itt a SS Ta, ~ iS S — ¥ rib TEA OR a arene 38 ASAE Nee sy ote bia. reneeee Toc ee et : 3 SAR ahtivom gene eR Sora A San Rwite a EAS rates oe Shwe ge pee : Sore Sain Rene RES : te Sores ‘ See lets ig « a) Ota su : ; ) S 4 = a eae eo ENS x % bs 7 “ : : SSR . wd yy es = oaks SS S : Sunaebanen: . e S = ae fate a Ag Ae TRS OU : BE 3 SNS ~ RRL See seas) Se ebke Gages AOS SS Ss neg eee Batnaba Re? NS “ toe " te NERS tet trang WAS. s he, . ins = evel eS me 5 A eta TS weaken ; Sa Prices CEs or vensues S ot s a ae a S eo aD ws % oS dna SES Bile tie aa 75 caused addicted to grassy fields, ‘‘never in the woods,’ and the first to yield to cult. Com single in a wild state, in cult forming large clusters. Raised in large quantities in Europe, Japan, China and the United States. Baja! Var: alba is the com form in America, and as observed in the streets of San Diego and in Southern California in general! Endothia Parryi. Orcutt 4902: on leaves of Agave Shawii, initial boundary monument south of San - Diego! Anthurus borealis. Lysurus borealis Burt. Orcutt 4880: Balboa Park, San Diego. Receptacle borne on stalk, hollow, at- tenuate at base, divided above into arms which do not join at apices, which bear spore-mass in their inner surfaces and sides, inclosing spore-mass when young, ’ jater diverging. Phalloid-st w, hollow, attenuated down- ward; arms nar, lance-shape, with pale flesh-colored backs, traversed entire length by a shallow furrow. Plants found at Akron, Ohio, are figured. in Hard’s ‘Mushrooms, Edible and Otherwise.’’ The ege-like volva and strong fetid odor are characteristics of this plant. SD Advertising Rates: 10 cents a line each time. + 0} _--—___. OIL PAINTINGS. “A MEXICAN GENTLEMAN.” Canvas 26 44x33 inches, un- signed, ‘‘over 100 years old,” the portrait of a typical man of affairs of Mexican Colonia: life. Price $100. “THE CRUCIFIXION.” Can- vas 28 x39 inches, unsigned, “over 100 years old,’’ depicting the Savior as surroundedon the cross. by four sorrowing com- panions, fairly typical of Mexi- can art in Colonial days. Price $150. “THE DOVE DESCENDING.” Canvas 33x45 inches, portray- ing four figures in sacred his- tory, in rich coloring that is characteristic of the famous Mexican artist, Cabrera, of a past century, whose work it is believed to be, according to a well-known eritic in Mexico City. Price $500. “MAE CRUCIFIXION.’ Can- vas 26x34% inches, unsigned, “over 100 years old,”’ depicting the Christ alone on the cross. yay Ue A 2. A 4. 76 Price $75. For sale by f ORCUTT’S REAL ESTATE AGENCY C. R. Orcutt, Manager. SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA. eee REAL ESTATE. The following real estate is owned, and offered for sale at the affixed prices, by the undersigned. Prices subject to change without notice. Terms can be given. As we wish to sell, reasonable offers will be entertained for any piece that remains unsold: CALIFORNIA: Ramona. O 642. West two-thirds of lot 16, Valie de los Amigos, about 11% acres, 5. room house, well, spring, live oak trees, fine view, 1 mile east of Ramona on Julian stage road, San Dievo County. $1400. CALIFORNIA:. San Francisco. 0 676. Lot 39, blk 5, Belle Air Park, San Mateo County, 25x100 ft. $600. C659. MANCHESTER, Montana, lot 10, block 28, 50x125 feet, near Co-operative woolen Mill. $1000. GUTHRIA, Oklahoma: Ball & Ferguson’s subdivision of N 1, of N W % of section 20, T 16 N R 2 W of the Indian . Meridian, lot or block 9, con- taining 2 acres. $1000. HAST KUAMATH FALLS, Oregon, Block 6, First Addi- tion. $600. SPEARFISH, S. D.: Lot 23, block 3, Golden Belt addition, 25x100 feet, near business center of this prosperous town. $500. PORT ANGELES, Washing- ton: Lots 1 to 24, block 11, Union Pacific second addition. $3000. JAMUL, San Diego County, Californi: N E 4% of N W 4, section 2,T17,SR2H#, S BM, 40.45 acres. ‘“Run- ning water, perennial springs and oak _trees.”’ NEW RIVERSIDE, adjoin- ing the city of San Diego, lot 5, containing 10 acres, and lot 6, containing 10 acres, each $2000. OROCUTT’S REAL ESTATE AGENCY San Diego, California. C 681. > 641. C 671. C 939. C 474. C504. i < vy Z The: West?American‘Scientist No. 2605 Broadway, San Diego, California VOLUME XVIII. WHOLE NO. 138. JANUARY, 1914 SSD Established 1884. THE WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST. Monthly, $1.00 per year. Exchanges invited. Single copy, 10 cents. Charles Russell Orcutt, Editor and Publisher. 9) FLORA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. (Continued from last issue.) tessellated, with a terete curved appen- dage (radicle?) scarcely lg’er than diam of globular portion; albumen apparently O, Ubi, SEnrique, SMaria. This very remarkable sp grows on Veatchia. dis- color, & in the interior, where the tree is taller, frequently covers the whole top with a mass of y.. As the parasite was oft 6-8 ft from the ground, with no intermediate growth, it did not seem that it had germinated in the usual way on the earth. Perhaps the very unusual formation of the sd may be intended to furnish support to the infant plant in beginning its growth in a crotch of the tree or a fold of the cracking bark. The specimens were just coming into fl, & the description of sd is drawn from such as could be obtained from a dried & persisting tangle of the previous year’s growth.’’—Br 2:189. STEMODIA POLYSTACHYA Br 2:191. “Suffrutescent, minutely & sparsely glandular-pubescent, dividing near base into num slender, angled sts about 1 ft hi, &- branching above: lvs opp, trian- gular-ovate in outline, pinnately parted or incised in the manner of Conobea multifida, & decurrent into petioles of about the same length: fis 1-2 in axils, on slender pedicels of about their own length; cx-lobes acuminate, nearly equal, bracts 0; cor p, with y’ish throat 8-10 mm lg; upper lip emarginate, lobes of the lower denticulate; tube hairy below insertion of sta: anth-cells disjointed & pedicellate; rudiment of the posterior sta somewhat capitate: ova ovate-acumin- ‘ate, a little exceeding cx-lobes, septi- ecidal: valves entire; placental column 2- cleft: sds _ spiral _ striate. SGregorio, Comondu. This plant & Conobea inter- media, in which the rudiment of the 5th sta is also present, tho very minute, appear to break down all distinctions be- tween the two genera.’’—Br. 2:191, HERPESTIA EXILIS Br 2-191. _“Mercadonia, Ann, giab, erect, 3-6 in hi, seldom branching: lvs penninerved, ovate or oblg-lanceolate, 10-15 mm leg, serrate above the middle & tapering at base into a margined petiole of less than its own length: fis axy on slender ‘pedicels 2-4 times as lg as lvs: ex 5 mm lg, the posterior oblg-lanceolate sep of same form & but little lg’er than the 2 anterior: cor y, twice as lg as ex, upper lip entire, pubescent in throat with glandular hairs: anth-cells divergent, the rudiment of posterior one oft pres- ent as a minute capitate appendage to tube: sty dilated, barely 2-lobed at apex: cap-valves sh’ly 2-cleft; sds oblg with a minutely reticulated coat. S Jorge.’’—Br 2:191. BELOPERONE HIiANS Br 2:194. “Suffrutescent, woody at base, with num slender branches, pubescent or gla- brate: Ivs ovate, oval or oblg, acute or obtuse, sh’ly petiolate: fis solitary & ses- sile in axils: bracts & braceoles linear, acute, sh’er than cx, which is deeply 5-parted, 7 mm lg, the linear lobes acute: cor r, 23-35 mm lg; tube funnel- form not appendaged, much sh’er than the deeply bilabiate limb; upper lip bare- ly emarginate, the lower cleft for more than a third its length into oblg, widely spreading lobes: fil adnate to the whole length of tube; upper cell of anth a third the larger, both very minutely calcarate & widely spreading at base: sty fili- form; stig not enlarged; ova 4-ovuled: cap clavate-oblg, about 15 mm lg, the sterile base no lg’er than upper part & exceeded by cx-lobes: sds _ flattened, glab, coarsely rugose; cotyledons reni- form with the sh radicle incurved to- wards sinus. Comondu. This sp might as well & perhaps better be put into Justicia, but it so strongly resembles Beloperone Californica as to be taken for a slight variation of it in the first hasty examination of this collection. From the character of its sds it may even be that a fr’g fragment of it fur- nished Dr. Gray with the description which was alluded to under B: Califor- J 79 nica. The order is much in need of 4 careful revision.’’