Java- nese and Malay as spoken on the coasts of Java, and especially at Batavia. The Sunda people use for river, Clu, chat, waluran. Kakang, elder brother, more frequently Kaka, which see. Kakap, name of a fine large sea fish of excellent flavour. Kakapa, a padded cloth used by natives by way of a saddle. Kakara, now for the first time; never before; Kakara nyaho di hadé na, now for the first time we know of its being in order. Kakarak, only now, just now, freshly; as yet; now for the first time. Kakarak datang sa orang, as yet only one man is come. Kakarak lëumpang, he has just gone away. Kakara and Kakarak are two distinct words, but there is only a slight shade of dif- ference in meaning between them Kakasih, see Kasih, affection, love. Kakat, to lift up and take away, to remove. Kudu di kakat it must be taken away. Kakatuwa, a cockatoo; used as applied to parrots imported from countries beyond Java, as the parrots of the Moluccos. Kakawén, singing, songs. Derived from Kawih which see. Ornaments of speech, some- telnantelt) thing in addition to the plain truth. (The original wordis Scr. Kawi, a poet, or rather 188 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Kawya, a poem. The word isa contraction from the following. Fr.) Kakawian, singing, in the act of vociferating a song. The subject of a song. Eùükèéur kakhawian in the act of singing. Kakayon, timber, wood in general, all kinds of wood which grow. Wood taken as a class apart from shrubs or plants which do not grow wood or timber. (From Kayu.) Kak&duk and sometimes Kagéduk, a bit of bambu set in a running stream, so that the water constantly jerks it, by which strings are pulled to frighten pigs or birds. Kakémbén, a sort of scarf worn by women round the waist or breasts. The same as Karémbong which see. (On Bali Kambèén means the common clothing of a women; the scarf alluded to is called kambén chëörik, that is a small cloth or kain. Fr.) Kakén, a foot rule. (From Kaki.) Kakénchéng, an iron open cooking pan formed like a concave segment of a sphere. A large sugar pan. (At Batavia it is made of copper.) Kakénda, elder brother or sister; used only among people of rank. Compounded of kaka vide, and éndah, good, proper. (See above Baginda.) Kakényëd, a small rope used as reins to a buffaloe yoked to plough or cart. Kaköplok, knocking stones together to make a noise, as is done with stones under water to frighten fish towards any nets or traps which may be set. A joint of bambu set in the sawahs, which fllls and empties itself regularly, and the end which is split knocking against a stone, frightens the wild pigs away. (Jav. Képlok, to beat in the hands.) Kaképuk, in a hurry and confusion. Overhaste at any work whereby it is badly done. The reverse of Linéh which see. Kaki, a measure of a foot, which the word implies in Malay. The usual foot employed on Java is the Annsterdammtoot seg ualsto Msn eenn 11.146 English inches. Rhineland foot equal to ...... enervede wedk 12.357 The English foot is also in very general use . 12.000 ’ 7 Ep) 2 Kakiping, a wheel for a Pedaty or native cart, or a wheel for a Rice-mill, cut out of one disk of wood. Këping in Malay Marsden Page 260 flat (not convex). It is ap- plied idiomatically in the enumeration of things flat and thin, as Këpingbatu a slate. Kakituan, doing so, acting in that manner. Etymology kitu, thus, in that way. Kakompongan, the flank of any four footed animal, as a horse or buffaloe or the like that part of the belly which adjoins the hind legs. Kaku, stiff in expression or manner of speaking. Offended, vexed about anything without giving expression toit. (Malay also stupid; Javanese, Batavian stiff generally, even said from a dead body. Fr.) Kakuprak, to knock about, to turn topsy turvy. To beat forest or jungle to drive out game. To knock people about and ill use them. Kakurangan, deficiency, what is wanting. Dearth. (From Kurang Jav. Mal.) Kala, a small scorpion. In Jampé it means the South; see Sëri. Kala, C. 111, a crab, the zodiacal sign scorpio. AND ENGLISH. 189 Kala, time, period. Bahéula kala, in former times, in daysof old. Kala, C. 111. Time, adivision of time. C. 120. Time, a name of Yama, the Regent of death, see Yama. Also a form of Siwa. Kalabang, a centipede, a poisonous insect with many feet, Scolopendra. (Perhaps from Kála and bang, red, its colour being reddish. Fr.) Kalabu, of a dirty or darkish colour, greyish. (At Batavia idem. In Malay it means the (greyish) hide or mark in a sick eye. Fr.) Kalábu, upset, as a boat in water. (Labuh in Malay to let fall; in Javanese and Dali- nese to throw into the water or fire as a death punishment. Fr.) Kalachés, name of a bird, also called Panyëusëup. Kalachi, a wooden shovellike spoon for stirring dodol when boiling. Kala gamarang, a character in the Manek Maya, who was transformed into a hog. (In Javanese Kala Gumarang; see Gericke.) Kalahang, a very stinking kind of Durian. Kalahiran, birth, time of coming into the world. (From the Arabic „alb thlähir, ap- parens, conspicuus, thus the time of coming to the daylight. Fr.) Kalakai, leaves and refuse vegetable matter collecting on the surface of the ground, especially in forests or uncultivated ground. Kalakuan, conduct, deportment, behaviour. For the reason that, seeing that: Kala- kuan handap, for the reason that it is low. (From Lakw, to go, to behave.) Kalalén, forgotten, from Jali to forget. Is used when addressing an equal. Lai is also Javanese for-to forget. (Lal is also Malay and Balinese. Fr.) Kalam, Arabie, a pen, as used by Arabs and natives. It is made of the substance called Marupat, which see. (5, qalam calamus seriptorius.) Kalam mèëta, or Lambeta, name of a variety of grass. Kalamantan, Pulo Kalamantan, the native name for the vast island ied by Euro- peans Borneo. Quere Kala, C. 120, a name of Yama, the regent of the dead, a form of Siwa. Manthana, C. 517. agitating, stirring, churning. Can this in any way refer to the Hindu legend of the world having been formed by a process of churning. With Borneo surrounded, asit is, by the other islands of the Archipelago, the idea might sug- gest itself, of its having been the churning staff of such an exploit. (60). (60) The original inhabitants of Borneo, d'ont know this name; only the Javanese, who conquered the southern parts, so far as the present Pontianak to the westward and the country of the kine of Kuti to the eastward, could have given such a name to that part of the island they knew, Bd by the Malays, who were the successors in possession of the maritime parts of Borneo, the name right have been spread farther. I should prefer to consider the name Kalamantan (or Kalamantén), originally certainly Kalamanta as a lenghtened form of Kálamat (in the stronger cases Kalamant) this means possessing Kûla, (the destroying deity). ‘The a is added to save the stronger form, and the 190 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE. Kalamari, yesterday. Kala, C. 111 Time. Mari, C. 538, killing; ruin; plague, epide- mie; or Marita, C. 538. killed, slain, thus time which is dead. Kalambu, curtains (of a bed). Kalampah, used, in use, made use of. Usual expression in conversation. Basa kitu tilok kalampah, such a word is never made use of. (Lampah in Jav. the sameas Laku, see Kalakon.) Kalana, name of a great rebel in the 18 century on Java, called Kalana Jaya, strolling about and triumphant. See ngalalana. Kalang, a sort of outcasts on Java, perhaps now not found anywhere in the Sunda dis- tricts. Can these be the outcasts of Hindu times? The word is probably the same as heard in the Sunda expression Kalang-kabut, scattered, dispersed. Im Roorda van Eysinga’s dicttonary of the Javanese language we find „Kalang, name of a people on Java, who formerly wandered about, but who are now chiefly fixed at Kali Wungu, Demak and Kèndal, and who have partly retained their peculiar customs.” The word Balang, both in Javanese and Sunda, is to throw or fling, and Ka-balang, or by econtraction perhaps Kalang, would mean flung out, and thus an outcast. In Sunda also the word Alang-alangan means to wander about at random, and from this we may have Ka-alang. The Kalang are olso known about the Straits of Malacca, and occupied the present site of party ofthe town of Singapore. See Singapore Journal 1847 vol. I p. 300 —304. Kalang, field of battle; a circle for ronggengs to dance in. (Jav. kalang a circle; nga- lang, to surround.) Kalangan, circle, ring for fighting in &c. Kalangan bulan, a circle of haze, or halo round the moon. Kalang dada, a protector, a safeguard; any person or thing used as a main matter of protection. Kalang kabut, disrupted, scattered, dispersed, driven in different directions. Kalangkang, shadow, shade; the shadow of any object on which the sun shines. Kalantaka, a small eannon on wheels, such as kept by native chiefs to fire salutes. (From Kála, death, and autaka, finishing Fr.) Kalanti, want of food, famine, famished. Pa-ih kalanti, died for want of food. Loba nu kalanti, many were famished. Kalap, a disease suddenly turning a person half mad, as if possessed of the devil, n might have been put to the word in a time, when the meaning of the word was no longer un- derstood, and the ka considered as the common Polynesian prefix, which seemed to demand also the suffix an. Mt is true, that Sanskrit words ending in a should form possessive adjectives by the Suffix wat, but the Javanese troubled themselves never about the exact rules of Sanscrit grammar. Lengthened forms as vanta and manta exist in the languages derived from the Sanscrit. As to the meaning, the Javanese certainly consideredt he inhabitants as possessing Múla (Jama, death) for the reason of their unheard of barbarous manners, cutting heads from an ambush, eating human flesh (which some continue to do till now) and being devoid of all attributes of mankind. Fr. AND ENGLISH. LO Hair-brained. (Jav. Becoming distressed, miserable, by an accident, or any unknown reason. At Batavia it has the meaning given by the Sundas, a person not knowing where and what he is about. Fr.) Kalapa, a cocoa nut, the cocoa nut tree-Cocos nucifera. Quere, may not this fruit have its name of Kalapa from having its fruits hidden within so much husk and shell, and thus secreted, see following word. A more decidedly Polynesian name for the Cocoa nut in many of the languages of the Archipelago is Niyor. (In Kawi exists also the form Kat'lapa. Fr.) Kalapa, a secret place; an out of the way place in the forest, or among the mountains ; out of sight, see Sunda. Perhaps from the etymon lap or lép, covered up, hidden. Kalapa, a variety of mangga so called. Kalapa-chiung, name of a tree wild in the jungle; Myristica glabra, a variety of wild nutmeg but without savour. Kalarung, overlooked, passed over by mistake. Kalayar, Frichosanthes Pubera, a liane with a bloodred fruit, which is of size of a hens egg but not eatable. Kalayar-kaloyor, to go strolling about without appearing to do any business; wan- dering negligently about. Kaldé, an ass. C. 114 Kaludawa, anass. The ass is not indigenons in Java, but a few yearsago the Dutch government caused a great many to be imported under the idea that they would make useful beasts of burden. The experiment failed and the animal is now again very scarce. Kalébu, upset, turned upside down, especially as a boat in water. (See Kalabu.) Kaléhkér, a small worm or grub, a sort of mite or acarus which eats timber in houses, especially near the surface, and after it is well dried. Kaléng, Tin plate, such as used for lining cases, or white-smith’s work. (Batav. idem.) Kalëng'ör, fainted away: lost consciousness. (Batav. id.) Kalér, the north.(Jav. Balin. idem.) Kali, C. 121. One of the names of Durga, the wife of Siva; see Durga. Kali, to dig, to grub up, to turn over the ground. Kali, time, times, periods. Datang tilw kali, he came three times. This word is also most likely of sanserit origin. Kali and Kaliyuga, the fourth age of the world accor- ding to the Hindus. C. 113. (61). Kaliagé, Cudrania Pubescens, a tall shrub with long and very sharp thorns. Kalian, to dig, to dig at, to dig out. Kaligung, confused im accounts; fancying that a debt is another- figure than what it really is. Kaliki, the castor oil plant, otherwise called Jarak jitun. (61) Ìt mioht be the same as kalâ, a division of time, about 8 seconds. Kali to Kalâ would stand as art to Ser. artha. Fr. 192 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Kalilipa, the milt, the spleen, the liver. Kalilipan, an involuntary twinkling of the eye. Kalima, the fifth. Kalima, as Kalima Sahadat, the Mohammedan profession of faith. La tlah illallah Mo- hammad rasul Allah, There is no God but God and Mohammed is the Prophet of God. Kalimat, arabie, a word, the word (of God), vide Marsden, Page 264. (Aal kalimat; zoles ‚ shahâdat, testimony, thus the word of testifying the faith. Fr.) Kalimborot, Castanea Javanica; wild variety of Chesnut. The fruit is not eaten, or very rarely, as it purges severely; it is covered with sharp spines like needles. Kalipa, arabic, a vicegerent, a deputy, a caliph. A common name for a man. The word is mostly used when referring to religious matters. (kaas, khalifat.) Kaliru, wrongly understood, mistaken, got into confusion. One thing taken for another. (Jav. Úru idem, and to exchange.) Kaliwat, in excess, excessively, exceedingly. Kaliwat rusak excessively destroyed. (Jav. id.) Kaliwon, the fifth day in the old Javanese Pasar or week of five days. Vide Manis. Kaliwon, a petty officer of the village administration in some parts of the country. He is an inferior native official in Java, the origin of which is not clear. On Borneo, in Ngadju or Pulo Pétak, a village or collection of houses is called Leww (see Indisch Archief 1849. Eerste jaargang, vijfde aflevering) and the compound Kaléwon would imply an official presiding over such a village. The officials name may have been preserved in Java, after the Léwu, from which it had been derived, had become obsolete, and replaced by the Indian word Désa. Lewu is probably a continuous pile of buildings in which the people of Borneo usually live together. Such a Léwu may at one time have been usual on Java, till superseded by the Kampung or fortified enclosure, which the necessity of self-protection may have forced upon te people. Some approach to a Léwu is still maintained by the inhabitants of the Tengger moun- tains in Pasuruan. (In Java itis the second in rank, following after the Toemenggoeng. Gericke.) Kaloba-an, excess, abundance, more than required. Kalong, a flying fox; a large animal of the bat kind. Pteropus Javanicus. Kaloyor, strolling away, wandering about. Kaluar, outside, without, excepting; go out! quitted an employment. Kudu kaluar, you must come out, you must leave your situation. Gèus kaluar, he has gone out; he has left his situation. Kalwar nu hadé, with the exception of those which are good. (Mal. id.) Kaluarkën, to dismiss, to turn out of an employment; to bring outside, to produce; to separate. Kaluaran, literally „the outsiders;” among the Badui of South Bantem, those heathens who have been forced to leave the parent stock, in order that it may not exceed a fixed number are called Kaluaran. an AND ENGLISH. 193 Kaluhan, a bit of string or cord passed through the septum of the nose of a buffaloe, and the ends tied behind the horns. All working buffaloes have a tali kaluhan in their snouts, by which they are easily led or guided. (Jav. Kéluh idem.) Kalulah, the sap wood of a tree, the Alburnum. Kalun, gone along with, included. To support in swimming; to float any object along water. Kalung, a necklace, any thing worn round the neck by way of ornament. (Jav. Mal. id.) Kalung-dada, a bulwork; something to serve as a defence; a breast-place, An orna- ment hanging on the breast of young girls, by a string round the neck. This ornament is generally semicircular as a segment of the moon. Kaluron, to bring forth before time; premature delivery; abortion. Kalutuk, a poor variety of Plantain, of which the fruit is hardly eatable, see Kulutuk. Kama, C. 119. The Hindu Cupid, or deity of love. Kamal, Java acid; the juice of fresh Tamarind, which is used for cleansing metals, especially brass-work. (According to Gericke Kawi for the T'amarind-tree.) Kamala hiang, words heard in Jampés. Kamala C. 106 a name of Lakshmi. Miang, Hyang, divinity; the goddess Luakshmi; see Luaaksmi. Luaksmi is little heard in Java and probably she was more generally known by the name of Kamala-hiang. (And Srí) Kamaloli, heart-sore, vexed. Kamanjon, an hermaphrodite. (At Batavia Banji.) FL 5 Kamar, arabie, the moon; word used in the composition of proper names. (es). Kamarang, a wasp; name of a fy or wasp which stings severely; it is less than the Tijuwan, and also stings less severely. Kamarudin, a man's name — the moon of the faith — Kumar, moon, uddin of the faith. Kamas-an, a goldsmith. Kamayangan, so much the better, that will give so much the more pleasure. Probably derived from Ka preposition, and hayang to desire, to wish, with the peculiar m interposed; see kampung. Kambang, to float, gnerally heard in the shape of Ngambang, which see. (Jav. id.) Kambangan, generally called Nusa Kambangan, the floating island, from some old fable. It is situated on the south coast of Java, and adjoins Banyumas; see Ngambang. Kamboja, name of a tree with white flower, much planted abont burial grounds. Plumeria acuminata. Kamboja, C. 119 the name of a plant, a sort of white Mimosa. Kamboja is the name by which the plant is every where known in Java, both in the Sunda and Javanese districts. At the Eastend of Java, however, it is most fre- quently seen planted about the graves. With its name it no doubt came from the continent of India. In Ceylon the flowers are much used for placing on the altars before Buddha, where, however, it is called in the colloquial dialect- Ewëriya. Kaméja, Port. Camisa, a shirt, a shift. Kamél, ar. the Zodiacal sign Aries. (se hhamal.) ho Ke 194 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Kami, we, us, also 1. A polite expression whereby the speaker does not put himself above the person addressed, which he would do by using the pronoun ang. Imah kami, my house. Kami kabéh datk ka gunung, we are all going to the mountains. (Mal. and Kawi, 1, me; we, us.) Kam-kam, a chinese weapen of defence, like the blade of a sword mounted with a spear handle. Kam pa, to express oil with a peculiar press used by the natives and called Kampahan. (Mal. id.) Kampahan, a wooden press to extract oil. There are two uprights set in two horizontal pieces, and by forcing in wedges the two uprights are driven together and thus exercise a great pressure on any oil producing matter placed between them. Kampak, an axe; an axe such as used by Huropeans and Chinese in contradistinction to the native axe called Baliyung, which see. (Kampak Jav. a great axe without a woo- den shaft. Fr.) Kampil, a bag, a large bag for Rice, Coffee &c. (Jav. A bundle, pak, bag.) Kampu, a large wooden bucket or tub, in which oil is kept or measured. Ampuh, in Malay to overflow. Kampung, a village; is properly Malay, but is still from associating with Europeans and Chinese often used, especially to designate themselves as- orang kampung, village people, as distinct from foreigners. Kampung is probably derived from Kapung or Këépung to enclose, with the peculiar m interposed, giving it the sense of an enclosed place or village, as in rude states of society, every village was a fortified place. The usual word for village in Sunda is Lwumbur. Kampung in Malay is not merely 2 a village, but „an inclosure,” a place surrounded with a paling; a fenced or fortified village; see Marsden in voce Page 267. The Etymon of Kampung signifying enclo- sure, is also heard in the Malay expression Kain bëkampo which is another name for a Sarong. See Singapore Journal April 1849 Page 275. Kampung, to mix, to associate. Kampungkën, to join together, to unite, to collect into a common stock, especially a number of small things or trading articles. Kamudi, a helm, a rudder, an oar to steer by. (Mal. SOS Kumûdi; Jav. Kamudi, Kémudi, Kumudi.) Kamuning, name of a tree common about towns and in cultivated places. It has a pretty white flower and yields a handsomely mottled wood. Murraya exotica of the family Aurantiaceae. Kana, to become, for the purpose. Kana hadé mohal, It is not likely to do any good. Jadi kana goréng, It will turn out bad. This word is evidently compounded of the particle Ka which see, and na, his, her, its- possessive pronoun. Kanang'a, name of a tree with its yellow flower, which is much sought after by the natives to stick in their hair, Unona Odorata. Kanari, name of a tree, the fruit of which yields a fine esculent oil; Canarium Com- AND ENGLISH. 195 mune. Its native country appears to be the Moluccos, but it is now plentifully planted about the European towns in Java, and used for shading the publie roads. Kanas, a Pine apple. Name derived from the European word Ananas. It grows now very abundantly every where, but has always been planted by man. Bromelia Ananas. Kanchana, golden, gold. Kachana, C. ‚ turmeric; also the name of severs s K l ‚ golden, gold. Kac/ C. 118, turme Iso the name of several plant and trees, which they bear in consequence of the yellow colour of their flowers, as the Champaka &e. (Kúnchana Skr. means gold; it isa very common word in Kawi; the Javanese called formerly the southern part of Borneo Nusa Kanchana, the island of gold. Fr.) Kanchara, name of the largest and best fish of the mountain rivers. Called in Malay ’ o y/ umbra. (Perhaps called Pambra fr per-colour of on el ie Tambra. (Perhaps called Zumbra from the copper-colour of one species Fr.) Kanchëuh, fallen ill again in sickness; having got a relapse. Kanching, a button; a bolt, a peg of wood or iron driven in to hold some other object fast. (Jav. Mal. idem.) Kanchingan, to fasten with a Kanching; to bolt, to bar, to button. To fasten by driving in a peg. Kancholah, a Braggadocio, a swaggerer. Said of a man who wants to carry every ‘thing with a high hand. Kanechur, the metal of a cast iron pan worked up for an inferior kind of steel. Kandane, a pen, a fold, inelosure, shed for cattle. (Mal. Jav. idem amar). lk À C) Kandang Wési, Iron cage. A plage so called in ancient Javanese history, and most probably in Jampang of the Prianger Regencies. Kandar, to drag, to pull along, to haul. Kandas, aground, ashore, grounded. Cleaned out, all gone to the last article. Said of any article which was being distributed, but is now done. Kandayan, part of the native weaving apparatus. The frame for holding the Kérékans, when the pattern is given to the cloth, and then wound round the Pihanéan. Kandayang Tani, a female character. A sort of goddess presiding over agriculture. Kanana, C 118, a forest, a grove, and Dayang, vide voce. Tani in Sunda, indus- trious. Thus the „ Forest-damsel who is industrious”. Agriculture began by felling the forest and making humahs. (62). (62) The Sanscrit word kânda (with two cerebral letters) has besides other significations, for in- stance »a chapter of a book” also that of „opportunity, season”; yang will be nothing else than hyang, as explained in this dictionary sub voce, cf. Guriang, sang Iyang, Kamalâ hjang ete. Kán- da (Myang tant appears thus to be the goddess of season, of the just time (for working the field) Tant means in Javanese and Balinese »the agriculturists, the country people” in opposition to the lazy people of the towns (nëgara, nëgri) who live with the princes and other great men. In the mouth of the country people means wong tani certainly a brave, honest, industrious man, but with the people of the towns it has rather the meaning of a brutal, not civilized fellow, wrho is only good 196 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Kandé, a scrip, a wallet, a small bag slung over the shoulder and carried about by a man wherever he goes, containing Séuréuh and many other small objects. Ngaitkön kandé to hang up the bag- means to take up your quarters with any one; make your- self at home and allowed to hang up your bag. Or in some sense to be admitted as a courtier or lover, and thus to familiarly divest yourself of the bag. (Jav. Kandi, a bag. acnagn) Kandël, thick- not as liquids but as solid substances- liquids when thick are called Kim- pél. Kayu nu kandël, a piece of thick wood- Kandël biwir na, thick lipped- telling ar- rant lies. Awda éta kandel awak na, that horse has a thick’ body, is stoutly built. (Kéntël nar opn in Javanese and Batav. means thick, stiff, just when speaking of liquids. Kandél aen 20 mop” Jav. has the same meaning as in Sundanese. Fr.) Kandung, to carry anything on the back wrapped up in a cloth, or more generally in the folds of the Samping; to carry a child on the back so wrapped up. (Mal. idem.) Kanduruan, a petty title of distinction, lower than a Rangga, in use about Buitenzorg and in the Prianger Regencies. The kanduruans have charge of the bridges and roads, and look after the watchmen. This word may perhaps be derived from Duruwa, Clough 278, a child, an infant with the Polynesian pre- and suffixes Ka and an, meaning thereby, young lads, the children of chiefs, employed to bring over the orders of such chiefs, by way of starting them in some useful employment. This however leaves the n between Za and Duruwa to be inserted Euphoniae gratiâ. Kang, with, by, to; as Kang aing, with or by me, meaning [ will take it. Itis perhaps in this sense only the preposition Ka with ng suffixed before a vowel. Kang, a familiar expression for Kaka, elder brother, A term of politeness addressed to a stranger, who is older than the speaker. Kangjëng, is a title applied to high personages, invested with power, and is used when speaking as well of native chiefson Java and Bali, as of the high European authorities, as the Governor General, or even the Residents. The etymon of the word may pro- bably be found in the word Jéng which ina vocabulary of Kawi words in Raffles vol 2 appendix Page 169 is given as the Woot, in the same way as Paduka has the same meaning, and is also applied to people of high rank; as if the speaker was unworthy to look higher or mention a more honourable part of the chief whom he adresses. It may in general terms be translated- v/lustrious. ‘The Kang prefixed to Jëng is proba- bly the Javanese Kang, who, which, that which, and placed before an active verb con- verts it into a substantive shape, as Kang nguchap, who speaks, the speaker. Kang to work for the prince and his innumerable attendants, who live all their days in idleness. Tanni in Ser. is not the same word, it means not a plant in general, but a peculiar kind of plant that can be of no particular use for the agriculturist. The comparison of this Ser. word with our tant, (written only by the present Javanese tanni), by Prof. T. Roorda falls thus to the ground Fr. AND ENGLISH. 197 patut, what is proper-proper, fit. R. van Eysinga's Javanese Dictionary 1835. Janghá C. 203. The calf of the leg. Kangjëng Sinuhun, a title addressed toan Emperor or king, and may be translated, „Your royal feet which are besought”. or in general terms. „Your illustrious Highness”. Kangkaréng, a variety of Buceros bird. Kangkong, a kind of frog or toad which makes a great noise in wet weather. Rather smaller than the Bangkong. Kangkowak, any seed or fruit which has sprouted, but only as yet got seedling leaves. Kangkung, Ipomaea reptans, a variety of Boléd, only itis smaller in both leaf and po- tatoe. It has a similar root. It can be dug in 4or 5 months, whereas Boléd riquires much longer time to come to perfection. Kangkurahan, to rince, to clean with water, especially a bottle. (Jav. aang Kurah, to rince the mouth. Also Kékurah). Kanigara, viz Kébo Kanigara, a chief of Pajang, second son of Andaya ning rat, by one of the daughters of Browijaya and the princess of Champa. K#an:, 158 the sun. Agara, C. 61, a house. The house or abode of the sun. Kaniki or Chikaniki, a river flowing from the Gunung Kendang over the Jambu Estate into Chidani river. The word Kaniki is not Sunda, but may be Sanserit and the feminine of Kanika Clough 103 very small. Mr. Friederich supplies me with the Sanserit word Kanika, a small particle. In the feminine, an atom, small, minute. The Chikaniki is only small in comparison with the Chidani into which it flows. Or the name may have originally attached to some of the upland branches of the stream The Chikaniki flows in front of the Passir Koléangkak on which is still found a rock fast in the earth bearing a Sanscrit inscription. Clough Page 158 gives KAanika from Kha- na, to dig, a miner, and also a rat, a house breaker; perhaps made K#aniki in the feminine for a river, and may have indicated the propensity of the river to undermine its banks, as nothing in the shape of a mine is known here. It may allude to the river having cut a deep bed in a narrow valley, as is the case in the upper part of its course. See voce Chikaniki. Kanta, signs, gestures, such as a dumb man makes. Kantéh, thread spun from cotton, twist, thread for weaving. Probably derived from Katinawa GC. 99 to spin as thread. Kantong, a pouch, a small bag of cloth which rolls up and in which are carried the Séurëuh apparatus, a few doits or other trifles. The Kantong is worn stuk in the belt or Béu- bëur. (Bat. idem.) Kantor, a government office. The Dutch word kantoor office; a place where public busi- ness Is transacted. Kanugrahan, in easy circumstances, in affluence, pleasant and easy. Anugraha, C. 29, favour, help, assistance, conferring benefits by promoting good and preventing ill. Kanya, a virgin, occursin the formation of some proper names in ancient history. Kanya, C. 104 a virgin, also one of the signs of the Zodiac-Virgo. 198 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Kanyaho, knowledge, understanding. Kula to bogah kanyaho I have no knowledge (of the matter.) Kanyahokéën, to recognize, to acknowledge, to impart knowledge, to communicate. Kanyaya- see kéniaya. Kanyut, a bag, a sack, a purse. Kapahili, taken by mistake; anything that is taken or done, under the impression of doing something else. Kapahilì ömah na mistaken in the house. (Jav. Hil, to give in exchange; ngilenni, to exchange, to indemmify. See Liru, which is the Ngoko-form.) Kapahung, lost in the forest; cast away in the wilderness. Kapaihan, swooned, fainted, lost consciousness. (Cf. Pajah Batav. Mal. exhausted , deadly sick, nearly gone. Fr.) Kapal, a ship, aseaship, asquare rigged vessel. Marsden says that Koppel is the Malabar for ship. It is properly a Tulugu word. Kappara, C. 105, aship, asloop. Kapal api, asteamer or more literally a fre-ship. The words are Malay but always used to denote asteamer. Kapal prang, a ship of war. Kapal sudagar, a merchant ship. Kapala, a chief, a headman; the best of anything, as of rice, tobacco, &c. the prime part. The word in Malay implies te head, but in Sunda has this meaning only figu- ratively, as Mulu is the word simply for head. Kapala, C. 105, the head, the skull. This resembles the Greek Kephale. Ka, CC. 117, the head, the body. Pala, C. 372 fruit, flesh. (Scr. Kapála means only the skull, the cranium.) Kapalang, not worth while, inopportune, any act undertaken which is suddenly impeded. Kapalang amat daik dî gawé dëwi, teréh burit, Itis not worth while beginning to work again, as it will soon be might. Jadî kapalang, It will not be worth while (as some- thing will intervene and prevent it.) (Jav. ensisanr MVgalangngi, to impede; palang, impediment.) Kapen, an idiomatic expression for confirming an assertion. Kapau gëus di béré, now have not I given it you. Can be best translated by-xow, as in the following example Kapau daik: haluar, now are not you going to leave your situation. (Kapan, ML. Jav. at what time, relatif and interrogatif; derived not from apa, but from puax, pon, demonstra- tiv, the original form in Kawi being kapuan Fr.) Kapanasan, heated, overcome with heat. Kapang, the Teredo navalis; the sea worm which bores so easily into wood and even into soft stone. Kapang'ërod, said when the feet get entangled in a rope, string, or jungle-rope, so as to impede walking. Kapanggih, to meet; met, come in contact with. Zilok kapanggih, 1 never met him. (Jav. Panggih, to find, to encounter.) Kaparék, near, in proximity. (Parëk Javan. id. Kr. Chakët= Mal. dëkat. This word un- dergoes a great variety of alterations, which itis to long to enumerate. From parëk- paràkkan, followers. Fr.) AND ENGLISH. 199 Kaparëk, serviceable, as a person who is in great request. Kapas, Cotton. Gossypium arboreum, and Gossypium Indicum, two varieties, the former perennial and growing in the villages about the houses; the latter an annual shrub planted in gardens made for the purpose. The name is probably of Indian origin and a modification of Karpasa, C. 110. Cotton. Vide kapuk. Kapas Chindé, a plant with a red flower, which yields a pod, with cottony filaments. Asclepias curassavica. Kapas mori, a good variety planted for its cotton. Most probably mort is meant for mouri, moorish, or from Mauritius, and has thus been introduced by Europeans. Kapéndak, met, encountered, stumbled on. (Pöndak ON the revolving of a cer- tain time; the coming back of the same time; after elapsing of (for instance eight days.) Jav.) Kapténg, sometimes, as the case may be. Kapöng na hadé, itis sometimes good. (C£ Jav. Balin. Kaping. (See beneath sub voce). Kapérad, met, spoken with; caught, secured. Kapidengklung, name of a tall tree in mountain forests bearing a small oblong- round fruit, consisting of a very hard stone covered with an acidulous pulp which is eaten. Often also wrongly called Kops Déngklung even by natives, because the fruit resem- bles that of the Coffee, and the initial Kaps is very close to Kops. The tree is also Suraléh. Kapidërëng, foolishly meddling with what does not regard us. Bn $9 - Kapikir, to have regret — on reflection to think otherwise. (Jav. Mal. Pikir. Arab. Mikr. ú cogitatio, attenta consideratio. Fr.) Kapila, a designation applied to certain black buffaloes which by some mysterious process gradually lose the black colouring matter of the hide, and turn wAite in blotches, espe- cially along the sides, on the neck and about the head. — (Kapila, Ser. means tawny.) Kapilangan, having become unconscious from sudden illmess or a fit, but come to life again. Fainted away. (From Jlang.) Kapinang'o, name of a forest tree which yields the disks for Pedaty wheels. Epicharis Altissima. Kapindis, the swallow which builds the „Edible birds nest’; also sometimes the house swallow, which builds its nest under the eaves of houses. Kapinéura, said of old and former seeds which sprout up after the land has been cleared of jungle; not intentionally planted, Kaping, properly composed of Ka and Ping. Ka is the preposittion to, unto- and Ping partakes of tne nature of an expletive which admits of no translation. Utah kaping haréup téëuyn, wlah kaping buri téuyn, Do not go too much in front, do not lag too far behind. (Kaping is principally used before numerals, and is related to ing, ring, in. Fr). Kapinis, the same as Kapindis, a swallow. Kapir, Arabic, an unbeliever, an infidel. One who denies the unity of the Godhead, and & the divine mission of Mohammed. Marsden Page 248. ( „A6 Kafi, infidelis.) 200 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Kapiran, disappointment, anything done contrary to expectation or desire. Ulah sia jadi kapiran, D'ont you cause disappointment. (Known at Batavia). Kapirang-pirang, how many, so very many. lt is of the same etymology as the Ja- vanese word Piro, how many, many- Piro-piro, multitude. Kapirang-pirang imah Eunyéuh, how many (or so very many) houses have fallen down. Kapisër, having become unconscious, but coming tolife again; apparent death- the same as Kaplangan. Kapitan, Captain. Kapitein, Dutch for captain. Kapitan-china, the Captain Chinaman. Kapiting, a Crab, a sea-crab. Cancer. (Mal. Batav. idem.) Kapo-ékan, overtaken by night; darkness closed in. Mad with rage, furious; dizzy, gìd- diness. The state of mind which precedes Amuk. (From Poë, night.) Kapoi, exposed to the sun. Zo lakw hapoi, it must not be exposed to the sun. Kapok, disgusted with anything so that you will have nothing more to do with it. Dis- continuing some act or offence in consequence of the penalty inflicted therefore. Ma- ling kébo éta to daiken kapok, they will not cease to steal buffaloes ( notwithstanding the punishment inflictedf or the offence.) Kapok ayéunah ngahéuréuian airg they now know better then to trouble me. — (Kapok, Batav. to become afraid, to get terrified from (doing anything) Kapok, Jav. to better, to amend himself, Gerick.) Kapol, the soft husk of a young Cocoa nut which is eatable. Kapol, Cardamums. Amomum Cardamomum. Kaponakan, third cousins, children of mindo. (From anak, prefixed kapua? At Bata- via and in the neighbourhood Kaponakan are the children of one's brother or sister ; kaponakan misan, children of a cousin. Fr.) Kaporod, stollen —a vulgar expression. Kaprah, of the average rate or quality; something that every one does; universally ad- mitted. Paré na kaprah, the paddy is an average crop-is fair. Kaprah lalaki Éwéan, men as a rule take wives. Nu sugih kaprah bogah kawasa, Rich men are universally admit- ted to have power. (Kapral, custom. usage. Jav. Batav.) Kapuah, an excessive quantity, a glut. Kapuah, used in Jampé and incantations, and seems to correspond with the Singhalese Kapuwa, a Demon priest, C. 105. (Might be the Kawi pronoun Kapua.) Kapuk, the cotton used for stuffing pillows, mattresses &c. Itis short in staple, and can- not be used for spinning. It is produced by the trees called Randu, and Randu lèu- weung, respectively Eriodendron Anfractuosum, and Bombax Malabaricum. See Randu. Kapu, C. 105, the silk cotton tree; cotton. Kapur Baros, Baros lime or Baros Camphor the produce ot the Dryobalanops Campho- ra. Baros is a place on the west coast of Sumatra where it is procured. Kapuru, C. 105. Camphor. (Scr. Karpúra, Camphor. Fr.) Kara, an idiomatic expression hard to translate. Lain karagoréng éta Dont you very well know that that is bad, It calls the attention of the hearer forcibly to some matter. EERE AND ENGLISH. 201 Sala kara nu to datang, who, pray, is it whoisnot come. The word kara may be the erude part of the word Karanawa, C. 108, to do, to act, to make, to perform. See Perkara. Karabu, an ear-ring with several stones or ornaments. Karabu-ros an earring with many ornaments. See Anting, which somewhat differs. (Los is the Dutch word roos, a rose.) Karak, pretty much of the same meaning as Kakarak, which see, and of which it ap- pears to be an abbreviation. Only now, just now, freshly, as yet. Karak datang, just come. Karak siji, as yet there is only one. Karaman, an idiomatie expression difficult to translate, but answers to- now that I think of it, now that 1 see it, &; it indicates surprise on the part of the speaker. Karaman Luur now that 1 see it, how high it is! Karaman ganchang, how quick it goes. Karamat, Arabic, a place of offering, a holy place; an intercedence, a miracle. The graves of holy men are called Kramat, and here offerings and prayers are put up Td d BN when the nativeisin difficulty. (el $, Karâmat, dignity, honour; plur. eolel,S ‚ ka- râmât, wonders edited by holy man, by their natural power. Fr.) Karang, a wart on the body. Karang, Coral rock, limestone rock in general found inland far from the sea. The coral rocks have no doubt obtained this name from exhibiting the appearance of a garden growing under the waves, consisting of branching corals, madrepores &c. Karang, a garden, ground laid out, or set in order like a garden. The natives call the Bantam hill Gunung karang, which thus properly means, Garden mountain, from its having, no doubt from an early period, been laid out in gardens, of which the Pep- per gardens still existed when Europeans first visited Java, and hence called by the Dutch the Peper berg. It is a volcanie mountain, and no Limestone isto be found near it. In the Sunda language there is also the word Pakarangan for the enclosure round the house of a great man, which see. The Malays use the word terkarang , set in order, arranged when speaking of a book; and mëngarang , to compose, to arrange either a book or other matter. Karang-sua, a sea urchin, called also Sasalakan. Cidaris. Karap, waxed threads used at the weaving loom. Karara-an, ill, in bad health. Sickness. Kararanggé, a red ant common on fruit trees in gardens which bites very hard. They cement the leaves of trees together to form their nests. Kararas, dry plantain leaves, used for tying up various articles, as we would use coarse paper. Kararawéah, Couhage; a fine slender liane bearing pretty looking pods of fruit in bun- ches, but which are covered with a fine hair or pilae, which sting and cause great itching. Mucuna pruriens, also Dolichos pruriens. Crawfurd gives Karawia as Arabie for Ca- raway, Carum carui, and our word looks like a plural of this word, though one night suppose that the Sundas would have au indigenous name for so virulent a native plant 26 202 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE, Karasak, a scratching noise, like that of arat. A moderate but sharp noise. Often used in the expression Karasak karésék, scratching and grating. Karasan, to have a pleasure in; to be delighted with. (From rasa, Ser. flavour, taste: taste, sentiment.) Karatan, only heard in the expression lain karatan, something which is so bad that it cannot be endured; too bad to be put up with. Karaton, the abode of a Ratu or native prince. A native palace. Karawachi, Pica; name of a pretty little bird like a magpie in miniature, not much larger than a sparrow. lt is found all over Java, and appears to exist on Sumatra, as Marsden at Page 840 gives the word Murei, a species of bird resembling a small magpie, commonly called the Dial bird. I saw it also in the garden of the factories at Canton. It is not known by this name at Jasinga, but by that of Manuk Haur, which see. Karawang, lattice work, Name of a district and chief place to the Eastward of Batavia. It obtains its name from the mouth of the Chitarum being rent and torn in sunder, or divided into many embouchures, where it flows into the sea. Rawang expresses the state of being torn or split. See Mawang. Karé-és, gravel, small stones-such as are laid down on a road or on a garden walk. Karéhkél, gravel, small stones. Karékéb, to eat, to munch, to gnaw. Karémbong, a long piece of cloth worn by a woman round her chest and breasts; a sort of scarf. Called in Malay Saléndang. Karëmi, small worms in children, Intestinal worms. (Ser. Krimi. Jav. Krimi and Körmi worms.) Karëndu, erumpled as a cloth; folded or gathered in plaits. Karépék, a wattled fence of split bambus set in ariver to intercept the passage of fish, whilst the water can flow on as usual. Karëpus, a cap‚ a night cap‚ a sailor’s cap. The article and name are both Batavian. Karésék, making a small noise, as of a mouse gnawing or the like. It is in a smaller degree, what Karasak is in a somewhat larger one. (Onomatopoetie word. Known at Batavia.) Karësil, shrivelled, small, diminutive; the remainder from which the larger ones have been picked out, Karét, name of a tree; Ficus elastica. India rubber or Gum Elastie, which is proeured from the Karét tree by tapping, when the sap runs out readily and soon coagulates into the gum which is seen in trade. Called also Kolélét. Karéumbi, a tree, Omalanthus Lechenaultianus. Kari, Carry. A common Indian dish made of fowl boiled up with several ingredients. Kari, and only, no more than, it only remains to. Kari sijt dé there is only one left. Kari ngahatéupan, only remains to put the ataps on (said of a house which is building AND ENGLISH. 205 and is otherwise complete) Kari in Ngoko— Kantun in Krama, T. Roorda Javanese Dictionary Page 172- to remain behind, to remain over; being left behind, remainder , remnant, residu, Karia, a festival, a great meeting for eating and drinking. Kariya, C. 120, a matter, an affair. Is derived from Karanawa to make, to do; and would thus be- a piece of work , something done- as natives generally call festivals Pakarjahan a piece of work. (63). Karinding, a musical instrument made of a tube of bambu about one foot long and one inch in bore, at the end of which is held a small instrument with atongue to it. This instrument is struck by the finger and blown upon, when a sound like a jew’s harp is produced. Karintil, the designation of a certain quantity of cotton threads: Ten karintil make one Tukèl or hank. Karisik, a thin variety of bambu. Karisut, wrinkles on face or skin. Said of a swelling which has gone down leaving the skin flabby. Karok, a variety of wild plantain; the fruit is not eatable, only the leaves are used for tying up articles. Karoya, a variety ofthe Ficus Benjamina. An ornamental tree resembling the Waringin. Kartu, Dutch kaart. Cards to gamble with; a map, a chart. Karuan, most assuredly, certainly; granted, conceded as in an argument; having a fixed idea or intention; decided. Pagawéan nana karuan, his work is decided, or has a use- ful tendency. fo karvan, at random, without thought. Lamun gëus karuan, if it is decided, if the matter has assumed shape. See Pua. Karuan is most likely derived from Ruwa, C. 597, an image, with the prefix Ka and suffix an, indicating an object, something visible, and thus affording certainty. (lt might be derived from rua Kawi, ro Jav.= dua, two; a thing which has a second, a consequence, which is not left un- done. Malay wis ‚ karuwan, thought, ideas, thinking; which might be conciliated with my derivation. Fr.) Karuchuk, stakes of wood used in a fence, in a dam in the river &c. Karuhun, forefathers; those who are further back than grandfather or grandmother. (Ka- ruhun in Kawi means formerly, before; the foremost. In Jav. exist different forms de- rived from ruhun or rihin.) (63) Kárya is a participle of the future time in the Passivum, and means what is to be done (faciendum); it is at Bali mostly employed for religious festivals, and the feasting is rather consi- dered as the secondary accessory thing. This word kárya, work, necessary business, (makárya to have such a business in hand), has been alterated in Malay into Körja, the y being replaced by the cognate palatal sound, as is sometimes the case in Malay, in opposition to Javanese and Ba- linese, Kérja means simply to work. Fr, 204 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE ‘ Karumpak, trodden down, as grass, straw or small bushes. Karundang, a variety of the eggplant: Solanum Involucratum. Karung, a bag, a sack. Karunya, grace, favour, indulgence, compassion. Karuna or Karunawa. C. 109, mercy, tenderness, eompassion. (Ser. Kärunya and Karuna, compassion, tenderness.) Karunya-an, to have mercy or compassion upon any one. Karusuk, to make a heavy duil sound, as of a man or animal walking in jungle. To grope your way through jungle. Karusukan, to grope or push your way through thick reeds or jungle. Karut, to twist and twine rope about anything; to make a net-work of rope round any- thing. Z'ampayang di karut, a large water jar set round with a matting of rope to prevent its breaking. Batu karut, a stone envelloped in matting, or rather as ssen in the jungle envelloped in a tangled mass of lianes. Kas, Dutch, a case, a chest. Kas, Arabic, the extremity of the law; law of retaliation; very rarely used. (Arab. LEE Pd pi Qicáe (also qacg) talio, vindicta. Fr.) Kasab, work, value, good. MNawun kasab, what is the good of it. Kasaksian, witnessed by, borne evidence by, attested by. Kasakstan ku mandor, wit- nessed by the mandor, or village chief. (From Ser. Sáfshin, Nom. Sâkshi, a witness; sa, with, afshi, eye.) Kasaktian, supernatural power, enchantment. (From (Cakti, id.) Kasampak, met, fallen in with, come upon, encountered. Kasandung, stumbled, tripped up, run unintentionally against some low object on the ground. (Saxdung, oan to stumble against astone, or any object on the ground Jav.) Kasang, curtains, screens. Panggo-ongan gëus di kasangan the shed where the gong is played has been hung round with curtains. MKasang ratu, curtains for a prince. Kasangsang, caught, hooked, arrested; said of a rope, clothes or any object which is caught against something else. fali na kasangsang ka na ruyuk, the rope has caught among the bushes. Kasantap, to get an attack of illness as if caused by some evil genius. Suddenly struck ill, paralyzed. Kasap, sharp and rough to the feel, harsh, biting like a file. (Kasap and Kasab Jav. id.; rough, not smooth.) Kasar, rude, uncivil. (Batav. Malay ps Kàsar, rough, used also of cloth or other mat- ters. Fr.) Kasarang, as when a man or woman wants to get married and is refused; jilted. (Sarany Jav. to have a dislike, to be not inclined to.) Kasarikat, see Sarikat. Kasaru, to mistake, to take the wrong one from two or more objects which are very much alike; not recognize, as a person heard of but never seen, AND ENGLISH. 205 Kasarung, probably the same as Kasarw with the nasal and final ng suffixed, and may then imply- travestied, disguised. The word occurs only in the history of Pajajaran as Lutung kasarung, see Raffles Vol. 2 Page 102. „Guru Putra then gave Chiung Wana- ra a black monkey skin jacket, which the latter forthwith put on and immediately became in appearance like that animal. He, at the same time, gave him the name of Guru minda sida tanda Prabu Lutung Kasarung”. Kasasar, gone astray, wandered till lost, lost the way, bewildered , embarrassed, perplexed. (Jav. Batav. id.) Kasöbét, a small bit cut off, just touched, grazing upon. (Jav. shamy, SÈbit, torn in pieces, a piece torn off.) Kasëödék, pinched for time, in a great hurry; jammed in difficulties. (aram, SdEk in Kawi is the same as EAN s'déng, which occurs also in Jav. and Malay, but means only at the time that, when. Fr.) Kaséndal, work finished in proper time, got through early. (Sènda/ daarm maps Jav. to be prosperous in an undertaking.) Kaséntor, to come and meet. Kasép, handsome, good looking, said of a man, but not of a woman whois gëulis, which see. Said also of some things but rather ironically. Kasép amat perkara na, his ad- venture (or his story) is very handsome. He has got a very pretty adventure! Kasëépuhan, the old gentleman; a respectful designation for an oldman. (Sépuh, Jav. old.) Kasërahk&én, delivered up, handed over. (Sérah, Mal. id.) Kasiat, for the reason that, seeing that. Kastat sasari na to daikkän for the reason that ordinarily he will not. Kasibat, overcome by dizziness in the head, from exposure to the sun. Struck by the sun. Kasih, affection, love, compassion. Kasih na gödé nakér ka nu löutik, he has great com- passion on humble people. Kasihan, compassion, mercy, consideration. Ménta kasihan tuan bai, I entreat your mercy. Kasikëp, to be able to manage, to be master of, to have within one's power. Pagawéan éta to kasikëp, that work cannot be managed. Kasikëp ayëunah kabéh, we are now master of the whole. Kasimah, terrified, afrighted, overcome by sudden and great terror, Paralyzed, frightened out of his wits. Ari ngadeng’'t soara maung tSulëui kasimah, as soon as he heard the roar of the tiger he became terrified, or frightened out of his wits. Kasingsal, overlooked, missed. Kasintu, a variety of wild jungle fowl of which the cock is small and red with black tail. Different from the Chauggehgar. Kasir, name of an orthopterous insect, a kind of large cricket or Gryllus. Itis full 1! mech long and thus a good deal larger than the Jangkrik, which it otherwise resembles. The kasir burrows deep in the ground, whereas the Jangkrik is generally about the surface, or in shallow holes. 206 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Kasmaran, a Jampé so called, the tendency of which is that no one will take offence at us. Also a Jampé by which one person is made to fall in love with another. This is derived from Kama the god of love who is also called Sang Hyang Smara. Bat. Trans: Vol. 22 Page 42. A philtre, alove charm. Samara, C. 710, having the passions unsubdued. See Asmara. Samara, C. 709, a name of Kama, the deity of love; with the Polynesian prefix ka, and suffix an == Kasmaran. Kaso, called in Malay, Glaga, Saccharum glaga; a reed which grows very luxuriantly, and to the height of ten or adozen feet, forming almost impenetrable bushes. Though a variety of the sugarcane, the Kaso contains no saccharine matter, and is not thicker than a man’s finger, Kasa, C. 122, a kind of ree d or long grass (Saccharum Spontaneum). Kasongkét, an arëui or liane with athick stem from which project aseries of small pe- dieles 14 à 2 inches long, which are covered with small flowerlets. Kasongkét, is also the name of atall reedy grass, with long terminal hairy or feathery spike which is white and looks like a hairy cats tail. Kasturi, musk, such as procured from animals — from the civetcat. Kasturu and Kas- turyya, C. 116. musk, civet. (Skr. Kastûrt, Kastûriká and Kasturikâ, musk, the ani- mal perfume so called. Wilson.) Kasugihan, riches, wealth, opulence. (Sugih, Jav. Balin. Rich, opulent.) Kasuhur, renowned, celebrated, famous. Arabie Mashur, Marsden P. 324. Oe Mash- hûr; our word is rather derived from the substantive de Shuhrat, divulgation, fame, with the Polynesian Prefix ka. Fr.) Kasumba, and also kasumba-jawa, safflower. Carthamus tinctorius. Kasumbha, C.… 134 Carthamus tinctorius (Ser. Kusumbha. Wilson.) Kasungka, name of a liane inthe jungle which givesan edible bean. Gnetum latifolitum. Kasur, a mattress, a bed made of cloth stuffed with cotton. (Jav. Mal. id.) Kasura, to get a small spine or thorn stuck in the foot. Wounded in the foot by any small sharp thing. Kasurupan, to become impregnated with to be possessed of; absorbed , sunk into; set as the sun. Kaswrupan dëdéwan, to be possessed of a supernatural spirit, of some evil genius. Kasurupan mata poi di jalan, the sun set while I was yet on the road. (Surup Jav. To get into, to get through; to go under, said of the sun.) Kasusahan, in trouble, in difficulties, perplexed, down cast, afflicted. (From Susah.) Kasut, embroidered slippers, such as worn by Chinese women of note. Katagian, to have an involuntary longing for anything to wluch we are accustomed, and which we cannot resist, as the longing of a drunkard for liquor, of an opium smoker for opium, and the like. Derived from the word Zag? to dun, to bother for payment or performance of any duty. (Jav. anoms, Magih, from Zagih with the same meaning as here Tagi. Katagian is used at Batavia, Fr.) AND ENGLISH. 207 Katalang, replaced by, to have got a substitute, Derived from the word Talang, a spout, and the idea implies —as water is carried over a hollow by aspout, so weare carried over a difficulty by the aid of some one else. Katalang ku minantu, relieved from some publie duty by a son in law. The son in law performing the the publie duty relieves his father in law from the obligation. A custom common at Jasinga and many other parts of the Sunda districts. The son in law relieves the father of his ‚wife, but not his own father from the performance of feudal service. (Palang in Jav. has the same meaning; Nalang’ng'i, to order somebody to relieve ones self in the per- formance of a duty; also to give orders to buy. In the last acceptation tâlang is found in Malay Fr.) Katalimbëng, lost in a forest so that the person cannot find his way home. The natives pretend that this is in consequence of stepping overaliane called aréui Bandéng which in a manner charms them. (From a root Pimbëäng; al infixed.) Katambahan, augmented, increased; something in addition. (From Fambah, to add.) Katang'én, known, seen, evident. (Zaugi, Jav., to become awake, to rise.) Katapang, name of a tree bearing a fruit like an almond. Terminalia katapang. Katara, visible, clearly seen, manifest, espied. (From Ser. Zúra, radiant, shining; clean , clear. Jav. Balin. Batav. idem.) Katé, dwarf, small in stature, diminutive. (Batav. id. Jav. A small cock or hen. Gericke.) Katéla, of nearly the same import as katara. Visible from a distance, clearly seen. Katëlah, called after, named from. Katëlah ku anak, called after a child. The Sundaese have a practice which is the reverse of what is usual among Europeans. The father and mother are called after the eldest child. Thus if that child is called amat, the father will be Bapa Hamat, add the mother Ambu Mamat, the father or the mother of Ha- mat. But the word father or mother is often dropped, causing much confusion as to identity. This is an affectionate way of always acknowledging a child, which however, at same time conveys the pride of parentage. Katépa, infected with any disease; infected by contagion. Katépéng, a shrub producing a largish bright yellow flower, called also Daun kurap, or ringworm leaf. Acacia alata, Katétésan, to get adrop; to have adrop fall upon you. Tobe implicated in any matter. (Jav. enamaap Fitis, to drop.) Kati, a catty, a weight so called; the 100tt. part of a Picul, which see. Katia, a bark used fordying black. Imported, not found in the Sunda Jungles. Katib, Arabic. A clerk, a priest's assistant; a preacher. (eel Khâtib, the priest who reads the Khutbat or the sermon of the Friday. Fr.) Katiga, the dry season, from June to September. It is a remnant of the old Javanese method of counting the seasons, of which the other terms are not retained in the Sun- da language. Katiga means- „the third” (Season). (On Bali and Java the third month.) 208 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Katimang, the oval ring of iron resembling an elongated O, which fixes into the splinter bar of a Chinese plough, by which the buffaloe dragsit. The Katimang hooks the splin- ter bar upon the Chantél, which is a erooked bit of iron fixed to the end of the pole of the plough. (Zimang Jav. A hook.) Katimpahan, struck, knocked down, overwhelmed. (Batav. id.) Katimun, more usually Mantimun, a Cucumber, which see. Katindihan, covered up by, buried under, placed under. Katindilan ku kayu éunyéuh, knocked down by a tree falling. (Malay Batav. id. Jav. odafngn Mindih to lay over.) Katinéung, to feel a delight at seeing or meeting any one; also at the mere remembrance of any one to whom we are attached; bearing affection. In the language of Poggi, on the west coast of Sumatra, Zénung is the heart, and our Sunda word looks as if it were this same word with the constructive ha before it, and would thus imply, heart- jelt or having relation to the heart, the seat of the emotions. Kating'ali, beheld, seen, observed. A refined expression. (Zing'al, Jav., as a verb ning’al, to see; Balin. &ng’Aal id. Fr.) Katinggalan, left behind, lagging behind on the road. Deserted, Jauh kénéh katingga- lan nana, he was left a long way behind. Katinggalan nana, its remainder, what is left over. (From Zinggal.) Katinggang, see Ninggang; under the influence of; fallen to the share of. Katir, outriggers of a boat; arms distended on each side of a small canoe to prevent its upsettin g. Katiwasan, overtaken by some serious injury. (Twas, Jav. unlucky, unfortunate. Balin. poor, wretched. Fr.) Katog, strong, of great strength. (Jav. Full grown.) Katon, visible, within sight, seen. (From Zon, Non, to see. Jav.) Katomas, name of a handsome variety of Justicia. The leaves are mottled yellow and green, or gold and green; it is an ornamental shrub, Katrajang, overtaken by, suffering under, attacked by. Katrajang OCha-ah, overtaken by a flood. Katrajang nyëri béutung, suffering a belly ache. Katrajany hu nu ngabégal, attacked by banditti. (Jav. Trajang, attack in battle; Nrajang, to attack.) Katukang, Ka to, with Fukang, see behind. Katumbila, a stinking louse found about old bambu flooring, in native houses. Cimex. Katumbiri, the rainbow. Apparently compounded of Katz, C. 101 a woman; lustre, effulgence, a ray of the sun; and Biri, C. 473 a woman, a wife. The two words being connected by the peculiar Sunda vm which see, and is thus- the effulgence of woman. The natives have an idea that the rainbow is caused or happens whenever the Badiyadart or celestial nymphs are bathing. Katumpuhan, being answerable for, liable for; anything lost or destroyed which has to be replaced by the person destroying it. (Jav. Témpah, Tatémpuh, Tatämpah, repla- indemnification.) cing, AND ENGLISH. 209 Katunchar, Coriander seed. Coriandrum sativum. (64). Katung, a joint of bambu tied up to the Pager or wall of a native house, in which small valuables are kept. Katunggu, watched, guarded, to be kept in order, properly superintended. Katungku, said of a buffaloe which appears to be ailing, and which it is thought pru- dent to kill for fear of its dying, whereby the flesh would be lost, if the animal was not killed according to Mohammedan rites. Katut, going in at the bargaiu; sold along with something else. Béas di juwal katut | jéung karung na, the rice was sold along with the bag. Katuwon, inward sorrow, regret. Ka-ubër, roused up, stirred up, put to rout. ST Kaul, arabie. Marsden. A written agreement, contract, engagement. (45 Qaut,‚a saying, word. Kaula, IT myself. A humble designation of self, whereby the speaker places himself be- low the person whom he adresses. Itis still more humble than Kula, of which it seems to be a modification. Kaulkëén, to make a promise or engagement. SCT Kaum, arabic, an assembly of priests or men met for the purpose of prayer. (es Qaum, people.) Kaur, having time, having leisure. Zo kaur, I havenotime. (Kahur Jav. time, leisure.) Kaus, a stocking, such as worn by Europeans. It is the Dutch word kous, stocking. Kawa, the Crater of a Volcano. Kawa, C. 115, a circle. Perhaps the name was applied to the craters of Volcanoes from their being generally circular openings on the tops of the mountains. (Perhaps a derivation from the Ser. root ku, to sound. Fr.) Kawa Domas, name of one of the craters on the Tangkuban Prahu. Kawah, a large cooking pan, a sugarpan. This and the precending word appear to be distinct, though so nearly allied in both sound an sense. The latter word, however, is always aspirated at the end which the other is not. Kawai, the Baju or jacket of a native nobleman. Kawalahan, overdone with work; having more trouble and work than can be got through; overtasked. Kawalu, and Kawalu tutug, are great festivals of the Badu: heathens in South Bantam. Fhis Kawalu sounds like a Sunda form of the Javanese Wolu, Eicht, and thus kawa- (64) Jav. Malay Katumbar. There is a very remarkable exchange between ben chin Malay and Sundanese. See Ohangkuduto Mal. Bangkudu; Changkwang - Bangkwang. The letters B en Ch seeming to be very distant from each other, must have been considered or rather felt by the natives to be cognate. I know no Analogon of their exchange in other languages, who are cognate to each other, they are the one a Media the other a Tenuis of another class, Fr. 27 210 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE ‚Ju, would be the Eighth. Perhaps originally these festivals were kept in an eighth month. (65). Kawan, five nyéré of thread; and expression among the weaving women. Kawan, a companion, an associate. Rarely used, being considered Malay, nevertheless the word occurs in Pandakawan which is a good Sunda expression, which see. Kawas, as, like, resembling, as if, to bear the appearance of. Kawas za to daik magyar, he looks as if he did not intend to pay. (Perhaps from dwas Jav. clear, manifest.) Kawasa, having power, or authority; able, capable; might, ability. Probably derived from wasa, C. 630, authority, mastership; with the constructive ka placed before it to give it an adjective form. (Jav. Mal. Kawasa and Kuwasa.) Kawat, wire, fine drawn thread of any metal, but without a qualifying noun, generally means Jron wire. Kawat tambaga, brass wire. Kawatir, to have any anxiety about, doubt, distrust. To be troubled with uncertainty how a matter will turn out Ulak kawatir, you need not be in trouble about it. (Jav. Kuwatir, afraid, fearing danger.) Kaw-auw-oh, a liane, the bark of the root of which is used to prevent Kawung toddy from turning sour. Kawawa, to bear, to endure. Zo kawawa, Ï c'ant endure it. It is more than I can carry. (Jav. Kuwawa, to be able to do, to be in state of doing anything.) Kawawëuhan, acquaintance, any person with whom we are aequainted. (Jav. Wawuh, to have acquaintance, to be friend of.) Kawayah, intermittent. Muriang kawayah, the intermittent fever, Kawël, to tie or fasten by twisting and turning round with string. (Jav. Kuwùl.) Kawih, to sing, to warble. Kawi, C. 115. Poetry, songs &c. a learned or wise person. Kawiyama, C. 122, a poem, poetry. Kawya, C. 122, a poetical composition, a poem. Kawi, without the final\aspirate is no doubt the same word and implies the old lan- guage of Java, in which the Hindu hiterature is preserved, and which was in use as connected with the Hindu religion. (Kawi Scr. a poet.) Kawin, Persian, to marry, to wed, to espouse. The usual term for to marry in both Sunda, Javanese and the Malay of Java. Ngawin in Sunda and Javanese is to carry spears in procession, and Pangawinan are the people who so carry the spears. May not this have arisen from carrying spears in procession when the men (the intended father and son- in law) go to confirm the marriage. See Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch (65) Walu is the Kawi-form of wolu; it is written also wwalu. Kawalu might be also the eighth day of a month, the Hindu festivals being more commonly called after the day (of the white or black half) of the moon, on which they happen. This custom we find back on stone inscriptions of Java and Sumatra. The eighth day is indeed a holy-day, being the commencement of a new phase of the moon. Fr, AND ENGLISH. 211 Indië Oct. 1852 Page 275 where mention is made of „4 aween pieken”, four awin spears, and of „2 awinans” or attendants as occurrying at Grissée. In the Sunda dis- triets you still see the intended father in law, with a spear in his hand, go to the priest, followed by his intended Son in law, when the legal form of the marriage takes place. See Nikah. Kawinkën, to cause to marry, to marry out. Kawini, a variety of mangga, mangifera. A true Terebintacea being very turpenting. Kawista, name of a large tree which yields a gummy matter used in making native ink. Kawul, a sort of tinder procured from scraping the root part of the leaf branch, or frond, of a Kawung Palm. A spark.of light struck from a steel is caught upon it, when fresh fire is made. Kawung, name of a Palm tree so called, which yields sugar. Saguerus Saccharifera or Borassus Gomuti. Called Arén or Axau in Malay. The Sugar is boiled down from „the toddy which exudes from the stems of fructification, on being beaten and sliced oft every day. Kawung Parasi, a poor ill grown kawungpalm which yields little or no Sugar. Kayang, some of the wild varieties of Quercus trees are so called. Kayangan, the abode or temple of a yang or divinity. Kayu, wood, timber; sometimes used for a tree in general. Kha appears to be wood in Burmese. See Singapore Journal Vol 4 Page 59 where Pheet-Kha is given, a bitter wood. Theet is evidently the Singhalese Jitta, C. 281, bitter, pungent. Au nunu, the name of the Waringin tree at Luetta and Kissa of the Serwatti group, east of Ti- mor. Aw signifies tree- Singahore Journal Vol 4 Page 181. Now the word kayu ap- pears to be a compound of these two words, K%a and aw y inserted euphoniae gratia. Or it may be simply aw with the idiomatic ka prefixed. Kayu is an idiomatie term for counting certain substances which fold up flat like a board, especially piece goods. Cluta sa kayu, a piece of Chintz. Kayu-putih, literally- white wood. The tree grows in the Moluccos; and on Java the words kayu-putih, as in Europe, mean the essential oil derived from the tree. It is the Cajeput of Europe. Melaleuca Cajeputi. Kéak, to chirp hike a bird; to make a small chirping or squeaking sound. Këbat, straight on without divergence; in a due straight line. Këöbat bat ngidul went South in a due straight line. Kébél, a long time, a good while. Undur na geus kEbÈl, it is a good while since he went away. Sa këbël, as long as. Kébo, a buffaloe, in Malay Karbau. This animal is also called munding in Sunda. Bos Bubalus. Karabha, C. 108, a Camel, an Elephant, probably derived from Karanawa, C. 108, to do, to act, to make, to perform-, and thus a working animal. (66). (66) Karabha Ser. A young Camel, or any young animal; a young Elephant, Also Kalabha. I Dep, A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Këbo, a title given anciently to Javanese chiefs, and is the sameas Maisa, meaning Buf- faloe. Munding another word for Buffaloe was also formerly used to designate the chiefs. Lèémbu a bull or cow, also occurse in a similar way in the composition of the names of ancient chiefs. Këbo has had also extensive application in this sense on Bali. See Bat. Trans. Vol 23 Page 24. It occurs in the history of Java, see Raffles Vol 2 Page 105 in the name of Kébo Mundarang, the minister of the king o Ködiri, and again Page 135 in the person of Kébo Kanigara, the chief of Pajang. The word Kabu given in Raffles is no doubt meaut for Kébo. Kébo-grang, name of a fish at Jasinga; the same as Sanggaringan. Kébon, a garden, a plantation, a cultivated bit of ground. The same word is also Mals It might have been expected that the islanders would have had a pure Polynesian word for such a thing as a garden, or bit of planted land, but nevertheless Kébon seems to have borrowed its root from the Sanscrit Bu the Earth, the world, Clough 477, and with the constructive Ka before and an after, would make Kabuan, the w anda, by a very common rule coalesce, and form O, making thus Kabon or Kébon, a bit of earth, a bit of land- a garden. Keébut, to be blown about by the wind. To fan, to blow up a fire. Kébutan, to fan, to cause a current of wind to pass over anything by waving some in- strument by way of a fan. To dust, to blow away the dust. Kéechap, Catchup, a dark coloured sauce prepared by the Chinese. Këéchap, to speak, to utter a word. Sa këöchap, a word. (Mal. Jav. Kawi Uchap, word, tale; Kochap, spoken. Köéchap, Jav. the act of opening and elossing the mouth when pronouncing a word. The following article is certainly the same, the time for pronouncing a word being no more than the twinkling of the eye. Fr.) Këchap, a twinkling of the eye; any short space of time; immediately. Köchërik, a small variety of hand fishing net. Kédèéngan, to lie down upon. Meja di këdöngan, he laid himself down upon the table. Kédéngkën, to lay down, to place inareeumbent position. Kèdénghèn di na méja, lay it down flat upon the table! Këédér, fearful, uneasy in mind, startled. Kédih, firm in character, not to be talked over. Kèdiri, name of a residency at the east end of Java, and the supposed site of the ancient kingdom of Daha, It was here that a remarkable woman, called Ksl-Suchi, lived, would neither pretend, that karabha is our karbau, notwithstanding that in a similar way the Western nations called the Elephant »Indian ox” (Aleph Hindi, Pott.) the Romans even »bos Lu- canus” because they had seen the animal first in Lucania in the war with Pyrrhus: nor that the word karabha or karbau is derived from the root kri, to do, to work. The buffaloe is known in India and his principal name is makisha, which is well known on Java and Bali. We might leave the karbau (këbo) to the Polynesians, even as the word Munding. Fr. AND ENGLISH. 218 vide voce: and with reference to her failine g, the natives of the country say that the country obtained its name, as Kèédih in their language means- the stoppage, or rather non-appearance of the menstrual flux. Mori or im is envy, and thus that Kèdori im- plies the stoppage above alluded and envy of others at the same time. Miri, C. 794 is also shame, confusion, and Kedsh-hiri would express-shame at not having the flux. Clough Page 158 gives Khadiri, a sensative plant, mimosa pudica, which would not be a bad emblem of Kili Suchi in her distressing position, Kili Suchi was not allowed to sacrifice herself on the funeral pile of her parents, in consequence of which, she is said to have borne great ill will, and thus may account for the 7 or hiri in Ködih-iri. (Khadirt, mimosa pudica. Wilson. Jav. daan, Kédiri, wherein the n (dh) seems to in- dicate, that the Ser. word contained an aspirated letter. Fr.) Ködokan, a muddy hole that a buffaloe wallows in any ground or road kept muddy and cut up by the constant passage of buftaloes or other animals. Kéduk, to pull towards you, either with your hands, or with some instrument, as with a pachul, to scrape aside. Leéutak na kudu dö ködukan, you must serape the mud on one side. Kéh, an interjeetion. Do you see! look now! Kéhéd, glans penis. Kéhkél, name of a small fish in rivers. Kéjëp, a twinkling, a wink of the eye; usually Sa kéjëp, any very short space of time. Jav. Kéjëp and Kéjep id. Vide Aëchap.) Kéjo, boiled rice, rice boiled fit for eating; called in Malay Mass. Kék, the idiomatie expression of laying hold of- seize hold! lay hold! Kék bai de chökël, and laying hands on him he seized him. Kékéb, a variety of Séuréuh found growing wild in the forests. It is used when the true leaf is scarce or not to be had. Chavica Blumei. Kékéd, having the fingers cramped or drawn together by disease. Dak kekéd, may I have my fingers cramped—a serious but common expression when a man wishes to insist upon the truth of what he says. (Jav. Kékét, to stick to each other.) Këkéjoan, the white frothy juice which fiest flows from the fruit stem of the Kawung palm, when cut for gathering the toddy to make sugar. This will not boil down to sugar and is thrown away. lt is soon succeeded by more pure juice from which the sugar ìs made. Kékéng, the bit of a bridle. Kékëng rang’ah, a bit set with iron points, called in Malay Zom duri, used much by the natives. (Tom is the Dutch woord toom, bridle. Fr.) Kékéng chaching, literally- a worm bit, and thus smooth, A. smooth bit such as used by Europeans. Kékés, a variety of small squirrel, Sciurus; found in the jungle. It resembles the Bu-ut but is smaller, 214 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Kökétég, the pulse, the beating of the blood. (Jav. Kötèg id.) Kékompongan, the flank of either man or beast. Theside of lower part of belly. (Jav. Këémpong, the milt, the bladder; Kékëmpongan, would be the side, the place about the milt or bladder. Fr.) Keélalén, forgotten, Compounded of Ka-lali-an. The word Za however, is of rare occur- rence in Sunda for- to forget, which it more especially impliesin Javanese. The com- mon Sunda word being Poho. Këlang, dry, desiccated. Këlar, to have an affection for. Kélar ka Pajajaran to feel affection for Pajajaran. (Jav. To have sufficient power, to be able.) Këlat, to connect with a bit of string; to tie lightly with a bit of string to fix to any- thing by tying down. A string used as a brace. (Jav. A ring, a string etc.) Kélé, a bit of bambu, as much as is contained between two joints, used for holding wa- ter. Keél®s are always seen about the doors of native houses, to hold water to wash the feet with. Kalé C. 114- a water pot. Kélék, the armpit. Di kélék, to carry under the arm. Kélém, sunk under water, covered by water, inundated. (Jav. id, also tosink under the sand. Batavian Tangh'lém.) Kéléngar, swooned away, fainted; in a fit and not recognizing people. (Jav. Mal. id). Kélëétik, to extract oil from Cocoanuts by rasping the pulp and then boiling it down, as contradistinguished from dt kampa, to procure the oil by squeezing in a press. Keléwëk, Pichung nuts prepared for cooking by drying over fire and then burying in the earth for a couple of months, or else they are poisonous. Kéëlid, toward off, to parry. Këlinchi, a hare, a rabbit; derived from the Dutch word Kleintje, a little one. Kélong, Satan, the devil, evil spirits or genil. Këlor, name of a tree Moringa Pterygosperma. The bark of the root of this tree rasped in shreds looks like and tastes like horse- radish, and is sometimes eaten with roast beef in same manner. Kémang, an inferior variety of mangga, Mangifera foetida. Kémat, to influence, to be will disposed towards others. An incantation to induce others to marry you. Kémbang, a flower, blossom, the choice of anything. Gunung kembang flowery mountain. Këmbang or kambang may be derived from ka, the preposition, and Bazg or abang, red. Kémbang ang’in, literally- the flower of the wind, means private information, secret no- tice. Kèémbang pala, mace; literally — the flower of the nutmeg. Kèémbang Sapatu, the shoe flower, Hibiscus, Rosa- Sinensis. The red flower rubbed on leather serves as blacking, hence the name. It is properly Malay and called more usually in Sunda, Wéra. AND ENGLISH. 215 Kémbar, twins, two children at one birth. Këémbu, a large standing pannier used in boats to collect and retain fish, as it is caught with the casting net. Derived in all probability from Buwu with the preposition ka. Kémbung, swollen up, inflated, blown up, distended. Kèëmbung, a small sea fish so called. Kéméja, a shirt, as worm by Europeans. Camisa, Port: a shirt. (See Kauméja.). Kèéëméndur, a commodore, a title given to some petty native chiefs about Batavia. Is the Dutch word Commandeur, Këmit, a watchman about a dwelling house or store. A watchman in general, and espe- cially at night. (Jav. Kémit, to watch at wigth.). Kémpés, small in volume, in a small compass. Said of a swelling which has gone down; reduced as a swelling. Këmpis a small pannier to collect fish in as caught. It has a wide bottom and narrow neck, like a bottle. Kémpolkëén, to bend aside; to turn away or aside. Kémudi, a helm, a rudder; a paddle or sweep to steer with. (See Kamudi.) Kén, a particle placed after a word, which then becomes a transitive verb; as goréng, bad, goréngkën, to make bad. Suka, pleasure, sukakën, to grant, to have pleasure in Kéncha, left, the reverse of richt. Lèungan tò kéncha, the hand on the left, the left hand. Ka kéncha, to the left. Kéncha-an, to stretch out a rope in order to mark out work, where to cut the ground. To line out ground for a garden bed or the like. Kénchang, fixed, fast, firmly set in, tight. Quick, expiditions, smart, Severe, strictly adhering to regulations. Kénchangan, to set fast, to tighten. To hurry. Kénehéng, money down; for ready money, for cash. Kénchérkë&n, to turn out cattle from the Kandang, stable or place of confinement. To turn out to graze. Kéëndak, a paramour. Këndal, name of a district in the resideney of Samarang. In a country where so many remains of Hindu antiquity are found, it is not unreasonable to suspect a Hindu ori- gin in all names of places which are not evidently Polynesian. Crawfurd gives Kën- dalisada, name of the country of Hanuman in the Ramayana; name of a mountain'in the province of Samarang in Java and from this probably our Kéndal is derived. Kéndang, a roll or large package of anything. A roll of merchandise. Kéndang, a long narrow native drum only covered at one end, and often carried suspen- ded under the arm. Kéndang, viz. Gunung Kèndang, the name of a ridge of mountains which extends the whole lenght of Java, and is found of various elevations, from a few hundred to se- veral thousand feet. If is, as it were, the backbone of the Island of Java. It forms 216 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE the boundary ridge between Jasinga and the Prianger Regencies, and is there about 5000 feet high. In the residency of Sourabaya, there are also Gunung köndang which are a few hundred feet above the sea. lt is probably derived from Kanda, C. 104, ahill, with the Polynesian ng added to it; in the same way that it is supposed the Malay word Padang, a plain, is derived from Pada, C. 357 meaning a place, a scite. Khandha, C. 158, a multitude, the trunk of a tree- and hence the multitude of moun- tains, or the mountains in ridges like the trunks of trees. Mr. Friederich writes me— ‚„Khanda (masculine and neuter Khandam) means, a piece, a part, a fragment, a por- tion, a chapter, a section (Kèndang?). The root is Khad, to devide, to tear, to break off; a part, a piece. Khanda, Clough Page 157 has precisely the same meaning, word for word. Kéndi, a water goglet, an earthenware jar with along narrow neck for holding drinking water. Kéndiya, C. 186, a water goglet. Kundhò is the water pot carried by Siwa, as represented in images of this god, at the old Hindu temples in Java. Marsden gives this word as Kundi, Gundi and Gindi (Kondu in Greek, Poculum barbaricum, Persicum, certe aslaticum) a water-pot, Earthenware bottle, ewer. (Scr. kundî.) Kéndit, a piece of string which is worn round the hips by way of a charm. Most native women wear a Kéndit under their clothes. Këéndor, slaek, wanting in tightness; remiss, negligent, slow. Këéndoran, to ease off, to slacken, to be less severe. Kénéh, still, in eontinuance. Madé kénéh,itisstill good. Tahan kénéh, it will still hold out. Kéngkérang, the shoulder blade, the bone which joins the shoulder to the neck. Kéniaya or Kanyaya, to oppress, to ill use, to tyrannise over; to persecute. Aniya, C. 29 a common word for violence or power, to which is thus prefixed the Polyne- sian Ka, and an ertra ya put at the end. Kéning, as di kèning, to cut and trim the eyebrows, as young coquette native girls do. See di dahs. Kénjéng, a title for high personages invested with power, and is applied as well to na- tive chiefs on Java and Bali, as also to the Huropean authorities, such as the Resi- dents. Jërg in the Kawi of Java means foot, and thus the great man is designated by a part of his body not higher than the foot, as inferiors are considered unworthy to look higher. Kénong, a small round and convex metal musical instrument, belonging to a gamëlan. Kéntang, Potatoes, any tuberous root of the Solanum kind. Kéntang, Chinese Cash, being a mixed metal, of which copper is the chief ingredient, with a square hole in the middle to string them by. Probably in common use in Java before the arrival of Europeans, as it is still to this day on Bali and Liombok. Called also Pichis and kupang. Kénténg, a tile, a roofing tile. Köéntrung, the dull hollow sound of the stampers in the rice bloek, Any dull sound. _Ì AND ENGLISH. Dl Kényang, to pull at, to lug, to tug. Kényéré, name of a tree with tough elastic wood. Kéong, a small shell fish found in swamps; a variety of Ampullaria. A snail; any small land molusk in a shell. Képang, a peculiar kind of bambu platted work (Bilik, which see), which is the best and most substantial sort which is made. Képék, a sort of bambu basket with cover, the sides and top of which are covered with the cuticle of the branches of the Sarai palm, and which are impenetrable to water. The natives use Köpéks, as we use portmanteaus for carrying about their clothes and other personal effects. Képéng, any small copper coin, which is not a Dutch doit; any trifling value. Hayang nyiar pikulihtun sa hépéng, Ï want to seek work as a cooly, if it be but for a trifle. Keépél, a young foal, with long shaggy hair. Keépér, generally called Ki-köpêr, a large forest tree. Or properly the bark of the tree which is stringy, and taken off in large pieces to be used as a kind of boarding in the rough houses of the natives. Képés, to knock a side, to ward off by a gentle blow- to give a slap. Képét, to eat one's own ordure under a foolish idea that we shall soon grow rich. Képlék, toss- penny or toss-duit: any wager whether heads or tails will fall uppermost. Képluk, indicative of anything falling heavily to the ground, a heavy plump in a: fall. Képluk-képluk, to make a clashing noise, as in clapping the hands. To clap the hands. Képrak-Këprik, to knock about, to toss about to move frequently and injure; to ill use. ' Képrét, to sprinkle with water or any liquor, to throw water in drops on anything. Wa- ter shook from the hands on any object. éprik, to set after, to rouse up, to bustle at. Képuk-képuk, to pat or strike gently. Kéëpung, to encircle, to circumvent, to surround. Ké Kérak, in boiling rice, that part which is next the pot, which adheres to it and gets rai, name of a fish, found especially in caverns where there is water. done brown. The brown ecrust of boiled rice. Kérak, name of a bird much seen about buffaloes, perched on their backs, and pecking about their hide. Called also Jalak. The bird is black with a little white in the wings. Kérébëk, the noise made by water entering a bottle or bambu kélé, when immersed therein, caused bij the escape of the air. The bubbling noise of air in water so es- caping. Kérék, to snore, to make a snoring noise, to breathe heavily. Ngorok, is to snore from the bottom of the throat, and expresses a more strenuous action than kérék. Kérékan, small reeds round which threads are wound, and afterwards placed in the tropong or shuttle, when in the act of being wove into the web. The instrument is 28 218 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE probably called Kérékan, the snorer, from the sound made when winding the threads upon the reeds, in the native spining whedl. Kérëng, severe, rigorous. Kéröp, set close together, erowded, thickset; frequently oecurring. Kërëpan, to set close together- to bring nearer to each other. Kérépék, split bambu fastened together so as to make a temporary fence, and set in ri- vers to enclose and catch fish. K&réti, the constellation of the Pleiades, called also Guru Désa or the village monitor, as the Paddy cultivation is regulated by its rising. Karttika, C. 120 the month Asala (Oet. and Novr.) when the moon is full near the Pleiades. Karttikéya, C. 120, the Indian god of war, ansevering to the Grecian Mars. (Krittiká, the Pleiades, who were considered as the nurses of Karttikeya, who is named after them. Fr.) K&réweék, to lay hold of a man and bind him; to pounee upon. Kéri, growing slowly, stunted. K&rid, to turn out a population to work corvées; a general turn out of the population for publie work. Kérid batok, a general turn out for work; all available hands turned out to work. | Kéridan, people turned out to work corvées. Di gawed kEridan, to work by eorvées. Körik, to serape with the edge of knife. To serape gently in general. To scratch, to scratch out or efface. Kérna, for the reason that, because. (Ser. Karana, cause, motive. Kdrana id.) Këérok, to curry-eomb, to scrape roughly. To strike off grain even in any measure — as in a gantang. Kérong, to twist arope round any object, so as to bind it securely; entangled. See Pan- gérong. Sung'ut anjing di kérong, the mouth of the dog is bound (by a rope twisted round and round its mouth, so that it cannot open it to bite.) Kérta, peace, peaceable, in astate of repose, tranquil. Appears to be a participle of Kara- nawa, U. 108, to do, to act, to perform. Kërta or karta is often met with in the composition of proper names, both of persons and places, and means then- auspicious, fortunate. (Karta, means on Javainthe words Surakartu, Ngayogyakarta , rather town. How Aréta, made, can mean peace, Ì have not yet been able to understand. Fr.) Kärtas, Arabie, paper- Wang kërtas, paper money. Sa kèërtas one guilder in paper mo- ney. The more usual word for paper in general is Daltuang. (os $ bs eg Arab. but a vor peregrina, Freytag. Latin Charta.) | Kérta-Sura, name of the Resideney and Capital of Java, near the present Sura-kërta or Solo. The name of the Capital was inverted when removed. Kurta, accomplished, perfect in all that is done. | ' Kérud, atiger, but not the Figer royal, which is called Maung. Thereis a great variety, in the Sunda districts, of which the Black Tiger, Felis niger, is one. Kéruk, to play as children by putting earth im half cocoa nutshells, and turning it out as from a mould. AND ENGLISH. 219 Kèérung, hollow, concave, bending inwards. Késang, perspiration, sweat. Késangan or Bijl késang, to perspire. (Biu will be Jav. midjil, to come outside.) Késat, a dryness in the throat impeding articulation. Rough, not smooth. Késëéd, astrimgent in taste, tart like unripe fruit. Said of any fruit which has a harsh rough taste. Késér and Késérkëén, to hand round, to shove rouud, to distribute. To move sideways as people standing or sitting in a row. Keésur, a large and thick rattan, always used to stretch across rivers in order to haul ferry-boats or rafts across. Këtan, a variety of Paddy, Oryza glutinosa. tisof a clammy nature and used for sweet meats and KuéA. he Kètan-nadin, such grains as look like common rice, but are said to grow on the same ear with këtan. Kétél, Dutch ketel- a kettle. Kéténg, in retail; anything sold in retail, or mm small quantities. Këti, one hundred thousand. 100.000. Kot, C. 145, a number, 100 lacks or ten mil- lions- so that in Sunda, and the same is the case in Javanese and Malay- awrong in- terpretation has been given to this word. Kéting, a kind of fish in the sea. Këtok, to strike gently, to tap. Kèton, name of a piece of money; an old Dukaton of the value of about three guilders. Kétrok, to knock, to tap, to strike, To strike somewhat harder than Kétok. Keétruk, to knock, to bray, to strike, but in a somewhat harder way than when Kétro/: is used. Kétug, a noise heard occasionally among the mountains, of which the people tell many marvellous stories. The sound is hike that of cannon, where no cannon are known to be. A superstitious idea regarding any sound, heard among the hills, of which the cause is not known. Këtug, a small round brass musical instrument belonging to the Gaméëlan. It is smaller than the Kénong. Kéu-éum, to soak in water, to put under water to Soak. To run water on Sawalis or other ground which is to be inundated for purposes of cultivation. Kéu-éung, afraid, timid, timorous. Këéu-ëus, the fruit of Kolé or wild plantain. Kéuhëul, impatient with waiting; vexed by delay. Tired out. Kéëukëéupan, toecuddle, to embrace. Kéuna, hit, struck, as anything which is shot at, or aimed at in any way. To incur, to be subjected to, as Kéuna di béwat, he ineured a fine. Di bödil to kuna, it was shot at but not hit. (Aëra Batavian, Malav, Jav., Kawi id. In Kawi it has also the 290 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE same meaning as the Malay ákan to, in the dative case. Akan after all seems to be of the same origin, cf. aku, L, with Jav. Kawi kua, Batavian gua. Fr.) Këunéung, the heel; the knuckles. Kéupat, airs, pretensions. To kawawa ku keupat na, there is no enduring his airs. Ha- yang kararëupat, they want to give themselves airs. Kararéwpat, is plural. Kéupéul, the clenched fist when holding anything; the clenched fist. Sa kèupéul, as much as ean be elenched in the fist. (Jav. Batavian, Képèl id.) Kéuréung, a small packet of any stringy matter tied together. Zuwa sa kèëuréun, a small packet of Tuwa or Tuba, a root with which fish are stupifyed. Këurëut, to pare off, to slice off with a knife, to slash; to cut by drawing the knife steadily through any mass, not by hacking at it. Kèëusik, sand. ii Kéuyang, oppressively warm; close and warm without any air moving. Kéuyëup, a small land crab, it burrows in earth on the edge of water, and is very trou- blesome in all earthen embankments made for the purpose of conducting water over hollows. Kéwëuk, a monovalve sea-shell. Cypraeca. Khali, a high priest of Mahomedanism. (OEE Qádlu the judge. On Java and Celebes it is also pronounced Kali; at Batavia (and in Malay) Kad. Fr) Kharap, inelination, pleasure. Kumaha kharap sia do just as you like; follow your own melination. Khémis, Arabie, Thursday. (yslé- Kldmis, the fifth, Dn Khams, five.) Ki, a sort of honorifie designation placed before men’s names or titles; also placed before the names of many plants or trees. In the first instance it is probably a contraction of Aki, grandfather, and in the latter of Ka-#, which is sometimes though rarely heard for wood. Before titles as- &t Pummnggung, Ki Démang- before proper names as- Kö Jaman, Ki Saman- before names of trees- Ki Cha-ang, Ki Julang, and more others, for which see below. (K% corresponds with $, N% and ZZi, used as a kind of article, but with different application; from all of them Pronouns are derived, as Mita, 1, si- ya, si-ra he (and you), ni-a, possessive, hi-da, Bal. he (you). Itis here not the place to explain this further. Fr.) Ki-ai, a term of respect for an old man; a term of respect to designate a father in law. Compounded of Ki, a honorifie designation, and Aya father. (Ki-ai (or-ahi) is another derivation from Ki, with aki added, Ki-alö, Ni-ali (Nyai, a respectable female), Priy-ahi, 1 think, derived from priya, Ser. friend, aterm of endearment; the name of Priyalú is given to certain inferior officers, who are for instance to superintend the koolies of Government, supplied by the native chiefs; who accompany strangers etc. Fr.) Ki-ajag, name of atree growing among the mountains, from which a Géwtah or viscous Ne ne te" ren En ee AE ne AND ENGLISH. 291 gum is obtained, used to rub on scabs or on persons troubled with the cutaneous di- seases called Bagét and Leodek. Kiamat, Arabie, the resurrection, the final dissolution of things at the end of the world. An expression indicative of matters having gone sadly wrong. MKiamat bärod, things are in a miserable plight. Poi kiamat, the day of judgment. (Xs Qiâmat.) Kiara, Ficus Procera, a large and spreading variety of the fig tribe. There are several varieties of Kiara, which is used a generic name. Kiara Payung, Umbrella kiara. Ficus terminalis. The Ficus Procera is more definitely called Kara Lawang, the door way kiara, from the stem, near the root dividing and forming a kind of porticoes. Ki-asahan, Tetracera Dichotoma, aliane much used for tying fences &c. Kiblat, arabie, the quarter towards which Mohammedans, of all countries, turn the face SU in prayer, which must be towards Mecca. (&us Qiblat.) Kiboma, name of a tree, otherwise called Péutag, Pingko, Kadéper. Hehttophyllaum Javanicum. Kicha-ang, name of a tree called Cha-ang, clear, clean, from the leaves being beaten up in water, when they form a white lather which is used for cleaning the head. Kichëp, a twinkle of the eye. Sa kichéëp, a moment, a twinkling. (See Këchap.) Kidang, name of a constellation of three very bright stars; the Belt of Orion. The word in Malay means a small variety of deer. Cervus muntjak, which is called in Sunda minchëk, so that the Sunda people have very likely borrowed the designation of the constellation from the Malays. The position in the heavens of this Adang constella- tion regulates the time for cutting forest for vearly paddy clearings. Kidul, South; Laut kidul, the South sea. Kidung, a prayer to ward off evil; such prayer brings misfortune upon the thief or the person evil disposed. ‘Ehe prayer is one of Mohammedan tendency, and not Bhuddis- tical. (67). Ki-ëndog, name of a large tree. Xanthophyllum excelsum. Ki-haji, name of a forest tree, with good timber. Dysoxylum Macrocarpum. Ki-hiang, name of a jungle tree, Adenanthera falcata, or Inga Kihtang; it 1s called Ki- hiang from Agahiang, to disappear, to vanish, as now and then all the leaves drop off, (67) On Bali the popular poetry 1s called Atdung, in eontradistinetion to the more honoured Ka- wi (kakawin); this shows that it is not originally Mohammedan, but existed already in Hindu times. The poor Javanese of the present day want to show themselves good Mohammedans, by referring their old property to the wholesome (!) introduction of the Islam. Bali alone and the inseriptions of Java give the measure of what originally belones to the Archipel, and what has been introduced by the apostles of the Islam. The influence of the last has not gone till to the groundwork of re- lgion, institutions and customs of Java. Fr. 799 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE and leave the tree bare, as trees in winterin Europe. See yang: thus to this tree has been ascribed supernatural power, from the fact of its becoming bare, as if dead, and then coming to life again. Ki-hiyëur, a variety of wild chesnut or Castânea. Fruit not eaten. See Sanintén and Kalimborot. Kihkir, a file, a rasp. Miserly, avaricious. (Malay, Batavian id. Jav. onlya file, a rasp.) Ki-hura, a variety of diminutive palm tree. Ki-ih, to piddle, to make water. Kijing, a bivalve shell fish, found in fresh water ponds, and muddy ditches. Itis a mus- cle of about three inches long, and one and a half inch across. Kiju, Cheese. Queijo, Cheese in Portuguese. Ki-julang, a red wood used for gobang sheaths, brought from the south coast of Bantam. Ki-kéndung, a plant producing a pod like a bean. Kikis, a fence made of split bambu wattled together, set round gardens &c, and espe- cially used in native towns or large villages to set on each side of the road, so as to shut out the view of dirty homesteads. Ki-konéng, a wild turmeric, grows wild in grass lands, and small jungles. Vide Konúrg. Kilang, viz. Siréum kilang, name of a small brown ant found on the ground. Kilap, to shine, to glitter, (Jav. Kawi. Kélap. Malay, Batavian Kilap which means also lightning. Fr.) Ki-lého, litterally, the snot plant. A genus of plants with several species. They have all white flowers growing immediately out of the stem of the tree, and which may have suggested the not very elegant name which it bears. They are called by Blume Saurauja, which ought to have been Savravia. The bark of the Kilého tree is used for tying round the ends of the Kawung fruit branches, when cut off for the purpose of getting the toddy, as it is thought that they draw out the frothy juice or snot which first comes out, and which will not boil to sugar. Kili Suchi, daughter of Déwa Kusuma, a sovereign of Eastern Java in the commence- ment of the 10th. century. She wasthe oldest of the family and remaining unmarried, performed a conspicuous part in the transactions of those days. To her is also ascri- bed the construction of the temples of Singa Sari. She was aunt to the celebrated Panji. The reason of her never marrying was that she was not after the habit of other women; which her name expresses. Ault, C. 125 the menstrual flux. Suchi, C. 745, white, clean, cleansed, purified. Thus clean of the flux, or free from it. The scene of her adventures is connected with Kédir. Raffles Vol. 2. Page 88. Kili Suchi wished to sacrifice herself on the funeral pile of her parents, but it was not permitted her so to do. Raffles Vol. 2 Page 77. Kilungan, to pretend ignorance, to pretend not to know. Kima, the large sea shell Chama gigas, abundant on the South coast of Bantam, howe- ver, in comparatively small varieties. AND ENGLISH. Zie Ki-mèrak, name of a tree with box like leaf. Leucoxyion Buxifolium. Kimpél, thiek or ropy as liquids. Hard or set, as anything which has been melted, mel- ted, such as fat, wax or the like. Congealed, coagulated. Kimpul, a small kind of Zalëus, or Arum esculentum. Kimput, name of a vegetable planted in the humahs. Kinechang, name of bambu outriggers for a boat, to prevent its upsetting. Kinchir, the native spinning wheel. King, initial # or », and becomes king or ing. Jaba sa king lafal, without, or not found im a form of ing, of — which in composition, when coming after a vowel, assumes an the text. Madé ning paré, good for paddy (when growing). (Saking, means from, bv. I suppose king is no word by it self, but Saka-ing which becomes sakeng, sangkenu and saking. Fr.) Kingkilapan, Musaenda glabra, a shrub with white floral leaf; the flower is red. Also called Wurungan which see- the kilap in this word denotes the glitter of the white floral leaf among the others which are green. Kingkip, a variety of orange tree with very small fruit like a berry; much used as « preserve by the Chinese. Friphasia Frifoliata. Kipas, a fan for fanning the person. A fanner for winnowing. To fan, to winnow. Ki-péuhéur, name of a jungle tree, otherwise called Kirang, see Péuhèur. From the astringent and harsh nature of the bark, it becomes one of the chief ingredients in making a certain preparation with wood ashes to intoxicate fish, or render them sen- seless. See Nua and Tuba. Kipsau, Chinese, a pipkin, a small earthenware pot for boiling water. Kira, to think, consider, take thought; suppose, conjecture, guess. (Jav. Mal. 1d.) Kira-kira, computation, estimate; with moderation, discreetly; to be gmided by cireum- stances. Perhaps, about. Kirabkëén, to shake and pull out the short and-dirty pieces from straw or long grass. so as to get the long stems clean and fit for thatch &e. &c. (Krab Jav. to shake ont Malay, to shake off.) Kirai, a Palm tree which in the Moluccos and straits of Malacca gives the Sago cf com- merce. In Java its leaves aae extensively used for Ataps or thatch, for which purpose it is often much planted in swamps. One variety is Lagus, another Metroxylon. Kirim, to send, to dispatch. To entrust, to recommend to any one's care. (Jav. Mal id Kiruh, dirty and muddy as water, turbid. Chas za kiruh, the water is turbid. Kisa, a small basket made of Palm leaves matted together, generally to hold fruit. eu- cumbers or the like. Ki-salira, name of a tree, Acronychia Arborea. Kisas, clear, on which no claim can be made. Kis1i, the small spindles or spools on which thread is wound. 5 - Kitab, Arabie, a book. Alkitab, the book, viz. the koran. (Lolig.) — DEL A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Ki-tahi, name of a tree, the wood of which has a very fetid odour. Saprosma arborea Name of a creeper with stinking leaf. Ki-téjé, the wild jungle cinnamon tree. Cinnamomum Javanicum. Ki-tinggi, a kind of Centipede with black body, but red belly and feet. Kitri, an ancient right, an inherited right. Kitu, in that way, hit éta, so is it, so it must be. Aw kahayang aing such is my de- sire; Kitu bad hadé, in that way is also good. Ki-tuwa, name of a shrub, Lieea Sambucina, vide Puwa. Ki-urat-urat, Pantago Äsiatica, name of a ribbed grass resembling similar ones in Eu- rope, grows in mountainous cool situations. Urat means sinew. Called in Malay Av- ping manjangan, deer’s ears. Ki-wari, now, at the present moment. Also 74 Ziwari. Kiyas, a separation of man and wife for a short time, with a view to recover möpok. Kiyo, in this way, such. Déngékèn hiyo parentah na, Lusten such are his orders. Kling, a country on the coast of Coromandel; the coast of Coromandel generally called Kalinga, C. 113 extending from Cuttack to Madras. The people of Kling had great intercourse with the Archipelago before the arrival of Europeans, and by their means formerly, no doubt the produce of these countries reached Europe. Klir, name of a range of mountains on the western boundary of the territory of Jugjo- karta, west of the river Progo. It is thus called after a frontage of limestone rock, in the neighbourhood of the Coffee stores at Sumpél, which as seen from the Capital of Jugjo, has the appearance of the Screen, behind which the Wayang is exhibited, called by the Javanese Klir or Keélir. Tijdschrift voor Taalkunde, Jaargang 1- afl: 2. The Klir hills were no less a screen in days of old behind which the Brahmins in Bagalen had enshrined themselves. Klontong, a Chiuese hawker or pedlar. Koas, a runner which yields a pod containing beans. Koas Kujang, a large variety of the above. Kobak, pitch penny, or pitch doit, throwing coin into holes in the ground for a wager. Kobar, in small squares, a pattern, looking as if disposed in squares. Kobét, to tear or scratch with the paw, as a cat or tiger does. Kobokan, a basin or bowl to wash the fingers in at meals; a finger glass. Kochak, arrogant, self- conceited, boastful, overbearing. Kochok, to shake a vessel containing a liquid, to shake up in a vessel, as a liquid in a bottle. (Jav. Kochak and Kochok idem.) Kocholok, to shake up in a vessel, as liquid in a bottle. (Derived from KochoZ.) Kochorkën, to let water flow, to cause to flow, as by opening a sluice. Chai gëus di kochorkën ka sawah, the water has been run upon the Sawahs. Kodali, a bridle for a horse. (Jav. Batav. Kèndalt.) Kodék, to scrape or scratch with the finger nail. Je AND ENGLISH. OU) Kodi, a corge, anything counted or sold by 20 pieces. Kodok, to grope with the hand; to feel for with the hand without being able to see. Kodokan, earth trampled down and made miry by any animals, especially by buffaloes. A Buffaloe slough. Kohkol, a joint of bambu with a longitudinal opening or slit, hung up in the wind, with a short piece of stick so arranged, that when it moves, it strikes the hollow and slit bambu, and makes a report which serves to frighten pigs or monkeys away from growing paddy or other cultivated plants. Kohok, a peacock, so called from its ery when it gets up into trees; vide Mérak. Koirkën, to rake or pull away along the ground with any instrument, especially with a pachul. Koja, a bag of net work carried by the Sunda people slung over the shoulder, in which all kinds of small matters are stuffed. Koja, a Mohammedan of continental India, not an Arab. (aal, Khawâja, Persian, sa- piens; senior; herus.) Kojor, a bundle of palm sugar consisting of five Bungkus or packets. These five are tied up with split bambu and string, and form a long narrow roll. g, Kojor, dead. A vulgar expression, and implies contempt for the person of whom it is said. Koki, a cook, derived from the Dutch Kok a Cook. Kokod, the paw, the hand, the fist. The handle of anything. When used to designate “__a hand, it implies an indignity put upon the person who owns the hand. Kokodén, Chintz and prints which are sold by the Kods or corge. Printed cottons generally. Kokodok, to take fish with the hand, by turning the stones, or groping about into holes where the fish are concealed. (See Kodok.) Kokolotëén, freckles on the face. Kokopan, the manger of a stable. A trough or contrivance for animals, especially hor- ses, to eat from. See Kop below. Kokoprok, a bit of bambu, generally a couple of joints so connected witha bit of wood suspended over astream of running water, that it gets constantly jerked up and down, and so makes a noise, by knocking upon a stone placed for the purpose, to drive away wild animals from growing paddy. Kokoro, poor, needy, indigent. (Jav. Kuru, Mal. Kurus, thin, meager.) Kokoro, name of a Scitameneous plant, something like Luaja-oa, Kokos, to gnaw, to munch at, to corrode. Kokosan, a fruit tree with very hard wood. A variety of Lansium. Kol, the Dutch word kool, cabbage. Koldi, supposed to be the forbidden fruit of Paradise. Some fruit which is not indigenous to Java, but not ascertained what it really is, Kolé, the wild plantain, Musa Trogloditarum. Koléar, to fall from a height, to descend from on high. 2926 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Koléchér, a fiz-gig or wind-mill set near humahs or Sawahs. The natives take a great deal of interest in this play thing and are fond of having it near their growing paddy, which growing during the north - west monsoon, there is always plenty of wind to drive it. Kolék, a small sailing prow or boat used at sea near the shore. Kolëk, to boil Walu, or any fruit with sugar and so make an agreeable dish, Kolélét, another name for Karét, the Ficus Hlastica who produces the Gum Elastic. Kolombéran, a pool of water under the steps of a native house. Kolomod, covered with mud and dirt. Dirty about the mouth from eating anything. Kolong, the space below any object, especially when open. JmaA kolong, a house built upon posts, with an open space under it. (Known at Batavia. Means commonly cor- ner, place beneath.) Kolong imah, the open space below a native’s house which stands on posts. Kolong méja, the open space under a table, Kolong pëédati, the open space under a cart. Kolosod, slipped or glided down. Descenling with impetus. Kolot, old; ripe, mature, strong in substance, not diluted; become consistent, used up, expended. Baris kolot, of the number or quality of old men; the elders. Buwah na gëus kolot, the fruit is ripe, of full age, mature. Zuhëuran gula gëus kolot the boiling of sugar has got consistence. Paré na duwit na kolot his paddy and money are expended. Kolotkén, to shove in up to the hilt; to insert anything still further into its place; to shove an implement still deeper in. To expend, to use up. Kolotok, a wooden bell hung to the neck of a buffaloe, by the sound of which it can easily be traced in the jungle. Komboi, hairy, having long shaggy hair, as an animal. Hanging in a fringe. Kombong, a bed chamber, a place of retirement. Kombongan, an enclosure made with nets &c in a river; an opening is left, and a man on watch shuts this opening, by pulling up a bit of net, which has hitherto laid upon the ground, as soon as he perceives any fish stray into the enclosure. Koméëd, I dont know, without my knowledge. Komeo, the more, more especially; said of anything which is beyond one’s reach or con- troul. Ming to bisa, sia homo, IT am not able, what chance have you. Komo tuyn mèunang, It is quite out of the question my getting it, Kompa, a water wheel for turning a mill, Probably a corruption of the Dutch word Pomp, pump. Kompés, to examine in order to elicit evidence or the truth, to cross question, to take to task. To inveigle in conversation. Komprang, said of trousers. Ohëlana komprang, long and wide trousers reaching to the ankles, such as worn by Europeans. (Used at Batavia, also by natives.) Kondang, a variety of fig-tree,. Ficus Subracemosa. AND ENGLISH. 227 Kondé, the hair of women tied up in aneat round bunch on the top of the head. Kon- dé, C. 143 the bunch or knot in which the Singhalese tie up their hair. (Kúnda, a stalk, a stem; a cluster, a shrub. Ser. The kondé of the women is perhaps so called, because it resembles a cluster. Fr.) Kondor, having a swollen serotum. Konéas, yellowish. A contraction of the words konéng, yellow, and peas, pale. Konéng, yellow. (Jav. Mal. Kuning.) Konéng, Turmeric, Curcuma. Konéng is the specifie name for a great variety of plants, which may be called Turmerics. They are called Zému in Malay, which word is also occasionally heard in Sunda, vide voce. The konéngs are known for some peculiarity inflavour, and are used extensively either economically or medicinally. The following are the most common. Konéng Gëdé or Kikonéng, big turmerie, grows wild in open grass land. 5 Hidéung, black turmeric. ge Lalab, the Greens turmeric; from being used as a vegetable. 5 Puti, the white turmeric. 78 Santën, used in dying. 5 Tëmén, or the true turmerie of commerce, and called also Kungrr. 5 Finggang, a variety with unpleasant smell, used in dying. 5 Warangan, Arsenie turmerie, from deep yellow colour, used in dying. Konéng tungtung, yellowended, said of paddy which begins to turn ripe. Kong'ang, of force in law. Kongkoh, separately, distinctly, as well as some one else. Kongkoh bad niëun kèébon, se- parately making a garden. Kongkol, to plot with another, To take council with another to do something wrong. (Bat. Is perhaps the Dutch konkelen, of the same meaning. Fr.) Kongkolakan, the orifice or opening in the skull where the eye is placed. Kongkolong’ok, to erow as a cock. Kongkon, to give an order to do something; to issue orders. (Jav. Kongkon and kengkén.) Kongkong’'ok, to erow as acock. Kongkong'ok hotok, cock crow -an early hour in the morning before it is light. Kongkorak, a wooden bell hung round a buftaloe’s neck, called also Kolotok. Kongkorong, a kind of bracelet worn by children. Kongkorong’ok, to crow as a cock. Kongsi, Chinese, a commercial association. The uniting of several persons for some mu- tual object. The house where such meetings are held. The dwelling and office of a government farmer or of a Chinaman conducting any business, which, however, gene- rally refers to conducting government pachts er farms. Konjara, a cage, a place of confinement, a prison. Perhaps a corruption of Panjaraya, C. 350, a cage, an aviary, a dove cot. Marsden gives Panjara, Page 231 as Persian which is Pénjrah a cage, a place of confinement, a prison. 228 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Kontan, the Dutch word Kontant: ready money, money down, for cash. Kontol, the testicles. Kontol anjing, name of a plant. Kontol munding, a variety of fig tree. Ficus Macrocarpa. Konyal, a creeper which climbs up old trees in old forests and has numerous blood red fruits of size of eggs, dispersed along the stem. Kop, the idiomatic expression for eating, of putting into the mouth. Ari kop kana kéjo, and when I took a mouthful of rice. Kop di hakan, and putting it in his mouth, eat it. Kopak, a wooden sheath for an Arit. It is worn at the back and isa bit of wood about 7 or 8 inches square, and a couple of inches thick, cut out so as to admit the arit being stuck in and worn at the back fast with a string round the loins. Kopi, coffee, evidently derived from the Dutch Kof. Coffea arabica. (Arab. de Kahwá.) Kopi alas, Coffee gardens planted in a forest where the original large trees are left standing. Kopi déngklung, name of a tree properly called Kapidéngklung , which see. Kopia, a skull cap‚ such as worn by Moormen. Kopo, name of a tree. Myrtus speciosa. Kopo lalai, name of a fruit tree. Jambosa Hypericifolia. Koran, Arabic, the Sacred book of Islam or of the Mohammedans. (Gp: Qurânon.) Korban, Arabic, offering, sacrifice. A goat or buffaloe killed with religious ceremony . . Kz) <0? and eaten in commemoration of some deceased person. (obs, Qurbân, what is offered to god; a sacrifice. Fr.) Koréd, to clean or scrape away weeds with an iron instrument. The icon instrument so called, being a small blade with a shaft hole set at an angle to the blade. Koréhan, to seratch and examine, to tease out; to elicit, To scratch. Koréjat, to jump up suddenly, starting on your feet. Korék, to scratch, to poke with any instrument and draw out. To scrape. To devise all manner of means to inculpate a person. Korék Kachang, to dig the ground nut, which is done first by ploughing it up, and by people then scratching out the nuts from the loose earth. Koréng, a scab or ichorous wound or eruption on the skin. Korét, unwilling to give anything; close fisted. Korma, Persian, the Date palm, Phoenix dactylifera. Dates, the fruit of a Palm tree im- ported from Persia- Khurma, Persian. Korod, a small variety of rattan, grows bushy and low, and sometimes almost impedes progress through old forests, as it is very full of prickles, Korohok, split and pecked by birds, said of fruit or vegetables such as cucumbers &c. Koromod, covered with dirt, splashed with mud, as the hands and body after work. Same as Kolomod. î ” AND ENGLISH. 299 Koromong, a variety of round metal instrument belonging to the gamèlan, Koronchong, hollow armlets. Bracelets, armlets or little brass bells tied about the an- kles of children, which give a small tinkling sound, Korosokan, said of paddy not evenly ripening, especially in new made Sawahs which are of inferior value. Korosokan is where some ears are ripe whilst others are only partly so, even only just forming. Kosara, a rope made of Buffaloe hide, Kosën, valliant, daring. (Used at Batavia.) Kosok, to rub, to scrub, to polish. (Mal. Batav. Gosok idem.) Kosong, empty, void, vacant, umoccupied. Omong kosong, empty talk, talk which has no real meaning- nonsensical talk. (Malay, Batavian, idem.) Kosta, properly the coast of Coromandel. The word isthe Portuguese Costa. Kain kosta, or often simply kosta, a variety of printed cloth. Chaw kosta, a variety of plantain. Kota, a fort, a strong hold. Kuta, C. 127- a fort, a stronghold. Kota is the name by which the chief towns in Java are designated in their neighbourhood. Daik ka kota, I want to go to (the fort) Batavia. (Scr. Kuta and Kutí) Kotak and Kotakan, a square or division of a Sawah, on which the water can be evenly distributed; a compartment; a garden bed. Kotak, a pyramidical medicine chest, consisting of a sort of small chest of drawers. Kotba, arabic Khutbat, an oration pronounced in the mosque on Fridays, or at the Lua- baran on the conclusion of the Fasting month. (Arab. Ae Khutbat.) Kotok, a fowl; the common domestie cock or hen. Kotor, dirty, both physically and morally, impure. (Batavian idem.) Koyan, a weight of 27 Piculs at Batavia, 28 at Samarang, and 50 at Sourabaya. Krama, a word frequent in the composition of proper names. The high or polite dialect of the Javanese language is called Krama, in contradistinction to Ngoko which is rough or vulgar. Krama, C. 151 order, method, a degree, power, strength; an overcoming, subduing, surpassing; a sacred pecept, a religious practice. Krang, small shell fish, as cockles, muscles &c. These shells are often found imbedded in limestone rock or tufaceous strata. Kranjang, a basket, a hamper. (Jav. Mal. idem.) Kranji, name of a tree, Dialium Indum-gives a small black shelled fruit which is eaten. Good tough substantial timber. Kras, severe, rigorous, impetuous. (Jav. Batav. Malay Kêéras and Kras, strong, heavy, severe, impetuous.) Kras-tulang, name of a plant, of which the natives amongst the mountains drink a decoc- tion by way of a tea. Chloranthus Inconspicuus. Kréhkél, gravel, pebbles, such as is laid upon roads. Krésa, pleasure, will, delight. Krésa nu gëdé, the pleasure of great men. Krésa ning Allah, the will of God, (Cannot be anything else than Karasa. See Karasan.) 230 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Kréta, a carriage, a coach, a cart on European wheels. Karatte, C, 108. any kind of wheeled carriage. (Prof. T. Roorda derives the word from the Portuguese Carreto. Fr.) Kris, the well known Malay weapon or dagger of this name. Krisna, a Hindu god. Clough gives at Page 153 the following account. Krisna or more properly Krishna. In Himdu mythology Krishna is considered the most celebrated form of Vishnu, or rather Vishnu himself; in that form he is, however, distinct from the 10 avatars or incarnations of Vishnu, being always indentified with the deity himself. One of the names of Arjuna the charioteer of the Sun. Kromong, a metal instrument to be beat, belonging to the gamëlan. (See Koromong.) Krosi, arabic, a chair, a stool.( sys Teus.) Ku, with, by- Béak ku bödul, destroyed by the pigs. Ku aing, IL will take it. Ku batur, taken by my companions. Kuah, gravey, juice, sauce, broth. Kuat or Kuwat, arabic, strong, able, vigorous. Zo mëundng kuwat [ cannot put strength Sj to it. T cannot use my strength. Kuwat nakër, he is very strong. 6,5 Quwwat, strength.) Kubér, to stir up a water or liquid, into which some substance has been thrown, so as to mix the whole thoroughly. (Jav. Kébur idem.) | Kuchai, shalots, a variety of small onion planted in humahs. Kuchël, faded and soiled. Anything which from much use has lost its freshness. Kuchubung, the barrel of a gun, the bore of a gun. Kuchubune, name of a plant. Datura metel and ferox; the thorn apple. Dhuttura, C. 802, the thorn apple, stramonium. It is a shrubby plant with deeply indented leaves; bears a round pod or seed cell, one inch in diameter, covered with blunt thorns, and contains a lot of small brown seeds which are given to Perkutut doves to clear their voices and make them sing; also given to Jangkriks, a kind of grasshopper to make them fight to death. For man it is considered a deadly poison, but in small quantities is mixed with adulterated opium to give it an unnatural stimulus. Kuda, a horse. Kudra in Tamil, a horse. Kuda, a denomination for some of the chiefs in old Javanese history. Itis most probably Kuda, C. 128, small, little, diminutive, and thus indicating the yownger, as it is still used in this sense in Ceylon. So Kuda Laléan, is the grandson of the celebrated Panji. (lt means, I think, also in this title a horse, being a strong animal; cf. Kèbo, or Munding and Mahisha, a buffalo, further Punggawa, a bull, Lèmbu id. and also Gaza, elephant, as titles of chiefs in Javanese and Balinese History. Fr.) Kuda awéwé, a mare, a female horse. Kuda bapa, a stallion, a father horse; a stallion kept for covering mares. Kuda baralak, a cock-tailed horse; a horse with a stiff and rigid tail. Kuda-kuda, two stout pieces of wood joined like an X, witha pole projecting from the middle, Such kuda-kuda are universally used by carpenters to lay their wood on which AND ENGLISH. Zoi has to be squared, or worked up in any way. The tie beams or triangular supports ot a house roof. Kuda Sambrani, a Pegasus; a wonderful horse which can fly. Kuda Si-dudul, the war steed of Ali, the son in law of Mohammed. Kudëérang, to prepare green die for cloth. Kudörat, arabie, power, omnipotence; nature, disposition. Kudératna the nature of its in- herent disposition. 