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OCT 8 1902

in Bs

~The West American Scientist.

a
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Vol. XIII. No. 2.

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7

21

PILOCEHEREUS ALBISPINUS Rumpl.
Foerster, handb cact, ed 2, 649,
KS nat pflzf ILI (6a) 180; Mon 187,
Cereus albispinusS obs bot 5 (1822); HD ed 2,

45. Ptenss. Foerster 385. Lab 341.

Cereus crenulatus S HD ed 2,45. Pfen 85. F

382. sobs bot6 (1822).

Cereus crenatus Lab 341.

Cereus octagonus et decagonus Hort, Pf en 8).

Cereus acromelas Otto Ind ecact hort Berol 1833
fide Pf en 84 Curacao.

Variety CKRENATUS Hert

PILOCEREUS COERULEECENS Lem.

Pilocereus andryanus Cels

Cereus aethiops Haw phil mag 1830, 109.

Cereus mendory Hort fide Pf en 85.

Cereus coerulescensS HD335. bfen 8d.

Pilocereus glaucescens Lab in part.
PILOCEREUS CELSIANUS Lem.

Lem ¢at Cels; Rev hortic 1862, 428.

Salm-Dyck cact HD ed 2, 49, 185

Foerster han beact ¢d 2, 653

Labouret Monugraph 276.

K Schumann nat pfizf I11 (6a) 186; Mon 179,

Pilocereus fossuiatus Lab rev hortiv sr4, 25
(1855). Lemrev hort i862, 418, EF 660.

Croucher Gard chron 1873, 983 £.

Pilocereus foveolatus Lab cat Cels 1858, non

Lemaire.

Pilocereus Williamsii Lem rev hort, 1862, 428.
Pilocereus Bruennowiiet Kangleri Haage jr

ex Foerster handb ecact ed 2, 651, 671.

Variety LAN: GINOS:OR Salm
BRUENNOWII Karl Schumann.
GRACILIUR KS.

WILLTAMS(! KS All Bolivia.

PI? OCEREUS CHRYSACANTHUS Web.

yehuacaa, Puebla, Mexico.

Pilocereus chrysomallus Lem, is Cevhal-

ocereus chrysomallus fide kS.

Pi.ocerets co un na-tra‘ani F, is Cephal-

oe.reus columna-tra ani fide KS.
PiLCCHE EUS COMETES Mittl.
Foerster handb cact ed 2, 357.
KS nat pfizf III (6a) 180; Mon 190.
Cereus cometes Schied AGZ 8 :339.
Pilovereus jubatus 8 1842, 24; ed 2,40, 183.
Foerster 356; ed 2,6 1. Lab28
Lem rev hort1862, 427.
Cereus flavicomuss ed 2, 46, 202. F 387.
Labouret, Monogr 347 (1853).
Pilocereus flavicomus Rumpl, F ed 2, 657,
Pilocereus auratus Lab Gruson cat.
“San Louis Potosi.”

PILOCERHEUS DANTWITZIL Hee.
Hauge, Gerd chron 187317 f 1.
Van Houtte in Flore des Serr 13:33 t 2163,
Foerster handb cact ed 2, 657 f.
KS nat pfizf ITI (6a) 180; Mon 194.
Seitz?

Cacti.—Orcutt. 22

?Cactus lanatus HBK nov gen et sp 6:68

?Cereus lanatus DC prodr 3:464.

Pilocereus haagei Poselger ms. Peru
PILOCERHEUS DIVARICATUS Lem.
ae CHIREHIUS HRYTHROCEPHALUS

KS Mon 195. Argentine Republic, rc
PILOCHREUS HXEREINS KS. f

K§ nat pflzf IIT (6a) 181; MfK 4:65; Mon 184 £39.

Cereus exerens Linke ex Pfen 99; Web dict
280.

Cereus virens Pf en 99:—‘‘O. erectus simplex
5 angu ‘aris; sinubus acutis, tandem planis; cos-
tis rotundatis; areolis subremotis, tulvis, vix
promineniibus, lanuginosis; acuieis4—5 subula-
tis fulvis brevissimis deorsum spectantibus,
centrali 1 horizontali fusco rigido. ’

Foerster 387. S47. Lab 359(non DC).

Cereus affinis Hort Berol, Pf en 99.

Cereus warmingii KS Fl Br 204.

Cereus articulatus Hort non Pfeiffer.

Cereus tilophorus Pf AGZ3:380: en 100.

Cereus sublanatus S 333; Pfen 100; Lab 360.

Foerster handb cact 401, ed 2, 687.

Pilucereus Fouilenanee Lem non houlletii.

Pilocereus oligogonus Foerster cat Sencke;
handb cact ed 2,677. Lem rev hort 1862, 428.

Pilocereus virens Lem I]1 hort 1866, mise 20.

Mathss MfK 2:39 f.

We quote Schumann inabove synonymy who
calls ita Brazilian, while Pfeiffer says Mexico!
P:LOCEREUS FIMBRIATUS Lem.
PILOCEREUS FULVICEPS Web.

KS Mon 176.

Pilocereus Hoppenstedtii Web in part fide KS.

Tehuacan, Puebla, Mexico.
PILOCHREUS GOUNELLEI Web.
PILOCEREUS HERMENTIANUS L-C.

Lem et Cons [11 hort XIII t 469.

Foerster handb cact ed 2, 666,

KS Mon 186.

Cereus hermentianus Mony Ill hort ve mise
1850, Lem Rev hort 186, 410.

PILOCHREUS HOPPENSTEDTII Web.

Weber im cat Pfersdorff 1864.

Foerster handb cact ed 2, 667. -

KS MfK 4:80; Mon 1?7.

Cephalocereus hoppenstedti KS nat pfizf III
(6a) 181.

Pilocereus Howandorgil Reg in Gartenflora,
1859, 220 (non Hoogendorpii).

Pilocereus lateralis Weber.

Viejo is the Mexican name for this
unique plant, the name signifying an old
man, while Pilocerus Houletti is called
vieja—the old woman—the one bearing an
edible fruit, the other said by the na-
tives to kear no fruit. El Viejo grows We
15 to 2) fest high, rarely branching ex- i}
cept trem in uries sustained; of equal
size at the top and bottom but of an en-
larged diameter between. Ribs 19-25, ob-

33

tuse, intervals very shallow, the number
of ribs inecreasing.with age by bifurca-
tion and new ones appearing above the
forks. Areolae one-quarter inch apart,
small, young plants bearing 80 or more
slender flexuous white spines 4-9 inch s
long; spines at length deciduous or near-
ly so, the ribs often with a continuous
woody ridge enclosing the areolae. Our
illustration well shows the beauty of a
young plant, but in no way depicts the
mature growth; erect, the top Ssligh ly
bent, and ornament’d wth a mass oO:
whitish wool which continues on cne sid2
a third of the way down—the lower :0 -
tion yelow fr-m age. Stat’s of O x.ca
and fuebla, Mexi o (Oreutt 2iv5).

CHREUS HOPPENSTEDTI.

PILOCERUS LANUGINOSUS Rumpl.
Pilocereus lateribarbatus Rum°l, is

Cephalocereus columna-tra ani fide KS.
Plone militaris Evort, is chrysomal-

us.

PILOCEREUS MORITZIANUS L-C.
CEREUS PALMER: Engelm.

“Stems branching, 3 or 4 angld, 19-15
dm high; spines in greenish-brown bunch-
es; fruit greenis'-ye low, its areolee bear-
ine 5-8 stout spines. Tyre, Pa'mer 70 of
1869 in hb Mo bot gar!. Sonora ’’—Coul-
ter, Cont Na hb 3:’01.

PILOCHREUS PENTAEDROPHORUS

Cons.
PILOCEREUS POLYGONUS KS.
PILOCHiREUS POLYLOPHUS &.

PIT OCHREFUS ROYENII Rumpl.
PILOCHREUS RUSSHLLIANUS Rumpl
CEREUS SARGENTIANUS Orcutt.
PILOCHEREUS SARGENTIANUS Orcutt
OCS SCHLUMBERGERI

Hes

PITOCHREAUS SCHOTTII Lem.
CEREUS SCHOTTII Engelm.

Stems 8-10 f.om the same base, 4-10 feet
high, 4-5 inches in diameter, ribs 4-7, areo-

Cacti.—Orcutt.

24

PILOCEREUS HOULETTII Lem.

lee distant; spines on sterile part short,
tout, 4-6 radials and 1 central; the sp nes
on fertile part 1-4 inches long, pendulous,
oyvmng a reddi-h-gray bes~d. in which

h fo ers ad smahk fruit are nearly
hidden. Seeds large, with hosked cctyl-
eco. s. Sonora.

Variety AUSTRALIS K. Brandegee.

“Stems more slender and upright than
the n rth rn fcrms; rits in the fertils
ends, often as many as 10; areolae small-
er, and mort distant, and the long sp nes
ecmmonrly fewer avd st uter; abortive
epi.e or gland (7%) Felow the acute kase
oO. areoae more consp .cuous.’’—Kathar-
ine Brand gee, Zoe, 5:4.

Near Guaymas, Sonora (Creutt).
PILOCHREUS SCOPARI''S Pos.

P OCEREUS SENILIS Lem.
CEREUS SENILIS Salm.

Is Cephalocereus senilis Pf.
PTLOCHREUS STRICTUS Rumpl.
PILOCEREUS TETETZO Web.
PILOCEREUS URBANIANUS KS.
Pilocereus Vellczoi Lem, is Cephalocere-

ws melocactus fide KS. :
PITOCEKREUS VERHEINEI Rumpl.
CHREUS WEBERI Coulter.

“Plant about 10 m high, with a regular
cande’abra form of branching (2 main
branches each producing near the base 2
other branches, all ascend’ng), branches
and main stem of same diameter, angled
and glauccus; areolae 3-5 cm apart; spines
stout, bulbous at hase; radials 10 or 11, 2-5
em long; central solitary, 6-10 cm
lone Jaterally comnressed, sometimes
a little deflexed; fowers lateral, white, ¢-1)

25 Cacti.—Orcutt. 26

cm long; fruit ‘as large as a small or-
ange,’ covered with small scales bearing
axillary wool and spines. Type, Weber,
material in hb Mo bot gard. ‘A few miles
south of Tehuacan’, Puebla, Mexico.’’—
Coulter, Cont Na hb 8:410.

PILOCEHEREUS SCOPARIUS Pos.

“A: borescens ramosus 20-25 pedes altus, trun-
co diametro 2-8 pollicari. Ramis juniores non-
dum florentes 12-15 costati, costis obtusis cren-
ulatis, areolis 8-12 lin. inter se distantibus nudis
subprominentibus, aculeis radiantibus 5, cen-
trali uno valido pollicari. Ramise iores flores
producentes tenuiores 20-25 costati, costis hu-
milioribus obtusioribus et multo magis confer-
tis, areolis confertissimis, aculeis exterioribus
5-7; 10-12 lin. longis setiformibus brunneis, cen-
traliuno. Flores rari-simi parvi subcampanu.
lati rubicundi. Propela Soledad.—AGZ 1853, 126.

Subgenus HCHINOCHREUS E. “Low
and ustaily cespitose p.ants, mostly with
numerous oval or cylindric heais, short
flowers, green st'gmas, and spiny fruit;
seeds subglobose, covered with c nfluent
tukercles: embryo straight, with very
shert cotyledons.

CEREUS ACIFER Otto.