—Br 2:194. LIPPIA BARBATA Br 2:196. “Zapania. Shrubby: lvs pinnate-veined, erenate, round-ovate, obtuse or a little decurrent upon the sh petiole, 15-25 mm lg & broad, rugose-veined, soft pubes- cent beneath, rough-strigose above: ped solitary in axils, stout, sh, much exceed- ed by oblg hds: bracts silky pubescent, broadly ovate, all distinct, a: little sh’er than the w(?) cor: cx not half as lg as bracts, formed of 2, lateral, acute seg covered with lg w hairs, clos- ing over the cohering nutlets & decid with them: cor 7-8 mm lg, bilabiate, up- per lip erect, entire; lower spreading, 3- lobed; sta sessile, nearly equally at- tached hi in the throat: sty sh: stig somewhat 2-lobed. Described from frag- ments brought for culinary purposes by a Mexican of Comondu from ‘La Gigan- ta,’ a neighboring mountain.’’—Br 2:196. LIPPIA FASTIGIATA Br 2:196. “Shrubby about a ft hi, with num slen- der, fascicled, w-tomentose branches: lvs densely tomentose, sessile, cuneate- lan- ceolate, & broadly crenate above middle, com opp, but sometimes ternate, 10-20 mm lg, 4-6 wide: ped solitary, stout, 2-4 times as lg as lvs; hds hemispherical to oblg, few-fld; bracts ovate, distinct, cx much exceeding bracts; densely covered with sh w wool, lobes 2, united nearly to top & truncate: cor w(?), 5 mm lg, a third lg’er than cx; tube cylindrical; limb bilabiate, upper lip 2-lobed, lower 3-cleft, lobes all crenate: sta unequally inserted on fil Ig’er than anth; cells somewhat separated & oblique on a di- lated connective: pistil very sh the sty only 0.5 mm lg, disk-like stig attached to the front of upper half, ovules 1 in each cell. Given to me at SBenito by a Mexican who. collected it from some point nearer the Pacific & used it as a tea under the name Damiana.’’—Br 2:196. SALVIA CALIFORNICA Br 2:197. ‘“‘Heterosphace. Shrubby, 2-3 ft hi, densely w-tomentose, with branching wool: Ivs sessile, oblg, 15-25 mm lg, irr coarsely dentate or lobed, lobes some- what acutely pungent: fr’g spike elon- gated, interrupted; verticils remote, 4-8 _fld; bracts ovate-acuminate: cx campan- ulate, 6 mm lg, scarcely bilabiate, sh’ly, acutely & nearly equally 5-toothed, the posterior a little lg’er: cor light blue, 12 mm lg; tube slender, cylindrical; poster- ior lip 2-cleft, anterior as Ig as tube, lateral lobes much sh’er than the trian- gular-ovate, fimbriate, middle one: con- nectives free, lg-exserted; the lower fork i-third as lg as upper, & termin- ated by a sm antheriferous cell: sty fili- _ form, exceeding sta, sh’ly & unequally 2-lobed. Calmalli, Cardon Grande.’’—Br ne PASI) Te BOERHAAVIA ELONGATA Br 2:199. Per (?). Sts slender, 6 ft lg or more, much branched, prostrate on the ground or supported by bushes, nearly glab, ex- cept some spreading hairs on the younger ' branches, somewhat glau: Ivs. thin, - cor- date-ovate, acuminate, minutely pubes- “navicular, — flattened, 1) es cent above, glab below, 20-50 mm on pe- tioles %4th as lg: infl pubescent, axy and terminal, of imperfect simple or forked umbels, 3-6 fid, on ped com much ex- ceeding lvs: pedicels very unequal, 3-20 mm lg: perianth w, spreading, 15 mm wide: fr clavate-oblg, 5-6 mm lg,. 2%: wide, nearly bk, with broad mucilagin- ous glands in 3 or 4 horizontal rows, or sometimes’ crowded towards - the ‘top. SPablo, Jesus. Maria,.’’—Br. 2:199, ATRIPLEX: MAGDALENAE, Br. [9: 200. “Per dioe:(2) herbaceous, w-furfur- aceous, prostrate with branches 1-2 ft Ig: lvs thin, all alt, obovate, apiculate, entire, 1- nerved, ‘10-20 mm lg, tapering into a sh petiole: stam fils not seen: pist fils sessile in clusters, in upper lf’y axils: frg bracts ‘rhomboid, somewhat com- pressed, nearly 4 mm lg, tips herbaceous, spreading, edges below lateral angles not margined or toothed, sides not appendicu- late: sty nearly equalling bracts: sd flat- tened, about 1 mm lg; radicle nearly su- perior. Magdalena Island.’’