ous « * . * a my a A - * a — - , af * = ‘ . . ‘ : a 7 = . 7 , ‘ . - . > . et = a4 > s. == x a ¥ » x * an 7 : Ps » : r . rd] Pa - ‘<2 : 7 e * 1 & Pe - ¥* 4 S «we ane, Sh a - * — ” a ~ - a er 2 : , ? . : . = a * = 7 a - bn , . < + : me * - vt + bad —. iJ « ro - iy Bovn 2 IF38 HARVARD UNIVERSITY. LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY (2, £23 EXCHANGE . /2, ux OCT 2 ~ 1390 The W ~ Vo. V, No. 1. "SEPTEM BEAR; 1888. Wuore No. 39- PRICE: Io cents; eee Subscription, ‘Sr. Lipa : Life Subscription, fro. 00. eam Published monthly oy C. RO ORCY, TT, Editor and Proprietor, San Diego, Calif ile Le Naturali sta Canadial fl Pacific Coast Steamship Company eee 8-in , illustrated monthly. $2.00 A YEAR. The only publication in the French Language, on : Natural History on this continent. It is actually pursuing a revision of Hymenoptera with descriptions of several new *pecies and the history of Hemiptera of the Province of Quebec. L’Abbe Provancher, Capbrouge, Q., Canada. 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BARBER, Box 2118, West Chester, Penn’a. 21U The West American Scientist. ACID PHOSPHATE Prepared according to the directions of Pror. E. N, Horsrorp, ESPECIALLY RECOMMENDED FOR Dyspepsia, Nervousness, Exhaus- tion, Headache, Tired Hrain, And all Diseases arising from Indigestion and Nervous Exhaustion. O This is not a compound “patent medicine,” but a prepara- tion of the phosphates and phosphoric acid in the form re- quired by the system. It aids digestion without injury, and is a beneficial food and tonic for the brain and nerves, It makes a delicious drink with water and sugar only, and agrees with such stimulants as arc necessary to take, Dr. E. W. Hitt, Glens Falls, N. Y., says: ~“Anvexeellent remedy for a tonic Dyspepsia, nervous and general debility, or any low state of the system.” Dr. D: A. Stewart, Winona, Minn. says: . “mimige eats faction in cases of perverted digestion, loss of nerve-power, mal-nutrition and kindred ailments.” Dr. G. H. Leacu, Cairo, Ill, says: “Of greae powemsin dyspepsia and nervous prostiation: s Yes Descriptive Pamphlet Free. Rumicrd pene Works. Pre rhea R. I, Beware of Substitutes ue Imitations a - THE West FIMERICAN Screnrist. VoL. V SRP TEMBER, <1838: No. 39 POSS BOTANY AV. As we look back in geological time, the progress of life seems to diminish in intensity and rapidity of succession. We have seen that during the older tertiary (eocene) time, our present continents were alternately raised above, and engulfed beneath the oceans of the respective epochs, and during these alternations many of the large terrestrial animals, together with the larger forms of vegetable growth, must have, in a greater or lesset degree, been destroyed. This seems also to have been the case during the later cretaceous, hence, the rocks formed by deposits following these great changes are comparatively barren of impor- tant organic remains, and so far as California is concerned, the lines of demarkation between the rocks of the latter cretaceous, and the lower or earlier tertiary, are so poorly defined as to leave much doubt among geologists, as to where the one ends and the other begins, much of the deposits of these times having been made in deep still waters. But now, as we turn and adjust our geological telescope to the dim uncertainty of the older eocene, and the latter cretaceous, we look beyond the time of the first appearance cf the gigantic con- geners of the elephant, rhinoceros, tapir, sivatherium, hippo- potamus, zeujlodon and hosts of other strange and long extinct animals, to the period anterior to the incoming of the higher orders of animals among which man takes his place to the age of the great reptiles, when the land was occupied by the dinosaurs, the elephants of their time. Some of these huge reptiles, as for instance the Hadrosaurus of New Jersey, when erect upon its tripod, formed by its hind legs and tail, stood more than twenty feet in height, and browsed upon the trees and vegetation of its time, while the still larger Mega- losaurus, which preceded it, was a terror to its animal contem- poraries. Imagine a Ceteosaurus with a height of ten feet, and a length of forty or fifty feet. As we are looking beyond the age of birds, we see bird-like reptiles. some of them with teeth and tails like reptiles, with the tru: k, wings and feathers ot the perching birds. The dry land was covered with trees and plants, many of which are easily referable to existing genera and types, such as the willow, sycamore, poplar, various conifers and cycads, while others, which at first sight resemble the finest and most beautiful 3 The West American Scientist. forest trees and shrubs of the present day, prove upon closer study to be entirely different in character, some of them combin- ing in one species, characteristics of several widely separated families of plants. A further study of the fossil plants of our con- tinent will. doubtless, give many valuable facts in relation to the, history of the derivation or evolution of forms of plant life. The