Echinocereys acifer i em cact 57.

Echinocereus durangensis Pos ex F ed 2, 799.

Variety BREVISPINULUS Jac.
Variety DU ANGENSIS Hort.
Variety TEN. ISSPINUS Jac,

C. adustus E,is pectinatus yar?

C. BLANCKiI Pos AGZ 1853, 134:—

“C. e viridi nigricans 5-5 poll altus diametro
sesyuipollicari apice atte:,uatus, costis 8-10 ver-
ticaliter decurreniibus, a:eolis gibbis mam m2-
tormibus insertis, nudis, aculeis exteoribus 8-10
semipollicaribus fuscis, summis minimis, cen-
traliun» pollicari. Prope Camargo.’’

CEREUS BERLANDIERI EH.

Echin cereus berlaudieri Lem cact 56.

KS nat 185: Mon 256.

Stems 14-6 inches long, an inch thick,
bearing sweet-scented purple flowers 2-4
inches in diameter; a native of southern
Texas and Mexico.

CHREUS BRANDEGET Cowtter.

Caespitose, often 2 feet or more across,
coasisting of itew to many cylindr.cal
heads mostly 6 or 8 inches high, 1144-2 in
diameter, with 8 or 9 interrupted, strong-
ly tube:cu’ate r-b*. The poung spines
frequently tinged with brilliant magenta,
the older spines variable in color, often
of an ivory white with centrals of a deep
magenta—making a very handsome color-
effect. ‘‘Spines at first variegated, dark
and reddish, kecoming more or less ashy-
black; radials 10-16, rigid, terete, radiant,
mostly uniform, 8-12 mm long; centrals
almost a'ways 4, very stout and promi-
nent, 3-4 cm long, cruciate, conspicuously
angled and compressed, sometimes twist-

ed, the lowest usually the most flattened

and sword-like (2-3 mm broad): flowers

red, 4-5 cm long, with conspicuous woolly
and spine-bearing arealae over the ovary
and lower part of the calyx. Type in hb

Brandegee, Hl Campo Allemand and San

Gregorio, Baja California.’’—Coulter,

Cont U S Nat hb 3:389 (1 Ap 1896).

This has much the same aspect as Cer-
eus Engelmanni, with similar variations
in the color of the spines, and bears a
Similar edible fruit.

CEREUS CAESPITOSUS .

CHREUS CHLORANTHUS E.

CEREUS CINERASCENS P DC.

C. CIRRHIFERUS Lab mon 311:—

“Tige rameuse, tres-prolifere, cespitose; ram-
eaux a 5 cotes arrondies, subtuberculees, con-
vexes; sillons aigus; areoles rondes; 10 aiguil-
lons exterieurs tres-ouverts, adprimes, ronds,
blancs, transparents, noduleux ala base, 4inte-
rieurs eriges, egalement noduleux a la base, de
memes couleurs que les autres, chamois a la
base; tout contournes irregulierement. Ram-
eaux de 5-6 et 10 cent. de long sur 3, 3 et demide
diametre; areoles espacees de 15 mm, nues ou
garnies de tomentum court et rare; aiguillons
exterieurs, 4cm de long; aiguilloms interieurs,
4etdemia5 cm de lcng; tous noduloux et
chamois a la base, blancs, transparents, contour-
nes, ques-uns contournes en forme de vrille
s’appliquant sur la plant. Fleur tres-belle,
grande, rouge cramoisi vif, dit-on. Mexique.”’
CEREUS CTENOIDES E.

CEREUS DASYACANTHUS E.
Echinocerens degandii Rebut cat.
Echinocereus dasyacanthus Lem cact 57.
Plant 5-12 inches high, densely covered

with numberless delicately colored spines,
and bearing large showy orange yellow
flowers. El Paso, Texas, and Mexico.

Variety NEO MEXICANUS Coul er.

“Differs in the remote areolae (1.5 cm
apar'), fewer spines (11 radials and 4 cen-
trals), which are much stouter, 10-12 mm
long, radiating, scarcely (if at all) pecti-
nate, and larger seed (1.5 mm in diameter),
Type, Wright 36 in hb Mo bot gard.
Southeastern New Mexico.’’—Coulter,
Cont Na hb 3:284.
CHRHUS DUBIUS E.

Echinocereus dubius Fed 2, 787 KS mon2%6,
CEREUS EHRENBERGI Pfeiffer.

Suberect, flaccid, green; 6 obtuse repand-tu-
berculate ribs, areole subremote, with short
white wool; 8-10 radial spines, 4 longer erect
centrals, all slender, rigid. light yellow. Real
del Monte, Mexico.—Pf AGZ 1840, 282.

CEREUS ENGELMANNI Parry.
Engelmann’scushion cactus. Heads sev.
eral (sometimes, though rarely, a hundred,) 4
to 12 inches high, cylindric or ovate, with 11
to 13 ribs bearing bunches of about 13 pale
radiating spines, and about 4 darker (yellow,

7 = i ba

27

brown or black), stout and angular, straight
or curved central spines, 1 to 3 inches long.
Flowers very numerous, bright magenta, often
4 inches across, followed by delicious fruits,
with much the same flavor of a strawberry,
red, pulpy, filled with black seeds. Utah,
California, Baja California and Arizona.
CEREUS ENNEACANTHUS E.

CBHREUS FENDLERI E.
Bot mag t 6533; Weber dict 278,
Echinocereus fendleri F ed 2, 801.

A queer irregular caespitose plant of
Arizona, New Mexico and Sonora, rarely
more than 12 heads in a eluster, stems 3-4
inches in diameter and about 6 inches
high, distinguished by the one usually
black central spine, which often curves
upward. Flowers magenta colored.
CEREUS GLOMERATUS B, is C. Mari-

timus Jones.

CEREUS KNIPPELIANUS Orcutt.
Echinccereus knippelianus Liebn.
MfK 5:59, 170; KS wiow 222 £47.

EK. liebnerianus ‘Carp’ Balt cact jour 2:262.

CEREUS LEONENSIS Orcutt.
Echinc cereus leonens.s: Maths.

CEREUS LONGISETUS E.
Echinocereus longisetus Lem cact 57.
Is viridiflorus fide Orcutt rev 32,

CEREUS MAMILLATUS Hge.

CEREUS MARGINATUS DC.

“Stem simple or branching at apex,
erect, dark green, 5-7.5 cm in diameter,
ribs 5-7, obtuse, with acute intervals, wool-
ly through the whole length on account of
the con. uent areo.ae; spines 7-9, short (4-6
mm) and conical, r.gid, grayish (younger
ones purplish-black, the central scarcely
distinct from the rest); flower brownish
purple, siender-tubular, 3-5 ecm long; fruit
globular and spiny. Type unknown.
From San Luis Potosi southwest through-
out Mexico. The stem is often covered
with a woody crust, and the woolly con-
fluent areolae are often double. It is said
to be freuently used for hedges in south-
ern Mexico.’’—Coulter, Cont Na hb 3:399.
Cereus gemmatus Zuce ex Pfr Enum 96.

CEREUS MARITIMUS M. E. Jones.

“Caespitose, heads 5-2)0 in a bunch,
which is often 2-3 feet in diameter and a
foot h'gh; each plant cylindrical, 0.a‘e
or in smail specimens almost round, 1%-
4 inches long, three-fourths to 14% wide;
principal spnes 4, stiaight, angled and
somewhat twisted at base, 1-1% irctes
long, beneath these are 8-10 very short
spines which are either straight or
hooked; spines light brown, except when
young, then red at base, springing from
a very short kut cop'‘ous wooi; flowers
light yellow, about 1% inches long and
wide; petals oblanceolate or obovate,
rounded, margii irregular: avary obo-
vate, sessile or short stalked, covered
with burches of white or yellow, often
hooked, short spires and crisped wool;
fruit not mature. Encenada, Baja Cali-

Cacti.—Orcutt.

28
fornia.’’-—Jones, Am 17:97
(S_ 1883). ie

Cereus glomeratus et flaviflorus E. C.
Sanborgianus? C. maritimus Coulter, in
part.

CEREUS MOJAVENSIS Engelm.
CEREUS PACIFICUS E.

Cereus phoeniceus' var.
gelm, MS. :

“Plant cespitose, 1-4 feet in diameter,
few to 500 short stems (6-9 inches long and
2-2% inches in diameter) in each, forming
dense oval cushions; stems with 10-82 ob-
tuse ribs, shallow intervals, and an equal
number of internal ligneous fibers; radial
spines 1-12 and of an average length of
one-fourth inch, the 4 central spines lar-
ger, three-fourths to 1 inch long, slender,
white; flower an inch across, icluding the
ovary 1% inches long, the oblong spatu-
late sepals bright red with a broad pur-
plish mid vein; ovary and fruit with 25-30
spiny areolae; fruit fleshy with numerous
small seed; stamens slender, as long as
Sepals; anthers small, red; style three-
fourths inch long, stigmata 6-8, greenish.’’
—Or W 2:46 (Je 1856).

Type locality. near Todos Santos bay,
Lower California.

CEREUS PECTINATUS E.
Variety CENTRALIS Coulter.

“Plant 6-8 em high; centrals usually 4,
the lowest very short (3-4 mm) and cor-
rect, the upper 2 or 3 as long as the radi-
als (Scmetimes longer), and recurved up-
ward. Type, Wilcox of 1894 in Na hb. Ar-

izona, near Fort Huachaca.’’—Coulter,
Cont Na hb 3:386.

CEREUS POLYACANTHUS Engelm.
Echinocereus polyacanthus F ed 2, 790f.
Cereus leeanus Hooker bot mag t 4417; Hems

543; Weber dict 278.

Echinocereus leeanus Lem cact 57; F ed 2, 828:
Cereus multicostatus Cels cat.
Cereus pleigonus Lab mon 317.

CEREUS POSELGERIANUS A. Lke.
Echinocereus poselgerianus A Lke AGZ 1857,

239; F ed 2.773; KS nat 185: mon 257 (non pos-ri).

CEREUS PROCUMBENS E.

CEREUS RIGIDISSIMUS' Engelm.

Cereus pectinatus, var? rigidissimus 4
Am ac pr 3:279; Mexican boundary R, 31;
collected writings 136, 195.

Ecchinocereus candicans of catalogs.

The Reinbow Cactus of Southern Ari-
zona and Sonora is noted for the beautiful
and varied coloring of the all radiating
and interlocking, extremely rigid and
acute spines, the latest ones of each sea-
son being rose-colored, and the earliest
ones a pale yellowish, thus forming varie-
gated rings around the stems. Flowers
2144-5 inches high, 2 or 3 in diameter.
CEREUS ROEMERI E.

CHREUS ROEITERI E.
CEREUS STRAMINEUS Engelm.

naturalist

pacificus En-

29 Cacti.—Orcutt. 30

CEREUS SUBINERMIS Hem.

CEREUS VIRIDIFLORUS Engelm.

The Green-flowered Cereus of the Rocky
Mountains is especially beautiful on ac-
count of the red, purple and white spines
with which the plant is covered. Flow-
ers numerous, quite large and showy,
light-yellowish-green, very hardy and eas-
ily grown.

Genus CLEISTOCACTUS Lemaire,

C. baumanni Lem in Ill Hort viii Misc 35;
Cact 59, based on Cereus tweedii Bot
Mag t 4498,

C. coiubrinus Lem in Il] Hort viii Mise 35;
Cact 60, is Cereus coiubrinus.

C. rhodacanthus Lem in I1 Hort viii
Mise 35; Cact 61; 1s Echinopsis rhoda-
ecantha.

Genus CONSOLEA Lemaire.

