THE WALPOLE SOCIETY
THE SEVENTH VOLUME
OF
THE WALPOLE SOCIETY
MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR THOMAS BODLEY IN THE CHAPEL OF MERTON COLLEGE, OXFORD. 1615.
<v
THE
SEVENTH VOLUME OF THE
WALPOLE SOCIETY
EDITED BY
A. J. F I N B E R G
si 73
it, to
OXFORD
1 1. POLE SOCIETY BY FREDERICK HALL f ( Y PRESS
MOVEMENT TO S«S ' HOKAS 8f'tsi.« » •« I'M . , ,
THE ,
SEVENTH VOLUME OF THE
• .
WALPOLE SOCIETY
EDITED BY
A. J. F I N B E R G
ISSUED ONL Y TO SUBSCRIBERS
508473
16
OXFORD
PRINTED FOR THE WALPOLE SOCIETY BY FREDERICK HALL AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1919
'This country, which does not always err in vaunting its own productions.'
HORACE WALPOLE'S Anecdotes of Painting in England.
N
12
v.7
THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF LYTTON
(Council:
BARLOW, SIR G. A. MONTAGUE,
M.P.
BATHURST, THE EARL, C.M.G. BELL, R. ANNING, A.R.A. CAW, JAMES L. CLAUSEN, GEORGE, R.A. *COCKERELL, SYDNEY C. CONWAY, SIR MARTIN CUST, LIONEL, Litt.D., C.V.O.
DlBDIN, E. RlMBAULT
*FINBERG, A. J., Hon. Secretary *GIRTIN, THOMAS
GOULDING, R. W., F.S.A.
GRAVES, ALGERNON, F.S.A.
HARDIE, MARTIN
HARVEY, MARY F. S.
HIND, MAJOR ARTHUR M.
HOLLIDAY, J. R.
HORNE, W. EDGAR, M.P.
HUGHES-STANTON, H., A.R.A.
HUGHES, C. E., Hon. Treasurer *!MAGE, PROFESSOR SELWYN, Chair- man
KNOWLES, SIR LEES, Bt, C.V.O. *LANE, JOHN
LEE OF FAREHAM, LORD, G.B.E., K.C.B.
LYTTON, HON. NEVILLE *NORMAN, PHILIP *OPPK, A. P.
PARKER, COL. JOHN W. R., C.B.
SHORT, SIR FRANK, R.A. *SPIELMANN, M. H., F.S.A.
TOWNSEND, W. G. PAULSON
VACHER, SYDNEY
WALKER, EMERY, F.S.A.
WILKINSON, MAJOR NEVILE R., C.V.O.
WILLIAMSON, G. C., D.Litt.
WILSON, SIR H. F., K.C.M.G.
* Members of the Executive Sub-Committee.
Applications for membership and all communications should be addressed to—
ALEXANDER J. FINBERG, Hon. Secretary,
47, Holland Road, Kensington, W. 14.
CONTENTS
THE NOTE-BOOK AND ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
BY WALTER LEWIS SPIERS
PAGE
LIST OF PLATES ix-xiv
PREFACE xv-xviii
INTRODUCTION 1-37
Notes on the Life of Nicholas Stone i
Nicholas Stone's Sons, Henry, Nicholas, and John . . 20
Nicholas Stone's Kinsmen 30
The de Keyser Family . ^ 31
Nicholas Stone's Assistants 33
The MS. Note-books in the Soane Museum . . . -35
THE NOTE-BOOK ' . 38-84
ACCOUNT BOOK ... 85-138
MONUMENTS ERECTED BY JOHN STONE . 138-143
THE WILL OF NICHOLAS STONE . . .... 144-147
INDEX OF NAMES 152-157
II
APPENDIX: DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR, 1638-1642 (Brit.
Mus. Harl. MSS., No. 4049) ... . 158-200
LIST OF PLATES
PLATE PAGE
Frontispiece. Mural Monument to Sir Thomas Bodley in the Chapel of
Merton College, Oxford, 1615 . . . facing Title I. Specimen page of the Account Book, Folio 22 . facing 35 II. Canopied Altar Tomb to Henry Howard, Earl of Northampton, 1615.
(a) Conjectural restoration of the monument, from a drawing
by C. H. Tatham.
(b) Effigy of the Earl of Northampton, now in the Chapel of
Trinity Hospital, Greenwich . . facing 38
III. Mural Monument to Thomas Sutton in the Chapel of the Charterhouse, London, 1615.
IV. Effigy of Thomas Sutton.
between
40 and 41
V. Mural Tablet to John Law in the Chapel of the
Charterhouse, 1615. VI. (a) Mural Tablet to Anne Bennet in York Minster, 1615.
(b) Mural Tablet to Thomas Anguish in the Church of St.
George at Tombland, Norwich, 1617.
(c) Canopied Monument to Sir Thomas Hewar in St.
Edmund's Church, Emneth, Norfolk, 1617-18.
(d) Mural Monument to Sir Henry and Lady Belasyse in
York Minster; 1615-16 « . . . . facing 42 VII. Mural Monument to Sir Roger and Lady Wilbraham in St.
Mary's Church, Hadley, Middlesex, 1616 . facing 44 VIII. Mural Monument to Sir Robert Drury, Kt, in All Saints'
Church, Hastead, Suffolk, 1617 . . facing 45
IX, Altar Tomb to Elizabeth Lady Carey in the Church of St.
Michael, Stowe, Northants., 1617-18 . facing 47 X. Mural Canopied Monument to Sir Charles Morison, j
Kt., in St. Mary's Church, Watford, Herts., between 1619. 48 and 49
XI. Marble Effigy of Sir Charles Morison, Kt. vn. b
LIST OF PLATES
PLATE PAGE
XII. (a) Mural Tablet to Sir Thomas Cornwallis, Kt., in St. Mary's
Church, Porchester Castle, Hants, 1619. (/;) Mural Tablet to Martha Palmer in St. Andrew's Church, Enfield, Middlesex, 1617.
(c) Stone Panel bearing the arms and name of Robert Wright,
D.D., dated 1605, in St. Andrew's Church, Sonning, Berks.
(d) Monumental Slab to William Curie in St. Etheldreda's
Church, Hatfield, Herts., 1617 (?) . . facing 52
XIII. Altar Tomb to Sir Nicholas and Lady Bacon in St. Mary's
Church, Redgrave, Suffolk, 1620 (?).
(a) Effigy of Sir Nicholas Bacon ; seen from above.
(b) Effigy of Lady Bacon ; seen from above.
(c) Altar Tomb to Sir Nicholas and Lady Bacon in St. Mary's
Church, Redgrave, Suffolk, 1620 (?) . behveen 52 and 53
XIV. (a) Mural Tablet to Dorothy Lady Gawdy in St. Mary's
Church, Redgrave, Suffolk, 1621 (?).
(b) Mural Monument to Edmund Spenser in Westminster
Abbey, 1620.
(c) Mural Monument to Sir George Holies in Westminster
Abbey, 1626 (?).
(d) Pedestal Monument to the Hon. Francis Holies in West-
minster Abbey, 1622 (?) . . . .- facing 54
XV. (a) Monument to Sir Edward Pinchon in All Saints' Church, Writtle, Essex.
(b) Mural Tablet to William Whettell in the Church of SS.
Peter and Paul, Ampton, Suffolk, 1629 (?).
(c) Mural Monument to Isaac Casaubon in Westminster Abbey,
1634.
(d) Mural Tablet to Sir Richard Coxe, Kt., in Westminster
Abbey, i624(?) facing 56
XVI. Canopied Tomb to Sir John and Lady Monson in the Church of St. John the Evangelist, South Carlton, Lincoln- shire, 1625 facing 57
XVII. (a) Mural Monument to Captain Thomas Higham in All Saints' Church, Wickhambrook, Suffolk, 1630.
(b) Mural Monument to Katherine Lady Paston in St. Margaret's Church, Paston, Norfolk, 1629.
(r) Mural Monument to Sir Edmund Paston in St. Margaret's
Church, Paston, Norfolk, 1633 . . . facing 58
LIST OF PLATES
XI
PLATE XVIII.
XIX.
PAGE
Altar Tomb to Sir George Villiers, Kt, and Mary Countess of Buckingham, in Westminster Abbey, 1631.
Canopied Mural Monument to Sir Charles Morison, Bart., and his wife in St. Mary's Church,
between
60 and 61
Watford, Herts., 1630.
XX. Marble Effigies of Sir Charles Morison, Bart, and his wife in St. Mary's Church, Watford, Herts., 1630. |
XXI. (a) Mural Monument to Sir Adam Newton in St. Luke's Church, Charlton, Kent, 1630.
(b) Mural Tablet to Dr. Orlando Gibbons in Canterbury
Cathedral, 1626.
(c) Mural Tablet to Dr. Hugo Barker in New College
Chapel, Oxford, 1632 . . . . facing 63
XXII. Mural Monument to Dr. John Donne in St. Paul's Cathedral,
London, 1631 facing 64
XXIII. (a) and (b) Mural Monument to Thomas Lord Knyvett and
his wife in St. Mary's Church, Stanwell, Middlesex,
1623 facing 65
XXIV. (a) Mural Monument to Sir Humphrey and Lady Lee in St.
Mary's Church, Acton Burnell, Salop, 1632.
(b) Effigies of Sir Humphrey and Lady Lee.
(c) Monument to Thomas Lord Knyvett and his wife in St.
Mary's Church, Stanwell, Middlesex, 1623.
(d) Mural Monument to Sir Thomas and Lady Palmer in
St. Mary's Church, Wingham, Kent, 1624 facing 66
XXV. (a), (b), (c), and (d) Mural Tablet to Sir Thomas and Lady Merry in St. Mary's Church, Walthamstow, Essex, 1633 ... .... facing 67
XXVI. (a) Mural Monument to Lady Katherine Paston in the Church of St. Nicholas, Oxnead, Norfolk, 1636 (?).
(b) Bust of Lady Katherine Paston.
(c) Mural Monument to Lady Knatchbull in St. John the
Baptist's Church, Mersham, Kent, 1626.
(d) Mural Monument to Sir William and Lady Stonehouse
in St. James's Church, Radley, Berks., 1633 facing 69 b2
Xll
LIST OF PLATES
PLATE PAGE
'XXVII. (a) Statue of Hercules from Oxnead. \
(b) Gateway to the Physic Garden, Oxford, 1632-33 { ^etiveen XXVIII. (a) and (b) Gateway to the Physic Garden, Oxford, j" 7° and I1
1632-33.
XXIX. Cornbury House, Oxon., [632-33.
(a) and (b) Two Ceilings. (c) South Porch.
(d) Hooded Chimney Piece facing 71
XXX. (a), (b), (c), and (d) Altar Tomb to Sir Richard and Lady Verney in the Private Chapel of Compton Verney House, Warwickshire, 1630 . . \ facing 72
XXXI. (a) and (b) Altar Tomb to Arthur and Elizabeth Coke in St.
Andrew's Church, Bramfield, Suffolk, 1634 facing 73
XXXII. (a) Mural Tablet to John and Thomas Lyttelton in the
Chapel of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1634.
(b) Altar Tomb to Sir Julius Caesar in St. Helen's Church,
Bishopsgate Street, London, 1636 . . facing 74
XXXIII. (a), (b), and (c) Canopied Altar Tomb to Lord and Lady
Spencer in St. Mary's Church, Great Brington, Northants., 1638 facing 75
XXXIV. (a) Mural Monument to Sir William and Lady Peyto in St.
Giles's Church, Chesterton, Warwickshire, 1639.
(b) Mural Monument to Sir Thomas Puckering in St. Mary's
Church, Warwick, 1639.
(c) Mural Monument to Sir Edward Coke in St. Mary's
Church, Tittleshall, Norfolk, 1638.
(d) Detail facing 76
XXXV. (a) Mural Monument to Dudley Carleton Viscount Dor- chester in Westminster Abbey, 1640.
(b) Effigy of Sir John Wolstenholme now in the New Church of St. John the Evangelist, Stanmore, Middlesex, 1641 facing 77
XXXVI. (a) Mural Tablet to Sir Richard Hutton in the Church of St.
Dunstan in the West, Fleet Street, London, 1640.
(b) Font in the Church of St. Andrew under Shaft,
Leadenhall Street, London, 1611.
(c) Font now in St. Margaret's Church, Westminster, 1641.
(d) Font now in the New Church of St. John the Evangelist,
Stanmore, ca. 1632 facing 78
LIST OF PLATES
xin
PLATE XXXVII.
PAGE
XXXVIII.
XXXIX.
XL.
XLI.
XLII.
XLIII. XLIV.
(a) Detached Pillar Monument to Mary Lady Digges in St.
Mary's Church, Chilham, Kent, 1631-32.
(b) Mural Monument to Sir Heneage Finch in St. Mary's
Church, Eastwell, Kent, 1632 . . . facing
(a) Effigies of Lord and Lady Fauconberg.
(b) Mural Monument to Sir Francis and Lady Barnham in St.
Peter's Church, Boughton Monchelsea, Kent, 1634.
(c) Mural Monument to Thomas Viscount Fauconberg and
Barbara Viscountess Fauconberg in St. Michael's Church, Coxwold, Yorks., 1632 . . facing
(a) Altar Tomb to Grisold Countess of Cumberland in All
Saints' Church, Londesborough, Yorks., 1631.
(b] Altar Tomb to Lionel Cranfield Earl of Middlesex and
of Anne, his second wife, in the Chapel of St. Benedict, at Westminster . . . facing
Kirby Hall.
(a) Entrance Archway from the Green Lane Court.
(b) North face of the great court .... facing
(a) Mural Tablet to Dame Jane Boys in the Church of SS.
Peter and Paul, Great Missenden, Bucks., 1638.
(b) Mural Tablet to Miles Armiger in the Church of St.
Withiburga, Holkham, Norfolk, 1639 . facing
(a) Mural Monument to Meriall Coke and others in the
Church of St. Withiburga, Holkham, Norfolk, 1639.
(b) Mural Tablet to Thomas Randolph in Holy Trinity
Church, Blatherwick, Northants., 1640.
(c) Mural Tablet to Thomas Baldwin in the Church of SS.
Mary and Peter, Berkhamsted, Herts., 1642.
(d) Mural Tablet to Sir Simon Baskerville in St. Paul's
Cathedral, London, 1642 . . . facing
(a) The Porch of St. Mary's Church, Oxford.
(b) Gateway at the Zuider Kerk, Amsterdam
Measured drawing of the Water Gate, York House, dated 1641. Probably by John Webb.
(a) The front elevation.
(b) Side view facing
86
90
98
119
120
127
facing 136
137
XIV
LIST OF PLATES
MONUMENTS ERECTED BY JOHN STONE
PLATE
XLV.
(a) Altar Tombs to Sir John and Sir Peter Osborne and
their wives in All Saints' Church, Campton, Bedfordshire, 1655.
(b) Altar Tombs to Jacob Baron Astley in All Saints'
Church, Maidstone, Kent, 1653 . . facing
XLVI. (a) Mural Monument to Edward Martyn in St. Mary's
Church, Putney, 1655.
(b) Mural Monument to Anna Lady Clarke in St. Andrew's Church, Sonning, Berks., 1654 . . facing
XLVI I. (a) Mural Tablet to Sir John Heigham in All Saints' Church, Barrow, Suffolk, ca. 1650.
(b) Mural Tablet to Lionel and Anna Bacon in St. Ethelbert's
Church, Hessett, Suffolk, 1653.
(c) Mural Monument to John and Elizabeth Cresswell in
St. James's Church, Newbottle, Northants., 1655.
(d) Mural Tablet to Sir John Williams in the Temple
Church, London, 1656 .... facing
XLVI 1 1. (a) Mural Tablet to Charles and Elizabeth Rich in St.
Andrew's Church, Sonning, Berks., 1657. (b) Monument to Sir Edward Spencer in St. Mary's Church, Great Brington, Northants., 1656 . . facing
XLIX. (a) Mural Tablet to Sir John Banks in Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, 1654.
(b) Mural Tablet to Tobias Blosse and his wife Elizabeth
in St. Mary's Church, Belstead, Suffolk, 1656.
(c) Mural Tablet to Elizabeth wife of Thomas Blosse in St.
Mary's Church, Belstead, Suffolk, 1656 . facing
PAGE
138
139
140
142
143
PREFACE
MR. WALTER LEWIS SPIERS — the author of the valuable monograph on the life and works of Nicholas Stone, which forms the seventh volume published by the Walpole Society — was born at Oxford on July 27, 1848. He entered Magdalen College School March, 1858, on his election to a Choristership at Magdalen College. Leaving the school in July, 1863, he went to King's College, London, to study engineering.
In 1866 he was articled to his elder brother, Mr. R. Phene" Spiers, and at the same time became a member of the Architectural Association. During his studentship he gained a First Prize in the Class of Design. He also served as Visitor of the Class of Design and Vice-President of the Association, and acted for some years as librarian. In 1868 he became a student of the Royal Academy, and from 1870 to 1880 he was in the office of Mr. Thomas Henry Wyatt and of his son, Mr. Matthew Wyatt, with whom he afterwards went into partnership. The exhibit of a design for a country house in Hampshire at the Royal Academy in 1886 under the names of Wyatt and Spiers must have been partly his work, although Mr. Algernon Graves, in his useful book on the Royal Academy Exhibitors, has classed the exhibit under the name of Mr. Phene" Spiers.
Mr. Walter Spiers was elected an Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1875, having passed the voluntary examination in Architecture in 1870 and gained a silver medal for measured drawings of Eastbury Manor House in 1873. In 1887 he was appointed District Surveyor for Charlton, Lee, and Kidbrooke under the Metropolitan Board of Works. He held this office also under the London County Council till his appointment in 1904 as Curator of Sir John Soane's Museum. He made an admirable curator. Thanks to his Indexing and Cataloguing labours much was done in the museum to render accessible to students the remarkable collection of architectural treasures which Soane had accumulated. He bestowed the greatest pains in editing the last edition (1910) of the Handbook, adding much valuable information. His extra- ordinary knowledge and patience were always placed ungrudgingly at the service of students and investigators. But his love and sense of responsibility for the collection which was placed in his charge made his position after the outbreak of the war a most exacting one. During the period of the German air raids on London he refused to take a holiday even for a single day, and neglected his usual summer vacation, so that he should be on the spot in case any untoward event should happen. This confinement and the anxieties of the
xvi PREFACE
time told seriously on his health, and after a short illness he died suddenly on May 28, 1917.
In his younger days Mr. Spiers had been a member of the Artists' Corps of volunteers. He rose to the rank of Captain and for some years held the post of musketry instructor, retiring with the honorary rank of Major.
He was a devoted member of the Church of England, and was closely associated with St. Andrew's Church, Wells Street. For eighteen months before his death he had acted as honorary Treasurer of the Church funds, and the finances of the Church benefited considerably by the unremitting care and attention he devoted to them. But the members of the Church valued even more highly the influence of his character and personality. He was a courteous and thoughtful man whose religion was the dominant factor in his life.
Much of his time as an antiquarian investigator was given to the subject of London topography. He possessed a series of ordnance maps of London which he had laboriously corrected to show not only the original streets and buildings but also old work which still remained. He was delighted to show these to investigators, and he thoroughly enjoyed discussing intricate problems connected with the identification of sites of old buildings. He was a member of the Council of the London Topographical Society, where his services were greatly appreciated. One of his first published papers in the London Topographical Records was a ' Note on an autograph plan of Whitehall by Wren ' (1903) ; other articles published in the same journal connected with this subject were, ' Notes on Illus- trations of the Royal Palace of Whitehall ' (1909), an ' Account of the View of the Palace of Whitehall from the River, 1683 ', and ' Explanation of the Plan of the Palace of Whitehall as prepared by the author ' (both published in 1912). Among Mr. Spiers's other articles in the London Topographical Records I may mention his 'Notes on the Diary of Narcissus Luttrell, 1675-1714' (1914), and a series of papers on ' Disappearing London ' in 1912-13, 1914, 1916, and 1917.
I do not know exactly when the idea of the present work on Nicholas Stone occurred to Mr. Spiers. I should think it was probably soon after his appointment to the Soane Museum, when he set himself to the task of studying and understanding the contents of the museum in order to bring out their usefulness to students. The amount of documentary research, of travelling, and of personal investigation involved in the work would have daunted almost any other man. Nor were there any prospects of material reward to encourage him. But neither the difficulties of the task nor the certainty that he would be out of pocket by his labours could deter him in his disinterested search for knowledge. He was a born savant, and I believe he loved the difficulties, the ardours, of research. For many years his holidays were devoted to journeys which had for their aim either the discovery or the first-hand study of Nicholas Stone's work. On all his journeys Mr. Spiers carried his own camera, so that
PREFACE xvii
the majority of the smaller illustrations published in the present volume have been made from his own photographs. He was an expert photographer, but in many cases the difficulties of obtaining satisfactory results, owing to the situation or bad lighting of the monuments, were almost insurmountable. In such cases even an imperfect pictorial record has been judged to be better than none.
When Mr. Spiers died in 1917 his manuscript was practically complete. But with his usual modesty he always expressed great mistrust of his own literary abilities. I well remember that when it was arranged — somewhere in 1915 — that the Walpole Society should publish the work, he gave me per- mission to alter and compress what he had written. But in passing the manuscript through the press I have availed myself only to a very slight extent of this permission. The style is the man, and Mr. Spiers's style bears all the characteristics which give value to his work as an investigator. It is clear, straightforward, unaffected, and as transparently sincere as his own beautiful character. He had no startling theories to propound. He shrank from controversy, for fear of wounding the feelings of others. He was just a humble- minded and patient seeker of information about the subject he had in hand, and his work gives a clear and precise account of the wealth of knowledge he had collected. His friends will desire nothing more than this. No doubt had he been spared to see his work through the press, it would have gained something in ease and finish from those final revisions which an author gives to his work. But as it is, he has done enough to earn the gratitude and command the admiration of all students of the history of English art during the period covered by Stone's activities.
With the exception of the omission of a few passages where the same information was repeated, and the correction of a few obvious slips, the manuscript is therefore printed as Mr. Spiers left it. Where additional facts have been brought to my notice by the author's fellow-workers or as a result of my own researches I have added brief notes which are plainly distinguished from Mr. Spiers's own notes. The index of monuments according to counties was prepared by Mr. Spiers ; I have revised this, and I have added the index of names ; I fear this is not quite exhaustive, but I hope it will be found useful. As the Stone manuscripts have not been accessible for the last twelve months it has been impossible to collate Mr. Spiers's transcript with the originals. I have, however, been able to clear up a few points which were left doubtful in the transcript as the manuscripts were brought from their hiding places just before this volume was going to press.
Mr. Spiers's monograph deals fully with all the works of Nicholas Stone which we have documentary evidence for attributing to him. It did not come within the scope of Mr. Spiers's labours to deal with any works which have
xviii PREFACE
been attributed to Stone for various reasons by other writers, but which were not referred to either by Stone himself in his note-book or account book, or by Charles Stoakes, his great-nephew. Students will therefore look in vain in Mr. Spiers's monograph for a discussion of the vexed questions which have gathered round these doubtful attributions. I am inclined to regret this omission, as his opinion on these matters would have carried great weight and would probably have been accepted as final by all serious students.
The most important of these doubtful attributions is undoubtedly the monument to Sir Francis Vere in Westminster Abbey. Vere died in 1608, so that the monument was probably executed before 1613, the date when Stone returned to England. Stone does not say that he executed this work, but he alludes to it in 1620, when he wrote in his note-book, ' My lord of Clar allso agreed with me for a monement for his brother Ser Gorges Holies the which I mad and sett up in the chapell at Westmester whar Ser Frances Var lieth bured for the which I was payed from the hands of the sayed Earell of Clare ioo£.' As Mr. Spiers pointed out in a review of Some Sculptured Works of Nicholas Stone, Statuary, by Mr. A. E. Bullock, published March, 1909, ' the wording of this note scarcely suggests that the Vere monument was executed by him' (Nicholas Stone). He considered that Mr. Bullock hacTprobably been misled by an index Vertue had made when the Soane manuscripts were in his possession, in which he seems to have assumed that what Stone said about the price paid for the Holies monument referred to the Vere monument. This was evidently a mistake on Vertue's part.
The monument to Robert Cecil, first Earl of Salisbury (who died in 1612), at Hatfield, has been attributed to Stone, on the strength of its similarity of motive to that of Sir Francis Vere. This attribution would be reasonable enough if there were any evidence to show that Stone was responsible for the Vere monument, but, as we have seen, there is none.
Other works which have been attributed to Stone on what Mr. Spiers regarded as insufficient evidence are, the monuments to Robert Kelway (who died in 1580) and Sir James Harrington, both in Exton Church, Rutland, the Janfield Tomb in Burford Church, the Suckling Tomb at St. Andrew's Church, Norwich, and the monuments to Sir Christopher Hatton in Westminster Abbey and to Sir William More in St. Nicholas' Church, Guildford.
My warmest thanks are due to Mr. Arthur T. Bolton, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A., the present Curator of the Soane Museum, for the kindness with which he has placed his wide knowledge and well-balanced judgement at my service on those occ;isions when I have appealed to him for assistance ; and to Mr. J. A. Herbert for his kindness in correcting the proofs of the Diary of Nicholas Stone, jun.
yd April, 1919. A- J- FIN BERG.
THE NOTE-BOOK AND ACCOUNT BOOK
OF
NICHOLAS STONE
MASTER MASON TO JAMES I AND CHARLES I
TRANSCRIBED AND ANNOTATED WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY
WALTER LEWIS SPIERS
F.S.A., A.R.I. B.A.
TOGETHER WITH AN APPENDIX CONTAINING A TRANSCRIPT OF THE DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNR. RECORDING THE VISIT OF HIMSELF AND HIS BROTHER HENRY TO FRANCE AND ITALY, IN 1638-1642:
(Blur. Mus. HARI.. MSS.. No. 4049)
OXFORD
PRINTED FOR THE WALPOLE SOCIETY BY FREDERICK HALL,
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1919
INTRODUCTION NOTES ON THE LIFE OF NICHOLAS STONE
ALTHOUGH no contemporary account of the life of Nicholas Stone exists, his name frequently occurs in manuscripts to be found in both public and private collections, owing to the importance and extent of the work executed by him, and to the fact that he held an official position under the Crown. Apart from his own manuscripts which are transcribed in this volume, the most important source of information is the series of note-books of George Vertue (1684-1756) in the British Museum (Add. MSS. 23068-23074). Vertue from the time of the commencement of his notes seems to have obtained information whenever possible from persons who had first-hand know- ledge of the artists about whom he wrote and of their work ; in the case of Nicholas Stone he derived it to a large extent from Charles Stoakes, a nephew, or grand-nephew, who came into possession of his note-books and other property on the death of John Stone, his last surviving son. Mr. A. W. Weissman, architect, of Amsterdam, has acquired some interesting information relating to Stone's connexion with the de Keyser family of that city, which he has most kindly communicated to me; and parish registers, and papers in the Record Office, British Museum, private libraries, and estate offices have all supplied useful links in the chain of evidence. By piecing these numerous but mostly fragmentary items of information together, a very fair summary has been obtained of the life of this seventeenth-century sculptor.
Nicholas Stone, mason and statuary, is stated by Vertue to have been born at Woodbury, near Exeter, in 1586, and to have been the son of a 'quarry man '. I have searched the church registers there, which commence in 1557, and have found two entries between that date and 1600 in which the name of Stone occurs. The first, which is amongst the Marriages, is as follows :
' 1586. Robtc. Stone & Alice Strong, xv October.' The second, under Baptisms, reads :
' 1587. Robt., sonne of Rbt. Stone, xxi July.'
At first sight it seems improbable that this latter entry has any reference to Nicholas Stone, the child's name being different, and the year of birth not agreeing with Vertue's statement. There is, however, direct evidence that on his marriage in April 1613 Stone himself affirmed his age to be 25, which would accord with the date of the baptism of Robert Stone; and, secondly, there is no other baptismal entry of a child of the name of Stone in the register
VII. B
2 NOTES ON LIFE OF NICHOLAS STONE
between the dates mentioned, and, assuming that the statement that he was born at Woodbury to be correct, the entry must refer to him, and it must be conjectured that the clergyman having, when entering up the register, forgotten the name — Nicholas — under which he had been- christened, assumed that he would receive the name of his father.
Nothing appears to be known of the status of his father, Robert Stone, the description given by Vertue — a quarry man — being vague, but it may be that he was a journeyman worker in stone. It is more than probable that he later had two other children of whose baptism there is no record at Woodbury, so that he must have evidently moved elsewhere before their birth.
Nicholas most likely spent his childhood in Devonshire, but the first information which we have of him — and that in his own handwriting — is that he was apprenticed to Isaac James for two years and served him for a third year as a journeyman. There is no record of the work of James, but it is probable that he was one of the many unknown London statuaries of repute to whom we owe the numerous monuments and chimney-pieces of the Elizabethan period. Stone would have been about 16 or 17 years old when he came up to town, and at the close of his engagement with James an incident occurred which must have had considerable effect on his career.
In 1606 Henrik de Keyser,1 master .mason and sculptor to the city of Amsterdam, was commissioned by the City Council to build an Exchange there, and was sent to London for the purpose of studying the design of the Royal Exchange, built by Edward Jerman in 1570 at the expense of Sir Thomas Gresham. Whilst in London he made the acquaintance of Nicholas Stone, then 20 years of age, and being attracted we may suppose by his character or his artistic promise, he persuaded him to return with him to Amsterdam in order to continue his education under his guidance. He apparently resided with the de Keyser family, and — like Hogarth 120 years later— he fell in love with his master's daughter, Maria.
Amongst the many buildings erected at Amsterdam by de Keyser, whilst Stone was working under him, was the Zuider Kerk, commenced in 1603 and finished in 1612 ; and Charles Stoakes, in some memoranda of buildings erected by Stone, written at the end of one of his uncle's note-books, relates that he designed and built a frontispiece (a gateway) at the Wester Kerk,2 and sculptured the two lions at the church, which so pleased his master that he consented to his marriage with his daughter, and eventually bestowed on him as part of her dowry a large portion of the Portland stone from the quarries owned by him, which was afterwards used in building the new Banqueting House at Whitehall. A view of the gateway which Mr. Weissman believes to be the one designed by
1 De Engelsche Bloedverwanten van Hendrik de Keyser, and Hendrik de Keyser en Nicholas Stone, by A. W. Weissman, 1911.
2 Stoakes called the Zuider Kerk 'the Wester Kerk' in error; the latter was not erected until 1620.
NOTES ON LIFE OF NICHOLAS STONE 3
Stone is given on Plate XLIII(£). It is very heavy in detail, but is decorated with the small cartouches and skulls which he so frequently introduced in his work.
The civil wedding took place at Amsterdam on April 25, 1613, and in the register he is described as from Exeter, England, Sculptor, aged 25 years, residing at Groene Burgwal, and producing his father's consent, attested by John Bemp, Vicar of Sidbury. The bride is described as Maria de Keyser, 21 years of age, of the same address, assisted by Mr. Hendrik de Keyser and Barbara van Wildre, her father and mother. The religious ceremony was performed by the Rev. le Maire in the Nieuwe Kerk at Amsterdam on May 14, and the Notary stated that shortly after his marriage Stone left with his wife for England.
It will be noted that Stone's father was still alive in 1613, and the fact that the Vicar of Sidbury, near Sidmouth, was a witness to his signature suggests that he was then living in that village. Unfortunately the early registers were destroyed by fire in 1850, and they cannot be referred to therefore for any information. There is in the church a memorial tablet to one John Stone, who died in 1617, and as he is described in the epitaph as being a freemason and church builder, he may have been a relative. The name of Stone, however, was common in Devonshire.
Stone, on his return to England in 1613, then 26 years old, doubtless first paid a visit with his bride to his parents, and then commenced practice in London. He apparently at once took the premises in Long Acre, which he held and possibly occupied with later additions until his death, as his first-born child, Maria, was baptized in the parish church of St. Martin-in-the-Fields in December of the following year, and the parish rate-books show that he paid a rate of is. od. for his holding in Long Acre in 1613 (probably for the half-year only, as in the following year he paid 2s. zd.).
There are grounds for presuming that Stone must have returned to England from Amsterdam with some established reputation or influential recommenda- tion, as although comparatively young he was at the very commencement of his career entrusted with work of the first importance. The earliest entry in his Note-book1 records a contract made with Sir Walter Butler in June, 1614, for the erection of a monument to his uncle, the tenth Earl oi Ormond, whom he succeeded as eleventh earl ; and, as the earl did not die until the following year, it may be assumed that Sir Walter was acting on the instructions of his uncle, then 81 years of age. It must have been an important structure, and was erected in St. Canice Cathedral, Kilkenny, at a cost of .£230; it was destroyed, however, during the Irish Rebellion.
1 Of Stone's two MSS., one is referred to hereinafter as his Note-book, and the other as his Account-book. The former, which was probably written late in life, contains brief notes of the works carried out by him between the years 1614 and 1641, whilst the latter consists of a series of accounts and sub-contracts commencing only in 1631, and continuing to 1642.
B 2
4 NOTES ON LIFE OF NICHOLAS STONE
In the year 1615 Stone was engaged on a still more imposing monument; that to Henry, first Earl of Northampton, which was erected in the chapel of Dover Castle at a cost of .£500, a price only exceeded in three other instances. Like that erected to the Earl of Ormonde it, also, had a chequered career, as in 1696, owing to the ruinous condition of the chapel, permission was obtained to remove it to the chapel of Trinity Hospital, Greenwich, of which Lord Northampton was the founder. On the rebuilding of that chapel in 1812 the monument was almost entirely destroyed, the effigy — a fine kneeling figure, a few weather-beaten figures of the virtues and two carved achievements of arms being all that now remains. In his note on this monument Stone mentions a touch of kindly feeling shown by him towards his former master ; he says, ' I mad Mr. Isak James a partner with me in tortisay becase he was my master 3 years, that was 2 years of my prentes and on year journiman.' This fact shows also that at this early stage of his career he had raised himself to such a position above his former master as to be able to confer a favour on him.
Besides some smaller monuments, including those to Sir Henry Belasyse at York, and Sir Thomas Bodley at Oxford, Stone executed two others of importance during the same year, namely, one for Sir George Selby at New- castle, the cost of which was /6oo, and the other to Thomas Sutton, the munificent founder of the Charter House, at a cost of about ,£380. The former, again, was absolutely destroyed during the restoration of St. Nicholas Church in 1783 ; the latter he carried out in collaboration with Nicholas Janssen (or Johnson).
In the following year, 1616, Stone's position as a sculptor was recognized by King James, and he was sent up to Edinburgh to carry out work at the chapel of Holyrood Palace ; it seems somewhat strange, however, that the work on which he was employed was wainscoting, not masonry. The chapel is now in ruins, and his work therefore probably destroyed, but we may assume that it included a considerable amount of carving. His charge for the work was ^450, and it was executed apparently with such excellent results that — to use his own words— ',£50 was geven to drenk whar of I had £20 geven me by the Kings comand ', as a pourboire or special gratuity.
Apart from finishing the many large commissions given to him in 1615, Stone's private practice during this year seems to have been small, but in 1617 he executed a large number of monuments, the most important being the beautiful one to Lady Carey in Stow-of-the-nine-churches, Northants ; and that to Sir Robert Drury at Hastead, Suffolk.
In 1619 Stone was appointed Master Mason in charge of the erection of the new Banqueting House, Whitehall, under Ihigo Jones, whom he calls 'the ofisor of his Maties workes '. The work occupied him three years, his pay being 45. lod. a day during the first two years, but dropping for some reason to 35. lod. in the third year, possibly owing to it not being necessary for him then
NOTES ON LIFE OF NICHOLAS STONE 5
to devote so much of his time to the work. During this year he also carried out minor works at other royal residences, including St. James's, Theobalds, and Nonsuch ; and though no patent is known to exist of his appointment of Master Mason to his Majesty's palaces, it seems probable that he held that post from this date, as also that to the Cinque Ports.1
The question may be raised here as to Stone's relations with Inigo Jones.- We do not know whether it was through the latter's influence that Stone was employed on the royal palaces, or whether he obtained his appointment direct from the king, but certainly from 1619 onwards they must have been in frequent collaboration, the one as Surveyor General and the other as Master Mason, in connexion with works not only at Whitehall but also at St. James's, where Stone is reputed to have been connected with the erection of the chapel— now the Marlborough House Chapel — built under Jones's superintendence for the Spanish Infanta, the intended bride of the Prince of Wales, afterwards Charles I, at Greenwich, St. Paul's Cathedral, Somerset House, and other royal or public buildings. In Stone's MSS., however, there is very little reference to Inigo Jones, and then solely in connexion with public work ; only once does he mention him by name, 'Mr. Jones Serveer of his Mts. workes;' on two occasions he calls him 'The ofiscr of his Magesstes works'; and on four others simply ' Mr. Serveer ', spelt differently each time.
None of these expressions suggests such intimacy as that which he uses with regard to a client of his, / my very nobell frind Ser David Cuningham,' or which he must have enjoyed with the Paston family; but that may have been because their relations were merely official and not personal. Vertue, however, makes a note which suggests at any rate on one occasion a closer intimacy ; he mentions :> that during the civil wars they had buried their joint stock of ready money in Scotland Yard, but there being an order come out to reward informers with half their discoveries, and four persons knowing the place of its burial, it was taken up by them and reburied in Lambeth Marsh. The sequel is not related, but it is to be hoped that they were eventually able to disinter their hoards with safety.
Between 1619 an<^ ^25, tne date of the death of James I, in addition to his official work Stone records the erection of some sixteen or eighteen monuments, the more important of them being those to Sir Charles M orison, Kt, at Watford in 1619, to Edmund Spenser at Westminster, and the two fine effigies to Sir Nicholas and Lady Bacon at Redgrave, in 1620, the graceful pedestal monument
1 Add. MS. 23069, f. 76.
5 Inigo Jones was born 1573. On his father's death in 1596 he went to Italy, and remained there till 1604. In England for a masque, 1604-5. King's Messenger to France, 1609. Appointed Surveyor to Prince Henry, 1610. Second visit to Italy, 1613. In London on flying visit January, 1614, and returned home definitely in the autumn of that year. Appointed Surveyor General of Works, 1615. Star Chamber design, 1617; Lincoln's Inn Fields, 1618; Chapel, 1617-23; Covent Garden, 1631 ; St. Paul's, 1633-49; Wilton, 1640 8 ; Coleshill, 1650. Died 21 June, 1652.
" Ibid., f. 7.
6 NOTES ON LIFE OF NICHOLAS STONE
to Francis Holies at Westminster in 1622, that to Lord Knyvett at Stairwell in 1623, to Sir Thomas Palmer at Wingham in 1624, and to Sir John Monson at South Carlton in 1625, in which year he also sculptured four royal statues for Gresham's Royal Exchange.
In 1626, soon after the accession of Charles I, Stone received further royal patronage. In October of the previous year William Suthis, Master Mason of Windsor Castle, had died, and in the following April Stone was granted the office of ' Master Mason and Architeckt for all our buildings and reparations within our hous and castle of Windsor'. The appointment was for life, the wages being twelve pence per diem, together with other allowances. The grant is given in full in Rymer's Foedem,1 and is copied here.
A. D. 1626. 2 CAR.
Charles, by the grace of God King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith &c.
To all whom these presents shall come, Greeting.
Know yee that wee, of our especiall grace, certaine knowledge and meere motion, and for divers other good causes and considerations us at this present moveing, have given and graunted, and, by these presents, for us our heirs and successors, doe give and graunte to our trusty and wel-beloved servaunt Nicholas Stone the office and place of our Master Mason and Architeckt for all our buildings and reparations within our hous and castle of Windsor, and him the said Nicholas Stone, our said Master Mason and Architect for all our said buildings and Reparations within our hous and castle of Windsor aforesaid, wee doe make, ordaine constitute and appoint by these presents. To have hold execute and enjoy the said office and place of our Master Mason and Architect for all our buildings and Reparations and castle of Windsor aforesaid, to the said Nicholas Stone by himselfe, or his sufficiant deputy and deputies, for and dureing the terme of his naturall life. And further, of our more ample grace, certaine knowledge and mere motion, wee have given and graunted, and by these presents, for us our heirs and successors, we doe give and graunt to the said Nicholas Stone for the executeing of the said office and place, the wages and fee of twelve pence of lawfull money of England by the day, in as large and ample manner as William Suthis, or any other person or persons heretofore, having executed and anjoyed the said office and place, hathe had or ought to have had and enjoyed ; to have and yearely to receive the said wages and fee of twelve pence by the daye, to the said Nicholas Stone and his assignes, from the daye of the date of these presents, for and dureing the naturall life of him the said Nicholas Stone out of the treasure of us our heires and successors, by the hands of the tresorer and chamberlaines of us our heires and successors there for the time being, at the fower usuall feasts or terms of the yeare, that is to say, at the feasts of the Nativitie of Saint John Baptist, St. Michael the Archangell, the Birth of our Lord God, and the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, by even and equall portions yearly to be paid, together with all other profitts commodities and allowances to the same office and place due, incident or in anie wise appertayneing, in as lardge and ample manner as the said William Suthis or any other person or persons heretofore haveing executed and enjoyed the said office hath had, or ought to have had and enjoyed.
In witnesse whereof, &c.
Witnesse our selfe at Westminster, the one and twentieth daye of Aprill.
1 Vol. xviii, p. 675.
NOTES ON LIFE OF NICHOLAS STONE 7
It may be presumed that from this date Stone had charge of the various repairs which must have been constantly required at Windsor, but the first note referring to the castle that appears amongst his memoranda is dated November 2, 1633, when he delivered there for his Majesty's use 562 feet of Oxfordshire stone, the quantity being measured and certified by Richard Cox, the Controller's clerk. Stone notes the supply of Purbeck and other varieties of stone at different times, and also of a balcony constructed with a landing of Purbeck stone supported on three carved cartosses, or corbels ; a Portland stone chimney-piece for the Presence Chamber ; and a relief, ' Diana or chaste love taking her repose, having bereaved Cupid of his bow and arrow and turned him to flight,' for which he charged .£10, a moderate price for so fanciful a subject. It is evident from these entries, all of which are priced, that these works were considered not to be covered by his official fee of 12 pence a day. There are also entries for riding charges of 2s. per diem on 15 days in 1632 and 25 days in 1633.
It will be convenient at this point to mention what is known of Stone's association with the Worshipful Company of Masons of the City of London and with the Craft of Freemasonry. The dates of his joining these institutions is not known, but the records of the Company of Masons ' show that he was Warden of the company in 1627 and 1630, and was Master in 1633 and 1634. The fact that he served both offices twice suggests that not only must he have taken con- siderable interest in the work of the company, but also that he must have been an efficient and influential member.
With regard to his connexion with Freemasonry, we are not on very sure ground. Previous to the reconstitution of the craft early in the eighteenth century its history appears to be almost entirely traditional, and what has since been written about its earlier history has doubtful authority. Dr. James Anderson published a work on the subject in 1738, giving a history of Free- masonry from the time of the Deluge.2 In it he relates that James I on succeeding to the English Crown appointed Inigo Jones Grand Master of England, and describes the ceremony of laying the foundation stone of the new Banqueting House, Whitehall, in 1607 (not the present building, which was commenced in 1619), by the King assisted by the Grand Master, Inigo Jones, and his Grand Wardens, William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, and Nicholas Stone, Esq., Master Mason to his Majesty. It should be pointed out that Jones had not commenced to practice architecture at this time, his appointment of Surveyor of Works to the Prince of Wales dating from 1610, and that of
1 Records of the Hole Craft and Fellowship of Masons, with a Chronicle of the History of the Worshipful Company of Masons of tlie City of London, by Edward Conder, Junr., 1894.
* The Constitution of the Ancient and Honourable Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons, by James Anderson, D.D., 1738.
0 NOTES ON LIFE OF NICHOLAS STONE
Surveyor of Works to his Majesty from 1615, whilst Stone, then only 20 years old, was in Amsterdam ; this description must therefore be considered a mythical one, and Dr. Hammond, the Librarian of Grand Lodge, informs me that Dr. Anderson's book is now quite discredited, and that there is no record of either Inigo Jones or Wren having been connected with the craft. Another statement which Dr. Anderson makes with regard to Stone, and which seems jnore plausible, is that in 1720 'at some private Lodges, several valuable MSS. (for they had nothing yet in print), concerning the Fraternity, their Lodges, Regulations etc. (particularly one written by Mr. Nicholas Stone, the Warden of Inigo Jones) were too hastily burnt by some scrupulous Brothers, that those papers might not fall into strange hands '. Seeing the important position that Stone held in the Masons' Company, it may well be that he was also a Free- mason ; but this is evidently only a matter of conjecture.
To return to 1626, when Stone received the Windsor appointment. In that year his most important private work was the monument in Westminster Abbey to Sir George Holies, brother of the Earl of Clare ; and amongst others of lesser note was a tablet and bust erected in Canterbury Cathedral to ' that prince of musicians', Orlando Gibbons.
In 1629 he commenced the long series of works which he executed for his patrons the Pastons of Norfolk : firstly for Sir Edmund Paston, Knt., and later for his son William, who was created a baronet in 1642.
For Sir Edmund he erected, in Paston Church, the fine monument to his wife, Katherine, at a cost of ^340, and Stone mentions, with evident satisfac- tion, that he was ' very extreordenerly entertayned thar ' ; whilst for William Paston, besides erecting a monument to his father in 1635 (also at Paston), and another to his wife, Lady Katherine, in Oxnead Church, he carried out many works at his magnificent house there, and executed a large number of statues and busts which decorated his extensive gardens.
Vertue also makes a note of a work executed this year but not mentioned by Stone himself, as follows: — 'Kensington, 23 March, 1629. Nicholas Stone undertakes to [make] for the Earl of Holland 2 Peeres of good Portland stone to hang a pair of great wooden gates on for ^100.' '
In 1630 Stone executed four important monuments, including one to Sir Charles Morison, Bart., and his wile in Watford Church, Herts, (where, eleven years earlier, he had erected one to his father) ; and another to Sir Richard Verney at Cpmptbn Verney, Warwickshire.
In 1631, in addition to carrying out the fine monument to Sir George Villiers and his wife the Countess of Buckingham in Westminster Abbey at a cost of
1 These piers (Brit. Mus. Add. MSS. 23069, f. 19) have been twice removed to new positions, in ,1850 being re-erected on the north side of the entrance court, at the top of a short flight of steps leading to a raised garden. Their design is attributed to Inigo Jones.
NOTES ON LIFE OF NICHOLAS STONE 9
,£560; a monument to Sir Dudley Digges at Chilham in Kent; and the well- known effigy of Dr. Donne in his shroud in St. Paul's Cathedral, he commenced several works for the Earl of Danby at Oxford and Cornbury House, Oxon. At Oxford he designed and erected the three gateways to the Physic Garden, founded by the earl, and his work at Cornbury-comprised the rebuilding of the centre portion of an H-planned Tudor house. He here apparently acted as architect and director of the workmen. He states that he paid thirty-three visits during the progress of the works in 1631-2, and received /i,ooo for his services. Whilst the works were proceeding at Cornbury and Oxford, Stone placed his cousin Gabriel Stacey in general charge.
Stone had previously erected at Oxford in 1615 a monument to Sir Thomas Bodley in Merton Chapel, and in 1632 he erected one at New College to Dr. Barker ; in 1633 one to Sir William and Lady Stonehouse at Radley, near Oxford, and in 1635 one to the two sons of Sir Thomas Lyttelton at Magdalen College. He is also stated by Charles Stoakes to have designed and built the well-known porch of St. Mary's Church, though he does not mention the fact himself. This porch, which was finished in 1637, was erected at the cost of Dr. Morgan Owen.
In the year 1631 Inigo Jones was commissioned to take in hand the repairs of St. Paul's Cathedral, and in 1633 his celebrated Ionic portico at the west end was commenced. Although Stone makes no note of his connexion with the work, Charles Stoakes mentions that he built it (' Mr. Inigo Jones his desine & Mr. Stone's care in performing the worke'), and it may be noted that in 1632 he was instructed to examine some defective portion of the foundations of the building in conjunction with Edmond Kinsman, and to estimate the cost of its repair. They reported as follows :
May it please your Lopps.
These are to certifie your honors that the decay of the Church of St. Paul occasioned by the cellar of the house of Elizabeth Porter, wen. stood at the West end of the church, conteyneth in length 24 feet and in breadth 4 feete which will take 96 foote of stone at i8d. the foote, the workmanshipp and setting will come to £8.
This 5th. of September, 1632. Nic. Stone.
Kdm. Kinsman.1
In 1634 Stone's most important work was the monument to Arthur Coke, son of the Lord Chief Justice, and to Elizabeth his wife, erected in Bramfield Church, Suffolk, its cost being .£130. The monument itself is a very simple one, but it sets off to advantage the very beautiful and touching effigy of
1 Slatr Papers, DOM. Charles I, vol. 223(9). Edmond Kinsman was associated in some manner with Stone and Nicholas Jansen in the erection of Thomas Sutton's monument (see p. 41). He was Warden of the Masons' Company in 1634, and Master in the following year. VII. C
io NOTES ON LIFE OF NICHOLAS STONE
Elizabeth Coke, who died in childbirth, and is represented lying on a couch in night attire with a coverlet over her, and holding in her arms her little baby.
Charles Stoakes includes the rebuilding of Goldsmiths' Hall in his list of building works executed by his uncle (p. 136) ; his words are : ' Gould smithes hall in Foster Lane, hee designed, and built, it stands betweene 4 streetes, & never a Right angle with out side, & yett al square Roomes with in side, with a Noble Entrance of the Doricke Order.'
Of this notable work Stone strangely enough makes no mention in either of his two books ; Stoakes's description, however, is so precise that without further evidence one would be ready to accept it. Fortunately corroborative evidence is to be found in the records of the Goldsmiths' Company itself, and extracts given in Sir Walter Prideaux's valuable memorials : show, briefly, that in 1634 the Court decided to rebuild their Hall owing to its decay and to the insufficiency of its accommodation, and the Wardens gave instructions for ' the drawing of 2 or 3 several plots ' for the new building. Whether these designs were made by different persons, in competition, does not appear, but later Nicholas Stone was appointed to be Surveyor of the new building with a quar- terly salary of £10. Ten houses were pulled down to increase the area of the new premises, and two designs were submitted to the Court, one with the entrance on the north side from Maiden Lane, and the other from Foster Lane on the west, the latter being decided on. The site being prepared, the Earl Marshal, Mr. Inigo Jones, his Majesty's Surveyor, and other Commissioners for Buildings repaired thither to view the ground whereon the Hall was to be erected, together with the plot for the new building, which plot was well approved of by them. Incidentally it may be mentioned that a piece of plate of the value of £10 was presented to H.M. Surveyor for his favour shown to them. The work apparently was then proceeded with, a member of the Court being appointed to assist the Surveyor, and also an overseer of the workmen. Further notes show that Stone's position was purely that of an architect, estimates being obtained from time to time from various artificers named for bricklaying, mason's work, carpentry, joinery, carving, plaster-work, and chimney-pieces, which were at times subjected to his revision. The work does not seem to have been entirely finished until 1640, and twenty-six years later the Great Fire caused considerable damage and the Hall had to be nearly rebuilt ; but a note of Vertue's/ 'Stone senr. built the front of Goldsmith's Hall, still standing though the inside was destroyed by the fire,' shows that the entrance front was saved. It doubtless had to be repaired, but it was still in existence until the Hall was again pulled down in 1829.
1 Memorials of the Goldsmiths' Company, by Walter S. Prideaux, 1896-7.
2 Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 23069, f. 6.
NOTES ON LIFE OF NICHOLAS STONE n
«
Between 1635 ' and 1638, besides carrying out various works at Somerset House, Windsor, Oatlands, and Greenwich, Stone erected a dozen monuments, including two notable ones, to William, second Baron Spencer, in Great Brington Church, Northants, at a cost of /6oo, and to Lord Chief Justice Coke at Tittles- hall, Norfolk, costing ,£400, both erected in 1638. In this year he also made a design for a monument for Lionel Cranfield, first Earl of Middlesex. The actual estimate, amounting to ^300, still exists at Knole, but whether the monument to him at Westminster is the one referred to in the estimate cannot be absolutely determined, as Stone omits any mention of it in his note-books, but the point is considered in detail later (see p. 112).
In 1639 Stone was again employed in the capacity of architect, in superintend- ing additions to Tart Hall, St. James's Park, for Alethea, Countess of Arundel, grand-daughter of the celebrated house-builder, Bess of Hardwick.
In 1639-40 monuments were erected, amongst others, to Sir Thomas Puckering at Warwick, William Peyto at Chesterton in the same county, to Sir Dudley Carleton, Viscount Dorchester, in Westminster Abbey, and to some members of the Coke family at Holkham.
During 1641 and 1642 the only important monument erected by Stone was that to Sir John Wolstenholme in Stanmore Church, and of this the fine effigy and an inscription tablet alone now remain. Sir John died in 1639, and in 1642 Stone made eleven marbled chimney-pieces lor his son John, fixing them at St. Nostell's Priory, his house in Yorkshire. During these two years his work dropped off very rapidly, he having executed, besides the works named, only three mural tablets and some minor works at Windsor. At the close of the year 1642 his notes cease; his last entry in the Account-book was made on September 28 of that year, being a note of the receipt of ,£20 on account of a wall-tablet in memory of Mr. Baldwin of Berkhamsted ; and that in the Note-book on October 23 of the same year, when he mentions in his short diary of political and other events the first engagement between the forces of the King and the Parliament at Edgehill. Did he become incapacitated for work through illness, or did the outbreak of the Civil War have such an effect on business us to stop his work entirely ? John Stone, it should be noted, in his petition to the King at the Restoration mentions that his father had been imprisoned for his loyalty, but his confinement would presumably have been of comparatively brief duration. That business affairs must have been in an unsettled state during the earlier stages of the war is probable, but it might be thought that
1 In 1635 Stone's name appears amongst those of recipients of fees granted by Kings James I and Charles I with the arrears due thereon. Under the Office of Works is mentioned Inigo Jones, with a salary of £45 125. 6d. for two years in arrear ; and Nicholas Stone with two grants, together amounting to £36 ios., with arrears of £59 65. -$d. Under payments from the Exchequer in this same year, Inigo Jones received £68 85. gd. and Nicholas Stone £41 is. yi. Cal. State Papers Doin. Series. [E0.]
C 2
12 NOTES ON LIFE OF NICHOLAS STONE
after, say, the battle of Naseby in 1645, the country would have been sufficiently settled to enable work to resume its normal course. In the short diary of events referred to above Stone mentions that in February 1640-1 he fell sick of a fever and kept his chamber for twelve weeks ; is it possible that he never recovered his full strength after this illness, and that his work was so personal that it ceased when he was unable to look after it himself? It has been noted that after 1640 Stone's work was insignificant in quantity. In that year he executed but one important monument — that to Dudley Carleton, and in 1641 that to Sir John Wolstenholme; but the remainder of the work noted by him in 1641 and 1642 consisted only of three wall-tablets, and some chimney-pieces.
It might be contended that Stone may have continued his accounts and memoranda in other books after 1642 ; but the evidence seems to be to the contrary, as neither of the books in use at that date are by any means full. In the Note-book, on the next leaf to that on which the father makes his last entry of his life's work, his son John commences, in continuation, in 1653 a list of his own works; and both before and after the death of John, the last survivor of the family, Charles Stoakes continues to make use of both books for entries of various jobbing works done by him, the dates of these extending from 1660 to 1676, which fact suggests the absence of any later book in current use. His son Nicholas makes an entry in the Account-book as late as May 22, 1647 — the year of his own and his father's death — being a note of the receipt from Sir William Paston, Bt., of the sum of ,£24, the balance of an account delivered to him in July 1642, for work done between April 1641 and that date. It is evident therefore that Stone executed no work for his patron between 1642 and 1647, and this delay in payment suggests that money was probably somewhat scarce.
There is a similar silence, though to a lesser extent, with regard to the doings of Stone's sons during the same period, as will be seen later in the accounts of their lives, which suggests that neither of them was prospering in their various vocations ; and it should be noted that the date of John's first work, 1650, synchronises closely with that of the establishment of the Commonwealth and with the gradual restoration of order and security. A probable solution of the problem therefore may be that, owing to the unsettled state of the kingdom from the outbreak of the Civil War until after the establishment of order, the work of the sculptor and other kindred crafts was suspended, and also that, owing to the damage which was being done to existing monuments in the churches by fanatical Parliamentarians during that period, persons did not feel justified in the erection of new ones.
Whatever the cause of the silence may have been, the fact remains that no further information concerning Stone or his work has been found, excepting that he died on August 24, 1647, and was buried in his parish church of St. Martin- in-the-Fields on the 28th of that month. There was a sad mortality in the
NOTES ON LIFE OF NICHOLAS STONE 13
family during the autumn of that year, Stone's second son, Nicholas, dying only twenty-four days after his fiither, on September 17, and his wife, Maria, two months later, on November 19; and the unusual number of burials recorded in the parish register in July, August, and September suggests the outbreak of some epidemic at that time, the numbers being 226, 270, and 187 respectively, whilst in October they had sunk to 79, and in November and December they had reached the more normal figures of 44 and 45. The registers show that a 'pest' occurred in the parish between July and October 1625, and others in 1638 and 1641, and they were evidently frequent at this period. It is, therefore, very possible that both father and son, and perhaps also the wife, fell victims to an outbreak of some kind. The eldest son, Henry, erected a wall-tablet to their memory in St. Martin's Church, but it, as well as the one erected to Henry himself some years later, was wantonly destroyed when Gibbs erected the new church in 1721-6. The tablet is described in Hatton's A New Vieiv of London, published in 1708, as follows: 'A very neat Monument at the W. end of the Church, by the Door, adorned with his Head finely carved befn several Tools for Sculpture-work, and a Square, a Pair of Compasses, &c. each pendant from a Chaplet, and finely done in Basso Relievo, and round the Effigies, these words : Nicholas Stone, Sculpt, and Architect, &c.' The inscription on the tablet is given by Vertue1 as follows : 'To the lasting memory of Nicholas Stone, Esq. Master Mason to his Majesty. In his life-time esteemed for his knowledge in Sculpture and Architecture, which his Works in many parts do testifie ; and tho made for others, will prove monuments of his fame. He departed this life on the 24th of August, 1647, aged 6i,2 and lycth buried near the pulpit in this Church. Mary his wife, and Nicholas his sonne lye also buried in the same grave, she died Nov. 19, and he on the i7th. Sept. 1647.' Vcrtuc also states that Henry himself cut the bust in basso-relievo.
In the 1762 edition of Walpole's Anecdotes an engraving of a tablet is given on which are shown medallion heads of both Nicholas Stone, Sen. and Jun., together with the square, compasses, and other tools, suspended from chaplets as described; but whether we may rightly consider these to be portraits, or whether the tablet in any way resembles the original memorial, is open to doubt. When the engraving was published the tablet had been destroyed forty years.
1 Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 23068, f. 83; cf. 21111, f. 60.
1 If the baptismal entry in the Woodbury Church register (see p. i) refers to Nicholas Stone, this should read ' in his 6ist year'.
14 NOTES ON LIFE OF NICHOLAS STONE
HIS WORK
Although Nicholas Stone, on account of his position of Master Mason, was necessarily conversant with the craft of masonry in every branch, it is with monumental work that his name is more particularly associated.
When he left England in 1607 for his six years' study under Hendrik dc Keyser in Amsterdam, the character of the design of the monuments in vogue in this country was still that of the later Elizabethan period. Classic details were by that time universal; but whilst, during the reign of Henry VIII the inspiration had come direct from Italy through the Italian craftsmen who were temporarily introduced into England by the King's influence and that of Wolscy, it was, in Queen Elizabeth's time, through the Protestant countries of Germany and the Netherlands that England received its education in classic work, and thereby lost the purity of that of the earlier reign, the details becoming coarser and "the ornamental features more debased. Under the English craftsmen's hands it obtained, however, a distinctive character of its own, and in our cathedrals and churches throughout the country, and in Westminster Abbey in particular, monuments of this period are to be found in great abundance, rich in material and gilding, of a certain grandeur and charm, but frequently very cumbersome. Their chief characteristics were the horizontal cornice, without pediments, but crowned with strapwork crestings, obelisks (generally balanced on four small balls), shields enclosed with strapwork ornament, and frequently with one or more superimposed stories, the columns supporting the entablature being almost universally of the Corinthian order. In the larger monuments there was usually an arched canopy over the effigies, heavily coffered, the inscription panel at the back of the recess being surrounded by a frame of strap- work. The effigies themselves, though often dignified, were stiff and conven- tional in their modelling, generally lying on the back, with hands folded, but when on the side always in a constrained unnatural attitude, suggestive of the lay rather than the human figure.
Nicholas Stone, on his return to England, brought back with him the methods of a newer school which, if lacking the purity of design and detail to be found in the work of the Italian school, nevertheless showed some advance in architectural refinement. In his earliest work he retained some of the features of the old English school, but by 1617 he seems to have — with, perhaps, one exception, that of the Knatchbull monument — entirely abandoned them. He discarded the obelisks and strapwork ornamentation, and instead of the horizontal cornice and cresting he finished his entablatures with pediments having straight or curved sides, and generally broken in the centre to admit of the introduction of an achievement of arms. In his mural monuments a very
NOTES ON LIFE OF NICHOLAS STONE 15
frequent distinctive feature is a double-arched canopy, supported in the centre on a boldly projecting corbel.
The introduction of heraldic devices is usual in Stone's work : armorial bearings appear in most of his monuments, and in some cases in great pro- fusion, as in the Belasyse monument in York Minster, where there are no less than twenty-eight shields ; but as a general rule the arms are enclosed in simply designed cartouches, characteristic also of de Keyser's work. Here and there the shields are surrounded with rich mantlings, fine examples being those on the Villiers and Cranfield monuments at Westminster and the Verney monu- ment at Compton Verney. The arms and mantling are invariably coloured in their proper tinctures, even when the remainder of the monument is uncoloured, these little decorative touches being very effective.
Winged cherubs were also favourite features, and, in his earlier work, the gruesome emblem of death — skulls; the latter, however, rarely appear after 1617. Other accessories include small female figures, which in some cases represent the four cardinal virtues ; they are generally placed on the upper part of the monument. Stone seems to have had an exaggerated idea as to the allowance to be made for foreshortening in the case of figures placed above the spectator, their necks being unnecessarily elongated, especially in his earlier work ; and in cases where the figures are seated on the sloping pediments there is an uncomfortable feeling that the figures would slide off were it not for some hidden dowels running into them. It must be conceded that these small figures are the least happy portion of Stone's work, and in most cases they might have been omitted without any detriment to his design. This inferiority of the subsidiary figures to the effigies themselves is not confined to his work only, and it is probable that their execution was generally left to some prentice hand.
The majority of the monuments may be roughly divided into eight classes, though there is not always a clearly defined line of demarcation between them.
CLASS. THE MOST INTERESTING EXAMPLES.
A. Altar tombs with baldachinos. Earl of Northampton, Dover.
Lord Spencer, Great Brington.
B. Detached altar tombs, with or with- Sir Geo. Villiers, Westminster.
out effigies. Earl of Middlesex, Westminster.
Sir Nicholas Bacon, Redgrave. Lady Carey, St. Michael, Stowc.
C. Canopied monuments against walls Sir Chas. Morison, Kt., Watford.
with quasi-altars. Sir Chas. Morison, Bt., Watford.
Lady Paston, Paston.
16 NOTES ON LIFE OF NICHOLAS STONE
Sir Robt. Drury, Hawstead.
Sir Edwd. Coke, Titteshall.
Sir Dudley Carleton, Westminster.
D. Large mural monuments, mostly Thos. Anguish, Norwich.
corbelled out. Sir Thos. Merry, Walthamstow.
Willm. Whettell, Ampton. Arthur and Eliz. Coke, Bramfield. Isaac Casaubon, Westminster.
E. Small mural monuments. Anne Bennet, York.
Orlando Gibbons, Canterbury. Dr. Hugo Barker, Oxford.
F. Tablets. Lady Gawdy, Redgrave.
Sir Richard Coxe, Westminster. Lady Boys, Great Missenden. Thos. Randolph, Blatherwick.
G. Pedestal monuments. Francis Holies, Westminster.
Sir Geo. Holies, Westminster.
H. Floor slabs. William Curie, Hatfield.
If the architectural treatment given by Stone to his monuments shows some advancement in refinement on the work of his immediate English predecessors, that advance is still more marked in the case of the sculpture of his effigies, and his best work will bear favourable comparison with that of any sculpture in England of the seventeenth or eighteenth centuries. There are nearly forty of his life-size effigies still in existence, and although they are not all of equal merit, they, with few exceptions, show great refinement and skill in execution. As has been remarked with regard to his architecture, his early examples show a tendency to conform to precedent, and are modelled in the conventional attitude of the time ; but after three or four years he adopted that freer style for which his work is noted. In the pose of his figures he was doubtless at times influenced by the wishes of his clients, but his inclination tended towards a natural one, and it is in these cases that his work excels, his effigies possessing dignity without stiffness, the drapery, especially of the female figures, being gracefully arranged, and the accessories, such as the hands, lacework, &c. , showing marked delicacy in their execution.
It is not easy to determine how far, in the days when photography was unknown, a sculptor was able to, and did, present a true likeness of his subject. In some cases portraits probably existed ; in others death-masks would be taken, and occasionally, especially when a monument was erected to the husband and
NOTES ON LIFE OF NICHOLAS STONE 17
wife by the survivor, one of the effigies on it would be sculptured from the life ; but be that as it may, Stone's effigies express character and have the appearance of being faithful portraits.
In a few cases the effigies are of alabaster and are coloured, but the majority of them are of pure white marble, the following being the finest examples :
MEN. WOMEN.
Earl of Northampton. Lady Carey.
Thomas Sutton. Lady Paston.
Sir Chas. Morison, Kt. Elizabeth Coke.
Sir Chas. Morison, Bt. Lady Morison.
Lord Spencer. Lady Spencer.
Sir George Villiers. Countess of Buckingham.
Sir Nicholas Bacon. Lady Bacon.
Sir Edward Coke.
Sir John Wolstenholme.
The greater number of Stone's busts take the form of half-length figures rather than that of the classical bust standing on a base, of which latter there are only four examples — all of them good, however. The half-length effigies are mostly placed in oval frames, and are in full relief or nearly so. As in the case of the full-length figures, the features have a distinctive character, suggesting accurate portraiture.
The costume of the male effigies is very equally divided between that of the soldier and that of the civilian. In the former case it consists generally of plate armour with breast- and back-plates, taces varying in number from five to nine, trunk hose, thigh-pieces, jambs, sollerets, knee-caps, sword-belt, in some cases spurs, shoulder-pieces, brassarts, vambraces, elbow-cops, cuffs, ruffs or collars, and in two cases— those of Sir Nicholas Bacon and Sir George Villiers — helmets with the visors up. The figures of Sir George and Francis Holies are dressed in Roman armour. The civilian costume is more varied, but generally includes doublet and trunk hose, not always visible ; gown, usually edged with fur ; in some cases a mantle or official robe, cuffs, ruff or collar, shoes ; and occasionally a coif or skull-cap. There is naturally more freedom in the pose of the latter effigies than of those wearing armour.
The women's costume includes a gown, farthingale, and stomacher in the earliest examples, but a bodice later, sometimes cut square with a filling-in of muslin, sleeves sometimes tight and at others slashed, ballooned, and drawn in at elbows ; cuffs, plain, pleated, or of lace ; pleated ruff or lace collar ; in some cases a mantle, fur-edged or lined, and tippet. The head is generally covered with a veil or coverchief, occasionally falling down behind, but in a few earlier
VII. D
i8 NOTES ON LIFE OF NICHOLAS STONE
instances with a cap and lappels, or with a wide-spreading wired or starched head-dress.
The following materials were used by Stone in his monuments :
Alabaster. In the main structure, and occasionally for the effigies.
Statuary marble, probably procured from Italy. For effigies and the finer
portions of the carving. Veined white marble. In the structure, panels, and occasionally for effigies and
figures. Black marble, or Touch, shipped from Amsterdam. For altar-slabs, plinths,
inscription-tablets, moulded frames to white tablets, grave-stones, &c. Veined black and coloured marbles. Chiefly for shafts and pilasters. Freestone. In a few instances for the main structure. Coloured decoration was sparingly used excepting for armorial bearings and on
some of the alabaster effigies.
The stones used in his domestic work include black and white marbles, Purbeck marble, Portland stone, Taynton and Headington stones (both from Oxfordshire), Reigate stone from Surrey, Ketton stone from Rutland, and Kentish stone.
In considering the general quality of the work executed by Stone, it should be borne in mind that that of a monumental sculptor cannot be entirely personal, as he has to depend to a greater or less extent upon the craftsmen in his employment. These would probably have received their training under him, and would therefore be able to interpret their master's intentions ; but as the work of an artist in even the more personal branches of art will vary in quality both of design and execution, this is especially so in the case of a maker of monuments, and is noticeable in Nicholas Stone's work. It will be found that there are monuments here and there which suggest that they have not received so much personal attention from the master as is the case with others. It has been stated that Stone's later work shows deterioration, but a comparison of his monuments in their order of execution scarcely bears out this conclusion. If his twenty-seven years' work is divided into three equal periods of nine years, amongst the monuments carried out in the first period would be included those to Thomas Sutton, Sir Nicholas and Lady Bacon, Sir Robert Drury, Lady Carey, Sir Charles Morison, Kt., and Sir Francis Holies; in the second period, those to Lady Paston, Sir Charles Morison, Bt., and his wife, Sir George Villiers and the Countess of Buckingham, and Lord and Lady Verney ; and in the third period, to Isaac Casaubon, Arthur and Elizabeth Coke, Sir Edward Coke, Lord and Lady Spencer, and Sir John Wolstenholme. Opinions will of course differ as to which are his best works, but the effigies of Elizabeth Coke and the last
NOTES ON LIFE OF NICHOLAS STONE 19
two mentioned will probably be considered equal to the best of those of the earlier periods, whilst his perhaps two most unsatisfactory monuments were executed in the middle of his career.
It is difficult to criticize Stone's domestic and other than monumental work because there is so little left to guide us. There are three fonts existing, two of which, in Stanmore Church and the church of St. Andrew Undershaft, are very graceful in design. Tart Hall, St. James's, to which he made large additions, and the Goldsmiths' Hall, which Stoakes says he rebuilt, are both gone, and his work at Cornbury House, Oxon, was subsequently so much altered by Hugh May that little architectural detail remains. York Stairs, and the gateways to the Physic Garden and the porch of St. Mary's Church at Oxford happily still remain, and all of them are interesting buildings showing skill in composition. What hand Inigo Jones had in their design must always remain a matter of conjecture. It is very much the custom to attribute the design of every building of merit executed in the first half of the seventeenth century to him ; but whilst it is very possible that he may have given Stone friendly advice at times, there is no suggestion in his notes that Jones designed any of his private work, and there is no evidence to support the theory that he designed either of the Oxford structures.
With regard to Stone's method of work, it has already been mentioned that he frequently left the actual execution of portions of his monuments to sub- contractors; in making these sub-contracts, however, he almost invariably mentions that the work is to be done in accordance with plotts or drafts, and directions to be given to the craftsmen. In a sub-contract for the Fauconberg monument he refers to the ' plott' drawn and subscribed by my Lord Fauconberg, and in another case to the client's signature on the back of the drawing, and it is evident that these drawings were essential preliminaries to the making and approval of an estimate, the drawing being signed as part of the contract.
There are fortunately two of the original MS. agreements which Stone made with his clients still in existence. One is for the fine monument to Sir Charles Morison, Bt, in Watford Church, which is in the library of his descen- dant, the Earl of Essex at Cassiobury. This agreement, made between him and Dame Mary Morison and dated March 3, 1628-9, is given in full on page 61 5^., as it is of special interest, showing with what care and detail his estimate was prepared, at any rate in this particular instance, including, as it did, a drawing and a description of every part of the monument and of the various materials to be used. The other is an estimate made in May 1638, for the erection of a monument for Lionel Cranfield, Earl of Middlesex, now in the library at Knole. This estimate is given on page 112, and though the particulars, in this instance, are not set out in detail, a drawing formed part of the estimate. Unfortunately in neither case is the drawing known to exist now.
D 2
20 NICHOLAS STONE'S SONS
NICHOLAS STONE'S SONS, HENRY, NICHOLAS, AND JOHN.
STONE'S wife, as has been already mentioned, was Maria, daughter and eldest child of Hendrik de Keyser ; she was born at Amsterdam in 1592, and was married to him there in 1613. We know nothing of her married life excepting that she bore her husband four children, and as in his will he termed her ' Marie my most deere wife ', and left her in comfortable circumstances, we may assume that the marriage was a happy one. She died on November 19, 1647, about three months after the death of her husband.
Stone's first child was a daughter, christened Maria, after her mother, in the church of St. Martin-in-the- Fields, on December 4, 1614; her life was a short one, however, as she died in 1618, the date of her burial being November 2.
His eldest son, Henry, named probably after his grandfather Hendrik, was baptized on July 18, 1616. His father evidently valued the advantage which he had himself derived from his six years' study in Amsterdam, as he sent him abroad at an early age to study the art of painting in Holland and France, and Mr. Weissman informs us that he was apprenticed, about the year 1635, to his uncle, the famous painter Thomas de Keyser, of Amsterdam, second son of Hendrik de Keyser. Dallaway suggests also that he may have studied under Vandyck l (probably because the work by which he is best known is that of his copies of that master's portraits). In an addendum to de Piles's Art of Painting- it is stated that he ' was an extraordinary copier in the reigns of Charles I and II. He was bred up under Cross (himself a famous copier), and, having the founda- tion of an exquisite draftsman, performed several admirable copies after many good pictures in England. He did a great number of them, and they are reckoned amongst the finest of any English copies.'3
In the spring of 1638 Henry was in Paris, where his brother Nicholas joined him, and together they made a prolonged tour through France to Italy, spending four years in travel and study, a diary of their journey written by Nicholas being preserved in the British Museum.4 The diary naturally has reference more to the doings of Nicholas himself than to those of his brother, but one gathers that Henry spent a large portion of his time in study. The brothers returned to England in 1643, and though we have no direct knowledge of Henry's subsequent career, we gather from incidental information that it was a successful one, and it seems. probable that he was held in some repute by his
1 Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting in England, Rev. James Dallaway's edition, vol. i, p. 246 n.
* M. de Piles, Art of Painting, and the Lives of the Painters, English edition, 1706, p. 463.
3 There are said to be four of his copies of the portraits by Vandyck in the National Portrait Gallery.
* Brit. Mus., Harl. MS. 4049 (it is printed in full in Appendix to the present volume).
NICHOLAS STONE'S SONS 21
brother artists, as Vertuc mentions ' that his portrait was painted by Sir Peter Lely 'in his first manner', and that it was then in the possession of Mr. Russell. Its present location is not known, but an engraving of it by Bannerman was published in Walpole's Anecdotes, 1762.
His portrait of James Moore was engraved by Thomas Cross. The four following portraits ascribed to him were exhibited at the Loan Collection of National Portraits, held at South Kensington in April 1866 :
No. 553. Lady Frances Cecil, Countess of Cumberland, daughter of Robert Cecil, ist Earl of Salisbury (to whose mother-in-law, Grissold, Countess of Cumberland, Nicholas Stone erected a monument at Londesborough in 1631).
No. 587. Queen Henrietta Maria and the Princess Elizabeth. No. 687. Charles Stanley, 8th Earl of Derby, b. 1627, d. 1672.
No. 812. John Thurloe, Secretary of State to the Protector, b. 1616, d. 1668.
Vertue states that he erected the monument to his parents and his brother Nicholas, and that he himself cut the bust of his father in basso-relievo in marble, which suggests that his artistic abilities extended to the chisel ; also that ' he wrote a book I have seen, a thin small folio entitled the third part of the art of painting, taken mostly from the ancients, and may be there was foregoing parts '. It is worthy of note that in neither of his father's manuscript books is there to be found any writing by Henry, although there are numerous passages written by his brothers, and that he painted pictures in small of his father and the whole family, which pictures, after passing through Stoakes's hands, came into the possession of Mr. John Cock.-
On the death of his parents and brother Nicholas in 1647 he inherited the property in Long Acre, and is stated to have carried on his father's profession of statuary in conjunction with his youngest brother John ; only one or two of the monuments included by the latter in his list of works executed by him (see p. 1385*7.) can be joint productions, as the others were not carried out until after Henry's death, and it is more probable that he continued his own art. He is generally known as ' Old Stone ', to distinguish him, it is said, from his brother John ; but there is little reason for this, as he was only four years his senior, and was only 37 years old when he died.
There is a sketch-book of Henry Stone's in the Soane Museum. It is a thin small folio volume, now half-bound in calf with paper sides, containing a series of sketches executed in ink and pencil on 18 leaves of paper 12 inches by 7! inches in size; the sketches are on both sides of the paper, and consist chiefly of studies of figures, heads, &c., together with a few landscapes and
1 Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 23068, f. 22. a Ibid., 23069, f. 5.