study of vegetable paleontology cr fossil botany is rapidly coming to the front. While formerly it occupied a very subordinate position, if, in fact, it had any position at all, we now find its im- portance as one of the means for unravelling the history of past. ages admitted by all geologists. Thirty years ago only about eighteen species of land plants were known to science as having been found in the rocks of North Arnerica, whereas now, more than one thousand species have been described. It has proven itself to be one of the essentials of geology, and instead of America being subordinate to Eurape in its development of plant life, it is now admitted that America took the lead, and that instead of American vegetation having been derived from the old world, the old is and was indebted to the new world, for its growth of forests and plants. The fossil flora of North America has a recognizable and acknowledged character of its own, and has furnished land plants of a period antedating the appearance of their prototypes in the European formations. Fossil botany as a science is yet in its infancy, and it is im- possible to predict the importance it may attain in the economy of scientific investigation. It is a documentary history of past ages, which will eventually furnish the student with facts of more than sufficient value and interest to fully recompense him for the time spent in desciphering its pages. Lorenzo G. Yates. LUSEIING SON. dade COLORADO DE SE tele In the latter part of June the editer crossed the Colorado Desert, and most unexpectedly had the pleasure of not only fish- ing but of catching fish from several springs found on the route. The Indian or Fish Springs consist of several large pools ten to twenty fect across, situated at the eastern base of the San Jacinto range of mountains, on the Colorado Desert, and about fifteen miles southeast of Salton, a Southern Pacific railway station east of Indio. The pools are only a few feet deep, though one or two are reported to be ‘without bottom,’ and are surrounded and shaded by ‘tules.’ A similar spring was found about six miles north of Salton, on the opposite side of the desert at the base of the Chuckawalla or Lizard mountains. An analysis of the water of this, the Dos Palmas spring, gives slight traces of alum, soda and sulphur, anc shows that considerable salt is held in solution, but it is not too salt for use. The taste of the water from the two localities is identical, and the temperature the same—1I should Cyprinodon Californiens, Girard. iE judge not under 100°F. These springs are all below the present sea level about 100 feet I should judge, from the fact that Salton, lying in the depression between the two localities, is reported to be 250 feet below sea level from actual measurements. And now the reader can imagine the editor fishing—first with a tin drinking cup, and later with a dip net made from an old barley sack. Bits of cracker floating on the surface of the quiet pool, enticed the brilliant little fish in great numbers to sport about the mouth of the fatal net, and from thence into the jar of alcohol was a brief journey. These fish were equally abundant in the little stream running from the spring, that is perhaps six inches across; scarcely an inch deep in places, and these fish (the largest scarcely two inches long, resembling young carp) I found swim- ming up and down this brooklet, one fin in the mud, another in the air. I was informed that some years ago some Chinamen caught a mess of quite large fish (a foot or more in length) from the Dos Palmas spring, but no satisfactory evidence could be obtained and none certainly remain even if they ever existed. The In- dians account for the presence of these little fish in the springs, by saying that ‘they fell in a shower of rain from thesky.’ Their survival is certainly most interesting when we consider that the desert, now covered with sub fossil fresh water shells (with a few marine forms intermixed), must Once have been a great inland lake or an estuary of the sea constantly fed by large volumes of fresh water. Four specimens from the Dos Palmas spring were submitted to Prof. and Mrs. Eigenmann, who kindly furnish the following de- scription. THE Epitror. CYPRINODON CALIFORNIENSIS, GIRARD. These fishes are probably the Cyprinodon Californiensis, Girard, as pecies hitherto known from the types only, which were im- perfectly described, hence we add a description of our specimens: Head 34%—3% (334—ain. total; depth 2 2-9—2% (2 3-5— 3); . 11; A. 11; Lat. 1. 