C. catacantha Lem Rev Hort (1862) 174;
Cact 91; is Opuntia catacantha.

C. ferox Lem Rev Hort (1862) 174; Cact 91;
is Opuntia ferox.

C. leucacantha Lem Rev Hort (1862) 174:
Caect 91; is Opuntia leucacantha.

C. rube:ceas Lem, Rev Hort ix Misc 26
(1852); Caet °0; is) Opuntia rubescens.
C. spinosissima Lem, Rev Hort ix Misc
62; Caect 91; is Opuntia spinosissima.

Gents CORYPHANTHA Lemaire.

Based on the subgenus Coryphantha
Engelmann, of Mammillaria, and 24 spe-
cies and one variety named, without de-
scriptions, in J es Cactees, 34-35. C, acan-
thosteph¢s, aulacothele, calcarata, clava,
cornifera, elephantide ns, erecta, Lehyani-
ni, loricata. macromeris, ottor1is, pycna-
cantha, raphidacantha, scheeri, ’schlech-
tendalii, and sulcolanata are presumably
based on species of Mammillaria of the
same names. C. daimonoceras is probab-
ly M. scolymoides CC. conspicua, Engel-
manni, glanduligera, het romorpha
Fookeri, end sub arata are nomina nuda.
C. br=simamma, exsuclans, impex coma,
and Nuttalli are names credited to es
maire in Foester (Handb ed 2). C. ancis-
tracantha is »amed by Lemaire as a vari-
e‘y of raphidacantha. C. glandulifera
and heterophylla Lem, in Index Kewen-
sis, are evident y errors.

Genus ECHINOCACTUS Link & Otto.

“Flowers about as long as wide. Ovary
covered witn sep lod scales. naked or
wooly in their ax ls. Fruit svecul«nt or
sometines dry, covered with persistent
cal x-seales, s°me2t'res enveloned in co-
rious wool, and usually crowned with the
persistent remnants of the flovver, Seed
obliquely obovate. black. Embryo curved
over the small albumen: cotyledens par-
al'e! to the sides of the seed.—Mostly
large, sometimes gigantic. globose or de-
pressed, or ovate, or 1arely subcylirdric,
simple or very rarely cespitose; bunches
of spines on the more or less vertical ribs.
Flowers eontiguous to and above the
spines, on the latest growth of the plant,
often from the rascent wooly areolae
and therefore more or less vertical, open
only in sunlight.’’—E.

Ecrirocactus acutangulus Zucc, is cory-
nodes.

E. abrocentrius Stiebn. 49
E. ACANTHION Salm-Dyck.

“Caule globoso lxte viridi, costis numerosissi-
mis (85-40) valde compressis parum undulatis
ad pulvillos inflatis, pulvillis confertis juniori-
bus albido-velutinis, aculeissuperioribus 3 ap-
planatis intermedio validissimo, cum centrali-
bus 2subulatis bifarie patentibus, basi stramin-
eis superne fulvido-brunneis, inferioribus 8
multo gracilioribus patentibus albidis, Caulis
robustus, validus, diametro quadripollicari et
ultra, aculeis tectus pollicem ad sesquipollicem
longis. Unica hucusque species est in hacce
Sectione aculeis centralibusduobus Flores ig-
noti.”” HDed 2, 161, 31.

ECHINOCACTUS ACUTISSIMUS O-D.
ECHINCCACTUS ALBATUS Dietr.
ECHINOCACTUS ALTEOLENS KS.
ECHINOCACTUS AMBIGUUS Hildm.
ae Ee Ote eagles US ANFRACTUOSUS
art.
ECHINOCACTUS ARRIGENS L-O.
ECHINOCACTUS ASTERIAS Zucc.

Is Astrophytum myriostigma.
ECHINOCACTUS BEGUINII Web.
HCHINOCACTUS BICOLOR Cal.

Near San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

Variety SCHOTTII Hngelmann.
Echinoecactus bolansis Runge, is bicolor.
ECHINOCACTUS BREVIHAMATUS E.
ECHINOCACTUS CALIFORNICUS Mon.
ECHINOCACTUS CAPRICORNUS Detr
BE OO iad CASTANEO.DES
els.
Echinocactus cas‘’an‘enss Hot, is bi-
color.
ECHINOCACTUS CENTETERIUS Lem.
ECHINOCACTUS CERATITES Otto.
ECHINOCACTUS CHILENSIS Hildm.
eae CACTUS CHRYSACANTHION

ECHINOCACTUS CHRYSACANTHUS O.
Globose to cylindrical, wih about 18

ribs and 10 flexuous annulated central

spines 2 inches long, and 4 to many sien-

der white radial spines. Flowers satiny

yellow, more rarely crimson. Cedros Is-

land.

ECHINOCACTUS CONCINNUS Monvy.

ECHINOCACTUS COPTONOGONUS Lm.
Near San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

Variety MAJO% Salm-Dyck,

ECHINOCACTUS CORNIGERUS DC.
Near San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
ECHINOCACTUS COCRYNODES Otto.
State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
ECHINOCACTUS COXII KS.
HCHINOVCACTUS CRISPATUS DC.
ECHINOCACTUS CUMINGII Hopff.
Bolivia, South America.
ECHINOACTUS CURVISPINUS Colla.
ECHINOCACTUS CYLINDRACEUS E.
ECHINOCACTUS DENUDATUS L-O.
Brazil, South America.
ee CC TUS DICHROACANTHUS
art.

31

HCHINOCACTUS
EICHINOCACTUS
Monvy.
ECHINOCACTUS ECHIDNA P D-C.
ECHINOCACTUS ECHINOIDES Lem.
Bolivia, South America
ECHINOCACTUS BHRENBERGII Pf.
eS CACTUS EHLECTRACANTHUS
em.
Echinocactus ellipticus Lem, is bicolor.
ECHINOCACTUS EMORYI Engelm.
Cylindrical, rarely exceeding 2 feet-in
diameter and 6 feet in height; ribs sharp,
usually tuberculate and 21 in number; ra
dials 5

DURANGENSIS. Ree.
EBENACANTHUS

or more, usually 8, stout, annu-
lated, terete, reddish, yellowish, white or
ashy, commonly straight or curved in-
ward, 1-2 inches long; the 1 ‘central
straight or more or tess curved down-
ward, 2-3 inches long, otherwise like tke

radials.

Gila Bend, Arizona, southward to near
Guvaymas. Sonora (Orcutt 2578, 2605).
Hehinocactus equitans Scheidw, is hori-

zonthaloxius.
ECHINOCACTUS HRECTOCENTRUS C.
ECHINOCACT US FRINA' EUS Lem.

State cf Ro Giange ao Sul, 5:asi.
ECHINOCACTUS HXCULPTUS Otto.

ECHINOCACTUS FALCONERI Orcutt.
Plant cylindrical in age, 9-12 inches in
diameter, usuaily under 2 Feet high, light
apple green in color, with a withered ap-
pearance (perhaps not normal); ribs tu-
bereculate, acute, spirally inclined (hence
ealled caracola, “‘snail’’, or biznaga cara-
cola), usually 18, to.rare:y 17, intervais
narrow and deep; radial spines 10 or less,
grayish white, flattened, flexuous, 1-2%
inches jong. and laterally dispcsed; central
spines 7, stout, strorgly annuiated, red-
dish krown, the 3 upper and 3 lower of
akout equal length, divergent. 1-3 inches
long. terete or slightly angled. straight;
the longest central erect, straight, flat-
tened or channelled above. %4 inch broad
or less, varyirg from 1 to 6 inehes in
length sometimes on the same plant, uni-
is rmly about 4% inch at the tip turned
5wnward at right angles with the main

portion ef the spine, forming a _ short
hcok. Named in honor:.of William Fal-
coner. Type, Oreutt, Ng. 2303:—Batamo-
tai, Sonora, Mexico.

Flower and fruit will be described later,
but resemble those of EH. Wislizeni, with
which the plant has perhaps hitherto
been confounded.

ECHINOCACTUS FLAVOVIRENS

Scheidw.

Tehuacan, Puebla, Mexico.

ECHINOCACTUS FORDII Orcutt.
“Giobose, 6 inches or more in diame-
ter, with about 18 tuterculated narrow
ribs closely set with e'vsters of stout
ashy gray spnes. 4 entra, ainulated,
the longest 114 inches lone. and hooked;
2 slender spines above with about 14 di-
vergent radas; fower an inch across,
-about 22 rose purple reals in 2 sires,
9 greenish st gmata, stye tinzed with
red, filaments r-d at to> ard y-low at
base, anthers orangs yellow. Near lLa-
goon Head, Baja California. Named for

Cacti.—Orcutt.

82

Lyman M. Ford, of San Diego, who has
laken a great interes st in ecavti. Appar-
ently the same plant was dJistrib-t>d in
1884, from near San’ @untin kay. as a
for m cf EH. peninsula3.’’—Orcutt Rev 81;.
55 (nomen).

EICHINOCACTUS GIBBOSUS P Dc.
Argentine Republic.
ECHINOCATUS GLADIATUS S§.
HICHINOCACTUS GLAUCUS ES.
BCthIN jICA( T: §S GHISSEI Pos.
ae SACTUS GRAND:CORNIS
em
ECHINOCACTUS GRUSONIT Hil?m.
ee ana H4é EMATACA .THUS
cnv

Vehvacan. Prebla, Mexico.
ECHINCCACTUS HASHLBERGII cy
Eee sr.

i South America.
BCHINOCA CTUS FASTATUS Hpffr.

ICHINOCACTUS HAYMNBEI Ot‘o
BCHTNOCACTUS HETEROCHR- MUS

e
LICRINOCACTUS HEXAHDROPHO-

RUS Lem.

Near San I nis Potosi Mexico.
HCHINOCATUS HILCENSIS Hiidm.
ECHINOCACTUS HORIZONTHALONIUS Lem

Near San I-uis Potosi Mexico.
ECHINOCACTUS HORR!FILUS Lem.
ECHINOCACTUS HUM!'UIS R A Pril.
ge eens HYPTIACANTHUS

em.
HCHINCCACTUS INGENS Zuce.

Plant 2-5 feet high, 1-2 in d'ameter,
simple, or occasionally proliferous, form-
ing erormous masses -S much as 10 feet
in diameter! Ribs 25-32, often bifurcate,
acute, tuberculate- interrupted, areolae iL
inch Jong, an ‘neh epart, cr, in «ld plants,
formi g a eontnuo's wceolly ricg? along

the ribs, the cepre sed top “ense y to-
MENtOse, envelop is) | thie | lowered
fruit. spines all): svowt; anaula ed.

straight, the 4 cent-als of nearly equal
length, 1, inch long, divergent, the ra-
dials three-fourths ineh long or less, 3-4
above and 3 below the centrais—some-
times 2 or more additional radials ,later-
ally dispysed. Flower 2 inches across,
1 and three-fourths long; petals about 20,
acute, % inch broad, canary vellow, tip-
ped with a tinge of rose; about 30 long
narrow acute sepals and scales on the
ovary with woolly axi’s. Anthers, fila-
ments and style rich orange yellow; stig-
mata 7, %4 inch lorg, spreading, style
three-fourths inch long; anthers small,
filaments short. Flowers deeply. imbed-
ded in the dense copious wool an inch
long that fills the depressed top of the
plant. Plant dark apvle green, young
plants especially decorated with broad
horizontal bands of maroon on the ribs,
zvebra-like cr ‘the areolae on the ribs ma~-
gined with hands -f marcon. This is one
of the largest of ‘he vizrega plants, vsed
in makin= ‘dulces.’ Sats of FPucbla,
Mex'co (Orcutt 2°37). Carloads of these
plants are said to be anrually used in the
netive ecnfectionery sons.