—Br. 2:200. ATRIPLEX LURIDA Br 2:200. “Mon. woody at base, 1-2 ft. hi, with num very slender, r’ish branches: lvs sparingly w scurfy, com opp or sub-opp, oval to lanceolate, acute, sharply denticu- late or the upper entire, 15-20 mm, taper- ‘ing into a petiole 1 to 2-3ds as lg: stam fls in globose clusters on sh, axy spikes either on different branches or above and sometimes mixed with the pist; cx deeply 5-parted, 2 mm broad: pist fl clusters somewhat scattered in naked panicles, frg bracts sh’ly pedicellate, triangular, round- ed above, 2-3 mm lg, very unequal in width, com much exceeding the length, upper half margined by a double row of herbaceous teeth; sides 3-nerved, some- what muricate: sty a little exserted: sd brown, 3-4th mm lg; radicle nearly su- perior. SGregorio.’’—Br 2:200. ATRIPLEX CURVIDENS Br. 2:201. “Shrubby, 4-6 ft hi, forming rounded clumps; branches’ slender, divaricately spreading: lvs linear-spatulate, cuneate, nearly sessile, 15-22 mm lg, 3-5 wide: pist fls panicled; bracts thin, compressed, nearly sessile, triangular, cuneate below, truncate above, about 3 mm lg and oft nearly twice as broad; upper margin cleft into num linear, somewhat curved. seg; sides somewhat appendaged with 1 or more similar processes: sds light-brown, somewhat triangular, nearly 1 mm lg, exceeding width; radicle superior. Comondu. ‘Described from fr of previous year.’’—Br. 2:201. ERIOGONUM IRRETITUM Br. 2:202. “Per, glau and nearly glab, 1-2 ft hi, woody at base and rough, with remains of the clasping petioles; branches num, slen- der, drooping, oft fascicled in axils, divar- ieate and entangled: lIvs all near base, ovate, acute, 15-20 mm lg, tapering into petioles broadly dilated and clasping at base and 2-3 times their length; both lvs and petioles sparingly hirsute and eili- ate, the latter somewhat scabrous: bracts linear-acuminate, sparingly ciliate: inv glab, 11% mm lg, solftary, on slender ped 81 3-10 mm lg, in axils or along branchlets, clavate. cleft half-way into 38-5 acumin- ate, somewhat pungent lobes, 3-5-fid; bractlets in a single Sr, ovate, hyaline, ciliate, much sher than IV yh Saai alse lie as inv, developed Successively, exserted; perianth-seg. obtuse, pubescent externally, the outer thick, the inner dilated and pet- aloid on margins: sta exserted; anth oolg:. Ova (immature) gla. Agua Dulce. This is another of the intermediate sp which lessens the distance between HEriogonum & Oxytheca.’’—Br 2:202. CHORIZANTHE FLAVA Br 2:209. “Branching from near base, 2-18 in. lg, floccose-tomentose or glabrate; the sh plants erect, the longer prostrate; sts y ish-r: lvs all radicle, tomentose on both sides, oblg-lanceolate, tapering into a lg’er petiole: bracts linear-acuminate & pungent: inv scattered, spreading; tube nearly cylindrical, tomentose, 4-5 mm lg, at length much surpassed by 3 broad, somewhat recurved, subequal, straight- awnhed lobes, tomentose avove, near the base; the intermediate ones nearly ob- solete: perianth y, glab, sh’ly stipitate, exserted .1-third its length; sez ovate- acuminate, entire or crenate on margins, ‘less than 1-third as lg as tube: sta OF attached near base of tube; fil glab, ex- serted; anth oblg: ova nearly as lg as tube; embryo straight, linear; radicle 1-third as lg as cotyledons. Calmalli.’’— Br 2202s CHORIZANTHE MUTABILIS Br 2:203. “Branching at base, erect or procum- beng, H3-12ein les sts stramineous, or pale: lvs all near base, lanceolate, ta- pering into petiole: bracts linear-acerose, soft: inv solitary or in sh spikes in axils; tube slightly pubescent, ribbed, divided above into 3, broad, spreading, somewhat corrugated, sh’ly awn-tipped lobes, at length flattened & much exceeding tube, & 3 intermediate, very much sm’er & sh’er, sometimes almost obsolete ones: perianth sh’ly pedicellate, 6-7 mm lg; tube & throat y; seg half as lg as: tube, w or rose-color, lg-hairy on back, obleg. obtuse, crenate or entire, undulate: Sta 9, attached near base, about as Ig as tube; fil giab; anth oblg: ak as ig as tube; em- -bryo linear, cotyledons nearly twice as ‘lg as radicle. SEnrique.’’—Br 2:203. (To be continued.) ——_—_ 9Q——___—__. LOWER CALIFORNIA. “If thou seekest a beautiful peninsula, behold it here.’’ In 1867 Thomas Sprague wrote that “the peninsula of Lower California can be made the garden-spot of the world.” The climate was spoken of as “undoubt-. edly one of the healthiest in the world, and for persons of consumptive habit, without a parallel.’’ ‘ Lower California begins at the nort three miles south of San Diego bay, in Alta or New California, ending at the south in Cape San Lucas. The Pacific ocean on the west, and the Gulf of Cali- fornia on the east, form its remaining r’ish. 82 limitations, It possesses about seven hundred miles of ocean shores, and six hundred miles of gulf coast, its north- eastern boundary commencing at a point on the Rio Colorado a few miles south © of Fort Yuma. That portion of the peninsula nearest to San Diego bay, extending south for a full 150 miles, and inland to the confines of the Colorado Desert, is one of the choicest sections for health, climate and fertility, in no wise inferior to the most favored portion of the state of Califor- nia, the climate, like that at San Diego, being one of the most uniform and de- lightful yet known. GULF OF CALIFORNIA. This great arm of the Pacifie, which penetrates the American continent deep- er than any other, runs from near the twenty-third degree north latitude to the thirty-first degree thirty minutes, a length of near six hundred feographical miles, to where it receives the waters of the Rio Colorado of the West. It ac- quired its name of the Golfo de Cortez (Gulf of Cortes), or Mar de Cortez (Sea of Cortes), from the great captain, who visited it in 1537. After the explora- tions of Ulloa and Alarcon, from 1537 to 1540, it received the name of the Red Sea (Mar Vermiglion, Mar Rojo, and Mar Vermijo), from the reddish color of the waters, and the accounts given of its shores by Nuno de Guzman and his offi- cers, the first conquerors of Sinaloa. After the discovery of Kino, in 1700, it became known as Mar Laurentano, from the Virgin of Loretto, patroness of the Californian missions, Seno California, Mar California, and in the Jesuit maps from 1730 to 1772 it is set down as Golfo de California (Gulf of California), by which name it is best known today. It forms the western boundaries of the States of Sonora and Sinaloa. In its northern parts it is full of sand bars, shoals, hidden _—i rocks, shallow soundings, and dangerous currents, while its southern portions contain the finest harbors, bays, and anchorages, with the safest navigation for the major part of the year. In width it ranges from 20 miles at its head to 250 miles’ between Cape San Lucas and ‘the port of Mazat- lan. ISLANDS OFF THE PACIFIC COAST. The islands off the west coast of Baja California are about fifteen in number, briefly described as follows, chiefly from published notes by Captain C. M. Scam- n. q_OS CORONADOS: merely two rocky situated in 32 islets, of trap formation, degrees, 24 minutes to 32 degrees, 26 minutes, north latitude, six miles from the coast line; several smaller rocks are seattered between the two largest; an- chorage can be found on the southeast side of the most southern one, the larg- est,.a mile in extent. A fine quarry of 83 reddish brown sandstone is said to exist on one of these islands. The vegetation has been briefly noted by Edward Lee Greene, in the West American Scientist. ST. MARTIN: situated in 30 degrees, 20 minutes north latitude, and 116 de- grees, 121 minutes west longitude; is of moderate height, 12 miles long by 2 wide, with anchorage on its south and south- east Sides in 12 to 18 fathoms. A little lagoon is found on its southern side, which is quite low, where seal used to resort in large numbers. It is quite barren, producing only cacti, shrubs and herbage that grow in a _ seanty soil, among broken rocks in a dry climate. ST. GERONIMO: called by sea-otter . hunters Round Island; of moderate ele- vation, long, about 2 miles wide, ex- tremely barren, about 3 miles from the mainland. Affords a good shelter, on its northeast side, from northwesterly winds. A reef lies between the island and the shore, where the sea breaks heavily in rough weather. GUADALUPE ISLAND is a high ele- vation of land running nearly north and south, in