25—27; tr. 1o—11. . Form and color of C. gibbosus. Head flat above, the profile steep, depressed over the eyes. Back greatly arched. Eye 3 1-5 —3¥% in the head, 1 2-5 in the interorbital. Mouth small oblique; ra Spine prominent when the intermaxillaries are pro- tracted. Exposed portion of the humeral scale not twice as large as the exposed portion of any other scale. Intestinal canal twice the entire length. Origin of dorsal equidistant from tip of snout and base of caudal or slightly nearer base cf caudal. Highest dorsal ray of male 11% in the head; of the female 1 3-5. Caudal slightly ° emarginate. Highest anal ray little shorter than the highest dorsal ray; ventrals in the female and in young inserted in front of the 4 The West American Sctenttst. dorsal, under third dorsal ray in the adult male. Pectorals variable, not near extending to the ventrals or to their middle. Color tn spirits: Male with an indistinct dusky band from eye - to middle of base of caudal; all parts except top of head and membrane of the caudal thickly punctate; top of head dark olive; caudal membrane transparent; all the fins more or less distinctly - margined with dusky; a black bar at base of caudal. Color in life: (from Mr. Orcutt’s notes) Back bright metalic blue, a diamond-shaped olivaceous-green spot between the eyes ; lower parts light blue or bluish; caudal brown; all the fins mar- gined with black. Female: Top of head and ante-dorsal region dark; traces of dark lines between two series of scales on the upper part of sides. Lower half of sides with conspicuous alter- nate light and dark cross bars and spots. Caudal rays with brown dots; inter radial membrane with a single series of simi- lar dots; dorsal of the smaller specimen with a blackish spot on the middle of the last rays, margined in front and below by a transparent area; a black bar at base of caudal. Ventral surface plain silvery. Carl H. and Rosa S. Eigenmann. LIFE IN THE CHUCKAWALLA MOG as ~The Chuckawalla mountains form a portion of the Colorado Desert, occupying the northeastern part of San Diego county, Cal. They are most appropriately named the Chuckawalla or Lizard mountains, for lizards certainly there predominate in the animal kingdom both in variety and numbers—possibly it would not be desirable to lead a long life in any other form. No snakes were seen during a week’s stay in July this year, but probably a longer sojourn would have resulted in as great a variety as I should have cared for in that line. Several species of rattle- snakes as well as various harmless snakes are said to reside in these mountains, but they did not call on me. A single ‘side winder’ rattlesnake was found on the plain near the railroad station as I was about to depart, but he was not anxious for a fur- ther acquaintance—neither was I. Mountain sheep, deer and antelope are said to abound among these mountains, but I only had a glimpse of a mountain sheep; _ one meal of venison was enjoyed—thanks to an Indian’s skill in hunting. Several beautiful pairs of mountain sheep horns were also seen. but no opportunity presented for stealing them. Around a few old Indian and prospecting camps I was tan- talized with finding fragments of the shell of the dry land tortoise, but no sign of one in the flesh rewarding my search in all my wanderings. Fish transplanted from the Dos Palmas spring seemed to be doing well in the spring at the mining camp. Coyotes, jack rabbits and cotton tails were not rare, consider- ing the number of acres they must require for support. A flock of young quail near the camp during my stay are worthy of men- tion. Few other birds were observed, but a few bats and night Notes on the Flora of Custer Co., Colorado. cs hawks sailed around us evenings, catching what few insects they could that I had not caught during the day—altogether I believe they were more successful, certainly more persevering than my- self. Bees were noticed in great numbers on the Dalea bushes that were covered with their indigo blue blossoms at the time (early in July). | The last Indian had disappeared from these hills (we met him going toward San Bernardino); four weary mules, a dog, and: half a dozen examples of the genus Homo, complete my mono- graph on the life inthe Chuckawallas—no, I forgot, the mosquito is worthy of respect. C. R. Orcutt. [P.S. The prospector’s long-eared friend, the patient burro, wants to be remembered. He eagerly devoured every word in the Young Men's Journal — paper and all. | meee OVISTTE PLORA Of (CUSTER: COUNTY, COLORADO— TL The present notes are offered as a slight indication of the nature of the flora of the eastern slope of the Sangre de Cristo range, at altitudes varying from 7,500 to 13,000 feet, in Southern Colorado. It was once suggested (I forget by whom) that it would be of great value to students of geographical distribution if botanists in different localities would publish lists of the most abundant plants in their immediate neighborhoods, say, for the sake of uniformity in the lists, the twenty commonest species. Now when one comes to study the published records, it becomes exceedingly difficult to ascertain what are the characteristic species of a given country, because the tendency has always been to record only or chiefly the rarieties, making, perhaps, the most fuss over a plant which is properly speaking only an alien and purely accidental. I would, therefore, repeat the suggestion, never yet properly car- ried out, that botanists in various parts of the country should send lists of their most abundant