Mrs. Anna B. Nickels wentions a Single
plant sent to Etirore that weighed four
tors! Dr. C. C. Perry cites the wool'v or
silk-like substamce po ucel s) abun-
dantly at its depressed Summit, as col-

33 Cacti.—Orcutt. 34

lécted end emplrved “or stuffing pillows,
and Don Louis Eschauzier complains of
having hed to pe: spines cut of beds
made of this material. Ribs said to \ary
from 20 to (0 n numoeer. Greatest record-
ed height 9 feet, diameter 9% feet.
ECHINOCACTUS INTERTEXTUS Em.
ECHINOCACTUS JOHNSONII Engelm.

Johnson’s hedghog eactus was named
for J. H. Johnson, an early Mormon
naturalist, who discovered it about S.

George in southern Utah. It is a
rare and handsome plant, 4 to 7 inches
high, oval, 3 to 5 inches in diameter,
densely covered with stout reddish-
gray spines—turning deep red when
wet. The flower is about 21%, inches
broad, of a rose purple normally, but
some plants which opened their flowers
while packed in a box away from the
light leave light yellowish-green petals
marked with deep maroon at _ base.
Anthers pale primrose yellow; fiila-
ments % inch lond, the inner ones
white, outer ones reddish.. Growing in
out-of-the-way desert places in Ne-
vada, Arizona, and California, it costs
much trouble to secure this beautiful
species.

ECHINOCACTUS JUSSIEUI Monv.
ECHINOCACTUS KRAUSE! Hildm.
HICHINOCACTUS KUNZEI F.
ECHINOCACTUS LAMELLOSUS Dietr.
ECHINOCACTUS LECONTEI Engelm.

Plant 3-4 feet high, about one-third that
in diameter, clavate; flower 2 inches long,
lemon yeilow. ‘Tyve locality on the low-
er parts of the Gila and Colorado rivers,
and in Sonora.’ The Mohave and Colora-
do Desert plants, usually referred to this
species, seem to me distinct. This now
seems to me distinct from either E. Wis-
lizeni or K. cylindraceus.

Our colored portrait fairly well repre-
sents a young nlant from Arizona, but
does not show the dis‘inguishing charac-
teristics.

ECHINOCACTUS LENINGHAUSII KS.

Brazil, South America.
ee US LEUCACANTHUS

uce
ECHINOCACTUS LIMITUS Engelm.
ECHINOCACTUS LONGIHAMATUS Gal.
ECHINOCACTUS LOPHSTHELE S.
ECHINOCACTUS McDOWELLII Rebut.
ECHINOCACTUS MACRODISCUS Mart.

Near San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
ECH'NOCACTUS MALLETIANUS Lem.
ECHINOCACTUS MARGINATUS S.

BOoliv.a, South America.
HECHINOCACTUS MATHSSONII Berge.
eam MHGALOTHELOS

e1cKe.

Paraguay Republic, South America.
ECHINOCACTUS MONVILLEI Lem.

Paraguay Republic, South America.

EKCHINOCACTUS MICROMERIS Weher.
Weber, Bios dict 804. K Br Zoe 5ib.
Mammillaria micromeris EK. Epithelan-
tha micromeris Weber;
HCHINOCACTUS
Web.
Argentine Republic.
HICHINOCACTUS MINUSCULUS Web.

Argentine Republic.

HCHINOCACTUS MI'TIS R A Phil.
ECHINOCACTUS MULTICOSTATUS
Hiidm.
HCHINOCACTUS MULTI” LOMUS Hook
ECHINOCAICTUS MURICA'TUS Otto.

Brazil, South America.
EC7I* OCACTUS MUTABILIS F.

Peru, South America.
HCHINOCACTUS NAPINUS R A Phil.
HCHINOCACTUS NETRELIANUS

Monvy.
E'ICHINOCACTUS NIGRICANS Derr.
EICHINOCACTUS OBVALLATUS P DC.
HCEINCCACTUS OCCULTUS R A Phil.

Chile, Scuth Amer'eca.

ECHINOCAC! US CDIERI Lem.
ECHINOCACTUS CLIGACANTHUS S.
ECHINOCACTUS ORCUTTII Engelm.

“Heats eylndrical, 10-18 inches in di-
bulging in the middle, growing single or
ame’er and ?-3144 feet high, sometimes
often cesvitose, more rarely proliferjsus at
base, with 13 when young, to usually 20 or
22 obtuse tuberculate ribs and a woolly,
spineless, depressed top; spines stout, red+
dish, stra’ght or recurved, all annulated,
usually 9 radiating and 4 stouter central
ones; flowers deep dull crimson with
greenish or lighter colored margins to the
petals, 2 inches ‘ong, otherwise as in BH.
vir descens: stigmata green, 16-20; fruit
pulyy, ermson, scaly, with numerous
small seeds.”,—Or W 2 :46 (Je 18°%6).

Type loeality: Palm valley, Lower Cal-
iforn a.

HCHINOCA'CTUS CRNATUS P DC.
ECHINC CACTUS OTTONIS L-O.

Brazil, South America.
ECHINOCACTUS PAMPEANUS Speg-

AZZ.

HCHINOCACTUS PAPYRACANTHUS BR.
HCHINOC'A7~ TUS PARRYI BE.
ECHINOCACTUS PENINSULAE Eng.

Globose to. cylindrical, rarely over 18
inches in diameter, rarely attaining a
heigtt of & fert; the 12-21 eompressed tu-
berculated ribs set with clusters of dull
red spines; centra’s 7, stout, the stoutest
not rarely 4-6 inches long and %4 inch
broad hooked.
eS PENTACANTHUS

em.

Near San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

KC HINOCACTUS PEPINIANUS Lem.
HCHINOCACTUS PFEIFFERI Zucc.

EC HINCCAICTUS PHILIPPII KS.
HCHINOCACTUS PHYLLACANTHUS

MICROSPEHERMUS

Mart.

HCHINOCACTUS PHYMATOTHEALOS
Pos.

} Ee ee ee

35

ECHINOCACTUS PILOSUS Gal.
Near San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

peep oN PLACENTIFORMIS
Xp.

ECHINOCACTUS POLYANCISTRUS EB
The Hermit cactus, so-called because
it is rare to find more than one in a
place, is a strikingly beautiful cactus
which I have sen only on the Mohave
desert in its wild state. The largest
plant I have seen is 18 inches high and
4 inches in diameter; each tubercle
bears three to seven hooked, round,
brownish-pink spines, with which are
interspersed fewer ivory white spines,
not hooked, very pleasing in contrast.
Flower over 2 inches long, of equal
width, petals bright magenta, green at
base, filaments and stigmata green,
anthers white. They were once cata-
logued at $15 apiece, and are siill rare
in ‘collections, unfortunately seldom
long surviving transplanting from
their native sands. Too much mois-
ture soon proves fatal.
ECHINOCACTUS POLYCEPHAULUS E-
Heads many from a Siogle b se, %-246
feet high, globose to cylindric, rics 15-21,
acute: circular areo’ae beaiing 8-12 stout
compressed annuiated .curv_d reddisna
gray spines, ail radial, cr 4 siouter cen-
tral ones: flowers enveloped in a mass of
dense white wool, 1% inches .cng, Pera »
about 30, lance-linear. yellow; about 10)
rigid dark pointed secals upon the ovary,

hidden in the woo, those of the tube
similar and equally numerous; stigmas
8-11, ‘linear; fruit dry, full of angular

wrinkled and minutely tubercuiate seeds
4mm long. Gravelly soi! on the Mohave
and Colorado deserts, in California, flow-
ering in F, fruiting in Mr.
HCHINOCACTUS POTTSII §&.
ECHINOCACTUS PUMILUS Lem.
ECHINOCACTUS RECURVUS L-O.
Oaxaca, Mexico.
HCHINOCACTUS
Pos.
ECHINOCACTUS ROBUSTUS L-G.
Tehuacan, Puebla, Mexico.
ECHINOCACTUS SAGLIONIS Cels.
Argentine Republic.
ECHINOCACTUS SAUSSIERI Web.
EICHINOCACTUS SCHICKHNDANTZII
Web.
Argentine Republic.

RINCONADENSIS

ECHINOCAICTUS SCHILINZKYANUS
EH Hee jr.
Paraguay Republic, South Amarica.

ECHINOCAICTUS SCHUMANNIANUS
Nic.

Paraguay Republic, South America.
ECHINOCACTUS SCHEPRII Sm-Dyk.
ECHINOCACTUS SCOPA L-O.

Brazil, South America.
ECHINOCACTUS SHLLOWII L-O.

State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

Cacti.—Orcutt.

36
BECHINOCACTUS SHIN-LIS R A Phi.
Chile, South Amer ca,
HCHINOCACTUS SETISPINUS E.
ECHINOCACTUS SILHRI Engelm.
WHINOCACTUS SIMPSON &nselin.
Hedgehog Cactus of Colorado; tre
spines, ranging from white through

,shades of straw, yellow and brown, near-

ly hide the plant; fiowers sheil-pink to
bright rose in co.or.
Variety MINOR Engelmann.

Button or Snake Cactus; snines array g-
ed in beaut ful star-shaved clusters; flow-
ers pale rose.

HCHINOCACTUS SINUATUS Dietr.
ECHINOCACTUS SMITHII Mueh,

Near San Luis Potos!. Mexico
Mchinoecaetus tetracznthis Lem, i;

owii.
ECHINOCACTUS

Lem.

Eouth America.
HCHINOCACTUS
ECHINOSCACTUS

Sel-

SUBMAMMULCS §S

SUBNICER Fos.
TABULARIS C-ls.
EICHINOCACTUS TETRAX PHUS Ctto.
ECHINOCCACTUS THXEINSIS Hoepf.
Hichinocactus trieclor Hort, is bicclor.
Hchinocactus tricornis. Micnv, is alteo'ens
HCHINCCACTUS TRICUSFIDATUS
Scheidw.
HCHINOCACTUS TROLLIETI Rebut.
Is unguispinus.
HCHINOCACTUS TULENSIS Pos.
HCHINOCACTUS TURBINI«ORMIS Pf.
HCHINOCACTUS UNCINATUS Gal.
ECHINOCACTUS UNGUISPINUS Engm
HICHINOCACTUS VILEUOSUS Lem.
HCHINOCACTUS VIBIDESCENS Nett.
The Turk’s Head cactus, that occurs at San
Diego, California; very variable, but usually
depressed, less than a foot in diameter, with
strong, annulated reddish spines; 13 to 21
ribs; fruit greenish or sometimes tinged with
nee very sour, enclosing numerous black
seeds.

ECHINOCACTUS WHIPPLE! E. & B.

Whipple’s hedgehog cactus is only 2
to 5 inches high, ovate-globose, char-
acterized by seven compressed white
radial spines and four broad hooked
central spines. Flower 1% inch long,
petals and filaments pale straw color,
the style and seven stigmata green. ~
ECHINOCACTUS WILLIAMSII Lem.