55 Qudrat, potentia, opulentia.) Kudu, must, a matter of necessity. Kudu di béré, it must be given. Kwdu bai di datang- kèn it is obsolutely necessary that he should be madetocome. (Kudu, Ngoko Këdah, Jav. it is absolutely necessary; to desire absolutely.) Kudup, a flower-bud. Kudus, arabie Al khuds- Holy, hallowed. Poh al kudus, the Holy Ghost. Al khudus, SION Ù 0 T° is the name for Jerusalem among the Arabs. (edë Quds, puritas, sanctitas; Hiero- solyma.) Kudus, name of a small native town Eastward from Samarang, where the Mohammedan power was established after the overthrow of Majapahit, and hence it got the name of- the Holy. Kuéh, a cake, any pastry or mess made of rice-flour. (Used at Batavia.) Kujang, a variety of iron chopper with crooked blade. Kujurkëén, to direct, to point, to give a direction. Kwjurkèn ngalér ngidul, lay it in the direction of North and South. Kuk-kuk, the native expression used for calling a dog. Kuku, nail, claw, hoof. (Jav. Mal. idem.) Kukubluk, also sometimes called Kutuk-bluk, the owl, especially applied to the bird when heard in the night time. (Also Kukuk-bluk at Batavia.) Kukuh, stanch, Arm, stiff, holding well together; said of an animal, as a horse or a buffaloe, which is strong and compact. (Jav. idem.) Kuku-héulang, literally Hawk's claws, name of ashrub, a variety of wild mountain gam- bir: also called Kakait béusi; Uncaria. Kukular, thread made from the fibres of the pine-apple leaf, waxed and fit for sewing, Kukulu, a variety of mangga so called. Kukumur, the slime on a fishes body; the slippery matter on the body of a fsh; the greasiness of a fresh caught fish. Kukunchung, the feathers which stick up on the top of the head of a peacock or any bird; a topping. (Jav. Kunchung. Batav. Kunehung and Kékunchung, a bush of hair on the top of the head, worn by young female children.) Kukuprak, to rouse amongst, to chase away, to knock about- to look strictly after; to beat the jungle for game. Kukur, to rub down on a kukuran. Kukuran, an instrument for rasping cocoanuts. A bitof iron with notches or teeth fixed 232 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE to the end of a horse of wood, over which the cocoanuts, when split in two , are rasped Kukuruyuk, to crowas acock, tocoo asadove; hence adove is called Zikukur. Seems to have a common origin with Kukula, C. 127, a cock. Kukus, to burn incense to heathen or imaginary divinities. To distil. Kukut, to bring up the infant of another person; to actas parents to a helpless child. To take care of the young of any animal which has died or amped leaving its off- spring helpless. To foster, to nurse, to cherish. Kula, I, the personal pronoun of the first person. It is neither the highest nor the low- est designation of self, and is thus the most general in use among equals, and con- veys an idea of deference to the person addressed. The use of Aing places the spea- ker above the person addressed, and Zuring below him. Kula, C. 132 a family, race, tribe or caste. May this word have been adopted by the Sundas as a personal pro- noun, thereby designating one of the same caste or family, see ding, and hence the idea, which it still conveys of some degree of equality, although of deference to the party addressed. Kulak, a measure in which the priest receives the Pitrah or Labaran dues. See Pitrah: This measure ia exclusively confined to this operation; about three Kulak’s are one Gantang. Kulat, semen virile, et etiam lubricatio feminis. Kulëm, to sleep, asleep; a very elegant and refined expression. Kuli, a paid labourer, as contradistinguished from one who gets nothing, but has to work feudal service; generally called throughout India- a cooly. Kuli, C. 133. hire, wages. Kulikën, to do any work with paid labourers. Kulia, entire, every where. Sa kuliah dunya, theentire world. Sa kuliah jagat, through- out the whole land. Kuliling, around, turning round and round, around and about without having any ap- o parent occupation. Kulilingan, to surround, to encompass, to work round. Kulinchir, circular marks, or disposition of the hair either in man or animals. From the kulinchir natives pretend to draw omens, or form an opinion of the merits of a horse or of a buffaloe. Kulisik, to turn the body, to get up, to arise from sleeping, Kulisik-kulisik, moving gently or making a small noise, as of a person or animal moving stealthily. Kulit, skin, hide, leather; bark, rind, husk, shell. Kulit jélëma, a man's skin. Kulit kébo, a buffalce hide. Ku/lit asak, cooked hide-leather. Kulit kayu, bark of a tree. Kulit buwah, vrind or husk of fruit. Kulit pinyu, tortoise shell. Kulon, the west. It appears to be compounded of the word Mulu head, as Ka-hulu-an, by a familiar process is contracted into Kulon. From this we must infer that the word had its origin in Java; and it is not a little odd that the West-end of Java should AND ENGLISH. 253 have received from European navigators the name of Java Head, See Barat. (Lt is al- so Malay, Javan. and Balinese.) Kulop, the foreskin, the prepuce derived from the Arabic Ghulf, of same import. (Arab. Sc? kals and EA Qulfat, Ghulfat, praeputium.) Kulub, to boil, to cook in hot water. Kulumud, the soft eatable pulp of a fruit, which surrounds a stone or kernel, such as the Rambutan, Kulur, name of a tree, Artocarpus Incisa, called in Malay Kluwi and Timbul, Kulutuk, one of the names of a variety of plantain of which the fruit is not eatable, but the leaves sought for and used as wrappers. Vide Chaw. Kumaha, how? in what way? whatisthe matter; what do you want. Kwmaha daik hadé, how can it be good, or right? Sa kumaha harga na, what is the price of it? Kwnaha pihadéan nana, how shall we act in order to have matters right. Sia manan lumpat kadiyo kumaha, what is the matter that you come running here. Kuman, a small fine animalcule, adhering to the skin and causing itching; an atom, a minute particle. Kumat, arelapse of disease; confirmed illness. (Jav. Kumat, to be siek and well by rotation.) Kumbah, to wash, to cleanse with water. The etymon of this word is Bah, which does not occur alone, in Sunda, but in Malay, Marsden P.57is- „a flood, an inundation”, The Bah has the usual preposition Ka before it, elided with wm implying a frequent repetition of the act. (Jav. idem.) Kuméëli, name of a lowly plant with erenulated leaves, which is planted and produces a small potatoe. Plectranthus Tuberosus of the family of Labiatae, also called Coleus Tu- berosus. Kumis, mustachios. The hair growing on the upper lip. (Mal. idem.) Kumisi, said of paddy when it is about to shoot the ear of grain. Literally- like a kist or spinning wheel spindle. (Cf. Jav, Mal. Zst, the contents; to fill.) Kumpai, the fine straggling, dangling, long offsets of the roots of such trees as grow on the moist banks of water. Kumpani, The European government; the Dutch government. Derived from the East In- dia Company. Paréntah kumpani, a Government order. Kapal kumpani, a Government ship, a man of war. Gawé kumpani, to work for the Company or Government, to do feudal service. Thisisthe name by which the feudal service on private Estates is known. The services of a man for one day in seven being at the disposal of the land owner. Orang kumpani, a person who is performing feudal service. Kumpul, to collect, to gather, to assemble, to accumulate. (Mal. Jav. idem.) Kumpul, a small sized gong for collecting guests, or giving notice that an entertainment is preparing. (Certainly the same word as the preceding Fr.) Kumusut, entangled, in confusion. A kind of plural of kusut, and means kusut, only iu a superlative degree. 80 234 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Kun, said of anything which belongs toa question of religion which is not clearly understood. Kunaun, why, for what reason, why not? composed of Ku with, and naun, what. Ku- naun aing to di béjakën, why did you not let me know? Kunchi, a key, a lock, a bolt. Kunchika, C. 126- a key. Liawang kudu di kunchian, the door must be locked, or bolted. (Jav. Mal. idem.) Kunchianak, a fabulous spectre said to haunt women in child-birth, or with small in- fants at the breast. This spectre is thought to often mysteriously destroy both mother and child. It is sometimes heard pronounced as Kunt beranak, the ber before anak betraying it, in that form, to be a Malay expression. The Malays may have made of Kunti hana, Kunchianak, by misunderstanding the meaning of the words, and adopting expressions of their own of nearly the same sound. Kunti, C. 129 is the wife of Pan- du, and mother of the five Pandawa princes by as many gods, and from her and her children this Javanese spectre appears to have its origin. Mana, C, 785, to hurt, to injure, to kill, and hence Manaka or Hanaki would be a male or female destroyer, elided into Kunti-hana, or Kunti the destroyer. The Malays have evidently seized upon the resemblance of anak, to their own Beranak, to bring forth young, and so the expression has got currency in the Indian Archipelago. The Pandawa Princes were killed in the wars, as reiated in the Mahabarat. (Ehey killed rather their enemies, and retired afterwards into the solitude. Fr.) Kundur, a gourd, a variety of large Calabash. Kungkang, name of an insect called in malay Balang Sang'it, the stinking fly. When touched it voids a very nauseous liquid. It is a great enemy of young paddy when just forming from the flower, and when still in a soft liquid milky state, as the insect: then inserts its proboscis into each grain and sucks out the contents, thus often destroying whole corps. (The Sundanese eat these animals! Fr.) Kungkung, to make a dam of earthwork filled in between two wooden fences. The Kungkungs of such a dam are more properly the eross bars which hold the opposite sides of the fence from flying asunder. A bit of bambu or wood set in an arch. Kungkung, to tie as a dog, with a bit of bambu over the rope, by which it is led, to prevent its getting at the man who leads it, to bite, To bend bambus round a stake to retain it in its place and prevent its giving way. Kungkung, the sound of a gong struck at distinct intervals. Kungkuwung, the Rainbow, probably refering to its arched shape. Kungsi, going to the extent of, going as far as. Kungsi kabikëun, did you go as far as stving it. Kwungsi datang, did he go to the extent of coming. Mohal kungsi, it will not require to go to that extent. Zo kungsi kahakan, 1 did not get as far as to cat it, (Jav. Kongsi, Kangsi, Kasi, till to, as far as.) Kuning, yellow, more usually Konéng. Much used in composition, Kömbang kuning, yellow flower, the name of a village so called on the Jasinga Estate. Kuningan, brass; properly the yellow metal, or something which is yellow. dee nn a in / AND ENGLISH. 235 Kunti, C. 129 wife of Pandu and mother of the five Pandawa princes by as many gods. Kuntul, a white bird of the heron kind, Ardea Egretta, common in new ploughed Sawahs; disappears during the dry monsoon. Kunyir, turmerie, Cureuma; also called Konéng T'émèn, the real turmeric. Kunyu, a monkey, a name of endearment. Kupa, name of a tree and fruit; Jambosa cauliflora, Kupa landak, name of a tree; Flacourtia sapida. Kupang, name of the old chinese coins formerly in use in Java, with a square hole in the middle. Also called Pichis. The word is most frequently heard in Bantam, where the Chinese traded before the arrival of Europeans. Lvmang kupang, 500 such coins or about the value of two guilders. (Called Pichis, Pitis, Pipisat Bali. Five hundred would be limang atus Pitis. Fr.) Kupat, rice boiled to a sort of paste and put up in young Cocoa nut leaves, matted in- to a fourcornered case; used much to carry où journeys. (Jav. idem. Batav. Katupat.) Kuplok-képlok, the splash of water less than waves; the chop of the sea. Kuprak, the act of rousing amongst, of knocking about, of looking narrowly after. Kupu-kupu, a butterfly, a moth. Kupu-kupu, name of a bush with handsome flowers: Pterisanthes Cissoides. Kura, a tortoise. Occurs as a designation in Pantuns, Sangkwra, the mystic tortoise of which sometimes wonderful stories are told. The large land tortoise sometimes impor- ted from countries beyond Java, is called Kura. (Ser. Kúrma, a tortoise, a turtle?) Kura-an, Arabic, the Koran; the sacred book of the Mahomedans. (See Koran). Kura-an, to rince, to wash out as a bottle. (Jav. Kurah, to rince the mouth.) Kurabu, ear-rings. (See Karabu.) Kurai, Celtis orientalis, name of a tree. It is said that the Chinese burn this wood for charcoal to make gunpowder. Kuramas, to wash the hair of the head with burnt paddy straw by way of a lie. To wash the hair with any ingredients which yield alather, as with Kt-cha-ang which see. The natives all kwramas or cleanse the hair of the head in this way, at the end of the Puasa or fasting month and just before the Luabaran. (Jav. Kramas idem.) Kurang, to want, be short, deficient, wanting. Kurang chat, wanting water. Kurang lu- hur, wanting in height. Kwrang perchaya, wanting in confidence. (Jav. Mal. idem.) Kurang'an, to reduce, to take from, to diminish. Kurap, a scorbutic humour, a tetter, a ringworm. Daun kurap, name of a plant, Aca- cia Alata. In Malay, Marsden 22 Urap is to anoint, to daub over. Perhaps our Zu- rap is so named from spreading over the surface of the skin; and in that case the Sun- da has the derived word, without having retained the root. (Mal. idem. Jav. Korep.) Kurén, a family; man, wife and children. Kurèënan, married, having wife and children. Or when said of a woman — having a husband. 236 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Kuriang, name of a personage in ancient native lore, called mostly Sang kuriang. Per- haps Kuru hyang, from kwru, C. 181, a bud, a bow, a tortoise; thus the supernatu- ral Tortoise god. Or Kura, C. 181, a dwarf, a pigmy; any male animal stinted in its growth. Saug Jura hyang, the supernatural dwarfgod. | Kuring, I the personal pronoun; used by an inferior to a superior, and is a very hum- ble designation of self. (Perhaps from Kus dku, T, with addition of ring, in. Fr.) Kuripan, name of a private Estate, South from Batavia. The ancient name of the pre- sent Grobogan, in the resideney of Samarang; derived from Aurip, living, thriving, prosperous. Ka-Aurip-an the place of thriving or prosperity. Kuris, the small pox, variola. Zukang kuris, the man who vaccinates. Kurog, a pretty brown coloured bird, size of a dove. Kuru, lean, thin, meager. (See above Kokoro.) Kuruchuk, a pole or straight thin piece of wood; a stake for a fence. Kurung, to confine, to shut up, imprison; to enclose, to include. (Jav. Mal. id.) Kurungan, a cage, a coop,‚ a place of confinement. Kuda kurungan, a stall horse kept in a Kadogan, as distinguished from one which always runs loose. Kurunyung, sneaking out into view; coming leisurely along. Kwrunyung bai bijil, and he came out leisurely into view. Kurupuk, the thick hide of the neck of some animals, especially of deer or buffaloes, which is scraped clean, and then roasted or burnt for eating; much relished by the natives. Kurusuk, to sneak or creep about any tangled thicket, as the jungle, in the way a ti- ger does, or as a man who is hiding himself. Kurusukan, to walk into or through the jungle; to struggle or make your way through any tangled jungle. Kusar, the zodiacal sign Sagittarius. (oml al-Kaus, the bow, used in the Indian way as a zodiacal sign en lieu of Sagittarius; the Greek sign Sagittarius is also known to sy ed Kusial, jumping out into view, coming suddenly in sight. the Arabs under the name of Al- Rámí IE the bowman. Fr.) Kusuma, a warrior, a brave man, a hero; a rebel, a man in arms against established government. Kusuma, C. 184, a flower in general, and hence has been applied in Java to represent valliant men. Déwa kusuma, the flower of the gods; the name of a prominent hero of old Javanese romance; he flourished in the early part of the 10th. century Â.D. and sent his children to continental India to be educated. Raffles Vol. 2 Page 88. He was the grandfather of the celebrated Panji. Kusut, entangled, perplexed, confused, intricate. (Mal. Batav. idem.) Kuta, a fort, a fortified place, a stronghold; a walled town. Kuta, C. 127, a waterpot; a house; a mountain; a fort, a stronghold; a hammer. Ngadangdangan kuta, building a fort. AND ENGLISH. 287 Kutang, a short jacket without sleeves, but buttoning down the front like a European’s waistcoat, (Also a waistcoat of women, worn under the Kabaja, buttoned and cove- ring the breast. Mal. id. Jav. Kotang. Fr.) Kutél, foolish, daft Kutil, a wart, an excrescence on the skin. (Jav. idem.) Kutu, a louse; aflea; Kutu gélëma, alouse on ahuman being, Pediculus. Kutu anjing, a flea on a dog. Kutw hayam, a flea on a fowl. In these two last senses, the Kutu is a Pulex. (Mal. idem. Jav. every kind of small animals. Gericke.) Kutuk, a curse, damnation; 8 kutuk, the accursed one, the damned fellow. Kutuk Al- lah, the curse of God. Kutuk-bluk, the owl, more frequently called Kukubluk. Kutum, a bud, a flower bud. Kutung, a short jacket with what are called short sleeves, which only reach to the wrists ; whereas a native's idea of full sleeves is that they will pull well over the hands. (See Kuiang.) Kutung, maimed so that the stump of leg, arm or finger remains, (Bat. idem.) Ku-ud, Arabie, sitting, remaining in one place on ocassion of praying. (steg ‚ Kuüd, the act of sitting.) Ku-uk, a big full-grown Ongerét. Also the beetle which is often found among old horse or buffaloe dung: in this latter sense it is a Geotrupes. Kuwali, name of a place in the Regency of Galu in Cheribon, where some ancient in- scriptions have been found. The word will admit of the following solution. Ku C. 126 an indeclinable particle of deprecation, implying sin, guilt; reproach; contempt, mean- ness. Wali, C. 628, wild, living in a forest. Ku-wali, a vile person living in the woods, say perhaps some unorthodox sage, who had retired to the solitude of the fo- rest, and hence called sometimes Sanghyang Kuwali, as reported by Raden Saléh. Tijd- schrift voor land- taal- en volkenkunde 1854 Jaargang 2 aflev. 2. Page 155, in the same wayas Kuwéra which see. It may somewhat tend to confirm our acceptation of wak, living in the forest, that no temple or ruins of any buildings have been found near the inscribed stones. (But there has been a Kuta! Fr.) Kuwèng, a name given to the Oah monkey, being an imitation of its cry. Kuwéra, C. 183 from Ku, bad, vile, and wéra, body. The Indian Plutus, the god of wealth. The name of the deity alludes to his deformity, he being represented as ha- ving three legs and only eight teeth. See Soma. Kuwuk, a sea shell in some varieties. Cypraea and Oliva. Kuwung-Kuwungan, the rainbow. Called also Kungkuwung. In Malay called Kung, Marsden Page 274. Kuya, a fresh water turtle or tortoise, found in the inland rivers. Kuya-batu, a smaller variety of the above, in swampy places or on dry land. 238 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Kuyuk, Iwung or young sprouts of Bambu, put in the water to soak before boiling for eating. The young bambu sprouts so soaked. Kwali, a large pan for boiling in. A cauldron. La-as, said of the leaves of forest trees, which have been eut down, and which rot and drop off from long continued rain, before the whole can be burnt. Laban, a tree with white, hard, good wood, also called Kayu arak, Vitex leucoxylon. Labaran, the great Mohammedan festival held at the new moon, on the expiration of the Puasa or fasting month. (Batav. Zêbaran. Jav. Lèbar, to be at the end; vanished. Thus Zébaran the end of the fasting month; puasa Ser. upavâsa, fast, fasting. Fr.) Labaran Haji, a Mohammedan festival held on the 10th. of the month of Haji, after two days fasting, which fasting is, however, observed only by the very strict part of the population, and not by the masses. This is the time when the pilgrims at Mecca collect to perform certain ceremonies, and obtain the right of becoming a Haji, and thus to wear a white turban. Labar-lébér, said of any vessel which is so full of water or other liquid, that with the least motion it runs over. Suswkan hurang jëöro, labar- lébér sapanjang na, the canal wants deepening, the water runs over along the whole length of it. Labét, the spot where the Luluhur (which see) is to be conciliated, which is generally on some mountain top, as if he had left his mark there, which is frequently imagined to be the case, from finding there some vestiges of ancient times. Impression, mark; ancient vestige. Labrang, the shrouds of a ship, the ropes which support the mast. Labu, a gourd, a Calabash; Cucurbita lagenaria, Luabu, C. 604 a gourd, a pumpkin. (Jav, Lawu Ser. Láwu idem.) Labuh, to slip and fall on the ground, as a man in walking. To bring to, as a ship; to anchor. (Mal. idem. Jav. Mal. to let fall, to anchor.) Labuhan-bulan, holes which are found sunk in the ground naturally, especially where limestone formations prevail with natural cavities. The words Labuhan-bulan mean, anchorage place of the moon, thereby indicating that the native fancies that these holes have been caused by the moon going to rest there. Similar holes occur in limestone districts in England where they are called Shake- holes. Labur, to pour out, to start, as grain, rice or similar matter emptied out of a bag upon the ground or floor of a store. Lachak, mark, trace, track of a man or of any animal on the ground. (Jav. idem.) Lachur, disappointed in getting anything. Anything tried for in vain. Lada, peppery, pungent. Lada, C. 606, the beetle creeper. Lada in Malay is pepper, which in Sunda is called Pédës. Siréum lada, a black variety of ant found on trees whose bite is pungent. Ladaëun, having a peppery pungent taste- being warm and pungent. Ladang, the money or other goods got in exchange for anything sold. Ladang pard, the money got by selling paddy. Ladang kuda dì paké mèult kébo, the sale money of the horse was used to buy a buffaloe. AND ENGLISH. 239 Ladén, to oppose, to fight, to encounter in battle. To be ready to receive an attack. (Jav. gan ear) nglddénni, Bat, ladenin, to deliver; to serve; to bring on the table.) Ladog, and Ladogan, to stroll about the country- to become a vagabond. Ladog, a Rhinoceros; also called Badak and Gandol. Lafal, an arabie word used to imply, text of the Koran, or authentic reading. Lefetl, arabie, Marsden Page 303, pronunciation, a word pronounced, a vocable. Jada saking lafal, not in the text. Said playfully of anything done for which there is no express Su” permission. (là), Laftz, or Laftl, vox, vocabulum.) Laga, antics, tricks, deceitful pretence; resistence, see lalaga, In composition of proper names, it means, war, battle. (In the first acceptation it resembles Jav. Balin, Kawi … __Lèga, to be at ease, to live according to one’s inclination, a way, in which monkeys children and natives are always prone to do mischief. Batav. Laga , Melaga—liaga Kawi. Jav. war. Fr.) Lagé, a kind of native game danced or gone through by a number of men to the sound of the gamelan or angklung. Lagu, tune, tone of music; an air. Used often to express the tone or tune of how mat- ters stand. Lagu na kudw di akutan kuorang his tune is that we must carry it away. This word is said to be Sanscrit. Lagu and Zaghu, C. 603, light, soft, easy, swift, speedy. Lah, an exclamation of impatience, or indignity. Laha, a séro or platted and wattled frame of bambu for taking fish; a wattling of sticks and lianes to carry earth with, called also Sampéong. A screen for a house made of split bambu and hung at doorways or in open verandahs. Lahan, a plot or space of ground. Zahan Sawah, a plot of Sawah land. Lahang, toddy, the palm wine or juice which exudes from the fruit stem when beat and cut for that purpose. Called in Malay Tuwak. Lakir, arabie, come into the world, born; to become manifest, visible, manifest. What is seen and understood. (als Tzàhir or Thlâlur, apparens, conspicuus.) - Lahun, to take in the arms and fondle as a child. to swing backwards and forwards in the arms. Lai, an idiomatic expression applied to the bending of soft iron especially. Lain, other, different. It is not so. (Mal. idem. Kawi also Zian, Bat. Zen.) Lainkéën, to make different, to alter, to change; to separate, to part. Lair or Layër, pendulons, hanging down at length, dangling. The reverse of Purëk, which see. Long as a rope. Lairan, to ease off, give length of cord. Laja, a scitameneous plant, Alpinia Galanga. Zaja, C. 606 the root of the Andropogon muricatum. Called in Malay Langkwas. | Laja-goah, a scitameneous plant, Alpinia Malaccensis. Lajéran, to tie up a plant or bush to a stake in order to support it. (Jav. Zajër, the principal root cf, a tree; support, chiefs) 240 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Laju, quick, rapid; straight on; immediately. Zaju nakèr lumpat na he ran very fast, Zaju bai di gëbugan, and forthwith he thrashed him. Zaju balik ha imah, and he immediately went home. Zagu, or Laghu, C. 608, swift, speedy. (Mal. Speedy. Jav. Kawi. To con- tinue ; continually.) Lajur, straight on, continuous, unbroken. (Kawi. To go right through; a straight line. Mal. A furrow. A page with lines drawn on it.) Lak, to guttle, to eat vulgarly. Lak, sealing wax. This word is Dutch, but has been by them adopted from some Indian language. C. 606 has Lakada and Zaksha, sealing wax. (Lded, Ser. the lac- insect; ‘the nests of it are used as sealing wax. It is also a red dye, Wilson.) Lak, does not often occursingly, but appears to be the etymon of Ngëlak to yelp, to keep bellowing out a song; Salak, a prickly thorny bush; and may be also of Galak, fierce, furious, savage, like a dog which growls and barks on every occassion; Salak in Malay is to bark. Laka, a large forest tree, a variety of wild nutmeg. Myristica Iners. Lakëén, woollen cloth. The word is Dutch, of same import. Lakëtai, wigele-waggle, said of any construction which does not hold firmly together, but works loose and shakes, as for instance a cart, a water-wheel or the like. Lakian, to get a husband; said of a woman who marries. Ewéan, lakian pardnti alam dunya, To take a wife or get a husband is the custom of the world. (Jav. Zdkén, to live with a man.) Laklakan, the uvula, the bit of flesh at the entrance of the wind-pipe. Lakop, any covering board along the ends of planking. The plank running the length of a natives house, along the upper ledge, and holding fast the Bilik. It corresponds to the Zinchar which performs the same service below. | Laksa, a lace. 10.000 in the Malayan Archipelago, though on the continent of India, the same word expresses 100.000. Zaksha, C. 602, alack, 100.000. Laksa, vermicelli, rice paste made into long stringy slips; see Sangku. Probably the same word as Zaksa, a lack, from the multiplieity of small round pipes of paste, and by giving it this name, the native perhaps thought that he persuaded his gods, to whom it was offered, that he was very generous towards them. Laksamana, the name of the brother of Rama in the poem Ramayana. (Ser. Lakshmana.) Laksamana, the title of the commander of the fleet in some Malay states. The Hisch- Admiral. Zakshamana, C. 602, chief, principal. Liaksm:, Lakshmi, C. 602 one of the three principal female deities of the Hindus; the wife of Vishnu, and goddess of wealth and prosperity. See Kamala-hiang. Laku, easy terms, endurable, possibility to do anything, acceptable. Zakw di paksa, it is possible to enforce it. Jalan éta to laku di sorang, that road cannot be travelled over. To laku, it cannot be done, it must not be attempted. (Jav. Mal. Going, course, voyage; manner; behaviour, action. Custom.) AND ENGLISH. 241 Lakukëén, to accept or admit as possible; to put up with; to make use of for want of better. Lalab, all kinds of green vegetable matter, as leaves or tender shoots, used as food or eaten. Greens in general. Vide Sayur. (Ldldb Jav. according to Gericke-unripe fruit and leaves, eaten by the Javanese. At Batavia the meaning is the same with that given in this article. Fr.) Lalaga, to play antics; to play tricks with, to make a pretence of resisting , to show fight. (See Laga). Lalai, a bat, Rhinolophus vulgaris, called also Vespertilio. (Bal. lalawa). Lalaki, a male, a man. Owoh lalakian di vnah, is there no man in the house. When Lalaki is used alone, it means a man; but it is also often applied to distinguish the male from the female of animals. Kuda na dua, lalaki na stji, awewe na sis. There were two horses, one male, and one female. Lalakon, as the thing turns out, in this posture of affairs, under these circumstances, seeing that. (See laku.) Lalamakan, the paunch of a ruminant animal, the tripe. Lalang'itan, the palate of the mouth; an awning, acanopy. From Zang, the sky. Lalangsé, Bed- curtains. (Jav. Balin. langsé, lalangsé idem.) Lalar, a fly, the common house fly. Musca. (Jav. lalër. Mal. Zâlat). Lalaunan, slowly, gently, carefully. (See Zaun). Lalawak, a variety of fresh water river fish, so called at Buitenzorg. It is also called Raranchak at Jasinga and in other places. Lalawora, talk in fun, not in earnest; a joke; carelessly, without attention, with in- difference. Ula sok lalawora di gawé, d'ont be working so carelessly. Omong téa sok lalawora Lai, his talk is often in a joke (not really meant). Lalayatan, the rail of a bridge; any object fixed so as to be used, or to hold on by, in crossing a difficult pass, as over a river, ditches or the like. Laléan, also called Maisa or Kuda Laléan, a grandson of the celebrated Panji. One of the early princes of Pajajaran, and a great promoter of agriculture in the Sunda districts, having tamed the buffaloe to the joke. Raffles Vol. 2 Page 94/96. Lalémahan, in spots, only in places; only to be found in certain spots. (Lömah Jav. Balin. ground, spot, earth.) Lalëmpér, boiled këtan rice put up in leaves, as retailed in small quantities. Laléngkahan, a stick or bit of wood laid over a ditch by which to pass. Lalër, to pass along, to beinthe neighbourhood of. Zalër liwat, to frequently pass by; to be in the neighbourhood but to pass by without stopping. Manto ngalalër kadinyo, I did not go into that neighbourhood. Laléëumpangan, to go away together. Gëöus lalëumpangan, they have all gone away together. Laléwa, playing, trifling, making fun, nonsense, monkey tricks. òl 249 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Lali, to forget, used when speaking to nobles-less frequently used than Poho, but its com- pound Kalalén forgotten, is frequently in use. (Jav. Ngoko. Mal. idem.) Lalimasan, a house built with a limas roof, which see. Zmah lalimasan, a house built with a four sided roof. Lalongkrang, a ravine, a gully down which water pours, especially on the face of a mountain. Lalumbutan, part of a native loom, on which the threads are first wound and afterwards rolled upon the Zotogan. | Laluwasa, able to follow the bent of one's own mind, unrestricted. Enough for use and some over; superabundance of anything; having abundance of materials, or means for doing anything; having the means to obtain our object. Lamak, a rag, a bit of torn cloth. Lamar, the tokens of asking a woman in marriage. The quids of sëurëuh carried for that purpose: see Ngalamar. Lamat, a spiders web; more frequently called Ramat. Liamat, expert in climbing. Lambar, the leaf of a tree when used in enumeration or particular designation- daun sëuréuh dua lambar, two leaves of the Séurëuh. Zo sa lambar achan, IT have not got a single leaf (of sëurtuh). A leaf of paper, or of any thin expended object- Daluang tilu lambar three leaves of paper. A distinct and separate hair, Bu-uk sa lambar, a single hair of the head. (Jav. Zémbar, single; a single leaf.) Lambaran, the tie beam in building a house. The beam running lengthways along the tops of the posts, by which they are held together and in their places. Lambëéta, name of a variety of grass, also called Kalam mëta, Lambing, as Chëuli lambing, the loops on a native spinning wheel in which the Kúsis or spindles revolve. Lambit, a small hand net— fixed toa circle of wood. The same as Sambët. Word in use about Buitenzorg. Lambungan, the wand to which the Judi 'or fish-spear is attached. Lambusir, the flesh on an animals back which extends along each side of the spinal bone. Lambut, long in the ear as paddy; lengthy and pendulous— long. Laméh, a tree so called, Alstonia Scholaris. The wood is white and softish, much used by the native turners for making bowls and platters. Lamo, said of work which is done unwillingly. Zamo ba? di gawé you work as if you were very unwilling; to work unwillingly. It also means—aslongas, if onlythat. La- < J mo miunang bai, as long as it can be got. Lamot, to liek, to take up with the tongue. Lampah, to take in hand, to undertake, to receive in charge, to take possession of. Pa- Ì gawéan éta kudu di lampahan, That work must be taken in hand. (Jav. Krämâ= Laku.) | Lampang, a disease or defect in the skin, by which the black colouring matter becomes vn AND ENGLISH. 243 discharged from the epidermis, leaving the skin fair and white as in Europeans. It oceurs in blotehes on the bodies of some natives, but chiefly on the hands and feet. It is the incipient stage, which if sufficiently extended would make the native an Albino. Lampat, to line a dam in the rivers with leaves, clay &c so as to close the apertures, and by raising the surface of the water cause it to flow into the canals of irrigation. Lampës, a plant growing wild, with leaves which, when bruised, ‘smell like those of Surawung, which see. Zampès is a small shrubby plant with fructification terminal to the branches; is of the family of Labitae, and most probably an Ocymum. See Selasi. Lamping, the slope or inclination of a hill: a hill side. Lampit, a rattan mat; a neat mat made of split rattans strung together. Lampor, said of the water which rises over the top of a dam in the rivers, Lampu, a lamp. Dutch and European generally. Lampung, the South end of Sumatra, bounding the straits of Sunda on the north, Lampuyang, a scitameneous plant. Zingiber Zerumbet. Lamun, if, in the case that, supposing. (Jav. idem, Balin. Lamun and Amun.) Lamur, dim- sighted, not seeing clearly- purblind. (Jav. idem.) Lanang, properly Javanese, but still occassionally used: male, masculine; a man. Lanat, Arabie, a curse. Iblis lanat, the curse of the devil; an offhand expression telling a man he is lying. (À 5) Lancha, a spider. Ramat lancha, a cob-web. Lancha-maung, literally the Tiger spider, a tarantula, the bite of which is venomous. Lanchar, divided, split as in numbers. Lanechëuk, the oldest child of a family; the oldest brother or sister of a lot of children. Lanchongan, having an itching desire to move about; always in motion and prying every where. Landak, a porcupine. Hystrix longicauda, Hystrix fasciculata. Landéan, the head of a kris; the handle of a kris. (Jav. una opn wan ay Landéyan, handle of a spear or of a kris.) Lando, below, lower ground, a lower relative position. The converse of Tonggo which see. Di lando, down the hill, below where we stand. Landung, long, lengthy, particularly said of anything which looks long when hung up. Paré na landung, the paddy is long in the ear (when held upin bundels). Ulah lair, ulah landung, Dont let it be pendulous or dangling long. These two expressions con- vey nearly the same idea. (Jav. aan Landung, extended, lengthy.) Lang, a shallow basket for carrying Seurèuh leaves to market, or other articles of mer- chandise. Langganan, a constant customer, or a person who constanly supplies any article at a fixed rate or on fixed terms. Laxgganan béas, a person who is in the habit of supply- ing us with rice or to whom we regularly sell rice. Langgar, to attack, to assail; to encroach upon, to interfere with; to break a law or re- gulation, (Jav. Mal. idem.) 244 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Langgar, a small house set apart for reading the Koran or for saying prayers, where there is no regular mosque; may be thus translated- a Mohammedan private chapel. See Sanggar. Langgari, the spatha or case of the flowers of the Kawung palm, whilst yet close to- gether and unexpanded, Langgé, a large fishing net, like a bag, kept open by a circular hoop, and fastened to a long handle, with which to sweep in deep water for fish. Langgir, a scorpion. Manuk langgir, the scorpion bird, a very pretty bird which bur- rows in soft banks, and is green and brown. Lang'it, the sky, the heavens. (Jav. Mal. idem.) Langka, C. 602 Lanka, the ancient name of Ceylon, much celebrated in Hindu history, as being the place where the famous Rawana had his capital. Langka, no, not at all, decidedly not, none at all, Zangka boga béas, I have got no rice at all. ZLangka daik läumpang, he would not budge. Langkah, a step, the distance which a man covers at every stride. (Jav. Mal. idem.) Langkahan, to step over, to stride across. Langkap, a variety of Palm tree, stem like Pinang, leaves hike those of Kawung; wood is used for Baréra or the staff for striking the threads together in weaving. Langlang, to visit and inspect, to patrol, to look after; to frequent and go along. Ari pagawéan tilok di langlang, if you never look after your work. Lanjam, a plough-share, especially such as are used on the Chinese plough drawn by one buffaloe. The small rim of iron fixed on the share of a sawah-plough. Lanjang, growing up to puberty. Budak lanjang, a young man or woman who has at- tained the age of puberty. (Jav. Lènjang, a woman of a tall and beautiful figure. At Batavia it means careless young people.) Lanjung, having a headache; pain in the- head. Lantaran, having connection with, relating to, being concerned in or with. Zantaran mimiti unjal paré, relating to the time when we began to carry away the paddy. Lan- taran harita about, or connected with that former period. (Jav. Lantaran, way, means, instrument.) Lantayan, bambus tied horizontally to upright stakes, on which fresh cut paddy is hung to dry. The straw ends of the upper tier of bundles of paddy are covered by a slip of atap or thatch to keep the rain from penetrating downwards. Lantaykëén, to hang paddy on a lantayan. Lantis, said when water touches the whole body, head and all; immersed, Lantor, long and broad; said of an implement, as of a pachul or hoe. Lantung, Petroleum; earth oil, a sort of natural tar found welling out of the ground in many parts of Java. (Jav. idem.) Lanus, said of an infant growing ill and sickly, when the Dukun, or native doctor, not being able to assign any other cause, blames one or both the parents with indulging too much in carnal lusts. hr dh AND ENGLISH. 245 Laos, the tender inner middle shoot of the Laja, or Alpinia galanga, which is eaten. Lapak, mark, trace. (Jav. A saddle. Mal. Lápik, ground, footing, where something rests upon.) Lapang, as Tanèuh lapang, a clear, open bit of ground, not encumbered with either trees or buildings. Lupang is properly Malay, but is still current in Sunda in this sense. Lapang, lost past finding; goods stollen which cannot be traced. Lapis, a fold, a thickness, a lining, a layer. Kapal di lapis tambaga, a ship which is coppered, or covered with copper. Paré tilu lapis, three layers or thicknesses of pad- dy (in bundles). Jamang buludru di lapis kain putih, a velvet jacket lined with white cloth. (Jav. Mal. idem.) Lapok, plated; anything fixed on to something else. Lapor, a report, a publie notice; the Dutch rapport. Laporan, to make a report, to give notice. Laporan, an inclosure into which the paddy rents are collected to dry, as they are cut. Lapur, lost past finding, goods stolen which cannot be traced. Laput, covered over, hidden from view. Laput-liput, just covered over; not deeply covered; covered over carelessly. Larang, to forbid, to interdict, to prohibit; scarce, dear, rare. (Bat. Farang. Jav. drang, Larang.) Larangan, anything which is forbidden or prohibited. A prohibition. Unlawful things. Larangan kwmpani, it is forbid by the government. Larap, wandering away, strolling off. Ka mana larap na, wither has he wandered. Lasëm, Europe spun cotton twist. The name of a place on the north coast of Java, ce- lebrated for its ship building. Perhaps formerly it may have produced the cotton twist, which now bears its name, as when Europeans first visited Java, such native twist was a very common article, and used to form part of the tribute of the native princes. Las-lës, the idiomatic expression of skulking out of the way; sneaking off one by one. Las-lës bai jélma tea, the people keep sneaking off. Lasun, a brown four-footed animal of the civet cat tribe. Mangusta Javanica. Lata, a person who is half mad, often a woman who labours under aberration of mind and has extraordinary fancies, (Known at Batavia and Bali. Gericke gives—to laugh without interruption, which is the sign of people who are ZataÂ.) Lau, a conical sugar pot, from which the molasses drain out. Lauk, fish, flesh, meat, Lauk hanchang, fish that swim near the surface and cast their eggs by mija. Lauk Munding, Buffaloe flesh. ZLauk chai, river meat= fish. Ngalalauk, to catch fish. Laun, slowly, deliberately, gently. (See lalaunan.) Laur, the idiomatie expression of walking or running away. Laur bai pulang ka imah, and he walked himself off home. el 246 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Laut, the sea, the ocean. This word is apparently of Sanscrit origin and means Salf-wa- ter. Lawanoda, C. 605. Lawana, salt and Uda, water, the sea of salt water; and ought thus properly to be written Lawud, according to this etymoloey. The word Laut for sea, prevails most in Sumatra and Java, but does not appear to have penetrated into the Great Pacifie. On the Western side of the Archipelago it is found in conjunction with Sagara, which is another Sanserit term for sea. The furthest cast where a word resem- bling Zaut for sea is found, is on the Jalaut islands, a group between Gilolo and Mindanao, where the word Lauri occurs for sea, which may be derived from Za = Lawana C. 602 Salt, and Wari, C. 638 water. It is not a little strange that two Sanserit words should be found in the Archipelago to represent the sea, both analy- zable into salf water; yet that the word to express the idea of water is, in one case, Uda, and in the other Wari, two Sanscrit words, which point to a very early and extensive influence of the natives of continental India on this part of the world. The spice trade must have brought the navigators of the continent, and their name for the sea, to such remote regions. Laut-kidul, the South sea, the sea to the South of Java, to which many mysterious influences are ascribed, as the Javanese know of no other land in that direction. Lautan, the high seas, the open seas- Nyabrang lautan, to cross the seas. Lawai, appearance, quality. Paré diga kiyo lawaë na, paddy of this appearance. Lawan, to oppose, to resist, to stand in opposition to, to compete with, to rival; an ene- my, a foe, a rival, an antagonist; a match, a mate, a fellow. Lawang, a door, a gate. Lawangan, to set up a door; to put a door or gate in house or fence. Lawas, old, ancient; a long time ago. Lwmbur lawas, the old village. Gëus lawas, it is a long time ago. (Jav. Balin. idem.) Lawayan, a bambu frame made like X, to wind thread upon, in order to be able to put it up in banks. Lawayan, as Tunjang lawayan, a diagonal prop or shore. Lawé, thread for weaving, more usually called Kantéh. Lawu, a mountain in Java, to the Hast of Solo, 10.414 feet high. It stands as an im- mense circular mass by itself, and hence probably its name of- the Gourd, as it is the same as Labu, C. 604, a gourd. Laww, Wilsons Sanscrit Dictionary Page 754, a pumpkin, gourd; Cucurbita lagenaria. On the Lawu are found the old Hindu re- mains of Suku. The group of the Liawu seems more especially to bear Polynesian names, which have reference to vegetables or cooking. Thus a little to the South of the chief mass of the Laawu is the Gunung Baligo. The Baligo isa variety of gourd, the Cucurbita Villosa of Blume, and Léor of the Sunda language. Gunung kukusan, is a neighbouring mountain and means the conical basket in which rice and greens are steamed. Gunung köndil, is another and means, a pan, a pot, a kettle. Layang, to soar, to float in the air. 4 ed indi Eke AND ENGLISH. A Layangan, a kite, a plaything made of paper and sent up in the air, Layar, a sail for a ship or boat; a sereen hung up about a house to keep away the sun or rain. To set sail, to sail; navigation. Layaran, to set sail, to sail away. Navigation, sailing. Layës, rafters of a roof which support the ataps, or on which the laths and tiles are put. Layip, very poor, very destitute, most miserable. ‘Arabic Zlaif, weak, feeble. (A) Layur, a long narrow sea fish. Trichiurus haumela. Léah, a variety of bambu, striped like Awi Gëdé, but is smaller and of less use. Léat, name of a common but very good fish in the mountain streams. Léb, the idiomatie expression for water which overflows its banks or brim. Zéb bai lébér, full up and overflowing the brim. Lëbak, a valley, a vale, the low, flat land between two hills. Often enters into the com- position of proper names of places. Lëbak, is also a word used in the formation of certain numerals, and appears to mean a deduction, something less- It is used in the following expressions, which probably applied originally to counting chinese cash or pichis- Lèbak Satus, is 75, something less than 100- Löbak Satak is 175 and Lèbak Samas is 875. (Lhe word Lëbak is used on Bali. Lëbak sëpah means 1600 cash, or 8 rupies kopper. Here isa deduction made of 10 rupies. Lèbak alone is used in the meaning of 75. Fr.) Lèbar, done, dished, disappointed, not getting what we expected. (Jav, Lèbar finished; dis- appeared, not at hand.) Lëbar, a sort of open account kept with a bwsang or paid monthly labourer. Lëbé, a man learned in Mohammedan lore. Lébér, brimfull, fall with a liquid to overflowing. Overflowing the edge. Sometimes you hear lébér-labar, or labar-lébér, as indicating running over in all directions. Lëbok, a vulgar expression for eating greedily or voraciously. To glut, to fill the guts. Di lëbols maung, he was voraciously eaten by a tiger, Sia maën kana ngalëbok bas, all you can do is to guttle- or fill your. guts. Lèbu, dust, fine ashes, soot. The word in Malay is abu, and in Javanese awu. (Lèbu Jav. Mal. idem.) Lëbur, spoiled, destroyed, injured so asto be of no further use. To melt down as metals, to smelt, to dissolve. Jmah na lëbur his house is tumbling to pieces. Wang pérak di lëburkèn, the silver money was melted down. Léchét, chafed as the skin. The skin worn in sores by friction. Lédat, slipped down or off, slipped from its right position. Lédat'kén, to slope off, to cut off with a slope. Lëdis, dished, done for. Lédog, said of fre which has burnt up clean; a clean burn. Parahan di huru ledog, the ___ fallen jungle was burnt clean of. L&dok, muddy, miry; Jalan gëdé lëdok nakër, the great road is very muddy. 248 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Lëédug. muddy, when said of water; turbid. Thick dust flying about. Lé-éh, melted, softened with heat; to become liquid. Lëg, the idiomatic expression of swallowing, of bolting down the throat. Liëg bat di t&uréui and he gulped it down his throat. Lëgah, broad, roomy, extensive, wide. Sawak lëgah, an extensive sawah; Enggon na lègah, its hole is wide. Légé, a cockchafer, melolontha vulgaris. The beetle , shape of the onggrét grub , which see. Légëdu, dirty, muddy. Légér, a leager. The Dutch word legger; a water cask. Légët, a property of well boiled rice. Adhering together when squeezed in the hand and still not clammy: nearly the same as Pulën. which see. Légëudëut, to move in mass, to slip down in a heap, as the side of a hill when satu- rated with rain. To move as a crowd of men or an army. Léglëgan, to swallow, to gulp up. Lëgok, hollow, having a cavity. A hole in the ground. A depression on the surface. A deep narrow valley. Lëgon, a small bay or inlet of the sea. Quere? is the English word lagoon this word adopted ? Léguk, a draught of anything to drink, a gulp of water. Lého, snot, mucous matter coming from the nose. Léjét, a variety of gourd. The outer skin or shell is thick, hard and firm, and when the soft contents are extracted, the shell is in very general use for a drinking vessel or for holding drinking water. Cucurbita idolatrica. Léko-léko, the bends and recesses of a winding river. Lëkoh, strong of ingredients, as tea or coffee made too strong. Said of a flood or inun- dation which comes down in the shape of very muddy water. Léla, a long and thin native brass cannon, generally turning on a pivot. Léla, pleased, content, satisfied, as the natives say, but it is apparently arabic to corres- pond with LaArr and Batin, and may thus mean- events or times which are gone by. Occurs in the expression Lela, lahir, batin, an expression which conveys the idea of full and unreserved consent and approval. Léla, approved of; or what has occurred in former times; ZLahir, what is seen, or the present; Batin, what is yet in futurity, and thus not known. As if a man gave his consent regarding all that which had gone before, wliat now exists, or may exist hereafter. Past- present amd future. (Scr. Lilâ, play, sport, pastime. Much used in Kawi.) Lëlah, weary, faint, tired from exertion, exhausted. Lélang, an auction, a publie outery. Zeylam or Leilao, Portugeese, a public sale. Su- rat lélang, a newspaper, literally a written paper about auctions. Lélé, a fish found in swamps or stagnant pools, and also in rivers. It is provided with sharp spikes at the end of the fins, near the head, which give painful wounds. Cla- rias punctatus. AND ENGLISH. 249 Lélép, to thrust down under water, to plunge into mud or slough. (Jav. id. To sink under water; nglëlëppakön, to plunge under water.) Lélér, to give, to bestow, to confer upon. A refined expression as applied to the act of a great man or a superior. Di lélérkén ha hula ku nu bogah, it was bestowed upon me by the owner. Lélés, the same as Kondang. Ficus subracemosa. Lëmah, spot, place. Zèmah pi-vmahan, a spot to build a house on. Zëmah goréng , a bad spot (often being considered as haunted.) (Jav. Bali. Ground, place, earth; land.) Lémbang, to wash ore; to wash the earth to seek for ore of metals. Lëémbang, a small insect so called, of about size of the thumb nail, which often attacks and injures growing paddy, creeping up out of the mud and water in the Sawahs. Lémbing-batu, a variety of the foregoing insect, Lémbong, cleared away, freed from encumbrances, put in order as a piece of ground or a garden. Lémbong ayëwnah buruan, the plot of ground in front of the house is now cleared up. Liémbong hwmahna, his paddy plantation has been weeded all over. Lémbu, cattle of the cow kind-properly Javanese. Sa kurw ning lémbu, such as the lean- ness of a cow (still lots of meat on so large an animal). A. proverb. Lémbu, is sometimes an appellation for a chief, especially in ancient history, and origi- nally means- the Bull- in the same way as Maisa, Kébo, Panggawa, and Rangga are used. See Raffles Vol. 2. Page 80. Lémbu Ami Jaya; Lembu Ami Luhur. Lëmbuhan, part of a native loom. The stick which separates the alternate threads. Lémbuhkén, a variety of wild pigeon. Lémbut, small, diminutive. Lémék, to speak, to articulate, Zo bisa lemék, he could not speak. Zémék gunung, to speak the mountain (language). To speak Sunda. Lémpag, to throw a spear or sharpened bambu. Lémpénéng, yellow. Lëmpëng, straight not crooked. Kayu lempäng, straight wood. Lèmpèéng bai moro ka tmah, and straight on he went home. Lémpéng, fat and thin like a slab of stone. Lémpéngan, anything which is put up in small flat parcels like shred tobacco. Flat like a slab of stone, Lëmpér, kétan rice made up in leaves and roasted on hot embers. Lémpér, erippled in the arms or legs, said only of mankind, Lëmpog, a preparation of Kadu or Durian fruit and sugar. Lémpong, the slope of a hill. Zempong na gunung ti wétan, on the Eastern slope of the mountain. Léndéh, laid flat; trampled down; as a standing erop of paddy or the like. Léndéhkën, to lay flat, as any growing vegetable matter, either by trampling upon it, or by beating it down with a stick. 32 250 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Léndi, name of a fish inhabiting pools in caverns in the ground. Lénéng, beardless as paddy; without awns. Lëng, the idiomatic expression of telling to walk off, or of walking off. Léng, görrak kaditu déui, be off! and bear a hand and go there again. Zng bdlik ka imah, and off TY went on my return home. Lèéng’ër, naughty as a child. Lénggang, the swinging about of the arms, either in walking or in dancing. À pole tax called Pajég lênggang, exacted from those who do not plant and therefore do mot pay a regular Paddy tax. The synic idea conveyed is that such persons are taxed for swinging their arms about. Léngkéh, a small waist; a mark of beauty in a native’s idea. Léngkéng, The celebrated Chinese nut and tree of this name. The dried nuts are much imported from China. Euphoria Lutschi, Léngkéng, afflicted with the venereal disease. Lëngkëp, complete, perfect, prepared beforehand. Léngkét, clammy, viscous. Said of Kawung toddy which will not boil to sugar and set, but remains like molasses or treacle. Lënglëngan, daft, imbecile; not in a right state of mind. Léng’o, unloaded, not carrying anything with one, unincumbered; unmarried, MNwntun kuda léng'o, led an unloaded horse. Léngsar, smooth and even on the surface; free from asperities. Léngsér, a petty official, A subordinate used by men of rank. Lénjëng, straight, not crooked. Léntah, a leech, a bloodsucker. Hirudo, Lényap, to disappear, to vanish. Zo kébël dëut lényap bai, not long afterwards he disappeared. Léob, to boil, to cook in water. Léor, a variety of long gourd- Cucurbita villosa. Called in Malay Baligo. Léos, to act contrary to orders, to be perverse. Lép, the idiomatic expression of folding down, or laying down in layers. Tlus is the ety- mon of the lap in Salapan, Dalapan, the numbers nine en eight, which mean hteral- ly -one fold down -two folds down, from the ten fingers held up. Lépan, a fold down, a layer. Lëpan paré, a layer of bundtes of paddyas piled in store. Lëpéhkën, to spit out the superfluons saliva from the mouth, which accumulates in che- wing beetle. Lépot, let go, let slip, slipped out. Lépotkén, to let go, to release, to set free. Lëpus, every where examined, and carefully investigated, especially as a country, a dis- trict, a forest, or a plantation. Lës, the idiomatic expression of getting out of the way, of sneaking off. Zès bai ngilës, and he suddenly sneaked off. Zës owoh, and in a jifley he was gone. AND ENGLISH. 251 Lésang, smooth and slippery, as the hair on a cat's back; without any asperities. Slip- pery, as the surface of anything. Slippery and smooth but not oily or greasy which is expressed by Zèu-éur. Lëéslësan, running away and disappearing, sneaking off; creeping out of the way. Lésot, let go, parted hold, relinquished. Lésotkën, to let go, to loose your hold, to relinquish. Lësu, languid, a feeling of aversion to exert one self. (Jav. Mal. Batav. idem.) Létah, the tongue. Goreng létah na, his tongue is bad; as we would say- foul- mouthed, fond of talking evil. (Jav. Mal. Lidah, which T. Roorda wants to derive from Scr. Lîdha licked.) Létah badak, Rhinoceros tongue, Opuntia, Cactus for feeding Cochenille worms, Létak, to lick with the tongue. Létakan, to lick. Uehing ngalétakan manéh, a cat licking itself. Léubëut, having abundance of fruit; fruit hanging in abundance on a tree. Mangga na léubëut tahun iyo, the mangoes have an abundant crop this year. Leuchir, smooth and fair, pretty; free from asperities, Budak bikang lêuchir, a fair young woman. Zöwehir béwnang aing ngabresihan, it is smooth now that L have made it clean. Lèu-ëur, slippery, without friction, possessing oliagenous properties, greasy. Jalan na lèu-Eur, the road is slippery. Kulit na lèu-&ur böunang ngaminyakan, his skin was slip- pery from having had oil rubbed on it. Léugèëut, gum, bird-lime, any clammy exudation from a tree, Manuk bëunang ngalëu- géutan, a bird caught with bird lime. Léuhang, hot water containing astringents or some medicinal herb for a bath, prescribed in some diseases. Lëukéunan, to stare at, to look with a vacant stare. To look on with indifference. To hadé di léukeunan, It wont do to look on with indifference. Léukrah, scattered about; loose and disconnected. Zulang bëdul gêus léukrah, the bones of the hog are separated, scattered about. Lëuksa, a creeper in the jungle, with pretty pinkish campanulate flower. Léulëu-éur, any application made to make a thing slippery. Any oily or greasy matter rubbed on to anything to make it work easy, to destroy friction. (See Lèu-ëur.) Lëéuléus, soft and pliant, flexible, not stiff; the reverse of Jégér which see. Hoih lèu- léus, the flexible rattan, a variety in great request for splitting and using in number- less ways. Called also Hoih lilin, the waxy rattan. Is of the thickness of a man's lit- tle finger. Léuléuyi, slack as water, without current; slowly moving, sluggish. Léuméung, common rice, not Kétan, cooked in a joint of bambu stuck in the fire. The same as Zului, only that in the latter instance the rice is Kétan. Léumpang, to walk, to go away, to proceed on a journey. To bisa lëumpang, he cannot walk. Geus leumpang, he has gone away. Géus lëumpang munggah haji, he has pro- ceeded on the journey to become a Haji. 252 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Léuncha, a shrubby plant. Solanum nigrum. Léunchang, and lëunchangëun, said of the skin rubbed sore or chafed. Liéung’an, the hand. The fore leg of a beast, especially when killed for food. The fruit stem of the Kawung Palm tree, from which is tapped the toddy, which is boiled down into Java Sugar. Panjang lëungan, long handed, means a thief. (Cf. Mal. Tangan. Jav. and also Mal. gap léngën, we lângan, the fore arm). Léung’it, to lose, lost. The same etymon is heard in the Malay word Jlang, to lose. Leung’itan, lost, disappeared, gone without our knowledge. Uneasy at missing. Léungsir, name of a tree. Irena glabra. Léunyai, a glow-worm. Lampyris noctiluca. Léupas, let go, discharged, set at liberty. Flown or run away. Remote, going quickly or far. Zèupas nakèr, he went off very rapidly. Leéupas manuk éta lamun liar, that bird goes far away when it goes abroad. (Jav. Zépas. Mal. Zapas). Läéupaskën, to let go, to liberate, to discharge. Lëupèut, either kétan or common rice put up in small packages, made of young cocoa nut leaves, either already boiled or preparatory to cooking, used to take on journeys. Lëéustuhan, to use for the first time, to make a first trial with. MNgaléuséuhan samping anyar, to wear for thefirst timeanew cloth. Ngaléuséuhan panggilingan anyar, taking a first trial with a new mill. Léut, the idiomatic expression of coming into sight, of making appearance, as growing up as a crop of anything on the ground. Zéut bai datang manuk na, and the birds made their appearance in a flock, Zëut bat jélëma moro, and the people made their appearance in a crowd. Zèut bai paré na gëdé, and the paddy had grown up and looked thriving. Lëut, and lëut-léutan, an interruption, aspace between, at intervals. See Méulëut, and Selat, Lëéutak, mud, mire, wet clay. e Léutik, small, diminutive. The final syllable is evidently Zika, C. 216 little, small in quantity, few. Nu léutik, those of humble degree, the common people. Léutik ang'ën, faint hearted, wanting courage. Löuwék-liyëuk, staring about, looking in all directions, prying about. Léuwëung, a forest, a wilderness. Lèuwéung manwangan, an ancient untouched forest. iéuwéung ganggong, old forest. Léuwi, a deep spot inariver with little current, called in Malay Kédung. This word often inters into the composition of proper names of places, as Lèwuwi Liang, name of an es- state under Buitenzorg. Léuwih, more, in excess. Léuwih hadé, better, more good. Zeuwih gangkong, taller, more tall. Zéuwih jëro, deeper. Lèéuwik tëuyn, vastly in excess. (Mal. Zebeh. Jav. Luwih.) Lëéuyir, late in the season, long in coming to perfection or ripening. Paré léuyir, late paddy, long in ripening. Di pèlak na gëus läuyir, it was late in the season when it was planted. 253 AND ENGLISH. Lëuyit, the native granary where the paddy is stored. It is a small building of wood and bambu placed on the confines of the village, out of the way of accident from fire. Lian, other, different. Zian tò dinyo to aya, other than this, there is none. Beéré nu lian, give another, or give one which is different, (Kawi idem. Jav. Ziya,. Mal. Laon.) Liang, a hole, an aperture, orifice, opening. Liang chëuli, the ear hole. Liang irung, the nostrils, the nose holes. Liang panggalak, the touch hole of a gun. Called also Paswmbon. Liang tahi, the anus. Liar, to go abroad, to stroll out. To stroll carelessly about. To come out to feed as a wild animal. Liat, tough, tenacious. Daging kébo at, touch buffaloe flesh. Kayu Wat, tough wood. Liat is not always so much tough, that is hard, as resisting any attempt to cut or tear it asunder; a cutting instrument only makes small effect upon it, Lichik, skulking from work, evading obligations. Lidig, well beaten down by people passing over; trampled down. Ligar, roomy, having space. Ligar kawung, the spatha or flower case of the Kawung palm expanded. Ligarkén, to make roomy; to set aside or clear away. Ligur, lying about in confusion; in numbers but without order. ij Likët, stiff and adhesive. Clammy. Likur, a word for forming numerals from and with 21 to and with 29. Salikur, 21, Gèënap likur, 26. Salapan likur 29. Likur has an analogous force between 20 and 30, to Wilas between 10 and 20, but this system of notation ceases with 29. 81 is ti- lupuluh siji; 41 opat puluh siji, and soon. Likwr is probably a modification of Ligur, to.lie about in numbers, but in confusion. As when the fingers of the hands had been used for counting the Wêlas, probably stones or other small objects were put down to keep count, and in continuing the process beyond 20, these numerous objects were found to accumulate to an inconvenient extent, and thus Ngaligur to lie about in num- bers and confusion. Likuran, the numbers between 20 and 80. Bulan gëus kuran. The month or the moon is in the stage between 20 and 30 days old. Lilah, slow, slowly, taking much time to do anything. A good time ago, long since. Géus lilak, it is long since. Lilah jasah, extremely slow. Lilin, wax, bee’s wax. Damar lilin, a wax candle. Hoih lilin, the sameas Hoih lëuléus, one of the most serviceable rattans growing. Lilir, to begin to recover health or strength after sickness, to revive; to rouse up from sleep. Paré na gëus lilir, the paddy has revived (after being transplanted). Liliran, an interval of sleep till one awakes again, Lilit, to twine round; to fold round as a string round a stick, a pea- stem round a rod. (Jav. Mal. idem.) 254 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Liliuran, to take turn and turn about; to work alternate turns. To help a neighbour with any work in order to have the same assistance in return. Lima, the number five. In the languages of the Pacific, Lima is the word for the hand, and no doubt indicates the origin of Luma as the numeral 5 from the fingers of the hand. Though the word no longer exists in this sense on Sumatra or Java, still Lima is hand on Bali, Zmé on Lombok, Zina in Bugis, Zimet, in the Aroo Isles, and Lúman on Kissa, one of the Serwatty group to the eastward of Timor. Lima blas, fifteen, Lima puluh, fty. Liman, an elephant. In South Bantam there is a Chiliman, which probrbly originally meant „Elephant River”, though no elephants are now found wild on Java. Gaja is the more usual word now a days for elephant. In Malay also the Sanscrit word Gaja is the usual word for elephant, though in that language is still retained the word Béram, which is thought to have been the indigenous designation of the animal. Ziman, will be derived from lima. Lima-an, having a hand, from the use to which it puts its trunk. If this acceptation is correct we might almost be sure that the elephant was once a denizen of the Sunda forests, as it is still found wild in the Luampungs across the straits of Sunda. Limang kupang, five hundred, the number 500. Litterally five kupang or 500 chi- nese kupang or pichis, the value of which in money of the present day, according to the natives is 20 Dutch doits. The final ng is added to Lima five. Limas, a leaf twisted into the shape of a cup and made fast with a sprig of bambu, to be used as a temporary cup to hold bubur or pap. Limas, a roof with sloping ridge at four corners, abutting against a common ridge pole. A four sided roof. Limbung, top heavy, heavy towards the top so as easily to upset. : Limo, a small sour orange or lime used in making sambël. Luima-déhi, C. 608, a tree, citrus acida. Déhi- C. 285, the lime of which there are several species in Ceylon. ‚Limpas, covered over with water, overflown. * Limus, a bad variety of Manga. Mangifera foetida, which with the K&mang is probably indigenous\to Java. These two are not called Mangga by the natives, but have, as is here seen, purely indigenous native names and grow wild, The proper Manggas were probably originally introduced from the continent and brought their name with them. The Zimus is called Bachang about Batavia, a word dirived from Amba, C. 45, mangga, Chan, C. 191, vile, base. On Sumatra especially, it is sometimes called Ambachang vide Marsden Page 14 and 360, which is still nearer its real origin. Linchar, the plank running the length of a native's house, along the lower ledge, and there holding fast the Bilik. See Lakop. Lindéuk, tame; familiar to man, as animals. Lindung, shade, shaddow, shelter; concealment. See Ngalindung. AND ENGLISH. 255 Ling’as, wild, and avoiding the familiarity of man; said of wild animals. Said of a skit- tish horse which gets easily afraid. Said of a man who skulks out of the way for fear of being apprehended. Lingga, name of an island on the Hast coast of Sumatra between Bangka and Singapore. It has a tall peak on it high 3604 Rhineland feet, which may have been fancifully taken for the Lingga, or Linga, C. 607, the penis, the phallus of Siwa under that emblem; according to the Hindu philosophy the Androgynal symbol of the creative power Brahma, to whom, as not being the living god but an agent or emanation of the supreme being, no temples are erected or dedicated, In the Singapore Journal vol 5 Page 544 we have the following remark about this island. —,, Lingga, an island on the East coast of Sumatra. It is almost a perfect Tri- nacria; it is volcanic, conical and cleft, and thus combines four Hindu mysticisms, the explanation of which, in addition to its Hindu name, will form along chapter for any one willing and able to undertake that work. The equinoctial line passes almost through the centre of the island”. Linggis, a crowbar, a rod of iron used as a gaveloc. Linglung, forgetful as an old man. Lingsig, quick, expeditious; having time. Lingsir, descending, declining; Mata poù gëus lingsir, the sun has begun to decline, The sun has passed the meridian. (Jav. Mal. Bal. idem.) Lini, an earthquake. Zina, C. 608, hidden, concealed. Is the Sunda word derived from this? as the Earthquake arises from a „hidden source”. Zinayt itis concealed, contrac= ted into Zeind. (Balin. Linu. Jav. aen Lindu). Lintang, a star, more generally called Bentang. Lintëuh, fat, corpulent, in good case. Linting, to scorch and bruise, as in preparing some roots for food. Linu, on edge, as the teeth from any unpleasant grating or sound, Lio, a place where briks and tiles are made, a brickery. Liplap, a person whose parents are one of them European and the other native. Mostly born of a native mother by an European father. Liput, covered over with anything, as with earth, with water &c. &c. Liron, to take in turns, turn and turn about; a person assisting another by helping at some work in return. Lironkën, to take in turns, especially said of sawahs left to a family of children, each works the sawah for a year and then passes it on to another. Lisan, word, speech. Lisung, the stem of atree cut out like a boat with aflat bottom; it hasa conical hole also at one end, in this implement paddy is pounded and reduced to rice in every village. À rice-block. Lita, covered over, buried under, as under water, under the surface of the ground. Any- 256 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE thing which has sunk from sight or is covered over as if nothing was concealed, or no opening had been made, as when a stone has been thrown into water. Liuh, stagnant as water, not having a current. Still and quiet. Liung, to surround, to encompass, to gather around. Bur anturcnmat any work; a turn at work alterately with some one else. The person taking such turn. Liwat, to go past, to.go beyond; to pass over; to exceed. (Batav. Jav. idem.) Liyëk, to trample down, to paddle upon and injure; to tread under foot. Loa, a variety of fig tree. Ficus Lucescens. Loba, many, abundant, plenty. Loba jelëma, many people. ZLoba amat omong sia, what lots of jaw you have got. Lobah, about at a particular place, in the neighbourhood of. Zobah tuwër, about the knees. Zoba úmah batur, in the neighbourhood of my companion’s house. Lobak, radish. Raphanus caudatus. Lochéng, a bell. Loehot, tumbling out, getting loose; detached. Lod, the idiomatic expression of anything falling or plumping into water. Lod bai cha di isingan, and plump he eased himself into the river. Lodoh, dirty, foul, impure in conduct; foul in his actions. (Jav. idem. At Batavia it means foul, overripe said of fruit.) Lodong, a large joint of bambu or more commonly two joints with the intermediate dia- phragm knocked out for holding liquids, as water, oil &c. Logak, a small hole or hollow in any surface when horizontal. Logat or Loghat, arabic, word, meaning, interpretation; a vocabulary, a dictionary. S-) „oi (iel Loghat, words, to which a meaning is attached; word, saying. Jl les Ilmui- 4‘ Se loghat, the lexicography.) Lohong, forward, impudent. Lohor, the time of day which answers to our 2 o’Clock P.M. The Arst period for Mo- hammedan prayers after noon. (Arab. pen thluhdr , which means the backside, dorsum, tergum. The backside of the day.) Lohor akhir, about 8 o'Clock P.M. (Arab. jen): Lojor, long and narrow. Batu lojor, a long narrow stone. Loklak, Conus, a hard solid shell fish. From the apex of the shell large white rings are made, which the natives like to wear, under the idea that these rings snap asunder, when they come in contact with any vessel containing poison, and thus give the wea- rer timely notice of the danger. Loklok, solitary, stuck away by oneself; moping alone. Lol, the idiomatic expression of projecting, or sticking out, protruding. Lol bai ku léun- 7 Or AND ENGLISE. 2 gan di ragapan, and stieking out his hand he caught hold of it. Lol bag nontot ti ie- ro ruas and projecting it stuck out of the bambu case. Loloecho, to pound Sëéuréuh in a small hand cylinder for old people who have no teeth to chew. To clean iron weapons with acids. Loloh, to feed animals, to stuff with food. Kébo di loloh ku hu-ut béunang nyuyahan, the buffaloes were fed with bran which had salt in it. Loloh kébo, name of a plant. Raphidophora laura. Lololkën, to stiek out, to cause to project. Zetah na di lololkën, he stuk out his tongue. Lolong, blind, unable to see, though the eyelids are open and the eyes appear perfect. Lolongkro, a ravine on the face of a mountain; a gully, a chasm. Lolong’ok, the door at the back of a native house. The door at the Goak. Loma, an intimate friend. Lonehér, loosened, shaking as the handle of any instrument; getting loose or detached. Long, a cage- word made use of in Pantuns. Zong kanchana, a golden cage. Lone o powder. (Chinese. Used at Batavia.) a squib; an instrument consisting of a bambu tube for firing off moistened gun- Longlongan, spirits or fairies who take away our goods without our knowledge. Longsong, speedy, quick, expeditious. Longsor, to give, to present with. Lonjong, long and even, said of a stone; a slab of a stone. Lontar, name of a palm tree, from which in some parts of the country much toddy is drawn. Borassus Flabelliformis. The Javanese in East Java, call this tree S:walan, and apply Zontar merely to the leaves. Swalan may still be Hindu, Stwa, the god so called, alan, C. 49 an ornament the ornament of Siwa. It is generally supposed that the original name of this palm was Zontal, but that the initial and final letters have been transposed. Bon is said to be an old Polynesian name for leaf- and on Bali, Don means leaf which is evidently a contraction of Daku-an == Don, see voce Daun. Zul is Tala, C. 229 the Palmyra tree. Dontal is thus the leuf - Palmyratree, on the leaves of which, in former times, the natives used to write, and by a slight inaccuracy of understanding the original words, they have transferred to the tree, a name which in its original only strictly applied to the leaves. (According to Gericke also the name of the tree in Javanese and Malay. In Bali also. The leaves are in common use on Balt and in some parts of the interior of Java as the only writing material Fr). Lonté, a harlot, a whore, a prostitute. (Jav. aeengop Lont id.) Lopak, to plate, to cover with a plate of metal, especially silver or gold. Lopang, name of a creeper with deeply scolloped leaf, and rough to the feel; flower white; fruit round and red, but not eaten on account of its bitterness. Loréng, striped, streaked, as some animals, dogs, tigers &c. (Jav. Léréng according to Gericke, but there also is heard machan loréng, the striped tiger Fr.) 258 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Loro kidul, generally called Nyai Loro kidul, the beautiful lady of the South. Is a fa- bulous personage to whom the Javanese attach much mysterious importance. She is the spirit of the mysterious Southern ocean whom the natives fancy they can consult on grand occassions of emergency. Her abodeis supposed to be in the grotto of Man- chingan in the territory of Jugyakarta. (She is also known at Bali, and is a form of the consort of Siva. Her abode being placed in the South isa token more of the Hindus, at least partly, settling first on the South coast of Java. Fr). Los, the idiomatie expression of going; to go; the act of going. Zos ka sdwah ngurusan chai na, he went to the sawah to look after the water. Los sia pulang, go you and return. Loténg, a loft, a garret; more especially ina European built house. (Jav. Batav. idem). Lowih, more, in excess. Lowih tëuyn, far too much. Kayëun lowih kéjo, asal ulah kurang lauk, never mind there being to much boiled rice, as long as there is meat to eat with it: a common native witticism. Zowik is also used to form a comparative degree. Lowih hadé, better, more good. LowiA panjang, longer, more long. (Jav, Lauwih. Kawi Léwih. Mal. Z&biA). Lowihan, to give more, to make an addition. Loyog, going away without permission or asking leave; going carelessly away. Ka mana loyog na, wither has he made his escape. Luah, spittle, siliva. Luahan, to spit upon. Luang, without, deprived of, having the want of, missing. Zilok lwang balanja, he is never without pocket money. Zo lwang pot, never a day goes past without it; never missing a day. Luar, outside, without, beyond. Zuaran pagèr, outside the fence. Di lar imah, outside the house Di luar, outside, without. Ma lar, towards the outside; left any service or employ. Come out! Lubang, a fresh water eel. Common in mountain rivers, where it nestles in holes or ca- vìties in the banks. Luchut, to slip or drop out of place, To get loose. Same as Lochot. Ludëung and Ludèëungan, bold, fearless. Zo ludéurg, 1 dare not; 1 am afraid. Ludi, done out of, swindled, something lost or taken from us, dished, Lugag-logog, knocking gawkily about; strolling about without any apparent occupation. (Jav. Lgëg and lëgog, bemg dumb from astonishment). Lugai, with the hand open; with the fingers stretched out. Zo bisa lugai 1 cannot open my hand (from something being the matter with the fingers- so stiff as not to open). Lugudur, to roll along in mass; as earth which is saturated with water or rain, and slips from its position, as in a dam or hill side. Lugudur bai jéléma, the people ad- vanced in a thick mass. Luhur, high, elevated; top, upper side or point. Gunung lukur, a high mountain. Di AND ENGLISH. 259 bulaer gunung, on the top of the mountain. Di luhur, on the top, above. Luis, sleek and clean. Luk, the idiomatie expression to indicate anything bending down or curving round like a hoop. A bend, a twist. See Ngëluk, Péluk, Téluk. Sabraha luk d&ui iyo chai manan daik datang, how many more bends are there in this river before we arrive. Luku, to plough; a plouch. (Jav. Batav. Waluku. Luku is an abbreviation). Lukun, the quids of Sëuréuh tied up in a particular manner, which are carried and pre- sented by the parents of the man to the parents of an intended bride, when a mar- riage contract is agreed upon; this is done in the ceremony of Ngalamar. Lukut, moss, any small mossy vegetable incrustation. Luluguh, the chief person, the leading man whom other follow. The chief ingredient in any compound. The original outlay. Luluh, to trample on and mix up; to knead. To trample on earth so as to knead it, in order to make a stiff homogenous clay for the purpose of making bricks or tiles. (Jav. Luluh, melted; Luluwan, clay, wherefrom bricks are made). Luluhur, a progenitor who has become deifyed. This idea still adheres to the Sunda people from ancient pagan times, that their progenitors were a sort of demi-gods, and that they have still a supernatural influence over human actions. The word is derived from Luhur, high, elevated. (The same idea ason Bali prevails about the Pitara, the ancestors, who are called also Bugut. Fr). Lului, to prepare këtan rice by putting it ina bit of bambu which is then stuck into the fire or among embers to cook. The bambu burns but the rice is withdrawn in due time properly cooked. Lulumbungan, to catch fish by piling up aheap of stones in the river, amongst which the fish creep, mostly small ones. At intervals a large casting net is thrown over the heap of stones and the fish secured. The Etymon of this word — Zumbung, is in Ma- lay and Javanese, a granary, but is not used in Sunda. Lulup, to steep in mud, as is done with some barks preparatory to making them into string or cords, which process renders the material durable. Zal lulup, is string so treated. (Jav. Lulup, a string, or cord made of the bark of the Waru-tree, from oo which a kind of rough clothing is made. Gericke.) Lulurung, an avenue, the passage between two rows, as of planted trees or the like. ‘Lulut, a fine chain, as for watches &c. Fine gold or silver chain. Lumaku, to have employment, work or occupation. (Derived from Laku in the common Javanese way). Lumampu, to exert oneself; to do anything for alivelyhood. (Cf. Jav. Lampu and Ma- lay Zampoh or Lampau). Lumar, name of a sort of fungus growing on old trees or rotten wood and which shines bright in the dark. Called also Supa lwmar, the lumar fungus. Lumar, dim- sighted, obscure or perverted in vision. 9260 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Lumayan, a trife, something better than nothing. Zwmayan bai? di béré kulitna, he gave me the hide, which was better than notlung. Lumayung, said of fruit which hangs invitingly ripe on trees. Lumbrah, with common consent; of one accord. Notorious. What is usual or customary. Lumbrah batur, what is usual with other people. Lumbur, a village, a collection of native houses. The final syllable Bur, poured out, dispersed, would seem to denote the spot from where the people poured out daily to their occupations. The wmis constructive, denoting the act of dispersing. Bur in the sense of dispersing or pouring out is heard in many words, as Zöbur, melted down as a metal (so that it can be poured out.) f'abur, poured out. Kabur, run away. Ma- bur, run away. Labur, to pour out, to start out- in the Malay of Java. This idea may have arisen among a people uniting in villiges for mutual defence, as the natural state of savages would beto live much apart, or every man in his pad- dy field, or where he had the means of getting his subsistance, where they probably lived in a Faxggon, which see- here and there, as is still the case with some of the ruder tribes on Borneo and Celebes. Lumbur, on the above supposition, would be the converse of the malay word Lum- bung, a granary, a Paddy store. The Bung in this sense is very probably heard in the word Bwngkus, a parcel, a roll; Bwmbung, a bambu for keeping anything in. Kämbung swollen, inflated. Jubung, a circle of mat work set ina boiling pan, to pre- vent the matter boiling over. Bung in these senses being indicative of containing, having capacity, and is again heard in the Sunda Zulumbungan, which probably is the word, now in its simple sense of Lumbung only retained in Malay, but still indicating in Sunda- a place into which fish collect. That savage natives do not often, in the early stages of their existence collect into villages, may be learned from the present state of the ruder parts of Celebes. Captain van der Hart in his „Reize rondom het eiland Celebes 1854” says at Page 70 when speaking of the Malfours of the East coast of Celebes — „Their dwellings are made of bambu and wood, and all rest on the top of high posts, elevated above the ground. They are not collected in Kampongs (villages) but every one lives by him- self, scattered over the country, close to their Zadangs (Humahs), and as they have to change these every year, such also is the case with their dwellings”. Lumého, said of the pulp of a cocoanut which is still soft and young- hardly fit for use. (Cf. Leého). Lumpat, to run away, to scamper off, to run hard. (Jav. Mal. Spring; malumpat, to spring). Lumping, a buffaloe hide, streched out and dried for use. Lumpuh, lame, crippled with disease, palsied, numb; having legs swollen with Elephan- tiasis. (Jav. Mal. idem). Lumpui, a small dwarf shurb, with red berries and broad leaf. It is said that when AND ENGLISH. 261 young women use this plant medicinally, it relaxes the female organs, and is used be- fore marriage. Lumuis, grown up as an animal; coming to maturity, and the hair of the skin getting smooth and shining. Lumur, a drinking glass, a tumbler. (From the Dutch Loemmer). LLumur, occurs in the expression Chukup lumur, to hush up an unpleasant business. Lumut, short moss or excrescences growing on wet stones, when long itis called Luut. (Jav. Mal. idem). Lumut, the oily sliminess or slippery matter on fresh caught fish. (The sameasthe pre- ceding). Lunchat, to jump, to take a spring. (CÉ Zumpal). Lunglum, to sit on eggs like a hen, to brood egaos. Lungsar, stretched out at full length when lying down Lungsur, to start on a journey, as a great man with many attendants. Luntak, cleared off as a debt; discharged- paid off. Luntur, to discharge colour like a piece of bad prints: loss of colour; washed out. Luput, in vain, no use trying. Not getting what we try for; to fail; to miss, Lurah, a head man, a chief over several villages, or a small district. NgruraA implies anything that casts a a shade- Palindungan, an umbrella; and also the vault of hea- ven. Ngrurah, Angrurdh, and Anglurah, areon Java Zurah, achief of the 4th. class. Friederich on Bali: Batavian Transactions Vol, 23 Page 31. Luri, a beautiful, red, middle sized parrot brought from the Moluccos. (Another name used at Batavia is Norg). Lurung, a path, a lane, an avenue; a street. (Jav. Mal. idem). Lusé, hungry, faint from want of food, (CÉ, Zèsu). Luséan, the warp or threads lengthwise in a web of cloth. Lutung, the black monkey, Semnopithecus Maurus. Lutung Kasarung, a character in the history o Pajajaran. See Kasarung. Luwër, muddy, opaque with dirt; said especially of muddy water. Luwëér-léor, to wriggle as a snake moving along the ground. Luwuk, a place, a spot of ground. Nyambut sawah dua luwuk, to work sawahs in two places. Zuwuk na hade göusan vmah, the spot is good for building a house on. Zu- wuk iyo wlah di kébonan, do not make gardens in this place. Ma, mother, mamma. Amma, CG. 44, a mother. Amama, C. Vol. 2. Page 572 mother. Ma, an expletive particle which has its force in composition, but admits of no definite translation. Jmah na ma hadé, as to his house, itis good. It will often answer to the English expression- as far as, as to. Siz ma tlok bisa bogah urusan, as for you, you can never come richt. Kalakvan nana éta ma to mèunang di wada, as far as his con- duct is concerned, you cannot find fault with it. Ma is also a constructive particle not only in Sunda but in most of the Polynesian languages, and is an inseparable 262 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE prefix giving a verbale power to a substantive or idiomatic expression, as Mabur, to run away, from Bur, which see. Ma-akham, burying ground, a place of interment for human beings; a cemetery. Ma- kam, arabie, place, situation. Makamkën in Malay, to bury, to inter. (Arab. p\ée Ma- qûâm remaining at a place; a place). Ma-ap, arabic, absolved, pardoned, excused. The word is in common use for asking pardon, or begging excuse in occurrences of every day life. Pardon me; Excuse it. (sle). Mabok, drunken, intoxicated, as with strong drink. Made giddy, deprived of your right senses by any deleterious matter taken into the stomach. Exhausted, giddy from fa- tigue or exposure to the hot sun. Perhaps it has a common origin with the Bo or crude part of the verb Bonowa, to drink, see Lambrick’s Singhalese grammar Page 85. The ma prefixed is the Polynesian constructive particle. (Mal. zl, Mábog). Mabur, to run away, to skulk off; to make off without leave. (Jav. To fly, to get off quickly). Machét, close fitting, said of clothes which fit close to the body, as sometimes worn by native coxcombs or belles, Madang, to eat, to make a meal. To take a snack after the great meal of the day from remnants. See Jumuluk, which is to take a snack, nearer the nest great meal, (enaar Madang, Jav., to eat rice). Madang, name of a tree, a variety of Murw or Litsaea. The Madang, Litsaea Elliptica is covered with blood red leaves, when they first evolve, but turn green after a few days. Madat, a preparation of opium, boiled down to a black substance resembling treacle; _in this state it is sold by the opium farmers and ready for smoking. (Jav. Mal. idem). Madét, pressed together; forced down in close contact as by pressure. Especially said of earth which has been well trodden down. Madion, name of an (nland residency of Java. Madya, C. 512 the middle, centre. Yon, C. 576, a caste, a race; also the the Elu form of Yawana or arabic. Quere also of Java, and thus „the centre of Java”. (Written in Jav. en ag zon Madiyun). SLT Madraséh, arabic, a college or academy tor learning the Mohammedan religion. (4, se Madrasat, gymnasium, academia, collegium). Madu, Honey. Madhu, C. 518, honey, the nectar of flowers. (Scr. Madhu). Maduk, hit against, coming in contact with, clashing Sg, mutually opposing. Madura, an island next last to Java and forming part of the residency of Sourabaya. Madhura, C. 514 from madhu, honey, ra, to have or get. Sweetness, the sweet taste; sweet, pleasing, agreeable, liked. (Madhura, Scr. sweet taste, sweetness; adject. sweet; pleasant). Magah, to teach, to instruct, to have an idea of, to entertain opinion. Magah na ka kula AND ENGLISH. 263 hade, his instructions to me were good. Ulah sok magah manéh, Dont be surprised. Dont be thinking to yourself (that you are not wrong). Magalan, name of the chief place in the residencey Kadu. Magul, C. 504, the Elu form of Mangala, fortunate, happy, auspicious, festive; of the marriage ceremony. Alan, C. 49. an ornament. Magul-alan auspicious ornament. Or maga, C. 504, the Elu form of marga, a road, a path. Maga-dlan road ornament. Both or either name may point out to some connection with the approaches to the neighbouring grand temple of Boro Budor. The name of the place is sometimes spelt Magalang, and also sometimes Ma- galaan. (Bhagelana or Baglana is part of the Mahratti country. Might this Indian name have been transferred to a part of Java? Jfagalancould be in this case the same as the name of the residency of Bagalen, which is proximate to Kadu. See Bagalen. Fr.) Magas, to cut away the seedy strings from the end of the fruit stem of the Kawung Palm, preparatory to obtaining the Toddy. Magër, to fence in; to put up a fence of any kind, to shut out, to preclude. See Pagèr. Magoan, fixed and firm in some place. Unmoved, not changed. Magut, caught, arrested by catching against anything. Impeded in its course by striking against some object. Mah, in composition seems to indicate a place, a spot. As Imah, a house; probably de- rived from Diam, to dwell, to put up, to be quiet- this Diam, however, is not Sun- da but Malay- and Mah. The / in mah may be derived from the Singhalese nnawa to sit, to beat rest, to stand. The final nawa is constructive. Mumah, an upland Pad- dy plantation, from Mua or Bua fruit, and Mah. Bêwmah, an abandoned Paddy plantation, after the erop of Paddy has been got off it; the meaning of Rèw is not very apparent, as it does not occur as a separate word in the Sunda language, but we have the following. Zëu-a?, having many children, prolific. Mäunèukh, pregnant, with child. Rènung, springing up; so that Mäumah, may be the place of prolificness, from the vigour with which the native jungle regains its ascendency when left to itself. Maha, Great, eminent; very, extremely. Maha, C. 526, Great, large, big. Mahabharata, C. 528, from Maha, great, Bharata, the poem so called from Bhara, C. 491. a weicht, a load, a burthen. The name of the great epic poem so much ce- lebrated amongst the Hindus; so called in allusion to the fable of the Rishes putting it in a scale and weighing it against the four Vedas, when it was found to outweigh them. Mahadéwa, C. 530. Maha, great, déwa, a god. A name of Siwa. Mahadéwi, C. 530, the goddess Durga, the wife of Siwa. Mahal, dear, high priced; scarce. (Mal. idem). Mahi, enough, sufficient; equal to, to have in one's power to do anything. Chai na ayëunah mahi, there is now enough water. Budak iyo mohal maki ka kolot, It is but a youth, and not likely to be able to contend with an old man. 64 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Mahomét, vide Mohammad. Mahugi, to make love- presents; to carry presents to the intended one. Maido, to disbelieve, not to put trust in. Sok maido lamun ka kula, he never believes what I say. See Paido. Main, to play, to have motion as a piece of machinery. To play for money, to gamble. To play- in the sense of seeking amusement, is not main in Sunda, as in Malay, but Ulin. Maisa, a title applied to the ancient chiefs or kings on Java, both at Janggala and Pajajaran. As Maisa Laléan occurs at the former place Raffles Vol 2 Page 94 and Browijaya Maisa Tandraman occurs at the latter. Raffles Vol. 2 page 96. The word means bufraloe. Mahisa, C. 533, a buftaloe. Mahisha, C. 533 from Maha, to wor- ship; a buffaloe, the emblem and vehicle of Yama; the name of an Asura or demon slain by Durga. Makishi, C. 533. a female buffaloe; the wife of a king, but especial- ly the one who has been consecrated or crowned. A queen. Makisa or Aëbo, both words implying buffaloe, are ancient appellations of the Kshatryas on Java. Friederich, Bat. Trans. Vol. 23 page 21. Maisa, is a title of some of the Chiefs in early Javanese history. Thus we have Kuda or Maisa Laléan, to whom one of the discrepant accounts ascribes the foundation of Pajajaran. He is said to have tamed the buffaloe tothe yoke, from which cireumstance he was called Maisa or the buffaloe, whilst his decendants went by that of MZunding , which is the buffaloe in colloquial Sunda. Maisa, however, is no doubt the Mahésa of Clough Page 534, from Maha, great, and Zsa, Lord, or god, and as such an appei- lation of Siwa, which cognomen had been applied to a distinguished prince who had either founded a new empire or taught the people the use of agriculture. Maisa, a name of Siwa, might have been applied to the buffaloe as taking the place of the sa- ered bull of that deity, which is still observable in some of the old monumental ruins in Eastern Java. Mahésa, however the case may be, passed fora buffaloe in ancient Javanese times, thus we have MZahesasura, the demon in the form of a buffaloe slain by the Hindu goddess Durga. Maja, a large forest tree, with reticulate and aromatic fruit. Aromadendron elegans. Maja, a liane which produces a round fruit of the sìze of a man’s fist, Crataeva marme- los, has a hard shell, but contains a soft inside, which can be easily removed like the contents of an egg. The word has a Sanscritical sound, and from the nature of the fruit may be so called from Majja, C. 505. marrow, pith, sap. From this Maja, the old capital of Java Majapahit, derived its name (Majapahit is a translation of Wilwa-tikta, the Ser. name of the same place. Wilwa is Aegle marmelos, tikta is the same as the Polynesian pakit, bitter. Fr). Maja, used in the expression. Nista, maja, utama, three methods of warning which are considered by the natives as a sufficient display of patience. The Maja in this case AND ENGLISH. 265 appears to be a form of majakkha, C. 505, the middle, the centre- thus a first war- ning, a middle warning, and a final warning, with which its position in the aphorism corresponds. (Maja is here a corruption of madhya, middle. Cf. Oesana Bali in „Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie” Vol. LX. Part. 8 pag. 340. Fr). Majakani, gall nuts, imported from Persia. Mujja, C. 505, the marrow of the bones, pith, sap. Kham, C. 158 the Sun, Majapahit, the name of an Empire on Java, towards its eastern extremity, before the introduction of Mohammedanism. Majapahit has its name from Maja, the frut Crataeva marmelos, and Pakit bitter, Raffles Vol 2 page 98. The date of the foundation of Majapahit was Anno Javae 1221, to which must be added 78 years giving A.D. 1299. It was destroyed on the introduction of Mohammedanism at the close of the 15 Century. The ruins and remains of Majapahit are still found near Mojokërto in the residency of Sourabaya. Majër, to have an idea, to be of opinion, to have an objection. Most commonly used along with Manéh, self, as majër maneh to make an objection, to suggest an idea. Jo bisa majër manéh he must comply, he can bring no objection, he can suggest no opposition. Majir, a female animal, especially a buffaloe, which will not breed, will not bear young, but being generally fat and in good condition is frequently chosen to slaughter. Maju, to go forward, to advance, to proceed. Maju ka jëro, to proceed inwards. Zo tulus maju ka luwèung, the going into the forest did not take place. (Jav. Batav. idem.) Maju and Majuhan, to eat greedily, to guzzle. (Kawi Mayuh, to eat Gericke.) Majum, oakum, made either of untwisted rope, or of the scrapings of dry bambus. (Chinese.) Maka, let it be, cause to be. Maka ka jauh, cause it to go to a distance. Maka lukur, let it be high. Ulak maka ka mana mana, maka dèuktut, D'ont get yourself out of the way, remain near- or more literally d'ont cause yourself to go any where, let you be near. (Jav. Mongka mera and; now. Mal. Maka, and.) Makasar, a nation and town on the west coast of Celebes, called by the natives them- selves mangkasara. Makaya, to excercise a trade or calling, to do something to gain a livelyhood. (From Kaya, Jav. goods, means. Mal. rich.) Makbul, conceding, a prayer granted — getting what we pray for. (Arabic, ee magbûl, acceptus, gratus.) Makul, appropriate, convenient, fitted for the purpose, suitable. Makul, aribie, just, rea- sonable. Crawfurd. Ge Ma’gál.) Makuta, a crown, a diadem. Makuta, C. 503, a crown, a headdress, a tiara. (Sct. Ma- kuta and Mukuta). Mal, corpus delicti in law questions. Some tangible proof of a erime or offence commit- ted, as the goods stolen, the weapon with which a wound was given, or the like. (Per- haps Je Mûl, property). d4 266 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Malabar, name of a volcanic mountain in the Preanger Regencies, South of Bandone. o The word does not occur singly in Sunda, but may be the word Zabar as occurrying in Lébér-labar or Labar-lébér, running over in all directions, on all sides as a Volcano might discharge its ashes or lava, first on one side, and then on the other, all round the crater. Ma would then be the usual Sunda constructive particle, giving the word a verbal form. Im Sunda is also used Bar-bur bai which see. (Malawar, Kawi according to Gericke, fo spread every where, to cover, to make dirty all together). Malah, rather, by preference. Mohal di béré, malah dì balangkën ha chai, as if he will give it to us, he would rather fling it into the river. (Batav. Malûhan idem. Jav. Ma- lah, besides, and also, even. Mal. #L, Mélah, so that, till- that, till so far. Fr.). Malah-Malah,a duplication of the above word by which it gains force. Used in an ar- gument showing an objeetion. ding léwmpang, malah-malah di gébugan, 1 go, I would rather have a thrashing. MZalah-malah sia to lémék sakali, on the contrary you never said a word. Malaka, name of a tree, Emblica officinalis. Malaka, a town in the straits of that name. The name is familiar with the natives as connected with many objects which are thought best as coming from that place. The town was founded by the Malays in A. D. 1252, and conquered by the Portuguese sous Jes JD) ABL Malam, bee's wax; any adhesive waxy matter. Malam Siréum, such wax prepared by ants, a sort of lac. Im malay this is called ga/a-gala, which also means rosin. Ma- lam is a dry, caustic, cant expression for food; grub. Madé malam na, he served good grub- something that will stick to a man’s ribs. Malam is of Sanscrit origin. Mr, Friederich writes me- mala (masculine—neuter malam) and gives explanations from the Sanscrit which are word for word the same as in Clough 521, who gays- according to Sanscrit authorities it is derived from mala, to hold, to contain, in the body. Any excretion of the body, as serum, semen, blood, marrow, urine, faeces, ear-wax, nails, phlegm, tears, rheum, and sweat; sin; dirt, ‚_ filth; dreg, sediment; rust; and Mr. F. adds camphor. Malang, name of a fine romantic mountainous district in the residency of Pasuruan, con- taining many remains of Hindu Antiquity. Malang, athwart, across, barring the way. The converse of mujur which see. Malang jalan, across the road. Malang neng'ah, where something is athwart in the middle. À not unfrequent name for a place. Malang chat, athwart the stream. (Mal. Málang , adver- sity; unfortunate, of bad success. Jav. Alang and Malang the same asin Sunda. Fr.) se Malarat, indigent, destitute ; labouring under privations. (Jav. idem. Arab. Mal. madlarat ie dammage, injury; originally perditio.) Malayu, Malay. Basa malayu, the malay language: orang smalayu, a malay man or woman. Jfalayu in Javanese and Balinese means- to run away, to be a fugitive- and ANNSD MEIN CTS 267 is supposed to have been given to emigrants from the interior of Sumatra, who settled in various parts of the Indian Archipelago, founding the old kingdom of Singapore. Itis supposed that these emigrants got the name of the Hugities from their wandering and marauding habits. They thereby contrived to make their language the Basa Malayu the lingua franca of the Archipelago. Malayukën, to conduct into the presence of. Malëei, a palace. Maligawa, C. 540. a palace. (Jav. Malige, the throne, the golden seat; a cupola. Mal. sle müligei, palace, princely dwelling; the place in the palace where the sleeping rooms are.) Maleikat, arabic, angels, an angel. The word is the arabic plural of Malak, which the Javanese do not use except in the expression AZalak al maut, the angel of death, which however is entirely arabic, (Ee Maläïikat plur. of EU possession. Malak-ul-maut ought to be mali &Sl, possessor; ror.) Maléla, occurs only in the expression Chadas maléla, an indurated sedimentary rock. See Chadas. (Jav. Maléla, shining black ground, or sand. Mal. Kawi steel.) Malëm, is properly Malay for night. Im Sunda it indicates the nichts from the 20th to the 30th of the Pwasa or Fasting month, when the prayers in the mosque are redou- bled, and the Koran expounded. Maléëman, to keep up the ceremonies of the Malêëm nichts. Malëng'ëk, inwardly vexed, provoked, feeling dissatisfied. (Batav. To fel eenvy). Malés, to rebound, to fly back, as a spring. To retaliate, See Balës. Malik, arabie, a king. Used in connection with Scripture history. (lo and (= sil, Malik and Malik). Malim, arabie, a man skilled in any science or occupation. It is usually applied to men who are wise in the construction of canals of irrigation, and whose services are in great requisition. Malima, C. 540, the science of navigation. The Singhalese have, no doubt, derived this word from the Arabs. (From le Alima, to know.) Maling, to steal, to purloin. (Jav. Mal. idem). Malingping, a slope, adeclivity of the land. Matlingping ti kalër, on the northern slope. Malipir, to skirt along the edge; to walk or pass along the boarder. Malipir këbon, to sneak round a garden (as if looking to get in and steal something). Malipir chai, to follow the windings of a river. Malipúr lambaran, to creep round by the tie- beam (of a roof). See Pipir. Maliwis, the wild duck of Java. Anas Arcuata, of Horsfield; Dendrocygna arcuata, of Cuvier. Called in Malay Balibis, Marsden Page 46. Malulu, assuredly, clearly, evidently; quite true, indubitably. (Milulw, Kawi, êrue, indeed). 268 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Mam, to eat, to take food; a rather cavalier expression. Musim pëchëklik, owoh gëusan mam, it is the season of scarcity of food, and we have nothing to eat. (Batav. Used in adressing children). Mama, an uncle or aunt, indifferently whether younger or older than the parents of the person to whom it applies, an uncle or aunt in general, without reference to age. See Uah and Paman. Mama, C. 537, a maternal uncle. A. father’s sister’s husband. Mamah, to chew, to macerate in the mouth. (Jav. Mal. idem. Cf. Mam , in stead of makam). Mamaha, to assassinate, to secretly make away with, to murder. Mamala, anything or person lying in the way, so as to impede or render unsafe the pas- sage. Said of a wild animal which makes a road unsafe. Mala, C. 521, according to Elu authorities (mra to die?) a Vedda, a forester, one who lives by his bow. Dead, deceased, extinct. Mamangsén, an inkstand; something to put ink or mangst in. Mamanik, the pomum Adami, the projection on a man's throat; also the upper part of the throat, close to the root of the tongue. Mamarakan, name of a creeper in the jungle. Mamayu, to recover the appetite after a fit of illness. Feeding greedily after illness has gone off. Picking up the flesh. Mampu, having the means; possessed of property. Zo mampu mayar, unable to pay. Jé- léma mampu, a man with means. (Batav. idem.) Mana, where, in what place. Di mana, in what spot; where. Ka mana, to where; where are you going. The word is often rendered forcible by duplication. Di mana mana gé sia mohal bisa urus, in whatever place you live, you will never do any good. (Mal. idem. Jav. he, that; he there, that there; such, such a one). Mana, meaning, signification, sense. Marsden says it is arabic, but it is also Singhalese: 407 B 7 5 Mana, C. 514 to know, to understand. (Arabic ee Ma'ná, signìficatio , sensus; the Ceylonese word to be derived from the sanscrit root man to think. Fr.) Manan, before, than, more than. A word formed of mana, where, and the constructive particle an. This suggests an idea of comparison. Where of the (two or number). Manan is used in forming the comparative degree. yo hadé manan itu, this is better than that. Daik manan, the more preferable; L would rather have this alternative. Sijt déwi manan mali, we must have one more before we have enough. See Pang. Mancha-nagara, the provinces of a kingdom, which are at a distance from the chief seat of government. Mancha, C. 506 derived from machi to be high or tall- a bed, a bedstead; a plat form, a scaffold; an elevated shed raised on bambus in a cornfield &c., where a watehman is stationed to protect the corn from cattle, birds, wild beasts &ec; a sort of throne or chair of state, or the platform on which it is raised. Our Mancha-nagara, are therefore outlying districts, or district watch stations, where an officer is put to watch the interests of the sovereign. (Í suppose mancha to be derived from pancha, ve, the five (outside) towns, Fr.) AND ENGLISH. 269 Manchak, ground disposed in consecutive flats, like the steps of stairs. Manchal, said of water which rises in a flood and overflows the land. Chat na manchal ka darat, the water rose and overflowed the land. To jump up, to hop. Manchal, said of a woman who goes to the priest and asks to be divorced form her husband. Probably a simile taken from the foregoing word and expressive of an un- natural course of events. Manchas, a method of taking fish, by enticing them into an enclosure, which can be shut up when the fish are in, so asto prevent escape, when they may easily be groped out. Manechat, te elimb up, to scramble up, to ascend. Manchèr, and manchëran, said of the sun when in the zenith. Richt over head. Mata poi manchèran téng'ang’ni, sun stood right in the zenith or overhead; exactly noon. Manching, to fsh for news, to try to get information slyly. The Malay word Panching, to fish with a hook, is not in use in Sunda, as the people use instead Usëp; but the derivative simile is of frequent occurence. Manchirang, the flower of the Tépus or Geanthus Coccineus; it grows not upon the stem of the plant, but from the root, and shows itself sessile on the ground near the root of the Tépus; it is a pretty scarlet and yellow flower. Manchuh, presents made to the parents of an intended wife by way of securing her. Manchung, the spatha of a Palm fruit, the case which envelops the unexpanded spa- dix. When these are dry, they are collected and being tied together, serve as flam- beaux. Manchune, a hooked nose. What is called a Roman nose. 3, Mandala, a Sanscrit word often used in the composition of proper names. Itis evidently Sanscrit word mandala, C. 507, the disk of the sun or moon; an orb, a ball, a globe, a wheel; a province, a region, a district; a assemblage; a sort of mystical diagram. Mandala giri, is the Pantun name by which the Jasinga mountain, usually called the Gunung Gädé, is known; it is thus the mountain of the province, or the orb mountain, from not forming part of a chain. Mandapa, a porch, a portico, an open hall. (Ser. In Javanese Pandoppo). Mandëg, to hault, to stop, to cease. (Jav. Balin. Adëg, Madëg, standing, evercising power, reigning). Mandi, to bathe, to dip the body in water. Nanawa, C. 818 bathe; Manta, to bathe. Nandá, C. 308, the tank of Sakra in the garden of Swarga or the region of the gods, in which that god is accustomed to bathe. (Mal. idem. Bal. Mandus. Kw. Madyus. Jav. Adus or Dus). Mandian, to bathe or wash another person, as a child. To wash a dead person prepara- tory to burial. Mandor, a native headman, a village chief. A foreman over work. It is the Portu- guese Mlandhar, to command. Manéh, self, one's own self. Often your, his, her. Manéh na, mij ownself, your own IS) 3 © A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE self, his ownself. Lamun ku manéh di boro, tilok kapanggih, if IT go myself towards it, I can never meet it. Manéh na to hayang? Dont you yourself long for some. Saha ngaran manéhna, what is your name. Manëuh, to remain stationary. Bumi manéuh, name of a portion of the Mountain of Jasinga, means either that the Earth is stationary, that it has not been broken down by eartliquakes or volcanic eruptions? or that there was there formerly a stationary resi- denee (of some great man or of mountain genií). Mang’an, an aspect or facing of the Naga, as connected with old superstitions. This aspect of Mangan is towards the north and the period of the day is between 9 and 10 o'clock A. M. Mang’ën, to have an affection for, to feel tenderly for; the word is derived from the word Ang'ën, the heart, the disposition, which see, prefixed with the verbal fa, and is thus litterally heart-felt. (Ang'ën, Kw. heart. Ang'en-ngen, Jav. to meditate, to have in mind; to desire). Mang'éndér, name of a liane, the leaves of which being scorched, are used in place of Délan or Trasi in Sambël. It is the Salacia oblongifolia. Mangeah, the Manggo tree. The wel known Indian fruit of that name, Mangifera In- dica, of which there are many varieties. Amba, C. 48. a mango. The following is a list of different varieties of manggah. 1 Manggah Bapang — 2 Chéngkir — 3 Chupu — 4 Daging — 5 Dodol — 6 Endog —7 Kalapa—8 Kukulu — 10 Pari — 11 Söngir — 12 Séngir gadung — 13 Udang — 14 Wang'i. The following six varieties are also botanically manggahs, but the natives never 9 Marunda prefix that word to them — 15 Bömbém or Gandarusa — 16 Kadépér — 17 Kawini IS Kémang — 19 Limus. Manggala, a word often used in proper names, and is no doubt Manggala, C. 505 hap- piness, good fortune, lucky, auspicious. Manggalé, to refuse to obey orders. To be disobedient. Manggar, the fruit branch of a palm tree, especially of a Cocoanut tree; the stem to which the fruit adheres in clusters, When the nuts have been removed, and the stem is dry and falls from the tree, it is called Baralak. Manggih, to meet, to come in contact with, to observe. Maxggih maung di jalan, met a tiger on the road. Ari manggih buah asak, ala, if you find, or observe any ripe fruit, take it. (Panggih, Jav., finding, encountering). Manggu, The celebrated fruit of the Archipelago, the mangosteen, called in Malay Manggis. Garecimia mangostana. This tree grows wild in the mountain forests of Jasin- ga Estate, south of the Chibéran towards the Gunung Kèndang. It grows grouped with the primeval forest, evidently naturally, and is seldom thicker than a man’s thigh. Manggung, upon, above, particularly said of a superior. Manggung lautan, above the sea, hovering over the sea. To be seated or placed relatively higher than some other person. Manggung adipati, sitting higher than the Adhipati, which is improper. (Jav. Panggung, a cupola, a spire). AND ENGLISH. 27Ì Mangka, the same as MZaka, which see. Mangkala, at what time, when, now if. Mangkala panas, lé— Ch at what time it becomes hot, it melts. Maxgkala bijil, laju hibër, now if it comes out, it immediately flies away. Kala, C. 120. time, period. Mangkalan, to remove temporarily to any place for the purpose of some work. Mang- kalan di humak, to remove to the humah while the paddy is growing. Mangkalan di lumbur batur, to take up one's quarters in a neighbour’s village. See Pangkalan. Mangkaluk, people, persons, fellows. A rather cavalier designation. It is the Arabic 5 HE Makhlûg). Mangkërëd, drawn together, shrunk within a small compass. Said of cloth which shrinks, Makhluk, creatures, created beings. (Arab. or of a swelling or wound in the flesh which contracts. Mangku, to take on the lap, to cause to sit on one's lap. See Pangku. Mangku Bumi, a title for a person of high and noble birth; literally the man who holds the earth in his lap. Out of Java, in Malay states, the Mangku Bumi is the prime minister of State. Mangku Rat, a title of distinction. One of the former emperors of Java was so called. Mangku, to carry on the lap. Rat the world, or country. Mangkuk, to live at another man's house, and on his good nature; to sponge upon; to be perched with. To familiarly go and take up your quarters with any one. Mang’lid, name of a large forest tree, with good sound, durable wood. Mangparang, lying on the ground athwart or across your road; lying loose upon some- thing else, athwart or across it, but mot bound or fixed. Mangsa, season, period of year; also especially of fruit ripening, fruit-season. Tachan datang ka mangsa na, ithas not yet come to its period of the year. Sala mangsa, the interval between two seasons of the year. Bfaxgsa is most probably a corruption of mûsa, C. 540, a month. See mangst formed in same way from mast. Mangséuh, to go forward, to advance, especially in the teeth of danger, as to attack a wild beast or an enemy. To go forward to attack. Mangsi, ink, any black liquid prepared for writing or making black marks, as the black matter in the native carpenter’s lining apparatus. Mas, C. 525 ink. Formed in same way as mangsa, from masa, which see. Mani, semen virile. (Arab. she Mini). Mani-is, name ofa hill on Jasinga. Probably means the hill of cool breezes, from 7%-is, cool. Manik Maya, the delusive gem, a romantie account of the origin of worldly things. Name of a Javanese work of which a translation is given in vol. 2 of Raffles, appendix H. being asort of romantic account of ancient times. Jant, manikyaya, 536, a gem, a jewel, any precious stone. Maya, C. 537 philosophical illusion, idealism. Unreality of all worldly existence. Thus the „Gem of Illusion”. DU A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Manikëm, a jewel, a precious stone. Manis, sweet, of pleasant taste. (Mal. idem). Manis, the first day of an ancient Javanese division of times; a week of five days, which are called Manis, Pahing, Pon, Wagé, Kaliwon. Still used in Jampés or incantations. Manis is the first day of the moon, but as the moon is seldom seen when only one day old, the natives can seldom accurately tell what is the right day. Manisan, sweetmeats. Manjarakah, name of a tall reedy grass, with numerous grains, or seeds hanging at the end, terminal on the stem. Manjaré, the spatha or unexpended pod or sheath, which contains the flowering parts of a cocoa nut. Manjing, sufficient in number or quantity. Complete, full up. Mantang, small yams, a native potatoe. Also called Boléd. Convolvulus Batatas. Called in Javanese and Malay Katéla and Ubi Jawa. Mantaré, during the time that, in the intermediate time, whilst, unawares, suddenly. Mantaré Tula ka chat, whilst L went to the river. Mantaré ka këbon, imah kahuruan, in the intermediate time of going into garden,the house was burnt. Kadatangan man- taré, some one came upon me unawares, unexpectedly-before some other act could be accomplished. (Skt. Antara, interval. Locative Antare, in the interval). Mantas, just having done some act; coming from doing. Mantas nyabrany, having just erossed the river. Mantas nyatu, having just done eating. Mantas ti imah, just come from home. (Cf. Lantas). Mantéga, Butter. Manteiga, Portuguese for Butter. Mantog, absconded, run away, made off, bolted. Ka mana mantog na, where has he absconded to? Mantra, incantion, charm, secret prayers. Mantra C. 517, a mystical verse or incanta- tion; a formula sacred to any individual deity. Mantri, a petty official on Java. The official assistant of a native chief. Mantri kopi, such an official charged with looking after coffee gardens. Mantri kantor ,a petty official attached to a Resident’s office. mantri, C. 517, a minister, a counsellor, an adviser; a kings minister; one of the names of Brihaspati, tutor of the gods. Fhis title has thus lost caste on Java, and become degraded. Manuk, a bird, a fowl of the air. (Jav. idem). Manuk apung, a lark; see apung. Manuk Biru, a beautiful blue bird, found only in some districts among the mountains. It is found about the base of the Gunung Gédé on Jasinga. Biru is properly Malay for blue, but passes current in the name of this bird. Irena Puella; also Edolius Puella. Manuk Gréja, from Jgréja in Portuguese, Church, literally thus, „the church bird”. The common house sparrow, which has no doubt been introduced by Europeans. It is not found even every where in Java, though plentifull about the towns of Europe- ans on the sea coast. It does not exist at Jasinga only 45 pauls from Batavia. AND ENGLISH. is Manuk Haur, Pica. The little bird, black and white, frequent about gardens; it 18 a magpie in miniature. See Karawacht. Manuk Langgir, the scorpion bird. A very handsome bird, size of a martin; brown and licht blue feathers; burrows in soft banks. Manusa, a human being, mankind. Of same import as the following word which it closely resembles. Manusha, C. 537. a man, mankind. Manusiya, a human being, mankind. Man as distinguished from brutes. Manushya, and Manusha, C. 516 & 537, man, mankind. Manwang’an, ancient and untouched. Lèuwtung manwang'an, a primeval forest. Manyar, name of a bird often very troublesome about ripening paddy. The bird is of the size of a sparrow, which it somewhat resembles, being brownish in colour, but it has a httle red on its head. Manyaré, the fruit stem of a cocoa nut, after the fruit has been gathered; withered cocoa nut fruit stem. Manyéupa, name of a small but handsome bird, with a scarlet head. Mapa, to go on foot, to walk, to perform a journey on foot. Mapal, to feed on grass or tender shrubs: to graze, to browse. Marada, to assist a poor or indigent person to discharge his debt. Marah, properly Ki marah, name of a tree in young jungle. Mappa Tomentosa. Marai, to pay, to discharge a debt or obligation. Zo bisa marai, I cannot pay. Marak, to take fish by diverting the stream and laying the bed and fish dry. Much practised in mountain streams, where such a process is easily managed. Mararat, poor, indigent, needy. Maras-miris, simpering, having the appearance of self-sufficiency. Showing symptoms of delight. Laughing in one’s sleeve. Mardika, free, not in slavery. At large; not subject to any imposition or restraint. Mardika Lutung, free as the Lutung monkey. A favorite native expression. Marëk, to await the orders of a superior. (Jav. Parak, Marak; ef. Parëk). Maréng, said of the year; Tahun maréng, a year in which there are equal proportions of sun and rain, neither in excess. Marikh, Ar: the planet Mars. Ee Mirrikh). Maringkil, mischievous, wicked. Using all kinds of low and dirty means to do another person an injury. Jakil maringkil, malicious and evil-doing. These two words are al- most synonymes, but generally joined together to encrease the force of the expression. Marinio, a petty village official, the assistant of the mandor or headman. Maripat, Ar: knowledge of God. (hija Ma'rifat, notitia; familiaritas. Freytag). 5 Marukan, said when one thing is taken for another; labouring under a mistake. Wat aya jelèma di luwtung, marukan satoa, so there is a man in the forest (or jungle), > 85 274 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE I took him for a beast. Marukan ajang na, lajuw top bai di bawa, he took it to be meant for himself, and seizing hold of it, took it away. Marunda, a variety of Mango so called. Maryém, a great gun, a cannon. Mas, gold, golden; a jeweller's weight. Mas, C. 525, a small stone, a pebble; a part, a portion. Massa, C. 526, a small coin so called. Masha, C. 540, a sort of kidney bean, phaseolus radiatus: a jeweller’s weight, the seed of the Abrus precatorius, and weighing about 17 grs: troy. Mas is the name for gold in almost all the languages of the Archipelago, and was probably adopted from the Indian Mas or Masha, a weight for gold, which the Indian traders would, every where, have in use, when purchasing from the natives. In Letty alone, one of the Serwatti group, east of Timor, is still preserved the final « in their word Masai gold. Timbang mas, gold weight, said when any particular care or minute- ness is used in weighing, See Sa mas — Domas. Mas, a title of rank amongst the natives of Java, below Raden, which see. The word is prefixed to their usual Mohammedan name as- Mas Muhammad, Mas Nargan &c. The word very likely comes from Mas, C. 525, fish, flesh. As the Radens are of the blood (royal), so those denominated Mas, are only of the flesh, being the next me- taphorical approach to royalty. Mas Kawin, literally— „the gold of marriage” —the money agreed upon to be paid for a wife. This is never actually paid down at a marriage, butisagreed upon, and deter- mined as to amount, and is to be forfeited by the party who insists upon a divorce. The Mas Kawin forms a point of agreement at the settlement of marriage between all persons of property. It is agreed upon with a view to be a check on either par- ty wishing for a divorce on insufficient grounds. Masa, Portuguese Mas. A word expressing doubt. Is it likely, just as if, forsooth. Ma- sa aing daik méré, Is it likely that 1 will give. Masa sia daik mayar, lamun to bo- gah hutang, just as if you would pay, if you had no debt. Masakat, poor, indigent, without means. Masigit, the mosque, the Mohammedan temple, or house of prayer. Alésjid, Marsden 323, Mosque in Arabic, Masih, yet, still, continuously so. Masih kénch bai, it still remains so; they are still there. Masih hayang, do you still want some? Masing, separate, separately, distinctly, individually. Masinikën, under the supposition- talk of. Mastmkèn dai hade, gëus lila anggèus, un- der the supposition, that it could become good, it would long ago have been dong. Masinikën nyokot paré, gèrrah de bayar hèula, talks of laying hold of the paddy, be quick and pay Árst. Mas-masan, golden trinkets. AND ENGLISH. 15 Mastaka, the head of a great man. Mastaka, C. 525, summit, pinnacle, the top of any- thing; the head, the skull. Masui, name of a spongy and aromatic bark brought from the Moluccos and new-Guinea, much used by the natives as a medicine. Masurung, properly Mas wurung, false gold; name of any glittering stone which has erystals in it looking hike gold. Mata, the eye, the visual organ. The edge of a sword or other cutting instrument. A sore pimple on the skin. The sprout on a bulbous root as on a potatoe. Mata chai, a spring of water. Chi mata, water of the eye, a tear. Mata kaju, a knot in wood. It occurs also in many more figurative senses. A pattern in cloth. Mata dadu, dice pattern. Mata is also a point of the compass- the subdivision of an inch, the 1/8 or 1/10 of an inch. A term denoting the fineness of gold, Mata-an, to have an eye; to be provided with an eye or small aperture of any kind. Mata Kotok, literally fowl'seyes. Said of a person whose eyesight fails him or becomes dim and indistinet towards dusk, or as night comes on. A slang name for small silver coins, of value of + or 4 a guilder., Matak, to be the cause of, of importance, of consequence. Matak naun, of what conse- quence is it? Matak hadé, will be the cause of good. Zo matak, it is of no conse- quence. Mata-lëmbu, Bull's eyes, a variety of shell fish in sea. Turbo. Mata-mata, a spy, an inspector. A man set to watch secretly. Matang, of even height, on the same level; having a similarity of proportions. To go oft as a gun; to take effect. Mata-poi, literally- the eye of the day =the sun. Mataram, name of the district to the south of Jugjukarta, and long the seat of the Javanese sovereigns after the conversion to Mohammedanism. Z'aram in Sunda is to begin, to make a commencement, and with the verbal prefix ma will imply — to make a commencement (of empire ?). Matih, having efficacious power; excersing strong influence; efficacious. Sometimes poi- sonous, virulent. Orai na matih nakÌr, the snake was very poisonous. Paréntah tuan matih nakèr, the master’s orders are very efficacious, cause the disired effect. Maulud, or Mulud which see. The nativity of Mohammed: a great Mohammedan festival. Maunad, virtue, supernatural efficiency. Maung, the Tiger Royal, the large striped tiger. Felis Tigris. Maung tandang, a sort of parasitic Pandanus, which is found in old forests adhering to old trees. It is very rarely known to bear flower, but in November 1854 I saw it in flower at Pasir Madang on Jasinga Estate. The flower opens at the end of the branches, somewhat like the true Pandan, and has rather an unpleasant smell, Maung tutul, the spotted tiger, a leopard. Felis leopardus. Maut, Ar: death, Malak al Maut, the angel of death. 