plants, and I am sure, with the consent of the Editor, very valuable contributions to our knowl- edge of geographical distribution might thus be made. But now to proceed to our Custer county flora: Clematis douglasii, Hook. This curious plant is very abundant about and below the lower limit of pines, mostly growing in open ground. It commences to flower about the end of April, and continues throughout the summer. A variety, rosea, in which the purple color of the flower is replaced by crimson, occurs, but is extremely rare. | Anemone patens var. nuttalliana, Gray. This most lovely flower is the first of the year, commencing to flower at the beginning of April, and affording throughout that month a sumptuous repast for the numerous bees (Halictus, Andrena, &c.) which visit it continually. This Anemone, like the Clematis, has an occasional var. rosea, in which pale pink takes the place of lilac on the Gi The West American Scientist. flowers. Some flowers, also, are nearly white, but I nevér yet met with a genuine albino. Ranunculus cymbalaria, Pursh. This must not be forgotten in an enumeration of the characteristic plants, since it is very abundant by roadside ditches, taking the place occupied in Europe by the handsomer R. ficaria. Aquilegia coerulea, James. Found under the spruce trees at a considerable elevation in August, its pale blue blossoms being a most noticeable feature in this region. A fungus, A‘cidium aquilegice Pers., was found parasitic upon it. Aconitum columbianum, Nutt. Very frequent amidst the rank vegetation by creeks, a tall and noticeable plant. Berberis repens, Lindl. Grows under the pines near Poe lower limit, and upwards. Commences to flower about the first of May. Argemone platyceras L. & O. This conspicuous white flowered poppy, with its yellow juice, is the first flower that strikes the eye on arrival, since it grows abundantly up to about 7,700 feet in the low land traversed by the railway. | also found it in Arapahoe, Douglas, and Fremont counties. 7 Corydalis aurea var. occidentalis, Gray. Abundant and con- spicuous in May at about 8,200 feet and upwards. I also found it in Gunnison county. Viola.cucullata, Ait. Frequent in damp places by creeks. Viola delphinifolia, Nutt. In some abundance by Willow Creek; this appears to be the first record for Southern Colorado. The cut leaves of this plant are very curious. Viola canina, var. sylvestris, Regel. In the woods above 8,400 feet. I met with this species also in Eagle and Summit counties. Viola canadensis, Linn. Locally abundant, the tall growth and white flowers readily distinguishing it from any other species of violet. Viola nuttallii, Pursh. Growing in sand on a dry bank, the roots striking down deeply. Most of the violets prefer shade and moisture, but this species expands its yellow flowers in the full rays of the sun. Malvastrum coccineum, Gray. Abundant on the prairie, com- mencing to flower early in June. It is apparently a common plant in suitable localities throughout the State. I found it also in Fremont, Chaffee, Summit, Eagle, Garfield, Mesa, vee and Montrose counties, and it is recorded for El Paso county. Geranium fremontii, Toms, srequent by creeks: Some of the Colorado Geraniums appear to run almost too close together to be separated as species. T. DvA: Cockerelkx WEST CLIFF, CUSTER Co. COLO. COL. JARIPS” Sse VENSON. Col. James Stevenson, the well-known ethnologist, died on the 24th of July at the Gilsey House, New York, of heart disease. Col. Fames Stevenson.— Editorial 7 Col. Stevenson’s health had been failing for some time, and he left Washington some weeks before his death for Gloucester, Mass., to spend the summer. As he found himself still losing instead of gaining ground, he went to New York to place himself in the hands of a physician. He was accompanied on his trip by his wife and his father-in-law, Mr. A. H. Evans. Col. Stevenson was born in Maysville, Ky., in 1840. When a boy he evinced a fancy for frontier life, and at an early age he joined the staff of Prof. Hayden, chief of the Geological Survey. He spent several winters among the Blackfeet and Sioux Indians, and remained with Prof. Hayden until the war broke out, when he served on the staff ot Gen. Fitz John Porter. After the war Col. Steven- son returned to the Geological Survey. In 1875 he surveyed and located for the first time the head-waters of the Snake River, and was the first white man to make the ascent of the Great Teton Mountain. When Major Powell took charge of the survey he was appointed its chief of staff. Subsequently he was detailed for ethnological. work for the Smithsonian Institution and ex- plored the cliff dwellings of Arizona, studying the habits, customs and religious myths of the Navajo, Zuni and other Indian tribes. In 1872 Col. Stevenson married a daughter of Mr. Alexander H. Evans, The high altitudes in which Col. Stevenson was forced to carry on a great part of his work weakened the walls of his heart, so that for months past its action has been seriously im- paired. The funeral took place on