extent about 15 miles. There is no safe anchorage around it, the shores being bold, and its banks gener- ally high and precipitous. The northern extremity is not less than 3,400 feet above the sea, with a growth of pines and cypress, while its deep canyons con- tain a palm tree peculiar to the island. Vegetation is by no means abundant, but the flora of the island is fairly well known through the collections made by Dr. Edward Palmer, and by Professor E. L. Greene. Fresh water is found here, and goats introduced to the island have increased immensely. Fur seal and the sea elephant once made its shores a favorite resort. Two barren rocky islets lie off its south end. ELIDE: a naked rock, one mile in cir- cumference, once covered with guano; from 1857 about 28,000 tons were taken off, when the supply became exhausted. The nearest water is 7 miles east, on the mainland. CHESTER’S ISLAND is an islet lying close to the north side of Point St. Eugenio, named for an American sea captain, who denuded it of guano in early days. SAN BONITO ISLANDS are three in number, two moderately high, the mid- dle one quite low, 15 miles west of Cedros Island, separated from each other by narrow passages, where boats may pass in safety, but not practical for large vessels. Their united length is not over 10 miles, the largest, the western one, being about 5 miles in extent, the other two about half the size each, all very barren, affording neither wood nor water. Seal and sea-elephants were for- merly feund on them in large numbers. A species of cactus seems to be peculiar to these islets, but the vegetation is sparse. Anchorage may be had on the southeast side of the middle island in from 10 to 20 fathoms, but the bottom is quite rocky and poor holding-ground. % hea: lies between Cedros and the mainland, rising to 700 feet eleva- tion, 5 miles long, by 1 broad, perfectly barren, the breeding-place of large num=-. bers of seal and sea fowl. MARIA ISLAND is an islet off the west end of Natividad Island, and has ‘yielded some guano in the past. ST. ROQUE: in 27 degrees north lati- tude, less than two miles off the coast, a low rock, covered with some _ coarse gravel and iight sand, intermixed with bird-lime, about 5 square miles in ex- tent. Its shores are the breeding-places of seals, and were once a favorite resort of the sea-elephant; large numbers of a small sea-fowl called mutton-birds bur- row in the sandy soil, where they hatch their young. Good shelter can be found for a small vessel between the island and the main. ASUNCION: in 26 degrees, 50 minutes, north latitude, 114 degrees west longi- tude, is similar to St. Roque, a little higher in elevation, and affords a good anchorage on its southeastern side in 12 to 15 fathoms, well sheltered from the prevailing northwest winds. SANTA MARGARITA: a_ cluster of: high rocky peaks and slopes, broken, ex- tremely barren, near Magdalena bay. Veins of coal, copper and gold have been reported as existing in its mountains. Capt. Scammon reports that ‘‘two ships’ © companies once carried on gold-mining | (as they supposed) for a few weeks pretty extensively, and large quantities of ‘the virgin metal were taken on board, out, much to the disgust of all con- cerned, it proved to be nothing but iron pyrites.”’ The extent of the island east and west is 36 miles. 3 MANGROVE: near Santa Margarita island, is low, composed of sand and mud, covered in places with a _ thick growth of mangrove-trees. CEDROS ISLAND: see Cerros Island. CERROS ISLAND: also called Cedros, is a mass of high, abrupt peaks, the highest of 2,500 feet elevation, which may be seen in clear weather a distance of 60 miles. It bounds the west side of San Sebastian Viscaino bay, its south point is 28 degrees, 3 minutes north §lat- itude, 115 degrees, 25 minutes west long- itude. Capt. Scammon says:—‘‘On near ap- proach its sombre and barren appear- ance is anything but inviting. Many of the southern slopes present a dark-red hue, interspersed with high variegated cliffs that give a little change to the otherwise dull scene. On landing, one is sensible of the extremely dry