276 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Mawa, to carry, to bring. Mawa ka dio, bring here. Mawa ka ditu, carry yonder. Mawar, the rose, the rose tree. dyèr mawar, Rose water. The word Ayr is not Sun- da, but Malay, and shows whence the designation has come. Maya, visual illusion, phantom, apparition. Used chiefly in Pantuns and in the history of the Hindu demi-gods. Maya, C. 587, according to the Hindus, philosophical illu- sion, idealisin; unreality of all worldly existence. In the plural this word becomes Mayu, vide Indramayu. Mayakpak, full of, covered over by. Chai mayakpak bai di sawah, the water is abun- dantly spread over the whole Sawah. Mayan, a variety of large sized bambu. lt is, however, of little use as the worm soon destroys it. Mayang, even course, continuous, without interruption;s said of anything which keeps steadily in the same course or state. Mayang, name of a sea- going native craft, sharp at both ends, and carrying a large lugger sail. They sail fast and well, and may have obtained the name from the cir- cumstance of keeping steadily along with a quick speed. Mayang, the flower bunch of the cocoanut and pinang, or areca Palm, as well as of most other Palms. Mayang-Bingbing, name of a fish mm rivers, rather scarce. Mayar, to pay; see Bayar. Mayat, sloping gradually or gently, going gradually off, or away. A lorig and gentle slope of a hill. Working long and evenly, not all at once in hurry. Steady and secure. Mayit, Ar: a dead body, a corpse, a deceased human being. Buntèl nnayit, a corpse wrapped up for interment. The term applies To a peculiar formation of some horses S ul tails, which is considered as prognosticating no good, (‚xx Mayyit, mortuus). - Mébér, to flee, to run away, to skulk away. Méehah, in abundance, in great numbers, exuberance. Médar, spread out, opened out; to spread or open out to the sun in order to be dried. To set out one by one. To expose (goods for sale and the like). Médé, a tree called in Malay Jambu monyét, the monkey Jambu, the cashew apple, Anacardium occidentale. See Kaju. The name Jambu monyét is given from the small exerescence of the kernel at the lower end, which is thought to resemble a monkey coiled in a heap. Méëdina, a twon of Arabia, where Mohammed found refuge when he fled from Mékah. Médok, wet and slippery, sloppy- Méga, a cloud. Megha, C. 556, a cloud. Méga Malang, a long lowering cloud; frequently alluded to in Pantuns. Méga Méndung, where the clouds form a dam or embankment; clouds hanging lowe- ring. Name of a celebrated pass on the high road from Buitenzorg and Chianjur, upwards of 4700 feet above the sea. AND ENGLISH. ONT Mègai, a very small bitterish Chokrom or Térong. Solanum Pseudo-Saponaceum, called also Takokak. Mëgar, to come out of the shell, as chickens. To slough the skin, as a snake does. To open, asthe bud of a flower, &c. &c. Meèserib, arabie, the close of day; just at dark. Sambayang mègrib, vespers, prayers at even- tide. Maghrab, Marsden 325 the west, the western regions. Panah Maghrab, Africa, Barbary. (ij and de Maghrab, Maghrib. Freytag). Méh, nearly, very nearly, all but. Méh tiwas, I nearly had an accident. JMZéh pa-ih, nearly dead. Mékbai, it was all but. Méh to tulus, it was all but not taking place. Méhmat, comfortable, easy. Tranquillity. Méhméhan, a verbal duplication and more forcible form of meh which see. It was all but over. It was within an ace of happening. Méhméhan to di béré, It was within a shave of his not giving it. Méja, a table. Meèsa, Portuguese for table. Mékah, the town of Mecca in Arabic, whither all good Mohammedans are bound to pro- ceed once in their lives to visit the Kabah. Mekah is about 50 or 60 miles inland from Judah. Mélai, flexible, easily bending, weak. Meélak, to plant. Mélak paré, to plant paddy. To plant out the first few heads of paddy seedlings, at the Pémpuhunan, the general planting being called Zandur, Mèlak huwt, to plant potatoes. Mélang; name of a fish in rivers; it inhabits holes in the banks and is only very indif- ferent eating. Mélang, anxious about, caring for, having an affection for. Mélang ka Pajajaran, having an affection for Pajajaran. Meélati, a small, white, sweet-scented flower in round buds, much used by the women to put in their hair. Jasminum Sambac, Malati, C. 539, the great flowering Jasmine; a bud, a blossom,. The word is probably derived from Mala, C.539,a string, a chain, a necklace; as the Malati flowers are generally strung together and worn as a wreath or garland. Mélëndung, bending outwards in a round shape; bulging out. Meèlëng'ék, sorrowful in mind, vexed in spirit. Feeling regret, Méléntung, burnt, scalded. Meélëpuh, burnt, scalded; rising in plishes, as the skin from burning. Meèlésat, slipped out of place or position; broken away from its true position, Mélinching, skulking from work; seeking to avoid your liabilities. Mémang, as a matter of course, naturally, as a natural consequence; for the precise reason. JMemang to daik datang, for the precise reason that he does not intend to come. 2178 A DICTIONARY SUDANESE Mémanuk, an ornamental bit of stick or wood placed in the middle of a buffaloe voke. The word is derived from Manuk, a bird. Mémayu, to recover from sickness; to again have aliking for food and the usual ways of hfe. Convalescent. Méméh, previous to, before, prior to. Méméh hudang kudu btuntdh, before getting up, you must open your eyes. Méméh sugi kudu dai pusing, before you can be rich, vou must be content to have many troubles. Méméh na, beforehand. Previously. Ménak, a nobleman, a person of good family, of title. Meénangkabau, the ancient and central part of Sumatra, of which Priangön was the capital. Man, C, 514, a man- it is the Elu or ancient form of the Manushya; the head, the heart; pride, haughtiness. Manushya,C.516,a man, man, mankind. Angka, C. 11, a mark, a spot, astain, asign, a badge, a vestige. Bahu, C. 470, the arm, the hand —and as such represents authority. Thus man-angka-bahu, would imply the people who are the emblem of authority, or the head, or the mind which is the sign of power. Minangkabahu was probably in early times the seat of a Hindu gouver- ment which became a sort of Lord paramount over the neighbouring States. Méncha, to put oneself on guard, to fence. To defend oneself with an instrument called Siku-siku; which see. There are people who exhibit feats of address by defending them- selves with this Siku-siku, which is called Möncha. Ménchërét, having the squitters, great laxity in the stomach. Constantly troubled with a discharge ab ano. Ménchil, out alone by oneself; solitary, single, unassociated with others. Ménchug, quick, speedy. Ménchus, having a tapering end, spindle ended. Ménda, done, exhausted. Méndang Kamulan, the seat of an early government in Java, said to have been on the site of the present Prambanan, and founded by Sawéla Chala, who came from the continent of India in the beginning of the Seventh century of the christian era. Raffles vol. 2 Pages 82/84. Kamulan, derived from Mula C. 552, origin, commencement. Méndéëlik, with the eyes open, staring, intently watching. Ménding, better, in improved condition, inclining to a better state. Nagara éta gus mènding sa ktbUL di chlkël ku kumpani, That country has been in an improved con- dition ever since the Government had possesion of it. Mènding pa-ih jlung di ranté, it is beter to die, than to be put in chains. Jéltma na gëus minding, the man is get- ting better (from sickness). Méndung, said of clouds which lower and hang threatening to pour down rain. Clouds forming a black bank in the sky. Méng’a, a fish found only in the rivers which flow into the southern ocean, on the south coast of Bantam. AND ENGLISH. 279 Méng'a, an aspect or facing of the Naga, as connected with old superstitions. This as- pect of Meng'a is towards the West, and the period of day is between 8 and 9 o’Clock A.M. Méng'andëéuh, parasitical plants, plants growing on other trees. Méng'i, having the asthma, a difficulty in breathing. Méngké, wait, stop; a word used to indicate the future tense, in the same way as Nanti serves in Malay. Mèngké hulla, wait a bit, stop a while. Mëngké aing lYumpang ka Bogor, when I shall go to Buitenzorg. Mingké sia di béré, wait and you will be given some. Meéngkël, said of fruits drawing towards ripeness, as kadu, nangka etc. Méngkong, to take fish by damming off part of a stream of water, where it is shallow and easily done. Méngkong is on a small scale, what Mfarak is on a larger one. Méngpéng, in full force, in the midst of any act, the prime of any thing. Cha-ah na mingping kénéh, the flood was still rolling strong in full force. Euktur möngping di buat, in the midst of the paddy cutting. St wnur jélëma Euklur méngpéng harita, the lifetime of the man was at that time in its prime. Ménjëbol, knocked up, done up, used up (as the Americans would say), spoiled for further use. Disabled. Ménta, to ask for, to request, to solicit. Ménta ampun, IT ask pardon. Ménténg, name of a fruit tree and its fruit. Pierandia Racemosa. Méntil, to feel the nipples of a woman's breast. Said mostly of infants when they play with their mothers teats. See Péntil. Méntilan, said of a tree where the fruit is just setting. Méèënur, the tusk teeth of a Rhinoceros. Méong, a cat, any animal of the cat or felis tribe, and as such applied to the several varieties of tigers. Derived from Aéong-héong, to mew. Méoneg Rambat, a wild cat or felis. A. small variety of tiger cat. Mépédan, to clean in the remnants of a paddy crop; to cut the straggling heads left as unripe when cut generally. Mépës, said of fire which is going out, nearly extinct. Figuratively, at the last kick, expiring, done up. Kajtun apts, wlah mépès, It matters not being nice, as long as we d'ont get done up. A native aphorism. Stëuntuh na glus mipès, the fire is dying out. Mérak, the peafowl, peacock, peahen. Pavo Spicifer. Also called Kokok which see. Mérang, causing an itchy sensation, anything brought in contact with the skin which causès a desire to scratch it. Mérangkang, to crawl as a child; to creep. (Jav. Batav. idem.) Mérdika, freed, set at liberty from slavery, manumitted; free. MÌrdika lutung, as free as the Lutung monkey (in the forest): a common simile for people xot subject to con- tributions to the government or landowners. The beau ideal of a natives liberty; no one to bother him with unwelcome orders, (Jav. Mal, idem.) 280 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Méré, to give, to bestow. (See Béré) Mérëbët, moving in quick succession- as the legs of an animal in running; said of fruit which keeps tumbling fast from the tree, when shaken; and on similar occasions. Méërëbis, said of slight drizzly rain. Mujan mèrëbis sahtutik bai, the rain was only a slight drizzle. Mérëbot, a petty official attached toa mosque, whose duty is to beat the drum for prayers , and sweep out the place. (Arab. ie Marbút; origmolhy bound.) Méréhéwa, full of spite, vexed with anger. To detest, to have in aversion. To feel re- sentment against. Méërëji, niee-tasted; anything which has a good relish. Mérélék, to erumble down, to fall down grain by grain. Mérëém, blind, with the elosed. Marhum, Marsden Page 341 arabic, the deceased, one who has found mercy. The Sunda word may be derived from this Arabie one, from the eyes being closed in death. Mêörëng’ut, frowning, having a sour look, f Mérés, full to the brim, full measure. Meérih, with energy, with exertion, with activity; smart, active. Meérjan, Ar: blood red coral worked up for ornaments. A precious coral brought from the Persian gulf. Mérjan, Ar: the zodiacal sign Libra. Mérong, looking earnestly at any one; standing staring, often impudently. Mérul, unwinding, unravelling; coming loose, as by a rope slackening. Crumbling down , as earth from a bank in dry weather. Mésat, slipped out of place, displaced. Mésëum, to smile. Mésiat, vicious, wicked, evil-disposed. Mésir, Ar: Egypt; grand Cairo. This word M&str is evidently taken from the first part of the arabic name of grand Cairo — Mesr-el-kahira, the city of victory. Europeans have seized upon the latter part of the name and converted it into grand Cairo. Mëésum, frowning, looking sour, looking displeased. Métél, to fly off in chips when struk, especially if anything hard, as stone, when struck by a hammer. Métëéng, to buy an unborn animal, as a buffaloe. A bargain made sometimes by natives , by which they sell for alow price an unborn buffaloe calf. The cash is paid, and all the risk is for the purchaser. Métoha, a father or mother in law, called in Malay Mértuwa. In the Marquesas and Sandwich islands Afatua is a parent, and has no doubt a common origin with our Sunda word, Crawfurd's dissertation Page 148. Vide Zoa. Méu-ëus, somewhat better, an improvement. Very nearly the same as Ménding. To bogah mèn- us, There is no improvement in it. To puguh mtu-tus, you cannot decidedly consider it better. AND ENGLISH. 281 Méu-ëuskèën, to call for, to send for to come, to invite to attend. Meéèuli, to buy, to purchase. (Mal. Bèk.) Méumpëung, in full career, in full force or activity, possessed of facilities; whilst, during. Zuhun miumplung, a good or advantageous year, when crops have been good. Mèumptung sia hirup wrusan, whilst you live, put the matter in order. Méun, apparently the last syllable of Lamun, if— pronounced in a short flippant way. Mun sia plupluli mohal to mtunang, if you had told me, as if you would not have got it. Méunang, to get, to obtain. Mèëunangkèn, to help to get, to put in the way of obtaining, to cause to triumph. To get a wife. Mèlunangykèn ka anak batur , to obtain (in marriage) the daughter of a neighbour. Méundëut, shut up, closed. Lawang na gêus miundtut the door is shut. Méuntas, to cross a river or water; to ferry across. Chai cha-ah to bisa miuntas, the river was in a flood, and I eould not cross. Pamtuntasan, a ferry, a place to cross a river at. Méupëus, to arrive at a crisis, to come to a result; the end or termination of a dispute, of a question at law, or the like. Mtupèus na sia kudu magyar, the end of it is, that you must pay. Méurah, name ofafish in the rivers, somewhat resembling Kanchara and is scarce. Mèurëun, assuredly, no doubt, that is evident; as the thing looks. Méurtun pa-ih la- mun di hakan, no doubt we should die, if we eat it. Mturlun, gëblég sia, there is no wonder, what a fool you are! Meéurit, an insect from the eggs of which come the worms which get possession of rotting meat, or ulcerous sores. The eggs deposited by bottle flies. Mturitan to have got such eggs In a sore. Méuting, to pass the night- to stay all night anywhere. Méuwéung, to chew, to eat, to champ in the mouth. To chew the cud of reflection. Micharék, to mention, to allude to in conversation; to speak of. Midang, to fly out, abroad, and about as birds. To stroll out, as a man or an animal. To go about for pleasure. Midua, to divide, to become two. (From Dua, two). Mihané, to work with cotton thread in preparing for weaving; to wind the thread on the Pihanéan, which see. Mihapé, to entrust, to give into the care of some one else. See Pihapé. Hulu hami mi- hapé, take care of my head. I entrust my head to your care. An expression said when working together in any difficult place. Mi-is, leaky, water or any liquid coming through. Said also of a secret which leaks out. Mija, to play as fish in water, as if gamboling, when they desposit their spawn. Mikat, to catch birds by having a decoy bird to call towards a cage, near which other birds of same kind come, and perching on slips of stick covered with bird lime, are so caught. To entice and entangle; to decoy; to ensnare. kele) Le, 282 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Mikono, to report, to tell, to give notice. Mikrah, to read the Koran in the mosque during the Pwasa month, after the ceremony of Tarawé is over. This happens in the night time, and is performed by the more re- ligiously disposed. The great mass of the congregation leaving when the Tarawé is done. (Ar. From 15 hara’a, to read). Milir, to flow down, to go lengthways with the current; to follow down a river. (Jav. Mal. Bat. idem). Milu, to follow, to accompany, to go along with. (Jav. idem). Mimis, small shot for a gun- bird shot. Mimiti, to begin, to commence. (Jav. Wiwit, commencement, cf. Mal. bibit, seed; Jav. Miwitti, Mimuitti, to begin). Min, to take up money in advance under promise to do some work. Pèdati min, Peda- ties or carts which receive money in advance to be paid off by dragging loads. Minantu, a son or daughter in law. Probably from Baxtu to help, to succour, and Minantu may be thus very fairly translated hitterally- „an assistant”- as with the na- tives, the son in law becomes subservient to his wife’s parents, and becomes as it were, one of their family, leaving his own. This is after the fashion of the old worthies of the Bible, who served for their wives, as is seen in the 29 chapter of Genesis, where Jacob served Luaban, twice for the space of seven years, for his daughters Lieah and Rachel. Minatu, a washerman, a person who washes clothes. Minchëk, an animal of the deer kind, called in Malay Kidang. Cervus muntjac. Moih mainchëk, a small and thin variety of rattan. Mindëéng, often, frequently. Mindi, the Indian bread tree. Melia Azedarachta. Mindo, second cousins, being children of first cousins or Misan. (From Dua, two; relations of the second degree). Minggat, to run away, to make an escape, (Jav. idem). Mingsiri, the sort of smoked opium. Mintalu, the third time of ploughing upland, especially upland tipars. The upland plough only scratches the ground slightly the first time of ploughing, and the process must be done at least three times before it is fit for sowing. (From Tèlu, Jav. Tilu, Sund. three). Mintar, to proceed, to get under weigh. To start. (Jav, according to Gericke Kawi, idem). Minton, to show oneself, to present oneself in token of obedience. (From Zon, Annon, Jav. to see, to look; to know.) Mintul, blunt, not sharp. Figuratively, being disregarded, not obeyed. Minyak, oil. Minyak kalapa, cocoanut oil. Minyak jarak, castor oil; Minyak tantuh, earth oil, Petroleum. Minyan, Gum benjamin, Benzoin; imported from Sumatra, as it is not an indigenous AND ENGLISH. 983 product of Java. Maeliyan, C, 563 gum, glue, any glutinous substance exuding from trees or plants by incision, | Mipit, to cut the first of any growing crop. See Pipit. Mirasa, to become conscious of, to feel convinced, to have a feeling of. To feel the consequences of anything. (From Rasa). Miring, to lean downwards, or to one side; to incline, to decline; shelving, sloping. The crude part of this word appears still to be preserved in the Pacific, as in Jakiti, sun- set is called ma-irite ra, the falling of the Sun. Ellis Polynesian Researches vol 1 page 89. The ma is a very general Polynesian preposition for verbalising a substantive; and the final ng is constructive. Miringkil, curling up in small folds; shrinking up in curls. Jakil miringkil, malicious- ly disposed, as if curling up with malice. Miruha, to rub two sticks together in a peculiar way in order to extract fire, To rub fire out of sticks, Mirun, used in the expression Mirun Stunèuh, to light up a fire. To set on a fire To draw a little fuel together and set it alight. Misah, apart, separate, disconnected. Misalah, to put out of joint, disjointed, From Salah, wrong. Misan, first cousins, male or female. Massina, C. 526, a cousin as if the Polynesians had transposed the a and #, for the sake of making their favorite termination in Ax. (The word is derived from Jav. pisan, Bal pësën, at once, one time; also: very, all, altogether. Fr.) Misanan, distant relations, distant cousins. (From Misan). Misti, must, what is absolutely necessary; indispensable, necessary. Liwat ti misti, going beyond what is absolutly nescessary. (Jav. Pésti or Pasti EEN arg Mal. idem). Mitémbai, to commence, to make a beginning. Mitrah, to make the offering to the officers of the mosque, made by every good Mohamme- dan, at the labaran or end of the Pwasa month. (At Batavia Pitra, which is to be explained by the Hindu custom of making offerings to the ancestors, Pitarah, at new year. So at Bali. Metrdh is the verbal form. Fr.) Modal, capital, principal, means to trade with. Mudala, C. 550 money, coin. Modar, dead, hifeless. It is a coarse word, and conveys an idea of humiliation on the per- son so dead. It corresponds to the Malay word Mampus. Modol, excrement, faeces. À vulgar word, S— —t. Modol landak, porcupine excrement- the name of a plant growing on newly felled ground. Mogok, to come toastand, asa wild animal which is hunted. To face about and show fight. Mogor, to run about after women, especially those of ill fame. Mohal, an insinuating way of making a refusal or denial. A negative expression difficult to translate, but which the following examples will elucidate, Perhaps it can most frequently be translated- it is not likely. 284 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Mohal hade, that can never be good. Mohal llumpang, it is not likely that he will set out. Mohal achan pa-ih, it is not hkly that he is yet dead. Mohal ka mana, where can he get himself to. Daik méré? Mohal! will you give it? It is not likely. Mohal ngalakocän, that will never be the case. Mohammad, the proper name of the Arabian prophet called by Europeans Mahomet. The word is derived from the root amada and sigmifies- „the Praised”. Mahomet, the great founder of the faith of Islam, was born in Mecca, in April, in the year 569 of the Christian era. He was of the valiant and illustratious tribe of Koreish, of which there were two branches, descended from two brothers, Haschem and Abd Schems. Haschem, the progenitor of Mahomet, was a great benefactor of Mecca. Mahomet was the only child of Abdullah and Amina. This Abdullah was the youngest and best beloved son of Abd al Muttalib, whose office it was to provide provisions and water to the pilgrims who came to visit the Kabah, which was always a place of resort long before Maho- met was born. Abd al Muttalib and his eldest son Harith cleared out the old well Zamzam to supply water on the spot. But he had many enemies among hìs countrymen, so that he vowed to devote to the deity his 10th son, should God bless him with so many. The young Abdallah was doomed to die but was replaced by an offering of 100 camels. Calcutta Review No. 43 March 1854 Pages 79 and 88. Abd al Muttalib was the son of Haschem who was born A.D. 464 and fulfilled with princely munif- cence the office of entertaining pilgrims to the Kabah. Mohpor, to work into flesch, as maggots. To eat a way into the flesch as a maggot. Mohprol, hard working, enduring much fatigue. Not fearing to encounter (as an animal in the chase). Mojëuh na, just the thing, fitting toa T., Suitable in every respect. Proper time. It is high time. Mojtuh na! sia de gëbugan, It is high time that you should have a thrashing. Ari di adukën mojtuh na bai, when put together, they just fitted. Mojo, enough! sufficient: let it alone! Mojo! wlah di opénan déui, Enough! d'ont have anything further to do with it. Omong sta mojo, we have had enough of your jaw. Mokaha, no fear, never mind; an act from which no harm can arise. There can be no harm in it. Mokaha di potong, is there no harm in cuttingit. Kula ilu, sugan mokaha, If I go along also perhaps there can be no harm in it, Moko, to probe out, to extract with a probe. To squirt or force some deleterious matter into a hole to draw out the inmate, as fish outof a hole, a worm out of the ground, or out of a festering wound. Molong’o, gaping, standing open, ajar. Molor, to sleep- a coarse expression. To sleep as a brute. When this word is used, it conveys an idea of indigmty put upon the person sleeping. Molor bai sia, owoh gawé tluyn, you do nothing but sleep and are of no single use. Molos, to disappear, to abscond. AND ENGLISCH. 235 Molosod, slipping out of place; displaced in mass by a slip. Sabèulah gunung molosod, one side of the moutain has shot down. Molotok, peeling off; when the skin or bark comes easily away. Momok, the pudendum of a female child. Momonggor, a height, a rising of the ground, an elevation. Monechor, to go through, to pass through. To beable to get into. Zauk llutik monchor di na ayakan, small fish will pass through the sieve. Bèdul monchor di na pagèr, pigs slip through the fence. Batu gëdé mohal monchor ka na liang, large stones can never get into the hole. Zo monchor, it cannot pass through. Mondok, to take up one's quaters for the night. To put up with, to abide. Moro mon- dok ka lumbur, to go to the village for night quarters. Eùkèur di Batawi mondok di vnah panghulu, when 1 was in Batavia, [ put up with the priest. See Pondok. Monggor, eminence, height, a rise in the land, Mongklah, blood. Monténg, inclined, sloping; being at an angle. Montok, fat, in good condition; in good flesh. (Used at Batavia). Montong, do not, dont, it is not required; it is not necessary. Montong datang dèui ka diyo, you are not required to come again here. Montong di béré, d'ont give any. Montong mèuli, d'ont buy. Monyét, a monkey. The common brown long tailed monkey. Simia fascicularis. Monyong, protruding the lips, pouting. Mopo, knocked up, unable to continue at work from exhaustion. Kwuda na mopo his horse is knocked up. Jéltma gëus mopo, the people are unable to continue at work (from exhaustion). Mori, Portuguese Mouri, moorish, belonging to Mohammedans, and generally understood of Hindustan. Crawfurd. It applies only to cotton in Sunda. Kapas mori, moorish cotton, the best sort of cotton for weaving. Moro, to go towards, to proceed to, to run at; Anging na édan, moroan, the dog was mad and run at people. Moro mêuting ka lumbur, to proceed to the village to pass the night. Morod, to steal —a vulgar expression. Morongkol, sitting or standing with the heel or sole of one foot against the thigh of the other lee, and the knee thus bent- a frequent native position of relaxation. Morosod, to slip down as a heavy body; to glide down in bulk. Given way, disrupted. Mosa, a female slave — known from other women of the country by wearing a short white jacket instead of a long baju. (From dr Waga, second and fourth form: to delegate by testament, testamento mandare, tradere; it means also a male slave. F je) Mota, stout white cloth; canvas, or sack-cloth. Bagging for bales. Motah, many, numerous, in abundance, Motong, to cut; to deduct, to substract; to go across, to cross over. (Mal, Potong). 286 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Hayang motong kayu éta, IT want to cut that wood. Motong saparo na bai, deduct one half. Motong chai, across the stream. Motong lëuwtwng, across or through the forest (not round about it). Moyan, to sit out in the sun; to put out in the sun or air to dry. Eukèur moyan manéh, he was just sunning himself, Moyang, occurs only in the expression, Néné moyang, ancestors. Mow, C. 562, a mo- ther, a matron; and Hyang, divinity. So that in this way ancestors must have been looked upon as having become divinities, as is the case with many rude people, who deify their progenitors. M’rai, to appear as a vision, to get a glimpse of. Muat, to load goods; to stow; to hold, to contain. Prahu na di muatkèn, they loaded the boat. To mwat, it cannot contain it: said when anything will not stow away in any place. Muatan, a load, a burden, a cargo. What is loaded. Mudik, to ascend a river; to proceed up a river towards the interior. Though mudik is used in Sunda, in a verbal form, the simple Malay word Udik does not oecur, for which they have Gorang. Mufa-at, Arabic, good, enough. Mugia, to long for, hope that — may that. Mugia sia balik salamat, may you return in safety. Mugia paih ari to bènër, may Í die if IT do not speak the truth. (Jav. Moga). Muguran, said of the act of some plants which annually lose all appearance above ground, the stem and leaves dying away, but they again appear, the following season, the root remaining uninjured in the ground. This is the case with the Gadung, and many va- rieties of the Konéng. See Pugur. Muhammèëd, Mohamet. Nabi Mohammëid, the Profet Mahomet. The word is arabic and means =laudable. See Mohammad. Muhara, mouth of a river, embouchure, where a river disembogues. Modara, C. 846, a place where a river disembogues. (Mal. Múara). Muharam,the first month of the Mohammedan year. The first of this month is not observed as a festival or holiday, and the Javanese do not thus keep any new year's day. Their pr DI great yearly festival being the Labaran at the end of the Bulan Puasa. (Àr. eye Muharram). Muhung, exterminated, no longer in existence, Muhunkëén, to entreat, to bega favour, to solicit, to supplicate. (Mal. Mohonkan, idem). Muji, to make adoration, to repeat the Mohammedan form of confession of faith. Za sllak il lalah, mohammad rasul allah, there is no God but God, and Mahomet is the apos- tle of God. To fetch a sigh; to be grieved. See Puji. Mujur, propitious, under favourable circumstances; goodluck. Lengthwise, lying side by side, and thus not opposing each other. The reverse of this word is Malang , which see. Muka, to open. The face, the countenance, front. In these latter senses it is Sanscrit. Mukha,C. 548, the mouth, face, countenance. Commencement, origin. This word muka, AND ENGLISCH. 287 in these latter senses, is of rare occurrence, as the Sunda people have Béung'éut, for countenance, and Marëup for front, in advance. M&unang muka, to get counte- nance; to have got a good face; to bein favour. (Muka, to open’, is the same as the Malay búka). Muka, name of a wild animal, in shape and size like a common brown monkey, with white marks on its face and about its eyes, as if it had spectacles on. When caught it sits moping with its head held down on its chest. There are many superstitions regarding it, and it is thought unlucky to have it about a house. In Malay it is cal- led Kukang, Marsden Page 275. Lemur tardigradus, or Stenops tardigradus. Muka or Hoih Muka, name of a small worthless variety of Rattan. Mukadas, Arabic, holy, sanctified, sacred. Mak mukadas, the holy truth. (Arab. Mo- Er Sa? kaddas dio): Mukan, an apposite expression —it cannot be other than; the consequence will be; it might have been expected; at the first blush of a matter; my idea was; it appeared to me. Mvkan pihadtan, it can never come to good. Mukan daik hadé horenganan goréng, my idea was that it would have been right, but it now proves wrong. Mukan paih, I thought he was dead. Mukti, to obtain, to get what we want. See Bukti. Muku, as for instance, par example, if after (some fashion). Muku di orang, if as with us, if after our fashion. Mukung, bulging out, projecting in consequence of something applied at inner side. Bulging as a swelling on the body from a blow. Mula, beginning, origin, cause. Mula, C, 552, origin, commencement. Mulana, arabie, an expounder of the Mohammedan law. The name by which the frst preachers, or propagators of Mohammedanism on Java are known, of whom was Shekk Ibn Mulana, and Mulana Hasan Udin, both of Cheribon; the latter founded the king- dom of Bantam. (Arab. bie Maulâná, our teacher). Mulapés, to break half through and hang down along the stem, as the branch of a tree, Said of fire which after burning fiercely collapses, or becomes considerably smaller. Mulëk, to eurland hang round as smoke. Any subtle air or smoke finding its way about a person. Hastup na mulëk bai kang aing, the smoke kept curling around me. Mulés, cholie, gripes, violent spasms. Béutlung na mults, to have griping in the belly. Mulihan, to weed a humah for the second time. To go over a thing again. Mulikat, good, prosperous. Mulintang, a eross, athwart; only heard in conjunction with Malang, as Malang mwu- lintang , athwart and across in all directions, sadly entangled. (Bat. Mélintang). Mulud, another name for the Mohammedan month Mabiul awal, of which Mulud is pro- perly the 12th. day being the anniversary of Mohammed'’s birth. During this month the natives visit their friends. Each village devotes one day of the month to keep the festival, Maulud in Arabie means nativity or birth. Muluku, to plough, to turn up with the plough. (Jav. Waluku, a plouch). 288 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Mulungsur, to let oneself glide or roll down from any place. Slipped or shoved down. To get a discharge, to throw up a situation. Said of fish which escapes from a casting net. Mumin, Arabie, the faithful, the orthodox true believers. Mumanin, in the plural. (Ar. v Were Mumul, unwilling, dissenting from. Mumul ngadéng’i, unwilling to hear it. Mumul lémék, unwilling to speak, not wishing to interfere. Mumul kabawa-bawa, dissenting from being Mumin; pl. Mu'minúna). , mixed up (in any affair). Mumulan, lazy, indolent. Mumulé, to take care of, to provide for; to feed and bring up. Mumuluk, to eat atatime before the regular meal time, from what was left at the last regular feed. To take a luncheon. See Madang. Mumunechangan. the shin or anklebone which projects like the fruit Munchang. Mumunggang, an elevation, a rise in the ground; a height. Mun, an abbreviated from of Lamun, if, in case that. (See Mtun). Munar, to clear away forest &c. in order to make room to set up houses &c. Munara, the minaret of a mosque. Manar, arabic, minaret, Crawfurd. Munechang, name of a tree, Aleurites Moluccana, from the fruit of which an oil is made. Munchang China, name of a tree, but not an Aleurites. The fruit when eaten is nearly poisonous causing violent vomiting and evacuations. Munchërëng, staring intently; with the eyes steadily fixed on anything. Munechilak, with the eyes wide open; agoggle. Zamun sta di gëbugan, mohal to mun- chilak, if you get thrashed, as if your eyes w'ont stare out of your head. Munding, a buffaloe. The more pure Sunda word for what is also very commonly cal- led Kèbo: Bos Bubalus. Munding Sari, name of a sovereign of Pajajaran in the 12th century A.D. Here we have a pure Sunda word, Munding, a buffaloe, associated with Sari, which is proba- bly of Sanscrit origin meaning flower. Munding Wang'i, the fragrant Buffaloe, a sovereign of Pajajaran in the middle of of the 13th century A.D. Mundu, name of a tree with a fruit somewhat like a Mangostan, it is the Xanthochymus Javanensis, of the family of Guttiferae. Mundur, to go back, to fall back, to retire, to retreat. See Undur. (Mal. idem). Mundut, to gather by way of contribution, to put under contributien, to levy. Munggah, to arise, to come up out of, to be elevated. Occurs in the expression Mung- gah Haji, to become Haji, to have made the pilgrimage to Mecca. Munggaran, to weed humahs for the first time over; to tear open the enerustation of weeds. Mungkar, exclusive of, with the exception of. Mungkir, to retract (one's word); to recede from, to disavow, to deny; to fail. Munghir tà AND ENGLISH. 289 perjanjtan, to withdraw from an agreement. Mohal daik mungkir ti omong aing, I will not disavow what 1 said. Mungsrét-mangsrét, to squitter as an animal, especially a buffaloe, in walking. Drop- ping the dung whilst walking. Muntir, turning in gyrations and falling, as a bird shot and falling to the ground, Tur- ning in gyrations as an animal with any disease; twisting and turning about. (Jav. Muntir, to turn round). Mupakat, arabic, properly Muwafakat, also Mufakat, to agree, to be of one mind, to unite efforts; to form a joint resolution, (sle, Muwâfakat, agreeing). Mupu, to gather fruit, to gather in a crop; to collect any objects. (Jav. idem). Mupuri, to glean in the remainder of fruit on trees, after the chief part of the crop has been gathered; to gather a few straggling fruits. Murag, to drop out as grains little by little; to drop off, as grains from the ear; what in English we call shaken. Paré na murag jasah, the grain of the paddy falls off very much. Murah, cheap, low priced. (Jav. Mal. idem). Murah ang'ën, litteraly: cheap hearted, means—munificent, liberal; not stingy. (The preceding meaning also abundant, liberal and Ang'ën, heart, mind, in Kw. and Sund.). Murian, to put by, to have in keeping. Probably derived from Buri, behind, and thus: kept behind, reserved. Muriang, having an attack of cold fever. Panyakit muriang, the fever disease. Muriang kawayah, the intermittent fever. Murid, arabic, disciple, follower, scholar. (Bae Murid, a scholar). Muring’is, tottering and feeble; weak from exhaustion. Muringkak, to stand on end, as hair in fright or in great cold. Muringkak bulu na, the hair of his body stood on end. Murudul, to erumble down in mass; to slip down as dry earth. Murukukung, bent in an arch, curved, bent round. Said of any animal, especially a horse, which sets up its back. With the back curved upwards. Muruluk, to crumble down in small quantities, little by little. Murus, to run off; to run away; to make off. (Jav. Diarrhoea). Mus, the end of; the upshot. Mus na bai, said when anything is lost in an unaccount- able manner, nobody knows what has become of it. Musa, arabic, Moses. Considered a prophet. (ea Músá, Moses). Musim, season, monsoon. Marsden calls this word Arabic, and has, no doubt, been in- troduced into the languages of the Archipelago generally by the early Arab traders, 5 ve who suited their voyages to the monsoons. ( pages Mausim). 37 290 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Mustail, most likely Arabie—that is out of the question. An asseveration of disbelief. You cannot think to make one believe. (Ar. den, ‚ Mustalúl, not true; absurd ; impossible). Zee? « Mustajab, arabic, unerring, infallible. Certain of its effect. A greeable, acceptable. (le lee Mustajâb, admitted, conceded (by God). > Mustari, arabie, the planet Jupiter. A book of incantations or of divinations. (ln Ed Mushtarin. Freytag). Mustika, a bezoar, an amulet; any small stone or object of nature used fora charm to cure disease or ward off evil, The possession of such Mustika is thought to give the owner supernatural power. Such Mustika are often concretionary balls found in the stomach of animals. Mustika awi, silicious incrustations sometimes found in the joints of bambu, to which supernatural powers are attributed. Mushtiha, C. 553, a gold- smith. Mushti, C. 553, the fist, the closed hand. Perhaps our Mustika, amulet, has gained its name from possesing hidden virtues, as if closed in the hand, but never- theless efficacious. (From Mush, to steal: things concealed !). Musuh, an enemy, a hostile. opponent. (Mal. idem). Musung, having only one testicle. A peculiarity of some animals. Muté, beads, beads for stringing. (Scr. Mutya, a pearl. Jav. Mote; Mal. Mutiya). Mutëélak, arabic, absolute, general. Wakil muttlak, plenipotentiary. An agent possessing full powers. Mak muttlak, an undoubted right, an absolute right. ( Gls, Mutlak, ge- neral, absolute). Mutiara, a pearl. Mutu and Muttika, C. 549 and 550, a pearl. (Ser. Mutya + hára, a string of pearls). Mutuhkén, to cause to be hard up; to cause to become destitute; to put to very great inconvenience. See Butuh. (Jav. Ambutuhkén, idem). i Mu-uk, said of bees which fly out and attack or sting a person or animal disturbing their nest. Muyënëng, being quiet, tranquil; to mope. JélÌma kasusahan muyënèng bai di imah, a man in difficulties, sitting moping in the house. (Cf. Mal. s®rang, quiet, in peace). Muyungkung, all—overish; feeling unwell without exactly knowing what is the matter; out of spirits and unwell. Na, The possessive pronoun, his, ker, its. Mulu na lalaki, a man's head; imah na éwé randa, a widow's house; tungtung na kayu, the end of the wood. It not unfrequent- ly precedes the substantive to which it alludes, when uch substantive is preceded by the preposition di or ka, when it has less of a possessìive power. Di na mah, at the house; whereas to make it: at his house, would require another na after (mah, as di na imah na; Ka na hadé ma, hanto, as to its being good, no. Ma is often used in the sense of our the, but as such it always follows the substantive to which it re- AND ENGLISH. On lates; Batu na tèëuas, the stone was hard; Tangkal na luhur, the tree was high. (1). Na-as, the meaning of na-as is that nothing is obtained, as if a man went out shooting, and firing at a deer did not hit it, and firing at birds, could not hit them; feeling hungry could get nothing to eat; feeling thirsty could find no water, till going home in disgust, the party had nothing to bring with him. All this is expressed by the word KOK Na-as. (Arab. Lee ‚ Nals, misfortune; unfortunate. In Jav. also NaAas). Na-as, there is a sort of calculation called na-as pitw, the seven na-as. In every month there are seven days which are called za-as, viz. the 1st—4th —11th—1l4th—1l5th—2lth— and 25th. Now on these seven days luck will never, or hardly ever, attend one’s undertakings, everything will go wrong, and therefore these days are avoided by the native when he undertakes any matter of importance. There is a belief that on these seven dates of the month, Mahomet got into his greatest difficulties and persecutions. (Naturally the same word as the preceding). Nabas, to buy up wholesale. See Tabasan. (Jav. Nébas, to buy the produce standing yet in the field. Cf. 7'&bus, Tumbas). Nabi, arabie, a Prophet. Nabi Zsa, the Prophet Jesus. Nabi Mohammad, the prophet Mahomet. (5 Nabi). Nadin, Këtan nadin, the kétan paddy which is losing its qualities of Kètan and turning to Paré bëntr or true paddy, a thing which the natives say sometimes takes place. Naga, a fabulous serpent, a dragon. Naga, C. 815, the hooded snake or Cobra Capella; a serpent in general; the Hindu Dragon. Nagasari, name of a tree, also called Pung, Acacia Pedunculata, Nagasari, name of another tree, Mesua ferrea. Nagara, a country; a region; a chief town. The capital of a country where the chiefs reside as contradistinguished from the villages or distant provinces. Nagara, C. 306, a town; a city. Nagara Dangka, a country whose people do not know what is right, who are in ignorance (of the Mohammedan religion). See Dangka. Nagél, slippery and without hold. Said of any place where no frm footing or hold can be got, as upon the face of aledge of rocks. Nagél di na gawir, in a slippery position on the face of a steep bank; on the face of a steep bank, where no firm hold or footing can be got. (1) Na before the substantive is, Il think, to be considered as demonstrativum; it is the most simple form of the demonstratives showing a greater distance from the speaker; Kw. na-han (oppo- site ni-han); Mal. Sd, ma-na; Mal, sa-na. As a possessive pronoun it corresponds with Kw. nya, Jav. ne, Mal, nya. Fr. 299 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Nagèn, to persevere; to undertake with vigour; to set to work with resolution. Nagèn di pagawéan, keeping close at his work. Nagi, to demand the payment of a debt; to dun. (Mal. ta95). Nagog, sitting or crouching down carelessly. Nagog bai di imah, loitering in the house. Nagog bai di buruan, squatting in the yard before the house. Nagrég, dry poor soil, where little or nothing will grow; hard bad soil, where hardly a wild grass or weed will grow, or thrive. Nah, an interjection of reproach; an expression in finding fault with any one. Nah! sia nundutan dèwi, there you are napping again. Naha, how comes it? for what reason? Wat naha! an expression of remonstrance: How can that possibly be! Bij what means is that! Naha sia to daik pèupèuli kang aing, how eomes it that you do not tell me? Nahëun, to set, asatrap or other device for ensnaring. Nahtun bachang, to set a springe to take an animal. Nahèun gaul, and Nahlun bubu, two methods of taking fish by setting those traps in rivers. Nahëur, to boil; especially to boil water or juice for sugar. Nahi, failing in work which a man cannot get through; beat with a job; not able to get through any work given. Labour in vain. Naik, to ascend, to go aloft; to increase in number or quantity. To assume a high of- fice. Naik pangkat, to ascend in office. Naik raja, to become a king. Nak haji, to become a pilgrim at Mecca. Naik kuda, to mount a horse. Maik kapal, to em- bark in a ship. (Mal. idem). Najis, decidedly not (the word implies a strong and positive denial or disbelief). Wat najis tluyn, it is a most positive lie. Najis sia bisa bayar, it is quite impossible that you should be able to pay. Najong, to strike with the fore foot. Nakér, very, in an extreme degree. Madé nakër, it is very good. Murah nakër, it is very cheap. Luhur nakër, exceedingly hich. Nakhoda, persian, the master of a vessel; a native captain of a seagoing ship or vessel. Makhoda prahu Bugis, the master of a Bugis prow. (\sal Nakhudá, Pers. mas- ter Jas, Ahudâ, of a ship „5 náv). Naksi, said of a woman who sues for a divorce. Nal, wadding for loading a gun (which in Java, is generally with the natives sabut or coir teazed out of the husk of the cocoanut). Nalik, as respects, regarding, taking into consideration. Malik ka na bogah na susah nyyoanbut, taking into consideration the difficulty there is in working it. Naliktik, to seek, to peep, to look after. Nambag, to accumulate; collected in a heap. Said especially of water which, meeting any obstacle in its course, accumulates and rises up so as to overflow that obstacle, or finds vent sideways. Said also of matter, as earth, mud, sand, leaves and sticks which AND ENGLISH. 293 hang in a water course, and do not wash away clean. Paré na nambag di lawang gudang, the paddy is heaped up about the door of the store. Chadas na nambag to daikkën palid, the indurated earth hangs in its course and will not wash away. Chai na gëus nambag, limpas ka na bêndungan, the water has collected in front of the dam and now flows over it. Nambang, to be conveyed or transported by water; to work a shore boat. (Jav. Nam- bang’ug’i to make a traject, to transport across a river. Mal. Zumbaxng, to transport over a river. Jav. Zambaug, a eord—such being put across a river for the purpose of traject). Nambat, to reach across; sufficiently long, sufficient for any object. Kayu na mojtuh na, nambat ka sabrang, that wood is just the thing, it reaches to the other side of the water. Paré na to nambat ka tahtun déui, the paddy will not last till the next year, that is, there is not enough of it. Namblëge, thumping down firmly on the ground and remaining fixed. Said also of scales which are borne down to the ground with a heavy or full weight. Standing upright and immoveable. Nambo, the old course of a river now deserted; the former bed of a river. Namnam, name of a fruit tree, Cynometra Cauliflora. The fruit grows out from the stem of the tree. Nampah, to receive, to take in one's hands, to get into one's possession. Nampah sa ru- piyah, to receive a rupee. (Jav. eme ea Ng. amer Tompa, Tampt). Nampanan, to receive, to take in hand. See Tampanan. Kula di sodoran, tlultui nampa- nan bai, when it was handed me, Il at once received it, Namprak, spread out, laid out thin; set out or exposed (for sale). Nana, a duplication of the possessive pronoun na, which gives it emphasis. Girangan nana, still higher up the river. Pasawahan nana légah, their sawahs are extensive. The word naza requires to follow a final an in the previous word. Nanah, matter from a festering wound; pus. (Jav. Mal. idem). Nanchëb, stuck in the ground or other substance. See Tanchtbkën. (Jav. Nanchtb, to stick a thing with the point in the ground or into any week substance). Nandés or Tandéës, cut through, broken through, clean or short off. Nanëm, buried or sunk in the earth; stuck fast in the ground. yo batu wat nantm amat, how much this stone is stuck fast in the ground. (Jav. Nannëm, to plant). Nang’ën, heard only in Po nang’ën, to have no strength, to be helpless. Nanggeéuh, perpendicular, steep; straight upright; standing on end. Nanggung, to carry singly, by means of a stick laid across the shoulders, with the weight suspended from each end. When two or more persons are employed carrying, it would be called Gotong, which see. To be security or bail for another person. (Mal. Tang’gung, Mènang’gung, to bear; to be security. Jav. Nang'gung, to be security). Nanggur, of no use, of no avail, useless, worthless. Nangka, the Jack tree, Artocarpus Integrifolia, of the family Urticeae, J04 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Nangka-bëéurit, literally the Mouse Nanka, a variety of the Jack fruit, of which the fruit is long and round. Called in Malay Champ?dak, Artocarpus Polydhema of the family of Urticea. The Sunda name means literally the rat or monse Jack tree, which probably betrays the trees as not aboriginally belonging to Java, or else there would be some single and purely indigenous name for it. Yet itis found every where in abundance among the mountains. The Malay word Chlampèdak; contains the word Champa, which was a country of Bengal, the present Bhagalpore; Dakh, C. 252, agiver, a donor — may denote that it was given by, or introduced from Champa. Nangka Wolanda, The Soursop, Anona Muricata;— originally introduced from the West Indies by the Dutch and hence Wolanda. Nangkarak, lying on the back, with the belly upwards. Nangkod, adhering to; in close connexion with; embracing. Nangkoda, persian, the captain of a seagoing vessel, a native captain; the same as Nakhoda. Nangkub, lying on the belly, with the back upwards. Nangkuban, inverted over anything; lying with the belly downwards over anything. Nangsi, name of a tree, Urtica Rubescens. Nansgtung, on end, upright, standing up. Maka nantung sia, stand up. Maka nararang- tung, get up all of you. Nararangtung, is the plural of nangtung. Nanjak, to go up,‚ to ascend a hill, to climb a steep place. Nanjöur, upright, erect, on end; rearing up. Kuda na urut nanjlur tlultui nonjol, af- ter the horse had reared up, he bolted off. Nanya, to ask; to enquire. Kula tonanya, I did not ask. (Mal. „6, Túnya, Kw. en agr Tannya, Ger.). Nanyakëén, to enquire after anything; to question. - Napal, adhering, adhesive, sticking to; clammy; in juxtaposition. (Jaz. Napèël, to have a circuit to adhere, stick to). Napas, arabic, breath, respiration; the breath of life; air which is taken into the lungs; soul, spirit. (wijs Nafs, anima; persona, individuum. id Nafas , spiritus, anhelitus. Freytag). Napas, a colour of horse's hair, which is light brown or fawn. Kuda napas, a fawn cor loured horse. Napi, to sift, to put through a sieve or riddle; especially said of rice and grain. (Jav. Napenmu , idem). Napsu, arabic, the energy of life; the passions; a willingness to exert oneself; sensual desires, lust. Owoh napsuan, there is no exertion in him or it, said of man or beast. Napsu alam dunya, the desires of this world. (From the same root gn in the Sd form desideravit, 4th cupidum reddidit, desiderio affecit. Freytag). Narajang, to come in contact with; to fy at and attack; to fall to the lot of, Maung END SENG IS IE 295 narajang ka jéléma, the tiger fiew at the man. Zanvun narajang ka lovah hula, payah, should such fall to my lot, I should be sorely put about. See Zarajang. (Jav. Nra- jang, from Trajang, Tèrajang to attack. Mal. idem). Naraka, hell, the infernal regions. Naraka, C. 811—Hell. Nararangtung, the plural of Nangtung, standing up. Narawas, to hold an inspection before commencing operations. See Tarawas. Narawastu, name of a grass with odoriferous roots, which are used as a perfume. This is called by the Javanese Zorowastu. Andropogon Muricatus. The roots are of a yellow colour and often made into fans. Mara, C, 811, a man individually or gene- rally. According to the Brahminical system of theology the anima mundi ov the spirit pervading the umiverse. Wastu, C. 682, property, wealth, natural disposition, essen- tial property, nature, essence. The essence of the soul of the universe. Narik, to drag, to haul along, to pull. To attend a loaded cart. To keep a cart and buffaloes for the purpose of carrying loads. (Jav. Mal. idem). Naruhkèën, to wager, to risk. 5 Nas, arabic, a text or dogma of the koran. (oe Nace, sanctio. In Malay the same as in Sunda). Pd Nasir, arabic, a defender, a protector, an assistant. Crawfurd. (rel, Nacur). Nasur, arabic, a vulture, used only in relating fabulous stories. In Hebrew, Syriac, Aethiopie and Arabic, the word Misr means either an eagle or a hawk, and appears je Ss ’ Pr to be derived from an unused root, meaning „to tear in pieces with the teeth”, „to rend as a bird of prey”. Vaux’s Nineveh and Persepolis; page 31. (Arabic Re Nasr, Pdrd vulture; from the root pd) Nasara, to rend, to tear in peaces with the beak). Nata, a chief, a master, alord, a prince. Much used in the composition of proper names. Notar Cal amaster manchien anmloude Natag, to hack a tree in order to let it bleed a gum. Natrat, following the course of, tracking: not swerving from. Natrat bat turut jalan ka Bogor, without swerving he followed the road to Buitenzorg. Natrat bai di susul, he followed after him in his track. jj Nau, to bale out water from a pool till dry, in order to catch the fish. Naun, what, that which. Naun nu di sada, what is it which gives acry? Naun sebab na, what is the reason of it? Ku naun, why? Naun tah? what is it? how do you call it? Naur or Nawur, to fling out for ascramble. Maur duit, to fling out doits to be scram- bled for. See 4wur and Gaur. To redeem anything by a payment. Naur gawé, to re- deem (the service or servitude of feudal) work. Said of such people as compound for feudal service. Maur hutang, to redeem a debt, to pay the debt. (Jav. Nawur, to spread round. Mal. „LG Tábur, spread). Nawing, looking high at a distance, as a mountain. Perpendicular and steep, like an 296 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE abrupt precipice. (Kw. Ger. Zawing, shut out of view, covered; also name of a mountain). Nayaka, a noble man, a man of high birth, a grandee. MNayaka, C. 319, chief, princi- pal, head, pre- eminent. Nayëuh, same as Zaytuh, which see. To naytuh, it does not look like it; it is not likely. (CÉ. Kw. Ger. Tayuh, an apparition, a vision in dreaming). N éam, it appears to me, it strikes me. Néam mohal hadé, it appears to measifit would not be right. Néam na pondok, it strikes me that it is short. Néang, same as Péang, to look for, to search, to get hold of, to call. Nébal, to begin, to commence. To take any work in hand. Nébar, to sow seeds broad cast. To scatter seed over land prepared for that purpose. To sow sawah paddy as seed in the Pabizihan, to be subsequently transplanted. (Jav. Sèbar, Nytbar Nèbar idem). Nébéng, slope, ascent; a flat but upright surface. Néda, to eat, a refined expression. Mùüktur n?da, he is just eating. (Jav. Bal. Gan Nèda, to eat). Nédah, to ask, to entreat. MNèdah kalapa sa hulu, I beg of you one fruit of the eocoanut. (Jav. Nèdah, Kr. Nuduh Ng. to assign, to show, to order). Nédas, done up entirely, totally destroyed or allowed to goto ruin. (Jav. Gianaapy Tèdas, huit, wounded). Nédëng, in season; ocurring in quantities, abundant, said of fruit; in the busy act of doing something. Said of anything that is plentiful, or of any operation which is in the midst of being performed. Kadu Cuktur nêdëng, Durians are plentiful. MNèdéng di buat, in the midst of cutting paddy. (Jav. Mal. Sëd#rg, sufficient; apt, becoming; at the very time. Nèdèng, to do at the right time. Kw. Sè®dèng and Sédëék, at the time that). Négla, visable from a distance, exposed to view. Di gunung neégla amat ka laut, on the mountains you have a fine prospect over the sea. Meégla t&uyn kalakuan sia, your actions are too clearly seen. The place in Bantam called Pandeglan, seems derived from this word négla, with Pan before it, and an after. The N of négla is trans- formed into D, as is the case with some other words, as Pandturtusan, from Nèu- rÜus. Pandéglan in Bantam is on the eastern slope of the Gunung Karang, and com- mands a fine view. (The d in Pandéglan and Pandturtusan seems to be euphonically inserted. Fr.) 5 Ô af On Seen Nëjum, arabic, the stars; a horoscope, astrology. ( p= Najim; plur. p= Nujum, or Ee Nujúm , stars). Nék, an idiomatic expression of feeling sorrow, or regret; of feeling hurt. Ari ngadéngi to miunang, nék bai, when Il heard that it could not be got, IT was quite hurt. Nékér, to strike a light with a fint and steel. See Panékér. Nékték, perpendicular. Bolt upright: especially said of anything which is very high, as a mountain. AND ENGLISH. 297 Nélah, to bear aname, to becalled. Néiah Abdullah, to be called Abdullah. See Katilah. (Jav, Télah, to be accustomed; custom. Mal. T'élah, said of the past time). Némbalan, to answer, to respond, to ery out. (Jav. Timbal, Nimbal, to transfer , to throw to another; uimballi, to call a person, to order). Némbang, to pitch a tune; to tune an instrument. (Jav. Némbang, idem). Némpélét, a very trifle, showing small in quantity. Paré na némpélét dèwi, his paddy was reduced to a small compass. Némpuh, to put under the obligation of praying, to claim indemnity. Ari rusak baka- kas aing, daik némpuh bai ka nu maké, if my tools are spoiled, I shall claim indem- nity from those who have used them. That is — [ shall make them pay for them. (Jav. idem). Némpur, to buy paddy. Nénaunan, about what? what are you doing? A verb derived from MNaun, what? Nènaunan sia di dinyo, what are you about there? Néné-moyang, ancestors, grandfather and grandmother. Néné is not used alone, but there is Nini for grandmother. Moyang is also not used separately and occurs only in the expression Néné-moyang. Vide Moyang. Nénggél, to hit on the right spot, to strike with effect. To hit with precision. Zo nèng- gël, it did not hit. (Jav. Pénggél, Nénggël, to run against the body of a person. Ger.). Népa, to infect, as disease conveyed to another. Panyakit éta sok népa, that disease is eatching, or is caught by coming in contact with a person already affected. So Népi, up to, at, on arriving at; sufficiently long or large. See Pipi. Nèpi ka lumbur, péuptuli ka mandor, when you get to the village, tell the Mandor. Kayu iyo to nëpi, this wood is not long enough, it will not reach across. Nérapkëén, to set up or put up in order, to arrange. (Jav. Trap, manner, way, order; nèrap, to regulate, to put in order). Néros and téros, spindle shaped, thick at one end and thin at the other, as a stick of bambu, In Malay Tirus. Nétés, sore-footed, from festering cracks or wounds which naturally break out, and which often trouble the native very much; they occur on the sole of the foot. This obliges him to wear a Farumpah or rude sandal, which see. (Jav. Tétés, hurt, cut, wounded). Néuléum, to dip, to dye, as cotton cloth or thread. To dive under water. (Jav. Silèm, to dive under water, to sink into it; Nilm, to dip, to make sink). Néupa, to work iron, to work as a blacksmith. Néurak, to take effect, to make an impression, to leave a mark; to hit. Di kad{k ku bZ- dog to daik néurak, when struck with a chopper, it would not be cut. (Jav. Nirak, to hurt, .to hit). Néurëus, to lay spawn or deposit eggs as fish do. Comingonin crowds. Said of num- bers of people pressing on to obtain some object. Nea, a syllable placed before a substantive or adjective, whereby a verbal sense is con- veyed, as Déngi, hear, hearing, Ngadéngi, to hear. The word so formed is also of- ten followed by an, as Madé, good, Ngahadéan, to make good, to mend. See 58 298 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE below for numerous examples. By divesting the word of the initial nga, and final an, the crude word will be found, which may mostly be further consulted in voce. Negabadëg, many, plenty, superabundance; „more than wanted. Negabaiawak, to drop in upon a neighbour who is known to have good cheer, and as soon as you have got your belly full to walk off. Done in imitation of the Batawak, which see. Negabakti, to do good actions, to do what a man’s faith or religion requires. To make reverence or homage. See Bakti. Neabayuan, to feed, to take care of. To cherish. ' Ngabayut, jammed, grazing along. Ngabëdil, to fire with a gun; to kill by firing at with a fowling piece or Bèdil. Nga- bédil unchal to nêurak, I fired at a deer, but did not hit it. Ngabëlëlok, to explode, to go off with a loud report, Neabëng’uk, sitting cowered in a heap, with the head hanging down, and troubled with some difficulty. Ngabësot, slipped or sprung out: disengaged; unconnected by slipping out. Ngabëtok, to set oneself in opposition; to be hard-headed and obstinate. Unwilling to comply with any demand. (Jav. enen Batuk, the forehead). Neabëtrik, to fy back with a spring as a bent stick; to reverberate. Neabëurèuman, to make red, that is to make any one ashamed of himself. To worst an enemy. Neabihi, a petty title of family rank next below a Rangga, generally heard as Zngabt. (Jav. Ngabehi from kabeh, many, much. According to Gericke higher in rank than a Rangga). Neabiléng, to stare earnestly, to watch attentively; to watch without turning off the head or eyes. Ngabiti, to strike sideways with the foot. To give a side blow with the leg. (Jav. Am- biti, uns3, to strike with the fist). Negabokong, to set the rump against anything so as to lift it; to shove up and along with the rump, as a boatin shallow water. See Bobokong. (Jav. Bokong, the rump). Neabrag, to run about at random; to go aroving. To neglect work and go strolling about. Neabugigig, said of a person, especially a woman who is careless about her toilet, who never combs her hair, or puts her clothes properly on. Slovenly. Negabukti, to get possession, to receive as an offering which is due and accepted. To obtain. See Bukti. Neabulak, to bubble or well up like water, in large quantity and with force, Ngabundël, rolled in a heap; collected in a mass. (Jav. Bundel, epa nag to make a knot, to tie up). Ngaburayut, hanging down in a heap, or in a bundle or in a cluster. EE a AND ENGLISCH. 299 Ngaburial, to bubble up as water in small quantities; said of small articles which keep floating upwards in water. Ngabuyut, to follow in a row as natives follow after a chief. To go in company with Ngachabur, to splash in water; to swim in the splashing manner of natives. (Jav. Chè- bur, Mal. Chabur, to spring into the water). Ngachalok, to hop; to settle as a bird; to perch. (Bat. Ménchëluk, id). Ngachir, to run away in fear; to run off when worsted; defeated and fugitive. Ngacho, to talk vauntingly. To hold bragging talk which of itself is evidently untrue. Ngadalit, to stare, to look earnestly. Ngadapang, down on all fours on the ground. Crouched down on the ground. Snea- king along in a cowring position. Ngadawëung, to stare at, to look steadily; to gaze. To look as if at a loss what to do. Agog and perplexed. Ngadëg, to set up for; to establish oneself; to be installed in an office. G&us ngad?g sudagar, he has set up for a trader. Ngadèg d?mang, to be installed as a Demang. (Jav. Bal. Ngadèg, to stand; to reign, to have authority). Negadégdég, to tremble, to shiver with fear or cold or the like. Ngadëkëm, erouched down; squatting on the ground. It also means stuffing yourself, feeding eagerly, as the natives always cower down when eating. Doing anything with great intentness. Neadëkuk, squatting down with one knee to the ground and the other to the chin. Said al- so of a horse which falls down with one leg bent, and the other stuck out in front. (Jav. Bat. meenen Dikok, to sleep). Neadëmpés, crouching down, as if hiding oneself. Ngadéng’i, to hear, to listen to. Ulah sok ngadéng’i ka jéléma burung d'ont be always listening to foolish people. (Mal. Déngar,to hear. Jav. Dengër, Déngèr, to understand. Kw. Dèngë, QA to hear). Neadëépa, lying down asa beast; sleeping on the ground. Unchal kapanggih Cukèur nga- dépa, we came upon the deer whilst lying on the ground. Ngadëuhëusan, to approach, to draw near to; a refined expression. MNgadèuhtusan ka nu gëdé, to approach great men, to seek an interview with men in authority. Neadëulëuh, to see, to view, to behold. Kudu ngadtultuh ka kulon, you must look towards the west. (Cf. Jav. Kw. Dulu. Kawi of inscriptions, DÈlt, &: Bat. Dèlok). Neadëupa, a superstitious ceremony performed at some Kramats or old graves. A man __ takes a stick, by preference cut from the Sulangkar, and measures with it his fathom, Dtupa, which is then cut off. Such sticks are laid upon the Kramat, and if, after saying a prayer, they are found to be a little longer, the prayer will be granted. Ngadiyëukan, to be seated on; to cause to appear in anything which is growing. Nga- duyéukan manth, to go and sit oneself down with a request, and refusing to leave till granted. Said of persons who thus go and request a daughter in marriage etc. 500 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Ngadiytukan buku, said of young growing paddy when the joints form in the straw. Ngadogér, to work with a will, to work vehemently, to use strenuous exertions. Sa umvur hirup ngadogér to bogah pimahitun, working hard all your life time and not having enough tolive on. Lwmpat ka sawah téulêui ngadogér, to bisa maju ku llutak, He ran to the sawahs and forthwith struggling vehemently could not advance from the mud. Ngadu, to fight, to squabble, to dispute. Joined and filled together. (See Adu). Ngadu biru, to intermingle in a discussion, or take part in it, when you have no right or claim to do so. To interfere in matters which do not regard you. See Biru. Ngadukën, to set to fighting; to egg on; to dispute. To fix or set together, as car- pentry &c. Ngadumuk, to abide, to live, to put up or hang out. Di mana ngadumuk na, where does he put up; where does he hang out. Ngadungkuk, to sit quiet cowered in a heap, with the head hanging down as if in deep thought or in trouble. To show in a round heap, as a big stone or other object at a short distance. if Ngadurugdug, to run or move forward with violence and causing a loud report. To burst out violently. The report of anybody moving with violence, as a stone rolled down a hill. Ngaduruk, to gather wood together, to pile it up and burn it. This is always done in the humahs after they have been burnt off. Gathering the partially consumed branches and bits of wood, and burning them off in a heap. Ngagadil, to butt as a goat. Ngagahgar, to cease to bear fruit, as trees or plants. Ngagalang, across our road; athwart; anything set up in a ridge so as to form a barrier. Ngagangsur, to trail along the ground with the belly, as is the case with one of the varieties of Rhinoceros, hence called Badak gangsur. Said of the act of any four-foo- ted animal’s belly trailing along the ground, or over logs of wood as it walks along. Ngagantang, to receive anything, especially rice, by the gantang measure. Paid labou- rers generally receive their allowances of rice twice a month, and this is called nga- gantang. Ngagantung, to be suspended, To cause a suspension of payments or other allowances. To be relatively higher than something else. Chai na to dai: ngochor, ngagantung ké- néh, ka na sawah, the water will not flow on, the sawahs are still quite suspended over it. Ngagauk, to bellow, to roar out. (C£. Ngagoak). Ngagawing, swinging clear of the ground, Hlevated above the ground. Pendulous. Neagayém, to chew, to masticate: to chew the cud. Ngagapui, dragging along the earth; hanging down on the ground. Ngagëdëg, rushing with impetuosity, as a stream of water, or a crowd of men or ani- mals. (Jav. GÜdEg, Meany to shake, to move to either side.) AND ENGLISH. 301 Negagëdèr, to make a loud noise or report in moving round or revolving like a water wheel. To make any continuous noise or chatter, asa person who talks much and no one else can put ina word. (Jav. Gëdèr, GE ef. AN a noise, aloud noise; gumtdè?r, to make a noise). Ngagëlar, said of things left out exposed in an open room, which does not fasten up. Left open and exposed. Neagëlëdeg, rushing with impetuosity, as a stream of water, or a crowd of men or animals. (See Ngag?dèg). Neagëndéng, erying out and remonstrating: querulously complaining. Giving lots of talk and complaint. Ngagéong, to fly round and round, as doves or any flock of birds. Neagëtai, said of many people walking together or in a consecutive row; moving in large and tumultuous numbers. Ngagtugëuh, to examine, to have an eye to; said of men in power who look after matters. Ngagéwér, slipped down, slipped off. Said of a piece of wood laid across a ditch, which is not rm but slips round when stepped upon. Ngagilëk, to turn or slip round, as a round pole of wood, or a round stone set in the road, when stepped upon. Ngagoak, to roar out, toery aloud, to bellow. (Goak, a erow; cf. Ngagauf). Neagoéng, to turn round, to revolve as a wheel. Ngagolak, to boil up as hot water; to be in a state of ebullition. Ngaguik, to squeal as a pig. Ngagunduk, collected in a heap, piled together. Ngaguntang, to lay hold of and swing by, as in climbing a tree, swinging by the branches; or passing along the under part of a roof, swinging by the rafters. Ngaguriling, tumbling over, rolling about; running away in revolutions, like a stone rolling down a hill. (Cf. Gilizg). Ngahadéan, to make good, to mend, to repair. To make good friends with any one. To cultivate a man's good will. Ngahaharuan, to speak bad of people behind their backs; to pick a hole in a man’s character. To scandalize. Ngahalingan, to shut out from view. Ngahandapan, to come under, to be in alower position. (From Harndap, Jav. amar aj low, beneath). Neahaung, to roar as a tiger. Ngahawok, to scream, to cry out aloud, to holloa out. Negahéong, to mew as a cat. Neahëurap, to take fish with a casting net. See Hr&uap. Neahëurëuyan, to molest, to trouble, to pester. Neahiang, to disappear mysteriously, to vanish- as did the people in the olden time be- 902 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE fore the introduction of Mohammedanism and as is supposed was the case with those natives, who on the introduction of Mohammedanism ‘vere unwilling to renounce their old Brahminical faith and consequently vanished and did not die a natural death. The origin of this word is no doubt to be found in yang which see—to become a di- vinity, to be deified. This idea of vanishing from the world, and dying, is not con- fined to the Javanese. The early kings of Macassar are reported also no tot have died, but that they disappeared. Tijdschrift voor Ned: Indië 1854 September. Page 149. Ngahidi, to spear fish by diving down into the water with a Mid:, which see, and then watching an opportunity to strike the fish. Ngahuap, to feed by eramming into the mouth of another, as a child is fed by its mo- ther. (Bat. Suappin, idem). Ngahujën, to strain when wishing to pass a stool, Ngahuléng, to beat rest, to stop from work, to pause, to be discomfitted, to be lazily disposed. To be outwitted in argument to shillishally. Negahunyud, sticking up in a heap. Projecting upwards like a cone. Ngahutang, to borrow; to incur debt by borrowing. Ngajamu, to invite people to a feast. To invite strangers to partake of refreshments. (From So 7 Arab. fen Jama’a, to collect, to gather; subst. e= Jam’u). Neajëbléh, to project the lower lip intentionally, as if in mockery. Ngajëblug, to lie, to deceive, to swindle. Ngajëbol, done up, fatigued very much, knocked up. Neajëdur, to flow with impetuosity as aflood in a river. Makingaloud report or great explosion. Maryëm na ngajtdur bai, the cannon went off with a great explosion. Ngajëlajër, said of the grains of growing paddy, when the husks are gaping, which is the true moment of impregnation. Neajëndil, to have an excrescence on the skin called Chèndil. Any small projection. Ngajëntul, of same meaning as Ngadungkuk, remaining quiet with the head hanging down, as if in deep thought or in trouble. Neaj1i, to read religious Mohammedan books. To study. To go to the Mohammedan schools. To read. See Ajs. Neajogo, to squat down on the hips with the knees under the arms. Neajuru, to be confined, to be brought to bed, to be delivered of young. Neala, to take, to gather, to fetch, to catch. Ngala chat, to fetch water; MNgala lauk, to catch fish. Kwdu ngala suluh you must gather fire wood. Ngala buah, to gather fruit. Kami ma to daik ngala, as for me Ì do not wish to take any. Ngala ka bapa, to take after his father, to resemble his father. Nealadag, in plenty, lying about in abundance. Ngalagëna, to set up for one self; to establish one self. Ngalakoän, to venture, to make an attempt. Mohal ngalakoën, that will never be the case. (Cf. Laku). AND ENGLISCIH. 05 Ngalalana, to go strolling about without any good intentions. Strolling about and in- tent on mischief, Ngalalër, to pass along, toinspect, to visit. Ari ngalalèr ha sawah, when LI go to take a look at the sawahs. Manto ngalaltr ka dinyo, 1 did not pass that way. Ngalamar, the ceremony of asking a young girl in marriage from her parents. This is done by the parents or friends of the man, who carry, according to circumstances, a certain number of Zukuns or quids of Sèurtuh, when the proposals are made, and terms of marriage agreed upon. The word has probably its origin in Zambar, a leaf (of Séuréuh). Ngalamar, to eat Sëurëuh- same as Ngalamar, which see. Ngalambak, lying about in numbers and in confusion. Scattered in quantities about. Ngalampahan, to take in hand, to receive in charge; to take possession of. MNgalampa- han parentah, to receive orders (to do something). MNgalampahan pagawéan, to take work in hand. Nealanchong, to go out on a journey, to take a stroll out. Ngalanchong ka Batawti, to go on a journey to Batavia. Mgalanchong ka lumbur batur, to take a stroll out to a neighbouring village. (Bat. Mètanchong, idem). Ngalanggé, to take fish with a bag net, langgé, dipped in and out of water. Ngalangsa, to ask pardon, to entreat forgiveness. Ngalanjak, to take deer, kidangs, pigs or other wild animals, by setting nets among the bushes in a large semicircular shape and then driving the animals towards them, when getting entangled they may be easily shot or speared. Negalantaran, to commence, to have its origin; having a connection with. Ngalawaë Saur, to ask for an explanation of some order given and not properly un- derstood; to ask in order to get a clear understanding. The expression used by in- feriors towards superiors, as we might say — Pray Sir! how am I to understand what was just said”. | Nealëbok, to eat greedily, to guitle, to swallow eagerly. Ngalébos, to slip into a hole by accident; to make a false step. Nealéd, working lazily, easily tired, giving up a matter easily as impossible; wanting energy. Nealédat slipped or rolled down from a height. Nealégor, to lie down in the open air, or in any unt place. Nealéhléh, tired, exhausted. Nealéh-ngaléh, lying down tired or exhausted. Nealëékëb, suffocating heat and no motion in the air. Said of a still atmosphere and oppres- sive heat. Nealëlëp, getting entangled in boggy ground, where in the act of pulling out one foot, the other gets stuck fast. Set fast in a slough. Nealëmar, to eat sturtuh; a refined expression used when speaking of a person of rank. 804 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Ngalémbéng, not seeing clearly, not being able to distinguish colour or appearance witks sufficient clearness. Ngalémbongan, to clear up and put in order a bit of ground or garden. Ngalënjër, laid down at full length; stretched out when sleeping. Ngalëu-éut, to drink tea or any warm decoction. A refined expression. Ngaléusëuhan, to try on for the first time; to make use of forthefirst time. To make trial with. MNgalëustuhan samping anyar, Trying on a new cloth for the first time. Ngaltustuhan paré anyar, Taking a trial of the new paddy, eating it for the first time. Nealëut, to follow each other in a row; to walk in single file. To come in quick suc- cession. To proceed in a continuous or unbroken line. Nealéuya, the same as ngaluya, which see. Ngaligur, lying about in numbers and in confusion; in abundance. Zauk munding nga- ligur, the buffaloe flesh was lying about in all directions. Ngalimbung, to gather together, to congregate. Ngaliyëuk, to stare about. To gaze around, To look up, or on one side. Ngalohér, stretched out at ease. Lying down carelessly any where. MNgalohér bai di saung stwah, stretched out in a sawah shed. Nealuat, to make a grave; to prepare for burial. Ngaluhuran, to be in a higher position. To be in a position above some one else. (Luhur, high). Nealului, to cook rice in a joint of bambu, which is thrust into a fire. Ngalumprah, showing in a heap, collected together, but rather spread out. Ngalumpuk, collected together, piled in a heap. Mgalumpuk is more in one heap or pile than ngalumprah. Negalungsur, to stop, to be discharged from office or employment. Nealunjak, impudent, insolent, of offensive manners. Ngaluya, in large quantities; more than can be consumed; more than one knows what to do with. Ngambang, to float or swim in water. Said more especially of anything which lies length- ways on water, as a piece of wood, a spar, a bambu or the like. Neambat, to entangle another person in any dispute; to draw into our own difficulties; to complicate. To acknowledge having done some evil, or committed some erime, but not alone, as it was done in company or with connivance of some one else who is named. Mgambat ka batur, to involve our neighbours (in our own difficulties); is of- ten to accuse falsely. Ngambëk, to get in a rage; to get vexed, to kick up a row. Ulah sok bluki ngambëk, D'ont get so easily vexed. Datang nu bogah, ngambëk bat, when the owner came he kicked.up a row. Neambëéuh, to smell, to get the odour of. To scent a coming event. Ngambul, to float upwards, to come or spring up in water. Said of anything which was kept under the surface, but which now comes up. Be AND ENGLISH. 905 Ngamén, to go about searching for employment; a strolling workman. Ngampar, laid out in layers; to spread out. Chadas ngampar rocks which form a floo- ring; evenly disposed rocks in their natural position. MNgampar samak, to spread out a mat. Ngamprah, to go beyond a usual course; to exceed limits. Chat ngamprah ka sawah, the water has risen and overflowed the sawahs. Spread out, lying in a sheet as wa- ter. Laut ngamprah bai ka barat, the sea was spread out like a sheet towards the westward. Ngamprét, scattered in all directions; thrown about. To sprinkle. Negamuk, to fight furiously. To attack indiseriminately. What is called in English—/run- ning a muck”. Any violent effort made is also called ngaimuk. Ngandar, to drag, to haul along. To pull along the ground. Ngandëg, to stop, to cause to stop, to stay. Halted, stopping short in a course. Unchal na di bidil Euktur ngandèg, the deer was shot at when it halted. Ngandéël, to believe, to place confidence in, to trust. Neang'ah, to gape, to yawn, to hold the mouth open: gaping, open- mouthed. Ngangkrok, without the means of going further- said of a way, road or passage which suddenly ceases in some way, and we can go no further, kut must return. Neanjang, to pay a visit, to go on a visit. Sok nganjang ka vnah batur, he often goes on a visit to a neighbour’s house. Neanjian, to have connexion as beasts. Neanjingan, to hunt with dogs — anyjing. To set dogs upon anything or person. To chase out with dogs. Neantéh, to spin, to spin as thread. May be derived from the verb Katinawa, to spin as thread, Clough 99. See kantéh. Neantëp, in an excessive degree, exceedingly. Ngaztip hadé na ka kula, he was exceeding!y good to me. Neapas, to draw breath, to inhale air. Ngaput, to sew, to stitch with needle and thread. Negarabut, to pull up, to pluck out; pulled out, extracted. Ngarachak, to melt, to dissolve and trickle down. Trickling down as water or any liquid. Negarah, to wish to have, to take a delight in, to desire, to covet. Zo di arah, L do not desire to make use of it. Zo ngarah, 1 do not want it. Ngarah sa hulu bai, I only wish for one (head or piece). Mn ngarah siji dèwi, IT only wish for one more. Ngarajang, to attack, to fight in battle, to tackle on. To falltothe share of, to come to the turn of. Ngarajang ka nu diga Kula, when it comes to the turn of a man like me. Ngarak, to carry a person in triumphal procession, as on occasions of marriage, circum- cision etc. (Bat. idem). Nearakit, said of erowing paddy which is already of some age, when two leaves come aa de 906 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE out together as if part of a raft, (see Makit). The paddy in this state is also called Gedé Paré, or high Paddy. Ngarakit, bound together in a raft. Rafted. Suluh blunang ngarakit, firewood which is bound together in a raft. Ngaraksa, to watch, to take care of. See Raksa. Ngarambat, to creep, especially to ereep through amongst en or tangled jungle. To creep and twine itself up a rod, as a pea or other plant in growing. Negaran, name. Saha ngaran sia, what is your name. (Jav. Kw. idem. Balin. Adax). Ngarandang, to creep, to crawl. Ngarandëg, to stop in the course, to halt, to bring to. Said of more than one. Derived from Andèg which see. Bédul ngarandëg di sist humah, the pigs halted on the verge of the paddy plantation. Nearangké, to get up any place, to climb. Ngarangsang, climbing up against. Said of the sun as it draws towards noon. Mata poi glus ngarangsang, the sun is climbing up on high—say from 11 to 12 o’Clock AM. Nearanjap, to kill an animal, as a buffaloe, for sale of the flesh. Negarara, to twist and twirl any fibre into a string; said especially of Maramat. Ngarasa, tofeel, to be conscious of; to have a pleasure in; to be pleased with. (See Rasa). Nearawidil, with the end sticking up, where it ought not. Projecting and out of order, Confusedly; not ship-shape. Nearayap, to creep, to crawl on all fours. Negarérét, to look askance, or from the corner of the eye. Ngearëumbëui, in seasons of scarcity of food, to mix maize or fruit witha little boiled rice, so as to make it go far. Nearëéunëuhan, to get with child, to cause to be pregnant. Ngarëuntöut, to settle down, to sodden together. To become compressed together, as a heap or pile of any light matter, as paddy, grass etc. after it has been heaped up for a short time. Collapsed., Ngari, to have a surplus, something remaining over; a remainder. Zo ngart, nothing was left. Ngarilës, the plural of MNgilès. Jéléma gëus ngarilts kabéh, all the men have sneaked away. Ngarinduk, bending over, eurving downwards, Ngarinduk daunaterm applied to young growing paddy, when it is so large as to admit the leaves to bend downwards. Ngaringkël, curled up, twisted in a circle, erimpled together, coiled up in a heap as a man wrapped up in his Samping and lying down. Ngaringkuk, being quiet but troubled in spirit. Sitting moping in troubles. Negaro-él, to play and dance with the small angklungs. Ngaroknok, said of the feathers of birds which come out after moulting. The stumpy points of feathers just beginning to sprout. AND ENGLISH. 907 Ngaronjang, about to ascend, on the point of springing up. Ngarosa, to be violent, to use great exertion; to do anything on a large scale, Ngaruyuk, to have intercourse with women slily in the jungle. See Ruyuk, Ngastëuk, to sow seed, especially paddy seed, by dibbling it into the ground. To sow paddy seed in the humahs, viz. by making a hole in the hard ground with a bluntly pointed stick, and then dropping a few grains into such hole, Ngasin, said of animals which seek salt licks, Said of animals snuffling after salt. Said of men who run after women. Ngasir, to tear or furrow up the earth as a buffaloe does with his horns. To scratch up the earth with the horn. Ngasuh, to nurse a little child, To hold such a child in the arms and swing it about. Neatiga, to make sawahs in the dry season, in swampy lands, which in the rainy season are to deep in water. See Katiga. Ngaur, to make aloud report. To go with a great bang. Maryém na ngaur bai di sada, the cannon went off with a loud explosion. Neawadang, to eat cold rice, the leavings of a regular meal. Ngawakwak, to keep chattering, to keep talking, to keep quacking. Ngawalajar, to plough sawahs for the first time when preparing for planting. When ploughed a second time, which is always the case, the operation is called Ngtwëlëd. Neawali, said of paddy which when planted does not yield a new grain, bearing exact- ly the same peculiarities as that planted. Said of forest which, when cut down, does not, on growing again, produce the same trees as the primeval forest so destroyed. Change in vegetation. Ngawëlit, to make atap thatch, by tying the leaves on the Jèjsalon stiek. Kirai loba kudu ngawëlit, there is lots of Kirat, so make atap thatch. Neawérëgan, to drive fish or game into nets or. enclosures in order to catch them. Ngawih, to sing. See Kawih. Ngawin, to marry. To carry spears in procession. See Kawin. Neawujuk, to coax, to flatter, to chouse, Ngawuruk, to instruct, to teach in any department of knowledge, as well regarding religion, as any other matter. Ngayar, said of a sound which is heard at a great distance. Ngayuh, to use Jampé or incantations to obtain other people's luck. The expression and the incantation are often used as applied to growing crops of paddy, when a man uses incantations, so that the grain of a neighbour is mysteriously transferred to his own paddy. A very pretty little bit of hoeus-pocus. Ngébédah, to open new sawahs. To convert land into sawahs by bringing a stream of water upon it, and then laying out the terraces. Ngëbléh, giving up in dispair, giving up as abad job. Said of anything which has been attempted but dropped again unfinished. 308 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Ngëéblëék, accumulating in quantity. Heaped up against anything. Ngébréd, lively and active Ngébul, rising as smoke or dust, curling upwards. Nyilup stuntuh tlullui hastup na said of an old venerable man. ngytbul, blowing at the fire, the smoke immediately curled upwards. MNgèbul also means having great pretentions but ending in smoke or doing nothing. Making great fuss and preparations, but having no desirable result. Neéchéchés, small and bad; dwarf and puny. Ngëchërëk, said of light but constantly dripping rain. Ngëdéng, lying down reclining, reposing, lying at ease. Streched out on a sofa, bed or any other convenience. Negëgrit, to go out a shooting in a Pedaty or cart—especially done when in quest of deer, which will often stand gazing at a Pedaty and buffaloes coming among them, till the person in the cart can get a shot at them. Negéhkéh, a frequent and troublesome cough; to keep constantly coughing huskily. Ngëjat, to spring on one side, to jump aside, as a man or animal, to get out of the way, or from fear. Ngëjébol, knocked up, broken down with fatigue. Kuda na ngëjtbol, the horse is knock- ed up. Ngékehëlékan, to fall down drop by drop, as water or other liquids. Neékés, to gather up fruit which has fallen from the tree, especially coffee under the bushes. The idea is taken from the jungle squirrel Kékés, which feeds upon fruits. Neëlak, to keep singing without intermission; to be continually singing. To yelp. When this word is used, it indicates somewhat of displeasure towards the person singing, as if we did not admire his singing but were bored by it. Salak, Marsden Page 158 to bark, to yelp, has no doubt the same origin. Budak téa ngëlak bai saptuptuting, the young man did nothing but yelp the whole night through. Ngëlar, to go abroad and show yourself, as a great man or a Sovereign. Ngëlëguk, to take a draught of any liquid. To drink in gulps. Ngëlëkëém, to lay hold of, to put your hands upon. Ngélékéték, to tiekle, to have the sensation of being tickled. Ngëlëwong, said of a hole which gapes down into the earth. To yawn as a chasm, Liang ngèlèwong bai ka handap, a hole which yawns downwards. Negëlik, is in a smaller degree what ngèluk is in a larger one. Churuk ngëluk chinggùr ngëlik, the forefinger doubled up, and the little finger twirled upwards—an expression applied to the bending of the points of the fingers towards the palm of the hand. Or perhaps ngèluk is said of something which is stout and strong, whereas ngëlik applied to something small or weak. Ngëlis, to put on the headhandkerchief neatly, by arranging the borders elegantly and smoothly, as young men do when they wish to make themselves agreeable to thetr chiefs or sweethearts. AND ENGLISH. 509 Ngëluk, bending or curving, especially downwards. Zunduh bat ngëluk, he was fast a- sleep with his head hanging downwards. See ngëlik, above. Ngémblëng, said of water which rises to a level even surface behind a dam, without current or fall. Ngénechëréng, the sound or jingle of money. Plultui ngénchtréng bai, he immediate- ly rattled out the money. ndong, to visit, to go to a neighbours house. éngé, a dwarf palm wild in forest, Pinanga costata. It resembles the Bingbing. ngkui, to walk in succession; to follow one by one, as natives do. Os Ee gkulan, to overlook, to overhang; to have in ones power. t De éng, in a straight direction. In an uninterrupted straight line. va O9 03 Oa ga da Ec Ec n ak, to flap or clap the wings, as a cock does when he crows, Pp ’ Ï Pp oo EC pëér, to shake, to quiver, to be agitated. réb, to take shelter, to go to shade. ërëbët, constant dripping of rain. Mujan sa pêupluting ngértbët bai, the rain has kept DC aas A ga 03 ge dripping all night long. ërës, feeling hurt in spirit, troubles in mind. Vexed, distressed, afflicted. ZA ga ge ërës, having sand or anything gritty on it; said of clothes or a mat which have sand or dust on them. Neërëwidil, projecting, sticking out in rough unworkmanlike way. Said of split bam- bu work, or any work made of sticks or other light materials which project, and have a jagged rough edge. (See Ngarawidil). Naeésér, to shift gently, to move by degrees; to shove along. Neëuhngëuh, soft, easily cut. Ngéumbing, to creep along under anything which overhangs and by which we hold, Lb as along the side of a roof, by holding on to, or hanging from the rafters. Figura- tively—to put oneself under the protection of another person in authority. Neëunah, comfortable, pleasing to the sensations, delightful, easy. Pleasant tasted. Nyu- nah chiehing di lumbur éta, it is delightful residing in that village. Bwah étato nglu- nah, that fruit is not pleasant to eat. Pagawtan ugtunah, easy work. Ngöurad, to drag water with a large net in order to catch fish. Neéwé, mulierem subire. Ngëwék-ngiwëk, whining, erying effeminately. Neéwél, to lay hold of. To lay hands or paws on. Noëwëlëd, to plough sawahs for the second time—the first time ploughing being called q: Ngawalajar. Neibing, to dance to Ronggéngs or publie dancing girls. To make postures in accom- paniment with Ronggéngs. Ngichap, to wink with the eye, to make signs to any one by winking. Neichilik, to walk away without diverging to the right or left. Ngiehilik bai twrut ga- 910 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE lan gidé, and straightways he followed the main road. Ngigël, to strut and show oneself with pride. To make postures as in native dancing. To fling the arms about and turn a pirouette. The strutting of a peacock. Ngiji, to become one, from the word Sit, one. This word is applied to the constant rain which falls during the northwest monsoon, when it keeps dripping day and night. DMusin ngiji, the rainy season, from December to March. Ngiklak, cut and hanging open like a wound. A piece of flesh hanging down from the result of a wound from some cutting instrument. Ngilës, to slip out of the way, to disappear, to sneak away. Ulak sok bluki ngilts, d'ont be always trying to sneak off. Ngili, to hide oneself, to skulk, to be concealed, Ka mana ngilì na, where has he hid himself. Ngilu, to follow, to go after. See lu. Negimpi, to dream. Ngingonan, to feed a man. to supply with provisions; to provide with food and the re- quisites for daily life including Së&urtuh and its accompaniments, Neinjëum, to borrow. (Cf. Mal. Pinjam). Ngirik, to rub paddy grains from the straw by trampling on it with the feet, for the purpose of planting in the humahs. Ngirim, a modification of Kyrim to send—to entrust to the care of another person, to entrust, to recommend to another’s care. To send; sent. Neiring’ih, laugbing and at the same time showing the teeth. Grinning. Pakarang na ngiringih bai di tanëuh, his weapon laid grinning (out of the sheath) on the ground. Ngisër, to move, to cause to change place. MNgisér! move up, shove up. Neiwat, to run away with a woman. To elope. Ngiwi, mulierem subire. The same as Ngéwé. Ngochor, to run as water, to flow, Chai ugochor ka susukan, the water runs into the canal. See Bochor. Ngoda, useless, of no use; labour in vain. Uninhabited- said of a tract of country without inhabitants. Ngohkoh, a frequent and troublesome cough; constantly coughing aloud. In a larger degree what ngéhkéh is in a smaller one. Negojai, to swim, to float in water, Ngoko, the rough or vulgar dialect of the Javanese language, as contradistinguished from the Krama or refined. The Ngoko is used by a man of higher rank towards an inferior, who must use the Krama or refined language in return. Ngokoh, to have plenty without trouble, particularly in eating; to glut yourself. Ngolétrak, to become exposed, uncovered by water; said of the bed of a river or its stones so exposed, when the water is dammed off into a canal. Ngolong, to make love, as the young native men do to their sweethearts, by going to AND ENGLISH. 311 their houses, generally at night. Probably derived from Kolong, the space under a native house where they may conveniently secrete themselves and hold conversation with the young maid occupying a snug corner in her father’s house. Negombongan, to take fish in an enclosure built up in the water with wicker work and stones. A man perched in a tree above, holds a string whereby he can raise a bit of netting across the hole by which the fish have entered, when they can be secured. Ngomong, to talk over, to converse, to hold conversation. Ngompos, to put unripe plantains, wrapped up in leaves, into a hole in the earth, where it is dry, as under a house, in order toripen them quickly. Plantains buried also in bran in the same way soon ripen. Ngongkong, to put out work to be done by others. Neopépang, throwing the arms about as in oratory; to gesticulate, Flinging the arms about when hard at work. Sometimes heard as Nyopépaug. Neopi, to drink coftee, to take coffee- from kopi, coftee. Ngora, young, juvenile. Fresh, weak in substance; diluted. Negorakëén, to begin again, to renew; to dilute; to render weak by mixture. Ngorok, to snore from the bottom of the throat, especially when the throat is encum- bered with phlegm. Ngoroyo, said of a person who unasked comes and joins at a meal; intruding yourself at meal- times. Ngosér, to move one's place while sitting or crouched on the ground, as natives do. To wriggle along. Ngowod, to eat ravenously. To do anything with eagerness and energy. Ngoyos, to weed a sawah. To pull out the weeds in a sawah. To clean a sawah by pulling out the weeds, and scratching the mud between the young growing paddy, with the fingers. Ngubék-ub&k, to trample about, to wander backwards and forwards on the same place; to tread down anything, as paddy or grass by so wandering about. Ngudupruk, falling or tripping against. Tripped up by stumbling against. Ngukui, to scoop out, to scratch out a hole in the ground, as many wild animals do. To burrow. Neukupan, to prepare scented ointments or essences by a process of distillation. Ngukut, to bring up an orphan. To bring up another person's child. Ngulah, to wallow, as buffaloes, in a muddy hole. Nguliwa, warped, as a beam or plank. Nguluwung, deep as the bed of a river. Said of a ravine which has cut deep into the surface of the land. Ngumbara, to remove to another part of the country; to roam. See Umbara. Ngumun, to pay respect to; to hold in awe, to venerate. Ngunduh, to gather the fruit from a tree, by taking off the whole erop. Daik ngunduh 12, A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE jambu, T am going to gather in all the fruit from the Jambu tree. Ngunglon, to do as a Bwng'lon or Chameleon. To deceive by changing appearance. To trim conduct according to circumstances. Ngunjung, to pay a visit; to make a visit of ceremony. Ngunjungan, to make obeisance to a great man, by creeping towards his feet and touching them with the folded hands, as natives do towards their chiefs. Ngupat, to speak bad of people behind their backs; to scandalize. To defame. Neurus and ngurusan, to have care of, To look after. To put in order. To arrange. Negusur, to bribe, to give a douceur. Ngutil, to pluck fruit which first comes ripe. The first of a crop of fruit. Nguyang, to go in search of food among the neighbours, especially in the season of scar- city, by carrying some trifles, as fruit, firewood or the like, to exchange for paddy or rice. This nguyang system is also half begging. Neuyung, ill and weakly; labouring under protracted sickness; lingering with any disease, neither dying outright nor getting better. Ni, an epithet for a native woman already of some age, and may somewhat correspond with our Mrs., madam; it is the short for Nyat whichsee. Ni mandor, the wife of the mandor, or Mrs. Mandor. The term is notso respectful as when spoken more at length and pronounced clearly Mya. Nigang, said of a woman's head which has been nicely dressed, well combed and stuck full of flowers or other ornaments. Ni-is, to cool oneself. To sit in acool place. (From Ti-is, Bal. Zs, cold). Nikah, arabie, nuptials, the rites or ceremonies of marriage. Glus nikah, they have gone through the marriage ceremony (before the priest). ( ze Nikáh,congressus venereus ; matrimonium). Nikës, to snap, to break short. To break the stem of a tender plant so that it hangs towards the ground without being actually separated. Nil, the river Nile. The Sunda people hear of the Nile and Altsir or Eeypt and Grand Cairo, from the pilgrims to Mecca. Nila, the Indigo dye, the prepared Indigo dye. The plant is called Zarum. Mila, C. 330, the colours blue, black and green. Nil&m, name of a white coloured fish in stagnant waters. Rohita Hasseltii. Nilém, Talinga. The Sapphire stone. (Nila, Skr. Sapplúre). Nimbal, to present itself, to come forward, May often be translated by—and then. Lamun kabintran nimbal ka nu hadé, if it so happens that a good one presents itself. Nimbal dèni to pluptul mtun datk &urtun di gawe, and then he did not say that he wished to stop from working. Ninchak, to tread upon, to set foot on. Ulah ninchak ka dinyo, do not tread upon that spot. Ninchak ka uw goreng, coming amongst what is bad. (Mal. Zuchak 1d). AND ENGLISH. oo Nindak, to set out on a journey, to start. Tachan daik mindak, he has not yet started. (Tindak, Jav. Kr. hinggil: to go; to set out on a journey, to start). Nindih, to lie upon, to be superincumbent. Paré anyar nindih kaparé kolot, the new paddy lies upon the old paddy. See Tindih and Pindihhèén. (Mal. za; tindih, to lay upon each other, to press upon a thing. Jav. nan: tindih, to be superior. Cf. tindis, Mal., Batav., the same as tindih). Ning, a constructive and possessive particle used in the formation of sentences; it has of- ten the power of- of, with, for, by. It is the same as 1g, and king, and after a consonant at the end of the preceding word becomes ing which see. Madé ning jélèma, by the goodness of man. Sa rata ning tantuh, off even with the ground. Ava zing goréng, It has a bad appearance. (Compare also ring, Kawi, Jav., of same meaning). Ninggal, deceased, dead; a respectful expression. (Zinggal, Méninggal, Mal. Jav. Bal. idem). Ninggang, to come in contact with, to attain to. To fall to each man's share. Char na mohal ninggang ka sampalan éta, the water will not flow out upon that plain. Padat: na di bawa lumpat kalando, ninggang ka kayu, the cart being run away with down hill, came in contact with a tree. MNinggang di dalam sa orang sa téngah rupiya, every man had got to pay half a rupee; or, what fell to each man’s share, was half a rupee. Ninggur, to beot and tep round the fruit stem of a kawung palm in order to prepare it __for yielding toddy. Ning’o, to know, a careless and indifferent manner of expressing yourself. To ningo, do’nt know. NingRat, of the world or country. A term frequently occurring in the names of Javanese princes and nobles. Nini, grandmother; a term of respect for any old woman. ESE Nene’, Mal., grandfa- ther; nen®k parampuwan, grandmother. Mini, Jav., an old woman; grandmother. At Bali also title of female deities. Reduplication of Ni, which see.) Nipah, name of a palm tree growing in swampy places, generally near the sea shore. Nipa fruticans, the leaves of which are used much for ataps or thatch. (Mal. «ís , Nipah). Nira, you, thou; a term of disparagement. (Standsto vra in Kawi as ning to ing; stra, Kawi, is the unconnected pronoun, ira, and aira connected with the preceding noun). Nirajim, Ar. punishment; see Rajim and Zrajim, of which Nirajim appears to be some corruption. (e=, ‚ rajama, lapidibus obruit et occidit; ei) ‚ rajtm, lapidibus obrutus, Pd Satanas). Nisab, Ar. sufficiently large or plentiful to pay Jëkat or the priest's dues. (oplei nicû- Dd bon, radix, principium; property, from which a tribute is to be paid.) Nista, a word used to denote sufficient warning, in following form of words. Mista, 40 314 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE maja, utama, the natives having the idea that three warnings ought to be given before punishment is due, and the three warnings are denominated as above. Nishta, Cl. 333 end, conclusion, completion, as if at the first warning punishment was due, but out of consideration or compassion of great men, warning was still given. See maja and wtama. (Nishta, Sct. means the lowest degree, maja, Sct. madhya, the middle one, utama, Sct. uitama, the highest degree. These words are at Bali applied to the casts, a Sudra being nishta, a Waicya madhya, the Kshattriye uttama, the Brah- man at last ning uttama, higher than the highest. Fr.). Nitah, to order, to give command, Nita% ngala cha, order to fetch water. (Mal. ttah, id.) Nitih, to mount, to get upon, as a horse, carriage, or any conveyance. Said only of men of high rank. (Balin, idem. From Sct. nf to lead, n%?, leading). Nitir, to strike the village drum in a peculiar way so as to sound an alarm when some accident has taken place. To sound an alarm. (Jav. titir, to strike the rice-blocks, as a signal.) Nitis, to boil sugar, to evaporate the water till the sugar forms; to granulate. (Jav. titis, to drop, to fall in drops.) Niyat, Ar. intention, design, purpose, premeditation, vow. Zo niyat, I have no in- tention. MNiyat ka Batawi, 1 purpose going to Batavia. (Ar. is niyyat, intentio, animi propositum). k Niyata, ascertained, certain, evident, true, Miyata, C. 8325, ascertained, certain, true, fixed, appointed. (Sct. Miyata, checked, restrained. But Malay eol, nyáta, evident, clear , visible; Sct. snydta.) Een Niyëun, to do, to make, to construct. Miyëun mah, to construct a house. MNiyèun kuéh, to make a cake, or any pastry. Niyèun pigatiëun, to make difficulties, to cause trouble. Niyëung, to see, to behold; Zo ziyëung, Leannot see, Sia niytung manuk éta, do you see that bird? Nobos, slipped through, forced a way through, broken through. Bëdul nobos pagër humah, the pig has forced away through the fence of the humah. Modos pagèr also means in general by way of simile — exceeding what you ought to do,— going beyond your authority, — presuming where you have no right. (Batav. Mal. Moblos and Lolos.) Nod, the feel of a weight in the hand when wishing to ascertain an idea of such weight, Nod na lain dlw, its weicht felt otherwise. No-él, to touch anything slightly; to poke at with the end of the finger, or a bit of stick or the like. Noh, Ar. the Patriarch Noah. Nok, name for a child. An affectionate term for an infant. (Nok applied to female chil- dren, tong to male ones, but only by the next relations. Fr.) „Nona, Portuguese, a miss, a young lady, an unmarried young woman either European AND ENGLISH. 915 or Chinese. Nora lëutik, the small miss. Nona gêus gldé, the young lady is grown up. Nona, as buah nona, annona reticulata, name of a fruit, called in vulgar English „a bullock’s heart” Anoza, C. 82, the custard apple, — which in Java is called the Siri kaya, and is the annona squamosa, so that the name on Java of Mona has been wrongly applied, and both have very likely been introduced from India. Nonggar, said of a tree of which the roots grow along the surface of the ground ; evident, not concealed. MNonggar téuyn kalakhuan sia, your conduct is too evident — it is too clearly seen what you are about. Nonggéng, cowering down, squatting down“with the back curved; squatting down with the back turned towards any one; sometimes a mark of respect to a great man implying that the party is not worthy to even look upon him. (Jav. Bat. Jungking, Jèingking, Menjinking idem. But not with respect to a high person). Nonggérak, exposed to view, not covered up. Patent. Nonggong, with the back set against anything. MNouggong ka na kayu eta, with your back to that tree, See Tonggong. Nongkob, to cover in the ridges of a roof, with thatch &c. Nonjol, to be startled, to make a bolt, as a horse or other animal; to start from its place, as a beam of wood or bar of iron in any structure. Nonton, to go and see, especially to see a sight. To see a festival going on, Rong- gengs dancing or the like. (Batav. idem. According to Crawfurd Jav.) Nontot, to stick out, to project, to extend beyond. (Batav. idem.) No-on g, to peep, to look at slyly. To look at but avoid being seen. Noron, without intermission, constantly, Sawah eta noron ba onggël tahun di sambut ke kula, that sawah I make every year without intermission. Notog, struck with the end of any thing, as a bit of wood. Pushed endways on. Impinged. No yod, without intermission, unceasingly. Nu, who, which, that which. Jélëma nw jangkung, aman who is tall, Zangkal nu luhur, a tree which is high. N ua, the same as Nuba, vide vace. Nuar, to dye thread. Sambara nuar , dying ingredients, especially when preparing to dye read with changkudu. Nuaran, to eut down trees, to fell trees, see Tuar. Nuba, to take fish by stupifying them with the juice of the root of a plantcalled Tuba, which see. Nubruk, to throw oneself upon amany ilan in order to catch it; to makea rush at and snatch. To seize unawares. Nuhun, submissive, grateful; a very lowly and humble term of admittance or acknow- ledgment, made by an inferior toa superior. To entreat, to beg. Kula nuhun dahar, I entreat something to eat, (Jav. Suhun or Suwun—Nuwun). 916 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Ad S 7 d Nujum, Ar. neeromancy , astrology. (emi, plur. p= stars ; e= is also ortus stellae, and conspicuitas). Numbuk, to butt with the head, to thump, to beat hard. (Mal, Axes, tumbuk, id. Jav. twmbuk, to beat against a thing, to run against it; to concur, said of two facts occu- ring at the same time. Fr.) Numpang, to be accommodated (as with a passage ina vessel, with lodging on a journey or with the transport of goods.) To go along with, or under the protection of some one else. (Malay, Batav. idem. Also to be lodged in anothers house.) Nun, yes, a very respectful expression of assent. It may be a contraction of nukhun, which see, or of nuna, C. 838, certainly, truly, veritably , indubitably. Kula zun, I with respect; your humble servant; Kula nun inggih, 1 with respect say yes. (Nuna in Clough is Sct. n@nam; the corruption of the word on Java not being likely, I de- rive nun from nuhun, having also the same meaning. Fr.) Nunchëb, said of any thing, as a stake of wood, which is stuck fast and upright in any substance, as in water, or in mud. Fallen headformost. Kayu gödé nunchéb di rancha, a large piece of wood stuck fast in a swamp. Also said of anything falling direct down upon the ground ; Ragrag nunchéb ka tantuh , he fell headforemost on the ground. (Batav. nanch?b, which is not found in the Malay and Javan. dictionaries.) Nundutan, being sleepy, inclined to go to sleep. Dozing, half asleep; napping. Nunggak, to stick up or out like the stump of a tree. To remain over. To be in surplus. (Zunggak, Jav. Bat. the stem or stump of a tree below the branches). Nunggal, alone, separate, distinct, independent. (Zunggal, Jav. Mal. idem.) Nungsgul, left like the stumpofa tree, from which the shade of the branches has been ruthlessly removed. See Zunggul. Desolate and alone, destitute. Nunggul-pinang, left like the stump of the pinang tree. Said of a person who has no relations left, an entire orphaf. Nungguluk, showing in a large mass; looming large in the distance. Nungtëk, perpendicular , bolt upright. Nunia, Mrs, a title given to European and Chinese married women. (Bat. ; pronounced nyo-nyas of Portuguese origin.) Nunjang, course, direction, current,said of waters or rivers — flow towards. Chai kabéh nunjang ngulon , all the rivers flow towards the west. Chai eta ka mana nunjang na, whither does that river flow. (Jav. Zo run against any thing.) Nunjukul, high and round, bluff- as ground elevated and round at the top. Nurgaha, prosperity, affuence. (Sct. Anugraha, commonly corrupted to nugraha, fa- vour, furthering; in the Archipel it means commonly favour of the deity, whereof pro- sperity is the result. Fr.) Nurjaya, name of a hill on Jasinga Estate, which forms one of the boundary marks with Bantam, called Gunung Nurjaya. Mr. FrIRDERICH thinks the word is derived from Nri-jaya, which being a sound difficult for Polynesians to pronounce, they have AND ENGLISH. 570 transformed it into Nurjaya. Nriis the most simple form of Nara, man, in Sanscrit, as there is Nripati for Narapati, lord of men. Narapati, Clough 311, from Nara, a man, and Pati, a lord, a king, a sovereign. Nra, Clough 344, a man, individually or collectively, mankind. Narapati, Clough 344, one of the names of Kuvera, the Indian god of riches; a king, a sovereign. On the Gunung Nurjaya exists, cut upon a rock in situ, the mark of a man’s foot, which may perhaps help to show that the Nur applies to Nara, a man. MNurjaya will then mean „the triumphant man.” (This might be also a sign of Buddhism formerly prevailing. Fr.) Nusa, an island. This appellation is given to many small islands throughout the Eastern Archipelago and may probably be of Sanscrit origin, as it is similar to the Greek Nesos, an island. The word rarely occurs in the Sunda, but is still heard in old accounts of the first arrival of Europeans, who are said to have come to Nusa Kalapa, or the islands at the mouth of the Tangerang River, or the Chisidani. See Sunda Kalapa, also Kambangan for Nusakambangan. Nusa Antara, the ancient name of the island of Madura, See Raffles vol. 2. page 92. Antara, C. 33, within, between, amongst, also without, outside — and may have been called so from either dividing the Java sea, at the east end of Java, or from lying outside of the main land of Java. Antaraya, C. 83, an obstacle, an impediment, An- taripa, C. 83, an island. Nutu, to beat or pound out rice from the straw in the village rice blocks. Nuturkën, to follow, to track, to chase. N u wa, see Nua. N ya, yes, indeed, verily, it is true. Is it true? Mya tah sia maling kotok? Is it true you stole the fowls? MNya bat glus undur, indeed he has gone away. N ya-ah feeling affection for, having compassion for. Regret to make use of —or destroy. Compunction. Budak sok nya—ah ka indung na, a child has affection for its mother. Nya-ah amat ka nu di gêhugan, to feel great compassion for those who are flogved. Naun, to nya-ah ka banda batur, what have no regret, (or compunction) in des- troying another, man’s property. Zo nja-ah ka kuda, he has no compassion for his horse. Nyabrang, to goacross a river or any piece of water. Hayang nyabrang, 1 want to go across the river. Nyabrang lautan, to cross the seas. N yabur, to splash or swim in water. Nyachag, to chop or cut up, to hack, to cut with a weapon. Nyachas, clear, defined, distinctly related, intelligible. Jéltma éta nyachas amat, that man tells an intelligible story. Nyadap, to tap palm trees, especially the kawung palm in order to extract the toddy, and from it to boil down the sugar; to make jagory sugar from palm wine. Nyadak, It can't be true! you joke! impossible! vou d'ont say so! to talk at random; to talk vauntingly. ol8 A DICTIONARY SUNDAN ESE Nyah-nyah-nyo h-nyoh, pouting the mouth out like a monkey. Nyaho, to know. To nyaho, 1 do not know. Saha nu nyaho, who knows. Nyaho bai ari daik ptuptuli, he knows well enough if he will tell. Mya, C. 215 wisdom, knowledge. (Nyain Cloughis from Sct. jnyd, to know, whichis knownin Kawi. Fr.) Nyai, an epithet for a married native woman corresponding with our Mrs. Nyaï Dèémang, the Demang's wife, Mrs. Demang. This designation of Nyaï is always given to native (Javanese not Chinese) women who cohabit with Europeans. A mistress. Nyai Stomi, one of the Pusaka or heirloomguns of Java, still preserved in a Paséban on the alun-alun of the Kraton of Solo, and honoured with much respect. Stom is probably Sthama, C. 775, strength, power, become Sthami, or feminine, to corres- pond with Nyai, mistress. Sthami is made Sthomi according to the peculiarity of the Javanese language which changes the a into o. Nyat Sthomi, is thus the „ powerful mistress.” The other two heirloomguns of Java were Si amuk and Guxtur gèmi, be- longing to Cheribon and Bantam, but whether they still exist, enquiry has failed to show. (Stomi seems to be no native or Hindu word.) Nyaiër, to take fish with a basket; especially when the rivers are flooded, when the fish can be caught in a basket by dipping it in turbid spots near the edge, where the current is slack. This is much done by women. Nyaiër, a shrill, loud voice or sound heard at a distance. Said of the neighing of a horse. N yalahan, mistaken, something done by mistake or error. Derived from salah, wrong. N yalédat, sloped off. Cut slopingly. To fall or slip down an inclined plain. N yaliksik, to scratch oneself among the hair for lice; to scratch the head for what- ever of filth may be found there. This is done by oneself; when done by another it is - di saliksikan. Nyaliktik, to seek, to peep or look after. Nyalindung, to conceal, to hide oneself, Zina. C, 608, hidden, concealed. Nyalindung di pipir mah, to conceal oneself at the side of the house. Nyalindung di jëro rwjuk, hidden among the bushes. (Lina in Sct. hasa very different meaning, from that given by Cl, and lindung can not be derived from (na. But we have lindung, shelter, shade, hiding-place; Mal. Batav. Fr.) Nyalisib, to hit on the edge and glance off; to graze. Pélor na nyalisib ka na kayu, the ball hit and glanced of the tree. Nyambut, to takein hand. To perform any work. Myambut sawah, to work a sawah. Nyambut pagawéan myusuk , to take in hand the work of canal cutting. (Jav. idem). Nyampak, to meet, to encounter, to find on arriving. Nyampak di lëuwlung, to meet in the forest. Kula datang gëus to nyampakan, when I came I saw or found no- thing of it. Nyampal, to graze as cattle. To crop grass as a ruminant animal. Nyampal Badak, literally the rhinoceros grazing — the evening star. AND ENGLISH. 919 Nyamplung, name of atree which gives a ropy clammy sap or gum, and has a white flower. Calophyllum inophyllum of the family of Guttiferae. Gives also an oil. Nyamur, to become invisible, to disappear, to vanish. (Jav. Samur, Nyamur, to take a disguise, for the purpose of being not known.) N yana, knowledge, perception, feeling or idea. This word does not perhaps occur alone, but is used in Zo nyana, [ should not have thought it, I should not have had an idea of it. In Malay they say Tra’ nyana, with the same meaning. See Panyana. Nyana, C. 215, wisdom, understanding, intelligence, knowledge, religious knowledge, such as is acquired by the reading and study of the sacred books. It resembles the Grot, know thou, of the Greek, and is not far from the English know. (Sct. Jnyána, knowledge; from jnyd, to know, which is really the same root as gro in gi-gno-sco in Greek, gro in co-gno-sco, a-gno-sco etc. and krzow in English. Fr.) Nyandêër, to spring at and bite as a snake does. (At Batavia said of a growling dog, wanting to bite). Nyanding, reclining against, in close contact with. Kapanggih Cuktur nyanding ka tanglal kalapa, IT met him whilst reclining against a cocoa nut tree. Myanding ùmah, it is close to the house (even without actually touching it). See Fanding. (Jav. Bat. man sanding, next to, to the side of). Nyandung, to marry a second wife whilst still married to a first one. To take a second wife. Nyang’'ërok, unable to go further, shoved hard up, as a boat against the shore or the like. Nyanggatul, confused or foiled in speech or argument. Not able to proceed with the thread of a story. Nyanggigirkëén, to set on its edge. (Jav. gögör or gigir, edge, side.) Nyang’krok, something wanting, some deficiency , which is not properly accounted for. A debt which is not all properly cleared off; unsettled, Caught, entangled. Owok nu purah njang’krok sakali, there was none which remained unpaid or unsettled. Nyangsang, caught, stuck fast, detained, got entangled. Duit éta owoh nu purah nyangsang aytunah, none of the money is now detained. Kayw dt palidkën di chaï, nyangsang di bojong, the wood which was floated down the river, has stuck fast on a small island. Nyangsaya, sloping, with a gentle slope or inclination. Nyantok, to bite as a snake or fish. To snap at as either a snake or fish does. Nyarahkën, to surrender, to deliver up. Nyarahktn manéh, to surrender himself, Nyarandé, leaning back, reclining. Nyarandé di tihang úmah, he was reclining (or leaning back) against a pillar of the house. Nyarang, to implore or pray to God for a change in the weather, either for rain or dryness, when the reverse is prevailing to the prejudice of cultivation. Nyari, to have a remainder, to remain over, a remnant, Zo nyari, there was nothing left. 920 A DICTKLONARY SUNDANESE N yaring, awake, not asleep; with the eyes open. On the watch. N yaru, disguised, clothed otherwise than usual in order not to be recognized. Nyata or niyata, manifest, clear, evident, conspicuous. Nyata, C. 215, known, appre- hended , understood. (Sct. jnyáta, known. See nyana). Nyatu, to eat. To eat into or wear away. Nyatu kejo, to eat boiled rice. Nyatu gula titipan, to eat sugar which has been entrusted to one’s care; to break one’s engagements ; to violate trust reposed in one. To violate a woman who has been entrusted to our care. Huntu panggilingan nyatuan, the teeth of the mill are wearing away. (Ehe vulgar word for to eat.) N yawa, life, soul, the breath of life. This word occurs in Jampés, and is most probably the same as Nya, C. 215, with the constructive wa added to it; wisdom , knowledge ; one ofthe appellations of Buddha. Séngyang wisésa huriping nyawa, Sengyang wisésa the cherisher of wisdom, or the one who causes the soul to live. (Wa is no con- structive particle, but belongs to the root, which there seems to be little doubt to be Sct. jiwa, life. From jnydna, jnyâta, corrupted we saw uyana and xyûta; somewhat similarly, but not quite analogous, „yawa might be from jiwa. Compare nyála, Mal. to jwála, Sct. flame. Fr.) N yawah, to work a sawah; to plant rice on irrigated land. N yëbit, to encroach upon the property or territory of another; to go beyond our own proper limits. To appropriate slyly what does not rightly belong to us. N yéyag, to snap as a dog. (Bat. idem.) Nyëk&l, to hold, to have charge of. See Chèhél. Nyéla-bumi, a direction differing from the cardinal points. Not pointing due East, West, North or South, but to some intermediate direction, as S. W.‚N.E. &c. mah na niyéla-bumi, his house is not in a cardinal direction, — which is thought improper and unlucky. The ridge poles of all native houses are or ought to run East and West. (Cilád Sct, the timberof a door frame; a transverse beam, ora beam or stone placed across the top of a post or pillar. From gilá might come nyéla!2 Fr.) Nyélap, inserted, stuck in between something else. Lost by being mixed with other matters. Nyëléké, to shove oneself into some opening where the body can hardly pass. To creep or crawl into a small opening. Nyélësëp, to creep quietly and slyly into any place. To introduce oneself slyly. Nyémbah, to go down upon the knees, to salute a superior; to cower down and salute. To make obeisance. (Jav. Mal. s’mbah, idem. S&mbah hyang, to adore the deity. A faultive reading or pronouncingis sumbah, the same « is improperly found in the name of the island Sumbawa, in Dutcheven written Soembawa, whichis Sëmbawa from Sct. Sambhawa, origin; the a is shortened to é by the influence of the nasal sound, and by the accent being on the following syllalbe. Fr.) Nyëmpit, to embezzle; to steal what is entrusted to one. AND ENGLISH. 