22 NICHOLAS STONE'S SONS
architectural backgrounds, which suggest that they were probably made whilst Henry was on his travels. The sketches are bold, but are not of much interest. Henry Stone died in August 1653, and his brother John erected a tablet to his memory in St. Martin's Churchyard, which, like that to his parents, was destroyed on the pulling down of the old church. Vertue fortunately made a copy of the inscription,1 as follows :
To the memory of Henry Stone of Long Acre painter and Statuary, who haveing passed the greatest part of 37 years in Holland France and Italy, atcheaved a fair Renown for his Ex- cellency in Artes and Languages and departed this Life on the 24 day of August, An. D. 1653, and Lyeth buried near the Pulpit in this Church.
His friends bewail him thus,
Could arts appease inexorable fate,
Thou hadst survived this untimely date :
Or could our votes have taken place, the sun
Had not been set thus at its glourious noon :
Thou shouldst have lived such statues to have shown
As Michael Angelo might have wished his own :
And still thy most unerring pencil might
Have rais'd his admiration and delight,
That the beholders should inquiring stand
Whether 'twas Nature's or the Artist's hand.
But thy too early death we now deplore,
There was not art that thou couldst live to more,
Nor could thy memory by age be lost,
If not preserved by this pious cost ;
Thy name's a monument that will surpass
The Parian marble or Corinthian brass.
John Stone to perfect his Fraternal affection erected this Monument.
Vertue states that it was placed without the church on the east wall near the gate.
Nicholas, the second son, was baptized at St. Martin's on September 8, 1618. He was brought up with the view of succeeding to his father's business as a mason and statuary, but he unfortunately died within a month of his father, on September 17, 1647, at the early age of 29.
Apart from his baptism, the earliest information which we have of him is the fact of his witnessing, in his father's Account book, the signature to an agree- ment in 1631, when he was only 12 years old ; he also witnesses other
1 Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 21111, f. 60.
NICHOLAS STONE'S SONS 23
signatures, or 'marks', in the years 1635-6-7, and it seems probable that he entered his father's workshops directly he left school.
In 1638, as already mentioned, he left home to join his brother Henry in their four years' tour and sojourn abroad. He wrote a somewhat lengthy diary of their tour, which is in the British Museum (Harl. MS. 4049). The volume is 7! by 5! inches, and had originally a parchment cover, but is now bound in morocco. He left London on March 29, his father accompanying him as far as Chatham, and arrived at Paris on April 7, where he met his brother. They hired a chamber there for a month, and after a week's sightseeing he ' began a mould in clay of St. Anthony ' ; during their stay in Paris they saw all the best churches, palaces, and pictures, and visited Fontainbleau and St. Denis, and left on May 18 for Lyons on horseback, ' in company with two Jesuits and other very good company ', for safety, and not without good cause, as he says, ' towards night we met with divers cavaliers, but they seeing us so strong did not offer any violence'. They afterwards visited Avignon and other places, arriving at Marseilles on May 31, where they were delayed for some days owing to contrary winds, but on June 15 they took barque for Leghorn, arriving there on the i7th.
They reached Florence on June 28, where they stayed three months; during their sojourn there Nicholas spent much time in drawing from the antique, and occasionally in modelling, chiefly in the gallery of the Grand Duke of Tuscany. The duke was very polite to him and praised his work. Whilst in Florence the brothers frequently met their father's patron, Mr. William Paston, who stayed there for some time, on his way to Egypt.
The brothers left Florence on September 29, and arrived in Rome on October 3, 1638, after 'having escaped the bandeloes which lay in several places ' ; and apparently they remained there until May 1642, paying visits, however, during that period, to Venice, Pozzuolo, &c.
The diary Nicholas kept whilst in Rome was not a continuous one, and the most interesting portions of it are those relating to his visits to the great sculptor, Bernini. He was furnished with a letter of introduction to him, which he delivered on October 22. Bernini happened to be somewhat unwell, and was in bed ; he, however, sent for him and had some conversation with him at his bedside with the aid of a young painter who spoke Italian. ' Being in a good humour,' he writes, ' he asked me whether I had seen the head of marble which was sent into England for the King, and to tell him the truth what was spoken about it. I told him that whosoever I had heard admired it, not only for the excellence of the work, but the likeness and near resemblance it had to the king's countenance : he sayd that divers had told him so much but he could not believe it. Then he began to be very free in his discourse, to aske if nothing was broke of it in carriage, and how it was preserved now from danger. I told
24 NICHOLAS STONE'S SONS
him that when I saw it that all was whole and safe, the which, saith he, I wonder at, but I took [saith he] as much care in the packing as study in making of it. I also told him that now it was preserved with a case of silk.' This unconstrained conversation about the celebrated bust of Charles I is very interesting, especially as it suggests that Bernini himself considered it to be a very successful work, if not a masterpiece of his.
Bernini apparently took kindly to the young student, and afterwards permitted him to work with ' his disciples ', and to see his own method of work. He also expressed approval of the drawings which Nicholas submitted to him. Vertue tells the following interesting incident also which occurred whilst Nicholas was working under him1 : 'The cavalier told him that it was impos- sible to make a bust in marble truly like, and to demonstrate it he ordered a person to come in, and afterwards having floured his face all over white, asked Stone if he had ever seen that face before. He answered " No", by which he meant to demonstrate that the colour of the face, hair, beard, eyes, lips, &c., are the greatest part of the likeness.' (This incident was related to Vertue by John Talman.)
Nicholas's diary ends on July 6, 1642, when he and his brother arrived at Genoa in their return journey to England, which they reached, according to a note by Vertue, in the early part of 1643. In addition to this diary in the British Museum, there is in the Soane Museum a sketch-book of his, containing a series of sketches made whilst on his travels. The book is of the same size, and is bound in the same manner, as the sketch-book of his brother, already mentioned ; it consists of about seventy leaves, many of which are bare ; some of the drawings are made on the paper itself, whilst others are drawn on separate sheets and are mounted in ; and a few sketches have been subsequently removed. The drawings are executed in ink and pencil, some of them with slight washes ; and they include plans, elevations, and sections of buildings, with occasional notes. Towards the end of the volume is an abstract of the diary of his tour, made, apparently, by John Talman (d. 1726), son of William Talman the architect (fl. 1670-1700), and presumably for a time the owner of the volume.
There are no known sculptural works of Nicholas Stone, Jun., existing, and, strange to say, there is no record anywhere of his having executed any work after his return to England in 1643, and this circumstance raises the question as to what he did between the date of his return and that of his death, at the early age of 29, in September 1647, a period of four and a half years. After his four years of travel and assiduous study abroad, where his drawings and models received commendation from the
1 Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 23069, f. 116.
NICHOLAS STONE'S SONS 25
distinguished Bernini and others, it would have been expected that he would at once have taken a leading position in his own country as a sculptor, as his father did before him ; as a matter of fact, however, there is apparently no record or note of his, showing what he was doing, until November 1646, when he commences making a series of memoranda in his old foreign sketch-book, which continue until June of the following year. And what do these memoranda tell us? On November 13 he notes that a Mr. Henry Wilson, of Petticoat Lane, had shipped thirty tons of Portland stone to Amsterdam for his uncle Hendrik de Keyser, and that he was prepared to allow him 'a third part that shall arise of the comoditye either now sent or to be sent, and if at any time I will joyne stooke, than to have half profitt '. On the same day he writes to his uncle Thomas, advising him of the dispatch of the stone in the ship Deborah. On January 29, 1646-7, he writes a long letter — this time to his uncle Peter — acknowledging the receipt of a letter from his uncle Hendrik, and after extolling the virtues of Portland stone, he canvasses for further orders, ' hoping you will doe your kinsman and a young marchant that favour that I may be able to doe you future service herein ' ; in fact, instead of being employed as a sculptor he has become an agent, on commission, in connexion with the shipping of stone to Amsterdam. In April appears a statement of accounts between him and Henry Wilson for the division of the profits of the transaction. Between March and June 1647 Nicholas acts as agent again, between Wilson and Mr. Harris, churchwarden of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields parish, for the delivery of Portland and Purbeck stone at the church, which was paid for direct by Mr. Harris to Wilson, Nicholas's commission being the difference in price between what Wilson was content to have — is. gd. per foot — and 25. iff., the price actually charged. It is possible that in connexion with this transaction Nicholas may have been employed at the church, but if so it would have been as a mason and not as a sculptor. His last entry is on June 19, noting that Wilson had received £10 more from Mr. Harris, and that there was .£15 more due to him. Nicholas died on September 17 of that year, about three weeks later than his father, his life, which was so full of promise, being cut short under circumstances which suggest that he, as well as his father, died of some distemper, and that the world had not treated him kindly.
Vertue, in his notes, writes the following encomium on him : ' Nicholas Stone Junior had been an Honour to England had he lived to have shown his Art, but dying soon after his return from abroad there remains but few things of his doing besides moddels which are in the hands of the curious and now pass for the workes of famous Italian Artists. — in poses. Mr. Bird, Statuary, the Lacoon of his modelling and the Appollo and Daphne, both moddeld by N. Stone at Rome.'1 — Even Vertue, therefore, though prompted by Charles
1 Add. M 88.23069, f. iob. VII. E
26 NICHOLAS STONE'S SONS
Stoakes, was unable to mention any creative work executed by him, which leads one to the conclusion that none existed. It should be mentioned that Dallaway, in a foot-note to his edition of Walpole's Anecdotes, states that Nicholas speaks in the diary of being employed at Rome upon a monument for Lady Berkeley. I have, however, been unable to find any note to that effect, though he mentions having received from England in November 1638 three escutcheons of arms to be inlaid with marble for the monument of my Lady Berkeley.1 This work he entrusted to a Signor Domenica, paying him 52 crowns for the same, and in September 1639 he reshipped "the escutcheons to England with several other things. It seems probable, therefore, that Dallaway misread the entries.
John Stone, the youngest son, was baptized at St. Martin's Church on September 27, 1620. Tradition has it that he received a University education, and that he was intended for the Church. Charles Stoakes, in his brief statement at the end of Nicholas Stone's Account-book, says that he 'was bred a scoller by Docttor Busby ', and that ' he was an exelent architect! ' ; and Vertue, in his notes on John,2 from information probably obtained from Stoakes, says that he was ' brought up at Oxford, designed for a clergyman, but in the time of the Civil Warrs went out to serve the King. He wrote a book and printed it, on Fortification, without his name to it,3 [called Enchiridion, where there is many small cuts of fortifications etched by himself.4] afterwards, the King being routed, he with a Companion made their escape : he hid himself unknown to his father in his house in Long Acre, and lived there a whole twelvemonth till he got an opportunity of going to France, where he lived several years, but returned to England and followed the business after his brother Henry died in 1653. [His companion was taken and hanged before his father's door in Smithfield anno about 164.6-7.*] Nicholas Stone Sen. and Jun. died 1647 after which Henry and John carried on the father's business, though Henry mostly employed himself in painting, especially copying famous Italian pictures.'
Charles Stoakes's remark would naturally lead one to suppose that John was a Westminster boy; there is no evidence, however, of his having been educated at Westminster School. His name does not appear on the list of King's Scholars, and though he might have been a town boy (there was no official list of these at that period), the fact that Dr. Busby did not become head
1 Dr. Alfred C. Fryer, in a paper on Effigies in English Churches attributed to Bernini, read before the Archaeological Institute in 1914, refers to the effigy on this monument, which is in St. Dunstan's Church, Cranford, Co. Middlx., as being in his opinion the work of Bernini, and mentions that the family still hold the tradition that he was the sculptor. Elizabeth, Lady Berkeley (b. 1576, d. 1635), was the daughter of George Carey, and Lord Hunsdon, and wife of Sir Thomas Berkeley. • Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 23069, f. 5.
3 Enchiridion of Fortification, or a handfull of Knowledge in Martial/ affairs, London, printed by M. F., for Richard Royston, and are to be sold at his shope at the signe of the Angel in Ivie Lane, Anno. 1645. 4 Marginal notes by Vertue.
NICHOLAS STONE'S SONS 27
master until 1638, at which time John's school education, he being then seven- teen or eighteen, would have been finished, renders Stoakes's statement open to some doubt. Evidence, too, with regard to his education at Oxford is not forthcoming, as his name does not appear in Foster's Alumni Oxonienses, but possibly that useful work does not contain the name of every matriculated student, and, in the face of the information given by Stoakes and Vertue, we must assume that he had some University education.1
We are not told which was the particular fight referred to in Vertue's note, or when John escaped to the Continent, but he probably returned to England on the death of his father, or soon after, as Vertue mentions a memorandum book of his begun in February 1647-8, containing accounts between himself and his brother Henry until his death in 1653, and gives the two following extracts :
Feb. 14, 1648. Sent to my brother to pay Mr. Lilly, £11. [I suppose this to be for his picture in possession of Mr. Russell.2]
Nov. 28, 1652. For Sir Willm. Paston. Payd unto Mr. Ellis two pounds i8s. 6d. in full payment for four heads sent to Oxnet Hall in Norfolk, and £5 allowed to him for bosting of a fifth head. Was finished by Mr. Boreman. [Bushnal's Master.2]
It is interesting to find Sir William Paston again employing the Stone family to enrich his grounds with statuary. Anthony Ellis was one of Nicholas Stone's workmen, whose signature as a witness appears several times in the Account book. Thomas Burman, sculptor, was buried in St. Paul's Church- yard, Covent Garden. He died March 17, 1673-4, aged 56 years.3
John's signature appears twice in his father's Account book — in 1636, when he was only 15 years old, and in 1641 ; on both occasions as witness to the signature of Robert Pooke, a sub-contractor frequently engaged in the polishing and fixing of Stone's monuments ; and between 1639 an<^ ^42> m ms brother Nicholas's absence abroad, a good many of the memoranda themselves are in his handwriting, their composition being somewhat pedantic and suggestive of the scholar.
After the death of his father and his brother Nicholas in 1647, John was associated with Henry in carrying on their father's practice in Long Acre; neither of them was brought up with a view to doing so, and it is open to doubt whether either of them actually used the chisel. Work at the time was
1 John Stone was appointed Bible Clerk and Library Keeper at University College in 1644. His name appears in the list of persons reported to the Committee of Lords and Commons by the Visitors, July 14, 1648; he was expelled October 17, 1648. See Register of the Visitors of the University of Oxford, edited by Montagu Burrows, for the Camden Society, 1881, pp. 163, 199, and
555- [ED-]
1 Add. MS. 23069, f. 13. Mrs. Finberg reads this entry as ' Lent to my brother' &c. In her opinion the marginal notes are in Vertue's handwriting. ' Bushnal ' is evidently John Bushnell, the sculptor, a contemporary of Vertue. [Eo.]
3 He was Warden of the Masons' Company, 1668-9 and 1673-4.
E 2
28 NICHOLAS STONE'S SONS
apparently scarce, and it has therefore been assumed that Henry continued the to him more congenial work of painting, and left what little statuary business came in to his brother's care. The first work which he mentions as having been executed was a mural tablet to Sir John Heigham, erected in 1650 at Barrow in Suffolk, and for which he received £40. After a gap of about three years he records the erection of a monument, in 1653, to Lord Ashley (probably Astley), which he mentions, in this one instance only, to have been the joint production of his brother and himself; and after Henry's death in August of that year he became the sole heir to the business and property. During the four following years he erected thirteen monuments, the majority of them being mural tablets, and their prices ranging from £7 to ,£100; the total cost, however, of these recorded works amounted to less than /8oo, and it is evident, therefore, that his business as a monumental mason could not have been a lucrative one, but we have incidental information that he was also engaged on work other than monumental by at least two of his father's old clients, Sir William Paston and Sir Christopher Hatton.
Between 1657 and the spring of 1660 there is again all absence of informa- tion, and then John's hopes revive with the prospects of the restoration of the monarchy, Vertue telling us, in a note written by him in Nicholas Stone's Account book (see p. 133), that he went over to Breda with the intention of petitioning the King for the grant of the office of Master Mason of Windsor held by his father ; whilst there, however, he had a violent attack of the palsy, which deprived him of the use of his limbs, and incidentally we also learn from Vertue's own MSS.1 that Caius Gabriel Gibber, who was then his foreman, went over to Holland to bring his master home. On his return he forwarded a petition to the King, and this petition, with other papers giving its sequel, are quoted below :
To the King's most excellent Majie.2
The humble petition of John Stone, Mason and Architect sheweth.
That your Maties. Petr. served your Maties Father of ever blessed memory and your Matie upon his owne charge several yeares, and lately horsed and armed a man for your Maties Service under Sir George Booth, and endeavoured to endeare as many of his friends to hazard in the same service. His father was servant to his late Matie in the Quality of Master Mason and Architect and had due to him for worke to the value of one thousand pounds, who for his loyalty was sequestred plundered and imprisoned. And whereas there is a Pretender, one Mr. Marshall, to his Father's place who in no kind served your Matie.
Hee most humbly begs that your Matie will be graciously pleased to take the Premises into your most serious consideration and conferre upon him his Father's place who pos- sessed it two and twenty years and died your Maties Servant.
and as in duty bound shall ever pray, &c. 1 Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 23069, f. 4. 2 State Papers Doni. Clias. II, vol. iii, No. 112.
NICHOLAS STONE'S SONS 29
This petition is endorsed on the back :
At ye Court att Whitehall, n June, 1660.
His Matie is graciously pleased to referr the consideration of this petition to ye right hon. Mr. Sec. Nicholas who is required to call both parties before him and to examine the p'tdnes on both sides and accordingly to certifie his Matie what he conceives fit for his Matie to doe concerning the Petrs. humble request. Robert Mason.
In the same volume, Paper No. 115, is the following interesting letter from Sir Christopher Hatton in recommendation of John's petition. There is no date or superscription, but it is evidently addressed to Secretary Nicholas.
SIR,
I understand the business concerning Mr. Stone is referred to you. I am sure he (as all men else) shall receive justice from you ; but if you shall be pleased to adde favour to him as a most honest cavalier in all these tymes and a most able skilfull person in his profession of whom I have had much experience : To his gratitude I shall add the acknow- ledgement of
Sir,
Your very humble servant,
CHR. HATTON.
Lastly, in Slate Papers, Chas. II, Vol. n, No. 98 (Docquct p. 34) is a document containing several Patent Grants, amongst them being that so much desired by John Stone :
I3th of King Charles the and. Anno 1660. 1661. August 1660.
The office of Mr. Mason of his Maties Castle of Windsor to John Stone during his life with the ffee of i2d p. diem.
These records give useful information, as the petition suggests that John must have served in the Army for several years, and the incident of his providing a horse and armed man under Sir George Booth,1 probably on the occasion of Monck's march to London with his army from the north in February 1659-60 for the purpose of declaring for the Restoration of the King, shows that although not being sufficiently strong in health to serve himself, his military and loyal enthusiasm was not abated, and also, incidentally, that he was not without means. The reference to his father suggests the difficulties under which he laboured during the Civil Wars.
Although John obtained the office to which he aspired, he was apparently incapable of exercising it personally, as, according to Stoakes, he sold it to his
1 Sir George Booth, Bt., was one of the twelve members deputed to convey to the King the recall of his house. He was created Baron Dclamere in 1661.
3o NICHOLAS STONE'S SONS
competitor for the post, Joshua Marshall,1 and he died at St. Cross's Hospital, Winchester, in September 1667, being buried in the church of St. Martin-in-the- Fields on the eleventh of that month, his name being entered in the register as ' Capitanus Stone '. No memorial appears to have been erected to him, but at the bottom of Henry's tablet Charles Stoakes many years later added :
June 1699.
Four rare Stones are gone
The father and three sons.
in memory of whome their near kinsman
Charles Stoakes repaired this Tomb.
As has been before mentioned, it is not easy to determine to what extent John Stone was himself a practical statuary. We have seen that he employed Caius Gabriel Cibber as his foreman, at any rate during the latter part of his career, and that Thomas Burman and Anthony Ellis — the latter an apprentice of his father, born in 1620— assisted him in his work, and probably there may have been others. We know that he had practised the engraver's art, that he was apparently a good man oi business, that Stoakes called him an excellent architect, and that he had some knowledge of drawing; the probabilities are that he managed the business and made designs for the monuments entrusted to him, but that he left the execution of them and the modelling of the busts to trained craftsmen.
The architecture of John Stone's monuments generally shows a want of knowledge of detail and composition, but there are certain features in both architectural and ornamental details recurring in most of the tablets which suggest that they were at all events the design of one man. The busts — there are four of them — are good in modelling and execution, especially those to John and Elizabeth Cresswell in Newbottle Church, Northants, whilst, from the point of composition, the tablet to Sir John Bankes in Christ Church Cathedral is the most successful example.
NICHOLAS STONE'S KINSMEN.
None of Nicholas Stone's sons married, and after the death of John in 1667 the nearest blood relative appears to have been Charles Stoakes, who came into possession of his business books, and it is from him that so much informa- tion has been obtained, either directly or through Vertue, respecting the Stone family. He made use of both the Note-book and Account book for the entry here and there on the blank pages of sundry accounts and memoranda, and from his notes he appears to have been merely a small jobbing builder. He
1 A warrant for the grant to Joshua Marshall of the office of Master Mason at Windsor, void by the death of John Stone, was issued on June 17, 1673. — State Papers Dom. Chas. II, entry book 36, p. 233. He was Warden of the Masons' Company in 1665-6 and Master in 1670.
NICHOLAS STONE'S KINSMEN 31
called Nicholas Stone ' his uncle ', but I am inclined to think that he was more probably his great-uncle. He notes in the Account book that he began the world, that is to say he married, in September 1666 : we know that he restored Henry's monument in 1699, an<^ he must have been still alive well into the eighteenth century,1 as Vertue (1684-1756), to whom he gave so much informa- tion, did not commence the collection of his historical notes until 1713. Stone, in the cancelled portion of his will, left ' unto Charles Stoakes, my kinsman three pounds '. I am inclined to think that he was therefore the father of the above Charles Stoakes. Whether it was from Stone's father's or his mother's side that he was descended is uncertain.
We know that Stone had a sister, who married Andrew Kearne, a German sculptor, who assisted him in his work, and of whom mention is made later. In the cancelled portion of his will Stone left ' unto Grace the nowe wife of Andrewe Kerne and all her children tenn pounds vizt. five pounds to herself and the other five pounds amongst her children. The expression 'nowe wife' is ambiguous ; he does not call her his sister, and yet if she was a second wife it is difficult to understand why this ten pounds should have been left to her and her children.2
Gabriel Stacey is a name which occurs frequently in Stone's Account books. He mentions paying money to 'my Cousin Gabriel Stacey' and also to 'my Cousin Ann Stacey by her husband's appointment ', which leaves us in doubt which of the two, Gabriel or Ann, was the blood relation : he occupied a house on the north side of Long Acre belonging to Stone, and he had intended leaving ' unto Gabarill Stacie and Anne his wife tenn pounds ' under his first will. Stacey acted in the capacity of Clerk of Works under Stone during the progress of the building operations at Oxford and Cornbury in 1631-2, and later he was engaged on mason's work at Somerset House and Greenwich.
THE DE KEYSER FAMILY.
The Stones and the de Keysers were so intimately connected, not only in relationship but also in business and domestic affairs, that this account of Nicholas Stone will be more complete if some information respecting the Dutch family is given, more especially as they all practised the kindred arts or crafts of architecture, painting, and sculpture. Mr. A. W. Weissman, of Amsterdam, has very kindly given me information respecting them.
1 Mr. Spiers appears to have overlooked the following notes which were written by Stoakes on the fly-leaf of Stone's Account Book. ' In the yeare 1676 on the 25th of June I Broak my legg in 3 Legg Alley in Show Lane. C. H. Stoakes ' ; and written beside this, ' 45 years agoe now being 1721 '. So Stoakes was living in 1721. [Eo.]
2 Andrew Kearne married Grace Kippingcot in 1627, by whom he had Maria, b. 1628, Grace, b. 1632, and Thomas, b. 1635 ; Register of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields.
32 THE DE KEYSER FAMILY
Hendrik de Keyser, Stone's father-in-law, was the son of Cornells de Keyser, a cabinet-maker of Utrecht. He was born in 1565, and was apprenticed to Cornelis Bloemart, a sculptor and architect of repute in that town. -He came to Amsterdam about the year 1591, where he practised as a sculptor, and in 1595 was appointed Master Mason and Sculptor to the city, amongst the build- ings which he designed in virtue of that office being the Exchange, based to a great extent on Sir Thomas Gresham's Exchange, and the Zuider Kerk. His sculptural works include the monument to Admiral Jacob van Heemskirck, in the Oude Kerk at Amsterdam, and the magnificent one to Prince William of Orange erected at Delft between 1614 and 1621. He married Barbara van Wildre, of Antwerp, in 1591, and died in 1621, leaving one daughter and four sons.
Maria de Keyser, the eldest, born in 1592, was married, as has already been mentioned, to Nicholas Stone in April 1613 ; she died in October 1647.
Peter de Keyser, the eldest son, born in 1595, practised as a sculptor and mason in Amsterdam, and on the death of his father he succeeded him in his official position as Master Mason to the city ; he resigned the post, however, in 1645, and carried on his private business only, amongst his works being the monument of Count William of Nassau at Leeuwurden. In the note-books of both Stone and his son Nicholas, Peter's name, as well as that of his brother Thomas, is now and again mentioned in connexion with the receipt of marble sent over to England by them, and with the shipping of alabaster and Portland stone to Amsterdam. He died in 1676.
Thomas de Keyser, born in 1597, was apprenticed to his father, but early in life he forsook the chisel for the brush, and became known as a famous portrait painter. Under him Henry Stone studied painting for some years until his visit to Italy with his brother Nicholas in 1638. In 1640 Thomas again took up sculpture, and in 1662 he also was appointed Master Mason and Sculptor to the city. He died in Amsterdam in 1669. In the National Gallery is a painting by him, ' A Merchant and his Clerk '.
William de Keyser, born in 1603, came over to England in 1621, and was probably apprenticed to his brother-in-law. Whilst in this country he married Walburga Parker. In 1640 he returned to Amsterdam, and seven years later received the official appointment previously held by his father and eldest brother, and subsequently by his brother Thomas. He was a talented artist and executed many fine bas-reliefs which adorned the city buildings; he was, however, dismissed in 1653, and a few years later he again visited England, where he lived and worked for many years. He was known to have been still in London in 1674, but previous to 1678 he had returned to Amsterdam and was engaged on the monument to Admiral de Ruyter in the Nieuwe Kerk. Professor Six of Amsterdam, in an essay on the sculptural work of Hendrik de
THE DE KEYSER FAMILY 33
Keyser, considers that William probably executed many monuments whilst in England, and ascribes to him 'with confidence' that in the south aisle of West- minster Abbey to Sir Charles Harbord and Clement Cottrell, who were killed in the naval fight in Southwold Bay in 1672, the bas-relief being so characteristic of his work.
Hendrik de Keyser, the youngest son, born in 1613, also studied under his brother-in-law in Long Acre. He came to England in 1634, and returned to Amsterdam after his death in 1647. He practised till his death in 1665. He married whilst in England — probably in 1639 — his wife's name being Elizabeth Bellamy.
NICHOLAS STONE'S ASSISTANTS.
It may be assumed that in his statuary yard and studio Stone employed a regular — if small — staff of assistants and apprentices, amongst the latter of whom Mr. Weissman mentions two of the sons of Hendrik de Keyser; but in addition to these it will be noted that in his account book he gives the names of many craftsmen who sub-contracted for the execution of sundry portions of his work. These were probably not in his regular employ, but would be called in to assist him at times perhaps when he was unusually pressed, working by piecework, and it would possibly be the case that some of these had been at one time apprentices or craftsmen who had commenced work on their own account, and whom he would be glad to help, apart from the advantage which would accrue from their knowledge of his methods. The outside assistance that he made use of was comparatively small, and it was not continuous. The only record of such work occurs in the account book, which was in use between 1631 and 1642. During that period of twelve years Stone executed, amongst other work, about forty-five monuments, and in regard to only eleven of these is there any mention of outside assistance being given, whilst in respect of the highest class of work, that of the carving of effigies, it is only so in the case of three monuments. In 1631 Humphrey Mayer ' was entrusted with the completion of the effigy of Dr. Donne in St. Paul's Cathedral ; in 1638 Richard White carved the effigy of Lady Spencer, and John Hargrave that of Lord Spencer for the monument in Great Brington Church ; and in the following year Hargrave also carved Sir Edward Coke's effigy in Tittleshall Church. The prices paid to the last two by Stone was £14 or £I5 for each effigy ; in both instances the agreements show that they were to be carved in accordance with directions given, and though the term 'models' is not used by him we must assume that Stone himself, as a matter of course, made the models from which they were carved and also put the final touches to
1 Humphrey Mayer was Warden of the Masons' Company in 1645 and in 1649, ar>d Master in 1653.
VII. F
34 NICHOLAS STONE'S ASSISTANTS
the work, especially when we consider how small a sum he paid to them in proportion to the cost of the monuments — for the Coke monument .£400, and for the Spencer /6oo.
Robert Pooke was a craftsman who seems to have been more frequently employed than any other, the nature of his work being the more ordinary working and polishing of the masonry of various monuments and their subse- quent fixing ; and the only others whom it is necessary to mention are Anthony Goor and Harry Ackers, who carved the corner-stones and fine achievements of arms on the Villiers tomb at Westminster, Jan Schoerman, who carved the achievement on the Spencer monument, and Andreas Kearne, who, according to Stoakes, carved one of the figures on the Water-gate at Somerset House, and one of the lions on that of York House.
Nothing appears to be known oi any original work of the various craftsmen employed by Stone with the exception of that of Schoerman and Kearne, a fact which suggests that it may have been only of value when under the supervision of a master mind ; of these two, however, Vertue has been able to give some information.1 John Schoerman was born at Embden in the Low Countries; he executed for Sir John Danvers, of Chelsea, two sitting figures of shepherds and a group of Hercules and Antaeus, for which he received respectively £6 and £16, and an effigy of Sir Thomas Lucy for his monument in Charlcote Church, at a cost of £20 los. ; and another of Lord Belhaven at Holyrood, at a cost of £18; he also did some work for Sir Simon Baskerville. Andreas Kearne was a German who married Nicholas Stone's sister. He carved some statuary for Sir Justinian Isham, of Lamport, Northants, and statues of Apollo and Venus for the Countess of Mulgrave. These, for which he obtained ^7 apiece, were six feet in height and were of Portland stone.
Mention should also be made of a better known sculptor, Caius Gabriel Gibber, who worked under John Stone as his foreman, and who would therefore have probably been largely responsible for the monuments attributed to him. He was born at Flensborg, in Schleswig, in 1630, and at an early age showed so much natural talent for sculpture that the King of Denmark sent him to Rome at his own cost to study there. He came to England, however, when still young, as it would have probably been between the years 1653 and 1660 that he worked for John Stone, the latter year being the date of the master's attack of the palsy. After leaving Stone's employment his work, as far as is known, was mpre particularly that of classical sculpture, the Duke of Devonshire, for whom he executed a considerable amount of statuary at Chatsworth, being one of his patrons. In London he is best known as the sculptor of the two figures, ' Melancholy ' and ' Raving madness ', formerly at the entrance to Bethlem Hospital in Moorfields, now at Guildhall, and of the Phoenix in the pediment
1 Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 23069, pp. 10-11.
PLATE I
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SPECIMEN PAGE OF THE ACCOUNT BOOK, FOL. 22.
NICHOLAS STONE'S ASSISTANTS 35
over the end of the south transept of St. Paul's. He was also architect of the Danish Church in Wellclose Square, erected in 1694-6, in which he was buried in 1700. The church was taken down in 1869. He executed in 1678 the monument at Buckhurst to Thomas Sackvillc, son of Richard, fifth Earl ot Dorset, and doubtless many other monuments in this country are the work of his hands.
THE MS. NOTE-BOOKS IN THE SOANE MUSEUM.
The MS. note-books of the Stone family in the Soane Museum are four in number; two of them are the note-books of the father, which are transcribed in this volume, and the other two are the sketch-books of his sons Henry and Nicholas, which have already been referred to (pp. 21 and 24). On the death of John, the youngest and last surviving son, in 1667, they passed by inheritance into the hands of Charles Stoakes, Stone's great-nephew, who apparently carried on for a time the little that was left of the business. Stoakes probably disposed of them either to William or John Talman, who, as we have seen (p. 24), appear to have at one time owned a fifth Stone MS. — the diary of Nicholas Stone the younger, now in the British Museum — or directly to George Vertue, the antiquary and engraver, who embodied portions of them in his own note-books, and on whose death in 1756 they were purchased, at the sale of his effects, by James Paine, the architect. On Paine's death his son became the owner, and after his decease the four volumes were purchased by Sir John Soane at Christie's in March 1830 for ,£34 155. All four volumes have the book-plates of Paine and Soane.
The first is a i2mo volume, referred to in this work as 'the Note-book', bound in red morocco, the size of the leaves being 6| by 4*- inches. In it Stone has noted down a list of works carried out by him between 1614 and 1641, together with his charges for the same ; these notes are all in the handwriting of Stone himself, and occupy twenty-two leaves, the writing being with one exception on one side of the leaf only. This list is followed by another in the handwriting of John Stone, giving a list of monuments erected by himself between the years 1650 and 1657. The first one on the list, however, was the joint production of himself and his brother Henry, and is dated 1653, the date of the latter's death. This list occupies three pages. After this second list are some thirty blank leaves, followed by nine leaves, on which are written by Nicholas Stone a diary of sundry political events occurring between November 3, 1640, and October 23, 1642, the date of the battle of Edgehill. The remainder of the volume, some fifty more leaves, is blank excepting for some later notes by Vertue.
Charles Stoakes has given at the end of both father's and son's lists of
F 2
36 NOTE-BOOKS IN THE SOANE MUSEUM
works a calculation of the value of the works executed by them respectively, but in neither instance are the figures to be relied on. He also has interpolated here and there various memoranda of his own, most of which, however, have at some later time been pasted over. Vertue also has written at the beginning and end of the volume rough schedules of Stone's works, extracted from his notes in both MSS., neither of which, however, is complete, and in both volumes he has inserted a few notes bearing upon the history of father and sons.
This note-book was evidently written by Stone kite in life, probably about 1641. The list which he gives of his executed works has the appearance of having been noted down to a great extent from memory, rather than being a compilation from his account books. It is far from being complete, as he omits many works which are mentioned in the other — Account — book; the works are not necessarily entered in the order of execution, but probably as his memory served him, and two or three monuments erected in one church are frequently grouped together irrespective of date, and the same with regard to his domestic work.
The names of persons and places mentioned by him are not always to be depended upon as being correct, and Stone frequently adopted a phonetic spelling of proper names which is somewhat misleading ; sometimes the surname of the person only is given, and in some cases that of the place where his monu- ment is set up is omitted, or the locality only mentioned ; for example, ' a tomb for Capetayn Hiham ... set up in Essex by Clare ; ' this monument in reality being to Captain Thomas Higham, at Wickhambrook in Suffolk, seven miles north of Clare; or, again, 'a tomb for Mr. After Cook ... set up at Bramton in Soffolk,' which should read, to Mr. Arthur Coke set up at Bramfield. And, finally, one is at times left in doubt whether the name mentioned is that of the person ordering the monument or of the person in whose memory it was erected. These little ' pleasantries ', whilst adding zest to one's researches, have made it in many cases difficult, and in some cases impossible, to locate some of the monuments.
Vertue makes a note that the volume was originally in a parchment cover, and that he had it bound in its present morocco binding.
The second MS. is a small folio volume, half-bound in calf with paper sides, the binding being probably also of Vertue's time ; the size of the leaves is 12^ by ll inches. This Account book gives in some detail various agreements entered into between Stone and his clients on the one hand, and between him and various craftsmen who were not working under weekly wages on the other, for carving, polishing, and fixing certain portions of his work. The entries commence in 1631 and end in 1642 ; some of them refer to works not mentioned in his note-book, and which must therefore have been overlooked by him when compiling that work, whilst others amplify these notes ; as, however, they refer
NOTE-BOOKS IN THE SOANE MUSEUM 37
only to work carried out from 1631 onwards, it may be assumed that there were other similar account books relating to works executed previous to that date. It is unfortunate that these have been lost, as — apart from their giving more detailed information regarding the monuments, &c., which we know to have been his work— it is quite likely that we should have found in them record of other work similarly overlooked by him. This second MS. has the greater interest of the two as the entries were made in it from day to day, giving in some detail the materials used and the prices charged for the work carried out by him ; and at the same time it makes us acquainted with the names of various craftsmen who worked for him. The entries in this Account book are not all in the handwriting of Stone himself; as his sons grew up they were of assistance to him in his business, and as early as 1631 his son Nicholas— then only 13 years old — began making entries of accounts for his father, in a clerkly hand, and these continued at intervals until his leaving England in 1637. Some of the entries also were written by John, but they are not so frequent as were those of his brother. His first entries are in 1636, when he was 15 years old ; they then ceased for three years, recommencing in the autumn of 1639, an^ con- tinuing at intervals until May 1642, Nicholas Stone's own last entry in the book being in September of that year.
Occasionally some notes occur in the handwriting of others, such as George Starkey and Richard Cox, both probably clerks in the Controller's office at Windsor, and at the end of the book are a few accounts for jobbing work done, after the Restoration, by Charles Stoakes, which are without interest. Stoakes also gives a list of ' some of the most Eminentt workes that my Uncle Mr. Nickcolas Stone Senior did in England in Holland & Scottland'. No monuments are included in the list, which is practically a summary of his public work ; but it will be noted that in it are included buildings not mentioned by Stone himself in either of his volumes still in existence.
The entries in this volume are generally written on both sides of the page, but those on the right-hand side were evidently written first, excepting in a few cases where items are carried over. It frequently happens also, in the case of work in which payment is made in instalments, that space has been left for future entries which have been made later.
THE NOTE BOOK
Heading
byG.
Vertue.
AN ACCOUNT OF WORKES DONE BY NICHOLAS STONE SENR. ESQ.
MASTER MASON TO KING JAMES & KING CHARLES THE FIRST.
Foot-note by James Paine, Junr.
fol. i
1788.
THIS ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT OF NICHOLAS STONE MASTER MASON TO K. JAMES & CHARLES THE 1ST. WAS PURCHASED AT THE SALE OF MR. VERTUE ENGRAVER, BY JAMES PAINE SENR. ESQ. ARCHITECT TO KING GEORGE THE 3RD. & THE BOARD OF WORKS.
JAMES PAINE JUNR. ARCHT. &T SCULPTOR.
In June 1614 I Bargened with Ser Wallter Butlar for to mak a Tombe for the Earell of Ormon and to set it up in larland for the wich I had well payed me ioo,£ in hand and 130^" when the work was set up at Killkeny in larland.
1614. MONUMENT TO THOMAS BUTLER, IOTH EARL OF ORMONDE, IN ST. CANICE CATHEDRAL, KILKENNY, IRELAND.
This monument, which was' erected in Kilkenny Cathedral, no longer exists, having been 'destroyed by the usurpers' as Ledwick informs us.1 It is unfortunate that there is no drawing or description of this the first mentioned work of Stone.
Thomas Butler, loth Earl of Ormonde, K.G., known as ' the black Earl ' from the darkness of his complexion, was appointed Lord High Treasurer of Ireland by Queen Elizabeth in 1559. He married three times, but died without leaving any male issue in November 1614, at the age of 82, and the title devolved on his nephew, Sir Walter Butler, grandson of James, the ninth Earl.
1615. Agreid with Mr Grefen for to mak a Tombe for my lord of North hamton and to set it up in Dover Castell for the wich I had 500^" well payed I mad Mr Isak James a partner with me in cortisay be case he was my master 3 years that was 2 years of my prentes and on year journiman.
1615. CANOPIED ALTAR TOMB TO HENRY HOWARD, EARL OF NORTHAMPTON, THE REMAINS OF WHICH ARE NOW IN THE CHAPEL OF TRINITY HOSPITAL, GREENWICH, KENT. PLATE n.
The monument, originally placed in the church of St. Mary-within-the-Castle, Dover, was removed in 1696 by the Mercers' Company, owing to the ruinous condition of the building, and was re-erected in the Trinity Hospital, which had been founded by the
1 Antiquities of Ireland, by Edward Ledwick, 1804, p. 407 ; Burkes Peerage.
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THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 39
Earl in 1613, the body being also removed and re-interred there. Whilst that chapel, however, was being rebuilt in 1812 the monument was taken down carelessly and practically destroyed, and all that now remains is the fine kneeling effigy, which has been placed on a modern white marble base at the south side of the chapel, a few damaged and weather-worn figures, and two achievements of arms.
From descriptions of the monument given by Lysons1 and Hasted2 it appears to have consisted of a white-veined marble altar tomb, supporting a baldachino resting on eight square pillars and enclosing a black marble sarcophagus. At the four corners were figures representing the four cardinal virtues, and over the centre of the canopy, the white marble effigy of the Earl in a kneeling posture, wearing plate armour, the mantle of a Knight of the Garter, and ruff: he apparently also wore a sword, which has now disappeared. At the corners of the canopy sat four cherubs supporting cartouches bearing the arms of the Howard, Brotherton, Warren, and Mowbray families. At the ends of the base of the monument were panels, on which were carved achievements of arms. Mr. C. H. Tatham (1772-1842), an architect and antiquary, who in the latter part of his life was Warden of the Hospital, made a conjectural restoration of the monument from the descriptions given, and from the fragments existing at his time ; the drawing, a copy of which is reproduced here, being in the British Museum.3 The canopy in his restoration seems to be clumsy, but without knowledge of the data from which he made his drawing it is impossible to judge how far his details are correct.
Henry Howard, created Earl of Northampton in 1603, was born at Shotesham in Norfolk in 1539. He was the second son of Henry, Earl of Surrey, eldest son of Thomas, third Duke of Norfolk. He was made a Privy Councillor in 1603, Lord Privy Seal and K.G. in 1605, and Chancellor of the University of Cambridge in 1612. He died unmarried on June 15, 1614.
fol. 2 In March 1615. Agreed with Ser John Bennet in Warwick lane to mak a Tombe fer his wif and set it up in the Menster of Yorke for the wich I had 35^" well payed.
1615. MURAL TABLET TO ANNE BENNET IN YORK MINSTER. PLATE vi (a).
This being the earliest work of Nicholas Stone still complete has some interest on that account alone. It is perhaps the most playful and original of all his designs, having a feeling of the Early French Renaissance. The tablet, which is in the south aisle of the choir, at the east end, is constructed of alabaster and black marble. The effigy is a half- length figure in a square-cut bodice, mantle, and ruff. It is placed in a niche with a well-designed canopy, on each side of which is a harpy (a somewhat uncomplimentary attribute), whose wings are arched over the canopy. The corbel is formed of a charming group of a cupid standing on a winged skull and two more harpies. Surmounting the canopy is a demi-virgin with wings, holding a shield in her right hand and a trumpet in her left.
Anne Bennet was the daughter of Christopher Weeks, of Salisbury, and the wife of Sir John Bennet, Kt., D.C.L.. of Dawley, co. Middlesex. He was elected M.P. for York in 1601, and was knighted in 1603. He held at different periods the appointments of Vicar-General of the Archdiocese of York, Judge of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury,
1 The Environs of London, by Rev. Daniel Lysons, 1792-6, vol. iv, p. 486.
2 History of Kent, by Edward Hasted ; new edition of The Hundred of Blackheath, by H. H. Drake, 1886, p. 91.
3 Brit. Mus. Add. MS. No. 32364, Illustrations to Hasted's History of Kent, Plate 186.
40 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
and Chancellor to the Archbishop of York, and to Queen Anne, the Consort of James I. His wife died in 1601, before his knighthood, and he in 1627. They were ancestors of the Earls of Tankerville.
In May 1615 I did set up a Tombe for Ser Thomas Bodly in Oxford for the wich Mr Hackwell of Lencons end [Lincoln's Inn] payed me ioo,£ of good mony.
1615. MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR THOMAS BODLEY IN THE CHAPEL OF MERTON COLLEGE, OXFORD. PLATE Frontispiece.
The monument was formerly in the choir, but it is now on the west wall of the north transept. It is executed in white and black marbles, and is somewhat quaint in con- ception, the pilasters and capitals being formed of bound and clasped volumes, in playful suggestion of his love of books. The effigy, a half-length figure in doublet, gown, and plain broad collar, stands in an oval niche, a form frequently adopted by Stone, surround- ing which are four female figures in low relief representing the arts and sciences. In a tablet beneath is a similar relief, and standing on pedestals or reclining on the pediment are five figures in full relief, also emblematic. These figures are somewhat lacking in grace, and have the elongated necks characteristic of Stone's earlier work.
Sir Thomas Bodley was born in Exeter in 1545. He was educated at Magdalen College, and later became a Fellow of Merton. Queen Elizabeth employed him frequently in diplomatic work on embassies to France, Denmark, Germany, and the Low Countries ; but he later devoted his life to the formation of the magnificent Library at Oxford called after his name.
Sir Thomas was knighted by James I in 1604, and died at his house near Smithfield on January 28, 1612-13, aged 67, being buried in his college chapel.
In November 1615 Mr Janson in Southwork and I did set up a tombe for Mr Sottone at Charter hous for the wich we had 400^ well payed but the letell monemont of Mr Lawes was included the wich I mad and all the carven work of Mr. Sottons tombe.
1615. MURAL MONUMENT TO THOMAS SUTTON IN THE CHAPEL OF THE CHARTERHOUSE, LONDON. PLATES in and iv.
1615. MURAL TABLET TO JOHN LAW IN THE SAME CHAPEL. PLATE v.
The Sutton monument was the joint work of Nicholas Stone and Nicholas Jansen, the latter being probably responsible for the design, and possibly also for the execution of the architectural portion of the work, as Stone states that he undertook all the sculpture, of which there is an unusual amount.
The materials mainly employed are alabaster for the body of the work, and black marble for the columns and inscription panels. The effigy of Sutton, which is of alabaster, painted, is a stately one ; he is clothed in a doublet, fur-lined robe, and ruff, and lies on an altar-slab under a trabeated canopy supported on Corinthian columns. At the back of the recess is a large inscription-tablet enclosed in a ribbon border, and supported by two figures in plate armour with finely carved heads. It has been stated that these figures are intended to represent Sutton 's two executors, Richard Sutton and John Law ; but it is more probable that they are only conventional figures suggesting his earlier military career, as they are practically identical, and neither of them bears any resem- blance to the portrait of John Law as represented in his memorial tablet.
PLATE III
MURAL MONUMENT TO THOMAS BUTTON IN THE CHAPEL OF THE CHARTERHOUSE, LONDON. 1615.
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THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 41
Above the cornice is a large sculptured panel representing possibly Sutton, or more probably the Master of the Charterhouse, addressing the brethren from a pulpit— termed in the description ' the storye'. The whole is surmounted by an achievement of arms somewhat out of scale with the rest of the monument, flanked by columns carrying an entablature, on which stands a female figure with young children, representing charity supported by two amorini, and elsewhere are other emblematical figures. Above the inscription-tablet is a skull supporting an hour-glass between two figures, a child blowing bubbles and Time with his scythe, representing youth and old age. The monument is enclosed with a wrought-iron railing executed by William Shawe, whose receipts for the work extend from February 1614-15 to February 1615-16. The receipt for the final payment for the monument is given here :
' Be it known unto all men by there psents that wee Nicholas Johnson, Edmond Kinsesman, and Nicholas Stone, citizens and ffreemasons of London, have receaved and had, this 24th daye of November 1615, anno xiii R. Jacobi, of Richard Sutton esq. executor of the laste will and testamt. of Thomas Sutton esq. deceased, in full payement of fouer hundreth pounds for the making fynishing guilding and setting up of a monument or tombe on the northe side of the Chappell within the Hospitall of King James founded in Charterhouse for the said Thomas Sutton, founder of the same hospitall, which tombe is in heighth xxv foote, and in bredthe xiii foote and is sett oute and garnished with dvse cullomes pedistalles capitalls pictures tables and armes of allablaster louche rannce and other hard stone, wee fynding all manner of stuffe and woorkemanship according to an agreamt. in that behalfe made, the some of one hundreth poundes of lawfull money of England over and besides three hundredth pounds of like lawfull money by us formerly receaved of the said Rich Sutton. In witnes whereof wee have hereunto sett our hands and scales the day and yeare aforesaid.
Nicholas Johnson, Edmond Kinseman. Sealed and delivered in the psence of us Nicholas Stone.
John Wotton.
William Shaw.
Wi: Dawney.'
This Nicholas Jansen was probably the father of Bernard Jansen, the reputed architect of Audley End and of portions of Northumberland House ; Bernard was associated later with Stone in the execution of the monument to Sir Nicholas Bacon in Redgrave Church, Suffolk. Edmund Kinsman, whose name is here connected with Stone's and Jansen's, though not mentioned by Stone in his note, was again associated with him in 1632 in reporting on some underpinning work at St. Paul's Cathedral.
Thomas Sutton was born at Knayth, co. Lincoln, in 1532. In early life he became a student of Lincoln's Inn : he afterwards joined the Army and saw active service in the north of England, holding the appointment of Master and Surveyor of the Ordnance in the northern parts of the realm in 1569-70, and he commanded a battery at the siege of Edinburgh in 1573. Sutton obtained great wealth from his coal mines in Durham, and in 1611 purchased the estate of the Charterhouse from the Duke of Suffolk for £13,000, endowing it as a charity for the support of pensioners of gentle descent, and as a school for the education and maintenance of forty boys. He died on December 22 of that year at the age of 79, and was buried in the north aisle of the chapel, near the east end.
John Law, whose 'letell monement' was made by Stone without extra cost, was one of the executors of Sutton's estate. He died on October 17, 1614, aged 6r. VII. G
42 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
The small tablet, which is placed rather high up on the west wall of nave, is similar in many respects to the one erected to Anne Bennet at York ; the figures at the sides of the panel containing the bust, however, represent angels instead of harpies. The effigy of John Law is a half-length figure wearing a black robe over a doublet, and a ruff. Beneath the bust is a skull, and in the broken pediment surmounting the tablet is a cupid blowing bubbles, seated astride a skull. The monument is executed in alabaster, the effigy, shield of arms, and some of the flat fillets being painted or gilded. The inscription- tablet is of veined black marble.
fol. 3 I mad a tombe for Ser Thomas Cambell and set it up in the Old Jury in London for the wich I had 60 pond well payed.
1614? MONUMENT TO SIR THOMAS CAMBELL IN THE CHURCH OF ST. OLAVE, JEWRY,
. LONDON.
The monument no longer exists, but Strype, 1720 edition, refers to it as a very fair and costly one at the east end of the chancel, and quotes the inscription. It is doubtful, however, whether it survived the Great Fire.
Sir Thomas Cambell, son of Thomas Cambell, of Fulsam, co. Norfolk, was knighted in 1604. He was a member of the Grocers' Company, and filled the office of Sheriff in 1600, and that of Lord Mayor in 1609. He married Alice, daughter of Edward Bugle, merchant, and died in February 1613-14 at the age of 78.
In Febuary 1615 I took a tombe and a chemny peces of Ser Henry Bel- lesess to be set up at Yorke for the wich I had well payed 150^".
1615-16. MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR HENRY AND LADY BELASYSE IN YORK MINSTER.
PLATE vi (d).
The monument is in the north aisle of the choir, and is constructed mainly of alabaster and black marble, the columns being of a reddish-veined marble. The effigies of Sir Henry and his wife are kneeling on a shallow altar-tomb under a two-arched canopy supported by columns of the Corinthian order. That of Sir Henry is in plate armour, trunk hose, and ruff; and his wife wears a black gown, stomacher, farthingale, ruff, mantle, and starched or wired head-dress. Her effigy is entirely painted, whilst that of Sir Henry has only the face painted. Beneath them, in a sunk panel, are kneeling figures of their three children in high relief. In the central spandrel between the arches is a cupid blowing bubbles, in low relief, a subject which we have already seen in the monuments to Sutton and Law. At the summit is an achievement of arms, above which is a skull crowned with laurel, whilst distributed over the monument and in the string- course above it are numerous small shields emblazoned in colour.
The figures are of a more conventional type than that employed by Stone later, but they are finely sculptured, and the heads have the appearance of being portraits.
Sir Henry Belasyse, of Newborough, co. York, was the son and heir of Sir William Belasyse, Knt. He was knighted by James I at York in 1603, and created a baronet on the institution of that order in 1611. He married Ursula, daughter of Sir Thomas Fairfax, of Denton, co. York, and had issue Thomas, his successor, afterwards created Baron and Viscount Fauconberg (whose monument Stone erected at Coxwold in 1632, see p. 90) ; Dorothy, married to Sir Conyers Darcy, Knt. ; and Mary, to Sir William Lister, Knt.1 There are no dates given on the inscriptions.
The chimney-piece mentioned by Stone has not been traced.
1 Progresses of King James I, by John Nichols, 1828, vol. iii, p. 280.
PLATE VI
MURAL TABLET TO ANNE BENNKT IN YORK MINSTKR. 1615.
(ll) MURAL TABLET TO THOMAS ANliUISH IN THK CHURCH OF ST. CiEORliK AT TOMB- LAND, NORWICH. 1617.
CANOPIED MONUMENT TO SIR THOMAS HEWAR IN
ST. EDMUND'S CHURCH, EMNETH, NORFOLK. 1617-18.
(<f) MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR HENRY AND LADY BELASYSK IN YORK MINSTER. 1615-16.
THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 43
At the sam time I agred with Ser Gorges Sellbee of new Castell for a tombe for himselfe and his wif desesed : to be set up at new Castell in northomberland : and it was mad of can [Caen] stone and I was payed from his owen hand 600 ponds.
1615. MONUMENT TO SIR GEORGE AND LADY SELBY IN ST. NICHOLAS' CHURCH, NEWCASTLE, co. NORTHUMBERLAND.
Sir George erected this monument in his lifetime, probably soon after the death of his wife ; but though he made provision in his will for its future repair, it was allowed to go into decay and was wholly removed in 1783, an advertisement in the Newcastle Chronicle of February of that year advertising its sale and giving its height as 18 feet and its width 12 feet. Brand, in his history of Newcastle, gives a poor engraving of the mutilated lower portion of the monument, showing fragments of the reclining effigies of Sir George and his wife, Margaret, and beneath them, in a panel, small kneeling figures of their six daughters.
Sir George Selby, Merchant Adventurer, of the ancient family of Selby, co. York, born 1557, was knighted in July 1603. He was Mayor of Newcastle four times, M.P. for the town 1601-3, and served the office of Sheriff of his county in 1607. He was noted for his splendid hospitality, and King James stayed at his house during his visit to Newcastle in 1617. He died in 1625 at the age of 68.1
fol. 4 Jully 1616 was I sent in to Scotland at Edcnborrowe whar I undertook to do work in the Kinges Chapell and for the Kinges Closet and the organ so much as cam to 450^ of wenscot work the wich I parformed and hed my mony well payed and 50^ was geven to drenk whar of I had 2o£ geven me by the Kings comand.
This beautiful thirteenth-century chapel is now in ruins, the only portion remaining being fragments of the nave. Stone's work seems strangely enough to have been entirely wainscoting and not masonry, none of which remains in the chapel ; but some of the material may possibly have been removed, and may still exist in other parts of the palace.
In the Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, vol. x, pp. 593-4, are the following records relating to Stone's work :
'i Aug. 1616. His Majesty having "gevin expres command and directioun for repairing of his Majesties chapell within the Palice of Halirudhous with daskis, stallis, laftis, and otheris necessaris, in suche decent and comelie forme and maner as is aggreable to his Majesties princelie estaite ", and it having been founcl that " this work could not be gottin so perfytlie and well done within this cuntrey as is requisite", therefore Sir Gedeone Murray of Elibank, Treasurer Depute, "with the speciall advise and consent of the Lordis of his Majesties Privie Counsall, hes conditioned and aggreit with Nicholas Stone carvair, citienair of Lundone, for making, perfyting, and upsetting of the said worke within the said chappell, upoun payment to be maid be the said Deputie Thesaurair to him of the sowme of foure hundreth and fiftie pundis sterling, lauchfull money of England, at certane termes mentionet and contenit in the contract and appunctuament past betuix thame thairanent, as the same of the daite the day of August instant bearis." The Lords
1 History of the Town and County of Newcastle on tync, by John Brand, 1789.
G 2
44 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
now allow the agreement, and order the receivers of the rents to make timeous pay- ment of the said sum to Nicholas Stone, "and to releve the said Deputie Thesaurair of all payment of the said sowme, or otherwayes as the said Deputie Thesaurair sail think more expedient for his releif of the said sowme." They also allow that he " reteene in his awne handis so mutche of his Majesties moneyis as will compleitlie pay the said sowme, for retentioun quhairof the extract of thir presentis salbe unto him a warrand.'
Vol. xi, pp. 6, 67. ' On March 18, 1617, [n. s.] At a meeting of Council. A warrant to pay 20o£ to Matthew Goodrich, citizen and painter of London, as per contract with him for painting and gilding the Chapel of Holyrood House, and for the payment also to Nicholas Stone, " carvair and citienair of Lundone ", 450^ as per contract, for " bigging and setting up of ane parpane wall with certane daskis and utheris ornamentis in the said chappell of Haliruidhous" according to the contract.'
It is probable that this work at Holyrood was carried out under the direction of Inigo Jones, as John Chamberlain in one of his gossiping letters to Dudley Carleton, dated December 7, 1616, writes with reference to an intended visit of James I to Holy- rood, ' We hear they make great preparations there to be in their best equipage and from hence [London], many things are sent, but especially a pair of organs that cost above £400, besides all manner of furniture for a Chapel, which Inigo Jones tells me he hath the charge of, with pictures of the Apostles, Faith, Hope, and Charity, and such other religious representations ; which how welcome they will be thither God knows.' l
It may be interesting to note that they were not welcome, and that, upon protest from the Scottish people, the figures of the Apostles were countermanded by the King, but not without a sneer at their narrow-mindedness in their enduring lions, dragons, and devils to be figured in their churches, but not saints.
In 1616 I ded a Tombe For Sr. Roger Wilbraham and set it up at Hadly by Barnet for the wich I had 8o,£ well payed by the hands of Mr Grefing of Gresesfad the Consler.
1616. MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR ROGER AND LADY WILBRAHAM IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, HADLEY, MIDDLESEX. PLATE vn.
The monument was originally placed on the south wall of the chancel, but it is now at the west end of the south aisle and is badly lit. In two oval niches are the half-length effigies of Sir Roger and his lady, flanked by Corinthian columns supporting an entabla- ture with broken pediment enclosing an achievement of arms. In the lower portion of the monument are small kneeling figures of their three daughters. Sir Roger wears a doublet, gown, and ruff, and holds a skull in his right hand, and his wife a bodice, gown, ruff, and stiffened hood. The tablet is mainly of alabaster, with black marble panels and veined marble shafts; and amongst the accessories are two escutcheons, a cherub, and three skulls.
Sir Roger Wilbraham was Solicitor-General in Ireland in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and Master of Requests to James I. He was knighted in 1603, and died in 1611. He married Mary, daughter of Edward Baber.2
1 Progresses of King James I, by John Nichols, 1828, vol. iii, pp. 229-30.
2 Ibid., vol. i, p. 220.
PLATE VII
MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR ROGER AND LADY WILBRAHAM IN ST. MARy's CHURCH, HADLEY, MIDDLESEX. l6l6.
PLATE VI11
MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR ROBERT DRURY, KNT., IN ALL SAINTS CHURCH, HASTEAD, SUFFOLK. 1617.
THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 45
fol. 5 This year 1617 I mad a Tombe for Sr. Thomas Hayes of London and set it up in Aldermanbery for the wich I had ioo/.
1617. MONUMENT TO SIR THOMAS HAYES IN THE CHURCH OF ST. MARY, ALDERMANBURY, LONDON.
Sir Thomas Hayes, the son of Sir Thomas Hayes, of Westminster, was knighted in 1603. He served the office of Sheriff in 1604, that of Lord Mayor in 1614, and died in 1617 at the age of 70. The monument was probably partly destroyed in the fire of 1666, but an inscription on the south wall of the chancel is mentioned by both Hatton and Strype.
And in 1617 I mad a tombe for Sr. Robert Drury of Suffolk and sc tit up by Sent Eedmonsbery in the Cherch of Hastted for the wich I war payed 140^. 1617. MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR ROBERT DRURY, KT., IN ALL SAINTS' CHURCH, HASTEAD, SUFFOLK. PLATE vm.
The monument, which stands against the north wall of the chancel, is a fine one of somewhat unusual design, and is an early instance of Stone's departure from the Eliza- bethan or Jacobean traditions. In a recess covered by a two-arched canopy, carried on two Corinthian columns and a boldly modelled central corbel, is a black marble sarcophagus supported on two low pedestals resting on a panelled altar-tomb. The sarcophagus is in memory of Sir Robert Drury, and at the back of the recess are two black marble panels with inscriptions relating to him. Above the canopy is an oval niche containing the bust of his father, Sir William Drury, in plate armour, with a loose collar and wearing a scarf across his left shoulder. On the frame of the niche is an inscription stating that the monument was erected at the command of Sir Robert by his widow. At the side of this frame are two nearly nude female figures in somewhat ungainly attitudes, but well modelled.
The monument is beautifully finished, and is in perfect preservation. It is constructed generally in alabaster, with black marble shafts, the panels of the pilasters and soffits of arches being decorated with martial emblems and ribbons. The bust and figures are of statuary marble.
Sir William Drury, Knt., was killed in a duel with Sir John Borough in France, in 1589. His son, Sir Robert Drury, was knighted on the field in France in 1591, when about 16 years of age, and he represented Suffolk in Parliament from 1603 until his death. He married Anne, eldest daughter of Sir Nicholas Bacon, of Redgrave, and died in 1615 at the age of 40.* His widow erected the monument to the joint memory of her husband and father-in-law.
Drury Lane is named after the family, both Sir William and Sir Robert living in Drury House— afterwards Craven House— at the southern end of that street. In 1865 the Olympic Theatre was erected on the site.
And in Jeneary 1617 I set up at Norwedg on Tombe for Allderman Ang- wesh for 2o£.
1617. MURAL TABLET TO THOMAS ANGUISH IN THE CHURCH OF ST. GEORGE AT TOMBLAND, NORWICH, co. NORFOLK. PLATE vi (b).
This is an interesting tablet in a chapel on the north side of the chancel, now used 1 History and Antiquities of Suffolk, by John Gage, 1838, p. 455.
46 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
as an organ chamber; it is, however, unfortunately nearly hidden by the modern organ- case, which makes the obtaining of a good photograph of it difficult. The monument is of alabaster, partly decorated with colour and gilding, and its design suggests the earlier Jacobean work rather than that of Stone's more advanced style. The effigies of Alder- man Anguish and his wife are under a two-arched canopy, enclosed between two Corinthian columns supporting a horizontal entablature without a pediment. They kneel at a faldstool, facing each other, he wearing a scarlet gown, doublet, trunk hose, and a ruff; and his wife, a bodice, black gown with farthingale, ruff, and cap with lappet. Behind the Alderman are their nine sons, two of them babes in swathing bands, and the other seven kneeling, of whom two carry skulls, indicating that they, as well as the two babes, pre-deceased him. Behind his wife are their three daughters, kneeling, and all, also, carrying skulls. Above the cornice is a panel containing an achievement of arms, and at the bottom of the tablet there is an inscription on two panels, between them being a shield bearing the arms of the Mercers' Company, which suggests his occupation. The tablet contains some delicate work, but has suffered damage.
Thomas Anguish, Alderman, and Mayor of Norwich in 1611, was founder of the Blue Coat Boys' and Girls' Hospital, and a great benefactor of the city. He married Elizabeth Thurston, of the parish of St. Clement, in 1567, and died in January 1617-18, at the age of 79, his wife dying two years later.1
And at Emnc in Norffolk by Wesbcdgs I set up a tombc for Ser Thomas Hewar in Jenary 1617 for the wich I had 95^ of good mony.
1617-18. CANOPIED MONUMENT TO SIR THOMAS HEWAR IN ST. EDMUND'S CHURCH, EMNETH, NORFOLK. PLATE vi (c).
The monument is in the south aisle of chancel. It comprises a large altar-tomb, over which is a baldachino supported on three Corinthian columns in the front, and a similar number of pilasters against the wall. Over the horizontal cornice are two achievements of arms with many quarterings, which are enclosed in strapwork ornament, and on one of which is a crowned skull.
On the altar-tomb lie the effigies of Sir Thomas and his lady of alabaster, painted, their hands being closed in the attitude of prayer. He is in plate armour, with trunk hose and ruff, and she, in a black gown, stomacher, ruff, and stiffened hood. In a recess in the east wall lies the effigy of their infant child, the pillow on which its head rests being raised on a skull.
The monument, which is mainly constructed of alabaster, with an entablature of stone, is not a characteristic example of Stone's work, and its design suggests that it was inspired by that of some earlier tomb.
Sir Thomas Hewar, or Haward, of Norfolk, was knighted in December 1605; he married Emma, daughter of William Lawrence, of St. Ives, co. Hunts, and had one son, who died an infant. The inscription-tablet records that he was a man endued with a good and honest nature, who deserved well of his country and his king. No dates are given.
fol. 6 The 16 of March 1617 I undertoke to mak a tombe for my lady Gary, mother to my lord Davers wich was all of whit marbell and touch and I set it up at Stow of the nine Cherches in North hants som 2 year after ane allter tomb for the wich I had 220^.
1 St. George, Tombland, Norwich — Past and Present, by Edward A. Tillett, 1891.
PLATE IX
ALTAR-TOMB TO ELIZABETH LADY CAREY IN THE CHURCH OF ST. MICHAEL, STOWE. NORTHANTS. 1617-18.
THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 47
1617-18. ALTAR-TOMB TO ELIZABETH, LADY CAREY, IN THE CHURCH OF ST. MICHAEL, STOWE, NORTHANTS. PLATE ix.
The monument, which stands between the chancel and south chancel aisle, is an altar-tomb constructed of white marble and black marble, pierre de louche. The effigy, which is polished, is a very beautiful one. The figure reclines in a natural pose (this being the earliest executed by Stone in this manner), her head resting on the pillow, slightly turned to the left ; her right hand on her bosom, and the left arm lying at her side. She is dressed in an embroidered bodice, gown, mantle with fur-lined tippet, ruff and hood. The tomb has two panels at each side and one at the ends, divided by plain pilasters on which are small cartouches ; and in each panel is a circular or oval shield with boldly designed ribbon border containing coats of arms at the ends and inscriptions on the sides. At her head and feet are wyverns supporting a shield, the crest of the Danvers family.
Pennant calls this monument the most elegant in the kingdom, and the Rev. W. Cole,1 in 1757, describes it as the most beautiful and elegant one that he had ever seen. ' The lady lies in a half-reclining posture with her head on a cushion, and her hand is in a most natural and easy posture imaginable. I want words to express half the beauties of this monument, so very unlike all that I have ever seen, and so much out of the taste of works of this sort.
The Hon. Elizabeth, Lady Carey, was the fourth daughter and co-heir of John Nevill, Lord Latimer. She married, firstly, Sir John Danvers, Kt., of Dantsey, in the county of Wilts, who had by her three sons and seven daughters. The eldest son, Charles, died young ; the second, Sir Henry Danvers, obtained early a military and naval reputation, and was knighted by Henry IV of France. He was created Baron Dantsey in 1603, Earl of Danby in 1625-6, and K.G. in 1634. For him Stone carried out works at Oxford and Cornbury Park, of which later. The third son, Sir John Danvers, of Chelsea, was one of the judges of Charles I. For him also Stone executed some statuary. Lady Carey married, secondly, Sir Edmund Carey, third son of Henry, Lord Hunsdon, but there were no children of the marriage. She erected the monument in her lifetime in remembrance of her children and herself, and died in 1630, aged 8r.2
1616. A Bargen mad with mr Chambers for the ues of the Right honerabell Luce contes of Bedford for on far and statly tombe of Touch and whit marbell for har father and mother and brother and sister ; for the wich I was to have io2o/ and my lady was to stand at all charges for caregs and lorn and Setting up.
This note refers to what would have evidently been a very sumptuous monument proposed to have been erected by Lucy Harington, Countess of Bedford, in memory of (i) her father, Sir John Harington, created Baron Harington of Exton in 1603, who died in 1613; (2) her mother, Anna, daughter and sole heir of Robert Kelway; (3) her brother, John, second Lord Harington, who died in 1614 ; and (4) her sister Frances, wife of Sir Robert Chichester.
The fine series of monuments to the Harington family are in Exton Church, Rutland. There is, however, no monument there to the above-mentioned persons, and its existence not having been traced elsewhere, it is probable for the following reasons that, although commenced, it was never completed. It will be noticed that in his note Stone writes in
1 Brit. Mus., Cole MSS., Add. MS. 5830, fol. 73.
2 Progresses of King James I, by John Nichols, 1828, vol. ii, p. 191.
48 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
the conditional mood : ' for the wich I was to have 1020^",' and ' my lady was to stand at all charges for caregs &c.', suggesting the abandonment of the work; and in his Account- book, see p. in, under the date May 27, 1637, there is an instructive note to the effect that for the sum of £45 the Earl of Middlesex agreed to purchase a skeleton of white marble which was made for the monument of Lord Harington ; but that in the event of its being at any future time required for that monument he would return it. It seems probable, therefore, that the monument was commenced, this skeleton forming a gruesome portion of it, and that it was for some reason not completed, the portions of the work already finished being left on Stone's hands. The following note by Dallaway, in his edition of Walpole's Anecdotes, suggests a reason : ' Lucy Harrington, a great Heiress, wife of Edward, Earl of Bedford, whose fortune and her own she wasted.' It seems probable that her money was spent on more frivolous objects, and dying without issue, in 1628, there was no one willing to carry out her magnificent scheme.
The monument of Sir James Harington, the Countess's grandfather, in Exton Church, who died in 1591, has been erroneously assumed by some writers to have been that erected by her to her father ; the character of the work of the monument is, however, of earlier date.
foi. 7 1619. A Bargen mad with Ser Charles Morison of Cassebery in Harfor shear for to mak a fare tombe of Alabaster and touch stone ondly on pictor of whit marbell for his father and his own and his sister the Contes of Sexex as greet as the life of Alabaster for the wich I had well payed 260^ and 4 peces geven me to drenk.
1619. MURAL CANOPIED MONUMENT TO SIR CHARLES MORISON, KNT., IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, WATFORD, HERTS. PLATES x and xi.
Stone's description of this monument, erected to the memory of Sir Charles Morison, Knt, by his son, Sir Charles Morison, Bart., is very involved owing to its peculiar phraseology and to the absence of punctuation ; if, however, the description is freely rendered 'a fair tomb of alabaster and touchstone, but the effigy of -his father of white marble, and those of himself and sister of alabaster, life size,' and the illustration be referred to, the meaning becomes clear.
The monument, which is on the south side of the Essex Chapel, consists of an altar- tomb, on which lies the fine statuary marble effigy of Sir Charles. He reclines on his left side and wears plate armour, trunk hose, and ruff, his left hand lightly holding the hilt of his unhooked sword. Over the tomb is a two-arched canopy supported on Corinthian columns and a long central cantilever; the main cornice is also arched, and above it is a large achievement of arms between two draped female figures holding trumpets. At the two ends of the monument are the life-size alabaster effigies of his son Charles and his daughter Bridget, Countess of Sussex ; he in plate armour, trunk hose, and ruff, and she wearing a bodice, gown, fur-lined mantle with tippet, ruff, and coronet. The two figures are kneeling towards the monument on separate pedestals, and have draped canopies over them.
Sir Charles Morison, Knt., of Cassiobury Park, Herts, was the son of Sir Richard Morison, Knt., and Bridget, daughter of John, Lord Hussey, who after his death became the wife of Francis, second Earl of Bedford. He married Dorothy, daughter of Nicholas Clarke, by whom he had one son, Charles, created a baronet in 1619 (whose monument, on the north side of the same chapel, Stone also erected in 1630 ; see p. 60), and a daughter, Bridget, who married Robert Radcliffe, fifth Earl of Sussex. Sir Charles died
PLATE X
MURAL CANOPIED MONUMENT TO SIR CHARLES MORISON, KNT., IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, WATFORD, HERTS. 1619.
PLATE XI
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THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 49
in 1599 at the age of 51, his son being at that time only n or 12 years old, hence possibly the circumstance that the monument was not erected until twenty years after his death. The Essex Chapel was built by Bridget, Countess of Bedford.1
1619. I was sent for to the ofisor of his Maf*. workes to under take the charges of the plas of Mer. mason for the new Banking Hows at Whithall wharin I was inployed 2 years and had payed me 45 icd the day and I contened forth the plase the 3 year and 35 rod the day.
This was the first official work executed by Stone in England. There is, I believe, no patent extant of his appointment to the office of Master Mason to King James I, but it has always been assumed, from his continuous employment on works at the numerous royal residences, &c., after 1619, that he received that appointment.
His work at Whitehall seems to have been the supervision of the masons' work of the new Banqueting House from the designs of Inigo Jones, which brings it therefore under a different category to that of his monumental and other private work, for the design of which, in addition to the execution, he was entirely responsible.
ful. 7h And in that year I mad the Diall at Sent James the King finding ston and I workmanshept ondly and I had for it 6£ 135 4d.
and I toke down the fontany at Theballes and set it up agean and the fontayn at Nonsuch and was payed for both 48^".
These three works have all disappeared ; they were executed in every case for James I at his royal palaces.
and in 1622 I mad the greet diall in the Prevy garden at Whit hall for the wich I had 46^".
This famous sundial was erected in the central walk of the Privy Garden. Charles Stoakes, in his notes on his uncle's works, refers to it as ' the fine Diall stands now ruined in the Prevy Garden at Whitehall. The famous Mr. Marr erected the lines.' Edmund Gunter, Professor of Astronomy at Gresham College, is also credited with having been responsible for the scientific portion of the dial, a description of which he published in 1624.*
' These dials ', he writes, ' were placed on a stone which, at the base, was a square of somewhat more than four feet and a half, the height three feet and three quarters, and unwrought contained above eighty feet, or five tons of stone. Five dials were described on the upper part, viz. : one on each of the four corners, and a fifth in the middle, which was the chief of all, the great horizontal concave. Besides the dials at the tops, there were others on each of the sides, east, west, north, and south.' The dial was much injured ' by the drunken frolics of a nobleman ' in the reign of Charles II, but it was not removed until the reign of George II.
And that year, 1622 I mad a diall for my lord Brook in Holborn for the wich I had 8,£ ics.
Lord Brokc's house stood on the site of the present Brooke Street, Holborn. Fulke Greville, created Lord Broke in 1620, was termed ' servant to Queen Elizabeth, counsellor
1 History of the County of Herts, by Robert Clutterbuck, 1815, vol. i. * The Old Palace of Whitehall, by Canon E. Sheppard, 1902, p. 90. VII. H
50 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
to King James, and friend to Sir Philip Sydney '. The house was originally named Bath House, from William Bouchier, Earl of Bath, by whom, says Stow, 1603 edition, it had been ' of late the most part rebuilded '-1 Lord Broke died in 1628, and the house and dial have long disappeared. His sister and sole heiress, Margaret, married Sir Richard Verney, of Compton Murdac, co. Warwick, to whom Stone erected a monument in the chapel attached to the house in 1630 (see p. 72).
Unto Ser John Davres at Chelsey I mad 2 Status of an old man and a wman and a diall for the wich I had *]£ a pece.
Danvers House stood on the site of the present Danvers Street, Chelsea ; Sir John Danvers purchased the estate and built the house in 1622 -3. He was the youngest son of Sir John Danvers, of Dantsey, co. Wilts, by Elizabeth (afterwards Lady Carey), daughter of Lord Latimer, whose monument Stone erected in Stowe Church in 1617 (see p. 46), and for whose brother, Henry, Earl of Danby, he executed work in Oxfordshire in 1631-2. He was knighted in 1609, and died in 1655, leaving no male issue, although he married three times. He was one of the Judges of Charles I. John Aubrey, in his MS. 'Natural History of Wilts' in the Bodleian Library, makes mention in his notes on Danvers House of the ' figure of the gardener's wife in freestone, coloured, and the like of the gardener, both accoutred according to their callings ' ; and this description seems to correspond with that of Stone's two statues. The statues and dial have all probably perished.
fol. 8 In Sent Gilses in the fildes I mad a letell tombe in a wall for on master Slode for
This wall-tablet does not exist ; but as, since it was put up, the church has been twice rebuilt (in 1623-5, and again in 1731 -3), this is perhaps not surprising.
And another for doctor Donns wif in Sent Clenments danes for the wich I had 15 peces.
c. 1618. MURAL TABLET TO MRS. ANNE DONNE IN THE CHURCH OF ST. CLEMENT DANES, LONDON.
This wall-tablet no longer exists, having been probably destroyed when the church was rebuilt by Wren in 1680, but Stow, 1633 edition, makes mention of it as ' a fair monument in the chancel on the north side at the upper end ', and gives a Latin inscription.
Anne Donne was the daughter of Sir George More, of Loseley ; she married Mr. John Donne, afterwards Dr. Donne, Dean of St. Paul's, in 1600, at the age of 16, and died in childbed in August 1617. The date of the erection of the monument is not mentioned by Stone, but we may assume it to have been in that year or 1618. Dr. Donne's monument in St. Paul's Cathedral was also executed by Stone, in 1631 ; see p. 64.
