= MN MOLL a me ees. 2 ie lurk A mgucar ie Cry, V4 ( whole AD. * 6 ) Aer \C¢¥ mit fnSc ie saison of Seetiong) li Cig MAY 3.0 1989 LIBRARIES VotumE IV. WHOLE No. 36. West + American + Scientist APRIL, 1888. CONTENTS: Fe Night with the Stars... 2 s....... .. camber Josiah Keep.......... 53 he West-American MUSEIN ........ cameleon beens Mh ccnie Rirlele pile siecle ee 55 "he ted Rose Crabi-— M70... ... ... .. Geena eae didina ess © 8 ® be 0.0 58 BNEW Umm 20h i va ccccuccccse es. sememnewas S. Hart Wright... .... - FiNew Kase Gall cd disen hn: <2: es oes T. D. A. Cockerell.. Scientific Miscellany...........+++-+0-seeeees M. Lopatecki......... a Terms Used in Talking to Domestic Animals..H. C. Bolton.......... 62 PRAOTIBT Fe ev Gv ciece bot calh acess. oo. Opa’ tame Rie Nats kd kates «5/6 63 C. R. ORCUTT, - PUBLISHER SAN DIEGO, Sn “ CALIFORNIA. Price, 10 Cents. orstonts ACID PHOSPHATE, (LoIQTWID.) A preparation of the phosphates that is readily assimilated: by the system. ESPECIALLY RECOMMENDED FOR Dyspepsia, Mental and Physical Exhaus- tion, Indigestion, Headache, Nerv- ousness, Wakefulness, Im- paired Vitality, Etc. Prescribed and endorsed by Physicians of all schools. It combines well with such stimulants as are necessary to: take. It makes a delicious drink with water and sugar only. For sale by all druggists. Pamphlet free. Rumfcrd Chemical Works, Providence, R. I. Beware of; Imitations. Se eS ae THe West American Scientist. VOL. 4. APRIL, 1888. No. 36 A NIGHT WITH FHE STARS. Soon after sunset we ascended Prospect Hill, on the brow of which stands our new observatory, and prepared to spend a portion of the night in contemplation of the heavens. It was the time of early spring, and as we looked off trom the summit of the hill the surface of the earth seemed very fair. We were standing upon the first elevation that rose up from the level valley, and in front of us the green plains stretched away to the blue waters of San Francisco Bay. On the right were seen portions of three cities, the great metropolis and its vigorous young neighbors, Oakland and Alameda. As darkness began to settle down, the electric lights flashed out sharply in the distance from many lofty towers like stars of the first magnitude, while many lesser lights from gas jet, lamp and candle, could be seen twinkling like the feebler members of the constellations. On the left, the broad valley could be seen, dotted with clumps of trees and checked by fences, and in the distance arose a nebu- lous glimmer from thriving villages embosomed in the midst of numberless orchards and market gardens; while against the northern sky, as a dark and solid t ackground, rose the everlasting hills, diversified by a dark gorge and rounded knoll, and crowned by rough ledges and old trees. Just below us, in the center of the campus which itself is a little paradise, surrounded by trees and gardens and guarded by a merry brook on either side, stood ae many-windowed college, all lighted up for the evening study- our. Such were the scenes which met our eyes as we paused for a moment before entering the neat building from whose tower we were to look far off into the clearsky. Earth was indeed very beautiful; but then it was very near and easy to observe. Yet as the twilight faded, things around us seemed more and more in- distinct, while the glories of the sky shone out brighter and brighter. And so we turned away from the freshness of the spring landscape, and took in the situation of the heavenly bodies. In the south was Orion, its chief stars keen and glittering, while the minor ones were just flashing out, or winking like sleepy children. Near by was Canis Major, in which shone the 54 The West American Scientist. royal Sirius, undisputed king of all the fixed stars. The western Zodiacal region was faintly luminous with that great cone of light so plainly seen at this season of the year, extending past the three stars of The Ram, almost up to the twinkling Pleiades. The other parts of the constellation, Taurus, were high up near the zenith, the most conspicuous star being the red Aldebaran. The Twins followed closely, and near the faint cluster of stars which mark the place of Cancer was seen the bright planet Saturn. To the east of this was the great sickle of Leo, and the last star of that constellation, Denebola, had just showed itself above the eastern hills. On the north were the ever-present attendants of the pole, Ursa Major, Cassiopeia and the minor constellations, while very near the zenith shone the circle of Auriga, with its star of the first magnitude, the bright Capella. Having taken this general survey. a sight which is open to the observation of every one who is blessed with sight and who can view the open sky, we uncovered the great eye of the telescope and pointed the instrument toward the well-known nebula in Orion. We applied alow power, to give a broad field and plenty of light, and then we looked in silent admiration. Filling the whole circle of vision was a misty, luminous cloud, brighter near its center, and extending on either hand into fading wisps of light, which seemed to lie upon the dark sky like scatterings of white down. On the right side was a wide gap in the nebula, and the striking contrast between light and darkness made the sky behind this gap look like an inky space, deep and desolate. Several bright stars shone out in the midst of the nebula; one group of four, which seem very close together, is called the Trapezium. Under favorable circumstances two others are seen in this group, and lately, by the aid of the great telescope on Mt. Hamilton, a seventh has been observed. From this, the most beautiful of nebulz, it was easy to turn to Sirius, the grandest of the stars. As the tube came nearly into line with the beams of light which have for many months been