321 Nyénang, sharp sighted; having a quick clear eye. Nyéot, rapid in stream; said of water which runs freely down a slokan; said of water running down an inclined plain. Nyépak, to kick as a horse, to strike out with the leg. N yëpét, always having an arm or weapon about the person. Kris njëpét bar tilok ka- tinggalan, his kris is always stuck about him, he never leaves it behind. (Jav. Jjapit, Nyapit. Batav. Nyèpit, to comprime, to stick fast to). Nyërat, scribbling. Nyèrat bai tulis surat, scribbling , he wrote a letter. (Jav. sörrat, to write). Nyéré, the mid rib of a cocoa nutleaf. The mid-rib on each side of which the leaflets of a palm frond grow. When the leafy part is stripped off, these ribs are tied together , and they then make very good brooms and are called sapu nyéré, nyéré brushes, and are in use in every house. Nyéré, a count kept of cotton thread in weaving. Five threads tied together. N yëéré, scattered about, loose. Superfluous. Not being made use of. Owok bakakas nyéré di dinyo, are there no spare tools there; or —are there no tools there which are not being used. Nyëréké, to tiller out as corn, or other plants which grow from a bunch root, as Séréh. To set out side shoots from the roots as paddy. See Nyorché. Nyërélék, to trickle as water; in a small stream, Nyërëp, to sink into the ground, as water running over gravelly or sandy soil; to be absorbed ; to disappear mysteriously, to be kept profoundly secret. Chai nd to ngochor ka hilir nyèrép bai, the water does not flow down along its course, but sinks into the ground. Kèbo blwnang maling di bawa ka Meester nyèrëtp bai, when stolen buffa- loes are taken to Meester Cornelis (near Batavia) they disappear mysteriously (as if they sank into the ground). (Cf, Jav. Surup, Strap, to get into, to go under). Nyërét, to smoke opium. Nyëri, in pain, painful, sore, aching, illof. Myëri bBluttung, stomach ache; Nyèri hulu, head ache. Di gëbugan nyètri naktr, when thrashed he was very sore, or felt much pain. N yésang, enraged, in a passion, furious, Said also when straining every effort to do something. N yësëp, to smoke — said of the act of a great man. (C£f Astup, Mal. asp, smoke). Nyété, to copulate. Nyèuksèëukan, to jeer at, to ridicule. To say something by which another person is made vexed, but not with ourselves who speak. To irritate, to cause inward. vexation. Nyeungëut, to put fire to, to set alight. Nytungtut bëdil, to fire a gun. Nyéëupah, to partake of a chew of sëurëuh; to chew sëuréuh, to chew betle. Nyëurëud, to sting as a wasp. Nyéwot, in a passion, furious, in a violent anger. 522 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Nyiar, to seek, to look for, to go in quest of. Nyiëup, to blow, as nyitup stuntuh, to blow a fire — means to light it. (Mal. Trup). Nyihanëut, literally —to take warm water, means — to drink tea, or warm water with a decoction of any leaves. Nyilunglum, to sit on eggs, as a bird or a hen; to incubate. Nyimpang, to step aside. To go off the main road by aside one. To deviate, to diverge from any route. To diverge from any line, as a tool which euts or slips from the right course. Nyingkab, blown up or over; shoved on one side, Hatëup na nyingkab ku angin, the ataps were blown up by the wind, Nyingkir, to move out of the way. Step aside. Kudu nyingkir, you must move out of the way. Myingkir saktudang , move away for a while. Nyinyu, to mix anything in water, as salt, bran or the like. To commingle. Nyiram, to have a longing desire for anything, especially as of pregnant women for acids; to conceive, to become pregnant. (Another word is Ngidam, Batav. mengidam). Nyirandé, to lean back against anything. To recline. Nyirik, to tread out with the foot. To tread out paddy from the straw for seed, the grains still retaining the shell, Nyiru, the flat open basket implement on which the rice is thrown about and shook up to clean it of chaff and dust, after pounding. Nyiruan, a variety of bee, which makes its nest and has its honey and young in the hollows of old trees, or in the clefts of roeks. Called about Batavia Tawon. Nyisang, to use water to clean yourself, after having obeyed a daily call of nature. Nyisig, to chew tobacco along with séuréuh. Nyisil, to eat grains of paddy, by biting off and spitting out the husk. To take stray f grains of paddy in the mouth and nip them between the teeth. To gnaw as a rat or mouse. Nyising, to ease yourself. To void excrement, Nyiyëuk, to ladle out. See Siyëuk, N yodai, inclined, sloping, set at an angle, Nyodor, projecting, sticking out. Nyodoran, to hand over. To give by handing, To present. Nyogléng-nyogléng, said of a weapon as akris or badi, which is worn in the belt , but only the very tip stuck into the belt, and the greater part or length of the weapon left jauntily dangling out in front, Nyokehokan, to bung up. To fasten or close an aperture, as of a bottle by putting in a cork or other similar matter. See Chochok. Nyokot, to take, taken. See Chokot. Nyomé,a joint of bambu, set in a stream of rapid water, into which small fish get drifted , and cannot again stem the current to get out, A RE Er AND ENGLISH. 928 Nyomplong, solitary, lonely. Left alone to oneself. Exposed on a hill without the shelter of any trees. Nyontrol, to fight at, to spring towards, to bustle up to. Zauk nyontrol ka sa- apan, the fish darts upon the sa-apan. Maung na nyontrol bai ti lluwburg , the tiger came flying out of the forest. Jél?ma za nyontrol bai ka mah, the men came bus- tling into the house. Nyopépang, finging the arms about when hard at work. See MNgopépang. Nyorang, to take place, to happen, to occur. Juchan nyorang ngala, it has not yet happened that L have taken any. lok nyorang miuli, it sometimes happens that 1 buy. Nyorang, to visit, to walk, to pass along. Zilok nyorang ka dinyo, Y never go to that place. See Sorang. Nyoréang, to cast a look at, to look towards, Unchal na nyoréang kadiyo, the deer is looking this way. Nyoréké, said of plants which spread and branch out immediately after leaving the ground. See Nytréké. Nyorén, to carry or wear a weapon. ANyorén kris, to wear a kris. Nyorén pèdany, to carry a sword. Nyorog, to join a festival without bringing a present. To go to a feast empty handed. Nyorompod, a tangled bushy path. Said of a way which is almost impassable for bushes and vegetation. Nyoroyo, said of a person who, though unasked, comes and joins at a meal. Nyoso, to clean rice by putting it again in the rice block and pounding off any rem- nant of husk and there fanning it clean, preparatory to cooking. N yosol; projecting, sticking out forwards. Forming a promontory. Nyowod, to eat greedily. To guzzle with impatience. To do any thing with eagerness and force. Nyukang, to cross over (a river or ravine) as along a bridge. See Chukang. Nya- brang chaî nyukang ka na chatang, to eross the river by walking along a log (which served for a chukang or bridge.) Nyukehëruk, to walk in the course of a river (not along the bank.) Nyukcheruk chai, to follow the course of a river by wading in the water. Nyukcheruk, is also said of a roof which has a good slope and from which the rain water runs rapidly away. Nyuku, to go on foot. See Suku. Nyumput, lying hid, to conceal oneself. Nyumput di na guha, he hid himself in a cave. Nyumplëng, solitary. Retired and apart from other people. Nyungkadang, bending in the middle, curved like a scimitar, bulging out round. Nyuprak, to eat with champing. To munch with alacrity. Nyurat and nyuratan, to write. Eùükèur nyurat, in the act of writing, Myuratan ha Bogor ngabéjakën, writing to Buitenzorg and giving notice, Nyuréng, gazing, staring, looking, earnestly. 324 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Nyurup, to set as the sun. Disappeared under water, under the ground &c. Mata pot glus nyurup, the sun has set. ‚Nw alws iyo bisa nyurup ka jéro bumi, impalpable beings can disappear into the ground. (Cf. Nyèrëp.) Nyuruwuk, to fall as water in a large body with a dull heavy sound, as is the case at some large waterfalls. Nyusuk, to cut a canal, to cut a trench in the earth. See Susukan, a water course, a canal. Nyusup, to creep into a hole or covered spot. To hide oneself; to stow oneself away. Nyusut, to wipe away any wet or moisture, as the sweat from the face or body. To rub the nose against another person's face, as the sexes in amourous dalliance. To track as a dog by rubbing its nose on the ground or grass. Nyu-uk, said of wood which is of coarse grain and will mot allow the plane to pass smoothly over it. Rising in roughness when planed, Stcking unintentionally into the surface, as a stick pushed along the ground, or a cutting instrument going too deep into wood. Oah, the wauwau monkey; Hylobates leuciscus. Of a large size, greyish colour and very shy. Found only among the mountains and in retired places. Called also Kwwëng. Oar, name of a vigourously growing succulent reed. Flagellaria Indica. Obah, and Obahkën, moved, changed in place; to alter; to change, to vary. Ulak di obakkèn, do not move it. Zamunobah sia twas, if you move, you will be done for. O bat, gunpowder. Obat bldil, gunpowder, sporting powder. Obat marytm, cannon pow- der. The word is Malay and also more usually means in Malay-medicine, drugs, which in Sunda are called Ubar. In Sunda, Obat is restricted to gunpowder. Obrog, a rude way of preparing tobacco leaves by the mountain Awmah makers, viz. by wrapping it up in some other leaves, and scorching it between two firy logs. The tobacco so prepared. O bos, a corruption of the Dutch word Officier, officer. A military officer. (Rather from Overste, lieutenant-kolonel, unduly applied). Oehon, a method of speaking, by which familiarity or affection is evinced. This is done by a slight modification of the word, as for tnchu, they say onchu; for mama, they say ama; for aprok, they say apok, and so forth, Odéng, a bee; the bee which makes the honeycomb hanging from trees in the forests. Sayang odeng, a bee's nest. Odoh, dirty, impure, nasty. Means the same also ina figurative sense unclean, defiled. O gah, to be unwilling, to have. an aversion. Ogah duyn kahujanan, 1 feel very unwmal- ling to be rained upon. Ogah bai ha jéltma éta, 1 have an aversion to that man. Ogé, also, although, notwithstanding, nevertheless. Kula ogé daik ltumpang, L also wish to go. Di béré ogé, mohal daik, although you gave it me, Í should mot be willing. Hadé ogé, it is nevertheless good. Ogél, another name for the bambu music called also Anghlung. Ogéël is used about Buitenzorg. 5 ee en = bas Waes A 3 Û 4 AND ENGLISH. 925 O goan, proud, vain, boasting. Ogong, a largish shell fish resembling the Zutut, found in the rivers of the South coast of Bantam. Ogong blurlum blungêut, Ogong with red face, is another variety. O hol, one of the numerous names for a wild pig. Ojoi,!feeling inclined for, disposed to grant or concede. Having an inward disposition towards. Ojol, to change, to give or take any one thing for another; to swap, to exchange. Ojol huda, to swap horses. Waxg perak di ojolkën, to exchange, or get change for, silver money. O kol, energetic, doing work by oneself. Persevering without assistance. Olah, to cook meat or vegetables — not rice. Olé-oléan,a child's trumpet made of paddy straw, something after the fashion of a clarionette, and blown by sticking one end intothe mouth. Called also Rmpét-Empétan. Oliah, Arabie, the most High; Saints. See dulia. Olok, using profusely, using without thrift or economy. Squandering away especially either money or household stuff. Said also of other matters. Olongan, to make love to — as chowéné éla di olongan kw aing, that young maid is cour- ted by me. See Mgolong. Omar, the second Caliph in Arabia — same as Umar, a common name for a native. CE) y, O mas, a small variety of rattan, of no particular use. Om bak, a wave, surf, surge, swell on water. Ombol, said of planting out paddy on sawahs, where the bin? is stuck in by handfulls at a time, and thus carelessly, whereas only four or six stumps ought to be put in at one place. O mé, to repair, to put in order, to take of; to interfere with, to molest. Utah di omé, d'ont molest it. Oméan, to repair, to put in order. Molesting. Zmah kudu di oméan, the house must be repaired. Oméan chukang, to repair a bridge. Omtanan tluyn, d'ont meddle with it, literally, meddling too much. Oméanëun, something which has to be repaired. Omong, to talk, to converse. Conversation. Omong kosong, empty talk, said of conver- sation which is only fishing for information; Gèdé omong, a great talker, a chatter box. (Jav. Batav. idem). Omongan, to talk over, to persuade by talk, Ompong, toothless, said when the whole or a great part of the teeth are wanting. Ondang and Ondangan, to invite to a feast, or any other occasion of ceremony. When a native wants to hold a feast, he either goes himself, or sends a friend to the neighbours or such persons as he wishes to see, and over a quid of sëurëuh makes his communication, (Batav. Kondangan, a person called to a feast. Jav. Undang to call, to invite). 326 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Ondorosol, impatient, hasty and violent in temper. Ong'ap, outof breath, blown, stifling, for want of fresh air. (Cf. Batav. Mang'ap opening the mouth). Onggèl, every, each. Onggël imah , on each house. Onggël jlllma, every man. Onggéng, to walk hobblingly, to hobble like an old man. The hobbling inelination of the body when women are sifting rice. Ongerét, the grub of the Legé, a cockchafer called Melolontha vulgaris. The onggrét lives in the ground and is a soft white grub, with sharp red jaws. It is one to two inches long and is very destructive to young plants, the bark of the roots of which it feeds upon , and in the humahs, or upland rice plantations, it sometimes nearly destroys the whole crop by eating off the young and tender roots of the paddy. Ongkél, to parbuckle; to move by putting a lever underneath and then lifting up and forward. Ongkoh, separately, distinctly, individually. Ongkoh bai mèvnang, he also separately got some. Manéh na ongkoh ngala, he also individually took some. Ongkol, the fruit stem of the plantain, when it first begins to peep out. Onom, as for, kwla onom, as for me. Sia onom mohal di béré, as for you, it is not likely that they will give you any. (Perhaps Set. náma, adverb, namely; certainly). Onta, a camel. MARSDEN gives this word as Hindu. The animalis not known in the ar- chipelago except by report of those who have made the pilgrimage to Mecca. The government of Java imported some about 1840— 1844 but they soon die out. Otuwa C. 90, a camel. (Sct. is Ushtra, camel. In provincial dialects occurs Unth). Onyam, name of a small shrubby tree, mostly growing in open grass lands. Opak, a very thin cake made of rice flour, and baked crisp. O pan, a bait, especially to take fish. Opanan, to bait, to set a bait. To lure, to tempt. O pas, a native police man, at least such as are always in attendance upon police autho- rities, the Residents &c. and have a peculiar dress. Any attendant about an office. A man to run errands and execute petty commissions. Most likely derived from the 9 Dutch word „oppasser,” an attendant, a person in waiting. O pat, four. Pat indicates evenness, and is a stage in the native scale of counting, suc- ceeding to Dua, parity, and Jolu disparity, which see. The word pat for four, is found, very extensively in the Polynesian languages. Papat is Javanese, the word pat with the inseparable prefix pa. Ampat, in Malay. Pat, alone in Achinese and Sirang. Ha is Rottinese. Fa is found at several islands of the Pacific. Afa, on Pulo Nias. Hatara, four, in Singhalese C. 785. Opat-blas, fourteen. Opat-puluh, forty. Opén and Opénan, to meddle with, to molest, to trouble yourself about, to care for. Kula tilok ngopénan, IT never meddle with it. Ulah dì openan, d'ont molest it. Ondsnan tluyn, why should you trouble yourself about if. AND ENGLISH. OAT Orai,a snake, a serpent. The following names of snakes are known to the Sunda people. Banén, the pig snake, large and black, often seen swimming across water , but is not poisonous. Bëédul, the swine snake, large and black, not poisonous. Bungkalaut, found on trees, red and yellow— very poisonous. Chabé,a small thin snake, often on bushes, not generally poisonous , but at certain seasons is very bad. The natives tell you that on fridays the bite is poisonous. Dulëk, small black sort, gets into the ani of fowls and kills them. Kadut, rather thick, fond of being about water, and catches fish; not poisonous. Ke&upëul, found upon trees, but gets out of the way and does not bite. Laki, the male snake. Reported to be immensely large, and many incredible stories are told of it, so that it may be safely considered as a fabulous snake. Thought to be a great enemy of man, but there are none in Java. Lëmbu, the bullock snake. There are many fabulous stories about this snake, which show it to be only imaginary. lt is said to have horns and is seen only in great floods. Maung, the tiger snake, in redand brown rings; very venomous. Pichung, small kind, brown and black in stripes lengthwise of body. Puchuk,a large snake of green colour, treliced with black, blue and yellow stripes. Found upon bushes and trees and seldom on the ground. Lives on birds and in- Sects. Sancha, a Boa constrictor. Kills animals by winding itself round them and so crushing them, preparatory to swallowing them. These snakesare often 15 or 16 feet long. Sancha Manuk, greenishand white. Often found on trees or in large buildings se- creted among the rafters, where it lives on mice. Catches and kills fowls. Sancha Saroni, another variety. Sé-éng,quite black; runs and springs at men, but reports do not say that it is poisonous. Sinduk, about three feet long and very dark colour; often attacks and kills fowls or their chickens. Its spittle, which it is fond of ejecting is reported to be bad and causes bad ulcers. Sulangkar, partly coloured and found on the ground; not thought poisonous. Tambang or Banchat, the rope snake or the frog snake; not venomous, catches frogs in swampy places and swallows them whole, hence the second of its names. Tanèuh, the ground snake, mottled and very venomous. This is the most dangerous sort there is, lurks in grassy places and frequently bites men or cattle, which die in agony, or lose a limb in consequence. W élang, the pie bald snake; in black and white rings. Very venomous. Weèline, qute black. Orang, a person in general, a human being, an inhabitant of, a person belonging to any particular place or occupation, Orang gunung, a mountaineer, a name by which 228 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE the Sunda people generally call themselves. Orang hilir, a person living on the sea board, or further down the river than the speaker. Orang dagang, a trader. Orang kumpani, a person who has to work company or do feudal service. Orang Batawi, a man of Batavia. Jélëma na orang Bogor, the man isa person of Bogor or Buitenzorg. Orang Utan, words which in Malay imply, „wild man of the woods” — Simia Satyrus, is the name of a large monkey found on Borneo, and only seen in Javaas a curiosity. On the north coast of Borneo they are called Mtas, and distinguished into two varie- ties, Papan and Rèmbi, the former being the larger of the two and distinguished by Papans= planks or calosities on the face. Rajah Brooks Journal, vol. 1 page 224/8. Orég, a mixture of eatables as Bonténg or Iwung &c. with the pulp of cocoa nut. But the Bonténgs or Iwung must have been boiled and softened , otherwise it is called uraó. O rok, a young born child, an infant. Orok bturlum, a freshly born child, still red. See Bèurèum. Orokan, to have a young born child. To have been eonfined, as a mother, Orokaya, whereas, now seeing that, but, however this may be. A word expressive of doubt. — Hayang nyambut sawah, orokayja to bogah kèébo na, IT wish to work the sawah, but however this may be, 1 have no buffaloes for the work. Sia hayang mèuli, orokaya to bogah duit na, you want to buy some, but have not got money. Orong-Orong, name of a land Saurian, a variety of lizard, with short body, say of: two or three inches, and a very long switch tail of nearly a dozen inches. Orot, to have gone down, to have subsided, as a flood, the tide or the like. Diminished in quantity, less in number. Cha-ah na orot, the flood has gone down. Bèunang na orot, what we got (as a crop of any thing) has diminished in quantity, a short crop. Orotan, to let water flow away, to cause to subside. Otét, the ants, which inhabit a nest made of earth and fixed amongst the branches of a tree. This sort of nest is called Pua. Othman, the third caliph. (olde) Otoh, a triangular piece of cloth or clothing worn mostly by children. One corner tics round the neck, and from each of the other two corners, strings proceed which tie round the lower part of the stomach,so that the breast and belly are covered. Small children are often clothed in this way and are otherwise naked. (Batav. idem). O woh, none, not one. Absent from home, gone away. Not existing. Owoh nu had, there are none which are good. Batur owoh, ngalanchong, our companions are not at home, they are out on a journey. Jéltma na géus owoh, the man no longer exists. Oyag, to shake, to tremble, to quiver. Muntu oyag kabéh, all my teeth are shake. Shaking, trembling. Oyagkën, to shake by moving backwards and forwards. Pa, is a partiele of very extensive use, and is always placed before a word, often a mono- syllable, to which it gives a substantive form. As Chul the idomatic expression of throwing away = Pachul ,a hoe, an implement for digging away earth and flinging it out. den ae Se an nen AND ENGLISH. 929 Pajëg, afixed tax, anything set firm, fromyjèg, which see, It is of still more extensive use in the formation of derivative words, when put as the beginning of a word, which is followed by an, as Gawé, to work, Pa-gawé-an, work, occupation. Gunung, a moun- tain, Pa-gunung-an , mountain districts or tracts. Pa in composition is often pro- nounced very short, and as such is frequently expressed below by Pò. Amongst the words below, which are monosyllables, with Pa before them , the meaning of the crude monosyllable has often been lost or become absolete, as in Patuk , the billof a bird, which is, however, sometimes heard as Patok , and means thus an instrument for knock- ing or tapping with. But the Chok of Pachokis never heard singly. Pago, Pahul &c. admit of no solution to their meaning from the monosyllables go and Aul, which are, now at least, not in use, whatever may have formerly been the case. Pa, father. Probably an abbreviation of Bapa, father. In Clough occurs at page 87 , Appa, father, as well as at page 459, Bapa, father. Pabégal, a highway robber; a robber who attacks travellers. Pabéyan, a toll-house, a customhouse, any place where toll is paid. See Béa or Béya. Pabinihan, a small compartment fenced round in every sawah, in which the seed paddy is sown and where it is allowed to grow from 40 to 60 days, and is then planted out into the sawahs where it has to bring its grain to perfection. See Binh. Paburantak, scattered about, lying in confusion. Dispersed. Paburial, dispersed, scattered about. Said especially of any thing scattered about in water. Pabuwatan, deed, act, performance. The simple word Buwat, todo, to act — is Malay and not used in Sunda. Pabuyar, dispersed, gone from one another, scattered about. Pachar, also Pachar kuku, name of a plant or tree, used to dye the nails red. Kuku means the nail of the hand. Lausonia iners. Pachar lëuwëung, the forest balsam. Balsamina latifolia. Found growing among the mountains in cool, moist situations. If bears pretty pink flowers the whole year through. Pachëmut, coming often and in numbers. Confusedly coming in numbers so that no distinction can be made between one another. Hagerly trying who shall be frst. Pachét, a leech which lives on trees, in moist mountainous jungle, and not in water. It is very troublesome by getting inside the clothes and drawing blood. These land leeches are still more abundant and troublesome among the mountains of Ceylon where they are called Kudaella, Clough 185. They are called in Malay Achih, MARSDEN page 9. Pachi-pachi, name of a common weed growing every where about gardens or culti- vated land; seldom more than a foot high with narrow leaves and labiate white flo- wer, growing on axillae, Phlomis linifolia, also Lseucas linifolia of the family of La- biatae. The leaves are used for doctoring horses. BrumeE gives the native name as Daun Sétan or Devil's leaf, which name is unknown among the mountains. Pachikër, awkward walking in fits and starts, limping. 42 930 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Pachikrak, name of a small pert bird, which wags its tail up and down at every hop. Pachinan, the quarter of the Chinese in any town. Where Chinese live. Paching, a scitameneous plant, Costus speciosus. Pachok, to peck at as a bird does. To pull down or away anything with a hooked stick, a pachul or the like. De pachok manuk, it has been pecked by the birds. Zanéuh di na gawir kudu di pachok ku pachul, that earth on the bank must be pulled down with te hoe. (Batav. id, Jav. Pétjok, to peck through. Cf. Malay Pátjak, a spit.) Pachorok, taken by mistake. Confounded. Got the wrong one. Pachuan, Dont byany means. Pachuan di béré, D'ont give it by any means. Pachwan pluptuli, D'ont tell on any account. See Chan. Pachul, a hoe, a very common agricultural implement. The etymon of this word is Chul, the idiomatie expression of flinging away. (Jav. Mal. Batav. idem). Pada, respectively, all; a word implying distribution; rather than, now that, seeing that, since. Pada lëwmpang, they respectively (or all) went. Pada bogah, each one has some, Pada mandi, they respectively (or all) bathed, Pada di béré milih, seeing that we may pick. Pada daik mayar, kajtun di dawa, rather than pay let hìm sue me. (Batav. idem. Jav. Para en Pada arm) Padagang, a trader, a merchant. See Dagang. Padalaman, or Padalëman, the abode or residence of a Dalém a native of high rank, such asa Regent. The enclosure, house and grounds where a high native chief lives. Padalang, the man who performs at a native wayang. The man who sings and recites the story, a sort of native Bard. (Mal. id. Javan. anim Datang id). Padoman, a mariner’s compass. This word might easily be derived from Du-um, to di- vide, and Pa-du-um-an, would elide into Padoman, anything which is portioned out in divisions, to which the card of the mariners compass not only anwers, but without it, a native, who had never seen such an instrument would naturally form the idea of division, by having to turn himself to nearly the four cardinal points, which they well know, and which are called by them Papadon opat, which see. This word is also good Malay; see MARSDEN, page 216, though no word like Du-um exists in Ma- lay forto divide. Padoman, may also bederived from Dhom in Javanese, a needle, but Dhom is neither Sunda nor Malay. With Dhom meaning needle, the compass would then be — an instrument with a needle — which is also a very apposite etymology. The Sunda people never having been apparently much of mariners, perhaps the Ja- vanese Etymology from dhom a needle, must be allowed to preponderate. (Jav. ezen Dum, accordingto Gerrexm R., Division, corresponds with Sd. Du-uin. Jav. Dom, Padomman, the compass; also a needle.) Padri, Portuguese, a Priest; a European clergyman; a Christian priest. Padu, to oppose, to resist, to have a dispute, to resist each other. Altercation, dispute. To compare by placing together, so that each may, as it were, assert its claims. (From Adu, Jav. Mal. Mighting, guarrelling. Padu in Javan. the same as in Sunda). AND ENGLISH. 254259) Padudan, an opium pipe. Paduka, an honorary title given toa great man, ora Sovereign. Paduka, Clough 885,a shoe, a slipper, a sandal. It has usually Sri before it, which means illustrious: thus Sri Paduka, the illustrious slipper, as if the person using the expression, dared not to look higher than the slipper of the great man. (In Sct. are similar expressions.) Paduli, see Pérduli. Padung, a plank, a thick dubbed plank not sawn. The planks used for setting round the dead in their graves. Pagah, and Pagahan, to teach, to instruct, to give lessons. To accuse, to point out as. Di pagah maling, he is accused of stealing. Di pagah goréng, Lam pointed out asa bad man; it is made out to be bad. Pagahau ka nu hadé, teach him howto be good. Budak kudu di pagahan, children must be taught. Pagalangan, chocks to set a boat or ship upon when building or repairing. Any fra- me work to support some other object. (Galèngan, Jav. Galangan, Batav. the frame work for rice-fields. The dams of the sawahs. Galanggang, Galâgang, Mal, Mars- DEN, the (square) room pepared for cockfighting). Pagaléntor, to dispute with noise, many people talking to gether, an affray. Pagas, to cut away the seed strings from the end of the fruit stem of the Kawung Palm, preparatory to obtaining Toddy. (Javan. Pagas, cut.) Pagawéan, work, occupation. Yearly plantation of paddy. Zo bogah pagawêan, Í have no yearly cultivation—also I have no work, or am without work. Pagawdan-ulin, pla- ying work, child’'s play. (Javan. idem, in the first meaning. In Malay exists Pagdwei ii, contracted Páwei, instrument, utensil, from the same root gawé.) Pagélaran, a place in front of a Kraton or native palace, where the Sovereign shows himself to the people. See Ngëlar. (Javan. idem.) Pagër, a fence, a hedge; a paling, a palisade, a wall. Ngabtuntas pagèr to break down the fence. Per simile—to exceed your rights, to go beyond your power. (Jav. Mal. id.) Pagër hirup, a live or quick set hedge. Pagër ruyung, a fence made of some Palm wood split in slips. Pagër sari, literally a fence of flowers, implies the collection of handsome young wo- men who surround the person of the Sovereign. | Pagër témbok, a walled fence. Pagéto, the day after tomorrow. Pageèuh, firm, fixed, set fast, secure. Strong and tenacious. Tali pagtuh, a strong (or tenacions) bit of rope. Said of a person who is not to be talked over. Resolute, determined. Pagtuh to mtunang di chabut, it is set firm and cannot be pulled out. (Kawi idem.) Pago, a reading stool, when the natives reada book, the koran for example, they place it upon a low stool, 6 or 8 inches high, before which they squat. They write also on such a stool. (Cf. Mal. Pagz, floor.) 5 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Pagonan, to keep or hold firm or fixed. To make steady. To keep at any particular rate. To make permanent. (Jav. Gon, Enggon, place. Panggonan, place, where a person, or thing stands.) Pagulingan, agreat man's bedstead or sleeping place. (From Guling, Jav. to lay stret- ched out, to sleep. Also a cushion. Mal. Guling,to turn round, to wallow , to roll.) Pagunungan, mountain districts. Places where mountains exist. Paham, ar. Fehem, skilled, well-versed, intelligent. (a, Fahim, intelligent.) Pahang, having an obnoxious smell. Frouzy. Smelling of urine, when soaked into cloth. Paharé, emulating each other —same as Papaharé, which see. Pahèéut, a chisel. The same as Tatah. In Malay it is called Pahat, but Pahtut is good Sunda; and occurs as the name of a mountain rivulet, Chi-pahëut. Pahing, the second day in the old Javanese week of five days. Vide Manis. Pahit, bitter. It may be derived from Jitta, C. 231, bitter; pungent, with the Polyne- sian Pa before it, dropping the initial 4. Mosh palut, the bitter rattan, resembles hoih kèsur, and is used for like purposes. Pahugikën, to offer in a present to a sweetheart. Pyamangtun di pahugikën ka bébéné he presented his sweetheart with cloth to make adress. Pahul, a short bit of stick round which to twist string which is being used for binding anything, so as to have a better purchase for drawing it tight. Much used in binding up the bundles of Paddy. Pahumahan, the place where the humahs or upland rice fields are made. The people who make humahs. Paido, disbelieving, wanting confidence. An expression of wonder and disbelief. Patdo tluyn sia to dark pluptuli, there is no wonder you will nottell. Kula di paido, Tam not believed. (Jav. idem). Paih, dead, defunct. Jéltma paih, a dead man. Kayu paih, dead wood. Paila, dearth of food, famine. See Péchéëklik. Pais, to cook anything wrapped up in leaves and stuck into the fire. Pais Bakatul, fne bran wrapped up in leaves and stuck into the fire to cook. Paisan, as Batu paisan, a tomb stone. A head stone to a grave; such as used by nati- ves. When made flat, they stand over a woman, and when round, over a man. Pajabungan, coming from all quarters; made up of several different lots. Sédikah pa- jabungan, a festival made by different persons contributing something. Pajabur, overflown with water. Musim pajabur, the rainy season, the same as Payjtbur. Pajaga-an, a watch-house, a guard-house. A place to keep watch. Pajagalan, a butcher's shop, a slaughter house, a place where cattle are slaughtered for sale of the meat. Pajajaran, the name of an ancient kingdom in Java, situated in the Sunda districts and of which the capital is related to have been situated near the present Bogor or Bui- AND ENGLISH. 598 tenzorg. For its foundation bij Chiung Wanara see RAFFLES, Java, vol. 2 pages 100— 104. The name is said to have been derived from a row of fern trees near wich the bro- thers Ariya Bang'a and Chiung Wanara had been fighting, but were reposing from their struggle. Paku in Sunda is a fern; the fern in this case was probably the mountain tree fern Paku-tihang. Pakuan, abounding in such ferns. Pajajaran, set in a row, from Jajar, a row; the whole place being called Pakuan Pajajaran, the place aboun- ding with tree ferns growing in a row. Pajajaran was probably founded at the close of the 13th century of the Christian era. RAFFLES, vol 2. page 98 gives the date of the foundation of Majapahit as anno Java 1221, to which must be added 78 years to give the Christian era A. D. 1299, and Pajajaran was founded at about the same pe- riod. Pajajaran was destroyed on the introduction of Mohammedanism about the close of the 15th century, and this empire thus lasted for a couple of centuries, and had ceased to exist before A. D. 1500. In Pantuns is often heard the expression — Ratu Pakuan, Ménak Pajajaran, the Sovereign of Pakuan, and the nobles of Pajajaran. Pajang, a petty principality near the old Mataram. An appanage of one of the princes of Demak, soon after the introduction of Mohammedanism, and from whom were des- cended the royal family of the princes of Mataram. Pajar, to accuse, to charge with. Pajëg, a fixed tax. An amount of tax on land, not dependent on the actual crop, but “on the land itself, and thus known before the cultivation of it is commenced. Firm unmoving, steady, fixed. Zihang na gëus pajëg, the post is firmly set. (Jav. Ajèg, to remain unmoved, steady, immutable. Jéjtg, idem). yv ° KO Pajëmon, an assembly, a collection of guests; many people. (Perhaps from ar. e= Jam’u, collection, multitude, from the verb es Jama’a, to collect, to congregate, wherefrom is derived jen juma’t, the day of congregation, 1. e. Friday. Fr.) Pajibur, overflown with water. Musim pajibur, the rainy season. Pajirih, sneaking out of the way to avoid work. Unwilling to put out a hand to do any work. (Jav. Jirih, afraid, cowardly. Jëérih, fearing, fearful ?). Paju, going forward, advancing. Guzzling, eating greedily. Di paywan diwi, he went at it again. Sia di payw maung mèingke, you will be guzzled up bij a tiger. (Jav. idem, in the first signification). Pak, the idiomatic expression of patting or striking gently; also of lying flat as if patted down, as Chèpak, a level bit of land. Padpak, level and even at the top. Pèpak, to clap with the hands, to pat. Pak-prak, to clap or smak with the lips. Pak, Dutch, a package, a bale of goods. Pak, the Dutch word Pacht, a farm, a government farm. A department of government revenue farmed out to private individuals. Pak kulit, the farm of hides, the right to claim the hide or a duty on animals killed, especially of the buffaloes. Pak ma- dat, the opium farm. Pak Pasar, the market farm; the right of taking a toll from all sot A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE who attend a public market. Zukang Pak, the farmer, the man who has bought the right to any government farm. Di pak, to farm out. JanZuh na géus di pak, the estate is farmed out. Pakal, to caulk, as a ship or boat. To close a seam between two planks by forcing in oakum &c. (Malay idem). Pakalongan, name of a residency in Middle Java. The place abounding in Kalongs or flying foxes, Pakan, the woof or threads in a web which are crosswise in it, from Tépak, to strike or knock together. The Pakan is shot into the web bij means of the Zropong or shuttle. Pakan are also the cross pieces of split bambu wove into a Bilik. (Javan. idem). Pakapuran, a lime kiln. This word has evidently been borrowed from the Malay , where Kapur is lime, whereas in Sunda it is called Apw, and according to the spirit of de- rivation would form Pangapwan, which is seldom heard for lime kiln. Pakarang, implement, instrument, utensil. A weapon in general, as a gobang, kris or spear. Pakarang tinun, weaving implements; the native loom. Sia to mawa paka- rang, have you got no weapon with you? (Ádrang in Malay, to arrange, to combine or compose artfully). Pakarangan, garden or grounds about a house, see Karang. The environs of a great man’s dwelling. Pakauman, a place where priests meet or assemble to pray. A mosque and its appurte- nances. (From ar. rb Kaum, people). Pakaya, subsistance, livelyhood; property. Any work or occupation by which a livelyhood is gained, as a garden, an orchard, a trade or profession. Paké, touse, to wear, to put on. To make use of. To wearor put on clothes. Kampak éuktur di paké, the axe is just being made use of. Jamang anyar gëus di paké, the new jacket has been worn. Pakéan, clothes, dress. Anything which a person makes use of; implements, accoutrements. Pakéan sutra, silk clothes. Parabot pahéan tukang kayu, tools made use of by a car- penter. Pakon, orders of great personages, mandates. Pak-prak, to make a smacking sound with the lips, by opening and shutting the mouth in rapid succession. By the sound so made cartmen stop their buffaloes, or induce them to be easy and quiet Paksa, to force; to compel, to constrain. Sia datk di paksa kw aing, you shall be forced by me. Paksa is probaly the same as Paksha, C. 845 party influence or power, a side, a flank. As if such were brought to bear upon any one — which Paksha in its compounds countenances as— Paksa-grahanayafroma Paksha, side, grahana, seïizing— Partiality, taking to oneside of a cause or contest; confederating, using party influence. (Jav. aman Pèksa, idem. Groriokm R. give another form #ëkhsa, of the same mear ning. This shows, that neither pa, pè, nor tè (tér) belong to the root of the word, AND ENGLISI. 335 and the comparison with Ser. Paksha, side, flank ete. can not be admitted. Pé or Té being Praefixa, remains ksha, from a root kshò or kshû, meaning destruction, which wordis found in WirLson. Pèürksa, or Térksa, originally, put to destruction. Compare kshan, to kill. Fr.) Paksi, the iron part of the handle of any weapon, as of a Bëdog or Kris. The iron rod which goes within the handle — on which the handle is fixed. Pakshi, plural of Pak- sha, C. 345 and 346, a bird in general, a wing, a feather. Paksi is never used in Sunda to express a Bird. (Sct. Pakshin, Nominat. Pakshi, is derived from paksha, paksha meaning also a wing, so pakshin having wings ì. e. a bird. Pakshi, means besides an arrow, and the Sundas seem to have called the iron part going into the handle, the arrow of the kris, of the pädang etc. Fr.) Paku, a nail,a spike. Paku bèusi, an iron nail. Paku tambaga, acopperneil. Paku léntah, a leech nail, a clamp with both ends bent and driven into wood. Paku, a fern. Filix. The Sunda mountains abound in a great variety of ferns. Paku Alam, title of the independent Prince at Jugjokarta. — The spike nail of the world. Paku Buwana, a royal title. The spike nail of the Universe. Paku haji, though bearing much the appearance of a fern, is nevertheless a Palm, and is the Cycas Circinalis. Another variety only found in gardens is the Cycas revoluta. Paku handam, a fern growing with very thick entangled bushes. Paku munding, the buffaloe fern, a large coarse kind. Paku tihang, the tree fern; grows up with a stem like an areca Palm and has a very graceful top. Grows only on the mountains. Pakuan, abounding in ferns. Part of the name of Pajajaran-which see, Pakuchërut, without order’, at random. Said where every one wants to do as he likes and the work gets into confusion. Pakulahan, a muddy hole in which buffaloes wallow during the heat of the day. Pakung, to tie an animal by a rope to the head, either to graze, or to have handy to steal. To tie up an animal to a tree, post or other object. Pakuw-on, the enclosure round a house; gardens and approaches from which animals are excluded. Same as Pakarangan. (Kwwu, or Kubu, Jav. Kawi, a temporary residence, where to remain a night etc. Pakuwon, the place of such a temporary residence). Pal, the Dutch Paal, a post, a stick of wood. A Pal is, on Java, a mile so called from the distances being marked bij Paals or posts viz. mile posts. A Paal or Paulin Java is 400 Rhineland roods, or Fumbaksof each 12 Rhineland feet, which at each 12.357 English inches will give 4942.800, which taken from 5280 feet in an Englisch mile, gives the Java Paul short of an English mile 337 English feet. Palis also any boun- dary mark, which is mostly a post of wood, but the people would say Pal bain, a stone post, if such boundany mark was a stone pillar. Pala, Nutmeg. Tangkal Pala, nutmegtree. Myristica Moschata. The word Pala appears to be of Sanscrit origin, and means simply Fruit, applied par excellence to the nutmeg. Pala, C, 372, and Phala, C. 452, fruit, fruit in general, +56 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Palabuan, an anchoring place; a bay. See Labuh. Palabuan Ratu or Wynkoops Bay , on the south coast of Java, at westend of Preanger Regencies. Palagi, customary, usual, in ordinary routine. Palagi na di ala, it is the usual custom to take it. Lain palagi, unusual, unheard of; litterally — otherwise than usual. Palahlar, name of a tree, Dipterocarpus trinervis. Has much ropy gum. Palai, desiring, longing for. Palajang, a plant growing wild, and sometimes planted in gardens. It resembles a va- riety of Plantain, and has red flowers. Seldom grows above 8 or 10 feet high. Musa Coccinea. Palal, of unpleasant taste; harsh to the palate. Palamporan, an enclosure, into which Paddy is collected to dry after cutting, viz. that part which has been levied as the tax of the landlord. The word is derived from Lampor, which in the Malay of Bencoolen, see CRAWFORD’s Dictionary, means a stack or rick of corn. Lampor alone is not used in Sunda. Palanchasan, conclusion, end, having come to a termination of work, or anything in hand. Palanchu, a long stake driven into the ground for any purpose, as a support to a fence or the like. Palang, a cross beam, a horizontal bar of wood. Anything laid athwart. In Malay oecurs — Álang, cross beams in building; and in Javanese it means across — athwart. The Malay name for the long tall grass of the plains alang-alang is probably derived from its barring the way, being entangled and bad to get through. This grass is called in Sunda Mùrih. Palangan, indisposed, unwel. Anything which interferes with what we propose doing. Mèurtun datang lamun to aya palangan, Y shall undoubtedly come if there is not something to prevent me. Palangké, a litter, a sedan, a Palanquin. (Ser. Palyangka and Paryangka, originally a bed, bedstead.) Palapah, the fronds or leaf stems of Palm trees. Palapah kalapa, cocoanut branches. Palapah Kawung, branches of the aren tree. Palasta, done, accomplished, fulfilled. Glus palasta, it is all done, or accomplished. (Kawi, according to Gerroke R. Palastra, dead, died. Sct. root Lias, to be an artificer, to exercise an art. !? Pa, Polynesian Praefix). Palatuk, a short stake or peg of wood driven into the ground, either as a mark or to tie an animal to. Palawan, an opposer in any contest, as at games or in active exercises, such as in Ujungan or fighting with rattans. A champion. (Persian Pahlawan, a champion). Palé, pomatum, or any unguent used for stiffening the mustachios. A little is carried by young dandies about the golok or gobang handles. Kumis di paléan, his musta- chtos were pointed with pomatum. AND ENGLISH. 937 Palédang, a maker of copper rice pots or Sé-éngs. Palélé, in proper order; having made proper arrangements. Systematically. Not in con- fusion or unadvisedly. Palémbang, name of an old native government on Sumatra opposite the island of Bangka, established by a Javanese colony in the 12th century. The name is derived from Zóm- bang, to wash ore or metals, such as gold dust. Paléndéng, set on one side, disregraded, to walk on onesideof. To follow the course of. Amusing oneself; unwilling to conform to. Za ülah palendéng, God being disre- garded. The expression occurs in a Badui Jampé. Paléndéng chai, to follow the course of the river. Paléngkung, twisted in a circle, curved, bent over, Palér, not longing or wishing for women; an aversion to sexual intercourse, Palias, may it be for from us. God forbid; ward off. Palias tluyn chelaka kitu, may such misfortunes be far from us. Mayang nêda palias, ywould entreat that God should forbid. This word may be a derivative of Paliha, C. 374, a shield, a buckler, or from Palisa which is of the same meaning C. 374. Palias, name of a grass, with long narrow leaves; grows in moist cool situations. Palid, carried away by water; swept away in a stream. A drift Palipisan, the temples of the head. Palis, said of a light or candle which has been blown out by the wind, Driven or drif- ted away, as heavy black clouds which threatened to send down rain, but have now been drifted away by the wind. Palisir, cloth or hangings about the upper part of a bed, often ornamented with Hanjéré and tinsel. Palita, a lamp, an oil lamp, a candle, alight. Quere? Palita, C. 374, heat, burning. Palobah, about, near to; Palobah tangkal kadu, near the Durian tree. Palobah imah batur, somewhere about my neighbour’s house. Palu, a hammer. Palu gëdé, a big hammer, a sledge hammer. Palu, C. 874a knot, a joint, the joint in a bambu &c. (Malay, Javan. idem). Paluan, to strike with a hammer. Palungpung, the Orchis parasite plant, with pretty white flowers, frequently found gro- wing on cocoa nut trees, Palupuh, bambu flooring, viz large kinds of bambus split open lengthways, till the whole piece can lie flat like a board.” (Jav. Plupuh. Mal, Palupuh idem). Pamabokan, a Drunkard. Pamainan, a toy, a plaything. Amusements, entertainments. Pamaja, the chisel used for turnery work done at the lathe called Pamindo, in making spools. Pamajikan, a husband or wife; literally the „good, one”—or as we should say „the good man” „the good wife”. Probably derived from the Javanese Böchik, honourable, 43 338 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE trusty. The word is applied by labourers towards their employer, and frequently occurs in the sense of „ Master. ” Pamakasan, name of a district in the middle of the island of Madura. Pamaké, custom, habit, what is made use of. Pamaké orang kulon goréng, the habit of the people from the westward is bad. Pamalës, retaliation, retribution, requital. (Mal. Bálas, to retribute, to requite, pem- bâlasan, retaliation, requital, Jav. Walës en pamalës, idem.) Pamali, forbidden by some moral feeling of wrong. Prohibited as unlucky. An interdict, often superstitious, but respected for fear of incurring the displeasure of God or of some overruling power. The Chipamali, or river of Prohibition, in the district of Brëbes, in the residency of Tagal, was of old, the boundary between the Sundaese and Javanese people, and their respective governments. Pamalingan, a thief, a robber. Paman, an uncle or aunt when younger than the parents of the person using the expres- sion. A friendly term of respect addressed to any person even though no relation. See Uah, and Mama. Evidently compounded of ama father in some Polynesian langua- ges. In Engano ama-ama is father. (Jav. id. An uncle, a younger brother of the father or mother. Mal. An uncle from the fathers side). Pamanching, a fisherman; a man who takes fish with a hook. Pamangsén, an inkstand. Pamarat, what comes from the westward. Musim pamarat, the westmonsoon, the rainy season, from November till April. (Mal. Bärat, West. Jav. id. Wind, storm; the storms in this country coming usually from the westward). Pamarat hérang, a fair west monsoon. When the wind blows steadily from the west- ward but is not accompanied by the usual rain it is called Pamarat hérang, which is very injurions to young planted crops, especially paddy, which require plenty of rain and usually get it at the season, but now and then a year occurs when the rain fails and the stiff westerly wind does much harm. Pamasangan, an assortment of sweetmeats set ont on a tray for a stranger or visiter. (From Pásang, Jav. Mal. made ready, put in order. Masang’i, Jav. to make ready, to prepare). Pamatang, a person who hunts deer on open plains by mounting on a horse and gal- loping up alongside of them, cuts them down witha sword or gobang. This is much practised in some parts of the Preanger Regencies bij order of the chiefs. The horse so ridden is also called kuda pamatang. Pamatil, the rays or sharp bonesin the fins of some fish, viz in the fins near the head. These serve as weapons of defence te some fish and sometimes infliet painful wounds, as is the case with the Lélé. Pamatuk, the bill of a bird. (Jav. Patuk, idem. Matuk, to peck with the bill). Pamautan, the last leaf which sets itself upon the Paddy straw before the grain makes AND ENGLISH. 939 its appearance. When being cut‚ the straw is snapped just below the insertion of this leaf, which is immediately stripped off the straw, and this is called di pautan, to strip off, to pull away. Paméan, a place to keep rice in. A vessel in. a natives house for holding rice. Paméntahan, demand, request, what is asked for. Pamëuntasan, a ferry, a place at which to cross a river, or any water. Paméëupëuh, a stick to beat anything with. A bludgeon, a mallet. Pamichëun, an outlet, an escape, an opening or place at which to throw something away, or be able to dispose of anything. The word most frequently means an outlet or escape for a canal, where surplus water can be discharged. Pamidangan, the place where birds are in the habit of flyingto. The place where wild animals stroll out to, to feed. A lounging place for human beings, a placeto stroll about in. (Jav. Midang, to go to a place for pleasure, to amuse himself.) Pamikat, something set by way of bait or allurement. (Jav. Pikat, a trap set to catch birds. Mikat, to catch birds). Pamilih, choice, alternative. Po-ék pamilih, a choice in the dark, not knowing what to do; at your wit's end. (Jav. Pilih, choice, chusing. Milih, Mal. Pilih, Memi- lih, to chuse). Pamindo, a small turning lathe for petty purposes, such as making the kisi, spindles or spools on which thread is wound. Pamipitan, the frst few heads of paddy which are cut. See Pipit. Pamondokan, a house of reception for travellers, or temporary sojourners. A place where a traveller spends the night. (From Pondok). Pamor, the damasking on iron; the wavy lines which are brought out of iron by lying it to soak in a solution of Arsenice and which natives consider as so great an or- nament. Any inherent good quality which is not every day evinced. Lamun raja di rurugan, mohal di bijil pamor na, if you attack the king, he is sure to show his pamor (or inherent power). (Jav. Pamor, mixed metal. Mal. Pámur, the veins, or damasking of the blades of weapons). Pamoras, a musketoon, a blunderbuss. A short thick gun, generally with a wide mouth. Pampéngkën, to fling from one; to Hing away. To throw down with force. To fling away in a rage. Pamujahan, a place of offering, or of adoration. The word is derived from Pwja, with the usual pre-and suffix Pa and an. Pwja C. 414, offering, sacrifice, worship, homage, adoration. These Pamujahans are very frequent amongst the mountains, being often found at their top, where some one of yore is supposed.to be buried. Pamuk, a great fighter, a valliant man. A man who in battle makes amuk. Pamukti, a fall of good luck. Exceedingly lucky. Prosperity. See Bukti, which word it is, with the Polynesian preposition Pa. Pamukulan, a place where some beating is going on. Indigo works. 540 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Pamulu, shape, appearance, form, description. (Jav. or Kawi according to G, R. face; shape, form. From Mulu, to see). Pamuna, see Raja pamund, in which ossociation ouly it has been heard. Pan, a prefix in compounding words, of much the same force and use as Pa and Pang. Panagan, a building raised on posts, a little off the ground, usually made of bambu, and provided with a moveable atap roof, so as to expose the contents, at pleasure, to the sun and in case of rain, to be able to speedily cover it up. A small Pana- gan is found in every paddy field when cutting, in which the short heads and refuse of grain are collected and dried. Such Panagans, only on a large scale, are used for drying Coffee in the pulp. The word appears to be derived from Naga a snake or serpent, thus Pa-naga-an, the place of the serpent, and a serpent or dragon cal- led Anta Boga is mentioned in the Manék Maya, where it is connected with the account of early paddy-growing on Java, asa kind of presiding genius. See Raffles Java 2 vol, appendix Page COXIX, Panah, a bow (for shooting). Bana, C. 467, an arrow. The bow here appears to have been coufounded with thearrow. Im Sunda an arrow is called Anak panah, the child of the bow. (Mal. id. Jav. an arrow.) Panaitan, or Pulo Panaitan, an island lying close to Java Head, called” Prince's Island” by Europeans. It is probably derived from the Sunda word Jait or Jayit, to take up or out of the water anything which has been put therein to soak. This probably was a rendez vous place for the old Hindu traders, who came from India and proceeded along the South Coastof Javato reach Bali and the Hastern islands, without venturing among the pirates of the inner seas of Java. Pa-nyait-an= Panaitan, the place of coming up, or taking up (out of the Ocean). Panakawan, a domestic, a retainer, a follower. Panambah, augmentation, what is added. (From Tambah). Panamping, on the borders of, adjoining. Panamping Chidurian, along the course of the Chidurian. (Batav. Samping, side, border). Panang'an, a respectful modification of Tang'an, the hand. A refined expression. Ku panangan Puachi, with the hand of Puachi. Pananggalan, the first day of a moon. The first day of a new month. Bulan gèus pananggalan, the moon has begun afresh. See Tanggal. Pananggung, a carrying stick. A stick laid across the shoulder, to which objects are attached to be carried. See Tanggung. Panangguran, heedlessly, without having an earnest intention. Casually. (Jav. ZFanggor, to run against a thing, to hurt. Nanggor, to knock). Panapak, the foot —a refined expression. (Zúpak, Tèlápak Mal. the palm, the sole of the foot. Jav. Trace. Tèlápakkan, the sole of the foot.) Panarima, thanks, acknowledgment, obligation. Panarukan, name of a district in the residency of Bazukie, the seat of an ancient trade in Java, before the arrival of Buropeans. L | AND ENGLISH. 341 Panas, hot. Vehement, passionate. Eùkèur panas poi, during the heat of the day. Pa- nas llungan, hot-handed, or a person in whose hands nothing prospers. The reverse of this is Zi-is llungan, cold handed, which see. Panasaran, a feeling of uneasìiness or distrust that matters are not all in order An anx- iety to know something. Panasaran nu léutik, the diffidence of the lower orders- the anxiety of a man of small degree to know or get something. (Jav. Sasar, mista- king; MNasar, to mistake the road, to get out of the right way. Kasasar, confused.) Panataran, the nameon Bali for inferior village temples, derived from Natar, a court. In these Panatarans, offerings are made to Durga, Kala and and the Butas or goblins, by placing the objects offered on the ground. Friederich Bat. Trans. Vol 22 pages 82/33. Natar on Bali is the innermost part of a house where offerings are made. Ditto Page 56. Natar is probably only a modification of the word Latar, which in Javanese is the court before a house, There still exists on Java, in the Residency of Kédiri, near Blitar, an old stone temple called Panataran, which evidently has had a parity of origin with such places on Bali. Panawar, a remedy, an antidote, a charm. See Tawar. Panawar Jambi, a celebrated remedy, especially for staunching blood; brought from Jambi on Sumatra. It is the leaf-bud of a fern tree, aud the mossy matter adhering thereto is the Panawar. It is the Cybotium Glaucescens of Botany. This plant is also called the Scythian Lamb, and was formerly considered to be some animal. Pancha-bagah, having difference of opinion. Differing in wish or in will. Pancha, C. 347 is the numeral fwe, but is prefixed to a great many words, and seems to be at the bottom of a system of reducing every thing to fives, as the five senses, the fwe tastes, the five royal insignia &c. &e. Bhaga, C. 490, part, portion, a share. Thus the five divisions-or perhaps points of dispute. Pancha-baya, a critical period; a period when any harm may come over us. Gëus liwat pancha-baya, he has got over the critical period, when fear might be entertained. (Bhaya, Ser, fear, alarm. The word pancha, ve, added to this and the preceding word means many or uniwersal, as it is a holy number; there are five elements, five superior deities (on Bali); five Bhûtas or demons etc.) Panchalang, an emissary of the police. A person sent out as a spy. Prahw pancha- lang, a man of war vessel or ship sent out to keep the police at sea. A ecruizer. Pan- chalang Bogor a police spy from Buitenzorg. (Jav. Ghalang, watching, observing, spying.) Pancha-lima, a book or written paper for ascertaining lucky or unlucky days, and what must be doneat any particular period of any day. Astrology. A sort of Psycho- graphy. A kind of divination book arranged under five heads, somewhat after the fas- hion of the old Javanese week of five days. Over these five days Hindu deities pre- side, viz Mahiswara or Siva—Bisnu or Vishnu—Barahama or Brahma— Asri or Sri who is the goddess Lakshmi—and Kala whois also Yama, the Regent of death. All 542 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE sorts of rebels to constituted authority generally have, or pretend to be provided with a Pancha-lima, with which they dupe their followers. Pancha is sanscrit for fwe, C, 847 and Lima is also five in Malay, Sunda, and many other Polynesian tongues and the compound word seems therefore to be tautology, of which the uninitiated are not conscious. As Pancha, however, is indisputably Sanscrit for Five, we might fairly expect that the other part of the expression would have its origin in the same language and as Lima does notoccur in Clough in any admissable shape, it may per- haps be a contraction of some more extended word. The nearest approach which pre- sents itself is Gaelima C, 186, sinking ,- in the composition contracted to simply Lema and the „five sinkings” may have indicated some method of drawing or selecting lots. Panchar, a bundle of reeds or split bambus used for a flambeau. Panchaténg'ah, in the midst, middle, mid. Pancha-Warna, party-coloured. Pancha, C 847 five, Warna, C 625 colour, to paint. Pancha-Warna, C, 349, the five colours which are reflected by the body of Bud- dha, viz blue, gold-colour, red, white and black. Pancha-Wati, the place for keeping a concubine; a concubine’s dwelling, apart from the husband’s abode with his legal wife. Wati, C, 618 a woman of property, a fe- male possessing great wealth. Panchér, the tap root of a tree. Applied to a man who is the lineal descendant of so- me family, or chief person as if he was the tap root of his stock. (Jav. The princi- pal root of atree, the ancestor; descent in a straight line.) Panchëran, having a tap root. Firmly rooted. Panchi, taken out. Pickedout and removed. Driven out, as a bolt by driving another bolt against its smaller end. To separate from something else. (Jav. Panchi means measured, determined). Panching, name of a kind of wild Plantain, Heliconia Buccinata, Heliconia Indica. Panchir a wedge. A wedge or peg driven into wood work. Pancho, a method of taking fish, by setting a circle of stones, which have an opening to be closed by a bit of net when the fish enter. Similar to Kombongaun, only done more easily and in a hurry. Panchuran, a spout, a channel, a gutter, a bit of bambu, set for the purpose of lea- ding water, when fixed aud immoveable. A spout to bathe at; set in the ground so as to lead water from any reservoir or spring. The etymology of Panchuran, is the strictly Sunda word Chur indicative of pouring out, with Pan and an, the usual pre- and suffixes. See Talang. (Panchuran Jav. the falling stream; Batav. Talang, or Mal. Abangan, is the spout, commonly made of Bambu, wherethrough the falling water flows). Pandahan, name ofa place and sugar—millin Pasuruan, atthe base of the Gunung Ar- juno. Dahan and Dahana C. 268 fire, a name of Agni, the god of fire; burning, combustion. Pandahan, the place of combustion. Can this place in old Hindu times have been a place where the dead were burnt? AND ENGLISH. 943 Pandak, short, lowly. A modification, or sort of diminutive of Pondok, short. (Mal. Pendek, idem. Jav. Péndék nen pn en low, under, beneath). Pandakawan, and Panakawan, an attendant, a follower; as with natives, generally a young man as an attendant ona chief, Compounded of Pandak, short, lowly, and Kawan, an attendant. Pandan, the screwpine, name of a genus of plants. Pandanus odoratissimus. The young leaves, especially those about the flower, being shred fine and mixed with ftowers, are worn in the hair by young natives when they are busy courting. Pandan Pudak, Pandanus Moschatus, a sweet scented variety. Pandan Rampé, Pandanus latifolius, flower shred fine and mixed with the hair. A Sancrit Etymology may be giveu forthe word Pandan. Pan, C, 859, aleaf, leaves. Daha, C. 263, a bud, a young sprout. Pan-däha-an, Pandan, the tree or object which bears the „leafy sprouts” or „branches”, in allusion to the way in which the Pandanus grows, being one main upright stem, surrounded by long broad leaves with- out any tree branches. See Dahan. Pandapa, an open hall in front of a house. An audience hall. (By mistake made from Scr. Mandapa, a temporary building, an open shed or hall, erected on festival occasi- ons as at a marriage. The Javanese mistook mandapa for a verbal form, and made accordingly the substantive Pandapa. But there is yet in the district of Jasinga a mountain called Mandapa according to his form.) Pandawa, the sons of Pandu in tte Mahabarat. Pandé, learned, erudite. Skilled. A blacksmith,. From this we see that, at early periods of Javanese history, blacksmithbs were considered learned men, and the traditions of the country countenance this idea, the art of the blacksmith being held in great repute, and designated by a sanscrit word. Before their intercourse with the Hindus, the Javane- se used stone hatchets which are still occasionally found, aud when the use of iron became known, its workers were looked upon as “learned men”. Pandit, C. 353, learned, erudite, well-informed in theological study, the sameas Pandita. In the Sin- ghalese, or at least in their literature, a blacksmith and teacher or preceptor are designated by words nearly alike, aud evidently of a common origin. Clough Page 61 gives —achariya, a blacksmith; achayarya, a teacher, a preceptor. So that even on Ceylon and consequently also in India proper, the profession of blacksmith and preceptor were looked uponas one. The Javanese and Balians confound Himpuin the same way, which designates both a blacksmith and a learned man. (Cf. Ser. Pandá knowledge, wisdom. A form Pandin or Pandya, which might have been altered into Pandé, does not exist. Pandita is known enough. Himpu read Hèmpu or Mpu. Fr.) Pandéglan, name of a place in Bantam on the Gunung Karang with a fine view-see Négla. D w JJ a) 5 Pandéëurëusan, a place where fish spawn, from nèuréus- which see. S44 AND ENGILSH. nowadays, on Java, applied to Christian Clergymen. Pandita, C. 353, learned, eru- dite, well-informed in scholastie and theological study. Pandita, viz Pulo Pandita, the island of the Panditas. An island situated in the straits of Lombok, and generally called vulgarly ”Banditti Island”. The island, however, hasits name from Holy men and not from ragamuffins. (The island has no particular name given to it by the native Balinese; it is called only Musa, the island, in opposi- tion to the continent of the Balinese, 1. e‚ Bali or Bali-angka, the womb of heroes or of perpetual offerings. The name Pandita, given to this island, originates in the ingenuity of some European officers, who thought to correct the Portuguese „ Ban- ditti” into a native word! Fr.) Pandu, The father of Arjuna and husband of Kunti. Thefather ofthe Pandawa. Pandu, C. 882, the name of a sovereign of ancient Delhi, and nominal father of Yudhisthira, and the other four Pandawa Princes. Pané-ér, otherwise called Sunduk; a crossbeam in carpentry. | Panékér, flint and steel to strike a light. / Panél, a balustrade; the horizontal piece of wood along the top of wooden rails. (Seems to be the Dutch Paneel). À Panömbahan, a title of high rank, as the Panémbahan of Sum&nap, on the island of Madura, who aftera long and reputable life died on the 31 march 1854. Derived from Smbah, to make reverence or obeisance, with the usual prefix Pa und suffix an, the object before wich we must make obeisance. A. title in general below Sususs hunan and Sultan. This same Panembahan of Sumënap had for upwards of 20 years borne the title of Sultan under the style of Paku Nata ning Rat, conferred on b much service 4 Raffles in the compilation of the literary parts of his He of Jaa Panéng'ah, the middle one. Intermediate. Panëlëg, any instrument by which something else is held firm or fixed. a vowel. Pang also forms the superlative degree, Pang hadé na, the best; Pang go réng na, the worst. The comparative degree is formed by manan, as hadé manan nu lian, better than the other. Goréng manan nu séjén, worse than the other. zn omongktn, talk or bespeak EN for me. Pang- -hadéankën, aen it in order for 0 or for some one else than yourself. Páng-giringkin, chase them awy for me, or ed your neighbour. Pangabakti, an act of adoration, an act of worship; any good deed done under zc of its being acceptable to God. See Bakti. Lan Pangabëtah, pleasure, delight. What we take delight in. See Pëtah. Pangaji, to the value of. Amounting in value to-Barang pangajt sa ratus regia goods to the value of f 100. (Jav. idem. Jav. Bal 4ji, idem = arga.) hi AND ENGLISH. „45 Pang'alapan, the spot where water is admitted upon a lot of sawahs, to be distributed thereon. The place where water is tapped out of a canal. The terrace of sawahs which receives the water coming immediately from the canal or the river and which is usually the finest of the whole lot, getting the most and the best of the sediment. Pang'ali, an instrument for digging earth; usually a stake of wood sharpened at one end. Pang'alitan, shamming, pretending to be ill when much work is on hand, and much ordering about may be expected. Panc'ang'onan, the place where cattle, especially buffaloes graze. Pang'antén, a bridegroom or bride. Probably from anti, to wait, to long for. Pang'an- tén lalaki, the bridegroom, Pang'antén awéwé, the bride. Pangapuan, a lime kiln, more usually called Pakapuran, a case or place to hold lime in. Pang'arah, the object of our desires. That which we long for. Pang'arakan, a place or establishment where arack is made. Pang'arakan, the apparatus for carrying a person in procession. A processional chair. Pang'ari, a wooden spade, an instrument used to turn over rice in the pan whilst cooking. Pang'aruh, propitious, efficacious in obtaining: lucky. Used when any prayer to God, or petition to man is granted. Pang'aruh ing jampé, obtained by the efficacious power of incantation. | Pang’asaman, the idea prevails that poisonous snakes whet their fangs on certain vege- tables in the jungle, thereby imparting their venom to them. Now if a man gets scratched or wounded by such a piece of vegetable, and the wound festers and be- comes an ulcer, the people say it comes from the snakes poison, and such a disease is called Pang’asaman. | Pang’asih, commisseration, pity; anything which we do or eoncede out of consideration to another. See Kasih. Pang'asuh, a nurse, a woman to take care of infants. Pang'awinan, the spear bearers in a procession. Halberdiers, a name given to the in- habitants of certain villages, who formerly held the office of halberdiers. See Kawin. Pang'ayogya-an, indication, something to serve as a guide; a word eompounded in the Polynesian fashion from Yogya, C. 577, suitable, fit, proper, becoming. A cal- culator of expedients. Pang'yogya-an patahunan, the indicators of yearly work. Such are the trees Randu, Kenyéré and Jéngkol coming into flower, which is generally about July, which is a warning to begin to cut down fresh forest for next year's Aumah. Pang'ayunan, a royal bed chamber. | Pangbabuk, a short thick stick sometimes carried as a weapon of defence. Pangbedilan, as Sa pangbëdilan, the distance which a gun will carry. Pangbëdol Sambung, a payment made for deserting the cockpit. Name of a tax levied in Bantam by the native chiefs on those who remove from their jurisdiction. Pangchalikan, a seat. A refined expression. Be WP 946 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Pang'ébus, a ransom. The price paid to redeem any object. Pang'éjoan, the period at which the rice is cooked. The period occupied in boiling a pot of rice. A vague way of indicating time. Pang'éran, the highest title for a native on Java below the actual sovereignty of Su- suhunan, Sultan or Panëmbahan, and given to princes of the blood. It is most likely derived from Kra, bashfullmess, shamefacedness, with the prefix Pang, and suffix an. The object before whom we ought to deport ourselves with bashfulness or shamefaced- ness. The word éra does not appear in Javanese dictionaries, and may in that language have become obsolete, It has, nevertheless, the above import in the Sunda language (vide voce) and is a very common word. Pang’éran is also not unfrequently used to designate God, and as such is used as a vocative in addressing the Deity. Pang'éran Adipati, the title of the heir apparent in Java. Pang'ërok, the strike of a corn measure. A curry comb. Something to perform the act of K&rok, which see. Pang'érong, the prods or bambu skewers used in fastening on the covering along the ridge poles of a thatched house, Derived from Keérong, to wind round, as a rope twisted round two sticks, and in this case the Pang'érong holds the ropes which secure the thatch. Pang'ëurëut, a cross beam or rafter in house building. The beam running at right an- gles to the Lambaran, and binding together the two sides of a building. Panggal, a top, a childs plaything. Panggalak, the priming of a gun; the powder which rests in the pan. Liang Pangga- lak, the touch hole of a gun. Panggang, to roast before or on the fire; to roast, to grill. Panggang kotok, roast fowl, Panggangsoran, a bambu cut so as to present a sharp edge against which yams or other soft vegetables are cut up,‚ or reduced to shreds. Panggawa or Punggawa, high officers of state before the introduction of Mahomedanism. Prime ministers or deputies of the Sovereign. The word is given in MarspeN's Dic- tionary as of Javanese derivation and meaning „an officer,” „a warriour,” „a hero.” In the Tijdschrift voor Ned. Indië, 9de jaargang, 9de aflevering, year 1847, page 290, the following passage occurs, when giving a description of the „Usana Bali,” which is a popular description of the institutes of the Hindu religion on Bali. „There are in attendance upon the Prince, all his Punggawas (chiefs, who are also the stadhol- ders in the Provinces; thus on Bali, the seven other princes are the Punggawas of the Déwa Agung of Klonkong. Punegawa is correctly speaking a Bull; it is Sanserit, and thence derived to imply a Brave and Conspicuous man”— The derivation of this word is Sanserit. — Pun, Clough page 405, means, male, masculine; Gawa, Clough page 170, an ox, a bulloek, and thus a masculine animal of the cow kind =a Bulk jn reference to the superstitious regard which Hindus entertain for the bull. There are more examples of great men’s names being derived from animals. See Maisa, Kèbo, AND ENGLISH. 947 Lëmbu, Rangga. Panggawa is a title among the Dayaks of Sarawak and among the Bugis. (BRoOKE's Journal, vol. 1, page 22, page 46). Panggawa is also a title of rank on the East Coast of Borneo in the Panah Bumbu. (Tijds. voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 1858, page 948). Panggawa is also derived by some from the Javanese word Gawa, to bear, to carry, hence Panggawa is a bearer or a carrier of the orders of the sovereign, whence it also means a principal minister of state. Panggawé, a workman, a labourer, a man to do work for another. Panggöbug, a bludgeon, a stick to thrash with. Panggiling, a roller. Any contrivance to turn round as a windlass; name of the long bambu, with a short spoke through the lower end, by which, in native sea-going boats the mat sail is rolled up perpendicularly, and which can thus be partly or wholly furled or reefed, according to the wind. Panggilingan, any machine with which grinding can be done, a mill; from Giling, to grind. Panggilingan Béas, a rice mill, Panggilingan Tiwu, a sugar mill. Panggitik, a switch, a stick to strike with. Award, adjustment. Any contribution levied, literally, what is got by striking. Panggul, to carry on the shoulder, as a heavy weight. Panggulingan, the bed place of a great man. Panggung, an elevated stage; a platform; a look-out house. Panggung, high, tall. A word used towards nobles. Panghadéan, goodness, kind endeavours, kindness. Pangharángan, a place where charcoal is made. Pangharti, meaning, signification. Panghulu, a ntahomedan priest. Panghulu properly means Headman, from hulu, the head, but is restricted in Sundanese to a Headman of the mahomedan religion, a priest. On Sumatra a Panghulu means the head of a Suku or tribe; and is thus there a civil designation. On the island of Nias, on the Westcoast of Sumatra, the chief of one or more viliages is called Si-Ulu; his power is despotic and hereditary. (Tijds. voor Ned. Indie, January 1854, page 2). Panghulu tandang, a great man whom it is difficult to approach. A ringleader. Pangidëran, a revolution, a turn, the act of revolving. Pangimpian, a dream, the act of dreaming. Pangiring, a follower; suite, train. Vide dring. Pangiwa, an assistant, a petty official. A subordinate officer. It may perhaps be derived from Jwa, Clough page 71. Seent, the power of smelling at a distance after the manner of hounds. With the usual Pang prefixed, would thus imply a very useful officer in scenting out information for a Sovereign. Pangjadian, the time required for seed to come up out of the ground after planting. Pangjëpit, nippers, pincers, blacksmith’s tongs, Any contrivance for nipping or jam- ming together. A vice. 48 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Pangkalan, a place where boats stop or congregate, and consequently where a kind of market takes place. A quay, a wharf. Pangkalan China, a place where Chinese reside or stop with their trading boats and hold trade. See Mangkalan. Pangkat, rank, office, gradation. Tier, row, stage. Pangkéng, a room, an apartment shut up from public view. Pangku, to take on the lap, to cause to sit on the lap. The lap itself. See Mangku. Panglai, a plant, the root of which is much used in native doctoring. lt is the Zingi- ber gramineum. It is found growing in every village, and no native Dukun can exer- cise her calling without it. Panglaku, a messenger. A man sent to communicate the orders of the authorities. A petty village police man. Panglima, a title not used by the Sunda people among themselves, but used as applied to some other foreign native chief. In Sumatra Panglima is a Governor or Chief, a commander of forces. The word Lima means Hand in the language of the Sand- wich Islands, and in most other dialects of the Pacific, but with this acceptation has become obsolete in most of the more civilized languages of the Archipelago, particu- larly in those of Sumatra and Java, though it is retained as such, viz the hand, by the Bugis and Balinese. Lima in Malay and Sunda, as well as in most Polynesian languages means also the number ive, no doubt originally derived from the fe fingers of the Aand or the fwe toes of the foot. The gradation of rank as called after parts of the human body, may be traced also in the words Panghulu, headman, and on Bali they also use Chukurda, as a designation of rank, derived from Chukur, foot. Pangling, growing up speedily; shorting up. Said of plants or men who grow up quick. Pang'onan, a troop of deer, a herd of deer, | Pang'ot, a variety of Péso-raut, or curved knife for paring anything. Pangpang, a dead branch still attached to the tree. Pangparang, a piece of wood or bambu tied against a bambu pager so as to be able to set it up firmly. A bambu cross stick, the same as Zeger. Pangpéurëuman, to let fall any juice or liquid into the eye by way of medicament to cure its weakness. See Pèurtum. Pangrang'o, name of the conical top of the Gunung Gëdé near Buitenzorg, which con- tains the ecrater of that volcanie mountain. No satisfactory explanation can be given of its meaning, but seems to imply — uppermost pinnacle, Pangrasa, taste, feeling, opinion. Pangriyëusan, a flat stone for rubbing or grinding down any vegetable matter or curry stuff, or any medical preparation. Called also Batu giling. See Riytus. Pangsét, of a salt taste, saltish. Pangsar, name of a tree with a gum, Pang'ukuyan, what is scratched or scooped out of a hole in the ground. See Ngukui, AND ENGLISH. „49 Pangwidangan, a frame or loom for stretching anything, especially cloth which has to be embroidered. Paniti, a pin, the Portuguese word Alfinite. Panitik, a bit of steel for striking a light with a flint. Panjak, a mountebank. A man who makes grimaces. A man who goes about with every troop of Ronggéngs, and dances with them for the public amusement. A buffoon. Panjang, long, lengthy. Lè&ungan panjang, long-handed, means a thief. Sa panjang jalan, the whole length of the road; all along the road. Panjang, name of a kind of dish. A large dish of earthenware for setting out food for guests. Panjër, earnest money. An advance paid on some agreement. Panji, a title for a young nobleman, for sons of chiefs of rank. His not in use among the Sunda districts, but is heard as applied to the Javanese. Panji is a celebrated hero in Javanese romance, called also Zna-Karta-patt, and husband of Chandra Kirana. Pana, C. 385, a lamp, a lieht of any kind; life, animation; Jiwa, C. 212, life, exis- tence, beautiful, pleasing. Pana-jiwa, dropping the final wa, which is the constructive particle — Panji, the Lamp of the Soul. Panji was the son of Ami Luhur, Sovereign of Janggala, and is said to. have been killed in a war with Nusa Antara or Madura in A. Javae 927, plus 78 = A.D. 1005. (RArFrrLeEs, vol. 28, p. 94). Panon, eye, eyes. A refined expression. Panon kiat Pangéran, the eyes of the revered Pangéran. Panon poi, the eye of the day; the sun. Pansmat, a Spanish dollar; a dollar. A corruption of the Dutch expression Spaansche mat —= Spanish dollar. Pantang, forbidden, unlucky; interdicted by some superstitious custom. Pantaran, somewhat resembling, such as, the like of. Pantaran bëunang di gunung, such as you get from the mountains. This word is evidently derived from the Malay word Tara, MARSDEN 63, equal, fellow, counterpart, but Jara simply does not occur in Sunda, in this sense. Pantég, driven home; driven in as far as it can go. Fully arrived and present. Pantég kapot, the day is upon us, the day has come. Pantég, in an exceeding degree, excessively. Pantég ku hayang papanggi, IL very much long to meet him, or her. Pantës, fit, proper, becoming, graceful, neat. Manto pantès sia bogah kalakuan kitu, it is not proper that you shauld conduct yourself in that way. Maké jamang pas- mént pant?s nakër, he was very gracefully wearing a jacket with gold galoon. Panto, a small door made of split bambu; a wicket. Pantong, to drive in with a mallet; to thump in with a block of wood. Pantun, a legendary tale; a tale or narrative told by a professional story-teller, and relating to ancient times, mostly to the times when Pajajaran flourished, and of which a love story forms the stock in trade. The man tells his story in a singing and ar- 950 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE gumentative manner, accompanying himself on an instrument called a Kachapi. Tu- kang pantun, the man who tells the story of the Pantun, and is the actor on the occasion, though that consists in sitting still, playing on his Kachapi, and reciting his story. Panuduh, an accuser. A person who discloses a crime. Panuduh, the fore finger, the index finger. HExplanation, instruction. Panuhun, entreaty, solicitation. What is humbly requested. Panuilan, anything used to assist in driving any object into a hole, as a piece of wood. or iron, which being struck drives pegs of wood or nails deep into their places. A toothpick (from being used to drive meat from between the teeth). See Zuil. Panuju, a dagger, usually called péso panuju, a stabbing knife. See Tu. Panulung, aid, assistance, help. Panunggu, a guard, a watechman, a porter. A sentinel, a warder, a keeper. See Tunggu. Panutup, termination, the last of anything; any piece laid on the top of a lot. The crowning piece. A bribe given to keep a bad matter secret. Derived from Tutup, which see, Panyabrangan, a ferry, a place to cross a river at. Panyabungan, a cock-pit, a place to fight cocks. The word occurs as the name of a village on the Jambu Estate, reported in old times to have been a great place for cock-fighting. Panyakit, sickness, malady, disease. Sakit in Malay is ill, sick, diseased ;— not used in Sunda. Panyana, as IT should have thought; as I should have imagined. Panyana mohal mèu- nang, as Í should have thought he would never have got it. This word is the Sans- erit Nyana, GC. 216, or Gnyand, C. 215, wisdom, understanding, intelligence, know- ledge; religious knowledge, such as is acquired by the reading and study of the sacred books. The Sanscrit word has thus the Polynesian Pa before it, and Pa-nyana is —” the act of understanding.” Panyana kula, the act of my understanding; as Î understand it. So also may be explained the Malay word Z'ranyana, I should never have thought it; compounded of Nyana, and Zra, the short for Prada in Malay, no, not. To nyana, I should not have thought it, Panyapu, a brush to lay on paint or whitewash. Panyèupahan, the time taken to chew a quid of sturèuh. Panyëusëup, name of a handsome but small bird of a bright erimson colour, called also Aalachés. Panyiraman, a watering pot. Panyisi, on the outside, from Sisi, side; people living on the borders, and who have no influence and are looked down upen or oppressed with impunity. Papadon, a cardinal point—either due N.S. E. or West. Papadon opat, the four cardinal points. Apparently derived from Padu, to oppose, to be in opposition to. la-padu-an = Papadon. AND ENGLISH. 551 Papag, to go out to meet and to receive. To go to meet on the road a person who is coming, and then escort him to your house. This is a compliment paid to all per- sons of consequence. Papag or papagan, the bark of trees when pulled off in strips. Papaharé, side by side, emulating each other; trying who shall be first; striving with others to attain some object. Papai, to fellow the course of; to track, totrace. Chat na di papai, he followed the course of the river. Papai urut, to track a mark. Papak, level and even on the top; flat. Gèdong papak, a stone building with a flat roof. Sawah pinuh ku chat sa. papak ing galangan, the sawah was full of water, till it laid level with the ridges. Papalayëun, a kind of remonstrative expression against any one who wishes to excuse himself from doing anything. Di titah naik kalapa, papalaytun sasari bisa, you are ordered to go up the cocoa-nut-tree, for the simple reason that you are daily in the habit of doing so. Papalayon, a pleasant and harmonious sound of the gamtlan, or of people singing to musical instruments. Papaliaskën, and Pangpaliaskën, to entreat God to ward off evil; I beseach that disaster may be far from us. See Palias. Papan, a plank, a board, flooring. Papandayan, name of a mountain in the Preangër Regencies. South South East from Bandung, generally called Papan Dayang, though the correct word is Papandayan, the place of the blacksmiths, from Pandat or Pandé, a blacksmith,. Mr. Friederich has heard the mountain very distinctly called Papandayan, by the natives in its im- mediate neighbourhood, Im Kawi the word is written Pandai or Panday, of which there are more similar examples. It has been changed, in the colloquial language, into Pandé. Panda, Clough 858, is wisdom, understanding g, science, learning. Pandita, Clough 353, learned, erudite, well informed in scholastie and theological study. Black- smiths or workmen in iron have, in early ages, been looked upon as learned men, and henee in Java, till this day, a blacksmith is called a Pandé. These men well deserved the title amongst a people who, till the arrival of Hindus amongst them, knew not the use of iron, but made use of stone wedges for the purpose of cutting. A similarity of thought must have prevailed with the native when he named a vol- eanie mountain a Papandayan, or-blacksmith’s shop, as with the ancients of Europe when they applied the name Volcano to a& mountain in a state of eruption; which word is generally supposed to be derived from Vulcan, the god of subterraneous fire, who was also reputed for his skill in blacksmith’s work, in fabricating armour. Papanggungan, an elevated shed from which a prospect may be enjored; a look-out house. See Mlanggung. Paparah, to adjust, to arrange according to will or testament, and not according to tha law of Mahomet, Se) 52 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Paparon, to divide, to each take a share. From Paro, which see. Paparon lutak, to divide the mud, an expression used in sawah making, where one man owns the sawah, but having no buffaloes to plough it, gives the sawah to plough to some one who has buffaloes. When the ground has been all ploughed and rendered ft for planting, the parties divide the ground; the owner of the sawah plants his own share, and the man with the buffaloes retains the other half in payment for ploughing, and then further takes care of his own share alone. Papas, to dubb off wood with an adze. To cut and square wood with a baliyung. Papasah, separated, divided; what was lately united now put asunder. Separating on a journey, each going a different way. Papasan, to square wood, to dubb off wood with an axe or adze. Papasan, name of a running plant, which is often boiled as a greens and given to a woman after her confinement. Papatah, orders, instructions, directions, precepts. Lain papatah, that's not the way you were taught; that will never do. Papatdhna hadé, his precepts were good. Papatahan, to instruct, to give precepts, to teach, to show how to act, To warn. Kudu di papatahan éta jéléma, you must show that person what to do. Papatong, a neuropterous insect called a Horse stinger, or a Dragon fly; Libellula. A common variety is Ashna Viatica. Papatungan, see Patung, having a share with, associated, connected in business. Tra- ding together. Papayon, a roof or covering. A temporary covering. Anything set up by way of shelter. Papégon, the Chinese plough drawn by a single buffaloe. Papëlakan, whatever is planted; plantations. Papisah, separated, put apart. See Pisah and Misah. Papolah, to cook victuals, to make cooking preparations. Papotongan, anything which has been separated from something else. A piece broken off. A piece cut off. A man's wife whom he has repudiated or divorced. Paprangan, warefare, fighting, battle. Wartime. Para, of the order of, of the rank or number of. Bangsana para Raden, his race (or descent) is of the order of Radens— Para puacht, of the rank (or number) of Puachí. Para putri, princesses collectively. Vide also Paraliang below. Para becomes Poro in Javanese and is usually translated by: all, every. Parab, food, sustenance. Maun parabna, what does it feed on?, or what is its food? Parab kotok, food for fowls. Parab kuda, food for horses. Parabah, goods, chattels, property. In a collective sense: gear, tackle. A compound of Para, of the number of, and Abah, effects. Parabah dapur, kitchen traps, cook- ing pots, etc. etc. Parabah tinun, weaving gear ; all the implements necessary for weaving. Paraban, to feed, to give food to, to provide with food. Jél?ma na kudu di paraban, the men must he fed. Bies zn en a AND ENGLISH. 09 Parabot, tools, implements. Parabot tukang kayu, carpenter's tools. Apparently derived from Para, of the number of, and Mabot, heavy, = things which are heavy, implements- Habot is rarely used in Sunda, for heavy, though sometimes occuring. Parabu, and Prabu, a title given to ancient chiefs in Java, in pre-mahomedan times. Derived from Pra, Clough 430, a particle and prefix implying excess, much, very exceeding, excellence. Phu, to be, see Clough 443. Thus Pra, pre-eminent and Es Phu, to be. A master, a chief, a lord. As an adjective, strong, able. Parada, to help in difficulties. Parada, (Portuguese), tinsel. Leaf or thin plate of any metal. Paradt mas, gold tinsel. Paragan, suddenly attacked with violent stomach ache which terminates in death. The Cholera Morbus when taking off many people suddenly is called Paragan. K&bo pa- ragan, a buffaloe suddenly taken ill, which if not killed would soon die of itself. Such animals are immediately slaughtered, and the flesh is still good. Paragat, accomplished, perfected; got through. G&us paragat, we have got through the work. Parah, a ledge or kind of shelf in native houses, close up under the roof, mostly at one end. This place being out of the way of children and people in general, is used for kind of store room. Parahiang, tell you that in such places, their heathen forefathers vanished from the earth on the a proper name frequently occuring in the districts of Sunda. The natives introduction of Mahomedanism, and they derive it from Para, of the rank or number of, and Aiang, to vanish, See Priangén and Hyang. Such places may have possibly had, in former times, a Buddhist or Brahminical temple or offering place at them. The word Parahyangan is sùll current on Bali, and means a collection of temples for all the gods and for the Pitaras or ghosts of deceased mortals. See Mr. Friede- rich’s account of Bali in 22% vol of the Bat. Trans. Para in this sense is the Javanese Poro, all, every one. Parail, and Parailkën, to divide the jëkat or priest's dues among those who attend upon the services of the mosque, as the panghulu, katib, and mêërèbot. Parakan, a place in a river which has a gentle slope, and where the stones are numerous and mostly bare except in times of floods. See Marak. Parakasa, troubled, in difficulties; overworked, etc. etc.; having unnecessary annoyance: Parakasa tluyn di bawa ka sabrang, why make so much trouble by taking it across the river. Parakkën, to set to work, to superintend work. Jel?ma lamun di parakkin ku aing, mohal. to anggtus, if Í superintend those people at work, you may be sure that it will be done, Parako, the fire place in a native house. It consists of four bambus, or pieces of wood tied in a square, which is filled with earth, well rammed down, on which to light the fire, 954 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Parampang, gaping in holes, standing open. Pierced with numerous holes. Paraman, to seek out, to go for an explanation, to challenge. To dare any one. Parang, a small agricultural instrument for cutting grass, weeds or small bushes. Cal- led more commonly Arit. Parang is the usual Malay word for the implement, but still it is sometimes used in Sunda, and in confirmation of thìs idea we may instance the name of a district in South Bantam called Parang kujang, which means a parti- cular kind of Parang. See Lang. Paranggi, a man who carves kris heads. A man who ecarves wood or bone, especially for kris heads. Paranjé, a place to keep fowls in,— generally a compartment fitted up under the natives house. A sheep pen raised on posts from the ground. Parantéan, a person condemned to work in chains. A prisoner in chains. Paranti, usual, customary; for the purpose of, in order to. Paranti sasari, what is every day usual. Paranti mandi, for the purpose of bathing. Paranti narik, for the purpose of dragging. Aya paranti na, there is the necessary apparatus, or means. Parapag, drift wood in a river jammed fast. What is called a snag in the Missisippi. Parapat, cut or made into regular uniform shape; made ship shape. Regular and even. To shave the hair of the head in shape of a cross by way of punishment. Parasabën, forgiveness. Parasi, name of a jungle plant, Curculigo minor, or recurvata. Kawung parasi, a small badly erown Kawung palm, which will not give much toddy for sugar, which soon dies out. If after eating the fruit of the Parasi, a person drinks water, it has a plea- sant, sweet taste, thereby often leading people astray as to its real flavour. From this circumstance the plant may have got its name, which sounds like Sanscrit, and may be a contraction or corruption of Parastri, from Para, other, Stri, woman, and in Singhalese occurs the expression Parastri Séwana, C. 864, adulteration, fornication. Sèwand is serving. Parastri or Parasi, may therefore have the meaning of „adulteress „” from enticing the people to eat it, or to work the palm for sugar, and finding if deception. Parat, cut through; having a passage through, Liang parat, a hole with a clear pas- sage through; a hole gaping open from end to end. Parawantan, a kind of superstitious offering of cocoa nuts, sugar cane,‚ plantains etc. hung up to the ridge pole of a new house whilst building, under the idea of driving away evil spirits. Probably derived from Wanta, C. 621, destroyed or subjugated (viz the evil spirits). The natives of Ceylon have a similar custom when putting up any building. Parayoga, great and strong; substantial, well made, perfect in all its parts. Parayoga is compounded of Para, of the number or rank of, and Yoga, C. 576, religious and abstract meditation, refraining the mind from external objects, and fixing it in profound absorption. Fitness, propriety. Magic, or the acquisition of snpernatural Par AND ENGLISH. 395 powers by the mystical or magical worship of Siwa, Durga and Kartikeya etc. Pa- rayoga thus probably originally meant those who had attained celebrity by religious meditation or tapa, in Buddhist or Hindu times, and hence became used to mean anything which had attained perfection. é, paddy, Oriza sativa. Rice in the ear or husk, When ground it is called Beas, and when cooked Kéjo. The Sunda people have an idea that paddy was called Paré originally from growing up regularly to same height, and bearing fruit evenly, and thus Papaharé, side by side, emulating each other; the word was shortened into Pará, The Sunda people have a well known tradition that a time existed when their ances- tors were not acquainted with paddy, but lived on Jégéng. Paddy is either grown on irrigated lands and hence called Paré sawah, or on uplands dependent upon rain and called Paré Aumah or Paré pasir. It may be useful to subjoin a list of the varieties known at Jasinga, distinguishing the sawah from the Awmah, giving the co- lour of the rice and noting whether the ears bear awns or beards or not. The fol- lowing is a list of Paré sawah. 1 Angsana Bahëula, white, bearded. 2 Angsana lëutik, white, bearded. 8 Banténg, white, bearded. 4 Bénténg, 6 on 5 Béurëéëum gëdé, or Rabik, red, bearded. 6 5 Huis, red, 7 8 Loyor, red, bearded. 8 5 Séksék, „ zi 9 Chëré Bogor, white, beardless. 10 se Changkaruk, red, beardless, ne Gadog, red, beardless. 12 4 Kadut, white, beardless. 18 2 Malati, ge 4 14 ks B relwumos, 4 10) d Laroponss d 16 5 Prsaron an 5 17 pe Tongsan, red, beardless, a variety introduced from China; ripens in 80 or 90 days. 18 Chindé, white, bearded. 19 Chokrom, white, beardless. 20 Gajah mèënur, white, bearded. 21 Gébang, ks 5 22 Génja, de » grows quick, 23 Giliran, ge 5 24 Gimbal, An en 56 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE 25 Grogol, white, beardless. 26 Gudélan, white, bearded. 27 Kadut, white, beardless. 28 Kamuning, white, bearded. 29 Katunchar, white, beardless. 30 Këtan Bébék, white, bearded. ò1 ie Bëlëdug, white, “bearded. 82 oe Bëurëum, red. 33 5 Hidéung, black, bearded. ò4 a Huis, white, bearded. 95 4 Jayanti or Bogor, white, bearded. 86 „ _Minjangan, wlute, bearded. li ie IENEBOLN A Sp 5 38 Lampuyang, white, bearded. 99 Madura, e hd 40 Manglar, ke ze 41 Mataram, je 4 42 S&ri kuning, „ gt 43 Sikëp, 8 Nd 44 Sisit Naga, 4 ie 45 Sogléng, ) D) Now follows a list of Paré humah, which are more than three times as numerous as those growing on the sawahs: 1 Ambon, white, bearded. 2 Badigal, red, bearded, an early sort. 3 Baduyut or Léubëut, white, bearded. 4 Bagoan or Ujung Gunung, red, bearded, 5 Bangban, white, beardless. 6 Bantan or Siyut, white, bearded. 7 Banténg, white, bearded. 8 Batu, white, beardless. 9 Bëntik, white, bearded. 10 Béuntëur, red, beardless. 11 Bëéurëum Banggala, red, bearded, 12 b Barudin, red, bearded. 18 6 Gëbang, red, bearded. 14 D Jalani or Paré Maringgui, red, beardless. 15 5 Kanchana, red, beardless, 16 ie Kapundung, red, beardless. Û ls 5 Karudin, B. Bidur, B: Badui or B. Karang, all four are tho À same kind. Red, bearded. d | WE ie mi 18 19 20 21 22 28 24 AND ENGLISH. 957 Bëurëum Kéèësur, red, beardless. 5 Lopang or Pulung, red, beardless. Limar, red, beardless, much planted, Loyor, red, bearded, much planted. Manggala, red, bearded, 5) Neéngé, red, beardless, much planted. ze Pëutèëui or Baduyut, red, bearded. ES Rachik or Tiwu, red, bearded. je Randa, red, bearded, 5 Ranji, Warna, Oja, red, beardless. 5 Ronyok or Gimbal, red, bearded, A Salir or Riji, red, beardless. 5 Séréh, red, bearded, ze Séungkëk, red, beardless, Biluk, white, bearded. Birus, white, beardless, Bubuai or Bali, white, bearded, Bujaneg, white, beardless. Bunar, white, bearded. Buntut Ajag, white, bearded. Champaka, white, bearded. Chandana, white, beardless. Chauk, white, bearded. Chèëré Bèuréëum, red, beardless. „ _Kalapa, white, beardless, 5 Malati, white, beardless. an Pingping Kasir, white, beardless. AA Ratus, white, beardless. de Satak, red, beardless. Chindé, white, bearded. Chokrom, white, beardless. D&lës, white, bearded. Dirah, white, bearded, Gadog or Gintung, black, bearded. Gajah Ménur, white, bearded, Gajah Puléën, white, bearded. Gandréng or Kolélét, white, beardless, Gimbal, white, bearded. Gumang, red, beardless. Gundét, white, beardless, GO Hapit, red, beardless, grains grow together in twos and threes. A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Injuk, white, bearded. Jalawara, white, bearded. Jambon, white, bearded. Jambu, wite, bearded. white, beardless. Jampang, Jëruk, white, beardless. Kadaka, white, bearded. Katunchar, white, bearded. Kawalu, yellow, beardless, a peculiar kind planted by the Badui of Bantam. Këtan Asmara, red, bearded. ij Péndok, Banténg or Smut Lutang, white, bearded. Béurëum, red, bearded. Buntut Kuda, white, bearded. Buntut Ayiruan, white, bearded. Chëuri, white, beardless. Chikur or Nangka, red, beardless. Hidéung, black, beardless, Huis, white, bearded. Jaléha or Salasi, white, bearded. Jalupang, white, bearded, Kérud, white, bearded. Kidang, white, bearded. Loyor, white, bearded. Padi laki or Poho di laki, white, bearded. white, bearded. Ruyung, white, bearded, Paja, red, beardless. Salompét, white, bearded. A Tigaron or Kasumba, white, beardless. Kéuyéup, white, bearded. Kidang, Koas, Konéng, Konyal, Léndi, Lilitan, Lopang, ) Lulut, Malaman, 1 1 7 white, beardless. 3) 2) AND ENGLISH. Mandala, white, bearded. Manjara, white, bearded. Marah, white, bearded, Marukan or Langkap, red, bearded. Mas or Golden, white, bearded, Mayang, white, beardless. Mayangan, white, bearded. Mayor, white, bearded. Ménténg, white, beardless. Minyan, white, bearded. Mohong, white, bearded. Molog, red, bearded. Munding; white, bearded. Naga wuling= Black Dragon, white, beardless. Nandi, white, beardless. Negaléng, white, beardless. Nurun, white, bearded, Odéng or Marukan, white, beardless. Pandak, white, bearded. Pëéndok, Mèëgai or Kokod, white, beardless. Péutëui, white, bearded. Pëéutéui léubëut, white, bearded. Pichung, white, beardless. Rachik, white, bearded. Rajah Pamuna, all the Invocations, red, beardless, Raja Sana, white, bearded. Rogol or Munchang, white, beardless. Rumbai, white, beardless. Ruyuk, white, beardless. Sabagi, white, bearded. Salak., white, bearded. Salak eharang or Salak madur, white, bearded, Salak Gading, white, bearded. Samarang, white, bearded, Sampang hurang, white, bearded. Sancha, white, bearded. Séréh, white, bearded. Séréh Pëèndok, white, hbearded, Sëupa, white, beardless. Sikulan, white, beardless. 960 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE 188 Singgul, white, bearded. 139 Sisit Naga, Dragon's Scales, white, beardless. 140 Sondo, white, beardless. 141 Tamblëg, red, beardless. 142 Tanjung, white, beardless. 148 Tanggai, white, beardless. 144 Tanggai lopang, white, beardless. 145 Timbun, white, bearded. 146 Tundun, white, bearded. 147 Tunggul, white, bearded. 148 Wahangan, white, bearded. 149 Walén, white, bearded. 150 Wasiyat or Changkaruk, black, bearded. Paréksa, to examine, to investigate, to enquire,to search, Préksha,C. 450, from Pra, before Aksha, to see. Intellect, understanding; viewing, looking, observing Do o Parikshawa, C. 866, from Pari, intense, Iksha, to see. Searching, trying, examin- seeing. ation, investigation, test, trial, experiment. Préksa-an, investigation, inquiry, examination. Parémpéng, name of a small tree, Croton laevifolium. Parëndang, the rainy season, say from about Nov. till March. Paréng, agreeable, conceded; willing, granted. Lamun parëng, hayang ménta ngalutang, if it is agreeable, IT would wish to buy on credit. Paréngpéng, name of atree in young jungle, Croton laevifolium. The same as Parémpéng. Paréngréngan, by mutual consent or general agreement. Said when several authori- ties agree upon a line of conduct or decision. Paréntah, order, command, direction, injunction. Authority, government. Agëkél pa- réntdh, to be endowed with authority. To hold sway. Parérédan, a sledge. A conveyance consisting of a wooden or bambu frame dragged along the ground, on which anything can be loaded, as paddy or the like. Derived from Séréd, which see. Parëum, extinguished, put out. Blocked up, discontinued. Damar na partum, his torch has gone out. Jalan na partum, that road is blocked up; no longer used; impassable. Pari, the ray-fish; —its skin is very rough, and when dried is used for rasps. Pari, a variety of Manggah so called. Pari, viz Chandi Pari. The Pari temples in the delta of Sourabaya, three pauls W. N. W. from Porong. They are built of brick. Pari, C. 889, one not having known a woman; a quantity of water; a water jar. Pari, C. 865, homage, respect; orna- ment, If the first meaning be adopted, they might be temples of Buddhist priests, who are devoted to celebacy. Or they may he homage-temples, or temples which are an ornament of the land. f d À AND ENGLISH. 961 Paria, a eucurbitous liane giving a fruit with bitter taste, and covered with short stumpy knobs. Momordica Charantia. Paribasah, an expression; a method of expressing oneself. A maxim, a saying. Part- bhasa, C. 368, play, sport, amusement; a grammatical maxim given as a summary explanation of certain rules of grammar: (in medicine) Prognosis. Parigël, suitable, fit, proper, becoming, appropriate. Parigëlkëén, to put in order; to set to rights; to arrange matters. Parigi, a ditch, a trench, either deep or shallow. A fosse dug round a house, or round any enclobure, with a view to using it as a defence or means of defence. Parikha, C. 366, from Pari round, Kha, to dig,—a moat, a trench, a ditch round a fort. Parihatin, careful; paying proper attention to all requirements. Parit, to wind a running string round any fence work; to interlace pieces of wood or bambu, but not to knot each stick separately. Paro, part, portion. To divide. Kudu di paro ma, you must divide by five, only take on fifth. See Saparo and Paparon. Parol, to gather fruit by drawing the branch or stem through the hand, so that the fruit drops off. To strip off rough!y. Kopt na ulah di parol, do not pull the coffee off roughly. Parrai, name of a small but plentiful fish, in stagnant water, in swamps or small streams, seldom above a couple of inches long. Leuciscus Argyrotacnia. Ki-parrai, name of a tree, Lepisanthes montana. Parsi, Persian. Kuda Parsi, a Persian horse. Parud, to rasp, to reduce by filing. Parudan, a bit of plank set with fine spikes, on with cocoa nut is rubbed down to fine shreds. A fine rasp. Parung, a place in a river where the water has a long and gradual but rapid fali over a rough bottom. When over a smooth bottom it is called Bantar. Parungpung, the hollow in the stem of a tree. Any hollow in a growing tree. Parut, paid off, discharged in full —as a debt. Pas, a passport. The Dutch word Pas, a passport. Pas, occurs only in Jalan pas, said of a horse which is running ata peculiar pace, where by it moves both legs on one side, at same time. The word Pas is most likely of Portuguese origin. The „Jalan pas” is a very easy pace for the rider, as the jolting of the usual Furopean galop or canter is avoided, and the rider sits comfortably and moves quickly. Pasah, a plane; a carpenter’s tool for smoothing wood. Pasal, the Arabic Fasal, article, section, paragraph, subdivision of a writing. Pasalisihan, missing each other, not meeting in consequence of travelling somewhat different routes. In Malay Sélisih, MARSDEN 178, to differ, to vary from, to beat variance, Difference (in quality or in opinion). 8 46 962 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Pasang, a pair, a couple. Sa pasang, one pair. Dua pasang, two pairs. Pasang, the wild oaks or Querci, on the mountains, generally go by this name of Pasang. There are several varieties, but the Quercus Robur, or common oak of Europe is not among the number, and none of them have indented leaves like it, but bear a- corns in great abundance and variety of size and shape. Pasang, the flood tide, the advancing tide. Laut Cukèur pasang, the tide of the sea is setting in. Pasang, to apply, to put in motion or in use. To join together ; to set up, as machinery or the like. To lay bricks, to build them up. Panggilingan tachan di pasang, he has not yet set up his mill, To yoke a buffaloe or horse. A&bo görrah di pasang, look sharp and put to the buffaloe (to the cart or plough). Pasang bandéra, to hoist a flag. Pasang omong, to join in conversation. Pasang Batu, name of a tree on the mountains, Lithocarpus Javensis. Pasangan, a yoke, a piece of wood laid over the necks of two buffaloes when yoked for use. The one which is the fellow; the pair; the match — of something else. Pasangan, auxiliary marks on Javanese letters. Grammatical offices. Sanga, C. 695/6, derived from Sum, a particle and prefix implying union, with, together, (as a pre- fix it corresponds to Co, Con, Com ete.) and Gna, to know, name, appellation, sign. The technical name of any grammatical affix. To this Sanga are added the Polyne- slan prefix Pa and postfix an = Pasangan, something where with to make a union. A uniting mark. Pasangrahan, a resthouse. A house built for the accommodation of government ser- vants or travellers. The word Sangrah does not occur in Sunda, but would appear to mean: refreshment, or something of the kind, and thus Pasangrahan, is a place of refreshment. Such Pasangrahans serve as a kind of inn often in the interior, but all they afford without previous notice is only shelter. Pasantrén, a place for Santris, thus in some sense a school, an academy. Pasar, the Arabie Badzar, MARrsprN 211, a Bazar, a regularly eonstituted market, a know ledged by government, held usually once a week, and in same populous places twice a week. Formerly all pasars paid market dues; each person coming within the the limits of the pasar, with anything to sell, was subject to atax. This tax at length became, on the government lands, so great a means of extortion, in the hands of Chinese farmers, that the government abolished the tax in a great measure in 1852, on lands subject to their own immediate controul. Paséa, to fight, to quarrel, to dispute, to wrangle. Paséban, an open audience hall before the dwelling of every native chief, see Séba. An open hall for people to collect in and await the orders of the chiefs. CrAWFURD gives Séwa, Sanscrit, to appear before a superior. Séwa, C. 764, to serve, service; worship, homage,— and thus the place of homage, where the people may pay their respects to their chief, AND ENGLISH, 963 Pasëk, firm, hard, compact; having consistency; fitting tight, Pasëmon, like, resembling. Pasër, an arrow shot from a blowpipe; now a days used only by children to kill birds. Pasétran, a place for exposing the dead, according to the ancient practice of the Ja- vanese, CRAWFURD. Pasëuk, a prod, a wooden pin; a peg. Pasi, a small piece of anything; a half or part of, a slice. A clove of fruit, said espe- cially of a fruit; a segment cut of a round fruit. Pasingkën, to separate, to put apart or asunder. Pasini, conversation, verbal agreement, talk, saying. Zo nyaho di pasint na, L do not know what talk has been had about it. Pasinikën, to talk over a matter; to arrange by conversation. Pasir, a hill, a ridge, something less than a mountain. This word seems to be derived from Pa, the usual prefix, and Sir, the noise made by wind passing over a hill, or past any obstacle. Paré pastr, upland paddy, such as is grown on Pasirs, Pasisir, the country lying along the sea coast; apparently derived from Sisi, which see, but this still leaves the final J® unaccounted for. See Palisir, bed hangings, probably from the air playing amongst them. Pasmat, a contraction of the Dutch words Spaansche Mat = Spanish dollar, which ought to certain 8709 grains of silver, and be of the sterling value of 4/83, The old Spanish pillar dollar is much used as a standard in weighing and estimating the value of both silver and gold. Pasmént, galoon, gold or silver lace, Passement, in Dutch, galoon,. Jamang pasment mas, a jacket with gold galoon. Paso, a large earthenware vessel for holding water, such as an infant is bathed in. A bathing tub. Pasti, indeed, certainly, undoubtedly, assuredly. A term of strong asseveration. Pastikëén, to make certain, to assure, To determine. Pasuliwër, denotes the movements of people in a crowd, as in acrowded market. Pas- sing and repassing in all directions. Pasumbon, the touchhole of a gun, or other instrument to be fired off, Derived from Sumbu, which see. Pasung, a variety of Kuéh or pastry made of rice flour and put up in leaves. Pasurandog, met, encountered, come in contact with, clashed. Pasuruhan, name of a Residency at the Hast end of Java; meaning literally: aboun- ding in Sëuréuh, or in Javanese Suruh, Betle. Pat, the idiomatic expression of being cut off even with something else, of having equality or evenness in some shape, Sapat, cut through. Evenness of scales when weighing. Pat bat matang, it is exactly level (said of scales). Patah, vide Ariya Damar, 564 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Patahunan, a yearly occupation, from Z'ahun, a year. This name is given to the yearly cultivation of paddy. To bogah patahunan, Ï have got no yearly occupation, — which means that the man does not plant paddy. Patakar—patékér, walking gently on tiptoes, Said most of animals which often set down a small pointed foot in walking, making a rapping noise in so doing. Patala, seven imaginary spheres below the surface of the earth, or the infernal regious of the Hindu mythology. The word occurs in Pantuns. See Sapatala. Patala, C. 383, the regions below, the abode of the Nagas or serpent race. The infernal regions under the earth; hell; an abyss. (Also seven celestial spheres. N.). Patangkapan, a trap set for a wild beast. A rattrap, a snare, Patapa-an, a place for Tapa or penance. See Tapa. Patat, a scitameneous plant with broad long leaves, which are much used for tying up articles, in same way as we would often use brown paper. | Patëran, a mud hole or bogey place where a horse or buffaloe gets stuck fast. A bad place on a road where a cart sticks fast in the mud. See Tipatèr. Patëéëuh, seriously sprained. Broken as a bone of the body of man or beast. K®bo pa- (tuh, a buffaloe with a badly sprained leg, or broken leg. Pati, name of the chief place in the Residency of Japara. Pati, particularly, to any extent or degree, To pati hadé, it is not particularly good To pati luhur, it is not particularly high. The word generally occurs after the ne- gative to or hanto. To pati, not particularly. Pati, a sort of prime minister of a native Regent. The man who actually does the official work. Pati, C. 855 and 383, a master, a lord, a husband. In this sense it helps to form many proper names, as: Adipati, Bupati, Senapati, etc. etc. Pati, Death. Oeccurs in a form of incantation, and is there said to denote the NortA, See Sëri. Patik, a small adze. The same as the Javanese Pütél. Patimah, the daughter of Mahomet, and wife of Ali. Fatima. Patma, the Lotus, more usually called Faraté. Occurs sometimes in proper names. Patma, C. 857, and Padma, C. 358, the Lotus. Patri, solder, to solder, borax. Patara, C. 854, anything which diffuses itself, as water etc., powder, any pulverized substance, Our Sunda and the Malay word Patari, MARSDEN 215, appear to be Patarayi, with yi added to give it a verbal form. Patuha, name of a mountain in the Préangër Regencies, forming part of the Bréng-bréng range, south of Bandung and thus towards the South coast‚ The word has no mea- ning in Sunda, and may perhaps be a slieht modification of the word Patuka, C. 883, the declivity of a mountain, a precipice; falling, descending. The last consonant K has been elided and an aspirate put in its place. Or it may be derived from Patha C. 883, the sun, fire. MHuwa, C. 797, a sound of calling, hallo, the same as Hu, C. 797, a partiele of shouting or halloing, — elided into Pathuwa, a roaring or bellowing fire, which would answer very well for an active volcano, AND ENGLISH. 365 Patuk, the beak, the bill of a bird. Patuk manuk, literally birds bill; name of a plant; Modecca Macrophylla. Patulayah, lying in confusion, heads of some one way, and feet of others the reserve. In all directions. Patung, in partnership, associated. Dit patung, to divide equally, each to have a fair share. 3, Patut, right, just, proper, fitting, suitable, becoming. See Jut. Patutkën, to make a fair arrangement or award, to adjust. To compromise; to put in order. To make to fit; to adapt. Pauk, di pauk, to deceive, to cheat, to mislead, to do out of. Name of a bird, Pauk-pauk, some undefined, indefinite spot at a distance. A distant place not exactly ascertained. Zo nyaho di pduk-pauk na, I have no idea where it is to be found, I don’t know where to look for it. Paul, a light blue colour,— called in Malay Beru. Paut, to pull out the hair straight; to disentangle and make straight any hairy or grassy matter. Kwmis na di pautan, his mustachioes he kept stretching out, or stroking out. Paré na mémeh di gedéng kudu di pautan, before tying up the paddy in bundles, you must slough off the superfluous straw. See Pamautan. Pawarane, the wife of a nobleman. A wife of rank. A consort. 