I mad a pector lieng on a grave ston of gre marbell for Mr. Corell of Hat- filld for wich I had
1617? MONUMENTAL SLAB TO WILLIAM CURLE IN ST. ETHELDREDA'S CHURCH, HATFIELD,
co. HERTS. PLATE xn (d).
The slab is in the Cecil Chapel, on the north side of the chancel. It is of a some-
1 London, Past and Present, by Cunningham and Wheatley, 1881.
THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 51
what unusual character, probably made in accordance with given instructions. The effigy is of a bearded man in somewhat high relief, with arms and chest bare, the remainder of the body being covered with a sheet. He is lying on his back, but partly inclined to the left side with knees bent, the effigy suggesting, though without reason, that of a body which has been recovered from the sea. The grey marble slab out of which the figure is cut rests on an under-slab of Purbeck or black marble, which has an inscription round it in old English characters, much defaced.
William Curie was Warden of the royal estates at Hatfield, and Auditor of the Court of Wards to Queen Elizabeth. He died in April 1617 at the age of 87. His son, Walter, was Bishop of Winchester, 1632-47.'
I mad a letell monement for Mr. Chansfelld and it was sent in to North thomberland for wich I had 22.£.
The information given respecting this monument is not sufficient to enable it to be traced.
On other for Mr Molsworth that was set up at Crowland Aby in Lincon shear for wich I had
I am informed by the Rector that this monument no longer exists.
fol. 9 In 1617 I mad a letell monement for Mr James Palmor for his wif and set
it up at Enfillde for the wich I had i6£ o o.
MURAL TABLET TO MARTHA PALMER IN ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH, ENFIELD, co. MIDDLESEX.
PLATE xn (b).
The tablet, of white marble, is fixed on a pier on the south side of the chancel. It consists of a cartouche enclosing a black marble oval and convex inscription-panel. At the sides of the cartouche are two winged female figures, bare to the waist, and a similar figure, without wings, is seated above. At the feet of the dexter figure are four books, and at those of the sinister, two seated cherubs. The composition, though some- what strained, is graceful and well balanced.
Martha Palmer was the daughter of William Garrard, of Dawney, co. Bucks, and the wife of James Palmer. She died in 1617.
1617. I mad a tombe for Mr Allderman Stilles of London and set it up in Lowbery in London for the wich I had 6o£.
1617. MONUMENT TO ALDERMAN NICHOLAS STYLE IN THE CHURCH OK ST. MARGARET, LOTHBURY, LONDON.
The monument no longer exists, and was probably destroyed in the fire of 1666. Stow, 1618 edition, mentions it as 'a faire monument newly erected in the east end of the quire '.
Nicholas Style was the son of Sir Humphrey Style, of Langley, near Beckenham, Kent. He married Gertrude, daughter of Thomas Bright, who bore him three sons and four daughters, and with whom he lived for forty years. He was Sheriff of the City in 1607, but died, without becoming Lord Mayor, in 1615.
fol. 10 In 1619 I mad a tombe for Ser Thomas Corinewalles that was groome
1 History of the County of Herts, by Robert Clutterbuck, 1815, vol. ii, p. 370.
H 2
52 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
porter to the Kinges Matic. and set it up at Portchester by Porshmoth for the wich 1 had
1619. MURAL TABLET TO SIR THOMAS CORNWALLIS, KNT., IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, PORCHESTER CASTLE, CO. HANTS. PLATE XII (rt).
The tablet, which is executed in alabaster, is on the east wall of the chancel. It is very simple in design, the bust of Sir Thomas, a bearded man in plate armour, ruff, and with sash across his left shoulder, is placed in a circular niche with a flat frame surmounted by a panel containing an achievement of arms, and beneath is a tablet with inscription. The bust and coat of arms are painted. The tablet is Jacobean in design.
Sir Thomas Cornwallis was the son of Richard Cornwallis, of Upnell Hall, co. Suffolk. He held the office of Groom Porter to Queen Elizabeth and King James, and was knighted in 1607. He married Elizabeth, daughter of John Molyneux, of Thorp, co. Notts, and died in November 1618.
In 1619 I mad a tombe for Docktor Wright and set it up at Soning be-yon Winsor for the wich I had 22^.
1619. MONUMENT TO ************ IN ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH, SONNING, co. BERKS.
This entry by Stone is difficult of explanation. Robert Wright, D.D., born in 1550, was a Scholar, and later a Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford. He was appointed Vicar of Sonning in 1604, but was holding other preferments at the same time, including that of Canon Residentiary and Treasurer of Wells Cathedral. In 1623 he was consecrated Bishop of Bristol, and was translated to the diocese of Lichfield and Coventry, dying in his castle at Eccleshall in 1644 during its siege by the Parliamentarians. It is evident, therefore, that this monument could not have been for himself, and there is not a monu- ment to any other person in the church, now, to which Stone's note could apply. It should be mentioned, however, that in the north aisle there is a small stone panel bearing his arms and name, which at first sight might be thought to be the monument in question ; the date on it, however, is 1605, and its character is earlier than that of Stone's work, and I am inclined to think that it was originally put up by Dr. Wright on the wall of the vicarage house, perhaps over the doorway, soon after his appointment, and that at some later period, on the rebuilding of the house, the panel was preserved in the church. An illustration of it is given on Plate xn (c).
And in 1622 I mad a tombe for Mr. Cornwalles of Suffollk .and it was set by Jepthe for wich I had i&£.
The information given by Stone is too vague to enable the location of this tablet to be traced. Cornwallis is a Suffolk family name.
fol. ii x62o In Sofolke I mad a tombe for Ser Edmond Bacons lady and in the
sam Chearch of Redgrave I mad an other for his sister my lady Gady and was very well payed for thim and in the sam plas I mad 2 pectors of vvhitt marbl of Ser Nicholas Bakon and his lady & the war layed upon the tombe that Barnard Jansen had mad thar for the which 2 pictors I was payd by Ser Edmon Bacon 200^.
1620? ALTAR TOMB TO SIR NICHOLAS AND LADY BACON IN ST. MARY'S -CHURCH, REDGRAVE, SUFFOLK. PLATE xm.
PLATE XII
-
(a) MURAL TABLET TO SIR THOMAS CORNWALLIS, KNT., IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, PORCHESTER CASTLE, HANTS. 1619.
(b) MURAL TAHI.ET TO MARTHA PALMER IN ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH, KNFIEI.D, MIDDLESEX. 1617.
STONE PANEL BEARING THE ARMS AND NAME OF ROBERT WRIGHT, IXD., DATED 1605, 'iN
ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH, SONNING, BERKS.
(d) MONUMENTAL SLAB TO WILLIAM CURLE IN ST. ETHEL- DREDA'S CHURCH, HATFIELD, HERTS. 1617 ?
PLATE XIII
(tl) KFFIGV OF SIR NICHOLAS BACON ; SEEN FROM ABOVE.
(!>} FFFKJY <>l LADY HACON ; SEEN FROM ABOVE.
((') ALTAR-TOMB TO SIR NICHOLAS AND LADY BACON IN ST. MARY*S CHURCH, REDGRAVE, SUFFOLK. l62O?
THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 53
1621 ? MURAL TABLET TO DOROTHY, LADY GAWDY, IN THE SAME CHURCH.
PLATE xiv (a).
16267 MONUMENT TO THE HON. PHILIPPA, LADY BACON, IN THE SAME CHURCH.
This note refers to three monuments erected to members of the Bacon family. They were executed at different times, but were grouped together by Stone here, whilst he had them in mind, and as the date given — 1620 — scarcely fits in with those of the deaths of either of the persons mentioned, it is probably only approximate.
The principal monument in Redgrave Church is that which Sir Nicholas erected to himself and his wife on the death of the latter in 1616. It is an altar tomb of black and white marble, raised upon an unusually high plinth or platform, and, as far as the architectural work is concerned, was the work of Bernard Jansen, whose father, Nicholas, was associated with Stone in the execution of the Sutton monument in the Charterhouse in 1615. The altar tomb itself was, in accordance with the inscription on it, erected in 1616, but the two effigies, for which Stone received £200, were added later, possibly not until after the death of Sir Nicholas, as they were paid for by his son, Sir Edmund. They are of statuary marble, and are somewhat larger than life size. Sir Nicholas is in plate armour, trunk hose, rowelled spurs, and helmet with the visor raised ; whilst Lady Bacon wears an embroidered gown and bodice, veil, or kerchief, and ruff. The effigies are finely executed, and the whole monument a stately one though simple in character.
Sir Nicholas Bacon, Bart, was the son of Sir Nicholas Bacon, Knt, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal under Queen Elizabeth, and the brother of Francis Bacon, Viscount St. Albans. He was knighted in 1578, and was the first baronet created on the institution of that order by James I in 1611. He married, in 1564, Anne, daughter and heir of Edmund Butts, of Thornage, co. Norfolk, who died in 1616 at the age of 68, he dying in 1624. They had born to them nine sons and three daughters, of whom the eldest, Anne, was married to Sir Robert Drury, of Hawstead, whose monument Stone executed in 1617 (see p. 45).'
The monument to Dorothy, Lady Gawdy, is a simple and graceful tablet on the south wall of the chancel. It is executed in white and black marbles, the shield of arms being coloured. Portion of the pediment is missing.
Lady Gawdy was the second daughter of the above Sir Nicholas Bacon. She was born in 1574, married, firstly, Sir Bassingbourn Gawdy, of Harling, co. Norfolk, Knt., and secondly, Philip Colby (by whom the tablet was erected), and died in 1621.
The Hon. Philippa Bacon was the daughter and co-heir of Edward, Lord Wotton of Marley, and the wife of Sir Edmund Bacon, eldest son of Sir Nicholas. There is no monument existing in the church to her memory, but simply a plain square gravestone with inscription on it, which is now placed as a wall-tablet at the west end of the north aisle, enclosed in a marble frame, and on it is stated that ' this grave stone was layd over the bodye of the Lady Philip Bacon ****** the ist. of October, 1626 '. Lady Bacon died childless, and on the death of her husband in 1649 his brother, Robert, succeeded to the baronetcy.
It may be noted that Stone omits to give the cost of the two latter monuments.
There now follow in Stone's Note-book entries of seven monuments, to none of which does he give a date ; and as five of them are situated in Westminster Abbey it is evident that he noted them down as they came into his mind, irrespective of chronological order.
The Spenser monument was known to have been erected in 1620, whilst that to Isaac Casaubon was not put up until 1634.
1 Burke's Peerage.
54 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
I allso mad a monement for Mr Spencer the pouett and set it up at West- mester for which the contes of Dorsett payed me 40^. 1620. MURAL MONUMENT TO EDMUND SPENSER IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY.
PLATE xiv (b).
Edmund Spenser, ' the prince of poets ', was born in East Smithfield in 1553, and died in 1598-9 in King Street, Westminster. His monument, however, was not erected until 1620, when it was executed at the expense of Anne Clifford, daughter of George, third Earl of Cumberland, and wife of Richard, third Earl of Dorset.1 A century and a half later, in 1778, having become much decayed, it was, according to the Chapter-book, restored in durable marble in the place of freestone under the auspices of the poet Mason, and the incorrect dates in the original inscription amended. Hatton, in 1708, records the fact that the monument was at that time old and defaced, and that a Latin inscription on it was wholly worn out, but the inscription in English still visible. This he quotes, and excepting with regard to the dates of Spenser's birth and death, which were incorrectly recorded as 1510 and 1596," and the spelling, it corresponds with the present rendering. The monument, which is a simple one, is at the end of the aisle of the south transept.
And on othar thar for Mr Frances Holies the yongest sonne of the Earell of Clare for the which the sayed Earell payed me for it 50^.
1622 ? PEDESTAL MONUMENT TO THE HON. FRANCIS HOLLES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY.
PLATE xiv (d).
This monument, which is one of the most charming of Stone's works, is in St. Edmund's Chapel. The figure, which is of polished alabaster, is in a sitting posture, and is placed on a circular pedestal of white marble, unpolished and now very black. It is clothed in the armour of a Roman officer, and at the left side is an oval shield, wreathed and bearing the arms of the Holies family.
Dallaway, in his annotations to Walpole's Anecdotes of Painters, suggests that the design was given to Stone by the Earl of Clare, though there is no reason to suppose that the earl was more capable of designing a monument than the sculptor. Stone, how- ever, was doubtless influenced in its design by the pedestal monument to Elizabeth Russell, daughter of John, Lord Russell, erected in the same chapel some years before ; and to this extent, as in other cases, the client probably had a word to say as to the character of the design.
Francis Holies was the youngest son of John, first Earl of Clare. He died in 1622 at the age of 18, after his return from a campaign in Flanders.
foi. 12 My lord of Clar allso agreed with me for a monement for his brother
Scr Gorges Holies the which I mad and sett it up in the chapell at Westmester whar Ser Frances Var lieth bured for the which I was payed from the hands of the sayed Earell of Clare 100^.
1626? MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR GEORGE HOLLES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY.
PLATE xiv (c).
The monument is in the chapel of St. John the Evangelist, against the east wall, in front of it being that to his uncle, Sir Francis Vere. It is executed in stone, with the
1 Memorials of Westminster Abbey, by Dean Stanley, 1868, p. 286. • Antiquities of Westminster, by John Dart, vol. i, p. 75.
PLATE XIV
(a) MURAL TABLET TO DOROTHY, LADY GAWDY, IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, RED- GRAVE, SUFFOLK. l62I ?
(b\ MURAL MONUMENT TO EDMUND SPENSER IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 1620.
MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR GEORGE HOI.I.ES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 1626?
(d) PEDESTAL MONUMENT TO THE HON. FRANCIS HOLLES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. l622 ?
THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 55
figures and relief of alabaster, and consists of a panelled base, with cornice and curved, broken pediment having wreathed ends, between which rises a pedestal containing an inscription, and supporting a standing effigy of Sir George Holies of heroic size. He is habited in the armour of a Roman officer, and carries a shield and boton or staff; his left eye is sabled, indicating its loss. Seated on the pediment on each side of the pedestal are two female figures, Bellona and Pallas, wearing plumed helmets, and surrounded with emblems of war. In the panel of the base is a relief representing an equestrian figure of Sir George at the battle of Nieuport, 1600. The proportions of the monument are not good, both the figure and its pedestal being too large for the base; the detail, however, is refined.
Sir George Holies, brother of John, first Earl of Clare, was born in 1575. He served as major-general in the Netherlands under his uncle, Sir Francis Vere, was knighted in 1609, and died in 1626.
And in the sam Chearch I mad an incripton for Ser Richard Cox for the wich I had 30^.
1624? MURAI. TABLET TO SIR RICHARD COXE, KNT., IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY.
PLATE xv (d).
This small but well-designed tablet, which Stone modestly calls an inscription, is on the west wall of the south transept. It is of white and black marbles, and both it and the adjacent monument to Isaac Casaubon, also by Stone, are cleverly designed to fit into and harmonize with the trefoil heads of the wall arcade in which they are placed, instead of ruthlessly cutting into and destroying it.
Sir Richard Coxe was the third son of Thomas Coxe, of Beymonds, co. Herts. He was 'Taster' to Queen Elizabeth and James I, and, later, Steward of the Household to the latter, by whom he was knighted in 1603. He died in December 1623, at the age of 60.
And another fast by for Monsor Caseban the Lord Boushop of Dearam payed for it 6o£.
1634. MURAL MONUMENT TO ISAAC CASAUBON IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. PLATE xv (c).
A graceful and refined monument next to that of Sir Richard Coxe, on the west wall of the south transept. It is executed in white and black marbles. On a quasi altar-tomb is a large inscription tablet, flanked by black and white marble pilasters, the latter panelled with delicate arabesque ornament ; these are surmounted by a cornice with curved broken pediment having wreathed ends and enclosing a panel containing a laurel wreath and other foliage. This again is finished with a cornice, the pediment of which is formed of two clasped books, suggestive of Casaubon's literary occupations. Above is a small escutcheon of arms, let into the label of the wall arcade, thereby happily connecting the monument with its setting. There is a touch of human interest connected with the monument, Isaac Walton having cut his initials with the date, 'I W 1638', on the inscription-tablet, doubtless as a tribute of respect, though the act would scarcely be considered so in these later times.
Isaac Casaubon was born in Geneva in 1559-60. He was Librarian to Henry IV of France, after whose death he was invited by James I to England, and, although a layman, received prebendal stalls both at Canterbury and Westminster. He died in 1634, and
56 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
this monument was erected to his memory in 1634 by Dr. Thomas Morton, Bishop of Durham.
There is, in the British Museum,1 Stone's receipt for the final payment on account of this monument, dated October 17, 1634, but the total cost is there stated to be £50, not £60, as mentioned by him above.
I mad a tombe for Mr Wedden and sett it up within 3 miles of St Edmonds beary in Sufolke for the which I was payed by Ser Hanry Caltrape 6$£.
1629? MURAI. TABLET TO WILLIAM WHETTELL IN THE CHURCH OF SS. PETER AND PAUL, AMPTON, co. SUFFOLK. PLATE xv (b).
This and the two following notes are cases where Stone's memory was evidently at fault, as he forgets the name of the places, giving the general locality only, and in the first two cases he gives the name of the persons incorrectly, thereby increasing the difficulty of their discovery. The churcli where this tablet was erected — Ampton — is some five miles north of Bury. It is fixed on the north side of the chancel, and is constructed of alabaster and coloured marble. In an oval niche, enclosed within an architrave, is a vigorous half-length effigy of the deceased, not detached, but cut out of the solid in high relief. He wears a doublet and fur-trimmed gown, large ruff, and close-fitting cap with lace border. The tablet is surmounted by two entablatures, one behind the other— a feature adopted by Stone in other instances, the front one having a curved pediment, within which is a small cartouche, and the latter, one with straight sides, rising above the former and supporting an effective achievement of arms, emblazoned.
William Whettell, of Thetford, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge.2 By a deed of 13 James I, Mr. Coell granted to him the manor and advowson of Ampton. He served the office of High Sheriff of the county in 1622, and died in February 1628 9, at the age of 67, the property passing into the hands of his grandson, Sir Henry Calthorpe, who erected the tablet.:i
.A monument to Sir Henry Calthorpe is on the same wall of the chancel, said to have been executed by John and Mathias Christmas.4 It is somewhat similar in character, but is inferior in execution.
On other for Mr Penson of Esex and set it a mile on this sid Chensford for the which I had 100 markes, [.£66. 13. 4.].
The village of Writtle, in Essex, with its church dedicated to All Saints, corresponds exactly with the locality described by Stone ; and the seat of the Pinchon family having been in the neighbourhood, we may assume that the monument in question was erected to one of its members. Morant states that William Pinchon died in 1592, and was buried in the north aisle of the church. His eldest son, Peter, died young, and was succeeded by his brother Edward, who was knighted in i6o3.5 He married Dorothy, daughter of Sir Jerome Weston, Knt, by whom he had John, his heir, and three daughters. He died in May 1625, ' and was buried in the chancel of the church, where a noble monument is erected to his memory and that of his wife against the north wall.'
1 Brit. Mus. Add. MSS. 23941, fol. 40 b.
2 Bury and West Suffolk Archaeological Institute, Proceedings, vol. i, pp. 193-4. " A Supplement to the Suffolk Traveller, by Augustine Page, 1844, p. 698.
4 Lives of the British Sculptors, by Beresford Chancellor, 1911, p. 24.
5 History of Essex, by Philip Morant, 1768, vol. ii, p. 66.
PLATK XV
(a) MONUMENT TO SIR EDWARD PINCHOX IN ALL SAINTS' CHURCH, WRITTI.E, ESSEX.
(b) MURAL TABLET TO WILLIAM WHKTTELL IN THE CHURCH OF SS. PETER AND PAUL, AMPTON, SUFFOLK. 1629?
(c) MURAL MONUMENT TO ISAAC CASAUBON IX WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 1634.
((t) MURAL TABLET TO SIR RICHARD COXE, KNT., IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 1624?
PLATE XVI
CANOPIED TOMB TO SIR JOHN AND LADY MONSON IN THE CHURCH OF ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST, SOUTH CARLTON, LINCOLNSHIRE. 1625.
THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 57
The date of the death of Sir Edward Pinchon— 1625 — would not be inconsistent with that of the probable erection of Stone's monument, though in that case the ' Mr. Penson ' mentioned by him would refer to his son John as the donor ; the design, however, of the monument in the chancel, referred to by Morant, is so different to any other work by Stone, and seems to be so much later in character, that, although there is no other monument in the church to the Pinchon family applicable to Stone's note, one hesitates to ascribe this particular one to him. An illustration of it is given, however, on Plate xv (a). It is allegorical, and somewhat theatrical in character. The principal figure is an angel, standing on a rock around the base of which is standing corn. The motive is enclosed between two pilasters, the panels of which are decorated with agricultural implements, surmounted by a cornice with a curved broken pediment. At the sides are two smaller angels, slumbering and wearing broad-brimmed straw hats. Beneath is a large shell enclosed in drapery and containing an inscription, under it being the end of a corn-shovel decorated with quartered arms. The whole is executed in stone, and, excepting the shell which has the appearance of having been inserted later, is painted a drab colour, the mottoes being also only painted on in black. The character of the drapery of the angel is suggestive of the period of Roubiliac rather than that of the early seventeenth century.
<ol. 13 1625 Beng the greett seknes year I mad a tomb for Ser Thomas Monsons father and mother and it was sett up that year in August, 2 milles byond Lencon for the which I had 2oo£.
1625. CANOPIED TOMB TO SIR JOHN AND LADY MONSON IN THE CHURCH OF ST. JOHN THE EVANGEUST, SOUTH CARLTON, CO. LINCOLN. Pl.ATE XVI.
The monument stands in the centre of the Monson Chapel, on the north side of the chancel. It is in the form of a large altar-tomb which supports a baldachino carried on six columns, and is one of the three of that character erected by Stone which still exist ; its present condition, however, is bad, the monument having been much damaged during the civil wars. It is constructed of alabaster and black marble, but the architrave and frieze are now of stone, being probably restorations made in a cheaper material when the six iron columns were inserted between the marble ones for greater security. The two alabaster effigies of Sir John and his wife, which lie on the altar, are much mutilated ; that of Sir John is habited in plate armour, trunk hose, and ruff, and that of Lady Monson in bodice, gown, mantle with embroidered border, ruff, and kerchief. There are effigies also of their children kneeling round the base of the monument, somewhat smaller than life-size. On the east side are probably the eldest son, Thomas, and his wife, facing one another at a faldstool ; on the north side are one son and four daughters ; and on the south, two sons and two daughters. The figures are all much mutilated, and some of them may not be in their original positions.
Sir John Monson, Knt., was the son of John Monson, of Carlton, co. Lincoln, and Mary, daughter of Sir Robert Hussey. He married Jane, daughter of Robert Dighton of Little Stourton, co. Lincoln, he dying in 1593 and his wife in 1625, and it was after her death, therefore, that the monument was erected by their eldest surviving son, Sir Thomas Monson, who was Master of the Armoury and Master Falconer to James I, by whom he was created a baronet in 1611.
And about this time I mad for tha old Exchange in London 4 status the on Edward the 5 Richard the 3 and Henry the 7 for these 3 I had 25^ a pece and
VII. I
58 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
on for Quenne Elizabeth which was taken don and set up agean whar now it standeth at Guild hall gat for the which I had 30^.
Stone calls the Royal Exchange here ' the old Exchange ', to distinguish it from the New Exchange, or 'Britain's Burse', erected in the Strand in 1609. The first Royal Exchange, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham, was erected 1566-70, its design being based on that of the Bourse at Antwerp ; and when, as has been previously mentioned (p. 2), the council of Amsterdam, in 1607, proposed to rebuild their Exchange, their Master Mason, Hendrik de Keyser, was sent over to London, in turn, to study Gresham's building, and making there the acquaintance of young Stone, he persuaded him to return with him to Amsterdam. For this building, about twenty years later, Stone was commissioned to make these four statues.
The first three mentioned by him undoubtedly perished in the Great Fire, both Evelyn and Pepys, in their diaries, stating that all the statues were destroyed excepting that of Gresham himself; but the fate of the statue of Queen Elizabeth is more uncertain, as Stone mentions its removal to the Guildhall.
The entrance porch to the Guildhall was known as Guildhall Gate, and on the front of it were seven statues, in niches, of our Lord, Moses and Aaron, and the four cardinal virtues, and as there would be no further space for that of Elizabeth, the expression ' at ' Guildhall Gate used by Stone probably meant 'in the neighbourhood of. On the east side of Guildhall Yard there stood until 1820 the chapel of St. Mary Magdalen and All Saints, which had been erected in 1429 as a chapel attached to the Guildhall. On the west front of this chapel, in niches of early seventeenth-century date, stood three statues of royal personages, two male and one female. Of the two former, one was probably intended for Edward VI, and the other for either James I or Charles I ; but regarding the female statue there is more difference of opinion, Queens Elizabeth, Henrietta Maria, Anne of Denmark, Mary II, and others all having had supporters. These statues are now placed in the staircase leading to the Guildhall Museum, and it is recognized by experts that the female statue is a much finer one than either of the others, a fact which renders it possible to identify it as the statue of Elizabeth executed by Stone. It must be admitted, however, that the costume is so totally different to that associated with the Virgin Queen that, without direct evidence, which is not, so far, forthcoming, there must be considerable doubt in the matter unless it is acknowledged to be an idealized figure only. The statue is habited in a gown cut low about the bust, and fastened with a girdle. Over it is a mantle with embroidered hem, looped over the left arm. The hair hangs in dishevelled tresses, and is covered with an embroidered kerchief and a crown. In the left hand she holds an orb, and in the right hand— now missing — was known to have been a sceptre.
And in 1629 I mad a tomb for my lady Paston of Norfolk and set it up at Paston and was very extreordenerly entertayned thar and payed for it 340^".
1629. MURAL MONUMENT TO KATHERINE, LADY PASTON, IN ST. MARGARET'S CHURCH,
PASTON, co. NORFOLK. PLATES xvn (b).
This monument was the first of a series of works executed by Stone for the Paston family : its stands on the north side of the chancel, and is constructed mainly of alabaster, with shafts of red-veined marble and panels of black marble. Its design is similar in character to many others by him, consisting of an altar-tomb, over which is a two-arched canopy supported on Corinthian columns and a central cantilever. The cornice has a straight unbroken pediment enclosing a crowned skull and festoons, and above it is an
PLATE XVII
(a\ MURAL MONUMENT TO CAPTAIN THOMAS HICHAM IN ALL SAINTS* CHURCH, WICK- IIAMBROOK, SUFFOLK. 1630.
(b) MURAL MONUMENT TO KATHERIXE, LADY PASTOX,
IN ST. MARGARET'S CHURCH, PASTON, NORFOLK. 1629.
(c) MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR EDMUND PASTON JN ST. MARGARET'S CHURCH, PASTON, NORFOLK.
1635-
THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 59
achievement of arms supported by two mourning female figures. On the altar-tomb lies the beautiful effigy of Lady Paston, in statuary marble ; she reclines on her right side, one arm resting on a pillow, and the other grasping the folds of her dress. She wears a gown, embroidered bodice, slashed balloon sleeves, drawn in at the elbows, ruff, and long veil.
Dame Katherine Paston was the daughter of Sir Thomas Knevitt, of Ashwell Thorne, Norfolk, Knt, and wife of Sir Edmund Paston, Knt, to whom she was married in 1602. She died on March 10, 1628-9.
And sence in the sam place on other for Ser Edmond Paston for the which I was payed loo/".
1635. MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR EDMUND PASTON IN ST. MARGARET'S CHURCH, PASTON, co. NORFOLK. PLATE xvn (c).
Although mention of Sir Edmund's monument follows that of his wife in Stone's Note-book it was not executed, or fixed, until 1635. It also stands on the north side of the chancel, and although ten feet in height, seems small by the side of the stately one which he erected to his wife. On a small stone altar-tomb with black marble slab and panels rests a white marble urn ; behind it is an inscription-tablet of the same material, flanked by greenish-grey pilasters surmounted by an alabaster cornice with curved and wreathed pediment. The whole is enclosed under a canopy with Doric columns and entablature with curved broken pediment ; the shafts are of black marble, but the remainder of stone. The monument is very simple in character, including no heraldic or figure work.
Sir Edmund was the son of Sir William Paston, Knt., and great-nephew of Sir Clement Paston, the builder of the great house at Oxnead. He was knighted in 1609, and married, as stated above, Katherine, daughter of Sir Thomas Knevitt. He died in 1632, at the age of 48, leaving two sons, William, of whom hereafter, and Thomas.
fol. 14 In 1630 I mad a tomb for Capetayn Hiham and set it up in Esex by Clar
for the which I had payed me by Ser Rob: Knolles ioo.£.
1630. MURAL MONUMENT TO CAPTAIN THOMAS HICHAM IN ALL SAINTS' CHURCH, WlCKHAMBROOK, CO. SUFFOLK. PLATE XVII (a).
Stone apparently forgot the name of the church in which he erected this monument, and his description of the locality is rather misleading, as instead of being in Essex the church is in a village in Suffolk some seven miles north of Clare. The monument, which is placed against the south wall of the chancel, consists of an altar-tomb with shaped corner-stones similar in character to those which Stone used in the Villiers monument erected at Westminster in the following year. On the black marble altar-slab lies the much-mutilated effigy of Thomas Higham in plate armour, trunk hose, collar, sash across the right shoulder, and sword. He reclines partly on his left side, his right hand resting on his body and his left hand holding his sword-hilt. Against the wall, above the effigy, is an inscription-panel flanked by two pilasters, but the upper part of the monument, which consisted, probably, of an entablature with pediment, &c., is gone. It is constructed of alabaster and black and red marbles.
Thomas Higham was a valiant soldier in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. He served at an early age in a campaign in the Netherlands, and again in France in 1590 under the Earl of Essex, who was sent by Elizabeth to the assistance of Henry IV. Here in the action before Rouen he was severely wounded, and in recognition of his services he
I 2
60 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
received a pension. He was actively engaged during the Irish Rebellion of 1599, after which hie retired into private life and died at Giffords, his estate in Wickhambrook, in 1630 at the age of 63. Sir Robert Knollys, who erected the monument, was his nephew.
In 1631 I mad a tombe for the Right Hon. Lady the Countes of Bukingham and sett it up in Wesmester Aby and was payed for it 560^.
1631. ALTAR-TOMB TO SIR GEORGE VILLIERS, KNT., AND MARY, COUNTESS OF BUCKING- HAM, IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. PLATE xvm.
This fine altar-tomb, which stands in the chapel of St. Nicholas, was erected by the Countess, widow of Sir George Villiers, as a memorial to her husband and herself. The monument was, with the exception of those of Sir George Selby at Newcastle and Lord Spencer at Great Brington, the most costly one executed by Stone. It is constructed entirely of white marble and touchstone, and is very richly sculptured. On the slab of touchstone are the stately effigies of husband and wife ; they both lie on their backs ; he, whose hands are laid loosely on his body, is clothed in plate armour, trunk hose, and helmet with the visor raised, and she, with her hands in the attitude of prayer, wears a gown, bodice with slashed balloon sleeves, mantle lined with ermine, ruff, veil, and coronet. The effigies are in perfect condition.
In Stone's Account-book several details are given regarding the execution of the work (p. 89), by which we find that Anthony Goore carved the four shaped corner- stones with their festoons and arms from particulars ' described on a bord whar on the sayed tombe is all ridy drane ', for £8 105., and also the fine achievement of arms of Sir George Villiers at the head of the tomb for £,\ ; that Harry Ackers, for a similar sum, carved the arms of the Countess at the foot, and that Robert Flower polished various portions of the work and stopped the inscriptions ; and these facts being given in such detail we may safely assume that the effigies were the work of Stone himself.
Sir George Villiers, Knt, of Brokesby, co. Leicester, was a man of distinguished character in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and was High Sheriff of his county in 1591. He married, firstly, Audrey, daughter of William Sanders, of Harrington, co. Northants, by whom he had two sons, William, created a baronet in 1619, and Edward, created Viscount Grandison in 1620 (an ancestor of the earls of Jersey, and father of Barbara, Countess of Castlemaine), and two daughters. On her death he married, secondly, Mary, daughter of Anthony Beaumont, of Glenfield, co. Leicester, by whom he had three sons, John, created Viscount Purbeck, George, created Duke of Buckingham— the favourite of James I, and Christopher, created Earl of Anglesea, all three titles being now extinct, and one daughter. Sir George died in 1605, and Lady Villiers married as her second husband Sir Thomas Compton. In 1616 she was created Countess of Buckingham at the request of her son ' Steenie ', and she died in 1632 at the age of 62.1
In 1630 I mad a tombe for Ser Charles Moreson and his lady and sett it up in the Chencell of Wattford in Harfordshear, for the which I had well payed unto me 4oo£.
1630. CANOPIED MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR CHARLES MORISON, BART., AND HIS WIFE IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, WATFORD, co. HERTS. PLATES xix and xx.
On p. 48 has been described the monument erected in this church, in 1619, to 1 Progresses of King James I, by John Nichols, 1828, vol. iii, pp. 18, 175, 485.
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X I
THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 61
Sir Charles Morison, Knt., and in the same church was erected eleven years later this fine monument to his only son, Charles, and his wife, by the latter. It stands against the north wall of the Essex Chapel, built, in 1565, by Bridget, Countess of Bedford, formerly the wife of Sir Richard Morison. It is constructed of alabaster and black marble, and is another of Stone's more important works. On an altar-tomb are their graceful effigies, executed in statuary marble. Lady Morison is lying on her back with her hands resting on her body in a natural position : she wears a gown, bodice with very full, slashed sleeves drawn up at the elbow, ruff, and lace veil. The effigy of Sir Charles is placed on a slightly higher platform : he is reclining on his right side, and wears plate armour, trunk hose, and gauffered collar. His right hand rests on a skull.
Over the tomb is a two-arched canopy, or baldachino, supported on four Ionic columns and an unusually long cantilever. Above the cornice is a double, straight-sided pediment surmounted by a large cartouche with festoons. At the head of the monument, on a low pedestal, kneels their daughter, Elizabeth, and at the feet their two sons. The effigies are all exceedingly fine, and are in perfect condition.
Sir Charles Morison, or Morrison, of Cassiobury, Herts, was born in 1587 ; he was created a Baronet in 1611, and a Knight of the Bath at the coronation of Charles I. He married Mary, daughter and co-heir of Sir Baptist Hicks, first Viscount Campden, by whom he had issue two sons who died in childhood, Baptist and Hicks, and one daughter, Elizabeth, who married Sir Arthur Capell. Sir Charles died in 1628, and his widow in 1660. Sir Arthur Capell was created Baron Capell of Hadham in 1641, and on the death of his father-in-law he succeeded to the Cassiobury estates through his wife. He was zealously attached to the royal cause in the Civil War, and was beheaded five weeks after the king. His son, Arthur, the second Baron, was created Earl of Essex in 1661, to whose family Cassiobury still belongs.
The original contract for the erection of this monument is in the library at Cassiobury ; it is quoted in Clutterbuck's Herts,1 and is given below on account of its importance in showing the careful and detailed manner in which it was drawn up.
' Articles of Agreement, made the 3d. day of March, 1628, between Dame Mary Morrison, of Kashbury, in the Parrish of Watford, late Wife of Sir Charles Morrison, Knt. and Bart, deceased, and Nicholas Stone, of the Parrish of St. Martin in the Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Carver and Tombe Maker.
' Imprimis, the said Nicholas Stone, for himself, his executors, &c. . . . doth covenant, &c. ... to and with the said Dame Mary Morrison, her executors, &c. . . . by theis presents, that he the said Nicholas Stone, his executors, &c. . . . [for the consideration hereafter expressed] shall and will, at his or their owne proper costs and chargs, artificially make, frame, carve, erect, sett upp, and finish, one faire and staightly tombe or monument, in memorial of the said Sir Charles Morrison deceased ; to be placed and sett upp, in a chappell of the said Dame Mary Morrison, adjoyneing to the chauncell of the parrish church of Watford. The which said tombe or monument shall consist and be made of white marble, touchstone, and allablaster, and to containe, in the whole, 14 foote in breadth and 16 foote in height from the ground. The severall parts whereof shall consist and contayne as followeth ; that is to say, the stepp of the said tombe to be of Kentish stone or Portland stone 6 inches deepe ; upon which stepp, is to be raised a basement of allablaster, i foote in height, to be fairly moulded and wrought ; and on the said basement to raise the maine body of the tombe, in manner of an altar, three foote in height, to consist
1 History of the County of Herts, by Robert Clutterbuck, 1815, vol. i, p. 261.
62 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
of good allablaster ; and at each corner a pedestall of touch or black marble, one foote square, at the top of which pedestalls shall be placed a capitall of white marble ; and betweene the said pedestalls shall make one faire table of touch, or black marble, to containe two foote in breadth and four foote and a halfe in length ; which mayne body, or altar, is to be covered over with a table or ledger stone, of touch or black marble, fairely wrought, moulded, polished, and glazed, to contayne seven foote and three ynches in length and two foote and a halfe in breadth, to be all of one firme stone. And shall make one other faire ledger or table, of touchstone or black marble, alsoe of seven foote and three ynches in length and two foote in breadth, to be raised up in height six ynches above the other table, to the end it may give a better prospect or viewe of the statue or picture of the said Sir Charles Morrison, which is thereon to be placed. Which said statue, or picture, is to be royally and artificially carved, pollished, glazed, and made of good and pure white marble, in compleat armour, with sword and spurrs, according to the life, to consist of six foote in length of one entire peice of stone : and shall make a statue, or picture, for and of the said worthy Lady, to be laid on the table, or ledger stone, first before herein expressed, to consist of good and pure white marble, royally carved, and artificially wrought, pollished, glazed, and made according to the life, in such abillaments, ornaments, and Jewells, as hee shall receave directions for, which statue shall containe six foote in length, or neere thereabouts, all of one entire peice of marble. And at the West end of the said monument shall raise a kind of basement of allablaster, fairely wrought and moulded, and inricht with two tables of touchstone or black marble, the same basement to consist of two foote and a half in height and three foote in length, on which is to be placed the statue or portraighture of Mrs. Elizabeth Capell, daughter of the said Sir Charles Morrison and Lady Mary, the same statue to contayne four foote in height, kneelinge ; and at the East end of the said monument, sail raise another basement, in like kinde wrought, moulded, and enriched, as aforesaid, whereon shall place the statues or pictures of the two sonns deceased of the said Sir Charles and Lady Mary ; the eldest of which sonns to be made three foote in height, kneelinge, with his cloake and sword, the other sonne to be two foote in height, kneelinge, with a coate ; all three to be made of pure white allablaster, fairely wrought, carved, and pollished. And shall, at the fower corners of the aforesaid monument, rayse and place fower pillars of touchstone, or black marble, to containe in height, with their bases and capitalls, six foote and a halfe ; the bases of the same pillers to be of white marble, and the same to be fairely wraught, pollished, and glazed, and their capitalls to be fairely carved in a composative manner, with festons of leaves and flowers, betweene which fower pillers, behinde the statues on the wall side, is to be placed one faire table of touchstone or black marble for inscriptions, which table shall contayne three foote in breadth and four foote and a halfe in height, enclosed in with a compartment of allablaster, fairely wraught and, on the topp of the said fower pillers, shall raise two arches of allablaster, fairely wraught and carved with flowers and other enrich- ings ; which arches shall come forth from the wall, and plancher, cover and overshadowe the two statues of marble that lye underneath : under which arches shall make an archtrave and freeze, enriched with cherubines heads and black marble, and other enrichings, and on the topp of these arches shall make a cornish, which is to breake upp with two frontispeeces on the fore-side, and one on the West end, and an other at the East end, between which two frontispeeces, on the fore side, is to be placed the armes of the said Sir Charles and the said Dame Mary, empaled in one compartment scutcheon of good allablaster, fairely carved with festons of leaves and flowers, and other scrowles, compartment wayes ; and on the corners of the said
PLATE XXI
(a) MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR ADAM NEWTON IN ST. LUKE'S CHURCH, CHARLTON, KENT. 1630.
(b) MURAL TABLET TO DR. ORLANDO GIBBONS IN CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL. 1626.
MURAL TABLET TO DR. HUGO BARKER IN NEW COLLEGE CHAPEL, OXFORD. 1632.
THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 63
cornish, over the pillers, upon two pedestalls, shall place the creast of the severall armes belonging to the said Sir Charles and the said Dame Mary, and shall carve and put in the proper metalls and cullors their severall armes, and shall grave and guild such inscriptions as shall in due tyme be delivered unto him ; and shall finish the said stately tombe or monument according to the foresaid expression, and signified by a designe or draft thereof drawne by the said Nicholas Stone, which is approved of and signed by the said Dame Mary, by or before the last day of May, which shall be in the yeare of our Lord God (according to the computacon of the Church of England) 1630 (Soe as hee be not hindred by any neglect of the said Lady or her assignes.)
' In consideration of all whiche worke, soe roially, artificially, and in the best manner, to be done and performed in forme aforesaid, the said Dame Mary Morrison, for her selfe, her executors, &c. . . . doth covenant, &c. .-. . to and with the said
Nicholas Stone, his executors, &c by theis presents, that shee, the said Dame Mary
Morrison ; her executors and assignes, shall and will, well and truly, pay or cause to be paid to the said Nicholas Stone, his executors or assignes, the full some of 400^ of lawfull mony of England.'
In 1928 I mad a tomb for Ser Gorge Copen and sett it in St Martens in the fieldes for the wich I hand 40^.
1628. MONUMENT TO SIR GEORGE COPPIN IN THE CHURCH OF ST. MARTIN-IN-THE-FIELDS, LONDON.
This monument, as also those to Nicholas Stone himself and his sons, was destroyed when the church of St. Martin was rebuilt by James Gibbs in 1708. In Hatton's New View of London, 1708, it is described as 'a very handsome monument of the Corinthian order at the east end of the south aisle, with enrichments and gilt '.
Sir George Coppin, of Dunwich, co. Suffolk, was Clerk of the Crown in Chancery in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. He was knighted in July 1603, and was buried in St. Martin's Church on March i, 1619-20, in his sixty-third year, ' Aetatisq. suae Anno Climacterico obdormivit.'
In 1626 I sett up a monement at Canterbury for Erlando Gebons the Kings organest for the which his wyf payed 32^".
1626. MURAL TABLET TO DR. ORLANDO GIBBONS IN CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL.
PLATE xxi (b).
The tablet is in the north aisle of the nave. It consists of a fine bust of statuary marble, standing in an arched recess of black marble with cornice and curved pediment over, on which rests an escutcheon with garlands. In the pediment is a laurel wreath, and at the base a tablet with inscription.
Orlando Gibbons was born at Cambridge in 1583, where, when a boy, he was a chorister at King's College. He was appointed organist of the Chapel-Royal in 1604, and received the degree of Mus. Bac., Cantab., in 1606, and of Mus. Bac. and Mus. Doc., Oxon., by accumulation, in 1622. He died of apoplexy at Canterbury on Whitsun-day, 1625. Gibbons was an accomplished musician, and composer of church music and madrigals.
fol. 15 In 1631 I mad a tomb for Doctor Done and sett it up in St Palles London for the which I was payed by Doctor Montford the som of 120^. I toke 6o£ in platt in partt of payment.
64 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
1631. MURAL MONUMENT TO DR. JOHN DONNE, DEAN or ST. PAUL'S, LONDON, IN THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH. PLATE xxn.
This extraordinary monument stood on the south side of the choir of the old church ; it was partially destroyed in the fire of 1666, and Hatton states that ' the remains are still to be seen in the vault'. It has, however, been restored since, and re-erected in the south aisle of the choir.
The effigy, which is the original one, is represented swathed in a shroud and standing in, or rising out of, an urn. It is executed in white marble, and is placed in a grey marble niche with semicircular head, above which is a white marble tablet and escutcheon with garlands. Isaac Walton, in his life of Donne,1 relates the circumstance which led to his monument taking this unusual form. Shortly before his death he had his full-length portrait painted life size, as thus described : ' Several charcoal fires being first made in his large study, he brought with him into that place his winding-sheet in his hand, and having put off all his clothes, had this sheet put upon him, and so tied with knots at his head and feet, and his hands so placed as dead bodies are usually fitted to be shrouded and put into their coffin or grave.' Upon a wooden model of an urn he stood, ' with his lean, pale, and deathlike face,' whilst his picture was drawn by a painter upon a board. This picture he kept beside his bed until his death, when it was given to his friend and executor, Dr. Henry King, who caused his effigy to be thus sculptured ; his other executor being Dr. Monford.
In addition to the above memorandum in his note-book, there are several references to the work in his account book (see pp. 85, 90), in one of which we find that of the £120 which Stone received for the monument he took £56 8s. 6d. in plate, details of which he gives, and which he paid for at the modest price of 55. 6d. an ounce. Stone also mentions the names of three craftsmen who assisted him in the work : Humphrey Mayer, who finished the effigy ; Robert Flower, who worked the niche ; and Mr. Babbe, who blacked the inscription.
John Donne, the son of John Donne, citizen and ironmonger, was born in the parish of St. Nicholas Olave, Bread Street Hill, in 1573. He entered Hertford Hall, Oxford, in his eleventh year, and three years later transferred to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he stayed till his seventeenth year. In 1596 he was appointed secretary to Sir Thomas Egerton, Lord Keeper, and whilst in his employ he fell in love with his niece, Anne, daughter of Sir George More, of Loseley, and married her privately in 1600, which caused his dismissal and temporary imprisonment. He, however, later attracted the notice of King James, at whose request he took Holy Orders, about 1614, and was appointed his chaplain, the degree of D.D. being conferred on him at Cambridge. In 1620 he was appointed Dean of St. Paul's, and died March 31, 1631. Though a dev6ut man and a good preacher, he was celebrated as a poet and wit rather than as a divine.
In 1632 I mad a tombe for Mr Doctor Barker and set it up at Oxford in New Coledges Chapell for the which I had well payed me 50^".
1632. MURAL TABLET TO DR. HUGO BARKER IN NEW COLLEGE CHAPEL, OXFORD.
PLATE xxi (c).
The tablet is on the west walPof the ante-chapel. It consists of a spirited half- length bust of white marble, set in a black marble circular-headed niche, with a bold corbel under. Above is an inscription-tablet (out of proportion with the niche beneath),
' Lives of Dr. John Donne and others, by Isaac Walton, 1826 ed.
PLATE XXII
MURAI. MONUMENT TO DR. JOHN DONNE IN ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL, LONDON. 1631.
PLATE XXI II
(*)
MURAL MONUMENT TO THOMAS LORD KNYVETT AND HIS WIFE IN ST. MARY's CHURCH, STANWELL, MIDDLESEX. 1623.
THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 65
surmounted by a cornice with broken curved pediment enclosing an achievement of arms.
Dr. Hugo Barker was a Professor of Roman Law, Chancellor of the Diocese of Oxford, and Dean of the Court of Arches. He died in 1632, the tablet being erected by Mary, his widow. He is represented in a doublet, official gown, and ruff ; the head is well carved and has the appearance of being a portrait.
In 1623 I mad a tombe for my Lord Knevett and sett it up at Stanwell hear in Medellsex by Stanes for the which I had well payed the som of 215^".
1623. MURAI. MONUMENT TO THOMAS, LORD KNYVETT AND HIS WIFE IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, STANWELL, co. MIDDLESEX. PLATES xxm and xxiv(r).
This is a well-proportioned monument against the north wall of the chancel, though it is marred perhaps by the too free treatment of the curtains and fringe enclosing the canopy. It is constructed of alabaster and black marble, the effigies being of white marble. The altar, or base, is made unusually high with good effect, and the treatment of the panelling and festoons is pleasing. The upper portion consists of a canopy with Corinthian columns supporting a horizontal entablature with curved broken pediment, enclosing an achievement of arms. Under the canopy are the effigies, nearly life size, of Lord and Lady Knyvett, kneeling at a faldstool, facing one another. He is wearing trunk hose, a gown edged with fur, fur-lined mantle, M.A. hood, ruff, and embroidered skull-cap ; and Lady Knyvett a gown, bodice with tight sleeves, fur-lined mantle with fur tippet, ruff, and veil. The introduction of curtains, sculptured in marble, is not a satisfactory treatment for a monument, having a somewhat theatrical effect: it was adopted by Stone in the case of two other monuments, those to Sir Charles Morison, Knt. (Plate x), and to Lady Knatchbull (Plate xxvi(rt)).
Thomas Knyvett, of Buckenham, co. Norfolk, was Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to Queen Elizabeth ; he was knighted by James I in March 1603, who also bestowed on him the manor of Stanwell. He married in 1597 Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Rowland Hayward, Lord Mayor of London in 1590, and widow of Richard Warren. To them was entrusted by James the care of the Princess Mar}', who died in infancy in 1607. He was created Baron Knyvett of Estrick in the same year, and died without issue in July 1622, his wife dying in September following.1
In 1630 I mad a tombe for Ser Adam Niton and sett it up at Charlenton by Grenwedg for the wich my very nobell frind Ser David Cuningham payed me i8o/.
1630. MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR ADAM NEWTON IN ST. LUKE'S CHURCH, CHARLTON, co. KENT. PLATEXXI(Q).
This monument was formerly in the north chancel, but is now at the west end of the south aisle. It is simple in character, consisting of a plain altar-tomb, over which is a trabeated canopy supported on Corinthian columns and pilasters : the pediment is curved and broken, and encloses an achievement of arms. At the back of the recess- there is no effigy — is a large inscription-tablet of white-veined marble. The monument is constructed of grey, white, red, and black marbles.
Sir Adam Newton, who seems to have been a man of many parts, was appointed tutor to Prince Henry, son of James I, in 1599, and, on his death, to Prince Charles,
1 Did. Nat. Biography. VII. K
66 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
afterwards King Charles I. In 1606 he was installed, though a layman, Dean of Durham, a preferment, however, which he resigned in 1620 on being created a baronet. In 1611 he was granted the reversion of the Secretaryship of the Principality of Wales and Clerkship of the Council on the death of Sir Fulke Greville, which, however, did not occur until 1628. He married Katherine, daughter of Sir John Puckering, Knt, Lord Keeper, and died in January 1629-30, leaving issue four daughters and one son, Henry, his successor to the title and estate, as well as to that of his uncle, Sir Thomas Puckering, whose surname he eventually assumed.1 The date of the death of his wife is not recorded, but, as the monument seems to have been erected to their joint memories, it may be assumed that she predeceased him.
Sir Adam erected the fine manor house in Charlton Park, and St. Luke's Church was enlarged, and the brick tower built by his executors, in 1640, in accordance with the terms of his will. Sir David Cunningham was Master of the Works in Scotland to James I, and Cofferer to Prince Charles, and Mr. Bullock '- suggests that it was possibly through his influence that Stone obtained the work at Holyrood in 1619. It would seem that their relationship must have been a very intimate one.
fol. 16 In 1628 I mad a Tomb for the letell son of Ser Robartt Nanton Mer. of the
Cortt of Wardes for the which I had the som of i6£.
1628. MONUMENT TO THE SON OF SIR ROBERT NAUNTON, PROBABLY IN LETHERINGHAM
CHURCH, co. SUFFOLK.
This monument, which has not been traced, was probably, from its cost, a mural tablet. The monument to Sir Robert Naunton, Master of the Court of Wards, and author of Fragmenta Regalia, was erected in Letheringham Church. The church, how- ever, being exempt from ecclesiastical jurisdiction, was, in the eighteenth century, allowed to go to ruin, and the alabaster monuments were converted into plaster of Paris, the son's tablet probably sharing this fate.3
In 1632 I mad a tombe for Ser Humprey Lee and it was sett up in the Chearch of Acton Bromell in the Conty of Salop for the which Ser Frances Keniston payed me 66,£. igs. 4d.
1632. MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR HUMPHREY LEE IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, ACTON BURNELL, co. SALOP. PLATE xxiv (a) and (b).
The monument is corbelled out from the west wall of the north transept. Beneath a two-arched canopy— Stone's favourite feature — supported on pilasters and a central corbel, are the life-size effigies of Sir Humphrey and Lady Lee, kneeling at a faldstool and facing one another. He wears plate armour, very full trunk hose, and ruff, whilst his wife wears a bodice with full sleeves, gown, large ruff, and long veil. The cornice has a straight-sided pediment, crowned at the apex with an achievement of arms, and at the ends are two skulls. Within the pediment is a small cartouche with festooned drapery, delicately treated. Beneath the recess are the effigies, in small, of their son and five daughters, all kneeling, and below them an inscription-tablet. The monument is constructed of alabaster, with pilasters of red and grey marbles.
1 History of Kent, by Edward Hasted. New edition of the Hundred of Blackheath, by H. H. Drake, 1886, pp. 120, 121, 132.
2 Some Sculptural Works of Nicholas Stone, by E. A. Bullock, 1908, p. 19. * History of Leicestershire, by John Nichols, 1795, vol. iii, p. 515 et seq.
PI.ATK XXIV
(a) MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR HUMPHREY AND I.ADY LEE IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, ACTON BURNKI.I, SALOP. 1632.
(b) EFFIGIES OF SIR HUMPHREY AND LADY LEE.
MONUMENT TO THOMAS LORD KNYVETT AM) HIS (d) MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR THOMAS AND LADY WIFE IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, STANWELL, MIDDLE- PALMER IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, WINGHAM,
SEX. 1623. KENT. 1624.
PLATE XXV
(*)
MURAL TABLET TO SIR THOMAS AND LADY MERRY IN ST. MARY's CHURCH, WALTHAMSTOW, ESSEX. 1633.
THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 67
Sir Humphrey Lee, of Langley, co. Salop, was a deputy-lieutenant of the county, and was created a baronet in 1630. He married Margaret, daughter of Sir Richard Corbett, of Stoke, in the same county, and died in 1632 at the age of 77.
In 1624 I mad a tombe for Ser Thomas Palmer and it was sett up in Kent at Winham 6 milles byound Canterbury for the which Ser Roger Palmer payed me ioo/.
1624. MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR THOMAS AND LADY PALMER IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, WINGHAM, co. KENT. PLATE xxiv (d).
The monument stands against the east wall of a chapel on the south side of the chancel. The effigies of Sir Thomas and his wife lie on a panelled altar-tomb, above them being a shallow canopy with trabeated entablature supported on two Corinthian columns and a central corbel, and at the back of the recess are two arched panels containing inscriptions. The pediment, which is curved and broken, encloses a large panel containing an achievement of arms, and at the ends sit two little naked boys. The effigies have received rough usage, and are not so finely sculptured as the best of Stone's work. Sir Thomas wears plate armour, trunk hose, and lace collar, his wife being clothed in a bodice with embroidered sleeves and cuffs, gown, ruff, and a long veil. The monument is constructed of alabaster and black marble.
Sir Thomas Palmer was knighted in 1596, and created a baronet in 1621. He married Margaret, daughter of John Pole}', of Hadby, co. Suffolk, and died in January 1624-5, aged 85, his wife dying in August of the same year at the age of 83. Sir Roger Palmer, who paid for the monument, was their second son.
In 1633 I mad a tombe for Ser Thomas Meary and his lady and it standeth at Waltam stow hear by in Esex for the which I had 50^".
1633. MURAL TABLET TO SIR THOMAS AND LADY MERRY IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, WALTHAMSTOW, co. ESSEX. PLATE xxv.
This interesting and original monument is on the east wall of the chancel, and in motive it somewhat resembles that which Stone erected at Hadley in 1616 to Sir Roger Wilbraham (Plate vn). The two half-length figures of Sir Thomas and his wife are set in oval niches, surmounted by an elaborate entablature bearing in the centre an achieve- ment of arms with the tinctures coloured. Sir Thomas wears plate armour, cuffs, and ruff, and holds a book in his left hand ; and his lady a bodice with slashed sleeves, ruff, and veil, and she carries a skull in her right hand, indicating that she pre-deceased him. Beneath the niches is an inscription between two panels containing in high relief heads of their two sons and two daughters, treated in a somewhat unusual manner suggestive of early Italian work. The sons have long hair, which also covers their foreheads, moustaches, and a small tuft of hair on the lower lip, and wear doublets and collars, whilst the daughters have curly hair, bare necks, and bead necklaces.
The monument is constructed mainly of white marble, the frieze and small pilasters being of red, and the inscriptions of black marble. From a description given by Strype ' it seems that there were originally some panels at the bottom of the tablet, on one of which were some panegyric verses said to have been written by Sir William Davenant in Lady Merry's honour; these have been cut away to make room for some modern wood panelling, and the monument has been otherwise mutilated during the rebuilding of the chancel.
1 Strype's edition of Stow, 1720, vol. ii, p. 782. K 2
68 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
Sir Thomas Merry held the office of Chief Controller, and received knighthood in 1617. His wife, Mary, died in 1632, and Sir Thomas erected the monument to their joint memory on her death. The date of his death is not recorded.
foi. 17 In 1634 I mad a chemney pecs for Ser John Holland and sett it up at
qidnon in Northfolk for the which I had 1000^.
Quidenham Hall, co. Norfolk, formerly the seat of the Hollands, was purchased by the Keppel family in 1762, who have since rebuilt the house, and this chimney, which from its cost must have been a fine one, no longer exists there. Sir John Holland, of Quidenham, was created a baronet in 1629. He married Alethea, daughter of John Panton, of Denbighshire, and widow of William, Lord Sandys, and died in 1701 at the age of 97.1
And [in] 1632 I mad a chemney pecs for Mr Paston set up at Oxnett in Northfolk for the which I had 8o.£ — and on statua of Venccs and Cupet and had 30^" for it; and i statua of Jupeter 2$£ -- and the 3 headed dogd Serbros with a petestall 14^ -- and sencs on Harcules and Marcury 50^ -- and a tomb for my Lady Ketren his dear wyef 200^" and a letell chemny peces in a banking- Hows 30^ and on Ranes [Ranee] marbell Tabell with a foot 15^" - - and divres other things sent don to him from tim to time as pantings and Armes &c.
and in May 1641 sent to him 3 statuas the on of Apollow Deano and Juno Agreed for 25^" a pecs with petestalls.
It was in 1631 that Stone commenced the continuous series of statues, busts, &c., which William Paston, afterwards Sir William Paston, Bart., commissioned him to execute for the adornment of his house and grounds at Oxnead, near Aylsham. The Pastons were an ancient and honourable Norfolk family whose name is especially familiar in connexion with the published series of letters, known as The Paston Letters, written between 1422 and 1509.
The family at different times held numerous estates in Norfolk ; their principal family seats, however, being at Paston and Oxnead. The former house has entirely disap- peared, and only a portion of the east wing of the great house at Oxnead is now standing. This house was built— or rather rebuilt — in a magnificent style by Sir Clement Paston in the reign of Henry VIII. Mr. James Gairdner, in the introduction to his edition of The Paston Letters, considered him the most illustrious of the whole line : he was a great naval officer and served under four sovereigns— Henry VIII calling him 'his champion', the Protector Somerset 'his soldier', Queen Mary 'her seaman', and Queen Elizabeth 'her father'.- Sir Clement died childless, and the estate devolved successively to his nephew, Sir William Paston, his son, Sir Christopher, his son, Sir Edmund, who, together with his wife, Katherine, was buried at Paston and Sir William Paston, the first baronet, and Stone's special client. Sir William was succeeded by his son, Sir Robert, a favourite of Charles II, who created him Viscount and Earl of Yarmouth. His son, William, the second earl, married the Lady Charlotte Boyle Fitzroy, a natural daughter of Charles II by Elizabeth Killegrew; and he dying without surviving male issue the title became extinct. It was during his occupancy and that of his father that the estate, owing to the extravagance engendered by the royal
1 Blomefield's History of Norfolk. The Paston Letters, 1422-1509, edited by James Gairdner, 1910. Introduction, p. xxxi et seq.
PLATE XXVI
((?) MURAL MONUMENT TO LADY KATHERINE PASTON IN THE CHURCH OK ST. NICHOLAS, OXNEAD, NORFOLK. 1636?
(/>) BUST OF LADY KATHERIXE PASTON : PART OK THE MONUMENT IN THE CHURCH OF ST. NICHOLAS, OXNEAD, NORFOLK. 1636?
MURAL MONUMENT TO LADY KNATCHBUI.L IN ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST'S CHURCH, MERSHAM, KENT. 1626.
•Ai
MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR WILLIAM AND LADY STONEIIOUSE IN ST. JAMEs's CHURCH, KADLF.Y, BERKS. 1633.
THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 69
relationship, became impoverished ; the house being eventually allowed to go to ruin and its contents sold, and in the eighteenth century it was mostly destroyed by fire. The house was built in the shape of the letter H on plan, and though not more than a quarter of it now remains, what is left still forms a good-sized house, and under the present lawns and shrubberies are many large cellars which formerly formed portion of the basement of the centre block.
The statuary work executed by Stone included a group of Venus and Cupid ; statues of Apollo, Hercules, Jupiter, Mercury, Diana, Flora (in wood), Juno, and Cerberus; busts of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina, and two chimney-pieces, one of them costing £80, &c. ; and he also carried out some mason's work and marble paving in the house itself. In addition to these, the natural work of his craft, Stone employed other craftsmen on Sir W. Paston's behalf, Mr. Penson supplying through him some joiner's work, Thomas Sebroke some ironmongery and an iron pergola, 13 ft. long, whilst Mr. Portman painted a ' landskip of London ' and ' a little landscape with perspective ', for which Stone paid him respectively £j and £2 105. on his patron's behalf. Particulars of these works are given in some detail in the Account-book (see pp. 95 sy.).
Of all these works the only one probably now existing is the Portland stone statue of Hercules (Plate xxvn(fl)), which I discovered in a garden of a cottage on the Blickling estate. At the sale of the Oxnead effects the Earl of Buckinghamshire removed the statues to the gardens of Blickling Hall, and in course of time, becoming decayed, they were removed, and, with the exception of that of Hercules, were eventually employed in the ignoble use of filling up a pond.
1636? MURAL MONUMENT TO LADY KATHERINE PASTON IN THE CHURCH OF ST. NICHOLAS, OXNEAD, co. NORFOLK. PLATE xxvi (a) and (b).
The monument to Lady Katherine Paston, referred to in the same note, is against the north wall of the chancel; close by, within the altar-rails, being also that to Sir Clement Paston. The monument is not a good example of Stone's work, though the bust is a fine one. It consists of a shallow altar-tomb with peculiarly arranged panels, on which is a large circular-headed niche, surmounted by a cornice which originally had a curved pediment, some fragments of which are lying close by. In the niche is the bust of Lady Katherine, in a square-cut bodice trimmed with lace, standing on a spreading base on which is carved a cartouche bearing the arms of Paston and Bertie, impaled, and two supporters. On each side of the niche is a white marble inscription-tablet with rounded head. The two amorini at the base were probably seated on the pediment. The body of the monument is of a grey marble.
Lady Katherine Paston was the daughter of Robert Bertie, first Earl of Lindsey, and first wife of Sir William Paston. Sir William was High Sheriff of the county in 1636, and in 1642 was created a baronet. Lady Katherine died in childbed in 1636, and Sir William in 1662, he being buried at Paston.1
fol. 18 In Hatton Hows galerry 3 marbl Chemney peces for the Duches of Rich
mon 2oo£.
Hatton House was built by Sir Christopher Hatton, Lord Keeper in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, upon the site of the orchard and gardens of Ely Place. In 1623 Ludovic Stuart, first Duke of Richmond and Lenox, of the earlier foundation, obtained a grant of Ely Place, and at the time of his death in the following year he was in negotia- tion for a lease of Hatton House also, and seems to have been in temporary occupation
1 Bloinefield's History of Norfolk, vol. vi, p. 491.
70 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
of it, as his body lay in state there for six weeks. After his death the Duchess, Frances, daughter of Thomas Howard, Viscount Bindon, continued the negotiations with the Lady Elizabeth Hatton (widow of Sir William Hatton and daughter of Thomas Cecil, first Earl of Exeter), but they were unable to come to terms, and eventually she retired to Ely Place in March 1626.' No date is given by Stone of the erection of the three chimney- pieces, but it would have been between that of the Duke's death in 1624 and of her relinquishing the house in 1626. In 1634 Stone erected a stone staircase at Hatton House for the Lady Elizabeth (see p. 101), and in or about 1660 the house was taken down, and the present Hatton Garden and other streets laid .out on the site.
In 1631 Agreed with the Right Hon. Lord Earell of Danby for to mak 3 ston gattes in to the phiseck garden Oxford : and to desine a new Hows for him at Corenbury in Oxfordsheer and to dereckt the workmen and mak all thar moldes, I was thar in 2 years 33 times and my covenant of acord with his lord, was iooo,£.
1632-3. THREE GATEWAYS TO THE PHYSIC GARDEN, OXFORD.
PLATES xxvn (b) and xxvin.
The Physic, or Botanical Garden at Oxford was founded by Sir Henry Danvers, first Earl of Danby, son of Sir John Danvers, of Chelsea. In early life he obtained some military and naval reputation, and was knighted by Henry IV of France. He was created Baron Dantsey of Dantsey, co. Wilts, in 1603, and Earl of Danby in 1625-6 : he died, unmarried, at his Oxfordshire seat, Cornbury Park, in January 1643-4, when the title became extinct.
The three gateways include the principal entrance to the gardens on the north side, and two smaller east and west gates. Their design has been attributed to Inigo Jones, but there is no record of his having been connected with the work. Charles Stoakes says that his uncle designed them (p. 137), and Stone's own note is quite in consonance with that statement, as his agreement for the work was made direct with his client.
The principal gateway is of the Doric order, with rusticated engaged columns, jambs, and arches. In niches on each side of the archway are statues of Charles I and Charles II; these, however, are of later date. In a niche in the pediment, over the archway, is a bust of the Earl of Danby with escutcheons and garlands at the sides. The design of the garden front is simpler in character, and it may be noticed that on both fronts Stone places a pediment within a pediment, a device which he sometimes adopted in his monuments.
In addition to this work Stone executed three monuments in Oxford, namely, to Sir Thomas Bodley at Merton College in 1615, to Dr. Barker at New College in 1632, and to . the sons of Sir Thomas Lyttelton at Magdalen College in 1635 ; and lastly, although not mentioned by Stone himself, Stoakes states that 'He desined and built the Noble Frontispeece with Twisted Collums at St. Mary's Church ' (p. 137). Laud, in his Gesta Cancellariatus Laud, p. 140, states : ' This year, 1637, the porche at St. Marie's was finisht, at the cost of my chaplayne, Dr. Morgan Owen, which was £230.' The design of this porch, or rather this classic front to the Gothic porch, has again been attributed by some writers to Inigo Jones, but no authority can be quoted for this assumption, and had it been designed by so important a man as the Surveyor of His Majesty's Works, it seems probable that Laud would have mentioned the fact. Mr. Reginald Blomfield, in his History of Renaissance Architecture in England, expresses some doubt whether there is any
1 Wheatley and Cunningham's London Past and Present, 1891, vol. ii, pp. 10, 195.
PLATK XXVII
(ft) STATUE OF HERCULES FROM OXNKAO.
(b) GATEWAY TO THE PHYSIC GARDEN, OXFORD. 1632-33.
PLATE XXVIII
(a)
(A)
GATEWAY TO THE PHYSIC GARDEN, OXFORD. 1632-33.
PLATE XXIX
(fl) CEILING OF BKDROOM.
(ll) CEILING OF AXOTHKR BEDROOM.
(f) SOUTH PORCH.
CORNBURY HOUSK, OXON. 1632-33.
(d) HOODED CHIMNEY PIECE.
THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 71
work of his design at Oxford, and whilst we may, in the face of Stoakes's statement, safely assume that Stone built the porch, there is reason also for ascribing its design to him, even if Jones should have given him some friendly advice with regard to it. A view of the porch is given on Plate xi.m (a).
' 1632-3. ADDITIONS TO CORNBURY HOUSE, co. OXON., FOR THE EARL OF DANBY.
PLATE xxix.
Whilst Stone was erecting the gateways at the Physic Garden he was also engaged on the work at the Earl of Danby's house at Cornbury. In this instance Stone undoubtedly acted as architect, designing the work, giving instructions to the workmen, supplying details and moulds, and paying constant visits to the building whilst the work was in progress. Gabriel Stacey, Stone's cousin, seems to have been placed in charge of the work, as also of that at Oxford, and in the Account-book (p. 92) are given a series of payments made to him from time to time, though it is not quite clear to what purposes the money was applied, or what services were included in his £1,000 covenant with Lord Dan by.
Cornbury was a Tudor house, H-shaped on plan ; and from the valuable history of it written by its present owner, Mr. Vernon Watney, and the late Mr. John Belcher, R.A., in the former's sumptuous work on Cornbmy and Wychwood Forest,1 it would appear that if Stone designed, as he states, an entirely new house, he did not carry out such extensive operations, his work being, apparently, confined mainly, to the rebuilding of the central block, which included the great hall and dining-room with bed rooms over the latter, and vaulted cellars under. The west Tudor wing still remains, but the east wing was rebuilt in 1666 from the designs of Hugh May, who at the same time altered the exterior of Stone's block, facing south to correspond with his new work. Several alterations have also been made from time to time in the interior, the hall, still known as ' the Stone Hall ', having been divided into two stories, so that not much of Stone's architecture now remains ; Mr. Belcher, however, considered that the hooded chimney-piece and stone paving in the hall, with the vaulted cellars under, and the boldly-designed plaster ceilings of the two bed rooms over the dining room are his work, and possibly also the south porch, now entirely hidden by creepers. It is probable that the simple stone chimney-piece of the work-room in the old Tudor wing was likewise designed by him.
In 1626 I mad a tomb for Ser Norton Katchbills lady in Kent and sett it up at Mersomhacs for the which I had 30^".
1626. MURAL MONUMENT TO LADY KNATCHBULL IN ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST'S CHURCH, MERSHAM, co. KENT. PLATE xxvi (c).
This monument, which is on the north wall of the chancel, is one of the least satisfactory of Stone's works, being very theatrical in design, and some of the detail being coarse. It adjoins an earlier monument to one of the Knatchbull family, and its details seem to have been influenced by this in some respects.
The effigy of Lady Knatchbull is kneeling in a canopied recess, which is partly enclosed with curtains drawn aside by two fully draped mundane angels, having luxuriant locks resembling somewhat the artificial wigs of some fifty years later, and who over- shadow in importance the principal figure. She wears a bodice with embroidered tight sleeves, gown, ruff, and long veil. Above the entablature, which is semi-elliptical in plan, is a superstructure containing a large, boldly designed cartouche with the arms of the Knatchbull and Astley families, impaled. It is surmounted by a cornice, the pediment
1 Cornbury and Wychwood Forest, by Vernon J. Watney, 1910.
72 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
of which is curved and broken, and encloses a coronet with ostrich plumes — the Astley crest. At the sides, over the principal entablature, are two attached obelisks, noticeable as being the only known occasion when this Elizabethan feature was used by Stone. The monument is of alabaster, partly coloured, and black marble, the effigy being of white marble. The stated cost— only £30 — seems incredible, excepting on the probable supposition that Stone had himself little personal connexion with the work.
Bridget, Lady Knatchbull, was a daughter of John Astley, of Maidstone, Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to Queen Elizabeth, and the second wife of Sir Norton Knatchbull, of Mersham Hatch, Knt., M.P. for Hythe, and High Sheriff of Kent in 1606. She died in 1625, aged 54, and Sir Norton in I636.1
In 1633 I mad a tomb for my Lady Kneghtly and sett up in Warecksheer for which I had payed 50^.
The information given above is too vague to enable me to locate the monument. The chief seat of the Knightley family is at Fawsley, in Northants, which is about four miles from the borders of Warwickshire ; but there were many branches of the family, some of which had seats in the latter county, and so many of its members were knighted that the mere title of ' Lady' gives no clue without a Christian name being attached ; the note, moreover, leaves it uncertain whether the monument was erected by, or to, a Lady Knightlejr.
fol. 19 In 1633 I mad a tombe for Ser William Stonhows and sett it up at Radly
in Oxfordshear by Abington for the which I had I2o£.
1633. MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR WILLIAM AND LADY STONEHOUSE IN ST. JAMES'S CHURCH, RADLEY, co. BERKS. PLATES xxvi (d).
This is an important monument on the south side of the chancel, within the altar- rails. The effigies of Sir William and his wife lie on an altar-tomb, above them being a shallow canopied recess with elliptical arch, at the back of which is a large inscription- panel. It is surmounted by a cornice with broken pediment enclosing an achievement of arms. At the end of the monument is a life-size effigy of the eldest son, Sir John Stonehouse, kneeling on a pedestal of the same height as the altar-tomb. He died a few months after the death of his father, but before the erection of the monument ; hence he bears a skull on his knee. On the front of the altar are figures in high relief of the remainder of the family, including, on the left, two sons in black robes, and four babes who died in infancy, wrapped in scarlet with gold bands and wearing scarlet caps ; they lie on a pillow with a skull beneath them. On the right kneel their five daughters, dressed in black. Sir William is clothed in a doublet, a long black gown embroidered with gold, and ruff, and his lady in a bodice with full sleeves tied in at the elbows, ruff, cap, and long veil. The eldest son wears plate armour, trunk hose, spurs, and small ruff. The monument is of alabaster, with black marble pilasters and panels ; the effigies are also of alabaster, and, together with the numerous coats of arms, are richly coloured.
Sir William Stonehouse was born in 1555 ; he was created a baronet in 1628, and died in February 1631-2. He married Elizabeth, only daughter and heir of John Powell, of Fulham. His eldest son, Sir John Stonehouse, Knt. and Bart., died in June 1632, at the age of 3i.2
1 Parsons' Monuments of Kent. * Burke's Peerage.
PLATE XXX
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PLATE XXXI
ALTAR-TOMB TO ARTHUR AND ELIZABETH COKE IN ST. ANDREW S CHURCH, BRAMFIF.LD, SUFFOLK. 1634.
THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 73
In 1630 I mad a tombe for Sir Richard Varncy and his lady sett up at Compton Varncy for the which I had payed me go£.
1630. ALTAR-TOMB TO SIR RICHARD AND LADY VERNEY IN THE PRIVATE CHAPEL OF COMPTON VERNEY HOUSE, co. WARWICK. PLATE xxx.
This monument is a simply-designed altar-tomb with panelled pilasters, standing in the centre of the chapel. On it lie the effigies of Sir Richard and his wife. He is in plate armour, trunk hose, and lace collar, and Lady Verney wears a square-cut bodice, filled in with pleated lace, full sleeves, cuffs, gown, ruff, and long veil. At the head of the tomb is a boldly carved achievement of arms with six quarterings. The effigies are of alabaster, and the tomb itself is of the same material with black marble panels and slab.
Sir Richard Verney, of Compton Murdac, co. Warwick, was the younger son of Sir Ralph Verney ; he was knighted in 1603, and served the office of High Sheriff of that county in 1604. He married Margaret, daughter of Sir Fulke Greville, and grand- daughter of Elizabeth Willoughby, who, on the death of her brother Fulke, Lord Broke, in 1628, became sole heiress of the Willoughby and Greville estates. Sir Richard died in August 1630, at the age of 67, and Dame Margaret in March 1631, aged 70.
In 1634 I mad a tomb for Mr After Cook and his wife wharfor he paye in his let" tim 6o£ and Ser Robart Cook his brother payed after the sayed After Cook decesed 70^" in all I was payed 130^ and it was sett up at Bramton in Soffolk.
1634. ALTAR-TOMB TO ARTHUR AND ELIZABETH COKE IN ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH, BRAM- FIELD, co. SUFFOLK. PLATE xxxi.
Stone here makes mistakes not only in the name of the village, but also in that of the family, spelling it phonetically, Cook, instead of Coke. The monument, which is against the north wall of the chancel, is somewhat unusual on account of the excessive simplicity of the architectural setting. The lower portion consists of a plain altar-tomb with black marble inscription-panel and slab, on which lies the effigy in polished statuary marble of Elizabeth Coke, who died in childbirth, with her baby in her arms. This is one of the most beautiful, and certainly the most pathetic, of Stone's effigies ; the drapery, the features, and the hands are all very delicately executed, and though the treatment is natural, it is at the same time statuesque. She is lying on a bed, the upper portion of her body being raised on two pillows, and wears a nightdress with lace collar or cape and cuffs, and a veil or kerchief on her head, her body being covered with an embroidered coverlet. The baby in her arms is in swaddling clothes and a cap. Above the altar-tomb is a recessed semicircular niche with plain jambs, probably of stone, but now apparently repaired in cement and painted black. In the niche is the kneeling effigy, in white-veined marble, of Arthur Coke, wearing plate armour, trunk hose, and a plain collar. The niche is surrounded with numerous coloured cartouches, very decorative in effect.
Arthur Coke was the second son of Sir Edward Coke, Lord Chief Justice, whose fine monument in Titteshall Church, Norfolk, was executed by Stone in 1638 (see p. 75). He married Elizabeth, only child of Sir George Waldegrave, Knt., of Suffolk. She (as the inscription quaintly says), ' christianly and peaceably departed this life ' on November 14, 1627; and he 'likewise christianly and peaceably departed this life' on December 6, 1629. The date given by Stone, 1634, as that of the execution of the monument was probably that of the final payment, as it was partly paid for by Arthur Coke, and probably therefore commenced before his death.