the following Thursday, and was largely attended by his scientific and other friends. DUT ORLAL,. An index to the first four volumes of this magazine is 1n prep- aration, and will be issued when ready in the place of our July and August numbers, which we have not published. Our sub- scribers will receive twelve numbers for a yeat’s subscription, exclusive of the index. ? We shall have more to say regarding the results of our three weeks’ vacation in June and July on the Colorado Desert (with the thermoneter at only 144°). What with catching fish out of hot water, gathering living and fossil shells, sketching Indian paintings and carvings on the rocks, examing the rich mines of gold and silver, opals, salt, etc., and noting the botanical and other aspects of a section of the county new to us we were well occupied. The compietion of the series of articles on cacti is indefinitely postponed, as we have lost nearly all the illustrations we had in stock (including over fifty varieties of cacti) by firein May. Our museum and residence has been changed, having just moved to North J Street, near 24th, where our friends and correspondents: are invited to cali. Our business office is now at 961 Fourth Street, on the Plaza. Help us to make Vol. V of this magazine better than any previous one. | § The West American Scientist. NOTES TAND INE WS: The meteorite which fell in Okhausk in the province of Perin; Russia, in August last, is, according to M. A. Pavloff, one of the largest yet known. Its weight before it was broken was about 1,100 pounds. This meteorite contains particles of unoxidized nickel i iron, consequently we must classify it with the sporado- siderites and its spherical mineral aggregates bring it under the heading of chondrodites. It is probably not generally known that the quicksand is com- posed chiefly of small particles of mica mixed with water. The mica is very smooth and the fragments Slip upon each other, so that any heavy body which displaces them will sink untila solid bottom is reached. , According to the recent investigation of Geiger, Cuno, Penka, and Schraeder, the primitive seat of the Aryans is not to be sought in Central Asia, but in northern and northeastern Europe, and especially in Finnland and in some of the territories belonging before to the ancient Republic of Poland. T e only argument for deriving the proto — Aryans from Central Asia was the belief that Sanskrit comes the nearest to the primitive Aryan speech. But the Lithnanian, a language of the inhabitants of the northern part of ancient Poland, represents a more primitive form of Aryan speech than Sanskrit, heaee the arguments of Max Miller, Pott, Lassen and others in favor of Central Asia must be overthrown in favor of Northern Europe. Dr. C. C. Parry and wife expect to return to their home in Davenport, Iowa, for the winter. 3 PUBLISHERS NOTES. THE OLD Curiosity Suop again changes hands, E. M. Haight, of eae, Cal., paying the price asked by C. R. Orcutt. Tue Youra’s CoMpanton has just finished publishing a-serial by J. T. Trowbridge, ‘* Biding his Time.” During the current year this favorite weekly for yourg people has given twelve pages nearly every week. : HorvicuLTuRE BY IRkIGATION is the title of an excellent little book of 140 pages, Svo.,- illustrated, by A. E. Gipson, Greeley, Colorado, President of the Colcrado State Horticultural and Forestry Association (price, paper, 50c., cloth, 75c.). The information and practical hints it contains will save thoze inexperienced in western ways from making’ mistakes and failures, and it is a valuable handbook for those experienced as well. It will prove of especial value to those who have taken up timber claims. PicToRIAL GUIDE TO THE MAMMOTH CAVE oF KEntTUCKY, by A. D. Binkerd, M. W., Coc ran, Ind., 8vo., 112 pages, illustrated, price, 25c., has just been received from the author, who writes that he intends to visit San Diego, and perhaps make its his home. THe WesTerRN Naturalist of Madison, Wisconsin, has been sold by Frank A. Carr, to the editor of Tuk West AMERICAN SCIENTIST. Mr. Carr expects to travel in Central America, and has engaged to contribute to the successor of his magazine. THE CALIFORNIA CACKLER is an excellent monthly for the poultryman, well illustrated and carefully edited, entertaining and instructive. A timely article in the July Century is ‘ Disease Germs and How to Combat Them.’ It iS accompanied by a frontispiece portrait of Pasteur, who has made disinfection and fermentation a longer study than hydrophobia, although it is with the latter: ee his. name is more in- timately associated in the public mind. The West American Scientist. Steel Plews FOR ARTISTIC USE in fine drawing, Nos. 659 (Crowgquill), 290 and zor. FOR FINE WRITING, Nos. 303 and Ladies’, 170. FOR BROAD WRITING, Nos. 294, 389 and Stub Point, 849. FOR GENERAL WRITING. Nos. 332, 404, 390 ard 604. Joseph Gillott & Sons, 91 John St., N.Y. HENRY HOE, Sore AGENT, Sold By ALL DEALERS throughout the World. Gold Medal Paris Exposition, 1878. { A. WENTSCHER, | GENERAL COMMISSION: FORWARDING AND SHIPPING. _ San Diego, Cal. | RE YOU FOND OF USING TOOLS OR) Tinkering? If So send One Dollar for THE UNIVERSAL TINKER AND AMATEUR’S ASSIS'T- ANT. Tells Amateurs about turning and lathe work, Painting, Staining. Book Binding, French Polishing, Wood Finishing, Fretwork, Amateur Printing, the Magic Lantern, etc. Single ccpies iO cts. Address HODGSON & BARWOOD, 294 Broadway, New York, N. Y. : YOUR > IT WILL PLEASE soy or girl and your neighbor’s boy or girl to receive a paper ‘‘all theirown.” Try sending them the YOUNG IDEA The best low-priced juvenile magazine published; 12 pages, 36 columns, monthly, illustrated, only 50 cts. a year; sample free. Address THE YOUNG IDEA, . Grant C. Whitney, publisher, Belvidere, Iil. ~ $85 solid GOLD WATCH \ Sold for $100 un- { til lately. Best $85 KAi} watch inthe world. Per- fi fect time- keeper. Warranted. Heavy solid Gold Hunting Cases. .\ Elegant and magnificent. Both ladies’and gents’sizes - with works and cases of equal value. ONE PERSON in each locality can secure one FREE. How is this possible? We answer—we want one per- . son in each locality, to keepin their homes,aud stow to those who call, a complete line of our valuable and very useful HOUSEHOLi))? SAMPLES. These samples,as well as the watch,we send free,and after you have kept them in your home for 2 montlis and shown them to those who may have called,they become your own property; it is possible to make this great offer, sending the SOLID GOLD watchand COSTY samples free, as the showing of the samples in any locality, always results in a large trade for us; after our samples liave been ina locality fora month ortwo we usually get from $1900 to $5000 in trade from the surrounding country. This,the most wonderful offer ever known, is made in order that our samples may be placed at once where they.can be seen, all over America. Write at once, and make tureofthechance, Reader it will be hardly any trouble for you to show the samples to those who may callat your home ~ and your reward will be most satisfactory. A postal card on which to write us costs but 1 cent and after youknow all,if you do not care to gofurther, why noharm isdone. Butif you do send your address at once, you'can secure FREE one ofthe- «| best solid gold watches in the world and our large line of COSTLY SAMPLES. We pay all express, freight, etc. Address GEO. STINSON & CO., Box812, PORTLAND, MAINE yy) Gansoldatad National Bank CAPITAL PAID IN, - $250,000. SURPLUS FUND, - -« 90,000. Undivided Profits - - 79,961 BRYANT HOWARD, - - - = President. E. W. MORSE, - - - Vice-President, JOHN GINTY, - = - - -- = Cashier. ‘W. H. CLARKE, | .- - Assistant Cashier. ——DIRECTORS.—— O. 8S. Witherby, John Ginty, _ James McCoy, Bryant Howard. ; Hiram Mabury, EK. W. Morse, S. Levi, —___-____e » =. Ags’ Exchanve on all the Principal Cities of America | and ®urope bought and sold. The Savings Bank. OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY. In the Consolidated Bank Building, corner of H and 1 ifth streets. ‘ $100,000. CAPITAL, = : OFFICERS:-: James M. Pierce. Sa wm - -.. President. Geo. A. Cowles, er eh : - » Vice-President. John Ginty, - - Secretary and Treasurer. : ‘DIRECTORS :-: .- O.S. Witherby, H. Mabury, _ E. W. Morse, Geo. A. + owles, Jaines M. Pierce, J mes MeCoy, Bryant Howard, Interest Allowed on Deposits. Money Loaned on Real Estate, - :J0B OFFICE AND SCHOOL FOR: — Short - Hand and Type - Writing. Letters and Legal Matter taken from dictation neatly and quickly, and all sorts of job work done cheaply at Room 9, M. E. Church Block, Miss M. F. PERIN. NOTES ON MOLLUSK OF THE VICINITY of San Diego, Cal., ad Todos Saut.s Bay, Lower Cal fornia, by C R. ORcutr, with comments by DR. W.H. Datu. With plate. Price, 25 cents C R.OrRcuTT, tan Diego, Cal. CHANCES TO SWAP. Notices inserted under this head for five cents per-—line. for each insertion; fifty cents per line charged by the year. Only exchange’ notices ac- cepted. orem 1s : ep What have you to exchange ‘for a rem- edy that wi:l cure Catarrh and Hayfever ? Address, Mrs. E. E. YATES, ee ee Sharon 5 Wiss Books wanted by the editor,» UL The West American Sctentist. NOTHING SuccEEDS LIKE SUCCESS,” (Editorial from the Cosmopolitan, December, 1882.) | Before those famous taxidermists and hunters, the Verraux Freres, established themselves in Paris, natural history museums were compelled to rely upon picking up their specimens in all parts of the world. The keen intelligence.of the Verraux Bros. was not long in discovering a means of serving the cause of science and of advancing their own fortunes atthe same time. They established a sort of clearing-house for wild beasts, birds, fishes, and reptiles, with branches in every quarter of the globe, and from whom you could order a stuffed elephant, giraffe, a Ben- gal tiger as you would flitch a bacon from your butcher, or a boiled lob- Ster from the fish-monger. While the Verraux Freres were gaining a world-wide reputation, an American lad, William #1. Winkley by name, was pursuing his studies at the famous