5) Pawitan, capital, something to begin with. The first wife. The first child. The ety- mology of this word may be Witta, C. 646, thing, substance, wealth, riches, pro- perty, gain; acquirement. Pa-witta-an, what becomes riches or gain, as natives look upon their children as a source of wealth. Wit in Javanese means a tree, a plant, a stem, a beginning, origin, and in this sense Pa-wit-an might be the stem, or a genealogical tree, — something to begin with with, capital. Pawiwirang, fine for breach of promise of marriage. Derived from the Javanese word 3, Wirang, shame, modesty, thus a fine to cover the shame of the disappointed party. Payah, suffering severely; being hard punished; being in indigent circumstances; badly used; hard up, distressed. Payang, as di payang, to bear up a raft in a river or in water by men walking or swimming with it. Payilah, famine, hunger. The season of scarcity. Payingan, assuredly, there's no wonder, that is a natural consequence. Payingan sia masakat, lamun to dark di gaw, there is no wonder that you are poor, if you will not work. Payogya-an, what is suitable, fit, or proper, becoming. Payogya-an patuhunan, cer- tain indices of the seasons of the year observed by the humah makers, viz the flower- ing of certain plants. Yogya, C. 577, suitable, fit, proper, becoming; a calculator of expedients. A vehicle, or any conveyance. Payu, sold, saleable, disposed of. To pass current. Paré na payu, the paddy is sale- able, or has been sold out, Musim payu bees, in the season when rice can be sold, To payu omong sia, what you say wili not pass current. „66 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Payung, an umbrella, a parasol. Payungan, to screen with an umbrella, as a state umbrella held over a great man. To hold an umbrella over the bier on which a dead person is being carried to the grave. Payus, (difficult to translate). It indicates certain transactions between three parties, as if A owes B, and B owes OC. A is ordered to play direct to C which is called Payus. If a man has two pieces of land or sawah on each side of a third bit, and the third is coveted to form one compact whole, that is also called Payus. Péchak, one eyed; blind of one eye. Péchat and Pëéchatan, to loosen cattle from work, from the plough or cart, Pëchat-sawad, literally, loosening the yoke band, viz indicating about 9 o’cloek A. M. year when the cattle are released from ploughing. Pächëklik, dearth of food, famine. Musùm pichtklik, the season of dearth, occurs every year during the few months previous to cutting the new crop of paddy. Pëéching, a slip of bambu, or bit of stick, with a piece of rag or bit of cotton, which is soaked in urine, tied round the end of it; or a little hair of the human head stuck in a eleft at the top. These sticks so prepared are stuck in round about a humah or paddy plantation, under the idea that where they stand, no wild swine will pass. Pëöchuk, a large web-footed water bird, with long neck and of black colour. Pëéchut, a whip. Pechutan, to whip, to drive by whipping. Péda, a small sea-fish, generally about four inches long, preserved in brine (like herring) and much carried inland. It is the Kémbungy fish so preserved. Pédah, for the reason that, seeing that; in order to give pleasure, to make matters easy. Jalan gödé di hadéan aya pédah na, when the great road is made, it can easily be travelled over, it will facilitate communication. Pédah sta to bogah aytunah sia di béré, seeing that you have not got any, Í will now give you some, 1 will make matters easy by now giving you some. Pëédang, a sword The etymon of this word appears to be Dang, which, however, does not occur simply in Sunda, and perhaps means curved, bent; it is heard in the word Niyjungkadang, eurved like a scimetar. In the Malay of Batavia and in Javanese, Dangdang is the name of a tall cylindrical copper rice pot, called in Sunda Sé-éng, and convers fully the meaning of something curved in circle. Pëédati, a cart, a buffaloe cart. Pédés, pepper, common black pepper, Piper nigrum. Of a peppery taste. Pédés putih, white pepper, which is only black pepper blanched. Pégat, broken, as a string; snapped asunder, as a rope. Dissevered, Divorced. See pipègatan. Pégo, inarticulate in speech. Speaking indistinctly. Pëéjël, stiff and firm; adhesive and bad to cut; said of earth which resists the cuts of a pachul, Suid of stiff clay which sticks to the pachul when worked amongst. AND ENGLISIL 367 Péjét, a speckled fowl, white and black. Pëkih, arabic: a high priest; aman well versed in the Mahomedan religion, A Mahomedan high priest attached to the old court of Bantam; an official of this designation is still consulted in some of the native law courts in Bantam. Pékir, arabic: a man well versed in the Mahomedan religion. A theologian. Pékir masakat, the poor theologian, a man who stadies the Mahomedan religion, but being poor is forced to beg. A religious mendicant. Pëélak, to plant, to put into the ground. Pélak guriang (vide voce) said of fruit trees and bambus found growing wild in the forests and mountains. Planted by the moun- tain spirits. Pélëékat, instructions, mandates, precepts, behests. (From the Dutch plakaat, publica- tion, notification). Pélékatan, to give instructions or precepts, to issue behests. Pélém, pleasant and luscious to the taste. Anything which is grateful to the taste, neither too dry nor too moist, as for instance ripe fruits, or well savoured meat. Pélén, entire, ungelded,— is usually applied to buffaloes or bulls. A®bo pèlén, an en- tire buffaloe. Pélëpës, said of seed-paddy which will not come up, being either too old, or from having laid piled in large heaps by sweating has lost its power of vegetation. Said of a fire when burning off jungle, which has subsided or is dying out. Pélér, the penis,— used as a word of insult. Pëlés, the Dutch flesch, a flask bottle, a case bottle; square bottles, such as gin is imported in. Pélét, the wood naturally mottled black and white, and which is in great request for kris sheaths. It is procured from the Tangkélé tree. Péëlit, deceiving, fraudulent. Acting contrary to promise. Pèlkara, same as Pëäërkara, which see. Pélla, viz Hoih pélla, name of a variety of rattan. Makes good lashings when split up, and much used in house building. Pélor, a ball, a bullet, for cannon or gun. Pelouro, (Portuguese), a ball. Péluh, imbecile, wanting in manly force. Non potest feminam subire. Péluk, to hug, to clasp, to embrace, to hold in the arms. The idiomatie word Luk, a bending, with the prefix Pa, made short Pé = Pëèluk, a bending or embrace (of the arms). Pélus, a very long and thin gourd, about a couple of feet long. Pémpëèëurëéëuman, an involuntary twinkling of the eye. Pémpuhunan, the place in a paddy plantation, either in sawahs or in humahs, where the first paddy is transplanted in a sawah, or the first grain dropped in a humah, which is done with many superstitious observances. The Pèmpulunan consists of the twigs of several various trees, which are considered emblematie of healthy erowth, The etymon of the word is from Puhu, the lower stump of a tree, hence Puhu-an 368 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE = Puhun or Puhon, which in Malay means a tree. Our Sunda word with Pém — before, and an after the word makes Pèmpukhunan, that which answers for a tree, and is thus emblematic of the future paddy stems. Pëéndak, met, encountered, jumped with. Péndém, to bury in the earth, to secrete by burying. To throw down into a hole in the ground. To thrust into any place out of sight. | Péndëéng, to shut off by an enclosure, to fence off. A division in a house forming a room or rooms. Péndëéutan, to shut ep, to close, to block up. Chat na glus di pindëut, the water has been shut off. Pendéutan lawang na, shut the door. Pénding, an ornamented plate of gold or silver, embossed with various devices, and forming the clasp of a belt or girdle worn mostly by women, round the waist, the pénding or clasp being placed right in front, Pëéndok, a silver or gold kris sheath, made to pass over the sheath of wood, Péng'ék, holding the nose shut with the fingers, pinching the nose so as not to be able to smell. Péngging, visa Ratu Pèéngging, see Andaya ning Rat. Péngki, a shallow wattled bambu basket, two of which are suspended, one to each end of a pole, and carried across the shoulder for the purpose of removing earth or any other objects. Péngkolan, a bend, a turn, especially in a watercourse, or in a road. Péngpëék, to stop up, to shut up, as a sluicegate in a canal, or a hole in a fence etc. Péngpélangan, the inner side of the thighs. Pénna, a European’'s pen for writing; a pen made of a goose quill. Pénta, the same as ménta, to ask. Assumes this form after the preposition di. Di pénta to di béré, when asked for, it was not given. Péntang, to stretch out a fresh hide with pieces of stick in order to dry it. To cut a fresh hide in strips for making rope and hanging the same out in the sun to dry, stretched from tree to tree. To distend; to stretch out. To tie up a man who is to be flogged to a frame work, so that he cannot move. Péntil, small sprouts setting for fruit. Any small fruit when first forming from the flower. The nipples of a woman's breast. Pényakit or Panyakit, sickness, disease. Pênyakit bongsor, the small pox. Pènya- kit muriang, the fever. Péot, shrivelled up, gone down asa swelling; very lean and poor; nothing but skin and bone. Pépanting, a kind of wasp. Pépantér, a small worm or grub which attacks and eats the tender leaves of growing paddy. Péparém, any medicinal warm or pungent preparation rubbed on the body externally. Pépéd, to eut and collect stray heads of paddy which have been broken or injured, and cannot be reaped with the straw to tie up in the usual way. AND ENGLISH. 969 Pépéd, blunted, worn out by use; the sharp edge gone. Pépëdan, said of the fruit stem of the Kawung palm which has been cut and tapped so long for sugar, that said stem is off even with the trunk of the tree, and will give no more toddy. Pépëögatan, divorced,—literally snapped asunder like a rope which breaks. See Pégat. Pépéh, said of any iron instrument, especially a bëdog or arit, which ís heated in the fire, in order to be repaired, or the edge mended. To repair any old iron or other tool by putting a new edge on it. Pépéndéëman, anything which is hidden in the ground. Hidden treasure. See Péndém. Pépëésék, to tear in shreds; to tear in pieces. Pépét, the fin of a fish. Pépéték, name of a small fish taken in the sea, dried an carried inland for sale. Equula in several species, Pépéték, usually called Orai pipéték, otherwise called Maphap, which is a small flying lizard, and no Orai or snake at all. Pëépéték, the name of the pieces of wood inserted into two planks which have to be rab- beted together, and are buried out of sight when the planks are joined together. Pér, a prefixed particle in the formation of derivative nouns. Pérah, the handle of any instrument; the wooden or bone handle adapted to any instru- ment or tool. Pérah bédog, the handle of a chopper. Pérah tatah, the handle of a chisel. Pérahan, to put a handle to any instrument. Pérailkén, to divide fairly; to apportion anything as well as Jëkat. See Parail. Pérak, silver. Wang pérak, silver money. Di lopak ku pérak, it is plated with silver. Péranakan, any person or animal of a cross breed. From the etymon anak, child, offspring. P&ranakan China, a half cast chinaman, a chinaman born in Java, and thus of a mother not genuine chinese, or come from China. Kuda ptranakan Parsi, a horse of Persian cross breed. Pérang, withered up and dead. Seorched up by the sun. Pérangkat, a set, an assortment. Sa pérangkat kanching, a set of buttons. When worn at the wrists, the set is nine buttons on each wrist. Waistcoat or jacket but- tons ought properly to be the same number of 18, but is really seldom half of that quantity. Pérapat, a fourth part, a quarter. Zilw pêrapat, three quarters. Opat is the Sunda for four, modified in this case into Apat=përapat. The Pér is probably a modi- fication of Paro, to divide, division, share. Pérchaya, to believe, to trust, to confide in. Ch'haya, C. 203, radiance, beauty, ‘ splendour, lustre, — with the Polynesian Per before it, giving it a verbal form; to have lustre, or light, where matters are clearly seen. Përchumah, of no avail, useless, helpless. More usually simply Chumah, which see. Gratis, for nothing. 41 970 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Pérdah, the handle for the Baliyung or native axe, being a straight shaft with a natur- ally turned up end, upon which the iron axe is lashed with thongs of hide, having a long round tapering head for that purpose. Pérduli, arabie, also Paduli; properly Fadluli, MARSDEN 208, To care for, to be concerned about; meddling. Zo pèrduli, I don’t care for that. Zo di pêrduli, he does not care about it, he neglects it. Pérëba, sort, variety. Pëérëbu, the same as Parabu, which see. Pérékan, a concubine, a woman kept in addition to the four lawfull wives allowed by Mahomedan law. Pérélék, to let grain fall in continuous shower, but in small quantities at atime. Said especially of rice putting into a measure, allowing any small grains to fall lightly, as into a gantang, in order not to give too much. Pérëlu, necessary, indispensable, obligatory. A necessary obligation; what is absolutely necessary. Pérèlu kudu di twrutkèn, it is obligatory that he should be obeyed. Peredl and ferudlu. Arabie, MARSDEN 207, obligatory observances (by divine institution). Péréng, name of a ficus variety with multitudinous small seeds all over the stem, Ficus Ribes. Përés, to squeeze out water from a cloth, to wring out. To milk a cow. The word sounds like the English press in press out, In Malay it is Preah, with same meaning as the Sunda Prés. See MARSDEN p. 221. Pérëték, steep and rugged; said of a road or way which is very bad and almost im- passable from its steepness. Péri, Persian, a fairy; a class of supernatural beings residing upon earth but invisible, whose nature is beneficent. Përih, same as Prih, auxious in endeavours. Striving. Pëérjanjian, agreement, bargain, contract, treaty, convention. Përkara, eircumstance, affair, thing; kind; section, head. A case in court or referred to some one for adjudication. An action, a suit. Occurrence. This word is probably derived from the Polynesian Pèr, and Kara, a form which the verb Karanawa assu- mes. Karanawa, C. 108, to do,to act, to make, also Karana, C. 108, anact, an action, business, occupation. This word would thus be formed with a Polynesian Pèr in the same way as the word Perchaya, or the Malay word Pèrmana, MARSDEN 220, measure, rate, derived from Mana, C. 586, a measure in general, whether of weight, length or capacity. Pérapat, a quarter from Pèr and Opat four; Pérampuan, in Malay a woman from Pèér and Ambuwa, C, 44, a wife. Përkutut, a variety of small wild dove which the natives are very fond of keeping cages, under the idea that they will bring luck. These doves when they coo cheer- fully, and are supposed to turn themselves towards the house of the owner when so doing, often command great prices. Columba Bantamensis, Quere is the etymon of this word Katut? going along with, accompanying — in death. See Japati. AND ENGLISH. ol Përlénté, a coxcomb, a dandy; showing airs. The pride of adolescence _Dissolute, debauched. Pérmasuri, a queen consort, a royal female. Pér and Zswari, C. 78, the wife of Siwa, otherwise named Lakshmi, Durga or Saraswati. The letter m has been intercalated between Pèr and Zswari, for the sake of euphony. Pérnah, and Pérnahkën, to make arrangements for, to accommodate; to show respect to. Përniti, neat and decent in dress. Perhaps from Nita, C. 836, well behaved, modest, humble, obedient, or Mitt, C. 336, guiding, directing, leading. Përsagi, square, a cube; at right angles. Sagi, however, is not only square, that is four sìided, but may imply any indefinite number of sides, as tiga pèrsagi, ampat pèr- sagi, Uma pèrsagi, three, four or five sided, Pés, the idiomatic expression of a candle, light or fire going out. Damar na pis bai pa- rèum, the candle blew out, or became extinguished. Pésék, flat nosed; having a small flat nose. Pësék, to tear in shreds; to split up into a small pieces. To tease out. Pésian, to take the skin off a fruit, to peel. Peésian kanas, to peel a pine-apple, which is done by cutting off all the outer rind and eyelets. Pésing, smelling of urine, stinking of piss. Péso, a knife. Péso chukur, a shaving knife, a razor. Péso raut, a whittling knife, to pare rattan with. Peéso t&undtut, a dagger. Peéso penuju, a kind of dagger, a poignard, from Juju. Péstol, European, a pistol. Péëta, arrangements made preparatory to any work or operation, a basis for working on. A sure footing. A place to stand on. Kudu bogah pèta, you ought to make arran- gements. Art turun ka jro kawa kudu ngilikën pèta, if you descend into a crater, you ought to look out for standing places, or places to rest on. Pétak, a garden bed; a bed of anything planted. Pétakëén, to make arrangements for commencing work. To make dispositions. Pétangan, divination; finding out lost goods by necromancy. Pétét, a seedling plant, any small plant raised from seed. Offspring. Péti, a box, a trunk, a chest. Petta, C. 417, a basket, a box, a trunk, a coffer. Péti wang, a money box. Péti blusi, an iron chest. Pétis, a mixture of sugar, salt, délan or trasi, and chabé, with a little water, and used as a sauce with green unripe fruit. Pétor, Portuguese feitor, a factor, a superintendent of trade; the chief European at a subordinate settlement, On Java it often means the resident or chief civil authority. Pétot, any fruit which is not full formed, not well developed, thus stunted, and in this sense is sometimes applied to animals which are poor and small. Pétot, to pick out. To disengage or disentangle anything from a place where it is fixed. Evidently the same etymon as Zut, which has been in this instance contracted into Oi A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Tot with the prefix Pa or Pé. Indeed the word is sometimes heard pronounced Pétut. Pëuchang, a diminutive deer about 6 or 8 inches high, with prominent bright goggle eyes. The animal is only 8 or 10 inches long. The body is of a darkish brown, and the breast bears some peculiar black and white stripes. The péuchang never has any horns, and is very active. Called in Malay Kanchil. ‘Tragulus kanchil. Péu-éung, the toddy drawn from the Kawung palm, and much drunk by the Badu: people in South Bantam. Dee Wayu. Péuhëéur, having an astringent and sourish taste; harsh to the taste, nearly the same as K&séd. Ki-ptuhlur, name of a tree, see voce. Péuhpëéur, to lop the branches off trees which have been felled, in order that they may dry quickly, and then lie close together, so as to burn well. This done espe- cially in the humahs. Pëujit, the guts, the entrails. Pëuuchit, to cut the throat, to kill an animal for food, To slaughter. Péundëéut, and Péundèëutan, to shut, to close. Pèundutan lawang na, shut the door. Péungkëéur, firm, not soft, hard. Said of the consistence of boiled rice which is not watery. Consistent. Pëéupéuh, to strike, to knock, to hit. Péupëus, broken, smashed as an egg, a plate, a cup or other light material. Burst; to come to a termination, to have an issue. Zndog na pluptus, the egg is broken, Pinggang na pluptus, the cup was broken. Bisul na pluptus, the bril has burst. Said of an unpleasant event which has come to a crisis, which has blown over. Pèrkara na ptuptus, the suit or action has come to a termination, Pëéëupéuskëén, to smash, to break in atoms, to burst open. Péupéutéëuyan, the round muscle of the upper arm ,— as if it resembled the Péutëui fruit. Péupéuting, as Sa pëupëuting, the whole night through. The dualization of the first syllable of the word Péuting, night;— implies continuity. Péurah, the spittle or saliva of snakes; at least such is the meaning given to certain frothy secretions found sometimes on plants in the jungle, and which is very mali- gnant if it gets into any wound or sore. Péuréuh, water or medicament dropped into the eye. Some particular trees are known for their good qualities, and when fresh cut‚ their juice is let drop into the eye;— this is Péuréuh. Pëéëurëuhan, to drop water into the eye; —see Pèurëuh. Péurëéum, eyes shut; eyelids closed; sometimes blind, but then the lids must be closed, otherwise the blindness in called Lolong, which see. Pëuréup, the clenched fist, Pëéurëus, sore, smarting when touched. Chafed, as any part of the body. Suku na pèurtus, his foot is sore, Plurtus ka na awak, having a sore feel to the body. Péuréut, to squeeze out water or juice, To wring out a wet cloth. AND ENGLISH. os: Péurih, feeling sore, aching; smarting pain. In Malay Pèdih, also Prih, pain, ache, smart, MARSDEN 216. Rahtut di chichian barandi, pêurih to kawawa, when brandy is poured into the wound, I cannot endure the pain. Pëusing, an animal wild in the woods, a sort of ant-eater. lt is covered with scales, and can roll itself up into a ball. Called in Malay F'anggiting. The Manis of Lim- naeus. A variety is also called Pangoling in Malay, which is the Pangolin of European naturalists, and is a Myrmophaga. MARSDEN, page 223. Pëéëutag, name of a tree, Helittophyllum Javanieum. TPhe same as Pingko. Pëéëutëui, called in Malay Pétd. Name of a large tree, a variety of Leguminosae, Par- kia speciosa, which prodnces a long pod enclosing beans, of which the natives are very fond, though they stink most abominably when eaten. Pëuti, the round fat liee on cows and other animals. They get round and bloated by sucking the blood of the animal on which they fx. Péëuting, evening, night, night-time. The distances of a journey, especially of extend- ing beyond one day, are counted by so many nights. Jauh na tilu pluting, its dis- tance is three nights,— that is you have to sleep three nights on the road. Péutingan, to pass the night with any one, To watch by night. Péuyëuh, hoarse; having nearly lost the voice from cold and wet, or from loud roaring, A sore throat. Péuyèum, to stow away, or put in a position to ferment. To put into stagnant water; or to cover up close with any materials, so as to exclude the air, in order to ferment. To keep secret. To prevent being known. Matèup di pluytum, to soak ataps. Pèr- kara di pluytum, to hush up an affair. Pi, is a prefix of considerable use and of frequent occurrence in compounding certain forms of words. Now and then it occurs simply, but these cases are rare, as in the following: — Piag!m and others seen below; but in general the word to which it is prefixed must have after it Cun, when it gives the word the sense of „being used for some purpose”, „of acting in some capacity”, but with a prospective view, as Pi-hadé-un, something that will turn out well. Pi-omong-tun, something to talk about. Pi-bayd-tun, something that will cause disaster;— and thus many words will be cons- tantly occurring in the Sunda language which will not be found in this dictionary. Toe ascertain therefore their meaning, it will be necessary to divest such words of the prefix Pi and suffix Cun, and seek the crude word in its place, and to its meaning there found, add the prospective idea conveyed by Pi and Yun, as MZadé, being found to be good ,— with the Pi and Zun= Pi-hadé-ëun, it gives something good in future, or at a time merely in advance of the present, which may, however, be the next moment. Piagëm, a rent roll or schedule given to the chiefs of villages on Government lands, showing what the village must pay, and on which the various instalments are marked off when paid. See Agëm. Pi-agëm is thus literally: the wherewithall to be dignified. 3/4 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Pias, pale and delicate; looking unwell about the face, Pibaya-éun, something which will cause disaster. Pibibitëun, something to serve as seed. Grain to be planted. Pichahan, a term used in rice mills to express the husking of the grain,— from the Malay word Pichah, broken. Pichahan paré, to break open the husk from the grain in grinding paddy. Picha-piring, name of a large shrub with pure white flowers. Gardenia florida. More frequently called kachd-piring. Picha piring sounds like Malay and would literally mean „broken plate,” as if the white flowers were like broken bits of pot stuck upon the tree. The word Kacha or Picha, however, is most likely derived from the Sanscrit word Picheha, C. 892, a jasmine, from the white colour and sweetscent of the flowers, and the plant was very likely introduced from India. May not Piring perhaps be part of the verb Piranawa, QC. 405, to comb, to dress the hair with a comb‚— and thus the jasmine used in dressing the hair. The Malays have evidently seized upon the words as resembling Picha-piring = broken pot, whereas they in real- ity mean: jasmine for putting in the hair. In Malay it is also called Sang klapa, which may allude to its being Aid amongst the hair. Pichara, a lawsuit, any question to be discussed. G&dong pichara, the town-hall, a court-house, Kudu di pichara, we must discuss the matter; a lawsuit must be in- stituted. Probably derived from Achara, and the Polynesian Pi before it. Achara, C. 61, an established rule of conduct, an ordinance, an institute; a precept. Pichëun, to throw away; to fling away; to get rid of; to discard, to put away. Pi- chlun ka jauh, throw it far away. Ewe na gèus di pichtun, he has flung away his wife (or been divorced from her). Pichis, any small coin or money. Originally meant the China cash with square hole in the centre. Called also Kupang. To bogah pichis, I have no money. Pichung, name of a tree, Pangium edule; has large brown nuts from which an inferior dark coloured lampoil is extracted, Pidangdanëun, materials; tackle, gear. Pi-éwé-éun, a woman to make a wife of. Aya loba pi-éwê-lun nu ngora di lumber éta, there are lots of young girls to make wives of in that village. Pigasol, a sort of tiger trap, being two pinang or other straight trees, set side by side, at an angle with the ground, with one end on the ground and the other bear- ing the bait, a lump of flesh, so fixed to a doorway erection, that the tiger creeping along the pinang stems and pulling at the bait, lets the whole fall, and he himself is caught on spears or sharpened bambus set below. Pigati-éun, a difficulty, a hindrance, an impediment. Anything which causes difficulty. Pihadé-ëun, something which will turn out well; amelioration. Ziain pihadé-èun, that will never do; that will not answer. Pihané-an, an instrument with upright stanchions, about a foot high, and which can be AND ENGLISH. 375 adjusted to different distances. Around these the different coloured threads are wound and thus the pattern to be woven is given. Pihapé, to consign to the care of another. To give in trust. To place for security with some one else, Anak kula di pihapékên ka batur, 1 entrusted my child to the care of the neighbours. Banda ulah di pihapékèn kadtungan, do not entrust your property to strangers, Pihatu, an orphan. One without connexions or friends. Pihutang, debts receivable, money that is owing us. Money due on credit. Pi-it, name of a small bird, very troublesome to standing, ripe paddy. Called about Batavia Prit. The bird nestles about houses like the sparrow. Pijahëut, a soreness or scab on the skin, which is very itchy. Pikat, to allure, to decoy, to entice. To entrap. A method of catching birds in a cage in which there is a decoy bird. This is the way by which the P&rkutut is caught. Pikir, Arabie, to meditate, to consider, to think, to cogitate. Fikir, MARSDEN 208, of same meaning. Pikiran, thought, idea. Pikiran kula, as I think, according to my idea. Pikul, a certain weight consisting of 100 catties or katis. The word itself is Malay and means to carry on the shoulder. The weight and its divisions were no doubt origi- nally Chinese, who call the picul, Zan, and its subdivisions kati, Kin. The En- glish generally reckon the pikul at 1834 @®s avoirdupois; but on Java the picul is 125 Ws Amsterdam weight, which are equal to 135,64 @®s avoirdupois or 61,52 ki- logrammes. The picul of Java is generally taken in commerce at 186 @s avoir- dupois. The Malays may have given the name of Pikul to the Chinese Tan, as for occasional use the Dachin or weighing yard is provided with a ring, through which a staff passes which rests on two men’s shoulders, whilst weighing is going on. Pikul, to carry by means of a stick laid across the shoulder. Rarely heard, the more usual expression being Panggung. Pilëuléuyan, adieu, farewell. Compliments at parting. Pilih, to pick, to select, to choose; to assort. Pilihan, to pick, to select. Choice; the thing chosen. Pilihanëum, what is still to be picked. Anything which has still to be assorted. Pimahi-ëun, wherewithall; sufficient for any purpose. Competency. Pinang, the Areca nut palm, Areca Catechu. The Areca nut or Betle nut is in uni- versal daily use among the natives for chewing with sëuréuh. This palm is slenderer in the stem than the cocoa nut tree, and is very graceful. Pinang réndé, name of a dwarf Areca nut tree, Areca Pumila. Réndah is Malay for lowly, humble, but is not used separately in Sunda, in which language even the original word Réndah has been corrupted into Réndé, Pinara, the bank of a canal or watercourse. The side of an artificial waterway. Ap- parently a modification of Para, C. 387, a way, a road, a path; the further, or op- posite bank of a river. 976 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Pinaréng, agreeable, with the consent of. Quere literally —,, having one common way or road.” Modified from Paréng, which see, Pinatih, in ancient times the name of a petty state in Bali, being the Eastern part of the present state of Badong. FRrrepeERIcH, Bat. Trans., Vol. 23, page 26. Pinchang, lame, limping. : Pindah, to remove, to shift or change place, To change the place of our abode; to migrate. Pindahan, to remove oneself to a place. Sawah kudu di pindahan, you must remove to your sawah. Pindahkén, to shift or move something. To remove any person or thing from one place to another. To transcribe; to translate, Pindang, a method of cooking and preparing meat so that it will keep some time. Said especially of fish from the river or sea, so cooked to be carried to a distance for sale. Ping, in the direction of, Ulah ka ping hartup, do not press forward. Ka ping buri, behind, in the after part. Pinggan, a plate, a dish, a platter, a saucer; a bowl, a cup. Pingana, Clough, Vol. 1, page 427, a plate. Pinggëlan-léung'an, the wrist of the hand. Pinggul, to round off the edges. To cut away the sharp corners. Pingko, name of a tree, Helittophyllum Javanicum, Same as Péutag or Kiboma. Pingping, the thigh, the upper part of the leg above the knee, Dulur pingping, a nickname for a wife or husband. A brother or sister of the thigh. Pingping Kasir, literally the thigh of a Gryllus, name of a variety of grass. Pining, a scitameneous plant, Geanthus minor. Pintas, a short time, a while. Sa pintas, a while long; for a short time, Pintér, knowing, cunning, sharp in understanding. Luong-sighted. Pintonkën, to bring and show; to produce, to exhibit. Pinuh, full, replete. Pinu, C. 896, Punu, C. 408, full, complete, fulfilled. Pinuhan, to fill, to make full. Pinyu, a turtle, a sea turtle, The species which yields the tortoise shell of commerce. Kulit Pinyu, tortoise shell. Piomongëéun, something to talk akout. Pipi, the cheek. Pipir, the side of, proximity to anything or place. Pipir imah, the side of the house. Pipir kèbon, the side of a garden. In both cases the outside is implied. Sa pipir, side by side, close together. Pipit, to cut the first of any growing erop, especially of paddy. This is done with cer- tain ceremonies and invocations, and the few heads so cut are set apart and religiously preserved; they are called by the name of Pamipitan. Pipit, to procure oil from vegetable substances, especially from the Kachang Tanëuh or groundnut, by steaming the beans and then subjecting them to pressure. AND ENGLISH, ST Pipitan, an establishment for extracting oil from the Kachang tanèuh. Piraku, not to be expected, against probabilities, unreasonable to expect it, quite out of the question. Piraku kudu onggël pot, it is quite out of the question that it should take place every day. Piraku datk, it would be unreasonable to expect it. Piraku daik méré mindtng tÄuyn, it would be unreasonable to expect that I should give it frequently. Pirang, how many; so very many. Im Javanese the simple word Piro or Pira occurs, how many? In Sunda it has a terminal ng added. Pirang lawas na to kapanggih, how long ago it is IT have not met him. ‘The more usual form is kapirang-pirang, which see, indicating any great quantity, or length of time. Pirëu, not able to speak, born dumb. Piring, a plate, a broad plate such as used by Buropeans. The smaller Chinese plates which are more used by the natives are called Pinggan. Piruang, a pit-fall, a hole dug and then covered lightly over, so that when man or beast steps on it, it will give way, and let him down into the hole set with sharp bambu stakes. Pirus, as Batu pirus, a stone used for finger rings. It is blue with some white stripes on it. These stones are brought from Arabia. Miruzeh, Persian, MARSDEN 208, the turquoise stone. Pirusa, the tenon in carpentry. The end of a beam cut small, so as to fit into a joist, The joist is called lang pirusa, the tenon hole. A corruption of Purusha, male, masculine, C., 410. See Pupurus. Pisah, apart, separated, disconnected. Pisahkën, to separate, to disunite, to disconnect. To set aside. Pisan, utterly, totally, extremely, entirely. Ruined, dead. Madé pisan, totally good, extremely good. Zusak pisan, entirely destroyed. Gèus pisan, he is dead, he has gone to the extreme, Pisërët, a knot upon a rope to prevent a running noose from drawing too tight, es- pecially upon a halter or other rope by which a horse, a buffaloe or other animal is tied. Pisitan, a fruit resembling the Duku. Pisuhan, to scold, to be angry with. Pita, a riband, tape ;— Portuguese. Pitangkëup, a trap set to catch a wild amimal alive; a mouse trap; a trap in general. Pitëés, to rend in shreds, to tear in slips. Pitéuk, a big horse-fly, a gad fly, which gives a severe sting; it is found only in fo- rests. Probably Hippobosca or Forest fly,— or Ostrus, Gad fly. Pitik, as Tal: pitik, the split bambus wattled round a stake or pole called ranchatan, used in dams in rivers, to hold the stones in their place, and not allow them to be washed away one by one,‚— the whote constituting an Angkul. S Pitrah, a present made by every soul to the priest on the day of Labaran. This must consist of a Kulak of rice, of which about three Kulaks go to one ordinary gantang. Man, woman and child must each present this offering g, which is thought very obligatory. 48 978 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Pitu, seven, Properly Javanese, but is sometimes heard in composition. Vide Na-as or Na-as pitu. Pitua, instructions, orders of the elders; instructions handed down from father to son. Pituwin, goods or property earned by our own means, by our own exertions, not in- herited from others. Bogah na piluwin, he owns it by having worked for it, or earned it. Piwarang, to order, to command. To send on a message. Plérét, name of a place and district in het province of Mataram near Jugjakarta, where there is an old palace of the former sovereigns of Java. Plok, the idiomatie expression of any small object falling to the ground, and in so doing making a small report, Po, a chinese game, a way of gambling. Pochong, a quantity of paddy tied up in some regular and even weight, usually 8 catties. Two Pochongs make one Gédéng. Pochot, fallen out, slipped out. Displaced, Dismissed from an employment. Podang, withered, died away, faded, scorched up. Podol, exerement, dung‚—a very coarse word. Po-ék, dark, obscure. Anything which causes perplexity. Pogor, the abrupt termination of a hill, where it suddenly ends, and the land beyond is level. Poho, to forget. Poho di éra, forgets modesty. Ulah poho, don't forget. Pohpor, name of a bird. Pohpor, the stock of a gun. Poi, day, daytime — 24 hours. Sabraha poi, how many days. Mata poi, the eye of the day= the sun, Sometimes Poi alone is used for the sun. Bang'at amat pot na, the sun is excessively oppressive. Poikën, to put out in the sun. To expose to the sun’s rays. Pojok, a recess; a distant out-of-the-way place. Pok, the idiomatie expression of speaking, giving utterance, of opening the mouth to speak. Pok bai lémék, and opening his mouth he spoke. G&rrah pok kunaun, be quick and speak, why not. Pokal, a person's own act, his own fault; our own individual work or deed. No one else to blame, Sia chëlaka-an pokal ku manéh bai, that you have got an accident is your own deed, or fault. Sawah yo pokal sorangan, this sawah is my own from having made it (not bought or inherited it). Pokék, short trousers, not reaching to the knees. Most probably derived from the words Puk-kék, which you sometimes hear the natives make use of to denote the bursting of old trousers, when sitting down. Puk squat, Kek = torn. Poko, or di poko, to inject or squirt at into a hole. To poke at inahole. Lauk nya= lindung di na chadas kudu di poko, the fish hides itself among the rocks, and must AND ENGLISH. 9/9 be squirted —or poked at (to get it out). Poko is a hole or aperture in the Marquesas and Sandwich Islands. CrAWFURD, Dissert., page 143. Pola, a model, a model made of wood to work by. A block around which anything is made, by way of a model. Poléh, tired, knocked up. Poléng, any rectangular or square pattern on cloth, which is woven with the cloth, hence such cloth is called Kain poleng. Rectangular pattern painted on or platted inte any fabrie, as on a Dudukui or native hat. Polés, silver plate. Brass or copper implements plated with silver. (The Dutch polijst == polish). Polo, the brain. Mola, C. 560, the brain, marrow. Polo Déwo, is the name given to one of the old Hindu temples on the Diyëng moun- tains in Pakalongan. Polo is the plural of Polowa, QC. 424, the Earth. Déwa or Javanese Déwo, a god,‚—thus the Earth or abode of the gods, as the Javanese even now express themselves: Bumi BRadén Adipati, the earth, the world of the Raden Adipati, when they merely designate his house or palace — the enclosure in which it stands. Polong, pease, garden pease. Pease of European origin. Pond, a pound weight (@ — Dutch). 125 pounds Dutch make a Picul. Pondang, name of a tree with large coarse leaves. The wood is much used for ma- king gauls. Pondok, arabie Wondok, the huts or sheds where young men put up when they go to live near a master to instruct them in the Koran, or to learn to read and write. Chi- ching dt pondok bai, he always remains in the -pondok,— which means he is always studying the Koran or reading religious books. Pondok is also a hut of any kind. Pondok ronggeng, a ronggéng's hut, a house of ill fame. Pondok bujang, the huts for paid labourers to live in. Pondok, short, low in stature. Kayu pondok, a short piece of wood. Jeltma pondok, a short man. Pondok umur na, his life was short. Poné, a variety of wild pigeon, with green feathers. Columba Jambu. It is the same as Walik, whichsee. MARSDEN, page 298, gives Punei, a wild pigeon or green dove. Pong'an, name of a shrub covered with thorns. Ponggawa, see Panggawa. Pongkël, a small piece detached from a larger mass. Pongkor, a joint or tube of bambu;, as much as is between two joints. Pongpok, the innermost recess, the sanctuary. It is applied to the sun and wind, whose sanctuary or abode is unknown :—pongkok mata-pot,— pongkok angin. Fhe back or after part of anything. That part which is opposed to the face. The reserve. FPongporan, name of a large tree, leaves used medicinally. Ponyoh, famished, very hungry. Po-os, disappointed, not getting what we want or expect, Done out of anything: 580 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Popoi, as Sa popoi, all day long. The dualization of the first syllable of the word Poi implies continuity. Popol, a semi-fluid mass of ground leaves and roots, brought to the substance of a paste and then laid on the forehead or temples by way of medicament. Porang, a standing panier to hold fish in a boat as caught. Porgol, gilt, overlaid with gold. A corruption of the Dutch word verguld, gilt. Porog, a net-bag set in the jungle, into which Minchëk are driven and taken, Porokokok, name of a river fish, Porot, slipped through between anything, as between two beams. Porot suku na di na chvukang , his foot slipped through the bridge. Ceased, terminated, left off. G&us po- rot nytktl pagawtan, he has ceased to have charge of that work. Porowulon, an eight part, the eighth. Pos, European, the post, the means of conveying letters. A post or stage, the distance between an exchange of horses in travelling, which on Java is 5 or 6 English miles. Kantor pos, the post office. Kreta pos, a post carriage, a stage coach. Posong, a jëlér fish trap. Pot, the idiomatic expression of letting go. Pot bai di lésotkën, dropping it he left hold. G&us pot, he has let go. Pot! let go. Potlod, a lead pencil. The Dutch word Potlood, lead pencil. : Potol, miserably poor, not worth a rap. Not able to command the first necessaries of life. Potong, to cut‚ to hack, Kudu di potong, it must be cut. Potong, cut‚ broken, separated, disjointed, Poyok, to jeer at, to laugh at, to ridicule, Prabu, see Parabu. Prada, tinsel, see Parada. Prah, as tanéuh prah, loose, open, good soil, the opposite of tanëuh t&ula, stiff clay. Prahu, a boat, a ship,—a general term for all vessels afloat. Paruwa, C. 889, a flat bottomed boat. Prahulu, a scitameneous plant. Amomum Aculeatum. Praja, subjects. Occurs in the composition of proper names. Praja, OQ. 438, progeny, offspring, people, subjects. Praji, a midwife, an accoucheuse, Probably the feminine of Praja, C. 483, progeny, offspring — and thus the person who assists offspring. Prajurit, a soldier, a warrior, a fighting man. Pra, a particle and prefix implying excess, much, very, exceeding; or Praja, C. 438, people, subjects — and Jurit, Kawi, war;—thus pre (eminent) in war, or people for war, Prak, the idiomatie expression of commencing any undertaking, setting to work or the like. Ari gëus prak, if we have once set to work, Prak bat di sêlla-an, and he clap- ped the saddle on (the horse). Praku, weak, feeble. AND ENGLISH, o8Í Prambanan, the name of a place on the confines of the territories of Solo and Jugjo, where numerous remains of Hindu temples are found. CrAwrurp tells us that the priests of Bali usually designate Mahadéwa by the name of Prama Siwa, or the Lord Siwa. Pramatha, ©. 448, is an attendant or follower of Siwa. The word Prama is derived from the particle and prefix Pra, CQ, 430 implying excess, much, very, ex- ceeding; excellence, — with the constructive Ma suffixed to give it a substantive form. This pra eorresponds to the Latin prae. The two last syllables of the word are idi- omatie partieles, by the help of which the Javanese form derivative words; thus Pra- ma-an would be a person or place having excellence, and prama-na-an, would be the abode or place of persons having excellence. The word has then been softened down into Prambanan, by inserting a 5 to avoid the hiatus. Prambanan was there- fore in all probability a place devoted to the worship of Siwa, Im the 22 vol. of the Bat. Trans. Mr, FRrEDERICH also reports Parama Siva, as one of the designations on Bali for Siwa, as well as Sada Siwa and Maha Siwa. On Bali, Siwa is also called Prameswara, the Highest Lord. Dito, page 834. Pranaraga, called also by the Javanese Pronorogo and Ponorogo; a town and district in the Residency of Madiun, lying Hast from the Gunung Wilis. It is celebrated for Mahomedan academies kept there, and the Sunda people go there often as San- iris. Prana, C. 441, old, ancient. Raga, C. 589, affection, love; the quality or property of passion ,— mental affection in general, Prang, war, battle. Prang di laut, war at sea. Pransman, the Dutch Franschman— French; Orang Pransman, a Frenchman. Chita Pransman, French chintz. Prapat, to cut a man's or woman's hair off in two streaks, at right angles to each other so that four corners are visible. A punishment inflicted by the Mahomedan priests on some occasions. Prawira, a hero, a warrior. A word often oecuring in the composition of proper names. Prawira, CG. 445, from Pra, preminent, Wira, a hero. A hero, a warrior, a chief, a person of rank. Prawu, the name of a range of mountains between Pakalongan on the north coast, and the Residencies of Banyumas and Bagëlén to the Southward. The upperpart of these mountains is called Diyëng, which see. Many remains of Hindu temples and other antiquities still exist upon the Prawu, which is probably derived from Prabhu, cor- rupted into Prawu, and derived from Pra, C. 480, a particle and prefix implying excess, much, very, exceeding, excellence ;— in short it is the same as the Latin Prace, — and Bhu, to be. See voce Prabhu, C. 443, a master, a chief, a lord, thus Gu- nung Prawu, the pre-eminent mountains. The word Prawu or Phraw is still used in Ava and Birmah as a high distinction. Im its original sense it signified the Sun, and was applied to the sovereigns and the priesthood, as the representatives on earth of that splendid luminary. See Constable's Miscellany. Syme's Embassy to Ava, Vol. I, page 219. 582 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Préayi or Priayi, petty noblesse, the younger relatives of chiefs. Petty functionaries. Priya, C. 450, is most probably the etymon of this word, meaning — love, affection, joy, pleasure, delight, what pleases, from Pri, to please. Priangan, the native name for what Europeans call the „Prianger Regencies” in Java. The etymon of the word may be found in Myang, divinity, vide voce. Vide also Parahiang,— with the Polynesian an suffixed, to indicate place, and thus originally Para-hyang-an, contracted into Priangan, The Prianger Regencies are for the most part, especially the inhabited parts, an inland upland plateau, surrounded by stupend- ous mountains and volcanoes,—a fit place for a superstitious people to locate their gods in, and a fit neighbourhood for the adjoining territory of Bantam, which see. It will thus mean,‚—the abode of the divinities. Pwriangan was also the name given to the capital of the inland and central parts of Sumatra, called Menangkabau, and had no doubt its name in a parity of origin with the Priangan on Java. Priëuk, a wide mouthed, coarse, earthenware cookingpot. Prih, anxious to rival another; earnest in endeavours. _— Prih-hatén, earnest, stirring, striving, using exertions. Literally: sore-hearted, or with a striving heart. Probolinggo, name of a town and residency on Java. Prabala, C. 442, much, great power or strength; Linga, CG. 607, the phallus or Siwa under that emblem, viz the penis. Progo, name of a river, which, taking its rise among the Prawu mountains, flows through Kadu and Jugjokarta, till it falls into the South Sea. With the peculiar intonation of the Javanese, it is called Progo, but would otherwise be Praga, derived from Pra, C. 430, exceeding, excellence, pre-eminence; Gama, C. 167, which dropping the constructive final ma, will leave Ga in its crude shape, meaning: going, moving, and thus Pra-ga implying pre-eminent movement or going, or the chief river of the land. On this river is situated the village of Dikso, which Dipo N&égoro selected for the purpose of making his first stand in the great rebellion of 1825/30, it being con- sidered a place of mystic authority and importance. The word itself conveys this idea. Diksha, C. 278, sacrificing, offering, oblations, engaging in a certain course of reli- gious austerities. Pruk, the idiomatie expression of going together, of uniting, of joining in marriage. Pruk bai Ewéan, he took unto him a wife. Pua, the globural nest of ants which is found hanging on trees, made of earth and ar- ranged in avenues and compartments. Pua, a title of respect or honour made use of in old mythology or romance, and as such prefixed to some proper names, as Pua Putri, Puachi. Probably derived from Puwa, C. 411, former, prior, ancient,—the Elu form of Purwa. The word Puang occurs in Bugis for Lord, God. Puachi, a name given to some kind of ancient divinity. Puwa, as above, ancient, Er: AND ENGLISH. 99 Wachehya, C. 634, success, prosperity, literally: ancient prosperity, old luck. Para puachi, of the number of the Puachi, which may have been a designation of lower household penates. See Acht. In general terms Puachi means fairies, geniï male or female; supernaturally endowed beings. Puachi Rumbayang Jati, the genius who presides over dyeing cotton yarn of a red colour. Zambha, C. 586, one of the Apsaras or courtezans of Swarga. yang, divinity. Jatya, C. 210, well born, of good family ;— thus the goddess, the courtezan divinity who is of good birth,— who is invoked to lend her aid in making so difficult yet fine a dye as the Zed for cloth, The Zumba is probably an easy corruption of Rambha. Butalsmston tants Pua-pua, a person with a frizzled head of hair. A negro of the Indian Archipelago. This word may be a duplication of the word Puwa, C. 411, former, prior, ancient, the Elu form of Purwa,— and might have originally been used, by the people from continental lmdia, to designate the former inhabitants of the land, whom civilization tended to drive Eastwards. Im Malay they are called Puwah-puwah or Papuwah,— vide CRAWEFURD in voce,— which latter is the same word with the usual preposition Pa, and in that language means the woolly headed race of men who now inhabit New Guinea or Papua. A small population of these woolly headed black negroes still exists on the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal, and some also linger in the Malayan Peninsula under the name of Samang and Bila; but from Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Celebes they have disappeared, nor is there even a tradition that they ever existed there, though a curliness in the hair of many natives would seem almost to indicate a trace of such original connexion. Puas, or Puwas, efficient, satisfactory as to strength or other requirements. Likelv to answer any purpose. Panggilingan puas amat, a mill that is complete and ft for work. Puru, C. 410, much, many, exeeeding; Asa, C. 65, wish, desire ;— con- tracted into Puwas, exceeding desire, all that you can desire. Puasa, fasting, abstaining from food. Puwasa, C. 412, greediness, avarice, covetous- ness, miserliness. Bulan Puasa, or the fasting month, is also known by the Arabic name of Ramalan, which is the ninth Mahomedan month, during which no Maho- medan may eat or drink, whilst the sun is above the horizon. From the above San- serit derivation we may infer, that the professors of Hinduism on Java, or in the Ar- chipelago, derided the early Mahomedans with their fast, attributing it to mere miser- liness not to eat in the day time. As Hindu worshippers they had also their absti- nence or penance, which they called Japa, by which was meant fasting entirely both night and day. See Japa. Puchat, pale in colour, wan; pale or sallow from illness. Puchuk, the outermost end of a branch; the top branchlets of atree. The tender Sprouts or shoots of any leafy plant coming up out of the ground, as paddy. The fresh leaves of a palm tree, as they are developed from the spadix. Leaf buds, 984 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Puchuk sulang, said of seed paddy which will not come up, or which only throws up sickly white plants which soon die away. This is attributed to the seed being to old, or to its being stifled by lying piled in heaps, or that the air could not get at it. Puchung, an intonation or tone in singing. Pudak, a fragrant variety of the Screw pine. Pandanus Moschatus. Puguh, assuredly, clearly understood, anything about which there is no doubt. Definite. To puguh,that is neither one thing nor the other, Not clearly understood. Indefinite. Ari glus puguh, karwan, it is clearly understood, so and good. Pugur, a tree still standing but deprived of branches. Said especially of palm trees which have lost their terminal and only foliage, Kawung pugur, a Kawung palm without any branches or leaves. See Aluguran. Puhu, the lower or stump end of a tree. The lower end of any plant. The lower end of a stick of bambu, viz of that part which grows next the ground. Used in con- tradistinction to Chong'o, the upper part comprising the branches. NB. The Malay word Puhn or Pulun= a tree, is no doubt derived from our Puhu, with the addi- tion of the constructive an, and thus means: having a stump end. The Sunda people have not, however, this very simple and easily derivative word according to their own language, to designate a tree, but make use of the word Zangkal. MARSDEN, page 289, gives — Puhn, a tree, the stem of a tree as distinguished from the bran- ches; the part of the stem next the root;— thus in Malay a particular part gives the name to the whole plant. Pubun, and Puhn, a title of respect given to an old man who has no title by birth- right. Thus also the chief of the Badui heathen in South Bantam is called Gúrang Puhun, Girang meaning: up the river, superior, when mention is made of a river. This name assimilates the head of a clan or family to the stump or trunk of a tree. The rest of the community representing the branches and leaves. A very natural simile for a people living in primeval forests. Puhun is a designation still made use of in the commencement of some native Jampés or invocations, and seems to refer to some divinity or supernatural being, and has very likely a similar origin. Pu-un in the language of Talaga in the Philippines means: chieftain, elder, CRAWFURD'S Dissertation, page 239. Pu-ih, to twist and twirl round a bit of string, rattan, liane or the like to give it con- sistence and fit it for binding or tying anything. Maramat beunang mu-ih, hemp which is twisted. Puja, a Sanserit word of same import as given by Clough, page 414, offering, sacrifice, worship; homage, adoration. The idea and the practice are the remnant of Bhudisti- cal or Brahminical superstition. See Pamujahan. Puji, a prayer, an adoration. Pujya, C. 415, worshipful, deserving admiration. See Muji. Pujita, C. 414, worshipped, adored. Puk, the idiomatic expression of squatting down on the hams. 85 se, AND ENGLISH, Pukul, to strike, to knock, to whip; to divide, as in arithmetie; to levy upon, as atax; ta apportion a contribution, Di pukul rata, every one paid an equal share. Also to take an average. Pukulan, a place to beat in. An indigo vat, from the water being beaten to separate the feculae, Pulang, to return, to go home, to revert. Pulang anting, to go and return the same day. Pulangkén, to give back, to return anything borrowed. Pulas, to rub on paint, whitewash or the like, To daub. Pulasari, name of a plant, Alyxia Stellata, used medicinally. Quere — Pula, C. 411, the erection of the hairs of the body considered as a proof of exquisite delight. Sari, used much in compound words on Java to denote, a flower, or beauty. Pulasari, name of a mountain in Bantam, a little way to the south of the Gunung Karang. Pulën, said of any food, but especially properly boiled rice, which is glib and easily swallowed. Pulé pandak, name of a plant used for a strong drastie. Given to horses, dogs or other animals on which it operates very powerfully. Ophyoxylon Serpentinum of the family Apocynecae. Pulës, name of a class of plants, the leaves of which have stinging properties, the same as the common nettle in Europe, Urtica Dioica, only in a more violent degree, Pulés, simply, Urtica Stimulaus, Pulës mundine, „ Astuans, of the family Urticeae. Pulës maléla, A Ardens, Pulës arëui, Cnesmosa Javanica, of the family Euphorbiaceae. Pulësan, name of a variety of Rambutan or Tundun. Nephelium globium. Pulihan, same as Mulihan, to weed a humah a second time. To go over again. Pulir, to twist, to twirl, to turn round, especially something small. Meénghé ch&uli sia di pur ku aing, L will pull your ears — 1 will twirl them round. Pulo, an island, land surrounded by water. Pulina, C. 411, an island of alluvial for- mation, or one from which the water has recently with drawn; or a small island or rock left in the middle of a river upon the falling of the waters. Polo, C, 424, the plural of Polowa, the Barth. Puluh, the decimal adjunct. Sa puluh, ten. Dua puluh, twenty. Lima puluh, Fifty. Puluh probably originally means: to gather up, and is heard in Pulung, with final nasal ng. The natives perhaps originally counted by putting down some trifling ob- ject—a pebble—as in still heard in satu = sa-watu, or a grain as sa-hijt, and at every ten, they gathered them together to keep a tally, and thus sa-puluh will be one tally, dua puluh, two tallies, and so forth. Fulung, to gather up, to collect, to pick up; to adopt, Pulung buah, to gather up 49 986 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE fruit. Pulung minantu, to gather up, to adopt as a son in law. Pulung anak, to adopt as a child, Anak pulung, an adopted child. Pulur, feeding, entertainment, see Pupulur. Pulut, to draw or pull, as to draw a net up out of water. To pull away out of a bundle; to pull out even. Pumpuran, name of a plant. Calosanthes Indica, Pumpurutan, name of a shrub. Triumfetta Suffruticosa. Pun, Divinity, Godhead, as applied to the gods of the Hindu religion, or perhaps of anti- Hindu periods. The word Pun! is often used at the commencement of an in- vocation. Pun, C. 407, from Purna, full, complete, fulfilled; also from Puma or Puman, male, masculine. Pun, on this supposition might mean: vour fullmess, your completeness.— It may also be a contracted form of Pohon, MARSDEN 239, to desire, to beg, to request, solicit, supplicate. See Muhunkén. The eommencement of an invo- cation is Pun! ulah gédér, ulah rowas! Divinity! be not startled, be not surprised! The chief or supreme godhead of the Badui in South Bantam is called Pun. Punchak, the top of a mountain. The peak. Punchëlak, top, pinnacle, summit, point. The top of a mountain. Punduk, the hump or round boss on the top of the spine, or at the insertion of the neck of some men, especially such as are in the habit of carrying loads on their shoulders. The hump of a Bengal or native cow. Pundung, sulky, being inwardly vexed. Pung, name of a shrub, Kembang Pung, called in Malay Nagasari. Acacia Pedunculata. Punggas, broken, as a beam or stick breaks. Broken, as anything stiff and strong. Punggawa, see Panggawa. Punggël, to cut off short; to cut in short lengths, as logs of wood or something large and rough. To cut the top and branches off a tree, so as to leave only the stump standing. Pungkil, well-fed, in good condition, in good case; round and well filled. Obese. Full and perfect. Showing a round heap. Punglak, teeth fallen out. Kuda punglak huntu, the horse has lost his teeth,—is old. Pungsat, short and dumpy. Paré pungsat, paddy short in the ear. Punjul, a remainder, something over, a balance. Aya punjulan? is there anything over ? is there any remainder? Punjul sit, one remains over. Puntang, to swing backwards and forwards. Anything pendulous. Puntangan, to move along by swinging to something,—as to move along under a roof by holding on to the rafters. Pupon, anything collected. A tax which has been received. Zwkang pupon, a tax gatherer; a man who goes about collecting a tax. Pupu, to gather fruit; to make a collection of any kind, To collect a tax. Pupugan, ataps which have been used and thrown away collected and used again. Any- thing which has been used and thrown away collected and used again, AND ENGLISH. 987 Pupul, to collect, to gather together. Pupulih, to tell, to say, to communicate. Pupulih ka batur, tell your companions. Ulah pupulih, don’t tell. Pupulur, and Pupuluran, to give a treat, a blow out, a feed, an entertainment. Hadé pupulur na, he gave a good blow out. Nu di gawé kudu di pupuluran, you must feed well those who work; give them plenty to eat and drink. Pulur simply occurs more rarely in Sunda, but CRAWFURD gives it as Malay, meaning: meal, farina, the pith of plants (and thus probably alluding to the pith of the sago palm, which however, it does not imply in Sunda). Pupundukan, having a hump or bump on the top of the spine at the insertion of the neck. Said also of the hump on cows. See Punduk. Pupur, a lotion or cosmetic for the skin, composed of a solution of fine rice meal. Called in Malay Bèdak. Pupurus, a tenon in carpentry, the same as Pirusa. Pupurus is said to be properly Malay, but is nevertheless often used in Sunda. Most likely derived from Purusha, C. 410, male, masculine per simile. In the Polynesian word the first syllable, by a common practice, is doubled, when similitude is implied. Puput, to blow, to breathe into. To fill with air,—as by blowing into a bladder, the fire etc. To blow with a bellows. Puputan, the native bellows, which are two long cylinders of wood set side by side and standing upright. A tube leads out of each to a common point at the fire to be blown. In each eylinder moves a piston so arranged that it admits the air when drawn up, and closes when forced down by a rod, and thus prevents the air from again escaping upwards, but drives it into the fre. These pistons are moved by one man, and being alternately depressed and withdrawn, a constant blast of wind is kept at the fire. Puputih,a disease in young paddy caused by a diminutive grub eating away the green epidermis of the leaf, and leaving it white, which Putih implies. Puputih éndog, the white of egg. Pura, used in composition to denote a town, as Singapura, the Lion town. Pura, C, 409, a city, a town, a cluster of houses walled in. Puraga, an offering of the monkeys of one of their number to a tiger. The monkeys sometimes shove one of their number off the branches, when a tiger makes his appearance, at least so say the natives, and they call the unfortunate monkey so circumstanced Puraga. Puraga sounds Sanscritie. The nearest intelligible solution which presents itself is — Puru, O. 410, much, many, exceeding; Aga, C. 6, amongst many other meanings: sorrow, distress, fear; and thus the ewceeding fear, at the presence of the tiger, to which they offer one of their number. Purah, occupation, about (any occupation), engaged upon; for the purpose of. By chance, fortuitously. Purah naun sia, what is your occupation. Pwurah ngéjo, for the pur- pose of cooking rice; or, Ï am engaged in cooking rice. Purah ngala chai, my oc- 588 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE cupation is fetching water, Aya nu purah, there are such folks! such things do happen! Owoh nu purah hade, there are none by chance good. Purai, broken in pieces, pounded up,‚ smashed, as a clod of earth, a lamp of sugar or the like, Puraikën, to break up small. To dash to pieces. Pura-pura, shamming, feigning, pretending. Purasani, fine tempered steel. The loadstone, probably from being applied to a bit of steel. This word is probably the same as Khorasani, MARSDEN, page 125, Persian, fine tempered steel of Khorasan. Purëék, short hold of a rope‚— the reverse of Lair or Layèr. Short in the hold (by a rope). Zal na purék ttuyn, the rope is too short. Ulah purik t&uyn, don’t hold so short. Purilkën, to twist as a rope or bit of string. To twist or turn round anything. To twirl. Purilkén chtuli na, twist his ear for him. Purut, name of a tree. Artocarpus Glauca. Purwa, old, ancient; in the commencement, Maji Purwa, the ancient Haji, — is a per- son who occurs in the history of Pajajaran. See RAFFLES’ vol. 2, page 97. Kiyo purwa na, in this way it was originally or ancienily. Purwa, C. 416, first, prior, former, preceding, initial, Eastern Purwana originally. Purwadadi, name of the chief place in Grobogan, East from Samarang. Itis situated in a low flat country often covered with inundations in the wet monsoon, and from this cireumstance may have derived its name, Purwa, OC. 416, first, prior, former, pre- eeding, initial, Udadi, C. 76, the sea, the ocean: formerly a sea; the pristine sea. The word wdadhi in composition loses the initial U as in Mahodadm, C, 584, the Ocean, from Maha, great, Udadhi, sea. Purwakala, in ancient times, of old. Pusaka, inheritance, hereditary property or rights, heir-looms. Patrimony. Zw from Puwa, C. 411, former, prior, ancient. Saka, C. 691, his, his own, ones own.— Thus ancient possessions or ones own from olden times. Pusaran chai, a whirlpool. Pusar in Malay, MARsDEN 237, to turn horizontally (as a mill stone). To turn (as water in a whirlpool). Pusing, giddy, dizzy. To revolve, to turn round, to twirl. Involved in business; taking much trouble with any matter. Zo daikkën pusing, he will not trouble himself about it. Puspa, name of a forest tree, very common at Jasinga; does not grow under an elevation of 600 or 800 feet above the sea. Schima Noronhae. The name is Sanscrit and is found in Clough, page 412/18, Pushpa or Puspa, a flower. The pure white flowers of the Sunda puspa are found scattered under the tree, at intervals, throughout the whole year. Puspa occurs frequently in the composition of proper names, where if has evidently the meaning of flower. Putal, name of a weed growing in the humahs; it has a thick fleshy leaf and dies or withers with difficulty, even when put up on the stump of a tree, especially if the weather is wet, AND ENGLISH. 559 Putat, name of a large tree. Gustavia Valida. Putër, properly a Malay word. To twist and turn in an argument, or in giving evi- denee; to quibble, to evade a direct answer, Putér balik, prevarication. Putèër, to dig round a plant so as to get it out of the ground, along with some earth adhering to the roots, with a view to transplanting it. Putëér, name of a plant. Gomphrena Globosa. Putèëran, a windlass, ° Putih, white, Orang putth, white people = Europeans. Kain putih, white cloth, See also Bodas. Putt, C. 415, purity, purification. Puta, C. 414, pure, purified, cleansed; sincere, honest. In Sunda also Putih means sometimes pure and sincere,— not im- plicated in any dirty mess,— in which sense Bodas is not used. Putra, a male child, a male royal offspring; a prince‚—-a refined expression. Putra, ORALOT sons a child: Putri,a female child, a princess. Putrika, OC. 407, a daughter. A female of royal birth. Putu, a grandchild and all further descendants. Putus, terminated, as a law suit, or case submitted to a judicial authority. Concluded, settled; — from Putus in Malay, broken in two. Putus-an, a decision, in a law suit; judgement, award. Putuskën, to give a decision, to award. Pu-un, object of reverence. Seems to be a modification of Pun, which see. Puwa, see Pua. Puyud, viz Tanjung Puyud, is the native name for St, Nicholas Point, just in- side the Straits of Sunda. Puyuh, quail, a bird so called, Colurnix Tetras. Puyuh-gonegegong, literally the barking quail. Perdix Javanica. ‘This bird is found only amongst the mountains in the forests. It has a peculiar and loud cry, whence it has got the name of Gonggong, barking. The bird is a kind of native partridge and is excellent eating, Ra-at, fair, the rain has ceased. Cessation from raining. Gus ra-at, it is fair, the rain has done. Rabi, Arabie, the Lord, Allahhu Rabi, God the Lord. Rabi-ul-Akir,— Akir, latter, —the fourth month of the Mahomedan year, This month is also frequently called Silh Mulud, 990 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Rabi-ul- Awal,—Awal, first, —the third month of the Mahomedan year called also Mulud. Rabia, Arabie, the spring, vernal, CRAWFURD. This spring could not last long as applicable to the month, as the Mahomedan year retrocedes every year Il days. Rabul, coming in numbers, coming tumultuously. Coming frequently. Rabul bai datang, they came in a crowd. Rabut and Rabutan, to pull up, to pullout; to pluck out of the ground. See Chabut. Rachëlék, here and there, scantily. Few and far between. Rachëlok, not even, not alike; where some are long and others short; where some have done and others are still busy. Rachik, a noose, a running knot. A noose, or string with a running knot set to catch kirds or animals, which by stepping into the noose and walking on pull the knot tight about the leg. Rad, Dutch Raad, eouneil, board of council; the lower court of Justice, called Raad van Justitie. Mad Sambang, the Circuit court. This name is also given to the Cir- cuit Judge. Rada, rather, somewhat. Bada hadt, rather good. Rada panjang, rather long. Radang, a disease in the skin of man, called in the West Indies the Yaws. In Malay it is called Zarang. Blotches of ulcers break out on various parts of the body, and remain long festering and ulcerating. When of long duration, it affects the bones, which become much weakened, and recovery is then very difficult. Radén, a title of birth, of descent. Prefixed to a mans’ name shows him to be of good family. Rada, Clough 585, a king, a sovereign, from Paja, blood. Rak in Ja- vanese, both in Kawi and in the Basa Krama, means blood, and Madé, good, and with the addition of the constructive an, we should have Rah-hadé-an, contracted into Rahdén. Or in place of Hadé, it may be Adi, C. 24, chief, above, and thus Rak- adhi-an 4 Rahdén, chief or noble blood. Radén Adipati, title of the prime Minister or Ryksbestierder, ruler of the kingdom, under the Javanese Government. Radén Adipati, a title of high rank given to some native Regents on Java. Radén Ayu, a Queen, a Princess; a woman of the highest rank. Ayu, C. 64, age, duration of life. Probably denoting that she is no longer a girl. Radin, clean, purified, said of women who are washed after child birth. Di radinan, to purify or wash after child birth. Zo suka to radin, not with my pleasure, or clean free will; a common expression of dissent. Ra-éh, to sell on eredit. M&unchit klbo di ra-éh bai, having killed a buffaloe, I gave out the flesh on credit, (which is usually done at extravagant prices). Barang di ra-éh, goods on eredit, Ragap, and Ragapan, to lay hold of and feel. To take in the hand to examine. To handle an animal to ascertain the state of its body. Ragëdéd, to tie tight, to secure by tying. Ragtdtd bai di bawa, having bound him, they led him away. AND ENGLISH. 591 Ragët, all together, with one accord; anything done by united effort; general consent. Kumaha ragtm na bai, however the general consent (or united will) may be, Hadé ragèm na, they all turned out and assisted. Ragét, an eruption of the skin; pustules on the body. Scabby. Ragi, a native preparation made of rice flour, onions, sugar and some other trifies of spicery, which acts as a yeast or ferment in preparing Tapai, which see, used only on occasions of native festivities. Raga, C. 589, lust, passion, affection, mental af- fection in general. Perhaps Ragi is the fiminine of Raga and expresses what gives lust or passion, causing fermentation. Zagi, C. 590, a lover, a gallant, Ragrag, to fall, to tumble down. To fall from a height. Buah na ragrag, the fruit has fallen. Ragrag ti luhur kayu, to fall from a tree. Rahayat, people, the common people, the multitude. Rahayu, safely, without misfortune; prosperity. Di gawé rahayu, our work went well. Raya, C. 586, to go, speed, velocity. In Malay Gargahayu, prosperity, good for- tune, CRAWFURD. Probably derived from Gharghara, C. 189, laughter, mirth,— Haya, C. 786, to go; a horse; going or proceeding with mirth, Rachëuk, chattering, crying aloud, holloaing out. Making an uproar with voice. Za, C. 589, sound, noise, Rahëut, a wound in the flesh; wounded. Rahëutan, having got a wound. Rahim, Arabie, compassionate, Mercy, compassion. Rahman, Arabic, merciful, compassionate. Rahmat, Arabic, mercy, clemency. Rahong, a slope or gentle fall in the bed of a river, where the water runs over a bro- ken ledge of rocks, or rought bottom, Rahu, the Demon who attempts to swallow the sun or moon, whereby eclipses are caused. Both the word and the idea are Imdian, and the following quotation from Clough’s Singhalese Dictionary, page 594, will explain the nature of the fable. According to the mythology of the Buddhists, Rahu was a noted Asura, or Demon inhabiting Patala or the Nagaloka; and when the gods assembled to churn the sea, and produce the Nectar or water of life, Rahu secretly conveyed himself to the spot and surreptitiously obtained a draught, by which he became immortal. The sun and the moon, who were present on the occasion, as overlookers and guards of the nectar, reported this to Vishnu, who severed his body in two; but Rahu having become immortal by the draught of nectar his head and trunk retained their separate existence, and being transferred, the head to the North, and the tail, Kélu to the South, they became the ascending and descending nodes; but retaining their feelings of revenge towards the sun and moon for the discovery they made to Vishnu, they attempt, especially Rahu, at certain seasons to destray them, and the seizure of them in his mouth is the cauze of eclipses. Rai, the human form in a vision. 3 0 ry Ek ve) NT SEN oJ A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Rai-rai, turning yellow or ripe. The approach of day. The ruddiness preceding the rising sun. Paré na luktur rai-rai koneng, the paddy is about turning yellow. Gus rai-rai di wétan, the coming day shows in the east, Jèat-rai böwrang, the dawn of day, day break, Called in Malay dina hari, from dina, C. 269, a day, and Pat, in Polynesian shining, resplendent, Im Malay the latter word in the shape of Mari has been retained in the colloquial language for day. Raja, a king, a sovereign. Flourishing, prosperous. Zèaja, C, 590/1, a king, a monarch; from Zayd to shine. tajab, the seventh Mahomedan month. Rajah, invocations to cure disease. Rajahan, to doctor by trying to trace the evil to some daily act, or to some act done. a pretty little piece of native superstition ! Rajah pamuna, an invocation by which evil or disease is resisted, or rendered harmless. The word may perhaps be derived from muna, C. 551, with the Polynesian particle Pa before it:— end, top, extremity, tip, point;-—=thus an invocation which goes to the end, tip or point of the evil, as we would say —to the root of it, Raja wali, the eagle, A fabulous bird in Java. Rajëg, name of the colour of a horse, being intermediate between white and brown. Cream coloured. Same as Bopong, which see. Rajëg, standing upright. Standing in a row, as a crowd of men. Jéllma na gëus ra- jeg bai, plenty of people are present standing waiting. Rajëg Weêsi, name of an ancient place in Java, the site of which has not been deter- mined, meaning ron fence. Rajëki, profit, prosperity, good luck. No doubt the Arabie word Zeèeëki, which both MARSDEN and CRrAWFURD give as victuals, food, subsistance. CRAWFURD, how- ever, has also Zètzük, Arabie, riches, good fortune. MNimu rëjëki, to have a fall of luck. Kajim, Arabie, stoned, pelted with stones, Bxecrable, accursed. Rajin, diligent, assidaous, industrious. Rajol, coming in quick succession. Popping is and out of any place. See Jol. Bédul rajol bat di lZuwtung, the pigs come popping out of the forest, Lauk na rajol bai ka na Sa-apan, the fish keep coming quickly at the Sa-apan. aka, eldest brother, a term of deference. Word used in Pantuns. MRakkha, C. 518, the Pali form of Raksha, C, 580, preserving, protecting. The head of the family, the R er eldest son, would thus be considered as ite protector. Jeen ev akék, making a shrill chattering noise, like birds collected together on a tree. Afanuk vakék baï art soré, the birds chirp and chatter when evening comes. Za, CO. 589, noise, sound, sék-rakék, making a simultaneous sound, Making a noise as in rejoicing. t e, a pair. Kèbo sa rakit, a pair or a yoke of buffaloes,. A raft or float of bambus or timber. See Naarakit, en AND ENGLISH. „93 Rakitan, to join together by a yoke; to make a raft by lashing bambus or timber to- gether. A raft. Awi na kudu di rakitan, the bambus must be rafted. Rakrak, to pull to pieces; to take to pieces anything which has been joined together, as a house or any building, a bridge or the like, JZmah na kudu di rakrak, the house must be pulled to pieces. Raksa, fo guard, to watch, to protect. Maksha, C. 580, preserving, protecting. Raksasa, a demon, a fiend, a hobgoblin. The chief of the Butas or evil spirits. Rak- shaha, C. 589, Rakshas, C. 580, MRakas and Rakusa, C. 578, a demon, a goblin, an ogre. A powerful Titan or enemy of the gods in a superhuman or incarnate form. Rakun, almost the same as Pèrölu or Wayib, which see, Necessary. Obligatory. Rakus, eating greedily, having a sharp appetite. Ram, the idiomatie expression of griping in the hand, of seizing on with the fingers, of holding fast. Rama, a celebrated Hindu personage. CQ. 592, an incarnation of Vishnu, and as such called Rama Chandra. He slew the demon Rawana in his attack upon Ceylon, when in quest of his wife Sita whom Rawana had carried away. Rama, a father, an honorary expression. CQ. 586, Rama, dear, beloved; a husband, a lover. The Sunda people appear to have adopted this word in a rather incorrect sense. The expression used by the wife for her husband, has been followed by the children. Ramalan, the ninth month of the Mahomedan year. Called also Bulan Puasa, or the fasting month, as the people fast during the day time in this month, but eat their fill whilst the sun is down at night. Ramat, a spiders web. An unfinished casting fishing-net; the network without the lead weights. Ramayana, C. 598, among the Mindus a celebrated epic poem, recording the wars of Rama.— There is a version of this on Java in the Kawi language. Rambai, hair or shreds hanging in a bunch like a horses tail. A tassel. Any pendulous hairy matter, as the rootlets of the Waringin. tree. Rambat, the act of creeping or twining itself up a rod, as a pea or other plant which grows upon another object and cannot stand by itself. Meéong rambat, a small wild cat or felis. Probably has got its name from climbing into trees. Rambét, to pull out weeds with the hand, not using a Koréd or scraper. Rambéték, hanging in tags and slips. Projecting with an uneven edge, part long, part short, as if torn in strips. Jagged. Rambéték amat éta hattup kudu di tktlkan, those ataps are much jagged, they must be cut off even. Rambétuk, a kind of small mosquito or gnat, which is sometimes very troublesome and annoying. Ramé, pleasant, delightful. A congregation of many people. People met together for some mutual benefit, or with good intention. Pasar na ramé amat, the market is well attended. Zamé nakèr nu hajat, there was a great concourse at that feast. 50 304 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Ramé lamun kadatangan ku ronggéng, it will be delightful should the dancing girls come. This word is probably derived from Mama, C. 586, to please; delighting, charming. Ramya, C. 586, pleasing, delightful, agreeable. Ramo, a finger or toe in general. The five fingers of the hand are called: Indung lungan, the thumb, literally the mother of the hand; Churuk, the fore finger; the index finger; Jariji, the middle finger; Jariji manis the sweet finger, the ring finger; Chinggir, the little finger. ramo kékés, squirreltoes, a variety of weed. Ramohong, black, dark coloured. Rampadan, a wooden platter much used by the natives, generally painted red round the edges, with a red blotch in the centre, and the rest black. Called in Malay Dulang. Rampak, developed, expanded. Said of growing paddy of which the ears are expanded or shot out. Rampas, to seize upon; to take away by force. To distrain, to wrest. Parabot na di rampas, they seized the tools by force. Banda na di rampas, they took away his goods by force. Rampasan, a set, a lot of anything. A set of weaving materials — of tools — musical instrument, ete. Go-ong tilu rampasan, three sets of gongs, Rampé, Pandan shred fine, mixed with flowers and seented oil, to put in the hair. Rampés, good, in correct order or state, A respectful term of acquiescence. Rampés! very good, perfectly correct. Ramping, slim, slender, especially said of the body of a human being. Thin, as a cutting weapon, a sword or the like. Rampog, to assault with violence, to commit acts of depredation. Rebels or banditti who go roving about the country plundering and comitting acts ef violence. To spear animals for amusement; a circle of men is formed, each man being armed with a spear, and whenever the animal comes at the ring, he is received on the spears. The native chiefs have exhibitions on their Alun-aluns of this kind of publie amusement. The tiger is the animal practised upon, which is uncaged in the midst for that purpose. Rana, a field of battle;— occurs in the formation of proper names. Rana, C. 582, from rana, to sound; war, battle, sound; a forest. Rancha, a swamp, any boggy land abounding in water. A marsh. Ranchatan, the pole round which the tali-pitik or split bambu is platted, to make an angkul, for the purpose of constructing a dam in a running stream. Randa, a widow, a widower. A person of either sex who has been married, but the alliance exists no longer, either in consequence of death or divorce. In Malay this word has been corrupted into Janda, Randa, C. 582, a widow. Randa bëchik, name of a weed. Randu, the tree which grows the Kapuk or short fibred cotton used for stuffing beds and pillows; Briodendron Anfractuosum. Never grows very thick; is usually about 18 inches in circumference. de) AND ENGLISH, 595 Randu lëuwéung, the forest Randu, which grows wild in contradistinction to the former Randu which is only found planted, and thus generally near the habitation of man. the Randu lëuwèung is a very large tree, sometimes as much as two men can embrace. It is the Bombax Malabarieum of botany. The wood is soft, spongy and of no use. Rané, a pretty fern, growing in cool situations amongst the mountains. It resembles petty dwarf trees, and is a very handsome plant. Rang, an idiomatie expression which does not occur singly in Sunda, but in Malay and Sunda are several words which are evidently derived from it, and it appears to have the meaning of — cut through” — „dissevered”, which the whole word Rangkas implies. Lang is thus the crude monosyllable and with the usual preposition Pa= Parang is in Malay a very common cutting implement, for cutting grass, or clearing away underwood. Even Karang, a garden, may have the same origin, trimmed or cut into shape,— or Karang, coral rock, intersected in all directions. Ranggtui and Langgiong in Sunda both indicate heads of paddy which have been cut off. The Dayaks on Borneo call their Gobangs or fighting choppers Parang, evidently for the came reason. Rang'ah, a bridle; bit which has short spikes on it, such as used by the natives. Rangga, a denomination of inferior rank. An officer so called. It is of ancient date and mention is made in the Pantuns of the Ranggas of Pajajaran, Llangga Gading to wit, who was a celebrated buffaloe thief. Manga, C. 580, colour, tint, dye, resem- blance, likeness. Rangga is a degree lower than Mas, and is so far removed from the throne, that it has only a tint or resemblance to royalty. Or it may be the same as the LRanggah—buck-deer, as the sovereigns were called Maisa and K&bo, both meaning buffaloe. Ranggah, a buck-deer. A male deer with antlers. A stag. Manga, C. 590, a kind of deer. Ranggap, an inverted conical basket, used for covering fowls, especially when they have chickens. Ranggéui, a single head of paddy after it has been cut off. A single head of any grain that grows like paddy. Ranggéuyan, grain or fruit attached to a common stem. Paré ranggluyan, paddy in the ear, with grains still adhering to a common stem, and not beat out, when it would be Bangsal. Ranggiong, the quantity of paddy as tied up immediately after cutting. lt is more than a Rinchi, and less than a regular Rochong. Ranggon, an eclevated stage. A building high off the ground from which a good view can be had. A small shed perched up amongst the branches of atree. Such Ranggons are built in Mumahs where there is a fear of tigers; or on the banks of a river, from which to watch fishing traps etc. Ja is often found in a sense, as in the present case, as ifit indicated: elevated, high up. Might it be a contraction of Zra, thesun, C. 7, in which sense Ra and La oceur in the Pacific? ZEnggon in Sunda is place, spot and 396 . A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Ra-ënggon = ranggon, would be: the place of the sun, and thus any elevated place in general. There occurs also the name Pangrang'o for the highest point of the Gunung Gädé. Rangkai, an unfinished house, of which the frame only is set up, but not boarded or shut in with pagers, nor yet covered with the thatch. Rangkap, a fold, a lining. To fold, to give a lining. Karung dua rangkap, a double bag, a bag with two folds. Karung sarangkap, a single bag. Jamang dua rangkap, two folds of jackets, as a coat and a waistcoat. Bilik na kudu di rangkap, the bam- bu fence must be doubled, by adding another fold to the thickness. Rangkapan and Rangkapkëén, to add another fold. To render thick by the addi- tion of another fold. Böndungan di rangkapan ku sa lapis detui, the dam was lined with another row (of materials). Rangkas, cut through, dissevered, cut open. Rangkét, to thrash, to punish by flogging. Rangkong, a variety of rhinocerosbird; Buceros. Resembles Julang, which see. Rangrang, to fall off entirely, as leaves from a tree. In general the trees in the tro- pies change their leaves imperceptibly, some falling off, whilst other fresh ones are coming out. But on Java there are some trees which entirely cast their leaves, and become quite bare, as trees in the winter in Europe, before the new leaves make their appearance; such is the case with the Sumpur, Bunut, Kiara, and several other varieties of fig trees, K&mang, Bung'ur, Dadap, Angsana and many others — and such trees are said to become Pangrang when so bare. Rangsang,—di rangsang, to undress, to pull the clothes off. To take away by force clothes given to a servant, when turned away. Rang'u, fragile, easily breaking er snapping, breaking short, brittle. Aréui na gëus rangu, the lianes have become brittle (by exposure to sun and drying up). Rani, same as Rané, a mossy fern-like plant, growing a couple of feet high, in the shape of little fir trees. It is very handsome and elegant and grows in cool moist situations. Licopodium. Ranjang,a native bed-stead,—a bali-bali in Malay. A platform made of bambu, several feet square, and raised on short legs from the ground. On such ranjangs the natives lie, sit, squat or sleep, and also set out their wares for sale. Ranjap, to kill an animal for sale of the flesh. To exercise the calling of a butcher, who is called Tukang ranjap. To divide anything by cutting it up. Ranjéng, a dam made with a fence of wood etc. on either side, and filled up with earth between. Ranjug, abundance. Plenty in crop. Ranjug, startled, frightened, disturbed. Ranté, achain, fetters. Parantean, a person condemned to work in chains as a punishment. Rantong, to gaze in numbers; standing in a row gazing. Said of men or animals stand- AND ENGLISH. 397 ing about and gazing without fear or apprehension, Would be said of an enemy taken by surprise, or of a herd of deer found in the jungle. Ranu, a name for a lake in eastern Java. In the Sunda districts such lakes are called Danu, which is probably the same word. Ra-ong, many voices. Voices heard in all directions, Rap, the idiomatie expression of laying hands on, of suddenly taking, of taking unawares. Rap bat di chèkèël, unawares they seized him, Rapat, elose, adjoing, in contact. Maka za rapat kadujo, cause it to be close here; bring it close here, Rapatkën, to bring together, to join, to unite. Rapuh, brittle, as rattan or other vegetable fibre used as string. Easily snapping. Rara, a rope, a string, a bit of twine, See Ngarara. Rara, sickness, disease of any kind. Rarab, overgrown with weeds, said of a plantation from which the weeds are not removed. Humah na rarab, his upland paddy plantation is overgrown with weeds. Rarachak, to join, to put together, as a carpenter puts his wood together, Rarahan, a log yard. When the jungle has been cut down for a humah the fallen trees and branches are lopped short, so that they may lie close together and burn well. When the fallen forest has been so treated it is called a Rarahan, and is thus in the state preparatory to burning. Rarahong, intruders, interlopers. The followers of chiefs, whose inducement to follow him is for what they can get by plunder, under the cover of the chiefs name. Rarai këusik, name of a small river fish. Rarak, a variety of eel in rivers, resembling the Lubang, only is smaller and of a green- ish hue. Raranchak, name of a river fish, flat and broad; called also in some places Lalawak. Rarangan, any place where it is forbidden to go or to cut down the vegetation, hunt the game, or meddle with it in any way; a prohibited spot; anything forbidden, From Larang, which see. Rarangki, the bambu framework of the roof of a native house, on which the ataps are tied. These bambu frames are mostly made and tied together on the ground, and then lifted to their place on the roof, where they are made fast. Rarap, a trace of man or animal having passed; a mark on the ground of some animal. K$bo na lungit ka kalér rarap na, the buffalo was lost, and his trace was towards the north. Rarawat, to take care of, to put in order, look after, side away; to put by for future use. Rarémpo, a modified plural of Zémpo, they are call dished; they are all done for: their times are come. Said also of a single person, as if all his little matters were gone to the devil. Géus rarempo jasah, he is most miserable, most destitute, Rarik, to drill, A borer driven by means of a bow-string. © el 08 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE 0) Raris, saleable, easily sold; sold out. Raru, the act of putting either Chéng'al or Kawauwoh into the bambu containing the toddy of the Kawung palm, in order to prevent it from souring. Rasa, taste, flavour. Sentiment, idea, feeling. To have a feeling, a conviction. To think. oo Rasa, C. 587, taste, flavour, sentiment, emotion. Rasa, quicksilver. Lasa, OQ. 587, quicksilver. Rasa-an and Rasakëén, to taste, to judge by taste. To be of opinion. To consider, to experience; to try, to make a trial. Rasaksa, a demon, a goblin of Hindu mythology. See Raksasa. Rasamala, name of a very large forest tree, growing on the mountains, seldom under 1200 or 1500 feet above the sea. Grows up with a straight stem and makes good timber. From the tree exudes a gum which has a scented odour, and hence probably the name. Rasa, C. 587, taste, flavour; Mala, C. 521 — according to Sanscrit authorities it is dirived from Mela, to hold or contain in the body; any excretion of the body, as faeces, blood, ear-wax, sweat etc, etc. BRasd-mala will thus mean the tasty excretion, an exudation of flavour. Liquidammer Altingiana. Rasé, a vivena resembling Dédés, but still another variety. Viverra Rasé. asiyah, a secret, a mystery, something to be kept private. Rahasya, CO. 589, private, secret, a secret, a mystery, any thing hidden, recondite on mysterious. Raspati, a day corresponding to Thursday, in an ancient week. See Dité, Brahaspati, C. 488, the planet Jupiter. The regent of the planet Jupiter, the preceptor of the gods. Brahaspatinda in Singhelese — Thursday. q Rassah, to skin, to take off the hide. Rasuk, prods, pieces of sharpened stick or bambu used about the thatch of a roof. Im Malay Asak, to push in, to thrust in. Rasul, Arabie, an apostle, a messenger of God. Lasul Allah, the apostle of God ,‚— a name of Mahomet. Rasulan, to make prayer and offering to the Rasul (the apostle Mahomet), to return thanks for any event to the Rasul. Rat, country, land. Used in the composition of proper names. Jaya ning rat, the tri- umphant in the land. Rata, C. 581, country, a district, an inhabited country. Rata, level, free from asperities or inequalities, smooth, uniform, even throughout, alike; each having an equal share. Di bagi rata, evenly divided. Bumi rata, even off by the ground, level with the ground. Buta rata, ineonceivably dark, said of a dark night when nothing can be seen, not even your hand before you. This expres- sion Buta rata may also mean goblin level, as if the goblins had destroyed all trace before them. See Buta. Ratakën, to make level or smooth; to equalize. To make all alike. Rati, a common name for a young woman. Rati, C. 582, the wife of Kama, the In- dian Cupid, Coition, copulation. AND ENGLISH. 599 Ratib, the unanimous adoration of God by an assembly of devotees, as a mosque full of people praying. Unanimous praise and thanks giving to God, The word is Arabic: Ratna, a jewel, a gem, a precious stone. Ratna, C. 583, a jewel, a gem, anything the best; or figuratively, the best of its species. Ratu, a prince, a sovereign. Ratu Pajajaran, the prince of Pajajaran. This title of Ratu is given to the females of the royal family, as Ratu Kanchana, the golden so- vereign, is the head wife of the emperor of Solo or Jugjokarta,— the empress, the sultana. Radu, Clough 585, a king; also written Rada, and is the Elu form of Räüja. Ratu, on Bali is a title always given to princes in addressing them, but as a title before the name, it is only used for particular and eminent princes; FRIEDERICH, Bat. Trans. Vol. 23, page 83. Ratw might come from Rah, blood, Zuwa, old = Rahtu, ancient blood or descent. Ratus, hundred. Sa ratus, one hundred. Lima ratus, ve hundred, Probably derived from Rau, to gather up. Zus or tutus, nicked bambu strings used in keeping tally. A collection of such strings, when they amounted to one hundred, CRAWFURD gives Rawan, a term used in the tali or enumeration of certain objects, or cordage. Rau and Rauwan, to gather up,‚ to collect, to pick up. Kwudu di rau, it must be picked up, colleeted. Rauwan kabéh, gather them all up. Mau-tus is thus, to col- lect the tally slips, and each such collection may have been fixed at 100. Raut, to pare away, to smoothen off by paring with a knife. To whittle. To remove all asperities, said especially of split bambu or rattan. The word Rotan in Malay for rattan is no doubt derived from this verb, with the suffix an, and thus means an object which is pared away, which is whittled, since to use rattan for the purpose of tying, it must be split and the jagged edges pared off for use. Hven to this day you can often hear the natives of Borneo or Celebes call it Zautan, Though in Sunda we have thus the etymon of the word, they have a peculiar word for rattan, which they do not call Rotan or Rautan, but Moih, which see, Rawana, C. 593, the celebrated Raksha or giant king of Lanka or Ceylon, at the time it was inhabited by the giant race. Rawana was slain by Rama in the wars which he waged for the recovery of his wife Sita, whom Rawana had surreptitiously carried off to his capital Lanka, He figured in the temples as a ferocious monster with ten heads and twenty arms, in each of which he holds an instrument of war, Rawang, torn assunder, split or divided. Rawang-rawing, much torn or split asunder. In Malay Rawang implies lattice work. See Karawang. Rawatan, to look after, to take care of; to cherish. Anak éwé kudu di rawatan, children and wife must be cared for. Rawayan, one of the chief villages of the Badui people in South Bantam. Rawaya, C. 587, sound, noise, sound in general, Rawé, a noose set to take deer, Such noose is larger than Rachik, which see, and is not attached to any spring of wood. 400 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Rawét, torn in slips or strips; jagged, lacerated. To rend. Rawing, jagged, tattered, torn, In shreds, Mëulang rawing, a falcon with tattered or jagged wings. = Rawit, only heard in Chabé rawit, Capsicum Fastigiatum. The bird'seye pepper. A small variety of capsicum, but very pungent in taste, much more so than the large and usual Chabé. Im Mid-Java, as about Samarang, it is known by this name also, and called Zombo rawit, though at Sourabaya it is called differently, — Lombo lété, Rawit in Javanese means small worms, such as are in children's bodies, to which perhaps they have compared this small variety of capsicum. Rawun, a superstitious observance of the humah planters, the planters of upland paddy, via they collect sundry articles, mostly parts of plants of different kinds, bits of skin ete, and hang these over the fire in the shed which is found in every humah, under the idea, that by so doing, they will ward off evil, keep away noxious animals and secure a good crop. The articles so hung up are also called the Rawun. Raya, heard only associated with Hari, day, as Mart raya, which in Malay is —a festive day, a holiday. May be from Zaya, C. 586, to go; speed, velocity, because such a day glides smoothly away. Or it may be from Raja, great, in some of the languages of the Archipelago, transformed into Zaya, Raja in Madurese, and Raya in Achi- nese is: great. Rayah, to plunder goods from a worsted enemy. To make a foray. To take anything without permission. To plunder. Rayap, crawling, creeping. In superabundance; in plenty. Zayap bai gelëma, lots of people; people creeping about every where. Rayi, younger brother or sister, Said only of persons of good birth. Réa, many, plenty, in plenty. Rea batur na, many were his attendants. Ré-al, Portuguese, a Spanish dollar, of the value of about f 24. The old Pillar Spanish dollar used as a weight for silver or gold. Mas tilu réal, gold of the weight of three Spanish dollars. In some place the ré-al is considered as two guilders silver money. Rébab, the native fiddle, played with the gamelan. Rébah, fallen down; laid level with the ground. From being upright laid flat. Paré na glus rébah bai kabéh, all the paddy has been laid (by the rain). Jéléma na rëbah bai kabéh, and all the people threw themselves on the ground. Rébig, an old worn-out jacket without sleeves: a tattered jamang or native jacket. Rébing, broad, not narrow. Said of small objects which are relatively broad „— as plates, dishes, pachuls or the like. Large objects would be designated when broad, by Ru- bak, which see. Rébo, Wednesday. Arba, arabic, Wednesday. The fourth day of the week. Rebon, small shrimps. This word is probably derived from the word Rébu, a thousand, with the usual postfix an, and elided into Rèbon. These small shrimps, on some parts of the coast, literally swarming by the thousands The town and residency of Chirtbon, has its name from these fish. AND ENGLISH. 401 Rébu, thousand. Sa-rébu == 1000. Zilu rébu = 3000. See Sewu, Rëébut, to snatch, to seize hastily, to seize, to take by force. To scramble for anything. Main rêbutan, to play at serambling,—as the oppertunity is given to the natives by the Chinese once a year, on one of their festivals. Réeché, copper money. Doits. Réd, the idiomatie expression of tying tight, of drawing any rope or band close and well together. Rèd bai di talian, and they bound him tight. tég, the idiomatie expression of stopping short when out walking, running, riding or the like. Unchal na règ ngarandëg, the deer suddenly came to a stand still. Régang, brushwood or small tangled bushes cut down; boughs and tangled twigs or other vegetable matter, after they have been cut‚ laid against a fence, a buffaloe shed etc. to prevent thieves getting in. Régangen, to throw Régang into water to prevent people from using casting nets to take fish.— Régang laid against any place. Rëgas, brittle, easily breaking, readily snapping. Zal na régas, the rope is brittle. Réeëdëd, indicative of binding or fastening. Régödid bat di talian, he bound him by putting a rope on him. R&gis, name of a small fish in rivers. The same fish is called Génggéhék at Buitenzorg. Réhé, lonely, no one stirring, solitary. Masup ka imah Zuklur réhé, went into the house, at a time when no one was astir, Maha, C. 588, solitariness, privacy. Rëjang, women who play on the Zèrëbang and accompany it with dancing and singing. These are not common Ronggéngs, and occur in Bantam. Else where called Bëdaya. Réjim, Arabie, stoned, pelted with stones; execrable, accursed,— CRAWFURD. See Audabila. Rék, the idiomatie expression of looking, of casting a glimpse. Rek ka luhur béh aya, and casting a look upwards, there it was. Rékép, close joined, without any interstice. So close as not to allow the passage of water. Impervious. Keeping matters secret. Aytuna bindungan na rékép, now the dam is closed up, or impervious. Pagèr na rékép, a fence which is so close set that no fowls or small animals can pass through. MRékép amat éta jélêma bogah béja, how close that man is about the news. | Rém, the idiomatie expression for reaping as the natives do it, by snapping each indivi- dual straw, when cutting paddy with the Etém. R&m bai di pibuatan , and seizing the ears they cut the paddy. Gèrrah rèm rém, go to work and eut (the paddy). Ruman, according to CRAWFURD, is in Malay rice straw, which no doubt has its etymon in the Sunda Rèm. Rémbang, name of a Residency and chief place on the north coast of Java. Rémbés, oozing through or out as water. Water or liquid leaking and in small quantities. Rémpan, fearful lest, in trepidation, in expectation of some accident oecurring. Rempan ku bist, inggis kusugan, fearful in case that, wavering with a perhaps;— a native aphorism. Bémpég, growing and thriving in numbers, — said of plants. Collected ,— said of materials 51 402 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE which have been collected together for any particular purpose, as the materials for mak- ing a house or the like. Réëmpug, of one accord, by common consent, unanimous. Kudu rémpug sd lumbur habéh, the whole village ought to be unanimous. Rëmuk, smashed to atoms, broken to pieces, squashed. Jélëma na ragrag ti na kayu, rémuk sakali Julw na, the man fell from a tree and smashed his head. Pingping na kagiling kréta, rémuk, a carriage wheel passed over his thigh, and smashed it. Rénang-rénung, indicates springing or sprouting as plants, and running along the ground as creepers. The Malay word for to swim; appears to be derived from the first word of this expression, and becomes bë-rênang, literally to run out like a creeper plant, that is to project itself forward. Rénda, lace. Réndah, humble, modest, lowly. j Réndang, the rainy season, say from November to March. Réndé, dwarf, small. Applied to some plants. Pinang réndé, a dwarf betlenut tree. Réng, a lath of a house roof; slips of bambu or wood fastened on the rafters of a roof, to which to fix the tiles or ataps. Réngarëng, running along the ground, as a creeping plant; throwing out long and creeping shoots. Réng'ik, erying with a low voice; snivelling, whining. Réngkung, a noisy sort of instrument. A Pananggung or carrying stick, which is so constructed that in makes a screeching noise when used. Réngsé, in order; work accomplished; cleared up; satisfactorily terminated; used up. Pagawéan kula gëus réngsé, my work is in order, is accomplished. Kejo na gèëus réngsé, the boiled rice is all cleaned up (eaten up and done). Sia to bisa bogah réngsé, can't you manage to terminate matters satisfactorily ? Rëniyah, cracked, split. Rénjéh, worsted in battle; thrashed and driven away. Defeated. Rénténg, an enclosure made with a fence of rough branches or logs, laid horizontally and supported only here and there by uprights. Kandang rénténg, a cattle pen or fold, made with an enclosure constructed in the rénténg fashion, often used tempora- rily, or as a place to turn the buffaloes into, early in the morning, before they are set free to graze. Réntul, in numbers. In a flock. Rénung, springing up, as herbs, weeds etc. etc., spouting out. Rényung, a variety of small tree with red bark and hard wood; where it grows is ge- nerally bad land, Zagal rënyung, a space of land where the rönyung grows. Réos, champing in eating, munching. Rep, the idiomatic expression of quiescence; of a noise being hushed in silence; of a light having gone out, AND ENGLISH. 403 Répéh, quiet, not making any noise. Hushed in quieseence. To hold one's tongue. Glus répéh di jlro imah, all was quiet within the house. Di tanya—répéh, when he was asked, he held his peace. Zo daik répéh, he would not hold his tongue. Répok, the state of relationship between man and wife. The feeling and sentiments of man and wife. Goréng répok na, a naturally bad feeling or state between man and wife, when every thing goes wrong. Not that they actually quarrel, but some fated circumstances cause all matters to turn out badly. Many natives divorce themselves when they get it into their heads that their rëpok is bad. Rérab, to cook by putting into the fire to scorch. To singe. Rérég, quick, speedy, in haste. Barany gawé téa sing rérég, let your work be quickly done. Rérégan, bed-curtains. Any curtains stretched across a room. Rérëk, name of a large tree which produces a fruit which can be used as a substitute for soap. Sapindus Rarak. Resëk, mixed with sand,—as rice with sand and small stones in it. Said of a cloth or mat which has sand on it and is uncomfortable. Résëp, pleasant, agreeable, delightful. Giving pleasurable feelings. Rési, a saint, a holyman,—as applied to old people in Hindu times, who separated themselves from the world for religious purposes. Zishi, C. 595, a saint. Rëu-ai, having numerous children or offspring. Réuchëéuh, to cut or slice up, said of meat or anything soft. To hack a man or ani- mal to pieces. Lamun to bönêr aing vluchtuh, if it is not true, cut me in pieces — a forcible expression, sometimes heard. Réu-éui, putting a sort of dye upon thread, or on a fishing net. The same as Zèu-&un, which see. Réu-éuk, smoke, vapour. Smoke curling up on high. Réu-éun, a lixivium prepared with a certain bark in which fresh made nets are dipped. The r&u-Zun turns the nets black but preserves them from decay. Rëu-ëup, closed in, —as the day, or a man’s life. Sunset. Dead. Pot gÜus rlu-up, the sun has set. Jélèma na gëus rëu-tup,‚ the man is dead; literally the sun or the man has closed in. Réuhëuk, a tumultuous and noisy cry. The cry of many people. The barking of several dogs. Full ery. Nu de lluwtumg rtuhtuk bai, those in the forest are crying in all directions. Anjing na réuhtuk bai ngudag bédul, the dogs were in full ery chasing a pig. Same as Rahtuk. Réujéung, along with; in company with. Di ayakan rêujtung, invited to go along with, Réujëungkën, to put together; to unite. To put in each other's company. Réëumah, the ground where a humah has been the previous year, and which is reverting to a state of jungle. It is probably the etymon of the Malay word rumah, house, as the native has always his house in such plantations, while the erop is on the ground, and in a rude state of society probably always lived there, till he could remove to another place, the next season, after he had cut down and burnt off the jungle. Vide mah. 404 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Rëéumis, the wet of dew. The dew water hanging or grass or on bushes in the morning. Réundéuh, name of a plant growing wild among the mountains. It is low upon the ground, and has a rather broad leaf, which the natives eat with their rice. It is called at Batavia Kaktjt, Ruta Graveolens. Ngala rtundéuh ka lluwtung bogah balanja. seek for the Réundéuh leaves in the woods and you will have pocketmoney. Réunéuh, pregnant, big with young. Méuntuh laki, the male pregnancy, said of grow- ing paddy which just begins to swell previous to the ears coming out. Gedértunêuh, advanced in pregnaney. Said also of growing paddy which is about to burst out into ear. Réung'as, name of a tree which has wood like mahogany, and makes handsome furniture. When growing, this tree gives out, when cut‚ a juice or exhalation which swells up the face or body of the woodcutter,. Gluta Benghas. Réung'as manuk, name of a forest tree. Conigeton Arborescens. Réunggang, name of a tree. Memeeylon Finctorium. The bark of this tree when boiled makes a pretty good black dye, but it soon washes out. Réungyit, a mosquito. Simulium, Culex. Called in Malay Nyamuk. Réuntas, tumbled down, fallen in. Chukang na rëuntas, the bridge has tumbled down, Saung na réuntas, the shed has fallen in. Réuntëut, to become compressed together; collapsed. To press down. Paré na nga- réunttut, the paddy has settled together (when piled in a heap). Réuntëutan, to shampoo; to give relaxation to the body by pressing and squeezing it all over with the hands. Called in Malay Pijtt, of which the natives are very fond, when fatigued or wearied. Réurëujëungan, to accompany, to go along with, All together; in one kand. Réyang, Ï, my, a personal pronoun. Used only as a pet word, and is perhaps more properly Javanese, and by them only used in some places. Jawa réyang, a Javanese who makes use of the word Beéyang. This is thus rather a moek name. Ewé réyang, my wife ,— said rather jauntily, This word will admit of the interpretation Rae, C, 601, night; a name of Kama, the Indian Cupid, and Zwang, divinity:— the night divinity, and taken to mean Z, mine, conveys an idea of presumption = the lord of the night, Ribëng, erossing and running in all directions; going promiscuously about; coming from every quarter. Ribut, a storm; a tempest; a violent gust or blow of wind. mah, tanghal kalapa &u- rlunytuh ku ribut, the houses and cocoa nut trees were blown down by a storm, or violent gust of wind. Ridi, breeding fast, Constantly having young. Rik&s, broken, smashed; much injured and broken. Knocked to pieces. Pédati na rt- kës, the cart is broken up entirely. Rimbas, a carpenter's adze, An instrument for squaring wood used like a hoe. Rinchi, a small quantity of anything with stalks that can be tied together, especially paddy. Half of saktuptul or a handful. A very small bundle of paddy. AND ENGLISH. 405 Rinéh, to do anything deliberately and well; having plenty of time on hand, At leisure. It is the reserve of Kakëpuk. Kudu di sambut ari rinéh, it must be done when there is plenty ef time on hand. Ring'at, split, cracked. Showing marks of disseveration. Ringgang or Ringgëung, tottering, likely to fall or tumble down. Zmah na ring- géung amat, the house is on the totter of falling. Ringgit, a Spanish dollar. Ringgit, name of a mountain near the sea shore between Basuki and Panarukan. út is an exploded volcano with a very fancifully shattered head, whence it may have pro- bably got its name, as Ringgit in Javanese means scenic scenes, comical figures, and hence also the Spanish dollar has been so called from the devices impressed upon it, Ringgit is also a name of Bima, one of the heroes of the Mahabarat, Ringgit, cut or scolloped on the edges, crenated. Hence probably the application of the two former words. Ringkang-ringkëng, said of the movements of a person or of an animal in a shady place, or amongst bushes, where he is not distinctly seen. Ringkës, drawn into a narrow compass; arranged in neat and compact order; any materials tied or collected neatly together. Barang na gêus ringkts dai lumpang, his goods were drawn into a small compass, as he was on the point of setting out, Ringkus, to tie together the legs and arms of man or beast, mostly the legs of the latter. When a native kills a buffaloe, he trips it up, ties all four legs close together, which is called ringkus, fastens the head back to a stake, and then deliberately says a short prayer, and cuts the throat, the animal not being able to move. Rintahan, turn, time, a spell at work; a fit of anything. Hwjan tilu rintahan, three fits of rain. Sa rintahan séwang, each a turn. Nw prang ngarajang dua rintahan, the men who made war, attacked at two separate fits. Rinu, cubebs. Called in the Malay of Java, kamungkus. Piper Cubeba, It is sometimes called tail-pepper, from the stalk always adhering to the corns, Used as a medicine, Rinyu, the white ant. Termes. The small destructive insect which, in a tropical climate, is so destructive to all woodwork, which it eats up. Called in Malay Rayap. Rinyung, name of a small sized tree, never grows very thick even in old forests. Has a very hard and substantial wood. Called also Rönyung. Ripuh, in commotion; in a state of excitement; tumultuous; in an uproar. Bipu, C. 595, an enemy, an adversary. Riri, a duck, a tame duck. Ririg, direction, posture. a mana ririg na, in what direction has he gone, Airig na ka wétan, its posture is towards the East. Ririhan, to make overtures to; to sound as to intentions; to make an offer for, Kebo na di ririhan, to daik di jual, T made an offer for his buffaloe, but he will not sel! it. Amt di rirdhan, to puguh nembalan nana, if you sound him. his answer is indefinite, 406 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Ririwa, a ghost, a spirit that arises from the grave to trouble mortals. Riya, a word heard only in conjunction with Jaka, a young man, as Jaka Riya. Liya, C. 595, one of the names of Anangaya, the Indian cupid. Jakariya was the title assumed many years ago by a rebel in Bantam. CRAWFURD gives Zèiya in Malay as: playful, sportive, frolicsome. Riyëéus, to grind fine by rubbing down upon a flat stone, called Pangriyëusan or Batu giling; to rub and grind down any vegetable matter to a pulp,—as curry stuff, me- dicaments ete. Batu riytus, or Batu giling, a rolling pin of stone for using upon the Pangriyëusan. Riyëut, headache, dizziness in the head. Dizzy. Riyul, walking off with; taking anything away without compliment. Zliyul bai di bawa, to nanya dèui, and off he walked with it, without saying another word. Roa, the eighth month of the Mahometan year. Called also Arawah and Saban. Roai, a variety of pulse or Kachang. Roang, the spaces between the wooden posts or pillars of a house; a compartment; a division, a section; a stall; a row; a bed of anything planted. Zmah tilu roang, a house with three compartments,— that is the main upright posts are four. stal sa- puluh roang, a stable with ten stalls. Kachang opat roang, four rows of pulse. Roangan, planted in rows; arranged in rows. Roban, robbers, plunderers; good-for-nothing people who rove about and live by their wits. A demon. Pényakit roban, the small pox. Any sudden and violent disease, which soon kills the person attacked, and soon disappears again, Such disease is ascribed to the influence of some demon. Roda, a wheel, a carriage or cart wheel. A carriage, a cart (from having wheels). Roda, C. 600, a carriage wheel. Rodék, covered with scabs and ulcers. Ulcerated. Rogo, to take out of a little hole; to grope for in a small hole,— as a man might grope for fish in holes in the bank. Roh, Arabie, spirit, the soul (of a living body). Boh al kudus, the Holy Ghost. Rojok, to poke at with a stick or spear in a hole; to ram at, as the charge of a gun with the ramrod. Aya maung di jéro liang, di ropok ku twmbak, there was a tiger in the hole, and they rammed at him with spears. Buku awi di rojok datang ka to- blong, the diaphragms of the bambu were poked at till they were knocked away. Roko, a segar, a cheroot; a bit of tobacco rolled up in a Nipah or Kawung leaf for the purpose of smoking. The word Roko is evidently derived from the Dutch rook, smoke, and roken, to smoke. Roko-roko, name of a bird which enly occasionally visits the mountains, and that at the time-when the sawahs are run under water to plough; a kind of wild duck. Ít often destroys the fresh cast paddy seed, by paddling among it and eating it at night time, AND ENGLISH. 407 Roman, the person, the body, personal air; kind, shape, appearance. Rombak, to demolish, to pull to pieces; to pull down, as a walled building. Rombéh, the full blown flowers of the Honjé plant. Rombéne, torn, tattered. Jamang na rombéng, his jacket is torn. Boboko rombéng, >? a tattered rice basket. Rompang, broken in a gap; the edge broken. Gunung rompang, a mountain with a split top or crest. When the cup of a crater has burst out, that is called rompang. Bèdog na rompang, his chopper is broken in gaps,—the edge broken in gaps. Jélë- ma na rompang, a man who has lost some teeth. Rondah, Portuguese ronda, the round, the night watch. Military rounds. Patrol, Orang rondah, the men on watch at night. Ronggéng, a publie dancing girl; a woman of easy virtue. Pondok ronggéng, a house of ill fame; the place where the ronggéngs live, Ronkah, valliant, daring, courageous. A brave man who is supposed to be invulnerable. Rong'od, the fruit of the Tépus plant. Rontog, what falls off, droppings. Paré rontog, the paddy which drops from the bun- dles when moved. Rontog,—as di rontog, to come upon suddenly; to catch by making a sudden spring. To surprise. Di rontog maung, he was caught by a tiger (springing upon him). Rontogan, in grinding paddy, that part of the operation when the grain is separated from the straw. Ronyok, many in a heap; in an assembly; multitudinous. Ronyom, to attack in numbers; to assault; to kill; to overpower; Ropong, gaping; standing open; showing in an aperture. Zeopong bat maryëm di ka- pal prang, the muzzles of the guns were seen in the man of war,— that is the open- ings of the muzzles were seen. Pagèr na ropong, the fence was gaping in holes. Hence Toropong, a telescope, being a tube to look through. Roréng, striped like a tiger. Anying sî roréng, a striped dog. Roris, to make an inventory of men and their goods. To take a census. Rorod, run away with; stolen; eloped. Banda na di rorod, they ran away with his property. Awéwé na di rorod, he eloped with the woman. Rorog, a row or consecutive tier of beds in a sawah, or irrigated rice field. Sa rorog éta gati di chai-yan, that row of sawahs it is difficult to get under water. Rorogan, part of the native loom; the stand or piece of wood or thick bambu, on which the Barra is thrown, as it is drawn out from the web. A row or tier in sawahs. Roronggosan, to follow a woman from place to place and to hold private communi- cation with her. Rorongko, a small temporary too-fall shed, put up in a hurry in a humah after burn- ing, before there has been time to make a proper saung, or shed. The rorongko is 408 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE thus a temporary shelter of ataps in a humah, often found at a distance from the main shed or saung. A temporary shelter put up also in the forest, where into pass the night. A temporary shelter wherein to watch by night. Rorongsokan, odds and ends of silver or gold ware. Old gold or silver ornaments which are spoiled, and only fit for melting over again for fresh use. Roros, dished; done up; non-plussed. Discomfited; used up; no more remaining. Ro- ros sia dytuna, you are now done for, Roskam, Dutch, a curry-comb. Rossa, strong; substantial; having great force. Violent in temper; coming it strong; passionate. ossa amat éta jéllma, that man is very strong. MNiyëun dangdanan rossd, to make substantial work. Bossa amat hajat, to hold a very great festival. Mandor sok rossa ka nu leutik, the mandor is often violent with the people. Z&ulèui rossa bai ka kula, he was immediately in a violent rage with me. This word is very likely derived from rosha, C. 600, anger, wrath,— which indicating violence, the word has been used for any display of energy or force, either bodily or mental. Roti, bread, the bread of Europan's made of wheaten flour. Roti, C. 847, unleavened bread made of rice flour, Rowas, startled, frightened; overtaken by a sudden fear. Rowog, greedy, guzzling with eagerness. Having a ravenous hunger. Rua, shape, appearance, look. Sa rua, of one appearance, similar. Madé rua na, he has a good look. Bua na goréng, the look of it is bad, Pua na daik goréng, it looks as if it was going to be bad; he looks as if he meant harm. Zuwa, C. 597, an image; beauty; comeliness; handsome, elegant. This is very likely the etymon of Dua, two, implying, parity, similarity. See Karuan. Ruang, to bury, to put under or into the ground. Mayit na glus di ruang, have they buried the corpse. Batu éta kudu di ruang, that stone must be buried. Rubak, broad, expansive, wide. Papan rubak, a broad plank. Kain na rubak, the cloth is wide. Rubu, Arabic, a quarter, used only when speaking of a division of the property left by a dead person. Rubuk, taken ill; confined to your bed with sickness. In Malay Zubuh is, to tumble down, to fall, to come to the ground. In Sunda it is restricted to falling il. — To fall in any other sense is Eunytuh. . Rugël, often, frequently, repeatedly. Géus rugël tëwyn sia di papatahan, you have so often been warned. Léwmpang na rugèël ha gunung, he often goes to the mountains, Rugëlan, to do a thing often, to do a thing again and again. Kudu di rugèëlan bai, mohal to éléh, you must do it again and again, it will be sure to give way. Rugi, loss, damage; loss in trade. Dugi, C. 276, poverty, indigence, need. Dagang ttullur rugi, in trading I have directly had a loss. Zeugt bangët, a very great loss. Rugrag, said of persons who have a kind of slow disease upon them, by which the tat had ae AND ENGLISH. 409 body pines away,‚— supposed to be in consequence of some exertion by which the bowels have become disarranged, Rugrug, to fall of itself,—as a tree; said of a tree blown down by the wind, and torn up by the roots. Said also of earth slipped dowa from the face of a hill, as among the mountains after heavy rain. Ruhai, blazing up; alight as fire; in a blaze. Ruhak, a firy stick; a stick fresh out of the fre. Embers, Wood that is burning and alight, Rujak, any green or raw fruit, as mangoes, pineapple er cucumbers etc., shred up fine and mixed with sugar or any sweetening or seasoning, and then eaten. Considered a cooling delicacy in the heat of the day, but well adapted to bring on a fit of cholera. Ruka, fallen,—as a tree blown down by the wind. Uprooted and cast down. Rukan, Arabie, aid, support;— this word only occurs when talking of religious matters. Ruk-rék, casting the eyes about in all directions, On the gui vive. Prying. Rukun, Arabie, a fixed number or extent,— in matters of law. Rum, Arabie, Constantinopel. The Turkish empire, This word is evidently the Rome of Buropeans. When the Turks conquered Constantinople, the Roman government was established there. Rumah tangea, Malay, but sometimes used to express a proper and permanent house, such as will ensure the residence of the oceupant. Mwumakh, house, Tangga, ladder, a ladder house —thus well and properly built, and not merely consisting of a few sticks stuek in the ground, which is called in Sunda Zmah tëblok, Rumégang, said of plantain fruit which in only half ripe, and not yet ft to eat, Ruméntang, squatting on, perched upon. Rumpak, to tread on, to tread down, to get upon which the feet. Sing hadé klmbang na, wlah di rumpakan, take care do not tread down the flowers. Karumpak, trod- den down. Kaso na kudu di rumpakan, the tall reeds must be trodden down. Rumpak-jami, harvest home. The paddy straw trodden down in reaping. Jami is here an abbreviation of Jèrami, paddy straw. Gèus rumpak jami, also means: an affair has been settled; a division has been made; the advantages have been enjoyed. Rumput, a close tangled thicket. A bush of any vegetable mass which a man cannot walk througn. When trees and lianes, even overhead, are so tangled and intermatted that a man cannot make his way through them, it is called Runiput. In Malay Rumput is grass, which in Sunda in called Jukut. RKunchang, to induence so as to be well disposed towards others, Jampé er incantation to induce a person to marry. Rundaikën, to open out, to unfold, to unfurl, to fling loose, as a cloth that was folded up. Rungkad, torn down, blown down by the wind, WUprooted. Torn up by the roots and fallen to the ground, as a tree blown down by the wind. Fetched way, Torn violently off. 52 410 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Rungkang, a shadow. Weeds, twigs. Rubbish. Rungkéël-ringkël, turning and winding, like a path in a forest. Tortuous. Jalan na rungkèêl-ringkël, the way was tortuous or winding. Rungkup, and Rungkapan, to surround, to hem in, to encompass with the intention of catching. Bèdul hasup kadung'us kudu di rungkupan, the pig ran into a clump of trees and must be hemmed in. Lauk kumpul di luwi, laku di rungkupan, the fish has collected together in a deep pool and can be caught in a casting net. Rantah, filth; useless choppings, cuttings or leavings. Anything which makes a litter. Runtah na kudu di singkirhtn, that litter must be put out of the way. Ulah niyëun runtah di diyo, don’t make a mess here. Rup, the idiomatie expression of covering up or enclosing, as with a net or basket. Rup bai di héwrapan, they flung their nets. Rub bai kotok di turuban ku ranggap, the fowls were covered up under a split bambu basket, Rupa, appearance, shape, What can be seen, Anything produced or accomplished. To bisa rupa, he eould not produce it; he could not bring it about. Pagawáan sia gÜus rupa? has your work assumed shape,— have you done it? Jéllma na di rupa, the man did not make his appearance; the man had no work to show. Kudu rupa sorangan, you must show up yourself. Rupa, C. 598, natural property or disposi- tion; form, figure; appearance, semblance; any object of vision. Rupa-rupa, of various sorts, an assortment. Rupiyah, a rupee; a Dutch guilder. The word is Persian and Hindu. vurah, the same as Lurah, a village chief. Rurugan, to attack; to set“ upon in numbers, as when troops or bands of men go to war. Burugan kapagumwumgan Bantan, to proceed to make war among the mountains of Bantam. Ruruntuk, any spoiled worn-out implement or thing. So much spoiled as to be hardly useable. Göus suruntuk jasah, it is quite spoiled or worn out. Mulung ruruntuh batur, picking up what others have thrown away as useless. Ruruntuk prang, people or implements which have been smashed or shattered in battle. Zo aya ruruntukan, totally destroyed; so much spoiled that there are not even the smashed leavings fût for use. Rusak, spoiled, damaged, injured; pulled to pieces; destroyed. Zusak nakër patahu- nan kami, our yearly plantings are totally destroyed. Musak ang'ën, the heart des- troyed „—- confounded or overwhelmed with afflietion. Rusëb, rough and unpleasant, set full of impediments, in a litter. Any entanglement which prevents free motion. Tangled and in confusion. Buwas, a joint of bambu, or more properly the tube between two joints, used to hold water or any other material, The tubes between the articulations of any plant, as in the grasses. When bambus are very large they are called Lodong, whichsee. The space between two joints in the body, as in the Angers, AND ENGLISH. 