hastening hither from that tremendous sun, lo, a bright dawn fill- ed the field of the telescope! And then the orb itself shone out— brighter, keener, infinitely more full of white, hot energy than the electric light. Flashing, various and changing colors, splendid with the sharpest light conceivable, brilliant and lustrous as a diamond of the purest water, this magnificent star is doubtless the chiefest gem of all the sky. The planet Saturn next claimed our attention, and in it we found a less brilliant, but equally beautiful object for observation. To the naked eye it appeared as a bright yellow star, but in the telescope we saw a luminous globe, surrounded by a shining ring a little inclined to our line ot vision, so that it looked like a narrow ellipse. Steady and quiet, without the flashing splendor of Siri- us, it shone in tranquil beauty, a mighty planet, surrounded by a The West American Museum. iy brilliant halo, such as the old painters placed around the head of the Holy One. Having now examined the three most beautiful objects in the evening sky, we left the observatory for a few hours, till the roll- ing earth should bring into view new scenes of interest and beauty. [TO BE CONTINUED. | Josiah Keep. THE WEST AMERICAN MUSEUM. It is considered advisable at this time to place a brief state- ment before the people of San Diego, and others who may be interested, relative to the plans of an institution that is soon to be organized and that is to have its existence in this fair city. Correspondence and consultations have been carried on confi- dentially with some fifty interested parties during the past few months. Very flattering encouragement has been received as the result. It is now desired to effect immediate organization; to facilitate the necessary preliminary work before incorporation a brief outline of the proposed institution is presented, that its friends may come forward and co-operate with us in the work. OBJECT. A Museum should contain the results of researches, should be a custodian of records and preéminently it should be a factor in public education. Indispensible adjuncts to a Museum are libraries, laboratories for the prosecution of original investiga- tions by specialists, schools for the training of its own workers in the best methods known, and the publication of the results of its works and discoveries. The work of the Museum is not intended to consist merely in the forming, preservation and accumulation of material (which is the ostensible aim); it is also intended to aid in the increase and diffusion of knowledge, to secure as complete data relative to each object as possible, and a new fact should be more highly pr.zed than simple additions to the cabinets without correspond- ing additions to our knowledge. The forming of collections is of inestimable value in facilitating the study of nature, science and history, and cannot well be overestimated, but it need not necessarily interfere with, or pre- clude equally important matters. SCOPE. It is not proposed to limit the scope of the Museum in any way. Its immediate field consists of the west coast of the Ameri- can continent, extending from Alaska to Cape Horn. Arrange- ments are being made for the forming of large and exhaustive collections representing the fauna and flora, natural resources, pre -historic remains, etc., etc., of the two Americas. Original investigations and extensive explorations will be con- 56 The West American Scientist. ducted at an early day, it is hoped, especially throughout interior Mexico, Central America and elsewhere. The very comprehensive plan of the proposed Museum, if carried to completion, would rival any Institution in America, not even excepting the U. S. National Museum, in charge of the Smithsonian Institution. But such results require time for maturity. ‘All things are possible’ is an Arabic saying, and the little collection displayed on a tea plate a dozen years ago, grown to its present proportions, may yet rival the accumula- tion of ages under the genial skies of California. THE ORCUT®E COLLECTIONS. The C. R. Orcutt Miscellaneous Collections will naturally be incorporated into and form the nucleus of the West American Museum of Nature and Art. These collections are estimated to contain over one thousand specimens, and are largely representa- tive of the fauna and flora and other natural resources of Southern and Lower California. The herbarium is very complete; so also are the series of shells, fossils, minerals, etc., etc. In addition to the plants of this region the herbarium con- tains plants from the Eastern States and Europe. The display of native grasses of San Diego and vicinity, awarded a diploma at the First Horticultural Fair held in San Diego, forms a por- tion of the herbarium and one feature of the Department of Economic Botany of the proposed Museum. The Forestry Department, also connected with the Division of Botany, will be a special feature of the Museum, and it will be our policy to develop the local resources especially, after the plan of the Jessup collection in the American Museum of Natural History, of New York City. A fine series of wood sections of California, Eastern and West Indian trees and shrubs (also awarded a diploma at the first Horticultural Fair held in San Diego), and to which many additions have lately been made, forms a nucleus for this section of the Museum. The above series of woods is supplemented by a great variety of nuts and seeds from various parts of the world. The work of the Department of Economic Botany will also include the introduction and distribution of seeds and plants, which will form a very important feature and materially aid in the establishment of a botanic and experimental garden in con- nection with the Museum. The wholesale seed and plant busi- ness, which