Sir Robert Coke was the eldest son of Sir Edward Coke. VII. L
74 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
In 1635 I mad a tombe for the 2 sonns of Scr Thomas Lctclton and sett it up in Madlen Coledge in Oxford whar the both war droned for the which work I had 50^.
1634. MURAL TABLET TO JOHN AND THOMAS LYTTELTON IN THE CHAPEL OF MAGDALEN COLLEGE, OXFORD. PLATE xxxn (a).
This monument is on the east wall of the ante-chapel. It is of white veined marble, and consists of an inscription-tablet enclosed with an architrave, beneath it being a shield containing twelve quarterings, and above it a shaped frieze on which is a wreath, and a cornice with broken curved pediment enclosing the Lyttelton crest — a negro's head. Standing on corbels on each side of the tablet are life-size effigies of Sir Thomas Lyttelton's two sons, John and Thomas, aged 17 and 13 respectively, who were drowned at Oxford, the former in his attempt to save the latter,1 in 1635. The upper portion of their bodies is bare, the lower part being covered by a draped sheet. The monument is not one of Stone's happiest efforts owing, partly, to the unusual position of the two effigies, an arrangement for which he was probably not responsible.
Sir Thomas Lyttelton, of Frankley, co. Worcester, was knighted and created a baronet in 1618. He was Sheriff of Staffordshire in 1613, and represented his native county in Parliament for many years. During the Civil Wars he had the chief command of the Royalist troops in Worcestershire. He was succeeded in the title by Henry, the fifth but eldest surviving of twelve sons.
fol. 20 In 1635? I mad a tombe for Mr. Wythins set up in Croked lane Chearch
in London for the which I was payed ioo£.
The church of St. Michael, Crooked Lane, was destroyed in the Great Fire : it was rebuilt by Wren in 1688, and again destroyed in 1831 to make way for the new approach to London Bridge from the Bank. The monument to Mr. Wythins probably perished in the fire, as neither Hatton (1708) nor Strype (1720) mention it in their lists, although it must have been one of some importance.
We find from the Church Register that Francis Withins, of Tower Hill, was the son of Robert and Margaret Withins. He was baptized on January 5, 1567-8, and was buried in a vault at the vestry door on January 25, 1633-4.
In 1636 I mad a tombe for Ser Julyes Ceser Mr. of the Rooles and sett it up in St Elens Chearch London for [which] I had 110^.
1636. ALTAR-TOMB TO SIR JULIUS CAESAR IN ST. HELEN'S CHURCH, BISHOPSGATE STREET, LONDON. PLATE xxxn (b).
This monument is a very plain altar-tomb of white marble, with a slab of touchstone. In the latter are inlaid three white marble tablets with inscriptions, one of them repre- senting a legal document written in chancery characters, to which is attached a large seal bearing Sir Julius Caesar's arms. The monument stood originally in the south chapel, but it is now in the nuns' choir on the north side of the chancel.
Sir Julius Adelmare, who took the surname of Caesar, was born at Tottenham in X557> his father, Caesar Adelmar, who was descended from Adelmar, Count of Genoa, being physician to Queens Mary and Elizabeth. He was Judge of the Admiralty Court under Elizabeth, and held the offices of Master of Requests, Chancellor of the Exchequer,
1 Abraham Cowley wrote an elegy on John Lyttelton in memory of his self-sacrifice.
PLATE XXX II
(a) MURAI. TABLET TO JOHN AN!) THOMAS I.YTTELTON IX THi: CHAPEL OK MACPALKN COLLEGE, OXFORD.
(b) ALTAR-TOMB TO SIR JULIUS CAESAR IN ST. HELEN'S CHURCH, BISHOPSGATE STREET, LONDON. 1636.
PLATE XXXIII
CANOPIED ALTAR-TOMB TO LORD AND LADY SPENCER IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, GREAT RRINGTON, NORTHANTS. 1638.
THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 75
and Master of the Rolls under James I. He received knighthood in 1603, and died in April, 1636, aged 89. Sir Julius was married three times, his monument being erected by his widow, Dame Anna Caesar, and Stone's agreement with her for the monument is written in his Account-book (see p. 105).
In 1638 I mad a tombe for the Lord Spencer and his Lady and sett up at Althrorp in North hantshear for the which I had very well payed me 6oo/.
1638. CANOPIED ALTAR-TOMB TO LORD AND LADY SPENCER IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, GREAT BRINGTON, co. NORTHANTS. PLATE xxxni.
The sum paid to Stone for this monument, which stands at the west end of the Spencer Chapel, was the largest received by him. It consists of a large altar-tomb of white marble, with black marble panels, supporting a low sarcophagus of black marble, on which lie the effigies of Lord and Lady Spencer, carved in statuary marble. He wears a baron's robe, gown, coffered collar, edged with lace, and square-toed shoes ; and Lady Spencer a bodice with full sleeves, gown, a peeress's mantle draped over her feet, and veil. Round her neck is a pearl necklace, and lower down a richly decorated chain collar with the letter ' S ' repeated round it, probably as the initial of the family name. The effigies and accessories are beautifully executed and are in perfect condition. Over the tomb is an arched baldachino supported on eight Corinthian columns, and on the cornice are large achievements of arms and emblems. The canopy is of white marble and the shafts of the columns of veined black marble. Whilst the monument is undoubtedly a handsome one, the upper portion is not satisfactory, and it seems possible that the designs of the two ends originally included central columns with double arches over, which were afterwards omitted and the ungraceful flat lintel substituted. The framework surrounding the shield over the end-opening is also unpleasing in form.
We find in Stone's Account book (p. 120) that the effigy of Lord Spencer was carved by John Hargrave for £14, and that of Lady Spencer by Richard White for £15 ; whilst John Schoerman carved the achievement of arms on the south side of the canopy for £6. The sums paid to the two first-named for their work seems very small in comparison with the total cost of the work, but it may be assumed that Stone himself not only made the original models from which they were sculptured, but also finished them.
William, second Baron Spencer, K.B., was the second son of Robert, Lord Spencer, of Wormleighton. He married Lady Penelope Wriothesly, daughter of Henry, third Earl of Southampton, and died in 1636, aged 45, his widow dying in 1667. His eldest son, Henry, the third baron, was created Earl of Sunderland in 1643, which title was merged into that of the Dukedom of Marlborough in 1753.
All so in 1638 I mad a tombe for Ser Edward Cook that was lord Chef Justes and it was sett up at Tisettshaw in Norfolk for the which I had very well payed unto me the som of 400^".
1638. MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR EDWARD COKE IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, TITTLESHALL, co. NORFOLK. PLATE xxxiv (c) and (d).
This fine yet simple monument stands against the north wall of the chancel. On a black marble sarcophagus, standing on a panelled altar-tomb, lies the stately effigy of Sir Edward Coke, sculptured in statuary marble. He wears the robes of a Lord Chief Justice, a fur-edged gown and tippet, fur-lined mantle, collar of SS., ruff, and coif. Above is a shallow canopy, supported on Doric columns, and in the centre by a plain corbel. The cornice has a broken curved pediment, enclosing a shield of arms with mantling,
L 2
76 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
helmet, and a portion of the crest — a chapeau, on which should stand an ostrich holding a horseshoe in its mouth ; this bird is now missing. Seated on the pediment are four female figures, probably representing the four cardinal virtues. They are in themselves graceful in design, but seem out of place on the sloping surface. At the back of the recess are two inscription-panels with numerous shields between them. The monument is constructed of black and white marbles, both slightly veined.
Further notes with reference to this work are given in the Account book (p. 122), from which we find that John Hargrave carved the effigy for £15, and that Robert Pook executed the greater part of the masonry, and fixed the monument. He also took down the charming Elizabethan monument to Sir Edward's first wife, who died in 1598, and refixed it in another position close by.
Sir Edward Coke was the son of Robert Coke, of Mileham, co. Norfolk. He was one of the most notable men of his age, filling the following official positions :— M. P. for Norfolk, Recorder of Norwich and Coventry, Speaker of the House of Commons 1592-6, Attorney-General to Elizabeth and James I, Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas 1606, and of the King's Bench in 1613. Sir Edward was born in 1551, and received knighthood in 1603: he married, firstly, Bridget, daughter of John Paston, great-uncle of Sir Edmund Paston, of Oxnead, by whom he had six sons and two daughters, and also a dowry of £30,000; and secondly, Lady Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Cecil, first Earl of Exeter, and widow of Sir William Hatton, by whom he had two daughters. He died in September 1634, at the age of 83.
fol. 21 In 1639 I mad a tombe fur Ser Thomas Puckren and sett it up in the
Chearch at Warweck for the which Ser Daved Cyninghem my Nobell trend payed 2<x>£.
1639. MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR THOMAS PUCKERING IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, WARWICK.
PLATE xxxiv (b).
This monument resembles in many respects that erected in 1630 to Sir Thomas's brother-in-law, Sir Adam Newton, at Charlton, Kent (see p. 65), the commission in both cases having been given to Stone by his 'nobell frend ' Sir David Cuningham. It is constructed of white and black veined marbles, the pilasters being of red marble, and consists of a simple altar-tomb surmounted by a trabeated canopy supported on columns and pilasters of the Corinthian order. The pediment is curved and broken, and encloses a cartouche containing a shield bearing ten quarterings, and two helmets and crests. At the back of the recess is a large inscription-panel.
Sir Thomas Puckering, of Weston, co. Herts, was the son of Sir John Puckering, Knt., Speaker of the House of Commons, 1585-9, and Lord Keeper. Sir Thomas was created a baronet in 1612 ; he married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Morley, of Glynne, co. Sussex, and, dying without surviving issue in 1636, his estate devolved on his nephew, Sir Henry Newton, Bart., who assumed the name of Puckering. The sister of Sir Thomas married Sir Adam Newton, as has been already mentioned (p. 66).
All so in 1639 I mad a tombe for Ser Edward Peytos father and mother for the which I had well payed unto me 150^".
1639. MURAL MONUMENT TO WILLIAM PEYTO AND ELIENORA, HIS WIFE. ST. GILES'S
CHURCH, CHESTERTON, co. WARWICK. PLATE xxxiv (a).
The particulars of this monument given by Stone are so scanty that its locality was somewhat difficult to find. Dugdale, in his invaluable history of Warwickshire, describes
I'LATK XXXIV
(a) MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR WILLIAM AND LADY PEYTO IN ST. GILES'S CHURCH, CHKSTERTON, WARWICKSHIRE. 1639.
(/>) MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR THOMAS 1'UCKERINC;
IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, WARWICK. 1639.
('I MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR EDWARD COKE IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, TITTESHALI., NORFOLK. 1638.
(d) DETAIL.
PLATE XXXV
(O) MURAL MONUMENT TO DUDLEY CARLETON VIS- COUNT DORCHESTER IN WESTMINSTER AHBEY. 1640.
(b) ALTAR-TOMB TO SIR JOHN WOLSTENHOLME, THE EFFIGY OF WHICH IS NOW IN THE NEW CHURCH OF ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST, STANMORE, MIDDLESEX. 1641.
THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 77
it as being in the south aisle ; the church, however, has been partly rebuilt since his time, as there are now no aisles, and it stands at the present time at the west end of the nave. The monument, which is constructed mainly of veined white and grey marbles, consists of a shallow altar-tomb with a slab of black marble, supporting a circular-headed niche flanked by pilasters. The cornice has a straight-sided pediment, which encloses a smaller segmental one, and on the latter stands an achievement of arms, the crest, however, on the helmet being missing. In the niche are the busts of William Peyto and his wife, of statuary marble, standing on a pedestal with an inscription on it : his beard is cut square, and he wears plate armour and a broad collar, a scarf being draped round his shoulders, whilst his lady's bust is entirely draped, and she wears a goffered collar and veil. Both busts are good examples of Stone's work.
Stone makes further reference to this monument in his Account book (p. 117), in which is an agreement made with Robert Pooke in February 1637-8, to work, polish, and fix the mason's work.
William Peyto, or Peto, was the son of Humphrey Peyto. He married Elienora, daughter of Sir Walter Aston, Knt., of Tixhall, co. Stafford, by whom he had five sons and six daughters. He died in December 1609 according to the inscription on the monument, but in 1619 according to Dugdale, and his widow in Feb. 6, 1636 7.' As the monument was erected by his. third son, Edward, it is probable that his two eldest sons predeceased him.
Adjacent to the above monument of William Peyto is another to his son, Sir Edward, and his wife. In some respects it is very similar in character to that erected to his father but, omitting the two charming busts, it bears a much nearer resemblance to those erected by Stone to Sir Adam Newton (Plate xxxi («)) and his brother-in-law, Sir Thomas Puckering (Plate xxxiv (£)), and when we find that Sir Edward's wife, Elizabeth, was the daughter of the former and niece of the latter, it seems quite possible that it may be an unrecorded work of one of the Stone family, or of one of his pupils. It is a strange coincidence also that Dugdale, in his county history, gives engravings of both these monuments, and that that of Sir Edward is signed 'John Stone delin. et fecit'. The note probably refers only to the engraving, but these facts taken together give some grounds for the suggestion. Sir Edward Peyto died in September 1643, the date of his wife's death not being recorded.
In 1640 I mad a tombe for my Lord Carelton Vicontt Dorchester and sett it up at Wesmester Aby for the which I had ,£200 and a old monement that stood in the same places befor set up for his lady som 8 yeares befor.
1640. MURAL MONUMENT TO DUDLEY CARLETON, VISCOUNT DORCHESTER, IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. PLATE xxxv (a).
This monument is in the chapel of St. Paul. The materials employed are veined white and black marbles (both much discoloured by damp), and statuary marble for the effigy. On a shallow altar-tomb, raised on a stone plinth, is the effigy of Viscount Dorchester, reclining on his right side, the body being raised and resting on his right arm. He wears a viscount's robe, with tippet and mantle edged with ermine, ruff edged with lace, lace cuffs, and coronet. Above is a canopy supported on columns of the Ionic order, the cornice having a segmental broken pediment enclosing an achievement of arms. At the back of the recess is a large inscription-panel, and on the front of the altar-tomb is
1 History of Warwickshire, by Sir William Dugdalc, 1656, p. 382.
78 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
another inscription flanked by two shields bearing his arms impaled with those of his two wives.
Sir Dudley Carleton — to use the name by which Lord Dorchester is usually known— was born at Brightwell, co. Oxon, in 1573- He was the eldest son of Anthony Carleton, and was educated at Westminster and Oxford, taking his degree in 1595. He entered the diplomatic service, and was Ambassador to Venice 1610 15, to the United Provinces 1616-25, and to France in the reign of Charles I. He was knighted in 1610, created Baron Carleton in 1626, and Viscount Dorchester in 1628, in which year also he was appointed Chief Secretary of State. He married, firstly, Anne, daughter of George Gerrard, of Dorney, co. Bucks, and, secondly, Anne, widow of Viscount Bayning.1 He died in February 1631-2, at the age of 58, and his widow, in order to make room for his monument, seems to have somewhat wantonly destroyed that of his first wife.
In 1640 I set up a monement for Judg Hutton and it standeth in St Donstan within Tembell-bar London for which I had 49^".
1640. MURAL TABLET TO SIR RICHARD HUTTON IN THE CHURCH OF ST. DUNSTAN IN THE WEST, FLEET STREET. PLATE xxxvi (a).
This tablet, which was formerly in the chancel of the old church, is now placed in the western recess of the present building. It is of white marble, much discoloured, with shafts and other details of black marble. The tablet is well designed, with columns of the Ionic order, and cornice with curved, broken pediment, the ends of which are scrolled.
Sir Richard Hutton was the second son of Anthony Hutton, of Penrith. He was Recorder of York, Serjeant-at-law, 1603, and Judge of the Court of Common Pleas 1617, in which year he was knighted at York. He died. in February 1838-9, at the age of 79.
fol. 22 jn jg24 I mad a Monement for on Mr Hareson and sett it up in St. Andres
under Shaft London and had 40^".
This monument, probably a mural tablet, no longer exists in the church, and there appears to be no record of its position or character.
And in the sam Chearch I set up a fount I had for it
1611. FONT IN THE CHURCH OF ST. ANDREW UNDER SHAFT, LEADENHALL STREET, LONDON.
PLATE xxxvi (b).
This is the most graceful of the three fonts by Stone now known to exist. The bowl is of white marble and the shaft and base of black marble. It stands at the west end of the nave, enclosed within an oak balustrade ; and the oak font-cover, probably designed by Wren, harmonizes with it very successfully. In his Account book (see p. 87), Stone gives his estimate for the font, the wording of which is rather quaint. The price is there mentioned to have been
And on other font at London Wall 8/. and on at Westmenster in the new Chapell in Tutell filds io.£.
1641. FONT, NOW IN ST. MARGARET'S CHURCH, WESTMINSTER. PLATE xxxvi (c).
The font executed by Stone for All Hallows Church, London Wall, has unfortunately disappeared. The old church escaped the Great Fire, but, falling into decay, it was
1 Progresses of King J antes I, by John Nichols, 1828, vol. iii, p. 273.
PLATE XXXVI
(fl) MURAL TABLET TO SIR RICHARD BUTTON IN THE CHURCH OF ST. DUNSTAN IN TIIK WEST, FLEET STREET, LONDON. 1640.
(l>) FONT IN THE CHURCH OF ST. ANDREW UNDER SHAFT, LEADENHAI.I. STREET, LONDON. l6ll.
(c) FONT NOW IN ST. MARGARET'S CHURCH, WESTMINSTER. 1641.
(ll) FONT NOW IN THE NEW ( HURCH OF ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST, STANMORE, MIDDLESEX, at. 1632.
THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE yg
taken down and rebuilt by George Dance, the younger, in 1765, and possibly the font was then destroyed. The bowl of the present font was brought from St. Paul's Cathedral some years ago, and a new shaft for it provided by the Rector.
» The New Chapel in Tuthill Fields was erected as a chapel-of-ease to St. Margaret's between 1632 and 1642, the font being executed by Stone in 1641. On the re-erection of the building, now known as Christ Church, Broadway, in 1843, the font was apparently removed to St. Margaret's Church and placed in the crypt, but in 1903 it was rescued from oblivion by Canon Hensley Henson, the Rector, who removed the modern font then in use, and replaced it by Stone's font, standing it upon a new marble base and steps.
In his Account book Stone gives a detailed specification for the work (see p. 129), which has rendered its identification possible. The design of the font is somewhat heavy, the junction between the square-planned shaft and the circular bowl being cumbersome.
And on for Ser John Worsnom in his new Charch at Standmor for which he paid me 12^.
c. 1632. FONT NOW IN THE NEW CHURCH OF ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST, STANMORE,
MIDDLESEX. PLATE xxxvi (d).
The font, the date of which is not given by Stone, though probably 1632, stands at the west end of the north aisle of the modern church. Both the bowl and shaft are octagonal on plan, the former being of white and the latter of black marble. On the bowl are four small escutcheons. The design is simple and graceful in contour.
And on porch than of portland stone for the which I had 30^".
c. 1631. ENTRANCE DOORWAY TO THE CHURCH OF -ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST, STANMORE, co. MIDDLESEX.
The present church at Stanmore is the third which has been built in the village, each of them on a different site. The earliest church, dating from the eleventh century, was considered in the seventeenth century to be in too remote a situation, and a new church was consequently erected on a new site at the expense of Sir John Wolstenholme, which was consecrated by Laud, the Bishop of London, in 1632. It is a brick structure with a tower at the west end, on the south side of which is a Portland stone doorway, and this is evidently the work executed by Stone, there being no sign of what is generally known as a porch having been attached to the church, and indeed the cost — £30 — prohibits the idea of it. In 1849 another, and larger church was erected in the church- yard, eastward of Wolstenholme's church, which was dismantled and is now a roofless ruin, picturesque on account of the ivy which has overgrown it; and the font made by Stone and various monuments were refixed in the new building.
And in 1641 on monement for Ser John Worsnom sett up in his new Chearch at Stanmor for the wch I had 2oo£.
1641. ALTAR-TOMB TO SIR JOHN WOLSTENHOLME, THE EFFIGY OF WHICH is NOW IN THE NEW CHURCH OF ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST, STANMORE, co. MIDDLESEX.
PLATE xxxv (b).
Sir John Wolstenholme, as we have just seen, erected at his own expense the new brick church at Stanmore, and in it was placed after his death his monument on the north side of the chancel. Lysons, in his Environs of London, describes it thus : ' The inscrip- tion is on a large slab of black marble supported by four pillars, under which lies the
So THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
effigies of the deceased on a mattress.' The monument remained in the church until 1881, when the effigy and inscription were removed to the new church and placed in a Gothic niche at the east end of the north aisle. The design, omitting the effigy, may have been somewhat similar to that adopted by Stone for the monument to Grisold, Countess of Cumberland^ ten years earlier. The effigy of Sir John, the last that Stone is recorded to have sculptured, is a very fine one, full of dignity, and suggests no falling off in skill ; and is, moreover, a portrait, as is proved by its resemblance to a mask taken of the face when the coffin was opened in 1860. He is represented wearing a doublet, an official gown witli braided sleeves, ruff, and shoes.
Sir John Wolstenholme was descended from an old Derbyshire family, being born in 1562. He was a successful city merchant, and in 1600, in conjunction with Sir Abraham Dawes, became one of the incorporators of the East India Company; he also fitted out one of the Arctic expeditions under Captain Hudson, Cape Wolstenholme and other places being named after him. He was knighted in 1617, and died in November 1639. He married Catherine Fanshawe, by whom he had two sons and two daughters. In 3629 Sir John purchased the Nostell estate in Yorkshire, and it will be seen later that Stone executed and fixed several chimney-pieces there for his son and heir, Sir John Wolstenholme, Bart.
And 1640. on. letell monement for Mr. Samson at St Benets Poles wrof London for the wch. I had zo£.
This monument, probably a tablet, set up in the church of St. Benet's, Paul's Wharf, no longer exists, and it was doubtless destroyed in the Great Fire. A Mr. John Sampson was buried in St. Benet's Church on June 17, 1639.
This finishes the list of monuments and other works summarized by Nicholas Stone in the Note-book ; but, as before explained, the list is not a complete one, several further works executed by him being referred to in his Account book which were evidently forgotten by him when making the list. On the three pages following his youngest son, John, carries on the summary by writing a list of his own works, executed between 1650 and 1657. This list is not introduced here, but is dealt with later in the volume (p. 1385(7.). It is followed by thirty blank leaves, and then by nine leaves on which are written by Nicholas Stone a brief diary of events occurring between November 1640 and October 1642. The remainder of the book, some fifty-five leaves, is also blank, excepting that Vertue has written on six leaves an imperfect list of the works referred to in the other volume (Stone's Account book), and Stoakes has made unreliable calculations of the total cost of the works executed by father and son.
Here follows the above-mentioned diary, which is interesting, not only on account of its quaint phraseology, but also from the fact that it narrates events occurring at the critical period of the commencement of the Civil War, and that it appears to have been written at the time, if not actually from day to day. The MS. is in places very difficult to decipher.
The 3 of November 1640 the Parlowmcnt begane.
The ii of February 1640 I fel seek of a fever and kept my chamber 12 weeks.
THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 81
And in Aprell 1641 the prencs of Nassoyr was mared unto the lady Prences Mary.1
and the 12 of May 1641 my lord of Straford was beheaded ; and my lord of Canterbury thine being commited to the Tower, and my Lord Keeper Ser John Finch rone away, and Ser Frances Wendebank ; and in June folowing Mr Hary Jarman M. of the Hors to the Quenes M. and Mr Henry Persey brother to my lord of North thomberland and Ser John Sucling and others fled in to Francs.
and the 4 of May was a protest stacion mad by Both the Howes of Parlo- ment and taken in all Cherches in London and Concequntly [subsequently?] all England for the aboleshen of Poprey and mantayning of the true religion hear estableshed amonst us.
The 28 of June 1641 my lord of Holand being Lord generall of the Army was sent by the King and Parloment done in to the North to disband 5 rege- ments of the Armey.
The 21 of June 1641 Mr Balwing Controler of his M. workes died and was bured at Barcamsted Midsomerday.2
The 3 of July 1641 Doctor Basketfild died and was bured in St Palles the 6 of the same.2
And the same day Mr Kerke was droned at London Bredge.
17 of July 1641 thar was a falling out in the Parloment Hows betwyn the Lord Phillip Harbertt Lord Chamberlayn Earell of Pembrok and Mongomry, and Lord Henery Howard Lord Mobery [Mowbray] Eldest sone to my Lord of Arendell and on the 19 the war both commeted to Tower.
The 23 the both war at lebertt frome the Tower But confined to thar howes ; but the whitt stafe was sent for by his Magtie. out of the Tower and geven unto my Lord of Esex and so confermed Lord Chamberlen.
The 16 of July 1641 I had a triall att Gield hall London Befor my lord Chef Justes of the Comon Pees Lord Bankes ; betwyn Wattes the Admensterator of Mrs Van de Stane for 2,oo£ that shee oedd me and I had a vardett agenst thim of 211 jC and 4 marks cost.3
' Mary, eldest daughter of Charles I, was born in 1631 ; the ceremony referred to here there- fore was only the betrothal, her actual marriage to William of Nassau taking place in 1649 ; the only issue of the marriage was William, Prince of Orange, a posthumous son born in the following year, who afterward became William III of England.
J Stone executed memoral tablets to Thomas Baldwin and Sir Simon Baskerville in 1642. See
P- 135-
:' Mrs. Van de Stene, an agent through whom Stone obtained black marble from Holland See p. 104.
VII, M
82 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
The 10 of August 1641 the Kings Ma", went for Scotland being Tusday and intended to be thar the Saterday following ; and the Queen mother went from hencs the 12 beng Thursday and my Lord of Arendell and his lady went with har.
Thursday the 12 of August 1641 Ser John Suklen Mr Hanrey Garinan [Jermyn] Mr. Henry Persey being fled in to Francs ; war voted in the Hows of Comans of Hie treson.
This 25 of November 1641 his Mat;. Returned from Scotland and was Entertayened by the Cetyzons & fested at Gild Hall the maner was this ; the Qenns Mti. cam from Otlands whar shee had layen all the tim of his Mts. absencs ; and on Tusday shee cam to Som*. Hous ; and Wensday to Theoballs whar his Mafi. came that Night and on Thursday a tent being set up in the fildes by Kingsland beyond Hoydon [Hoxton ?] the greett lordes and ofisers of the Kingdom with the lord mare and Aldermen of London war thar atendd. his Mats. coming wich was betwyn n and 12 of the clok whar his Ma11, coming Knight the Lo. mare and Recorder and Restored to the cetizons by his pro- maices Londondery in Ireland; then all the companys in order rood on befor all cloed in velvett and plesh [plush] with gold chenes and very well horsed and whin the war monted on thar horses the lord mare had a letell mase in his hand as it semes the costom is whin he rideth befor the King com-mand was geven by Sir. Harry St. Gorge King at Armes that my lord mare should deliver over the mase to som other and bare up the City sord and then the Erall mausell caled with a lowed voces my lord mare it plaseth the King for a pertuklor Hnor. thatt you bar up your sord for this day the which he did for after the King and Queen and Prencs., Prencs Mary Duk of York and Prencs Electtor had banfested all the cetizons atended thin to Whitt Hall and the mare bore up the sourd to Whitt Hall and with thousants of torches as the cam retornes about 6 and 7 of clok and all the City and Subbarbs flared with bonfiers and win was dronk about.
The week following the mare and Aldermen went to Hamton Courtt to deliver a petesheon and war Knighted all that went to the number of 7 of the aldermen and command was geven by his Mat;. to my lord of Dorsett to fest thim and mak thim walcom.
The 3 of Jeneary 1641 by his Matis. command to the atorney Genearll to inditt in the hows of lords thes 6 parsons of hie Treson thas was my lord Caboltone [Kimbolton] Mr Holies Mr Pime Mr Hamden Mr Strood and Ser After Hasell- rige and sergent Frances was sent to the Lower Hows to demand the 5 but the hows of Comans wold not deliver thim and Tusday the 24 his Mfi. went himself in parson to the lower Hows and demanded the forsayed men and satt in the Spekers chare but the war nott in the Hows ; and the next day his Mat;. roud in
THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 83
to London and went to Gildhall and demanded thes for sayed men thar but fond thim not, and went and dined at Shreve Carets' and thin a comely of the lower Hows went and satte at gild Hall to treet of parlorment bisnes thar. in mor safty being thar was som fears as was pretended amonest sum of thim ; Bcasc thar was a courtt of gard mad at Whitt hall by his Mals. appoyntment which was parformcd in 2 d . . ed and . . . ed new years even whill it was in citing som rued multetud of Cetezones and prenteses cam in tumultes maner to the parlement Hows with lowe out cries saing no Bishepts no papes lords to have foot in parloment, when the returned from Westmester at Whitt Hall was a gard of the trened band of St Martens to gard the Kinges Hows; and let the multetued pacs pecesably throught the gard ; the being facius pepell out of Cety and Suburbes being armed with sordes and som with pistoles and all with tron- chens and staves agenst Whitt Hall mad a stand and cried no besheptes no papes lordes, divers gentellmen beholding thim som of the rout geve som gentellman clle words and as it was sayed drue his sord wharwith assout was geven and all gentellmen that war walken in Whitt Hall dru and fell on the loed multetued at lest 100 or 150 drau sordes and so sleshed them that hapep was he cold gett out of thar way and drove all the rout befor thim as far as chering Cros many sor wonded and hurtt no man slen, I saw it all and mad as much hast from the Courtt of gard of [thatt thin was in bilding] to be out of harmes waye and
goot in to the ofes at Scotland and out of the window saw it all ; for fear of this tumult the Bishopts war afared to com to the Hows and after the had stayed awaye som 3 or 4 dayes the sent a protestacion to the Howes of Lordes that all lawes that war mad or to be mad with out thar voots war Noll and of non Efect subscribed with 12 of thar handss and the next day for this prosumsion of thares the war commetes 10 to the Tower and 2 att the blak rood. Butt to retorn whar I left his magestey the n of Jeneary 1641 descarged the cortt of gard that war att Whitt hall and very godantly rood to Hamton Courtt with the Queen the prencs, Duk of York and Lady prences Mary the Duke of Gloster and Lady prences Elizabeth remened at Sent James being Mondy, and Tusday following was the day that the parlowment cam from London to Westmester, for thar had ben 3 or 4 dayes of Reces : The came garded with 8 Compeneys of the Trened bandes very complayett armd all the Temes was garded with barges that the marenars under took being monted with small ordenants to the nomber of 100 att lest and thousants of pepell cam out of London and all partes and the same day com out of the Conty of Bukingham 3000 of the best and ablest men to give or show thar true harttes to Mr Hamden whow was knight of thar shear vowing thar lives and estates to mentayn and vendcatt his truth and liolty to his king and Contry ; the mad a petecion to both Howes and had
' George Garret, Sheriff in 1641. M 2
84 THE NOTE-BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
a very curtes refrencs whar with the war well satsfied lor that tim: and the nex day thar cam 2 compeneys out of London and betwen thim the 5 genttellmen rood in 2 coches to weet Mr Holies Mr Pirn Mr Strood Mr Hamden Sr Afer Hasellrige unto the parloment and the next day agene.
This 9 of Sept. 1642 my Lord of Esex went from London in the afternon set forward towards North hamton as Lord Genearall of the parloment fosses.
And the 23 of October 1642 bing Sonday a batell was fought by his Matj. and the Earell of Esex at Kenton [Kineton] in Warekshear.
And 7 of October l my lord of Esex cam to London and rood to the parlo- ment Hows garded with 8 Troops of Horse The 12 of this moneth the skermish was fofet at Branford [Brentford] on Sonday his Matf. departed from thincs and tok in Kinson up on Teames.
1 The MS. says 'October', but it was on the 7th of November that Essex came to London and rode to Westminster. [Eo.]
ACCOUNT BOOK
Heading OF WoRKES DONE &C.
bvG.
Vertuc. BY
NICHOLAS STONE SENR. MASTER MASON To K JAMES I & KING CHARLES
fol. i The 18 of July 1631 Agreed with the Right Wor11. Doctor
Doctor Monford and Doctor King Excetors of the Will and testement of Doctor Done for on monement of whit and Blak marbell for and in memorell of Doctor Done for the wich I am to have on hundred and twnty ponds and I receved in part thar of in plat the som of fifty sixe pond 8 shillens and 6d. the scvrall paresells and £ s d thar waught followeth the pries was 55 id the ouns 56 8 6
On Bason and uere 79 onces *
There dishes way ing 49 onces \
A gelte Covred Boll 31 onces f
A par of sellver Candellsteks 42 onces
On Covred Foot or Flagcn 19 onces £
Soma 222 onces
Reference lo this work has already been made on p. 64.
fol. 2 Agreed with the Right Wor11. Ser Dudly Diges of Chellem
Ser Dudly [n Kent Knight this 25th of August 1631 for to make and sett up i monement in a new Chapell now to be Bulte by him and that I have geven order and derickins to the workmen : the Chapell is to be 15 foot within the walles the hight to be 16 foot to the spring of the roufe and the roufe to be on half rond : the monement to be a piller of blak and whit marbell with an orne on the tope thar of and at the baces on the petestall to set 4 Status of the vertues for the which he is to paye the som of 150^ and the Chapell is to be paved with whit and blak marbell i foot squar for the which I am to have 25 6d the foot.
23 Decmb Receved in pres of this work the som of fifty pond 50 o the 16 of May receved mor in pres of Ser Dudly Digges 20 o
this 12 of October Receved in full 80 o
150 o
86
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
Mr
Gardner
Mr Gardner
fol. 3
1631-2. DETACHED PILLAR MONUMENT TO MARY, LADY DIGGES, IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, CHILHAM, co. KENT. PLATE xxxvn (a).
The monument, which is in a chapel on the north side of the chancel, is very unusual in design, its motive probably originating with Stone's client. The chief feature is the large column of the Ionic order standing on a high pedestal, grouped round it at the angles being seated figures, nearly life-size and also on pedestals, representing the four cardinal virtues ; on the top of the capital is an urn, and on the shaft four cartouches with emblazoned arms. The pedestals, base of column, and figures are of alabaster, the shaft of the column of veined black marble, the capital, urn, and cartouches of white, and the panels of black marble. The monument stood originally in a chapel,1 especially built for it by Sir Dudley Digges, the erection of which Stone apparently superintended, the floor being paved by him with black and white marble squares ; the chapel has, however, been rebuilt, and only a small portion of the paving now remains.
Sir Dudley Digges, of Chilham Castle, was born in 1583. He was knighted in 1607, and in 1618 was sent on an embassy to the Czar, and in 1620 to Holland, and in 1636 he succeeded Sir Julius Caesar as Master of the Rolls. He married Mary, daughter of Sir Thomas Kempe, of Ollantigh, in Wye, Kent, by whom he had eleven children, and, dying in child-birth, presumably in 1631, this column was erected to her memory by her husband. Sir Dudley died on March i, 1638-9.
This 3 of September 1631 Receved of Mr Henry Gardner 3 Blak marbell grave stones 2 of thime 6 foot -| long and 3 foot 3 inches brod and the other 3 foot and 6 foot I am to saw thim and the shelles I am to have for the sawing of thim and IDS a stone for Robing of thim and ^£ a stone for the braes and incriptions £ s which maks in all the som of 13 10
This 19 of May 1632 agreed to mak the monement of his father and mother 5 foot -2 hight and 4 brood for the som of 36^" 36 o grave stones 65 foot f at 53 the foot j.6£ 8s gA
The absence of sufficient information in both these cases renders it impossible to identify either the individuality of the persons or the churches in which their monuments were placed.
23 of September 1631 Agreed with Mr Jones Serveer of his
Mr Server jyjtg Workes for i CheiTine pecs of whit marbell according to derec- tions by him geven to be set up at Somerset! Hows in the Quenes Mts. bed chamber for the which I am to have the som of 40^ and receved of Mr Weeks in pres io£ this 14 of October 1631 : the £ whit marbell provyed by me 4°
1 I am indebted to Mr. Bolton for the following quotation from MSS. Records of Chilham, compiled by T. Heron, of Chilham Castle, 1791 : 'on the South side of the chancel and East side of the Transept is the Chapel and Burial vault under it built by Sir Dudley Digges which he pro- vided for the future repairs of by his will. It corresponds with the style of the Church, except that the windows are of the Venetian fashion and those of the Church pretty much of the Gothic order. The Church is built of flint and plastered over and the chapel is of brick stuccoed. It is 15 feet square within and 18 feet high to the corner of the ceiling. The ceiling is groined ; and rises from the top of quarter columns (which have no capitals) in the angle, whose necks are ornamented with
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ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 87
1631 6. VARIOUS WORKS EXECUTED AT SOMERSET HOUSE FOR QUEEN HENRIETTA MARIA, INCLUDING A CHIMNEY-PIECE, MARBLE PAVING AND STEPS IN THE CHAPEL, AND WORKS TO THE FOUNTAIN.
This is the first mention of work done at Somerset House, and also the only occasion when Stone mentions Inigo Jones by name, calling him ' Mr. Jones Serveer of his M. workes'. It will be seen that the work was carried out from instructions given to him by Inigo Jones, and not from his own design, and this point is worth notice, as it is only with regard to works at the King's palaces that Stone mentions receiving any instructions from the Surveyor or from any one else, which suggests that in his private work he was himself responsible for the design of works executed by him, especially as on two occasions he is careful to point out that he collaborated with some one else. There is another entry relating to this chimney-piece, dated April 9, 1632 (see p. 88), from which it would appear that Jones's first design for it, the estimate for which was £40, was after- wards amplified, its total cost eventually being £80.
Later on Stone mentions the execution of other work at the palace, namely, black and white marble paving in the Queen's Chapel l in 1634 and 1635 (pp. 99 and 100), black marble steps also in the chapel in 1635 (p. 103), black marble steps to the fountain in the gardens in the same year (p. 104), and other work to it in 1636 (p. 105). Stoakes also mentions the water-gate and stairs to have been his work, Stone having carved the figure of Nilus and his brother-in-law, Andreas Kearne, the opposite figure. All these works have been destroyed, unless the chimney-piece is now in some other house.
MrPagett This gth of November 1631 Areed with Mr Pagett of the
Spicrey for to paye for ties [tithes] of the 2 parcelles of grond that I hold of Ser Willm Slengsby in long Aker from the day of the date hear of 55 a year and payed him for all areares past be for att this tim and all the carges and entred it in this bok and Mr Gelbert Creuner his hand is thar unto for wettnes 55 year
Mr Jons This 12 of November 1631 agreed with Mr Jones Chearch
warden of St Andrew Under Shaft in London in presencs of Mr Godfray and som 2 mor of the anchents of thar vestry to mak for thar Charch on font the boll to be of whit marbell 20 Inches deameter and to stand on a piller of Blak marbell farly wrolt and £ s poleshed and set up for the pries of 16 o
to be done as son as may be This note is referred to on p. 78.
Mr Warn November 1631 Delivred for Mr Warners ues i son diall gelt
i piller of portland ston with i stept of Kentes ston for the pris of 6£ and i stept of Kentes paces 5 foot squar at i8d the foot i/ los. £ s
soma 7 10 This sundial has not been traced.
leaves. The angles or intersection of the arches rising to the crown of the ceiling, have borders and leaves ; and the centre is finished with a rose-like flower and depending acorn. There is a simple and modest neatness in the execution of this chapel.' [En.]
1 The foundation stone of the chapel, which was designed by Inigo Jones, was laid by the Queen on September 24, 1632, and the building completed in 1636.
88 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
fol. 2 b i This 9th of Aprell 1632 Agreed with the ofeser of his magesstes
works for to mak the pillastors and corness of the chemne pecs of the Queens beed Chamber with a hath paces he have promised £ 4o,£ and I stand on 50^" 40 o
Receved on this Chimne pecs being in 2 Borgens 40^ apeecs I saye Receved in pres 20 o
Rest due in July or August 1633 60 o
October 1632 Agreed with Mr Frances Finch Esquyer for sq£ agreed for the tombe of Ser Hanegs Finch Mr Recorder of London and receved io£ in pres Rest due to me the tombe bing £ sett up and finished 40
1632. MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR HENEAGE FINCH IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, EASTWELI., co. KENT. PLATE xxxvn (b).
This monument, which was not located without difficulty, as the family burial-place is at Ravenstone, co. Bucks., stands in the south chancel aisle. It is a simple one of black and white marbles, and consists of an inscription-tablet flanked by plain pilasters with base and cornice, on the latter standing the half-length effigy of Sir Heneage. He wears a gown and tippet, a broad ruff, and a coif. Higher up on the wall against which the monument stands are two cartouches with coats of arms, so characteristic of Stone's work, blazoned in colours.
Sir Heneage Finch was born in 1589, being the fourth son of Sir Moyle Finch, Bart., and Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Heneage. He was Recorder of London, and Speaker in the first Parliament of Charles I, 1626-8. He received knighthood in 1623, and died in December 1631, at the age of 50. He married, firstly, Frances, daughter of Sir Edmund Bell, of Beaupre Hall, Norfolk, by whom he had seven sons and four daughters ; and, secondly, Elizabeth, daughter of William Craddock, of Staffordshire, by whom he had two daughters. His more celebrated eldest son, Heneage, Lord Keeper and Lord High Chancellor, was created Earl of Nottingham in 1689, and his mother Viscountess Maidstone in 1623.
fol. 4 14 December 1631 Delivred by Mr. Phillpots dericken i blak
marbell grave ston 5 foot 8 inches long and 2 foot 4 inches brood with i Armes and an incripton cut in it, the prices at 5^ a mat £ s and cord at 2s 6d the carege to porters caye at 2s 6d soma is 05 05
This gravestone has not been traced.
October 1631 for Mr. Fleston i piller for a diall set up at my lord Tresurers at Rowhamton for the prices of 04 10
The Lord Treasurer in 1631 was Richard Weston, Lord Weston. Born in 1577, he served the offices of Ambassador to Bohemia and Brussels, and in 1628 he was appointed Lord Treasurer, an office which he held until his death in March 1634-5. He was created Baron Weston in 1628, and Earl of Portland in 1633.
1 This is written on the reverse of fol. 2. The Account book seems to have been generally written in the first place only on one side of the paper, but additional entries were made on the reverse of the preceding page. In his transcript Mr. Spiers seems to have endeavoured to arrange these additional entries as far as possible in their chronological order. [£D.]
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 89
He married, firstly, Elizabeth, daughter of William Pinchon, of Writtle, co. Essex ; and, secondly, Nancy, daughter of Nicholas Wargrave. His son Jerome, the second earl, sold the house at Roehampton to Sir Thomas Dawes in J64O.1
6th December 1631 for Mr Paston 12 Empores heades bronsed at i6s the head 8s the head and 8 for bronsing the chest and £ s careg to Bishopts gat 55 09 1 7
8 of May 1632 sent to Mr paston 4 peces of pay n ten at 405 the pecs and on 8 squar of $£ the chest and caregs 6s on box with 6 marbell sallts 1/2 12 8
the remener of the old bill is the som of 13 16
som 36 i These entries have been already referred to on p. 68.
This 30 of July 1632 Receved of Mr Winsour in pres of his wifes tomb 4 15
This monument has not been traced.
Dec: 27 1631 Agreed with Antony Goor for to carve in whit marbell the 4 corner stons for the Tombe of the Right Hon. Lady Contes of Bucingham with such festons scugings and Armes as ar described on a bord wharon the sayed tombe is all ridy drane for the which he is to have, the work bing so well done as he can do, the som of 8/' IDS and is to be performed within 16 weeks in witnes whar of we have set our hands
Anthony Goore Nic: Stone
Testes £ s
Tho: Gilbert, Ar. Richard White 8 10
This note has already been referred to on p. 60.
This ii of Jeneary 1631 Agreed with Robert Pook for to work the masentray of allabaster and glase the pillers allredy wrost and Rob squar and glas all the tabells of blak marbell and to set it up in York shear acording to the plott dran and sibscribed by my lord Falkenbridgs by or be for the last of July 1632 for the which he is to have the som of 17^ and if my lord doth deall well
with me I promis to mak it 18^. by me
Nic. Stone R P
This 3 of December mad an even acount and he remenes 2/ 175 in my debt and I allow him 18^
1 History of Surrey. By Rev. Owen Manning, 1814, vol. iii, p. 289. VII. N
90 . ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
1632. MURAL MONUMENT TO THOMAS, VISCOUNT FAUCONBERG, AND BARBARA, VISCOUNTESS FAUCONBERG, IN ST. MICHAEL'S CHURCH, COXWOLD, co. YORKS.
PLATES xxxvin (a) and (c).
There are two entries respecting this monument in the Account book, but they both refer to sub-contracts, this one with Robert Pooke, and the other with Mr. Babbe, p. 91, probably for cutting the inscriptions. Stone, however, omitted to mention it in the list of his works in the Note-book, and we have no knowledge, therefore, of what he charged for it. The monument, which stands against the south wall of the chancel, is constructed of alabaster and black marble. It consists of a simple altar-tomb raised upon a stone basement, and supporting a canopy with trabeated entablature carried on two Corinthian columns and an intermediate corbel. The cornice has a straight-sided pediment, and above it is a second pediment curved and broken, and enclosing an achievement of arms. Under the canopy are the effigies of Lord and Lady Fauconberg, both kneeling and facing the east. He wears a gown, fur-lined mantle, ruff, and gauntlets ; and his lady a bodice with slashed sleeves tied at elbows, gown, ruff, and long veil.
Thomas, first Viscount Fauconberg, was the only son of Sir Henry Belasyse, Bart., whose monument in York Minster has already been referred to (see p. 42). He was created Baron Fauconberg of Yarm/co. York, in 1627, and Viscount Fauconberg in 1643. He married Barbara, daughter of Sir Henry Cholmondely, Bart., by whom he had two sons and five daughters. She died in 1618 and he in 1652, the monument being erected to their joint memories during his lifetime.
fol. 46 Agreed this 27 of Febuary 1631 with Humphry Mayer for the
fineshen of Doctor doons pictor for the which he is to hav 8 poond £
and I have geven him 2^ in precs this day and he is to have 6£ mor 08 o o
Col. 5b 14 of May 1632 Agreed with Robert Flower for the nech
[niche] of Doctor done and the under stone and the tabell the
3 stones for the nech 5^ and the under ston and tabell 205 together
coins to 06 o o
and this 17 of May I have payed him 5^ in pre of his 2 bargens 05 o o
These three notes refer to sub-contract work on the monument to Dr. Donne, described on p. 64. The term ' pictor ' evidently refers to the effigy.
fol. 6 This 6 of Febuary 1631 Agreed with Robert Flower for to
Roube pollesh and glas the greet piller for Ser Dudly Diggs and the capetall of the petestall and the Stepts for my Lady Bucking- hams monement with the 4 Ayns of Bacs of whit marbell and thar plents of blak the moldings of blak marbell that incloseth the tabelles and the 2 tabells with the stopen of the inscriptings and
4 peces of baces molding 2 of blak and 2 of whit, the liger [like ?] for the sam work and the 20 tabells for Ser Dudly Digges all which work is to be farly done at or be for Sent Jhon Baptest next and to finesh that first that is first called for, and to do it at his owne cost and charges and I am ondly to pay him for it so farly don the som of twnty pond and to paye it as his work goes forward
PLATE XXXVIII
(a) KFFIGIES OF LORD AND LADY FAUCON- BERG.
(b) MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR FRANCIS AND LADY BARNHAM IN ST. PETER's CHURCH, BOUGHTON MONCHELSEA, KENT. 1634.
(c) MURAL MONUMENT TO VISCOUNT FAUCONBERG AND BARBARA VISCOUNTESS FAUCONBERG, IN
ST. MICHAEL'S CHURCH, COXWOLD, YORKS. 1632.
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 91
and the remener which be unpayed whin the work shall be finshed and farly clered'of in wetnes whar of wee have set our hands the £ day above sayd 20
by me Nic: Stone
R F
wittnes Richard White Nic: Stone Junior
His desier is to have 6/' att Ester and the Remener whin it shal be finshed
Payed unto Robert Flower the 30 of March 1632 acording to this agrement 6/00 and is 8d for i lood of sand
These notes relate to sub-contract work on the monuments to Lady Digges at Chilham and Sir George Villiers at Westminster.
foh 7 The 17 of March 1631 Agreed with Hary Akers for the armes
of my lady Buckingham for the som of 4^ o o and payed at this £, s d 19 of May 1632 the som of $£ 8s 04 oo oo
This 19 of May 1632 Agreed with Antony Goor to mak the armes of Ser Gorges Vellears Knight with 3 hellmets and 3 crestes for 4£ o. in whit marbell 2 foot \ brood and 3 foot hie 04 oo oo
18 of Febuarey 1632 Agreed with Mr Spadman mason Brother to Mr Thomas Spadman Cook to my lord of Danbeght and by his mens and word that his brother shall sarve and deliver unto me by or befor whitsontid 20 tones of Keten ston ' at i4d the foot delivred at any caye be low the bridge whar I shall apoynt and in precs he hath receved z£ 45 and 125 in areas wetnes Mr Spad- man Mr Heroun Bricklayer And Garbert Klellen
fol. 6b This 30 of November 1632 payed unto Mr Babbe for blaking
the leters of 2 tabells for Sir Dudly Diggs oo 03 o
and for paynting and gillden of 2 stone dialls that Thomas Richmon mad oo 13 4 and for Doctor Dones tabell of incription and blaking the wall oo 10 o for i ston for Ser Edmond Backon oo 07 o whiting over of 2 statues oo 06 o for Sir Dudly Digges monement 05 oo o and for my lord Faclkenbridge his monement set up at Cuck- old in York-shear 07 oo o
som 13 19 4
This is an account with Mr. Babbe for various works done by him ; his name does not appear elsewhere.
1 Ketton stone, Rutland. N 2
92 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
fol. 8 25 of May 1632 payed unto Gabrell Staces in precs of Oxford
work fifty ponds and at on payement bfor he receved fifty ponds and at sevrall tims Due the quary man had of me Nic: Stone thorty on ponds and Mr Waterall T.O£ and to him selfe 2i/ 125 the which he standeth charged to mak an acount for being in all the som of 162^ i2s wettnes his hand the daye above wreten 162 12 o
We desagree on this acount $£ the which I am to aprove how it was payed : all the other is alloued
by me Gabriall Staces
27 of June 1632 sent unto Gabrell Staces by John Bartholmue at the Wheet Sheaf in Friday Street the som of 2.o£ 20 oo o
July 1632 payed unto Gabrell Stacesey at Oxford for the which I have his aqutance the som of 30^" 30 oo o
1632 August the i payed for Gabrells lies T.O£ to Mr. Willson and io,£ nror to Mr Ham ton in all 2o/ 20 oo o
14 August payed Gabrells wyef 1632 01 oo o
6 October 1633 Cosen Gabrell had of me 20 oo o
payed in London December 1633 12 oo o
fol. ?b Payed William Hunt and sent Gabrell his aqutancs the 27 of
August 1632 05 oo o
The 6 of September 1632 payed John Thome for John Bartlo- mew and sent Gabrell Staces the aquataincs 15 oo o
September 28 1632 payed at Oxford to my Cosen Gabrell Staces in precs of his work 20 oo o
November 1632 Gabrell Staces Receved of Doctor Felles 30 oo o
and 39 oo o
and the 8 of Jeneary 1632 mor to my Cosen Gabrell 03 oo o
The 3 of March 1632 payed to Cosen Gabrell Staces at Corn- bury 50 oo o
and the 19 of March 1632 to my Cosen Ane Staces by har husbans apoyntment 02 oo o
25 May Cosen An Staces 1633 01 oo o
27 May Thomas Richardson by his apoyntmt 05 oo o
acknoledeg by a leter from Cosen Gabrell Staces that he receved from my lady Stonhows 30 oo o
and sent him upon that leter 16 whit marbell stones and 10 blak of i foot squar 03 18 o
27 of Jun 1633 payed at Oxford to Cosen Gabrell Staces in pres of the gats 45 oo o
22 of Augt mor deliverd to Gabrell Stacs 10 01 o
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 93
These items refer to payments made in connexion with work at Oxford and in the neighbourhood already mentioned or. p. 71.
The ' Dr. Felles ' mentioned above was probably Dr. Samuel Fell, Canon of Christ Church, and father of Dr. John Fell, Dean of Christ Church, and Bishop of Oxford.
foi. 9 Receved a leter dated the 26 of June 1632 from my Brother
Peter de Kiser with the sevrall scantlens of stones that he had shepted for me the which I receved acordingly, and the prices with all carges the fraught ondly exped was 448 gillders and this 3 of December 1632 sent to him by Sheeper Garett Mold 176 Rix Dolders at 50 stivers the peces comes to the som of 440 gilders the which I acout in full satesfacion this 3 of Decem: 1632
The 3th of December 1632 sent to Brother Peter de Keser i peces of perpetuana cost 2/ ics and allso i barell of pepens cost ijC 3S
Sent allso at the sam tim on Brother Tomas de Keser 3 par of Boddes cost i£ i6s: sent in September befor 2 pare of stokens for brother Thomas and 2 par for his wyf 6 pare of yellow stokens for Children cost together -z£ 45 and allso 2 Cony well hates 6s and i pare of Boodes 95 i terepoton 8s and sent him for a gretuety i monmoth capt and on par of selk stokens and sent to Mrs Martens on dosen pare of gloves 175 and on par of Bodes 95 and geven Simon Home and Hary Ston ech a monmoth capt
Sent to Peter Brother de Keser this 21 of Agust 1634 4 Blokes of Alabaster contayning 76 foot
fol. 8b 26 of Jeneary 1632 payed unto Mr Allworth marchent for
my brother Peter de Caser upon his bill of excanges 49^" i8s 3d in gill, full of 448 gillders 2 stivers 448 2
15 of March 1632 payed unto Mr Frances Jesop for the ues of my Brother Peter de Keser upon his bill of excanges i&£ os sd in full of 200 gelders duch mony 200 o
The 3 of December 1632 sent by Garett Mold as standeth specified on the other sid 440 o
The 4 of May 1634 Paid to Jacob Hendrukson sciper of Amsterdam for frait of a thousand blacke marble paving stones the some of s£ IDS and 53 for prime money wch comes to the £ s d some of 5 15 o
[This last paragraph is in the handwriting of Nicholas Stone, Jun.]
Jeneary 6 1634 payed to Sinow Hannons for brother Thomas de Kiser the som of •$£ starlene and this 17 of Febuary sent in a leter to him his aquatancs 300
94 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
These items refer to the receipt of stone and marble shipped from Amsterdam by Stone's brothers-in-law, Peter and Thomas de Keyser, and to the dispatch of alabaster to them ; two items, however, are of a more domestic character. One paragraph has been noted as having been written by Nic. Stone, Jun. ; from this time many entries are made in the book by him and his brother John, and these, as well as any which are written by other persons, are indicated hereinafter by the name only, in brackets.
fol. gb This 28 of Jeneary 1632 sold to Docktor Monford on Blak
marbell stone of 8 foot * long and 4 foot brood for i2/, so it cost me, his wort*, is to paye for the bring howm and all workmanshept £ s d for the which I demand 14.^ 14 o o
and for graving the leters and arems and my man to go don and laye it 01 o o
Som 15
This Dr. Monford was probably one of Dr. Donne's executors whose name has already been mentioned in connexion with the erection of his monument in St. Paul's Cathedral (p. 63). The locality of the gravestone, and the person for whom it was intended, are not known.
The i9th of Jeneary 1633 Receved of Mr Pearcs Screvenor by the apoyntment of the Right Wor11. Ser Frances Barnom Knight 40^ and is in pres of 95^ for one tomb that I am to mak for him as his owen hand can wettnes on the Back sid of the plat so thar remeneth att the fineshen to be payed 55^ o o 95 o o
Receved mor in pres at Cresmas 1634 2,o£ so now remenes at the fineshen 35^
mor receved sencs zo£ so thar remeneth to be receved at fineshing 15^
1634. MURAL MONUMENT TO SIR FRANCIS AND LADY BARNHAM IN ST. PETER'S CHURCH,
BOUGHTON MONCHELSEA, CO. KENT. PLATE XXXVIII (i>).
This is another monument which it was difficult to locate for want of explicit information on Stone's part, and as now seen it is apparently very different in appearance to his original design. Parsons, in 1794, described it thus : l ' On the opposite side of the aisle to R. Rudstone's monument is a very heavy monument with two excellent busts, male and female, of white marble, fixed in united oval niches, sculptured out of a fine blue marble, supported by and surrounded with great masses of white marble with bronze veins in it: a curtain and festoon on each side, abounding with foliage and flowers of the same substance: in the middle an alabaster table with the following inscription : " Elizabetha Barnham (praenobilis familiae de Dacre filia) uxor, mater, mulier optima; liberos peperit unico ac dilectissimo marito Francisco Barnhamo militi quin- decim, superstites reliquit decem. Vixit insigne et virtutis ac pietatis exemplum annos
1 Monuments and Painted Glass, chiefly in the Eastern Part of Kent. By Philip Parsons. (Canterbury, MDCCXCIV, xx, p. 323.)
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 95
fere quinquaginta. Decimo octavo die Septembris Anno 1631 placide ac confidenter in Christo obdormuit."' It will be seen at once that this description scarcely applies to the monument now existing, and it appears that a fire occurred in the church in 1832, in which many of the monuments mentioned by Parsons were destroyed, and that to Sir Francis and Lady Barnham partly so; and it is probable that, with the exception perhaps of the two busts, the inscription tablet, and the two cartouches, the existing monument dates from the restoration of the church after the fire. It is placed high up on the south wall of the north aisle, and has apparently been whitened, and the busts therefore have lost their sharpness. Sir Francis wears a doublet, open in front, mantle, and collar, and his wife a tippet, ruff, and veil.
Sir Francis Barnham was the eldest son of Sir Martin Barnham of Hollingbourne, Kent. He was born in 1577, and he and his father were both knighted on the same day — July 23, 1603. He married in 1598 Elizabeth, daughter of Sampson Lennard, and sister of Henry, twelfth Lord Dacre (whose claim to the Barony of Dacre, through their mother Margaret Fiennes, daughter of the ninth Baron, was allowed in 1604), and by her he had fifteen children. She died, in September 1631, aged 50, and the somewhat pathetic inscription states that he ' existed, but did not live ', after his wife's death, until September 1646.
fol. ii A bill of work don at Badgshott loges in July, 1632
For 4 plents of Portland stone being 19 inches deameter and £ s d 9 inches thicke 75 a pecs 01 08 o
4 Rigatt chemne peceses i£ i8s 07 12 o
On Chemney of Portland ston carved and inlayed with marble 05 10 o
for 60 foot of Purbek Robed 03 o o
for the Caregs 2 loods 02 10 o
Som 18 9 9 Payed this 22 May 1633
Bagshot Lodge and Park was then, as at the present time, a royal demesne, and both James I and Charles II used it as an occasional residence for hunting purposes. The chimney-pieces mentioned, even if they now exist, have not been identified.
A Bill of such workes and materialls as have bine provided by me Nicho: Stone sence the 16 of June 1633 unto the 6 of August 1633 for the Right wor11. Mr William Paston
For 39 foote | of Jambe and head for 2 Ballcony doores being
wroft with an Architral in portland stone at 6s the foot comes to £ s d
the some of n 17 o
For 53 foot of kentish stept at 22d the foot comes to the some of 04 17 2
For 356 foot of purbeck mechells paving at 9d the foot comes to 13 07 o
Som 30 i 2
The charges for carriing this worke to the water side is 01 02 4
96 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
fol. 10 b A bill of worke done by Mr Penson giner [joiner] from the
1 6 of June 1633 unto the 6 of August 1633 for the Right wor11. Mr William Paston
£ s d
For the two greate Belcony dores with theire frames 12 o o
For the lesser Belcony dore wth the frame 04 10 o
For the Architraf and cornish 01 15 o
For a kase to packe them in 01 02 o
For earning them to the water side oo 05 o
Som 19 12 o
Worke done at the same time by Tho. Sebroke for the Right wor11. Mr Paston
For 6 pare of stronge side hinges for the Balcony dores at 75 £ s d a pare 02 02 o
For two hundred of strong round hedded nayles to sett on those hinges oo 04 o
For 3 plate locks wth 3 keyes att 125 a pece besides 6s 8d for the guilding of on key 02 02 8
For 3 long boults wth haspes buttons and scuchons at viii s apece 01 04 o
For 12 bares to the windowes at 6d apece comes to the some of oo 06 o
Frames of the dore cases to the stone worke at 6d apece comes to the some of oo n o
For an Iron Pgulaa of thirtene foote long & 3 foot the returnes wth eight pillers & 67 bares and to bottome plates and 2 tope plates eight end plates eight round holow bales eight pedistalles eight nuts: all waing eight hundred twentye and six pounds at five score and 12 pound to the hundred at 5|d the pound 21 06 7
Som 27 16 3
Worke done by Mr Portman at the same time
£ s d
For one landskip of London 07 oo o
For guilding the frame 02 oo o
For a little landskip wth perspective - £2 IDS od and for
guilding the frame of it - 8s 02 18 o
Som ii 18 o Worke done by Jerimey Killett at the same time
For a grete picture frame 10 foot one inch long 4 foot an £ s d inches brood with 4 gret scrues and a handell to them 01 06 o
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 97
For an other picture frame 5 foote f long and 3 foot 2 inches brood wth scrues oo 10 o
For a great case to karry the frames in oo 07 o
Som 02 03 o
Worke done by Robert Streter at the same time For thrise priming and stoping 3 great belconyes within and without & laing them twice grene in oyle 03 05 o
For twice priming and stoping a great Iron pgulaa and colour- ing it twice grene in oyle and guilding the balles 03 05 o
Som 06 10 o
For 262 foot 4 inches of wyre coulored grene at 6d the fote comes 06 ii 2
(These Pas/on accounts are all in the handwriting of Nic. Stone, ./«;/.')
These accounts relate chiefly to work done by craftsmen of other trades at Oxnead, with regard to which Stone seems to have acted as agent on behalf of William Paston. They have already been referred to on page 69.
The mention of Mr. Portman, an unknown English landscape painter, should not pass without notice.
fol. 12 The 6 of July 1631 agreed with my lord Cliford for a mou-
ment according to the pticulars following
The stone 6 foot 8 Inches long of blacke marble 2 foot 8 Inches brode wroft with a moulding on all 4 sides and fairely poleshed and £, glased 18 o
The incription in white marbell 3 foot long 2 foot brood the letters stop'd with blake and fairly poleshed 07 o
The Esqutscu of Armes carved in bost with the coronett and fairly polished and glased in white marble 03 o
The under stone of gray marbell 6 foot 8 Inches long 3 foot brood fairly polished and glased TO o
The marbell pavement contayning 2 foot round about the monement will take-up 56 stones of i foot square fairly poleshed at 35 the foot 08 8
The 4 ourens 2 foot in heigh and 15 Inches in deameter of white marbell fairly wroft and glased at 5^ the ourne comes to the some of 20 o
Som totall 66 8
1 Those entries in the Account book which are in the handwriting of one of the younger Stones will be distinguished from those in Stone's own handwriting by placing the name of the writer at the end of the entry in Italics and between brackets, as on pp. 98 and 99. [Eo.J VII. O
98 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
In May 1632 sent to my Lord Cliford 2 white marble morters at TL£ a pece comes to 02
(Nic. Stone, Jun.} 68 8
ALTAR TOMB TO GRISOLD, COUNTESS OF CUMBERLAND, IN ALL SAINTS CHURCH, LON- DESBOROUGH, CO. YoRKS. PLATE XXXIX (a).
Stone omits to mention the locality of this monument, and also the name of the person to whom it was erected, but his full description of it has fortunately led to its identification as that erected to Lord Clifford's mother, the wife of Francis, fourth Earl of Cumberland. It stood originally on the south side of the chancel, within the altar rails, but at the time of the restoration of the church, some forty years ago, it was removed to a chapel on the north side of the chancel, the lower slab on which the ' ourens ' stood and the marble paving surrounding it not being refixed. The urn-shaped ballusters are not very graceful in form, and the design of the monument generally is so different to any work previously carried out by Stone, that it seems probable that Lord Clifford supplied a sketch for it, more especially as the monument erected to his wife in York Minster, some years later, was similar in design.
Grisold, Countess of Cumberland, was the daughter of Thomas Hughes of Uxbridge. She married, firstly, Edward Neville, fifth Baron Abergavenny ; and secondly, Francis Clifford, fourth Earl of Cumberland, who had issue by her— George, who died young; Henry, Lord Clifford, afterwards fifth and last Earl of Cumberland, who erected this monument to his mother ; Margaret, married to Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford ; and Frances, married to Sir Gervase Clifton. She died in 1613, but the monument was not erected until eighteen years later.
I am indebted to the Rev. R. C. Wilton, Rector of Londesborough, for the informa- tion given of the Clifford family.
fol. ri b A bill of worke and stone deliverd for the right Hon11. William
Paston Esquire in October and November 1633 by me Nicho: Stone.
For 60 purbick michels stones contayning 140 fote at pd the £ s d
fote 5 05 o
For 28 fote of kentish pace at is 8d the fote 2 07 o
For the statua of flora, wood and workmanship 8 10 o
For two heads Marcus Aurelius and faustine 4 oo o
For the sheild with your Armes carved thareon 2 10 o
For brunsing the two heads at i£ 53 the pece 2 10 o For painting the statua & your sheild and priming the Iron
pgula and a pote of coulour 2 03 4 Paid for carting of the stepe and michells to the ship being
3 load and | o 08 o
For earring the statua and heads to Bishopsgate o 03 o
For chests straw paper and nayles o 12 4
Som 28 08 8
This 4 of March 1633 sent unto Mr Paston one peece of paint-
PLATE XXXIX
(a) ALTAR-TOMB TO GRISO1.D, COUNTESS OF CUMBERLAND, IN ALL
SAINTS' CHURCH, I.ONDESBOROUGH, YORKS. 1631.
(b) ALTAR-TOMB TO LIONEL CRANFIELD, EARL OF MIDDLESEX, AND OF ANNE, HIS SECOND WIFE, IN THE CHAPEL OF ST. BENEDICT, AT WESTMINSTER.
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 99
ing of 6 foot square with a frame to it painted blacke and gilded, £ s d
vvch amounts all to the sum of 10 oo o
Also one copper branch waying 166 pound at 2s 6d the pound
wch comes to the some of 20 15 o
Paid for the frait oo 10 o
For the chest that it was packed up in oo 06 o
21 n o
(Nic. Stone, Jun.) Som totall 59 19 8
These items have already been referred to on page 69. fol. 13 For his Mats. ues.
delivred in at Winsor the ii of November 1633, 562 foot of £ s d Oxford shear stone at I4d the foot comes to the som of 32 15 8
it was mesured and segnefied to me by Richard Coxes Con- trolers clarke
In February 1633 sent up to Winsor for his Mate. ues 27 foot of Kentes stepts being in 9 stones at is 8d the foot 02 05 o
all so in February igth 1633 sent up to Winsor of purbeck paving 116 stons contayning 300 foot at 6d the foot comes to the som of 07 10 o
42 10 8 fol. 12 b The Castle of Windsor.
14 February 1634 Received for his Mats. use of Mr Nicholas £ s d Stone Mr Mason of Purbicke stones 533 feet at 6d the foot 13 06 6
2 Aprill 1634 Received more of him for his Mats. use of Mr Stone for heddington stones 179 feet at i4d the foot 10 08 10
1. Due to Mr Stone for Ryding charges in an. 1632 for 15
dayes at 2s pr. diem i 10 o
2. More to him due for do. 1633 for 25 dayes at 25. pr. diem 2 10 o
3. More to him due for Anno 1634 for dayes at 25 p'. diem
£ s d primo May 1635 Some 27 15 2
George Starkey.
9 May 1635 Received from Mr Stone of Hedding- ton stones 179 foot
6 Juny. 1635 Recd. more of Mr Stone of Hedding
stones 225 foot £ s d
In all 404 foot 23 ii 4 o 2
ioo ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
Recd. more of him of Purbicke paving stones 101 foot 02 10 6
9 of July 1635
George Starkey.
24th July 1635 Recd. more from Mr Stonne of
Heddington stonnes 115 foot 07 10 10
25 Augusti 1635
George Starkey
£ s d Some in all 61 07 10
Nicholas Stone, as already mentioned, was appointed Master Mason at Windsor in 1626, and was in receipt of the official daily pay attached to that post ; but apparently, in addition to his official fees, he was also allowed to supply and charge for, not only stone and marble for the works there, but also worked masonry and statuary.
The above notes are certificates of the delivery of Purbeck, Headington, and other stone, written and signed by George Starkey, presumably a clerk in the Office of Works.
fol. 14 Delivered in at Denmark house the 24 of Aprill 1634 for har
Mals. use 1000 of blake marble paving stones of thesse scantlings and prisses Hollowing
£ s d
240 of 15 inches squar at 6£ IDS the hundred 15 12 o
160 of 13 inches squar at 6£ os the hundred 09 12 o
200 of 12 inches squar at $£ los the hundred n oo o
400 of 10 inches square at 4^ IDS the hundred 18000
(Ntc. Stone, Jim.) Som 54 04 o
The work executed by Stone at Denmark or Somerset House, has already been referred to on page 87.
This 2oth of October 1634 Agreed with Mr Windam for to glas on blak marbell ston of 5 foot brood and 9 foot long and to carve 2 scuchings of Armes with 2 coots on ech of thim and all so on Armes with hellmet and crest and mantell and all out of the sam ston and to laye thim in thar colors and grave an inscription and gild it for the pries of i6£ and on Armes of portland ston of 3 foot brood and 5 foot in hight and to color thim for 2j£ 55
payed March 1636
This monumental slab, etc., for Mr. Windham has not been traced. In July 1637, Stone delivered an account to a Mr. Francis Windham, for another black marble slab [see p. 114], of the same width but six inches longer, and inlaid with brass. The client may have been the same in both cases.
fol. 15 Tm-s I7tj1 -Of Aprill 1635 Agreed with Robert Flower for the
rubbing of the white Marble stones for the paving of the Queues
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 101
Mats. chappel at Som*. houssc the stones to be rubbed out of winding with sand and fa ire and smoothly raggeted he finding sand and all other things belonging to the rubbing of them, he is to receive them by tale out of the store housse and to deliver them againe rubbed faire whole and unbroken with out negled edges or broken corners and safely to be sett up in a roome appointed for that purpose before the chappell doore at the stare foot of the Quens kiching and for every stone so rubbd and as many as shall be usfull to be crosse cutt from corner to corner for that service or otherwise sawne he is to doe. The stones being some of 14 Inches square and some of a foot and for every stone of either of thosse biggnesses he is to have iiid or three pence a peece and for every stone that he doth receive by tale and not returne them againe he is to pay for them according to thare value iiid a peece
And for all such blake marble pavings as he shall fine sand and rigatt [thay being already neatly rubbed] and crosse cutt or saw as aforesaid as many as to that worke will be usefull safely and whole according to the number he hath received delivered into the chappell or rome above mencioned he is to have one penny the foot and also to pay according to the worth for all such as shall be lost or not deliverd. this work to be performed by the last day of May next ensuing the date hereof and as a sumsit to this bargaine he hath receivd twenty shillings and hathe here- unto sett his marke the twenty shillings being in part of payment id a peece
In wittnese whareof
wee have sett our The marke — R F— of Robert Flower,
hands Nic: Stone,
Richard White, (Nic. Stone, Jun.)
fol. 16 No: 1634 Delivred in at Hatton Hows for the ues of the
Right Honbl. the lady Elizabeth Hatton on pare of stone stares the pertiklers ar as followeth
32 stepts of 5 foot long apecs which did contayn in squar £ s d
mesur from the quary 4 foot at is 6d the foot 09 12 o
The did com from the quary in 16 stons and did contayn 8 foot
a stone and did cost the carrying 2s 6d the cout 02 oo o
The lower hath paces was 16 foot at 01 04 o
For the 2 medell hath paces 16 foot 01 04 o
and in the uper hath paces 16 foot 01 04 o
102 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
for saing [sawing?] of thes 3 hath paces 01 02 o
all this ston doth contayn n tonn and the cranege at the Tower at 8d the tone and lightrengs unto Scotland yard at 8d the tonn and the caregs from Scotland to long Aker at i6s [i8s?] the tone and from long Aker to Hatton Hows at i8s the tonn 02 07 8
18 13 8
The 32 stepts working and seting evry stept 5 foot long wroft with a bothell mold at i4d the foot comes to 55 lod the stept 09 06 8
The lower hath paces working and seting at i6s and the 2 medell at i6s and the uper at i6s come to 02 08 o
30 08 4 Receved 20 oo o
Rest 10 08 4
We have seen [p. 70] that in 1625 Stone executed and fixed three chimney-pieces in this house for the Duchess of Richmond, when she was in temporary occupation of it ; the staircase here referred to as having been erected for the Lady Elizabeth Hatton, was destroyed when the house was taken down in 1660. Lady Elizabeth Hatton was the daughter of Thomas, first Earl of Exeter. She married first, William Newport, nephew of the great Sir Christopher Hatton, who took the name of Hatton on succeeding to his uncle's property; and second, Sir Edward Coke, Lord Chief Justice, who had died in September previous to the date of this note.
iol. jsb Sheeped the 2 of Aprell 1635 and sent don to Norfolk for the
Right Wor". William Paston Esquyer thes sevrall parcells of goods and work as followeth
£
On Tombe for Sir Edmond Paston TOO o o On statua of Jupeter of portland stone biger thin the life with a petestall of portland ston and on stept of Kentes paces under it
for the prices of 028 o o
On Cerbros [Cerberus] of portland stone with a petestall all
so of portland stone 013 o o
On sheld of Armes with seporters helmet and crest of port- land stone oio o o
On other sheld in a compartment of portland stone farly
carved 003 o o
18 Buchells of tares at 35 the Bushell 002 14 o
4 Barells to put it in is 8d the pecs ooo 6 8
for warfeags and sheeteing ooo 2 6
for 169! foot of wyer work at 6d the foot comes to the som of 004 4 9
for a matt and cord and cariing to the wagen ooo i 6
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 103
on graye marbell morter ooo 5 o
on caces of normonday glas 002 12 o
164 6 5
October 1635
for-mor bill being abated
payed Mr Pearse 6 10 o Rest 104 14 5
and for painting Anteport 3 10 o
upholster Anteport i 5 5 on cas of Norwoud glacs 250
for wyer work 3 10 o
for turtells doves i 17 6
18 17 IT
Reeved 20 oo o
Rest i 02 o
The first of these accounts is one between Mr. William Paston and Stone for statuary, etc., the details of which have already been referred to on page 69; there is nothing to show for what reason an abatement £62 12$. was made in the account.
The second account is apparently one between Stone and a Mr. Pearce. It may not have any connexion with Mr. Paston's work, though it is crowded in at the bottom of the page on which Mr. Paston's account is written.
fol. 17 This 4th of September 1635 Agreed with Mathew Bensteed
for Rubbing squaring and setting of all the blake marble stepts that are to be used in the upper end of her Mats. Chappell at Somer*. housse for the vvch he is to have is 6d the foot to be mesured one the top of the bottell or the fore edge after it is sett, and wheras the stepts, some of them should bare fivetene Inches brood one the upper side and the stone will bare but 13 or thare about he is to make up the other with peeces of marble at the same rate aforesaid onely something to be allowed towards the sawing of thosse peece, and I have paid him 405 imprest ; and the rest he is to have as the worke goes one ; and so much of the stept as shall be wanting shall be supplied by me
In wittnesse whereof he hath hereunto sett his marke
wittnesse M
Nic: Stone, Junior (Nic Stone Jun.)
This 16 of December 1635 agreed with Mathy Bensted for to
104 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
mak that is to say to work roob and set 12 peceses of blak marbell stept to fit the plases that want in the .new fontayn in the gardeyn out of such of the fresh ston remening in Som*. yard and £ s wan it is netly set and fineshed he is to have the som of 07 10
The works executed by Stone at Somerset House have already been referred to on page 87.
foi. 16 b In August 1635 Even reckning with Mes. Van de Sten and
1 have geven har a bill to paye har upon har demand, and the money at thatt time wee agreed upon that I was to paye for my sellf and had past my word for was just on hundred and 5 pond
but shee was to alou me a parternershept of all the blak marbells £
thatt she sarved in att York Hows 105 o o
The 6 of October 1635 Mes. Van.de Sten had of my wyf in part of the som above sayed 40 o o
The 13 of Febuary 1635 Mes. Van de Sten had from me at my hows acording to har demand 10 o o
;: The i7th of March 1635 Mes. Van de Stene had payed har
from me the som of 10 o o
Richard Whitt payed it
This 30 of June 1636 payed unto M. Van de Stene according to har noot the som of 10 o o
and in August 1636 payed B my sonne Nich: Ston unto Mes. Van de Stoene the some of 10 o o
The 29 of July 1637 payed in full of all Recknings unto Mts.Van de Stene 2$£ and shee gave me a generall descarges from the begenen of the warell ? unto that present day weetnes her hand 25 o o
Som 105 o o
Mme Van de Stene was probably a London agent for the supply of black marble shipped from Holland. York House, which is incidentally mentioned, stood on the site of the present Villiers, Duke, and Buckingham Streets, and was at this time in the occupation of George Villiers, second Duke of Buckingham.