411 Ruwasan, having articulations or joints. Ruwis, the edging rope of a net. The rope which passes along the edge of a net, by which it can be hung up or distented. Ruyuk, a bush; shrubs. Any small collection of bushes or dwarf jungle. Chartuh na hasup ka ruyuk, the charéuh ran among the bushes. See Ngaruyuk. Ruyung, the wood of palm trees. The outer horny part of the tree, which surrounds the soft part within, from which, in some cases, sago is made. Zuyung is very hard and horny when cut transversely, but splits easily length- wise. 5. Sa, one, the numeral of unity,‚— especially when combined with some other word. Sa orang, one man, one person. Sa orangan, alone. Sa tangkal, one tree. Sa imah, one house. Sa manuk, one bird. Sa, appears to be of Sanscrit origin and a con- traction of the word Saha, ©. 121, a partiele and prefix signifying union, associa- tion, with, together. Thus we have in Sunda Sa hiji for one, which see, and in Malay Sa tu or Sa watw,— with or by means of a seed,— with or by means of a stone, to in- dieate unity. Sa has been very extensively used in the formation of words in Sunda, as well as in other Polynesian tongues, as will be seen by reference to what follows, where it will be found at the commencement of the word, and has chiefly the meaning of: by means of,— by the intervention of — as long as (referring to duration of time) — having in use,‚— wearing ‚— of one common origin. Sa is often used instead of Saha even in Singhalese; see Samara, Clough, page 710, which is composed of Sa for Saha, with, and Mara, an enemy,‚— having the passions subdued. So also in the word Sama, which is used in Malay for with, along with. This word is also Singhalese and is found in Clough, page 709, meaning:— even, equal, similar, the final ma being constructive. In Sunda:— Sa dudukwi, is wearing a hat; Sa jamang, wearing a jac- ket; Sa bèdog, wearing a chopper; Sa kÈbël na, as long as, whilst; Sa wmur Arup, as long. as vou live; Sa akal na, by means of his device; Sa panjang na, at its full length; Sa chat, by means of water. Almost all the more refined people of the Archipelago have Sa in some shape to indicate One, and only the more barbarcus people of the islands, on the Eastern verge of the Archipelago, have words for One which are totally different. We must, however, except the Rejangs of Sumatra, who use Do for one, but again these same people have Duy for two, and the rest of their numerals are closely allied to those of the Malays. How these people of the Archi- pelago came by these Sanscrit words to express One and Two is very perplexing, as though they are Sanserit, or can be traced to an intelligible Sanscrit origin, they are not the usual words in that language for Ône, which is either Ek or Eka,— which is 412 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE also the case in Singhalese, as well as in the Kawi and Pali of Java, which had their origin from the continent of India. We can hardly suppose that the rude people, whom the Hindus found in the Archipelago, had no idea of numbers at all, and that they readily adopted Hindu words to supply their deficiency, for these same people have the rest of their numerals complete with pure Polynesian words, and even the savages of New Holland can count up to two and three, but no further. One might almost suppose that Sit or Sa hijt and Dua were brought to the islands by the prime- val settlers, who came from the continent, long before the trading and religious Hin- dus visited this part of the world, either for the sake of its rich natural products, or to seek a refuge from persecution at home. The word for three, which in the Lam- pungs is Zalu, in Sunda, Batta and Bima Zolu, in Saparua Oru, and in Tahiti Atoru, is merely a compound of Za or Zo, not, and Rua, parity or appearance, which is a contraction of the Sanscrit Rupa, C. 598, or Ruwa, C. 597, an image, form, figure, appearance. An instance in which a Sanscrit word has been combined with a pure Polynesian particle. Lupa-rua have given Dua, two in most of the languages of the Western parts of the Archipelago, and exists also in Latin and Greek ete. So extensive is the range of this small word, Sa-apan, a sloping stage of split bambu erected in the river, with the down river end sticking well up, free of the water which passes between the materials. Upon this stage the fish are thrown by the strength of the current during fioods, and where they are then secured. Sa-at, dry, run dry, dried up. Walungan chai glus sa-at, the bed of the river is dry, Sa-atan, to run dry. To drain off the water. Saba, to go to, to visit, to frequent. Zilok di saba, I never go near him (or it). Saba, nearest male relative, on whom devolves the obligation of sanctioning the marriage of a woman. Saba, occurs in the composition of proper names. As Wira Saba, the present Mojo- kérto in the residency of Sourabaya, and the seat of the ancient capital Majapahit, Wira, C. 667, a hero, a warrior. Saba, C. 707, an assembly, a company; and thus an assembly of heroes. Saban, the eighth month of the Mahometan year, called also Bulan Arawah, or Bulan Roa. Sabandar, Persian, the shabandar, the collector of customs. Kantor Sabandar, the Custom house. Sabar, Arabic, patient; patience, forbearance. Kudu sabar, you must have patience, Sa baru, ten Dutch doits, also called Sa wang baru, a new wang. Sabda, Sanscrit, command, order, mandate, decree. The word of God. To pronounce with solemnity. Sabënërna, correctly, properly speaking. In truth, truly, justly. Sabët, to strike with a whip or switch, to apply the whip; to flog an animal, Kt®bo kudu di sabët, you must apply the whip to the buffaloe; you must fog the buffaloe, AND ENGLISH. 413 Sabëéulah, one side, one half, the side of, the other side. Side, quarter, direction, Sabtulah ti wétan, on the East side. Sabèulah ti diyo, on this side. Sabtulah ti ditu, on that side, Di béré sablulah, he gave a bit or piece, Sablulah na dêui, on the other side. Sabéulahkën, to set aside, to separate, to put apart. Sabil, Arabie, occurs only in the expression Prang sabil, a war between Mahomedans and disbelievers or infidels. Javanese Dictionaries give Sabil as: deadly, implacable. Prang sabil is thus: implacable war,—as with infidels who can have no mercy. Sablak, the idiomatie expression of drawing a weapon. Drawing a weapon, as a sword, with a flourish, Pë&dang na sablak bai di tarik, with a flourish he drew out his sword. Sablas, eleven. See also Sawëlas, and Wêëlas. Sabrang, on the other side of the river, or any water. On the opposite shore, Foreign; outlandish. Kwda sabrang, a foreign horse. Bakakas sabrang, outlandish utensils. Nyabrang, to cross the water, Sabrangan gëdong, on the bank of the river opposite to the mansion. Daik ka sabrang, Ï want to go over the river; I wish to cross the water. In Sumbawa they talk of a Brang réa, which means the great river (Batavian Transactions, Vol. 28, page 23). Brang is thus in the language of Sumbawa: a river, and will lead to the analysis of Sabrang on Java, where it is modified to mean: crossing a river, or across a river. Sabuk, a sash, a belt, a girdle, worn round the loins, Thesameas Béubëur, which see. Sabun, Portuguese Sabao, soap. Sabung, to fight cocks. It is more usual to say Adu kotok, literally to fight cocks. The word Panyabungan, for cockpit, or cock fighting place, is in use. Sabut, the fibrous, hairy substance which envelops the shell of the cocoa nut. This substance, when teased out, is somewhat like oakum, and is then spun into yarns for making rope, or used for stuffing cushions etc. Sacha, open and sincere. Sata, C. 699, true; certain; sincere; honest; speaking the truth. Chunduk ka ratu, sacha ka ménak, submitting to the king, clean-breasted to the nobles, í Sachanggëum, a handful. See Changogëum. Sada, sound, noise; the cry of an animal, a bird or an insect. De sada, it emits a sound or ery. Sada, C. 700, sound, noise. Sadagori, the name of a humble plant, found about grass lands which are kept short by cattle grazing, often found near houses or villages. It has a wiry hard stem, with numerous small leaves serrated on the edges, and bears a pretty yellow flower, with five petals, terminal to the twigs. This name sounds Sanscritic, and yet for so simple a plant, it is odd to find a foreign name, where the really indigenous names of most plants are so common. Sada, C. 700, always, at all times. Gowri, C. 185, one of the names of the goddess Parvati; a young girl, eight years old; any young giel prior to menstruatien; a maid, a virgin; the wife of the deity Varuna; 414 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE the earth; turmeric; a yellow dye; a plant. Some plants are so called which Clough mentions. Sada-gowrt may thus imply: always yellow, or always a maid, from always flowering,— which would be a very appropriate name, though for so humble a plant is almost unaeccountable, unless the panditas gave it that name from growing much about their dwellings, and as if it were seeking their protection. Sadana, an epithet used in Jampés, as: Sri Sadana. Sadana, C. 725, from Sadha, to complete, accomplishing, effecting; wealth, instrument, agent. Srj Sadana is thus probably: your highness who accomplishes, who can give effect, who is perfection. A Jampé begins with: Allah hwmah Sri Sadana— Oh God thou art He, the Lord of perfection (of whatever is accomplished). Sadang, a variety of small palm tree growing along the south coast of Bantam. Sadangan, name of a climbing plant or liane with pretty white flowers, called at Batavia Krak nasi. Badapan, toddy tapping, the act of making jaggory sugar. The tree which is in the act of undergoing the process of tapping for the palm wine from which the jaggory sugar is made. Zo bogah sadapan, I have no jaggory sugar-making going on. See Nyadap. Sadérék, a brother or sister. Derived from Sa, Saha, with, one. Daeriya, C. 291, a child, an infant; and Ef, éka, one subjoined. In the same way as Mintha, a man in Singhalese becomes with this adjunet Minthek. Thus Sa daeriyék or Sadérék, being infants together, or infants of one mother. Sadiya, ready, prepared. The more usual word is Chawis. Word evidently Sanscerit. Clough’s nearest approach to the word is Sadhitd, from Sadha, to accomplish, to perfect, and ta, affinative, accomplished, finished, In our case the word Sadha has annexed to it the very common termination ya in place of ita. Sadu, an interjection used at the commencement of some Jampés or invocations, as: Sadu! kami méré nyaho, which may be translated: with perfect submission! we bring to your notice. The same word is used in Ceylon, as an interjection to attest the admiration of the people on any solemn eccasion, especially when the old relie in Kandy, called the Dalada, supposed, or given out to be, Buddha’s tooth, is carried in procession. Sadhu, Glough, 725, (derived from Sadha, to accomplish, to perfect, and U affinative) a particle or interjection of assent and approval: Well done, Bravo! Äs an adjective it means: good, excellent, pleasing, beautiful, right, fit, proper. Saduana, both, the pair of them. Derived from Dua, two. Sadulur, brotherly, in the sight of a brother; on very confidential terms. Sadur, name of a base metal, composed of silver or more especially gold mixed with copper. _Pinchbeck. Sa-éur, to put earth upon; to fill up a hole or opening in the ground. To lay with. Jalan gëdé di sa-lur ku karé-és, the main road was laid with gravel, Saga, name of a creeper producing a small scarlet pea with a black spot. These peas d | EN AND ENGLISH. 415 are used in weighing gold or gems. Abrus Precatorius. The Rutti of the Hindus. Saga, C. 694, swarga, paradise. Perhaps these grains, from weighing such valuable substances, were considered to be grains of paradise or swarga. Sagala, Sanscrit. Every, all, everything. Sagala manusiya, every human being. Sa- gala parabot, all the tools. Sagara, the sea, the ocean, Ba C. 694, the ocean. Sagi, see Përsagi. Sagu, sago. The esculent or granulated pith of some palms. On Sumatra it is made from the Swmbiya palm, which is probably our Arai. The Sunda people make it from both the Ktrai: and Kawung palms, but only for food when paddy fails them. Clough gives Sagu for sago, and calls it Portuguese in his 2 vol. voce Sago, but does not repeat the word in the Singhalese and English volume, where we, however, find Saguna, C. 694, from Saha, with, Guna, a part, twofold, double; but Guna is also: valuable, useful, and Sagwu may be a contraction of Saguna, what is valuable the useful substance, which the Hindus Buen apply to the to them new commodity when they first visited the isles. Sah, Arabie, proved, approved, authentic; effective, valid, admissible, A term used in adjusting matters according to Mahomedan law. Saksi na hanto sah, the witness is not admissible, Sah, Persian, a king. The king at chess. Sabandar, the king of the trading port; the collector of customs. Saha, who, which individual. This word would appear also to be Sanscrit. Saha, C. 121, a particle and prefix signifying union, association, with, together; also presence, present time. This word reduced to the more simple form of Sa means One, and it will be seen that it is used extensively in composition where it is the initial syllable and then mostly means: with, possessing, having, along with. Sapa and Siapa, who, in Malay, are supposed to be derived from Sinapa, to be enquired after. Saha nu daik, who will be willing. Saha nu méré, who gave it. Sahadat, Arabic, profession of faith, confession, testimony. Sahadat Slam, the Ma- homedan profession of faith. Sahagi, name of a liane with a sweet flower. Gouania Mauritiana. Sahëutik, a little, a trifle. Sa, see voce. H&utik appears to be a modification of Lèu- tik, little, Ménta sahtutik, I ask for a little. Sahid or Said, Arabie, a martyr. A common name for a man. Many Arabs on Java have this prefix to their names. Sahid, a small bambu basket, much carried by women under the arm and fast to the scarf round the neck and shoulders. Sahiji, one. Sa, one. Hit is evidently the Malay Bij, a seed, which is the Sans- crit Bija or Büjaya, CO, 474, an egg; seed of plants; semen virile; the germ of anything. From this we might expect to find Sahiji or Ss as Malay, but that 416 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE is not the case, though in Malay, the name for the Sunda is Watu, Sesamum Indi- cum, a plant from the seeds of wich an oil is made, is called Wijén, which is Wiji-an = Wijén; and Bijt alone is,a seed. Mit or Bijt for seed is not used in Sunda, and it is strange how they should have adopted a word of Sanscritie origin from the Malays, who do not use it in the peculiar ordinary sense of enumeration, though Sa bii or Satu bijt is current there, alluding to any small bodies or seeds. Sai-itan, di Saiïtan, to reset a trap which has got out of order; which has sprung up hike a Bachang and not caught anything. Sa-ir, a metrical composition. A poem. A tale told in verse. Sajarah, legends, history; a chronicle. Origin. Sajati, a word which occurs only in Jampé or incantation, but to which no clear mean- ing is attached. CRAWFURD gives Sajati, truly, veritably. Jati, C, 209, birth, production; reunion of the soul with some other body. Kind, class. Race, family. Sa, one, with. Sajatt, of a common origin. Saji, a cover to put over cooked provisions, sweetmeats and the like, mostly called Tu- rub sajt, the saji cover. It is made of Pandan leaves, in an oval shape, or like half of a hollow globe. The Zurub saji is generally painted red, and answers to our dish-cover. It is probably derived from sajja, C. 695, prepared, got ready; adorned, ornamented; or sajjita, C. 695, armed, accoutered; dressed, decorated, ornamented. And in Malay, MARSDEN, 157, is: to prepare or serve up (victuals). In CRAWFURD: to prepare and lay out an entertainment. Sak, Arabie, ungodly; disobedient to the orders or wil of God or of parents. Not elear, not correct and clear in what we do. Jéltma sak, an ungodly, or undutiful person. Saka, the era of Saka, commencing 78 years after Christ, and is the one in common use in Ceylon. Clough, 723. Aj? saka, is the person who is supposed to have given origin to this era, which was also introduced into Java, and is still continued as the Javanese era, in contradistinction to the Christian era, Saka is also, C. 691, his, his own, one's own, and Aji saka will thus imply: the-Aj1, or distinguished person; one not troubled with a mundane soul, who is of himself, as it were self existing. Niiden AS Saka, name of a fish in the rivers and in ponds. Barbus Armatus. Sakali, once, a single time. Sakali, at all; very. Forms the superlative degree. Utterly, entirely. Zo bogah sakalt, I have none at all. Bagus sakali, very good, most good = best. Zn kapanggih sakalt, Ï only once met him. Sakalian, by the same opportunity; at the same time. Sakali-kali, at all, by any means, ever. Zo nyokot sakali-kalì achan, I never took any on any occasion. Sakalikën, to do at the same time. To make or do together — along with something else. Sakarat, Arabic, on the point of death; at the last gasp. In the agony of death. AND ENGLISH. 417 Sakaur, inclusive of; comprehending all that. Sakaur nu kollot, ala, take all those which are old (said of fruit ete). Kirünmktn sakaur nu jangkung, send all those (in- eluding all those) who are tall. Sakawan, five nyéré of thread;— an expression used by the weavers. Sakawan in Malay: a flock, a herd, a company. Sakawasa, as far as he is able; as far as in your power lies. Sakdéan-kéan, so much as; as much as; quantity, amount. Sak&bel, as long as (in time). During, whilst. Saktbel ka chat, whilst I was in the river. Sakëéjëp, any very short space of time, a twinkling. Sakëlat, Persian, woollen cloth, broadeloth. Also sometimes velvet. The Persian word means scarlet or scarlet cloth, but the Islanders have adopted it for any cloth. The Sunda people use mere frequently the Dutch word Laken for cloth, Sak&udéëung, a moment, a short time. Saktudtung amat, a very short time. How quiek you have been! Sakëurëut, a piece, a slice; a bit cut off. Sakiang Santan, the adorable Buddha divinity;— words occasionally heard in the mouths of the natives but of which they can give no intelligible account. Süúkya, C., 724, a name of Buddha. Myang, divinity. Santan, C. 708, calm, tranquil; worshipped, praised, adored. Saking, a word expressive of excessiveness, or superlativeness, without forming compa- rison. Saking is the word sa, one, and King, of. But sa has here rather a pos- sessive meaning, and implies, with; as if we could convert the conjunction of into a substantive and make it: of-ness, and thus say, as in the following example: the of-ness of height. Saking ku luhur, from its excessive height. Saking kw masakat, from his excessive poverty. Saking ku hayang, from excessive desire. Saking ku gtring, from excessive sickness. Sakira-kira, about, nearly, by guess. In a manner suitable to. Approximately. Sakit, by good luck, happily. As luek would have it. Sakit na to lZwimpang, luckily IT did not go. Sakit na maki, happily there was enough. Sakit na to datang, as good luck would have it, he did not come. Saksërak, to look diligently about and seek. To examine a place thoroughly. To search carefully. Saksërëk, said of a boat or other floating body grazing along the bottom in shallow water. Prahu téa saksërëk baù onggël parakan, the boat provokingly grazes along the bottom at every shoal place, Daksi, a witness, a person who gives evidence. Sakshi, C. 724, Sa for Saha, with, Akshi, the eye, and thus eye-witnessing, what we see with our eves. Saksian, to refer to any for evidence. To witness, evidence itself, Testimony. Saksikën, to bear evidence, To attest. Cr ©a 418 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Sakti, supernatural power. The power possessed by the people of old before their con- version to Mahomedanism. Sakti, C. 698, strength, power, prowess. Saku, a pocket,— probably the Dutch Zak, a pocket. Sakuliah, the entire, the whole total. See Kuliah. Sala, interval, space between. Any intermediate time or space. Sala mangsa, out of season; at an unseasonable time of year. Sala occurs in the composition of proper names. Salatiga has probably some reference to a time of year intermediate with the Musim katiga or third season, which is the dry season, or when the dry weather frequently occurs in intervals. Sala, by way of exception. Sala sa ordng, any one man of a multitude, one by way of exception. Sala si, any one; it matters not whom or which. Sala, probably derived from Sa, one, by means of —la, lah, derived from Alah in Malay, over- come, conquered, beaten. This Alah is heard in the Malay Kalah, worsted, beaten, discomfited; but Alah in this sense does not now exist in the Sunda. Salada, European, salad, lettuce, watercresses. Salada ehai, water salad, watercress;— grows in mountain streams. Salah, wrong, faulty, erroneous. A fault, crime, offence; error, mistake, transoression. Salahkën, to put at fault, to ascribe fault to any one. To incriminate. Salak, name of a bushy prickly shrub. Salakka Edulis; has a fruit covered with im- bricated scales. Salak, name of a mountain, a little to the south of Buitenzorg, about 7000 feet high. Salak is probably derived from the idiomatie word Lak, to make a noise, or cry out, and is heard in Ngëlak, to yelp, in Sunda, Salak in Malay is to bark, to yelp. Thus a person getting in contact with the plant, which is so full of sharp thorns, would be apt to get wounded and cry out. May we from this meaning of yelping, barking or growling, infer that in former times the Gunung Salak was in a constant state of eruption and so merited this name. A solfatara, to this day, is still in active existense on its Western flank, but the main mass of the mountain has long be in quiescence, and from Buitenzorg it may be seen that a large breach exists on its northern side, like a break in a tea-cup,‚ and which, at some unknown period, no doubt, was caused by a paroxysmal blow up of the mountain, Salaka, silver, In Sunda also exists the more common word Peérak for silver, which is pure Polynesian. Salaki, a husband, This is a strong case showing the combination of the Sanscrit Sa, which see, with a pure Polynesian word — Laki, man. Salaksa, ten thousand, 10,000. See Laksa, Salam, name of a forest tree, Myrtus Cymosa, or Syzygia Cymosa. Leaves and bark eaten. Salam, Arabic, salutation, peace, The word occurs in the following Arabic expression, which natives make use of on eertain formal occasions, when they meet and salute each other. The first person who speaks says: Salam aleikum, peace be unto you, on which the other replies: Aleikum salam, unto thee is peace. AND ENGLISH. 419 Salamat, Arabie, prosperity, welfare, safety. Safe, prosperous, In Sunda it also im- plies: attended with blessing, uninjured, by divine favour. Salamat datang, is a friendly way of welcoming the arrival of any one, and may ke rendered: may a blessing be upon your arrival. So also Salamat jalan is a benediction at departure: may a blessing be upon your going away. Salang, slings for carrying a heavy weight. A circle of matted liane or rope suspended to each end of a pole for the purpose of carrying anything. Salapan, nine. Literally: one folded down. See Lép= Salépan. The fingers of the two hands representing Zen, one folded down and Nine remain. Salapan blas, 19. Salapan puluh, 90. Salaparan, one of the names given to the island of Lombok, which is likewise called Sasak. Sala, C. 719, a house, a hall; a rock, a rocky mountain. Paran, C. 862, preeminence; final beatitude, Nirwana. Thus: the abode of bliss, or the moun- tain of final beatitude, after the great mountain called the Peak of Lombok. The Hindu worshippers who are the chiefs and governers of Lombok, descended from Bali, may have given their island this high sounding name, retaining the Polynesian position of the words Sala and Paran, and not making it Paransala, which the more orthodox Sanserit form would require. Salaput, as tall as a man; a mans height, Mostly used to express the depth of a hole. Liang na lCuwih salaput, the hole is more than a man’s height. G&us di kalian mêu- nang salaput, I have dug it out to my own depth,—so deep that the top of my head is even with the top. Salasa, Arabic, Tuesday. Salasah, a trace or mark; trace of what we have done. Michtun salasah, to destroy the trace; to put on a wrong scent. To mislead. Salasar, a large mat or Kajang, made of Changkwang leaves for temporary use. Salat, Arabie, the singular of Salawat, a blessing, a prayer, a benediction. Salat-istika, praying for rain. Prayers offered up in times of unusual drought, asking for rain. Words are evidently Arabic. Salatiga, name of a place and district inland of Samarang. Sala means an interval, a short space between. Katiga is the dry season. The constructive Ka of which being elided, we have Sala-tiga, implying that the dry season keeps recurring at intervals, or with short spaces of wet between. The ground on the flanks of the mountain Merbabu is very sandy and droughty, so that, with short intervals of dry weather, the soil becomes quite parched up and dusty, the dry season or Katiga appearing thus frequently to return and disappear again, Salaton, Delirium. Violent and mad with illness. Salatri, a sudden and violent fit of illness, whereby the patient becomes senseless. Called at Batavia Chika, which according to CRAWFURD means: the cholic; gripes. Salawat, Arabic, prayers, the plural of Salat, a blessing, a prayer. 4920 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Salawat, money given to people who assist at a burial, probably from the preceding word, and thus originally meant to designate money paid for the prayers or benedic- tion of those who accompany a corpse to the grave. Salawé, the number twenty five, 25. Salawé is also a word used in ancient counting of money, as applied to Pichis or Chinese cash, and is equivalent to one Dutch doit of the present time. See also Satus, Satak, Samas, Séwu. Lawé means thread in Javanese. Thus Salawé is probably a thread or string of such pichis. Salé, dried fruits. Plantains sliced and dried in the sun in order to preservation. Di salé, to dry by hanging up over fire, or by exposing to the rays of the sun. Salëbër, expressive of flying or moving rapidly. Away they moved off. Salëbir bai Mibör, and away they all flew, Saléh, Arabie, virtuous, peacably disposed, good. Salémpat, a plant. Colocasia Vera. Saléndro, viz Gaméëlan saléndro, the name given to a full and complete band of native musical instruments. Saléséh, terminated, cleared off. Paid in full, as a debt. A difficulty solved. Brought to a conclusion. Salésér, moving slowly, wriggling. Salésma, the complaint called a cold, a cold in the head, Salasima, MARSDEN, p. 177, an obstruction, stoppage, retention, strangury. Saligi, a wooden dart. A stick sharpened at the end, and hurled as a spear. Saliksikan, di saliksikan, to have the head scratched by another person to get out the lice or other filth. Salikur, twenty one, 21, See Likur. Salimut, a bed covering, a coverlet, quilt, or anything to cover up the body whilst asleep. Salin, to pour from one vessel into another; to draw or rack off. To shift or change dress. To translate. The word may be derived from Lina, C. 608, hidden, con- cealed; from changing appearance. Salindungkén, to conceal, to hide any person or thing. Zina, C. 608, hidden, con- cealed. See Nyalindung. Salingkuh, prevaricating. Deceiving by telling lies. Salipi, a bag, a sack. Salira, properly ki salira, name of a tree in great request for burning charcoal for the use of blacksmith’s. Cyminosma Laurifolia. Salisih, to differ, to vary, to disagree. Differing, disagreeing, wrangling, Salisih and Salisihan, to make a trifling present or offering, as of rice, eags or kuéh ete,, to an evil genius who is supposed to have caused some evil or sickness. The offering is made under the idea of redeeming the soul of the sick person, which is thought to have been taken by an evil spirit. This is a remnant of Anti-mahome- dan superstition. AND ENGLISH. 4921 Salompét, a trumpet. Salumpir, the coarse sort of natural bagging, growing about the head of a cocoa nut tree, at the insertion of the nuts on the tree. It is sometimes sewed up into bags to hold copper doits. Samak, a mat. A mat made of Pandan leaves to sit upon. Ampar samak, to open out or spread out a mat. Mak appears to be an obsolete idiomatic expression for anything laid out flat. As Samak, a mat; Lamak, a rag of cloth. Papak is also perhaps derived from Pa-mak= Papak, level or even on the top. Samanéa, used in the expression, lain samanéa, which is an expression of admiration, of astonishment, amounting to: I had no idea of it,— how good it is,— how admirable. Samangka, a water-melon, Cucurbita Citrullus, Samar or S&mar, a character in Javanese romance. Probably from Samar, ìn Javanese: secret, occult, disguised. In Malay also Samar, MARSDEN, 159, to disguise, to assume a disguise; to spy;— perhaps from this character assuming a disguise and being a spy. A character in Sunda pantuns,— he has a pot-belly, is a kind of farce maker who always carries his point, Samar is also said to be a name for Bima. Samar, not likely, not probable, Samar datang, it is not likely that he will come. Samar bisa bayar, it is not probable that he will be able to pay. Samar kabéh datk, it is not likely that all will be willing. Samara, C. 709, a name of Kama, the deity of love, The Indian Cupid. Oeccurs sometimes in Jampé, and heard occasionally as Asmara. It occurs also in the com- pound word Kasmaran, a jampé by which love is induced. Sang Yang Samara, Bat. Trans, vol 22, page 42, another name for Kama. On the Champéa Estate occurs the river Chi-asmara, at the Western base of the Gunung Salak, which no doubt refers to the god Samara. Samara, C. 710. Sa for Saha, with; Mara, an enemy: having the passions unsubdued. Samarang, the second town in rank on Java, Batavia being the frst, and Sourabaya the third. It is probably derived from the name of the Indian Cupid Samara, with the Polynesian Ng suffixed. Samas, four hundred, The number 400, An ancient method of counting Chinese cash, Samas is equal to 16 Dutch doits. See Salawé, Sawé, Satus, Satak, Séwei and Mas. Sambal, any savoury condiment to eat with rice, mostly made up with capsicum; cap- sicum or chillies pounded up into a paste to eat with food. This is very pungent. Sambang, occurs only in Llad-sambang, the circuit court (of Justice). CRAWFURD says Sambang, in Malay and Javanese means: patrol, a night watch, which weuld give the meaning of Patrol court, Circuit court. Sambang, Malay, MARSDEN, page 180, a patrol, a nicht watch. Bambara, ingredients. What is put into anything cooking, or any compound mess which is being prepared, Perhaps a corrupted form of Saberhana, MARSDEN 162, 499 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE whole, entire, complete; thus a little of everything, as natives are found of having great variety in all that they prepare. Sambër, to seize, to pounce upon, as a bird of prey with its talons. Di sambèr hlulang, a hawk pounced upon it (and took it away). Di sambër gëlap, he was struck by lightning ,„— as if the lightning had pounced upon him. Sambörilen, the diamond beetle. | Samb&t, a small hand— net to catch fish, like the landing net of an angler in Europe. It is a bag of net stretched round two twigs bent in a circle, Sambha, C. 718, a name of Indra. Sambhawa, occurs asanamein Sambhawa Pakuan. Sambhawa, C. 713, from Sum, implying perfection or intensity, and Bhawa, being, cause, origin, birth, production. Pakuan is Pajajaran. Sambhawa Pakuan, having its origin in Pajajaran. Sambhu, C. 718, from Sam, auspicious particle, — Bhu, to be. A name of Siwa, also of Brahma: A sage, a venerable person, a parent, a progenitor, Sambilan, a piece of wood which passes through the buffaloe yoke, one of which des- cends on each side of the neck of the animal, by which it is thus yoked by a Sawad or band passing under the neck, and joining the two lower ends of the Sambilan. Sambrani, an imaginary breed of horses; a sort of Pegasus. Supposed to be able to fy in the air. Zwumpak kuda sambrani, mounted on a Pegasus. Sambung, to join on, to splice, to piece on to something else. To unite. Sambut, to take in hand. To perform any work, to work at. To go out to meet; to receive with all due honours. Sawah éta kudu di sambut, that sawah must be worked. Paréntah éta kudu di sambut, those orders must be complied with. Di sambut ka la- wang kèbon, he went out to meet him as far as the garden gate. Sambutan, what is taken in hand; work undertaken, Sawahs which are being ploughed or worked. Saméunang-mèunang, by all possible means; by every endeavour. Do your best. Samëunangna, as far as you can manage; whatever can be got; what is got. Sampaì, name of a rattan, resembles Sampang, and used for same purposes, Pampaikën, to hang up cloth or clothes on a rope, piece of bambu or the like. To put clothes across any object by way of putting them away, or hanging them out to dry. The word in Malay is Ampei, to hang out, to hang (as clothes) MARSDEN, page 16, without the initial S. Sampalan, properly: pasture land, from Nyampal, to graze, any grassy land where cattle may be fed. Sampan, a river boat, a cargo boat on a river. Properly Chinese Sam, three, Pan, planks. It may be, however, from Mambana, C. 786, a large boat, a dhoney, with Sa the Polynesian prefix, Sa-hambana, Sampan. Hamba, C, 786, haste, speed; ra- pidity, and may thus originally have meant: a fast boat, ampang, name of a thick, stiff, unbending variety of rattan much used for spear hand- les and walking sticks. Colour in shades of red, 5 AND ENGLISH. 493 Sampé, is properly Malay, but still frequently heard. Sufficient, enough. Arrived. Come to, Sampéan or Sampéyan, used as a pronoun of the second person towards a person of high rank. Your highness, your lordship. Sampéan dallm, his highness the regent. Probably derived from Sam, C. 718, an auspicious particle— the same as used in the word Sambhu, from Sam, auspicious particle, and BAw, to be, a name of Siwa or of Brahma, Clough 713. Piya, C. 897, a father, a husband, a lord, a woman; a foot; pleasing, agreeable, beloved,— with the Polynesian An sufûxed. Thus it will imply: the object or person who is our auspicious father or lord. CRAWFURD gives Sampéyan, a pronoun of the second person in addressing a person of high rank; lite- rally: the feet. Sampéyan, as shown above, will also admit of the interpretation of: Your auspicious feet,— out of reverence, as it were, addressing yourself to no higher a part of a great man, than his feet, Sampéong, a contrivance of straight sticks tied together with numerous strings, for the purpose of carrying earth or other rude matter; such a sampéong is carried on a pole between two men, and is quickly made for temporary purposes. It is also some- times called Laha. It looks like a piece of wooden grating. Sampër, to call and take; to call and see. To call and put oneself in communication with. To avail of some facility already existing. Art daik ngègrit kudu kula di sampèr, when you go out hunting in a cart, call and take me with you, Ngadangdanan kandang nyampêr kayu hirup, in making a buffaloe shed, availed of a living tree (which stood where it could become useful as a pillar). Samping, a body-cloth,—the Malay Sarung. The etymon of this word is probably Ping, which when duplicated to Pingping means the thigh. Sa for Saha, with, and M in- terposed for euphony, and will thus mean: something to put round the thighs. The Malay word Sarung admits of a Sunda solution. Sa as above, and Rung, to sur- round, heard in Rungkup, to surround, to encompass. The Samping or Sarung is like a wide bag with the top and bottom open. Sampiran, a clothes-horse, A frame to hang clothes on. Sampogkën, to add up. To cast up an account, Sampurna, perfect, consummate, faultless, Sampurna, C. 712, Sam, intensitive, Purnna, full, finished, whole; entire, complete, finished, Samsam, the holy well in the Kabah at Mecca called Zamzam. Samsir, Arabie, a sword, a scimitar, A priest's knife with which he slaughters animals after saying the Mahomedan form of prayer. Samsu, Arabic, the sun. Occurs in this shape in the Pancha lmas, Samsudin, a man's name often occurring. The sun of the faith. Shems, Arabic, the sun, Udin, of the faith (of Mahomet). Samudra, the sea, the ocean. Not in ordinary use, but occurs in the formation of proper names, or in reference to the sea in Pantuns. Samudra, C. 711, the sea, the ocean. This word is often converted into Gamudra, which see. 42 d A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Sana, this word has no separate meaning or use in the language, but is found frequently in the composition of proper names of places, occurring at the end of the word. It ought to be properly Asana, from Asanaya, GC. 66, a seat. Singasana, proper name of a place. Singasana or, as it is written, Sinhasana, CG, 180, derived from Sinha, a lion, and Asana, a seat: a throne being supported by lions, Sanak, relative, kindred, a blood relation. Sa and Anak, child, of one descent. Zo sanak, to baraya, I have neither relation or kindred. Sanapan, a fire lock; a sporting gun. Dutch Snaphaan, a fire lock. Sanblah, Arabie, the zodiacal sign Virgo. Sancha, the Boa constrictor. See under Orai. Sandi, a joint, a joining, an articulation in the body. Sandiya, and Sandhi, C. 704, joint, union, junction. Sandi-kala, the joints of time; a fit time; certain periods of the day, which are not properly ascertaimed, but in general terms are sun-rise, sun-set, noon. Sandhi, C. 104, joint, and Kala, CG. 120, time. Sanding, against, close to. See Nyanding.. Sandingkën, to set against. To place in contact with. Sandungan, tripped, stumbled against. Sanég, pain, cramp, spasm, Sang, an honorifie prefix. A word prefixed to the names of Hindu gods, or persons appertaining to old Hindu times. May be translated: the mystie, Sang Yang or Séng- yang, see voce. Sangna, C. 695. Sam, with, intensitive, and Gra, to know; name, appellation, thought, mind, intellect, Thus a prefix implying: perfect knowledge. Sangaji, a king, a monarch; hardly ever heard and will only apply to monarchs of old See Sang and Aji Sang'ar, lost its virulence. Dispossessed of the qualities of Wangsit, or supernatural power to do harm. Sang'at, extremely, excessively, in a high degree. Very pernicious, very poisonous. Di gégél oraï sang'at amat, laju paih, he was bit by a snake which was very veno- mous, for he immediately died, Sang'at amat sihtun na, he was excessively afraid, Sang'ërah, to bleed, as an animal, a horse, a buffaloe or the like. To cut with the inten- tion of letting blood. Sangrar in Portuguese: to bleed. Sane’ ërai, to fry, to dress food in a frying pan. Sangga, as di sangga, to catch anything in the act of falling, with the hands held up oo for that purpose. Sangga, to bear up, to support; to protect. Sangga, in some parts of the country fve, and in others, as at Jasinga, ten bundles of paddy. Sangha, C. 688, multitude, number, collection; the Buddhist priesthood; a convocation of priests, five of whom constitute a Sangha. Sangga-buwana, name of a mountain in the south part of Jasinga, meaning: the support of the universe. AND ENGLISH. 495 Sangga-buwana, said of a horse with for feet white downwards from the knee joint. Sangga-dulang, said of buffaloe horns which stand upright on the head, but have the tips bent inwards. Sanggal, a variets of Supa or fungus, Sanggan, having the hoens held back over the shoulders, as buffaloes do when frightened. Buffaloe horns which naturally fall backwards. Sanggap, to catch anything which is thrown at one. Sanggapan, a place to tap off water, or to let it into the sawahs etc. Ap, in Clough’s Sing. Dict., 84, water. Apa in Sanscrit, ab in Persian, are both: water. Sanggar, a small domestic chapel or place of worship attached to the dwelling house in Bali. Friederich, Bat. Trans, vol. 22. Hence probably the Sunda Langgar, which see. Sanggaringan, name of a riverfish in some parts of the country. Called at Jasinga Kébo-grang. Sanggul, to tie up the hair in nice even order. To dress the hair of people of rank. To dress the hair of people of low degree, is Gëlung, which see. The hair dressed in a knot and tied on the top of the head. The term applies to the hair of people of good birth, so tied up. Sanggul, to coil up a rope. To collect a rope in short lengths. Sanggup, to undertake to do anything. To feel competent. To have assurance, To Sanggup, 1 dare not undertake it. Sanggupan, to engage to do. To promise some reward. De sanggupan Buruh kébo sijï, he promised him the reward of one buffaloe. Sangkala, date, period; number. Era, epoch. Sang,a honorific prefix. Kala C. 111, time. Occurs in conjunction with chandra, GC, 194, the moon. Chandra Sangkala is properly a Javanese expression but applies generally to Java. In the Javanese Dic- tionary of Roorda van Eysinga, the following account is given of its acceptation: computations by the moon, the light of princely dates. Under this name there exists a Javanese work which contains a register of words, the purport of which is that you can select such as both express the dates, and record the fact to which they are made toallude. A chronogramma. For example: Sirna =O, Hilang = O, Kertaniung = 4, Bumi = 1. These are read backwards, for the date „disappeared, lost is the peace of the land.” This refers to the destruction of Majapahit in Anno Javae 1400.— Sangké, to take on the fore part of the arms, below the elbow, in order to carry easily. Sankép, competent, having in your powertodo. Sufficient for any purpose. Swaggering. Sangkëéul, to die thread black, by the use of Katia, which is a bark, not found in the Sunda jungles, but probably imported from China. Sangkilat, a piece of rope tied in a circle and twisted about the ankles so as to hold them fiemly together when climbing a small stemmed tree, such as the Pinang-palm, which has no branches to hold on by. This word is perhaps a corruption of Sangkha- lika, C. 688, a fetter, a chain for the legs and feet. 54 426 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Sangku, a square dish with a cover, such as a European dish for potatoes or greens. Sangku, the name of the tall, eylindrical metal pot in which vermicelli or Laksa is prepared. The pot is high and pierced with numerous small rond holes at the bottom. Into this pot is put a mixture of fine rice flour mixed with water till it becomes a soft dough. A piece of eylindrical wood fits tightly into the pot, and is pressed down by a lever of wood laid horizontally on it, and this forces the dough through the holes at the bottom of the pot, which runs out in long strings like vermicelli and is collected in water beneath. This rice dough is then called Laksa, and is used in semi-heathen superstitious observances, either preparatory to commencing to plough the land again of sawahs, or appeasing the fury of tigers etc. The Badui people of South Bantam have also the sangku-pot in much requisition for preparing the Laksa which is used at their superstitious festivals. On communicating with Mr, Friederich regarding this word, he writes me:— Sangku in Sanserit means — the trunk of a lopped tree; the skate fish; a javelin; a pin; a stake, a pale; a name of Siwa, the penis; a member; the small fibres of a leaf; sin; a goblin, a demon; a sort of perfume, commonly Nadhi; a goose; an ant-hill; a Gandarbha attached to Siva; the gnomon of a dial, usually twelve fingers long; fear, terror. It is written with the palatal s (c). Sangkutaru in the Sal tree (Shorea Robusta). Sangku wriksha— idem; Sangkura, formidable, fearful, frightful.”— There is also a Clt Sangku, or Sangku river, far back among the mountains on the Bolang Estate, falling into the Chi Chirian. Sangkut, to catch, to be detained or arrested, as a rope against any impediment. En- tangled, impeded, stuck fast. Any unexpected detention. Sangkutan, obstacle, obstruction, hinderance. Sangsangkën, to hang upon; to hang up. To hang up by throwing over a stick or rope, as clothes are hune up. Pangsara, poor, needy, indigent; in misery and want. In trouble or affliction. Ehis word sounds Sanscritie and on referring to Clough, 690, Sansara is a highway, a prin- cipal road; going, proeeeding. Sansara, C. 690, derived from Sam, together, and Sara, to go; mundane existence; transmigration, renewed or continued existence. Metem- psychosis. — This may have applied to the Buddhist priests who must go about and beg their food from door to door, and from that circumstance the Javanese may have applied the word to mean: indigent, poor, needy. Sangsat, all nonsense, humbug, not to be believed. Rediculous, deceptive, Sangsayakën, to slope off. To cut with a slope. To cut diagonally. Sangsturikën, to laugh at. See Séuri, Di sangseuriktn batur, my neighbours laugh- ed at me. Sang'u, boiled rice, — a refined expression. Sang wëdi, a stirrup for riding. The stirrup of a saddle. The word is probably Javanese, derived from Sangga, to bear up, to support; widi, fear: a support in fear, Sangyang, a god, a deity. A supernatural person. Sang, honorifie prefix; Hyang, divinity, godhead, See Séngyang. AND ENGLISH, 427 Sanin &n, name of a tree, Castanea Argentea. The fruit is eaten, being a kind of chesnut. The shell of the fruit is covered with sharp prickles like needles. Sanjaya, occurs asa title or disignation in some Jampés. San, C. 687, in composition: with, together, being the optional form of writing Sam before a consonant. Jaya, C. 206, victory, triumph. Convictorious, appears to be a forcible way of expressing triumph. Hariang Sanjaya, divine convictorious Krishna. Santak, the time drawing nigh. To be overtaken with the time of anything. Santana, petty nobles, noblesse. Thus the collateral branches of chiefs. Santana, C. 108, from Sam, before; Tana, to spread, family, race, lineage; offspring, progeny. Santausa, easy, tranquil. Free from pain or trouble, Rest, peace, repose. Santosha, C. 703, from Sam, with, and Zusha, to be pleased; joy, pleasure, delight, happiness. Santën, name of a variety of turmerie called Konéng santën. Santér, violent, forcible, impetuous. Said of disease or of running. Santolo, a rope made of twisted buffaloe hide, and used where it is an object to have strength, or that the rope should last long. Santri, a young man studying the Mahomedan religion. A disciple, a scholar. Any man who strictly adheres to the Mahomedan precepts, a devout man. Sanéri pro- bably originally was a person who adhered to the Hindu religion, and was transferred to a devout man, when the natives became Mahomedans. San, C., 704, is the inten- sitive prefix Sam; rayi, C. 248, the three principal Vedas of the Hindus: Santragt, =Santri, a person who studies these three Vedas. Sanyana, assuredly, in truth. To speak the truth. Sa, see above; Gnana, C. 215, wisdom, understanding, knowledge. Sanyana ma to bogah, to speak the truth I have not got any. Sanyana sia to méré, assuredly you did not give it. Sa-orang, one person, an individual. Sapa, to imprecate, to invoke some evil. To call a curse upon. Sia di sapa ku aing, I will call a curse upon you. Sapa, C. 705, to revile, to curse; an oath, an im- precation. Sapa, C. 726, oath, affirmation by oath or ordeal. Curse, imprecation, maledietion. Sapangéjo-an, as long as a pot of rice is boiling. Sapanjang, as long as; the whole length of. All along. Sapanjang chat, the whole length of the river. Sapanyëéupahan, as long as a man is eating a quid of Sëéuréub. Sapar, Arabie, the second month of the Mahomedan year. Saparo, a half. A part, a portion. Sapasang, a pair, a couple. Sapat, cut through, separated. Got through with a job of work. Composed of Sa, by means of; Pat, cut off evenly, or cut through. Sapatala, the seven infernal regions of the Hindus. See Patala. This word is Patala with the prefix Sap, an abbreviation of Sapta, C. 706, seven, an ought thus to be properly written Sap-patala, 428 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Sapatu, Portuguese, gapato, a shoe. Sapato panjang, a boot, called also Stuw?l or Zs- tiwil. (Dutch, Stevel). Sapëèrapat, a fourth part, a quarter. Sapërji, asparagus, found in gardens of Europeans. Dutch Aspersie. Sapöupëuting, the whole night through. Sapi, a cow, a bull, The cow kind; Bos taurus. MNyo-o sapi, to keep cows. See Cho-o. Sapih, to part, to separate, as combatants or people holding a dispute. Neither gaining nor losing; quits; an even contest, Sapinuh na, to its full; as much as it can contain. Sapirah, how much, what. Sapirah umur jéléma, how much (how little) is the life of man; what is man's life, Sapirah na jalan ka lwmbur, of what extent is the road to the village! meaning how little it is. Piro, Javanese, how much? Sapréti, like to, as, in a manner, according as. Sapréti nu bogah kuda, mumul nyuku, like people who have horses, they are unwilling to go on foot. Mayang sapréti batur, I wish to have it (or be treated as) after the manner of other people. Saptu, Arabic, Saturday; name of the seventh day of the week, or the Sabbath of the Jews. Sapu, to sweep, to wipe, to brush; to smear or lay on any liquid, as paint, tar or the like, To scourge, to punish by flogging and scarifying the back. To make a clean sweep. To destroy or take every thing away. A broom; a brush for laying on paint, whitewash or the like. Burwan kudu di sapu, the space in front of the house must be swept. Sapu apu, to whitewash. Sapu chat, to paint. Sapu nyéré, a broom made of the mid ribs of the cocoa nut leaf. Mukum na di sapu, his punishment was to have his back scarified (with rods). Nagara éta di sapu rampog, banditti have made a clean sweep in that country. Sapuk, of one accord, agreed upon, with common consent. Kudu sapuk jëun batur, we must do it with common consent of our neighbours. Sapuluh, ten, or one gathering up. See Puluh. Saputangan, a handkerchief worn about the person, but not on the head. The word is Malay and is literally Sapu, wipe, Zangan, the hand, Itis nevertheless in universal use in Sunda. See Chëréchét and Tëlëkung. Sapuwas, to hearts content. To satiety, to repletion. Saradat, slipped on the ground, said when the legs glide from under a man when the ground is slippery. Sara, C. 714/15, going, proceeding; Dat, C. 255, teeth: a going on the teeth. Sarah, drift wood in a river which has got jammed fast, so as to impede the passage, Sarahkën, to yield, to deliver up; surrender, resign. Sarai, a variety of palm tree growing wild in the forest. The Upih of this palm is used for making the outside fold of Kèpéks or native travelling baskets, as it is proof to rain and wet. Caryota Furfuracea. À Sarakah, causing trouble and constant annoyance by having to look after. Sarakak AND ENGLISH. 499 tluyn bogah &mbé, sok nyatuan paptlakan batur, it is very annoying to have goats, they are constantly eating what the neighbours plant. Sarakal, standing up in prayer. Getting upon the legs and holding out the arms to heaven in prayer. Sarakit, a pair, a yoke of buffaloes or other cattle used for draucht. Saralak, the cross slips in a bambu g#dég, or in wattled bambu work, by which the whole is matted together. Sarang, soon used up, soon expended, as the oil of a lamp. Sarang, the cross laths of split bambu which are tied upon and hold together the Da- rurung of a native house, and on which rest the Palupuhs. See Darurung. Sarang, di sarang, to hang up the rice block or its stampers, or even a flag, Umbul, in order to get dry weather. A superstitious practice, Sarang'éngé, the sun. The more usual word is Mata-poi, Sarangka, a scabbard, a sheath, a case for any weapon. The sheath of a gobang or sword ete. Fangka, in Malay, a scabbard, a sheath. Saranta, in difficulties, hard-pressed; jammed in a dilemna. Sarat, loaded, full-laden. Deep in the water as a ship or boat, from having a heavy load. Sarat, a person who assists the priest as assessor or witness at marriages. See Girang S&rat, which may be this Sarat or the Girang’s assessor. Saratus, a hundred; the number 100. See Ratus. Sarauja, deep places in the sea. Saroja, C. 716, from Saras, a pond, ja, produced. The lotus; a fish. So that it appears that the Sunda people do not attach a literal meaning to the Saranya. The word occurs only in Pantuns. Saré, to sleep, to take repose by lying down. Slumber. A refined expression. Saréan, a sergeant. Opas sartan, the sergeant opas, the head opas or police puisne. The Dutch Serjant, pronounced Sergeant. The Opas sardan always remains about the great man's office, and hence the natives fancy that he is the opas who is at li- berty to sleep! MARSDEN, page 191, gives Surian for sergeant. Saréat, whatever becomes manifest. The visible effect, the result, the upshot. Saréat na ttultui goreng, the manifestation was bad; the result was unfortunate. Sarébu, one thousand. See Séwu. Sarémé, one grain of boiled rice. Kejo sarémé ogé to di béré, he did not give us even one grain of boiled rice. Saréndét, MARSDEN calls it Persian ,— a pretty little parroquet, about the size of a common house sparrow. lts beak is red, as well as the tail near its root. On its breast it has a yellow patch. All the rest of the body is green, except under the wings, where the feathers are blue. These Saréndéts are often kept in circular cages, which turn on pivots like a water wheel, and the bird by climbing along the bars keeps the cage revolving. Psittacus Galgulus. Sarénkol, a small tubed bambu, resembling the Zamtang. It is crooked at every joint, diverging at some angle from the preceding one. 430 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Saréánkëén, to surrender, to give up, to hand over. Sarëung'i, a variety of wild talu?s or arum. Sari, taste, flavour, sensation. State of feeling. Budh éta sari na ngtunah, the taste of that fruit is delicious. Zo nglunah sari na, it does not feel pleasant, — having an unpleasant sensation. Sari, a word often occurring in the composition of proper names, and is fancied by the natives to convey the idea of flower, beauty, ornament, youg woman. Thus at the courts of the native princes, you sometimes hear of the Pagër Sari, which means: the fence of flowers, by which is implied the collection of handsome young woman, who surround the person of the Sovereign. CroueH does not give Sari in this sense, and yet the word is evidently of Sanscrit origin; he, however, gives — Sari, fit, proper, right, C. 716, and Sarit, C. 716, a woman, a wife, derived from Sra, to go, and itt affinitive. So also in the residency of Pasuruan there is a place called Singasari, an old seat of former government, the ruins of whose temples still remain. Sari-awan, name of a disease, In a mild degree, it is a sort of sprew, or breaking out of the lining of the mouth in small ulcers; in a bad stage, it attacks the nose, and rots it off. Sarib, fixed limit in justice or equity. Sarikat, fortune or fault in common. To have fault from associating with bad people or robbers. Accomplice. Derived from the Arabic Sherikat, a partner in trade, Sarik, Arabic, a partner in trade, an associate. Saring, to strain or squeeze through something; to filter; to pass through a fine sieve. Saring' an, a filter, a dripstone. Sarip, Arabic, Sarif, noble, a noble. A sheriff. A descendant of the prophet Mahomed. Sarisit, a small horse fly which stings smartly, but not so severely as the Pitéuk. Sarolét, name of a river fish, with slim, slender body, without scales and very slippery. Saroyo, a pent-house; a to-fall; a verandah. Saru, nearly alike, strongly resembling. Easily mistaken. Sarua or Saruwa, alike, of tie same appearance; identical, resembling. Evidently a corruption of Sarupa, C. 716, like, resembling, from Sa for Samana, like, and Rupa, form, In Malay the word is Sarupa, resembling. Sarudum, the whole body wrapped up in the Sarurg or Samping. Cowered down on the hams, and the Samping drawn up over the shoulders, so as to cover the whole body, as the natives do when they are cold. Sarung, a case, a covering, a sheath, and is properly Malay, but occurs as the name of several objects which are of European use or manufacture. Sarung anggël, a pil- low case. Sarung tang'an, a glove. Sarung bangku, the covering of a sofa. Saruni, a musical wind instrument; a sort of pipe. Saruni, name of a small garden plant, with pink’, white or yellow flower. Dasab, wandering from the right road; lost your way. Bewildered about the way. AND ENGLISH. 431 Sasagon, a sort of Kuéh which is dry and hard, made of rice flour mixed with some in- gredients and baked. Sasah, a smallish forest tree, with red drupa fruit. The bark of this tree is used as a mordant for fixing red or Changkudu dye, on cotton cloth, and for tanning twine for nets. Sasak, a timber and bambu bridge. A raft of bambus for the purpose of crossing a river. A causeway constructed of bambus. Sasak, one of the names of the island of Liombok, which is also called Salaparan. Sa- sak, C. 721, sandalwood, Probably the island may, in Hindu times, have produced much sandalwood, though now none exists, having possibly been cut down. The adjoining Sumbawa and Sandalwood Island, and Timor still produce this precious wood. Sasakala, ancient marks, vestiges. Sasakala alam Buda, vestiges of Buddhist times. Sa- kala, C. 691, a part, a half, a portion. Sasakala, a part, a remnant. Sasalad, a disease amongst buffaloes, which soon kills them; Sasalad kèëbo, this disease among buffaloes. It also means the great slaughtering of buffaloes on festive occasions. Sasalakan, a variety of sea-urchin, called also Karang Suva, Cidaris. Covered with long spines; see Salak. Sasalaman, making the compliments of the Salam, which see, The mutual touching of the hands, which are then brought to the owners forehead, as the natives do when they salute each other. Sasampayan, a clothes horse. A frame to hang lothes on. Sasanari, a Bantam expression, the same as Sasari, of every day occurrence. Sasap, to cut of short by the ground. To pare the ground, To lay bare the earth by removing all vegetable matter, - Sasapa-an, may evil overtake me, May I (or you) be cursed. A word formed from Sapa which see. Jeléma na kapikir, teultui sasapa-an, the man on reflection, forth- with invokes a curse (in case he should do so again). This word is used when a man makes up his mind or promises never to repeat some action. Sasapan, the same as Sasap, which see. Sasapu, a piece of cloth to wipe with. A dish-elout, a duster. Sasar, and Sasaran, to grope in the dark; to feel for, Sasarandéan, leaning back. With the back reclining against some object. See Nyarandé. Sasarap, a cloth, mat or other object spread out to sit on, or to place dishes or other materials upon. A table cloth; a bedsheet, Sasaréan, laid down for rest. Gone to bed. See Saré, Sasari, every day, daily; usually. Paranti sasari, what is every day usual. Sasart téa kumaha, that which you do every day, how is that? Sasaungan, a temporary shed. Anything set up for temporary shelter; a mat. stretched on four sticks; branches of trees stuck into the ground, or the like, Dastgrok, to grunt as a pig. 433 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Saséngkeédan, a diagonal piece of wood in carpentry. A prop set diagonally in a post to support a horizontal beam. See Sengkéd. Sasuganan, to try your luck, Per adventure. Nothing like trying. Sat, Arabie, essence, substance; person, sect, caste. Zat, MARSDEN 140. Satak, two hundred; the number 200. Satak in ancient method of counting Chinese cash, is equal to eight Dutch doits of the present time, or as the Sunda people call that amount Sa-wang. At the present time these Chinese cash are still in use on Bali and Lombok, and Satak there now-a-days means a string of 200 Piechis, which is of the value of one guilder copper money. Singapore Journal, 1851, vol. 5, page 460. At pages 86/87 of the work „Het eiland Bali en de Balinezen, door den Hoogleeraar LAurs—1848" we learn that the traders on Bali speak of Atak, Bungkus, and Péku to designate different quantities of Chinese pichis or cash. These cashand Spanish Dollars are the only kinds of money met with on Bali. The cash are still imported from China and yield a good profit to the trader. 200 pichis are considered as having the value of one guilder silver. The Spanish dollar varies in value from 600 to 700 pichis. 200 pichis are strung together on a rope and are called Sa-atak; five such ropes, with their ends tied together, and thus containing 1000 piehis, form Sa-bungkus, or one bundle, Fifty ataks or 10,000 pichis put up in a bag make Sa-ptku. Thus Sa-atak is equal to one guilder silver, Sa-bung- kus to five guilders, and Sa-pèku to fifty guilders silver. Considerable discrepancy thus exists between the values attributed on the present Bali, and in ancient Sunda to these designations. The ancient Sunda satak being said to amount to only eight Dutch doits, whereas the present Satak on Bali has the value of one guilder silver, and thus at least 120 Dutch doits. Perhaps the rude Sunda people in early times, before they got the Chinese pichis, counted with small stones or pebbles, which Mas also implies (see Mas in voce), as some rude Indians count with cowry shells. The Chinese metal cash, base as it is, may thus have been an innovation, in the course of the progress of trade, in which we know that the Chinese largely partici- pated. That the people of the Archipelago formerly counted with stones may almost be inferred from One in Malay being expressed by Satu or Sa-watu, one stone, and in Sunda by Sahiji or Si, one seed, Saténg, one half, appears to be the short for Sa-téngah. Sa-wang saténg, a wang and one half = 12 doits. Saténg'ah, half, one half. Gëus saténgah béak, it is half done. Satia, is the burning of a wife on Bali, who, from a stage constructed for the purpose, throws herself into the fire where her husband’s body is being burnt, after she has krissed herself. Satia is truth, faithfulness; the wife who dies in this way, is called Satia Wati, true and faithful, who has responded to all her duty towards her hus- band. Frrieperiom, Bat. Trans, vol. 238, page 10. This is probably the same word which has become in Sunda Sacha, which see, and is derived from Satya, ©. 699, AND ENGLISH. 433 truth, direct truth perceived without human speculation. The doctrines of Buddha. True, certain, sincere, honest, speaking the truth. Wati, C. 618, a woman of property; a female possessing great wealth; hence: Sttia Wati, a faithful dame. Satoa, an animal, a beast of the forest. Satoa darat, a land animal; a reproachful name for a man. Satwa, C 700, an animal, a being. Satriya, in ancient times the royal caste, to which the kings belonged. Kshatriya, C. 155, a man or woman of the royal or military race. Satru, an enemy, a foe, an adversary (as between man and man). Satru Allah, the enemy of God, an irreligious person. Satura, U. 699, an adversary, an opponent, an enemy. Satus, a hundred; the number 100. More usually called Sa-ratus. The word may be compounded of Sa, one; Zus, the short for tutus, a slip of bambu string; as even to this day a native, when counting, will take a slip of bambu string, and for every ten make a break in it, and ten such breaks being an even hundred, may have been called Satus or Sa tutus, a string (as above described). Satus, in ancient method of counting Chinese cash, is equal to four Dutch doits of pre- sent time. See Satak. Sauhën, a variety of rough wild grass, of which the stems are eaten, being succulent. Panicum Palmaefolium. Sauk, a piece of matting or bagging made of coarse materials, in which are put the ma- terials, fo be subjected to pressure in the Kampakhan, or native oil press. The oil runs out of the coarse bagging when the pressure is applied. Sa-umur, in a life time. Sd-umur hirup, as long as your live. Sa-umur kakarak ka- panggih, in all my life, L now first meet it. Saung, a shed, a small temporary building, such as put up in a sawah or garden. Saung-ringgèung, a variety of Pandan which totters on its stems. Literally the tottering shed. Freycinetia Graminea. Sa-upama, suppose, in the case that, peradventure, See U pama, Saur, speech, hold conversation, say, calling. Di saur, you are called. To be called up. You are summoned. Saur, to eat before the sun rises in the Puasa or fasting month. Saw or Sawu, name of a tree. Mimusops Bojeri, of family Sapoteae. Sawad, the strip of wicker work made of rattan which passes under the neck of a buf- faloe when yoked for work. The neck-belt. Sawadi, in case, for fear; to prevent accidents, or misunderstandings etc. Sawadi na kudu ptuptuli, to prevent misunderstandings, you must tell of it. Sawadi na datang, gêus sadiya, in case he comes I am ready. Sawah, irrigated rice lands, laid out in terraces so as to be able to distribute the water evenly over the ground. Sa, with, by means of; Bah, MARSDEN 57, a flood, an inundation. The Bah being by a very common process converted into Wah in com- 55 434 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE position, The word Wah is heard in Sunda in the word Wahangan, the bed of a river, any large water way or ravine. Sawah, means thus literally, by means of inundation, Sawajar, usual, according to custom. Lain sawajar, not as usual, out of the common. This is a favourite expression of admiration. Sawajar bai, really, truly; according to usual habit. Bala sawajar, that is menstrous; IT w'ont put up with 1. Sawal, the tenth Mahomedan month. During the first few days of this month devout Mahomedans also continue the fast of Ramalan, thereby hoping to make up for their shortcomings in the previous Puasa month. Sawala, the sea slug or tripang of commerce, when alive in the sea. When dried for market, it is called Fripang. Holothurion. Sawan, fits, convulsions. A ft of apoplexy. Im a trance; apparently dead. Sawa, C. 720, a dead body, a corpse. Sawa-an = Sawan, become like a corpse, Sa-wang, eight Dutch doits. See Sabaru. Sawang' an, said of the relative position of two hillsides facing each other, with a stream running between them. Sa-wahangan = Sawangan, of one common ravine. See Wahangan. Sawangkung, a variety of wild palm tree, growing in old forests in mountainous situations. Sawar-sawir, here and there a little. Not in abundance in any one place. Picked up in small lots. Sawaré, a portion, a part, a lot. Sawaré na to datang, a lot of them did not come, Kadiyo sawaré, come here a lot of you, Sawé, fifty, the number 50. In ancient method of counting Chinese cäsh, Sawé is equal to two Dutch doits. See Salawé, Satus, Satak, Samas and also Sékat, Sawéla-chala, a character in old Javanese history, who appears to have flourished in the beginning of the seventh century. He came with colonists from the continent of India, and founded the empire of Méndang Kamulan. The derivation of this name must evidently be sought in Sanscrit, and is the subject of much uncertainty. Saw, C. 720, the Elu form of Sarwa, all, also a scholar, from Srawaka, C. 779, from Srae, to hear religious discourses, and Ka affinitive. A pupilor follower of Buddha, a Buddhist. Wéla, C. 699, land sown with grain; a field, a farm, W&, C. 669, the sea shore, the beach, a field, cultivated land. Achala, C. 804, the earth. Thus Naw-wéla-achala = Sawél-achala, Buddhist fields or country, or a country where the Buddhist were occupying themselves with cultivation, or had settled. In some accounts, the father of Sawéla-Chala is named Balia- Achar; and previous to the establishment of Méndang Kamulan, Sawéla-Chala himself is usually known by the name of A wap, RAFFLES, vol. 2, pages 82—84. This father of Sawéla- Chala was Balia- Achar. Bali and Baliga, C. 463/4, propitiatory offerings, religious gifts, or sacrifice, the whole system of sideral worship, or the adoration of the heavenly bodies as practised in Ceylon. Achayariya, C. 61, a teacher, a pre- AND ENGLISH. 435 ceptor. As Buddhist priests may not marry or have children, probably this Bali- Achar was only a father in spiritual sense. If the above ideas are correct, the country must have been called Saw-wel-achala, and the name have then been trans- ferred to the leader who conducted the immigration. Saw&ëlas, eleven. See Sablas. Sawén, an arch of twigs or branches, or mostly a piece of rope stretched overhead, across the path-way to a humah, to which are hung sundry small articles, Such a Sawén is made, at the time of the paddy coming into ear, from a superstitious idea that it will keep away evil geni, who might otherwise come and destroy or take away the crop. Sawér, a shower; rain driving sideways into a building. Rain or water drifted like spray sideways by the wind. A shower of money, especially copper doits, thrown out amongst a crowd to be scrambled for. Sawidak, the number sixty, 60, Sawindu, a cycle of years. See Windu. Sawu, see Saw. Sayaga, a weed in the mountain humahs, called also Zésbong, and Hmboh. Sayang, a nest, a birds nest. The edible birds nest (par excellence), distinguished more clearly by the name of Sayang kapindis, the name of the bird which builds the nests. Sayang odéng, a bee's nest. Sayang an, having a nest. Sayér, a sort of sieve used for taking fish in muddy water, or at the time of floods. Sayid, Arabie, the title of the descendants or supposed descendants of Mahomed. Sayur, and Sayuran, greens, vegetables. Properly Malay, but nevertheless passes current. KÌbon sayuran, a vegetable garden. Vide Lalab. Séah, the shrill sound of water running over a rocky or sloping bed, or tumbling at a water- fall. Séah chat na kadéng’i ka jauh, the sound of the water was heard at a distance. Séba, complementary presents; contributions made to a great man, consisting for the most part of eatables in some shape or other. Anything presented by the common people to their chiefs. Perhaps the open audience hall, which stands before every chief’s dwelling, and where the people come with their presents, is called Paséban after these presents, Sëébab, Arabic, because, by reason of; cause, reason, motive. Séöbat, to strike with a whip, to whip, to switch. Sébrét, to be stealthily taken away. To be cunningly made away with. S&bul, said of tobacco which has a bad flavour. Bako sëbul, tasteless, ill-flavoured to- bacco, either for smoking or chewing. S&but, to mention, to name, to tell, to denominate. To be called. To consider, to look upon. Sëbut ngaran na, mention his name, Pèrkara éta hanto di stbut, that cir- cumstance (or matter) was not mentioned. Jyo di sébut goréng ku aïîng, this IL con- sider as bad. Sèbut hadé ma lain, this cannot be considered as good. 4536 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Séchan, sapanwood, Caesalpinia Sappan. The tree grows fast, and being covered with very sharp prickles, makes good fences. The word of the roots is used as a dye. Së&d, the idiomatie expression of collapsing, of falling together; shrinking into a smaller compass. To kanyahoan sëd na, we were not aware when it collapsed. Séda, a name used to denote a royal person after death, and as such put before the place where he died, as: died at —. Sidha, C. 782/3 to effect, to accomplish. A divine personage of undefined attributes and character, a sort of demigod. Sidhi, fulfilment, accomplishment, the entire completion of any undertaking, or attainment of-any object; final emancipation from existence; Nirwana or annihilation. Sédho in Javanese is, de- eeased. It is thus: having obtained fulfilment at —. Sëédang, whilst, at the same time that, seeing that. S&dang aing tachan daik mèlunang, whilst IT have not yet got any. Sèdang to di bére, at the same time that none ìs given. S&dang, middling, of middle quality. Fitting, suitable, Sëdë&k and S&dékkën, to hurry on. To keep working smartly till done. To drive before you. To chase close upon the heels. Unchal di sëdökkën ka chai, the deer was driven into the water. Mayo sëdëk gérrah anggus, heigh ho, hurry on and get done. Kaséd/k, being pinched for time; jammed in difficulties. SédEékah, Arabie, Sadakat, MARSDEN 201, alms, voluntary acts of charity. Anything given of free will. An offering. Sédékah Bumi, the festival of the earth. A great festival made previous to beginning to plant paddy; entreating the Almighty for success to their agricultural occupations, This festival must be held in the open air or under trees, and the offal and bones, but especially the head of the slaughtered buffaloe, are buried on the spot. Evidently a remnant of old Hinduism, only made acceptable by joining it with an Arabie word. S&dékahan, to observe the Mahomedan festivals for the dead, on the 3d, 7th, and 40th day after death. To make a religious festival on any occasion. Sédép, pleasing, pleasant, agreeable to the senses; gratified, delighted. Së&dét, anything which causes unpleasant sensations. Anxiety of mind. S®dét bai ka na ang'én, my heart jumped, my heart became anxious. S&diah, ready, prepared, arranged, in order. Ari gëus sëdiah pluptulihkên, when it is ready, tell me. Vide Sadiya. Sëédu, to steep, or infuse in warm water. Sédut, a fart which is heard, which makes a report. Sé-él, a variety of rattan, much used for splitting up, and used as lasbings in house- building, ete. Sé-éng, a copper cooking pot for rice, These copper pots are tall and cylindrical, a little narrower, however, at the mouth, than below. Into this mouth a bambu bas- ket called Mastupan, is thrust, holding the rice, which is thus cooked by the steam rising from the water boiling in the Sé-éng. Sé-ét, used up, done; eat up, consumed. Keéjo na glus sé-ét,‚ the boiled rice is all eat AND ENGLISH. 437 up. Paré na sé-ét, the paddy is up, is done. The word is applied more especially to things which are eaten up or drank. S&gara, the sea, the ocean, Sagara, C. 694, the ocean. Sègara kidul, the sea south of Java. See Laut kidul. | aran, an artificial lake, A large reservoir of water, resembling Sëgara = the sea. é, a variety of small rattan, much used for whips. ër, fresh and healthy in body. Strong and well. Fresh, not stale, not faded. G&us ségtr dim, he is restored to health. Sét, to bite, to nip with the teeth. Ségogan, a bend or twist in a canal or road. A sharp turn. S&égok, sobbing, erying, whining. Sëgrék, said when cutting an animals throat. Sëgrék bat di plunchit, whittling they cut its throat. S&gsëg, be quick, look sharp, bear a hand. The same as Soksok. Seiyid, Arabic, the title of a numerous race who are, or affect to be the descendants of Mahomet, through Ali and Fatima, and are distinguished by a green turban, See Sahid and Said. A lord, a nobleman. MARSDEN 195, Seilan, Ceylon. Séjén, other, different, varying. Séjen paré na, the paddy was different. Séjén rua na, quite another appearance. Sék, the idiomatie expression of laughing, as Sék bat sturi, and smiling he laughed. Së&k, the idiomatie expression of being hushed in quietness, quiescence. The absence of noise or motion. Sék bai répéh hararé-és, all was hushed in quietness, and they had gone to sleep. Sékar, in the Kawi of Java, a flower, an ornament. Jayang Sëkar, flowers of victory; a variety of native horse-soldiery. Sékat, the number fifty, 50. Sekat sounds as if it were Sa-ikat, one tie. It is rather odd that in the ancient method of counting Chinese cash, Sékut is not used to express 5O, but Sawé, which see. Séké, the branch of a river. The confluent of a river. Sëkin, Arabie, a small knife. Any small, short bladed but straight knife; often worn about the person, or stuck in the belt. Séla, a petrified black gum found in small nodules in the earth, When melted with oil it forms a mastick in with goldsmiths set their gold, for the convenience of working or embossing. Sé, C. 762, a rock, a stone, a mountain, derived from Saila, C. 165, a mountain, bitumen, storax; stony, rocky. Saila is derived from Sila, C, 136, a stone, a rock. Saela, C., 112, a stone, a rock. Sëla, an interstice, a space between, an opening; at intervals. See Sala. Ragrag di sla papan, it fell through between the planks. De sla mah, in the space between two or more houses, 438 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Sélan, Ceylon. Same as Seilan, Sëélang, an interval of repose. An interval, a space between. To change a person. To give one person in the place of another. Ari slang kudu di boro, when we have a little repose (or time) we will go. Sëélangan, to alternate with, to change with something else. Di sëlangan nyachar, he alternates it with cutting down jungle, he cuts jungle but has also some other occupation. Sélang-sëlang, alternately, at intervals, now and then. With spaces between. Sëélang-sëéling, alternate, every other; missing one. Sëélap, Sëlapan, Sëélapkèn, to insert, to stick in between. To interpose. Séla-sëla na, at the interstices, at the intervals. Bayar na to datang ka kami, ragrag di stla-stla na bai, the payment does not reach us, it drops into the interstices (the headmen steal it). Sélasi, the herb sweet basil, Ocymum Basilicum of the family of Labiatae. This is much used for planting about, or when gathered to lay upon the graves of relatives or friends, and is very likely the remnant of a very innocent Hindu institution, evinc- ing affection for those who have gone hence. At the end of the Puasa or fasting month, the graves are cleaned, and Sélasi laid upon them. Sèlasi is a corruption of Tulasi, C. 289, a small herb held in high veneration by the Hindus; the Holy Ba- sil, Oecymum Sanctissimum. Sélat, a strait of the sea. A narrow passage. Stlat is the name by which Singapore is generally known throughout the Archipelago: the strait par excellence. Silat Anyar, the Anjer straits, is the name by which the natives know the straits of Sunda. Com- posed of Sa, which see, and Htultut or Ltut, an interruption. Sëölépa, a small metal box, mostly of brass, for holding the ingredients for chewing Sëéurtuh, carried about the person. This word sounds Sanscritie. May it be from Salapa, C. 851, from Saha, with, Alapa, a word, conversation; as natives never enter into conversation without producing the Sèurëuh box, and in this way the Sanserit word with them has got a conventional use and meaning. Sélér, a shoot, a runner, an offset of any vegetable, herb or plant. Offspring, progeny- Sélér Pajajaran, a descendant, or the offspring of Pajajaran. Séling, each other. S&ling nZwik, to stab each other. Séling numbuk, to thump at each other. Sèling pludm, to fling each other into the earth or sea, as the wonder- ful men of old did, Sélir, a concubine; a wife kept above the number of legitimate wives, which according to Mahomedan law is four. Anak & sëlir, a child born of such a woman. Sélla, Portuguese, a saddle. Sélla Inggris, an English saddle, Sélusur, name of a river fish, scarcely four inches long, with very fine scales, mouth on underpart of head. Sëlut, to plate, to cover over with some material different from the substratum. The ferrule or iron ring which holds any iron instrument firm in the handle. AND ENGLISH. 439 Sémah, a stranger, a visiter. Kasémahan, having visiters in the house. Sëmang, generally heard as Ulah stmang, don’t be afraid. Don’t be in doubt lest some- thing should not happen. Sémar, see Samar. S&mbah, to go down upon the knees to salute a superior. To cower down and salute. To make obeisance, adoration, reverence. Sëmbahëèëun, a royal personage, a person of rank. The object of obeisance. Sémbayang, divine worship, religious ceremony; devotion, praying. To pray. Probab- ly derived from S&mbah, to make obeisance to,— Hyang, divinity, Godhead. Thus: obeisance to the divinity. Nowadays it is the worship of Allah-ta-ala, the Lord God, but the word no doubt is a remnant of old Hindu times and worship. If this interpretation is correct, the yang for divinity must have also existed on Sumatra, the mother country of the Malays, who also use S&mbayang in the above sense. Sëmbur, to blow out the contents of the mouth in one gush or flash. For this purpose a variety of materials have been taken into the mouth and munched up. These con- tents consist of substances having medicinal qualities, and are then blown out upon the part of the body affected, or upon a sore, The expression is much used in Jampé. S&mplék, to break off in small pieces, to chip off. A chip or trifling piece broken off any brittle substance. Seémporna, perfect, complete, consummate, faultless. Perfection, happiness, content- ment, peace. Sampurnna, C. 712, from Sam, intensitive, and Purnna, full, finished, whole, entire, complete, Sémprong, a spy-glass, a telescope. Any tube to look through, Sënang, tranquil, free from trouble, at rest; having leisure on hand. Senapati, a general in chief. The leader of an army. One of the titles assumed by the native sovereigns of Java, Séna, C, 761, 763, an army; Pati, C. 883, Lord, master, = an army-lord, Sèndari, a large stem of bambu with oblong apertures or slits cut into the tubes be- tween the joints. Such a bambu is struck upright in the ground, mostly in the hu- mahs, and the wind blowing through the apertures, produces musical sounds. Séndok, a spoon. Séndok apu, a lime spoon, a mason’s trowel. Sëöndutan, to set on fire, to light up; to ignite, Sëénëb, vexatious, causing inward pain or remorse. Sëntb bai ka na ang'tn, it gave inward affliction: I was vexed in the extreme. gél, dearth of food, famine. See Péchèklik. Séng Séng'ërod, tied, fastened, especially tied by the feet, or with the feet tied together, so as to impede motion; tied as is done with an animal which is to be slaughtered. Hoppled, Kaséng'trod di léuwtung, his feet got caught fast in the forest (by a liane). Séngegal, name of a river fish, resembling the chaung in body, and in flthy habits. Has long ecyrrhi and lives in holes. 440 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Sénggang, a culinary vegetable, Amaranthus Oleraceus. Called in Malay Baytm. Sëéng'ir, a variety of mangga so called. Sëéng'ir-gadung, a variety of mangga so called. Séngkéd, a branch of a tree; a divergence; bifurcation. Séngkédan, split, divided, branching. Séngkud, to hurry on, to hasten. To act in any way with impetuosity. Pagawéan iu kudu di stngkud, that work must be hurried on. Zamun to di sëngkud, mohal bisa anggëus, if you do not bear a hand, it is quite impossible that you can get it done. Séngyang, divinity, Godhead. This is a word in every one's mouth when speaking of the olden time, when the Javanese were still uneonverted to Mahomedanism, and is prefixed to many Hindu names—as Sengyang Wisésa, Séngyang Guru, and the like. According to Mr. FrIEpErICH, it is derived from Myang, which of itself is properly divinity, Godhead, In Bali occurs a place called Sad-kahyangan, which means the six temples or six divinity places. The word Myang is also heard in the word Gurtang or mountain spirit. Sang is no doubt also derived from Sanscerit; it appears to imply holy, sacred, and may have the same etymon as the Greek and Latin Sanctus. Thus in Sunda, the word is placed before simple Polynesian words, when in Pantuns, it is meant to endue some mere animal with supernatural power. ‘Thus they say Sang- kèbo or Sang-snonyét, the divine buffaloe or the divine monkey. Sangha in Singhalese, C. 688, means multitude, number, collection; the Buddhist priesthood; a convoca- tion of priests, five of whom constitute a Sangha. See Sang voce. The word is al- ways heard as Séngyang, though evidently Sangyang would be more correct. You never hear Séng-kèbo, Séng-monyét. Séngyang Sirah, the head of the Séngyang. The name given to the West end of Java or Java Head. Séngyang Tikoro; name of a place in the Chitarum river, where that river falls from the uplands of Bandung into the lower lands of Chianjur, which it does through a narrow gully or Tikoro, throat, Sëénin, Monday, from the Arabie word Seneitan, Monday. Sëntar, split, cleft, cracked, Sénté, a variety of large arum. Söntik walang, called also Walësan, the spring of a gun-lock. Sëntik is probably a modified shape of Bëntik, folded together by means of a joint or hinge. Walang, a grass-hopper, thus grass-hopper joint, in allusion to the shape of the spring in a gun-lock, Séntul, name of a forest tree; bears a fruit which is eaten, Sandorieum Indicum. Séor, falling in a shower and making a shrill noise. Séor bat béas ragrag sapanjang gudang, the rice kept dropping out and falling with a noise the whole length of the store. Sép, the idiomatic expression of inserting anything into a crevice, Sép bat di sëlapan papan ipis, and shoving in he inserted a thin plank. Sëép, the idiomatie expression of silence. Sép bai réhé, and all was hushed in silence. 5 AND ENGLISH, 441 Sepak, to kick, to strike with the foot, of either man or beast. Di sépak ku tuan, he was kicked by the gentleman. Di sépak kuda, he was kicked a horse. Sépat, name of a small fish found in ponds, TFrichopus Trichopterus. gent to the taste, harsh in the mouth. Söpèt expresses in a smaller degree T Sépëét, astrin what K®s?d denotes in a greater one. Sëépi, any fruit, but more especially Jéngkol, which has been buried in the earth to mellow and ripen, when it comes out most nauseous, stinking stuff, but is greedily eaten by the natives. The Jéngkol beans are deleterious and strongly affect the urinary organs unless treated in this way. See Jéngkol. Sëépi, solitary, lonely. Wana Sëpi, lonely forest, name of a place in Karawang. Sépuh, old an venerable, Old sa as to be past work. Juragan spuh, the old headman (who has been set aside from old age). Sér, the idiomatie expression of moving or shoving forward or aside, See Sösër, Gé- sër. It is in a smaller degree what Sur is in a larger one. Sérab, dazzle from the sun or from heat. Dazgle experienced on looking at the sun. The dazzle seen upon wood and many other objects when shone upon by a bright sun. Sëéradat, to slip, to slide. To fall by slipping on anything greasy. Sérah, given up, yielded, surrendered, submitted. Sérah, a few unshelled grains of paddy mixed up with rice, when it has not been suf- ficiently cleaned. Béas iyo loba tluyn sérah na, this rice has too many unshelled grains in it, Dérahkën, to submit, to yield, to surrender. To give over charge. Söérak, hoarse, husky in voice. Sérang, any piece of cultivation, as sawahs, humahs or gardens, worked by the popu- lation as a body for behoof of their chief, and without payment. Sérang is the name of the present chief place in Bantam, so called from having been the place where formerly the population planted sawahs in this way, for behoof of the sultans of Bantam. A humah Sérang is annually planted by the Badui people, and from the produce of this humah, the rice is made which is used in their superstitious observances. Sérani, Arabie, a Christian, a Nazarene. The word is a corruption of Nasarant. By Orang Sërant, is generally meant the poor dark coloured half castes who are Chris- tians. „And he came and dwelt in a city called Nazareth: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophets, he shall be called a Nazarene.” St. Matthew, chap. 2, verse 23. „And Prlate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the writing was, Jesus of Nazareth the king of the Jews.” St. John, chap. 19, verse 19. Sërat, stripes, lines, as in a drawing. Sérawël, Arabic, trousers, breeches, Sërayu, a river which runs along the southern base of the Prawu mountains and sub- sequently separates the residencies of Bagalen and Banyumas. Sèrayu in India is the river of Oude. Bat. Trans. vol, 22, page-51. > 449 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Séréd, to trail along the ground. To lug or drag along the ground. Sérédan, a sledge, a contrivance for dragging anything along the ground. Sëérëg, fitting stifly or close into a hole or case. Jammed fast. Fitting so close in a hole, that it has to be forced or driven in. Séréh, lemon grass. A sweet scented grass used to boil with curry stuff, Andropogon Schaenanthum. Sërénkèën, to surrender; to give or hand over, to transfer. Sérép or di sërëp-sërëp, to investigate slyly, to gain private information. To try to find out quietly, by gaining private information. S&rët, said of food which will not pass down the throat, unless with the help of a little water. Sticking in the throat. Sërëud, to sting as a wasp. A sting. S&ri, the protectress of the rice fields. A mystic name for paddy. Ceres! Clough, page 119, gives Sri, from Sri, to serve, to worship, and the vowel made long — the god- dess Lakshmi, the deity of plenty and prosperity; fortune, prosperity. There is also a form of incantation in which the following words occur— Sëéri, Kala, Baya, Pati, Hurip, which respectively mean East, South, West, North, and the Earth, and which are in some way supposed to be connected with the week of five days, and correspond to the days, each for each, in following order, Manis, Pahing, Pon, Wagé, Kaliwon,—see the various words for further information, In Bali the people have still small constructions amongst the sawahs, and by the side of the roads, dedicated to Sri, the consort of Siwa. Passers-by are careful always to strew a few grains of rice in such constructions, if they happen to have any with them. FRIEDERICH, Bat. Trans. vol. 22, page 33/34. Sëri Wanadi, the primative rice brought to Java, and thought to have come from Meésir or Egypt.— Sért, paddy, Ceres. — Wana, C. 621, a forest, a wood, a grove. — Di, C. 273, milk coagulated by means of an acid. Thus coagulated milk of the forests — from the rice having been originally planted in a piece of forest cleared for the purpose. Sëérih, quits, even, in a contest or struggle. Neither winning nor overcome. Sérip, Arabic, a sherif, a nobleman, especially a descendant of Mahomet. Sërit, a thin piece of wood inserted in a joist to hold the joining firm, and even together. A sÌrit is usually inserted with the axle which fixes immoveable in a pedaty wheel. The partial filling up of the hole in any handle, so that the blade may be firmly set, Séro, a kind of otter, Luutra Leptonyx, found about the mountain streams. Séro, fishing stakes and nets set in the sea near the shore. Sérong, aslew, at an angle, not straight forward, Oblique, Prevaricating, not doing what is right. Sërta, together and along with, with. Sarttha, C. 728, Sa for Saha, with, arttha, wealth, meaning a company of traders, a caravan. Multitude in general. Of hike meaning. AND ENGLISH. 443 Sëértan, Arabie, the zodiacal sign Cancer. Sésa, remainder, what is left, leavings, rest, remnant. Sésa and Sésha, C. 164, remain- der, leavings, rest, balance, what is left. Rejected, omited,_ Sésaté, meat chopped in small pieces and stuck on a skewer, and then grilled and so served up at table, Sësawi, the mustard plant, Sinapis communis. It is always planted in the humahs, for the sake of the young and tender leaves to be eaten as a vegetable. Crawfurd says the word is Telinga. Probable etymon, Sawi, C, 720, strenght, force, muscu- lar power. Sëség, stuffed, crammed full, fall up to the neck. Stuffing. Sëség anggël, the stuffing of a pillow. S&ségan, to stuff, fo eram full. Sung'ut na di sèstgan ku kéjo, he stuffed his mouth full with boiled rice. Sëéségor, to grunt, to make a grunting noise in sleeping. To breathe heavily through the nose. Söésëék, close, not wide; erowded; not able to put in, a tight fit, Sésékélan, said when some part of the body, as the arm or leg is injured, ov has a boil upon it, and a sore cramp is felt on the muscle at a distant part of that limb. Sésél or Sésélan, to carefully collect and and cut off any small matter of flesh which may adhere to a hide in skinning an animal, as a buffaloe or cow. To shave clean. Sëésémbén, some small addition. Something made in addition to some other object on a larger scale. Sësëmon, longing for, but ashamed to ask; abashed. Ulah sës®mon, don’t be abashed. From Samu, C. 710, leave, permission. Stsëmplékan, to break off in small bits. Breaking in chips. Sësäpkën, to insert, to introduce. To put or thrust between. Sésër, to move gently, to shove aside, to move by degrees. To remove with cultivation on to the adjoming bit of land, either in open country, or more generally in forest. To enecroach upon. See Sör. Sëéser, the head stall of a bridle. Sésér, heard only in Bang'o sésér, a variety of black and white stork common in the sawahs. Sésompang, the outer side-gallery of a native house, open to the street, and outside the 7épas, Sétan; Arabic, satan, the devil, a demon. Sétan-alas, a forest devil, a term of igno- mony and reproach. Détra, perfect and accomplished. Possessing property and good birth. Most probably the word Kshatriya, C. 155, a man or woman of the royal or military race. Said also- of eatables which are delicious and desirable. Sétu, the same as Sitz which is more usual and which see. 444 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE S&ub&uh, satisfied, with the belly full. To have one’s hearts content, Stubtuh ku kéjo, to be satisfied with rice. Aing stubtuh ku laléwa sta, I have got my belly full of your nonsense. Ì am tired to death with your nonsense. S&u-éul, provokingly long and wearisome. Anything which causes provoking delay. A tiresome undefined pain. Stu-Yul ngadagoan batur, I was wearied out by waiting for my companion. S&u-tul di na blultung, to have an undefined wearisome pain in the stomach. Séu-&ur, harsh and rough. Not allowing any other thing to slip readily along it. Di- latory , tedious. Séuhang, name of a tree. Ficus Glabra, S&ukëéut, sharp, cutting well, Péso stuktut, a sharp knife. Figuratively: causing one- self to be obeyed. Stuklut naker paréntah na, his orders were very sharp (no shir- king them). S&ukrah, rough to the feel, harsh, having unevenness. Batu sumpur stukrdh, a sum- pur stone is rough. S&umëuh, rather, verging towards, somewhat of ,— said of colours. Stumduh putt, rather white, verging towards white. Sèumtuh blurtum, somewhat red. Sëumoni, a variety of small cockroach. Blatta orientalis. Séung éut, alight, burning. Séung'éutkën, to set fire to. To fire off (a gun). Stunglulkèn damar, to light a candle or lamp. Séung'it, sweetscented, of agreeable smell, fragrant. Séungk&k, sessile, without a neck. Said of fruit or animal which has no stalk or neck, as fish. Séungkëéud, in a hurry. Doing all you can to geta thing quick done. Diligent, active. Séungk&udken, to hurry on, to expedite, to hasten. S&ungkëur, to hooping of wood which holds a Bubu fshing trap distended, called also Bèngkèr. Stungkèur in also another name for Sumbt in weaving. See Sumbi. Séuntak, to frighten, to cause terror by the voice, to alarm. To cause fear by speaking harshly to. To upbraid, to rebuke. Sëupa, and Sëupan, to cook vegetables and greens bij steaming. Sëupahan, the ingredients for chewing betle, See Nyéupah, S&urëud, also pronounced Sërtud, to sting as a wasp. S&urëéuh, called in Malay Siri; it is the leaf of the Piper Betle, or Chavica betle, and is universally chewed by the natives, accompanied by lime, gambir and tobacco, which cause a plentiful blood-red saliva, which they spit out. As a matter of courtesy, the natives always present these materials for chewing to strangers or visitors, in the same way that Europeans would offer a glass of wine or spirits. The Sunda and Malay word are evidently of a common origin. Siribo, C. 786, the betle creeper (Piper Betle). Has the Siri also orginally come from the continent of India? AND ENGLISH. 445 Sëuri, to laugh, to smile. Suri bai jél/ma na, the man laughed. Séusëuh, to wash, especially as clothes. To clean by washing. Jamang sta kudu di stustuh, you must wash your jacket. S&uséup, to sup up. To drink as an animal directly with the head and mouth. Said also of a man, when he puts his head down to drink from the water, as it naturally lies in a well or river. S&uséupan, a place to sup at, a drink-hole. All throughout the country are found Stustupans or drink-holes, where animals greedily drink, supposed from the water containing some saline matter or gas, but such taste is often imperceptible to man, Séusëurian, smiling, grinning, laughing. See Sëuri. S&éusëut, with difficulty, attended with trouble. Barely managed. SÌustut miunang, obtained with difficulty. It was all I could do to get it. Stustut nakér daik di ala, it was with great difficulty that I took it. S&uwéuh, child, offspring,—a refined expression. Sóngyang stuwtuh, the offspring of a séng- yang, or heathen god. The word occurs as name of a part of the river Chinang- éuntéung on Jasinga. Suwa, C. 755, from Sukha, joy, enjoyment; the young of any animal. Sw, OC. 742, increase, prosperity. Su, CG. 768, voce Soma, to bear young. Séwa, hire, rent. Séwa, C, 764, to serve. Stwa, OC, 164, service, servitude; worship, homage. Sé wakën, to let out on hire, to rent out. Séwang, each, individually. Si séwang, one each, SaAtutik séwang, every one a little. Séwot, enraged, in a passion. Making a strenuous effort to do anything. Séwu, a thousand, the same as Sarébu. Séwu is probably derived from Sa, Saha, with, by means of. Mwuh, confounded, confused, and would thus mean a confusion, from the immensity of the number to an ignorant people trying to form an idea of num- bers. Gunung Séwu, the Thousand mountains, a long ridge of hills running north and south on the Bolang estate in the assistant residency of Buitenzorg. In counting Chinese cash Sfwu expresses a value of forty Dutch doits. See Samas, Salawá. Séwuh or Sa-éwuh, overcome with confusion. Embarrassed. Shéch, Arabic, a title assumed by most Arabs in Java; a sheik, a leader. MARSDEN in voce Shekh or Sheikh, page 200, gives an elderly and respectable man; an Arabian chief whose influence arises from age and experience. Si, a particle prefixed to proper names, or to a name by which some one is distinguished. It is used as a denomination for a person of low degree, or rather of no rank at all, and may thus not improbably be the short way of expressing the following word Sia, thou, as used towards an inferior, or towards a child. Thus we have Si Jaman, Si Hamat, Si Sariman for ordinery villagers. It is also put before almost any werd either substantive or adjective, by which it is wished to denote some quality of a personas Si goblok, thestupid fellow, Si Jangkung, the tall fellow, Si Kuda, the horse chap, perhaps from the fellow having stolen a horse, Si Endog, the eggchap, 446 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE from the fellow stealing the neighbour’s eggs, or having had some misadventure con= nected with eggs. Si Nok, a name ofaffection for an infant, Si Kunyu, the little monkey, another term of endearment for a child. The same particle Si is similarly used in Malay, where, however, the pronoun Sia, thou, is not known. In Malay they say Si-au, which is also used in the Sunda, and implies Mr. Somebody, such a one; Si-apa, who? Si also often occurs in the shape of a demonstrative pronoun. Si jéltma wat bangkawara, the chap is most obstinate or perverse. Si bagya téa, to daikkén hadé, my luck will not turn out good. St lëumpang éta hanchér, his walk- ing was drawling,—as if both bagya and Janchér were personified in these cases. Sia, thou, you, used only towards an inferior, or towards a child or young person. Sia daik ka mana, where are you going. Siam, the country of Siam, Siamese. Si-amuk, one of the old Pusaka or heir-loom guns of Java. The amuk maker. Siar, to seek, to look for, to go in quest of. Leung'it kudu di star, when lost it must be sought for. Sia-sia, useless, of no use. In vain to try; labour in vain, Sta-sia mohal mèunang, its no use trying, you have no chance of getting it. Sibéung'éut, to wash the face. Huktur sibtung'tut di panchuran, he is in the act of washing his face at the spont. Sida, the upshot is, the result is. Sida to mèunang, the upshot is he does nof get any. Probably the same as Sidha, C. 782/8, to accomplish, to effect. Sidakéup, with the arms folded, Sidayu, a district on the north east corner of Java, at the entrance to the straits of Madura. The present town of Sidayu is within the straits of Madura, but the old Sidayu, called Stdayu lawas, faces the Java sea, and is found near the 153th paul from Samarang towards Sourabaya, and consequently 25} pauls more to the west- ward than the present chief town. The origin of the word Sidayu may perhaps be traced to the Javanese word Dayuh, a stranger,a visiter,a guest, and thus the resort of. strangers, consequent on the trade carried on by sea, and from this cireumstance the whole district has derived its name. Si is a common prefix in such sense. When the Dutch first visited Java in A.D. 1596, they found Sidayu lawas a place of con- siderable trade with the Moluccos, but itis now-a-days a miserable little Javanese village, Sidëpong, an expression characteristic of being at your wits’ ends. Cleared out of every means;—used to designate the indigence experienced in the wet monsoon when the paddy is done, and the party has no means of buying more, and if he had it rains so hard, that he could not venture out to seek for any. Siduru, to warm oneself over a fire. To cower over burning embers to warm and dry oneself. Si-étaun, an indefinite term for a man whose name we do not recollect: Mr. Thingumy. Sigai, a single stem of large bambu set up or tied toa tree, in order to climbit, The DNED SEINICSESIE: 447 bambu is notched here and there, mostly near a joint, so as to afford resting place for the toes in climbing, or a peg of wood is driven in for that purpose. Such a Sigat is always found set up against a kawung palm tree that is tapped for making sugar. Sigar, to split, to rend, to divide. Sa sigar, a portion split off, Sigar-sigar, divided, split up, portioned out. Sigung, name of an animal peculiar to the west end of Java. Mydans Meliceps. It lives in holes and goes abroad at night. When molested it has the power of emitting a most offensive stench, like the polecat. This stench adheres to objects for several days. Sigung, name of a tree, Echinocarpus Sigun. Generally called Ki-sigung. Sihëun, afraid, timorous, fearful. Si-ih, the spurs of a cock. The ankle bone of a man. Si-jangkung, the middle-finger, literally the tall one. See Churuk bugang. Siji, one, the numeral of unity. Apparently of Sanscrit origin, Sa or Saha, C. 721, with, together, association. Bija, C. 474, the seed of plants; thus with a seed = one. The Malays did not adopt the Sanscrit Bi, but substituted Batu, a stone, a word of their own, and hence have Satu, Sawatu. From this we learn that the very rudiments of number, one and two (see Dua), were derived from the strangers from continental India. Sijikën, to make one, to umite. To collect into one heap or mass. Sikat, a brush, a hair-brush, a horse-brush. Sikëp, prepared for any work or office. Having within one's power or reach. Dressed for a journey. Ari daik sikëp kudu sadija ti méméh na, if you want to manage it, you must make ready before hand. See Kasikëp. Sikép, personal shape, bodily form. Good looking, — said of men. Sikëpan, to provide with, to arm with. Di siképan bëdil, he armed or provided him with a gun. Sikëpan, a state jacket worn by native chiefs, which comes down over the rump and is slashed at the sides. Sikët, as far as, up to. Sikèt lima ma béré bai, up to five, you can safely give, Sú- két Bogor, as far as Bogor = Buitenzorg. Siki, grain, seed, Ski kachang, pulse seed. Siki bonténg, cucumber seeds. Sikian, bearing seed. Siki mata, the pupil of the eye. Siksa, chastisement, punishment. Di siksa, to punish, punished; perhaps derived from Siksha and Sikshana, C. 780, learning, study, the acquisition of science; taming, disciplining. Probably from learning having been confined originally to a class of men who retired into solitudes with their studies, and thus mortifyed and punished their carnal lusts for the sake of acquiring knowledge. Siksakën, to punish, to chastise. Biksëérik, to cut off or pare down the sides or edges with a knife. Awt na kudu dt siksërik, that bambu must be pared off clean. 448 A DICTIONARY SUNDA NESE Siku, the elbow, an angle. Siku-siku, a carpenter's square. Siku-siku, an instrument of iron, about 15 inches long, with a handle of fit size for grasping. At this part there is found a guard also of made somewhat like a dagger iren curved towards the outer end in almost a semicirele. The instrument has a blunt point, and is somewhat on the whole like a dagger. With the Siku-siku the people have a game which they call Mèncha, and with which an adept man can defend himself against an adversary, armed with a sword, kris or other cutting weapon, which getting jammed in the curved guard, can be then wrenched out of his hand. It is thought to have been originally introduced by the Chinese. Sila, to sit squatting. Sitting squatting on the ground with the legs crossed and lying flat on the floor. A position of respect assumed by natives in the presence of superiors. Silah, fellow, fine fellow, chap, A familiar term of addressing any one, by which his inferiority, or at most equality with the speaker isassumed. Siluh aing duik ilu dèui, does my fine fellow also want to go. The possessive pronoun aing is generally used after Silah, and the word is mostly heard pronounced as one word: Silaing. Silalatu, a spark, any small fry matter which flies out of a fire. Latu in the court dialect of Javanese is fire. 8 Silawang'i, a character in the early history of Pajajaran. RArrLesS, Java, vol. 2, page 104. Sila, C. 736, a hole, a perforation; a rock, a stone, A flat stone on which condiments ete. are ground with a muller. Silawangi was famous for the num- ber of his wives, or it may be Silah-wang't, the fragrant chap. Silëm, to dive, to go down under water. Silép, disappeared, vanished. Siléuh, dazzling. A dazeling unpleasantness in the sight when exposed to a strong sun. Overpowered with light. Silih, subseguent; indicates a time subsequent to the one mentioned. Di na silik na hari raya, the day after the festival. Silih-mulud, otherwise called Rabi-ul-akir, the fourth month of the Mahomedan year. The month after the Mulud month. Siling, each other. Siling twmbuk, they boxed or thumped each other. Siling kadék, they cut at each other. Siluman, a fancied spirit or genius. Á sprite which does unaccountable things, and creates mischief, Perhaps derived from Si, the common prefix to proper names, and Luma, C. 609, a tail, a hairy tail, Lwma-an = Luman, having a hairy tul, thus literally, him with the hairy tail. Simah, fear, dread; a fear wlich paralyses the whole body. Such a terror as is expe- rienced when meeting a tiger in the jungle. Siman, a swelling under the eye-lid. A swelling rising up near any wound. Sima, C. 741, a boundary, a limit, a land mark, A bank, a shore, AND ENGLISH. 449 Simbuhan, to sprinkle with water. To throw water upon. To moisten as from a wa- tering pot. Simbut, a coverlet, a sheet, a blanket, a wrapper. Simèëut, a grasshopper. Chisiméut = grasshopper-river in South Bantam. Simpai, a hoop; a circle of split bambu, rattan, or any limber vegetable substance twisted round another object. Simpai blust, iron-hoop. Simpang, a variety of rattan resembling Sampang, only a little smaller. It is little used as it is brittle and soon breaks. Simpangan, a deviation in a road. A path or way that diverges from another. A deviation, a side path. See Nyimpang. Simpangkën, to diverge. To turn out of the usual course. To cause to take another direction, Simpèëurëum, name of a shrub. Phyllanthus Verrucosa. Sinagar, a variety of palm tree, Pinanga Coronata. Sinanangkap, a large caterpillar with a quantity of hair down each side, which causes great itching if it pierces the skin. Sinantaha, if, always in case that, provided that. Sinar, a ray of light. A stream or beam of light. Effulgence. Sinar mata poi, the rays of the sun. Sinar hintan, the radiance of diamond. Sinariëun, anything which usually does not happen now taking place. Sinariëun sia to kadiyo, usually we never see you, but now here you are (a sort of jeer). Sindang, to stop, to halt. To stop on the road. To pull up. Sindir, to sneer at, to jeer at, to quiz, to taunt, to deride. Sindoro, a high mountain in central Java in the residency Kadu. High upwards of 10.000 feet. This mountain is near the Swmbing and the two together are called ‘„the Brothers,” by navigators. Sinéurëut, the flesh in an animal which lies under the backbone near the rump. The Sinturtut is the favourite piece of flesh out of any animal, being tender and delicious, Sing, a monosyllable of extensive use, answering to: let it be, and in Malay is often expressed by Biar. Sing luhur, let it be at the top, or put it up high. Pêuptuh sing luhur, strike high up. Surungkènsing luhur, shove ithigh up. Sing Aadé, take care; let it be with care, Sing saha nudaik bai, whoever chooses, Sing jélëma bai, any man; the first man that comes. Sing'a, a lion. An almost fabulous name on Java, where the animal is unknown. Sinha, C. 729, a lion, in composition pre-eminent. The word is often heard in the compo- sition of proper names. Mulu sing'a, lion's head, name of a particular kind of handle for a gobang or native sword, representing what was no doubt originally meant for a lion’s head. Singaparna, a chief village south of Bandung. Singa, a lion, Parnna, C. 871, a leaf of the betle leaf, 5 57 450 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Sing'apura, Singapore, From Sing'a, C. 720, a lion, and Pura, C. 409, a city, a town. The lion city. The present British setlement of Singapura on the old site of a celebrated Malay state so called. The old Malay Singapore was destroyed by the forces of Majapahit about A.D. 12352. Sing'asana, a throne, from Sing'a, a lion, and Asana, CO. 66, a seat. Sing'asari, the name of an ancient capital in Java, inland from the town of Pasuruan on the road to Malang, where still the remains of stone temples and colossal warders and images are found. Sing'a, lion, Sari, flower, beauty. The lion flower; the beau- tifal lion. Sing'at, up to, off by; until, as far as. Potong singat buku, cut it off by the joint. Sing'at tangkal waru, up to the Waru tree. Sing'at chai, as far as the river. MARSDEN, p. 94, gives Sahingga, Singga, and Singgan, with the same meaning in Malay. Singët, narrow, strait, short, a short distance. Brief, not long. Jalan na kadiniyo singët, the road that way is short. En sing'ët dwi ka lwmbur, there only remains a short distance to the village, Singkabkëén, to hift up a little; to raise on one side; to shake out. Singkal, the coulter of a plough. A piece of eurved wood fastened on a plough above the share, so as to turn over the ground in ploughing. Singkara, a silicious incrustation, sometimes found lining the inner tubes of bambu. Singké, a name given to a Chinaman who has immigrated from China, to distinguish him from a Chinaman born in the Archipelago and known by the name of Baba. Singké is said to mean new man or new friend. Singkir, to remove, to put out of the way. To displace, to set aside. Singkiran, to get out of the way of anything. To remove ourselves out of the way. Panyakit éta mèunang di singkiran, that disease you can get out of the way of it. Singkirkën, to remove something else than ourselves. To set aside, to put out of the way, to reserve for future use, Singkur and Singkurkën, to give a side cut or slash. To slash with a cutting weapon. To give a side blow, or parry, with a rattan when playing the game of Ujungan. Singsihéunan, to frighten, to terrify. To cause to be afraid. Singsiréuman, having the eramp in any of the limbs of the body. A numb feeling jin the body. That peculiarity of the flesh which is called being asleep. ‘The etymon of the word is Sirtum, an ant, and the word in the Malay to express the same idea is Stmutan, having the ant, or being troubled with the ant, from Sëmut, an ant. It is odd that such a sensation should be expressed in both languages by different words, but still both expressing the same idea. The idea conveyed is evidently that of feeling ants creeping over the body. Singwong, whoever, any one. This word is frequently used though the compound word wong is not Sunda but Javanese, and means: person, individual. AND ENGLISH. 451 Sinta, the spouse of Rama, in the Ramayana; called more frequently Sita Dewi. Sintir, twist-penny. To twirl a coin, and bet upon what face will be uppermost when it stops. Sintok, alarge forest tree, the bark of which is aromatie, and used much in native medicines. Sintrëk, to fillip, to strike by jerking a finger from the thumb. Sinuhun, the besought, the entreated, Kangjeng Sinuhan, a litle for an emperor or king. See Kangjèng. Sinungguing, a man in ignorance. A person in innocence made a fool of. A stupid, honest, will behaved man, who is made a fool of, who does not perceive what others are at. Sinyo, a young European boy. A male person of European parentage, born on Java or in India. The Portuguese Senior, Sipai, Persian, a Seapoy, a Sipahi. A native soldier. The native soldiers of the con- tinent of India. A Hindu soldier. All natives of the continent of India, dressed as Hindus, are frequently called Sipat. Sipat, to mark out with a line, as a carpenter does. To aim at, to direct as to a mark. Di sipat ku bidil, to aim at with a gun. Sipat, Arabic, Sifat, quality, appearance, attribute. Sipat Allah, the attributes of God. Sipatan, a carpenter’'s measuring line, and the reel on which it is wound, which con- tains a small cistern, in which a little cotton or bit of old rag lies soaking in an inky preparation. The line passing out through this mixture becomes wet and black, and leaves then a mark on the wood to which it is applied, This arrangement re- places the European method of using chalk. Sipuh, to renovate as metals. To set a new edge on a tool by working over when hot. To temper as iron by dipping when hot in water. To burnish gold by applying salt- peter and acids, which gives a dull but homogenous lustre, Sir, the idiomatie expression for the noise made by a sharp current of air. See Pasir. Sir, Arabie, will, wish, inclination, Sok sa sir na bai, he always follows his own will or inclination. Sirah, the head, — an honorary designation. Sira, C. 735, thehead. Sirah Kiai Adi- pati, the head of his honour the adipati. Siram, properly Malay, to water, to sprinkle with water. An expression in the opium __farm. That quantity of opium which is taken above what the government forces upon the farmer as a necessary quantum, and is then given at a lower price with a view to prevent smuggling. Sirap, shingles. A flat bit of split wood used for roofing, like flat tiles. A variety is sometimes made from split bambu. Siraru, the white ant termes, when it takes wing and flies about, which is always at even-tide and during the night; they only now and then make their appearance for a few nights, and are not again seen for months, when a new swarm takes place from the parent stock, 452 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Sirëp, to cause deep sleep by charms. Incantations practised by thieves before robbing a house, in orderto bring deep sleep upon the inmates. Di sirëp bolong’or, to cause sleep by charms, wherein the person sees and is conscious of what is going on, but has no power to move. Si-rëu-&uk, one of the numerous names applied to wild pigs, especially when they are in floeks, which rèu-tuk expresses, as it means smoke. Sirëum, ants of all kinds, Formica. The following varieties are distinguished, bearing the prefix Surtum. Sirëum Akas, is a large black ant found on the ground. It bites very hard, and causes much pain, drawing blood. „ __Atëéul, the itchy ant, causes prurience, of red colour, and on the ground. „ _Kilang, brown and small, found on the ground; when it bites or emits its saliva upon a wound in the flesh, it causes it to be difficult to heal. „ Lada, the peppery ant, found on trees and gives a smarting bite. „ _Upas, poisonous ant, black colour, found on trees, is of small size but gives a very painful bite. See also in voce Kararanggé, Rinyu, Taman, Tataman, Téplos, which though ants never have the prefix Sirëum. Sirëupéun, small bees. A variety of bee which is very small. Sirik, unwilling to do-more than others. Jealous of favours conferred on others. Sirikaya, name of a fruit, the custard apple. Annona Squamosa. Quere? ought it not tobe Srikaya, from Sri, C. 779, illustrious, famous. Kaya, C. 119, the body, in allusion to the lusciousness of this fruit. Sirit, pudendum hominis, sive penis animalium. Sirigil, a rougly made Sosog; most frequently also the same as sosog itself, which see, Siring, to exchange means of transport at short intervals. To change horses and coolies by stages. Sirung, a sprout, the foot of a tree. Tunggal sirungan, the stump of thetree is throw- ing out sprouts. Sisi, side, border, edge. Sist chat, the side of the river. Sisi jalan, the side of the road. Sisi may be derived from St of Sima, C. 741, boundary, limit, a bank, a shore, The final ma is only constructive, leaving the erude from of the word Si, which in Sunda may have been duplicated, to render it intensitive: Si-st, to imply continuity. This $% may be the etymon of T'asik, which see, Sisian, on the edge or border, at the side of. Sisiaran, to hunt in the head for lice. Sisig, a plug of thred tobacco chewed along with Sèurëuh. Sisihan, an assortment of greens or vegetables set out on a tray for eating at a feast, Sisikian, seeds, all sorts of seeds. Sisili, name of a small fish, found in both stagnant and running water. Resembles a small Bèrod, AND ENGLISH. 