atmos- phere prevailing; there must be, how- ever, occasionally heavy rains producing mountain torrents, which have cut their way through the sand and gravel bot- toms that skirt the southern bases, but they are of rare occurrence, those best acquainted, who have been living there or along the coast for nearly the last five years, have never known it to be (To be continued.) NATIVIDAD: ThesWest?American*Scientist. No. 2605 Broadway, VOLUME XVIII. WHOLE NO. 139 February, 1914 ee EE eee Established 1884. ela THE WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST. Monthly, $1.00 per year:. Exchanges invited. Single copy, 10 cents. Charles Russell Orcutt, Editor and Publisher. LOWER Suet (Continued from last issue.) : visited by other than light showers, and these at long intervals apart. On the northeast side, about 3 miles from the extreme north end, a low, sandy point makes out; to the south of. this ‘there is good anchorage during the _ prevailing coast-winds. In a gulch near by is a small stream of fresh water, and like- wise in several of the valleys leading from the shore to the southward .water may be found within a mile or two of the beach. At one of these places it is of excellent quality. The only practical place, however, for a vessel to obtain a supply, is on the southeast side, where is found a spring running. through rush- es at the foot of a high peak close to the shore. * * * Anchorage may be had off this spring within two cables, of the shore in 20 fathoms water, but a much better place for a large vessel to lie is two miles farther south off a low shingle beach, where. it is not so deep, and the gusts that come down the mountain when the wind is west are not so heavy as at the other anchorage. A vessel can always. find shelter from the northwest winds on the south side of the island, the depth varying from 6 to 20 fathoms, and these winds blow with the regularity of a trade: from:-May to October, and the only precaution to be kept in mind in choosing an anchorage, is to avoid fixed kelp. light and the weather -delightful. Occa- sionally a strong norther, or a southeaster or southwest gale blows the first part of the winter, and strong gales from the northwest again set in about the first of May.” Dr. John A. Veatch has reported find- From October to_!} May, much of the time’ the winds are ;: light. San Diego, California ing in a few days 114 species of marine Shells on this island, and a list of its fauna and flora and mineral resources would alone form a small volume. Ed- ‘ward Lee Greene has published a con- siderable list of its flora, otherwise chief- ly known by the collections of Dr. Veatch, made in 1859, during a _ stay through the months of June July and apeust: is CRESCIENTE: a small island north- ai of Santa Margarita Island, 2 or 3 miles:from the mainland. i“CENISAS: a ‘small island near San Quentin bay, 2 or 3 miles in length. - (n4 SISLANDS OF THE GULF OF CALI- ; - FORNIA. “oni a, few of these are known to us, éven by name, which must be our ex- cuse for the brief notes accompanying the following list. CERALBO: 100 miles north of Cape San Lucas, some i2 miles long, also known as “White Hills’ to the early American explorers. Stated to contain copper mines of great value. ©ESPIRITU SANTO: at the mouth of La’ Paz bay, 6 miles long, containing rich eopper deposits. “= SAN JUAN NEPOCENO: a small is- land in: Pichilingue bay, near La Paz. “SAN FRANCISCO: small. ‘: SAN JOSE: 12 miles long. »> SANTA CATALINA: about 10 miles in circumference: “MONTSERRAT: Santa Catalina. CARMEN: ncted for its most peculiar and most accessible salt-mine, the rich- est in the world and considered inex< haustible. It is about 25 miles long by 6 broad, within a few hours’ sail of the old town of Loretto. -CORONADOS: a ‘few miles in extent, some 6 miles from Carmen Island. SAN IDELFONSO: 30 miles from Car- men ISABEL: five or six miles of - SANTA. at the mouth of ‘Moleje bay, only a few miles in extent. Hagens 30 miles: north of Moleje EL ORTUGAS: within sight of Guaymas, Son. An extinet volcano is ascribed to this island. TRINIDAD: 20 miles in circumference.