Anhalonium williamsii oerster handb 23

Lophophora williamsii et var. lewinii Coulter
nat hb cont 3-131.

The Mescal Button, or Turnip cactus,
as it is sometimes called (which forms
the type of Coulter’s genus lLophop-
hora) is a small spineless plant with
pretty rose-colored flowers. The plant
rarely exceeds 38 inches in diameter,
little appearing above the surface of
the ground, but when eaten it pro-

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37

duces peculiar intoxicating effects sim-
ilar to those from the use of opium,
and the plant enters into certain re-
ligious rites of the Indians of the Sierra
Madre mountains in Mexico. A power-
ful drug is prepared from the plant by
chemists.

ECHINOCACTUS

Mueh.

ECHINOCACTUS WISLIZENI Engelm.
Variety ALBISPINA Tourmey.
Variety DHCIPIENS Engelmann.

Genus ECHINOCEHERHUS Hngelmann.

Included under the genus Cereus.
HE. Berlandieri Lem, is Cereus Berlandi-

WIPPERMANNII

eri E.
EH. Blankii Palm, is Cereus Blankii Pos.
Exchinocereus conglomeratus F, is Cereus
polyacanthus.
Hchinocereus leeanus
pclyacarthus.
Echinocereus leonensis Maths, is Cereus
leonensis.
H. Leptacanthus KS, is Cereus leptacan-
thus §.

Lem, is Cereus

Eichinocereus Merkeri Hiidm, is Cereus
Merikeri.

Eich.nocereus paucispinus Lem, is Cereus
pclyacanthus.

E. procumbens Lem, is Cereus procum-
bens E.,

E. pulcheiius KS, is Cereus pulchellus Pf

EH, fSaim-Dyckianus Scheer, is Cereus
Salm-Dyck:anus Web.

BH. Scheeri Lem, is Cereus Scheeri §S.

HK. subinermis s, is Cereus subinermis.

EH. tuberosus Rumpl, is Cereus tuberosus
Pos.

Genus ECHINOPSIS Zucearini.

Included under the genus Cereus.

Hi-HINOPSIS AMOENISSIMA Wend.
HCHINOPESIs CALAMARCEHNSIS Web.
ECHINOPSIS CINNABARINA Lab.
Belivia, South America.
ECHINOPSIS DROHIGHIANA Berge.
ECHINOPSIS D )CIS-PAULI F.
ECHINOPS'S EYRIBSIL Zucc.
HICEINO SIS KORMOSA Jac.
ECHINOPSIS GEMMATA KS.
Brazil, South America.
HCHINOPSIS HUOTTII Lab.
ECHINOPSIS KUOTTIL Schlumb.
ECHINOPSIS LAGHEMANNII Dietr.
ECHINOPSIS LHUCANTHA Walp.
ECHINOPSIS MULLERI. A hybrid, of rapid
growth, blooming early, and with its large
satiny rose-colored flowers is justly zalled the
finest of its class.
ECHINOPSIS MULTIPLEX Zucc.
Bre zil, South America.
HCHINOPSTS NIGRICAN'S Link.
EICHINOPSIS OBRHIPANDA KS.
Bolivia, South America.
HCHINOPSIS OXYGONA Zucc.
Brazil, South America.
ECHINOPSIS PENTLANDII S.
Peru, South America.
ECHINOPSIS PUDANTII Hort.
ECHINOPSIS RHODACANTHA S.
ECHINOPSIS ROHLANDII Hort.
HCHINOPSIS|) SALMIANA Web.
Variety PPIDGEHES'I KS.
ECHINOPSIS SCHICKENDANTZII
Web.

Cacti.—Orcutt.

38

KICHINOPSIS SIMPLEX Niedt.
HCHINOPSIS "OUGARDIIL ’Her.
HCHINOPSIS TUBIFLORA Zuce.
Variety NIGRISPINA KS.
Hehinopsis turbinata Zuece, is gemmata

fide KIS. *

HCHINOPSIS VALID'A Monvy.

Paraguay tepublic, South America,
Variety MFORBHASII R. Mey.
HCHINOPSIS WILKENSII Hort.
Hichinopsis zucearinii (uccatiniana) Pf,

is tubiflora fide KS.

Epithelantha micromeris Web, is Mam-
millaria micromeris Hngelmann.

Genus EHPIPHYLLUM Pfeiffer.

EPIPHYLLUM ALTENISTEINII Pfr.

EPIPHYLLUM GUEDNEYRTI Houl.

HPIP!YLLUM MACKOYANUM Hort.

HEI’ HYLLUM OBOVA'TUM BB.

BPIPHYLLUM RUSSELIANUM Hook.

HPIPHYLLUM TRUNCATUM Haw.
Inch, Crab, or Lobster Cactus; a native

of Brazil. popular 7s a house plant.

GRUSONIA CHREIFORMIS F Rchb, is
Opuntia cerciformis Web fide KS.
Genus GYMNOCALYCIUM Pfeiffer.

G. gitbosum Pf, is Echinocactus mon-
villei.

G. reductum Pf,
sus.

G. vil’osum F, is Echinocactus villosus.

Genus LEPISMIUM Pfeiffer.

The prblished species, as far as known,
ere considered eS ‘ynonyms of Rhirsalis.

is Echinoecactus gibbo-.

Genus LEUCHTENBERGIA Fiseh.

LEUCHTHNBERGIA PRINCIPIS Fisch.
Near Zimipaa, Mexico.

Gents LOPHOPHORA Coulter.
LOPHOPHORA WILLIAMSII Coulter.
See «ehinoeactus williamsii.

Genus MALACOCARPUS Salm.

Nearly all the published species are con-
sidered as synonyms of Elchinocacti, of
the same specific names.

The identity of M. Martini Labour, (ex
Foerster, Handb Cact ed 2, 1:454) and
habitat are unknown.

Genus MAMMILLARIA Haworth.

“Flowers about as long as wide; the
tube campanulate cr funnel-shaped. Cva-
ry often hidden between the bases of the
tubercles, as well as ihe exsert succulent
berry, naked. Seeds yellowish-brown to
black, exal:uminous or nearly so. Em-
bryo mostly short and straight, with ex-
tremely short cotyledons parallel to the
sides of the seed.—Small, more or less.
g ovose or oval simple or cespitose plants,
the spine-bearing areolae korne on cylin-
dric, oval, conic, or angular tubercles,
which cover the body of the plant. Flow--:
ers form a distinet woolly or bristly areo-
la at the base of these tuberc.es, fully
open in sunlight, most.y only for a few
hours.’—H.

Subgenus COCHEMIEHA. Plants cyl-»
indrical, usually much elongated, with
watery juice, and grooveless tubercles.
Flowers mostly in a Yirg near the ver-
tex, several times longer than broad,

39 Cacti.—Orcutt. 40

a

ek 77
Paez “E51
[7

MAMMILLARIA PECTINATA Engelm.

hls

i 4/ { A

MAMMILUA'RIA MACROMERIS Engen.

FNISS

re

~ WSS j
ON

MAMMILLARIA LASIACANTHA Engeim. MAMMILLARIA WRIGHTII Enge.m.

=

4T Cacti.—Orcutt. 42

searlet, tubular, slerder, somewhat curv-
eu, and obigue with spreading, unequal,
petaioid sepals, so making the flower ap-
parently double as in Cereus flageiliform-
is. Stamens and style red, exserted.,

GAMMILLARIA HALEI Brandegee.

CacsSulituse, stems 8-10, about a foot
high, 2-3 inches in diameter, straight, cov~
ered with dark-colored straight spines; tu-
bercles short, rounded, wooily in the ax-
ils; spines 15-25, 4% inch long, with 3-4 of
the interior ones stouter and an inch long;
flowers an inch long, vertical from the ax-
ils of young tubercles, scarlet; sepals all
searlet, petaloid; anthers scarlet, fila-
ments exserted, yellowish, stigma scarlet:
fruit red, clavate, ™% inch long; seeds
smcoth. A handsome species, seen only
upon Magdalena and Santa Margarita Is-
iands, where it is very abundant.’’—Bran-
degee Cal ac pr sr 2, 2:161, t 6.

MAMMILLARIA PONDII Greene.

“Krom a iew inches to a foot high, sim-
pie cr w.th a few oval or cylindricaily
cvlongatel branches; g.owing parts to-
mentose: radial spines 20-30, white, slen-
der; central 4 or 5, the longest more than
an inch in length, rigid and strongly
book d, ca k browa asove the middie:
fiowers nearly z inches long, bright scar-
1t. Near M. Good.iigii, and difering
from it in its large size and brilliantly
@) ored iarze fiowers. The plants were
‘n flower .n i ebruary. Ihe species comes
f.om the southwestern part of Cedros
island.’’—Greene Fictoria 1:268 (20 Mr
1889):

fruit 20 mm Icng, 10 m in greater diam-
eter, greenish, kase imbedded in wool, re-
mzins cf flower persistent, pulp slightly
acid, greenish (May 6, 189/): seeds 0.5 mm
in d ameter.

MAMMILELA PITA ROSEANA Bnde.

“Stems numerous trom the : ,root,
spreading, curved, ascending, one-third to
2mm tong, 4 em thick; mamillae ar-
ranged ia quincunxial order, 15 mm apart,
eylindiical, 12 mm iong, white-woolly in
the upper axils: pulvinae finely pubscent;
racial spines .-9 in number, 9-12 mm long,
browa o° straw coloved, the single cen-
tral spine 25 mm iong, curved, hooked at
the tip; flowers from the axils of the up-
per mami lae, 3 ‘mi long; sepals and pet-
as brie nr se-rleyy jcised into a tube,
spreading at iheir tirs, in several series;
stamens and style scarlet; style branches
5-7; fruit scarlet, pyriform. 6-8 mm long;
seeds black, p'tted; estyledons united,
only a depr-ssed line at their tips; albu-
men nuone.—Throughout the Jower eleva-
tions of the Cave Region and northward
to Calmalli. Th’s cactus is one of the
most sh wy of Lower Caiforna. Dr.
Palmer collected it at La Paz and it. is
No. 139 of the list from that place in
Contr. U. S. Herb. No. 3 ,catalogued by
Mr. Pose. for whom it is appropriately
named. The stems pendent from rocks
at Comondu are sometimes 6 feet long.
'This species and M, Halei of Magdalena
and Santa Margarita Islands have simi-
lar flowers, fruit and seeds. The seeds of
M. Halei were wrongly described as
smooth; they are pitted in the same man-
ner as those of this species.’”-—Br Zoe 2:19
(Ap 1891). j

MAMM’'’LUARIA SENILIS Lodd.

Stem columnar, 2 dm high, & em diameter,
proliferous at base in age, axis naked, brilliant
green; wect § tomentose, tomentum & sp ues
white; radials very numerous, flexible, ¢rini-
form, 4-6 Gentrals stronger, the upper hooked,
“Giowson palms, San Luis Potosi.”

Variety HASSELOVII S$ [M hasselofii Eh].

“pines more numerous, all criniform.

Variety LINKKHI S[M linkei Eh],
Cen ralspiues all hoobed,

MAMMILLARIA SHTISPINA J.