Stone mentions in his short diary, 1640-42, given on p. 81, that in July, 1641, he sued .the administrator of Mme Van de Stene's estate, for the sum of £200 which she owed him.
fol. 18 This 29 of Aprell 1636 Agreed with Sir Robert Pey to mak
2 chemney peceses the on for his greet chamber of 6 foot wyed within and another for a with drawing camber of 5 foot wyed within to be both of marbell but he hath left the forme to my decresion and all so the prices he referes himself unto me
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 105
this 18 of Febuary 1636 Receved of Sir Robert Pey in pres £ of the 2 chemneys above sayed the som of 10 o o
25 Febuary mor 10 o o
These chimney-pieces have not been traced. Stone's client, who placed so much confidence in him, was probably Sir Robert Pye, Treasurer Remembrancer of the Exchequer, who was knighted in July 1621, and if this assumption is correct he would probably be living at the time within the precincts of the Palace of Westminster,
This 3 of May 1636 Agreed with my Lady Ceser for a mone- ment for Sir Jules Seser master of the Rolles the prices no,£ to be fineshed by the last of October next 50^ payed in hand and 60 when it is fineshed it is to be sett up in St Elens ; London This monument has already been referred to on p. 74.
This 27 of May 1636 Agreed with Sir Abram Dawes for to mak on marble chcmny peces and to sett it up at Putney in his new Greet chamber with as much hast as may be for the which he is contented whin it is fineshed to paye for, but not to exceed 30^"
payed but 25^" in full
Sir Abraham Dawes was with Sir John Wolstenholme one of the Farmers of the Customs, and became one of the richest commoners of his time. He built a house at Putney, or Roehampton,1 which was taken down r. 1788; he also, in 1629, erected twelve almshouses, for twelve men or women, and endowed it with £40 per annum, charged on his Roehampton estate.
foi. 19 This 28 of May 1636 Agreed with Gabrell Staces for the
working and seting of the 8 corners of Blak marbell for the sestren at Somersett Hous for the fountayn in the garden thar the which he is to work netly and Robe and set and pin and yout [? grout] the Joynts and mak it to agreey with the work of Hubert le sur and he is to have 5^ a corner that is for 8 stones 40^ and I have £ payed him at this tim IQ£ in pres wetnes his hand 10 o o
Gabriell Stace
This 6th of August 1636 Received more impresse of the £ bargaine above said by me 10 o o
Gabriell Stace
This 2 of September 1636 Paid more unto Gabriell Stacy in presse of the bargaine above said the some of 500
I say received by me
Gabriell Stace (John Stone*)
23 Jeneary 1636 paye mor in pres 500
1 O. Manning, History of Surrey, 1804-14, vol. iii, p. 290.
' These two entries are in the handwriting of John Stone. See note page 97. [Eo.] VII. P
io6 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
The works executed by Stone at Somerset House have already been referred to on p. 87. The position of this fountain of Le Soeur's is shown on Hollar's view of Central London to be in the centre of the westernmost garden.
fol. 20 March and Aprell 1636 Sent don to Winsor for his Mats.
sarves thar of work and ston as followeth
for 3 Cartoses that bare up the ballcony being of portland ston and being 3 foot Deipt and 2 foot ~ in to the wall and progect
3 foot out of the wall being farly wroft and carved with the leters
of the Kings and queens names with crowncs over thim at 6£ £
the pecs 1800
for 2 stones of Purbeck marbell of 13 foot long and 3 foot brood farly molded and wroft to lay over the Cartoses for the Botom of the Ballcony for io.£ the ston 20 o o
for on fare Chemney peces in the Kings presencs of portland stone farly wroft and molded for the prices 13 o o
for 2 portland ston Roles at 205 the pecs 02 o o
for 7 whit marbell stones of on foot squar and 7 blak marbell stons of the lik brdynes [broadness?] for on hath paces in the Kings beedchamber at 45 6d the foot being farly poleshed and glased 03 3 6
for on hath paces in the Kings presencs of 9 foot long and
4 foot brood contayn 36 foot at i4d the foot 02 i 8
for on other hath paces in the Kings prevy chamber of the sam length and brdynes 02 i 8
for on other hath paces in the Ballcony Chamber contayning 22 foot I 01 6
Som 61 12 5
This should be 61 13 i but it is corrected on the following page.
fol. 20 b For 4 peices of Portland stone wrought with a moulding and
serveth for the bottome of the neches in the new gate at the upper
end of Tarris walke at 203 the peice 04 o o
For one carved peice that stands over the gate of Diana or chast love taking her repose having bereaved Cupid of his bow and
arrow and turned him to flight 10 o o
14 o o
61 13 i
(Nic. Stone, Jttn.) 75 13 i
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 107
fol. 21 Aprill and May 1636 delivcrd in at Windsor of Hedington
stone 251 foot at 146 the foot comes to 14 13 10
In June 1636 deliverd in 295 foot at I4d the foot comes 17 04 2
The 24 of June 1636 deliverd in 201 foot \ at i4d the foot n 14 6
The 8 of August 1636 deliverd in 238 foot at 14 the foot 13 17 4
Rigatt stone deliverd into the store 38 foote at lod the foot 01 1 1 8
59 01 6
75 13 i
(Nic. Stone, Jim.) Som 134 14 7'
More sent after this bill deliverd in of purbecke stones accord- inge to Mr Starkeyes letter 7 stones of 15 inches square rubbd and squared in all 135 14 7
(Nic. Stone, Jun.) Receved in pres 50 o o
4 of Febuary 1636
Reeved mor 20 o o
Rest 65 14 7
Amongst the Ashmolean MSS at Oxford are some estimates made by Stone at this period for works proposed to be executed at Windsor, including his original estimate for the balcony— or pergula as it is there called— above mentioned. These estimates are quoted in Tighe and Davis's Annals of Windsor? and are as follow : MSS. 1125, f. 71 b-72.
'An estimate of the charge for the new building of the wall and a Gate therein, and a banketting house at the est end of the Terras walk of his Mat8. Castle at Windsor, it being to be built p' with Ragg and p' with Oxfordshire Stone in forme according to a designe drawne by Nich: Stone his Mat8 Master Mason, finding all materialls and workmanship, with the allowance of the old materialls for the sum of 250^.'
' Also the charge of the Repair and new setting of the Sesterne in the Fountaine Court with an addiccon of new stepps and a pedestall in the middle of the Sesterne of Portland stone 3 foote square, and another on the top of yt in 8 cants 2 foote \ diamet. to be in height to topp of the second pedestall from the bottom of the sesterne 7 foote, whereon shall be placed the Statues of Hercules worrying of Antaeus as if by squeezing of him, the water comes out of his mouth, the Statues to be made of Portland stone of 8 foote in hight, accord* to a design made and drawn by Nich: Stone, his Mat. Master mason, to be p'formed for the sume of 50^.
This 16 of July, 1635.'
Apparently from a warrant signed 'Holland', addressed to Sir Robert Burnet, Surveyor of H.M. Honour and Castle of Windsor, and dated December 9, 1635, the above works were countermanded, though the old banqueting house and fountain were already taken down. The materials were ordered to be preserved for future use.
1 At the top of fol. 21 a draft of this account in Stone's handwriting is crossed out, as being incorrect. The corrected account given above is written by Nicholas Stone, junr. [Eo.]
2 Annals of Windsor. By Robert R. Tighc and J. E. Davis. 2 vols. 1858, vol. ii, pp. 120-1.
P 2
io8 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
MSS. 1125, fol. 72.
' An estimate of the charge of the pergula to be made out of the chamber wch usually is named where Kg. Hen. 6 was borne ; which will be in length from out to out 13 foote or nere thereabout, and to come forth from the wall 3 foote all the way, to be borne upon 3 Cartosses of Portland Stone to piecture out of the wall 2 foote £ wth each of them being beautifully wrought and well and workmanlike fastened in the wall will be worth a peece -]£.
' Two faire Stones to cover thes length of 13 foote (to avoid the charge of leade and iron) the stones to be fairely wrought on all sides and to come 3 foote from the wall, 2o£.
' The Iron rayle and leaning 3 foote high, wth wreathed pillars and square Barrs answerable to the designe, wil coste 24^.
' The continuing down of the window wth new stone, cutting out of the old wall will cost 5£.
' The Balcony dores to be firmely made of well seasoned wainscot wth casern, and shutters for the defence of the weather will cost i2£.
'The Iron worke for Hinges, bolts, lock w"' 2 gilt Keyes, Laches and Keeches, rivitts, sadle Barrs and other Iron worke will cost $£. £8j. o.
' But in place of the Iron pergula, if it be done wlh Portland stone, the rayle and ballisters, will be 5^ cheaper.'
The estimates for the proposed new banqueting house and fountain are of value as showing that in both cases Stone made the actual designs for the structures, independent of any extraneous help.
fol. 22 A bargaine made with Robert Pooke this loth of August 1636
Imprimis for rubbing out of course sand, fine sand, and Raggett, white marble stones one foote square or neare thereabout for the pavement of a rome at Oatelands for the Queenes Ma. he is d
to have for every foote 3
And for stones of blacke marble they being alreadye rubb'd he is to fine sand, and Raggett and for every foote well and neately rubb'd he is to have a penny i
For squaring and laying of the aforesaid stones in the roome aforesaid he is to have for every foote [being very neate and workemanlike done] he is to have 4 pence 4
The which he is to performe by the 13th day of September next insuing, and he hath received impresse of this his bargaine the some of Fortye shillings in part of payement £2
To the which he hath sett his marke
Witnesse by me Robert Pooke's -RP- marke
John Stone
(John Stone.)
October 1636 apoynted by Mr Serveower to glas all thos stones above writing being the Kings and queens Command my demand is 2d a foot mesured whin the ar layed
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 109
This 2ith of December 1636 even rekoning withe Robert Pooke for all his workes done since the 5 of June upon general! bills wch amounted to the some of 33^" 175 8 and he has received 2?/ i9s 8d, so payed unto him att this time in full of all the some £ s of six pounds wittnesse his marke 6 oo o
in the presence of the marke RP of Robert Pook
Nic: Stone Junior
(Nic. Stone, Jim.}
The manor of Oatlands ' came into possession of the Crown, like many other estates, in the reign of Henry VIII, who required it for the extension of the chace of Hampton Court, he giving the owner, William Rede, in exchange the manor of Tandridge, near Oxted. The house seems, from the engraving given of it in Manning's History of Surrey, to have been an extensive Tudor structure with several courtyards. Charles granted the manor, in March 1627, to Queen Henrietta Maria during her life, and she was therefore in possession of the house when Stone executed the above works and also others, including the refixing of a fountain removed from Greenwich in 1637 (see p. 114). The house was almost entirely destroyed during the Commonwealth.
The manor being Crown property, Stone executed his work under the direction of the Surveyor-General, Inigo Jones.-
fol. 23 July 1636
For the use of Sr. Thomas Puckering one grave stone of blake
marble five foot nine Inches long and two foot tenne Inches brod £
and 6 Inches thicke 600
For squaring and smothing of the same stone i o o
For three plats of brasse i 12 o For cutting the inscripsions in the three plats of brasse and
letting them in to the marble stone and rivetting of them fast i 16 o For gilding those three plats of brasse all over and picking
the letters out with blake 180
For 2 bed matts 018
For 2 bed cords o i 8
(Nic. Stone, Jun.) Som n 19 4
1636. MONUMENTAL SLAB TO CECILIA PUCKERING IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, WARWICK.
This slab is laid in the floor of the chancel. Let into it are three brass plates, one containing an inscription in Latin, another, an anagram, and the third, an epitaph, the last two being in English. Cecilia Puckering was the second daughter of Sir Thomas Puckering, Bart., whose monument Stone erected in the same church in 1639. She died in April 1636, at the age of thirteen.
' O. Manning, History and Antiquities of the County of Surrey, 1804-14, vol. ii, p. 786.
1 One of the earliest records of Inigo Jones s work as Surveyor to King James is an account dated 1616-18, referring to the building at Oatlands (R.O.,1 Declared Accounts, Audit Office, Works, Bundle 2487, Roll 356). Edward Kynnesman was the mason first employed ; the names of other workmen mentioned are, Thomas Stile, mason, Thomas Edmondes, for brickwork, Raphe Bricc, carpenter, and Edward Basill was clerk of works. There are drawings by Inigo Jones relating to the building and decorations of Oatlands in the Burlington-Devonshire Collection and the James Gibbs Collection in the Radclifle Library, Oxford. See articles by W. Grant Keith in Architectural Review, April, 1916, and Burlington Magazine, January, 1913. [Eo.]
no ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
This 29 of October 1636 Receved in pres of the monement for Sir Richard Wyen 15^" being the first and all I have receved towards it
This monument was probably erected by Sir Richard Wynn, the Queen's Treasurer (who was knighted in June 1616, and was one of the retinue attached to Charles, Prince of Wales, on his visit to Spain in 1623, to woo the Infanta Marguerite1), to his father Sir John Wynn, first baronet, who died 1626. There is no information as to its locality, nor as to its nature or cost, but it seems to have been one of Stone's bad debts.
fol-. 23 b 1635 Agreed with Sir John Buren for on Chemney peces of
blak marbell for the prices of 45^" in Jeneary 1635 and the 27 of March 1637 Receved in pres being the first mony I receved and £ s d thin by leter was bespoken 30 o o
on hath paces of whitt marbell stons and blak and promised sates- facion for thim and the Rest as sone as I cold send the work awaye 45 o o
July 1638 Sheped and sent awaye for Sir John Beron the aboves eade chemney peces and 16 whit and Blak marbell stones farly glased at 45 [35] the peces for the hath paces comes to 02 08 o
all so on tabell of Tuch with a marbll foot unto it all farly poleshed and glased agreed for the pries 14 oo o
on marbell morter of whitt farly glased oo 14 o
all so 3 chest to pak up the sayed work with hoopts stray and
nayells and labor 01 oo o
Carege to the water sid 2 loods 8s and for warfed and cray ned
into the shept 35 oo n o
for fraght from London to Hull 01 10 o
Som 65 3 o Recev 30 o o
Rest 35 3 o more Receved of Briget Hendrek 10 o o
Rest 25 3 o
This chimney-piece and table were probably made for Sir John Byron [or Beeron], of Newstead Abbey, Notts, the valiant officer and faithful adherent of Charles I, by whom he was created Lord Byron in 1643. He died in 1652, and was succeeded by his brother Richard.
The destination of the chimney-piece has not been traced, but it may be assumed to have been not far from Hull.
1 P. F. W. Ryan, Stuart Life and Manners, 1912, p. 49.
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE in
Col. 24 ioth September 1636 Sent done to Hantt Court for his Ma."
sarves 33 foot of Blak marbell of 7 Inches brood Roubed for the making of the Hazard in the new Tenes Cort for the which I am £ s d to have 45 the foot for stone and workmanshept 06 12 o
16 September 1636 Sent don to Ham."1 Court for the queens ma.ts privy chamber thar 16 glased whit and Blak marbell stones for the hath paces at 2s the stone corns or 12 o
payed for the water carege of thim the ston being the Kings ma.'s ondly work mine. oo 05 o
These two unimportant works are the only ones mentioned by Stone as having been executed by him at Hampton Court.
28 August 1636 payed to Tome Paman for sawing of on pices
of whit marbell for St. Francesco at my lord of Arendels oo 10 o
This was Thomas Howard, second Earl of Arundel and Surrey, the accomplished virtuoso; born 1586, died 1646. His town house stood between the Strand and the River, the site being now occupied by Howard, Arundel, Surrey, and Norfolk Streets.
29 September 1636 Sent done to Otlands by the apoyntment of Mr Servear 2 peces of Blak marbell molded stept for the new paved rome at 6s 8d the foot it bing both 7 foot and on other stepte of 4 foot 9 Inches long and 10 Inches brood at 6s 8d the £
foot comes to the som of 3 18 o
16 of June 1637 Agreed with Mr Serveer and Mr Comtroler for to fit and squar Rube and sett at Otlands on blak marbell molding about a fountayn to be mad thar of the sam marbell that was taken up in the privy garden at grenwedg and to furnesh as much as shall be wanting with my own ston and be at all charges for the which I have agreed to do in on moneth for 12 oo o
This work done at Oatlands has already been referred to on p. 109.
fol. 24 b This 27 of May 1637 Agreed with the Right Honabule the
Earell of Medell-sex for on calleton [skeleton] of whit marbell that was mad for the tombe of my lord Harinton that my lord of mcdellsex is to have it netly poleshed and glased and on pestestall of whit marbell of 2 foot in hight for the which he is to paye 45^" and hath payed $£ in hand and is to paye 40 when it is poleshed and hath promesed upon his Honer to declioned it bak agen if I should have ocasion to use it for my lord Harintons tombe.
This skeleton has already been referred to (p. 48) as having been originally carved to form portion of the tomb proposed to have been erected to John, first Lord Harington, by his daughter the Countess of Bedford, but it Was apparently abandoned ; and it was purchased under the somewhat unusual conditions above mentioned.
It does not appear from Stone's note to what use the earl proposed to put the
ii2 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
skeleton when mounted on its white marble base, as it could scarcely have been intended to be a monument by itself, and it would form a gruesome object in a gallery. It is an- interesting fact, however, that a year later — in May 1638— he obtained an estimate and design for a monument for himself, the actual document having been recently discovered by Mr. Randall Davies (to whom I am indebted for the information) amongst the MSS. in the library at Knole. The estimate, which is in the handwriting of Nicholas Stone, Junr., is endorsed by Cranfield, ' Mr. Stone about my toombe, rec. Maye 1638,' and is as follows :
' The tombe to be sixe foote and halfe in length fowre foote in breadth in manner and forme like unto a plott thereof drawne :
' The price three hundered pounds and the fowre and Twenty peeces of marble ; All charges to be Boren by me, as supplie of Marble ; woorkmanshippe, only the carrage to the place to be performed at the charge of your Lordshippe.
'The payments as followeth One hundred pounds to beginne and the said fowre and Twenty peices of marble which are now Liinge in yo. honours courte at St. Barthelmus, ffifty pounds more in December next and ffifty pounds more in Marche ffollowinge and one hundred pounds more beinge in full of the said 300 pounds within one weeke after the tombe be sett up and fully finnished.'
There is so little description given here of the monument, even the materials not being mentioned, that it must be assumed that full particulars were written on the drawing. It may be noted that there is no mention of the skeleton being embodied in the monument.
The actual monument of Lionel Cranfield, Earl of Middlesex, Plate xxxxi (/;), stands in the centre of the chapel of St. Benedict, at Westminster, where it was erected by his widow at some time -subsequent to his death in 1645. Two interesting questions arise with regard to it : firstly, whether this monument was executed from the design made by Stone in 1638; and, secondly, whether, if so, it was actually executed by him at the time, or by some other sculptor after the earl's death.
With regard to the first point ; the monument resembles in so many respects the monument to Sir George Villiers, erected by Stone in the chapel of St. Nicholas, close by, in 1632, that this is presumptive evidence in favour of the design being by him. The only information given in the estimate, apart from the drawing which accompanied it, and which unfortunately has not been found, is its dimension — six and a half feet long by four feet broad. The outline of the tomb is so irregular that it is difficult to decide where to take the measurement, but at one point it measures 6 ft. 5 in. by 4 ft.» which is sufficient to indicate that the proportions are the same.
As regards the second point ; it seems evident that the work was intended to have been commenced at once, and the monument e'rected as soon as completed, and the fact that the earl was to be responsible for the carriage suggests that the intention was to set it up at Knole, his country seat. It is possible that the work was executed, but that for some reason the fixing was postponed, and that eventually, after his death, the monument was erected by his widow at Westminster. If this supposition is correct, the fact that both Cranfield and his wife was still alive may have been a reason — as a matter of delicacy — for Stone's refraining from mentioning that their monument was already made. If, on the other hand, the monument was not commenced until after Cranfield's death in 1645, it is probable that it was not the actual work of Stone, even though the design may have been his, as the record on the inscription of the death of the youngest child, Susanna, on June 24, 1647, suggests that it was erected subsequent to that date, and Stone himself died in August of that year.
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 113
The monument is a large altar-tomb, constructed of white marble and touch. On the slab lie the effigies of the earl and the Countess Anne, his second wife. He wears a gown, fur-lined mantle with ermine tippet, ruff, cuffs, and coronet ; his feet are covered by the mantle, and his hands rest on the body. The countess wears a bodice, gown, fur-lined mantle covering her feet, and ermine tippet, ruff, coronet, and veil ; one hand rests on the body and the other holds a book. The design of the cushion on which the countess's head rests is remarkably similar to the cushion in a similar position in the Villiers tomb. The form of the tomb itself also resembles that of the Villiers tomb, the shaped corner-stones, however, being much simpler ; but in both cases the elaborate achievements of arms at the head and foot are executed in a masterly manner.
Lionel Cranfield was born in 1575; he was apprenticed to Richard Shephard, Merchant Adventurer, of St. Bartholomew's Lane, whose daughter, Elizabeth, he married. He afterwards became a successful merchant adventurer himself, and being a handsome and engaging man, he attracted the attention and came under the patronage, firstly, of the Earl of Northampton, and, after his death, of the Earl of Buckingham. In 1605 he was appointed Receiver of Customs for the counties of Dorset and Somerset, in 1613 he was knighted, in 1616 made a Master of Requests, and in 1619 Chief Commissioner of the Navy. In this year his wife Elizabeth died, and in 1621 he married as his second wife, Anne, daughter of James Brett of Hoby, cousin of his patron the Earl of Buckingham. He was appointed Lord High Treasurer and created Baron Cranfield in 1621, and in the following year was created Earl of Middlesex. In 1624 he was impeached and condemned for bribery, losing his appointments and being confined in the Tower until 1625. Although he retained the good opinion of Charles I, he was not restored to his seat in the House of Lords until 1640. He died in 1645, an<^ was succeeded by his eldest son, James, who died without an heir in 1651, when the title passed to his brother Lionel, the third and last earl.
fol. 25 This 27 of May 1637 Payd unto Gabriell Stacye the some of
twenty poundes being imprest of his worke at Grenwich wch he hath done in squaring and laying of the Purbekc paving of the Tarris vvalke and Rubbing of some marble pavings for the same £ s d worke in the great square rome thare 20 oo o
(Nic. Stone, Jun.) Gabriell Stace
This 24 of June 1637 mor in prese of the sam work the som of 5 10 o
Gabriell Stace
this 21 of July 1637 mor in pres of this work above sayed payed to Gabrell Stace 5 oo o
Gabriell Stace
This 5th of August 1637 Payd unto Gabriell Stacy the some of twenty pounds IDS being more inprest of the worke above said and thirty pounds los before at severall payments wch. makes together fifty one pounds wch. he doth acknoledge he hath receved wittnesed his hand 20 10 o
(Nic. Stone, Jun.) Gabriell Stace
vn. o
ii4 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
27 of August payed to michell Pue on gabrells acout o 10 o
Gabriell Stace 4 November 1637 payed mor in pres of this work to Gabrell
Staces 5 oo o
Gabriell Stace
Novembr nth. 1637 Pajd more in presse of this worke to Gabriell Stacy the some of five and twenty pounds wittnese his hand 25 oo o
(Nic. Stone, Jun.) Gabriell Stace
23 Novemb mor in prese to my Cosen Ane Stace 5 oo o
Gabriell Stace fol. asb Decembr. 6th. 1637 Pa}'d unto Gabriell Stacye the some of
tenne pounds being more inpresse of the worke at Grenwich TO oo o
(Nic. Stone, Jun.) Gabriell Stace
Decemb. i8th. 1637 Payd unto Gabriell Stacye the some of twenty pounds being more inpresse of his worke done at Grenwich 20 oo o (Nic. Stone, Jun.) Gabriell Stace
this 27 of Jeneary 1637 payed mor in precs of the work above sayed Gabriell Stace 10 oo o
this 24 of March 1637 Payd unto Gabriell Stacy more inpresse of the worke above said the some of u oo o
Gabriel Stace this 16 of June 1638 payed mor to my Cosen Ane Staces 5 oo o
this 20 of October 1638 lent to my Cosen Ane Staces upon intrety for har husban 5 oo o
The work done by Stacey for Stone at Greenwich at this time was probably carried out under the direction of Inigo Jones. The great square room may have been a portion of the old palace or Pleasaunce, as later on Stone makes mention of work done at Her Majesty's New Building.
fol. 26 This 13 of July 1637
Money layed out upon the workmanship of a great gravestone for the wor". Franncis Windam Esq.
In September 1634, For the carriage of a blake marble stone of 9 foot | long and 5 foot brood from Scotland yard into Long £ s acre oo 10 o
Payd to Labourers at Scotland crane for taking it up out of the litter and rouling if up into the yard 200 foot from the crane oo 10 o
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 115
Payd to Labour', for Loading the stone at Scotland yard into the cart and unloading it in Long acre oo 12 o
Payd to Robert Flower for rubbing and smothing of the said stone 03 oo o
More since paid for rubbing and smothing polishing and glasing of the said stone be 47 foot * upon the superficies at 2od the foot comes to 03 18 o
To Mathew Bensteed for letting in of the brassc being 5 peeces and making hooles for the pines oo 12 o
For sawing of the pece of the side of the stone being 9 foot I long and 5 inches deepe at id the inch oo 05 o
For cutting the end of the said stone being sawed 5 inches deepe at 9d the inch comes to oo 03 9
Laid out for fine sand and course sand for this worke oo 04 o
For Drawing the inscription and engraving of it deepe into the stone and cutting of the scrowle atopp being ver}' large letters at 03 10 o
Som total 13 04 9
The Drawing of 2 or 3 drafts for Mr. Windam wch. was sent into the cuntry, my severall waiting & attending ond him at his Lodging by Arundell house and Lincolnes end, the use of my yard roome for 3 yeares & all my advice and assistance I doe freely present unto Mr. Windam as his humble servant.
(Nic. Stone, Juit.)
This account, although dated July 1637, appears from the second paragraph to be for work commenced in September 1634. On referring back to p. 100, we find that in October of that year Stone executed for a Mr. Windam another black marble grave- stone, on which were carved three escutcheons of arms, the account for which was paid in March 1636. Whether ' Mr. Windam ' and ' the woru. Francis Windam Esq.' are the same person is not clear, and in neither case is the destination of the slab mentioned ; in fact there seems to be some doubt whether the last-mentioned stone was not left on his hands, as the very precise details given of every item of expense incurred do not include its removal from his works or its fixing.
fol. 26 b This 3 of August 1637
For worke done in July for the right Hon. my Lord Chamberline by Mr Decans 1 appointment as followeth
For sawing of 3 Kearses each of them being 30 Inches depe £ s d contayning in all 90 Inches at 9d the Inch comes to 03 07 6
The polishing and glasing of the 4 stones each stone contayn-
1 Can this be Isaac de Cans? See p. 117, also pp. 122 and 127. [Ed.]
Q 2
n6 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
ing 16 foot and a qr. flatt measure comes to 65 foot in all at i6d
a foot amounts to 04 06 8
Som 07 14 2
The Lord Chamberlain, for whom the work here mentioned was done, was Philip Herbert, fourth Earl of Pembroke, K.G. He was Chancellor of the University of Oxford, and Lord Chamberlain of the Household of Charles I. The work may have been carried out at Wilton, but both this and also that mentioned as being done in 1639 (p. 127), were insignificant in character. Charles Stoakes, in his notes at the end of this volume (p. 137), says that Stone designed and built many curious works at Wilton for the Earl of Pembroke ; and Vertue in his MSS., vol. II, makes this note, ' At Wilton House, Lord Pembroke's, at the end of the gardens a grotto with basso relievo and water stone work by Nicholas Stone.'
A letter written in Dutch to Nicholas Stone by his brother-in-law, Thomas de Keyser, has been pasted by him in his Account book at this point, of which the following is a literal translation :
fol. 27 Esteemed and very discreet brother and sister Stone, after our friendly
greetings and wishes of all that is good, you will by this understand that we are all in good health and heartily hope for yours. We have received your letters as well as the beaver hat ; it suits me very well. I thank you for your trouble ; you have only to command me in your service and I will not fail according to my power. Van Someren has twice paid £2; I have already credited your account with these £2, if you wish to have an exact note of the same from my book I will send it to you, or the matter is as follows.
In 1637, when you sent me the cloth there was due to me g. 54 ri o
the cloth sent by you g 61 o o one parrot cage 15 o o
from Van Someren 22 o o paid to Uncle Salomon 20 o o
from Van Someren 22 4 8 2 frames for your son's
the beaver 27 14 o account i 10 o
the door hinges 6 o the stove and expenses 36 3 8
4 8 g- 127 4 8
so that there is a balance due to you of six guilders.
I have heard with pleasure of the good health of your children in Rome. Our brother Hendrik came here in Amsterdam the 2nd. November, three or four days before brother Peter married, but not knowing that his brother was a bridegroom ; he came here on business, and told us, as you wrote, that he had got married in England. He left here again for Hull on December 5; we hope the Lord God will grant him a safe journey in all these bad storms, Amen.
Having naught else to say, esteemed and dearly beloved brother, than to
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 117
give you and all our good friends our hearty greetings, we commend you to God's mercy.
Written in Amsterdam this igth. December, 1639,
by your zealous brother until death
Thomas de Keyser.
I beg you, brother, to do me the favour of sending this small letter with all speed to brother Hendrik in the country; you will be doing me a particular service by this, and I am ready to do the same. Uncle Salomon thanks you very much for your kindness in having sold those pots; he would that you took the rest as well at such price as you think proper; it will be doing him a great kindness. You can let me know and I will pay him on your behalf. Do please have an envelope made for Uncle Hendrik's letter.
This letter, although it relates entirely to domestic affairs, has much interest, as it shows the affectionate relationship which existed between the Stone and de Keyser families, and also give us some family incidents.
fol. 28 This 23 of August 1637 Received inprest for a chimney pece to be made
for the Right Honble. the Lady Humes, to be sett up in her honours house in Aldersgate street wch. chimney pece is to consist of blacke and white marble and to be foure foot J- wyde and foure foot \ high within the chimney, agred for twenty five pounds whereof received from the hands of Mr. Decans * tenn pounds in earnest and the rest to be payd when the worke is sett up and finisht
(Nic. Stone, Jim.}
This is agreed by the order and In the behalfe of The Right Hoblc. The Countesse of Home.
Isaac de Caus.2
This lady was probably Grace, second wife of James, second Earl of Home, who succeeded to the title in 1619, and died in 1633. She was the daughter of Francis, first Earl of Westmoreland, who owned a house on the west side of Aldersgate Street, south of London House.
fol. 29 This 2 of February 1637. Agreed with Robert Pooke to
. worke worke, polish, glase and sett upp one tombe, consisting of white "" anc^ blake marble, according to a covenant betweene Sr. Edward Christmas Peetoo and my selfe wch. covenant beares date the 3 of Aprill 1637, onely excepting the carved workes and engraving the inscriptions
1 Query de Caus. [Ed.]
" Isaac de Caus is described as ' Ingenyeur et Architecte, Natif de Dieppe' on the title-page of his book, Nouvelle invention de lever I'eau plus hault que sa source, folio, London, 1644, a copy of which is in the Soane Museum. He was brother to Solomon de Caus, drawing master to Henry, Prince of Wales, ca. 1612. According to Walpole's Anecdotes, Isaac de Caus built the porticos and loggia of Gorhambury, and at least part of Camden House, near Kensington. [Ed.]
n8 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
\vch. he is to stopp and glase, for the wch. worke so sett upp and fully finisht [according to the covenant] he is to have thirt}^ three pounds thirtenc shillings, wch. worke if he doe neatly and well performe that the sayd Knight shall be well pleased then is the price to be augmented and made five and thirty pounds ; in wittnesse wherof £ s he hath sett his marke 35 oo o
Wittnesse by me
The marke of -R P- Robert Pooke Nic. Stone Junior
(Nic. Stone, Jnn.}
Details with regard to this monument have already been given on p. 77.
This is the last entry written by Nicholas Stone, Jun., previous to his departure for the Continent. He left England in the following month, as recorded by his father in the next paragraph, and only once more does his handwriting occur in the volume — in May 1647. During the next eighteen months the entries are all made by Stone himself, but after November 1639 the handwriting of his youngest son John, then 19 years old, frequently occurs.
The 30 of March 1638 I parted with my sonne Nicholas at Chatham beyond Roichester whin he toke his jerny for francs and on the Tuesday following Mr. Peek of Holborn Condett mett with him at Dept [Dieppe ?] in francs
His son, Nicholas, as related in the earlier portion of this book, met his brother Henry in Paris, whence they journeyed together to Italy and stayed there until the spring of 1642.
fol. 28 b Work don at har Matie\ new Bulding at grenwedg In July 1639
as folio weth.
In the Rom with glases on hath pacs of whitt marbl of on intier ston 8 foot long and 2 foot 4 Inches brood finding marbell and carege and workmanshept for the som of 08 oo o
In the sam Rom on hath of Rigatt ston contayning 12 foot | at 8d the foot oo 08 4
In the Cabenett ajayeng for poleshing and glasing of 7 whitt marble and 7 blak stons of i foot squar and for the squaring and laying of thim at i8s the ston 01 01 o
for the sawing and working of of on margent of whit marbl to inclos the forsayed hath paces beng 8 foot long and 6 Inches brood on the for sid and 5 foot on the 2 ends in all 13 foot at 35 the foot 01 19 o
In the hath thar 10 foot of Rigatt at 8d the foot oo 06 8
In the Bedchamber whar the Rouef is paynted 16 marbl stones in the hath paces at i8d the pecs 01 04 o
In the sam chemney 9 foot of Rgatt border oo 06 o
whitt marbell margent to in-clos the squar stons beng 14 foot at 35 the foot 02 02 o
PLATE XL
(rt) ENTRANCE ARCHWAY FROM THE GREEN LANE COURT.
(/>) NORTH FACE OF THE GREAT COURT.
KIRBY HALL.
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 119
In the closett ajoynig on chemney peces of portland ston mantel! and james carved with eges and ankers and beades and 2 baces carved with loves the chemney at 2^ IDS and the baceses at i2s 03 14 o
In the sam chemney 14 marbls in the hath pacs 01 01 o
Rigatt ston border in the bottom of the chemney 10 foot oo 06 8
whit marbl margent that inclos the marbl stones 13 foot in all att 35 the foot 01 19 o
fol. 29 in the Iner Rom at foot of the Bak stars on hath paces of
16 whitt and blak marble stones 01 04 o
Rigatt border in the sam chemney 9 foot oo 06 o
a margent of whitt marble 14 foot at 35 the foot 02 02 o
2 plents [plinths ?] of portland stone in the sam chem. oo 03 o
In November 1639 on blak marbell stept in the door of Entrancs ther at grenwedg 01 05 o
and layed within the sayed door 15 foot of blak and whitt marbell paving oo 15 o
Grenwidg 1639
Som in all 28 02 8
The Queen's house at Greenwich, built by Charles I for Queen Henrietta Marie, was designed by Inigo Jones. There is a date of 1635 on the building, but it is evident from this account that some work was still in progress as late as 1639.
fol. 30 This 6 of July 1638 Receved 20 £ of Ser Christofer Hatton's
man in pres of a marbell Chemne peces to be spedely don and £ Agreed for 50^" 50 09 o
Sir Christopher Hatton was the son of Sir Christopher Hatton, of Holdenby and Kirby, the cousin of the Elizabethan Lord Chancellor. He was made a Knight of the Bath at the coronation of Charles I, and in 1643 was created Lord Hatton of Kirby. He died in 1670.
The chimney-piece was in all probability fixed at Kirby Hall, to which house in 1639 Stone also sent down a shield, and a bust of Marcus Aurelius in Portland stone, two window-cases of Sussex marble, four iron cartosses and iron casements made by Sparrow the smith, and a model for a staircase made by Peter Walker (see p. 125), and in the following year a bust of Apollo in Portland stone, and plaster casts of six of the Emperors' heads (see p. 129). Of these it is possible that the bust of Marcus Aurelius still exists on the north face of the great court (the bust there has the date of 1638 on its base), and also the carved shield which is over the entrance archway from the Green Lane Court (Plate XL). Kirby Hall is reputed to have been erected from the plans of John Thorpe, 1570-5, for Lord Chancellor Hatton, and Inigo Jones made additions to it about 1638.
This 16 of August 1638 Agreed with Mr John Hamden and with Mr Richard Camden for on monement to consist of blak and £ whitt marble to be set up in greett mesenden in memorell of the 30 oo o lady Boys decesed and I receved this present day in part io,£ the some Agreed for is 30^" so ther is to be receved whin it is set up and fanshed 20 oo o
i2o ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
1638. MURAL TABLET TO DAME JANE BOYS IN THE CHURCH OF SS. PETER AND PAUL, GREAT MISSENDEN, co. BUCKS. PLATE XLI (a).
This very simple tablet, which is in the north aisle, is of black marble within a white marble frame ; it is surmounted by a cornice with broken segmental pediment, enclosing a cartouche containing her arms and those of her two husbands.
Dame Jane Boys was the daughter and co-heir of Thomas Walker. She married, firstly, Daniel Bonde of London, and, secondly, Sir John Boys of Hoades Court, near Canterbury, Knt. She died in February 1635, at the age of 73, after a widowhood of twenty-three years. The fact of the tablet being erected by strangers, probably her executors, suggests that she died childless.
This 17 of August agreed with Mr Sutan ' glas panter for to mak the Armes dialls and glory for the gale^ window at Copthall for the Right HonWe. lord of medellsex and he wold not do thim under 6s the foot but I sayed 55 6d but the well doing most gouven it and to be parformed within on moneth and all so att that tim apoynted the glasear of Waltam to go on with the work of the windows with my lord glas
This is another instance when Stone appears to have acted simply as an agent in connexion with other crafts, as there is no mention of himself being employed on any work at Copthall.
In 1551 Princess Mary, daughter of Henry VIII, was in residence at the house.2 In 1564 the manor was granted to Sir Thomas Heneage and Ann, his wife,3 and he is reputed to have rebuilt the house between 1564-7. His daughter and heir, Elizabeth, married Sir Moyle Finch, Bart., whose son, Heneage, became Recorder of London and Speaker of the House of Commons. According to a letter from Chamberlain to Sir Dudley Carleton,4 dated June 28, 1623, Lady Finch parted with the house on the following terms : ' The Recorder [Sir Heneage,] is to be made one of the Serjeants and is knighted, and his mother made Viscountess Maidstone, for exchanging her fair house at Copthall, Essex, with the Duke and Duchess of Richmond for Cobham, Kent.' The house afterwards passed into the hands of Lionel Cranford, first Earl of Middlesex, and Rugge, in his Diurnal notes,5 'June, 1660, His Majesty att dinner att the Earl of Middle- sex house at Copthall '.
This ii of October 1638 Agreed with John Hargrave for the carving in whitt marbell the statua of my lord Spenscer acording as he shall have derukcions and to do it with all expedicion as sone as porsebell he can and as well and workmanly as he can netly and Artefishally for the which he is to have the som of 14^' and hath Receved IDS in partt wetnes his hand the daye above sayed 14 o o
John Hargrave This work has already been referred to on p. 75.
1 Probably Baptist Sutton, glass painter, who painted two windows in the Church of St. Leonard, Shoreditch, some time prior to 1634. Redgrave's Dictionary. [Eo. ]
1 Cal. State Papers, Dom. Edward VI, vol. xiii, 35. 8 Ibid., Elizabeth, vol. xxxiv, 44.
4 Nichols's Progresses of James I, vol. iii, p. 878.
8 Mercurius Politicus Rediimms, 1659-72; Brit. Mus. Add. MSS, 10116-117.
PLATE XI. I
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_; o x
U s - ~, u ~.
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 121
fol. 29 b This 2oth. of September 1638 Agreed with my lady Staford
for the making of on Chemney peces of whitt marbell to be sett up in the Savay for the which I am to have 40^ and har ladyshept hath geven me in precs6,£ ias and it is to be performed as sone as porsebell I can in 6 weeks or 2 monets 40 o o
Lady Stafford, who probably had apartments in the Savoy, may have been the wife or widow of Sir William Stafford, knighted in 1603, or of Sir Edward Stafford, knighted in 1618.
This ii of October 1638 Receved from the hands of Mr John pepes 2o£ in partt of a monementt for Ser Edward Coke Knight and he hath promised thatt Sir Robert Coke shall seall the cove- nant as sonn as he cometh to town and I shall have my nott which I have geven to aknolege the Recett bak ageane : the Tomb is agreed for 400^" all of marbell : Receved 20 o o
This work has already been referred to on p. 75.
Sir Robert Coke was Sir Edward's eldest son ; he died in 1653.
Att Greenewitch Purbecke paving lying in the Portico towards the Parke, 84 stones of 3 foote long, and 2 footc broad contayning 494 foote, at . . the foote.
In the same place 170 mitchells of 18 inches square, contayn- ing 382 foote \ at the foote.
This note is in the handwriting of Nicholas Stone, Jun. Though written at the bottom of this page, it must have been a later insertion, as he was abroad between April 1638 and the end of 1642.
fol. 29 c The quines of the uper part of the qucnes chappell at So1 Howes
will be in hight 15 Inches and in lenght 22 Inches and on the head i foot this is the mst (? measurement) when they are wroft and sett and thare must be 184 in all. and thar are to be foure windowes the hyht to be 4 foot square evcrycway and 16 Inches brood and the dufell 14 Inches : the 16 Inches brood is ment the head of the jambe and thickncs of the head and sayell and to be in forme of this figure
this 26 of february 1632 directions given to William Mason.
This note is written on a piece of paper which has been inserted in the book. Vertue has written a note on the back stating that it is in the handwriting of Inigo Jones, but this is doubtful, although the instructions given in the note probably emanated from him. It is quite possible that Vertue inserted it in the book himself when he had it bound ; its position as regards date is quite wrong.
fol. 31 This 18 of October 1638 Agreed with Richard Whitt to finesh
the Coreenthin Capetall for-morly By him wrofte for the which he is to have unto thatt mony he hath all redy receved being *]£ or
VII. R
122 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
thar about to mak thatt some io£ and all so doth covenantt and promies to mak and netly carve the statua of a lady in whitt marbell acording to such dericions as shal be delivred to him and to fenesh it by the last of march next for the which being netly and Artyficselly don he is to have i$£ and I have geven him at this time 223 in part of payment wetnes his hand he promesing to £,
com and be geine the same by or befor the 20 of November Next 18
Richard White Wittnes Anthony Ellis
This 26 of march 1639 lent in pres to Richard Whitt upon his £ task above written at this tim the som of 03 o o
Richard White
The ' statua of a lady in whitt marbell ' was evidently that of Lady Spencer which lies on the monument of herself and Lord Spencer in Great Brington Church. It has already been described on p. 75. It may be noted that the work was evidently to be done in Stone's statuary yard, and therefore under his eye.
This 13 of Aprell 1639 Agreed with John Hargrave for to carve the pector of Ser Edward Cook Knight in whitt marbell acording to such derickions as shal be geven him and he is to parform it by the last of August next at the fardest and for the well and workmanlik doing tharof he is to have fiften ponds witnes his hand 15 o o
witnesse by me John H ve
Anthony Ellis
This monument to Sir Edward Coke, in Tittleshall Church, has already been referred to on p. 75.
fol. 30 b This 17 of December 1638 Receved from the hands of
Mr Wooten in Lombar street by the apoyntment of Mr Thomas Garttong the som of 8o£. o. o. and is in full of the monement for the lady Cateren Paston being 6o£ then behind unpayed and 2o£ for 30 long sqrues dayells at 135 46. the pece so thar remeneth £ the frayht and other carges behind unpayed Receved 80 o
This payment was made for the monument of Lady Katherine Paston in Oxnead Church, described on p. 69. Mr. Wooten was probably one of the goldsmiths of Lombard Street, who were the financiers and bankers of the period, and Mr. Decan, who has twice been mentioned as paying money to Stone on other persons' behalf, was probably another.
I, Giliame van Neuremburg, acknowledge having received from Mr. Nicholas Stone the sum of 200^" sterling, 12 July, 1639.
By me, Giliame
van Neuremburg.
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 123
Giliame van Neuremburg was a dealer in marble and freestone in Amsterdam. The receipt, of which this is a literal translation from the Dutch, is written in the Account- book, and Giliame must, therefore, have been on a visit to London at the time.
ii of September 1639. Rcceved from the hands of John Cuts sarvant to Ser Edward Alford 5^' o and is in part of io,£ for a pictor for a chemney pecs
Sir Edward Alford, of Offington, Sussex, was knighted at Whitehall in December 1632 : no clue is given as to the locality of the chimney-piece. It may be noted that the term 'pictor' does not here necessarily imply a painting, as Stone sometimes made use of that term when describing an effigy ; and in this case he may mean a figure or a relief in a panel.
This 24 of December 1639 agreed with Robertt Pook for the working of the Tombe of Mr Milles Armegear and to pak and sett it up in the chcarch of Hocome in Norfolk whar M's Cokes is to stand and to polesh the blak marbell tabclls and mak it acording to a polett [plat or plan ?] that is agreed upon for the prices of 8£ wittnes his hand — R P 08 o
1639. MURAL TABLET TO MILES ARMIGER IN THE CHURCH OF ST. WITHIBURGA, HOLKHAM, co. NORFOLK. PLATE XLI (b).
This monument is in a chapel on the south side of the chancel. It is executed in alabaster and black marble, and is fanciful rather than beautiful in design. The effigy of Miles Armiger, which is in an arched recess, is in a kneeling posture before a small prayer-desk and is somewhat less than life-size. He wears a doublet, trunk hose, mantle, and ruff, and in front of him on the ground is a skull. Above the cornice is an achieve- ment of arms, coloured.
Miles Armiger was the second son of William Armiger, of North Creake, Favers- ham. He died unmarried, in May 1639, at the age of 63. His niece, Meriall Wheatley, married John, fourth son of Sir Edward Coke, which may account for his being buried at Holkham, her monument being also in the same chapel.
The .£8 paid to Pook does not of course represent the actual cost of the monument his work being confined to the plain masonry and not to the carving of the materials.
fol. 32 This yth of Jeneary 1638 Agreed with Robert Pook for the
working poleshing and glasing paking and seting up in norfolk, in such plase as hee shall have dericions ; for the tombe for the Honerbl. Ser Edward Cook decesed to consist of whitt marbell and Blak marbell acording to a plott and as derickions shal be geven him and he is to take done the tombe of Ser Edward Cooks wyef and sett itt upe agene in the same Chansell whar he shall be dcricked and all the sayed work hee is to work polesh and farly to glazes except the 2 pillers and the pector and the rest of the carved work which is to be don withoutt any carges to him and he is to clens and netly to sett the old monemcnt and netly to set up the new, not ondly the mason worke but the carving all so and is to pak up and
R 2
I24 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
helpe to shept all the sayed work and for the well performanc he is to have 48^" and to Receve his mony as his work goes on wittnes his hand in the presencs of Antony Eles he having wroft on the sayed work 3 weekes all redy and receved in part fower pondes 48^" o o
The marke of R P Robert Pooke Wittnes by me
Anthony Ellis.
This monument, which was fixed in Tittleshall Church, has already been described on p. 75 ; the tomb, which was taken down and refixed in the chancel farther west, is that which he erected to his first wife, Bridget Paston.
This 26 of Febuary 1638 Agreed with John Schormon to carve the Armes of my lord Spencer with Helmett mantell and crest acording to a draft thar of and to be netly don as sone as £ porsebell he cane and I have promesed him for to pay him 6 o
Wetnes his hand Jan Schoerman
The monument to Lord Spencer in Great Brington Church has already been described on p. 75.
fol. 31 b September 1639 layed out for Mr Fastens ues for fraight of
30 long dealles the som of 3^" o o and payed for leving of thim in the yard untill I could gett a shept and to Bring thim abord at Blakwall the som of i£ 3 6 and for a carved fram of my lady Ketrens pictor and gillding of it •$£ IDS and payed unto Robartt Pook for removing of tombes at Paston and at North walsom £ s d mending of on thar the som of z£ 9136
my sones receved of Mr Paston 2,6£ at Florencs and then thar will remen the ^£ 13 6 beng taken out, 16 £ 6s 6d
this i6£ 6s 6d was payed to Frank Bronell the 22 of July 1639 by Mr Gastong apoyntment
Stone's frequent business relations with the Paston family have already been referred to. His son Nicholas in his diary mentions having borrowed money from Mr. William Paston in 1638 whilst in Florence, and the debt was here discharged by his father ; but there appears to be some discrepancy in the above dates, as that of the payment of the balance to Bronell must necessarily have been later than the date of the account given in the paragraph above it, and should probably read July 1640.
This yth of Febuary 1638 Receved of John Cook Esqyer . i£ IDS and is for a grave stone of blak marbell the which I am to shipt for Yarmoth whin the incriptions is sent and in gravin ; to be derected to Mr Dobell-day to be sent to Shotisham to Mr hare or £ s Mr Frances london 7 10
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 125
1638. FLOOR SLAB TO EDMUND DOYLY IN ALL SAINTS' CHURCH, SHOTESHAM, co. NORFOLK.
This is a plain black marble slab with an inscription cut in it. It is in the floor of the chancel.
Edmund Doyly was the son and heir of Sir Henry Doyly, Knt. ; he married Bridget, eldest daughter of John Coke, of Holkham, and grand-daughter of Sir Edward Coke. He died in September 1638.
fol. 32 b Sparow Smeth for the 4 Cartoses sent to Kerby waying £ s d
541 pond at 6d the pond 13 10 6
2 windows lenens [linings?] of Susex marbell of 16 foot | both 33 foot -* at 45 the foot 06 14 o
In July 1639 sent to Ser Christofer Hatton on sheald of port- land ston 04 o o
In June 1639 sent don to Kerby for Ser Chrestofer Hatton on head carved in ston of Markus Orrelles which cam to 04 o o
This 27 of May 1639 payed unto Peter Walker for the modell of the starecase for Ser Christofer Hatton for Kerby Hows 01 10 o
This 4 of Maye 1639 layed out for Ser Christofer Hatten to Sparow Smeth for the Iron work of on window at Kerby the' casments waying 84 pond and the Bares 13 pond the casments at yd the pond and the Bares at 4d the pond 2 stayes is 6d 2156
32 10 o
These various works have already been referred to on p. 1 19.
This March 1639 the monement fur Mr John Hamdon was sett up and the carges as followeth for glasen of the stone being 8 foot long 4 foot brode 32 foot at i8d the foot 2/ 8s o the under ston of portland stone 4 foot i£ o o the cornesh 2^ o o the Armes £ s d 2£ o o the gillding and colleren at i£ and the seting up z£ som 980
Neither the locality of this tablet nor the individuality of the person named has been traced ; a Mr. John Hamden and Richard Camden erected in the previous year a monu- mental tablet to Dame Ann Boys, and the tablet in question may possibly have been erected in memory of the former.
fol. 33 The second of March 1638 Receved of Mr pepes toward the £
tombe of Ser Edward Cook the some of 100 o o
This work has already been referred to on p. 75.
The 4 of March 1638 Receved from the hand of the Right Honblc. the Contes of Arndeell to paye work men at Tartt Hall 30^" and your Honer promesed to geve mor weekly as the work went forwarde 30 o o
This 7 of March 1638 Receved mor in precs from the hands
126 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
of the Right Honble. lady Contes of Arendell toward work and
matterealls the som 20 o o
This 17 of March 1638 Receved from the hands of Mrs. Arden By the apoyntmcnt of the Right Honbli:. lady the Countes of Arendell the som of fifty ponds which make in all on hundred 50 o o
This 5 of Aprell 1639 Receved from the Hands of the Right Honblc. Lady Contes of Arendell for to pay workmen at Tartt Hall the som of fifty pond 50 o o
This 13 of Aprell 1639 Receved from the hands of the Right Honbl<:. Lady Contes of Arendell for to paye workmen at Tartt hall the som of fifty ponds 50 o o
This 4 of May 1639 Receved from the hands of the above sayed Honblc. lady to pay workmen att Tartt Hall 24 14 6
payed 5 6
So ma 25 o o
fo1- 34 This 14 of Maye 1639 Receved from the hands of the Right
Honble. Lady Contes of Arendell in pres to paye workmen at Tartt Hall as befor the som of fifty ponds 50 o o
This i of June 1639 Receved from the hands of Robertt Balldewen gent, by the apoynt"'. of the Right Honble. the Contes of Arendell and Serry the som of on hundred ponds and is for to pay yor Honers workmen and matrells at Tartt Hall 100 o o
This 13 of July 1639 Receved from the handes of the Right Honblc. Lady Contes Of Arendell and Serray on hundred pondes and is for to paye workmen for workes don and adoing at Tartt Hall and for mattrealls to be spent thar 100 o o
This 12 of October 1639 Receved from the hands of the Right Honble. Lady Contes of Arendell and Surye the som of fower scor pondes and is to paye to workmen and for matterealls for Tartt Hall 80 o o
This 30 of November, 1639, Received from the hands ol Robert Baldewen gent, by the appointment of the Right Honour- able the Countesse of Arundell and Surrey the some of 8o/, and is £ s d for to paye her Honours workemen, and materialls att Tarthall 80 oo o
(John Stone)
This work is ooe of the instances in which Stone acted as Architect, or Director oi' the Works. His client, Lady Alatheia Talbot, Countess of Arundel, was the daughter, and eventually sole heir, of Gilbert Talbot, seventh Earl of Shrewsbury, and the wife oi the accomplished virtuoso, Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, her grand- mother being the celebrated house-builder, Bess of Hardwicke.
Tart Hall stood at the south-west corner of St. James's Park — on the site now
PLATE XLII
(a) MURAL MONUMENT TO MERIALL COKE AND OTHERS IN THE CHURCH OF ST. WITHIBURGA, 1IO1.KIIAM, NORFOLK. 1639.
MURAL TAHLET TO THOMAS RANDOLPH IN HOLY TRINITY CHURCH, BLATHER- WICK, NORTIIANTS. [640.
MURAL TABLET TO THOMAS BALDWIN IN THE CHURCH OF SS. MARY AND PETF.K, BERKIIAMSTF.D, HERTS. 1642.
((/) MURAL TABLET TO SIR SIMON BASKKR- VILLE IN ST. PAUI.'s CATHEDRAL, LONDON. 1642.
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 127
occupied by the Duchy of Cornwall Office at the corner of Buckingham Gate. An inventory of the contents of the house taken in 1649,' previous to her departure for the Continent, whence she was destined never to return, indicates that it consisted of two houses, ' The Old House ' and ' The New House ', and we may conclude that it was the latter that Stone built. The countess died in 1654, and the property descended to her youngest son, Sir William Howard, created Viscount Stafford in 1640, who was executed in 1680 on the suborned evidence of Titus Oates. Subsequently portions of the Arundel Collection were housed here ; they were sold in 1720, and the house demolished.
ol. 33 b Aprell 1639 for the Right Hon1'1. the Earell of pembrock
lord Chamberlen delivred n foot f of whitt marbell Cornesh farly rofte poleshed and glased being by the order and apoyntment of Mr de Caus in 6 peceses, wroft to ccrten linghts at 125 the foot comes to 6£ i8s o — 4 foot of Archytrave at 8s the foot fraryly £ s d poleshed and glased i£ i2s 8 10 o
This marble work may either have been done for Wilton, or for the Earl of Pem- broke's house in London ; the wording of the sentence, however, suggesting the latter.
This 3 of June 1639 Agreed with Robert Pook for to work the monement of Mr John Cokes wyf of Alabaster and blak marbell acording to the plott, 6 foot wycd and 10 foott in hight and is to pake it up and helpe to shept it awa}T with Ser Edward Cokes monomentt, and to sett it up at Holcomc in Norfolk for the which he is to have tene pondes whar of he hath receved in pres the som of twynty shellcns and g£ mor as the work goes on ami shal be set up and fineshed, the blak marbell to be farly wroft p'lyshed and glased : in wettnes wharof he hath set his hand in the presents of 10 o o
The markc of— R P Robert Pooke
Witnes by me,
Anthony Ellis 1639. MURAI. MONUMENT TO MFRIAI.I. COKE AND OTHERS IN THF. CHURCH OF ST.
WlTHIBURGA, Hoi.KHAM, CO. NORFOLK. Pl.ATE XMI (tl).
Although Stone calls this the monument of Mr. John Coke's wife, it appears to have been erected also to the memory of her parents and grandparents.
John Coke was the fourth son of Sir Edward Coke, his wife Meriall being the daughter of Anthony Wheatley, of Hill Hall, Holkham, and Anne Armiger, and the grand-daughter of William Wheatley, Prothonotar}' in the Court of Common Pleas, and Martha Skinner ; and all these people, including John Coke himself, are represented on the monument.
The monument, which stands against the east wall of the south chapel, is constructed of alabaster and black marble. The upper portion is divided by narrovv pilasters into three compartments, in each of which are small effigies of a man and his wife kneeling on cushions at a faldstool, and above each pair a cartouche containing arms impaled. The
1 Brit Mus. Harl. MS. 6272.
128 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
compartment on the left contains the effigies of John Coke and Meriall, his wife, and the cartouche the arms of Coke and Wheatley; the middle compartment those of Anthony Wheatley and Anne, his wife, with the Wheatley and Armiger arms : and that on the right those of William Wheatley and his wife Martha, with the Wheatley and Skinner arms. John Coke wears a doublet, trunk hose, cloak, and collar; Anthony Wheatley the same, but with a ruff instead of collar ; and William Wheatley a doublet, an official gown with open sleeves, and ruff. Meriall Coke is in a bodice with full, slashed sleeves, gown, ruff, and long veil ; Anne Wheatley in farthingale, stomacher, tight sleeves, gown, mantle, ruff, and hood ; whilst Martha Wheatley wears a close gown, with tight sleeves, ruff, and close-fitting cap. The cornice has a straight-sided pediment enclosing a bust, possibly of Sir Edward Coke.
Beneath these compartments is a plinth with large panel containing a lengthy inscrip- tion ; and a sub-plinth, against which are the kneeling effigies of John Coke's children, six sons and nine daughters, sculptured in high relief. Meriall Coke died in July 1636.
The only note which we have referring to the monument is this sub-contract with Robert Pooke for working, polishing, and fixing it.
fol. 35* This 15 of Ma}' 1640 Thar was mesured at the Twor warfe
of blak marbell stepts mesored by John West by Mr Serveors command and Mr Carters1 apoyntment for the ues of St Palles foots Chearch stepts thatt cam from Dortt 407*
The position of these steps in the cathedral is not indicated, but it is possible that they were for the entrance to the choir.
fol. 34 b 8 of July 1640 Shepted for Yarmoth in Waters shept for the
ues of Mr, Paston 2 statues the on of Harcsules and the other of marcures of 6 foot | in'hight carved out of Porttland ston to stand £ upon petestalls rond to be sen on all sides 2$£ the pecs 50 oo o
for 2 Capetalles of portland ston to chever [cover ?] the petes- talls whar on the status ar to stand the petestalles being mad of Bruk in 8 cauces 2,£ IDS the peces 05 oo o
for 2 chest of deall bords to pak up the statuas in contarning 5 dalles a peces with nalles hoopes bords, straw workmanshept at i6s the peces 01 12 o
Caregs to the shept 55 the peces for wharefags 2s and port- trags 55 oo 17 o
57 09 o
These statues, which were placed in the gardens at Oxnead, have already been referred to on p. 69.
fol. 35 Sent downe to Kerby in Northampton shire, for the R'. Wor".
Sr. Christopher Hatton, in July and August 1640, these generall perticulars as followeing.
1 Francis Carter, chief clerk of works under Inigo Jones. He was surveyor of the works under Cromwell, and died soon after the Restoration. [Eo.]
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 129
Inprimis, One white Marble Table of Inscripcon for Mr Randall's monument, Being fairely moulded and wrought, and £ s d cut wth. a large Laurell wch did enclose the Inscripcon 10 oo o
Secondly. For the head of Apollo, fairely carved in Portland Stone, almost twise as bigge as the life 04 oo o
Thirdly. Layed out, and disbursed, For 6 Emperours heads, with there Pedestalles cast in Plaister, molded from the Antiques, for basketts, and straw and packing of them up, and sending of them away 07 10 o
Some 21 10 o payed u oo o
(John Stone.) Rest 10 10 o
1640. MURAI. TABLET TO THOMAS RANDOLPH IN HOLY TRINITY CHURCH, BLATHERWICK,
CO. NORTHANTS. Pl.ATE XLII (b).
This graceful and simple tablet was erected by Sir Christopher Hatton, afterwards Lord Hatton of Kirby, to the memory of Thomas Randolph, the poet and dramatist, who died at Blatherwick in March 1634-5, at tne age of 29. He was educated at West- minster and Trinity College, Cambridge. Amongst his writings may be mentioned Aristippus, The Conceited Pedlar, The Muse's Looking Glass, and The Jealous Lover.
The i6th of Aprill, 1641. For a Font of white Marble and Blacke Marble, wrought, and sett up in the newe Chapell in Tutthill feilds in Westminster, as followeth.
Imprimis. On the ground, one great broad stone of 4 foote long, 3 foote, and an halfe broad, and 8 inches thicke, wrought wth. a molding, whereon is placed a basement of Blacke Marble, And thereon a Pillar of white Marble, wch. doth support the bole of the Font, being 20 inches in diameter and i foote thicke, of white Marble, wth. a small hole through itt, and through the Pillar, and consequently, through the whole worke, to carrye the water away into a vault underneath itt. all w0"1. worke is fairely wrought, molded, pollished, and glased, and sett up in the place aforesaid for £ s d the price of 10 oo o
(John Stone.)
This font has already been referred to on p. 78 ; it is, however, interesting to note the pedantic and precise style in which the description of the font is written by the scholar, John Stone.
fol. 35 b November, 1640. Agreed wth. the Right Wor". William Paston
Esq. for the carveing and workeing of 3 Statues in Portland stone, Viz. Apollo, Juno, and Diana, 6 foote in hight, w"1. 3 Pedestalles vii. s
i3o ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
fitted to the 3 statues fairely moulded and wrought of Portland £ stone, for the price of 2$£ apeice 75 oo
Some is 75 oo The 25th. of Aprill, 1641.
For 3 chestes to Packe up the 3 aforesaid statues wch. con- £ s d
tayned 24 deale boardes, at is the board. 01 04 o
For hoopes, to hoope those chestes withall. oo 02 o
For Nayles of severall sortes. oo 06 o
For makeing of the chestes. oo 03 o
For strawe to packe withall. oo 02 o
For 3 cartes to carrye them to the water side. oo 15 o
For wharfeidg, and Cranidge there. oo 08 o
For mens helpe, at the loading of them away, and seeing of
them shipped. oo 10 o
For matt, and cords for the 3 Pedestalles. oo 06 o
For the Caridge of the three Pedestalles to the water side oo 05 o
For whiteing the Statues, and Pedestalles over in white lead,
and oyle 02 oo o
Some of the charge 06 01 o (John Stone.) Some totall is 8t 01 o
These statues, which were for Paston's gardens at Oxnead, have already been referred to on p. 69.
The i yth of June, 1641.
For the Lord bishop of Lincolne.
One hearth pace of White, and Blacke marble stones con- tayneing 8 foote, all squared, rubbed, pollished, glased, and layed £ s d at Westminster for the price 53 per foote, comes to 02 o o
(John Stone.)
Stone's client here was Dr. John Williams, the last Churchman who held the Great Seal. He was appointed Dean of Westminster in 1620, a preferment which he held until his death in 1650, notwithstanding that he also held the successive appointments of Lord Keeper from 1621 to 1625; the Bishopric of the great diocese of Lincoln from 1621 to 1641 ; and the Archbishopric of York from 1641 to 1650. It may be assumed that this hearth was laid at the Deanery.
fol. 36 Reaceived by tnee John Minsheu of Dublin gent of Nicholas
Stone of London esq the full sume of five pounds sterlinge to be payde unto the sayde Nicholas or his assignes upon Demand and this my hand doth witnes this i3th of febr: 1639
By mee John Minsheu
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 131
This appears to be merely an acknowledgement of a small sum temporarily advanced by Stone. The note itself is in the handwriting of John Minsheu.
This nth of July, 1642. a bill Delivered to Sr. William Paston, Kt. as followeth.
Since Aprill 1641, Delivered for the use of the Rl. Wor". Sir William Paston Kt. goodes to the value of 182^" ois o6d the Perticulars were
£ s d
1877 foote of Mitchelles, wch. at gd pr. foote comes to 70 07 09
58 foote of steppe, att 25 the foote 05 08 oo
403 foote of Ashlar, 10 inch, at is 3d the foote comes to 25 04 09
The Bill of the statues on that other leafe 81 01 oo
Some of all 182 01 06 Received TOO oo oo Received 058 oo oo
(John Stone.) Resteth in all 024 01 06
This 22 of May 1647 Received of Sr. William Paston Kt. bar", by the hands of Philipp Wood gent", the some of twenty foure £ s d pounds my ffather signed the accquittance 024 oo oo
in ffull of accounts to the day above written
(Nick: Stone, Jun.)
This last note, written by Nicholas Stone, jun., four months before his death, and three months before that of his father, is interesting owing to there being a gap of nearly five years between it and any previous entry in either of the two MSS. ; it shows also that no work had been executed for Stone's patron, Sir William Paston, later than the first half of 1642, suggesting that on the outbreak of the Civil War all work, excepting that of absolute necessity, was stopped.
fol. 36 b Xhe 9 of July 1641 Robartt Pook and his men at Wembelton
on day laying the galery hath pacs o 05 o
22 for poleshen and glasing the graye marbell hath paces in the greet chamber being 54 small stones that war taken up thar befor o 16 o
Delivred 2 plentes [plinths] of Blake marbell under the 2 plents of the Jeames the hath paces being layed 3 inches lower then it was befor IDS the pecs i oo o
for on varge of whitt marbell to inclos the hath paces 7 foot \ long and 2 foot at the ends in all n foot \ at 35 the foot i 14 6
for Rigatt Border and for the hath 10 foot o 10 o
for water carege to Putney of thes stones o 03 o
s 2
132 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
for 2 men wages to sett upright the chemny being much sounk and laying the hath pacs and border 0160
5 Q4 6
This work would probably have been done at the Manor House, Wimbledon. The manor was granted by Elizabeth in 1590 to Sir Thomas Cecil, first Earl of Exeter. He left it to his third son, Sir Edward Cecil, created in 1626 Baron Putney and Viscount Wimbledon, and on his death in 1639 the manor was sold by his heirs to Henry, Earl of Holland, and other trustees on behalf of Queen Henrietta Maria.1 It would be during the period of her ownership, therefore, that Stone carried out the work mentioned.
fol. 37 July 1639 Entred at the ofes att Scottland yard 30 stone
stares at Richmon at 12 [123 ?] the stept 89 iron cramps at is the crampe
This entry is too incomplete to afford much information, but it seems to report the delivery of the stone steps mentioned at Richmond Palace.
March 1640 Sent from London to Winsor for his ma"", ues £ s d 56 foot of Kentesh stept at sod the foot comes to the som of 04 15 o
at the sam tim sente don to Winsor 55 foot of purbeck paveing ston at 6d the foot comes to 01 07 6
In June 1641 sent done to Winsor porttland stone steptes for the 2 neches of the new gatt on the Tares [Terrace] walk the uper stept wroft compas and the other canted being sawing out of the holl [whole] Blok at 503 the pecs 05 oo o
at the sam tim sent the Kinges Armes carved in portland stone 3a foot hi and 2 foot 4 inches Broad in a compartement sheald with crone and garter and in riched with festones and leves in the compartment 05 oo o
and for on ston Roll for the Tares walk 00160
In May 1641 sent don to Winsor 56 foot of purbeck paving stone at 6d the foot comes to 01 08 o
17 16 6
The above are further notes of work executed and materials supplied at Windsor, the only item calling for notice being that of the carved panel of the Royal arms. Where it was fixed originally does not appear, but it can be identified with a shield which now stands in the yard of the Office of Works. It is boldly designed, but it is somewhat weather-worn, and a portion of the carving is broken away.
November 1641 on Chemney peces for the Right Honbl. Lady Countes of Carlill of whitt and Blak marbl sett up at Whitt Hall as followeth
1 'Lysons', Environs of London, 1792-96, vol. i, p. 523.
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 133
in bredth 4 foot 8 Inches and in hight 4!, the james 7 Inches broad and 9 Inches in to the chemney 2 plents of blak marbl on thim and the mantell i foot hi and 5 foot 10 Inches in linght all of on stone and a cornesh farly molded and wroft 5 Inches thick and 6 foot 8 Inches in linght all of on stone all being poleshed and £ s d glased and sett up for the prices of 14 oo o
Lucy, Countess of Carlisle, born 1599, died 1660, was the second daughter of Henry Percy, ninth Earl of Northumberland. She married in 1617 James Hay, Lord Hay, created Earl of Carlisle in 1622, who died in 1636. She was a great beauty and wit, holding a brilliant position in the court of Charles I, and it may be assumed from the above note that she had apartments in the Palace of Whitehall.
fol. 38 This nth of March, 1641. Agreed wth. Robert Fooke, for the
workeing of the Alabaster worke, and workeing, and pollishing the blacke marble, and newe glaseing the Rans Pillars, and for Packing up the Tombe of Mr. Berlasses, to bee all neately wrought by him, finding saweing and all workemanshippe, and helpeing to see it shipped, at, or before the last of July next ensuying the date hereof, for the which worke, being neately, well, and workman like performed hee is to have the price of Twelve poundes. 12 oo o
In witnesse whereof he
hath hereunto set his hand Robert Pooke
in the presence of mee
John Stone. (John Stone.)
The information given with regard to this monument is not sufficient to enable the individual or the locality to be identified.
It may be noted that this is the first and only occasion on which Robert Pooke has signed his name, he having on all previous occasions only made his mark.
George Vertue, the antiquary, has written on this page of the Account book the following interesting note relating to John Stone :
'This John Stone was youngest son of Nic. Stone Senior, & after the death of his Father & brothers, Nic. Stone Jun. Mason & Carver, & Henry Stone painter, who died 1653, this John Stone followed the business left by them, & livd in Long Acre.
He went to the King at Breda just before the Restoration to get a promise of the Master Mason or the Surveyor's place : there he was taken with the Palsey in a violent degree, which bereavd him of his limbs. He was brought over but was never capable to follow his affairs, & after some years dyd at St. Crosses Hospital near Winchester.'
This note has already been referred to in the account of John Stone on p. 28.
134 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
fol. 38 b A Bill for a Chimney peice, wrought, packed up and sent
downe into Yorke-shire in Anno 1640. And now set up, and finished in Anno 1642. For the Right Wor". Sir John Wolsten- holme, Knight, being write this 2 of May, 1642.
For one stone of Blacke Marble for the mantell of the chemney peece, being 9 foot in length, i foot in hight, and 6 inches thicke.
Two Jaumbes of Blacke Marble, with there Plinthes above and belowe 5 foote in hight, and one foote broad, and 6 inches thicke, being fairely pollished and glased at 125 the foote, being £ s d 20 foote edges and all. 12 oo o
For the saweing, and workmanshippe of a Moulding of white Marble to enclose the Blacke Marble chimney peice contayneing in length, toppe, and sides 22 foote and -|, and in thickenesse 9 inches and standeth out from the wall i foot, being all fairely pollished, and glased also, att IDS the foote comes to n 05 oo
For one Compartiment Sheild with armes, carved in white Marble, pollished, and glased, sett to hide the middle joynt of the white marble moulding 01 10 oo
for Rubbing, squareing, pollishing, and glaseing of 18 white marble stones for the hearth-pace of 15 inches square, at is 2d the peece 01 01 oo
For 4 strong Chestes, well hooped and the Packing up of the chemney-peece in them 01 oo oo
For Carridg to the water side, and shipping of it oo 10 oo
For a mans time for going downe, and setting of it up. For his horse hire, 26 dayes 04 16 oo
(John Stone.} Some is 32 02 oo
2 of May 1641 [1642] payed in full 30^".
fol. 39 An estimate of 10 chimney peices to bee made for the Right
Wor". Sir John Wolstenholme Knight, the Marble being his owne ; this 2 day of May, 1642.
One Chimney peice in the lower Gallerye of 6 foote wide, with in the Jaumbes.
Two others in the upper Gallerye of the same bignesse.
And one other of the same bignesse, in another rome accord- ing to severall plottes thereof chosen out of those wch. were for my Lord Coventrye, for saweing, workeing, pollishing and glaseing att 13^" a chimney comes to 5° °° °°
Sixe others of teenne poundes a peice, 60 oo oo
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 135
For Chestes and packing up, or oo oo
For Carridge, and shipping, [09 oo oo]?
For a mans goeing downe to set them up, 07 oo oo
(John Stone.) it was Somed to 129 oo oo
By an indenture dated 8 July, 1629, Sir Francis Ireland and others conveyed Nostell Priory to Sir John Wolstenholme of London, Kt, for the sum of £10,000. On his death in 1639 the estate passed to his son John, M.P. for West Looe, Cornwall, who was knighted in 1633. His estate was ruined during the Civil Wars, and the property was purchased from him by Sir Rowland Winn, a London merchant, who later alienated it to his brother George, created a baronet at the Restoration.
The old Priory — a Priory of Augustinian Canons, founded in the reign of Henry I and dedicated to St. Oswald — was pulled down by the fourth baronet in the early part of the eighteenth century, a new house being erected from the design of James Paine, and the above-mentioned chimney-pieces destroyed.1
There is a slight discrepancy in the figures of the estimate, the total of which should be ;£i2o instead of £129, unless the cost of carriage, to which no price is attached, should have been £g.
fol. 40 This i8th of September 1642 Receved from the hands of
Mr. Henry Weekes paye master of his Maties. Workcs io.£ o o and is by the apoyntmentt of my lady Baskerfille, being in full for the monement sett up in St. Palles London for Sir Simon Basket- feld and I alow other io.£ for formor cortesies receved from Sir Simon Basketfeld in my seknes for the which he refused to receve any reward zo£
1642. MURAL TABLET TO SIR SIMON BASKERVILLE IN ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL, LONDON.
PLATE XLII (d).
The design of this tablet is somewhat debased, but the execution is good. It was originally fixed on a pier in the north aisle of the choir, but is now in the crypt, in the south-east bay of the apse, and is one of the few monuments which escaped the Great Fire.
Sir Simon Baskerville, of Exeter College, Oxford, was a Proctor of the University in 1606, and took his M.D. degree in 1611. He was knighted by Charles I, and died in July 1641, aged 68 years.
The illness to which Stone refers was probably that mentioned by him in his short diary quoted on p. 80, where he states that on February n, 1640-1, he fell ill of a fever and kept his chamber for twelve weeks.
This 28 of September 1642 Receved of Mr Henry Weeks by the apoyntment of Mrs. Balding 2o£ and is in partt and the first payment toward the making of a monement in memorall of Mr Baldwing desesed which is to be sett up at Barkhamsted in harford shear for the which is to be payed 40^" lese thin I had for Sir John
1 Nichols, Progresses of James I, vol. i, p. 537 n.
136 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
Couts it being the sam modell and the Coveant is wretes on the plott Shee is to pay for caregs to the plas 2o£
1642. MURAL TABLET TO THOMAS BALDWIN IN THE CHURCH OF SS. MARY AND PETER, BERKHAMSTED, co. HERTS. PLATE XLII (c).
This is a simple but well-designed monument, constructed of white marble with a large inscription-tablet of black marble. The cornice has a broken segmental pediment enclosing an achievement of arms, there being also two small cartouches in the spandrils below the cornice. The monument is now fixed on the south wall of the nave, close to the western gallery ; but Salmon, in his History of Herts, mentions it as being ' at the entrance to the body of the church ', and describes it as 'a large monument of black and white marble with marble doors standing open supported by two effigies ' ; in refixing the monument, therefore, in its present position the doors and effigies were removed. It is not easy to reconstruct in one's mind the original design, but there are traces of the outer member of the monument having been tampered with, and the corbels now supporting it are modern. The point could probably have been cleared up if the locality of the monument to Sir John Couts, of which it was a copy, could be ascertained ; this, however, has not so far been the case, and it rather points to the incompleteness of Stone's record that, beyond this incidental reference to it, Sir John Couts's monument is not mentioned in either of his MSS.
Thomas Baldwin, gentleman, of Herts, was a Controller of his Majesty's Works. He was born in 1568 and died in June 1641.
This is the last entry by Nicholas Stone in the MS. Following it are a few entries made by Charles Stoakes, dating from 1669 to 1676, of small repairs carried out by him, which, being of no interest, are not recorded here. Stoakes then gives the following list of the principal works carried out by his great-uncle :
fol.43b Some of the most Eminentt Workes that my Uncle Mr Nickcolas Stone
Senior did in England in Holland and Scottland
The Banqueting Roome att Whitehall.
The Chappell at St James House, now standing.
The Staires & Water gate att Sumerset House.1 Hee made the fingure Nilus,
& Mr Kerne the other. The fine Mozaicke pavemt. & Geometriall Staires, & many other workes hee
did for the Qeene at Greenwiche house.
1 The inclusion in this list of such definite Inigo Jones works as the Banqueting House (1619-22), Queen's House, Greenwich (1617-35), and Somerset House (1632), as well as the Chapel of St. James (1623), which has close analogies to Jones's work, throws considerable doubt upon the interpretation which ought to be placed upon Stoakes's assertions.