453 Sisilih, a person who replaces another in any office or employment, a remplacant. Sisip, only a little remaining. Said of food or money, of which hardly enough remains for our own use. Sisir, a comb, a comb worn in the hair. A sortof comb, bound both above and below, belonging to the native loom, between which the separate threads are passed to keep them distinct. Sisiran, to comb, to dress the hair with a comb. Sisirik, querulous, jealous of favours conferred on others. Unwilling to do more than your neighbours. Sisit, scales of a fish. Sisit lauk, fish scales. Sisi pinyu, tortoise shell. Sisit naga, dragon’s scales. Name of a variety of paddy. Sisiwo, laughing, playing in fun. Lain sisiwo, it's no playing, it's no child’s play. Tuan ma sok sisiwo bai, our master often makes fun, does things for a joke. Sita, C. 741, the daughter of Janaka and wife of Rama Chandra, carried away by Ra- wana, called usually Sita Déwi. The same as Sinta. Siti, a lady of rank. A proper name used in Pantuns as applied to a female or goddess. It is probably a corruption of Séhéti, C. 762, a young woman, a maid. And thus Déwi Sitt, would be: maiden goddess. Siti, Kawi, earth, ground, land; the earth, a country. Sitinggil, an abbreviation of Sti, ground, Zinggil, high in Javanese = high ground. Name of a terrace in front of native kratons or palaces, where the sovereign shows himself to his subjects, or gives audiences. Situ, au artificial lake or pond, made by damming upa ravine, so asto retain the water for the purposes of irrigation. This word is derived from India. Séu, Crouam, 768, from Si, to bind, and Jun, affinitive. A mound, a bank, a causeway, an elevated piece of ground separating fields and serving for the passage of travellers etc; a bridge; a pass; a defile. — It will be seen that in Sunda the meaning is somewhat modified from what it really and originally meant, as the Sundanese attach to this word the idea of a pond or lake, whereas in reality it is only the dam or embankment to form the lake. Situ-banda, Adam's bridge between Ceylon and the continent of India. C. 163, Sétu Bandha, from Sétu, a bridge and Bhanda, binding. The ridge of rocks extending from the South extremity of the Coromandel coast towards the island of Ceylon, supposed to have been formed by Manuman, by command of Rama, as a bridge for the passage if his forces, when going against Rawana;s any dike or dam ete. This word Situ banda is known only in old legendary Hindu lore; at the last end of Java is a district near Panarukan called Sitw Bondo, no doubt after the Indian fable. Here have always existed some large dam works for stopping up the river, for the purposes of irrigation, which were, a few years ago, replaced by the Dutch governmenv with substantial masonry dikes. Situ Hyang, any small pool of water on an upland plateau, where it can only be fed 454 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE by rain water, and is thus looked upon more or less as a wonder; the pool of the divini- ty (of ancient Hindu times). Such a Situ-hyang exist on the Bolang Estate, a little to the Fast of the Gunung Handarusa. Siwa, also called Mahadéwa. One of the Hindu gods. Croveu in his dictionary at page 187 gives, Siwa, from Si, to sleep, wan, affinitive. The deity Siwa, the most for- midable of the Hindu triad, the worship of which he is the object, is of a more gloomy nature in general, than that of the rest. Siwangkung, a variety of palm tree, larger than the Sarai. Siyak, disappeared, passed away, dispersed. Siyal, unlucky, not successful. Luuck not attending anything which we undertake. Siyëuk, to laddle out, either water, or any loose fine matter, as grain, rice, sand, sugar or the like. To take out such materials with any cup-like utensil or with a cocoa nut shell. Siyëèur, fine fleas, small fleas, diminutive flies, found much about the rice blocks, Siyuh, the whistle of a breeze of wind. The distant splash of a waterfall, The sound made by running water, especially if passing over a stony bed. Siyung, the tusks of any animal. The sharp incisor teeth of the tiger, the dog, the horse or any other animal. A tusk,a fang, a canine tooth. Slam, the short for the Arabie word Zslam, mahomedan, belonging to the faithful. Orang Slam, mahomedan people. Slamkën, to convert to mahomedanism. Smeéru, the highest mountain in Java, being, according to JuNGHUEHN, 11.920 Rhineland feet high, which are equal to 12.274 feet English. It is situated upon the confines of Malang in Pasuruan and Basuki. Swméru, C. 752, from Su, excellent, Méru, the saered mountain Méru. Méru, C. 559, the sacred mountain of the Hindus. Meé- ru on Bali is a petty temple with several roofs rising one above the other in a pyra- midical form, and dedicated to Siwa. FRrRIEDERICH, Bat. Trans. vol 22. On the top of the Hindu Méru, Sakra holds his court surrounded by the gods of Swarga, and underneath its base isthe residence of the Äsuras or demons. The Sméru is an ac- tive volcano almost constantly throwing out ashes, which will help to confirm the idea of its being the abode of demons. Soang,a goose, anser. This word lookslike the Malay word Angsad, goose, — MARSDEN, page 8 — reversed. Angsa is the Sancrit Hansa, C. 784, a goose, a gander, a swan. Soang may also bea contraction of Sota, C. 765, snout, beak, mouth, ect., and Man- sa, C. 784, a goose: the snouted goose, as the geese in the Archipelago have all a peculiar boss or exerescent hump rising at the insertion of the beak. Angsa and Gang- sa are the usual words, throughont the Archipelago for goose, which are evidantly the Sanscrit Mansa. The name of this bird was likely to be Sanscrit, as it is not in- digenous, in a wild state, to any part of the Archipelago. * Soara, sound, report, noise, voice. Swara, C, 782, sound in general ; air breathed through the nostrils; snoring, AND ENGLISH, 455 Sobat, Arabie, a friend, a eompanion, confederate. Sobat dndé, a determined friend. Sobong, a room or compartment patched or joined on to a house already existing. En- largement of a native house by some additional building joined on to it. Sodaikën, to incline, to slope off. To set at an angle. Sodong, a recess under a rock or bank, A cavern opening into a hillside or under a roek. The recess into which the corpse is deposited. The natives, in making a grave, die sideways, at the bottom, a recess into which the corpse is put, so that the earth thrown in upon the grave again, does not rest upon the body. Sodoran, to hand to any one. To give by handing. To present. So-ék, to tear, to rend (as clothes etc). Suyak, MARSDEN, 194, to tear, to rend as cloth, Subek, CRAWFURD, to tear, Sogok, to plough up with any instrument, as with a knife, a chisel or the like. To break up a surface, to chisel up. To cut up by ramming some instrument against it. Méja rusak di sogok ku bedog, he spoiled the table by ploughing it up with his chopper. Soko, the rim of split wood fixed on round the bottom of a Këpék or Bakul, Soksok, be quick, bear a hand, look sharp; the same as Sègslg. Sol, the idiomatic expression of coming forward, or being put forward, Sol bai ka hartup, in front it was put, or in front he came, Sol bai duit mayar, and producing money he paid. Soldado, Portuguese, a European soldier, or one trained to the European discipline. Soléman, Solomon. Nabi Soléman, the prophet Solomon. Solémpat, the same as Chariëuh, a plant very much resembling Chartang, which see; Solo, thé original name of the residence of the emperor of Java; called also Surakarta; Solog-santog, to stumble about; to walk and tread rudely on places which ought to be respected. To roll about as a drunken man. Solokan, a bay of the sea; an inlet. Soma, the second day of an ancient week of seven days, corresponding to Monday. See Dité. Soma, C. 768, from Su, to bear as young, the moon. A name of Kuwéra, which see. Somah, a married pair; a man and wife. Soma, C. 768, the moon, but derived from Su, to bear young. Sombéng, anything with a notch or gap in it. A man with a hare lip. Said of any holding utensil with a bit broken out. Kakénchéng sombéng, an iron pan with a bit broken out. Pinggang sombéng, a broken cup. S% sombéng, a man with a hare lip, In Malay the word is Sumbing, MARSDEN, 180, notched, gapped. somplak, broken off or detached in a large piece from a still larger mass. Somplék, broken off or detached from a larger mass, This word express a smaller de- gree than the previous word Somplak. Sompok, detached in a great mass, as when the side of a mountain gets loose and tum- bles down. 456 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Sondari, occurs in jampés as Sang Sondari, the name of some supernatural being. Sun- dari, C. 749, a handsome woman. Sang Sundari will be: the holy goddess of beauty. Sowndaryya, C. 769, beauty, loveliness. Sondari, Chisondari, name of a place South of Bandong in the Prianger Regencies, Sundura, C. 765, a wife, a mistress, a term of endearment, from Sundari. Songgo, another way of pronouncing Sangga, to bear up, to support. Songgom, a shrub the roots of which are used, when pounded, for stupifying fish. The Songgom must, however, be mixed with wood ashes, and certain barks, especially with that of the Kipèuhëur, bruised up. Jua songgom, the intoxicating matter so prepared. See Tuba. The songgom is the Barringtonia Acutangula. Sougsong, a tube of bambu kept for blowing fires in place of our bellows. Of course the blast from the lungs is only moderate, but still sufficient for cooking operations. Sontak, broken off, said of the part of any utensil which is broken off, as the snout of a tea pot, or the like, Injured by being broken. Sopal, the covering at the tip of the sheath of any weapon. The horn, ivory, metal or other tip to a gobang or kris sheath. Sopi, ardent spirits. Gin, brandy or arrack. Soplak, splitting and rending. Said of a piece of wood, or large bambu. Sorang, to walk or pass along, to perambulate. To set foot upon any place. Zo laku di sorang, you cannot pass that way, (from some difficulty existing on the road). Chukang éta möngké tunytuh, lamun di sorang, that bridge will fall down if you pass along it. Sorangan, alone. Sa, one, Orang person. Of himself, of his own free will, Sora- ngan kadiyo, YT have come alone. Datang sorangan to di titah, 1 have come of my own free will without order. Sorban, Persian, a turban. Correctly Sèrband. Soré, the evening, the afternoon, the close of the day. Këmbang soré, a flower which only comes out in the afternoon, Mirabilis Jalapa, Called at Batavia also Kémbang pukul ampat, four o'clock flower. Soréang, to cast a glimpse. To take a look at. To stare. Sorén, to carry as a weapon. To wear a weapon by sticking it into a belt round the body. Kris na glus di sorén, he has stuck the kris into his belt. Soréndangkëén, sling anything over the shoulder. To wear by a belt hung over the shoulder, as a soldier carries his sword. Soro, name of fine flavoured fish, found only in mountain streams. It resembles the Kau- chara in appearance only is considerably smaller. Sorodot, slipped off, glided off; said of any great mass which has slipped down. Chd= tang sorodot ka lando, the log of wood glided down the hill, Sorog, the tenon by which two planks are utined, Both planks are cut in a mortice, which is wider within han without, and the tenon forced in unites the planks frmly. AND ENGLISH. 457 The planks are so joined together in pedaty wheels when not made with spokes, Sorog lawang, a bar by which a door is fastened, whithin. Sorolok, a bar in a gateway which shoves backwards and forwards through apertures in the side posts prepared for the purpose. Such bars serving for a gate. Sorondéng, kachang or pulse cooked up with butter or cocoa nut oil. Sorosopan, many varieties of the same plant growing together, but which do not come evenly ripe, especially paddy. Some ripe and some not yet so. Sorot, effulgence, refulgence. Sorot 1yo jéltma piménaktun, the effulgence of this man is that of a nobleman. „Sorot mata poi, the effulgence of the sun. Sor-sor, the idiomatic expression of doing anything gently or by degrees, Sor-sor bai chai iyan, gently keep throwing water upon it. Sorung, the same as sirung, a sprout, the shoot of a tree. Soso, to clean rice by putting it again into the rice block and pounding off any rem- nants of husk, and then fanning it clean preparatory to cooking. Sosog, a bambu split in 8 or 10 shreds lengthwise, but not quite through to the end, one or two joints being left unsplit. These split shreds are wattled into a round basket, and when large are set at the opening of a fence to catch wild pigs, or when ‘small and only of lenght of one joint of the bambu, are set in sawahs to catch min- nows as they go with the water of irrigation from one terrace to the other. Sosokan, a variety of bambu basket, two of which constitute a. Sosokan, and pass one within the mouth of the other, and are farther or less apart according to the contents. Sosoroyo, a small bit of to-fall shed, A bit of roof joined on to the edge of a larger roof. A temporary shelter for the night or from rain. Sot, the idiomatic expression for letting go, loosening hold. B&dog t&ullui sot di lëpotkén, forthwith he dropped his chopper. Sot hèulan, let go first. ‚ although, notwithstanding. Di béré soté lain perchumah, although I give it you, it is not for nothing. Lè&wmpang soté, di paksa bai, although I go, it is by force. Spré, a sheet for a bed. The Dutch spret, a coverlet, a counterpane. Sraman, name of a place east of the town of Pekalongan at the foot of the Prawu moun- tains, which are noted for many Hindu antiquities. Sramana, C. 778, Srama, to perform acts of austere devotion. An ascetic, one devoted to meditation for the purpose of obtaining final emancipation from existence. A Buddhist ascetic, a beggar, the re- ligious mendicant; a Buddhist priest, Sri, a high title of honour placed before the proper name of a great man, as Sri Maha Raja, the illustrious great king. Sri Paduka, the illustrious sandal, Sri, Cover 119, from Sri, to serve, to worship, and the vowel made long. Famous, splendid, illustrious. See Séri, Sri mènanti, the third and innermost court of a Javanese palace. Stiwël, boots as worn by Europeans. (Dutch Stevel). Stori, Portuguese and European. Story, a point in dispute. A questionable point, 58 458 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Noise and nonsense. Jadi stort, it becomes a matter for judicial adjustment. Sua, or Karang Sua, a variety of sea-urchin called also Sasalakan, Cidaris. The word sounds like Sanscrit. Suwa, C. 755, happiness. Nirwana or final emancipation. The young of any animal. Suai, to open out, or open a passage through paddy, grass or the like, by laying the straw right and left with the hands as you pass along. To open a passage through any standing crop, or through the hair. Suan, a nephew or niece, when the father or mother being our brother or sister is younger than ourselves. See Alo. Suwa, C. 755, the young of any animal. Suap, and Suapan, to feed by putting into the mouth of another. The same as Hu- apan, which see. Saswap kéjo, a mouthfull of boiled rice. Subëng, an ornament for the ear. Rolls of gold or silver worn in a perforation in the ear. Not now in use. Subhanah, Arabic, to be praised or glorified. Allah, subhanah, God who is to be praised. Subuh, dawn, the peep of day, about 5% o'clock all the year round in Java. Probably derived from the Arabic Sébh, dawn. MARSDEN, page 200. Suchi, pure, clean, unsullied, innocent. Suchi, C. 745, the colour white. Purification by ablution. Mental purity. Virtue. Pure, clean; pious. Suchian, eleanness, purity, innocence. Suda, diminished in quantity, gone down. Taken off. Sadapan gëus suda, the sugar juice (from the kawung palm) has decreased, taken off. Btwnang na paré suda, the erop of paddy has diminished (is less than usual). Suda ti kalukang, less than last year. Sudagar, Arabic, a merchant, a trader. Sudi, occurs in the composition of some proper names. CRAWFURD gives Sudi as Sanscrit, te refine, to free from dross, to impurity. Sudi Manik, name of a mountain in the Gunung Saribu. Sudi, C. 746, a virtuous man. Manikyaya, C. 531, a gem, a jewel, any precious stone. A virtuous man who is a jewel; or a gem which is free from dross. Sudimara, name of a landed property inland of Batavia. Swdi, as below. Mara, C. 518, death, having a pleasure in death. Sudi, to be willing, to give consent; consenting, acquiescing. To sudi, IT am not willing, Ï won't hear of it. A forcible expression, which almost amounts to our’ „you be damned.” Sudhi, C. 748, from Su, good, Dhyé, to think. A learned man or tea- cher, a scholar. Sudu, a spoon, anything used by way of a spoon. An earthenware Chinese spoon. Sugan, perhaps. Quere Su, C. 742, good, well, Gan, an abbreviation of Ganana, C. 164, counting, enumeration, an account. Sugan, by good account = perhaps. Sa- suganan, to try your luck. Nothing like trying, Sugan datang, perhaps he will come. Sugan hade, perhaps it will be good. Sugi, rich, affluent, wealthy, This word sounds like Sanscrit. Sw, good. Giya, gone, with whom matters have gone well, AND ENGLISH. 459 Sugi akhérat, rich with things of the world to come, Pious. Sugi dunya, rich in worldly effects. Sugu, a plane, a carpenter’s tool. Provisions. See Susugu. Suguh, aliment. Food set before a guest, entertainment. See Susugu. Suhun, to carry on the top of the head; to carry any weight, as a basket etc. etc. ba- lanced on the head. Suitan or di suitan, to pull of bark in strips, by dividing it lengthwise, as if making string of it. Suitan or di suitan, to call at a woman by whistling. To give a sign to a woman by a whistle, when a rendez-vous is appointed. Suji, to work ornamental needle work, To embroider. Sujud, Arabie, to fall down on the knees to pray. To fall down on the knees at an- other man’s feet to make some entreaty. To ask for pardon. Suka, delight, pleasure, happiness. Glad, happy, rejoieing, joyful. Sukha, C. 748, from Su, good, Kha, an organ of sense, happiness, pleasure, delight. Ming to suka sia kakituan, I have no pleasure in your doing so. I don% like to see you doing so. Lamun twan suka, if you, Sir, will be pleased. Suka ang'ën, hearts content, gladness, pleasure. Sukakëén, to grant with pleasure; to accord of free will. To give full and unqualified consent, Suka-suka-an, mutual consent; mutual rejoicing. A rejoicing, a merry making. To take a pleasure in. Sukër, and Sukëran, in trouble, in difficulty. Distressed, put about. Sukët, grass, heard sometimes in jampés. The more usual word in Jukut. Sukla, a base metal composed of brass mixed with silver;any alloy of the precious me- tals. Sukla, C. 143, white, of a white colour; silver, Sukma, the breath of life, the invisible soul. The impalpable spirit within man. Suksh- ma, GC. 758, little, small, minute, atomic; fine, delicate, ingenious, subtle; an atom. Sukra, C. 748, the planet Venus. The preceptor of the Daityas or enemies of the gods. The ancient name for Friday on Java. Suku, the foot, the lower leg. The bottom, the base. Suku jéltma, a ma'ns foot. Su- ku satoa, the foot or lower leg of a beast. Suku gunung, the base of the mountain. Ehis word occurs in the following form, andis used in jampé. Suku,foot, — meaning far away. Watu, stone, — meaning near, close by. Gajah, elephant, — meaning a great man. Wuta, blind, — meaning not to be known, hidden. See these words severally in voce. Suku, a quarter, a part. Made use of in weighing gold. A quarter of a Spanish dol- lar in weight, Suku, name of some old Hindu ruins found or the Gunung Lawu, East from Solo. Sukur, Arabic, praise (of God). Thanks, acknowledgment, expression of gratitude. 460 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE MARSDEN, page 199. God be thanked; so much the better. Sukur lamur datang, I shall be thankful if he comes. Sul, Arabie, used in the composition of some names, is properly Zul. Zu, Arabic, Mars- DEN, 141, having, possessed of, endowed with. Zskander Zul Kurnein, Alexander the two-horned, This Zul is more commonly converted into Dul, see Dulpakar, Dul- kahidah, Dulhajt. Sul, the idiomatie expression for pushing or poking anything forward into view. Sul bai ka harëup, forward he went in front. Sul bai wang pérak mayar, poking out the silver money he paid. Sula, aspit, a pale, a stake. Sula, C. 761, a weapon, a pike, a dart; an iron pin or spit. Sulah, bald in the front of the head, but with hair behind. Partially bald in front either naturally or by removing the hair a little on the forehead so as to show a fine brow as a mark of beauty. Sulam, to replace seed in the ground where it has failed to come up. To replace any plants which have died out. To embroider, evidently conveys the same idea as the Sulam of plants, viz stiteching here and there on cloth. Sulangkar, name of a small tree or bush. The wood is much used in the superstitious invocations of the natives, and many wonderful properties are attributed to it. It is also called Kt-tua or Ki-tuwa, or the old one, or perhaps rather the supernatural one, as Tuwa is the Malay for old, and not Sunda, which represents old by Kolot.. See Tuwa. The Sulangkar is the Lela Sambucina of botany. It has berries some- what like the elder-tree in Europe, and hence Sambucina. Sulap, to juggle, to perform sleight of hand. To do acts of legerdemain. Sulabha, C. 755. Sw, easy. Labha, acquiring, easy, feasible, attainable. Zukang sulap, a juggler. Sulatri, name of a tree, Apoterium Sulatri. From the small round fruits an oil may be expressed. Suline Sg, a musical pipe, a flute. Piyup suling, to blow a pipe, to play on a flute. Sultan, Arabic, a sultan, a mahomedan prince. Suluh, fire-wood. Sula, C. 755, a torch, a flambeau, a chool, Suluh in Malay, MARSDEN 193, a link, a torch (usually made of the bark of trees, narrow slips of bambu, or leaves of the cocoa-nut fastened together). Sulur, a remplacent at work. A man sent by another to perform some public duty which was eneumbent upon the sender. Sumadang, name of one of the chief divisions of the Prianger Regencies, and also name of the chief town. The Um in this and the following words coming after the initial S is constructive, but the erude root cannot always be identified. It conveys an idea of similarity, of resemblance to what the word in its erude state implies. See U m voce, Sumadar, spread out, laid out. Dagangan g'us sumadar di warong, the articles of trade were spread out in the market. AND ENGLISH 461 Sumadét, in trepidation, in anxiety. Sumadi, rather than, sooner than. The worse of an alternative. Sumad: bêunang ang- aur sia path, sooner than get it, you are more likely to be killed. _ Sumalaksa, to hide or conceal itself hike an elf or evil genius wishing to do man some harm. Sumalampir, to conceal itself as an evil genius which is troublesome to man. Samang'at, happy, prosperous, successful, in abundance. Plenty, especially said of paddv, fruits or something to eat. Eukëur sumang’at bubuwahan, at a time when fruit is in plenty. Muktur sumang'at lauk, at a time when fish is in abundance. Sumanggah, perfectly right, very good. An expression of acquiescence and approba- tion. Probably derived from Sumangala, C. 751, from Su, good, and Mangala, aus- picious: very fortunate, very auspicious. Sumatra, the island so called by Europeans. The island is not so known by any natives, either on the island itself or on Java, and vet Éuropeans appear to have learnt that name from natives, when they first visited the East, Natives do not appear to have any general name, now adays at least, for the whole country, but designate its various parts, as Lampung, Bangkahulu, Aché &e. &c. The natives of India calledit of old Jawa, as well as the island which we call Java. At Singapore, to this day, they call the wind blowing from Pamatra, angin Jawa. Amongst other derivations may be suggested the following. Of the two Jawas which the Indians found on arriving from the Continent, distinguished by Marco Polo, most probably after a method in use in his day, amongst Indian navigators, as Java minor, and Java major, the minor or Sumatra is the more northern, and lesser distant Java from India, though as a country it is far greater in size than the Java of the present day. Uttara, C. 76, means the North, northern, this with the constructive Sa, which is of such frequent occurrence, and is an abbreviation of Saha, C. 721, a particle and prefix signìfying union, association, with, together, — would give Sa-uttara ; between these two words has been inserted the peculiar wm which see, and hence Sa-um-uttara = Sumatra, in a similar way that in Sunda, Jumarum is derived from Jarum, Tumbak from T'uwbuk, Tumorék from Torék. And hence Sumatra would denote — „the Northerly one”, the northerly Island. Or it may come from Su, C. 742, good, well. Matra C. 536, the whole, only, solely, exclusive and identical. Sumatra = entirely good, exclusi- vely good, — from the rich luxuriant vegetation which the natives of India would every where find, and so very different from the parched up coasts of Coromandel, whence they probably came. | Sumaut, said of certain fruits, as Mangoes, which have reached their full size, but are not yet properly ripe. Sumba, the name of the island called in the maps Sandalwood. Noted for its good breed of horses. Sumbang, out of time. Not keeping tune or intonation in singing or in instrument playing. Sumbat, worth while, worth the trouble. Getting something to reward your labour or 462 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE trouble. Swinbat mêlak jajong,it is worth while to plant maize. Have been amply re- warded by planting maize. Nyambut sawah sahëutik to sumbat nyéwa kèbo, to work a small sawah it will not pay to hire buffaloes. Sumbawa, the third great island east from Java. Sambhawa, C. 718, from Sam, in- tensitive, Bhawa, being, cause, origin, motive; birth, production. This name may have been given by the Hindu colonists on Bali and Lambok, to denote its being an island still further towards the rising sun. Bima at the east-end of Sumbawa looks like the Hindu Bima, a namefor Siwa, vide voce. Luttle stress in laid on the vowel u, and it may without any violence be written Sumbawa. Sumbëng, uncomfortable in the body or in the head as if of incipient disease. Warm in the head, and a little out of order as is often the case with children. Sumbér, oecurs in the composition of some names of places in East Java, where it means spring, fountain. Sumbi, a small stick or bit of bambu in the native weaving loom, of length of the breadth of the web. It has a needle or pin fixed in each end, and is used in front of the Mapit, to keep the cloth atits proper breadth whilst weaving. This instrument is also called Sëungklur. Sumbing, a high mountain in central Java in Kadu, high nearly 11.000 feet. It is the twin-brother of the Sindoro. Sumbu, the wick of a lamp or candle. See Dëlés and Pasumbon. Sumbul, a basket made of split bambu, square at bottom, and high about eight inches, fitted with a cover. It is round at top and much larger than at the bottom. Such baskets, amongst other general purposes, are used for holding boiled rice, from which the people help themselves. When such a basket has no cover, it is called Boboko. Sumbung, name of a plant, Conyza Graveolens. The same as Chapèuh. Sumbur, to blow and spit out when performing Jampé or incantation. On such occa- sions the Dukun or doctor chews some sturtuh mixed with a bitof Panglai, and then muttering a prayer, blows the contents of the mouth upon the sore place on the pa- tient, which is thought to be a very efficacious remedy. It need hardly be said that faith has a great deal to do with such cures. Sumènap, name of a sovereignty on the east end of the island of Madura. Suméntor, in case of, for fear of (heard in Jampés). Suméuréuh, better than usual, propitious, advantageous. Sumidu, to hiecup. In Malay the word is Sédu, MARSDEN 165, to hiccup, to sob. Obstructed respiration. In the Sunda word the peculiar Um is interposed, which de- notes continuity, Sumihung, said of paddy-seed in the ground, which is swollen and about to burst the husk. In all probability derived from Sihung or Siyung, the eye-teeth or tusks of an animal, Swmikhung is thus, showing with tusks. en AND ENGLISH. 463 Sumpah, to swear, to take an oath. Probably derived from Sapa, C, 705, an oath, an imprecation, a curse. Made a verb by the insertion of the peculiar Um. Or it may be derived from Su; C. 752, good, reverence. Pata, C. 354, a leaf, the leaf of a book. The Hindu scriptures were written on palm-leaves, and on them, or by them, oaths may have been taken. In Javanese and Madurese, Supata is an oath, a vow. To swear, to vow. Sumpahan, to administer an oath. To put to the test of an oath. Sumpël, to stop, to stop up, as the mouth of any aperture, the mouth of a bottle for instance. A stopple, a pledget, a cork, a bung, a plug. Lodong na di sumpèl ku daun, the bambu water-holder was stuffed up with leaves, (to prevent the water from running out). Swmptl is any wisp of leaves or other light matter to stuff into any vessel or aperture. Sumping, a head-ornament. Any ornament worn about the head, especially when stuck into the hair, as a flower stuck in behind the ear. Sumping, to come, to arrive, Said of a high personage, Sumpit, to blow small arrows, headed with a bit of cotton, through a hollow bambu cane, with which to kill birds. Sumpitan, the instrument used for blowing arrows. A blow-pipe. This instrument was probably formerly used extensive in ancient Java, as it now even exists, in common use, among the rude inhabitants of Borneo and Celebes, In Java it is, nowa days, only a child’s play thing. Sumpur, name of a forest-tree with hard, heavy, reddish wood. Colbertia Obovata. This tree casts its leaves entirely before the new ones make their appearance, and when so devoid of leaves, the flowers show themselves in plenty. They are light yellow. The natives say that the wood of this tree turns to stone, and hence fossil wood, which is very plentiful all over Jasinga and South Bantam is called Batu sumpur. But, notwithstanding what the natives says, the process of fossilization does not ap- pear to be going on. : Sumpur-chai, name of a tree, Capellia Macrocarpa. Sumputkën, to hide, to conceal anything, to secrete. Sumsum, the marrow. The matter inside the bones. Sumuhun, to submit, willingto obey. An humble expression, whereby the speaker in- timates his willingness to comply with orders, Most obediently. Probably a plural form of Suhun, to carry on the top of the head. Sumur, a well, a place where water naturally rises out of the ground, and is seldom deep, but mostly in the shape of a pool. Origin: Sur, idiomatic expression of shoving along, from the water in a well shoving itself out or oozing, with the peculiar Um interposed, to denote continuity or action. Sunan, a sultan, an emperor. A title given to the first Mahomedan missionaries who were Arabs. Probably derived from Suhun, to carry on the head. See Susuhunan. 464 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Sunat, Arabie, what is authorized or allowed. Actions meritorious though not obliga- tory. Sambayang sunat, prayers of super-erogation. Sunat, Arabic, eireumcìsion. Sagala islam kudu di sunatan, all Mahomedans must be eireumeised. Sunda, the Western half of the island called by Europeans generally. Java. It extends from Java Head to, and includes the resideney of- Cheribon, as distinct from the Eastern half of the island, which is Jawa or Java properly so called, and on the is- land itself always meant, when Java is spoken of, Sunda may be derived from the Sunda word Zunda, to set aside, to put by, and Sa or Saha, CLOUGH, 722, a par- ticle and prefix signifying union, association, with, together. In Sunda Sa in the composition of words means also having the property of. The words Saha and Sa and Zunda are contracted into Sa-unda or Sunda, a place of deposit, an entrepôt, Hence there is also the word Zundan, to carry by stages, to transport by corvées from one place to another. Sonda, OC. 765, is good, excellent, delightful, pleasing, agreeable, There is also Sundara, C. 149, handsome, beautiful, elegant; well, excel- lent, — which would give a Sanscrit etymon for the word, as many other islands in these parts also possess. The Sunda-country would well merit the title of delight- ful, pleasing, agreeable, in the eyes of the people of Coromandel, either from coming from a coast comparatively barren and treeless, or from having successfully perfor- med a long sea-voyage, and meeting with a country that teamed with vegetation to the very brink of the waves. Sundara, CQ. 759, handsome, beautiful, elegant. Hen- ce Sundara, a name of Kama, the god of love = the handsome one. Sundari, a handsome woman. In the Prianger Regencies, south of Bandong, is a Chi Sondar1. The natives.of India, coming from the droughty coasts of Coromandel , would be struck with the beauty of the ever-verdant plains and mountains of Java. One of the wives of Silawangt of Pajajaran was called Nyat Mantri Alanék Mayang Sunda, RAFFLES, Java, 2 vol, page 104, which may be translated, her ladyship the counsellor, the beautiful gem of illusion, or her ladyship of the counsellor, the gem of illusion of Sunda. In Pantuns occurs the name of Këéntrik Manik Mayang Sunda, as the heroine of a ro- mantic story. 1 feel rather inclined to derive Sunda from Zunda: in the Sunda language, to set aside, to put in deposit, so that it may be found and taken here after, and Saha or Sa-Tunda= Sa-unda, would imply a place of deposit, or, as we would calt it now a days, an entrepot. [ would imagine that this name was given to the West- end of Java, from the natives of the islands having been in the habit of bringing the spices of the Moluccos, and the produce of the Archipelago generally, to this place to meet the traders from the continent of India. Just outside of the bay of Bantam, there is even now an island called Pulo Tuenda. Deposit island, sometimes also called Pulo Babi or Hog island. The suitableness of the position for the ancient trade of the country is proved from the prosperity of the old town of Bantam at a subsequent period and up to the arrival of Europeans round the Cape of Good Hope. AND ENGLISH. 465 Boja Nagara, the country about St. Nicholas Point, may have got that name from having been the „Subsistance of the land,” which it implies, and affording the neces- saries of life to the numerous foreign traders. Séngyang Pura, literally „the Holy 1 divinity’s gateway,” or, as it is called in English maps „Thawt the way,” is a real gateway for navigators who came down the coast of Sumatra. Pulo Rakata, which Europeans have transmogrified into „Cockatoa Island,” may be a Polynesian way of pronouneing Rakta, C. 578, dyed, tinged, coloured, stained, red, of a red colour, blood-vermilion The island is now-a-days rather green than red, but it is high and peaked, and may in ancient times have been an active volcano, when it would merit the name of red, or colour of blood. The seat of trade, in course of time, was re- moved further into the Java Sea, and, before the arrival of Europeans, was established at Sunda kalapa =the Hidden depôt, where subsequently the Dutch founded the present town of Batavia, but which the Chinese, to this day, call Kalapa, after its ancient designation. In Malay no two econsonants come together, unless one of them be a liquid or a nasal (CRAWEURD'S Malay Grammar, Dissertation, page 19), thus Rakata may be the Malay way of pronouneing Rakta. Sunda Kalapa, the old name of a place not far from where the town of Batavia now stands. The Chinese still call Batavia, Kalapa, after this original name, which has been preserved by this people, though forgotten by even the native inhabitants of the country. The supposed meaning of Sunda has been given above. Kalapa is secret, hidden, out of sight. Vide voce. And thus Sunda Kalapa may, in early times, have meant a secret place of deposit or a depot for the traders from continental India, to collect their goods and rendez-vous before leaving in a fleet, to proceed up the coast of Sumatra, and then cross the Bay of Bengal on their way home. The Sunda people have a tradition that Buropeans frst showed themselves at Nusa Kalapa, a small island lying off the mouth of the Chidani river, and thus a little to the westward of the present town of Batavia. This may have been at Onrust or one of the adjoining islands. See RAFFLES, vol. 1, page 28 of Introduction. lt is rather remarkable that this spot, the mouth of the Chidani river, is still called „Untung Jawa”: the prosperity of Java, Sundal, a prostitute, a whore, a woman of bad fame. This word is occasionally used, though Lonté is more frequent. Chandala, C. 198 and 196, is most likely the etymon of the Sunda and Malay word Sundal. Croveu gives at page 193: Chandala is a kind of generic name for a man of the lowest caste, properly an outcast, a mean, low, vile fellow; a sort of mischievous demon-like wretch, one ready to execute any vile or mischievous act. Sundal, name of a plant with pretty, sweet, white flower, much worn in women’s hair. Polyanthes Tuberosa, or tuberose. Called in Malay Swndal malam or Sédap malam. Sundëk, inconveniently low. A place which you have difficulty to pass under. Sundëk amat lawang na, that door is very inconveniently low (you cannot get in without knocking your head against the lintel). 466 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Sunduk, a eross-beam or bar in a house or building composed of wood. A cross-beam between upright posts of a building, on which the beams of the floor rest. Sundul, sticking up; bulging out, projecting. Sundung, two pieces of frame-work made of light bambus, connected by a carrying stick, which rests upon the shoulders. Such Sundungs are used every where by grass- cutters for carrying their grass. À bambu frame-work for carrying grass. Sund ut, torsetons five WMosputstkesto: Sungké, name ofa tree which grows easily from cuttings, and thus much used for fences. Sungked, same as Sëngkud, to hurry on, to hasten. Sungkur, to pute the head under and toss as a bull does. To grub in the earth as a pig with its snout. To break open as an animal would do with its head, To shove or ram in. To toss or poke into with the head. Sunglap, the same as Sulap, which see, To jugele. To do sleights of hand. Sungsane, a jacket without sleeves or buttons. Sungsangkën, to set aslew. To put at some angle with some other object. Sungsuhunan, the ridge-pole of a house. Apparently also derived from Suhun, to carry on the head. Suns'ut, the mouth of man or beast. An aperture in anything. De blublutkin ka na Sung'ut na, he dashed it against his mouth. Masupkën ka gtro sung'ut na, put it into his mouth. ZLoba tluyn sung'ut, too much jaw! too much cheek! — Sung'ut kunchi, a key-hole. Sung'ut bödil, the mouth of a gun. Sunting, to deck the ears with flowers or other ornaments. The ornaments so used. Sup, the idiomatie expression of going in, or puttingin. Into, Sup l&uwtung di hasupan, into the forest he entered. Sup baö di choehokan, putting it in, he stuffed it up. The etymon of hasup, to go in; come in, Supa, champignons growing on logs of wood or fallen trees, There is a great variety of Supa in the forests among the mountains, many of which are eaten by the natives, and of which Supa béas, or rice-champignon is perhaps the best, being a small round white mushroom. Several of the supa, however, are poisonous. Supa lumar, a variety of champignon growing on rotten trees, in the forests among the mountains, which is phosphorescent in the dark, shining like the glow-worm. Supaya, in order that, so that, to the end that. But on consideration. Supaya mdu- nang, in order to get it. As long as you get it. Supaya hade, as long as it is good. In order that it may be good, Jadi na gëus di janji, supaya aytunah to dt bóré, just now IL promised it, but on consideration IL cannot give it. Supit, narrow, wanting room, confined. Jalan na supit tëuyn, the road is too narrow. Suprah, a day in an ancient week corresponding to Friday. See Dite. This word is different from the one usually employed in Ceylon, which is Surada, from Si- kura, C. 730, the planet Venus. Our Sunda word is, however, a corruption of Sukra, C. 743, the planet Venus, or its regent, the preceptor of the daityas, or ene-= mies of the gods. AND ENGLISH. 467 Sur, the idiomatie expression of shoving along with some degree of force, lt is in a higher degree, what Sér is in a smaller one. Sur bai di gusur, he trailed him along the ground. Sur, Arabie, the zodiacal sign Taurus. Sura, the word occurs often in the composition of proper names. sura, CG. 752, from Sura, to shine, to be radiant. A god, a deity, the sun; a sage, a learned man; power, majesty, dignity, auspiciousness. In Java Sura generally is taken for a hero, a brave man. Surabaya, the capital of the east-end of Java, in the straits of Madura, and name of an extensive residency. Sura, vide voce, or Suru, C. 754, a warrior, a hero. Bhaya;, C. 488, fear, terror, dread, alarm. Swra-baya, God-fear, hero-fear, fearful or account of the gods who protect it, or the heroes who defend it, or the fear of heroes who would attack it. Surabi, name of a variety of Kuéh or native cake, made of rice-flour. Surah, Arabie, a section of the Koran. Surah, the purport ofadream. The meaning of an expression which is not self-evident. A paragraph conveying some distinct meaning. Surak, to cry out aloud, to shout. An acclamation of joy or victory. Surakan, to shout, to any one, by way of warning, or tauntingly. Surakarta, the capital of the emperor of Java, who is usually called the Susunan. Sura vide voce. Karta or Kërta, done, accomplished. TFriumphant and accomplished. Ge- nerally called Surakarta adh ning rat. Adi, C. 24, over, above, implying su- periority in place, quantity, quality. MNing,of the, Rat for Rata,C. 581, a country, a district, an inhabited country. Thus, triumphant and accomplished, the fore-most place in the land. Also called simply Solo. Kèrta also means peace, tranquility, and Sura-karta may thus also be: a hero in peace. Suralaya, CrLouem 754, from Sura, a deiïty, or Sura, spirits, and Alaya, abode. The sacred mountain Méru; the extremity of the world's axis, and rehidence of the gods, Swarga or paradise, The highest top of the Unarang mountain, inland of Samarang, is so called. Suraléh, name of a tree, also called Kapidéngklung, which see. Surambi, a porch, a portico, a covered gallery. A vestibule. The vestibule of the mosque, or a place built as an appendage to a mosque for the purpose of holding courts on religious matters, or of gathering together to study the koran. Surat, a writing, anything written. A letter sent by post. MARSDEN, page, 191 reports this word as Arabic, but this origin may be fairly doubted, as it will admit of a Polynesian solution. Urat is a vein, a sinew, a fibre, whence it probably derived the word Gurat, to make a mark on any hard substance, as by engraving. Hence we have Gurat Batu, literally: engraven on stone, meaning figuratively any fixed tax or contribution, as if it had been registered on stone, and thus immutable, This 468 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE word, with the very common prefix Saha, and short sa, by means of, would easily elide into into Sq-urat — Surat, what was engraved. Now at early periods of eivili- zation in the Archipelago, very likely before paper was known, the people wrote generally upon slips of bambu with a style or pointed knife, which is the case, till the present moment, with the Battas of Sumatra, and some Dayaks on Borneo. The lontar-leaf was then probably even less known, than at later periodsh or only known along the sea-board, where it grows best. To this moment sometimes the Sunda mountaineers scratch a bit of fresh green bambu with a sharp pointed knife and in Arabie characters when better writing materials fail them. The word Surat, altered to Suratra, also exist in the Malagasi of Madagascar, and means not only writing, but also painting. This CrawrurDp, in his Dissertation, page 157,considers as of Arabie origin. The word Surat, when it assumes the verbal form becomes in Sunda Nyurat, Nywratan, when the intitial Sa is dropped. In Sunda also oeeurs the word Strat, stripes, lines, as in a drawing, and this appears to be a diminutive form of the word Surat. So also we have in Sunda the word Chèrét, to write, or more pro- perly to seribble, indicative of the rapid motion of any writing materials. The Arabs however, have a word nearly resembling our Surat in Strat, a written document, a manuscript, examples of which are Sirat Wackidi, Sirat Tabari, and Svrat Hishami different Arab manuscripts regarding Mahomet. See Calcutta Review, March 1854, page 75. Surat or A wi surat, the written bambu, from having longitudinal stripes between the joints along the tube. It resembles the awt gëdé, Surawung, an herb planted in the humahs and also in the gardens of the natives. Bears a fine pin-head like seed. Called in Malay Kamangi. Theleaves have a sweet- scented smell when pressed between the fingers, something resembling pepper-mint; used in native cookery. It is the Ocymum Monachorum of the family of Labiatae. Surëm, obscure, dark, dimmed, sullied, Surén, name of a forest-tree, Cedrela Febrifuga; a substitute for Peruvian bark can be prepared from it. The wood is much used for the panels of carriages, and the Manilla segar-boxes are made also from its wood, which is red. Surga, Heaven, the abode of the blessed, Swarga, C, 782, the paradise of Indra on the top of Maha Méru, and the residence of deified mortals and the gods, Suri, a queen, a woman of high rank, See Permasuri, Suri, a variety of cucumber which is of rather a globular shape and called Bonténg Suri. Suri, the sisir of the native loom, so called about Buitenzorg. Vide Sis, Surili, name of a variety of monkey wild in the Sunda forests and very shy. It is greyish black, with a white mark under the chin on the breast. Surubuk, manure; any dung or other matter, as soot or ashes, laid on the ground to improve it. Surud, the ebb, the ebbing of the tide of the sea, or the going down of a flood in the rivers. Cha-ah na glus surud, the flood has gone down, AND ENGLISH, 469 Surudum, wrapped up in the Samping or Sarung by having it drawn over the shoul- ders and up close about the neck, so that the sarung covers the whole upper body. The sarung is so used when the wearer is cold. Surung and Surungkën, to shove, to push. Di surung ka gawir, he shoved him to the precipice. Surungkèn ka jéro, push it in. Surup, to go down as the sun, to set; to be absorbed, Mata pot gëus surup, the sun has set. Chai surup ka jëro, the water is absorbed, Surup-surup, to gain secret information, to ascertain on the sly. Suruwasa, a district in the interior of Central Sumatra, containing the old capital of Menangkabau. Suru, C. 754, a warrior, a hero. Brave, heroic, intrepid. Wasa, C. 640, a house, a habitation, a site, or situation. The abode of heroes. Surya, the sun, used in the composition of proper names. The colloquial word for the sun being Mata pot. Derived from Sura, C. 752, toshine, Surya, what shines, the sun. Surya, C. 760, the sun. The Ur in Surya resembles the Polynesian Ur in Pimur,—see Ur, — and would give then Sa-ur-ya, that which comes forth. On Bali, Surya holds equal rank with Siwa. FRIEDERICH. Susah, inward trouble, disquietude, distress, anxiety. Troubled, troublesome, difficult to accomplish, Inconvenient. Susahan and Susahkën, to give trouble, to cause distress, to annoy, to incommode: Susu, the breast. The nipples on the breast of man or woman, a dug, a teat. U at the Marquesas and Sandwich Islands is teat, a woman's breast, milk. MosBrrcm’s vocabulary. U in the Maori of New Zealand is „the breast of a female.” CRAWFURD, Dissertation, page 141. It has this meaning in more languages of the Pacifie, and is evidently duplicated with the prefix Sa in Sunda. Sa-u Sa-u= Susu. This is also the case in Malay and other languages of the Archipelago. The duplication being a method of expressing intensitiveness, which occurs also in other instances, Susu or Chisusu, water of the nipples, is the usual expression for milk. Susu, a small monovalve shell-fish common in the mountain streams, Melania. There are also Susw on the rocks on the sea-shore, which are Nerita. Susuan, to give suck. To take an infant to the breast for the purpose of sucking. Susudu or Susuduk, anything used by way of a spoon or laddle. A piece of stift cocoa-nut-leaf bent in a channel, with which to poke at any soft objectand help your- self to a portion. Susugu, food, aliment, provisions, the necessaries of life, — supplied to strangers, public officials or visiters, also to people employed on any work. Susugu na hadé, he gave good cheer. Susuhunan, title of the emperor of Solo. May be derived from Suhun, to carry on the head. Called also sometimes Sunan. In the Indisch Magazijn, tweede twaalftal, nos. 9 and 6, page 186, is found that Susuhunan, also Sunnan, is derived from the word Suhun, which implies reverence; Nyukhun, to reverence; Sinuhun, to be reverenced. 470 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Susuhunan, contracted into Sunnan, implies the object of reverence, or the revered, This title was given by the Javanese to the Arabian teachers and leading men, who first came to Java and taught Mahomedanism. The title was afterwards transferred to their successors and to the princes of Mataram, who, after the fashion of every Mahomedan government, are placed at the head of all matters belonging either to spiritual or temporal affairs. This name has been retained, till the present day, for the emperor of Surakarta or Solo. 5 Susuitan, the same as Suitan, which see, E Susuk, a conical basket made of split bambu, without any bottom. It is set down in water or marshy places, and the fish which it may have enclosed are groped out, by passing the arm down through a small hole at the apex of the basket. Susuk, to cut a canal. To cut or make a water-course. G&us di susuk, a canal has been made. Susukan, a canal, a water-course, an artificial water-course. See Susuk. Susul, to run after, to goin quest of, to pursue. To trace, to chase, Ari di susul to kabidag, and when you give chase, you cannot come up with him. Di susul datang ka pluting, we pursued him till night came on. Swusul lachak, to trace footmarks, Susu/ hbo, to go in quest of a buffaloe (which has gone astray or been stolen). Susun, to pile up, to set one upon another, In sets, in layers. Compound, double as flowers. Bata kudu di susun, you must pile up those bricks. M&lati susun, a double meélati-flower. Kakénchéng sa susun, a nest of cooking-pots. Susuri, the mane of a horse, Susut, to rub, to scrub, to wipe. Meja kudu di susut, the table must be rubbed. Susutan, to wipe. To track as a dog by rubbing its nose along the ground or grass, To rub the nose against another person’s face, as in making love. Suta, occurs in proper names, as Suta Wijaya. Suta, C. 145, a son, a prince. C. 759, born, engendered; thus Suta Wijaya is the prosperous or successful son or prince. Suta Wikara, a name formerly given to the chiefs of Jasinga, which the people be- lieve to have meant the monkey-son, from living in a mountainous and forest coun- try. Wekara, can only mean monkey, figuratively from making gestures. See Wikara. Sutra, silk. Kanté sutra, silk thread. Kain sutra, silk eloth. Sutra, C. 759, from Siwa, to sew, and{ra, affinative; and Z changed to U,or Su, to hear &e. A thread in general. The Hindus must thus have brought with them to the Archipelago silk thread, which, under their name of Sutra or thread, passed current for silk itself, Su-ub, to well up as water. Said of water oozing through the ground. Su-uk, another name for Kachang tantuh, Arachys Hypogaea. Su-ung,a variety of Supa, which see. A fungus. The Su-ung also grow on old rot- ting logs or trees, CI l suwapan, to feed a child, .to.stuff into an infants mouth, To bribe, to fee. AND ENGLISH. AT 1 Suweng, round pieces or rolls of tinsel stuck in the ear, See Subéng. Suwung, of no use. Not able to prevail, or do harm. Empty, void, vacant. Not at home. Not meeting. Swasa or Suwasa, an allay of gold and copper, in much use. Suwasa, C. 757, the Elu form of Suwarchaka, derived from Su, well, Warcha, to shine, and Za affinitive, Gold, Brilliant. TE. Ta, is an inseparable particle of extensive use, often giving a verbal form to monosyllabie idiomatie expressions, but of which the separate meaning has not always been retained, Tabur is an example compounded of Za and Bur, pouring out. Ta-ala, Arabic, most high, exalted, Allah Ta-ala, God the Most High, Ta-ali, Arabic, exalted, most high. Ta-an, what, how? A remonstrative exclamation. Ta-ang to-ong, looking and peeping. To peer. Tabasan or Tabas, to buy up whole sale. Used in Bantam. Tabe, salutation, compliments, greeting. The word of courtesy always used on meeting a person, answering to our „good morning”, „how do you do”, Zwan kirimtabé, my master sends his compliments. Tabéh, in the direction of, towards. Zabéh Mlir, towards the lower part of the river. Pabéh gunung, in the direction of the mountains. Täbëéng, a labu or gourd set in the river, with small holes pierced in it, and baited with bran to catch small fish. Tabëng, come tothe critical point. In a state of commotion. Overpowered by numbers, beat by work. In Bantam at festivals Zabtng is the uproar that takes place wher day dawns, especially when games of Ujungan have been going on all night, when a tumultuous mêle of the combatants takes place, and there is then a sort of scramble for the remnants of the feast. Tabèëuh, to strike a drum or other musical instrument, Zabtuh bêdug, strike the drum. Goong di tabluh, the gong was beat. | Tabir, Arabie, interpretation, meaning, purport, upshot. Kwumaha tabir na, what is the purport of it. Zadir na to ngtunah, the upshot of that is not agreeable. NB. MARSDEN, at page 62, gives Tabir as meaning a curtain, a veil, as Faal zakat men- jadi tabir dalam surga, works of publie charity become a veil (over sins) in heaven: The word Jabir would admit of this meaning in Sunda, though the natives have no idea that it means a veil. They use it then only metaphorically. Tabok, to give a slap in the face. To strike a man's head with your hand. To slap the chops. Tabuka, opened, exposed, uncovered. Tabur and Taburkën, to pour out, to cause to flow out. Bpilled, Dropped out 472 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE as water or any liquid, or small loose material, as grain or sand, In the Javanese and Malay of Batavia they say Jiabur, to pour out. See Bur. Tachan, not yet. Composed of Zo, the short for Manto, not, and Achan, at all = not at all. fachan datang, he is mot yet come, Zachan di béré, I have not yet given it. Zachan asak, not yet ripe. d Tadah, to uphold, to lift up, to intercept from falling. To catch as it falls. fadah, aspect. fadah wétan, with an Hastern aspect. Padah kulon, with a Western aspect. Sawah tadah, rain-sawahs, which do not derive their water from any stream but are dependent on rain, thus dependent on the aspect or season. Sawahs catching the water of irrigation as it falls in rain. Fadi, just now, a short time ago. Zadi gëus lêumpang, he went away just now. Tagal, a plain, open grass-lands. Gras-slands in contra distinction to forest-lands or Liluwtung. Lagal turih, a plain of Eurih-grass. Zagal kaso, a plain of kaso-grass. K?bo mapal di tagal, buffaloes graze on open plains. Zagal is, however, sometimes used to designate any plain where any particular kind of vegetation abounds, even though that consists in jungle trees. Zagal rinyung, Tagal haréno, Tagal haréndong, T'agal awi, the last of these is, a plain of bambus, and the other expressions indicate a plain of their respective woods. But in these cases it by no means follows that the land is flat or even; on the contrary it is often in ravines, Fagal, name of a residency in Central Java, See the following, Tagal-arum, the scented field. Name of the Emperor Mangkurat, who died in A. D. 1677 and was buried near Tagal, at a place where the ground was sweet-scented. Fagëénan, to receive in fight, To await the attack of. To oppose oneself to. Tagënkën, to fix firmly, to fx by putting a stake in the ground to tie some other ob- ject to. To set a stake in the ground not upright but at a slope or angle. Fagi, to demand payment of a debt, to dun. To claim adebt with importunity. Bogah pihutang kudu di tagi, if you have incoming debts you must dun for them. Tah, an exclamation of displeasure, of vexation, or of simple interrogation where we would perhaps use a circumlocution, as: how could you do so? what nonsense is that? Saha tah nu owol, who is it who is not here? Gëde tah, is st large? Fah! sia ma sok kitu, damn you, you are always doing so. Fahan, to support, to endure, to hold out, to bear; to refrain, to forbear. Zo tahan, I cannot endure it, 1 cannot put up with it. I have no longer strength to bear it. Sa-bulan dêui tahan kénéh, it will still hold out fora month. MNapsu kudu di tahan, the passions must be bridled in (refrained). Ari kayjéltma gëring kudu nahau manéh, in the case of sick people vou must hold yourself in (forbear). Tahanan, an anvil, a blaeksmith’s anvil. Yahang, a tub, a cask, a vat, any large receiver. Zahang minyak, an oil-vat, Tahany aula détés, a molasses-receiver. _ Tahéun, to set as a trap. Tahtun buwu, to set this kind of fsh-trap. Zahtun piga- sol, to set this kind of tiger-trap, AND ENGLISH. 4713 Tahëunan, to entrap, to set a trap to catch. Tahëur, to boil, to seeth. Chai na kudu di tahtur, you must boil that water, Tahi, ordure, dung, exerement, sediment, dregs, refuse; rust, dross. Tahi-anjing, dog's ordure, —a term by which great disgust or disbelief is expressed, Tahi-bëusi, iron-rust, Tahi-chëli, ear-wax. Tahi-hayam, fowl's dung. Name of a plant. Tahi-lalar, Ay’s dung, freckles on the face. Tahi-manuk, birds dung. Name of a parasitic plant. Tahi-minyak, oil-cake. The refuse of making oil from the ground-nut or kachang tanëuh. This oil-cake is much used as a valuable manure, especially for sugar-cane. Tahi-tambaga, dung of copper, verdigris. Tahir, Arabie, clean, pure, chaste, holy. Tahlil, Arabie, Praise to God. Praying togetherin numbers and calling upon God. The act of so doing is Dikiran, which see. Tahun, a year, the period of twelve months. Patahunan, yearly cultivation, Zakunan sia pindah ka gunung, the year you removed to the mountains. Ki-takun, name of a large forest-tree with strong, hard, durable wood, probably so called from this circumstance. Tahwangan, impossible! it does not look likely! Tai-hiang, rust on metals. Probably Zui, the short in composition for Taki, ordure, dung, and Hyang, a divinity. From rust coming, by an unaccountable way to a native, upon metals, especially on iron, which gets rusty from mere contact with the atmosphere. Fai-hiangan, covered with rust. Taikan, to ascend, to get up, to climb. Zangkal kalapa di taikan, he climbed up the cocoa-nut-tree, Taikkën, to encrease, to augment. To lift one object upon another. Pajëg na di taik- kén, they have encreased his rent. Marga na gëus di taikkën, the price has been risen, augmented. Éta barang taikkén deui ka na meja, lift up those goods again upon the table. Tail, the 16th part of a kati. A gold weight to which the Sunda people appear to attach no definite quantity, as they weight their gold and silver by Spanish dollars, or bits of lead made of the size and weight of Spanish dollars with subdivisions. Taji, the artificial spur of a game-cock. The ankle joint of a man, or rather the bone which projects at the joint. See St-ih. Tajiis often heard in proper names, as the name of a man. Pangéran Tajt Wangsa occurs asthe nameof a chief. Lawang Tai is the name of a village on the Bolang Estate. Tajin, the scum from the boiling of rice. Water in which rice has been seethed, pre- pared as a kind of weak gruel for sick people: 60 474 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Tajong and Tajonkën, to strike at with the foot. To kick forward. To strike with the forefoot as an animal would do. To kick forwards anything. See Poker, to kiek backwards. Tajug, a pile of fre-wood, cut into even lengths and set up in fathoms for sale or use. Tajur, as di tajuran, to plant a Dukuh. To make a plantation of fruit-trees, See Fatajuran. Takabur, vaunting, speaking large when no reality exists. Bragging. Takbir, a prayer, or the expressions of adoration used on the eve before the Labaran or festival at the termination of the yearly fast. Only applied to praying on this oc- casion. Takër, a measure of capacity, especially of oil, and is 83 bottles, of which 24 takërs go to a picul-weight of oil. To measure over (in some vessel or implement of ca- pacity). Takëran, any vessel to measure with, Assigned limits. So much and no more. Takis, to ward off. To divert any object coming in contact with us. To parry. To push aside. Takokak, the same as Mègat, which see. A very small bitterish Chokrom, of the size of a pea. Takol, to knock, to strike, with something heavy. Takonan, to enquire of, toinvestigate. To subject toenquiry, To examine by enquiry. Unceremoniously taking to task. Takrim, Arabic, honour, respect, reverence. Taksir, to estimate, to rate, to assess. To form an opinion of, to guess. Derived from the Dutch word Zaxveren, to estimate, to assess. ZJaksir is also to levy a rent on paddy or other lands, by merely looking at the standing crop, estimating the same, and fixing such rent. Taksiran, estimation, assessment. Opinion. Zaksiran kula mohal mtunang, in my es-- timation he would not get it, To bogah takstran, [ can form no idea of it. It does not look likely. Taktak, the shoulder. Ka na taktakkën, put it on your shoulder, Takwa, a jacket with sleeves which project beyond the hand. Talaga, a pond of water, a lake. Name of a distriet in Cheribon where such lakes exist. CRAWFURD in his Dissertation, page 42, says the word is the Sanscrit Paraga, a pond, eorrupted. Perhaps derived from J'arawa, C. 229, a duck. Gama, C. 197, going, moving, journeying. A village, Reduced to Taraga, a place where ducks move or stay. Zala, C. 225, a large pond covered with flowers. Any large sheet of water. Jalakaya, C. 225, a tank, a pond. Talaga Bodas, a volcanic mountain in the Prianger Regencies, South East from Su- medang. The crater of this volcano is occupied by a pool or lake of white water, hence falaga Bodas, white lake, fj AND ENGLISH. 475 Talagtag, name of an herb growing in the humahs. Talahab, a roofing made of split bambus, The bambus are cut in lengths and the dia- phragms cleared out. The bambus are then laid and tied on side by side like so. The etymon of this word will be këébir, arabie Great, mighty (as applied to God) many gutters. Over their edges other half bambus are inverted, and thus a water- proof roof is obtained, falak, Arabie, divorce, repudiation. Ewé na gëus di talak, he has divorced his wife; Talakop, the bud leaves which form the apex of a growing bambu. As the bambu grows, one talakop remains adhering to each joint, and as the stick gains age, it drops off. The talakop is covered with a black bubes which causes great itching when rubbed on the skin. The talakops of some bambus are stiff and firm enough to be used in making Dwudukuis or native hats. Talam, a tray, a salver. These trays are usually made of brass, and may have derived the name from Zalama, C. 229, beating time to music; a kind of measured chant which is repeated when beating the tom-tom, and dancing, from some brass tray of this kind having been in use among the Hindus who visited Java. Tak, C. 225, a brazen or metal dish, Zalampata, C. 836, a sort of cymbal peculiar to the Tamuls. Talang, a spout, a gutter for water to pass along. Either a spout under the eaves of a house, or a spout to lead water over a hollow, Zalangs are made either of wood scooped out, or more frequently of the stem of some palm-tree, for which purpose the Kawung is the most serviceable. See Panchuran. Talang is derived from Za and Lèng or Lang, indicating running or flowing as water. Talangan, to take the place of. To serve as a substitute for. A simile derived from Talang, a water-spout, which carries the water over hollows, where it otherwise could not pass. Zalangan is also to set up Talangs. To manage with Zalangs. Talanjang, naked, bare, uncovered. Metaphorically: destitute. Talapak, the sole of the foot, the palm of the hand. The flat of the foot or the hand. Talar, to guess. To relate from memory. To say at random. Talatah, to send instructions, to give orders by means of some one else, not directly. To send for by means of a second person. The instructions given by a man on his death-bed, as to what is to take place after his death, often regarding the division of his property. Talédor, neglecting work, careless, negligent. Not doing what it is our duty to do; Talékték-api, a sort of parsley found growing in the humahs in mountainous situations, Talëmang-jajar, an old name for the country about the Chipamali. Talépa, to spring from one tree or branch to another, A term in climbing. Talété, clear and distinct. Telling a clear story, Zelelé, MARSDREN, page 79, uncovered, naked, exposed, published. Talëus, a nearly bulbous and esculent root, with large broad leaves, much planted in moist and light soil. Itis the Taro of the Pacific Islands, Arum Esculentum, also Colocasia Vera of botany. 476 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Tali, a rope, a cord, a string, a belt. Tali, tally, a way of noting numbers by making a mark for every ten counted. Tali or Sa-tali, a quarter of a guilder, 30 doits. See Tatalén. Tali —= Awi-tali, the spring or rope bambu. The one which is in greatest request for daily use in every way. It derives its name from splitting up readily and forming rope or string. Tali-alas, the continuous ridge of a hill, unerossed by a stream of water. Zal, a rope, austemen nn Alasnmtorestanssee mia, Talian, to tie, to fasten with a rope. Tali ari-arìi, the after-birth. Tali kibën or Kali kibën, a stitch in the side. A pain experienced after eating when immediately jolting on horse-back. Taliktik, to look after, to keep an eye upon. Talim, Arabie, reverence, respect, veneration. An obeisance. Talingkup, name of a plant. Claoxylon Indiceum. Tali pénding, a clasp or belt worn by women round the waist. See Pénding. Tali pitik, the split bambus which are wattled round a Ranchatan to make an Angkul. See Pitik, Taliwang, no one would have thought it. Anything done or occurring contrary to general expectation. Taliwang jéltma lëutik, rossa amat, no one could have thought that so small a man could be so strong. Zaliwang ku sugih na, no one would have thought that he was so rich. Talu, three, one of the forms of the word which is also pronounced Zilu and Zolu, Talugtug, a stake to drive into the ground, Talugtugan, to set like a sharpened stake in the ground. Taluk, Arabie, to submit, to surrender. Di talukkhén, to put down, to cause, to sub- mit. Nagara Jawa taluk ka kumpani, the country of Java submits itself to the com- pany (the Dutch government). Obedient to orders. Submissive. Tal-wang’i, an old name for Brëbës in Tagal. Taman, a black ant which ecrawls on the ground and whose bite is very painful for a few minutes, but soon goes off. Taman, a flower-garden, a pleasure-garden, only heard in old romantie stories, Taman-sari, a flower-garden, pleasure-grounds. Tamat, Arabie, finished, concluded. Finis of a writing. Pagawéan gëus tamat, the work is finished. Kéjo na tamat, the hboiled rice is done, Zamat ngawacha, finished reading. Tamatkén, to finish, to bring to a conclusion, Tambaga, copper, the metal copper. Wang tambaga, copper money. Zamba, C. 222, copper. In Sanscrit Zamra and Zamraka, copper. Tambah, to add to, to augment, to increase, Tambah pangkat, to increase in rank, Tambah luhur, to augment in height, AND ENGLISH. 477 Tambahan, augmentation, increase. In addition. To add to, to increase. Tambai, to call as animals. Anjing na kudu di tambat, the dogs must be called together. Fambak, fish-ponds, a vivarium, Ponds formed along the seas-hore, by running dikes through the muddy places subject to be inundated by the tides. In these Tambaks are kept fish for sale, such as Balanak, Bandëng, a great variety of shrimps etc. Tambakan, an earthen dam. The artificial containing dam of a pond. A dike. Tambako, European, tobacco. More usually short Bako, which see, Tambal, to mend, to patch, to darn. S®rawël na di tambal ku lamak, his trowsers were patched with a rag. Tambalung, name of a piece of bambu tied to the wrists of a man by way of hand- cuffs, to keep the arms and hands distended and useless. Such Pambalungs are tied to people who are carried about the country as arrested and in charge of the police. Called also Bogol. Tambang, a rope, a piece of cord. Tambangan, money paid for crossing a ferry; passage-money by a vessel, freicht. A shore-boat to visit shipping. Tambérang, a back-stay. Any rope holding backwards. Lambi, the large flat buttresses of some old trees worked up for pedaty or cartwheels, consisting of one disk of wood. See Chanir. Lambi, a name given to Mahomedan Moormen. Lambir, something added on the edge so as to enlarge it. Zambir samping, a piece of white cloth added to a samping, soas to enlarge the height of it, Zambir prahu, a piece of wood added to the gunwale of a boat, so as to raise the edge. Tambur, European, a drum. Soldado sa tambur, a company of soldiers, who rally at one drum. Tambusu, the entrails or guts of man or brute. The etymon of this word is Bus, the idiomatie expression for going, going in, or putting in. In Malay, MARsSDFN, page 82, occurs the word Zambus, to pour through, to strain, to pierce, to penetrate, through, — which will give a very intelligible derivation for the Sunda Zumbusu. Taméng, a shield, a buckler. Tamiang, a thin stalked variety of bambu. Bambusa Tabacaria or Tenuis. It makes the best Burangs or bambu spears, and is used for Sumpitans or blow pipes, and from it are made the Zropongs or weaver’s shuttles. Lampa, to receive, to accept, to get. To come into one’s possession. Ulah di tampa nu kitu, don’t accept such as that. Zampa duit sa rupiyah, to receive money to the extent of one guilder. Lampah, the palm of the hands, for which, however, Dampal l&ungan is the more usual expression, To receive on the palm of the hand. Di tampah, to present the palm of the hand to receive anything. To carry on the palm of the hands. Sa tampak, a hand’s breadth, 478 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Tampanan, to receive, to get into one's possession. To lay hold of. To catch or receive anything flung at one. Tampar, a rope, a cord. Lampayan, a large water jar, such as are usually brought from Japan. Tam pëék, measles. Tampi, to fan, to riddle, to winnow. More frequently called Tapt. Tampihan, a bathing place ina river. The place in a river where the people go down to wash, clean their rice and take water. Tampik, to reject, to refuse. Nu goréng kudu di tampik, such as are bad, must be rejected. Manto di tumpik, he did not refuse it. Zo nampik géllma, he did not refuse any man — accepted all who came. Tampikan, what has been refused or rejected. Leavings, refuse. Tampiling, to box the ears. To strike with the hand about the head, Tampingan, to cut straight and clean, said when cutting earth or a bank with a pa- chul or hoe, Said, when working sawahs, the galangans or ridges, where the plough cannot pass, are cut clean and hoeed close up. Tamplok, poured out in a body. Diverted in a mass, as a stream of water. Eukêur cha-ah chai na tamplok ka sawah, whilst the flood prevailed the water was poured out in a mass into the sawahs, Tampok, a method of taking fish by making enclosures in the stream, something in the same way as Afombongan, which see. Tampolan, at intervals, sometimes occurring. As the case may be. Zampolan nana owoh sakali, it sometimes happens that there are none at all. Tampolana, same as foregoing Zampolan nana. Tampolong, a spitting-pot, a spittoon. Any small pot used to catch matter dropping from another vessel, such as are sometimes used under sugar-pots, to catch the molasses, Tamprakkën, to spread out, to lay out in thin layers, To unfold, Tamuh-tamuh, rediculous, useless to attempt it. Utterly useless to try. Tanaga, strength, force, bodily power. Gèus to bogah tanaga, he has got no bodily power; he has lost his strength. Zanaga nu bodo, with small means, literally the strength of those who are stupid. Tanchéëbkën, to stick into any place, so that the object stuck in remains standing upright. Pulugtug di tanchëbkin twrut pagër, the stakes were stuck into the ground along the fence. Tanda, a mark, a sign, a token. Zanda ning hadé, a mark of good will. Tanda-an, to put a mark upon. To make a mark by which it can be known again. To observe. To keep the attention directed towards. Tandak, to dance, especially as the natives do by making postures rather than by dancing as Huropeans. To prance as a horse. Fandawa, C. 226, dancing. The art of dancing. Tandang, to set up work or business on one's own account. To go off upon a jeurney alone, or the like, AND ENGLISH. 479 Tandang, heard as PangAulu tandang,a ringleader, A great man whom it is difficult to approach. Tandéan, to receive into one's hands, to cah: To gather up into any receptacle, as into a basket or the like. To await the attack (of an enemy, or wild beast). Tandés, cut through, broken through. Tanding, to setside by side. Alongside of eachother. To compare. See Nyand ing. Ari ditandingkèn wat to sarva, and when put side by side, they proved not to be alike. Tando, name of an animal, Pteromys Genibarbis. It is found among the mountains. Its four legs, head and tail are all united by a film of skin, which the animal can extend at pleasure, and thereby effect a sort of flight from one tree to another. It hangs back-downwards from the branches at rest by means of its sharp claws. Tandon, to keep a shop; to be a dealer. Tandu, a variety of palinguin. A bambu cage in which to travel, carried on men's shoulders, A chair with bambus lashed to it, in which a person can be carried, Di tandu, to be carried in such a contrivance on men’s shoulders, Tanduk, a horn. Panduk këêbo, a buffaloe's horn. Panduk unchal, deer’s horas. Di tanduk kèbo, he was struck by a buffaloe with its horn, Fandukan, to butt or gore with the horn. Tandur, to transplant paddy. To plant it out in the sawahs when it has grown about 40 or 50 days in the Pabinihan. This is done by sticking in four or six little plants together in each spot in the soft mud, the working person moving backwards as he plants, so as not to paddle amongst it. Tanduran, name of a chief of Pajajaran who founded Majapahit; usually called Zeaden Tanduran. RAFFLES, 2 vol, page 98, Tanëmkën, to set fast in the ground, To bury in the ground. See Nanëm. Fanëuh, earth, soil, mould. Country, region, land. An estate, landed property. The ground. Fundamental colour in a pattern. Zanèuh Sunda, the Sunda country. Za- niuh Jawa, the Jawa country. Fanuh Bantan, the Bantam country. Zunluh sa- brang, foreign countries. Juan tantuh, a landholder or landlord; the name given to the owners of private estates, Kachang tan?uh, the earth-bean, the ground-nut, Arachis Hypogea. Kain chita konéng, tantuh na blurlum, a piece of chintz with yellow pattern on a red ground. Za, C. 216, the earth. Zhana, C. 217, place, situation; stay or continuance, Tang'éh, still far from accomplishment. A good while, a considerable interval. Zang'éh hènéh ka téng'ang’ni, it still wants a good while till noon. Zang'éh kénéh bai datang ka Bogor, it is still a considerable distance before you can arrive at Buitenzorg. Tangërang, name of a large native town of considerable trade, on the Chisidani, 15 pauls south-west from Batavia. Tangga, heard only as applied to a house. JZmah tangga, a properly built and perma- ment house. The word is properly Malay and means steps or 3 ladder, which in 480 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Sunda are called Zarajé, which word is also used when speaking especially of the steps of a house. See Tatangga. Tanggah, looking upwards, With the countenance turned upwards. Tanggai, having long nails. Such long nails are sometimes kept to show that the owner has not to gain his livelyhood by manual labour. Called in Malay Changgai. fanggal, date. A denomination for a day of the month or moon. Zanggal sapuluh bulan Haji, on the 10 day of the month Haji. Pananggalan, the first day of the moon. Bulan gëus tanggal, the moon has commenced a new lunation, Tanggaluk, sitting curved up in a heap. Zanggaluk bai diytuk di ambén, he was sit- ting cowered in a heap on the stage before his door. Tanggap, to look at, to watch. Not to interfere with. To have in view, to cause any exhibition to be made before you for amusement. Panggap ronggéng, to watch rong- géngs (for amusement). Zanggap go-ong, to have an exhibition of gongs (playing). Di tanggap bai, he merely looked on and did not interfere. Mohal hadédi tanggap bai, it will never do to look quietly on. Fanggël, it is out of the question. How can I do it? Having a strong aversion to do anything. Zanggël amat lamun aing kudu nyambut nu kitu, if it was me, I should have a most decided aversion to do the like. Maik ka dinyo ma tanggël, as to get- ting up there, it is out of the question. Di titah ngojai, tanggël, he orders me to swim over, but how can I do it. Tanggëu-ëéuk, name of a variety of wild chestnut-tree, the fruit of which resembles Kalimborot, but purges more violently. Tanggëu-éuk, cowering down on the hams to pass a stool. Fanggëéuhkén, to set up on its end. To elevate against anything perpendicular. Zú- rajé di tanggtuhktn ka na kalapa, the ladder was set up against a cocoa-nut-tree. Tangginas, quick, active, smart, Tanggoli, name of a wood, the bark of which is used for tanning leather. Tangguh, and Tangguhan, boldandstrong. A picked man, stronger or larger than other people. Tanggul, to put some obstruction in a water-course, so as to raise the surface of the water, and enable it to run out at a higher level. Tangguli, name of a tree, Cassia Fistula. Fanggulung, name of a wood with close fine grain and of reddish colour, fit for turnery or mill-work. Found in lowlands. Tanggung, to carry by means of a stick laid a eross the shoulder, with the weight attached to each end. To be security for another person. Literally to take him on your shoulders. To bear, to support. Tanggungan, what is carried on the shoulder. Burthen. Weight carried. Undertaking, engagement. Ball, Security. Tangguwuk, squatting on the hams to ease oneself. Squatting down and frequently having occasion to pass a stool, AND ENGLISH. 481 Tanghi, to get up, to start up. A refined expression. Tang'iri, mackerel fish; caught in the sea, and being salted is much carried inland, Cigbium Konam. Tangkal, a tree, the thick boll of a tree. Figuratively, capital, original investment, and continuing the figure of speech, interest is called Bung'a, which see, Zangkal jati, a teak-tree. Fangkal kalapa, a cocoa-nut-tree. It also means the place of production; the place where any goods are to be had at first hand. In Malay occurs Pangkal, MARSDEN, page 224, the lower butt-end, the stock. The beginning. Tangkalak, the tallow-tree, Luitscea Sebifera, Tangkap, to catch, to arrest, to detain, to lay hold of. Jélêma na gëus di tangkap , the man has been arrested. Lamun maling mohal to di tangkap, if you steal it is pretty certain that you will be caught. Tangkar, the ribs, especially the ribs of an animal slaughtered for eating. Tangkarakkën, to lay, or put down anything on its back with legs and belly up. Tangkélé, name of a tree which has often mottled wood, black and white, much sought after for kris-sheaths, etc. Kleinhovia Hospita. Tangkëup, to catch, tolay hold of, to arrest. To embrace. Sa tangktup, an embrace; as much as can be held, between both arms. An armfull,. Zangkal na gëdé amat, dua dua tangklup, the trees are very large, as much as two men can clasp round. Tangkil, name of a tree. Gnetum Gnemon. Tangkuban, turned or inverted over something else. Incumbent, Tangkuban Prahu, the inverted boat, name of a volcanic mountain near Bandong on the border of Krawang. It is 6236 Rhineland feet high, and contains a double crater at the top. It has obtained its name from its resemblance to a boat turned bot- tom up, as seen from positions in the Preanger Regencies. There is an old legend which says that it is the remainder of a boat which was being constructed to sail about an immense lake which occupied the present plain of Bandong, formed by damming up the Chitarum at the Sengyang Tikoro. The tree to make this boat was felled on Bukit Tunggul, or stump hill, and the branches are represented by Gunung Burangrang, lying at either extremity of the Tangkuban Prahu. The dam in the Chitarum and the boat to sail on the lake were to be all completed in one night and ready before day-break. This feat was about to be accomplished, and great results obtained, when the disconcerted adversary fell upon the following device, On the water of the lake which was rising behind the dam of the Sengyang Tikoro, he strewed the shining white leaves of the Wurungan and at same time causing the women to beat the rice- bloeks, induced the belief that day had dawned, when the dam was abandoned in dis- pair, just before it was completed, and the Chitarum soon afterwards burst itself a way again into the Lowlands. The saga of the land points out the rude features of the country in confirmation of this story. The work was abandoned in dispair, but the rude remnants still remain to attest to the mountaineer the truth of the origin of the tale. 61 482 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Tangkubkën, to turn topsy-turvy. To invert. Prahu na kudu di tangkubkèn, that boat must be turned bottom up. Tangkur, an animal found in the sea, especially about the West-end of Java, as about Charing'in. It has a head something like that of a horse, and hence is also called Tangkur kuda; its tail is pointed and generally found turned up in dry specimens, This fish is often found kept dried, and in the possession of the natives in the interior , as it is supposed to have the power to give manly force, for which purpose it is placed for a short time in water which is then drunk. It has been described by Dr. Bleeker as the Hippocampus Kuda. Tangkur gunung, a plant growing among the mountains. It has a bulbous or fleshy root, to which the same properties are ascribed by the natives, as to the Tangkur kuda. Tangkurak, the head, the skull. A term of disparagement. Zangkurak sia, you numb- skull! as we should say. It is a common epithet of reproach. Tang-oéh, a lamp-stand. Often a bit of bambu stuck in a foot-piece, and bearing a cup of oil with a wick in it. Tangsël, to tie something to another; to add to by tying something on in addition. To add a small quantity of anything, in any way, by fixing them together, it need not be always by tying; it is often done by sticking in between or inserting. Paré sia u- lah di tangsël, don’t increase your paddy by tying to it, That is: do not increase the weight by tying a small quantity on to the other straws in addition, but open out the regular tie and put it up properly all together. Batu iyo araranggang, kudu di tangstlan, these stones (in a wall or flooring) are too far apart, you must put some- thing between them (other small stones). Tangsi, barracks, dwellings for soldiers, cantonments. Tangsuhunan, the same as Sungsuhunan, the ridge-pole of a house. Fangtang, to challenge, to provoke to fight, to defy, to call out, Afusuh di tangtang, or Nangtangan musuh, to challenge the enemy. FTangtang angin, the challenger of the wind,—rice boiled to a soft eonsistence, and then tied up in bambu leaves to carry on a journey. Fangtu, certain, assuredly, without doubt. Lamun sia maling tangtu di rangkét, if you steal you are sure to be flogged. Jangtu lwluhur, certain signs or vestiges often found on mountain tops, supposed to have been placed there by the ancestors of the present people, Tangtung, same as Nangtung, upright, on end, which occurs more frequently. Tangtungkèn, to set up on end. To elevate. To put in any upright position. Tang’ wang'an, out of the question. Don’t think of it. Don’t suppose so. Tani, hard working, indefatigable, laborious, fant amat ka na pagdwéan, he is very indefatigable at his work. J&léma tant, a man who is always at work. Zaut, C. 220, alone, single, individual. The Sunda word may be this Jant, from a man who lJabours hard is often left to himself, alone, and the Sunda word will thus be con- structively, alone, AND ENGLISH. 433 Tanjag, airs, assumed importance. Tanjakan, an ascent, a hill on a road. A place to be gone up. See Nanjak. Tanjéuk, to assist another in difficult matters, which have to be arranged by talking; to act as the advocate of another. Bogah pitjara di tanjtuk ku panghulu, having a question to be settled, the priest acted as his advocate. Tanjëurkën, to erect, to set up. To set up the materials of a building, or the like. Tanjung, a point of land, a headland, a promontory. A cape. Tanjung, a tree bearing a white flower. Mimusops Elengi. Tantu, certain, sure; fixed, settled. Certainly. Tanya, to ask, enquire, to interrogate, to question. Aridi tanya kudu nembalan, when a question is put you must answer. Tapa, penance, seclusion, religious retirement, This word is in very frequent use when speaking of the wonderful feats of the men of former days, before the introduction of Mahomedanism, at it isa Hindu institution. Tapa with the Sundanese implies total abstinence from food or worldly pleasures. Zupa, C. 221, austerity, self-denial, penance, Subduing the passions, See Puasa. Tapai, a preparation of boiled këtan rice, in which Ragi has been mixed and set to ferment for a couple of days. Japai is given as a treat at all native entertainments, Tapak, a mark, a trace, the impression of anything. A foot-mark. Zuapak maung, the mark of a tiger's paw. Tapak kèbo, the mark of a buffaloe's foot. Tapak-jalak, a eross, thus X, cut on a tree. See Jalak, Tapak-lëung'an, the mark of the hand, a signature. Sign-manual. Tapak-liman, name of a small plant growing by the road-sides, sometimes used medicin- ally. Literally: the Elephant's foot- mark. Tapak-suku, impression of the sole of the foot. Tapak-tuwër, down on the ground, with both knees touching it. Tapël, to affix, to plaster on, To make to adhere. Tapi, if, but, yet, however. Tapi ulah di béré hlulah-an, but don't give any in the first instance. Tapi, to sift, to riddle, to winnow. In maly Zampi, MARSDEN, p. 85. Tapos, name of a tree, Hlateriospermum Tapos. Tapsir, Arabic, the koran interlined with a translation or paraphrase. Elucidation, explanation, interpretation. Tapuk, gathered in a heap. Napuk di tantuh, collected in a heap on the ground. Tara, even, flat, level, without slope, or with very little slope. Matèup éta tara téuyn, those ataps (that thatch) are too flat, have not enough slope in the roof, and consequently leak. Zdra, C. 223, a raft, a float (and consequently lying flat, and hence pro- bably the sense in which our Sundas use it). Tarajang, to attack, to set upon, to be overpowered by, overwhelmed; to come upon any person or thing; to happen to. Di taragang ku musuh, attacked by the enemy. 484 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Sawah katarajang cha-ah, the sawah was overwhelmed by a flood. Tarajang ka kula, mohal bisa, if such should occur to me, I should not be able (to do it). Tarajé, steps, a ladder. The steps or ladder of a house. Taram, and taraman, to commence, to make a beginning. Gèus taram, he has made a commencement. Pagawéan gërrah dì taraman, look sharp and begin the work, Arambha, C. 64, beginning, commencement. Param-tiram, to make a beginning. To make efforts to begin. Tarang, the forehead. Tarap-tarap, some getting, others not getting. Partial success. Tarapti, completed. All arrangements satisfactorily made, Tarasan, using for the first time. Making a first trial with, as clothes, a horse, a wife or any other thing. Tarasan, felling primeval forest for the purpose of making a humah. A humah made from such primeval forest. Taratas, to cut a small path or opening through a forest, either for the sake of merely opening a way, or of marking some boundary. This sounds like a plural of Tautas, by the insertion of ra in the word. Yet Zutas is not a Sunda word, but in Malay means to break forth, burst through, break open. MARSDEN, page 69. Taraté, name of a plant, with very broad leaves, growing in water, on which the leaves repose. Nelumbium Speciosum, the Lotus-plant. Called Nelum in Ceylon. Crouen, 839. MARSDEN says Zarati, the Lotus, is Japanese. Tarawas, to hold an inspection before commencing operations. To visit the jungle for the purpose of selecting a proper place to make a humah, mark the trees and cut away a little grass by way of taking possession. Tarawé, to collect in the mosque, at nighttime, during the Pwuasa, or month of fasting, and hold prayers. Tarigo, wheat. CroueH, vol. 1, page 618. Zariga, Portuguese, wheat. Tarik, to drag, to haul along, to pull, to draw. To transport goods in carts. To veer or draw round as the wind. To hoist a sail or flag. Jukang tarik, cartmen, men employed with buffaloes or carts making any transports. farik layar, to make sail, hoist the sail. Tarik bandéra, to hoist the flag. Ang'in na tarik ka kulon, the wind is drawing round towards the west. Tarik, a rapid in a river; the quick flow of water. Flowing rapidly. Tarik-kolot, the place where a village or house has formerly stood, but now abandoned. A deserted homestead. Name of a variety of weed. Quere? Zamik, Arabic, way, path; order; rite. Tarima, to receive, to accept, to get possession of, To acknowledge, to confess, to own to; to submit oneself to. Tarimbang, said of persons crouched in a row. Derived from Pimbang, to weigh, as persons so seated act as a counterpoise to others. | AND ENGLISH. 485 Tariti, name of a forest-tree. Tarietia Javanica. Tarka or tërka. Divination. To accuse a man from feeling convinced that he has done some wrong, but not having the means of proof. To suspect and charge with. Tarkaka, C. 224, logic, the science of disputation, reasoning; argumentation. Tarok, to give a blow on the head, to knock on the head of man or beast. Also to give a blow to a cocoa-nut, soasto split it, which must be witha cutting instrument. Taroktok, to make a rattling sound by knocking two pieces of split bambu against each other, as done ig some devices for frightening away wild pigs or birds, ete, from grow- ing crops. The apparatus for making the above noise. Tartib, to make arrangements so that a thing may be done well and without accident. Fo work with judgement. Tartil, to speak clearly and explicitly. To give orders clearly, so that no mistake can be made. To tell a story from beginning to end very clearly. Faruhan, wager, stake at gambling. Tarum, the same as Tarung, to meet and fall upon; to attack at once. Ss Farum, the indigo-plant, Indigofera Tinctoria, Planted from seed. Chitarum, Indigo- river, name of a large river falling into the sea at Krawang Point. Tarum-arëui, the liane-indigo, much used by the mountaineers of Sunda. Marsdenia Parviflora. Tarum-këmbang, a variety of indigo planted from cuttings, literally the flower-indigo, Indigofera Anil, Farumpah, a sandal or sole of any matter, often made of bark, ora bit of hide, worn under the sole of the foot, and tied with strings round the instep and ankle. Taruna, a young man, a youth. More generally used as a proper name. Zaruna, C. 223, young, youthful, juvenile, —a young man, a youth. Tarung, to set upon; to attack without any palaver. To overtake an enemy and at once attack him. Tasbé, Arabie, arosiary carried by pious Mahomedans, on which they count their prayers, after the fashion of Roman Catholics. Fasbé, a scitameneous plant which red flower and round black seeds, from which were probably made the rosiaries, though the seeds are rather too small for the purpose. lt is the Canna Indica. Tasik, this word only occurs, as faras I can learn, in one solitary instance in the Sunda language, and that is to form a proper name; vig in the Preanger Regencies, on the banks of the Chitandui, and south of the mountain TLalaga Bodas, occurs Zasik Ma- laya, and thus inland and at a considerable distance from the sea. Tast and Zasik, in many languages of the Archipelago, and throughout the Pacific, mean the Sea, and even in Javanese the word Zasif is found meaning a lake, the sea. The Ju may be the very common Polynesian negative, No, not, called in Sunda Zo, Sik or Sika may be the Singhalese Sikha, C. 781, point, top in general; a crest. Thus 486 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE some thing without top, point or crest; the boundless ocean. Or it may be the same Ta negative, and Si of Sima, C. 741, boundary, limit, bank, shore. The Ma being constructive. See Sisi, Thus again something „without limit or bank,” The Sunda people have, however, adhered to the word Laut for sea, which see, and which is also of Sanscrit origin, though the name of so common an object. Zasik would appear also to be Malay. MARSDEN, page 64, gives: „Tasek, a sea, inland sea or great lake; a large piece of water.” CRAWFURD, at page 184, gives: ,, Zasih, the sea, the ocean; a great lake or inland sea”. Kd Tasma, Persian chasmah, spectacles, glasses for the eyes. Tata, manners, address, conduct in company. Due respect to superiors. Perhaps from Tatha, C. 219, so, thus, in hike manner. Zo nyaho di tata, he does not know how to conduct himself. He is ill-mannered. Tataban, planks for putting round a corpse in the grave. Fatabéan, making compliments. Offering the greeting called Zabé. Tatabëuhan, musical instruments which are struck as gongs, drums and the like. Latag, to hack and score the bark of a tree in order that the gummy matter may flow out. Tatah, a chisel, a carpenter’s tool. Di tatah, or tatuhan, tochisel, tocut with a chisel. To enchase. To cut ornaments on precious metals. Tatajuran, plantations. Fruit-trees planted expressly by man. Tatal, a chip of wood. Anything chipped off. Tatalén, a quarter of a guilder or 25 doits. Also the silver coin which is f 4, and thus has a value of 30 doits or more. Tatalén is a word derived from Zaki, a rope, by duplicating the first syllable and adding ax, which following the vowel # becomes én. The word occurring in this shape in Sunda confirms CRAWEURD's note to Tali, who after stating that in Malay it means 4 of a Spanish dollar, says: — „It is proba= ble that Tali is derived from Zal, a rope, and has reference to the practice of filing a certain number of small coins on a string, which, judging by the hole in the centre of all ancient Javanese coins, appears to have prevailed in the Archipelago as well as in China.” Tataman, small black ants, somewhat smaller than the true Zaman. It bites very fiercely when trod amongst, but the pain soon goes off. Tatangga, neighbour, neighbouring. People whose steps to their houses, Tangga, are near our own steps. All the houses of the natives are reached by mounting steps. Tangga for steps is Malay, not Sunda. The Sunda people call the steps and landing place before a house door Jodog, and the steps or ladder of this Jodog are called Tarajé. The etymon of Tatangga is therefore borrowed, or has become obsolete. The word is still retained in the compound form of Zmah tangga. See Tangga. Tatanggalan, the first 15 days of the moon are so called, but cease with full moon. Tatarub, a hut. A temporary shed, when out in the forest, made to pass the night in. Tataruhan, to wager, to stake, to bet. To put down a stake. Tatu, to tattoo. ‘To mark the body by pricking and rubbing in some black colouring matter, AND ENGLISH. 487 Tatumpéëngan, the rice pile. Like a pile of rice when steamed, as it comes from the hastupan. This is the name of a shellfish in the sea. A variety of Patella. Tau, to bale out water; to throw water out of any place with a bucket or other contriv- ance for hfting it out. Tauwan, to bale water out of a hole. To bale out water. Tauwëran, the droppings of rain from the eaves of a house, Tawa, to mutter a prayer or invocation over a pot or bambu of water or over a few söuréuh-leaves, which thereby obtain supernatural virtue for curing disease. See Tawé, The word Tawa may perhaps be the sameasthe Singhalese T'awa, C. 225, an ascetie, or the state of an ascetic or Tapasaya. In many words the w is substi- tuded for p, according toa rule of Eloo grammar; see Clough—, page 226, voce Tawas. Tawar, to bid money, to treat for. To make an offer to buy. Tawar, to apply medicine accompanied with a charm or incantation; hence Panawar, a remedy, which see. The process of applying charms. Tawar, tasteless, insipid; wanting ingredients which give flavour. Defective in savour or taste. Fresh, not salt. Chai na tawar, pure, simple river or spring water, as contradistinguished from sea- or salt water. Mndog tawar, a fresh egg,— not salted, Tawas, alum, Tawas, shape, appearance, form. Fawé, cured by water, or séurëuh-leaves prepared with Jawa, which see. The evil gone, This word is not heard in every-day parlance, but occurs in some Jampés. Tawé, dry sturtuh-lime, which has lost its moisture. Tawu, master of a feast; master of the house: -the host. Fawur, and Tawuran, to pay for. To redeem. To obtain some advantage by making a payment. To pay for another. Kwumaha anak to dî tawuran, how can l not pay for my child! Bogah hutang kudu di tawuran, if you have debt, you must redeem it. Giliran gawé kudu dì tawuran, you must pay for your turn to work. Tayëuh, to all appearance; apparently; likely; if we may guess. Taytuh na bat mohal méunang, apparently he will not get it. Zo nayëuh, it does not look likely. Zayduh hadé, to all appearance it is good. Fé, a particle of interjection, expressive of something not being right, or answering ex- peetation, Téa, a demonstrative word implying: that which, that particular one. It is also used to express a feeling of disappointment, when a person neglects, or will not fulfl some arrangement, and may in that sense be translated provokingly. Nu panjangtéa, that one which is long. M&unang nu hadé téa, I have got that particular one which is good. Mlandor téa to datk datang, the mandor provokingly would not come. Zwan tea to daik méré, the gentleman provokingly would not give any. Téang, to look for, to go in search of, To call. To fetch. To go and investigate. To go and examine. Ktbo owol, kudu dö teang, the buffaloes have goneaway, they 488 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE must be looked after. Mandor na kudu di téang, the mandor must be fetched. Hu- mah na rusak ku bödul, kudu di téang, his humah is spoiled by the pigs, and must be examined. Di téang ku bedil, to go after with a gun. Tébal, to begin, to commence, to make a beginning. To take any work in hand. See also N&bal. GE Tëbar, to sow seeds broadcast. To scatter seed over land prepared for that purpose, as a tipar (not a humah, where planting is called Negasëuk). To sow sawah-paddy as seed in the Pabinihan, to be subsequently transplanted. Tébéng, a method of taking small fish or minnows. A calabash pierced with small holes and baited with bran is set fast in the water among a lot of stones. Small fish, es- pecially jëlér, find their way into the calabash for the sake of the bran and are then caught and removed through a valve at the top. Téblok, to cut at resolutely. To cut with a willand at random, To eut with pachul, rimbas or axe, either the ground or a piece of wood,so that large pieces come away at each stroke, See Blok. Tébok, to patch as wood-work. To put a small piece of wood so as to fill up a hole and make all smooth. Tébus, to redeem, to ransom, To take out of pawn. Sawah nagëusdi tëbusan, he has redeemed his sawahs. Tëdah, to entreat, to ask as a favour. To ask reverently. Zo miunang di tédah, you can’t get it by entreaty. Tédak, appearance, shape, form, fashion. Pèdak anydr, a new fashion, Fëgar, hard, bad to cut. Tough, Tégëp, sure-hold, firm hold. Firm, sound, strong, stout. Tégër, said of a person who conducts himself properly, or according to our wish. Well- behaved: trust-worthy… Tégër,a piece of wood or bambu tied horizontally against a bambu pagër to keep it firm in its place. A small stick or a bambu placed horizontally in a bambu building to prevent some part from collapsing. A small bambu beam. The same as Pang- parang. Tégës, rightly, truly, properly. Eùn siji nu tUgls hadé, there is only one which is re- ally good. Jyo tÌg's panjang, this is rightly long. Tëgor, to strike, to thwack, to thump. T'éh, Chinese of Canton, tea. Téh-kwan, Chinese, a tea-pot. Téja, the rainbow when seen in the West. Any supernatural or unusual brillianey in the skies. Zéja, C. 243, splendour, enlightening, effulgence. Teéka, it now turns out; the upshot is. Tëka sia aytunah to daikkën, and it now turns out that you are unwilling. Pékha burung, and it now turnsout that you are a worthless fellow. AND ENGLISH, 489 Pékad, faith, acknowledgment. Téka-téka, the diamond beetle. A very handsome variety of beetle, called also Sam- bér-ilén. Téké, a small quantity of prepared opium mixed with tobacco or other leaves shred fine, and ready for putting into the pipe to smoke, Enough of prepared opium for one smoke, Pékébur, Arabic, arrogant, proud, haughty. Tek&dir, Arabie, fate, inevitable decree, predestination. The divine will. Tékho, Chinese, a chinese agriculturist. A Chinaman who cultivates the ground. Tëki, name of a grass which springs up very pertinaceously after being cut away, should a particle of root remain in the ground. Tékték, to cut moderately without any greatexertion. To chop. Euktur nèktékan suluh, ke was in the act of chopping fire-wood. JZyo awi tëkiëk lodah dyo, cut this bambu through hereabouts. Tékték, a stick, a stem, a pole; a piece of some vegetable matter; something that has great length in proportion to thickness. Any object which has been cut or is ft for cutting. Awt tilw tÈktëk, three lengths of bambu, three sticks of bambu. Chagak sa tËkték, one stem of wood with afork toit. Tiwu sa tÜktÜk, a length of sugar-cane. Eùnaya tilu tEkték, there are only three lengths. Fékték, séurèuh leaves neatly folded up into a size fit for sticking into the mouth, all ready prepared with the necessary lime and gambir. Such quids are carried about in the S&lépa. Têekuk, bent down roughly; bent in creases. To fold. Sinking together, as a man una- ble to stand, An injury sustained at ajoint, as the ankle or the wrist by giving way from weakness. Téla, a variety of bambu which yields the best tasted Zwung or bambu sprouts, but is not ft for any other use. Félam, another way of pronouncing Talam, a salver, a tray. Lëlang, name of a beautiful dark blue flower of pea-flower shape, growing upon liane. Clitoria Tinctoria. Télèb, Arabic, to ask, to demand, to petition, to pray for. To seek. Teélëb, to compress; to press upon so as to make solid, or more united. Tëlëb, heavy, weigthy. A great weight in a small compass. Tëléktékapi, a kind of parsley planted in the humahs. Tèlëkung, a handkerchief worn onthehead,—in the way peculiar to Malays and other inhabitants of the Asiatic Archipelago. Kung in Malay, Marsden, page 274, is the rainbow. The word Kung implies in a circle, in a fillet, and the tie is often put on in a round fillet with the crown of the head bare, See Ikat, Kungkung, and Kungkuwung. Originally this article of apparel may have been a bit of bark of the Artocarpus, or Déwrlup, twisted round the head to keep the hair bound together. 62 490 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Crawfurd, in his Dissertation to his Malay Dictionary, at page 49, says, that Bar- bosa describes the Javanese as trading at Malacca in the beginning of the 15® cen- tury, before the Portuguese conquest. They had, he says, no clothing form the waist upwards, and no covering to the head, but dressed their hair in a peculiar fashion. Télik, to look at attentively or wistfully. To gaze, to espy, to watch. Tél-tél, expressive of laying hold of branches, and swinging form one to another, as the monkeys do in the forest. Téluh, magie. Poisoned by the artifices of incantation. Whenever a person gets unac- countably ill, anything out of the common, they say: Gèus di téluh dêungan, he has been magically poisoned by some one not of his family. 'éluk, a bend in a river. A bay or bendintheecoast. Aninlet. Etymon, Luk, which see. Péluk Bètung, the Liaampung Bay in the straits of Anjir. Télur, the testicles, Témbak, to shoot with a gun. To fre at, to aim at. The acceptation of fring at must be modern, since the knowledge of fire-arms, but might have applied formerly to shooting with bows and arrows. The m in this and some following words, seems of same force as the Um used with words beginning with Pum, and Z'émbak may thus be derived from Péwak, to seize, to catch, tolay hold of, and fémbak may thus be: to shoot at with a view of seizing. The w being changed into b after the m for the sake of euphony. Témbangan, the air of a song, the tune. Measure of Intonation. 3, Tëmbëék, to dam up the course of a stream of water, so as to form a pond or lake. See Tambakan. To stop the course of water, Te&mbing, steep, precipitous, with an acclivity. Probably derived from Mawing, per- pendicular, in same manner as Zémbak from Tewak. Témbok, a wall. A wall of brick or stone and imortar. Seems to have a parity of origin with Pèmbék, todam up. In Malay, Marsden, 82, Timbuk, an embankment, dyke, rampart. A wall. Témbong, visible, in sight, perceived, To see. Po-ék, to tembong, it is dark and I cannot see. Témbong ti luhur kayu, sighted from the top of a tree. Témbongkën, to cause to see. To make visible. Ulah di témbongkên, do not let it be seen. T&mboro, name of a mountain in Sumbawa, from which proceeded, in 1815, the oreatest volcanie eruption on record, Téëmëgong, the same as Tumagung or Tumunggung. Tëéëmëén, in earnest. To mean it. Intentional. F&mèn di gawé, to work in earnest, Témèn sia daik ngab®dah, do you mean it that you will open out new sawahs, Lain tëmën, it was not intentional. Témènan, to work in earnest. To press eagerly for some accomplishment. To bring a man to his bearings. To take up in earnest, AND ENGLISH. 491 Témpang, heavy at one end, as in carrying anything on a Pananggung. Weight not evenly distributed or adjusted. Témpangan, to trim a boat by removing part of the goods or passengers to prevent it remaining lop-sided, and bring it on an even keel, To make a counterpoise, to counterbalance. | F&mpas, struck or hit without intention. Témpél, to cause to adhere. To plaster or stick on. To fix on with paste, gum, glue or the like, Adjoining. Daluang dua lambar ari di témpél jadi siji, two sheets of paper, when plastered together, become one. Surat na gèus di témpél di pasar, the writing has been stuck up in the market, Témpélan, any small space, thing or bit added to something larger, and in this sense is often applied to a bit of Chégér or Mumah when made in addition to a sawah. Témpo, Portuguese, In Malay it means — „in the time of” — during” —for which Alam is used in Sunda, whereas they apply to Témpo the meaning of: the time has come, the emergency is upon us, alls up. In which sense they also use the deri- vative word Zarémpo, which see. Jélma éta glus tmpo, that man’s time is come, it's all up with him, Témpong, to shove off a boat with a pole or boat-hook. To use a poleto keep a boat from running against anything. Témpuh, to attack, to fall upon, to set upon. Musuh di t&mpuh Cuktur njabrang, the enemy were attacked whilst crossing the river, Lémpuhkën, to lay to the charge of. To accuse. To bring to account of. To hold liable. To cause to pay or make good any injury. Kébo lZungit di tÌmpulkèn ka orang jaga, the buffaloes were lost and the watchman was made to pay for them. Tému, a variety of scitameneous plants, useful in a variety of ways, either economically or medicinally. More usually called Konéng, which see. Tému kunchi, a plant like Chikur. Ténang, a small variety of Chokrom, which creeps along the ground and has a very small fruit. Tënang, or Pasang ténang, the water-course which in Bantam leads out of the Danu or Lake, to thesea between Anjir and Chiringin. Ténang, Marsden, 87, still, stagnant, smooth, calm;— as itis little above thesea, perhaps when the tide rises, the water in this course becomes stagnant. Bendas, the head, the head of any object, —said rather disparagingly. 1èndas na tah sia, you blockhead, you perverse chap. Ténépi, an abbreviation of To népt, not long enough, not reaching across. Insuffcient. See Népi, and Tëpi. Téng'ah, half; the middle. Sa téng'ah, one half. Téng'ah modar, halfdead. De teng'ak chai, in the middle of the river. Di teng'ah-téng'ah, in the very middle, in the midst. Téng'áh jalan, midway, half-way, 499 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Téng'ah pëuting, midnight. Téng’ah poi, mid-day, noon. Teng’ahan, towards the middle. Do it at the middle. Téng'ahkën, to divide in two equal parts. Téng'ang'ni, noon, mid-day. Zéng'áh, middle. Ang'ni is apparently the day , but is not Sun- da. Clough, page 216, gives Gnant,a wise or learned man, asage, but particularly one skilled in astronomy and the powers of the planetary system over the affairs and destiny of man. An astrologer. And thus Péng’dh-gnani or Téng'ang’ni, would be the astronomer’s, or rather astrologer’s middle (of day). Téne'éng, speaking with a harsh, shrill voice. A peculiarity in the voice of some men, which makes them speak as if squeaking. Téng’ér, a mark or sign placed upon anything, by which to recognize it again. Téng'ëran, to put a mark on anything, by which it may be known again. Ténggék, to gaze, to keep looking at. Ténggék eha-ah,the flood-gazer,-name of a small tree growing by riversides. Nauclea Orientalis. Téngesoëlkën, to hit, to strike. Di tEnggëlkén ka téengáh imah, he directed the stroke to the middle of the house. Di #&nggëlkèn ka na kakiping pedati, he made it hit the pedaty-wheel. Ténggor, to strike without intention. Inadvertently hit. Téng'i, rancid, rank, ill-flavoured, —as rancid butter. Téngkas, to kick lightly with the hind foot, Téng'os, to cut the end of bambu or wood with a slope. Téngténg, to carry under the arm, with the hand down towards the thigh. To carry by placing between the body and the arm, To carry as atiger would do, partly held up with one paw. Téngténg, a kind of cake made of këtan rice, which is whole and not ground down to flour. Itis mixed with a little Java sugar and packed in small square bloeks, in a wrapper of plantain-leaves which have been dried. Ténjo, to look from afar, to disery. To survey from a distance. To have a distant prospect. Ténjo, name of a forest-tree, which gives a gum like Gum Copal. This gum is used instead of Benjamin, when propitiating the Guriangs or mountain-spirits. Ténong, a round basket made of split bambu, generally 5 or 6 inches thick, and flat both below and above, and from about half a foot to a foot in diameter. These baskets are generally painted red and black, and are used by women for holding sew- ing materials. Tép, the idiomatic expression of the sensation of pain, as of being bit by some small in- sect, or cut slightly by a knife. Tép bai ku tataman, he felt the bite of a tataman- ant; and the tataman-ants began to bite him. Ari ngarasa tép tëultui gëgëro-an baï, as soon as he felt the knife, he immediately set a bellowing. AND ENGLISH. 493 Tépa, and Tépakën, infected. To convey a disease to another person by coming in contact with him. Kuris di tépakèn ka batur, the small pox was transferred by in- fection to the neighbours. Tëpak, to clap with the hand. Di tëpak, to pat, to caress by patting with the hand. Tépak-téëpuk, to keep patting with the hand. Fo fondle by patting. Tépas, that part of a native house, which is reached after descending a little from the main body of the house, which is called the gagajah. It is thus a kind of side- gal- lery or hall to the house, and is either pager-ed or fenced within the compass of the main house or left open to view from without. The t®pas is under that part of the roof which has another and less rapid slope, than that over the gagajah. Tapas, in Malay, Marsden, page 77: place, quarter, side, Tëpi, see Népi, reaching to, extending as far as. Up to, at. Ami t&pi ka Batawi, on getting to Batavia. Awi nw tépi ka sabrang, a bambu which will reach across the river, Téplok, to fling mud, clay, or any soft watery substance against a wall or other place, so that it may adhere, Téplos, name of a small black ant found on the ground, The bite is very painful for a moment but soon goes off. 7Zép, the sensation of pain; los, going away ,‚—as the ant nips and then immediately goes off, does not remain biting. Tëépok and tépuk, in a larger and deeper toned degree what fèpak is in a smaller degree. Di tÉpak töpok, to pat and slap (in play or to evince pleasure). Said especially when patting buffaloes. See Tétëpokan. Tépung, up with, even up with. Reaching to another object soasto touch it; in close contact; in juxtaposition. Kayu na hanto tÉpung ka sabrang,the wood does not reach to the opposite side of the river. Tépung ka imah, being in contact with the house. Having reached home. T®pung ka Batawi, on arriving at Batavia. Têpus, a scitameneous plant, Geanthus Coccineus. Têrap, to take into your head; to be of inclination; wilfully disposed. Ari trap to suka, if he takes it into his head not to be pleased. Térapkën, to put together, as carpentry «or any other materials. To set up in order. To secure in their proper places. Téêras, to splice a carrying-stick. To tie on an extra piece of stick to strengthen it. Téré, the relationships that result from the marriages of those who already have child- ren. The word Féré answers in this sense to Step in English. Bapa téré, step- father. Zndung téré, step-mother. Anak téré, step-child. It may perhaps be the same as téréh, quick, hasty, form the relationships immediately taking place on mar- riage._ Térëbang, a tambourine; a large shallow drum instrument used in marriage processions and on other occasions of festivity, called in Malay Rabana. Téréh, quiek, speedy, in haste. Mayang téréh, I wish to have it done speedily. A'éréh amat, very quick; how quick it is? Jeéréh datang, will soon come. 494 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Térëéëka, to accuse. To lay to a man's charge. Téréléng, a variety of bambu, small and hard in wood, like Atër and likeit much used for boathooks. Térëtés, name of a variety of rattan. Calamus Oblongus. Lasts well in water. Térong, the egg-plant. This word is properly Malay, but is nevertheless sometimes used. It is properly Chokrom in Sunda, Solanum Melongena. In Cochin Chinese Frung is an egg, Féros, narrow or thin towards one end, such as a bambu, or any other object which is narrower at one end than at the other. Tés, the idiomatie expression indicative of the fall or drop of water. Tahang na iris tes bai chai na ragragan, the cask is leaky and the water keeps falling out by drops. See Tétés. Tésbong, a weed in the mountain humahs, called also Emboh and Sayaga. Tési, a Chinese earthenware spoon. Té&tapi, but, howbeit, same as Japi. Tëtëb, two hatlups bound upon each other, one a little in rear of the other, with the tag ends cut off, and which are tied on, at the eaves of a house to give a rm edging. Tëtébéne, to hide oneself by holding up something before the person. Féëtëg, firm, fixed, not shaking. Compact. Tétéh, elder sister. Vide Achéuk, Tëténe'ër, from Téngér, which see. Anything used as a mark orsign, and put upon any object, whereby it may be recognized. Tëténjo-an, a distant view. What is seen from a distance. Tétép, secure, unmolested; firm; contented, confident. Tétépkëén, to cause assurance, to establish, to secure. Téëtépokan, the round of the rump, especially of beasts. The sirloin. See Tépok. lt thus means literally that part which you slap or pat with the hand. Tétés, what comes out by drop; leakings, drippings. A drop. Gula tétés, mollasses; the sugar-water which comes out of the laus,drop by drop, whilst sugar is being clayed, See Tés, Tét&undéunan, something put away; something secreted. Této-élan, same as To-dl, whichsee; to poke at a person in fun,especially at a woman. Fëu-as, hard, firm. Kayu na tlu-as, the wood is hard. Zèu-as kabina-bina, excessively hard. Tëéu-&ul, and Téu-&ulkén, to press upon, to press down. Tula, said of soil which is stiff and will not break Ane when worked up. Zuntuh tëula, stiff adhesive clay, bad soil. Téuléui, directly, straightways, forthwith. Téuléëum, to dive, to go down in water. To dye, to dip in dye, Sellam, Marsden, 178, to dive, dip, plunge. AND ENGLISH. 495 Sundéun, to put, to place. To stow away, to lay by. To put away for future use. éundëut, and Tëéëundëéutkèën, to ram in, tocause, to pierce,tostab. Peso tlundtut, a dagger, a knife for stabbing, Téuntung, daring, fearless, bold. Téunggëul, to strike, to lick, to wallop, to thrash. Téupa, to work iron, to work as a blacksmith. Téurak, to take effect, to make an impression, to leave a mark, to hit. Kw gobang aing mohal to tlurak, with my weapon you may be sure it will cut. Batu di t&urakkèn ka kèbo, stones so thrown that they hit buffaloes. Zo nëurak, it did not hit. Téurap, to belch, to eructate wind from the throat. Peurdui, to swallow, to gulp down. Téurèup, name of a tree, Artocarpus Elastica. The bark is very stringy, and makes tough durable rope. The leaf is large and deeply indented, especially when the tree Is young. Téuréup arëui, name of a tree, Ficus Depressa, Téuwël, a diminutive black bee with white face. It makes its nest in any small holes about woodwork or in walls and has honey. Sting trifling. Téuwëuk, or Tëw&ëk, to stab, to run a weapon or instrument endways into any object. Tëuyn, in excessive degree, very, too. Panjang ttuyn, too long. Pondok tluyn, too short. Haliwu tluyn, very much disturbance, Zéuyn étd ma, that is too bad; that is in quite an excessive degree, Ku t&uyn, Ï cannot endure it; itis too bad. Also too good, surprisingly good. In an excessive degree. Téwak, to seize, to catch hold of. To catch, to snatch at. MNeéwak kotok, to catch a fowl. Di téwak tuktur Mbér, he caught it as it flew past. Ti, from. Ft mana, from where, where do you come from? 7 mah, from home. Ti jauh, from a distance. Zi is extensively used in the formation of some compound words, of which examples may be seen below, though the erude root, from which such words are derived, it not always manifest, or may have become obsolete. It often indicates a verbal active form, as Guling, rolling in a heap, laid at length, Figuling, to roll, to run off by rolling. Vide Tinchak. Fiap, every, each. Mostly used in the duplicated form, Ziap-tiap. TPiap-tiup pot, every day. Ziap-tiap jél/ma, each individual man. Tiba, if only; if by way of exception; if by chance. Jiba sijó hadé, di ala, if there was but one good, IT would take it. Tiba mlunang nu gldé, if by chance we could get a large one. Tibah, to fall upon, to drop from a height and hit. Buah kadu ragrag, tibah ka Mulu jelëma, a durian-fruit dropped and fell upon the head of a man. This word would appear to be derived from 7, which see, and Baha, C. 466, placed, fxed, put, settled, | TFibahkën, to fing out, to scatter. To fling upon, to impose upon, to apportion. To 496 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE impose, as a share of work, of a tax, or of any contribution to be made. Pipajëgèun to mahi, nibahkin déui ha batur, we had not got enough to pay the tax, so we ap- portioned further upon the companions (people). Bëdul di nu lgok di tibahkèn ku batu, there was a pig in a hollow, and we flung stones upon it. Tibahkèén binih, to scatter out seed for growing. Libalik, turned upside down, inverted, Tiban, an expression in the opium farm. That certain and fixed quantity of opium which the farmer must take monthly form Government at a certain rate. Tidagor, hit, struck, injured by a thump, bumped. Tidékos, put out of joint. Said of a limb which is injured. Tindinyo, from that, from that very spot. Thence. Fiëup, to blow. Di titup angin, it was blown bythe wind. Ziëup stunluh, to blow the fire, — means to light a fire. Tiguling, to roll over and over; to roll down a hill. Fihang, a post, a pillar, a long pole. A mast. Tihang bandéra, a flag staff. Lihang layar, literally a post for a sail; a mast. The upright piece in a Chinese plough. Pi-is, cold, cool. Chù ti-is, cold water. Zi-is llungtun, cold handed, which means à person in whose hands matters prosper, in contradistinction to Panas lEunglun, which is the reverse. Fiké, a sort of grass growing on the sea shore. Eikél, to fold or bend together any narrow or stringy substance, as a rope, a string, & piece of plant, straw, grass, etc. See Tilep. Probably derived from Zkal, curly as the hair, as if bent and twisted. Pikëél-balung, literally bent- bones. Name of a plant with thin, narrow stem like bits of string, which yield a white juice. A variety of Euphorbia Tirucalli. Pikëskén, to snap a tender plant so that it hangs downwards. Tikiwari, at the this present moment. See Kiwari. Sometimes Fikiwari is from this moment. Pikoro, the throat, the gullet. The passage from the mouth to the stomach. Tikukur, Columba tigrina, the turtle-dove, which is so often heard cooing about houses or the haunts of man. See Kukuruyuk. In Malay Kukur is a turtle-dove; Marsden, 275. Pikusuruk, to fall in running and scrub oneself along the ground. To fall from a height, as from a tree, scrubbing the body along the object during the fall. Tilam, anything spread out under another, as a cloth on a table (under the dishes), a carpet, carpetting, bedding, a mat to sit on, leaves spread out to support anything and keep it clean. Zmah di tilanan samak, the house was lined (on the floor) with mats. Pilas, to cut anything which is not very thick or hard, as small sticks, bambus, sugar- cane,‚ vegetables in a garden or the like. To cut such objects as may he cut at one moderate stroke. AND ENGLISH. 497 Tilém, to dive, to disappear under water. Tilëp, to fold together any broad, flat substance, as a piece of cloth or the like. See Tikel, Eta injuk tilëpkèn ka jéro, fold that injuk inwards. Tiléung, squinting, cock-eyed. Tilil, name of a bird, a sort of water-wagtail. | Tilok, never, never by chance. Compounded of Zo, the negative no, not, and Zlok, so- metimes, Tilu, three, also sometimes Zalu, and Tolu, which see. Tilu-blas, or Tilu-wèëlas, thirteen. Tilu-puluh, thirty. Timah, tin, lead. The former distinguished as Zumah putih, white tin, and the latter as Timah hidtung, black tin. Timah-sari, spelter, much used for making brass. Sari, see voce; thus the flower of tin or lead, or the metal which gives beauty (to copper). Timba, a small bucket used for dipping water out of a well. This timba is often made of light materials, as the young leaves of some palm-tree, matted together, or of upik. Timbang, to weigh; to put in scales or ona steelyard to weigh. To take into consider- ation, to ponder, to balance in the mind. To estimate. To make levels with square and plummet. To balance or trim a boat, or any other conveyance or object on which we rest. Timbangan, scales. Any contrivance for weighing. Balance, counterpoise, considera- tion, adjustment, fairness. Timbul, to rise to the surface. To appear by rising. To float upward. To spring or shoot up asseeds; to germinate. To arise, to emerge. To appear after absence. The etymon of the word is Bul, rising up, which see. Timbulkën, to cause to appear, to bring to light. Timburuan, jealous. Instigated by jealousy. Timpa, to strike by falling on. To smite, to beat. To forge with a hammer. To stamp, to impress with some machine. Timpug, to fling with violence upon. To throw anything with violence down upon ancther. Di timpug ku batu, he smashed down stones upon him. A way of taking fish is called Timpug. Upon a stone, under which fish are supposed to be concealed , another heavy stone is lung, whereby said fish are stunned, and can be easily taken in the hand. Timu, to find, to search and get. To comprehend. Pimu di jalan, found it on the road. To timu rasiyah na, ll do not comprehend that secret. Zo timu kaharti na, IL do not comprehend its meaning. Timur, the east, eastern. The word appears to be derived fron the sun rising into view in the morning. See Ur, with the JT as a preposition, and the intervention of mm for euphony. Timur-kalér, north-east. 63 498 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Timur-kidul, south-east. Timur, name of a large island in the south-east part of the Archipelago, famous for good horses and bees-wax. Tinechak and Tinchakan, to tread upon, to set foot upon. This word is formed from the partiele Ti, which see, and Znchak, which in Malay is Znjak, to tread or to trample. Tindak, and Tindak-tanduk, due respect to great men. Tindakkën, to cause to start; to start off any one. See Nindak. Tindih, di tindih, to bore the ears for earrings. See Tundukan. Tindih, to lie upon, to be superincumbent. To overlay, to press one upon another, To put a person under some necessity or obligation to do something. Tindihkën, to place or fling upon. To put under an obligation. Lauk kèbo harga sapuluh rupiyah di tindihkën ka lumbur itu, buffaloe-flesh to the value of ten rupees was sent to that village (to be divided among the people, who must pay forit). K#bo bijad ai tindihkén ka bujang, to distribute the flesh of a worked up buffaloe among a lot of paid labourers (who have to pay for what they get). Ting, an idiomatie expression difficult to translate but approaches nearest to: being, were — from to be, and generally precedes words made plural. Zing nararangtung bai, they were all standing up. fing hararadé, they were all good. Ting gararédlig, they were a parcel of fools. Zing pororondok tënépi, being all so short they would not reach across. Tingali and Tingalian, to view, to inspect, to behold, to examine. Ting’as, to cut a piece of wood or bambu at their end with a slope or inclination, not sharp off. Tin’gat, to remember, to call to memory. Recollected. Tinggal, Hoih tinggal, a handsome variety of mottled rattan, in request for wal- king stieks. It is found only about Java Head and on Princes Island, Tinggal, to remain over, to be left, to be as a remainder. Zinggal tilu dtm, three re- main over,— only three are left. To be left behind; to die, to decease. Tinggalkën, to leave behind, to desert, to abandon. Di tinggalkén di lluwtung, we left him in the forest. Sawah di tinggalkën, we abandoned our sawahs. Tinggalung, rails for the verandah of a house. Neatly eut upright rails, Tinggang, to hit, to strike, to touch, to come in contact with. Tinggang, a variety of turmerie with unpleasant smell, Tingka, airs, assumed importance; department, behaviour. Tanka, 216, pride, arrogance, Tinjël, a small eocoa-nut growing on the south coast of Bantam, said te be very rich in oil. Pulo Tinjël, a small island off the south coast of Bantam, said to have many of these cocoa-nuts. Finun, to weave, to weave cloth. In composition often heard as Ninun, which is per- haps ìindicative of the motion of the shuttle passing backwards and forwards through the web: Nin-nun, AND ENGLISH. 