“Cactus setispinus: fasciculate and as-
cenaing, simple or branched at base, the
stems about 20 ecm high and 36 cm in di-
ame.er, densely covered with 1emarkably
long stout S».nes: tubercles short and
broadly conical, wih axillary _| wool:
spines white, with black tips; radials 10-
12, wide y spreading, very unequal, 10-34
mm lung, slender and flexuous; central
spines 1-4, more rig d and much longer
(40-50mm), the urper ones stiaight, the
lowest one ‘ongest ard hooked usually
upwards) and often vaiiously curved and
twisted: fru t obovate and scarlet, «0 mm
long: seeds black and pitted. 1ype, Gabb
15\ in Herb. Mo. Bot. Gard | |\Rocky oT
gravelly soi), San Julio canyon, and in
the vicinity of an Borgia, Lower Cali-
fornia.’’—Coulter Cont U S Nat Hb 3: 106
(10 Je 1884).

Subgenus CORYPHANTHA. Plants
globose or elonga‘ed, often robust, with
watery juice. Tubercles (in age) grooved
on the upper side. Flowers as in Humam-
illaria, but some at the extremity of the
groove in the axils of young tubercles,
usually near the vertex of the plant.

MAMMILLARIA ALVERSONI Hort.
The Fox-tail cactus is of robust

branching habit, densely covered with
long sicut straight spines, usually tip-
ped with biack or black half way down,
shading into red, but often pure ivory
white throughout. The large rose pur-
ple flowers are quite showy. The larg-
est of some fifty plants was a cluster
of six heads measuring 38 inches in
diameter and about 8 inches high.
See radiosa.
MAMMILLARIA ARIZONICA HEngelm.
See radiosa

MAMMILLARIA COMPACTA E.
Depressed-globose, 5-10 em diam, simple; tu-
hereles short-conical, crowded, 8 mm long; ra-
dials 13-16, rigid, recurved & anpressed, inter-
woven with adjacent clusters, whitish or horny,
10-2)mm long: central erect, often wanting;
fis 3-3.5¢m Jong and broad, yellow; fruit oval,
green; seeds 1.4mm long, Smooth, yellow. Chi-
huahua.
MAMMILLARAA CONOIDEA P DC.
Ovate-conical, simple, 3.5-10 cm high, 4-7 in
diameter below with densely woolly vertex;
tubercles close, ovate, 12 mm long, axils at first
woolly; radials 10-16, ashy to white, straight,
stout, 6-10 mm long; centrals 3-5, 10-16 mm

43 Cacti.—Orcutt. A4

long, the lowerone more rigid, 15-29 mm long,
brownish-blaeck; fls deep purple, 2-3 cm long «
wide. San Luis Potosi; Coahuila; Nuevo Leon.
MAMMILUARIA CORNIFERA P DC.
MAMMILLARIA DASYACANTHA HE.
Mamillaria echinus E. is radians.

MAMMILLAIRIA HLBEPHANTIDENS
Lem.

MAMMILLLARIA, MACROMERIS E.
MAMMILLA RIA MISSOURIENSIS
Sweet hort Brit 171 [1827].
M simplex T-G Fl N Am 1:553 [1840].
M nuttallii E pl Fend 49 [1849].
M notesteinii Britton Torr cl b 18:367 [1891].
Oactus mamillaris Nutt Gen 1 :295 [1818] non tu.

Globose, 3.5 em diam_, simple; mamme ovate,
12-14mm long, slightly gruoved; radiais 13-17,
straight, whitish, unequal, setaceous, 8-10 mm
loug; central more robust, longer, puberulent,
or wanting; fls 2.56 cm long, stiginas 2-5; truit
globose, Scarlet, 6-8 mm diam., seeds giobose,
blac. pitted, 1.1mm diam. «ontana, Kansas,
Colorado, Nebrassa, South Dakota.

Star Cactus; dwarf; flowers yellow or
Ssaimon color.

MAMMILLARIA NICKELSAH K Br.

“Soon and densely caespitose, glaucous

-and often purplish, 4-6 cm high, hemis-
phericai or givbose; tubercles 10-12 mm
long, becoming cuiie as Lroad and um-
bricated; spines 14-18 a:l radial, slender,
at fir:t yellowish wih datker ips, later
al gray; lower spi es 8-10 mm long, the
upper one-third ionger, stcuter, ex end-
ing into the g:cove and foiming a fas-
cicle, the clustered fa cizies makng an
upright tuft at ‘he ver ex; iowers 5-( cm
in full espansion, said t: be be gat yel-
low with red cenier; fruit unknown.
fouthward from j.aredo, Texas, Named
for the collector, Mrs. Anna B. Nicxels,
and offered in catalogues as M. Nickelsii.
Hivisentiv cl-sely related to M. sulcata
bngelm.’ —Kathern- Brandegee, Zoe, 5:
ol (ag 1900).

Mammillaria pectinata H. is radians.

M. POTTSII Scheer exsalm H!) ed %, 04.

Cylindrical, 3-385 em high, 2.5-3 diam, some-
what branching; tubercles ovate, obtuse, light
ly grooved, axili wo» ly, radi. ls -lender. white,
very nu serous, rigid; centrals 6-12, siouter, fis
pinkish; scarlet, clavate fruit. texas; (hinca-
bua; Durango.

Cactus pottsil OK rev gen pl 261; Coulter Ue.

Mleona Pos AGZ 1853, 94:—‘-stelligerve M.
caule cvlindraceo interdum prolifero diametro
pollicari 4-5 poll. alto glauco, mamillis brevi-
bus confertis; axillis lavatis, areoli- nudis, acu-
leis exterioribus permultis intertexti< albidis,
eentralibus 8-12, exteriores superantibus tla-
vescentibus, Ssummo subcurvato albo subpurpu-
rascente ” Nuevo Leon
MAMMILLARIA RADIANS P DC.
MAMMILLARIA RADIOSA E.

M. alversoni, arizoniea, chlo-antba, deserti
MAMMILLUARIA RHECURVATA KE.
MAM™MILLARIA STROBILIFORMIS Shr.
MAMMILLARIA SULCOLANATA Lem.
MAMMT:LIRIA VIV: PARA Haw.

Puip-e and white sp.n_s cover the en-

tire plant; flowers bright purple, 3.5 cm
long and broader when fully expanded,
showy. Montana, Nebraska, Colorado,
Idaho, Washington and British America
—consequently one of the most hardy spe-
cies known.

MAMMILLARIA WISSMANNII Hildm.

Section G ANDULIFERAE. Cylindr c-
ai; mammae cylindrical Jcng, or oval and
m.ore or less globose; grooves bearing
more or less conspicuous glands, the
grooves cften absent in young p.an §S, the

g ands sometimes n the axils or at the
baze of the tubercles.

MAMMILLARIA ASTERIAS Cels.

MAMMILLARIA BREVIMAMMA Zuce.
Near Zimipan. M xico.

MAMMILIARIA CLAVA Pf. °
“Clavato-colummnaris, intense viridis; axi lis
tomento denso alboetgianduta simplice ri! ella
instructis, mox planissimis, nudis; memunillis
elongatis erectis, dorso sulvatis, basi eblique
tetragonis; areolis albo-villosis infraapicalibus;
aculeisr: ctis, corneis, Subequalibus, radiavti-
bus 7, centralil, paulo longiore, crassiore.’”’ -Pfr
AGZ 1840, 282, Mexico—Fhrenb» g. ‘
Bot mag t 4358 Otto & Dietr AGZ 1845, 234-5.
M dolichocentra Lem.
MAMMILLARIA DOLICHOCENTRA Lm

Two distinct species have been figured un-
der this name by Foerster, Schumann, & Lem

Seeclava.
MAMMILELARTA ERECTA Lem.
MAMMILLARIA GLANDULIGHRA

Otto ex Dietr AGZ 1818, 298:—‘‘obovata, sub- »

claucescens axillis nudis; mamiltlis brevibus,
pyramidatis, subteretibus, albido-puncia iy,
dorso glandular roseo albo instructis; areolis
subnudis; aculeis exteri -aibus stelratim dispos-
itis numerosis flavescentibus demum albi ,
centralibus ternis vel quaternis subulatis fus-
cis, unico patente, reteris erectis. Mexico.”

Ts Ottonis fide KS,

MAMMILLARIA MACROTHELE Mart.

Near Zimipan, Mexico.
MAMMILLARIA OTTONIS Pf.

“Globosa simplex obscure griseo-virens; ax-
illis fasciculo lane albide et glandula rubra to-
mento albo cincta instructis; mammillis crassis
mammeformibus, basi interduia confluenti-
bus, dorso usque ad glandulam sulcatis; areolis
junioribus albo-villosis; »culeis radiantibus 11-
12 subeequalibus rigidis rectis, 2 simmis gr i¢'li-
oribus subereecfi , flavescent., apice fusc., tan-
dem fusco.cinereis, centralibus 3 rarius 4, (siim-
mo plerumque defiviente) subdecussatis, rigidi-
oribus, corneis, infimo longissimo natente re-
curvulo.”’—Pfr AGZ1838,274. Mineral de! Mon
te, Vexico—Ehrenberg.
MAMMILLARIA SALMDYCKIANA

Scheer ex Salm HD ed 2, 134 [1850]. °

M Scheerii Muehpf AGZ 1947, 97, non 1845.

M robus'i- pina schott ex E.

M [Cactus] brownti Toumev bot caz ?2:253.

See Orcutt rev 77-78 for descriptions; itis tf me
the uaime sculerii «ere dropped fui iis rare

45 Cacti.—Orcutt. 46

plant of Sonora. New Mexico, Chihuahua, Vex-
as and Arizona’ the plants from San Luis Poto-
siisa distinct species,
MAMMILLARIA SCHEERII Muchipf.
*“Globosa multiplex: mammillis subglobosis
superne suleatis; aculeis radiantibus 20-22 albis
adpressis subdistichis, centralibus 4 reectis fus-
cis. infimo valde elongato 8-10 lin. longo ”-AGZ
1845. 846; 1846, 878, is polymorpha [conoidea].
See salmdyckiana.

Subgenus DOLICHOTHELE KS,

MAMMILLARIA LONGIMAMMA P SC.
MAMMILLARIA SPHAERICA S&S,

Subgenus LACTIHSCHNTEHS. Plants de-
pressed-globose, rarely a little elongated;
juice milky; tubereles usually angular
and somewhat leathery. Flowers as in
Humamiilaria, but mcstly small.
MAMMILLARIA ANGULARIS L-O.

pe eek ta ea CAPUT-MEDUSAE
tto.

Near Zimipan,| Mexico.
M. DIACENTRA Jacobi AGZ 1856, 91.

‘“Angulose tetragone. Caule spheroideo, sub-
umbilicato saturate viridi lactescente. M m-
illis ad basin rhomboideis, obtuse pyramidali-
bus apice late:aliter applanatis; pulvillis ovali-
bus glabiissvbapicalibus; axil is junioribus nu-
dis, dein floccose aibo-lanatis, serius cenuo nu-
dis. ° Setibus radialibus 5-6, diaphane albidis
apice suvsphacelatis, serius ubique albidis,
subulatis vix patulis, subtus et inferne recur-
vulis radianter positis, 2aut 3 superioribus bre-
vissimis, 3 inferioribus altero tanto longioribus;
aculeis centralibus 2, multo validioribus longio-
ribusque, junio ibus einereo-b:unneis apice ni-
gris, dein carneo cinereis apice nigricansibus,
sSuperioreerecto sensim recurvato, inferiore
recte patente inferne recurvulo, utroque earum
basin semi terete. apice rotundato, inferiore
fere altero tanium longiore. Flores parvuliru-
bicundi, tubo brevissimo, circa ovarium ventri-
e se dilatato, superne coarctato, petalis lance -
jJatis breviter recurvatis, roseis cum linea media
purpurea. Stamivum filamenta rosea anthe-
reeque sordide flave: stylus staminibus longior
roseus, Stigmatibus 6 « neoloribus. Floret
mensibus Junio et Julio Planta descripta alti-
tiudine trivollicari diametroque poll. 344. Aeu-
leorun radiali'im 2 aut 3 superi lin. 1, ceteri 3,
lin. 2 Jongi; acule rim centralium superior lin.
6-8longus, inferior pollicari set utra.’’