There is in the Burlington- Devonshire collection at the R.I.B.A. a pencil sketch plan and side elevation, headed ' Measures of ye Water Stairs of Somerset House ', with some writing in ink by James Webb. In the same collection there is also a drawing of the York House Water Gate. This contains an elevation drawn in ink and a side view, in which a stone balustrade to the platform in front of the gate is introduced, as well as triangular buttresses or starlings (see Plate XLIV). It is doubtful if these features existed. The reverse of the sheet contains the plan, and the heading, 'Ground Plot and upright of ye Water Gate, York House, 1641,' in John Webb's handwriting.
PLATE XLIII
THK PORCH OF ST. M.\RY%S CHURCH, OXFORD.
(/>) GATEWAY AT THK 7.VWV.K KFRK, AMSTERDAM.
PLATE XL1V
(tl) THE FRONT ELEVATION.
SIDE VIF.W.
MEASURED DRAWING OF THE WATER GATE, YORK HOUSE, DATED 1641. PROBABLY BY JOHN WEBB.
(In the Burlington-Devonshire Collection at the K.I.B.A.}
ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE 137
The fine Uiall stands now Ruiend in the Prevy Garden at Whitehall. The
famous Mr Marr Erectd the Lines. Many eminent Marble Chimey peeces. Noble Stone Gates & fronttises hee did
for K. James the ith & K. Chares the ith at Theoballs, the house is downe. Hee did many stronge & good Stone worke, & Stone carvings at Windsor
Castle for the King, the K8. allowing him iad per day for ever, A free givft
to him & his heares, but sould to Mr Marshall in Mr John Stones life time. Thatt Noble Portico hee built at the west end of St Paules Churche, Mr Inigo
Jones his desine & Mr Stones care in performing the worke. The water Gate att Yorke house hee desined & built, & the Right hand Lion
hee did frontting the Thames, Mr Kearne a Jarman, his brother by marying
his sister did the shee Lion. Gould Smithes hall in Foster Lane hee desind & built, it stands betweene
4 streetes & never a Right angle without side &yett al square Roomes
Within side, with a Noble Entrance of the Doricke Order. Hee desined & built att Holy Rude House for K. James the ith in Scottland
many curious pavemts and other workes within side the K. House & was
well pade. The Curious Phisicke Garden hee desined & made the Entrances of Stone att
Oxford now to be scene. The Noble Fronttispeece with Twisted Collums hee desind & built at Stt Mary's
Churche att Oxford. In the same yeare hee desined Cornbury house in Oxford sheire hee went
33 Jorneyes for wch the lord Cornbury gave him a iooo,£ well paide. fol. 44 Hee desined & built many curious workes for the Earle of Pembrock at his
Hons. House att Wilton, near Salsbury & well paide. Hee Desined & built a fronttispeece at Westerne Kerke in Amsterdam for his
father in law Mr De Kizer Master Mason of that Citty, hee Carved the
2 Lions at the Churche, by doeng thim Mr De Kizer bestowed his
daughter on him & partt of her portion was all that portland stone that built
the frontt of the iner Courtt of the banqueting house at Whitehall, for
Mr. Dekizer had a great partt of the Quarrey then open in the He of portt-
land this I know.
The drawing has the appearance of being a measured drawing of that date, though there is an error in the depth of the Entablature, probably due to carelessness.
Colin Campbell says (Vit. Brit., 1715, vol. ii) 'this Gate was erected by the first Duke of Buckingham when Lord High Admiral of England, anno 1626, by Inigo Jones'. The Duke was assassinated 1628, and probably Inigo Jones had left London to join the King when this drawing was made by Webb as a record. The name of Inigo Jones is written on the mount, probably by the person who arranged and mounted the drawings.
John Webb (1611-1674) was a pupil and assistant of Jones, and married his kinswoman. He practised during the Commonwealth and after the Restoration, but retired in disgust on Wren's appointment as Surveyor-General. [Eo.]
VII. T
138 ACCOUNT BOOK OF NICHOLAS STONE
Hee did many more workes of Eminency in many places, for hee was maister mason of all the Kings houses & all the Cinke portes in England, now there are 3 maister masons, hee had 3 sonns, Hen. a fine painter, His 2d sonn Nickcolas a curious Sculptture, his youngest sonn was bred a scoller by docttor busby, hee was an Exelent Architectt.
writ by
Charles Stoakes
It will be noted that this list of Stoakes's is confined to structural work, no monuments being included. Of the fifteen works here recorded Stone himself omits all mention of nine: some of these were only executed by him in the capacity of Master Mason, under the direction of Inigo Jones, which may possibly account for his not making any reference to them ; but others, such as the rebuilding of the Goldsmiths' Hall, 1634, the new Frontis- piece to the porch of St. Mary's Church, Oxford, 1637, and the Water Gate, York House, c. 1626, were private commissions, and as they are all works of importance or interest, it is somewhat unaccountable that he should have forgotten to make note of them in his list of works, unless it was that his memory was at fault, and this omission might lead one to doubt the complete accuracy of Stoakes's statement. But in the case of one of the works — the Goldsmiths' Hall — we have confirmative evidence that the rebuilding was carried out under his superintendence as architect (see p. 10) ; and the fact that Stoakes has been proved to be correct in this instance gives some force to the probability that he rightly attributed the two other works to him. The disputed authorship of the new front to the porch of St. Mary's Church has already been alluded to on p. 70.
The following entries are from the Note-book. As Mr. Spiers explains (p. 80) John Stone used some of the blank pages of his father's note-book to make a record of his own works executed between 1650 and 1657. The first entry begins on the reverse of fol. 22. [Eo.]
MONUMENTS ERECTED BY JOHN STONE
In the yeare of our Lord 1653 my Brother and I made a tombe for the Lord Ashley for wch we had 6o£.
1653. ALTAR-TOMB TO JACOB, BARON ASTLEY, IN ALL SAINTS CHURCH, MAIDSTONE, co. KENT. PLATE XLV (/)).
This appears to be the only monument erected jointly by Henry and John Stone; the date given, 1653, being the year of Henry's death. John Stone provokingly does not mention where it was erected, and it is doubtful whether the name he gives Lord Ashley is correct, the first holder of that title being Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, who was created Baron Ashley in 1661, and Earl of Shaftesbury in 1672. It is probable, there- fore, that the monument erected by them was that to Lord Astley of Reading in All Saints' Church, Maidstone.
PLATE XLV
(a) ALTAR TOMBS TO SIR JOHN AND SIR PETER OSBORNE AND THEIR WIVES IN ALL SAINTS' CHURCH, CAMPTON, BEDFORDSHIRE. 1655.
(b) ALTAR TOMB TO JACOB BARON ASTLEY IN ALL SAINTS* CHURCH, MAIDSTONE, KENT. 1653.
PLATE XLVJ
MURAL MONUMENT TO EDWARD MARTYN IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, PUTNEY. 1655.
(b) MURAL MONUMENT TO ANNA LADY CLARKE IN ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH, SONN1NG, BERKS. 1654.
MONUMENTS ERECTED BY JOHN STONE 139
The monument, which is at the west end of the nave, is somewhat similar to those erected by Nicholas Stone to the Countess of Cumberland and to Sir John Wolstenholme. It consists of a large black marble slab on which is inlaid an achievement of arms carved in low relief in white marble. The slab is supported on four white marble balusters, standing on a black veined marble plinth. There is no inscription on the monument itself, but a tablet close by, on the west wall of the nave, describes the virtues of the deceased, and states that it was erected in 1653, a date which corresponds with that given by John Stone.
Sir Jacob Astley was the younger son of Isaac Astley of Melton Constable, an ancestor of Lord Hastings. He was born in 1579, and during the Civil War was an able commander on the royal side, commanding the foot-soldiers at the battle of Edgehill, and obtaining the rank of Major-General. In 1644 he was created Baron Astley of Reading. He married Agnes Imple, a lady of German descent, and died at the Old Palace, Maid- stone, in February 1651-2.
In 1654 I made a tombe for my Lady Clarke and sett it up at Sunning neare Reading, for wch I had 45^.
1654. MURAL MONUMENT TO ANNA, LADY CLARKE, IN ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH, SONNING, co. BERKS. PLATE XLVI (b).
A graceful mural monument of black and white marble in the north aisle. In an oval frame, decorated with a garland of laurel leaves, is a bust of Lady Clarke, a lady with strongly-marked features. The frame rests on a pedestal bearing a long inscription, and both are flanked by pilasters surmounted by an entablature decorated with three escutcheons, the two smaller ones bearing the arms of Clarke and Williams, and the centre one containing many quarterings.
Anna, Lady Clarke, was the daughter of John Williams of Marnhull, co. Dorset, citizen and goldsmith of London, and the wife of Sir John Clarke, of Abbotts Salford, co. Warwick, Bart. She died in 1653. Sir John married as his second wife Anna, daughter of Leonard Hooke, who died in 1667, an inscription to her memory being added at the bottom of the tablet. Sir John left no children, and the baronetcy passed to his brother Simon.
The other monuments to members of the Williams family were made by John Stone, of which hereafter.
In 1655 I made a tombe for Mr. Marty n in Putney church for which I had
1655. MURAL MONUMENT TO EDWARD MARTYN IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, PUTNEY, co. SURREY. PLATE XLVI (a).
A large tablet fixed on the west wall of nave, near the ceiling. It is of white marble, partly polished and partly dull, with veined black marble shafts. The cornice has a curved broken pediment with scroll ends enclosing an escutcheon of arms.
Edward Martyn died in April 1655, at the age of 68.
In 1655 I made two Tombes for Collonell Osborne his Grand-father and -mother, and his Father and mother, and set them up att Campton in Bedford
T2
i4o MONUMENTS ERECTED BY JOHN STONE
1655. ALTAR-TOMBS TO SIR JOHN OSBORNE AND HIS WIFE, DOROTHY, AND TO SIR PETER OSBORNE AND HIS WIFE, DOROTHY, IN ALL SAINTS' CHURCH, CAMPTON, CO. BEDFORD.
PLATE XLV (a).
A pair of monuments, similar in design, in a chapel on the north side of the chancel. They are of veined white marble, the more ornamental work being of statuary, and consist of plain altar-tombs, above which, against the wall, are large inscription-tablets surmounted by panels containing shields of arms with crests and mantling. At the sides are four cartouches containing arms, reminiscent of the work of John Stone's father.
The monument on the right is in memory of Sir John Osborne, Knt, of Chicksands, son of Peter Osborne. He was Treasurer's Remembrancer of the Exchequer, and Commissioner of the Navy, temp. James I. He married Dorothy, eldest daughter of Richard Barlee of Elsingham Hall, co. Essex. Sir John died in November 1628, at the age of 79, and his widow in May 1638, aged 76.
That on the left is to his son, Sir Peter Osborne, Knt., also Treasurer's Remem- brancer, and for twenty-eight years Governor of the Island and Castle of Guernsey under James I and Charles I. He married Dorothy, daughter of Sir John Danvers, of Dantsey, granddaughter of Lady Carey, whose beautiful monument Nicholas Stone executed in 1617 (see p. 47), and sister of Henry, ist Earl of Danby of Cornbury Park (see p. 71). Sir Peter died in March 1653-4, aged 68, and his wife in October 1650, aged 60.
In the same yeare I made a tombe for Mr Creswell att Newebottle church, Northtonshire for TOO/.
1655. MURAL MONUMENT TO JOHN AND ELIZABETH CRESSWELL IN ST. JAMES'S CHURCH, NEWBOTTLE, co. NORTHANTS. PLATE XLVII (c).
The monument, which stands against the east wall of the north aisle, is somewhat unusual in composition. On a shallow altar-tomb bearing a boldly-cut inscription is a sarcophagus, above it being another inscription-tablet with cornice supporting busts of John Cresswell and his wife. The busts are of statuary marble, polished ; they are excellent in execution, and have every appearance of being portraits. The main body of the monument is of veined white marble, and the altar-slab of touch. Above the busts is a cartouche containing the Cresswell and Wilcox arms, impaled.
John Cresswell, of Purston, co. Northants, married Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Rowland Wilcox of Lilburne, in the same county, by whom he had issue two sons and six daughters. He died in May 1654, at the age of 42, his widow erecting the monu- ment to his memory.
1 Formerly I made a little tombe of white marble being an eagle with an escutcheon on his brest sett up at Sunning in Berks for j£.
MURAL TABLET TO CARIUS WILLIAMS AND HIS SISTER IN ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH, SONNING, co. BERKS.
No name or date is mentioned by John Stone, but the eagle is easily identified, close to the monument erected to Lady Clarke in 1654 (see p. 139). The tablet consists of a white marble spread-eagle carrying a shield against its breast, beneath it being an inscription-panel. It was erected by Sir John Williams, Bart., in memory of his brother Carius, and a sister unnamed, Anna, Lady Clarke, being another sister.
Although the inscription suggests that Carius and his sister were buried in the church, there is no entry of the fact in the registers ; from the wording of the next entry of John Stone it seems likely that the tablet was erected in 1650.
1 Commencement of fol. 23. [ Eo.J
PLATE XL VI I
(a) MURAL TABLET TO SIR JOHN HEIG- HAM IN ALL SAINTS* CHURCH, HARROW, SUFFOLK. CCt. 1650.
I/I) MURAL TABLKT TO LIONEL AND ANNA BACON IN ST. ETHELBKRT's CHURCH, HESSETT, SUFFOLK. 1653.
If) MURAL MONUMENT TO JOHN AND ELIXABETII CRESSWELL IN ST. JAMES'S CHURCH, NEWBOTTLE, NORTHANTS.
MURAL TABLET TO SIR JOHN WILLIAMS IN THE TEMPLE CHURCH, LONDON. 1656.
MONUMENTS ERECTED BY JOHN STONE 141
Also I made a tombe in 1650 or thereabouts for Sir John Higham and sett it up at Barrow in Suffolke, for wch I had 40^.
c. 1650. MURAL TABLET TO SIR JOHN HEIGHAM IN ALL SAINTS' CHURCH, BARROW, co. SUFFOLK. PLATE XLVII (a).
A tablet of white and black marble on the south wall of the chancel. The general proportion of the design is good, but the detail is debased.
Sir John Heigham, Knt, who was the son of Sir Clement Heigham, Speaker of the House of Commons in 1554, died in May 1626, in his ninety-eighth year. The tablet was erected by his great-grandson Clement.
In 1653 I made a little monu. for Mr Bacon and sett it up att Hessett in Suffolk for 30^.
1653. MURAL TABLET TO LIONEL AND ANNA BACON IN ST. ETHELBERT'S CHURCH, HESSETT, co. SUFFOLK. PLATE XLVII (b).
A white and black marble tablet in a chapel on the south side of the chancel. It is well executed, but is too fanciful in design.
Lionel Bacon of Hessett and his wife, Anna, to whom the tablet was erected, died respectively in 1651 and 1653. The coat of arms on the shield indicate that his family, by whom the church was built, were not connected with the Bacons of Redgrave.
In An. 1656 I made a little monument for sir Francis Mansell and sett it up in St Gregory's by Pauls, for which I had 2o£.
1656. MONUMENT TO SIR FRANCIS MANSELL, BART., IN THE CHURCH OF ST. GREGORY NEXT ST. PAUL'S.
N
This monument was presumably destroyed when the church was taken down after the Great Fire.
Sir Francis Mansell, of Muddlescombe, co. Carmarthen, Bart., was the second son of Sir Edward Mansell, Knt. He married, firstly, Catherine, daughter of Henry Morgan, and, secondly, Dorothy, daughter of Alban Stepney. He was created a baronet in 1622.
In An. 1656, I sett up a little Tombe in the Temple church for Sir John Williams and had for it io/. It was an Eagle of white marble &c.
1656. MURAL TABLET TO SIR JOHN WILLIAMS IN THE TEMPLE CHURCH, LONDON.
PLATE XLVII (d).
This tablet, formerly on the south wall of the choir, but now in the triforium, resembles very closely that erected to Carius Williams at Sonning (see p. 140), and the arms are the same in both cases. Both are novel and appropriate treatments for the disposal of the shield, the eagle, displayed, being one of the devices in the Williams arms.
Sir John Williams, Knt., of Minster Court, Kent, was a member of the Inner Temple, and served the office of High Sheriff of Kent in 1667. He died unmarried in the Temple on February 27, 1668-9, and> according to Dr. Wood,1 ' was buried in the church under Mr. Denne's monument near the Saints' bell, the 26th of March, 1669 ', a month after his death !
1 Register of Burials at the Temple Church. By Rev. H. G. Woods, 1905.
142 MONUMENTS ERECTED BY JOHN STONE
1 In Ano. 1656, I sett up aTombe for Sir Edward Spencer att Brainton neare Althrop in Northamptonshire for wch I had 64^".
1656. MONUMENT TO SIR EDWARD SPENCER IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, GREAT BRINGTON, CO. NORTHANTS. PLATE XLVIII (b).
A monument of unusual, and not very attractive, design, executed in veined white marble, and standing in the Spencer Chapel. The monument is allegorical in conception, and its form was doubtless dictated by the donor. The half-length figure of Sir Edward is presumably rising out of the urn of the resurrection, he wears the breastplate of righteousness, his right arm rests on a four-square pillar — the Word of God — and his left hand on the Bible, standing on the pillar of truth.
Sir Edward Spencer, Knt, was the youngest son of Robert, first Baron Spencer, and brother of the second Baron, William, whose sumptuous monument Nicholas Stone executed in 1638. He died in February 1655, at the age of 61, his monument being erected by his widow, Maria, daughter of John Goldsmith of Wilby, co. Suffolk.
The same year I sett up a Tombe att Belstead near Ipswich, for Mrs Blosse for wch I had 2o£.
Another in the same place for his father and mother io/.
1656. MURAL TABLETS TO ELIZABETH, WIFE OF THOMAS BLOSSE, AND TO TOBIAS BLOSSE AND HIS WIFE, ELIZABETH, IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, BELSTEAD, co. SUFFOLK.
PLATE XLIX (b) and (c).
John Stone's meaning is not very clearly expressed, but the tablets themselves show that the former was erected to Elizabeth, the second wife of Thomas Blosse, and the latter to his parents, Tobias and Elizabeth Blosse. The tablet to Mrs. Blosse is of white marble. The inscription is contained in a slightly convex oval panel surrounded with drapery, and above it is a shield containing the arms of Blosse and Darcy, impaled. Below the panel are small kneeling figures, quaintly carved, of Thomas Blosse and his wife, their two sons and three daughters. The tablet to Tobias Blosse and his wife is a very simple one, also of white marble, its form suggesting a suspended hatchment.
Tobias Blosse of Belstead was the son of Thomas Blosse of Ipswich. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Siclemore of Ipswich, and died in January 1630-1, leaving two sons, Thomas and Tobias, and several daughters. Thomas Blosse, the eldest son, married firstly, Mary, daughter of William Cage, by whom he had one son and one daughter, and, secondly, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Robert Darcy of Dartford, Knt., by whom he had two sons and three daughters. She died in 1653, aged 40.
1657 I sett up a Tombe att Sunning for 2 children of Mr Rich of that place, for which I had payd ioo£.
1657. MURAL TABLET TO CHARLES AND ELIZABETH RICH IN ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH, SONNING, co. BERKS. PLATE XLVIII (a).
This tablet, of white and grey marble, is in the organ chamber, its confined and dark position preventing a good representation of it being taken. A bold oval frame of laurel leaves encloses a slightly convex panel, the long inscription on which is now almost illegible. At the sides are twisted columns with enriched Doric capitals of graceful design, supported on corbels and carrying an entablature with a heavily-moulded cornice. Above it are two urns similar in form to that of the Spencer monument, and a cartouche containing the Rich arms.
1 Fol. 23 reverse. [Eo.]
PLATE XLVIII
(tt) MURAL TABLET TO CHARLES AND ELIZABETH RICH IN ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH, SONNING, BERKS. 1657.
(/>) MONUMENT TO SIR KDWARD SPENCER IN ST. MARY's CHURCH, GREAT BRINGTON, NORTHANTS. '656.
PLATE XLIX
(<t) MURAL TABLET TO SIR JOHN BANKS IX CHRIST CHURCH CATHEDRA!., OXFORD. 1654.
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.
(/>) MURAL TABLI:T TO TOBIAS BLOSSE AND HIS WIFE, ELIZABETH, IN ST. MARY'S CHURCH, BELSTEAD,
SUFFOLK. 1656.
MURAL TABLET TO ELIZABETH, WIFE OF THOMAS BLOSSE, IN ST. MARY's CHURCH, BELSTEAD. 1656.
MONUMENTS ERECTED BY JOHN STONE 143
Charles and Elizabeth Rich, who died in 1655 and 1656 respectively, were the infant children of Sir Thomas Rich, a Turke)- merchant who assisted the Royalist cause during the Civil War, and was created a baronet in 1661. He married Elizabeth Cokayne, and died in 1667.
In An. 1654, I sett up a little Compartim. Monum. of white marble for Sir John Bankes in Christ Church in Oxford. 50^.
1654. MURAL TABLET TO SIR JOHN BANKES IN CHRIST CHURCH CATHEDRAL, OXFORD.
PLATE XLIX (a).
This tablet, which is of statuary marble, is in the south aisle of choir. The design takes the form of a large cartouche, and though the scheme is somewhat fussy the component parts are well grouped, and the execution is excellent.
Sir John Bankes was educated at Queen's College, and later became Attorney- General and Chief Justice of Common Pleas. He was knighted in 1630, and died at the
°f 55 in l644-
THE WILL OF NICHOLAS STONE
Extracted from the Principal Registry of the Probate Divorce and Admiralty Division of the High Court of Justice.
In the Prerogative Court of Canterbury.
IN THE NAME OF GOD AMEN the thirtyth day of Januarie in the yeare of our Lord God One thowsand six hundred and forty and in the sixteenth yeare of the raigne of our Soveraigne Lord Charles by the grace of God King of England Scotland France and Ireland Defender of the faith &c.
I, NICHOLAS STONE of the parish of St Martin in the Feildes in the county of Midd. Esquier Master Mason unto his Matie knowinge the uncertainty of my life findinge my bodie disposed to bee sickley but my memory perfect thankes bee to God for the same doe for the setlinge that worldly estate which it hath pleased God to endowe mee wth ordaine this my last will and testament in forme following revokinge all other wills and testaments by mee formerly made First I committ my soule into the hands of Almighty God having by the merittes death and passion of my Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ to bee accompted amongst the number of the elect Saints unto whom shal bee pronounced (at the great day of Judgment) that glorious sayinge come yee blessed of my Father inherit! the Kingdome prepared for you from the begininge of the world and I commend my body to the earth from whence ytt came to bee buryed in such decent manner as ytt shall please Marie my most deere wife one of my executors heereafter and herein named to thinke fitt and appointe And as concerninge my guiftes grauntes and bequestes as hereafter followeth touching my worldly estate as well reall as personal!
First I bequeath unto the sayd parish of St Martin in the Fieldes in the county of Midd. to bee distributed amongst the poore people of the same parish by the churchwardens and overseers l (tenn pounds lawfull monie that is to say five pounds thereof breade and Jive pounds residue in monie
Item I give to the companie of free masons London tenn pounds of like monie to be payed them within si.\ monthes next after my decease
Item I give and bequeath unto my lovinge and kinde freind Mr Henry Wickes of the saide parish gent five pounds to buy him a ringe to wcare in remembrance of me
To Mr. John Every Serjaunt Plunimcr to his Matie twenty shillings to buy him a ringe
To Mr Andrewe Burden twenty shillingcs alsoe to buy him a ringe
To Mr Thomas Bayley glazier unto his Matie likewise twentie shillinges to buy him a ringe
And to Mr Symon Basell 6° his wife of Greenewhich in the County of Kent forty shillinges to buy each of them ringes
Item I give to Elizabeth Goodricke the nowe wife of Mathewe Goodricke the elder of the said parish of St Martin three pounds
Unto Jane Larkyn the wife of Christofer Larkyn three pounds
And unto Charles Stokes my kinsman three pounds
Unto my Goddaughter Barbera Waterer five pounds to make her a gounde
Unto my Goddaughter Elizabeth the daughter o/Cleophas Herne five pounds
Item I give unto Gabarill Stacie and Anne his wife tenn pounds
Unto John Groceman and Susan his wife tenn pounds
Unto Grace the nowe wife of Andrewe Kerne and all her children tenn pounds vist. five pounds to herself and the other five pounds amongst her children
1 The following portion of the Will, in italics, was erased in 1643, when Stone added a codicil, and the next sentence, between inverted commas, was substituted.
THE WILL OF NICHOLAS STONE 145
To Elizabeth Hearn wife of Cleophas Hearn in consideration of her ivatchinge and the greate paincs shce hath taken with mee in the time of my sicknesse the somnie of tenn pounds
Item I give unto my servants Robert Parke Thomas Morlin Anthonie Ellis Esias Usher every one of them twenty shillinges and to every other of my servants two shillinges and sixpence a peece at the discretion of my said wife
Item I give unto Nicholas Hill my poore boy sen<anl and Godchild tenn pounds to bee payed him at the expiracion of his apprenticeshippe soe that he serve out his apprenticeshippe faithfully and well
Item I give unto my moste lovinge freind John IVaterer of the said parish of St Martin in the Feilds marchant twenty pounds whomc I doe hereafter and herein nominate to bee one other of my Executors and this is for his paines and greate rare which I am well resolved of that hce will take (if it shall please God to endue him with life) in and about the execution of this my last will and testament) ' I leave att the discretion of the executors as they shall thinke good for this and all legacyes'
Item I give unto my lovinge sonne John Stone two hundred poundes to bee payd him within three yeares next after my decease out of such monie as shall bee payd to my executors as debts owinge to mee not doubting but that yf my sonne shall endeavour to doe himselfe good and please his mother but that shee wil bee helpinge to the advancement of his porcion.
Item I give unto my three sonnes Henry Stone Nicholas Stone and the sayd John Stone all my bookes manuscripts draughtes designes instrumentes and other thinges thereunto belonginge which nowe remayne in my studie in my nowe dwelling howse to bee equally divided amongst them share and share alike and then lotte to bee cast amongst them for those shares And if any of my sayd sonnes doe 'decease before the sayd division then my will is that the survivors or survivor shall have and enjoy the rest of the shares.1
All the rest and residue of my goods personall which are called chatties personall herein not before by mee given or bequeathed I doe hereby give devise and bequeath unto my sayd deere wyfe Mary Stone and to my sayd twoe sonnes Henry and Nicholas Stone after my debtes legacyes and funerall expences payd and discharged to bee equally parted and devided amongst them share and share alike And yf ytt shall please God that eyther of my sayd sonnes Henry and Nicholas to departe this lyfe before the parting, and devidinge of the sayd shares Then my will and meaning ys that the other of my sayd sonnes Nicholas or Henry wch of them shalbee livinge shall have the other in- tended part of his sayd brother of the sayd personall estate when ytt ys devided into three equal parts
And whereas I am possessed of an estate in chattells reall that is to say of and in one howse and garden plott in the howldinge and possession of the sayd Gabriell Stacey of and one other howse and garden plott in the howldinge and possession of Thomas Kinward joyner and of and in one other house and garden plott in the howldinge and possession of Katherine Kellett widdowe all of them lying scituate and beinge in the said parish of St Martin in the Feildes leased unto mee by the Lord Leppington nowe Earle of Monmowth I doe heereby give and devise the same and every part thereof and all other my leases of what kinde soever unto my sayd deere wyfe and my lovinge sonne Nicholas Stone and the remaynder of all the tearme of yeares and time in the same yett to come and unexpired and to the longer liver of them
And whereas I am lawfully seized of an estate in fee simple of and in all those three howses nowe in the howldinge tenure possession or occupacion of Edward Turney or his assignes scituate and being in Red Rose and White Rose Streete in the parish of St Martin in the Feildes with all and singular thappurtenances, beinge builded upon lands graunted in fee farm from the Earle of Bedford and by mee purchased from Richard Harris, And alsoe of and in one parcell of grounde lyinge in White Rose Streete in the sayd parish fronting uppon Long Acre and adjoyning unto the ground of Robert Boys Esquire whereuppon .two howses are built and one parte of the ground remayneth unbuilt uppon being all parte of the said fee farme and likewise purchased of the sayd Harris I doe give will and bequeath the said five howses and the sayd parcell of ground with all and every the appurtenances unto my lovinge sonne Henry Stone to hold to him and the heires of his body lawfully begotten or to bee begotten And for want of such issue then to my lovinge sonne Nicholas Stone to hold to him and the heires of his body lawfully begotten or to bee begotten
1 Another clause occurs in the Will at this point, which was afterwards cancelled. VII. U
146 THE WILL OF NICHOLAS STONE
And for want of such yssue then to my lovinge sonne John Stone to howld to him and the heires of his body lawfully to be begotten and for want of such yssue then to the right heires of mee the sayd Nicholas Stone partie to these presents for ever. Provided neverthelesse and upon condicion and ytt is my intent and meaning that my sayd sonne Henry shall forthwth uppon his retorne into England from beyond the Seas give his bond of two hundred pounds sufficiently executed in lawe unto my deere wyfe his mother as shalbee advised by her councell learned in the lawes to pay unto her every yeare halfe yearly or quarterly att the fowre usuall feastes or some of them duringe the naturall lyfe of my sayd wyfe the somme of tenn poundes lawfull English money if in case shee shall soe long continewe the widdowe of mee the sayd Nicholas Stone and not otherwayes and if ytt shall soe happen that the premisses by mee last devised shall come unto my sonne Nicholas or to my sonne John by vertue of this my sayd will or to any of them by discent from any of their brothers withowt the limitacion of my sayd will or other wayes then my will ys that my sayd sonnes Nicholas or John or one of them as the case shall require give bond of two hundred pounds unto my sayd wife to pay unto her tenn poundes yearly or quarterly during her naturall life as before herein is expressed in case she shall soe long continewe my widdow and not otherways.
And whereas I am lawfully seized in fee simple of and in all that messuage or tenement wherein I now dwell with thappurttenances and of and in three messuages or tenements lately erected uppon a parcel of ground parcell of the fee farme lately by mee purchased of the Earle of Bedford parte whereof adjoyneth unto the wall of the stables belonging to the Earle of Pembroke and Mountgomery scituate and being in the sayd parish of St Martin in the Feildes and fronting towardes Long Acre in the said parish on the North part and part thereof openinge into the streete now called White Rose Streete on the west parte I do will give devise and bequeath the sayd messuages or tenements parcell of grounds and buildings and fee farm wth thappurtenances unto my loving sonne Nicholas Stone To hold to him and the heires of his bodie lawfully begotten or to bee begotten and for want of such yssue then to my lovinge sonne Henry Stone and to the heires of his body lawfully begotten or to be begotten and for want of such issue then to my loving sonne John Stone to hold to him and to the heires of his body lawfully to be begotten And for want of such issue then to the right heires of mee the sayd Nicholas Stone partie to these presentes for ever Provided that my kinsman George Paddon nor none of his issue shall inherit any my freehowld landes before mencioned Provided alsoe neverthelesse and it is my intent and meaning hereby that my sayd sonne Nicholas Stone shall forthwith uppon his retourne into England from beyond the seas give like bond of three hundred poundes in due forme of lawe as before expressed unto my most lovinge wyfe Marie Stone to pay unto her twenty poundes halfe yearly or quarterly at the feastes afforesayd during the natural lyfe of my sayd wyfe yf in case shee shall soe long continue unmarryed and the widdowe of mee the sayd Nicholas Stone and not otherwise And that my sayd wyfe shall duringe her sayd widdowhood have and enjoy the best two chambers in the howse wherein I now dwell and the convenient use of all or any the roomes in the same house.
And be itt allsoe provided that yf any of my sayd sonnes shall refuse or neglect to performe my sayd will in givinge bond to my sayd wyfe to the effect afforesayd then I doe heereby give and graunt devise and bequeath all and every my sayd freehold landes unto the sayd John Waterer and his heires and that hee the sayd John Waterer shall stand and be seised and his heires of and in all and every the same premisses with the appurttennances to the intent and purpose followinge that is to say pay unto my sayd wyfe in the default of any of my sayd sonnes or any of them out of the sayd freehowld lands hereby formerly given unto my sayd sonne Henry the sayd somme of tenn poundes yearly to bee payd as before herein ys expressed, and out of the freehold landes hereby formerly given unto my sayd sonne Nicholas the sayd somme of twentie poundes yearelie to bee payd as aforesayd And this in case my sayd wyfe shall continue and remaine the widdow of me the sayd Nicholas Stone and not otherwise but in case my sayd wife after my decease shall marrie that then the estate of the sayd John Waterer and of his heires shall absolutely cease determine and be voyd in all construccion of lawe to all intents and purposes. And I doe by this my sayd will and testament ordaine my sayd wyfe Marie Stone my sayd sonnes Henry Stone and Nicholas Stone . . .' to take 1 Another clause occurs in the Will at this point, which was afterwards cancelled.
THE WILL OF NICHOLAS STONE 147
the Probate of this my Will and Testament uppon them or eyther of them and execution thereof All the rest and residue of all my goodes cattle and chattells not herein and heereby formerly bequeathed I give and bequeath to my sayd wyfe IN WITNESSE whereof and of this my last will and testament I the sayd Nicholas Stone partie of these presents have to every sheete of paper contayninge five sheetes whereof this being one subscribed my name and fixed my scale the day and yeare first above written - NICHO STONE -
MEMORANDUM that this was published to bee the last will and testament of the sayd Nicholas Stone in the presentes of us
Isa Wright Cleophas Hearnes Anthony Ellis Thos Gilbert Scr.
This 24th of August 1643 I have revewed this my will and I am resolved that the will shall stand to my wyfe and three sonnes and for nothing els for all legacyes I confirme none but leave all to the discrecon of the executors the which I appoint to bee my loving wife Marie Stone and my two sonnes Henry and Nicholas Stone and the reason I take of the legacyes ys some are deade and some have benn otherwise satisfyed, and all the rest after my debts payd and a decent funerall I leave att their disposes And that ys my last will and testament And I sett my hand and scale in the presence of those whose names are here under wrytten - NICHO - STONE —
Note. The Witnesses names are not given on this copy PROVED : „/ the Will.
loth February 1647 [old style]
Examined and agrees with the original will J. S. L. South wood Ja. Ireland
14 Feb. 1647.
Reed, original Will to the use of Henry his only surviving Exor.
Ja. Ireland.
U 2
INDEX TO THE CHURCHES AND HOUSES WHERE WORK
WAS EXECUTED BY NICHOLAS STONE, ARRANGED
ACCORDING TO COUNTIES
LONDON AND WESTMINSTER.
Aldersgate Street. Countess of Home.
Chimney-pieces . . . • n? All Hallows, London Wall.
A Font . • 78
Charter House.
Monument to Thomas Sutton . . 40
Wall Tablet to John Law . . 40
Goldsmiths' Hall, Foster Lane.
Designed and built by him [C.
Stoakes] . .136
Holborn, Brokehouse. Lord Broke.
A Dial . . '49
Holborn, Hatton House. Duchess of Richmond.
3 Chimney-pieces . . • 69
A Stone Staircase . . . 101
Royal Exchange.
Statues of Edward I, Richard III,
Henry VIII, and Elizabeth . 57 St. Andrew, Undershaft.
Monument to Mr. Hareson . 78
A Font 78, 87
St. Benet, Paul's Wharf.
Monument to Mr. Samson . . 80 St. Clement Danes.
Wall Tablet to Mrs. Donne . . 50 St. Dunstan, Fleet Street.
Monument to Sir Richard Hutton . 78 St. Giles in the Fields.
Tomb for Mr. Slode . 50
St. Helen, Bishopsgate.
Monument to Sir Julius Caesar 74, 105 St. James's Palace.
The Chapel |C. StoakesJ . . 136
A Dial 49
St. Margaret, Lothbury.
Tomb for Alderman Stiles . . 51 St. Martin in the Fields.
Tomb for Sir George Coppin . . 63 St. Mary, Aldermanbury.
Tomb for Sir Thomas Hayes . . 45 St. Michael, Crooked Lane.
Tomb for Mr. Withins . . 74
St. Olave, Jewry.
Tomb for Sir Thomas Campbell . 42 St. Paul's Cathedral.
The Inigo Jones Portico [C. StoakesJ 136
Black Marble Steps . . 128
Monument to Dr. Donne . . 64
Monument to Sir Simon Baskerville 135
Savoy Palace (?). Lady Stafford.
Chimney-piece ..... 121 Somerset [or Denmark] House. Her
Majesty.
Chimney-piece for the Queen's Bed- chamber ..... 86 Marble Paving and Steps . 100, 101, 104 Masonry to the Chapel . . .121 Water Gate [C. StoakesJ . . . 136 Work to the Fountain . . . 105 Tart Hall, St. James's. Alethea, Countess
of Arundel.
Building of the House . . 125,126 Westminster Abbey. '
Monument to Edmund Spenser . 54 ,, to Francis Holies . . 54
„ to Sir George Holies . 54 Wall Tablet to Sir Richard Coxe . 55 „ to Isaac Casaubon . 55
Monument to Sir George Villiers and the Countess of Bucking- ham .... 60, 89, 90, 91 Monument to Dudley Carleton, Visct.
Dorchester. .... 77 Westminster, the New Chapel in Tuthill Fields.
A Font 78, 129
Westminster, The Deanery. Bishop of
Lincoln.
White and Black Marble Hearth . 130 Whitehall.
Master Mason for the new Ban- queting House . . . 49, 136 The Dial in the Privy Garden . 49, 136 Whitehall. Countess of Carlisle.
Chimney-piece . . . . .132 York House, Strand.
The Water Gate [C. Stoakes] . . 136
BERKSHIRE.
Badley.
Monument to Sir William and Lady
Stonehouse .... 72 Sonning Church.
Tomb for Dr. Wright . 52
Windsor Castle.
Purbeckand Headington Stone 106, 107, 132 Cantilevers and Landings for a Bal- cony .... • i 06 Stone Chimney-piece. Marble
Hearths 106
INDEX TO CHURCHES AND HOUSES
149
Windsor Castle — (continued).
Statue of Diana .... 106 Stone Steps . . . . -132 Panel of the Royal Arms in Portland
Stone ...... 132
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. Great Missenden Church.
Monument to Lady Boys, relict of Sir
Wm. Boys . . . . .119
ESSEX.
Chelmsford [one mile this side of j .
Tomb for Mr. Penson ... 56 Theobalds. King James I, and King
Charles I.
Rebuilding the Fountain . . 49
Marble Chimney-pieces, Gate Piers,
&c. [C. Stoakes] . . -136 Walthamstow.
Monument of Sir Thos. and Lady
Merry . . . ./ . 67
HAMPSHIRE.
Porchester.
Tomb for Sir Thomas Cornwallis . 51
HERTFORDSHIRE.
Berkhamsted. SS. Mary and Peter.
Monument to Thomas Baldwin . 135 Hatfleld Church.
Monument to William Curie . . 50 Watford Church.
Monument to Sir Chas. Morison, Kt. 48 „ to Sir Chas. Morison, Bt.,
and his wife . . 60
KENT.
Boughton Monchelsea.
Monument to Sir Francis and Lady
Barnham ..... 94 Canterbury Cathedral.
Mural Tablet to Orlando Gibbons . 63 Charlton Church, by Greenwich.
Monument to Sir Adam Newton, Bt. 65 Chilham Church, near Canterbury.
Monument to Mary, wife of Sir Dudley
Digges . . . . 85, 86, 90 Also some work to the private Chapel 85 Dover Castle, St. Mary's Church.
Tomb for Henry Howard, Earl of
Northampton ... -38 Eastwell Church.
Monument to Sir Heneage Finch . 88 Greenwich Palace.
Purbeck Paving of the Terrace
Walk . ... 113, 114
Marble Paving in the Great Square
Room 1 13, 1 14
Marble and Stone Hearths, Chimney- piece . . . . . 118, 119
Greenwich Palace-— (continued).
The fine Mosaic Paving, and the Geo- metrical Stairs [C. Stoakes] . 136 Mcrsham Hatch, near Ashford.
Monument to Bridget, second wife of
Sir Norton Knatchbull . . 71 Winghatn Church, near Canterbury.
Monument to Sir Thomas Palmer, Kt. 67
LINCOLNSHIRE.
Crowland Abbey.
Monument to Mr. Molesworth . . 51 South Carlton Church, near Lincoln.
Monument to Sir John and Lady
Monson ..... 57
MIDDLESEX.
Chelsea. Sir John Danvers.
A Dial, and Statues of an old man
and woman 50
Enfleld Church.
Monument to Mrs. James Palmer . 51
Hadley Church, by Barnet.
Monument to Sir Roger Wilbraham 44
Hampton Court Palace.
The Hazard in the new Tennis Court in Marble Hearth for Her Majesty's
Privy Chamber . . . m
Stanmore Church.
Portland Stone Porch ... 79 A Font ... 79
Monument to Sir John Wolstenholme 79
Stanwell Church, near Staines.
Monument to Lord Knyvett . . 65
NORFOLK.
Emneth Church, near Wisbech.
Monument to Sir Thomas Hewer . 46 Holkham Church, near Wells on Sea.
Tomb of Mr. Miles Armiger . . 123 Monument to Meriall, wife of John Coke, fourth son of Sir Edward
Coke 127
Norwich.
Tomb for Alderman Anguish . . 45 Oxnead, near North Walsham. Sir Wil- liam Paston .... 68 Teignton Stone, Perbeck Paving,
&c. . . 97, 98, 130
Doors, and Door Frames . . 96
Iron Pergola ..... 96
Chimney-pieces 68
Group — Venus and Cupid . 68 Statues of Jupiter and Cerberus . 68 „ of Hercules and Mercury 68, 128 „ of Flora .... 98 ,, of Apollo, Juno, and Diana 68, 129 Busts of Marcus Aurelius, and Faus- tina 98
Marble Table . . 68
Shield of arms .... 97, 102
WORKS BY NICHOLAS STONE
Oxnead Church.
Monument to Lady Katherine Paston Fasten Church, near North Walsham.
Monument to Katherine, wife of Sir Edmund Paston . . 58,
Monument to Sir Edmund Paston 59, Quidenham, near Diss. Sir John Holland.
Chimney-piece
Shotesham Church, near Norwich.
Floor Slab to Edmund Doyly . Tittleshall Church, near Swaffham.
Monument to Sir Edward Coke . . . 75, 121, 125
69
122 I O2
68
124
5. 128
NORTHUMBERLAND.
Newcastle Cathedral.
Monument to Sir George Selby Northumberland [place unnamed].
Monument for Mr. Chansfield .
OXFORDSHIRE.
129
NORTHANTS.
Blatherwick Church.
Monument to Thomas Randolph, Poet Great Brington, near Northampton.
Monument to William, second Baron Spencer, and his wife, Pene- lope . . . 75, 120, 122, 124 Kirby Hall. Sir Christopher Hatton. Chimney-piece ..... Corbels, Windows, Shield of Arms, Model of Staircase, Iron Case- ments
Bust of Marcus Aurelius .
,, of Apollo, and of six Emperors Newbottle, St. James's Church.
Monument to John and Elizabeth Cresswell ..... Stowe, St. Michael's Church.
Monument to Elizabeth Carey .
119
125 125 128
140
46
43 51
Cornbury House, near Witney. Earl of
Danby.
Design for new House, and superin- tending its erection . 70, 92, 137 Oxford.
Botanical Gardens.
Three Stone Gateways . . 70, 137 Magdalen College Chapel.
Tomb for the two sons of Sir Thos.
Lyttleton. ... -74 Merton College Chapel.
Mural Tablet and Bust to Sir Thos.
Bodley 40
New College Chapel.
Monument to Dr. Barker . . 64 St. Mary's Church.
The South Porch [C. Stoakesj . 137
RUTLAND.
Exton Church.
Proposed Monument to John, first Lord Harington, his wife, son, and daughter, which was ap- parently not executed ... 47
SHROPSHIRE.
Acton Burnell Church.
Monument to Sir Humphrey Lee . 66
SUFFOLK.
Ampton, Church of SS. Peter and Paul.
Mural Tablet to William Whettell . 56 Bramfield, St. Andrew's Church.
Monument to Arthur and Elizabeth
Coke ...... 73
Hastead, All Saints' Church.
Monument to Sir Robert Drury . ,15 Letheringham Church (?).
Monument to son of Sir Robt.
Naunton ..... 66
Redgrave Church, near Diss.
Effigies of Sir Nicholas and Lady
Bacon ...... 52
Monument to the wife of Sir Edmund
Bacon. . . . . . 52
Mural Tablet to Lady Gawdy, dau. of
Sir Nic. Bacon .... 52
Suffolk. Church unnamed.
Tomb for Mr. Cornwallis ... 52 Wickhambrook Church.
Monument to Captn. Higham . . 59
SURREY.
Bagshot Lodge. His Majesty.
Chimney-pieces, Paving, &c. . . 95 Nonsuch Palace. His Majesty.
Rebuilding the fountain ... 49 Oatlands Park. Her Majesty.
Black and White Marble Paving 108, in
Black Marble Coping to Fountain . in Putney. Sir Abraham Dawes.
Chimney-piece . . . . -105 Roehampton. The Lord Treasurer's [Earl of Portland].
A Sun Dial 88
Wimbledon. Probably Wimbled on House.
Marble Hearths in the Gallery and
Gt. Chamber .... 131
WARWICKSHIRE.
Chesterton Church.
Monument to William Peyto and wife 76 Compton Verney House Chapel, near
Kineton. Monument to Sir Richard Verney,
and Margaret, Lady Verney . 73 Warwick, St. Mary's Church.
Monument to Sir Thomas Puckering 76
INDEX TO CHURCHES AND HOUSES
Warwickshire— (continued).
Monumental Slab to his daughter
Cecilia, who died in 1636 . Warwickshire. Church unnamed.
Tombfor Lady Kneghtly (? Knightley)
WILTSHIRE.
Wilton House. Earl of Pembroke, Lord
Chamberlain. Marble Cornice and Architrave
Three Kearses
' He designed and built many curious
works' [C. Stoakes] .
109
72
127 "5
137
YORKSHIRE.
Coxwold Church. St. Michael's Church.
Monument to Lord and Lady Faucon-
berg 89,90
Londesborough Church.
Tomb to Countess of Cumberland . 98 York Minster.
Mural Tablet to Anne Bennet . . 39 York Minster.
Monument to Sir Henry and Lady
Belasyse ..... 42
Yorkshire— (continued). York.
Chimney-piece for Sir Henry Bela- syse . ... 42 Yorkshire. 'Shipped to Hull '. Sir John
Byron. Black Marble Chimney-piece and
Hearth . . . no
Table of Touchstone . . . .no Yorkshire. Sir John Wolstenholme. Eleven Chimney-pieces, and a Marble
Hearth . 133, 134
SCOTLAND.
Holyrood Palace. His Majesty.
Wainscot work in the King's Closet and the Chapel, and the Organ Case . . . -43
' Many curious Pavements and other
Works ' [C. Stoakes] . . .136
IRELAND.
Kilkenny, St. Canice Cathedral.
Monument to the Earl of Ormonde . 38
MONUMENTS ERECTED BY JOHN STONE, YOUNGEST SON OF NICHOLAS STONE, ARRANGED ACCORDING TO
COUNTIES
LONDON.
1656. St. Gregory next St. Paul's.
Monument to Sir Francis Mansell . 1656. Temple Church.
Monument to Sir John Williams
BEDFORDSHIRE.
1655. Campton, All Saints' Church. Altar Tombs to Sir John and Sir Peter Osborne and their wives .
BERKSHIRE.
1654. Sonning, St. Andrew's Church. Monument to Lady Clarke Mural Tablet to Carius Williams and
his Sister ..... Mural Tablet to Charles and Elizabeth
Rich . ....
KENT.
1653. Maidstone, All Saints' Church. Altar Tomb to Jacob, Baron Astley (with Henry Stone) .
141 141
140 142
138
OXFORDSHIRE.
1654. Oxford, Christ Church Cathedral. Mural Tablet to Sir John Bankes
NORTHANTS.
1656. Great Brington, St. Mary's Church. Monument to Sir Edward Spencer .
1655. JSewbottlc, St. James's Church. Monument to John and Elizabeth
Cresswell .....
SUFFOLK.
1650. Barrow, All Saints' Church, near
Bury St. Edmunds. Monument to Sir John Heigham
1656. Belstead Church, near Ipswich. Monument to Elizabeth Blosse, and
to Tobias Blosse and his wife 1653. Hessett, St. Ethelbert's Church. Monument to Lionel and Anna Bacon
SURREY.
1655. Putney, St. Mary's Church. Monument to Mr. Martyn .
142
140
141
142 141
139
INDEX OF NAMES
(In Introduction, Note-book, Account Book, and Will, pp. 1-147.)
Ackers, Harry, 33, 60, 91. Aldersgate St., Lady Home's House in, 117. Alford, Sir Edward, 123. All Hallows Church, London Wall, 78. All Saints' Church Barrow, 140. - Campton, 139.
Hastead, 45.
Maidstone, 138. — Sho'esham, 125.
Wickhambrook, 59.
Writtle, 56. Allworth, Mr., 93. Anderson, Dr. James, 7. Anguish, Thomas, 16, 45. Arden, Mrs., 126. Armiger, Miles, 123. Arundel, Alethea, Countess of, 1 1, 81, 125, 126.
— , Earl of, 81, in. Ashmolean MSS., 107. Astley, Jacob Baron, 27, 138.
Babbe, Mr., 91. Bacon, Sir Edmund, 91.
— , Lionel and Anna, 141.
— , Sir Nicholas, 5, 15, 17, 18, 52.
— > Lady, 5, 17, 18, 52.
— , Hon. Philippa, 53. Bagshot Lodge, 95. Baldwin, Robert, 126.
— , Thomas, n, 81, 135. Bankes, Sir John, 30, 8r, 143. Bannerman, 21.
Banqueting House, Whitehall, 3, 5, 7, 49, 136. Barker, Dr. Hugo, 9, 16, 64. Barnham, Sir Francis, 94.
— , Lady, 94. Bartholomew, John, 92. Basell, Simon, 144. Basill, Edward, 109 n. Baskerville, Sir Simon, 34, 81, 135.
— , Lady, 135. Bayley, Thomas, 144. Bedford, Earl of, 145, 146.
, Lucy Harington, Countess of, 47, 48, ITT.
Belasyse, Sir Henry, 4, 14, 42.
— , Lady, 42.
— , Mr. (?), 133. Belcher, John, 71. Belhaven, Lord, 34. Bellamy, Elizabeth, 32. Belstead, 142. Bemp, John, 3. Bennet, Anne, 16, 39.
Bennet, Sir John, 39. Bensteed, Mathew, 103, 115. Berkeley, Elizabeth Lady, 25, 26. ' Berlassis, Mr.', 133. Bernini, 23, 24, 25. Bethlem Hospital, 34. Bird, Francis, 25. Blomefield, Francis, 68. Blomfield, Reginald, 70. Blosse, Elizabeth, 142.
— , Tobias and wife, 142. Bodley, Sir Thomas, 4, 9, 40. Booth, Sir George, 28, 29. Boreman, Mr. (see Burman, Thomas), 27. Boys, Lady, 16, 119, I2o,.i25.
— , Robert, 145. Bramfield Church, Suffolk, 9, 73. Brice, Raphe, 109 n. Broke, Lord, 49. Bronell, Frank, 124. Buckingham, Countess of, 8, 17, 18, 60, 89, 90,
91- Bullock, E. A., 66.
Burlington-Devonshire Collection, 109, 136 n.
Burman, Thomas, 27, 30.
Burnet, Sir Robert, 107.
Busby, Dr., 26.
Bushnell, John, 27.
Butler, Sir Walter, 3, 38.
Byron, Sir John, no.
Caesar, Sir Julius, 74, 105.
Calthorpe, Sir Henry, 56.
Cambell, Sir Thomas, 42.
Camden, Richard, 119, 125.
Campton, Beds., 139.
Canterbury Cathedral, 63.
Capell, Sir Arthur, 61.
Carey, Lady Elizabeth, 4, 15, 17, 18, 46, 50.
Carlisle, Lucy Countess of, 132, 133.
Carter, Mr., 128.
Casaubon, Isaac, 16, 18, 54, 55.
Cassiobury, 19.
Chamberlain, John, 44.
Chancellor, Beresford, 56.
'Chansfelld, Mr.', 51.
Charlcote Church, 34.
Charles I, 6, u, 24, ex.
Charterhouse, Chapel of the, 40.
Chilham, Kent, 9, 85, 86.
Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, 143.
Christmas, John and Mathias, 56.
Gibber, Caius Gabriel, 28, 30, 34.
INDEX OF NAMES
153
Cinque Ports, 5. Clare, Earl of 8, 54. Clarke, Anna, Lady, 139. Clutterbuck, Robert, 49, 61. Cock, Mr. John, 21. Coke, Arthur, 9, 16, 18, 36, 73. — , Sir Edward, n, 16, 17, 18, 33, 75, 76, 121,
122, 123, 125, 128.
— , Elizabeth, 9, 10, 16, 17, 18, 73.
— , John, of Holkham, 124, 125, 127. , Meriall, 127.
— , Sir Robert, 73, 121. Cole, Rev. W., 47. Compton Verney, 8, 15, 72. Conder, Edward, Junr., 7. Coppin, Sir George, 63. Copthall, 120.
Cornbury House, 9, 19, 71, 92, 137. Cornwallis, Mr., 52.
— , Sir Thomas, 51, 52. Cottrell, Clement, 33. Couts, Sir John, 135. Coventry, Lord, 134. Cowley, Abraham, 74. Cox, Richard, 7, 37, 99. Coxe, Sir Richard, 16, 55. Cresswell, Elizabeth, 30, 140.
— , John, 30, 140. ' Creuner, Mr. Gelbert ', 87. Cross, Thomas, 20, 21. Crowland Abbey, 51. Cumberland, Grisold, Countess of, 21, 79, 98.
— , 4th Earl of, 97, 98. Cunningham, Sir David, 5, 66, 76. Curie, William, 16, 50. Cuts, John, 123.
Danby, Earl of, 9, 70, 71.
Danish Church (Welldose Square), 34.
Dantsey, Baron, 47.
Danvers, Sir John, 34, 47, 50.
Dart, John, 54.
Davenant, Sir William, 67.
Davies, Randall, 112.
Davis, J. E., 107.
Dawes, Sir Abraham, 105.
Dawney, W., 41.
'Decans, Mr.', 115, 117, 122.
de Caus, Isaac, 117, 127.
de Keyser family, i, 2.
— Hendrik, 2, 3, 14, 15, 20, 25, 31, 33.
— Hendrik, Junr., 32, 1 16, 117.
— Maria, 2, 3, 32.
— Peter, 93, 94, 116.
- Thomas, 20, 32, 93, 94, 116, 117.
— William, 32. Denbigh, Earl of, 91. Denmark, King of, 34. Derby, 8th Earl of, 21. Devonshire, Duke of, 34. Devonshire-Burlington Collection, 137. Digges, Sir Dudley, 9, 85, 86, 90.
VII.
' Dobell-day, Mr.', 124.
Domenica, Signer, 26.
Donne, Dr., 9, 33, 63, 64, 85, 90.
— , Anne, 50. Dorchester, Dudley Carleton, Viscount, ir, 12,
ifi, 44- 77- Dorset, Earl of, 82. Dover Castle, Chapel of, 4, 38. Doyly, Edmund, 125. Drury, Sir Robert, 4, 16, 18, 45.
— , Sir William, 45. Dugdale, Sir William, 77. Durden, Andrew, 144.
Edmondes, Thomas, 109 ;/.
Elizabeth, Queen, Statue of, 58.
Ellis, Anthony, 27, 30, 122, 124, 127, 145, 147.
Essex, Earl of, 81, 84.
Every, John, 144.
Exchange, The ' Old ', 57, 58.
Exton Church, Rutland, 47.
Fauconberg, Viscount, 19, 89, 90, 91.
— , Viscountess, 90. Fawsley, 72.
Fell, Dr. Samuel, 92, 93. Finch, Mr. Francis, 88.
— , Sir Heneage, 88.
— , Sir John (Baron Finch of Fordwich), 8r. Fleston, Mr., 88.
Flower, Robert, 60, 90, 91, 101, 115. ' Frances, Mr.', 124. Freemasonry, 7. Fryer, Dr. Alfred C., 25.
Gage, John, 45. Gairdner, James, 68. Gardner, Henry, 86. Garret, George, 82. 'Garttong, Mr. Thomas', 122. Gawdy, Lady, 16, 52, 53. Gibbons, Orlando, 8, 16, 63. Gibbs Collection, Oxford, 109 ;/. Gibbs, James, 13. Gilbert, Thomas, 89, 147. Godfray, Mr., 87. Goldsmiths' Hall, 10, 19, 136. Goodrich, Elizabeth, 144.
— , Matthew, 44, 144. Goor, Anthony, 33, 60, 89, 91. Great Brington Church, n, 124, 141. Greenwich, 109, 113, 114, 118, 119, 121, 136.
— , Trinity Hospital, 4, 38. 'Grefen, Mr.', 38. Gresham, Sir Thomas, 2. Groceman, John, 144.
— , Susan, 144. Groene Burgwal, 3. Guildhall, The, 34, 58. Gunther, Edmund, 49.
'Hamden, Mr. John', 119, 125. 'Hamdon, Mr. John', 125.
154
WORK BY NICHOLAS STONE
Hammond, Dr., 8.
Hampden, John, 82.
Hampton Court, nr.
' Ham ton, Mr.', 92.
' Hannons, Sinow ', 93.
Harbord, Sir Charles, 33.
Hare, Mr., 124.
' Hareson, Mr.'. 78.
Margrave, John, 33, 75, 76, 120, 122.
Harington family, 47.
— , John, ist Lord, in. Harris, Mr., 25.
— , Richard, 145. Hasted, Edward, 39, 66.
Hatton, Sir Christopher, 28, 29, 69, 119, 125, 128.
— , Edward, 63.
— , Lady Elizabeth, 101, 102. Hatton House, 69, 101. Hayes, Sir Thomas, 44, 45. Hearn, Clement, 141. Hearnes, Cleophas, 144, 145, 147.
— , Elizabeth, 144, 145. Heigham, Sir John, 28, 141. Hendrickson, Jacob, 93. Heroun, Mr., 91. Hesilrige, Sir Arthur, 82. Hewar, Sir Thomas, 46. Higham, Captain Thomas, 36, 59. Hill, Nicholas, 145. Hogarth, 2. Holkham, ir, 127. Holland, ist Earl of, 8, 82, 132.
— Sir John, 68. Holies, Denzel, 82.
, Francis, 6, 16, 17, 18, 54.
, Sir George, 8, 16, 17, 54.
Holyrood Palace, 4, 34, 43, 44, 136. Holy Trinity Church, Blatherwick, 129. Home, Countess of, 117. Home, Simon, 93. Hunt, William, 92. Hutton, Sir Richard, 78.
Imple, Agnes (Lady Astley), 139. Ireland, Sir Francis, 135.
— , James, 147. Isham, Sir Justinian, 34.
James I, 4, 5, 7, n, 49. James, Isaac, 2, 4, 38. Janssen, see Johnson. Jerman, Edward, 2. Jermyn, Henry, 82. 'Jesop, Mr. Frances', 93. Johnson, Bernard, 41, 52.
, Nicholas, 4, 9, 40, 41.
Jones, Mr. (Churchwarden), 87.
J°ne->' ^'go, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, ii, 19, 44, 49, 7°, 86, 87, 108, 109, in, 114, 119, 121, 128,
6, 137, 138.
Kearne, Andrew, 31, 34, 87, 136, 144.
, Grace, 31, 144.
Keith, W. Grant, 109 ;/.
Kellett, Katherine, 145.
' Kerke, Mr.', 82.
Kilkenny, St. Canice Cathedral, 4, 38.
'Killett, jerimey', 96.
King, Dr. Henry, 64, 85.
Kinsman, Edmond (Kinseman), 9, 4r.
Kinward, Thomas, 145.
Kirby Hall, 1 19, 125, 128.
' Klellen, Garbert ', 91.
Knatchbull, Lady, 14, 65, 71.
Knightley, Lad}', 72.
Knole, n, 19, 112.
Knollys, Sir Robert, 59, 60.
Knyvett, Thomas, Lord, 6, 65.
— , Lady, 65. Kynnesman, Edward, 109 n.
Larkyn, Christopher, 144.
— , Jane, 144. Laud, Archbishop, 70, 8r. Law, John, 40. Ledwick, Edward, 38. Lee, Sir Humphrey, 66. Lely, Sir Peter, 21, 27. le Maire, Rev., 3. Le Sueur, Hubert, 105, 106. Letheringham Church, 66. Long Acre, 3. Lucy, Sir Thomas, 34. Lysons, Rev. Daniel, 39, 79, 132. Lyttelton, John, 9, 74.
— , Thomas, 9, 74.
Magdalen College, Oxford, 9, 74. Manning, O., 88, 105, 109. Mansell, Sir Francis, 141. Marlborough House Chapel, 5. Marr, Mr., 49, 136. Marshall, Joshua, 28, 29, 136. Martens, Mrs., 93. Martyn, Edward, 139. Mary, Princess, 80. Mason, Robert, 28.
— , William, 121. May, Hugh, 19, 71. Mayer, Humphrey, 33, 90. Merry, Sir Thomas, 16, 67.
, Lady, 67.
Merton College, Oxford, 9, 40.
Middlesex, Lionel Cranfield, ist Earl of, n, 15,
19, 48, in.
Minsheu, John (of Dublin), 130. Mold, Garett, 93. ' Molsworth, Mr.', 51.
Monck, George, ist Duke of Albemarle, 29. Monford, Dr., 63, 64, 85, 94. Monmouth, Henry Carey, 2nd Earl of, 145. Monson, Sir John, 6, 57.
— , Lady, 57.
INDEX OF NAMES
155
Monson, Sir Thomas, 57.
Moore, James, 21.
Morant, Philip, 56.
Morison, Sir Charles, Kt., 5, 8, 15, 17, 18,48,65.
— , - , Bart., 8, 15, 17, 18, 19,
48, 60.
— , Lady, 17, 18, 60. Morlin, Thomas, 145. Morton, Dr. Thomas (Bp. of Durham), 55. Mowbray, Lord (Henry Howard), 81. Mulgrave, Countess of, 34.
Nassau, William of, 80.
Naunton, Sir Robert, 66.
New College Chapel, Oxford, 64.
Newton, Sir Adam, 65, 76, 77. •
Nichols, John, 47, 66, 78, 120.
Nieuwe Kerk, Amsterdam, 3.
Nonsuch, 5, 49.
Northampton, Henry, ist Earl of, 4, 15, 17, 38.
Nostell Priory, n, 135.
Oatlands, 108, 109, in. Ormonde, loth Earl of, 3, 4, 38.
, nth Earl of, 3.
Osborne, Dorothy, 139, 140.
— , Colonel, 139, 140.
— , Sir John, 139, 140.
, Sir Peter, 139, 140.
Owen, Dr. Morgan, 9, 70.
Oxnead, 27, 68, 96, 97, 98, 102, 128, 129, 130.
Oxnead Church (St. Nicholas), 8, 69, 122.
Paddon, George, 146.
Pagett, Mr., 87.
Paine, James, Senr., 35, 38, 135.
, , Junr., 38.
Palmer, James, 51.
, Martha, 51.
, Sir Thomas, 6, 67.
— , Lady, 67. ' Paman, Tome', m. Parke, Robert, 145. Parker, Walburga, 32. Parson, Philip, 72, 94. Paston, Bridget, 124. , Sir Edmund, 8, 59, 102.
— , Katherine, Lady, 8, 15, 17, 18, 58, 69, 122, 124.
— , Sir William. 8, 12, 23, 27, 28, 68, 89, 95,
96, 98, 99, 102, 124, 128, 129, 130, 131. Pearce, Mr., 103. Peek, Mr., 118. Pembroke, Philip Herbert, Earl of, 81, 115, 116,
127, 137, 146. ~, William He:
Herbert, Earl of, 7.
' Penson, Mr.', 56, 96. ' Pepes, Mr. John', 121, 125. Percy, Henry, 81, 82. Peyto, Sir Edward, 117.
, William, II, 76.
Phillpots, Mr., 88.
Physic Garden, Oxford, 9, 19, 70, 137.
Pinchon, Sir Edward, 56.
Pooke, Robert, 27, 33, 75, 77, 89, 108, 109, 117,
123, 124, 127, 131, 133, ? 145. Portland, Richard Weston, Earl of, 88, 89. Portman, Mr., 96. Prideaux, Sir Walter, 10. Privy Garden, Whitehall, 49, 136. Puckering. Cecilia, 109.
— , Sir Thomas, n, 76, 77, 109 Putney, Sir A. Dawes's house at, 105. Pye, Sir Robert, 104, 105, Pym, John, 82.
Quidenham Hall, 68.
Radley, 9, 72.
Randolph, Thomas, 16, 128, 129.
Rede, William, 109.
Rich, Charles and Elizabeth, 142.
Richardson, Thomas, 92.
Richmon, Thomas, 91.
Richmond, Duchess of, 69, 102.
Richmond Palace, 132.
Roehampton, 88, 89.
Roubiliac, 57.
Russell, Mr., 21, 27.
Ryan, P. F. W., 1 10.
Rymer's Foedera, 6.
St. Andrew under Shaft, 19, 78, 87. St. Andrew's Church, Sonning, 139, 140, 142. , Enfield, 51.
- , Bramfield, 9, 73.
St. Benets, Paul's Wharf, 80. St. Canice Cathedral, Kilkenny, 4, 38. St. Clement Danes, 50. St. Dunstan in the West, 78. St. Edmund's Church, Emneth, Norfolk, 46. St. Ethelbert's Church, Hessett, 141. St. Etheldreda's Church, Hatfield, 50. St. George at Tombland, 45. St. Giles in the Fields, 50. St. Gregory next St. Paul's, 141. St. Helen's Church, Bishopsgate, 74, 105. St. James's Palace, 5, 49. St. James', Chapel at, 136. St. James's Church, Newbottle, 140. Radley, 72.
St. John the Baptist's Church, Mersham, 71. St. John the Evangelist, South Carlton, 57.
- , Stanmore, 79. St. Luke's Church, Charlton, 65. St. Margaret's Church, Lothbury, 51. , Paston, 58, 59. — , Westminster, 78. St. Martin-in-the-Fields, Church of, 3, 63. St Mary's Church, Acton Burnell, 66. — , Aldermanbury, 45. — , Chilham, 86. — , Eastwell, 88. , Hadley, 44.
X 2
156
WORK BY NICHOLAS STONE
St. Mary's Church, Oxford, Porch of, 9, 19. 70,
137-
— Porchester Castle, 52.
— Putney, 139.
— Redgrave, 52.
— Stanwell, 65.
— Tittleshall, 75
— Walthamstow, 67.
— Warwick, 76, 109. - Watford, 48, 60.
— Wingham, 67.
SS. Mary and Peter, Berkhamsted, 135. St. Michael's Church, Crooked Lane, 74.
— , Stowe, 47.
St. Nicholas, Newcastle, 43. — , Oxnead, 8, 69. St. Nostell's Priory, n, 135. St. Olave, Jewry, 42.
St. Paul's Cathedral, 9, 34, 63, 128, 135, 137. St. Peter's Church, Boughton, Monchelsea, 94. SS. Peter and Paul, Ampton, 56.
— , Great Missenden, 120. St. Withiburga, Holkham, 123. Sackville, Thomas, 34. Sampson, John, 80. Samson, Mr., 80. Savoy Palace, 121. Schoerman, Jan, 34, 75, 124. ' Sebroke, Thomas ', 96. Selby, Sir George, 4, 43.
, Lady, 43.
Shawe, William, 41. Sidbury, 3.
' Slengsby, Ser Willm ', 87. Slode, Master, 50. 'Smeth, Sparow ', 125.
Somerset House, n, 34, 86, 87, 100, 101, 104, 105, 121.
— , Stairs and Water Gate, 136. Southwood, J. S. L., 147. Spadman, Mr. (Mason), 91. Spencer, Sir Edward, 141.
— , Lady (Penelope Wriothesly), 17, 18, 33,
75. i22- , William, 2nd Baron, n, 15, 17, 18, 33, 75,
120, 124.
Spenser, Edmund, 5, 54. Stacey, Gabriel, 31, 71, 92, 105, 113, 114, 144,
J45-
— , Ann, 31, 92, 114, 144. Stafford, Lady, 121. Stanley, Dean, 54. Stanmore Church, n, 19, 79. Starkey, George, 37, 99, 100, 107. Stile, Thomas, 109 n. Stoakes, Charles, i, 2, 9, 10, 12, 19, 21, 26, 29,
3°, 35. 37- 7°, 80, 116, 136, 137, 144. Stone, Henry, 13, 20^24, 35, 118, 138, 145, 146,
147. — , John, 3, 12, 22, 26-30, 34, 35, 37, 80, 129,
133. 134. T 38~43. 145. M6. — , Maria, 3, 13, 20, 147.
Stone, Maria (daughter), 20.
— , Nicholas, Junr., 13, 20-25, 35, 37, 91, 106, 107, 118, 124, 131, 145, 146, 147.
, Robert, i, 2.
Stonehouse, Sir William, 9, 72.
— , Lady, 9, 72, 92.
Stow-of-the-nine-churches, Northants., 4, 46. Stow, John, 67. Stratford, Lord, 81. Streter, Robert, 97. Strode, William, 82. Strong, Alice, i. Strype, 67. Style, Nicholas, 51. Suckling, Sir John, 8r, 82. Suffolk, Duke of, 41. Sussex, Bridget, Countess of, 48, 49. Suthis, William, 6. Sutton, Baptist, 120.
— . Thomas, 4, 9, 17, 18, 40.
Talman, John, 24, 35. — , William, 24, 35. Tart Hall, n, 19, 125, 126. Tatham, C. H., 39. Temple Church, 141. Theobalds, 5, 49, 136. Thorne, John, 92. Thurloe, John, 21. Tighe, Robert R., 107. Tillett, Edward A., 46. Tittleshall, Norfolk, n, 15, 33, 75, 122, 124. Turney, Edward, 145. Trinity Hospital, Greenwich, 4, 38. Tuscany, The Grand Duke of, 23. Tuthill Fields, The New Chapel in, 78, 129.
Usher, Esias, 145.
Van de Stene, Mrs., 81, 104. Van Neuremburg, Giliame, 122. Van Someren, 116. Van Wildre, Barbara, 3. Vere, Sir Francis, 54, 55. Verney, Sir Richard, 8, 15, 18, 73.
— , Lady, 18, 50, 73. Villiers, Sir George, 8, 15, 17, 18, 60, 91, 112.
Walker, Peter, 125. Walton, Isaac, 64. Warner, Mr., 87. Waterall, Mr., 92. Waterer, Barbara, 144.
— , John, 145, 146 Watney, Vernon J., 71. ' Wedden, M.', 56. Weekes, Henry, 135. Weeks, Mr., 86. Weeks, Christopher, 39. Weissman, A. W., i, 2, 3, 20, 31, 33. West, John, 128.
INDEX OF NAMES
157
Wester Kerke, Amsterdam, -2, 137. Westminster Abbey, 54, 60, 77, 112. VVeston, Richard, see Portland, Earl of. Wheatley, Anne, 128. — , Anthony, 128.
, H. B., 50, 70.
, Martha, 128.
Whettell, William, 16, 56.
White, Richard, 33, 75, 89, 91, 101, 104, 121,
122.
Whitehall Palace, 132, 133. Wickes, Henry, 144. Wilbraham, Sir Roger, 44, 67. Wilbraham, Lady, 44. Williams, Anna, 140.
— , Carius, 140.
— , Sir John, 141.
, Dr. John, Archbishop of York, 130.
Willson, Mr., 92.
Wilson, Henry, 25.
Wilton House, 115, 116, 127, J37-
Wilton, Rev. R. C., 98.
Wimbledon Manor House, 131.
Windebank, Sir Francis, 8t.
Windham, Mr., 100, 115.
— , Francis, 114. Windsor, 106, 107, 132, 137. Winn, Sir Rowland, 135. ' Winsour, Mr.', 89. Withins, Francis, 74. Wolsten holme, Sir John, n, 12, 17, 18, 79, 80,
133. '34. 135> Wood, Philip, 131. Woodbury, near Exeter, i, 2, 13 «. Woods, Rev. H. G., 141. Woolen, Mr., 122. Wotton, John, 41. Wren, Sir Christopher, 8. Wright, Isa, 147.
, Dr. Robert, 52.
Writtle, Essex, 56. Wynn, Sir Richard, no.
York House, 104.
--, Water Gate, 19, 34, 137. York Minster, 39, 42.
Zuider Kerk, Amsterdam, a, 137.
APPENDIX
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
British Museum, Harl. MSS., No. 4049. March CO The Joyrnall of N. S.
29 of March Being Thursday I departed from London about 9 of the cloke in the euening accompanyed 1638 with my father and mother, cosen Gabriell and his wife, Mr. and Mrs. Hearne & Mr. Jerymie
Killett y' night to Grauesend.
30 Friday We tooke horsse at | a houre past eight and ride to Chattham (were we dined), and about 2 of
the clocke I tooke my leaue of my father and mother and the rest and ride to Canterbury thatt night about 6 of the clocke :
31 Satterday morning I mett with Mr. Moulline and about eleauen of the cloke we took horsse for Douer.
Aprill
2 Monday about none we tooke ship for Deipe.
3 Twesday we arriued att Deipe about 12 of the clocke, wher I write letters to send for England.
4 Wensday about 10 of the clocke we tooke horsse, being 8 in company, and ride to Roan that night. Deepe to Roan
ii leag.
5 Thursday wee stayd at Roan to refresh ourselues, were I saw comedy.
6 Friday wee tooke coach at Roon at 5 a clocke in ye morning, and came to Paris the Satterday night
following (being 28 leagues), where I found my brother Henry in good health.
8 Sunday Wee hired a chamber for a month for 7 franck ; also I saw the outside of the House of
Luxinborck.
13 Friday I write 5 letters and sent them for England.
14 Saturday I began a moddle in klaye of St. Anthony.
15 Sunday Wee went to St. Clue to see the Bishop of Paris his house, whosse garden was the pleasantest or 25 y' euer I had senee.
May From the 25 Aprill to the 8 of May 1638 wee went att seuerall occassions to see the best
fo. i 6] churches pallaces and picctures that wee heard of in Paris.
8 The 8 of May being Satterday wee tooke wagen about 4 a clocke in the afternoone and ride
4 leagues, the next day wee came to Fountaineblew about 5 a clocke in the euening.
10 the 10 we saw (being rainy whether) all the Kings housse and gardens.
11 the ii wee tooke our joyrney about 4 a clocke in the morning and arriued at Mellaine (being 3 leagues) about 7 a clocke, and thaire tooke boote for Paris, where we arriued the same night.
12 We went to see St. Dennis, atowne some 3 leagues from Paris, where we saw all the raryties concerning reliques that where in Fraunce.
14 Wee receiued a letter of credence for Lions of Mr Oliuer, merchant in Paris.
14 Wee agreed with the messenger for to ride to Lions (for 4". ios apeece) and wee gaue in earnest 2 pistolls, and wee are to take horsse the Twesday following.
15 We went and saw the gallery of the Lowuer, where were good paintines and some antiques of marble.
17 Wee write into England.
t6 Wee went up on Mount Marter, where wee had a braue uew of Paris and saw in a vault where
Sl Dennis was buried, who went from thence to Sl Dennises withoutt his head, being some 6 mile.
DIARY ()F NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR 159
fo. 2] May 1638 Being Twesday morning (about n a cloke) wee tooke horsse, being 18 in company, to "ride to 18 Lions, thaire where in the sayd company 2 Jesuitts of Paris and a sea captaine of the King
the i dayes ioyrney of Fraunces and the other of uery good society ; a little before night wee mett with diuers horsse in damjeVo? caue"'ers one horssebacke, but thay seing us so strong did not offer any violence (but after- breaking my leg wad wee heard the same company had robb'd a coach comming from Lions).
Other times upon the way wee mett and ouertooke diuers troopes of footmen both of French and Swiches, but wee being well prouyded in regard of the strenght of our company wee ride without danger.
23 Being WhytSunday our company agreed in respect of the day to rest the for-noone and to
take [horse] againe about 3 in the afternone, the wch accordingly wee did, being att Molins (w"11 is a uery fine cytty), where wee went and saw the castle, itt being situated one the side of the towne upon a hill, and in one large court wee saw a fountaine whosse pedestall was triangled and the topp was 6 angled wch carried a bason or sesterne out of w0'1 the water playd underneath, against each side of the former triangle was a round bason bourne upp with a pillar.
Att the aforesaid cytty of Molina are the rarest tweses made (I thinke) that are in the world. Mr Boe Martin captaine bought a paire with siluer handles cost 4 fra: 15 souse with case and a payre of playne whyte for 2 frank 12 souse.
By the way of our joyrney Father Marrine, one of y* chefest Jesuitts of Paris, sayd thare were aboue 200 Jesuitts in London. fo. 2 b] '
May 26 1638 Wee came to Lions about noone being Wensday. Wee receiued of Mr Heruert merchant * * by the letter of ere- 30 pistolls weight. Wee tooke boate to goe to Auignion ; and passing downe the riuer Rosne nferchant gaue us^at a little bey°nd Vienna stands a housse in W* thay say Pilott dwelt in befor he went into Paris. Egypt, being in Dauphney.