technical schools of the French capital, and, when his means were all but exhausted, he left his lodgings in the Latin quarter and apprenticed himself under these famous masters. After serving a long and laborious apprenticeship in the study of animal forms, anatomy, and drawing, he considered himself sufficiently equipped for the practical work of his vocation Returning to America, and selecting a small in- terior town where rents and living expenses were light, he set up anes- tablishment of his own, as large as his limited means would allow. To-day, he supplies the largest museums of the world with stuffed specimens from the elephant down to the smallest rodent, besides lar: e quantities of minerals, rocks, fossils, casts of fossils, skins, and skeletons (unmounted) of animals of all classes, and often the wild animals them- selves, alcoholic specimens, insects, crustaceans, shells, echmoderms, corals, sponges, and botanical specimens, from every quarter of the globe and i. a great variety of form and price. Also anatomical preparations, chemical, philosophical and optical instruments, with Naturalists’ sup- plies of every description, and, the Verraux Freres being now dead, he has established, as they did, stations upon every continent for the col- lection of natural history specimens. The attaches of all the stations are Over 100 in number, many of whom are specialists. At his American headquarters at Clearfield, Iowa, there are not far from I00,e00 specimens of all classes. Besides mounting the skins sent in by his own collectors, this eminently successful taxidermist takes cus- tom work in his department from those desiring the same, and many hundreds of persons and museums throughout the civilized world are | constantly sending him mammal and bird skins and skeletons for restor- ation. Especially is this true of those scientific persons and wealthy in- dividuals, who, while abroad, have shown prowess in the hunt. But it is not alone in taxidermy that this cosmopolitan naturalist has won an unrivalled reputation. Years ago he devised a plan whereby even those of moderate means could possess a good cabinet. This, the installment plan, has from the start been a success, ind in hundreds upon hundreds of cases has proven itself an inestimable boon. to those of moderate means who desire a good collection. Many of the best col- lections in this country have been obtained entirely upon this plan and students, professional men, schools and colleges have all expressed - themselves perfectly satisfied with its workings in their respective cases. Prof. Winkley is strictly honest and reliable, and ifany of our readers want anything in his line (see advertisement elsewhere,) we would re- commend them to write to him. This unsolicited editorial was written more than seven years ago. In the interim we have grown.considerably, and to-day stand at the head of the museum furnishing busi- ness in the world. We are the only house outside of Paris, that sells collections on 1n- stallments. Do you want to secure a good collection on easy terms? Ifso, write to us. W. H. WINKLEY, Clearfield, lowa. 4% Persons having private collections that they wish to dispose of, would do well to send lists to us. The West American. Scientist. FINE INDIAN—— ——ARROW-HEAD | For only 10 Cents. F. C. JOHNSON, Boonville, N. Y. | THE WOR-.D OF NATURE. MONTALY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO NATURAL History, Mineralogy, Arche»logy, Numismatics, Phiiately and Bric-a-Brac. Edited and published (the last week in each month) by S. JACOB, Naturalist, (late of N-Y. Aquarium an‘ Eastbourne, Eng’and,vtc.) Newport. R. I., $1 per year, 50c for 6 months, single | copiés 1Uc; (None free). first-class advertisements only solicited; 10c per line: $1 per inch (12 lines). JOB PRINTING! Note HEaps—Size 51)x8 4; for 250, 80c; 500, $1 50 100u, $2 50 _ ENVELopges—Size 6. business size; for 250, SOU, $2: 1000, $38. Business CaRDS—214x3%%; for 250, $1; 50, $1 50; 1000, $2 5U; extra 1G00, $1 50 CIRCULARS. Size 4144x6, not over 150 words; for 250, 7Ac; 500, | 31; 1000, $1 50, extra 1100, 51. Size 6x9, not over 250 words; 2450, 31; 500, $1 50; 100, $2 00; extra 1000, $1 25. Size 9x12, not over 450 words; for 250, $2; 500, $2 5V0; 1000, $3; extra 1000, $1 75. We use only the best quality of paper, and do first- class work. All printi.g detivered free «f charge. Every wescription of Job an! Commercial Printing uvone, and «si ates cheerfully furnished Address THE CHAMBERLAIN PRINTING CO., 284 lavonia Ave, Jersey City, N. J- HAVE YOUR NAME PUT IN THE AMERICAN COLLECTOR’S DIRECTORY | It will cost you but 29 CENTS, which includes your name, address: vopy of the Directory, branch of col- | [t will also bring vou hundreds of free | lecting, etc. sample copies of magazines, papers, etc. Don’t wait but send atonce. Write name plainly and state if you desire to correspond or exchange. W. H. PLANK, Publisher, Wyandotte, Kansas. S. JACOB, Narura ist, 119 AND 121 BELLEVUE AVE., NEWPORT, R. I. —AND— 2 CASINO BLOCK, NARRAGANSETT PIER, R. ae