MAMMILLARIA FORMOSA Scheidw.
M. FUNKII Scheidw AGZ 1841, 43.—

‘*t actescens, robusta, umbilicata, laete virid-
is; axillis nudis, tandem crinifeyii; crinibus al-
bis apice nigrescentibug ex mox unicoloribus;
mammillis pyramidato-tetraedris; areolis inf a
apicem mammil!arum immersis, nudis, juniori-
bus vix tomentosis; aculeis 8 maxime inzquali-
bus, centralil longissimo incurvulo, nascenti-
bus fuscis, tandem griseis. Truncus 3 poll 10
Jin altus, diametro 6 pollicari; aculei exteriores
Yy-1-21in. longi, centralis 14-6 lin. longus.”

Mexico.

MAMMILLARIA GABBII Engelm.

Cactus gabbii Coulter, U S na Hb cont
2:109:—‘Globose, 5-10 cm in diameter, sim-

ple, tubereles cylindrical, slender, 12-14
mm Icng, with woolly axils; radial spines
about 18, 5-8 mm long, lower ones longer
and stouter, especially the latest ones
pectinate; the central shorter, straigt
and robust; flowers small, yellowish-red;
fruit unknown.—Tyre in Herb. Mo. Bot.
Gard. Among rocks, from San Ignacio
to Mission San Fernando, Lower Califor-
nia,’’

Near San Quintin bay, Baja Cal. (Or-
cutt).

Cactus brandegei Coulter, U S Na Hb
cont 3:76.

MAMMILLARIA GEMINATA Scheidw.

—“‘Lactescens, truneo geminato; vertice umbil-
jeato; axillis lanstis; man millis tetragono-pol-
yedris, viridibus; areoljs junioribus lanatis,
dein nudis; aculeis exterioribus 6 rectis. stella-
tis, apice nigrescentibus; centrali 1 validiore
eurvula nigro Mammil & 4 lin. longze: aculei
exteriores 244 lin, longi ecentralis longitudine 3
lin.”’—A@Z 1841, 42. 5000 ft alt near Oax:eca, Mex.
MAMMILLARIA GIGANTHA Hildm.

MAMMILLARIA GUMMIFERA BH.
MAMMILLARIA HHESHEANA Mae Dow.
MAMMILLARIA HEYDERI Muehlenpf.
‘‘Globosa, viridis, vertice impresso, axillis
jurioribus ‘anatis, mamillis conicis, elongatis,
6 lineas longis, 3lineas latis, areolis junioribus
albo-tomentosis apice mamillarum dispositis;

‘aculeis radiantibus 20-22 albis setace’s. inferiori

robustior! panlulum el ‘ngato, ecentralil, erecto
corneo basi apiceque fusco 214-3 lineas longo.’’—
Mhiptdt AGZ1848,20, Texas.

Regel Gartenflora 1880, 52, f.

Scheele. Roem Texas, 435 (1849).

M. KRAMERI Muehpft AGZ 1845, 347:

“‘Globosa, basi tandem prolifera: axillis lana-
tis; mammillis angulosis pyramidalis, juniori-
bus lanatis, aculeis exterioribus 4-5 rigidis,
centrali 1 elongato 144-2 poll. longo, omnibus al-
bis apice nigris Die pflanze ist aus Mexico, und
erhielt ich dieselbe vom Kramer in Hamburg,
unterden Namen M. macrantha.’’

Runge sent under this name from San Luis
Potosi, whi: h bore flowers 34 inch Jong, 4% inch
across, 12 maroon purple sepals, 16 white petals
with maroon midvein, 6 stigmata, style, fila-
ments and anthers white

M Schmidtii (schmittii) Ske.

M. LEUCOTRICHA Scheidw AGZ 1840, 338:

“M. lactescens, simplex vel cespitosa, cylin-
drica, vertice umbilicato; mammillis pyramid-
atis quadrangularibus; axillis primo nudis,
tandem lana abundant; aculeis criniformibus,
albis munitis; areolis rotundis lana albainstruc-
tis; aculeis exterioribus 6, centrali 1, omnibus
rigibis subequalibus fuscis, tandem carneis api-
ce sphacelatis. Fructus pyriformis; flores ad-
huc ignoti.’’ Mexico.

Jacobi AGZ 1851, 11.

Fee maschalacantha.

Av Cacti.—Orcutt. 48

M. MASCHALACANTHA Cels,

M. mutabilis levior Salm, HD ed 2, 129.

Cactus mutabilis OK

M. ieucotricha (leucocarpa) Scheidw.

Variety LEUCOTRICHA Monv.
M. mutabilis et funkii Sehdw.
M. Senkei roerst.

Variety NANTHUTRICHA Mony.

M. xanthotricha Schdp. Cactus xanthotri-
chusOK. M mutabilis xanthotrichaS.

M PALLESCHNS Scheidw AGZ 1841, 42.

“TLactescens, cylindrica aut ovata; vertice um-
bilicato subacu eis abscondito; axillis maxime
lanatis, lana aculeis adherente et mammillis
involvente; areolis tomentosis, tandem nudis;
mammillis polyaedris, laete viridibus, mox
pallescentibus; aculeis 4 cruciatim dispositis,
angulatis, recurvis, supremo maximo subtorto,
omnibus rigidis, carneis.”’ 5500 ft alt Tehuacan.
MAMMILLUARIA METACANTHA KE.
MAMMILLARIA SEMPERVIVI P DC.

Near Zimipan, Mexico.
MAMMILLARIA TROHARTII Hilldm.
MAMMILLARIA UNCINATA Zucc.

Sehumann in iudes. the following in this
group, but as known to us all are not milky.
M. CELSIANA Lem.

M. PRAELII Muehlenpf.

M. PYRRHOCEPHALA Scheidw.

M. ZEYERIANA F Haage jr-

M. CENTRICIRRHA Lemaire,

M. CROCIDIATA Lemaire

M. KARWINSKIANA Mart.

MAMMILLARIA BICOLOR Lehm.
Near Zimipan, Mexico.

Variety NIVEA KS.

MAMMILUARIA CARNEA Zucc.

Near Zim:.pan, Mexico.
MAMMILLARIA ELEGANS DC.
MAMMILLARIA LAVOVIRENS 5.
MAMMILLARIA HAAGHANA Pf.
MAMMILLARIA MELALEUCA Karw.
Ae aay a MELANOCHNTRA

Os.
MAMMILLARIA MUTABILIS Scheidw.
MAMMILLARIA NIVOSA Link.
MAMMILLARTIA OBSCURA Hilldm.
MAMMILLARIA) PARKINSONII Eh.
MAMMILLARIA PERBEILLA Hilldm.
MAMMILLARIA PHYMATOTHELE

Berg.
MAMMILLARIA POLYHDRA Mart.
MAMMILLARIA SEITZIANA Mart.

Near Zimipan, Mexico.
MAMMILUARIA SIMPLEX Haw.

Subgenus HUMAMILUARIA. Plants
globose or elongated, with watery juice,
and cylmédrical or conical grooveless tu-
bercles. Hlowers borne usually in a ring
near the top of the plant, cup-shaped or

expanded, as broad or broader than long.
Sepals appressed. Stamens and _ styles
shorter than the corolla.
MAMMILLARIA ACICULARIS: Lem.
MAMMILLARIA ACTINOPLEA Eh.
MAMMILLARIA ‘ALPINA Mart.
MAMMILLARIA AMABIULIS Eh.
MAMMILLARIA! AMBIGUA G. Don.
MAMMILLARIA AMOHNA Hopff.
MAMMILLARIA. ANCISTRATA Schelh.
MAMMILLARIA ‘ANCISTRIA Walp.
MAMMILLARIA ANDREAE Pf.
MAMMILLARIA ARGHNTHA Fenn.
MAMMILLARIA ARICTINA Lem.
MAMMILLARIA ARMILLATA K Br.
“Stems somewhat attenuate, reaching
3 dm in hieght, 4-5 ecm, in diameter, usu-
ally in clusters of 3-12, from the base, of-
ten branching above; tubercles some-
what leathery in texture; conical, Some-
what axrgled; axils setose and sparsely
woolly; radial spines 9-15, 7-12 mm long,
the inner half whitish or grayish; cen-
trals 1-4, 10-20 mm loog, the lower one
hooked and longer, all, and the outer
part of the radials dark brown, yellow-
ish or gray; flowers 1-2 em long, scarcely
spreadizg, flesh color; fruit red, clavate,
14-2 em long; seeds coriaceous, dull
lack, about 1 mm long, oblipuely obo-
vate, ecnstricted above the more slender

-basial portion; surface covered with mi-

nute, not closely contiguous pits, the in-
tervening spaces minutely wrinkled; hi-
jum basal, narrow. San Jose del Cabo,
Baja California. The name is in allu-
sion to the dark bands which encircle the
plant, giving it much the appearance of
a raccoon’s tail.’’—Katharine Brandegee,
Zoe, 5:7 (Je 1900).

MAMMILLARIA ATRORUBRA Eh.
A eta A'TROSANGUINEA

nae i
MAMMILUARTIA AULACANTHA P DC.
MAMMILLARIA BADISPINA F.
MAMMILLARIA BARBATA Engelm.
MAMMILLARIA BARLOWII R-K.
MAMMILLARIA BELLATULA FE.
MAMMILLARIA BERGEHENII Eh.
MAMMILLARIA BERGII Mig.
MAMMILLARIA! BIFURCA Dietr.
MAMMILUARIA BINOPS Hee.
MAMMILLARIA BOCASANA Pos. f

This beautiful plant is covered with the fines
tender hair like spines.

Near San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
MAMMILLARIA CANDIDA Scheidw.
MAMMILLARIA CARRETII Rebut.

Is Pringlei.

MAMMILLARIA CONICA Haw.
MAMMILLARIA DECIPIENS Schw.

Loose tubercled small growing species with
delicate & pretty yellow fis.
MAMMILLARIA DIOICA K. Brande.

M. Goodridgii Engelmann (not Scheer?).
small globular species, closely set with brown-
ish or white spines, the central one curved

ee

q
q
4

4

49 Cacti.— Orcutt. 50

into a hook. The delicate yellowish white
flowers are succeeded by the club-shaped,
scarlet berries that possess the flavor of wild-
wood strawberries, and are sometimes called
“hep-pitallas,’’ the “‘llavina’’ of the Mexivans.

MAMMILLARIA ELONGATA P DC,
MAMMiLLARIA FLAVA FE.
MAMMILLARIA FORDII Orcutt.

Ovule, 2inches in diameter, and about3 high,
rarely branching at base; tubercles obtuse, 14
1ich across, short, 12 radial spinescimereous, %
-l4 ich long, the solitary central black and
hooked, 4% inch long; floweran inch long, white
With about 9 petals aid 9 sepals—the tatter with
purplish midvein on the back, 6 stigmata of a
brownish green style greenish, filaments white
and anthers orange yellow; flowers in July; Baja
Culifornia onthe west voast, collected for L. M.
Ford, 1899. Near M. Goodridgii.