has been conducted by C. R. Orcutt during the last eight years, will greatly facilitate the carrying out of very com- prehensive plans relative to this work, and will render this de- partment self-supporting should it be considered necessary or desirable by the management that it should yield an income. THE LIBRARY. An indispensible adjunct to a Museum is a library. At the present time, Pacific Coast students are compelled, in their prose- The West American Museum. Ly. cutions of original biological investigations, to consult Eastern, and in many cases, European libraries, from the lack of any libraries of note in California of a scientific character. A feature that should be prominent in every library is the pre- servation of local history. No library is nearly complete without complete files of all the newspapers, magazines, and_ posters, and circulars, as it is possible to secure. Every book or other publication, containing even the slightest reference to the region, should be preserved, and especially all Government reports and scientific papers—often fugitive essays in foreign papers or maga- zines, or in the proceedings of some society far removed. These papers are often indispensable to the historical or biological student to avoid error, incompleteness and injustice to others in his own work. The library of C, R. Orcutt contains some thousands of scien- tific books, pamphlet, stray papers, files of newspapers, and the files of scientific and other exchanges of the WesT AMERICAN SCIENTIST, which is being continu: lly added to through various exchanges ‘and purchases. In some respects the c» lection is unique and could not well be duplicated without great expense and trouble. Among the older volumes are two bearing the date of 1771. Some of the scientific books are valued as high as $40.00 for a single volume. PUBLICATIONS. THE West AMERICAN SCIENTIST will continue to be published monthly, and become the organ of the Museum. The influence of the magazine will be greatly to the advantage of the Museum at the start, and the exchanges with other magazines, individuals and societies, and literature received for review will v ery materi- ally augment the library. It will doubtless be found desirable to issue other series of publications. such as bulletins, annual reports, memoirs, etc. ; but these will not be immediately necessary. It will be best to establish a liberal system of exchanges throughout the United States and Europe, this often being the only way of securing invaluable publications of some foreign institutions. EXCHANGES. In addition to a system of exchanges of publications it will be necessary to arrange to exchange with other American institu- tions and individuals and foreign societies, sending them speci- mens of our plants and animals, minerals and fossils, in return for which they will gladly send us series for their own countries. ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT. It is proposed to incorporate at an early date, under the laws of the State of California. The government of the Museum will be in the hands of a Board of Regents, consisting of ladies or 58 The \West American Scientist. gentlemen chosen especially for their services in the cause of science, and who therefore seem suitable for the position. The number of Regents shall not exceed twenty-five at one time. The general management and executive work of the Museum will be in the hands of the Director, who shall be responsible only to the Board of Regents, of which he shall be a member. THE MUSEUM STAFF. In addition to the officers and regents of the institution, there are more than a score of young men ready to enter the service of the Museum in any capacity, willing virtually to give their time to work. These stand ready to enter the field in making explorations and collections in any region we may designate as soon as we can guarantee their nominal expenses. “It will not do to neglect nor slight these offers of services,’ writes a friend of the institution, ‘so willing to work hard and fare poorly, and with so good character and aims. These young men seem raised up for our work, and ready to give good aid from the start, and willing to do anything.’ We hope to receive sufficient encouragement and financial aid to very shortly avail ourselves of these offers of assistance and service which we have received from men of ability and experi- ence—some even of national renown. Further statements will be madein the near. A block of land valued at $20,000.00 has been donated for the site of the pro- posed Museum. Other donations of land, money, books or specimens will soon be in order. THE: TEAGBROSE. CRAB. In 1862-3 this tree, Pyrus Malus Parkmanil, was received from Japan, by the late Col. Francis L. Lee, and by him given to Dr. Francis Parkman, in whose delightful garden it stands to-day. It is about 12 feet high, and full as wide, and has an exceedingly dense head of fine branches, resembling in its habit of growth a fine thorn. It has a remarkable habit of flowering the whole length of the past season’s growth as well as from the older spurs, and each bud produces regurlarly five blossoms. These are set on stems three inches long, and so slender that they bend with the weight of the bud or bloom, in a very graceful fashion. The buds themselves are of a rich carmine color, and are in shape exactly like a choice tea-rose bud, only more slender, while full as long. They are almost precisely like, in color and form, the new tea-rose Pere Gontier, only not so large. This is a point of great importance in looking for a perfect apple blossom, as all others so far known, have the ends of the buds blunt and ill- formed. The fully opened blossoms are semi-double and of a lighter carmine color than the buds. The foliage is narrow, wedge-shaped, very