29 We passed by the riuer Isare. wch houlds his coursse so strong into the riuer Rosne and the water being of a blaker coulour that thay two doe not mingle for a mile, but his streame is plaine decerned.
30 Sunday. Wee landed att Auignion, where wee saw the popes palace / the same day wee dined at
Sante Esprite, where we saw a stone bridge y' crossed the riuer Rosne wch had 20 arches, each arch being 90 foot brood, the whole lenght of the bridge being some 25 hundred foot.
31 Wee tooke horsse to ride to Aix.
June i. Twesday morning, wee crossed the riuer Durance whosse streams runn so swift y' the ferry men where afraid to goe ouer ; but being as itt were forced by a French captaine thay ferred, but before thay began to rowe euery man kneled downe to say his prayers, and God be praysed wee passed itt uery safe.
7 written into England.8
9 Wee came to Aix about none, where dined and tooke coach for Marsely. were we arriued
the same night to lye for a wind to goe for Italy.
Wee tooke ship for Ligorne, and hauing sayled some 5 leagues wee were forced to returne the wind being so strong contrary.
15. Wensday wee tooke barque againe and we came before Ligorne one Friday att night, a little before wee saw 6 galleyes of the King of Spaines ; the same day about none we were chased by two Turkish galleyes /
18 Satterday morning we landed att Ligorne (hauing binn 3 dayes and 3 nights upon the waiter), were we saw a great statua of the Dukes of Florence of marble standing one a pedestall of whyte marble
1 At the foot of fo. 2 are three lines crossed out : 25 Before we came to y« hill Terara my brother Henrys horsse fell with him and before wee could gett
to the towne at the bottome of the hill he tired. * In margin, crossed out : 2 Wee saw a p[r]ossesion and (?) and thaire came a rouge and threw my hatt in the kennill.
160 DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
•
with foure slaues att the corners in brasse chayned to the pedestall. Ligorne being uery pleasent, hailing the streats crossing each other att right angles, the housses all painted with fresco.
Ligorne has one uery faire church fronting a great markett place wch is uery plaine but handsone.
fo. 3J 1638
June 18 Wee tooke boate for Pisa, where wee came about the 21 houre. The same night we went to see
the steple y' stands awry and went up to the topp of itt, being some 300 stepes ; the whole steple all of whyte marble ; the whole hight being deuy'd into 8 storyes one the out side, but the newel! goes cleare to the topp of the seauenth story one the insyde.
19 Sunday wee went and saw the great church being by the sayd steple, where were rare painting of
Raphyell and other masts, also braue sculpture ; a pulpitt all of whyte marble being borne up with 2 pillers, one wherof was porphrey ; seuerall good monuments thaire are in manner of alters whosse pillesters has rare bastraleiua in manner of foliage ; the pillers of the sayd church being Composita all in one peice of marble ; the 3 doores at the west end being brasse, hauing uery good storyes of our Sauiours suffering curiously done. Before the cytty housse wee saw a staitly statua of the Duke of Florence (being some 12 foot hight of whyte marble, bearing one his left legg and standing upon a fish head with the other, houlding a scepter in his right hand and pointing downeward with the other, being in armour had a loosse roobe hanged about the shoulders wch came downe and streanghtned the legges) standing one a high pedestall hauing a little distance from itt a uery dainty fountaine / upon the riuer side one a high pedestall thare was another statua, much bigger then the life, of the aforesaid person. Thaire [is] a lofty exchange built all of whyte marble, of the Dorike order, hauing foure arches one the sides and 2 att ye ends ; and in the same cytty are many lofty buildings.
19 Sunday about 2 a cloke wee tooke coach for Florence ; wee came to Florence about noone, where wee
20 Monday receiued a letter from our father, in the afternone wee went and saw the great chu[r]ch of Sainto
Maria Florida all of faire marble hauing in the inside many fair statues, being made first naked in plaister, then clothed about with linnen rarely inboyssed on and painted whyte with a shining coulour, that in darkeis places thay soe deceiue the sight that one would imagine them marble ; many rare peices of painting.
fo. 3 b] 1638
June 20 Before this chu[rjch of Sainto Maria stands a round temple of Mars hauing one the outside
diuers pillesters of grene porphrey, and one each side of one of the gates stande 2 loosse pillers of reed porphrey being chayned to the church ; in the inside are the 12 apostles inside as the other are before expressed, ye gates wherof are of cast copper in rare storeys, the Hercules a killing the Centaure in marble of John the Bologna. In the Jesuitts church uery rare peices of painting.
2ilh By one of the great pallace of the Duke of Florence, where the Duke Guisa lines, first the
Duke one horsse backe in brasse one a faire pedestall, a great fountaine hauing Neptune in ye middle, of marble, with foure horsses; about the sesterne sittes 12 figures in brasse of a figure representing Dauid with his sling, of Michell Angello, i great figure of Bacchio Bandinello of Hercules standing with his clubb and a man liing betwene his legges; before the gate 2 antiquityes. Under an arch of a gallery stands 3 figures of one peice of John the Bologna, of Sabina. Under an other arch a faire statua of Perseus' hauing the body of . . .2 lying under his feet, houlding his head in yc left hand and his sword in the other of brasse. Under an other arch a Judeth cutting Holifernes
* painting one head in brasse.
Arch'yt- on"' m tne cnurcn of St. Cruce I saw the efigies & the tombe of Michell Agnolo Bonorotto, hauing
the left 3 statues being sculture in middle.*
1 Perseus interlinta, over Mercury crossed out.
2 Argus, crossed out.
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR 161
24 I saw the Dukes gallery of statues and cabbinett, rare paintings and other rarytyes, uery costly, the armery wher thaire was a loadstone of a foot long and some 5 inches brood.
25 write into England.
29 Wee remoued our lodging, being S' Peelers Day: I saw in the (Nunciatt) the tombe of Baccio
Bandenello and John Stradanus his head in marble. Next to the church is a cloister of rare paintings, some of Andrea dell Serto, and in a little tarris before the church are also some of his doing, where in the wall stands his effigies in white marble for a moniment.
fo. 4] 1638 the running of the coaches at Florence in the Piazzo dell' Sla Maria.
June 22lh The windowes of the quadrangle being full of ladyes and ye scaffolds some of men of worth
others of the meaner sort, the first was ye cittizens making a ring with thaire coaches droue softly one after the other to behold the ladyes ; this continuing for the space of an houre and %, the 5 chariots came and showed them selues making a towrne twise about, thay being withdrawen the trompetts sounding thaire came riding in great state 100 braue caueillers one horssebacke 2 at once; then came the great Duke riding on a statly stead, hauing a great guard of Switses ring'd about him ; after him came his Duchese riding in a coach drawne by 6 Dannish horsses (whosse trasses and trappings where crimson veluett enriched with gold lace and gilded buckells) with 5 other ladyes of great worth hauing also a guard of Swish's, and nigher the coach went all her
* a horsses pages in uery costly liueryes; then followed nine empty coaches,* the formost being the Dukes
apeice drawne by 2 braue blacke horsses the furniture of blacke uelluitt enriched with gold, & thay being
come to the housse where the Duke was to stand he dismou[n]ted with diuers of the cheife signiors, and Duchesse and ladyes, thay being placed, and the throng being beate backe, thaire was on a sudden a spacious place made where they were to run, and a cord being strayned from one obisliske to the other the coaches were sett in order for to start, in the meane while enters one at a time 5 brauly monted who manegd the great horsse, on managing the great horsse only with a silke twist in the mouth being uery rare to see ; this being passed, the place was cleared (the coachmen sitting all this while ready) and the word giuen and thay ran 4 times about the obelisques ; after this was passed the Dukes with all the ladyes of state tooke coach and remoued in order as thay came in ; '
23 The Duke being seated under a rich cannopy of state (and the Spannish Embassadour sitting
one his le hand), the Duchesse being (with foure other great ladyes) on a balcony in the Dukes great pallace (where the Duke of Guise Hues), a ring being made all of horssemen in armour, all with speares in thair hand, on the topp of each a banner, the trompetts sounded, thaire came the seruants of thosse nobles that doe homage to the Duke, being about 150, all well mounted, euery one with thaire coulor on an ancient in thaire raight hand and in thaire left a siluer dish ; hauing rode by the great Duke in order the leader being richly accoutred rides upp before the throne and makes
fo. 4 b] June an oration ; this being done he retreats, and all thosse with flagges gallopt brauely after the other;
1638 this done thay fell all in order againe and rid 3 roundes and then departed the place ; then came all
the prissoners bound 2 and 2 together; this passt thaire came 3pageinsin manner of temples drawen by buffells, y' wch approched nigher the state, hauing a figure representing Time one the topp, had sertaine figures in robes like churchmen wth such • sertaine antimes and then departed ; after that was a great flagg (w°h stood all this while in the middle of the Piazzo) being one a frame with wheeles drawne forth with 3 horsses (one each horsse a boy cloathed in crimson) one the topp wherof was the picture of Christ gilded, all this being past was led by 16 rare Barbery horsses y' were to runn in the afternoone, and for distinction betwene each mens horsses ride little boyes antique cloathed mounted one great horses: this done the trompetts sounded and the aforesaid horsmen fell into a troope and ridd on ; then the Duke decending his throne went afoot (with the Spanish Embassadour by his side) a little way and entred his coach, and so in great state followed the prossession his Swisses being all in britte armour — then I entred the pallace; staying in the court I saw the Duchesse and the Duke of Guisa with his fayre daugther and sonnes.
23 Towards the euening all the streats being full of coaches going in order one after the other,
1 and then I went home [crossed out].
1 MS. wth such [a lapsus calami, or mis- reading of the original rough notes, for ' which sung ' ?]. VII. Y
1 62
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
3° June i July
2
4 Sunday
5\ 6J
7 8
concerning inlaying
10
1 1 Sunday
12
Sla Maria Flori :
fa. 5 b] July
and the streat being strewed with sand, the vvindowes from one end of the cytty to the other full of ladyes and gentry ; passing along wch way most peaple went att last I came to a great Piazzo where one the left side in a faire open gallery stood the Duke and Duchesse with other ladyes of great quality ; going yett further I came to a place where crosse was. The streat was deuyded into 16 parts with particions of board. Hauing stayd a whyle came thosse 16 Barbery horsses being led hauing bells made fast all about thaire bridells and great roses in thaire forehead, one thaire backe was a leather fastned whereunto thay hung diuers bobbings in fashion of a great paire hauing points of nedells striking out of the sides ; thesse being fastned and thaire pulled of, euery horsse was sett in place wher hauing a line strained brest hye one a sudden was a blast of a trompett, the cord fell, the horsses runn like the wind, 3 of them hauing boyes on thaire backes. I went and drew in the chappie of Michell Agnolo in St. Laurences.
I drew after the life at my logding.
I drew the ground of a chappie in the church Maria de Florida of John de Bolognia ordering, being uery uniform and good archytecture.
I drew part of the upright upon a large shett of paper. I drew in the chappie after the worke of Michell Agnolo.
I drew a figure in the chappie of John Bologna.
Againe in Michell Agnolos chappie.
in the euening wee were appointed (by a Frenchman that serued an English gentelman) to come and speake with his master the next morning, he hauing receiued some letters from Mr. Boothousse concerning our businesse.
the aforesaid gentellman sent his man with us to Signior Sarelia, who when we had declared our mind appointed us to come the next day.
Wee went to the Signiors who went with us to the Dukes gallery and we went amongst the inlayers; he sayd he must make the Marquesse accquainted with itt and appointed us to come in the afternoone ; when we came he had receiued a letter from the Marquesse who sayd that for coppying of the paintings my brother should haue leaue, but for the inlaying itt was forbid by the great Duke, but in regard Mr. Boothhousse had desired itt he would request of the Duke.
the aforesaid time att seuerall occassions I drew.
in the morning I began to draw the manner of the gallery of the great Dukes.
I saw in the shopp where masons wrought for the front of the great church y' all thair moulds were cutt out uery curious in a plaite of iron so y' when one stone is sett upon another itt is as neat as if itt where one peice / in the afternone I saw the Dukes chappie wch is began hauing rich stones all the worke being uery costly / tables ofporphrey with letters of white lett in ; also I saw an engine y1 a man was making a hole through a peice of porphrey. 12 we were appointed to speake witth the Marquesse the next morning.
13 We went to the pallace of the great Duke and spoke with the Marquesse who sayd he had donne as much as he could and appointed us to mett him the next morning in the gallery.
14 (being the Duke of Tuscanyes birth day) the Marquesse came not to the gallery, but wee receiued a letter wch was sent to Signior Solaria from the Marquesse wherin was y' the Duke would
festiuall giue no leaue for the learning of inlayd worke in the gallery, but for to coppy the paintings and
draw after the statues was free leaue : in the euening the Duke and Duchesse ride in state with all the nobles to se the running of the horsses, being 14 barbs y' rann : after itt was darke upon the great Piazzo before the pallace was a boonfire and from the topp of the tower were great store of rocketts fired wich looked uery pleasant to the spectators underneath.
Wee went into the gallery wayting the coming of the Marquesse ; thaire came the great Duke [of] Tuscany, who with a smiling countenaunce demaunded who wee were ; answere made we
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR 163
were st[r]aungers (English) come his fauour to learne after the rare paintings and statues; he passing by us foure times (walking and loking one the statues) euery time as he came nye smiled (att his first coming he askt whether the Kings of England had many rare thinges, and my Lord of Arundell) ; awhile afterward the Duke of Guiesa passed through being drawne in a little carriott by a foot man, about an houre afterward came the Marquesse who uery frendly gaue commission cants 40 foot to tne ga"ery keper to deliuer to my brother any peice he should chuse;
deameter ; then we went into the tribunas, being the principall cabbinett, were the rarest peeces of Raphyell
coopleloe ancj jitjan( Andrea Dell Serto, Michaell Agnolo, Holbin and of other great masters (so he made the topp choice of a head of Titian) ; thaire is a peece of bastreleiue in iuory, the taking downe of our othenzsquare Saviour from the crosse, of Michaell Agnolo, uery rare indeed / peece ofmoisayike worke of birds apeecein the °^ a Frenchmans doing in 1615 uery rare, 4 landshape made releaua in silke with a great deale side walls. of Judgment.
fo. 6] In the gallery, being about 520 foot long and 20 brod, is a Bachusof Michell Agnolo and another
24 Antique of Bacchio Bandenello. Thaire [are] in the gallery 52 heads, 27 statues, a wilde boare antique, statue 2 wolues antique / whereof 24 a[re] antiques and 3 moderne ; att one end of the gallery is a cabbi-
nett wherin are diuers rarytyes, of the world first as turning in iuory, modells of brasse, 2 storyes artificially wrought in silke ; a landshape in a table being most of jasper ; a little cabbinett of ebiny hauing pillers of jasper, cappitalls and bases of gold ; certaine inlayes of lapis lazary wherin are aboue 100 thousand meddalyas antique.
In another cabbinett towards the other end of the gallery a statly cabbinett of ebbiny (hauing diuers inlayes of lapis lazary, jasper, and other precious stone) wheron was curiously painted storyes out of the holy scripture ; within itt has an organe w** playes of itt selfe being by the motion of wheles rarely inuented for stopping diuers pines ; ye tunes altere uery musically, itt being
presented to the great Duke by ' a table also of branches of
honysuckles, oliues and other spriges, so curiously inlayd of precious stones y' itt doth almost deceiue the eye to be natural!, being the best that euer was made, diuers excellent paintings of Titian, Andrea dell Serto, one painting antique of the first master (as they say) that inuented painting.
In another roome 2 globes, the owne sphericall, the other terrestiall, of some seauen foot deametr in frame of steale ; a Cupid asleepe as bigg as the life in touch 9 marble heads.
fo. 6 b] 15 In one of the lapidaryes shopps I saw (being the best of them all) a Charytye of jasper
releiue, the naked of a fleshy coulour, the drapery part of yellow and part of blew, uery industriously done ; also a drawing of Michell Agnoloes of the Salutation.
16 I went to draw in the gallery after a statua of Bachus of Michell Agnoloes worke, the great Duke passing by looke one my drawing and said, Faci est vn bella statua.
17 I drew the same statua one another posture, the Marquesse passed by twice.
1 8 Sunday.
19 I drew the same statua the 3 side.
20 I drew the head of Marco Grippo y' built the rotundo at Rome / and a womans head.
21 I drew the aforesaid statua the 4lh way.
22 I saw the Dukes wardrope wherin was great treasure of plate of siluer and gold as also furniture for the Dukes horsse richly embroydred and besett with precious stones / thare were 6 heads releiuo of porphrey sett one a ground of serpentine.
23 I drew after an Apollo antique.
24 The same figure.
25 Sunday I saw the great Dukes pallace and garden called Bubley behind the pallace Pictey, first thaire
is a great court built one 3 sides with 3 orders of culomes rustique worke, the 4 side hauing
1 Left blank in original. Y 2
i64 DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
and in the
f0f i\
fa. 7 b]
fa. 8] July 26 27
valued at 6000 crownes
28
29 and) »0
31 31
a tarris built uniforme to the other first storyes, ouer itt a walke inclosed with rayle and ballisters, were stands 2 marble heads much bigger then the life ; under the said tarris stands 2 statues ; in the middle is a passage into the garden as itt were through a grotto ; this part of the garden liing against the ascent of a hill hath at the further end a staittly statua representing Plenty (in whyte marble), wch statua is scene att the enterance of the pallace ouer the tarris walke, next beyond the tarris is a theatre of stone, hauing round about one the topp neches for statuas, one each sides of the neches sitt hounds and wolfes carued in stone, heare is used to be represented battayle and sports accostomed by the Romanes ; beyond this stand a great fountaine hauing in the middle a pedestall in manner of a rocke, one the topp wherof stand a figure in brasse representing Neptune, one the sides of the said rocke sette 4 women in manner of sea nymphs bearing shells (in whyte marble) ; on the furthest side of the sesterne sett a woman with a boy in whyte marble ; beyond this is another sesterne hauing a pedestall in the middest but no statue ; one the left hand ioyning to the garden stands the castle call'd Belluedere, were stands centrenell, y' was the cause wee could nott approch nigh the statua of Plenty but were faine to keepe att distance. Adioyning to this garden one the right hand (being seperated by a wall) is the large garden called Bublei, wch take upp as much ground as a little cytty ; one the left hand of our entrance att the end of a faire walke stood and Adam an Eue in whyte marble, of Michell Agnolo Nacerenns doing, being curiously wroft ; before this stood a stone of whyte marble hewed outt for a sesterne, being some 18 or twenty foot long; att another place one a sid of this walke and entring into a laberinth stood 2 antique men in posture of fencers (whyte marble) ; below this and in the middle of the garden lyeth out a staitly walke, being halfe decent and other ascent ; in the bottom is a mighty round plaine compasse with a mote, in the middle of wch plaine stands a staitly fountaine being a round boule of aboue twenty foot deameter in one peice sett one a pedestall, about the pedestall are setts underneath, aboue the boule one the middle of ye pedestalls stands a figure of Hercules hauing 3 figures setting one the sides of the pedestall being borne upp with cartuses all being more then as bigge againe as the life ; the aforesaid walke crossing this round but being seperated by 2 gattes hauing statuas in nechoes one each side ; also one each side stand a little fountaine of men spitting waiter hauing a bason on thaire thighes wch end in a fish tayle and thaire shoulders runn of into fines ; on the innerside of the mote the wall being finish in a breaking worke hath at diuers places little Cupids, some shooting, some riding one swanes, others tumbling one upon the other, all in whyte marble with great varyety of actions ; the mayne walke hath 26 statues placed at certaine distances on pedestalls, most of them are antiques. Beyond this place was a peice enclosed wherin was 4 whyte harts ; one a side of this was a great round in yQ middle wherof was a hunting of the wild boare, all round uery pleasent to see, a[t] one side stood a figure representing a blakamore as if he were shooting att the boare ; one the side of the garden by the wall stood statues of whyte marble, one a digging and the other bringing grapes to the presse.
being St. Annes day were the running of the barbs.
I drew after a painting of Corregia wch my brother was coppying, being one of the choysest the tribune.
August i
I drew after a statua done by Bacchio Bandenello. I drew after diuers statues scitsces for memory.
Mr. Paston came to Florence.
Mr. Serailysent hisman to our logdingand appointed me to come and speake with [him] w°hwas concerning inlaying; after I had spoke with him he sent his man with me to a shopp to se the worke, were I appointed] to come the Monday following for to begin.
Sunday. In the afternone I mett Mr. Paston in Florence hard by the temple of Sl Michell, who being very courteous said " Sometimes you must looke after me, for wee must haue many a walke togither."
In the morning I waited one Mr. Paston who went to see diuers housses for his owne use
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR 165
and agred for one for 20 crownes 3 months unfurnish'd. In the afternone he went to see the
great Dukes chappie. 3 I waited one Mr. Paston to the gallery of the great Duke, where he profest he had not scene
so many rarytyes in one place in all his trauells. 4* I drew in the gallery in the forenone, in the afternon I tooke ground of the temple of Sancto
Espirite, in \vch church is a statua of marble of Christ, coppyed after Agnolo Bonorotas at
Rome; another of marble of the Virgin Mary houlding the body of our Sauiour in her lapp,
uery well done.
5 I drew in the gallery after a ioketor antique; in the afternone I went with Mr. Paston to see the lions and wolfes of the Dukes, and his great stable.
6 I drew in the galler[y] after the aforesaid statua.
7 I drew the steple of St. Spirite, being plaine but well composed — I writ into England. August the 9 1 drew in the gallery after a statua of a Venus antique ; in the afternone Mr. Paston came fo. 8 b] thaire, we went doune to the armourers housse, saw diuers straing inuentions, as a walking stafe ot
Charles the 5 being on a sudden mad, a holberd and others, being 2 prolix to describe particulers.
10 The Feast of St. Laurence.
11 I drew after the head of Adrianus Emperour.
12 Being in the gallery the great Duke came to see my drawing, who liked them uery well, after he was gone Sr Bastian told me the Duke would haue make a head of marble for him.
13 I drew after the aforesaid head. Mr. Paston came thaire in the afternone.
14 I drew after another antique.
15 Sunday Feast of Assention of the Virgin Mary.
16 Feast of St. Rocca who deliuered Florence from the visitation.
17 I drew in the gallery after an antique, in the afternone I waited one Mr. Paston, who went to see the chappell of the great Duke afterward without the cyty for pleasure.
18 I drew a Venus after Titian painting.
19 I made an end of the same Venus and began another after a peice of Caratts. Feast of St. 20
Abate The great Duke came in the gallery, I hauing none of my drawings thaire.
21 I drew the head of Antonino Pio.
Sunday 22 I saw a palley of coaches run, being 6, before thay had run once about the obeliskes 4 fell
foule in one another, one ouerturned, the coachman throwne out of the box, and one of the horsses broke loose and runn amongst all the peaple, but thaire noe hurt done. fo. g] August 23 I drew after the aforesaid head of Antonino Pio.
24 The feast of St. Bartholmew.
25 I drew after a rare head of Cicero ; the great Duke came in the gallery ; looked one my drawing ; told me I was a gallant huomo.
26 I drew after the same head ; the great Duke came thaire with his brother Don Lorenzo who ouerlooked all my drawings (in the afternone I waited on Mr. Paston .who gaue me a case with a knife with an agate halft to giue to Sr Bastian Keper of the gallery).
27 I drew after a peice of Carace.
28 I drew a folliage for memory.
29 Sunday The palley of barbs runn / on of the riders (being a boy) killed, another dangerously hurt with
falls, so the race was spoyled, being all came not in together ; itt was appointed to be run the Sunday following.
30 I drew after a Hercules killing the Centaure antique.
31 I drew after the same figure.
Septemb' i. I drew the same statua ; the great Duke came and looked one me.
2 I drew in the gallery after an antique head; and askt leaue of the Marquesse for to modell thaire in the gallery.
3 I began to modell after a dogg of Corsica antique.
166 DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
4 I wroft on the same modell ; the great Duke told me itt was uery well, a Spanyard being with him the Duke askt me if I could speake Spanish.
5 Sunday the palley of barbs runn againe. 3 Duch painters went for Rome, one being kinsman to
Sr Anthony Vandyke.
6 I made an end of the aforesaid dogg.
7 I waited one Mr. Paston in the forenone ; he bidd me to dinner with him, and told me in the afternone he would goe to Poggio Imperiale.
fo. 9 b] In the afternone I rid with Mr. Paston in his coach to Poggio Imperiale, being without
Septemb1 7 the gate as you goe to Rome, first you have a low wall wereon is placed at each end a spred 1638 eagle hauing one his brest the arrmes of the great Duke ; in the middle an open place one on side,
a wofle with 2 children sucking one the other a lion sitting with on paw one a ball of white marble, within this wall is a round pound or mote, a passage through the mydst upon arches wch deuydes the pound into 2 parts, against the middle is entrance is a bridge wch turnes partly on a pin, and with a little whele at each end wch turned crosse the water runes liyes open to the ayre one the further side of this pond and one each syd of the passage lyes a statua made like grotto worke of rocke stones with water potts under thaire armes W* runnes like fountaines ; one ye sides of the pond in manner of a quadrangle are placed 4 statues representing phylosophers ; all this worke inclosed with thicke sett cypers tres wch mak a goodly show.
From this place right out upon a running ascent lyes a walke aboue an English mile long hauing one each syde channell for conueyance of water and on the side inward a low hedge of inperiall bocse, on the further sides a double row of cyperss and corke trees, being sett on of one sort and then of on of the othe[r], so in order the whole ascent.
Before the housse is a great and spacious court ; from each end of the housse comming square out 115 foot is built uniforme to the lower story with the ornaments of the windowes, but are used for neches (were stands statues), being open behind only with a grate of iron in forme of the hinder part of the neecho ; 35 foot from each end of this wall goes a hollownesse like a flat £ ouall, in the middle wherof is a dore that goes in to a vyniard with stepps answearable to the front. fo. 10] From each end of thesse walls the court is drawne into a semecircle inclosed with rayle
and ballister, all the pedestalls finish with statues of 3(?) dogges standing in order; from the middle of the semicircle to the mayne building lies a large walk handsomely paued with stone ; one each side of this entrance is a statua of with marble, the one representing Jupiter the [other] Atlas ; so the court in the middle from the housse is 200 foot ; the front of the building, uery plaine but uniforme, is in lenght 170 foot, hauing a dore iust in the middle with a ascent of 13 stepps, being not hye but low and easy ; one each syde are six windowes with thaire spaces equally deuyded ; this first and lower story hath all the windowes with good order of archyteture euery one hauing frontespecesses ouer or [under?] ; upon the cornish of the lower doore is a balcony in the second story comming forth of a gallery, the story hauing but 4 windowes on each side of the dore ; one the other 2 is a platforme inclosed with rayle and ballisters, hauing statues one the pedestalls of front and backeside of the housse, but one the ends 2 pyramidds to conuay smooke from the chimneys of the lower story. Within the entrance of the housse you had a court with an open tarris inclosed with pillers and arches, all sides being uniforme in deuision of dores and windowes. For the middle of the court one each hand, the dores being sett open, you saw through! fiue rome liing one after the other in uery good order, the further doores of the sides of the court led into gardens being full of orange and leamonds trees, hauing uarious knots paued with chyppings of marble of seuerall coulours which lay uery pleasant to all the romes one the backeside; the furthe[r] side opposite to the entrance hauing three dores, the first entred into a tennis court, the middle into an open place bourne upp with pillers and pillesters, hauing a decent with staires fo. 10 b] answerable to the front, the last led to the great staire of the housse being in breadth 7 foot and Septembr £ lijng right out ; you monted 25 steppts, hauing thaire a double square harth pace against the wall, 1638 and right against the middle of the staire one a pedestall in cartuse manner stood a statua repre-
senting a bird keener, hauing in on hand a stike made att the end like a rakkett, in the other a trapp wch serued instead of a lanthorne for to litte the staires ; then going upp 25 stepts more you haue
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
167
8
9 10
fa. II] Septemb' 1638
1 1
Sunday 12
13
14 and
15
an Atlas with his globe W* searues for a lanthorne ; then you enter the gallery wch is iust ouer the entrance of the lower story, the gallery being ouer the tarris borne with pillers to walke one all foure sides. The romes ansvvere to thosse of the lower story : one on side of the housse under ground is a uery fine grotto madde with rocke stones and shells, hauing statuas of white marble, being ualted one the topp hath but one hole to giue in lyte being eight cants ; on the topp of [thjis hole stands a table borne with a slender frame of iron, w1* is both ornament to the garden and a shelter to the grotto from rain. Mr. Paston taking uery good liking to this housse desired leaue that I might come to take a modell of it, which was granted.
Natiuity of our Lady Mary a great feast.
I went to Poggio Imperiale and toke the groundplott therof.
I drew it faire one a large shette of payper for Mr. Paston.
Mr. Thomas Gross, sonne to S' Charles Gross, tooke his iourney to Ligorne to goe for England (being accompanyed with Mr. Paston and his gentelman) ; I gaue him a lettr and he promised to deliuer it to my father him selfe.
I went to Poggio and drew the second story and front. I drew them faire upon large paper.
16
fo. ii b] Septembr 17 1638
taccordingtc the letter wh he write to my father from Rome 26" starling
18
Sunday 19
* Florence
crow[n]es
eachioiuliosf
20
21
(Mr. Paston returned from Ligorne) I drew the staires (of Michell Agnolos doing) going upp to the Library at St. Laurence's, being the rarest that euer I saw for so little, being but 15 steppts upp ; but to begin on the topp, comming out of the dore of the Library, you haue an long ouall harth- pace, the steppts being circular, answerable to the harthpace, with scrowles at each end ; you desend 5 staires, were you haue another plaine harthpace, not ouall but circular on the fore side & straight one the ends ; then you descend 7 stepts, were you haue another harthpace in manner of a uery long ouall by reason the staires in bredth are vvyder below than aboue ; from this you haue 3 steppts to the flower, w"* looke like rounde stones layed by chaunce on under the other, and as the staires grow wyder beneath then thayare aboue, so all the pedestalls deminish in perspectiue and the ballisters allso, now from the second plaine one either hand you goe downe 2 stepts, being one a square harthpace, you haue 9 stepts downe to the flower. No man cann imagine how g[r]ace- full thesse staires doe looke (by any discription) in the realty ; being (as I sayd att first) for so much the rarest studied things that one cane likely see.
I waited one Mr. Paston, who told me he had found an occassion of shipping att Ligorne to goe [to] Alexandria, but he thought itt no wayes conuenient for me by reason of the losse of my time and the great taxes that Christians pay entring Grand Care and other parts of Egypt ; but he told me he would doe me any courtesy I would desire him for my fathers sake or for my owne, so by reason of receiuing no letters I desired him to be pleased to furnish me and my brother with some money, wch he promised to doe ; that day I helped him to packe upp some of his thinges in his cabbinetts.
I waited on Mr. Paston and helped to packe his thinges.
I and my brother waited one Mr. Paston and dinned with him (after dinner he caused to be payed to us 100 piasters* without taking accquittance of our hands, being 35 pistolls, each pistoll, allowed att 16s, coming in English money to 28tt).t
I waited one Mr. Paston and gaue him a letter for my father w0*1 he would send with a letter of his owne.
Being St. Mathews Day, and a uery rainy morning, Mr. Paston tooke coach for Ligorne, with Mr. Bell and Mr. Seaker and Mr. Maxuull his seruauants, from thence to take ship for Alexandria. Mr. Kneuitt stayd behind, hoping to mett Mr. Paston at Rome when itt shall please God he returnes, wch he hopes to accomplish in six monthes.
168 DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
22
I went and saw the great brasse horsse with the picture of the King of Spaine, a-making by one Sr Pitreo Fack, the horsse in posture of mounting, from the ground to his eares 8 brach ; and Sr Fack said when itt is sett one the pedestal! from the ground to the horsse head wilbe 20 braces.
[pen and ink sketch of the statue in the margin
2 sketch- plans of fountain]
Thinges obseruable in Florence.
One the great Piasso before thepallace of the great Duke first the picture of Cosmus Medices 2 on horsse bake much bigger then the life done by John de Bologna, in brasse, standing on afaire marble pedestall, hauing att each end an inscription, on each side a story of bastreleua in brasse.
Next a faire fountaine all off marble, except one each corner sitts 2 satyres in brasse and a statue of women att 2 corners, att the other 2 men, of brasse, made by John de Bologna ; in the middle of the setterne one large statua made by a deciple of Michell Agnoloes in marble standing one a charriott being supposed to be drawne by foure sea horsses also made in marble, the figure of Neptune is supported by certaine tritons wch blow out water out of thaire twisted shells.
(/
. '
Then one of the sides of the gate of the pallace of ye great Duke a giant statua made by Michell Agnolo Bonoro: representing Dauid ; being a rare figure.
One the other side of the gate a giant statua made by Baccio Bandenello representing Hercules with a club in his hand and another man betwene his legges.
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
169
fo. 12 b.]
18 braches in height
The house by Benedicto da Maino the cornish by one Cronaca an Florentine archy:
Baccio d' Agnolo Florentine pauing part arching the coupelow
fo. 136]
fo. I4J Sept. 29 1638
3°
thesse 2 standing one faire pedestalls of marble with tabletts of porphrey, Baccio hauing his name sett vnder his statua but not Michell Angelo.
Also a Perseus in brasse hauing the head of Medusa in his hand his body lying under his feet.
a rare statua under one of the arches of a Sabina done with great art and curiossyty by John de Bologna.
Att the meting of foure streats a Hercules killing the Centaure made in marble by John dc Bologna, raysed one a faire pedestall of an ordinary stone but the statua in marble, being admirable to behold.
Before the church call'd Sl!> Trinitate a large piller of gray porphrey basse and cappitall of the Doricke order of whyte marble, a statua of Justice one the topp in redd porphrey ; raysed one a pedestall of marble with setts round about, and an inscription one one side.
In the church a uery fine staire going upp to yc hye altar, being of an acute inuention made by Johanne del Ponte, hauing taken a scizzo of itt.
a handsome bridge y' crosses the riuer Arno with foure statues of white marble representing the seasons of the yeare. On the other side of the riuer by the end of the bridge a prety conceyted fountaine of white marble, also a scizzo.
The staitly pallace of Strozzi built rusticke of the Tuscane order, hauing one the topp a faire cornish of Corinthian order w0"1 showes like a cappitall to the under part, so the upright of the liousse lookes like a Tuscane pillester the rustikes deminishing from the bottome upward.
In the Church call'd S' Spiritte a Lady Mary with Christ in her lapp in whyte marble coppyed after one done by Michell Agnolo Bonorotto, also in the sagristria 2 cappitalls done by Andrea Sansouino, also the steple thaire.
In yc frontt of S' Johns church the great brasse dores being rarely done ; ouer the dore a statua of St. John Baptists by Andrea Sansouino.
In the Duomo the varyety of inuention of the pauing, the figures about the altar bastraleua —the Salutation ouer the gate towards the Nunciatte in moysaike worke, the going upp of the coupelo being worth a seing, the upper lantorne, the going upp in a newell like a well into the coper ball one the topp — the figure of S1 John by the high alter.
The statua of St. Jacob done by Jac: Sansouina.
Three figures of t>rasse ouer the gate of St. Johns towards the Tremontaine rarly done by the direction of Leonard Vinci by Francesco Rustici.
In S' Laurences the new sagrestia with the rare tombes and statues of Michell Agnolo Bono: the Lybrary with the rare composed staire of Michell Agnolo Bono: being full of manyscrypts, one monument in an arch grated like a cord, of his doing also ; a rare desine in blake and whyte of the Lady Mary.
S' Croce the monument of Michell Agnolo made at the cost of one of the Medices, hauing the statues of Piture, Sculpture, and Architecture, with his owne efigies to the brest. Besyds uery many good peeces of paintings.
without the gates uery pleasent walkes with trees sett in order, att diuers places seuerall maenads done in fresco by Andrea dell Sarto & other maisters.
The chappie in hand of the great Dukes by St. Laurences ; for cost and beautiful! stone the richest worke on of them in all y° world.
the Nunciatto with the monuments of Baccio Bandinello, Andrea dell Sarto, Johannes Stradamus, and excellent peeces of bastraleua behind the hye altar done by John da Bologna ; other rare peeces of painting in the church, besydes the cloyster in fresco of Andrea.
In this church is to be sene the heads, the one of our Lady the other an angell, w^ thay hold was painted by a angell some say by St. Luke.
About the 18 houre I and Mr. Kneuitt tooke horsse att Florence to ride for Rome, being Michellmas Day; wee were to pay for horsse hyer 5 crownes a man.
Thursday about the 17 houre we came to Siena, where wee dined, hauing but little time to see so braue a twone by reason of getting forward of our ioyrney. VII. Z
i7o DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
October the) Being Sunday towards the euening wee came safe to Rome, hauing escaped the bandetoes
3 1638 ) wch lay in seuerall places ; most of the way betwene Rome and Florence being uery barren, hauing
scene diuers faire and strong fortresses wee past by 3 lakes, 2 being uery large.
4 St. Francisses Day wee walked in Rome, where we saw uery faire palaces as wee passed by, but especially y' of Farnesius, were stand the rare statuas of Hercules and the other of Flora, being so rare y' they take the luster of all other thinkes away after one has sene them.
Rotonda or the Pantheon, being admirable to behold, hauing but one light in the middle of the couplelo, being sufficent for all the church ; the portego before the entrance of the temple with collomes of Corinthian order, all in one peece of gray porphrey strange to see ; the ground in processe of time being soe much raised that you decend as much as att the first building you should ascend ; in this temple lies buried Raphyell da Urbino.
fa. 14 b] I went and saw the pallace of Princippe Parretta upon Mont Quirinalis, hard by the ruines of
Roma ioth Therme Deoclesiana, where we saw diners rare statuas and some paintings ; a uery pleasant large Octobr garden with many fountaines and statuas ; in the pallace a uery fine library.
1638 In the Campligdolio I saw diuers antiquityes of statuas and rare peeces done in fresco by
Cauelyer Josapino.
fa. 15] Cauelier Bernine.
Roma the 22 After foure times being att S< Peelers, one Friday morning the 22th of October I went to his of Octobr housse (with a young man a painter that spoke Italian), where I understood that he was not uery 1638 well. I sent him upp the letter; after a little pausse he sent for me up to his bedd side, who
when I came to him he told me that I was re[cojmended to a man that could not doe much wth such and the like complement] first, but after he told me that after 2 or 3 dayes he hoped to [be] abrod againe and y' I should come againe to St. Peelers and I should haue what I desyred, being in a uery good umour hee askt me whether I had scene the head of marble \vch was sent into England for the King, and to tell him the truth what was spoken of ill. I lold him that whosouer I had heard admired ill nott only for the exquisitenesse of Ihe worke but the likenesse and nere resemblance ill had lo Ihe King counlenannce. He sayd lhal diners had lold him so much but he could nott beliue ill, then he began to be uery free in his discourse to aske if nothing was broke of ill in carryage and how ill was preserued now from danger. I lold him that when as I saw ill that all was hole and safe, the wch (saythe) I wonder att, but I tooke (sayth he) as much care for the packing as studye in making of itt; also I told him that now ill was preserued wilh a case of silke, he desyred to know in what manner. I told him that itt was made like a bagg getherd togelher on the top of the head and drawne togelher wilh a slrink under the body with uery great care, he answered he was afraid thatl would be the causse to breake itt for sayes he in my time of doing of itt I did couer itt in the like manner to keepe itt from the flyes, fo. 156] but with a grea-a-t deaje of danger, because in taking of the casse if ill hangs all any of Ihe lillle
lockes of hayre or one ihe worke of Ihe band itt would be presently defaced, for itt greiue him to heare ill was broke, being he had laken so great paines and sludy on itt ; after this he began to' tell us here was an English gent: who wooed him a long lime lo make his effiges in marble, and alter a great deale of inlreaty and ihe promise of a large some of money he did gelt a mind to undertake ill because ill should goe into England, that thay might see the difference of doing a picture after the life or a painting ; so he began lo imbosl his physyognymy, and being finishi and ready lo begin in marble, itl fell out thai his patrone the Pope came to here of ill who senl Cardinall Barberine to forbid him ; the genlleman was lo come the next morning lo self, in Ihe meane lime he defaced ihe modell in diuers places, when Ihe gentleman came he began to excuse himselfe that thaire had binn a mischaunce to the modell and y1 he had no mind to goe forward with ill ; so I (sayih he) I relurn'd him his earnesl, and desired him to pardon me; ihen was ihe gent, uery much moued that he should haue such dealing, being he had come so often and had sett diuers times already; and for my part (sayth Ihe Cauelier) I could not belye itl being commanded lo Ihe conlrary ; for the Pope would haue no other picture sent into England from his hand but his Mai'y ; then he askt the young man if he understood Italian well.
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR 171
Then he began to tell y' the Pope sent for him since the doing of the former head, and would haue him doe another picture in marble after a painting for some other prince. I told the
fo. i6J Pope (says he) that if thaire were best picture done by the hand of Raphyell yett he would nott
uadertake to doe itt, for (sayes he) I told his Hollinesse that itt was impossible that a picture in marble cculd haue the resemblance of a liuing man ; then he askt againe if he understood Italian well ; he answerd the Cauelier, perfectly well.
Simile then sayth he, " I told his Holinesse that if he went into the next rome and whyted all his face ouer
and his eyes, if possible were, and come forth againe nott being a whit leaner nor lesse beard, only the chaunging of his coulour, no man would know you ; for doe not wee see y1 when a man is affrighted thare comes a pallnesse on the sudden ? Presently wee say he likes nott the same man. How can itt than possible be that a marble picture can resemble the nature when itt is all one coulour, where to the contrary a man has on coulour in his face, another in his haire, a third in his lipps, and his eyes yett different from all the rest ? Tharefore sayd (the Cauelier Bernine) I conclude that itt is the inpossible thinge in the world to make a picture in stone naturally to resemble any person."
1 waited on Cauelyer Bernine at S' Peters (being Twesday) ; he fauoured me so farr as to show me the statua that he had under hand in the church, and told me that for a while he should be bussy thaire, but when he had done and that he was att his housse I should be welcome to spend my time with the other of his disciples.
(This 6 of Nouember receiued a letter out of England with an inclosed letter directed to Sr William Hamilton] & 3 schuchions of armes to be inlayed in marble for the monument of my Lady Barkley.
The 9 I deliuered the letter to Sr William Hamillton and his answere was that the frend that had write the letter did oblige him so farr that what was in his power I should commaund.
By Sr William['s] meanes or desire wee obtayned leaue to desine in the Vigney of Lodouisius.
) Shipt into a uessell att Ripa Grande on chest to goe for Ligorne, from thence to England f directed to Mr. Bothhousse enbarked in the uessell of Peter Sarda of Ligorne, being packed with the schuchions for my Lady Barkleys monument, with 21 desines of my brothers, 46 six of mine, with a modell of the Satyre Martyns, fiue bookes of archytecture, diuers other prints, 14 peeces of plaister, 2 dryed rattes, all wch was inclos'd in the aforesaid box being rapt "in searcloth and canuas and bound about with a cord and marked N.S. N°. i.
Octobr the 6 Thursday I began to desine in Beluedere in the Vaticane in the Popes garden. fo. 17] Satterday. I went to St. Peiters and [waited] one Cauelyer Bernine from the church to his
Decemb' housse and showed him some drawings y1 I had coppyed after Raphyells with 3 orders of
then archytecture of my owne caprycio ; he was uery well pleased to see them and told me that
15 dayes hence he should haue finisht his statua then under hand and then if I would come to him he would first haue practice after some thinges he had and I should se his manner of workeing and then worke my selfe ; in the meane time (sayes he) I would aduise you as you haue begun to continue in drawing with chalke, beying uery necessary.
fo. i8J A discription of the wonderfull things of nature att Puttsole, of Monte Eusubius, and
Naples, 1639.
March 19. 1639 The Feast of St. Joseph, the husband of the Virgin Mary, wee tooke horse att Naples for Puttsole. In the way a little without Naples lyes a great hill called Pausilippo being a rocke of stone, on the topp wherof growes wine, w"* hill hath a passage cutt quite through itt, being in lenght about 1000 passes, wrought through! the mayne roocke in breadth that 2 wagons or coaches may passe on beside the other ; this they call'd Grotta Virgilia ; att the entrance wherof on the left hand aboue this grott stands the sepulture of Virgil wher in a great grauestone is this epitaph :
Qui cineres ? tumuli haec vestigia condidit olim,
ille hoc qui cecinit pascua, rura, duces.
Z 2
Octob1 26 1638
fo. i6b\ Nouembr 1638
August 3
1639 Septembr
17
172 DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
This grott by reason of itts lenght is somewhat darke ; in the midst is an altar wch hath con- tinueally a lampe burning before itt.
Hauing passed this grott we came to a side of a hill where is a grott or stinking hole call Musteto (?) or Buso del Cane, wherout comes such a dampe that any animall being put by force below a stroke or marke vvch the dampnesse showes inmediatly is stifled and dyes, and suddenly being cast into a lago named Aniano nere adioyning reuiues, wch experience I saw. Itt [is] sayd that Nero
fo. 18 b\ caused 2 slaues to be put in, one wherof was stifled the other reuiued by the same water. Nere unto this are diuers stuftes naturall by reason of the sulphure earth, were according to the seasons diuers come from all parts to sweat for the Mali Francesi, being built into little roomes with benches on the sides for to lay thaire bedds on. A little beyond this wee arriued to a place call'd La Solforata wch hath binn a hill formerly, now sprong open, so that decending into the bottome or plaine you see all the sides of ye hill remayning yett smoking, in some places smally, other more uehement, and especially on place, where itt burst forth so strongly that one is afraid to approch nye att first being so forcibly hoat that houlding a peece of iron in the smoak immediattly itt droepes as iff itt sweat; all the ground when on stampes or beates upon itt sounds so hollow y' one is afraid itt will fall in, rattling like unstrong ice. From hence wee went to Puttsole, were wee dinned ; afterward wee tooke boate crossed a corner of the sea, wher in the sea wee see diuers ruins, as also a bridge built into the sea hauing as yett 19 arches standing. After landing* being passed a good distance from the shoure on the side of a hill wee crept into a grot wch thay call Grotto d'Sybille Cummune, wch is extreme warme and hath a bath of coule water in itt, the grott being about 250 paces long. Next wee saw the Bath of Virgill, being a handsome vault'd square roome, hard by is a grott long and narrow, whose lenght none knowes the end by reason of the extrordinary heat wch comes out, breadth sufficient for on to enter at once, wch is so hoat aboue y' none is able to endure itt, but crouching towards the flower you are fresh and coule ; without this grott in the sea through the fo. 19] roocke proceed such a heat wch warmes the sea water thaire about enough to boyle an egge ; then
March 1639 wee tooke boate and passing along wee saw diuers ruines in the water, also the ending of Via Appia w0"1 runnes a good way into the sea, being a paued euen way, uery ancient, from thence to Rome ; also foundations where has stood anciently whole cytyes, amonge others of note was the place where Agrippina the mother of Nero was massicred, also her monument, being a large uault with sculpture bastralieua in stucco.
I went for Naples being Satterday, the first night wee lay att Valeter ; wher in the towne I saw
12 a statua in brasse of Pope Urbines picture setting on a faire hye pedestall of whyte marble.
13 Wee lay att Pippernij, were is the basest entertainment in the world.
14 Wee dinned att Terrenciny wher is extrordinary good muscadel ; wee lay that night at Fundy, the first towne of the King of Spaines.
15 Wee dined att Mola.
16 We dinned att Capua and arriued att Naples that afternone being Wensday. From Naples to Rome 121 miles.
The 13 of March 1639 Mr. Paston Esquire came to Rome, being safely come thair with all his company, hauing
binn a long and dangerours vyoage in Egipt as farr as Jerusalem.
The 19 of Aprill 1639 Mr. Paston departed from Rome for Venice, and so for England. fa- 2°] A short discription of the antiquityes of Rome. 1639.
First to begin with the bridge S< Angelo call'd of the antikes Elio, of treuertino, after wch you see the castell, wch was properly the sepulture of the Emperour Adrianus, one the hieght or topp
* although stood a pine apple (the wch I haue sene in the Popes garden, only 2 peacockes) of brasse of a
nott antique • , , .... ,
yett as in mirabolous greatnesse with foure peacokes of brasse, uery rare, wch were transported in the pallace
the waye of Beluedere. Passing this, beholding downe in the water the ruines of the Triumphall Bridge, ** whyte ouer wch passed anciently all the triumphs in Campidoglio from the Vaticane (after this beholde
the famous fabrike of the new church St. Peelers* built vpon a hill called the Vaticane, being beeunSofe brought to perfection by the Pope Paulo V ; after this beholde the pallace of Beluedere, where are treuertino eccellent statuas and specially the Laocon** and the Cleopater, Apollo, Antenus, Nilo and the peece of
the body thair sitting. Hauing scene thesse, come backe to the gate of S' Spirito,*** and when you are
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
173
fo. 20 b]
passed out looke vpward on your right hand and you see a church call'd S* Honofrio, and beginning thaire all along to Sl Peter e Montorio, all this hill the antiques call'd Janicolo, now see below, from S' Honofrio towards Sl Peter e Montorio was the circle of Julius Ceasar, of a great largnesse or vvydth and lenght as is scene ; passing from this you come hard by S' Maria in Trasteuere, where you se a church w* was call'd La Tabernia Moritoria of the godly Romaynes, for when the poore souldiers came thither dismembred, lamed, or disgraced by warr (to understand thosse weh millitar'd for the people of Rome), if thay were waxed ould, here thay are gouernd or car'd for, and rest to their Hues end ; and before the hye altar is a place wch when Our Sauiour was borne thaire sourged forth a fountaine of oyle of great quantitye (wch church is repar'd and adorned with a most braue seeling by Cardinal! Aldorbrandine).
Afterward walke towards Ripa and admire in all thosse gardens, churches and housses were you see that w0*1 was calFd (Arsenale de' Romani), by w°h you may iudge what greatnesse itt hath binn, were you may see the tracke or foundacion of itts being.
Now to see or vew things against the Ripa. You find one your left hand an iland w°h the
antiques called Tiberina, were now is the church of S' Bartolmew and of S' John Golabita, wher are
the brethren call'd the Good Brothers of thair good doing (being an hospitall for straingers); in
this iland were 2 temples, the one of Joue Licarino the other of Esculapius, and if you will
can* se^bu" "must*" obserue tn's iland, itt has binn in manner or forme of a shipp* ; yett to this iland are 2 bridges
beleiue tradition to enter, named by the antients one Fabritio, the other Cestio, \vcb now are call'd by noe
fo. 21] other name then Ponte Quattro Capi.
of treuertino Hauing scene thesse wee turne towards the Trasteuere, were wee find a streat streight out wch
of treuertino way leads to another bridge halfe broke, call'd the bridge of S1 Mary, by the ancients the Brigde of the Senatorye (or Ponte Senatorio), att the foot of w°h you find a pallace wholly ruinated, call'd according to the uulgar the pallace of Pilate, but the more iudicious hold itt nott so. Adioyning to this you see an ancient temple of the moune and opposite one the contrary hand another of the sune, most antike ; hauing passed this onwards you see a church calld S' Maria in Cosmedin, call'd the schole of the Grekes, in the loggie or entrance thairof is a peice of white marble round of a great largnesse in \vch is the liknesse of a face, the vvch uulgarly is call'd the mouth of the truth (or Bocca de Uerita), hard by this you see diuers mines by the Tiber wch anciently were call'd Ponte Sublivio, where Horatio Coclate combated againset whole Tuscanye; and going under this hill one the brinke of the Tiber towards Saint Paule you shall find on your right hand a vinia within wch the Romaynes had 140 graniryes, \vch wer exceding great, as the ruines expresse W* are within the vignia of his Excellencye Duca Cesarino.
Afterwards being passed this and going towards S1 Pauls wee found a place like a medow where the Romaynes used to make thaire Olimpike games, and in this medow wee saw a hill ancffrowne ouer caN'd Monte Testaccio, made of pottsheards, for thay say [ajdioyning dwelt potters whosse with short grasse usse was to bring togither thaire peeces of potts.
of a course And beholding att the gate of S' Paule wee saw a pyramide most ancient walFd in the cytty wall,
^ was tne sePulture °f Cestia, one of the 7 Epuloni, as the letters doe manifest. Going a streit right out from the gate of S1 Paule turne one the left hand in the streat of S' Prisca, you arriue att St. George, and neighbouring to this church is a magnificent arch call'd Arcus Janu.t by whosse ruines may be coniectered the beautifulnesse of itt and following by a right streat itt brings you to St. Gregoryes, were passing wee saw great ruines of fabrikes, one wherof as yett haue three orders of collumes, one aboue the other, called the Settizonio di Seuero for being of the seuen orders of collomes.
Hauing scene this a little below wee saw the Terme Antoneane made by Caracalla, maruelouse and delightfull to see. Going towards St. Sebastians little streit one the left hand you arriue at S. Stefano Rotondo, wch anciently was the temple of Faunus, and hard by wee see certaine great walls, the wch thay say was an aquadukt W^ went to Campidoglio, and in this place is the hill called (Monte Celio).
Passing by this wee came to St. John Laterano, wher you se more antient fabrikes, and in the middle of this piazzo is a great piramide ingrauen with karacters brought out of Egypt, and
fo. 21 b] little to be scene
short of whyte marble
tof whyte marble fo. 22] one each front 12 neaches
of bricke
74
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
fo. 22 6]
J curiously fabrik'd of brickes, as by the small remaynes appeares
Little or nothing to be scene being of bricke
of marble
inuentor Michell Ang. Bono: one the inside unfinished
fo- 23]
of whyte marble
fabricked of large bricke
built of treuertino
fabricked for the most part of large bricke
fo. 23 b]
in my time a great part pull'd downe
of treuertino one the out- side, bricke within
fa- 24]
approching thair is a braue frountaine. After going from thence towards St. Croce in Jerusalem, and before the church you find a place halfe under ground, where was the temple of Venus, wher is her feast celebrated euery yeare on the 20 of August, and one the church itt selfe of St. Croce thay say the theater thaire hath binn of the Statilio Tauro,t made of brickes uery well and curious, being uery large accordingly as may be iudged ; here also thay [say] hath binn the pallace and the feild Sessoriano. The church was built by Constant]' ne the Great.
Hauing scene thesse wee turned towards ould Rome and keeping a streit streit towards Porta Maggiore wee came to a ruine, uery ancient, were stood the trophyes of (Mario) the wch stand this day before Campidolio nere the horsses of marble.
Afterwards comming towards Rome passing the arke of Gallieno call'd now the arke of S. Vito, yett unruinated, where hangs the keys of Tiuoly.
Next morning walking out towards towards Porta del Popola, anciently call'd Falminia, wch gate ioynes to the church of St. Maria del Popolo. This church has binn repaird by Pio Quarto ; in the midle of the piazzo before this church stands a great piramide with Egyptian caracters fronting 3 seuerall streits wch runne in one point at the obeliske going towards Trinita de Montei under wch mont antiently was the great circle of Augustus, and were you see now the church of the Holy Trinity — all the way to Monte Cauallo thay was anciently the gardens of Salust, the wch must be beleiued by reports, now nothing thaire to be scene.
From thence wee went to Monte Quirinale, wch now uulgarly is call'd Monte Cauallo by reason one the topp of this hill fronting the Popes pallace stands 2 great statuas of white marble wch figures Alexander the Great who tames his horsse Buchephilus, wch two statuas where made att strife for fame by Fidia and Praxitelis, antique, famous sculptores.
Nott farr from hence began yc stuftes of the Emperour Constantine, reaching as farr as S' Susannah ; on the other side of the stuftes was the senate or consell of matrones for poore widdowes & orfrines; and first wher the Romaines did usse the altar of Apelline wch was within this place.
In the end of this streat is a handsome gate inuented by Michell Agnolo Bonorotto called Porta Pio, being built new by Pio Quarto.
From hence passing out of the cyty a mile or thareabout you arriue to S' Anese, a temple antique wher nere adioyning is the temple antique of Bacchus with a porphrey sepulture uery rarly wrought.
Within this gate of Pio towards Monte Cauallo one the left hand stands the ruines of Terme Dioclesiano, a great part whereof is conuerted into a church dedicated or consecrated to the Lad}' Mary of the Angells ; it is reported under this terme are diuers wayes and grotts, one going to Campidolio, another passing underground aboue a mile without Rome to S' Sebastian, a third passing under the riuer Tiber to the Vaticane wher stands the Popes pallace, with diuers others whosse end are nott knowne ; [it] is reported according to records yl att the building of fabrike thaire labour' d for the space of 14 years the number of 40 thousand Christians by the authorytie of Dioclesiano and Mastimiano Emperors.
Not farr distant from hence in a vigna of S. Antonio was the maruilousse temple of Diana, wher the Romaynes did make thair sacrificyes to the sayd goddesse ; on the other side, wher stands the church call'd S' Martino, stood the temple of Mars; where now the church of S' Maria Maiores was the temple of Iside, greatly estemed anciently by the Romaynes; att the bottome or foot of this hill you see the church call'd St. Prudentia, wher antiently were the stuftes or hole houses Nouariana.
Hyer, were now is the monastery of St. Lorenza in Panisperna, was the stoues (or hote housses) Olimpie, uery large, as by the remnants appeares ; in part of the tracke or limitts now dwell the poore gipsyes, this was call'd Monte Viminale. Passing by this wee saw a hugh and migthty ruine of a theater antiently call'd Theatro di Vespasiano, vulgarly now the Collesiea, thinking that in the world hath nott binn the like so maruiglous fabricked composed in that manner and largenesse, being numbered to hold foure score and seauen thousand people each to see uery commodiously when the Romaynes made any spectacle ; they say that here the Bishop
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR 175
of brick
the best bastraleiues that are in Rome
of whyte marble
brick: peeces of whyte marble col- lomes and other orna- ments
collomes of a mixt marble grenish
70.246]
Corinthian order of whyte marble
incredible by mee
halfe in the ground
St. Ignatio was torne in peeces with lions ; this worke or fabrick was raysed in eleauen yeares, hauing in that time allwayes labouring 30 thousand men.
Aboue this Collesiea, taking the [way] towards St. Johns Latterano, hard by the church call'd St. Clemente, a conuent of brothers, on the left hand the first little streat wee saw a terme call'd the 7 halls, built by Titus Imperator for a bath or terme. Turning the same way towards Collesiea and passing through itt, neare adioyning wee saw the Triumphall Arke of Constantine, being uery where are some of rare of composure, with curious sculpture, being fabriked of white marble.
Neare this, in the garden of the brothers of St. Maria Noua, wee saw the ruines or fondation of the temple of Serapi ; passing this wee saw the arke of Tito and Vespasian, w^ was built when thay triump'd of Jienisalem. Forward wee saw the Mont Palatine, now call'd yc Palzzo Maggiore, wher thaire is now a plesant vigna of Sig. Farnese, and adioyning to this wee saw the ruines of Templum Paci, made by Vespasian Emperour ; nott farr distant from this was the temple of Castor and Pollux, wher now is the church of St. Cosmo and Damiano, & neere unto is part of the temple of Marco Aurelio and Faustine his wife, daugther to Antonino Pio; his pallace was behind the same temple, now the church of St. Laurence; against this was a most braue temple dedicated to the goddesse Venus, now call'd S. Maria Liberatrice dall' Pene dell' Inferno. In the middle of Campo Vaccino stands 3 collomes on w* thay say was a bridge from Campidolio to Palazzo Maggiore, and here (itt is sayd) was the sage Curtio where he cast himselfe in for the good of his country. Here stands the arke of Septimio, all of white marble, of the order Composita, uery large ; nere arke is the church of S' Adriano, antiently the temple of Saturne. The arke wch I haue named before, made by Lucio Settimio Seuero, W* stands att the foot of the hill off Campidolio, being a uery handsome worke, this arke he caused to be made when he * most basely had conquered the Parthians, wth storyes of victory being sculp't * one each side of the sayd arke. Nott farr from hence, one the side of the hill, wee saw 3 collomes allmost under ground, \vch were Corin : order of the temple of Concordia.
To be be- From thence wee arriued one the topp of the hill call'd Campidolio, antiently call'd Monte
ifaufn-Hu by Tarpeio, where stood the temple of Jupiter, wch being once burnt was neuer restor'd.
Neigbouring to this was a temple dedicated to Ceres upon this place ; att this day wee saw a man one horsse backe representing Marco Aurelio Imperatore, wher on the left hand wee saw a statua of the god Panario, aboue the head of the statua Maforio putt in this place by Pope Clement the Eight, being accommodated to carriage of the water, and makes a handsome fountaine. From hence wee return'd a little streit, att the foot of Campidolio wee saw certaine deepe seen^only ^ cesternes made by the Romaines for to hold salt and grane, call'd Horti Anticamente. storyes Hauing passed this, hard by S1 Mario della Consolatione nott farr distant we saw the arke
1 of treuertino Boario and the theater of Marcello t where now Hues the famyle of Sauelli, and near this theater was the temple of Pieta, now call'd St. NicoR>. A little distance from hence towards the fishmarkett was the Portalls of Ottauia, sister of Augustus, now little of the foundation to be scene ; entering in S. Angelo in the Pescaria, thaire are the Portalls of Lucio Seuero, anciently itt was the temple of Juno.
The 3 morning wee went to see Piazza Collonna, where stands erected the collome of Antonio Pio, built by Marc: Ant: hauing 206 stepts to ascend to the topp, 66 windows, with the statua of St. Paul on the toppe, of brasse, repaired by Sixtus Quintus Pope. After wee went to the Piazza di Pietra, where wee saw the temple of the virgin Chastitye ; after that wee went and saw the Troian collome J nere unto Madonna d' Loretth, wch hath 185 staires to ascend and 45 little windowes for ligh[t] on the inside, on the topp wherof stands a statua in brasse representing St. Peter, itt is reported att first thair stood on top an urne with the ashes of the Troianes, repaired also by Sixtus V Pope.
Then wee went [to] the Pantheon, built by Marco Agrippa, the rarest estem'd frabricke of all the antiques, now call'd the Rotondo for being round, whosse hyght is answerable to his breadth or deameter, taking from thence the name of Rotondo or round, of w°h I shall declare more particular in another place K ; this was consecrated to a church by Boniface the Fourth, and lately is partly new
report noth- ing to be scene
A 25] Little or
of whyte marble
70.256]
J of whyte marble rare bassa- reileuaes
0 Folia 58 [i.e. fo. 286, originally P-58]
176 DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
fo. 26]
restored by Urbanus 8 now Pope of Rome. Wee turned afterwards towards the church of S' Maria upon Minerua, being antiently call'd by the same name of Minerua, but since itts originall has ruinated with other most statly fabrikes ; thair is now in itt 2 braue organes made att the cost of Cardinall Borghesse, thair stainds also a statua of Christ in white marble made by Michell Agnolo Bonorotta one the bake side of the Rotondo, where stueffes of Marco Agrippa ; and behind
v/he-e is now a church S' Eustachio, where the stueffes of Nero, wch are partly to be sene yett, some
a pal lace building att
Medices'
foundations uery large by Palazzo Madama.
the charge of Afterwards wee passed Piazzo Nauono, where euery Wensday is a markeit kept by the
the family of lewes, att the one end of this piazzo under the great pallace of the famylye Orsini wee saw fastned the statue of Pasquine, who was (as itt is reported) one of Alessander the Greats souldiers, being a most rare peice of sculpture but now demolisht by the fannalij who haue
abused & painted itt.
Thesse being a short description of the Antiquityes of Rome as I myselfe haue scene them, with relations from others, of wch diuers particulers I intend to expresse more att large when I am more pratique.
fo.z6b] 458 foot 150 foot 608 foot
469
150
238 foot 40 foot
94$ foot fo. 27] or as some all four 1 10,000 n
fo. 27 6]
diametr feet in.
.3 l distance
5 *
St. Peelers Vaticano Roma,
the inuention wherof was Michell Agnolo Bonorotti in forme of a iust crosse whosse longitude and latitude was 610 palmes, but finding the church would be to little according to that intent itt was inlarge in itts longitude to 200 palmes more (so y' now itt is 810 palmes in lenght) by Paulus V Pontifax Max of Burgosius housse, itt is in hyght from the topp of the crosse aboue the coup'leo to the pauement 625 palmes; this church amongst all other famous buildings in the world of late dayes is most marueilous and may be compar'd, according to the opinion of prudent men, to the workes of the antients. The great coupelo, a worke much admiration for the largenesse and hygh from the ground, was built by Sistus Quintus, Pope of Rome, whosse deamet' of the vault is 200 palmes, and is account'd the hyest fabrike in Christendom. In time of the building wroft continually more then 600 men (as Dominico Fontano Archytect expresses) with great diligence and cost ; the name of the archytect by whom itt was perform'd nam'd Messer Giacopa dalla Porta. On the front before the entrance itt hath braue loggia in lenght 317 palmes and brod 53, being costly finisht out with marble doores each being in height 34 palmes £ broad 18 ; hyght of the sayd loggia 106 palmes the valture being desined with curious sculpture wroft of stucco enriched with gould.
The Maggior altar of brasse made by Pope Urbanus the 8th, now liuing, being in hyght 126 palmes, each piller being in forme twisted or knobb'd is cast into 3 peeces each waying 7000" one piller waying 21,000, accounting 12 ounces to each pound ; all is of cooper from the angells downward, the rest is made of furr cloathed with copper gilt with gold, the expence of w0'' altar cost aboue 600 thousand crownes, that part of the church according to the first desine is most costly furnisht almost in all respects, the flower being paued with marble wroft into seuerall workes ; the great coupelo wroft into figures of the apostles and angells all of moisaiake workes, all the pillasters cloath'd with white marble fluted, the little pillosters or pedestalls under the impost of the arches wroft and inlay'd with diuers coulours of marble. All the altars besydes the Maggior are made in one manner, each hauing 2 large collomes antique taken from Therma Dioclesiano, being in number 44; and to conclude absolutely itt is the most maruelousc fabrike and best composed that is in the world of moderne times.
Att Tiuola, distant from Rome 16 miles, stands a little temple antique built on the Corinthian order, uery well wroft, but itt is now much ruinated, being in forme round hauing a walke round about borne upp with pillers in number 18 each, being in deameter three foot on inch, the inter- collome or distances betwene piller and piller fine foot and \ an inch, w°h is one deamef and
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR 177
Thesse two thirds, distance betwene the collomes and the wall fourc foot eleauen inches, the thicknesse of
the walletwo foot foure inches three qrs., the height of the temple within the cleare or springing of
me by an the arch twenty fiue foot or thareabouts ; the height of the base of the pedestall almost eigthtene
archytect inches, the cleare of the peddestall hye fiue foot and a halfe, the cornish or cappitall of the
fronfserTij (?) pedestall fourtenn inches and a half, the heyght of the base fiuetenne inches, the heyght of the collomes 19 foot 7 inches, the heyght of the cappitall is 2 foot 9 inches, the heyght of the archytraue fresse and crornish, being to much ruinated, could not so neare measur, but itt is about fiue foot — the doore or entrance being only with iambes wroft with an archytraue mould, a cornish on the topp in height 17 foot 3 inches and the breadth at bottome 8 foot 3 inches, being narroer aboue, thare in breadth but 7 foot 6 inches f, the iambes 20 inches \, aboue scarce 20 inches, the height of the fresse n inches three quarters ; the thicknesse of the cornish aboue the dore is 16 inches and a \ ; this temple hauing 2 windowes w*11 were in breadth 3 foot 10 inches and in height 9 foot 8 inches, deminishing also lesser aboue, the iambes 12 inches \ face, the cornish of the
fo. 28] • same hyght. The rest of the members I haue obserued for memory in my bigger booke desined, this temple hauing binn couer'd with a coupelo, but little of itt now standing.
Little or Another temple downe towards the riuer, much ruinated, built in manner of a long square wth
e halfe pillers one the outside, with a portigo att one end borne upp with pillers of the Corinthian order, being in deameter 2 foot 7 inches £, the archytraue fresse and cornish running round about breakes upp with a frontespeice att each end; the temple in lenght 35 foot 3 inches, in breadth 21 foot and a halfe, the thicknesse of the wall 2 foot 4 inches, the heyght of the pillar with base and cappitall 23 foot & a halfe, archytraue fresse and cornish 5 foot 10 inches. The frontespeice doth nott rise high and couped, but lyes uery semly low and flattish. The temple is raysed from the ground 7 foot on a pedestall ; but the whole much ruinated, little to be sene but the semetry of what itt hath binn.
fo. 28 b\ The famous edyficies of the antickes \vch are scene att Rome, amongst all the Pantheon is most
handsome, being a worke so compendious and well understood, that being on body with diuers members thay all correspond and agree to the whole with such a symphathy that one is taking with the consederation of so goodly a sight. The wise archytect who was inuentor hath chosen the most perfects forme to understand itts roundnesse (from whence uurgarly it is call'd the Rotunda), because within the heyth is iust the same as itts deameter ; also the archytect consedering that all things W* proceed orderly must hauing on principall and head by wch depend all the inferiour members, so this fabricke hath on only light in the toppe or crowne of the coupelo, and from thence distributs to all parts inferiour alike, as by experience I haue sene itt, that all things hath thaire perfect and nescessary light. Thaire be also six chappells, wch are made in the thicknesse of the wall, who haue neuerthelesse light sufficient by force of a second windowes aboue the sayd
fo, 29] chappies, so thatt the lesse things in itt hath part of the light, and nott only the worke itt selfe hath
so great a grace, but also a person entring seemes wlh such greatnesse and maiesty that itt is wonderfull to behold, w*1" proceeds from the celestiall light, neither was this fabrickt without great consediration, being anciently dedicated to all the goods, wherin stood many statues ; wher were many tabernacles & nicches itt was needfull to haue each thaire conuenient light, w0"1 is in this edyficye so well perform 'd as possible may be ; for to returne to my reason, I say and I have heard that this Pantheon according to the iudgment of understanding archytects is compar'd to be the best fabricke'e that euer was scene. Itt was consecrated to the worship of God by Boniface Pope; the founder, as I haue heard, was Marco Agrippa.
Att the entrance itt hath a portico borne with eight pillers one the front (of the Corinthian order), being seauen distances deapth, three pillers and a pilloster being three distances, each piller in deameter 4 foot 1 1 inches, the distance or intercollome 6 foot i inch, hauing within this a portico
fo. 29 b \ att the entrance of the doore, wch is in large 30 foot on each side, wch makes the lenght of the whole gallery or portico, itt hath on neach being in breadth 7 foot 6 inches, the iambes on the sides i foot 6 inches, the doore or entrance in wydth 19 foot 10 inches -J, the lenght or deameter of the church within 145 foot 6 inches, the heyth being the same, the hole or light one the toppe in deameter 27 foot 4 inches £ ; the six chappells in wydth 19 foot 1 1 inches $ ; the cheife chappell, fronting VII. A a
T 78
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
against the entrance of the doore, is in vvydth 22 foot 6 inches, the pillers off the chappells deameter 3 foot 7 inches %, the collomes of the altars wch stand betwene the aforesayd chappies i foot 6 inches ; the thicknesse of the wall of the church 23 foot, in wch thicknesse are made the aforesayd chappells, and in the thicknesse are varietyes enough. Itt is sayd that the foundation is one solid lumpeor masse extending a great way without the bounds of the walls: thesse dementions fo. 30] aboue written as I my selfe haue mesured hand found them ; thesse following as thay were giuen
from an a[r]chytect who sayd thay weere truly mesured, and to begin without first, were now by processe of time the ground is much raysed, and by reason thaireof you must now decend to enter, * 4 foot \ itt hath bin formerly raysed on seauen stepts to ascend ; the pillers of the portico are in deameter* six palmes and twenty nine minutes, butt the height is of each collome is palmes fifty foure and twenty nine minutes without base or cappitall ; the bases are in height three palmes and ninetene
y%^* ^
C\
ff tl liJL4fr
Vitruuius makes the lonick and Doricke but a six part of the wydth ; but this is of the Corinthi: order and shows uery well to the eye
fo.
minutes, the cappetolls in height each seauen palmes and thirty seauen minutes, the height of the archytraue fiue palmes, the fresse in height fine palmes and thirtene minutes, the cornish in height foure palmes and nine minutes. Thay hold that the space of the frontispeice was couered with figures of siluer. The vvydth of the doore twenty six palmes and a halfe.
The iambes or pillesters are on eight part of the opening or light, and itt is sayd that this dore with itts iambs and head was wroft all of on peice of stone.
306] The archytraue fresse and cornish aboue the dore, as itt is sayd before, the archytraue on eight part of the vvydth of the doore, the fresse nott being carued is a third part lesse then the archytraue, the cornish the same hyght of the archytraue. The collomes wch are about the Pantheon are man}', whe[re]of some are flutted, of the wch thosse of the great chappie against the entrance of the doore are most artifycially wroft, the circumference being deuyded into 24 furrows or flutes, each flute is
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR 179
nine minutes and a halfe, the filletts with the bottell like an astrigalle is foure minutes & a halfe, the bootell is three minutes, so thair remaynes one and a halfe, wch being equally deuyded, each fillett is three quarters of a minute. Thesse Huttings are uery grassefull to the eye ; also the bases of thesse collomes of the great chappell are uery well proportion'd, being in height two palmes eleauen minutes and a halfe, and thus deuyded the plint underneath is minutes ninetene in height, the torus or under bootell is seauentene minutes, the fillett aboue is three minutes and a halfe ; the firs' scoria or hollow is eight minutes and a halfe, the filletts under and aboue the astrigall is £ a minute
fo. 31] each, the two astrigalls is six minutes and a halfe, the fillett under the upper bootell on minute, the
botell seauen and two thirds of a minute, the fillett aboue or under plint of the piller 3 minutes, the proiecture of the whole basse is minutes twenty three, the rest in proportion as is here marked on the margent. Within the church as aforesaid are six chappies, two whereof are semicircles and the other foure are long squares, but thaire fronts are all correspondent on to the other, each hauing in the front 2 round pillers and att the corners 2 square, wch makes 3 distances, the deameter of each collome is fine palmes wanting three minutes, the height of the base is 2 palmes and twenty one minutes, the height of the collomes without cappitalls is forty palmes, the height of the cappitalls is fiue palmes and thirty minutes, so that the collomes with thaire base and cappitalls are each in height forty eight palmes, the height of the archytraue fresse and cornish is thirtene palmes and
fo. 3iA| a halfe, this whole being deuyded into tenne parts, three are giuen to the archytraue, three to the fresse, and foure remaynes for the cornish, the wch cornish is much commended by iudicious archytects, hauing placed the modiglions or cartuses nott hauing cutt the denticles, nott falling into that errour in w°h are many of the ancients and also thosse of latter times, wch fault of all cornishes that haue thaire modiglions and denticles cutt are vitious and reproued by Vetruuius in his fourthe booke in the second chapter, the w°h in this cornish, although itt haue the forme of denticles, yett being nott cutt cannot be dipraysed nothing in this fabricke, aboue this cornish a pedestal! in height, the height vvherof is seauen palmes and six minutes, being relieua because the pillosters aboue are also relieua, the height of wch with thaire archytraue fresse & cornish is thirty palmes and thirty six minutes, the wch being deuyded into, fine parts on is giuen for the height of the archytraue fresse and cornish, the wch archytraue and cornish being well deuyded hath part of itts members earned and part plaine, so that the on confonds nott the other
fo. 32] butt giues uery good illustration to the eye, betwene the pillosters and ouer the middle
intercollome stands a window w°h cast the light w°h itt receiues from aboue to the chappells below, betwene the other pillosters is inlayd with tables diuyded into certaine spaces, the fresse under the first cornish is most fine porphrey ; within the sayd six chappells stand tabernacles or altars, and in the deuision of the sayd chappells betwene each in the church stands on, being in number about the inside of the church and in the six chappells 14, each hauing 2 pillers of porphrey in deameter is 2 palmes each and heyght without base or cappitall 16 palmes, the base in height on palme ; the height of the foot or pedestall wheron stands the pillers is 9 palmes and 12 minutes, the height of the cappitalls are 2 palmes and a halfe each, the archytraue one palm, the same height the fresse, all of porphrey ; the height of the cornish is on palme and a half, breaking upp into a frontespeice w0"1 is high fiue palmes, and by reason that the cornish
fo. 32 6] salleys more then the thicknesse or relieua of the pillosters from the naked of the pillers, thay
haue made only the upper part to hold itt forme conuerting all the other members into a facio ;
wch makes a difference and showes uery gracefull to the eye, the archytraue wch incloses the
altar peice is one palme and three quarters. Thesse cappitalls being of the Corinthian order, with
thosse of the chappell and of the portico, are held the best cappitalls that are to be found of that
order in any fabricke, and bygenerall report of all understanding archytects is held (as I haue sayd
the palme before) the most compendious workewith the best proportions that maybe, no part giuing offence
12 partsValFd to tne eye butt a" agre'nS witn great correspondency. The coupelo is deuyded into squares W*
ounces each haue anciently bin couered with siluer relieua in storyes ; the collomes within the church of the
°Unvf 'nt° 4 chappells of whyte marble, the flower paued with marble and diuers most large round peeces of
minutes porphrey, sinking towards the middle for coueayance of the water w°h enters att the celestiall
and sole window.