MAT MILLARIA! FULIGINOSA S.
MAMMILLARIA GLOCHIDIATA Mart.
MAMMILLARIA GOODRIDGII Scheer.

MAMM:LLARTIA GRACILIS Pf.
MAMMIULLARIA GRAHAMII BE.

1 to 3 inches high, subgiobose, simple or
branching trom the base; tubercles ovate,
axils naked; radic. spines in one series, 20 to
30 in number, 3 to 6 lines long, rigid and
whitish, surrounding a stouter and longer
hooked brown cne. Flowers small, nearly 1
inch wide, reddish; berry oval, green, with
smail pitied seeds. The well-known ‘Arizona
Stmawberry’’ or small Fishhook Cactus of N.
M., Arizona and Utah, rare in California.
MAMMILLARIA GRUSONITI Runge.
MAMMILLARIA HUMBOLDTII kh.
MAMMTII LARITA INCURVA €£cheidw.

a ee ye E

MAMMILUARIA LASIACANTHA HK.
Variety DHINUDATA Engelmann.
Mammillaria leona Pos, is Pottsii.
MAMMILLARIA LHSAUNIHRI Rebut.
MAMMILLARIA MAHLENII S.

MAMMILLARIA MAINAFE Br.

“fem spheri aly) to ovate, simple, or
sparingly brancned from the base, reach-
ing a height ot 10em; tubercles giaucous,
somewhat incurved, cylindric, becoming
conical, 1-14% cm long, often bright red in
the naked axils; radial spines, 10-15, yel-
lowish, becuming white, slender, scarcely
pungent, 6-10 mm long, the upper rather
the shorter; centrals 1-2, both hooked,
yarely an additonal upp2r one; lower
central, usually the only one, nearly
twice as long as the radials, stout and
sir ngly hoo ed, p nect, orown below,
bleck sh above, som w.at twiste ; the
second ceitral when present, wdely di-
vavicate, ascending, weaker andi shorter:
flowers in crown at upper part of stem,
Pinkish-wh.te or flesh-color, i-1% em in
Yength, including tre ovary; style whit-
ish, deeply, few-lobed fruit red, globular,
to obovate, shorter tan the tubercles;
seeds dull-black, punctate, a little more
than 1 mm long, obovate, with narrowly-
Vin ar }asal hilum. Named for the col-
Meter, Mre WW, M Main. who found it in
Sonora, south of Nogales. It has been

offered by dealers as M. Galestlil Ssheid,
to which it is not at all related,”—Kath-
arins Brandeg.e, Zoe, biel (age 1900).
MAMMILLARIA MICROMERIS
mushroom cactus, found in Texas, re-
sembles a silk-covered button, and can
be handled without gloves. The deli-
cate, starry net work of snowy-white
spines over the green plant gives it a
very beautiful appearance.
Variety GREGGII Engelmann.
MAMMILLARIA MINIMA Reichb.
Mexican species, cylindrical, forming numer-
ous heads around the base, which readily taka
root when detached. About 20 slender white
spires radiate from the center of each hemi-
spherical tubercle, enveloping the plant like
a bit of delicate lace; no central spine.
M‘MM:LUARIA NICHOLSONIIT Mac
Dow.
Mammi'taria rnvogalensis Runge cat, is
recurvata #).

MAMMILLARIA OLIVIAE Orcutt.
Globose to ovate, 2% inches in diameter,
3 inches high. simple or rarely branched
o~ cespitose; tubercles ovate, 14 inch long,
axils naked; radials 25-36, snowy white,
slender, rig d, 4%, inch long, upper ones
sherter; centrals 1-3, the lower one: only
an eighth of an ineh long, erect, rigid,
white or tipped with chocolate brown; the
two upper centrals slender, white or rarely
tipped w:th brown, 3 times as long, close-
ly resembling the radials; lower central
rarely longer, but ocecasicnally even %
ineh Jong, slewder or flexuous, brownish
and hooked upward—more frequently seen
cn the lower outer tubercles of young
plants; fruit scarlet, clavate, with small
seeds. Type, Orcutt, No. 2602:—Of snowy
whiteness from its numerous interlacing
spines; dedicated to the author’s life part-
ner, who has accompanied him in thought

on the mountains and deserts of Arizona,

where this beautiful plant oecurs.

Mammi.laria petersonii Hldm, is Heese-
ana.

Mammil aria pfeifferi Booth, is rhodan-
tha.

MAMMILLARIA PHHLLOSPHRMA HE.

MAMMILLUARIA PLUMOSA Web.

MAMMILLARIA PRINGLEI K Br.
Katharine Brand gee, Zoe, 5:7, publish-
es this rame (kased on Cactus Pringlei
Coult r), and siates that it seems to
searecely differ from M. Carretii.
MAMMILLARIA PUSILLA Sweet.

MAMMILLARIA RHODANTHA L-O.
Oblong or subcylindric, 30 em high, 7.5-
10 in diameter, often bifurcate; tubercles
conical, 12 mm long, 8 in diameter: with
wooly axils: radial spines 16-20, bristle-
like, white, the lower 8-10 mm long; cen-
tral spines 6 or 7, rigid, whitish with black
liv, 12 mm long; flowers rose-color, 12 mm
bread; fruit 2.5 cm long, cylindrical. Mex-
ico.
VAMWMVILLARIA SPHACELATA Mart.
MAMMILLUARTA SPINAURBFA S.
MAMMILLARIA SPINOSISSIMA Lem.

MAMMILLARIA STELLA-AURATA Mt.

51 | Cacti.— Orcutt. 52

MAMMILLARIA THORNBERI Orcutt.

Cylindrical, 44 inch in diameter, usually
2-3 inches. high, erect, with 8 or 9 spiral
rows of tubereles, axils naked; 13-18 slen-
der white or brown tipped radials 1% ineh
long; usually 1 slender flexuous hooked
central one-fourth to three-fourths of an
inch long, tipped with brown; fruit cla-
vate, scarlet, containing minute black
seeds. Tips of tubercles olive green, base
and axils and sunken portion of plant
tinged with purple; radials usually 18, the
upper sometimes the longest, often brown
nearly to the base; central occasionally
brown, usually the lower half white or
yellowish, often hooked upward, but: often
twisted and turning in every direction.
Plant proliferous at base, forming numer-
ous offsets in the axils of the buried or
lower tubercles; these quickly take root
and usually soon sever connection with
the parent, thus forming dense compact
masses of old and young plants, usually
10-50—but in one, perhaps not exceptional
ease, I counted 110 distinet plants, in a
ecluster—all apparently originating from
the tallest inaividual in the group. Occa-
sionally a plant, from injuries sustained,
pecomes bifurcate or forms a number of
aerial heads which remain permanently
attached—but which usually form roots
of their own and eventually survive the
death of the parent. More than 1 centrat
spine appears very rare, but 2 or three
sometimes appear from the same small
woolly areola, one or all hooked, of equal
or varying length. The largest plant
among over 1,000 was 14% inch in diameter
and nearly a foot high! Type, Orcutt, No.
2583:—Arizona. Curiously the same plant
was found a few days earlier than by the
author by Prof. J. J. Thornber, and
planted in the cactus garden of the Uni-
versity of Arizona, and this interesting
addition to the cactus flora of the United
States may therefore appropriately bear
his name.
MAMMILLARIA TOALDOAEH Lehm.
MAMMILLARIA UMBRINA Eh.
MAMMILLARTIA VALIDA Web.
MAMMILLARIA VHNUST'A K Br.

“Simple, becoming caespitose in. clus-
ters of, in extreme cases, aS many as 40;
heads 2-4, very rarely, in center of large
clusters, 6 cm high, a little less in diam-
eter; tubercles thick and short, concave
at the end, greenish, purplish to nearly
white, glaucous; axils only slightly wool-
ly, secon marked; radial spines, 9-15,
stout, 6-12 mm long; centrals typically
solitary, 10-15 mm, sometimes 2 or 3, in
a sing!e specimen 4, porrect-spreadig,
the 3 upper very short; flowers about 4
em in diameter, rose-color, widely
spreading, tube very short; petals lance-
oleate acute, recurved-spreading; style-
branches 5, apparentiy rosy brown;
fruit 144-12 ecm long, searlet, linear, cir-
cumse:ssiie some distance above the base,
nearly dry; seeds oblong-obovate, rather
less than cne mm long, constricted above
the basal portion, which is half as long
and nearly as wide as the upper; surface
dull, minutely pitted, the pits much ob-
secured by delicate intervening striae; hi-
lum basal, large and triangular.

“Collected by Mr. T. S, Brandegee in
the vicinity of San Jose del Cabo, Baja
California, in Sept. 1890. (No. 240, M.
Goodrichii, of ‘Flora of the Cape Re-
gion’); again Sept. 1893, and for the third
time last year in numerous living speci-
mens. The spines are from pure white,
barely tipped with brown, to dark brown,
whitish only near the base. The flowers,
which appear in September, hide the
whole plant, and it is of such low growth
as to look like a beautiful cluster of
flowers springing from the sand. The
fruit appearing in winter is nearly dry
and fails very readily’ when ripe, leaving
most of the seeds in the axillary cup. It
is the only circumeissile Mammillaria
known to me.’’—Katherine Brandegee,
Zoe, 5:8 (Je 1900).

MAMMILLARIA VHITULIA! Mart.

MAMMILLARIA WILCOXI Tourmey.
Usually simple, depressed-globose; 14-16
slender subulate whitish radials 10 mm
long; sclitary hooked central brownish;
axily naked. FEruit G6 O 1896) flesh color
faintly tinged with carmine, the black
seeds showing through the transparent
epidermis. Near Congress and Benson,
Arizona (Orcutt). :
MAMMILLARIA WILDII Dietr.
MAMMILLARIA WRIGHTII BH.
MAMMILLARIA ZHPHYRANTHOIDES
Scheidw.
Mamillopsis senilis Web, is Mammillaria
senilis Lodd. ‘

Genus MELOCACTUS De Candolle.

Globose fleshy plants 1-3 feet in diame-
ter, regularly ribbed, ribs bearing -clus-
ters of spines, surmounted with a woolly
cylindrical cap closely cet with softer
spines, vpon which the small tubular red
or rose-colored flowers are borne. Of lit-
tle value heorticulturally and rarely cul-
tivated with success. Generally found in
rocky or candy dry situations in tropical
America and West Indies.
MHLOCACTUS VIRIDESCENS Nutt.

Nutta'l ex Teschem in J Bost Soc Nat
Hist 5:293 (1845).—A synonym of HMchino-
cactus viridescens.

The Meiccacti are natives of the West
Indies, and tropical America.

Genus MYRTILLOCACTUS Console.
MYRTILLOCACTUS GEOMETRIZANS C

Cereus geometrizans Mart.

Cereus cochal Orcutt.

Genus PELECYPHORA Ehreub.
PELECYPHORA ASHILLIFORMIS Bhrenb.

The Hatchet cactus is a little gem
from Mexico, so-called from the shape
of the tubercles. It bloomed in San
Diego on May day, scarce % inch in
length and breadth, with thirteen
bright magenta colored petals and
seven or eight pale lavendar_ sepals,
the four stigmata white, style and fila-
ments tinged with purple, and anthers
bright orange. The largest plant

4
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