firm, and quite glossy, being curiously dis- The Tea Rose Crab. 59 tinct from ali others of the apple family, and takes on in autumn the richest crimson and orange colors. The whole tree is a rich cloud of carmine colors, and the superb graeefulness of the whole is indescribable. We are indebted to the Shady Hill Nurseries, Cambridge, Mass., for the beautiful illustration of this crab presented our readers this month. It is being introduced and is for sale by them. Our readers are advised to send them their addréss for their new catalogue containing colored plates of various novel- lies, 60 The West American Scientzis/. A NEW Fag@sz-GALL. A spherical gall, an inch or more in diameter, is very frequent on the wild rose in this neighborhood. (Swift Creek, Custer Co., Colo.) Its surface is somewhat shiny, usually corrugated, in color reddish-yellow varying to pink and dull purplish. It grows surrounding the rose twig, so that it projects beyond and from the middle of the gall. In an old gall, from which most of the insects had escaped, I was fortunate in finding a dead and somewhat imperfect specimen of the imago, which is about three millimeters long, almost black, and shiny, with red- dish legs and somewhat fuscous wings. I sent some of the galls to the Department of Agriculture, and Mr. L. O. Howard in- forms me that they are the product of Rhodites tuberculator Riley, Ms., an undescribed species. * TZ: D. A. Cockerell. WEsT CiiFF, CoLo., March 12, 1888. A NEW, UNIO. BY S. HART WRIGHT. Unio Orcutti (Sp. novo). Shell oblong-ovate, inequilateral, not attenuated posteriorly, abruptly jointed behind, and some- times slightly biangulated there, in front evenly rounded, basal margin gradually convex, and eften nearly straight, dorsal margin nearly straight, or moderately arched. Epidermis variable, olive- brown, or Olive-yellow, or reddish-brown, with many faint green rays in fascicles, and three or four zones of growth, of darker color on the dividing lines. Surface smooth and often shining. Umbo obtuse, depressed, and slightly raised above the dorsum. Um- bonial ridge much depressed and very obtusely rounded. Pos- terior slope depressed, scarcely carinated, descending steeply and in nearly a straight line to the joint, which is carried up to the transverse axis. Cicatrices distinct, well impressed, those of the dorsum are over the umbonial cavity. Cardinal teeth short, erect, summits divaricate, granulate, firm. Lateral teeth slightly curved, arising from the cardinal tooth, acicular at extremity, and groove deep. Nacre a livid-white, copper-colored, or brilliant salmon, or purple, and chocolate colored. Cavity of beaks shallow. Habitat, Manatee River and west coast of Florida (C. T. Simpson), and in Lake Miakka, Florida (Dr. W. Newcomb). als In cabinet of Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, National Museum, and Cornell University. Width 2.35, length 1.5, diam- eter 1 inch. Observations. The affinity of this species is with U. Gedding- sianus, Lea, but is more oval than the latter. It is with pleasure we dedicate this species to Mr. Charles R. Orcutt, a working con- chologist of San Diego, Cal. UNIO ORCUTTII.—S-. HART WRIGHT. FLORIDA. THE WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST, APRIL, ISSS. Scientific Miscellany. ot SCIENTIFIC MISCELLANY. (Compiled by Maurice Lopatecki. ) The belief that human beings should sleep with their heads to the north is said to have its foundation in a scientific fact. The French Academy of Science has made experiments upon the body of a guillotined man which go to prove that each human system is in itself an electric battery, one electrode being repre- sented by the head, the other by the feet. The body was taken immediately after death and placed on a pivot, to move as it might. After some vacillation the head portion turned toward the north, the body then remaining stationary. One of the pro- fessors turned it half way around, but it soon regained its original position, and the same result was repeatedly obtained until or- ganic movement finally ceased. The mean height of the land above sea level, according to John Murray, is 2,250 feet, and the mean depth of the ocean is 12,480 feet. Only 2 per cent. of the sea is included inside a depth of 500 fathoms, while 75 percent. lies between 500 and 3000 fathoms. If the land were filled into the hollows, the sea would roll over the earth's crust to a uniform depth of two miles. Tigers have lately been reported from two extremes of Siberia —Vladivostock, upon the Japan Sea, and a point to the north of the Caspian Sea. They have long been known in the Chinese forests near Vladivostock, but their appearance in the region of the Caucasus is quite remarkable. Australia has some giant caterpillars. Mr. A. S. Olliff, of Sid- ney, mentions one moth larva, abundant during the past season, as being seven inches long, and specimens of larvae of two other species measure eight inches in length. Occultations of stars and planets are extremely rare, but Dr. Berberich of Berlin, believes observations of them would be very important, throwing light on the extent and density of planetary atmospheres, and in the case of Mars and Venus affording a means for the determination of parallax and diameter. Mr. E. M. Hasbrouck asserts that ten species of North Ameri- can birds can be regarded as missing. Of those, two—the great auk and the Labrador duck—are believed to have become ex- tinct, while the following eight, through scarcity or diminutive- ness, were ‘lost’ with the taking of the first specimens, and are now being eagerly sought. The carbonated warbler, blue moun- tain warbler, small headed warbler, Cuvier’s kinglet, Townsend’s bunting, Brewster’s linnet, Bachman’s warbler and the Cincinnati warbler. The direct conversion of heat into electric work