A a 2
i8o DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
fo. 33] May the 18, 1642, my brother Henry Stone and I departed Rome about noone, the first night
18 wee lay att Castellnouo being 16 mile from Rome.
19 Monday we lay att Otricoli wch is a little cytty on the topp of a mount.
20 Twesday Wee passed in the morning through Narni, a cytty ancient, as showes itts remayn[d]er of
a bridge thaire to be scene of marble, being now remayning one arch of 200 foot wyde built of large peeces of whyte marble ; the sayd bridge crosses a riuer call'd Nara, the cyttye being situated long and narrow one topp of a hye hill hath within 3 fountaines, whosse water is conducted thither 15 miles. Atte none wee passed a little cyttye call'd St. Jemini ceated one a hill ; att night wee arriued att Todi, handsome cyty situated one a hye mountayne wch ouervewes all the uale of Ombria.
21 Wensday wee arriued att Perugia, cytty likewise seated of one the topp of a uery high mo[u]nt, were we
remayned till Friday morning ; in this cytty wee saw diuers peeces of Peitro Perugino, the maister of Raphyell, in St. Peters church, the said church hath itts colomes of blake marble, an alter uery fo. 33 b] neatly inlaid of seuerall coulers of marbles.
23 Friday wee departed Perugia, and passing through the uale of Ombria, country uery plenty and
delightful!, wee saw in our way the ruines of an amphytheater, att none wee arriued to a church call'd Maddona degli Angeli, the church being uery largely begun and as yett unfinisht, neare adioyning is a cytty called Assisi, wher St. Francisco was borne, whoss body lyeth interr'd in an ould large chur[c]h, thesse places your Romans hould great deuotion. That night wee arriued att Folignio, cytty situated in a plaine uery pleasant.
24 Satterday wee dinned att Seraualla, uillage situated strangly in the Apenine mountaines, tis said that
Hanniball of Carthage passing that way was afraid to see himselfe in such a trape as thaire Nature hath made. That night wee lay att Tolentino, cytty were St. Nicholas was borne, whosse body is thaire kept with great ueneration. One the great Piazzo is erected a statua of a woman of marble thaire found, w** showes the antiquitye of the place. The cytty is seated in a uale passed the Apenines.
25 Sunday morning wee passed a cytty called Macerata, seated one a hill ; afterward wee came to a cytty, also f°- 34] °ne a hye hill called Recanati, being new cyttyes ; about none wee arriued att Loretta cytty, were
wee remayned till Monday att none. Loretta is situated on a hill nye the Adriaticke Sea or uulgarly call'd the Golfe of Venice — this place hath infinite resort of pilgrimes and others for the great deuotion that thay hold thaire to the housse of the Lady Mary; thither transported (as thay manifest) by angells from Egypt. The church hath a handsome front with a piazza before itt, and a fayre fountaine in the middle with ornaments of brasse ; before the church is the statua of Sisto Quinto Pope of Rome in brasse one a fayre pedestall also of brasse. One side and end of the piazza is fayrly built with galleryes but partly imperfect ; in the apothecary housse thaire wee saw diuers rare potts or vases painted by the desine of Raphyel da Urbino, uery curious.
26 Monday att night wee arriued at Ancona, seaport and cytty famous for itts antiquitye ; one the mola stands fo. 34 b] an arch triumphal!, built of marble by the Senate of Rome, in honour of Inperatour Troiano ; in
this cytty wee «aw 2 rare peeces of Titiano, the one being a Flight into Egypt the other a peece of deuotion of saints praying to the Lady Mary. This cytty is situated one the side of a bending hill and from thence takes itts name Ancona, wch in Greake signifyes an elbow or bending arme, hath itts hauen towards the north butt shallow.
29 Thursday wee embarked ourselues for Venice. That night wee harbored at Pesaro, wch cyttye was
fabricked by the Romaynes 1 19 yeares befor Christs comming, stands hard by the riuer call'd Isauro. This hauen is also choaked with sand and not fitting for great uessells.
30 Friday night wee arriued att Rimini, a cytty uery ancient ; about the great piazzo stands diuers peeces of
marble pedestalls thair found, also on the said piazzo is erected a statua of Paule Quintus in brasse, one a pedestall of marble ; this cyttye takes itts name from a riuer named Riuino wch passed one the west syde thereof, ouer the sayd riuer passes a fayre bridge built of marble (built by Augustus) hauing 5 arches whosse lenght contaynes 200 feet in wydth 15 ; itts pedestalls or rayling f°- 35] also of marble wroft of the Doricke order ; in a table is expressed the titles of Augustus Caesar
and in another thosse of Tiberius, in the wch mencions the finishing of this bridge 778 since the
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR 181
beginning of Rome by the Consulls C. Caluisio and Gn. Lentulo, hauing binn formerly begun by order of Augustus — this harbour is also undeape to bear vessells of great burthen.
June i. Sunday att night wee rebarqued ourselues, and hauing a fay re gayle of wynd wee sett forward for
2 Chiozza, were wee arriued a Monday att night, hauing passed by were the riuer Po finishes his
course in the Adriaticke Sea. This cytty Chiozza belonges to the Venetians ; consists most of
gardeners and fishermen ; stands in the sea neare adioy[ning] to firme continent. Here they tell
of miraculous Lady Ma[ry] thaire. From hence to Venice are 20 miles, betwene wch places stands
f°- 35 ^J an i'and call'd Malamucco where our English ships ride.
June 3 Twesday wee arriued at Venice. This noble cytty being situated in the sea contaynes many a well built palace, braue and neate churches adorned and paued with marble, abondancy of rare paintings, store of ammunition &c. Thaire I saw the pallace of Grimani, hauing in it many statues of marble ; att my being att Venice was faire time, so that all the piazzo of St. Marke was filled with boothes. One one side of the said piazzo is the pallace of the Duke of Venice, w0*1 pallace hath one the north side the church St. Marke, one the east end a canale, one the south the sea, one the west the piazzo. This pallace, being for the most part of a Gottiqe architecture, doth one the end w^ is towards the sea extend itt self 300 foot in lenght, making 36 arches of 10 foot wyde each, the front towards the piazzo is cloathed with whyte and a reddish marble and hath 72 arches in the front ; the part behind seemes to be of a later building, being of another order and built of a whyte stone w^ they haue out of Istria.
fo. 36] Ouer the gate or cheife entrance stands (towards the piazza of St. Marco) the winged lion
and a duke in whyte marble — within is a large court, against the foot of the great staire stands the statues of Adam [and] Eua, r[e]nowned statues by some thaire but by me not so well approued of — att the foot of the said stayre stand two great statues representing Mars and Neptune — in this pallace is to be sene 3 uery faire halls, one wherof is the place wher thay giue audience to all ambassadour[s], att the end whereof is pictur'd the Duke, and Venice in forme of a Quene a-crowning of him ; another where is painted all about the prouincyes w0'1 the Venetians possessed ; and so to passe to the greatest hall wee passed the tribune of the Counsell of 10, being a roome somptiously adorned and gilt ; in the other greatest hall they dispence of publicke offices, this being an 150 foot long and 73 wyde hath a fayre carued roofe all richly gilt and adorned with peeces of paintings ; att the end of this hall is painted by Tintorett a Paradise w1'1 imployes all the said end.
fo. 366] Hard by this place is an armery \vch is seldome opened unlesse upon great princes comming
thither, yett wee hauing good lucke attayned the sight thairof, hauing in itt ammon[i]tion, 1500 gentelmen complete armour. Att the end of this armory is sett upp as a monument the armour of Henry 3 King of Fraunce. On the end of one fayre hall is painted a mighty peece oi the ludgement, done by Tintorett.
Next adioyning is the church of St. Marco, a fabricke uery costly but of shape or proportion to me not pleasing, but within brauely adorned with mosaiake worke, the pauing also laid into curious workes. Ait one altar are 4 small collomes of transparent alabaster whom thay hold thaire uery rare — in this church are uery rare iemes : first in the tresure of St. Marke thare be 12 crownes and 12 breast heads ornate with rich stones as rubies, smeralds and topases, also pearles of much bignesse ; thaire be also 3 unicornes homes, 2 being uery large, diuers uases of gold, agate and jaspar, also upon the capp or crowne wherwith the Duke is crowned is a carbuncle of inestimable ualew, besides diuers and many siluer candelstickes, uases, calices of great ualew W=h
fo. 37] are thaire — in the porch of this church thay show a stone of red marble whereon the Emperour
Fredricke lett the Pope Adrianus 3 sett his foot upon his necke, upon this stone are grauen thesse words
Super aspidem et basilijsjcum ambulabis.
This church hath 5 cupeloes couered with lead. Ouer the cheife entrance of this church stand 4 brasse horsse, antique, brought by the Venetians from Constantinople. Fourescore foot distant and in the front of the said church stand a hye and fayre steeple of 40 foot square, in heyght 230, upon the topp wherof is a braue uew of the situation of the cytty. Att one end of the great piazzo
182 DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
of St. Marco stands 2 faire collomes brought from Greece ; one the one is the winged lion, one the other a statua representing St. Feodere. Halfe a myle distant and against the piazzo is the chur[c]h of St. George, where in the refettorio or dining place of the frates is an extraordinary
fo. 376] rare peece of painting of Paulo Veronesse representing the wedding att Cain and Gallele, a peece
for itt largenesse, good painting, richnesse in ordering, so rare as in the world can be sene. In the schole of St. Marco upon the piazzo of St. Gioan: & Paulo the rare and ouerflowing inuention thaire expressed in diners peaces by Tintorett wondrously performed.
In the church of St. Gioann and Paulo a deuine peece of Titianno of a St. Peeter Martyre ; in the aforesayd schole a rare peece of Georgion ; also in St. John de Realto a rare peece of Titian of a St. John distributing almes, also a St. Sebastian and St. Rocco of Pardenon — in generall this cytty abounds of as many rare peaces of ye paintings of great maisters, namely Titiano, Paulo Verones, Pordenone, Georgeon, Palma and others as any one cytty doth or more (excepting Rome).
Before St. John & Paulo stands on a hye pedestall a famous captaine Bartholomeo Colione in brasse guilt.
fo. 38] Here is to be sene the most famous magazin of armes in the world, call'd the Arsenale,
situated in one corner of the cytty neare 2 castels or forts inclosed al about with hygh wals and of the sea ; into the wch you can enter only at one gate and one canale of water by the wch thay 'conduct thaire galleyes in and out ; itt is sayd to be in circuitt about 3 myles, wherin continually thay make diuerse workes (and engines military), but foure are the princypalls, to witt, wood worke, iron worke, mettall and cabells. Here you see such abundancye of wood, great part lying under water, also framed galleys great and small, the Dukes vessell of triumph call'd the Bucentor, also such prouision of masts, rudder, oares, chaynes as is wonderfull ; the infinite store of bulletts, nayles, and dayly thay found or cast brasse ordinance of all sorts, likewise the aboundancye of cords, cabells, sayles ; all these particulars being distributed into seuerall offices, and continually is thaire
fo. 38 b \ imployed great store of artificers, some thaire be thairein borne, bred, and end thaire dayes, within
like a little world, being built great store of housing, under the wch thay preserue dry thaire uessells, many being finisht, others begun, other ould hauing bin in seruice thay are a-restoring ; also you see great halles of armour of defence richly stored for sea fights, also others full ot armour of offence as pickes, swords, bowes &c. being stored with small armour and great as mosketts, falconetts, cannons, halfe cannons, duble peeces, columbrines &c. Amongest the rest I haue sene diuers peeces of artylyrye with three nossells, euen to seuen, the wch thay cale organes, instruments made more for magnificence than usse and seruice of warn Thesse particulars are so politikely and neatly gouerned, each as aforesayd in his seuerall office, that itt is a great delyght to behold them ; in short, heare the commonwealth hath in readynesse so well for land fights as sea
fo. 39] fights such store of amonitions of defence and offence that on a sudden thay furnish as thay terme
itt a municyble army. Now the Bocentor in this Arsenale being adorned soumptyously with gold and richly carued goes neuer out but once a year on the Assention Day (wherin is the Duke and princypall senators with great pompe) to the mouth of the Adriattike Sea, were after great cerrymones hee sposes the sea by throing in a golden ring to show that thay are predominators of that sea.
This cytty is sayd to haue 17 rich hospedalls, 67 parrish churches, 54 conuents of frats, 26 monestares of nunes, 18 companyes, 6 scoules, 56 tribunes or seats of iustice, 10 gates of brasse, to witte church dores.
fo. 396] Also thay report for a glory to haue 200 sort of fish. Itt is sayd in this cytty are 450 bridges
of stone, wherof Rialto is the cheife, being of one arch w°h crosses the great canale, being in
stepts
breadth some 130 foot or 40 large passes ; upon this arch (being the famousest that euer I saw) are built 24 shopes coue'd with leade, to witt one each syde 12. You may pass this brid[g]e by three order of staires, to witt, in the middle by staires deuyded into seuerall rests or hathpaces contayning 66 stepts, and one each syde, that is to say without the shopes, to passe 145 stepts. Thay also report to haue in Venice fourescore thousand gondalles, this I leaue to the censure of thossc that know more than I. This cytty is uery popolous.
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR 183
In one island call'd Zuecca is \ a mile a church "built by the architecture of Palladio. Alt Morrane, an iland a myle distant from the cytty, I see the making of glasses; uery curious to behold thaire diuersitye of shapes, imitating agate, smeralds, and calcedonia &c.
fo. 40] Some 20 myle dystant from the cytty nature hath made itt a strong defence from the Sea
Adria(tike], being croked like a bow, in lenght as is reported 35 miles, hauing 5 opening to enter or passege for shipping.
The situation of Venice as from the steeple of St. Markes appeares hath one the south the Adriatike Sea, one the east the mountaines of Carnia and Istria, one the north the Alpes call'd the Grisons couer'd with snow, one the west the Apenines, w0'1 runne through all Italy, on the north west thosse mountaines call Euganyes lying hard by Padoa.
21 being Satterday att night wee tooke boate for Padoa, were wee arriued Sunday morning about 9 a cloke, this passing being in a riuer one whosse bankes by the way wee saw many pleasant garden housses. This cytty is situated in a playne, being in forme triangular, hauing towards the east the sea, some thirty myles distante, towards the north and south fertill feilds, and one the west the mountaine Euganei ; itt is wall'd with double walls and depe diches ; thaire passes through
fo. 4O/>| and about itt the waters call'd Brenta and Bacchiglion, the deuyding themselues into diuers
branches brings great commodity to the sayd place, also the diches of the said towne arc fill'd thairewith ; in this cytty is to be sene 2 great chu[r]ches, the one call'd St. Antony of Padoua (being a Spaniard by birth borne att Lisbone), the other of Su Justina ; in the former is a chappie dedicated to S' Antony wherin are 9 bassareleuas expressing the rniracals done by the said S1 sculpt in whyte marble, 2 whereof be of Andrea Sausouina, the rest more ordinary ; in the middle of the said chappie rises an altar, upon the wch are seauen figures of mettall done by one Tissano Jspetti a Paduan, the roofe or sealing being done of stucco, the pauement of marble and porphrey. The said church in forme chathedrall hath 6 cupeloes couer'd with lead. Without this church towards one corner is erected a brasse horsse with a man one itt one a high pedestal!, representing a valarous captaine that had serued the republicke, call'd or nam'd
fo. 41] Gattamelata of the cytty of Narni ; this worke was done by Donatella Florentine.
In the church of Sla Justina, the wch being new and nott as yett finisht, was erected a pedestall for the hye altar neatly inlayed in diuers workes of seuerall coulou'd marbles; the quire hath the backes of the seates all carued into storyes of the Birth, Life and Passion ; the pauement uery neate and hatli boxes with braue stands for people to spitte in. Tis sayd this church hath a hundred thousand crownes reuenew.
Here also I saw the greate hall of the cytty call'd Palaggio della Ragione, being in lenght 256 foot, wyde 86 foot ; without this hath one each syde staires to mount to itt 4 wayes and a gallery. Here also I saw in the housse of one Doctor Corrodino diuers raretyes and little peeces of antiquytyes, and in diuers other priuate housses some good paintings. Also I saw the scholes,
fo. 41 b] and thaire theater for anottimising; here is some fragements of an ampheteater, to witt some heape in way like rubbish. This cytty is built all with gal le ryes, so that one can walke all the cytty oner in rayney whether dry; here is abondancy of all food and the best bread of Italy.
25 Wensday afternoon. Wee departed Padoa towards Bologna; the first night wee lay att a place call'd
Anguilare, where wee were basely used by the ost, greiueously tormented by the mugges, being situated in a low marrish ground.
26 Thursday Wee arriued att Ferrara, being a fronter of the Popes, where att midnight the wach came to
see our tiketts ; wee saw the pallace castle wyse, this being an unholsome ayer as any in Italy ; the Po passes by this cytty one the east side; this hath large streat and well built, with diuers great piazzoes, but seeme to be a malincolly place.
27 Friday Wee arriued att Bolognia, seated almost att the foot of the Alpes, \vch are from thence south fo. 42] —towards the north the fertill feilds betwene that and Bolognia, at the east the way that lyes
towards Rome call'd an[c]iently Via Emilia ; some will liken this cytty to a ship, itt being built long and narrow with a hye steple in the midst call'd Torra degli Asinelli, wch represents the maste ; this cytty being 5 mile in compasse, but hath no fort all for defence ; here is great aboundance of all neccessaryes, according to thair prouerbe, Bologna grasso. Itt abound also
i84 DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
with silke ; this place has but one piazzo, but that is uery large, where thare stands a faire fountaine of marble with statues of brasse, the greatest representing a Neptune done by John da Bolognia, Low Cuntry man. The streits of this cytty are streit and couer'd with galleryes after a staitly manner ; by the side of the great toure stands another awry call'd Torra de Garisenda— fo. 426] here is also a uniuersity without the cytty ; opon the topp of a little hill is a conuent of St. Michell, were thaire be rayre peeces of Ha: Carratio and other maisters, neare adioyning also a rare peece of the hye altar Guido Reni. In the cytty are many rare peeces, especially one of Raphyell de Urbino being the extreames rare peece that euer eye beheld, some also Dominikino and of Guido the Caratties. This place is uery pleasant.
28 On Saterday mor[n]ing I spoke with Sr Guido Reni and se his worke. In the euening about sunne sett
wee departed Bolognia and that nigh[t] went to a place call'd Piauoro being to the foot of the Alpenines. Next morning we breakfast in the mountaines at a place call'd Loiano, forwarder we came to a mount call'd Scarca 1'asina, so call'd by reason of asprousnesse (wch is to say, Unload you[r] asse, mening almost impossible for a beast to clamber up layden), then wee fo. 43] came to a castelett call'd Fiorenzola, belonging to the great Duke (a little before wee came to
this place wee enter'd the great Dukes Staite); here wee passed a shallow riuer and assended to the topp of the Apenines, leauing on our left hand a most profound and deape ualley, the w°h (if thay lookes to much doneward) dissells the head of passengers, being uery dangerous thareby to fall, the way being narrow and uery troblesome continues for three mile in lenght without finding any place of repose (unlesse iust on the topp is a little bettall). Being decended from this mount wee came at Scarperia (so call'd because scarpa is a show, and this place is att the foot or bottome of the Apenines, being a beginning of pleasant country of Tuscany) ; so hauing
29 aduanced 50 miles from Bollogna wee came to Florence one Monday morning, hauing rode all July 3 night, were wee reuewed thosse places that formerly wee had scene, so that the Friday following fo. 43 6] wee tooke our ioyrney towards Pisa in the euening, were wee arriued the next day by none ;
4 that night being Satterday wee arriued att Liuorno, wch is the cheife port towne of the great
Dukes State and schole for our merchant, itt being a pretty built place, the streats crossing all att right angles, leauing in the middle a handsome large piazzos, at the end wherof is a faire chu[r]ch ; most of the front of the housses are painted in fresco and upon diuers are eccellently painted diuers sea fights betwene the great Dukes gallys and the Turkes done by Augustine Tasso in his time of being a slaue thaire.
6 Monday morning wee [took] a foluco (a boate so call'd) for Genoa. The first night wee arriued att Porta Veneri, hauing made that day threscore miles ; this port being uery good harbour, being like a ponde inuyroned by hills, and hath a narrow place to enter, where wee gott in safely and lay all night.
fo. 44] 7 Next morning the raging billowes so swelld att the mouth of this port by reason of downeright
winds that came from the [top] of the adiacent mountaines that wee were uery nye casting away (had not God preserued us>, and being gote out wee sett sayle, and before noone thair arose such tempest that wee for safety were forced in att a place call'd Sestra de Leuante by noone, where wee lay seabound foure dayes, yett the rayging sea continuing one Satterday wee tooke horsse for Genoa, being within a dayes ioyrney, but the worst way to ride that euer mortall passed, first for narrownesse of wayes one the sides of hye mountaines that either stumbling or slipping wee were to breake our nakes or to be drouned, next the passing of some hills so stepe that to gayne them the wayes are mayde windine like to ascents of staires, that itt semed almost like upricht walls, but hauing passed all thesse dangers we arriued att Genoa that night, hauing had fresh horsse 3 times that day.
fo. 44 6] Genoa being the head citty of Liguria is seted one the sea side, being open thareunto for the
most part unto the south ; tis held to be good ayre (but I am sure itt was uery hoate), neither is this citty seated one plaine nor alone on hills, but partakes of both and as thay (the Genoesyes) hold itt to be the principall port towne of Italy. This place is maister of the He Corsica, wch upon occassion cann yeild them aboundants of souldiers mens reputed valorous; the Republicke send to this iland euery two yeare a gouernour ; this cytty hath itts harbour forced and mayd by art and industry, hauing had one mola or banke into the mayne sea for the procuring of safety for ships to ride, with wch
DIARY OK NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR 185
formerly thay haue made shift with, but to thair losse diuers times, by reason that the south west winds doe sometimes [blow] outragiously into the mouth of thair harbour, so that thay are fo. 45] now a-building another mola or point into the mayne sea almost opposite pointing to the ould
one ; att our being thair itt was built nye upon fiftene hundred foot, w1'1 was reported to be halfe of thaire intentions. The first getting of foundation is as followeth : thair being great profoundyty as att the least 60 fatham, thare are inployed hunderd of men and small boates to layde from the workes adiacent (being blake marble) the said botes and unnlayd them in the sea where the intended banke shall stand u[n]till such times as thay come to a fatham and a halfe or thareabouts to the topp of the water ; then thay haue boates made like great chests, into the \vch thay lay and fabricke with great stones and orderly (hauing good tarn's) the said boates full ; w°h done, thay draw itt ouer the place (wher thay intend itt shall for euer stand), continue still laying more wayte till thay ouermaister the said uessell and causse itt to sinke downeright, and doing so with diuers one
fo. 45 b] before another thay make a strong foundation to the leuell of the water, and then thay built with large stone orderly aboue water, making a handsome parrapctt wall ; ana the end next the worke thay haue left an open, the W* causses the said banke to ressist lesse force then if all should haue bin dammed and closed ; the worke thay causse to split by force of gunpowder. This worke for itts wastnesse is worthy of remembrance amongst our moderne times. Thay account the circuit of this hauen about 5 mile, being longer then broad. This cytty is straitned in itt situation and so conse- quently hath itts streats uery narrow but loofty pallaces the wch causses the cytty to be darke and malincolly in many places. Itt hath some handsome churches, as the Geisii, and St. Siro, St. Matteo also being a little church built by Prencipe Doria, uery richly gilt and wroft with stucco and some paintings of good maisters. The Publike Pallace is nott finish!, but as itt is begun to be clothed with marble would be a staitly place ; towards the mola itt hath a handsome gate of order Rustica.
fo. 46] The pallaces of this cytty are fame to bee well built and good archytecture and inded some are
(but not so loud as the world boasts of) ; the best are in one streat call'd Strada noua, were stands the pallace of Prencipe Doria, also some handsome housses be without the cytty in diuers gardens for sommer housses. In the Pallace of Prencipe Doria are braue painting in fresco of Perin del Vago and Pordenone, in the Pallace of Sr Allessandro Giustiniano thare [are] some antiquityes of marble, amon[g]st the rest a sleping Cupid w1*1 thay make great account of, also in some other gentelmens
[MS. breaks off here at foot of page; next 2 pages (ff. 46 b, 47) blank. On fo. 47 b are sketches with a scribbled entry :
Mr Strowd English merchant
liner souses '
for 20s of gold English coyne I had 12 15, being 15 sousses more than the allowance.]
(Sketch next page.)
VII. B b
f, •<«,<*.
•-
/
•i . V-
si^&ii
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
187
1638
The expenses of Nic: Stone in the cyty of Paris with my brother
fa. 48 b\
17 New stile H Satterday The 7 of Aprill when I
came to Paris the first
nighte lodging and
supper H Sunday Dinner H Supper 9^ ^
N Supper 19! )
N Sunday night in earnest of our
chamber or logding H going into the housse of
Luxinburch H Monday Dinner H Supper 5 |
N Supper 19! )
For carriage of my port- mantle from Depe to Paris
N Twesday Paper N Carriage of my port-
mantle
N Dinner
N Supper
N Wensday For a loafe N Dinner
N Supper )
Supper )
N Candells
N Thursday Dinner N Supper
N Friday Dinner N Supper
N Satterday Dinner N For a locke for my port-
mantle 10
N Wasshing of lineing
N Supper 13
H Supper 15
Some of dyett > for the weeke >
N Sunday 2 | boate hyer
H boate hyer 2 } the 24 of Aprill
H Dinner
H giuen to see the Bishops housse 5 •>
N giuen &c. by Paris 5 f
Souses
o 26
o 17
o 28
o 58
o 02
o 19
o 24!
H H H H H H H
H H H H
|
II |
|||
|
H |
|||
|
o |
64 |
H |
for menc |
|
o |
06 |
H |
for 2 clo |
|
H |
for mast |
||
|
o |
04 |
H |
Thursda |
|
o |
24^ |
H |
|
|
o |
09 |
TT |
|
|
o |
°7 |
If |
Dyall |
|
o |
18 N |
Friday |
|
|
o |
13 N |
||
|
o |
09 |
N |
|
|
44 |
N |
Satterda |
|
|
o |
H |
N |
lost at te |
|
0 |
16 |
N |
lost at te |
|
I) |
IO |
N |
|
|
o |
'3 |
N |
Wa |
|
o |
18 |
|
o 14 o 28 |
N N N N |
|
3 '24 |
N N |
|
N |
|
|
4 |
N |
|
14 N |
|
|
N |
|
|
19 |
|
|
I B b 2 |
Supper
Munday cheese bottle
Wine
r'dishes Twesday for bacon
for bread for H Mutton
N 02
for wine H for a chape for my sword -8
salt
oranges & leamonds - Wensday wine
beere
bread
salletts
ng his spurr 03
is primed 16
ot 03^
wine
bread
beife
4
Dinner Wine Supper Dinner
nis 6 souse 4 dubbles nis 19 Supper Washing of linnen
2 weeke
Sunday Dinner 1638. 2 of May Drinke
Supper
A Comedy att Paris Monday dinner to see the gallery at Luxinbourch
Supper
Lost at tennis 10 Twesday Dinner
Supper sous
6 10
02 IO
04 15
12 08 OI
3
04 04 02 06
ii
°3 06
ii 04 20 18
19 6
14
16* 16
25 °\
21
19 19
1 88
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
A 49]
N N N N N N N N N N
N N
N N N N N N N N N
N N N
N
N N N N N
N N
N
N
N N
N
Lost tennis 6-4 Wensday Dinner Lost tennis 16 Drinke Supper
Thursday dinner supper
Lost at tennis n Friday dinner Lost at tennis 5 Supper payd in earnest to goe to Founton-
blewe
Satterday dinner for supper the first night going )
to Fountaine Bellew
3 weeke
Sunday dinner at Fountaineblew to yc carter Lodging and diett i night Monday breakfast
dinner
Seing the Kings housse att supper
Twesday giuen ye mayd for a guide from Fountayneblevv
to Meulline being 4 league breakefast
for boote hyer to Paris for supper att Paris
Wensday dinner at St. Dennis
to see the golden worke
for drinke
for 2 prints 5
for candells
for supper
Thursday for dinner for supper
Friday blacke chalke for dinner
«
for 2 pistolls
for 2 cases and boxes for
powder for powder and bulletts
16 352
25*
21
04
2O 23 46
23 60
33 25 27
37 40
20
23 22
46
359
26
13* 04
01 23
25
04 18 fra:
21 OO
OO
15
N
N
N
H
N
H H H H H N
giuen to drinke for ye pistolls Payd in earnest for to ride to
Lions 20 franc for supper
Satterday for dinner for ribbinn
for money book 10 souses Washing of linnen 137 fran for Henryes sword 4
for his linnen o — 7
Supper
for seing the Lowuer for a collation with Taylor
N
N N
H
N H H
H
5 oo
31
29 6
10 °5 17
2491 359
608 all
Att Marsely I had but a new hilt for my sword, for our 2 pistolls being uallued att 8 liuers
Sunday 16 of May 1638
for dinner for supper for candells
Monday for dinner
for mending the hilt of my sword 6 sow for 2 leather capps for 3 handkerchers - 21 sow: for
himselfe for mending his coate -12
1 8 of May Twesday we tooke horsse for Lions
For our breakfast fran:
For our chambr at Paris Payd for our ioyrney to Lions and before 20 wch is 90
for our portmantles carrijng the portmantls to y*
posts
to ye oastlers to ye coblers boy at Paris
'5 01
18
22
4 70
21
OO
08 12 06
o 14
IO
89
DIARY <)K NICHOLAS STONH, JUN1<
i8c>
i638
For our dinners at Molin on Whitsu[n]day to Pycarcl tho messenger
a crowne or —
to Florence the 20 of June dep: for Rome the 29 of Septembr 1638
a pistoll 30 iuliotts
10 liners 15 iuliotts
3 lions 4 cratts is 5 iuliotts
one liuer 12 cratts
one iulia 8 cratts
a peaster 7 liuers
a peaster 10 iuliotts 4 cratts
a cratts 5 quatrines
a quatrine 4 dena^'es now out of usse att Florence but not att Genuoa -a sold 3 quatrines 20 sold a liuer. 13 sold one quatrine a iuliott
36
3 7
|
at Lions Henry bought a halt with a band, sil : att Lions I bought 2 payre of ruffes and ribben for 2 table bookes |
9 10 i 04 * 4 |
|
ii 18 |
|
|
att Vienna Henry had to change his sword for changing my halt at Marsely for i shirt for Henrey and 2 payre of boate hoose a locke for my portmantle fa. 49 b | Passage from Douer to Deipe coming a shore horse hyer from Deipe to Roan one day 2 dayes Coach hyer from Roan to Paris Carriage of my portmantle from Deipe to Paris 20 souses a euery liver French 2s English liuer With the messenger from Paris to Lions being 8 dayes ioyrney the carriage of my portmantle Boate hyer from Lions to Auignion horsse hyer from Auignion to Aix Carriage of my portmantle Coach hyer from Aix to Marsely Carriage of portmantle Passage from Marsely to Ligorno Boate hyer from Ligorne to Pisa Coach hyer from Pisa to Florence liuers To Mr Weston Taylor att Paris for making a shute of clothes '15 |
2 I4 4 oo 2 05 06 IO* °3 4 liuers 5 oo o 3 °4 33 °4 |
|
liuers souses 45 oo 04 06 04 oo 03 10 oo 17 01 13 oo 07 05 oo oo 05 04 10 |
|
|
69 8 |
|
|
Florence 22 Septembr 1638 euery Spanish pistoll weight yeilds euery peice of eight Spanish |
liuer cratts 20 oo 5 8 |
1 was att Florence 14 weekes 2 dayes \vch cost me dyett and logding 25 crownes wch is 26" per annum.
190
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
FIORENZA.
fa- 5°1
Italian
Roma
iuli
dinner 3 Supper 4
1U.
at 20 per mense
liners cratts sold
fo- 5° *] Septembr 22
1638 Florence
an English shilling 15 cratts
The booke of prints of the show upon the water entertainment of the \ great Dukes mother in the yeare 1608 a paper booke to draw in and paper
the prints of the masque att the marrage of this Duke Ferdinando ii loosse paper or prints for a drawing of a horsse
the 3 parts of the Booke of the life of paint. Sc. Ar. The booke of Euclides geometria the booke of the ruines of Roome Eosopes fables in Italian
from the 29 of Septembr 1638
To the vitrine for horsse hyer from Florence to Rome 5 dayes
for dyett betwene Florence and Rome
the first night in Rome supper
the ninght of October in earnest of my chamber
for ribbing for a payre of show strings
the 9 of October for a paire of English stockings y' I bought of Thomas
Wattkinson an English taylor for a payre of showes the 10 of October for Ouid in Italian for a quire of blew paper for -| a quire of writing paper
for [carriage] of my Portmantle from Florence to Rome by the conduta for searching of itt at Florence for searching of itt att the Custome Housse att Rome and carriage to my
logding
01
03 01
02 OI 04
03 04
oo
°5 oo
00
08 04
oo
04
00
10
oo
oo
00
oo
00
oo oo
00
oo
|
iuliotts |
biocs |
qua |
|
52 |
05 |
oo |
|
32 |
oo |
oo |
|
°5 |
oo |
oo |
|
10 |
05 |
00 |
|
OI |
05 |
oo |
|
16 |
oo |
oo |
|
07 06 |
05 oo |
oo oo |
|
02 |
°5 |
00 |
|
oo 08 |
°7 oo |
oo oo |
|
°3 |
oo |
oo |
02
oo
oo
liuers
for euery pistoll Spanish I haue 20 and euery pistoll allowed att i6s English j I demaund how much one shillinge is worth
liuer
I answere as i6s to 2oliucr : so is Is to !•§§
that is, if 16 shillings yeild 20 liuer, one shilling is worth 25 sold (euery sold being 3 quatrines
liner
and 20 to a liuer / wcb is i^55) \vch makes 15 cratts being 12 to a liuer.
October 1638 for euery peaster of Florence yeilds 10 iulios and 5 bioccks Rome for a crowne or dukatine 10 iulios
a Julio 10 biocks
a grosse 5 biocks
a biock 5 quatrines
u
a carline 7 biocckes 10 julios a crowne
a iulio is the 10 part of a groat more then 6d euery crowne being s d
5. 4 wch is 10 iulios
iff a pistoll Spanish yeilds 3 crownes att Rome allowed att i6s English : 15 pistolls makes 45 crownes wch is att the former allowance 12" starling.
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
191
22. 1638 Decembr for a payre of showes
5. 1638 Decembr to a fenching maister for a monthes teaching
16. 1639 Aprill to my fenching maister
17. 1639 May to my fenching maister 17. 1639 June to my fenching maister 17. 1639 July
Jo. 51] Here I begin my Account
iu. b
7- 5
10 iulios 10 iulios 10 iulios 10 iulios 10
Roma
for a Kiuer to draw upon
iulios biocs qu 02 05 oo
This 30''' of October 1638 I with my brother Henry and 2 young Duchmen from Utrecth hyred a housse for \ a yeare betwene us foure and wee are to pay after the rate of 40 crownes per annum, wherof wee hatie giuen in hand before, a scriuener 3 months pay being 10 crownes, y' is each man 2 crownes \ the housse without stole, bedd or any other houssehold stuff
By Monte Trinitate
|
for a qts housse rent |
25 |
oo |
00 |
|
|
s |
for a quire of gray drawing paper |
01 |
°5 |
|
|
for paper and redd cholke |
02 |
oo |
oo |
|
|
for a key of my portmantle |
or |
oo |
oo |
|
|
Nouembr 9 |
for a lanthorne |
02 |
05 |
oo |
|
1638 |
for a lampe |
OI |
00 |
00 |
|
for a glasse and oyle |
oo |
06 |
oo |
|
|
for wax littes |
oo |
02 |
03 |
|
|
for blake chalkc |
°3 |
°5 |
oo |
|
|
for a stoole |
oo |
07 |
03 |
|
|
for a cloth for my picture to be painted on |
02 |
oo |
oo |
|
|
for a little chest with a looke |
04 |
oo |
oo |
|
|
for turning the topp of my iuory box |
O2 |
oo |
oo |
|
|
for a pott to fech water in |
00 |
05 |
oo |
|
|
deduction and |
1 |
|||
|
the like so |
i for prints of Spanioletta |
07 |
00 |
oo |
|
marked |
1 |
|||
|
for a paire of sturrop stockings |
05 |
05 |
00 |
|
|
for a letf sent into England |
OI |
°5 |
oo |
|
|
for a imboysting stoole |
06 |
oo |
oo |
|
|
for 2 dragonetts or dryed ratts |
20 |
00 |
oo |
|
|
for a print of Raphyell |
00 |
04 |
oo |
J'o. 51 b\ The 22th of December 1638 I and my brother Henry gaue an accquittance to Pierro Piscatorium, Roma a Duch merchant, for the some of 300 duccatts of the band of Venice, being part of 900 vf* he is to
giue us creditt for (hauing order from Giorgio Eduards of Florence, he from Baudouarise (?) att Venice, and he from Mr Guttar of London) ; the same time we haue receiued the value of a 100 duccatts, being 83 crownes of 10 iulios apece, and a note under his hand for the payment of the other 200 duccatts or 166 crownes att any time whensoeuer wee come for itt, \vch will make the some of 300 duccatts wch wee haue giuen accquittance for.
192
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
|
/If a 100 duccatts of Venice be worth 83 crownes of 10 iulios, what shall one ducc: yeild ? Itt shall yeild 8 iulios T%% part of a iulio, wch is 3 bioccs / y' is as 100 duccatts is to 830 iulios so is one J duccatt to 85^0 parts. |
|
|
1639 1639 fa. 52]' 1639 open space fo. $2 by I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n 12 Roma 18 Aprill 1639 |
a duccate at Naples 10 carlines a carline 10 granes a graine 2 turneys / 40 ducckatts |
|
/ Receiued att Naples of Gasyer de Roomar 37 crownes at Rome the 8 of Aprill of Piscatore 40 crownes |
|
|
the 12 of May of Piscatore 10 the 24 of May of Piscatore 30 the 28 of June my brother 06 j" July the 2 the rest of our accquittance 43] The 9 of May 1639, being Monday, paid the residue for the scuchion aboue mentioned, being 16 crownes, to Sr Domenico. The 29 of June, being St. Peeters Day, agreed to make the last schuchions, being the 2 former impall'd, agred to be neatly made for 30 crownes, to be finisht in 2 months time ; pa)'d in earnest 5 crownes, and the rest he is to haue as the worke goes forward. July the 16, 5 crownes. July 30, more 5 crownes. crownes August the 20, in full of the said schucion — 15 Rome lat. 41.20 long. 38 Venice lat. 44.50 long. 37 Padua lat. 44.45 long. 31.10 Bononia lat. 43.33 long. 35.50 Ferrara lat. 44 long. 36 Millan lat. 44.40 long. 33 Pauia lat. 44 long. 33.5 Turin lat. 43.45 long. 31.30 Florence lat. 42.35 long. 35.50 Pisa lat. 42.40 long. 35 Sienna lat. 42.20 long. 36.15 Modena lat. 13.50 (sic) long. 35.40 Mr Paston payd me 10 crownes for the desines of 5 palaces W"* I drew for him. |
|
|
Roma open place |
the 2 August 1639 my brother had receiued since the 15 of Aprill to the day aboue sayd 20 crownes 7 iulios 4^ blocks, wch ioyned with the 46^ before receiued makes together 69. 2 |
|
Roma Altering one schuchion e-crow. Septemb1' 7. |
1 At top of fo. 52, crossed out : The 25 of January ^~-, being Wensday and the Conuersion of St. Paule, I agreed with one Sig: Domenica, stonecutter in Rome dwelling in the Coursa, for the inlaying of one scuchion of armes sent to me out of England for the monument of the deacesed Lady Barkely, ye wch if he doth performe neatly according to his promise, he is to haue 22 crownes, wherof payd in hand 6cron:, being agred in company of Sig: Robert and Francisco. Netherlanders. - At foot of fo. 52, crossed out : The 28 of Aprill 1639, being Thursday, agreed for the making of another schucione for my Lady Barkeleyes tombe, for wcb is to be payd, being neatly performed, 15 crowens, wherof giuen in hand 5 crownes, and the rest as he shal goe forward. The 24 of May, more imprest 5 crownes. June the 20. in full of the said schuchion, 5 crownes. |
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR 193
|
Roma Aprill |
wee had receiued of Signer Pistator Duch merchant att seuerall times |
160 crownes \ |
||
|
15- '639 |
wherof I haue made use of 92 to this day aboue written and my brother |
of 4&j and I |
160 |
|
|
a halfe (sic) ; the rest as then unspent being 19 crowens ^ |
) |
|||
|
to- 53] |
[Ac]com[p]t begins |
|||
|
iul |
bi |
qu |
||
|
Roma |
for 2 feet and on hand cast in plaister of the Grekes Venus |
04 |
oo |
o |
|
Feb. 3 |
for a paire of linings and mending my cloths |
JO |
oo |
o |
|
1639 March 12 for horsse hyer and dyett to goe to Naples |
50 |
oo |
o |
|
|
for one meale extraordinary at Capua |
°3 |
00 |
0 |
|
|
for horsse hyer at Naples to goe to Mont Esubius |
°5 |
oo |
o |
|
|
for seing the antiquityes and strange thinkes of Nature at Puttsolc |
ii |
oo |
o |
|
|
23 |
for 8 meales dyett att the Eagle at Naples one inne 5 a time |
40 |
00 |
o |
|
extraordinaryes in the time of our being |
°5 |
oo |
o |
|
|
for horse hyer from Naples to Rome |
60 |
oo |
oo |
|
|
for other expences in the time our being att Naples |
15 |
00 |
oo |
|
|
for horsse hyer to Puttsole 5 iulios |
194 |
00 |
00 |
|
|
for a shirt wch 1 bought att Naples |
*4 |
oo |
oo |
|
|
crowns iulios biocs |
||||
|
1639 Aprill 2 |
For a shoote and cloake of stuft to Thomas Wattkinson English taylor |
14 5 |
oo |
|
|
paid— 15 |
for a payre of shooes |
oo 8 |
oo |
|
|
ii |
for horsse hyer to Tiuoly and Frescatto with M' Paston 2 dayes |
01 oo |
oo |
|
|
for a shirt • |
01 6 |
5 |
||
|
18 |
for 2 plaister heads of Venus and Cicero |
oo 7 |
00 |
|
|
for prints of the roofe in the Popes Chappie in the Vatticane |
oo |
6 |
oo |
|
|
May 2 |
for a qre housse rent |
3 |
3 |
7 |
|
for 6 paire of soockes |
o |
4 |
5 |
|
|
May 24 |
for a booke of perspectiue of Vignolo |
OI |
5 |
oo |
|
for prints |
00 |
3 |
00 |
|
|
for a table |
00 |
3 |
5 |
|
|
fa- 53 *] |
iulios |
|||
|
Roma |
for a payre of stockings |
i? |
oo |
o |
|
June 30 1639 |
according to my father direction in his letter 1 bought the booke of Archytecture ) |
|||
|
of Domenico Fontana to be sent for England for Mr Kinsman being uery |
scarsly [ 25 |
oo |
o |
|
|
to be found ; cost |
) |
|||
|
Julys |
for a shirt |
16 |
oo |
o |
|
for 2 paire of linen stirrop stokings |
04 |
00 |
o |
|
|
giuen to the ould woman at the Pallace of Medices |
3 |
oo |
o |
|
|
to the guarda roba of Medices |
12 |
oo |
oo |
|
|
for prints |
O2 |
°5 |
o |
|
|
for 3 paire of cuffes |
°5 |
oo |
o |
|
|
August 4 |
to the guarda roba of Lodouisius (crossed out, and ' nott accepted ' interlined above) 06 |
oo |
o |
|
|
crow |
||||
|
A"g5 |
for a quatr housse rent |
3 |
3 |
3f |
|
6 |
for my part in a paire of foyles |
0 |
6 |
oo |
VII. C C
i94 DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
8
19 29 Septr 10
10 14
>-54J Roma
o o
OI
I I
3
a 3
3 6
5 o
for paper 19 sheets o
for 5 pound 2 ounces of wax i
for baking of a modell of the Satyre Martins o
for 4 prints of architecture o
for drucking ouer my drawings o
Gardner Lodouisius o
for a chest to send into England for nayles
for 2 bookes of temples anticke for 17 plaister peeces to John Guarda Roba of Medices 35°
The 30 of July 1639 I and my brother Henry Stone made another accquittance to Sr Peiter Piscatore for the receitt of 300 duccatts, being 249 crownes of 10 iulios each ; receiued a note from under his hand for the payment thareof att seuarall times as wee shall call for it, and receiued now at [t]his present in part crownes
60 crownes 60 oo o
The 9 of September receiued of Piscatore The 3 of October receiued more The 29 of October more 29 of Nouember more Decembr 15 more 31 more more
|
30 20 20 IO 20 06 H |
00 oo oo oo oo oo oo |
o 0 o 0 0 0 o |
Our letter of credence ualued 200" starling and 900 duccatts att Venice, for the wch heare at Rome is payd by our marchant Sr Piscatore for each hundred duccatts 83 crownes of 10 iulios in a crowne ; so that accordingly the creditt comes to 747 crownes the whole some of 2oolt starling. Now I demaund what a crowne is worth ratable ? I answere that as 747 crownes Italian be to 800 English so is one crowne to 5s 7gV parts wch is 4^d, so that each crowne comes to stand in 5s 4^d, but in the whole thaire want 21 farthings to make iust the 200" Duch pistoll 3 crownes comes to i6s-|d English.
|
f°- 54 b] |
||||
|
Septr 1 6 |
for searcloth canuas packing and carrying to Ripa Grande a chest to goe for England |
i |
°5 |
oo |
|
Send in the |
||||
|
bill |
for hay to packe |
o |
OI |
oo |
|
ll |
Custome of the chest |
o |
3 |
oo |
|
for setting a scale on itt |
o |
0 |
5 |
|
|
for fraight to Ligorne |
o |
9 |
oo |
|
|
19 |
for a payre of stockings, wollen |
o |
9 |
00 |
|
20 |
for a payre of showes |
o |
7 |
5 |
|
26 |
for baking a clay moddle of a woman |
0 |
i |
o |
|
28 |
for a booke of the fountaines of Rome |
o |
3 |
o |
|
28 |
for 7 prints and a little booke of sights of gardens booke i iulio |
o |
3 |
5 |
|
Octobr i |
for a plaister legg cast from an antique |
o |
4 |
0 |
|
2 payre showes |
I |
6 |
o |
|
|
3 |
for a steele |
0 |
0 |
5 |
|
for going upp the collome Sistus V |
o |
o |
22 |
|
|
19 |
for Architecture of Vitruuius |
01 |
8 |
OO |
|
22 |
payd for a quarters housse rent |
2 |
°5 |
o |
|
24 |
Gardner of Beluedere |
O |
6 |
0 |
|
Decembr 27 |
for a plaister head |
o |
4 |
o |
Decemb' 31 1639
fo- 55] Roma 1640
Febx
21 25
3
4
4 10
2 month 11-9-5
24
25, 26 27
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR 195
Some totall of all my extraordd expences for the forgone yeare according to the particulars written, all being deducted that was enclosed for)- England sent Septr 17, 1639.
A memoriall of all neccessarye extraordinaryes for the yeare ensuing 1640
for 4 bands 2 iulios $ apeece for my bedd
to the surgions for healing my wounds for washing my clothes for a mandatte
to the corporall to take Rogers prisoner and expence of wine for wood hauing kept housse 13 dayes to the notaries for a payre of showes for mending my showes
To the gardners man in Belueder
for writting a certyfycate with the scale of Rome for the recouery of our
box att Ligorne
for mending the plancke of my inbost stoole for a plaister figure representing a Bacchus moulded from the antique wch
stands in Marquesse lustinianus Pallace
for horsse hyer to ride to Caprarole (I was out 4 dayes at 4 iulios a day)
dyett for the horsse (3 iulios day and night) in that time
my dyett 6 meales a pasto
to the vitrine and other expences extr.
March 3
fa. 55*] March 20 1640
23
Aprill 23 Aprill 24
26 June 4
ii
ii
for 4 paire of soockes
for 12 palmes of ribbin for showstrings
for soling a paire of stockings
for a place to stand to se the Jew burnt in Campo Fiora
for a payre of showes
for a payre of silke stockings
for a kake of bees wax waying 4 pound 8 ounces
for a payre of showes
for 4 mast or parcells of lute strings to send to Ligorne
for a tinn box to enclose them
deliuerd att Ripa Granda to one Bartolomeo Romanino n
a fregota for Liuorne the aboue said lute strings to be deliuerd to Sr Patricio Cloan att Ligorne and I payd for fraight
for 2 payre linnen stockings for 2 hankerchers for 2 payre soockes
C C 2
|
e 1039 )sed forr |
crow 76 |
iull 3 |
2 |
|
| crownes |
in!. |
bioc. |
|
|
i |
oo |
oo |
|
|
o |
°3 |
oo |
|
|
3 |
07 |
oo |
|
|
o |
04 |
oo |
|
|
o |
01 |
00 |
|
|
o |
08 |
oo |
|
|
I |
02 |
oo |
|
|
o |
03 |
oo |
|
|
0 |
07 |
00 |
|
|
0 |
02 |
oo |
|
|
o |
°3 |
0 |
|
|
)f our ) |
0 |
06 |
°5 |
|
o |
OI |
oo |
|
|
ae wch I |
6 |
oo |
00 |
|
lay) |
i |
6 |
o |
|
0 |
9 |
o |
|
|
2 |
i |
0 |
|
|
Some |
0 |
3 |
o |
|
4 |
9 |
0 |
|
|
0 |
3 |
0 |
|
|
0 |
2 |
5 |
|
|
0 |
I |
5 |
|
|
0 |
I |
o |
|
|
0 |
7 |
0 |
|
|
3 |
oo |
o |
|
|
i |
oo |
o |
|
|
0 |
7 |
oo |
|
|
2 |
4 |
00 |
|
|
O |
i |
oo |
|
|
:er of \ |
|||
|
:rd to I |
O |
i |
oo |
|
0 |
4 |
oo |
|
|
0 |
5 |
oo |
|
|
o |
i |
5 |
|
|
Cron |
I |
o |
5 |
196 DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
|
6 |
o |
|
|
3 |
0 |
|
|
o |
7 |
o |
|
3 |
oo |
o |
|
9 |
o |
|
|
o 2 |
5 06 |
oo 0 |
|
0 |
5 |
o |
|
0 |
3 |
5 |
|
O crowns |
4 iuli |
oo bioch |
|
°3 |
oo |
00 |
|
oo |
i |
oo |
|
oo |
7 |
5 |
|
OI |
oo |
5 |
|
oo |
7 |
oo |
|
oo |
5 |
oo |
To the guarda roba of Medices to the ould woman for opening the dore 23 for a payre of showes
July 4 For a cast in pailster of a modle imboysted after the Greeckes Venus
10 for a booke Le Imagini degli Antichi
11 for ye workes of Julio Camillo 13 for 2 shirts
17 for prints of Alberta Dura
17 for 2 handkerchers
30 for carrying my modells and bringing home clay
fa. 56]
August 1640/3 payd for a qrs rent wch enter'd the 2 day 4 for a frame for a window
4 for baking 2 moddles and bringing them from St. Peelers to Monta Trinita
Octobr 7 To Sir Peter Fittons footman
10 for a payre of showes
10 for making knifes and handle for my case
[the rest of fo. 56, the whole of fo. 56 b, the next 2 leaves (unnumbered), and fo. 57 recto, blank.]
Roma 1640 If thayr fales a flaw or vent in a peece of marble, take whyte of fresh egges and fine powder
a remedy for of hoate or unslakd lime, mixe thosse together in a bason with a spone, prouyded you make itt nott to thicke ; hauing so done, with a peece clay you must incompasse the place where this fault is, then powre one this aforesaid mixture and knocke gentl}' on the stone with the handle of a toole, wch will causse this watry substance to trauerse the ioynt. Lett this stand about two dayes a-drying, it shalbe as firm to worke on as in any other part.
Another way to ioyne marble to dure against heat : take a prouaturo, first wash itt well in warme water to take away the gresinesse, then grind itt one a painters stone uery fine, mixe itt with the flower of slacked lime, and this houlds so fast that itt breakes sooner in another place then in the same.
The way how the Italian sculptores sett a scimmering glasse on thair statues : after itt is finish[tj with the raspe thay take peeces of course pumish stone of the blaker sort and rubb thairwith dry (wch otherwise, if itt be wet, will stayne); this sayd stone takes away the stunes of the raspe, then thay take of the finist sort of poomish and usse itt as before, wch brings the marble to a more finer ground ; lastly thay powder some of the finest sort of pomish uery fine, and that rubb'd ouer with a dampish cloth brings a glasse one the marble, and bone burnt rubb'd with a peece of leather.
a flaw or crake in a peece of marble
prouaturo, a certaine cheese made of buffles milke
fa- 58] Roma 1640
a way to glaise marble with pumish stones alone
also in glaising of other sorts of marbles, after itt is pomished, to bring itt to a more finer ground thay usse a peece of lead made into a lumpe like a peece of stone, and with the dust of fine emery, wch thay hould to be better than a cloth.
also thay glasse some sorts with a strong water vFh thay make.
ciments : iff
for to make graine, usse rosen, a little quantity of beese wax and fine dust of brickes, wch is held Itt redd mixf more ussef11^ than the dust of marble by reason of itts lightnesse mixese better, a little ver- milion
For some simments, rosen, wax and a little turpentine melted together, also masticke chawed in ones mouth to purifye itt, and then the ioynts of marble being made warme and a little putt betwene growes uery hard and is good against the sunn and staines nott.
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
197
According to Sr Francisco, sculptore, defections to prepare wax to inboyst withall : each pound of wax he allowes 3 ounces of turpentine and 3 ounces or thairabouts of browne red ground in oyle, so than you need little fatt, \vrh iff you putt the red dry in you must usse some 2 ounces to each pound,* butt in generall itt must be mixed according to the season of the yeare. You will usse itt in this, being pastose enough for the winter.
fo.58b\ June. Roma
1640
* also a little dust clay backed giues a kind of sandynesse to itt w* is necessary in the working
for small things the grounds of the urine that clodds about a camber pott being a secrett
July 1640 I tooke 3 pound 4 ounces of wax and 8 ounces of red ground in oyle, 6 ounces of turpentine
and almost one candell ; melted and mixed all together made a uery good mixture for that season, being rather to soft then hard.
Some I have sene that usse but about an ounce of turpentine and as much red, but before you usse that you are forced to heat itt in the sunn, being to obdurate ; so that in conclusion tis but to obsearue the matterialls, and proportion must be giuen according to each his capritio, some delighting in hard, others in more pastiferous.
August 24.
the ground to bench (?) on
fa- 59] Particulers bought in behalfe of my father
14-06- 5
July 30
31
crow: julli 2 4
The ground that thay lay on the playts to be eaten with aquafortis is compounded of wax, rosen and spelta, a hard coulour w* must be ground to powder and so mixt.
for 2 plaister heads, one of Venus the other of Cicero
for a booke of per[s]pectiue of Vignola
for the fountaines of Roome
for 7 prints and a little booke of sights
for a plaister leg moulded from the antique
for Archy lecture of Vitruuius
for a plaister head of Satyre
for a certificate to send to Ligorne
for a Bacchus in plaister
for lute strings to send to Ligorne
for a cast of a Venus modled after the antique
for the Imagini dei Dei
for Julio Camillo
for some prints of Alberta Dura the Passion
for 113 small peeces of seuerall sorts of marbles to send for England \
according to my fathers commaund bought 2 bookes, the one Archytertura Leobaptista the other Itenerario Italic
|
ron: |
lull: |
bioc. |
|
00 |
7 |
oo |
|
01 |
05 |
00 |
|
00 |
°3 |
oo |
|
oo |
°3 |
°5 |
|
00 01 |
04 08 |
oo oo |
|
oo oo |
04 06 |
oo oo |
|
06 |
00 |
oo |
|
02 |
6 |
oo |
|
03 |
oo |
oo |
|
oo |
09 |
oo |
|
00 |
05 |
00 |
|
oo |
5 |
00 |
|
°3 |
2 |
oo |
|
3 |
00 |
o |
198 DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
o. 59 b]
Octob1 1641 for memory is this underwritten —
I melted . . .' to cast whosse composition was as followeth
wax 8 pound
turpentine one pound
white lead ground in oyle one pound
white lead dry one pound
candells 5
yeallow oker one ounce ground
a little read oker to aiust ye couller ; all wch made a good mixture.
fo. 60]
Roma Septembr 1641. the upper part of the campanile or steple of St Peelers att Rome taken downe.
In the same month the Cauellyer Bernine sicke to death and [at] once dead as itt was reported.
fo. 61] Particulers in the box marked N. 1641 Nouembr.
First one bassa-releiua of children playing with a goate ,
one child wch bloues blubbers
2 children wch sleepes )- all of Sr Francisco
2 flying children a head of a woman
one child made to lye in a cradle and the originall sent to the King of Fraunce
one crusifix - a payre of wings
an arme of a Mercury
fo. 61 b]
This i of May. Roma 1642
Particulars in the box with a cord one the end Marked first Marco Aurelio one horssebacke
M 2 leggs and 2 armes that belonges to a Cupido
2 children
2 heads of a satyre or fauno 2 wings
4 legges of a fauno i arme ibid libretti 3
Backd clay modells in this box Marked H Modell of the Laocont
2 children Modells 5
one arme of a child bookes 8 one
unbound
Modle of the Tiber of Campidolio moulds 4
1 2_
bookes Selua noua (?), Vitruuio,
3 4
Prospectiua da Vignola, Antiquityes of Rome,
5
Le Imagini dell' Antichi,
1 Illegible word, written over an erasure.
DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR 199
o 7
Roma moderna discriptio, Euclido
8
Fountaines of Rome
Cumfetti de Tiuoli
Mould of armes and leggs belonging to a flying child or Cupid, also the inner peeces of the mould of body / a little head of a child, another of a masquer.
fo. 62]
Particulars in Apollo of wax of Sr Francisco du Quesnoy mark\f A E Mercury of plaister
3 boxes in the one a head of young Christ, in another a trerme (?) also of S1 Francis, in the other
a body of a flying Cupid whosse legges and armes are in the box marked M, 3 rowles of prints •2 children of plaister 3 bastreliues
A box marked Q wherin was a head of wax greater then the life also a body of the Cupid W*
accompanyes the Apollo, a Carbaccio
A box marked G wherin was the wrastlers and diuers other parcells another box filled with all sorts of marbles patternes one porprey stone to grind coulours loose modells in the chest, lulo, Sibilla, Satyre, torso of Beluedere and other small thinges
one bassareleua of wax. a Pieta.
Ripa this all inclosed in one chest with some rowles of painting, prints and bookes; consined to one 15 of May Patron' Cerboni Chari, shipper, of Ligorne, to be deliuer'd to Mr Jacomo and Francisco Man, English
1642 merchants in Ligorne ; from the said shipper I haue a bill of layding.
fo. 62 b\ The said chest being packed and bound with cords and wrapt in canuas and marked one the
topp and end with thesse letters N. S.
crowns iulio
for the chest 02 05
for canuas (iulio 2-7^ a canne) 02 02
for cords oo 05
for hay oo 00.5
carriage to Ripa oo 03
dogana or custome 01 05
seling oo 01
fraight from Rome to Ligorne, paid to the Patron 02 oo
Mancia oo 03
Facchini oo 08
Some of ex pence exterior 10 02.5
fo. 63]
16 of May Roma crowns iulio b
1642 for 3 bookes call'd Galleria de Justiniana 2 of the second tome 24 o
for 2 bookes of the statues Francisco Perrier 04 06 o
one booke Racolti de Tempij 01 oo o
a booke of Cupida ipsicha of Raphael! giuen me by Sr Francisco Fiammingo Leo Battista Alberti his Archytecture Some drawings
thesse were bound upp in searcloth and putt in Doctor Richard Londons chest to be sent for London this 17 of May 164:3 marked N. S. London
200 DIARY OF NICHOLAS STONE, JUNIOR
a mape of Rome
Att Venice deliuerd a bundle of prints to Mr Richard London to be sent with his things
Receiued thesse thinges of Mr Symons chesmonger by Billingsgate in Febr* 1644 by order from Docf Londons brother Mr Robert London liuing in Northfolke.
Fo. 63 b is blank. Fo. 64 contains the following recipe :
Aprill 24 1646
1 I made a mixture for a ground to hech vpon, in proportion a[s] followeth : The wax was of the purest beeswax without any mixture, and was iust halfe of the quantitye of the rosen. The rosen was twice the weight of the wax ; the halfe of itt (and so did the wax) wayed a twenty shillings weight of gold and a 2s. 9d weight of gold and 8 graynes. The aspaltum was of the hardest sort ; that I ground with water, then lett it stiffen a little upon chalke, than dried itt upon a fire shuffle made warme, than I powder itt extreame fine. I melted the rosen and wax in a new leaded sauce panne ouer a slacke fire, without stirring of the fire for feare of dust ; than I mixt so much of the fine powder of aspaltum as made the wax and rosen coale or inck blacke.1
Nought and good for nothing, by reason the aspaltum would nott melt.
1-1 Crossed through in MS.
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RULES OR BY-LAWS OF THE WALPOLE SOCIETY
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XII. The Chairman's decision on all points of order shall be final.
Other questions arising at any Meeting, except such as are referred to in Rule XVI, shall be decided by a majority of votes, and in case of equality the Chairman shall have a second or casting vote.
XIII. The Chairman shall convene a Meeting of the Council as often as he shall deem necessary, or whenever six or more members of the Council apply to him in writing for that purpose : such meetings shall be held within three weeks after the application has been received. The Chairman convenes all meetings of the Sub-Committees.
XIV. Any casual vacancy occurring in the Council may be filled up by the Council, but the tenure of office of such member of the Council shall date from the time when the member he replaces was elected.
XV. There shall be an Annual General Meeting of Members held during June to receive the Report of the Council and Statement of Accounts for the previous year ; to alter and amend rules, if desired, and to fill vacancies in the Council.
XVI. Nominations for the Council must be sent in writing duly signed by a proposer and seconder, who must be members of the Society, to the Secretary between the ist and 25th of May preceding the Annual General Meeting at which such candidates are to be voted for. In case sufficient nominations to fill up all vacancies are not received, the Council shall have power to make additional nominations.
The nam'es of the candidates shall be printed in the notice convening the Meeting. Candidates receiving the largest number of votes shall be declared duly elected.
XVII. Any Resolution proposing a new rule or by-law, or the alteration or repeal of an existing one, must be sent to the Secretary, with the names of the proposer and seconder, at least one calendar month previous to the Annual General Meeting. The Secretary must then cause the same to be printed on the notice convening the Meeting.
XVIII. Extraordinary General Meetings shall be called by the Council, or at the request in writing of twenty-five members of the Society.
XIX. An Editor of publications shall be appointed by the Council, who shall be an additional Officer of the Society, holding office at the discretion of the Council.
XX. In matters relating to the general policy of publications the Editor shall act in consulta- tion with the Executive Committee.
XXI. The Executive Committee shall have power to award to the Editor such remuneration as in their opinion they may think desirable, with reference to any publication issued in the name of the Society.
XXII. It shall be within the power of the Executive Committee to assist any contributor to the publications of the Society with such payment as the Executive Committee may think fit, subject to the financial position of the Society.
XXIII. The publications, photographs, and all other material of the Society shall be the property of the Members of the Society. The Executive Committee shall have power to distribute free copies to contributors, to the Press, or for complimentary reasons, but in each case such distributions shall be duly recorded and accounted for to the Council.
XXIV. The Society accepts all risks connected with the publications issued in the name of the Walpole Society.
List of Members of the Walpole Society
1918-1919.
The Rt. Hon. Lord Aberdare of
Duffryn. Royal Academy of Arts, The
Library of.
C. Morland Agnew, Esq. G. Colin Agnew, Esq. Sir George W. Agnew, Bart., M.P. A. A. Allen, Esq. Messrs. Edw. G. Allen & Son. The late Sir Walter Armstrong. Thomas Ashby, Esq., Litt.D.
Sir Hickman Beckett Bacon, Bart.
T. W. Bacon, Esq.
Mrs. Sidney Ball.
John Ballinger, Esq., Librarian of the National Library of Wales.
Mrs. Mary M. Banks.
SirC. A. Montague Barlow, K.B.E., M.P.
Sir Thomas Barrett-Lennard, Bart.
R. Bateman, Esq., Curator, Man- chester Whitworth Institute.
The Earl Bathurst, C.M.G.
A. R. Bayley, Esq., F.R.Hist.S.
Harold Bayley, Esq.
The Earl Beauchamp, K.G.
Arthur C. Behrend, Esq.
Mrs. Clara Bell.
R. Anning Bell, Esq., A.R.A.
Anthony Belt, Esq.
H. Bendixson, Esq.
Birmingham Public Libraries.
Claude Bishop, Esq.
F. Frost Blackman, Esq., F.R.S.
R. K. Blair, Esq.
Sam D. Bles, Esq.
Bodleian Library, Oxford.
Arthur T.Bolton, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A.
Bootle. Public Library.
Boston Athenaeum, Boston, Mass., U.S.A.
Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Mass., U.S.A.
Boston Public Library, Mass., U.S.A.
The Rev. F. C. Bozman.
Allan H. Bright, Esq.
The Rev. F. E. Brightman.
Brighton. Public Library.
British Museum, Department of
Printed Books. British Museum, Department- of
Prints and Drawings. James Britten, Esq. Miss Margaret Brooke. Eric Brown, Esq., Director of the
National Gallery of Canada. Miss Henrietta Brown. Oliver F. Brown, Esq. Messrs. Browne & Browne. Charles Richard Buckley, Esq. The Rev. Herbert Bull. Miss Margaret H. Bulley. Burlington Fine Arts Club. Ayerst H. Buttery, Esq.
H. Johnstone Campbell, Esq. Canada, The National Gallery of. James L. Caw, Esq., Director,
National Gallery of Scotland. Arthur B. Chamberlain, Esq. John E. Champney, Esq. G. A. F. M. Chatwin, Esq. Miss Alice D. Clarke. George Clausen, Esq., R.A. A. B. Clifton, Esq. Sydney C. Cockerell, Esq., Director,
Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. Edward H. Coles, Esq. Messrs. P. and D. Colnaghi and
Obach.
Sir Martin Conway. Sir Edward T. Cook, K.B.E. Herbert F. Cook, Esq., F.S.A.,
Trustee of the National Portrait
Gallery.
Royal Cortissoz, Esq. The Rt. Hon. the Earl of Crawford,
K.T., P.C., LL.D., Trustee of the
National Portrait Gallery. T. Hamilton Crawford, Esq. Wilson Crewdson, Esq. The Rt. Hon. the Marquess of
Crewe, K.G., P.C. R. H. Curtis, Esq.
The Rt. Hon. the Earl Curzon of Kedleston, K.G., G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E., P.O., Trustee of the National Gallery.
Lionel Cust, Litt.D., C.V.O., F.S.A.
Sir Thomas L. Devitt, Bart.
E. Rimbault Dibdin, Esq.
The Viscount Dillon, Chairman of Board of Trustees of National Portrait Gallery.
Arthur Dixon, Esq.
Campbell Dodgson, Esq., C.B.E., Keeper of Prints and Drawings, British Museum.
Captain R. Langton Douglas, Direc- tor, National Gallery of Ireland.
Dundee Free Library Committee.
Alfred P. Durlacher, Esq.
George L. Durlacher, Esq.
Lady Durning-Lawrence.
H. L. Ehrich, Esq. The Rev. William C. Emeris. H. C. Erhardt, Esq. George Eumorfopoulos, Esq. Exeter. The Royal Albert Memorial Public Library.
The late Arnold Fairbairns, Esq. Miss Helen Farquhar. Miss Feilding. Miss Emily Fellowes. H. S. Fernau, Esq. Miss C. Jocelyn Ffoulkes. A. J. Finberg, Esq. The Fitzwilliam Museum, Cam- bridge.
W. A. Floersheim, Esq. Mrs. Wickham Flower. Mrs. Alexander Fortescue. The Hon. J. W. Fortescue, C.V.O. Charles Frederick Fox, Esq.
E. L. Franklin, Esq.
Percival Gaskell, Esq., R.E. The Hon. Edward Gathorne- Hardy. Lieut.-Col. George A. Gibbs, M.P. J. P. Gilson, Esq., Keeper of Manu- scripts, British Museum. Thomas Girtin, Esq. Richard Glazier, Esq.
F. W. Goodenough, Esq.
G. Bruce Gosling, Esq.
Richard W. Goulding, Esq., F.S.A. Algernon Graves, Esq., F.S.A. Albert Gray, Esq., C.B., K.C. The Rev. John Gray. George J. Gribble, Esq. C. Reginald Grundy, Esq. Mrs. Noel Guinness. C. E. Gunther, Esq. O. Gutekunst, Esq.
Captain Martin Hardie.
Dr. H. Nazeby Harrington.
The Rt. Hon. Frederick Leverton
Harris, P.C., M.P. Mrs. James Harrower. Harold Hartley, Esq. H arvard College Library, Cambridge,
Mass., U.S.A.
Edward Hasell,Esq.,M.R.C.S.(Eng.). The Rev. Stewart D. Headlam. Voltelin Percy Heath, Esq. Joseph Heaton, Esq. George Henderson, Esq. Mrs. G. Walker Heneage. Henry Hering, Esq. Miss Mary F. S. Hervey. Major Arthur M. Hind, O.B.E. C. Lewis Hind, Esq. Leopold Hirsch, Esq. Geoffrey D. Hobson, Esq. Victor T. Hodgson, Esq. Holburhe Art Museum, Bath. W. A. Holder, Esq. R. M. Holland-Martin, Esq., C.B.,
F.S.A.
J. R. Holliday, Esq. W. Edgar Home, Esq., M.P. Mrs. Francis Howard. Henry Howard, Esq. The Hon. Hugh Howard. C. E. Hughes, Esq. Talbot Hughes, Esq. T. Cann Hughes, Esq., F.S.A. H. Hughes-Stanton, Esq., A.R.A. Chas. Henry Hunt, Esq. Mrs. Charles Hunter. J. Hutchinson, Esq. The Venble. Archdeacon W. H.
Hutton. James H. Hyde, Esq.
The Earl of Ilchester. Professor Selwyn Image. Ireland. The National Library.
Fred W. Jackson, Esq.
The Hon. Walter J. James, R.E.
Herbert S. Job, Esq.
Miss Lorna A. Johnson.
Junior Carlton Club.
Arthur Kay, Esq., F.S.A.
Miss Emily G. Kemp.
Edward G. Kennedy, Esq.
Sir Frederic G. Kenyon, K.C.B., D.Litt., Director and Principal Librarian of the British Museum.
Basil King, Esq.
Messrs. Knoedler & Co.
Sir Lees Knowles, Bart., C.V.O.
Dr. James H. W. Laing.
John Lane, Esq.
Ernest Law, Esq.
Adrian Leach, Esq.
Lord Lee of Fareham.
Messrs. Leggatt Bros.
George E. Leon, Esq.
Howard C. Levis, Esq.
Liverpool Public Libraries.
The London Library.
H. Longden, Esq.
H. Walter Lonsdale, Esq.
Mrs. Julian G. Lousada.
A. K. Loyd, Esq.
Edward V. Lucas, Esq.
Theodore Lucas, Esq.
Frits Lugt, Esq.
Henry E. Luxmoore, Esq.
Lt.-Col. George B. Croft Lyons.
The Earl of Lytton.
The Hon. Neville Lytton.
D. J. Macaulay, Esq., M.D. Mrs. W. R. Macdonell. Major Roderick Mackenzie. Allan McLean, Esq. Miss E. Winifred Madder. John Maddocks, Esq., J.P. Manchester Art Gallery. Manchester. Department of Educa- tion.
Manchester Public Libraries. Manchester Society of Architects. Manchester Whitworth Institute. John Margetson, Esq. Edward Marsh, Esq., C.M.G. Prof. C. R. Marshall. Alec. Martin, Esq. Miss M. Kathleen Martin. Mrs. Ena Mathias.
Wilfred Mathieson, Esq. The Medici Society, Ltd. Brigr.-General Horatio Mends. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New
York, U.S.A. Dr. A. H. Millar. James D. Milner, Esq., Director,
National Portrait Gallery. G. G. Milner-Gibson-Cullum, Esq.,
F.S.A.
Lady Moreton. Mrs. F. Morrell. Harrison Morris, Esq. Lionel B. Mozley, Esq.
National Portrait Gallery, The Li- brary.
Sir Francis A. Newdigate-Newde- gate, K.C.M.G.
New South Wales. Public Library.
New York. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
New York. Public Library.
Paul Nijhoff, Esq.
Wouter Nijhoff, Esq.
Philip Norman, Esq., Hon. LL.D., F.S.A.
Robert F. Norton, Esq., K.C.
T. Percy Nunn, Esq., M.A., D.Sc.
Sir John Robert O'Connell, LL.D. Mrs. Roger Oldham. A. P. Opp6, Esq. Basil Oxenden, Esq.
Messrs. J. Falser & Sons.
Col. John W. R. Parker, C.B., F.S.A.
Messrs. E. Parsons & Sons.
Dr. A. V. Peatling, F.S.A.
Dyson Perrins, Esq., F.S.A.
R. William Pettigrew, Esq.
Richard A. Pfungst, Esq.
Sir Claude Phillips.
The Rt. Hon. the Earl of Plymouth,
C.B., P.C., Trustee of the National
Gallery.
Mrs. R. L. Poole. Prof. Arthur Pope. W. M. Power, Esq. Prof. F. M. Powicke.
Bernard Quaritch, Esq.
E. G. Raphael, Esq. Major Sir Herbert H. Raphael Bart., M.P.
Mrs. C. Rashdall.
Reform Club, The Library.
John Rennie, Esq.
T. H. Riches, Esq.
Messrs. James Rimell & Son.
Frank Rinder, Esq.
H. D. Roberts, Esq., Director, Public
Library, Museums and Fine Art
Galleries, Brighton. Miss M. Windeatt Roberts. W. Roberts, Esq. Herbert C. Roe, Esq. The late Robert Ross, Esq. The Royal Library, Windsor Castle. John Lewis Rutley, Esq.
Ernest Salaman, Esq.
Sale and Ashton-upon-Mersey Joint
Free Library.
The Earl of Scarbrough, K.C.B. Charles H. M. D. Scott, Esq. H. Gordon Selfridge, Esq. Edgar Seligman, Esq. Georges Seligman, Esq. J. Henry Sellers, Esq. The Lady Alice Shaw-Stewart. George H. Shepherd, Esq. Sir Frank Short, R.A., P.R.E. R. Skinner, Esq. Miss Alice Smith. H. Watson Smith, Esq. Robert sSpence, Esq., R.E. The Rt. Hon. the Earl Spencer,
K.G., G.C.V.O., P.C. Edward Speyer, Esq. SirIsidoreSpielmann,C.M.G., F.S.A. Marion H. Spielmann, Esq., F.S.A. Mrs. A. H. Spokes. William Barclay Squire, Esq., F.S.A.,
Assistant Keeper, Printed Books
Department, British Museum. Walter G. Strickland, Esq. Isaac H. Swallow, Esq. Swansea, County Borough of.
Edmund G. Sykes, Esq. T. Slingsby Tanner, Esq. Arthur a B. Terrell, Esq. Sir Herbert Thompson, Bart.
D. Croal Thomson, Esq.
J. A. H. Thursby-Pelham, Esq.
H. F. Tomalin, Esq.
Arthur Tooth, Esq.
W. G. Paulson Townsend, Esq.
Robert Treen, Esq.
James Tregaskis, Esq.
E. W. Tristram, Esq. Miss M. H. Turner.
Sydney Vacher, Esq.
The Victoria and Albert Museum.
G. E. Wainwright, Esq.
Sir Charles Walston, Litt.D.
The National Library of Wales.
The National Museum of Wales.
Emery Walker, Esq., F.S.A.
Colonel William Hall Walker.
William Ward, Esq.
Washington, D.C., Library of Con- gress.
Vernon Watney, Esq.
Mrs. H. M. Spencer Watson.
Robert W. S. Weir, Esq.
Welbeck Abbey. The Library.
Francis Wellesley, Esq., J.P.
Westminster Public Libraries.
Mrs. S. H. Whitbread.
Fred. A. White, Esq.
Thomas White, Esq.
Thomas Whittaker, Esq.
Major Nevile R. Wilkinson, C.V.O., F.S.A., Ulster King of Arms.
G. C. Williamson, Esq., Litt.D.
A. B. Willson, Esq.
Sir H. F. Wilson, K.C.M.G.
Percy Withers, Esq.
T. Martin Wood, Esq.
John Wormald, Esq.
Members are particularly requested to draw the attention of the Hon. Secretary, MR. A. J. FINBERG, 47 Holland Road, Kensing- ton, London, W. 14, to any omissions or errors in the above list.
N Walpole Society, London 1^ The volume of the
W3 Walpole Society v.7
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