499 Tinunan, the object wove, the web. Tipagut, to get a wound or hurt on upper part of body. See Titajong. Tipar, dry land ploughed up to plant paddy in the same way as corn is planted in Europe. Contradistinguished from Sawah and Mumah, which see. Tipatër, stuck fast in mud or mire. See Patèran. Tiplék, a long narrow basket with a spring door to close it, set in rivers to catch fsh and especially eels. When the fish has got well in he pulls at a bait, whereby be closes the door behind him. Tiporos, said of the foot slipping into a narrow hole. Said of the foot of either man or beast which sinks down either into theearthor through a rotten bridge or the like. Tipu, to deceive by art, to impose upon. Deceit, wile, stratagem. Tipung, flour, meal. Tipurg tarigo, wheaten flour. Béas di tipung, the rice was made into flour. Tiram, oysters, ostrea. Tiris, having the sensation of cold on the body. Shivering with cold. Tirta, a word occurring in the composition of proper names, meaning water, Raffles gives Tirta for water in his Vocabulary of Kawi words supplied by the Panambahan of Sumenap. Raffles’ Java, Appendix. Tirta-yasa, name of one of the former Sultans of Bantam, who cut a canal from the Chidurian into the Under-Andir river. The canalis also known by the same name, or asthe Sultan’s canal, and means: Zúrta, in Kawi, water, and Yasa, C. 572, fame, glory, celebrity=the famous water. This canal is also known by the name of Daro. Tiru, to imitate, to mock another man's ways and manners. Ziruwa, C. 283, a fool, a sìmpleton. Perhaps confounded by the Polynesians with mocking, imitating, from a man making a fool of himself by mocking others. Tiruk, to insert a needle in and out of cloth several times when sewing, and then draw- ing the thread through. To herring-bone. Tisaradat, fallen in consequence of slipping on the ground. Tisuk, name of a tree. Hibiscus Spathaceus. Titah, to command, to order, to direct. To issue a mandate. Di titah kadiyo, 1 have ordered him to come here. Titah mèwlt pare, order him to buy paddy. Di titan undur, they have ordered them to go backwards, —to return. Titahan, to give an order. Order given. A person sent on an errand. Titajong, to knock the foot against anything. To geta wound inthefoot. See Tipagut. Titi, due respect to great men. Titinchak, anythingtostep on. A stepping-stone in a river. A bit of wood or bambu set anywhere to stand upon. Titip and Titipan, to consign or give over into the care of another. To entrust. Njatu gula titipan, to eat sugar which has been given us in trust: to violate a trust, not able to resist the sweets although entrusted to our honour. (An almost universal 500 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE failing of the natives, for which they have thus a very appropriate designation). Titir, to strike a drum so as to beat an alarm. To beat the tocsin. Tiwar, a scent of information, a suggestion of some occurrence. A hint. Tiwas, done for, overtaken by some mishap. Severely injured, Killed, worsted, beaten. Irreparably damaged. Tiwu, sugar-cane. The word is sometimes pronounced Fowu. Saccharum Officinarum. This word appears to be derived from the prefix Ti and Wu or Bhu, C, 688, to be, from the nature of its rapid growth up into a stick. In Malay the word is fëbu, which gives the etymon in its other shape. See Tumbu, with which it appears to have much affinity. Zaw is suger-cane at Tonga, and Zo, at the Marquesas and Tahiti, Or it may have come from the Tamil, Titip, sweet, or Tulugu, pt, sweet, and Uk, sugar-cane in Singhalese, which is also very likely Sanscrit, and thus sweet-cane. Ook or oog in Formosa, where a Polynesian race is found, means a bambu, and may have originally had a common origin. Tiwu-ëndog, the egg-sugar-cane, A variety of sugar-cane, of which the tops are boil- ed and eaten, being a congeries of small round seeds, like the roe of a fish. Tiyër, to string, to fix on a string by sticking a bit of stiff bambu string through any objects so as to have them slung together. To fasten together by running a bit of string consecutively through several objects. Tiyung, a veil; anything thrown over the head to shade the face from sight or from the sun. | Tiyungan, to veil, to cover from sicht, Tiyup, and Tiyupan, to blow, to puff. Tosound a musical wind-instrument. Di tiyup angin, it was blown by the wind. Seuntuh kudu di tiyupan, the fire must be blown, Tiyup suling, to blow the flute. Fiyuwan, a hornet. A large wasp, an inch and one half long, which gives so violent a sting, that it sometimes gives the natives a fit of fever. It builds its nest on trees, of light dry grassy matter cemented together. It is black with a yellow patch round the middle of the lower body. It is most probably an Asilus. To, a particle of negation, being an abbreviation of Manto, no, not. Zo datkkén, IT am unwilling, T won't. Fo hadé, not good, that will not do. To ngurus, I don’t care, that's no matter of mine. Toa, uncle or aunt when older than our father or mother. The word Zoa is only ap- plied to persons of low degree. Tobat, Arabie, an interjection of surprise, wonderful! mercy on us! To repent of, to rue so astoswear notto do so again. Repentance. Gèus tobat mohal dèdtuyan, Irepent it and will not attempt it again. Jobat! sia to ngadeng’i ka parentah, the deuce take it, won't you listen to orders. Tobél, a sort of diminutive of Tobat, and expresses a less decisive wonder, aversion, or intention to repent, AND ENGLISH, 501 Toblong, with a hole broken through the bottom or side, so that you can see through. Burst open in a gap. Toblongan, to make a hole in. To make or force an opening. Toblos, burst open, disrupted. To-él, to touch lightly with the point of the finger, or with the point of a stick. To touch by reaching at froma distance, To tickle a young woman, to poke at her in fun. Togaran, to beat or thump violently, —as with a crowbar or with a beam of wood, Using a erowbar to burst open anything. Togé, the kachang tanëuh, or ground-nut swollen and burst with vegetation, by exposure to wet. Such Togé being fried is eaten and considered by the natives asa delicacy. Togog, a character in Pantuns, the son of Samar; he is represented as a monkey. Tohaga, strong and powerful. Tojér and Tojérkén, to kick out with the feet. To shoveand stamp at with the foot. Di tojér ku suku, he stamped at it with his foot. Lojéréun, at the feet. Near the place where the feet come, as the end of a bed, or end of a sofa, where the feet are when lying down. A refined expression. Tojo-an, to work at here andthere. To pick out here and there. To do something at here and there. Not each and every one, but only some. Dt mana nu goréng kudu di tojo-an di hadéan, wherever it is bad you must repair it here and there. Tok, the idiomatic expression of knocking. Tok bai di kÜtrokan, rapping he gave it a knock, Zok-tokan, to rap, to knock at. Toké, a large description of house lizard, calledin Malay Géko. Both words being taken from the peculiar loud ery of the animal. A large one is six inches long in body with a tail of five inches more. The animal is nearly four inches in circumference round the belly, bites hard and is speckled with various colours. It walks and runs along the ceiling of a room as easy as on a flat table, the paws being peculiarly formed for that purpose. Tokér, to push backwards with the foot. To give a shoveat with the foot so as to throw backwards. See Tajong, to kiek forwards. Toko, the weevil in rice. A small black beetle which never fails to make its appearance in rice which has been ground some time. It is the Calandra Oryzae. Toko, the shop of an European. A merchants office. A place where merchandise is sold, Tolok, bambu baskets with lids fitting to them, for the purpose of carrying any goods with greater safety. Two such Zoloks are generally carried by one man, one at each end of a stick laid across the shoulders. Tolu, three, more frequently Tilu, but Zoluisin constant useat Jasinga. Jo-lu is prob- ably Zo-ru, not of one appearance, disparity, as two was expressed by Rua = parity. In many of the languages of Polynesia three is expressed by Talu, Télu or Tolu, all having evidently the same meaning. Oru occurs at Saparua, Toru at the Marquesas, 502 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE and Kolu at the Sandwich Islands. Bougainville gives Atorou, three, for Tahiti. Tomas, the same as Katomas, name of a plant, Justicia. Tomo, a small globural coarse earthenware cooking pot, with small aperture at top, used for boiling rice in small quantities, etc. etc. Tong, a tub, a cask, in this respect is the same as Tahang; but Zong is something of smaller dimensions, and thus not a vat or receiver. Tong'érét, an insect which makes a screaming noise in thick old forests, generally in the latter part of the day. Tonggéngkèën, to set with the bottom upwards. To invert. To set with the rump sticking upwards. | Tonggo, above, relatively higher up. The converse of Lando, which is lower down. Di tonggo, up the hill, on the top of any eminence. Tonggong, the back of man or brute. Zulang tonggong, the back-bone. Tongkéng, name of a climber with flower, Pergularia Odorata. Zonkin, C. 246, name of a plant, Pergularia Odoratissima. Tongkob, the whole covering materials along the ridge, poles of a thatched house. Two hattups tied together, so that their respective ends overlap each other, having the jijjalon on each outer edge. See Pangérong, Wuwung and Adu-kéëbo. Tongkol, same as Potongkol, a fish in the sea. Tong'o, a flea on fowls or on poultry. Tongsan, a name for China, given to it by the Chinese. Tongtong, a large piece of wood, hollowed out and hung up in guardhouses to sound an alarm with by beating. Tongtoyong, to go a hunting, or out shooting on foot, — not in a cart. To peep and watch game as it comes out to feed, with the view of shooting it. Tonjok, to strike with the clenched fist by lunging it out straight from you. To nyana, I should not have thought it. It does not look likely. See Nyana. To-ong, to lookat, to peep. Also to make a visit to take a look at. Batur gëring kudu di to-ong, when your friends are ill, you must go and look after them. Di to-ong ti na bongbok, he peeped at him through a chink. Toop or Top, a native trading vessel. A native sea-going craft, Top, the idiomatie expression for taking hold of, of taking in the hand. Catch hold! Pop tumbak, ling ka léuwtung, laying hold of his spear, off he went to the forest. Topékong, name given by the Javanese and Malays to the principal idol of a Chinese 3, temple. Zimak topékong, the topékong-house, a Chinese temple. Fopéng, a mask, masks of wood painted fancifully or to represent monstrous figures, used by the natives at certain entertainments. Topi, a hat, any covering for the head when abroad in the open air. Zoppiya, C. 245, a hat, a bonnet. Fopo, apiece of white cloth carried about the person by way of a wipe or handkerchief, AND ENGLISH. 503 Torék, deaf, not hearing. Toro, an overall jacket, a sort of smoek frock, worn by both men and women. The Poro has no opening down the length of it, and most resembles a woman’s gown, but is sewed up like a sack, with of course both ends open. Torog, to swap, to exchange, To add something in swapping. Torombolan, not even and regular, in patches, here good there bad. Paré na torom- bolan amat, the paddy is in patches, in many places has not come up, or has failed. Toropong, same as the more usual Zropong;a weaver’s shuttle;a spyglass, a telescope, from Ropong, having an aperture throughout, tube-shaped. Totog, to drive down anything with a piece of wood, as with a monkey. To strike by hitting with the end of any instrument,as with a piece of wood or with a beam. Totogan, a monkey for driving piles. Totogan, is the name of a part of the native loom, viz the flat piece of plank which lies horizontally in the mortises of the Changchangan, and around which the loose unwoven threads are arranged. Totogkëén, to strike with the end of a stick or beam, driven end-ways on. Totok, a lamp-stand. Totongkol, name of a fish in the sea, Totol, to daub, to cover with spots or blotches. To vaccinate, from making several small punctures on the skin for that purpose. Tukang totol, a man who vaccinates. Totos, cut through, pierced. Terminated as any dispute or question. PFachan daik totos, it is not yet cut through. Pelkara sawah téa aytunah totos, that story about the sa- wah is now terminated. Totujon or Futujon, unevenly, not all alike. Some getting and some not getting, Some long some short. With various success. Under various circumstances. Towéksa, wonder, astonishment. Towong, an opening in the forest through which you cansee clear. A gap in a forest, — said especially of such a gap on the mountains. Towu, sugar-cane, Some people and villages pronounce thus the more usual Ziwu, which see, Toya, water, in the composition of proper names. Toya, OC, 246, water. Toyok, said of buffalloe horns when they project in front of the head, when they have a forward direction. Traju, a balance, scales to weigh with,— not a steelvard. Frang, clear, especially a case before a police authority. Correct and proper. Not against law, The more usual word in Sunda for clear is Cha-ang, and the Malay word Prang appears to be ter-aäng = trang. TFrangkën, to enlighten, to make clear. To elear up any matter. Frawangsa, a native musical instrument, a lute, an oblong box with 3 or 4 cords on it like those of a fiddle, but which are played with the fingers. Fripans, Holothurion, a black sea-slug, collected and dried for the China market; cal- led also Sawala, when alive in the sea, 504 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Trisula, a trident, a three pronged spear. Zrisula, C. 251, a trident, a three pointed spear, borne in the hand of Kattargamdeviyo, as the emblem of his character, he being the God of war. It is one of the distinguishing marks of Siwa. Fropong, the shuttle of the native loom. It is, made of a joint of the Awt tamtang and holds the Kérékan whilst passing between the threads of the web. A spyglass, a telescope. Trubuk, roes of fish, preserved with salt, imported from the straits of Malacca. Frus, through, from one side to the other. Right through. Throughout, straight for- ward, keep on. Gone through, pierced through. rus mëénérus, going through every thing. Making your way through the jungle, Passing along unbeaten tracts. Erusi, green vitriol, verdigrease. Copperas. Frusnawati, generally called Dayang Trusnawati, the Damsel Trusnawati. A fe- male personage in the old mythology of Java, of whom an account is given in the Manek Maya in Appendix Z of Raffles’ Java, where she is called Trésna Wati, An account is there given of a wonderful Chupu or basket which contained the gem Reét- na Dumila, and which were changed, the former into a Bali Simarakata, the latter iptoa virgin, to whom Sang Yang Guru gave the name of Trésna Wati, and who con- tinued to remain inthe Bali Simarakata tillshe grew up. Sang Yang Guru afterwards taking a fancy to the virgin, wished to make her his wife. She consented on condi- tion of his giving her such proof as she required of his divinity and power, and that was by his supplying her with three things, viz, 1“ a suit of elegant apparel, which would last her for ever, without being in the least tarnished, — 2d\ a meal which would cause her never tofeel hunger more, — öÌ\ a musical instrument called Gatoplak, of the most melodious sound. Zwrisnawa, C. 251, desire, wish, anxious longing, lust. Wati, C. 618, a woman of property; a female possessing great wealth. Thus liter- ally — Dayang Trusnawati the damsel who was desirable from her wealth. The se- cond gift of Sang Yang Guru to the damsel has been assumed to be rice, and in Jampé used at paddy planting, the name of the Dayang Trusnawati frequently occurs. Tua, the short for Tuba, which see. A matter used to intoxicate fish. Tua-bangka, an expression used to designate an old good-for-nothing chap, who is always full of some mischief. Tuah, sin, crime, offence. The agency or means of doing something wrong, mischief, misdeed. Saha nu bogah twah, who has done it, whose erime is it? Juah batur, the misdeed of a neighbour. Zo twah, to dosa, neither the mischief nor erime is mine, — ] had no share in the transaction. Tuan, a gentleman. Sir! Mr. A term applied to natives of high birth or rank, to all European men, and to Arabs. It serves as the pronoun you, when addressing a person of importance, a European or a superior. Derived from Zua, old in Malay, with the suffix an =an elder, age commanding respect, and in a primative state of society, AND ENGLISH. 505 the elders having been the chiefs. Tuan Dèmang, Tuan Adipati, Tuan tanluh, a Lord of the manor, a landholder. Zwan Resident.— Tuan daik ka mana, where are you going, Sir? Di béré ku tuan, the gentleman gave it me. Tuan Bëzar, Malay: the Great Gentleman. The name by which the Governor General of Java is known. Luang, to pour out a molten metal. To make castings of metal, Tuang-kuring, your very humble servant, your obedientslave. A very submissive de- signation of self by a man speaking to his superior, Kuring is already a very humble designation of self, and Zwang is perhaps the same as Twang or Tuwang, to pour out molten metal, to make castings, and if this is correct, Tuang kuring will imply: your obedient slave, whom you can pour out into any shape you please. Tuar, to cutdown, to fell as a tree. Figuratively to undermine, to bring into disgrace with any onein authority. Di tuar d&ungan, have been felled by other folks, I have been injured by intrigue. Tangal éta kudu di tuar, that tree must be cut down. Tuba or Tuwa, name of a climbing plant grown in the humahs. The stringy roots of this plant contain a white milky juice used for intoxiating fish. The roots are pounded well in a small pool which is then discharged into the stream, and the fish soon become intoxicated, coming up to the surface for air, half dead, when they can be easily secured. This is called Juba bönér, real tuba, to distinguish it from Puba songgom, which latter word see. Tuba sa klurtung, a packet of the tuba roots, as they are put up in when carried about. Tuban, name of a chief place and district in the eastern part of the Residency of Rembang. Tubruk, to pounce upon, to catch by flinging oneself upon the object to be caught. Di tubruk maung, he was pounced upon by a tiger, Mmbé di chÙkElL di tubruk bai, he caught the goat by flinging himself upon it. Tuduhkën, to point out, to show, tocause,tosee. To explain, toinstruct. Tuduhkin jalan, to show the way. Kudu di tuduhkên gawé na, you must explain the use of it. Tugu, a boundary mark of stone (not a wooden post). Tugus are found all throughout the country, and are by no means always boundary marks, at least at the present day. These Tugus are supposed to mark the spots where the ritis of former super- stition were observed, in times previous to the introduction of mahomedanism, and as ancient marks are still always respected when they have obtained the sanctity of such a name, though this Tugu mostly consists of nothing more than one or more rough, unkhewn trachyte blocks. Zugula, C. 236, lotus. May the old Hindus have introduced the custom of placing the sacred lotus at such places, or as econsecrating the place, when, from that circumstance, any boundary mark was called Pugu. Lugur, a kèmit or watchman who is constantly employed, and not changed every day. A permanent watchman. Tuguran, to keep permanent watch. To be always on the look-out. 64 506 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Tuhan, Lord, as Tuhan Allah, the Lord God. It is the word Tuan aspirated when ap- plied to God. Tuhu, right, right-hand. Ka tuhu, to the right. Lèungun tò tuhu, the right hand. Tuhur, dry, desiccated, not wet. Jalan na tuhur, the road is dry. Tuhurèëun, sun-dry, dried up. Sung'ut tukurtun, my mouth is dry. Fuhurkën, to make dry; to put out in the sun to dry. Tuil, to drive down, or drive in, by placing a bit of round wood or a brad- iron upon the object to be driven, and then striking that iron pin, so as to drive in the object further than could be got at with the hammer alone. To pick the teeth, To tease - out any matter adhering between the teeth with a tooth-pick. Fujah, to throw any pointed instrument; to hurl as a lance. Said of the act of a buffaloe which annoys other buffaloes by goring them about the body, but not coming to a stand-up fight, head to head. Tuju, to aim, to sendat, to direct to, to give course to. Tujuk&n surat, tosend a letter to any one; to give course to a letter, so that it reaches any person. To aim at, to direct one's course towards. Sasart na liang téngah nu di tuju, usually it is the mid- dle hole which we aim at. Tujuh, seven, the number seven. This word may be derived from Zo, not, and Uju, heard in Juju, and in the Malay Ménwju, to direct towards. 7o-uju = not tallying, not being in the direction, —as when the native had counted his fingers up to five, which he called Lima, a hand, and then made an addition from the other hand to make sie, Gnap, completeness, and had folded down two ofthe fingers of that same other hand to represent 8 and 9 (see Dalapanand Salapan) two fingers remained stick- ing out which have to represent seven. But they are two and not one and thus do not tally, mt&wnju from Tuju, to point against, or P'o-uju, do not coincide. The wyu, in the sense of coincidence is heard in the word Muur, lucky, fortunate, lying lengthwise with, and not athwart. The natives have thus counted upwards to six, but in mean time they had also counted backwards to eight by folding down two of the fingers of one hand, or two fingers from the whole ten, which had been named Sapuluh, one collection. This left two fingers to represent One number, the inter mediate seven. Now supposing the index finger of the second hand to count for Sg- ven, we have still the middle finger left in jeopardy without a use. May this have given rise to the expression in Malay of Jari-antu, the middle finger, literally the ghost- finger, the goblin-finger; or Jari mati, the dead finger, see Crawfurds Malay diction- ary, page 58. The name for Seven in Javanese and many other Polynesian ton- gues is Pitw, which may be an abbreviation of the Javanese Pituduh, a pointer, an index, that which shows the way. And Tujuh may then be derived from the same word by dropping the initial Pc and converting the D into J, as Jérami in Sunda, paddy straw, becomes Damt in Malay, and DAami in Javanese. Japit or Jèpit in Malay, to squeeze, to jam together, becomes Dapit in Sunda. In the language of AND ENGLISH. 507 Bima, by way of exception to the otherwise almost universal Pitu, this word assumes the shape of Pidu, which has no doubt been formed by dropping the middle syllable of Pituduh, instead of the final syllable. Tujuh-blas, seventeen. Tujuh-puluh, seventy. Tujuh, a disease, sickness. Zwyuh kuliling, a disease in which either man or beast, most frequently the latter, keeps twisting and turning in a circle. T'ukang, an artificer, a man skilled in any department of knowledge, especially manual; an artist, a wright, a craftsman, a manufacturer; an adept. ‘The word is always pre- fixed to the trade of which he is designated as the exerciser. See following examples. Tukang arit, a grass-cutter. Tukang batu, a mason, a bricklayer, a stone-cutter. Tukang béa, a toll- collector, a tax-gatherer. A collector of customs. Tukang busi, a blacksmith, a worker in iron. Tukang bohong, a liar, a man who always tells lies. Tukang chai, a water-carrier. A person who has charge of water-works. Tukang chat, a painter. Tukang chuké, a tax-gatherer. A person employed to look after and collect a land- owner’s share of the crop as it comes off the ground, Tukang chukur, a barber. A person who shaves. Tukang érétan, a ferry-man. Tukang giling, a miller, a man who grinds. Tukang hukur, a land-surveyor. A man who measures. Fukang humah, a man who makes a humah rice-field. Tukang jagal, a butcher. Tukang jalan, a man who is always wandering about. Tukang kapal, a man who earns his lively hood by doing something at ships; a sailor; a shipwright. Tukang kayu, a carpenter. Fukang këbon, a gardener. Fukang kuda, a stable-boy, a horse - keeper. Fukang kulit, a man who collects the hides of the government hide-farm. A currier. Tukang kuris, a vaccinator. Tukang maling, a robber, an adept at thieving. Fukang maryëm, a cannonier, a gunner. Tukang mas, a goldsmith, also a silversmith. Tukang masak, a cook, a person who prepares anything by boiling, as a sugar boiler or the like, though masak alone is not used in Sunda. Tukan méja, a table-servant, a butler, a person in charge of the pantry. Tukang muluku, a ploughman. 508 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Tukang ngaput, a tailor. Tukang pëdati, a carter, a man who attends a pedati cart. Tukang prahu, a boatman. Fukang ranjap, a butcher. A person who kills animals for sale. o Tukang rëbab, a fiddler, a man who plays on the Räbab. Tukang roti, a baker, a man who makes and sells bread. Tukang sapatu, a shoe-maker. Fukang sawah, a person who works a sawah, or irrigated rice-field. Fukang séwa, a renter. A person who rents anything. Tukang sëunèuh, a fire-man, a stoker. Tukang témbak, a sportsman, a man who shoots. Tukang tëulëum, a dyer, a man who dips cloth in dye. A diver. Fukang tinun, a weaver, a person who weaves, who is always a woman. Fukang usèp, a man who takes fish with a hook. Tukang wang, a cashier, a money keeper, a money changer. Tukang warung, a stallkeeper, a shopkeeper. A huxter. Tukang and Tukangan, behind, after, in the rear of. Di tukang kéneh, he is still le} behind. Tukangan mah, behind the house. Tukël, a skein, a hank of thread. Etymon tkal or ukal, to bend; curly. Tukung, Fulag-tolog, going poking about. Sticking your nose into every hole, Strolling about. a fowl naturally without a tail, — which wants the parson’s nose. Fulak, to support, to shore up, to prop up. To repel, to repulse, to refuse, to have anything, to do with. Tulak-bara, the ballast of a vessel. Bara, C. 461, heavy, weighty; thus the support or prop which is weighty. Tulak-tanggul, name of a tree, literally the prop which supports a small dam in a water-course. The tree grows about riversides. Tulang, a bone. Tulang tonggong, the back bone, PFwulang ngora, young bone, gristle, cartilage, This word twlang does not occur, even modified, in any of the languages of the Pacific, where Hui or Joi, or some modification there-of, seem most usual. It may come from Tula, C. 289, inside, within, inner, and the Polynesian zg suffûixed, indicating something within, the inner parts, something within the body. In Singhalese the word becomes constructively Tulén, within. Tulén, pure, unmixed. Mas tulén, pure gold. Turuzan tulén, of unmixed descent, pure breed. Tulis, to write; to make characters or figures on paper or other material. To engrave, Tulis surat, to writea letter. Batu tulis,an inscribed stone, a stone with an inscription on it. As the people of India, the Hindus, appear to havespread so much civilization and knowledge among the Islanders, we may fairly look to them also for the intro- duction of writing. Im Clough, page 241, is Zulika,a pencil, a painter’s brush; a kind AND ENGLISH. 509 of stick with a fibrous point used by painters. Juli, C 240, a fibrousstick or brush, used by weavers for cleaning the threads of the woof; a painters brush, a fibrous stick used for that purpose. Again at page 6 of Clough we find Akshara-tulika, from Aksara, a letter, and Zulika, a brush= a pen. The final S is the only difficulty in the case, and Tulis no doubt means a method of writing, by painting on the let- ters, derived from India, which would supersede the Gurat and Surat, er characters scratched on bambu. See Surat. There is a word in Singhalese which Clough ap- pearsto have omitted, but it is given at page 50 of Laambricks Singhalese Vocabulary, vig Lissanawa, to slip, to slide. Perhaps the crude part of this word, which would be Lis, has been joined to Tuk = Tuli-lis, elided into Pulis, as indicating the glid- ing motion of the brush. The ls in the sense of slipping or missing is heard in the word Pasalisihan, Salisih, which see, Tulisan, a writing, a delineation. Predestination, appointed hour. Datang ka tulisan na- na, his hour has come. His registered fate has arrived. Tulugtug, a stake, to stick into the ground, A thick stick sharpened and set into the ground. Tulung, Tulungan, to help, to assist. Aid, assistance, support. Tulus, done, accomplished, perfected. To come about, to happen. Zulus aytunah sugi, it now takes place that he becomes rich. Zulus bZumpang? is it to take place that you set out? Zulus di jadik?n, It has now come to pass that it is made. Manto tulus, it does not take place. Tuluskën, to bring to pass, to cause, to take place, To execute. Tuma, a flea or vermin that infests dirty clothing, and changes eolour with the eclcth. Tumagung or Ffumunggung, derived from Pua old, and Agung, chief, — comprising thus a combination of qualities held in high respect by the natives, viz ageand high birth, The um put between the two words implies: similarity to, possessing the qualities of ,‚— and in some cases continuity or repetition. Thus also in the Sunda language the word Jumarum, means like a needle, from Jarum, a needle; and Zumumbak, like a spear or Tumbak, two designations applied to sprouting paddy. On Timor the vilia- ge chiefsare called Fumagung. Tijdschrift voor Ned. Indie, 1 jaargang, deel 1, page 993. In Java Tumagung isa title for a native chief next below Adipati. Tuman, aecustomed, in the habit of doing anything. 4% tutur datang ka iuman, from habit becoming accustomed, FT umanih na, when at liberty, when you have time, at your convenience. The word is also sometimes heard as Pumaninah. Eùkéur tumaninah, L have now leisure. Fumbak, a spear, a weapon of defence, a lance. A land measure of 12 Rhineland feet of each 12,357 English inches; see Kaki, A rood. Most probably derived from tëuwbuk, to stab, the peculiar wm being introduced, and the w converted into b, and thus an object with which to stab. It is supposed that originally the word Pumbak was taken for a land-measure from the length of a chiefs spear, which is borne as a mark of dignity before him, and was thus always handy for reference. 510 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Tumbal, to ward off, to avert by prayer or invocation (Jampé). Thus a Fumbal is made at a forest or jungle that is to be cut down for a plantation. It is also done at any place where we want to work in order to avoid evil, and not be overtaken by disease. Anything hung up by way of a Jampé, as various roots, leaves, etc. Twmbal is thus a superstitious observance of the natives on certain occasions. Zambol, sorcery, in Malay, see Crawfurd's Dissertation, page 197. Tumbu, to shoot up, to come upas seed from the ground. To shoot, to vegetate. The etymon of the word is Wu or Blu, C. 688, to be, with #{ and win prefixed and thus indicating: in the act of becoming. In the Bisaya language of the Philippine Is- lands, the word is called Tubu, to grow, Crawfurd’s Dissertation, page 116, and even at the Tonga Islands of the Pacific Tubu is the word used for: to spring up as plants. The Sunda word has thus the peculiar M inserted to imply continuity. See Tumagung. In the Maori of New Zealand Tupu, is to shoot or sprout. Pubuni or Tumbani, C. 238, plantation, the act of planting trees, labours in a nursery. Tumbuk, to pound, to stamp. To strike with the clenched fist. To drive as a pile of wood. To thump down. Compounded from the particle Za and Buk, with the pecu- liar um placed between them. | Tumbung, pudendum muliebre. In Malay Zwmbung means: the seed of plants, evi- dently from Zumbu, to shoot up. Thus the Sunda word will literaly convey the idea of the place whence the human race springs. In Malay also Crawfurd gives Tumbung, prolapsus uteri vel ani. The final „g thus modifies the sense a little. Tumbong in Malay also, Marsden, page 81, isa hole in the surface of anything hollow; a vent or spile-hole; the anus. Zwmbong kalapa, the hole in a cocoa-nut from whence it sprouts. Fumbung kanyut, name of a plant, Canthium Horridum. Aanyut means bag or purse. Tumbung uehing, pudendum felicis domesticae, implies breeding like a cat‚ as we would say breeding like a rabbit. Lumorék, said of young jungle about a couple of years old, where a humah has been, and through which a man can with difficulty make his way from the density of the jungle. Derived from Porék, deaf, and the peculiar um inserted, as if the jungle would give no ear to our endeavours to pass. Tumpah, to spill, to pour out, to shed. Tumpak and Tumpakan, to get upon, to mount, to ride. To wear. See Umpak. Tumpuk kuda, to ride a horse. Pumpak kréta, toride in a carriage. Pwmmpak sapatu, to wear shoes. Zumpak sërawël, to wear trousers. Tumpak kapal, to travel or sail in a ship. Kuda di tumpakan, you must mount upon it. Tumpang, to pile up. Piled up. Heaped up one above another. Gunung patumpang- tumpang, mountains piled up one above another. Bata kudu di twmpangkën maka na tuur, the bricks must be piled up one above another in order to dry. Lumpangan, fare, passage money. Freight of goods loadedin a vessel, See Numpang. AND ENGLISH. Bli Tumptèk, a day in an ancient week corresponding to Saturday. See Dité. All the other days are called by names analogous to those found under Dité, This day is called in Ceylon Sénasurada, which is from Sénasura, CO. 761, the planet Saturn. On Java the denomination for Saturday appears to have differed from that in Ceylon, and no very satisfactory etymology presents itself for Pwmpèk, unless it may be de- rived from Zum, C. 239, greatness, dignity, eminence, and Paka, OC. 381, the name of a demon who was conquered by Indra, but why bis eminence the Demon succeeded Saturn does not appear. Tumpéng, the boiled rice in the shape of a cone as it comes from the native cooking pot, over which it has been cooked by steaming in a bambu basket called Masëupan. Fumplëés, the same as Tumpur, dead out, no descendants left, Tumpuhkën, to make liable for, to hold answerable. See Tèëmpuh. Tumpuk, to pile up, to heap up,‚ to set one upon another. A heap, a pile, Tumpur, said when a race dies out; when a man dies without leaving any descendants, Said of plants of which nothing remains worth having,as bambus, plantains or the like, Tumumbak, resembling spears. Like a tumbak, with the peculiar um inserted in the word. Said of paddy just after it comes out of the ground, and before the leaves can hang over. Jumarum is when the young paddy is still smaller and the points just peep out. Tumurun, to descend or come down by degrees, step by step. Derived from Furun, with the peculiar wm inserted. Tuna, to decrease in quantity. Fallen off in number or quantity. Especially said of short erops. Tunas, a sprout. The sprout of a tree from which the branches have been lopped, or the tree cut down and only the stump remaining. When such stump again vegetates, the shoots are called Tunas. Funda, to tow. To drag through water a vessel, a log of wood, or raft of bambus, or any other thing which will float. Tunda, to lay by; to deposit. To put asidein some place of securityto betaken at an- other opportunity. To setaside for future use. See Sunda. Barang na to ka-angkat kabéh, saparo na di tunda di jalan, they could not carryaway all the goods, part of them had to be deposited by the road. Tunda, name of an island inside the straits of Sunda, called also Pulo Babi. Tundag, applied to climbing, especially mountains. A steep bit. Sa tundag dÎui ka punchak, it is another pull (or another steep bit) to the top. Tundan, corvees of people to transport persons or goods along the publie roads. Men employed to transport by stages. Yundankën, to carry persons or goods by stages, To pass goods from village to vil- lage along a road, the people of each village carrying them on to the next one. To carry with tundan-people who are changed by stages, especially when they are or- dered out by some publie authority, Tunduh, fast asleep. Buried in sleep. 512 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Tunduk, to bow down the body or head, With the head bent down. To stoop, to in- cline. To make submission. Tundukan, as di tundukan, to bore a woman's ears for ear-rings. The expression is used at Buitenzorg. In other places more usually di tindih. Tundun, name of a very common fruit-tree and its fruit- called in Malay Rambutan, from Rambut, the hair, as the fruit is covered with processes thought to resemble hair. The Tunduns were formerly called in botany Euphoria, but have now the name of Nephelium, as Nephelium Lappaceum, Twndun Ache, — Nephelium Glabrum, Zundur pulésan. Tundun chorogol, name of a large tree growing wild in forests. Nephelium Noronhianum. Lundung, to rebutt, to rebuff, to discharge. To turn out of employment. To have nothing further to do with. Tunggak, the stump of a tree, cut a few inches or a foot above the ground. Any wood set fast and projecting, as drift wood in a river. Tunggal, alone, separate, distinct. Independent of any other. Séngyang Tunggal, the independent, the only divinity,— which conveys the nearest approach to the unity of the godhead, as understood by the ancient and pagan Javanese, only we know that they had the whole Hindu tribe of gods in reverence at the same moment, and thus that Séngyang Tunggal, though independent of the other gods, and in many respects the chief divinity, did not prevent the other deities being active, each in his own peculiar sphere. See Nunggal. Tunggal is still one of the chief divinities of the Badui in South Bantam. Tunggir, the parson’s nose in fowls. The bump from which the feathers of the tail grow. Yunggu and Tungguan, to watch, to keep, to have in surveillance. To wait or attend upon. To stay by and superintend. Ewé kolot di tungguan kénéh, he still retains his old wife, (he has not divorced her in consequence of marrying another wife). Nu di gawé, kudu di tungguan, those who work must be superintented. Tunggul, the stump of a large tree which has been felled. Punggul is on a large scale what Zunggak is on a smaller one. Tongala, C. 167, the end, the extreme point of the length of a thing. See Nunggul. Tungka, to cut down or detach earth from the face of a hill, or from any bank. To move or displace earth or stones by working at them with a piece of wood by way of a lever. To displace any heavy weight by levers or crowbars. Ïungku, plantain-stem cut in short lengths and set together, generally three bits, so as to form a place to cook at, or boil a pot upon, in the open air. Tungkul, hanging down the head (from shame or otherwise). Leaning over anything. Tungkulan, to lean over. Figuratively to take care of. To watch with anxiety. To provide for the wants of any one, especially wife and children. Tungkul umëusi, said of growing paddy hanging down and the ears filling. fungkus, a bundle, a parcel. The materials for eating sëurèuh tied up in the corner of a handkerchief. AND ENGLISH. 515 Tungtung, end, terminus, point, extremity. Zungtung kayu, the end of the stick or bit of wood. Di tungtung dmah, at the end of the house. Sa tunglung aya jalan mohal wèléh, as long as a road can be found, I shall not give it up. Tongala, C. vol. 1, page 167, the end, the extreme point of the length of anything. The Sunda word looks like the first syllable of the word Zongala, duplicated. Tungtung lan git, the horizon. Tungtung mata, the external angle of the eve. Tunjang, a prop, a shore, a support. A piece of wood or stick set end-ways by way of a support. Zwnjang lawayan, a diagonal prop. Tunjangan, to trop or shore up. To shove amongst anything. A prop. A piece of wood or stick set end-ways. Tuntun, to lead, to guide by the hand. To lead by a halter or bridle. Tuntut, to do anything by degrees; first one and then the other. Successively. Zuntut di akutan, to carry away by degrees, successively. Tuntut mayer, to pay successively. Di tuntut di hakan, suceessively to eatit. Di tuntut di oméan, he mends it successi- vely, as it gets out of order, or repair. Turalak, name of a tree, Uvaria Burahol, bears a fruit size of an egg with very large stone. Turi, to pierce, to make an jncision in the flesh. Bisul na di turi, he operated on the boil by piercing it (by running a needle into it). Lauk na di turi, he strung the flesh (by running a slip of bambu through it). Turi, name of a tree, Agati Grandiflora, from large white flowers. Turi Buwana, the leader of the Malay people from Sumatra when they emigrated to Sin- gapore. Turi Buwana died A.D. 1208. Zuriya, C. 239, musical instruments in ge- neral; Buwana, Universe, see voce. The musical instrument of the Universe, perhaps from his power of persuasion over his followers. Turiang, some time after the regular paddy crop has been cut on the sawahs, in swampy places fresh shoots of paddy straw will grow up of themselves, being tillers from the old roots. These the natives call Zuriang, and the word will admit of the following interpretation from the Sanscrit. Zurw,C. 289, a tree; Hyang, see voce, a divinity, Turu-hyang = Turiang, the trees or plants of the divinity, because they grow of them- selves, and are not planted or cared for by man. Turk, a Turk. Turub, a cover, a lid. Zwrup tolok, a basket- cover. Turuban, to cover up, to cover over. Turub-hawu, name of a fish in the Chitarum. It resembles the Zardnchak, only is larger. The literal meaning of the words is: cover or lid of the fire place, that is, it is broad enough to cover up the Hawu. Turui, the fruit bunch of the plantain-tree, which grows out from the crown of the tree, Each plantain-tree throws out only one Turui, on which the fruit is attached. 65 514 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE See Hoya and Apus. May be derived from Zuru, 239, atree, with a feminine dimi- nutive termination in yi = Luruyt. Turun, to descend, to go down, to subside, to abate; to fall; to alight. Lurun-tumurun, from generation to generation; in a succession of generations. Des- cendants, posterity. Occursin Malay, Marsden, page 85, going down by degrees, des- cending consecutively. Turunan, descent, extraction. Origin, lineage, pedigree. Purunkën, to lower, to bring down. To summon, to call up. To translate, to tran- scribe. Kabéh mandor na di turunktn ka gëdong, all the mandors were called up (literally brought down) to the mansion. Basa wolanda di turunkèn ka basa malayu, the Dutch language was translated into Malay. Furus, a rod, a pole, a straight piece of stick in the ground, The main stay or sup- port of a family. Fhe young men of a family. Offspring. Offshoot. Probably on which the old folks may hang when past work themselves. Purus kachang, a rod to which pease are trained. Pease-rods. Purus kolot, the support of the old people. A man who provides for his father and mother. Turut, to obey, to conform to, comply with. Zurut parentah, to obey orders. Mohal tonurut, we will assuredly obey. In Malay it is also simply to follow, but in Sunda is only used in a Áigurative sense — to follow orders. Turutan, imitation, made like something else. Zurutan wolanda, a Dutch imitation. Furutanëun, what may be imitated, a pattern, a modelto go by. Lain turutan?un , that cannot be imitated. It will never do to act in that way. We have no chance of dome as you do, Furutkën, to act in compliance with some one else. To obey. To do as we are bid. To imitate. To make similarly. Tus or Tus-tus, an expression indicative of snapping or bending a bit of bambu string, when a tally is kept by bending it for every 10 counted, See Ratus. Tut, the idiomatie expression of laying hold, taking in the hand. Tut bat di chokot, laying hands on it, he took it. Tut bai di bawa, taking it, he carried it away. In the word P&tot, the tut has been modified to Tot. Patut, right, proper, may have thesame etymon, as being the choice between good and bad, and the good selected. Tutu, to beat or pound out rice from the straw. To thump or beat down anything into the ground, such as driving piles. To pound in general. Tutug and Tutugan, the foot of a steep precipice. The bottom of a steep hill, Tutugan gunung ti kalér, at the northern base of the mountain. Tutug, one of the great festivals of the Badui in South Bantam. Called also Kawalu tultugssee Kawalu, which word alone indicates a festival apart from Kawalu tutug. Tutuh and Tutuhan, to lop the branches off a tree. To cut away the branches so that only the trunk remains standing. Futujon, see Totujon, under varying cireumstances, etc. AND ENGLISH. 515 Tutul, spotted, marked with spots or blotches, Maung tutul, the spotted tiger, a panther. „ Awi tutul, the spotted bambu, Bambusa Maculata, Tutung, burnt, scorched, singed. Carbonized as wood put temporarily into the fire. Tutup, toshut up, toshut, to close; to makea final payment; to terminate; to hush up. A wrapper, envelope of something. The covering piece of any lot. Jéltma nadi tutup, the man has been shut up,‚imprisoned. Tutup pérkara, to hush up any circumstance, Futup tambako, the covering fold of a basket of tobacco (which is always the best). Hutang na gêus tutup, his debt has been discharged. Tutur, habituated, in the habit of. Becoming au-fait from habit. Obedient to the will of another. The etymon of this word is evidently the same as in the word Zurut. Glus tutur, glus twman, he has become habituated, and used to it. Tuturkën, to follow, to track, to chace. Di tuturkên ka mah, I followed him to his house. Futurub, any temporary shelter. Any object used on the press of the moment, as a cover or lid. Tutus, a slip of bambu split ne, or in thin shreds and used as string, especially for tying Jattups on a roof. This word is in all probability the etymon of Ratus and Satus, one hundred, which see. It is a duplication of the word Zus, to nick a bit of bambu-string in counting. Tutut, name of a small turbinated shell-fish scarcely one inch long, found in the sawahs when inundated for planting. It is a Paludina. Tu-us, dry, parched, desiccated, thoroughly dry. Paré na gws tu-us, the paddy is thoroughly dry. Tuwa, a plant used for taking fish. See Tua or Tuba. TFuwa, viz Ki-twwa, otherwise called Swlangkar, Lieea Sambucina. Vide Sulangkar. From this tree being called Ki-tua, and having certain supernatural attributes aseribed to it, and not twwa, but kolot being the Sunda for old, it may be fairly doubted whether it exactly means old, and the idea suggests itself that it means: supernatural power or being, in some way, in which sense the word Atwa has been preserved in the Pacific islands for Detty, and indeed both in Sunda, Malay and other Polynesian dialects generally. Fuhan Allah is still used to express the True God. Now that Zu- han, which both written and pronounced with an aspirate, as is generally supposed, to distinguish it from Twan = Mr., may have had its origin, in reality in this Zuwa or Atua, divinity. See Atua, Wong-atua. Tuwa-bangka, an old obstinate and malieious fellow, Perhaps the short for Puwa- bangkawara, old and malicious, Tuwak, or Ki-tuwak, name ofa forest-tree. Zuwak in Malayis toddy, the juice of a palm-tree, which is called Zahang in Sunda. Fuwalut, Arabic, calamity, misfortune. Fuwang, to cast as metal. To pour out molten metal. To make castings. In Malay Tuwang is merely: to pour out any liquid, but the Sundanese restrict its use to the 516 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE pouring out of melted metal. Tuwangan tambaga, brass castings. Béust tuwangan, smelting iron, pig iron. Tuwar, to cut down. The same as Tuar, which see. Tuwër, the knee. Zwwör na ngadégdég, his knees trembled. Tuyun, to lead, to conduct, to take by the hand, To lead as a blind man. 5 B Uah, uncle or aunt, when older than the parents of the person using the expression. See Toa, Paman and Mama. A term of respect in addressing anelder. In Malay the expression Uwa also occurs for uncle or aunt, which Marsden fancies to be an in- fantine corruption of Puah, page 20. Uar, to give publie notice, to proclaim. To inform, to apprize. Di uarkin ka batur, to apprige the neighbours. Glus war ka sakuliah jagat, the entire country has been apprized. Uatah, new, not yet used, untouched; said of anything which has not yet been put to the purpose for whichitis intended, Jamang uatah, an unworn jacket. Pachul uatah, an unused hoe. Uatahkën, to leave untouched, to reserve in good order, Not to make use of but to reserve for future use. U bal, to twist yarn or thread, so as to lay several strands together. This is done with a few very simple implements. Ubar, medicine, physie. Drugs. Remedy. MNaun ubar na, what is the medicine for it. How can it be cured. U baran, to give medicine to. To administer medicine, which is often attended with charms and spells. Ubardn manéh ka gunung, he has gone to the mountains to get himself eured. Ubëd, tied round and round with string or rattan. To twist a string so often, and so elose round a stick or other object, that it is hidden from view and nothing but the string left visible. See Bäébé&d. Ubër, tochase, to worry out, toransack a jungle for wild animals. To thoroughly annoy. To give no peace to. To importune. Uböës, investigated, thorougly searched. Examined inall parts. Ubès lluwtung na di sak- strakan, the forest was thoroughly searched by hunting through it. Uchap, to say, to speak, to utter a word. Uchap na, his saying, or what he said. Kumaha uchap na, how was his saying, what has he said. Uching, a cat‚ the domestic cat. Felis domestica. Called in Malay Kuching. Uchul, let go, leave off holding, loosened, untied, disentangled. Departing from any place. Uchul tali na ayëunah, let go the rope now. Üchul ti bumbur glus téng'angni, when we left the village it was noon, AND ENGLISH. 517 Uehut, dropped out, displaced, dislocated. Come out. Slipped out. Uchutngora, slip- ped out young. Prematurely born. A fausse couche. MKajtun buruh wlah wehut, let it rather rot than drop out. A Sunda proverb said when much pains is taken with any matter; when a thing is made over-secure. hj Uehutkën, to shove out, to drop out, to produce. To turn out of a bag. Udag, of the forest. Di udag to kab?dag, when we ran after him, we eould not overtake him. to pursue, to chase, to run after. Bédul di udag ti lÉuwbung, the pigs were chased out Udang, a variety of Mangga so called. Udang in Malay is shrimp. Udar, to throw out loose. To fling to the air. To shake out. To unbind. Bu-uk na di udaran, he shook out his hair (which is generally long). Ngudar lamak, to let a rag, or bit of cloth, flutter in the wind. Udud, to smoke, to smoke tobacco. Zo bisa ngudud, Teannot smoke, I don't know how to smoke. Uduh, soft, not hard. Sakit na ragrag ka nu uduh, it was well he fell where it was soft. Kayu uduh, soft wood. Ugër, to make fast with ropes. To belay. To tie tight and immoveable. Ugët, to shake or move a stake of wood, or any other object set deep in the ground. To move backwards and forwards anything set fast in the ground so as to get it loose an be able to pull it out. Ujang, name of courtesy given to children of a petty chief, or official, such as of a Chamat, Ujëg, name of a small river-âsh about 6 or 7 inches long. A pretty round fish with black stripe from gills to tail. Ujég-paus, name of a small river-fish. Uji, to try the touch, or ascertain the degree of fineness of gold, by means of a touchstone. Batu-uji, atouch-stone, always black, and on it the colour of the gold is clearly seen. Ujung and Ujungan, a native game for two persons, a kind of short-stick, in which each party is armed with a bit of limber rattan, as thick as the little Anger, with which they strike each other, It is allowed to ward off a coming blow with your rattan, but they give each other blows with all their might, and frequently bring out weals on the body. Played at native festivals, as at marriages, ete. when some trìfle is given to the victor, or him who can stand it longest. Ujur, to have a direction. The direction in which anything points. Ujur na ka wétan, it points to the East, Ngwur chai, to lie lengthwise in the river, or stream. U kir, to carve, to engrave. Ukir hulu kris, to crave a kris-head. Ukiran na bagus, the carving is pretty. Ukup, to perfume by smoke. The smoke of incense. Fumigation. Ulah, do not, don’t. A prohibitive expression. Utah undur, don’t go away, don't give way. Ulah kawatir, you need not have any anxiety. Ulah di hartup, don’t expect it, or dont go in front, 518 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Ulam, a small worm, a grub. Ulas, to rub on, as white-wash, paint, etc. To rub any medicament on the body. To smearf. Ulat, the features of the countenance, the physiognomy, air, mien. Uli, a variety of Kuéh made of këtan, but not containing any Java sugar, and thus of a white colour. Ulin, to play, to make fun, To amuse oneself. Aing ma lain ulin, it is no play with me. Ulin ka mah batur, to amuse oneself by going to a neighbours house. Ulir, a screw. Anything that works asa screw by turning round and round, either made of metal or wood. Ulur, and Uluran, to ease off with a rope. To let down from a height attached to a U m. rope, which is slackened off to allow it to descend. To veer, to pay rope. This syllable, inserted in the middle of a word, gives it a plural form, indicates a repetition of the act, or modifies, in some degree, the original meaning of the word. It is very common in Sunda, as Zurun-tumurun, going down by degrees; tumbak- tumwmbak, resembling spears. This peculiar form is rarely perceived in the Malay, though itis occasionally heard, as Purun-tumurum, Marsden, p. 85, descendants, poste- rity; consecutively, Chabuk = Chambuk a whip, Gilang-gumilang, effulgent, shining. But as the form otherwise rarely occurs, we are forced to infer that they have bor- rowed the expressions from the Sunda people, with whom their geographical position may have brought them in contact, and with whom the form is so common. The word Zumbak, a spear, is an example, where it is derived from the Sunda word Zèu- wiuk, to stab, converting the U into B in the new form. The few following words will give instances where this peculiar duplieation into Um eommences the words. See other words beginning with Zum. Um is heard in the Malay expression Zali-tumali, a ships cordage or rigging, see Crawfurd's Dictionary, page 181. Vide also Katumbirt. Uma, C. 81, a name of the goddess Parvati or Durga, the wife of Siva. U mang, a erab-like animal that lives in the shells cast by other fish. The hermit-crab. Two varieties of the umung are known to the scientifie world as Cenobita and Pagurus. . jÀ K . . Umang is perhaps the word Krang, a shell-fish, a cockle, with the peculiar um insert- ed in the word Krumang, and the initial Kr elided, from the peculiarity of creeping into every shell he finds empty. A lazy, good-for-nothing fellow, who will do no- thing for himself is said to be Chiara wmang, like the hermit-crab— he sponges on his neighbours, makes himself at home in his neighbour’s house. Umar, Arabie. The second Caliph in Arabia. Same as Omar. U m at, Arabie, person, chap. Saha umat na, who is the chap? Marsden, page 15, gi- ves Ummat, sect, people of the same religion: vmmat Jahudi, the Jews. Umbara, to remove with family, bag and baggage. To change the place of abode by going to some distant part of the country. Crawfurd, page 4, gives Ambara, San- scrit, to hover in the air, to wander, AND ENGLISH. 519 Umbul, a petty native official; a follower of a chief. Rarely heard, Umbul-umbul, a banner;any signal, as a flag or other object, hoisted so as to be seen at a distance. Banners carried about the person of native chiefs. A small flag attached to a spear. Pronounced with stress on the initial U, Umbul-umbul, heard mostly as MEmbul-émbul, without thus any stress upon the initial U. To come in sight, to show up,‚to make appearance. Compounded of Umand Bul, both of which see. Umbun-umbunan, the part of the forehead close under the hair. The crown of the head. The fontanel or soft sutures of a child’s skull when newly born. Umèusi, filling up, said of paddy or fruit which is in the act of filling. Derived from Eusi, contents, and constructive Um prefixed, which gives the sense of filling in a small degree, or successively. Umpak, a pedestal, a stand. A stone placed under wood-work. Compounded of the peculiar Um, which see, and Pak or Prak, set upon. Umpak tihang imah, the pe- destal under the posts of the house. Anything placed under another with the view merely of supporting it. See Tumpak. U mum, not certain, in doubt, indefinite, ambiguous. Crawfurd gives Umum as Arabie; common, general; uncertain, indefinite, In Sunda Umum implies: an open question howit is to be, Neither positively yes nor no. Umwm appears to bea duplication of Um, see above, the particle denoting plural form or repetition, and is itself dupli- cated, showing great uncertainty. Something is to take place, but decidedly what is not known. Pêrkara éta umum kenéh, that matter is still in doubt, not decided, Umur, Arabie, hife, hife-time, duration of life. Age. Umur na pondok, his life was short. Salamat mur panjang, may you have long life. Umur manusiya sakëndëung, the life of man is but a moment. Sa umur hirup,as long as you live, Sabraha umur na, kow much is his age? How old is he? Unang-aning, a lot of things of various kinds. All sorts of things mixed up together. Said especially of various fruits, roots, leaves, and the like found growing wild and used for eating. Unchal, a deer, Cervus equinus. Unchang-unechangan, to sit with the legs dangling, without their touching anything to rest upon. Undag, a piece of level ground on the side of a hill; a sort of landing-place, The space between two such landing-places. Technically a pull. Se wudag dèui manan datang ka punchëlak, it is another pull before we can get to the top (of the moun- tain). Sometimes also called Zwxdag, which see. Undang, laws, statutes, made by man, not the Mahomedan law as found in the Korax. Undar, the upright stand with long arms revolving around it, on which are wound the threads in preparing for weaving. Undèëm, a cocoa-nut-shell used as a measure for rice, 520 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Und&r-andir, nameof the lower part of the Chibérang and confluents before they enter the sea; perhaps so called from its circuitous course, being derived from Uudar the revolving spinning-machine. Unduh, to gather the fruit from a tree by taking all off. Manggah va glus di unduh, they have gathered in all the manggoes (from some particular tree). Undur, to recede, to retire, to with draw; to retreat. To run away. Plok undur di kablukt, he never runs away from what he relishes. Gèus uudur kabèëh, they have all gone away. Uudur ti lumbur éta téullui manggih hujan, on leaving that village we immediately had rain. Undurkëén, to cause to fall back. To make retreat. To drive back. Undur-undur, the lion-ant, Myrmeleon. This insect burrows in fine, soft sand or dry ashes, making little inverted conical holes into which unwary flies or other insects straying are easily caught by the lion-ant who is concealed at the bottom. Undut, mud, joggling soft earth, peaty bog. Guxung Undut, alias Gunung Sajira in Bantam, said to be so called from some places with jogeling earth, high up its sides, or near the top. Unëuk, the sharp hooks or prickles of some large varieties of rattan, used for garnishing the Zwumbak bandil. Marsden gives the word Uxzak as some kind of prickly plant. The thistle is rendered by this word in the Malay translation of the Bible. Marsden, page 23. Unggah, to get upon, to mount; to come out upon. Unggah tt chai, get up out of the river. Chai na mohal unggah, the water will not flow out upon it (the land to be made into sawahs.) Unggahan, to get upon. To have illicit communication with a woman. Unggahax cwé batur, to have illicit communication with a neighbour’s wife. Unggut, shakey in its socket. To shake as a post stuck loosely in the ground. Hunu na ururunggut kabeh, all his teeth shake in their sockets. Kayu wauchtb ka jèro tanduh di unggutkèn, they shook the piece of wood whieh was stuck in the ground. Unkrah-ankrih, to knock about. To push about or handle rouchly so that it gets spoiled. Paré ua ulah di ungkrah-angkrih kitu, murag , don’t knock that paddy about so much, because the grains keep dropping off. Ungkud-unekud, to shake with a strong effort. To shake with a view to bring it out of its place. Kayu na di ungkud-ungkud wat pagtuh, when 1 shook the piece of wood (stuck in the ground) I found it quite firm. Ung'u, violet colour, purple. Also a reddish brown colour. Katz wzg'u, purple cloth. Unjal, and Unjalan, to carry away by coming again and again to fetch. To carry home the crop, as paddy from the fields to the granary at the village. Unjuk, having a good show, making a show. Being particularly good or fine. Paré bdtur uajuk, my neighbours paddy makes a fine show. Jél?ma ua unjuk, that man is strong and valliant (or possesses some quality out of common). Untal-antil, odds and ends; remuants, scraps. AND ENGLISH. 521 Untang-anting, to swing, to wave to and fro. To return home the same day on which we go away. Untung, fortune, good luck, also bad luek, chance, lot. Gain, profit, advantage. Untung nakèr, very profitable. Untung ua Cun sakitu, his luek was only such, meaning that he was not very successful. Uutung chapé, his gain was getting tired, as we should say, he got his trouble for his pains. Kwmaha wntung na bai, as chance may turn up. Untung Jawa, name of the promontory made by the embouchures of the Chidani river, and opposite to the island of Ovrust. It means the lwck, the prosperity of Java. Unun, to smoke, to kilndry. To put up over a fire-place so as to dry thoroughly and render durable. Upah, hire, reward, recompense. Payment made in money or goods for any work done. To induce to do anything by a payment. Paid for. Upah nyusuk, to pay for making ascanal, or water-course. Upah ngunjalan, to pay for taking away. Upah nywumpah, to pay for getting an oath, Upahan, to recompense, to reward, to defray. Wages, payment. U pama, for example, suppose, as if, quasi, like, resembling. Upama, C. 80, derived from Upa, like, Ma, to measure, likeness, resemblance, as a picture, an image, etc. Also a parable, a simile. Upama na kula datang isuk-isuk, mêvnang tah pulan rada blurang, suppose that L come very early in the morning, shall I be allowed to go away again rather early. U pas, venom, poison. Any noxious juice either vegetable or animal. Upas orai,the poi- sonous spittle of a snake. The secretory matter which is contained in its poison-bag. Surtum nw aya upasan, an ant which emits a virulent saliva. Sirëwm wpas, a variety of ant of the size of Tataman; it lives on trees, is black, and givesa very painful bite. Urut di gégél orai, upas na matih nakèr, having been bit by a snake, its secretory matter is very virulent, Upéti, revenue, tribute, contribution. U pih, the spatha which envelops the spadix of the unexpanded pinang-fruit. This, when carefully cut off and separated from the spadix, forms a broad, thin, leathery wrap- per, which is much used for carrying about cooked rice, as when a man goes to a day's work, or on a journey. The green outer pelliele is stripped off, and then it is white on both sides. Bèbéd upih, an upih well filled with provisions for a journey. Buka upih,name of a swamp-bird, which is dark coloured whilst on the ground, but on rising in the air shows white like the upih, under the wings. Ur, the idiomatie expression for rushing into the presence, of coming in a hurry upon any one, of a flock of birds or a herd of cattle starting off on their course. Ur bai mata-poi bijil, and the sun rushing on came out. Ur bat manuk Mbtr sa loba-loba, the birds started on their flight in great numbers. Urab, to mix eatables, as Bonteng or Iwung,ete. with the pulp of cocoa-nuts. See Orég. 66 522 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Urai, to twist any flaxy matter into rope,said especially as applied to twisting the injuk of the kawung-palm into ropes. To make a rope of flaxy materials. Urakan, to take to pieces; to break an agreement. Pèrjanjian étadi wrakan dèui, that agreement has been broken through, Urat, aà vein, a sinew, muscle, fibre. Sagala urat na héuras, all his sinews were hard. Urat kaju, the Gbre or grain in wood. Urihi, one of the numerous names for wild pigs. Urirane, sulphur, same as Walirang. Urug, tumbled down, fallen by erumbling down. Slipped down, as earth from a hill-side, stones which have been piled up or the like. To fall as water at a cascade. To fill upa hollow by putting earth into it. To lay gravel or materials on a road. Gunung na urug, the mountain has slipped down; a lot of earth has got loose from the moun- tain and slipped down. A landslip. Part na di tumpuk wrug, the paddy which was piled up, has fallen down. Chad na urug tú lwhur, the water falls from above. Churug, a waterfal. Urui, to water in the mouth, from longing for something nice. Crumbling and falling to pieces. Chadas btunang myusul vruian bai, when we cut a canal in the tufaceous strata, it keeps crumbling down. } Ururugan, apparently a plural form of Urug. To go with a number of men to any work. To make war, to attack with an army. To set upon in numbers, as it were to tumble upon in masses. Urus, in order, properly arranged, Satisfactory. Lo take trouble to get anything in or- der, or as it should be, Do you think I have nothing else to do. Nu urus, I hope not, may it not be so, literally that which is in order, — said with some diffidence. To urus, that is not satisfactory, that is not in order. Urus ttuyn nyatu, it matters not about eating; meaning do you think Í have nothing else to do but eat. Urus tuyn pluting, it matters not that it be night. Urusan, to look after, to keep in order, to administer. Administration; management of any kind. Urusan tantuh, to administer an estate (landed property). Urusan kèbo, to look after buffaloes. To bisa bogah urusan, he does not know how to keep mat- ters in order. Urut, mark, trace, A leaving of another person. What another person has done. Urut jeléma ka dinyo, there is a trace of a man having been there. Urat batur, the leav- ings of a neighbour. Urat saha iyo? whose mark is this? who has been using this? Awéwé urut d'ungan, a woman who has been done with bya person who is no relation of ours—and therefore a widow in consequence of death or divorce. Urut, to rub and squeeze the muscular parts of the body after fatigue. To shampoo, in order to give relaxation to the body. Urut is a more forcible application than Zièun- tut, which see, Usaha, labour, exertion, endeavour. What is got by labour. Usaha nu llutth, the in- AS AND ENGLISH. 523 dustrs of the common people, or what they get by their labour. Such labour itself, Ussaha, C. 83, labour, exertion, diligence. Usali, Arabie, about to pray. Having the intention to pray. The commencement of a formulary of prayer. Usap, to rub, to wipe. To polish with the hand, To push the hand along anything as if rubbing. Lo stroke down. Usëp, a fish-hook. To fish with a hook and bne. Usik, to move, to stir. Ulah ngusik, don’t move, To bisa ngusik, L cannot move. Usir, to chase away. To put outside, To turn out, to dislodge man or beast from any pesition, To uneeremoniously turn a man or beast from any place, as a house, a village, or out of any employment, Ustu, obeying, subjected to. Also sometimes heard as stu, Usuk, a rafter in the roof of a house, when made of wood and not bambu, which would be called Layts. Usum, season, period of year. Probably a corruption of Musim, which see. Usung, to carryonthe head. To carryanything in a basket or bag placed on the head. Said of the act of an animal which puts its head under anything to toss it up. Áx- jg na de wsung ku kèbo, the buffaloetossed the dogin the am, Uswuug seems to have a common origin with the first part of the Singhalese verb Ussazawa, C. 88, to lift up, to raise, to elevate, or Osawanawa, C. 91, to raise, to lift up, to elevate, from the adjective Us or Usa, C. 83, high, elevated, and which will be the same etymon as Hausser, to elevate, in French. Usung-asung, a small variety of Ajag, Canis rutilans. They go about in packs, and hunt small animals which they attack and master by their numbers. They are less troublesome than the Ajag, and like it are of a brown colour, and have bushy tails. The word is evidently derived from the Javanese As, adog. Swna, C. 748, adog, from Su, to hear. Usur, the one tenth of the property left by a deceased person, which falls to the priest for his trouble and assistance in enforcing the Mahomedan law in its distribution. Usur, to bribe, to give a douceur. De usur manan daik jadi, ik was necessary to bribe him before it could be done. Usuran, a bribe, a douceur. Usus, the guts, the entrals, the intestines. Usut, to rub the nose, as a dog upon the grass when tracking game, or a lover against the face of his beloved. To scent out. To get information by prying slyly. Jtah, to vomit, to throw up, whatever is vomited. Utah anjing, a dog’s vomit. Utahkén, to vomit, to throw up from the stomach. To disgorge, to give back anything unlawfully obtained. The Malay word is Muntah, which is the Sunda Utah with the prefixed verbal particle ma. U tama, excellent, in perfection, best, B All done that can be done. Utama hadé, 524 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE the very best. Dangdanan nana utama, its construction is perfect in all its parts. Utama blunang ngabantuan, all possible help has been afforded. See Nista. Uttama, C, 75, excellent, chief, best, first, principal. Utara, north, see also Kalér. Any violent gale of wind, a tempest, — probably from the north-west monsoon being the periodical season of wind and rain. Katarajang utara, overtaken by a tempest. Utura, C. 75, the north. Uttara, C. 716, the north. Utas, to cut down small jungle. To cut a way or path through a tangled forest. To make a trace for a boundary line or sign of demarcation. Utas, a string of beads, a necklace. A piece of netting generally a couple of fathoms long, and one fathom broad, used when several are joined together, to encircle game in the forest, or fish in water. Utun, a prince of nobleman of Pajajaran. The term is used in Pantuns referring to the nobles of Pajajaran, where such individuals are generally called St-utun, and are generally described as adventurers in quest of a wife, or independent petty government. Utus, as di utus, to send on an embassy. A message sent by a royal personage. Utusan, an ambassador. A royal messenger. An embassy, a mission. U yab, to shake up, to shake out, so as to disentangle part of the contents. Zta jukut kotor ngantëp kudu di uyab, that grass is very dirty, you must shake it up. Di uyaban mèngké, we will shake it up (and get out the dirt or objectionable matter). U yah, salt. Probably derived from U, which in many languages of the Pacific is a woman’s teat, milk, and is heard in the Sunda Susu, which see. It is also apparently the etymon in Buah, fruit, and may thus imply something round, having form, grow- ing spontaneously. Yah is probably originally water. It still occurs as Yéh, water in Bali, Crawfurd, and Bah, an inundation in Malay, as heard in sawah. It may thus imply: the fruit of water. Banyu, Javanese, water, seems an inversion of these derivatives, and may then have originally meant: sea or salt water, which in that sense was dropped for La-ud, laut, salt water. Bah is retained in Sundain Kwmbah, to wash, and in the first parts of Walungan and Waluran, which both mean a ravine, a water-course in the face of a hill. Uyang, a petty title given apparently mostly out of compliment toan elderly person. But it is also acquired by birth and is below Mas. Derived from Nguyang, to have got by half begging. Wa-as, said when a pleasurable feeling is caused by seeing some one or something which reminds usof what we ourselves possess, but which, for the moment, is out of our reach. A happy or pleasing remembrance or emotion regarding something which AND ENGLISH. 525 we do not at the moment see (as seeing a woman’s gown causes sentimental emotions). Wacha, to read, to peruse. Wacha, C. 616, and Wacha, C. 634, to speak, speech, speaking. Our word thus properly means reading aloud, giving utterance to. Wada, to find fault with, to complain of. To correct by talking to. Wada, C. 919, speech, a word, a sentence, a saging; punishment, torture. Speech or talk is often used in Malay in the sense of finding fault with, as heard in: di kata-in, he talked at him, which means reproached him. Wadah, a receptacle, a place toreceive thingsin: A case, a basketor the like. Wadah stupahan, a sëurëuh-box, any apparatus for holding séurèuh. Wadah bé-as, a rice- basket, Zadah bêdil, a gun-case. Wadah pakéan, a clothe’'s-press, or any box or basket to put clothes in. Wadahan, to put into a receptacle; to gather up into a basket or other contrivance. Wadang, rice which has been boiled but not immediately eaten when warm, but set by for after use, Wadi, subject of conversation. What’s in the wind (to risea cant expression). To nyaho di wadi, he does not know what's in the wind. He does not know what arrange- ments are made. Wadi, C. 636, from Wada to speak wisely, etc, — wise, learned, skilful, sage. Wadung, the small chopper of ceremony worn in the girdle by those in attendance upon the sovereigns of Java. Wadung, the native axe, so called about Buitenzorg, and is the same as Baliyung. Wagé, the fourth day in the old Javanese week of five, days. See Manis, Poi wagé, the day wagé, is considered auspicious for many undertakings, especially for plant- ing paddy. Wagu, confused, confounded, stultified. Crawfurd gives in Malay Ragu, confused, per- plexed. Wah, an exclamation of surprise, or of dissent. Wahal, a prop or support. in buildings, by a piece of wood or bambu laid flat and length wise. Wahangan, the bed of a river, any large water-way, a ravine. The etymon of this word is evidently Wah, which in Malay is Bah, Marsden, p. 57, a flood, an inun- dation. See Sawah and Sawangan. Waja, steel. Waja hanchur, an inferior steel, or rather cast iron, such as iron cooking- pots are made of. This word sounds Sanscritie, though not found in Clough, at least there only occurs, at page 455, Bajanaya, association, union; embracing, an embrace. May this refer to steel being united to cutting instruments, or embracing the edge ? Naya is constructive. Marsden, page 80, gives Baja, steel, Waja for steel may also be derived from Wajra, C. 616, a thunderbolt in general, or the thunderbolt of Indra; hard, impenetrable, adamantine. The Hindus may have represented steel to the Is- landers as made of the thunderbolt of Indra, So also Clough, page 447 and 491, 526 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE gives Bajana and Bhäjana for a vessel, a vessel in general, asa pot, acup, a plate, which in Malay has been modified into Bajan,and also sometimes into Wajan, a pan, a vessel; see Marsden, page 80. So also Wacha becomes Bacha in Malay, and War, becomes Baru. Wajang, to copulate as animals, not as human beings. Wajib, Arabie, necessary, proper, incumbent upon, obligatory. See Pérëlu and R a- kun, which have a similarity of meaning and all three are probably Arabic, Weak, the idiomatie expression of splitting, especially anything that splits with a noise, as abambu. Wak bai awina beùlah, bang! the bambu split up. Wak, C. 634, speech, saying, a word. Wakiya, C. 634, a sentence, a word, a speech, dictum. If this is a correct explanation, we have here a Sanserit monosyllable adopted for an idiomatic expression, which is very unusual, as this class of words appears generally to be purely Polynesian. Waka, the act of doing something, a state of exertion. A word difficult to translate by any ong appropriate term. Jiba waka bogah dua siki, 1f only you could contrive to have two pieces. Ulah waka, do not do it yet; hold on a bit: have patience. Ula waka di béré, don’t give it to him just yet. Wakap, empty, In no man's use. Jmah wakap, an unoccupied house. Wakeha, used only in the expression wakcha waléh, speaking out the plain truth, speaking without prevarication. ‘Ehis expression is used by a man when he throws himself upon the mercy or consideration of his hearer, — when he unbosoms his difficulties. Wakcha is probably a corruption of Wakya, C. 634, a sentence, a word, a speech, dictum; a rule or aphorism, and would thus mean: an undisguised word or sentence. Wakil, Arabic, an agent, a representative, an attorney, a proxy, a deputy. An envoy. An ambassador. Wakilan, to depute, to send or put another in our. place. Wakil mutèëlak, an agent with full powers. A plenipotentiary. Waktu, Arabie Wakt, time, season, period, appointed time: Waktu kans datang, at the period when we came. Sambayang waktu, to pray at the appointed time, as Mahome- dans do, on five separate occasions every day. = Wak-wak, to chatter, to keep talking. JWak,C. 684, speech, a saying, a word. Our wak-wak seems to be wak, duplicated to imply frequency or continuation. Zo aga ang- gëus wak-wak na, there is no end of his chattering. Walah, Arabie, by God. An exclamation of dissent or disapprobation. Walah gauh, by God it is far away. Walah saha nu daik, by God who will be willing? Walajar, to plough the sawahs for the first time in the season. See Neawalajar. Walakaya, to work, to do something for a livelyhood. To use one's endeavours. Walang, a grass-hopper, a locust. Called in Malay Balang. Walang, a scitameneous plant, Hedychium Gracile. Walar-walar, and Walaran, traces on the ground. Marks of some person or animal having passed. AND ENGLISH. 527 Walat, a variety of rattan, the rattan of commerce, such as are exported to Hurope. It is found in the Sunda districts only near the south coast of Bantam. Waléh, speaking the plain truth. Speaking without prevarication, really, truly, undis- guisedly. See Wakcha. Waléhan, to speak outthe plain truth. To throw yourself on the consideration of another. Kudu di waléhan bat ka twan, L must tell you an unvarnished tale, IL must, Sir, tell you the plain truth (when about to ask a favour). Walén, a variety of ficus-tree. The bark is sometimes used as an indifferent substitute for gambir, for which purpose trees near a path are found deprived of their bark. Does not grow very large, but is a moderate bushy tree. It has numerous bunches of small fruits ofsige of peas, growing from the stem. Leaves small, oval and entire. Walës, to rebound, to spring back. Walësan, a spring made of a stick bent by a string or cord to serve for that purpose. A spring of wood or iron bent for some purpose. See Balës. Walét, the house swallow. Hirundo. ZPhe house swallow which builds its nest under the eaves of a house or in a verandah. Wali, Arabie, a tutor, a guardian. A person, the next akin, who takes the place of the parents when these aredead. Wal in Arabie, a friend, a favourite, a servant, a slave. Wali Allah, the servant of God; the successors of Mahomet; the caliphs ; those to whom the power of God is entrusted. Walian, to give a woman away in marriage, either when the father gives away the bride himself, or does so by deputy. Wali-kambing, name of a liane growing along some parts of the low coasts of Java. It is found, amongst other places, near the coast from the mouth of the Chidani to- wards Bantam. The root is bruised and mixed up with boiled rice or other food, and placed in the way of wild pigs, which, after eating it, become insensible and tor- pid, but on bleeding them they recover. It is also called Pelér kambing about Batavia. Wali, C. 628, wild, livingin the woods. „The fruit of a species of Contorta called Kalak kambing, has a deadly effect on tigers. lt is prepared by the admixture of other vegetables, and exposed on a piece of rag at the places frequented by them. In some districts their number has been sensibly diminished by this poison.” — Horsfield. Raffles’, Java, vol, 1, page 347.— It would thus appear that a vegetable preparation known by somewhat different names, but all terminating in Kambing, goat or sheep, has a deleterious effect upon animals, and is in different parts of Java used for the purpose of stupifying wild beasts. Kalak in Javanese is burnt or roasted flesh and Kalak-kambing is the burnt flesh of a sheep or goat. Pélír means penis, and thus the penis of a goat. Wali-kukun, name of a hard, reddish wood, growing near the sea-shore, and much used for the cog-wheels of mill-work, being strong and closein grain. Wal, C. 628, wild, living in the woods. Kokun, mahogany,— Luaambrick’'s Singhalese Vocabulary, Ceylon, 1840, page 17, thus: wild mahogany. 528 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Walik, a variety of wild pigeon with green feathers,— other than Poné. Walikat, the shoulderblade, scapula. In Malay Balikat, Marsden, p. 117. Balk, to return, of go back. A4, C. 805, the hand and arm—the returning or the going back of the arm. But this would be taking a compound word from two different lan- guages, which is hardly admissible. Waling’i, name of a variety of grass. Walirang, sulphur, brimstone. Called in Malay Balérang. Marsden, page 46. Wallah, Arabie, by God. Properly Wallahi, Waluh, a calabash, a kind of pumpkin, much grown by the natives. Is of the size of a man's head, green with white spots. Cucurbita Hispida. Walungan, a ravine. More especially a water-course cut deep intoa flat country. Wah, water. Lèéng, the act of going, modified to lung, with an suffixed. See Wahangan. Waluran, a ravine, more especially a water-course cut in the face of a hill. Wah, water; Malur, a beaten path, with an suffixed. A beaten or worn-out path for water. Waluri, unhurt, in perfect order. In prime condition. Gëus walurt déwi, he is perfectly re-established in health. Waluyah, intact, uninjured, Sound and whole. Said of any object which has not yet been made use of. Waluyah kénéh imah na, that house is still uninjured, — is still in perfect order, Jamang na waluyah, an unworn coat. Wana, a forest, a wood, agrove. Wana, C. 620,a forest, a wood, a grove. Used most- ly in the composition of proper names. Heard often pronounced Wana. Wana-sipi, name of aplacein Karawang. Wana, forest, Sipi, C. 784, from Sipa, an art, and 4 affinative: an artist, an artificer, an artizan, thus: artizan’s grove. Wana-yasa, name of thechief place in Karawang. Wana, forest, Yasa, C. 572, good, excellent, worthy. Wanara, an ape, a monkey. Used in old pantuns. Wanara, C. 621, a monkey, from Wana, forest, Rama, to play. Wanechi, period, or time of day. Wanchi téng'ang’ni, at the period of noon, Wanchi mégrib, at the period of the day getting dark; at dusk. Wang, money, coin, capital. Wang mas, gold money. Wang pérak, silver money. Wang nu bisa ngajadiktn, it is money which will bring it about. Sq-wang, eight Dutch doits. See Sa-baru. Wang-karasan, money for having pleasure (in living anywhere), money paid as an impost when the person has no cultivation on which to pay tax. Wangi, fragrant, sweet scented. Occurs in the composition of proper names, as Sila Wang’i, a character in the early history of Pajajaran. See Wawang'én. The more usual word for scented is Stung'it. Wangi, a variety of mangga so called. teke) Wangkang, a chinese ship, a junk. Wangking, as Chéuli wangking, a rhinoceros. AND ENGLISH. 529 Wangsit, malignant, virulent; having supernatural power to do harm. Léuwêung wangsit, a virulent forest, where man cannot tread without being overtaken by some malady or misfortune. Pamwjahan nanato laku di tinchak, wangsit, you must not tread upon the place of penance, it is malignant. Wani, daring, valliant, bold, Sia want nyachag ka maung, would you dare to cut ata tiger (in the forest). Zo wani ngarajang kadinyo, IL dare not tackle on to that, — We have among the back mountains of Jasingaa Chi-barani, though Barani is never heard in the language alone, and very likely here means the river of Bawani. So also in Malay there is the expression, Batu barani, for the loadstone, Bési barani, for the magnet, Marsden, page 89, which may have also- reference tothe goddess Bawani, as representing courage. This Want is further the same as Barani in Malay, Marsden, page 38, bold, daring, courageous, which are thus probably both derived form Bd- wani, the consort of Siva, his attribute of courage, The Sunda people have another word for daring, viz Ludtung.— In the plural it becomes Wararant. Wararaniëlun amat éta jéllma, those people are very daring. Wanta, good advice, friendly instructions. Instructionsin Jampé or incantations. Wanta, C. 687, from Wama, to vomit, Jata affinative vomited, ejected from the mouth. Per- haps from always spitting upon a place over which Jampé is pronounced. Wara, to teach, to reprehend, to tell to do better, to inculcate, to impress by admoni- tion. Perhaps the same as Wara, C. 638, in the sense of permission, or Warana, C. 638, defence, opposition, prohibition. Wara, C. 623, requesting, soliciting, pre- vailing on a person by entreaty to undertake any business. Wara, is also sometimes used in the sense of Waka, as: ulah wara di béré, don’t yet give any‚— and may then be Wara, C. 638, time, occasion. Waragang, right and true. Correct in conduct. Straight forward, worthy of trust. Warang, the mutual parents of married people, as the father of the husband is the Warang of the father of the wife. In Malay this relationship of the parents is design- ated by Bésan. Warangan, arsenie,. Much used for a solution in which gobangs, krises, badis and other cutting instruments are steeped in order to bring out the Pamor, and preserve them from rusting. Calledin Malay Brangan or Barangan, Marsden, page 38. Also to apply a solution of arsenie to weapons. Kris warangan, Gobang warangan, such weapons when they have been soaked in a solution of arsenic. Waras, in sound good health. Sound, not decayed. Convalescent, recovered from sick- ness, cured, healed, sound, sane. Gèws waras dlui, he is restored to health. Pagér na waras kénéh saparo na, part of the fence is still sound (not rotten). Warata, of even surface, without asperities. Even in grain, as rice. To distribute evenly to all alike. Fairly apportioned. Waréng, the seventh in descent, counting the father and mother as number one. The sixth generation after an ancestor. The term also applies backwards, so that the an- cester sixth previously is the waréng of the living person, 67 530 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Wargu, a variety of dwarf palm. Raphis Pumila. Waringin, a handsome and ornamental tree, growing to a great size and affording a dense shade impervious to the sun. This tree is always planted on the Alun-aluu or open space in front of the dwelling of a native chief, and is a mark of authority. It is the Ficus Benjamina. Waris, Persian, a heir, inheritor, legatee. Warisan, anything left by a deceased person. Inheritance, legacy, Warna, colour, hue, description, kind, sort, shape. [arnna, C. 625, to paint; colour, hue, tint, quality, property; form, figure, sort, kind. Zoba warna na, there are ma- ny varieties. Aya sabraha warna, how many kinds are there. Warna na bèurlum, the colour of it was red. Warna tëuyn, how many colours, how many shades! we should say, what it means: you do not know your own mind, can't you say what you mean. Wat warna! don’t tell me your nonsense. Warta, tradition; report of old men. BWartata, C. 699, tidings, intelligence. Kula nimu warta, Ï have heard (literally got or found) a tradition. Waru, name of a very common tree, which grows every where veryreadily from cut- tings, or stakes stuck into the ground, It bears large yellow flowers in plenty, but appears never to bring any seed to perfection, and such a thing as a seedling waru- plant is unknown. lt is not found wild in primeval forest, Called in Malay Baru, Marsden, page 81, Hibiscus Similis. Waru-laut, the sea-waru. A variety growing neaf the sea-shore. Hibiscus Tiliaceus. Warung, a shop, a stall or booth for selling articles of food or of dress, or any other goods. A market which has not the privileges of a regular pasar, but where the people meet once a week for the purposes of petty trade, Marsden gives,at page àl, Barong, a stall, booth, little shop. Wasajan, fair, impartial. Neither leaning to one party nor the other. Wasayat, Arabic, testament, last will, precept, mandate. Disposal of property before death. Waswis, officious, wanting to do every thing. Saidof a man who officiously pokes him- self forward. Wat, a particle extensively used but difficult to translate, and has some affinity to the Singhalse Wat, C. 618, whichis a particle of opinion and doubt, or, either: whether; but in Sunda always precedes the word with which it is connected, whilst in Sin- ghalese it is suffixed, Wat nad, how comes that! how can that be? Aridititah wat ngaliyéuk bat, and when he is ordered he only stares about him. Wattopeupeuli ka kami, he really did not tell me. Wat panjang iyo ma, hello this one is long. Watang, the beam of a pair of scales. A balance beam. The shaft of a spear. Any straight pole applied to any use. Watara, probably, to judge from appearances, apparently. Watara na bai, hanto dak méré, to judge from appearances he does not intend to give any. Watard hadé dlui AND ENGLISH. 531 artì di omé, it will probably be good again if taken care of. This word appears to be a derivative ofthe Malay word Z'ara,equal, neither superior nor inferior, level ,— and thus to mean: an even chance. Zura at present in Sunda only means: even, flat, without slope. Watas, a limit, a boundary, a bourn. Watas Bantan, the boundary of Bantam. Datang ka watas umur, arrived at the bourn of life. Ulah ngaliwat watas, do not go beyond the limit. Watasan, to give limits to, to assign limits. To assign a limit which must not be exceeded, Watir, doubt, uncertainly. Watir na nudi pikiran, it is the uncertainly which we think about. The word is, however, most frequently heard as Kawatir, which see. Watu, a stone, more usually called Batu. Watu, a word used in certain forms of Jampé, and which means: near, close by. Prob- ably from Batu, a stone, which does not move. See Suku. Watu, name of a plant grown in humahs for the sake of the seed, from which a burning oil is made. Sesamum Indieum. Called in Malay Wiénor Bijin, Marsden, p. 59, which is very likely the word Bt in Malay, seed, seeds, with initial B converted into W, and the final Z and an elided into én as Bijv-an = Wijén. See Sahiji. Wawaléhan, to speak the plain truth. To speak undisguisedly. To tell the unvarnish- ed truth. Wawang'én, scents, substances which have a sweet odour, Perfumes, cosmetics. De- rived fróm the Javanese or Malay word Wang'ú, fragrant, which in this simple form is hardly used in Sunda. Wawang'unan, an addition to a house, Accommodations made for guests at a feast, by running up extra temporary buildings. Wawar, news of something. The news received that something must be done. Derived from Uar, which see. Wawarang’an, to make an agreement between parents to marry their children. Wawaréhan, some getting and some missing. Partially successful, As if Saward, or only a part of the people could get. Wawariyan, said on occasions of festivals, when the great feast is over, to continue for a day or two a partial festival so as not to cease all at once,and thus to use up all the eatables. Wawayang, the lock of a gun. Wawëuh, to know, to be acquainted with any person or thing. Aung to wawtuh ka jé- léma éta, L do not know that person. Zangkal na to wawtuh, I do not know that tree, Wawil, diffieult to get arrangements made, Said when a person is sent about from one place or person to another, and still matters cannot come right. Humbugging. Ari bogah pérkara di kantor tangtu wawil âmat, if you have anything to do with govern- ment offices, you are sure to have lots of bother. 532 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Wayah, period, time, moment. Wayah kiwari, at this present moment, at this time of day. Euklur wayah kumaha, about at what time. Wayah also means, fit and proper time or season. Appropriate, suitable. Zachan daik wayah, the fit season has not yet come. _Wayah na bai, it was to be expected; I will put up with it; its time had come. Wagah, CQ. 622, age, time of life. Wayang, a native exhibition of scenic puppets. The exhibition always takes place hy lamp-light, and arrangements are so made that the shadow of the puppets is thrown upon a screen of white cloth behind which the Dalang or exhibitor sits and recites some ancient romance of which the puppets are the dramatis personae. Probably de- rived from Wa, C. 634, wind, breeze, and Hyang, divinity, see voce. Thus the wind- god, indicating the transitory nature of the scenic representations. Wayang, name of a volcano south of Bandong. Wayu, the toddy drawn from the kawung-palm. A word used only by the Badui of south Bantam. Called also P&u-éung. Wayu-hyang, a character in the Manék Maya, see Raffles, vol. 2, Appendix. A great warrior, from the washing of whose body the dog Bélang Wayung Hyang was made, vide voce. Wayu, C. 638, air, wind, the air of the body. Hence also Batara Bayu, the God of wind. Has the Javanese Wayang, or scenic representations, got its name from this personage, as the figures shown upon the screen have no reality, but are only shadows, and perhaps thus compared to the air or wind? Wéduk, impenetrable, which cannot be pierced, what no weapon can cut. _Invulnerable. Whenever a scoundrel sets up in opposition to Government authority, or makes a rebellion, he always hopes to delude the simple native, and for that purpose pretends to be Wéduk or invulnerable, or that no weapon can cut him nor shot wound him, in which he easily succeeds and gets a concourse of people after him. Bétuwah in Malay answers to this Weéduk, Wédus, a goat. See Embé. W éh, alas! Weêkél, persevering, working with energy; steadfast, resolute. Wél, the idiomatic expression for gulping or swallowing greedily. Wel bat ku anjing, the dog gulped it up. WEl bai di paju, he guzzled it up. Wêlang, Persian, Marsden, page 45, piebald, streaked black and white Orat welang, the pie-bald snake; a snake with rings round the body alternately black and white. Very polsonous. Wéëlas, to rebound, to spring back, to go over again. Weê&las, an idiomatic expression in counting between 10 and 20, corresponding to the English teen or Dutch tien, It is also called and pronounced Blas, which see. The word has probably its origin in Wèlas, to rebound, or rather togo over again, to re- peat, — as when the native had counted to 10, he had gone over the fingers of both hands, and to go further, was forced to repeat the operation, which he designated AND ENGLISH. 533 by IWèlas, sa-wiêlas, one repetition, dud-wêlas, two repetitions, etc. This system of having a separate designation for every 10 is continued in the numbers between 20 and 30. see Likur. Weêlasan, in the teens, —among the numbers 11/19, Weêëlasan, a spring, a bent stick which will rebound. Weëlëd, to plough sawahs for the second time. See Ngëwëlëd, Weêléh, unable to succeed. Tried in vain. To no purpose. Wiléh di hadéan, L am unable to succeed in mending it. W&léh di omongan, L have tried in vainto talk him over. Wêléh di tagi, to dun in vain. Weélëng, a spear shot off by the reverberation of a piece of wood or bambu, such spear being often a piece of sharpened bambu. A spear or sharpened stick to be shot away by a spring. Wéra, the shoe-flower plant, called also K&mbang sapatu, because the flower, which is red, when rubbed on leather blackens it, as if done with regular blacking. Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis. Weêrat, the same as Wrat, which see. Weêrëgu, a variety of dwarf palm, with fan leaf. Same as Wargu. Wêérga, a term of nobility, especially usedin Pantuns. A chief, a noble-man. Warga, C. 625, a class, a tribe, a nation. Wéësi, iron, the same as Béusi. In the ancient history of the Sunda districts, with re- ference to Pajajaran, mention is made of a Kandang W&si, iron cage into which Banyak Wédi, the head of the Pandis or blacksmiths, enticed his father Munding wangi, and then shut him up in it, and flung the whole into the South sea, at a place which then obtained the name of Kandang Wist, but which is not now found on the maps; Raffles, vol. 2, page 98. Wétan, the east, eastern. Waitala, C. 673, morning, day-break. The Sunda word may be this word with the final l& dropped and the Polynesian an substituted inits place, thus meaning the place of day-break. In New Zealand Wita is light, which appears as if were the etymon of the Sunda Wetan, or had a common origin with Waitala, Weéurëéuh, intoxicated, poisoned. Rendered senseless by eating something pernicious. Lauk na di tuwa wiurtuh, the fish became senseless from the application of tuwa. Wêweég, strong and secure. Substantial. Dangdanan wiwig, substantial construction. Wi It may: be worth whileto give here from Clough's Singhalese Dictionary, page 641, the meaning of his particle, as it frequently occurs not only in Sunda, as in the few examples here found, but also in proper names when derived from Sanscrit. „Wi is a particle and prefix implying varety, difference; certainty, ascertainment; privation ; mo- tion, progress; intensity; excellence; separation, disjunction; aversion, repugnance; impatience, intolerance; joy, gladness; defectiveness, deterioration; distance; presence, before; ignorance. lt generally corresponds to the English adjuncts, a, ew, de, dis, in, un, and is frequently an expletive”. 534 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Wida-ah, instructions, orders. Widana, asubordinate officer ofthe old native government of Bantam. The word Widono is still very common at the East end of the Island of Java for district-chiefs; but these in the Sunda districts are called Dëmang. Widana, C. 647, the vidan of a vil- lage; the person who conveys the orders of government to the people. Widani, the probable etymon of the Chidani or Chisidani, which rises on the Buitenzorg mountains, and enters the sea near Onrust. It micht be a feminine form of Widana, or the fruit called WWidani, a specimen of which was shown in the Batavia exhibition of 1853 as coming from Banyuwangi, but Lhave never been able to hear of the plant in the Sunda districts. See Chidani. Widang, to stretch a fresh hide by means of sticks or a frame of sticks, so that it may dry well stretched out. Widi, C. 647, a name of Vishnu; also a name of Brahma. Destiny, fortune. Probably from Wida, C. 647, knowledge, intellect, understanding. Crawfurd gives Widi, exalt- ed, sublime, An epithet of the chief god of the Javanese in the time of Hinduism, and now applied to the deity. Séngyang Widi, the Supreme Deity. Wijaya, victoriows. A very common affix to Javanese names of rank, as Suta Wijaja, Krama Wijaya, and many more. Wijaya, C. 644, from Wi, implying intensity, Jaya, victorious, victory, triumph, conquest. A name of Arjuna, and frequently also ap- plied as an appelative. Wikara, occurs only in proper names. Wikara, C. 641, making gestures. Indicative of sentiment by gesture. > Wilangan, count, tally, reckoning. The same as Bilangan. To hasup wilangan, it is not taken into account. Wilayat, companions, assistants, coadjutofs. People under our authority, whom we can order. Wilët, to surround, to encompass. To get about so as to catch or defeat. Wilis, name of a high mountain between Keédiri and Madion, and said to imply: demon, goblin. Probably of the same etymology as Wilissanawa, C. 658, to grin, to show the teeth, thus the Grinner, Wilis in Javanese is also Green, — but in a coun- try where all mountains are alike green with vegetation, such a name is hardly a distinction. Wikis, in Bali, is the name of a Buta or goblin. Bat. Trans, vol. 22, page 43. Ì Windu, name of a cycle of years formerly in use, but now only retained to express any indefinite number of years. There were WWindus of 5 and of 120 years, and of also several intermediate numbers. See Java Almanac for 1854 for extensive details. Sia lamun di chêlukan kudu sabraha windu manan datang, if youare sent for, in how ma- ny windus do you chose to come? Kudu ngadagoäün sabraha windu talrun, how mauy cycles of years must Ï wait for it? — said when a matter is considered hopeless. Wira, a word frequently occurrying in the composition of proper names, and means a AND ENGLISH. 535 hero. Wira, C. 667, a hero, a warrior, a champion. Wira Singa, the heroic lion. Wira-saba, the ancient name of the country where Majapahit stood, in the present re- sidency of Surabaya, now called Alofokerto, and Mojo agung. Wira,a hero, and Sada, C. 707, an assembly, a company,— an assembly of heroes. Wiraga, flowers or ornamentsstuck ina woman’s hair. Wi, OC, 641, intensitive, Raga, C. 589, affection, love, desire, lust. Thus something to excite love, to captivate those who see her. Clough, page 656, gives Wiraga, as the absence of passion or desire; indifference, with the WW1 in the sense of indifference, but our Sunda word evidently means Wi intensitive, vide Wi. Vide Chuchunduk, Wirang, shame, a sense of dishonour, ashamed, Wiru, name of a variety of dwarf palm, Licuala Elegans. The young tender leaf-shoots are used to ornament angklungs. Wisa, poison, venom. Poisonous, venomous. Wisha, C. 661, and Wisa, U, 663, de- rived from Wisa, to pervade, poison, venom. Wisaya, artifice, charm. Wi, intensitive, Saga, C. 714, sleep, sleeping. Our Wisaya thus probably originally meant, by the influence of sleep, by lulling to sleep. Wisésa, heard in the words Séngyang Wisésa, a supernatural hower, a divinity. Sèsha er Sésa, C. 764, Ananta, the king of the serpent race. Wistsha, also occurs in Clough, page 660, derived from Wi smplying discrimination, Sisha, to attribute or distinguish by attributes; sort, kind, manner; difference; individual or specifie identity and consequent distinction from every other individual or species. A limb, a member. Wiséshya, C, 660, an epithet, an attribute; principal, primary, chief, Séngyang Wisésa will thus imply: principal or chief godhead. See Séngyang.— Wisésa is still considered as the chief divinity of the Badui people in South Bantam, Wiwilangan, apparently, perhaps. Judging from the look of the thing. Wolanda, Dutch; Holland. Kapal Wolanda, a Dutchship. Adat Wolanda, Dutch cus- toms. Pulang ka Wolanda, to go back to Holland. — Every thing European is called Wolanda, without exactly caring whether it really comes from Holland or not. Nangka Wolanda, the Soursop, Anona Mauricata, originally introduced from the West Indies, by the Dutch, and hence so called. Wong, person, man. This word is properly Javanese and not Sunda. It is however, frequently heard in the expression, Sing wong bai, any man the first, the hest. Any man at random. Wong-atua, the old people. Father and mother. Parents. In Javanese Wong, per- son, Tuwo or tua, old. Wong-sanak, relations, relatives. Any family connexion. Wong, person, Sanak, relation. Wrat, or Wérat, a short way of pronouncing Wêurat, heavy. The word Wrat is used by goldsmiths when speaking of the weisht of silver or gold. Wrat sa pansmat, of the weight of a Spanish dollar. Wudu, incompetent, notable, impossible, Quite out of the powerof. Entirely destitute. 536 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE Out of the question. Jellma na wudu jasah, the man is most wretchedly poor. Mas tak wudu, it will make it quite impossible. Wujuk, ceaxing, flattery, chousing. Di wwuk, to coax, to flatter. Wulu, the same as Wulu, a hair of the body. Wulu, to perform ablution before prayers. Wulusan, in Kawi: water, Roorda van Eysinga. Wuluan, having hair on the body. Possessed of property. Wulung, black. Awt wulung, thesameas Awi hidtung, the black bambu, from its colour, a useful bambu. Bambusa nigra. Wulung is black in Javanese. Wun, destitute, in miserable circumstances. Jél&ma na wun sakali, the man is perfectly destitute. Probably the same as Wun, CG. 476, broken, fractured, torn, rent. Wungku, the circle round a sieve, or flat basket, made of bambu or split wood. The circle which distends the sieve. Wungkul, entire, whole, solely, Paré na nu nyésa, Wungkul hade bai, the paddy which remains, is entirely good. Sa-paro iyowungkul ajang sia, this half is entirely for you. Wuruk, di wuruk, to gef information or instruction. Wurung, also Burung, which see. Not carried through, abandoned; given up before it is completed. Abortive. Coming to nothing. Pagawéan éta jadi wurung, that work has been given up as a bad job, has come to nothing. Wurungan, name of a common bush with white floral leaf, and small red flower. Mu- saenda Glabra. Also called Kingkilapan, which see. Called Wurungan, that which mis- carries, which comes to nothing, from an ancient saga connected with the story of the Tangkuban Prahu. So called from its white floral leaves having deceived those who were damming up the Chitarum river in the Preanger Regencies. They aban- doned their work in dispair, which is still supposed to beseen in the Séngyang Tikoro. Wurungkën, to cause to be abortive, to cause to come to nothing, to disappoint, to abandon. To render abortive, to nullify, to annul. Wuta, oceurs in a certain form of Jampé, and means: not to be known, hidden. It is evidently a modification of the Malay word Buta, blind. See Suku and Buta. Wuwuluh, the barrel part of a gun, considered as separate or apart from the stock. Wuwung, and Wuwungan, hattup used in roofing, and overhanging or overlapping at top, or on the ridge pole, so as to cover it in. ‘The whole apparatus hatlups, injuk, ropes and prods on a ridge-pole are called Tongkob. Wuwunyi-éun, worms in the bellies of animals, especially of horses. Said when an animals guts growl. Derived from Bunyi, to sound, to make a noise. MN. Ya, yes, a vulgar affirmative. Yahudi, Arabic, a Jew, Israelite. Jewish. Yaisun, I, the personal pronoun of the first person. Properly Javanese; heard in Jampés. AND ENGLISH. D37 Yakin, Arabie, evident, certain. Clear to every one. Yakob, arabic, jakob. Yakti, certain, assuredly, without doubt. Yakti perjanjian nana, his promise was clear and certain. Yama, C. 569, the regent of death and the final judge of the actions of men. He cor- responds in many particulars with the Grecian god Pluto, and the judge of hell Minos. He holds his court in Patala, but decides only on doubtful characters, for according tothe Buddhist system, eviland virtue reward themselves, so thata decidedly vicious character at the hour of death goes direct to Narakadi, and a virtuous one to Swarga , without any reference to Yama, his office being only to determine the fate of cases where both vice and virtue have prevailed. Yang, the same as Hyang, which see. Yasa, the word occurs in the composition of proper names. Yasa, OC. 512, fame, glory celebrity; good, excellent, worthy, brave, well. Wanayasa, in Karawang. Vide voce. Yatim, Arabie, an orphan. Yënéwér, geneva, gin. The Dutch word Jenever. Yogya, fit, proper, becoming. Fogya, C. 577, suitable, fit, proper, becoming. A cal- culator of expedients. A vehicle, or any conveyance. See Payogya-an. Yuda, contest, war. Occurs in the composition of proper names. Yuda, C, 575, war, battle, conflict. Yuna, right, certain, undoubtedly. Yusup, arabic, joseph. Yuta, a million, the number 1.000.009. Yuta, C. 576, a multitude, a collection, a herd. Ayuta, C. 45, ten thousand. The Hindu or Sanscrit numerals, on being adopted into the languages of the Archipelago, have mostly received a modified meaning. Craw- furd, in hìs Dissertation on the affinities of the Malayan languages, vol., (page 58, has the following pertinent remarks: „Itis remarkable of the Sanserit numerals introduced into Malay and Javanese, that the higher numbers are misapplied. ‘Fhus Laksa, which is ten thonsaud, ought tobe a hundred thousand, and Káti, in Sanscrit Koti, which ought to be ten millions, is only a hundred thousand. Futa, iftaken from the Sans- erit word Ayuta, although representing a million, ought to be sten thousand” only, but taken from the less obvious source Miyuta, it is correct. I submitted the list of Panscrit numerals in Javanese to my friend Professor Wilson, and although he cannot immediately identify some of the higher numbers, he is of opinion that the whole are of Hindu origin.” . | ps ij = mn dd Ì N AN 9 4 d w - | N £ Nl \ ] ad Ko nk haf, ' Er Ep b EU Te 3 ij DDA ' TEE EOF k El Nt … ze „t À, Jee î / 8 mt B i ; resteert Ninwer Deen A. Col: must be Cal. Rev. means Calcutta Review. on same line 184 must be 1854. ne 0 »„ Mutalib, must be Muttalib. under Abdi Bantan. twice over — Bantam. on te death — the death, Sundun — Fundun. Jugyakarta — Jugjakarta. in note 6 Second line Born — borne. | Agama Auda — Buda. Y was invited — E was etc. Ajam — Ajang. hala — Chala. Palosari — Pulosart. Sourabaja — Sourabaya. Daun Aksara — the anictochilus of Botany. A kind ofi fly — of fly. Jugyukarta — Jugjakarta, Bantan — Bantam. on last line of page in note”— not be tasted by the Sterns of Paddy — the stems of Paddy. suit the taste of. to slay in one's course — to stay. the same as te Javanese — as the Javanese, angot — angot. Jampe's — Jampés. Carry to far — Carry too far. exspect — EeXPECt. Awi-awi — only one Awi. Benjawak and Menjawak to be written Benya- wak and Menyawak. In mariner's, spell with large M. Mariner's, name of the author. the fall of majapahit, spell with large M, name of a place. main bala — main Balla, to dance. drawn of work — drawn oft work. Banga — Banca. and ar — and are. devidently — evidently. voce Baron, proyo — properly. its last end — its Kast end. insert between Buyut and Changeul, the fifth term Baul. call the 14 — call the 4th which is Bauh omit- ted in the text. an umbrella of ancient times — ofancient times. Sapa — Saipan. Béng'ong — Béng'ong. Binw-angan — Binwangan, without hyphen. peper etc. — Paper. Surrounded — Surmounted. Sacred relies — Sacred relics. . little blad of iron — blade of iron. Baja — Bhaja, in an English work must be written Baya, and Bhaya. in note Cuddhodana — Cuddhodana or Sud- dhodana. or trump — or hump. who exist — which exist. to spite out — to spit out, ulak — ulah. Fhe discus/of Wishun — Wishnu. a Chinesé wood — word. Voce Champa. ‘There is a petty state on Ce- lebes so called. Cangkudu — Bangkudu. Cang — Bang. Mountuineer — Mountmneers. IL. Page, Line. 81, 86, 90 ERRATA. Ceunang — Béunang. a bit of eut and stuck in — a bit of stiek cut and stuck in. for boiling water — for baling water. Tundem — Fundun. Geudul — Géndul. Jagapati — Jayapati. Devine — Divine. Dédéskön — Dédétkén. a slap at with — a slap at it with. Angkulungs — Angklungs. the 12 part — the 12t%, Achad — Ahad. Bubutos — Bubutus. Duminian — Dumini, an insect etc. lappels — lappets. water-way-tail — water-wag-tail. Kanggton — Ranggiong. Command Ganesa — Command of Ganesa. whether om — whether our. bundel or — Bundle on. oneven — uneven. tick — thick. Relatives — Relatively. Fwisting a round — twisting it round. omitted here *” Garitan”, a row of anything planted, as of Coffee trees or vegetables. after between’, omitted- a man. 22 omit— »unwilling, unless on hard terms to comply, trouble, intricate”— surplus-age, as the meaning is properly given in the next | sentence, ganmes — rames, gendeng — gédéng, Gégél — Gégél. which ean smoked — which can be smoked. flatter — flatten. doigts — doits. Kapananggi — Kapanggi. fresch — fresh, Belongs to you — belongs not to you. lenght — length. grod — good. artide — article, Page, 141, 5, 17 provoking — provokingly 147, 148, 150, » 59, 56, Line. 4 Strenght — twice over — must be “Strength”, 32 adopted — adapted. 18 Short — sort. 90 bause — cause. 32 uda-anudan — uda-an — udan. 29 hous — house. 5 (Dutch) please omit this word — it has no meaning here. 23 Ja — Ta. 20 0} Religion — Religious. to — too, pear — pier. in audiblycharms — inaudibly; charms. heer — heel. 37 26 Jaga — Jaya. Mayilagova — Mayilagoya. oli — oil, 25 al — all. de) 29, 30, 81, 32, Jawana, four times over must be, Yawana. 83 Jonia — Ionia. 9 Jali — Tali. 23 Jöjég, to stampdown, to trample down with violence with the foot, the stamp on. See Jëjak. 23 after “Stamp on” must come an entirely new word. Jejes, correct, in order, with accura- ey. (And then will follow the quotation given in the text) Asana jöjögamat di bilang téa, well L counted it perfectly correct. 30 smamps — swamps. » fith — pitch. d ass — as. 19 the Demang — the late Demang. Jarnat — Jauat. ave — are. Diealyt — Dicalyx. Atropha — Jatropha made — make. acinella — acmella. to long — too long. Jungkkêölkén — Jungkëlkén. sensellamess, ecious — senseless, malicious. elerek — clerk, ERRATA. Line, 28 to bad — too bad. oa — or. of the corners — or the, tatch — thatch. COV — C00. baned — barred in. teh — the. party — part. breast-place — breast-plate. to long — too long. is also Suraléh — is also called Snraléh. From Poe, night — From Po-ék dark, Therefore — there for. edited — caused by holy men. add the mother — and the mother. Katukang, last year, any indefinite past time ka, to; Tukang, behind. O Kediri — of Ködiri. Alluded and envy — alluded to and envy. a full stop after “wallows in.” Kélor, must be Kélor. ertra — extra. whedle — wheel. edge of knife — edge of a knife, used a generic — used as generic. melted (a second time) — superfluous. or ing — or ning. who produces — which produces. obsolute — absolute. Joke — Yoke, Labito — Labiata. Lèbar must be Lébar, an open account. Enggonna lëgah, the spot is roomy, Liang na lëgah, its hole is wide. Lémbang — Lêmbing. Lémbong — Lempong. Lng — Lèng. en — and. Probrbly — Probably. Briks — Bricks, Loba — Lobah. to much — too much. other — others. verbale — verbal. Page, 262, RO NO B Sj let OO OO pn OO 5 NINE or arabie — or Arabia. east — Hast. fel eenvy — feel envy. Kalêr — Kalér, Chibéran — Chiberang. mata kaju — kayu. twon — town. originolhy — originally. with the closed — with the eyes closed, Bread — Bead. flesch, (twice over) must be flesh, ueh — such. Polydhema — Polyphema. Praying — paying. filled — fitted, no tot — not to. to deep — too deep. to beot and tep — to beat and tap. Read — Red, amany ilan — any animal, To nja-ah — Lo nya-ah, Nyadak — nyadok, jnya — inya. Rujuk — Ruyuk. glaneed of — elanced off, Nyeyag — Nyégag. Sakéudang — Sakëudöung. there fanning — then fanning. to take of — to take care of, Banchat — Banchét, all my teeth are shake — all my teeth shake, te hoe — the hoe. Pyamangèun — Pijamangëun, smak — smack. From a Paksa — from Paksa. Jugjokarta — Jugjakarta. Pakuw-on — Pakuwon. ywould — 1 would, te some — to some. mohal di bijil — mohal to bijil, ossociation — association, any tree branches — any true branches, to his form — to this form, Panëlër — Panéëtë 5 ke) [)) 390, 391, 5 n SI BO 7 396, SO 398, 309, 400, 401, 402, ERRATA. see Petah —- Bêtah. Pang'-yogya-an Pang'ayogya-an. Shorting up — Shooting. Pangsar — Pangsor. His not in use — 1t is not, fellow — follow. Ashna — (öshna. 7 Phu — Bhu. Paraman —- Paranan. No. 69 smut Lutung — Imut Luutung. No. No. offices 72 Ayiruan — Nyiruan. 111 Naga wuling — Naga wulung. affixes. a know ledged — acknowledged. 3709 — 870.9. with with — with - only once. year when — omit year. Pénta — Pénta. dried an — dried and. into a small — into small. the bril has burst — the boil. di lumber — di lumbur. Ostrus — (östrus. in het — in the. Franschman — Fransman. the globural — globular. Karuan, it is — Karuan, if If 18, globium — glabrum. between Kastern and Purwana, insert a full stop. Colurnix — Coturnix. Rarang — Parang. Ragët — Ragëm. Rachëuk — Rahéuk. Kêlu — Kétu. Pair — Rai. a bridle; bit — a bridle-bit. Rochong — Pochong. deëui — déëu1. Kadujo — Kadiyo. Vinena — Viverra. He figured — He is figured. In some place — places. Régangen — Rérang' un. Rep — Rép. Page, 403, 404, 108, 410, öl Di ayakan — di ajakan. hanging or grass — on grass. Furopean's — Kuropeans. Rungkapan — Rungkupan. nadi rupa — na to rupa. the great river — “the Great River.” Satija — Satya. insertagain Sadur, to lay — the dust, when un- der cover. as in & verandah, by pouring water on the ground and mixing up with it fresh but- faloe dung, so as to make & smootk compact surface when dry. Sunda is watu — Sunda watu. to any forevidence — to any one forevidence. the whole total — the whole, total. long be in — long been in. 3 a considerable ommision in the text is here made, as in the M. S, there followed Polynesian. “Though Salaka sounds to the ear Sanscritie, it does not occur in this sense in Clough’s Dic- tionary, lt may, however, be derived from Sa, with, by means of — and Laka, C. 602, As if the Hindus had used it as a Joken in trading with the Islanders. a mark, a sign. and therefore gaveit a name implying rather its use, than the real Sanserit word for silver’? Séwel — Séwu. Sambërilen — Sambéërilén. for feet — four feet, our Sanggapan no doubt means — where the water is caught on coming out of the water course, in the Sal — is the Sul, Chi Chirian — Chidurian. Sanin èn — Sanintén. an ought — and ought, dilemna — dilemma. Saranya — Sarauja. taluës — talëus. yong — young, woman — women. lothes — clothes. cut of short — cut off, Péku — Puku. 20 Sa-péku — Sa-puku. ERRATA: Page, Line. Page, Line. 438, 32 Péudém — Péndém, 481. 3 Ciobium — Cybium, 441, 1 Sepak — Sépak. » 9 Litseea — Litscea. » 11 old an — old and. 483, 14 at it is — as, 445, 15 Chinang — Chimaug. » 80 Maly — Malay. 416, 5 Si-au — Si-anu. 488, 27 Tégër — Tégér. » 19 Spont — Spout. 489, 1 Têkad — Tékad. 417, 6 Mydans — Mydaus. » 2 Töka-téka — Féka-téka. » 22 Sadija — Sadiya. » 18 dyo — diyo. 451, 9 will behaved — well, 491, 20 njabrang — nyabrang. 452, 24 animalinm — animali. 494, 29 bydrop — bydrops. » 28 foot — shoot, 496, 11 Findinyo — Lidinyo. » 37 thred — Shred. 497, 16 upik — upih, 453, 35 last — East. 498. 14 ai — di, 456, 39 utined — united, » 21 Fingali — TFing'alí. » 40 han — than. |_» » Fingaliau — Ling'alian. 458, 22 Kalukang — Katnkang. » 84 department — deportment. » 25 to impnrity — to impurify, 499, 39 Njatu: — Nyatu. 460, 21 Lela — Leea, 500, 10 Suger-cane — sugarscane, 462, 1 jajong — jagong. 501, 13 Tojérkén — Tojérkén, n 9 Sumbawa — Sambawa, 502, 3 globural — globular, » 84 Sédu — Sèdu., » 16 ridge, poles — ridge poles. 466, 9 Sungked — Suugkéd, 505, 31 ritis — rites, » 10 to pute — to put. 506, 5 tukuréun — tuhuréun: » 84 Jadi — Fadi, 508, 30 Joi — vi. 467, 28 rehidence — residence. 513, 10 to trop — prop. 468, 2 into into — omit one into, » 8t Turup tolos — TFurub, » 6 periodsh — periods. 517, 19 an — and, 471, 4 allay — alloy. » 85 to crave — carve, » 25 mêle — mêlé. 520, 25 Hunu — Huntu. 472, 35 nahau — nahan. 522, 83, St — urat — urut. 474, 10 Casion. The Etymon of this word willbe Ké- | 525, 10 Tadah — Wadah, bir, Arabic Great mighty (as applied to God.) » 15 to rise — use. The words are misplaced under Falahab. 526, 10 Wakija — Wakya. 475, 4 This whole line is bere misplaced, and ought tof 528, 2t Wana — Vana. be under Takbir. 532, ó Wayah — Waya. 476, 4 spring — String. 584, 17 Victoriows — Victorious. 478, 21 Njombsngan — Ngombongan, 535, 17 hower — power. dd E É 5 ENE ï hs Er br bi: e 1 NKK | MCZ ERNST Mayr LIBRA OT P) e n , E e - 7 … . ed erenes EE Ede wies ge ee Ed guegeven eren