is a problem that continues to tax the ingenuity of the electricians. What seems to be the most promising attempt at solution yet made is a 62 The West American Scientist. new thermo-magnetic generator and motor devised by M. Menges, of Hague. Like the recent pyro-magnetic dynamo of Edison, it depends on the fact that the magnetic metals lose their magnetic power when heated. It claims several important advantages, however, the chief being that the necessary alterations of heating and coolivg are given automatically, and that the cores of the armature coils are relieved from changes of temperature. Considerable differences in the standard barometers of the principal European observatories have been found by Mr. E. A. Sundell, of the Scientific Society of Finland. The shzdow of the total solar eclipse of last August was fifty six times as bright as the light of the full moon, as estimated by the time required to photograph a landscape The government of Egypt has been pursuaded to make sur- veys which prove the existence of a depressed region nearly sixty miles long by twenty miles wide, reaching a depth of 250 to 300 feet below high Nile. This depression has for several years been held by Mr. D. Cope Whitehouse to be the site of the won- derful artificial Lake Moeris described by Herodotus—fictitiously, many have believed—with a circumference of 450 miles. The interest at last aroused in Egypt makes it probable that the Nile will soon be admitted to this valley by a canal eleven miles long. The creation or restoration of this great artificial lake will give fertility to a wide area, and will reduce the annual inundations of the Nile, while storing water to replenish the river in dry seasons. TERMS USED IN TERING TO DOMESTIC ANIMALS. EDITORS OF THE WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST:—In controlling the movements of domestic animals by the voice, besides words of ordinary import, man uses a variety of peculiar terms, calls and inarticulate sounds—not to include whistling—which vary in different localities. In driving yoked cattle and harnessed horses teamsters cry ‘get up,’ ‘click click’ (tongue against teeth), ‘gee,’ ‘haw,’ ‘whoa,’ ‘ whoosh,’ ‘back,’ etc., in English speaking coun- tries; ‘arre,’ ‘arri,’ ‘jith,’ ‘gio,’ etc., in European countries. In the United States ‘gee’ directs the animals away from the driver, hence to the right, but, according to Webster’s Dic- tionary, in England the same term has the opposite effect because the driver walks on the right hand side of his team. In Virginia mule drivers gee the animals with the cry ‘hep-yee-ee-a;’ in Nor- folk, England, ‘ whoosh-wo;’ in France, ‘hue’ and ‘huhaut;’ in Germany ‘hott’ and ‘hotte;’ in some parts of Russia ‘haita,’ serve the same purpose. To direct animals to the left another series of terms is used. In calling cattle in the field the following cries are used in the localities given: ‘boss, boss’ (Conn.); ‘sake, sake’ (Conn.); ‘coo, Terms Used in Talking to Domestic Animals. 63 coo’ (Va.); ‘sook, sook,’ also ‘sookey’ (Md.); ‘sookow’ (Ala.); ‘tlofi, tloi ’ (Russia); and for calling horses, ‘ kope, kope’ (Md. and Ala.); for calling sheep, ‘konanny’ (Md.); for calling hogs, ‘chee-o00-00’ (Va.). The undersigned is desirous of collecting words and expressions (oaths excepted) used in addressing domesticated animals in all parts of the United States and in foreign lands. In particular he seeks intormation as to: 1. The terms used to start, hasten, haw, gee, back and stop horses, oxen, camels and other animals in harness. 2. Terms used for calling in the field: cattle, horses, mules, asses, camels, sheep, goats, swine, poultry, and other animals. 3. Exclamations used in driving from the person, domestic animals. 4. Any expressions and inarticulate sounds used in addressing domestic animals for any purpose whatever (dogs and cats). p I 5. References to information in works of travel and general literature will be very welcome. Persons willing to collect and forward the above mentioned data will conler great obligations on the writer; he is already in- debted to many correspondents for kind replies to his appeal for the Counting-out Rhymes of Chilaren, the results of which have been published in a volume with that title. (Elliot Stock, London.) To indicate the value of vowels in English please use the vowels-signs of Webster's Unabridged, and in cases of difficulty spell phonetically, All correspondence will be gratefully received, and materials used wili be credited to the contributors. Yours truly, FT. Carrington Bolton. New York Ciry. University Club. EDITORIAL. We present a preliminary statement in this issue of The West American Museum of Nature and Art. which will probably be an incorporared institution by the time this reaches our readers. The importance to be attached to the proposed establishment can hardly be over-estimated, and we hope to receive the assistance and co-operation of every scientist on the coast. The proposal has thus far met with most unqualified approval from leading men which is quite gratifying to us and we look forward to the com- plete success of the undertaking, vast as its scope surely is. We have to acknowledge the compliment paid us in this num- ber by Dr. S. Hart Wright, the well-known botanist and con- chologist, who dedicates a new Unio from Florida to the editor— a courtesy which we appreciate. The West American Scientist, 37 AND 39 COLLEGE AVENUE, IW aed ee A LS Seon oD AN IN AA ARE HEADQUARTERS FOR AR PIS LOLA GiuASS HVS of every Eind. We recently purchased Frank H. Lattin’s entire stock, which, with our previous large stock and iate purchases, places us in a position to fill orders promptly and satisfactorily. Try us. List free. SI TOMmMoLoeoGcicAad SuPrLurIes. Our cork is the best and cheapest in the market. Our pins have no su- periors as to quality, and no competitors as to price, quality considered. Our setting boards are equal to the best and cheap as the cheapest. TASIDERIMZT SUPPLIES. Glass eyes, tools, poisons, stuffing materials, embalming chemicals, ete., ete. List free. SCOLOGileoAL GooDs-. Drills of all kinds, Blow-pipes, Callipers and Calliper Rules, Embryo Hooks, Pencils, etec., ete. ; We have the following first-class eggs for sale, either single or in sets. Many of them we have in quantities. ‘There are a few varieties, however, that we only have a few of. While we always strive to fill all orders in full, we would ask that you specify several ‘‘extras’’ to allow for possible ‘‘outs’’. All specimens post paid at prices mentioned. N. A. BIRD EGGS.—Ridgeway’s Nomenclature. 1, 10¢; 4a, 45c; 11, 10c; 12, 3; Bs) 4: 22, 3c; 49, 25e; 56, 25ce; 60; Qbe; 63, 5c; 67, 5c; 88c, 30; 93, 5c; 122, 20c; 123, 10c; 135, 15c; 145, 25e; 149, 25¢c; 149a, 20c; 152, 20c; 153, 5c; 154, 5c; 157, 5c; 161, 25ce; 164, 25; 170a, 8c; 181, 6c; 182, 20; 183, 20; 197, 6c; 198, 20c; 198a, 55c; 202, 35e; 204, 12c; 204a, 20c; 207, 70c; 211, 3c; 21la, 20c; 217, 30c; 231, 3c; 231, 10e; 237, 20c; 238a, 30c; 240b, 20c; 242, 9c; 244, 18c; 248, 12c; 251, 20c; 254, 12c; 258, 5c; 258a, 45c; 260, 10c; 261, 3c; 261a, 10c; 262, 18c; 264, 15¢; 270, 10c; 272, 20c; 274, 10c; 275, 55c; 277, 18e; 278. 7c; 278b, 7c: 232, 8c; 286, 45c; 289, 5c; 301, 18c; 312, 15c; 324, 28c; 358, 70c; 361, 23c; 372, 28; 378, 5c; 378b, 15c; 387, 18c; 395, 60c; 402, 48c; 439a, $1.20; 455, $1.00; 460, 7c; 470a, $1.00; 480, llc; 480b, 20c; 482, 15c; 490, 18c; 492, 18c; 494, 10c; 495, 15c; 496, 45c; 522, 35¢; 555, 35c; 569, 20c; 571, 1ldc; 573, 45c; 574, 13c; 578, 95¢e; 579, 15c; 580, 13c; 585, 95c; 606, 10c; 640, 95c; 643. 35c; 648a, 30e; 645, 85c; 650, 30c; 656, 20c; 658, 65c; 663, 75c: 668, 60c; 669, 80c; 688, 18¢e; 690, 10c, 723, 25c; 735, 15c; 743, 35; 768, 25; 763a, 35c; 325a, 28c. We will exchange for any variety in any quantity at half our list rates. For eggs not in our collection we will allow full rates. Send for list of specimens we desire. SPECIAL NOTICE. All parties ordering goods from any of our supply lists, amounting to $2.00, will receive THe Wrst American Scientist, free, for one year, per special arrangement with it’s publisher, C. R. Orcutt. All ordering eggs or curiosities, from any of our lists, amounting to $1.25, will receive THz West AmMEeRicAN Screntist, free, for one year. Send stamps for amounts of $1.00 or less, over $1.00 Postal Note, Ex- press Oraer, P. O. Money Order or Draft. Order now while we have a big stock to select from and get the best. The West American Scientist. The Savings Bank. Consolidated National Bank. OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY. In the Consolidated Bank Bui'ding, corner of Hand | CAPITAL PAID iN, = $250,000. Fifth streets. | SURPLUS FUND, s ts 50,000. CAPITAL, - 2) =, £100,000. (ee : :OFFICERS:-: BRYANT HOWARD, - - - - President. James M. Pierce, = = : President. | E. W. MORSE, : : - - Vice-President. Geo. A. Cowles, a 4 Vice-President. | JOHN GINTY, - - - 2 ger Cashier. John Ginty, - - = Secretary and Treasurer, | W- H. CLARKE, . - - Assistant Cashier. > IDIRECTORS:-: —DIRECTORS.— O.S. Witherby, H. Mal ury, E. W. Morse, | Hiram Mabury, O. S. Witherby. John Ginty, Geo, A, Cowles, James M. Pierce, | E. W. Morse, James McCoy, James McCoy, Bryant Howard, S. Levi, Bryant Huwara. Interest Allowed on Deposits. Money ga Exchange on all the Principal Cities of America Loaned on Real Estate. and Wurope bought and sold. COLORS FOR NATURALISTS. A Nomenclature of Colors for Naturalists, and Compendium of Useful Knowledge for Ornithologists. By ROBERT RIDGWAY, Curator, Department of Birds, United States National Museum. Ten Colored Plates and seven Plates of Outline Illustrations. Svo. Cloth. $4.00. For sale by HAMILTON & CO. SAN DIEGO, CAL. Dealers in General Merchandise a a C. R. ORCUTT, San Diego, California. A SUPPLY STORE FOR FARMERS and FAMILIES Se We handle the products of this county, and ask for orders for} Honey, Beeswax, San Diego Raisins, Lemons, Oranges, Etc., Ete. Please mention this magazine ju writing to, advertisers, The West American Scientist. E. M. HAIGHTS BARGAIN LIST TERMs—Cash, with order, and if in any amount less than twenty-five cents, add four cents extra for package and return postage. Birds’ Eggs. Eggs are all perfect, one hole, side Indian Arrow Heads (imperfect) .. . 05 Japanese Paper Napkins....... 2for 05 blown, and can be supplied either Sinmaybaver Beans... 2.00 a0. epee 05 to 10 or in full sets with data. Money Cowry Shells ........... 2 for 05 A.O.U. No. Eccs_ Price, Pampas Grass Plumes, 15c. each, 2 No : IN SET. PER EGG fOr 25c., 5 for 5G. 12) doreimed pe) Plies! Pati... 2.2... — Porcupine Quills........... per doz. 05 49\. Western sGulli....0. 2... «. 3-+-+ 15) Petrified Wood (very fine) .. .-05 to I GO 51a American Herring Gull...3. @epeeamd Tubes. «<<....+.+ «+ sss See 05 58 Laughing Gull... ....... 3-- Beeowcates Hoes’... 2.6) acs dee 05 70 Comnion Tern........... 3% BAe rics Eggs eee 15 80 Black SkIMIMEr.......... Aas 08 Sea Urchins. (Pacific). 22a 5 to 10 120c Farallone Cormorant.....3.. 50 . : 122 Brandt’s Cormorant ...3 4.. 25 California Sea Shells. 123b Baird’s Cormorant... .. are eaeNemae Persona... .2.22s Uo eee 03 I99 Louisiana Heron....... ae ise 08 | Chlorostoma Funebrale.... ....... 03 201 (Gheehemenone..... +50... Are er isswella. Volcano. .... -s.s2e.deren OR 221 Amenmcan Coot... .... Gi Giagiec 05 | Holiotis Cracherodii.......... 05 to I 00 316 ones DOUG ae shes. pee Peameottia Gisaritea. .).)0.. 02.72 eee 05 378 Burrowing Owl..... ETLOMLO 15 | A 395> Road emmner..<......:. Ais ret é ———— 413 Red Shafted Flicker ...5 6.. erm ATIIGe! A). 122 tack we x pee 05 to 50 AdA ASimeiir css oss slaw. - ye 03|Calcite =... -... . essen eee 05 to I 00 448 Cassin’s Kingbird....3 4 5-. 20 | Cassiterite (‘Tin Ore)... .....- 05 to I 00 AQ COW MEM ene. rck ok oae Tie Begeeuirenite .....¢..3. tan geese 05 lO I 00 498 Red-winged Blackbird...4.. 2) @pidote...... TDS SEO cee e wees 05to 75 5¢6 © Bulloek’s Oriole. ......4 5.. osGarnet (Alumin)......:.. 05 to I 0o 510 Brewer’s Blackbird ....4 5.. 04 | Idocrase...... i 64 CElg 2. OG Osan 5tga Crimson House Finch..4 5.. 04 | Petrified Wood (very fine) ....05 to r 50 581 Song Sparrow. ...... 5. Ge, o2 Vermaculite (or quartz)...... .05 to I 00 591b California Towhee....... ee 05 s Te 593 Cardinal Grosbeak ...... ee o4 ha Se Con 622a White-rumped Shrike..4 5.. o4 1803 Head to Rig betes Ser eae 25 703 Moekinebird...... ...... Ale o4 | 1817 Head to Left, 1g) SUAS. eee a (oe Cs i bee ee a ee ee = Fig) SAMO TET * cola... ase. 08 ey Weativaulated. | Le es 721a Parkman's Wren... Bh Se o4 ee ad te Keli, 0.2: . ks eee 30 Curiosities PHB) PEER TH he Re eee ee 30 Jal CECT ee | CO myc Lt! Ao: avs ae 20 GRO PECUIN. © occ. koe = aac oe). ol) SON RRS SS aA ee eerie 15 Bird Wings (3 var. named)......... BOMBT OIC ee mesial | ink da oltebeen ee 20 Cragy Mieed) Pods... csc.2. ...s ss 3 fommabaiesar’ Wig ites oo uri 10 Cactus Wood, (curious)......... O5 tQiee a Sap ch Waste e Ae, ie) Sycamore Tree Balls. .......... 3 for 05 CS eX taM Ely 7) Gace isC Re decrees kee Cee be) California Ground Squirrel Tails.... 10 TOA ee ERA he NE sere cee cee 05 Chinese Chopsticks.......... per paifgosnmbas Head 18saec2.5." occ es sunk 10 x Game Cards....... .... 2 for 05| 1837 Plain, Hair String............ . ae Slow Matches............. Be eaGirs es eee ee kee ee oe 08 a Game Stones ........ a: 2 10GB eRAn tue meee tee. ee kb kk oes 08 Chinese Coins (very old). ...... eachigg@anmrgs2 Head to Left... ....«ccses 0k 05 Chilacothe Bean Pods (large and 1868 Bronze, Indian Head.......... 08 ee fe SRA he sree 25 | 1880 i BS plea RCAC ST. oh Fy 05 Coral (small white branching) ...... fo) . aoe : aT Cal. Live Oak Tree Acorns...... 3 for = Any of the a ae ae list oe cE Balls. ..... ..05-taaean Ost patel on receipt of two cents for Clear Qmatta s,s. )eoe..)...... 2 vs os5|each, Birds’ Eggs, Minerals, Shells, DD riediOlivesuaie see tick. os 3 for 05 | Curiosities. Fifty cents worth of cat ee ee A.) per package 10 specimens free trom this list to every Hawk ats Geis Vue yt 05 16 new subscriber to THE WEsT AMER- ie: ICAN SCIENTIST, who sends $1.00 to fo) Indian Bread Moss.,...per package 05 E. M. Haight, Riverside, Cal. The West Steel Jlews FOR ARTISTIC USE in fire drawing, Nos. 659 (Crowquill), 290 and Zor. FOR FINE WRITING, Nos. 303 and Ladies’, FOR BROAD WRITING, Nos. 294, 389 and Stub Point, 849. FOR GENERAL WRITING. Nos. 332, 404, 390 and 604. Joseph Gillott & Sons, 91 John St., N. Y. HENRY HOE, Sore AGENT, Sold by ALL DEALERS throughout the World. Gold Medal Paris Exposition, 1878. 170. ‘Newspaper Advertising” A BOOK OF 266 PAGES DEVOTED TO THE SUBJECT OF NEWSPAPER. ADVERTISING, aed Every Advertiser, whether an experienced or only an intending one, should possess a copy. Sent post-paid on receipt of 30 cents. GEO. P. ROWELL & CO., Newspaper Advertising Bureau, 10 SPRUCE ST., NEW YORK. A. WENTS GENERAL FORWARDING AND SHIPPING. San Diego, Cal. SCHER, COMMISSION American Sctentist. Bobar dead are those whe read th inaiid then act; they will find honorable em- ployment that will not take them from ilres< AUGHLY their homes and tamilies. The profits are large and sure for every industrious per on, many lars a month, It is easy for any one to make $5 and upwards per day, whois willing to work. Either sex, Everything new. No special ability required; you, reader, can do it as well asany one. Write to us at dress Stinson & Co., Portland, Maine, 32.44. Sea Wonders exist in thousands of forms, Those who are in need of profitable work that can be done while living at home, should Maine, and receive free, full information how either sex, of all ages, can earn from $5 to $25 per day and Capital not required) Some have made over $50 in a single day at this work. Ali succeed. 32.44. the last haf century. Not least among the wonders of inventive work that can be performed all over the country with- out separating the workers from their homes. Pay or old; no special ability required. Capital not need- ed; you are started free Cut this out and return to ind importance to you, that will start you in business, vhich will bring you in more money right away, than TRUE & Co., Augusta, Maine. 32.44. . se — Short- Hand and Type - Writing. Letters and Legal Matte: taken from dictation work done cheaply at Room 9, M. E. Church Block, have made and are now making several huudred dol- young or old; capital not needed; we start you. once for full particula’s, which we mail free. Ad- butare surpas ed by the marvels of invention. at once send their address to Hallet & Co., Portland, upwards wherever they live. You are started free. VENTION has revolutionized the world during progress is a method and system of liberal; any one can do the work; either sex, young is and we will send you free, something of great value \nything else in the world. Grand outpt free. Ad- — JOB OFFICE AND SCHOOL FOR:—— neatly and quickly, and all sorts of job Miss M. F. PERIN. The Cheapest Illustrated Literary Magazine Published, THE BUDGET. Devoted to Mental and Moral Culture (‘and the Entertainment of its Readers. Handsomely Printed and Bound and Edges Cut. | Engravings. The World’s Condensed Cyclopedia as Prem UM. Subscription, $1.25 per year, in advance. Premium postpaid | Cn reevipt of $2.00 we will send THE | I Bu DGET one year, the Premium Book, and 2 Popular Works, including Standard Nov- als! Poetry, Historv, etc. Send for De- 'scriptive Lists of Premiums and Popular Books mentioned. Address, Pie BUDGET Toayrrretrille Mary yous ait, Cal. Amply Illustrated with Fine | #2 Advertising Rates Reasonable and Made Known | on Application The West American Scientist. the Ornithologist aud Oolocist ESTABLISHED 1875 Now in its THIRTEENTH YEAR as a Maga- zine of Ornithology and Oology. The old- est journal in that especial field of science, and fully exemplifies that adage, ‘‘ THE SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST.”’ PUBLISHED FOR THE Bristol Ornithological Club As a monthly magazine of value to students of Bird Life. ment of Under the editorial manage- Frederic H. Carpenter. Send 10 cents for a sample copy. None Free. Subscription $1.00 per year. ORNITHOLOGIST AND OOLOGISY, 409 Washington St., BOSTON, MASS. 3220, “2])h assesses MORRIS, - - - ILLINOIS. HEADQUARTERS FOR Mazan Creek Fossils. Finest in the world, Choice collections from $1 to $100. Samples, by mail, of Fossil Fern, ete., 25 cents. JJUJARDINS IFE ESSENCE Is a combination of Phosphorus, Albumen, Pro- togon, Lime, Soda and Iron, which act on the Brain, Nerves and Stomach, increasing the | appetite, assisting Digestion, Curing Dys-_ pepsia, inevery form, Headache, Neuralgia, Insomnia, General Debility, Want of Vi- tality, Nervous Prostration and Impo-_ tence. In Hysteria and Epilepsy its effects are magical. In Consumption its nutritive qualities are beyond with other preparations. Its action is shown by | the increasing strength and weight of the patient, and the loss of cough and night | sweats. It is a brain, nerve, and life giving tonic. Price, $1.50 per bottle. | B@-For SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS, | comparison | tists. The Botanical Gazette. A well printed, fully illustrated, and carefully edited journal, covering the whole field of botany, and especially com- plete in all that pertains to the growth of science in America. There are articles and items of interest for all classes of botanists—the profes- sional, the amateur, and plant lover. The volume for 1887 (twelfth) contained 308 pages, 17 plates and 17 cuts in the text. A series of illustrated articles on Euro- pean laboratories is being specially pre pared to appear during 1888. 52.00 a Year. Address the Editors and Publishers: JOHN M. COULTER, Crawfordsville, lund CHARLES R. CARNES, Madison, Wis. J. ©. ARTHUR, La Fayette, Ind. 7 BARN SHORT-HAND REPORTING. Thorough Instruction by Mail. Terms Reasonable. Success Certain. Address, T. S. PRICE, SHort-Hanpo Reporter, Box 382, Marysville, Cal. 8H” WRITE FoR TERMS. THE MUSEUM. A illustrated magazine for Young Naturalists and Collectors, contain ng articles by eminent Scien- 25 sets (consisting of the only four numbers published) still on hand. ‘These will be sold for 40 cents : er set; original price 15 cents per number. Address E. A. BARBER, Box 2118, West Chester, Penn’a. CHANCES TO SWAP. Notices inserted under this head for five cents per line for each insertion; fifty cents per line charged by the year. Only notices accepted. >: What have you to exchange for a rem- edy that will cure Catarrh and Hayfever ? Address, Mrs. F. E. YATES, Sharon, Wis. Books wanted by the editor. The West American Scientist. The West American Scientist. e-—&.ESTABLISHED 1884." GHARLES RUSSELL ORGUTT, Editor, - - San Diego, California. Associate Editors :—Prot. Josiah Keep, Mills Coll Cal.; W. R. Lighton, San Diego, Cal. R. B. Trouslot, Valparaiso, Ind.; Wm. E. Loy, 3 Clay St., San Francisco, Cal. THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY. An illustrated monthly magazine, devoted to the recording of original investigations and thought and the popularizing of the natural sciences. yo SUBSCRIBERS. The price is $1 a year, when paid in advance; $1.25, if not so paid. Ten dollars paid at any one time entitles the subseriber to a copy for life, or 8 long as the magazine may be published. Subseription price for Grea Britain, five shillings, Back numbers, with a few exceptions, can be ob- tained at 10 cents each. Remit by express or Post Office money orders, pay- able to C. R. Oncurt. Subscription and Advertising Agents: E. M. Hareut, Riverside, California. R B.Trovstor & Co., Valparaiso, Indiana. Wurrremore & Hupson, Fitchburg, Mass. E. DevaporTe, Chemin des Angles, Fontenay sous Bois, (near Paris), France. W. P. Coxzins, 157 Gt. Portland 8t., London, England. Address THE WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST, San Diego, California. SAN DIEGO LAND st TOW COMPANY This Company offers for sale in tracts to suit purchasers 50,000 Acres of the Choicest Fruit Lands on the Continent In 20 and 40 Acre Tracts, Also near National City, on Motor Street Railway line, 5-acre tracts for Homes, with ample supply of pure, cheap soft water. Business and Residence Property in San Diego and National City. These lands lie adjacent to the Bay of San Diego, Convenient to Towus, Markets, Schools, Churches and Railread facilities, For profitable and successful culture of Oranges, Lemons, Apples, Grapes, Pears, Peaches, Apricots, Olives, and an endless variety of other fruits, besides Gardening, General Farming, Raisin, Wine and Grape Growing, these lands offer advantages not found elsewhere, and will be sold to Actual Settlers at Low Prices and on Kasy Terms. The Company also effers for sale Lots and Blocks in National City, Gal., the Pacilc Coast Terminus of the Sou/hwestern Rallwa System, This part of the Pacific Southwest, favored with a perfect climate, soil of unsurpassed fertility, unexcelled natural advantages, is destined to rank first in wealth and population, For Maps, further particulars, and full information respecting the advantages offered by this part of Southern Oslifornis, address w. G. DICKINSON, Supt. San Diego Land and Town Company, National City, California, Please Mention this magazine. | IT! H 90 NT 88 01425 0740