Ssudent’s Aquarium (marine and fresh water); — how to make and manag: , byS Jabob, with catalogue | of curiosities, she}ls, bird’s egys, etc., on receipt of | 19 cents. THE STRAWBERRY FOR THE SOUTH. HOFFMAN’S SEEDLING ! Most productive, large, of the best quality and UNE- QUALLED FOR MARKET. I offer strong plants, in large and small quantities, at reasonable prices. CATTLEY GUAVAS and JAPAN MEpDLARs; all the finest - ROSES, in good, healthy plants; forty varieties of DwarF Oranoe TREES, LEMONS, LIMEs, Etc. Address ARNOLD. PUETZ, ‘Greenland, Duval Co., Florida. $1 25; | JFOR NAT v 1 ———_THE—— RECITER’S COMPANION! Is the name. of a Monthly Magazine devoted to Choice Subjects for every occasion. Contains many origi- nal articles and va uable instructions. | 50 cts per year; 6 mos, 25 cts. | Sample for stamp; no postals answered. THE RECITER’S COMPANION, Halifax, N. 8, | IS IT THAT THE SUB-CRIPTION | List of the AGASSIZ COMPANION | is so large? Because we give you a hand ome 16 to 22-page magazine filled with choice original art’cles of Popular Science every month. Issued the 20th of _each month. Established 1886. The largest, cheap- | est and best magazine of its class published. Only 50c a year. Sample copy 5c; none free. A297’ You can have your name inserted in our Amerizan Collectors | Directory and THE COMPANION 1 year for 60c. | W. H. PLANK,Publisher, Wyandotte, Kansas, _ THE SCIENTIST! / A monthly magazine by the Fitchburg Agassiz As- sembly.. Should be in the hands of every Agassiz member. Price 50c a year; 5c a copy; none free. rates on application. Advertising ) W. L. EMORY, Publisher, Fitchburg, Mass. | 2 : ee PHOTO-ENGRAVING AND DESIGNING. GOOD WORK AV LOWEST PRICES! NEWSPAPER WORK A SPECIALTY! Illustrations fr all purposes. We are offering EXTRA LoW fates at present 10,advertise our business. _ Correspondence on the sul ject desired. H. A. CARHART, Collamer, N. Y. LOOK OF LOOK! 500 4x7 Circulars, by mail, 75c. 10U Letter Heads, 35c. 100 Envelopes, 30c. MIX BROTHERS, BUTLER, OHIO. , P.S.—Sp-cial rates on larger orders. COLORS | URALISTS A Nomenclature of Colors for Naturalists, | and Compendium of Useful Knouwl- edge for Ornithologists. | BY ROBERT RIDGWAY, | Curator, Department of Birds, United States | National Museum, ‘Ten Colored Plates and seven plates of Outline Ilustrations. | 8vo. CLOTH, $4.00. For sale by C. R. ORCUTT, San Diego, Cat, | VIL The West American Scientist. THE IMMIGRATION TO SAN DIEGO - Filing ap th ity an Ca ry Rant, Me E Improvements are going on, values are increasing steadily, ae the town is now ripe for a good suburban town adjacent to San Diego. Appreciating this fact and taking time by the forelock, we have secured a tract of a land in the beautiful Otay Valley, ten miles southeast of San Diego, lying inland from the bay two miles, and from the ocean four. Far enough to avoid the fogs and raw winds sometimes quite uncomfort: able on the ocean Surrounded by fruit farms where grow in luxuriance the apple and the orange, the lemon and the peach, the apricot and the lime, the nectarine, the olive, guava, - plum, prune and grape in every variety; in short, all fruits and vegetables known to tem- perate aud semi-tropical latitudes, and where the rose, geraniums and all kinds of beauti- ful flowers bloom the vear round in the open gardens. Tes TRACT slopes gently to the South, just enough for drainage. The climate is not excelled in the world, and the whole tract is under raid with pure, soft and cold moun- tain water at a depth ‘of from tw enty-five to forty feet. We have platted this magnifi- cent piece of land under the name of Otay in honor of the valley, and so popular.is the lo- cation that one hundred lots were taken in a retail way within two hours of the tim:it was. put on the market We have put a steam motor on the ground and several trains are running daily between Otay and San Diego. We have also connected it by telephone, se- cured a postoffice; a fine store, hotel and livery stable Have given a nice corner fora church, and aim to do everything in our power to advance the ititerests of the place. It is just the right distance out for Suburban Homes, and for investment. cannot be excelled on this coast of great possibilities. Believing in the nimble sixpence we have put the lots on the market at a small profit to ourselves and giving all investors an opportunity to make a handsome profit. mL YY: Nowy 4 And secure a holding in the land of perpetual Summer while you can get it at a mere nominal price. ges The terms of sale are one third cash, one third in three months and one-third in six months, at ten per cent. interest on deferred pay- ments; five per cent. off for cash. Lots range from $100 to $200, owing to proximity to business center. REFERENCES Hon. BRYANT HOWARD, President of the Consolidated National Bank, San eee Cal. Cor. W. G. DICKINSON, ‘of the Land and Town eee National City, Cal. a We also have for sale on easy terms a choice line of City Property, Fruit and Grain Farms and Stock Ranches. ' R@-For those who find it inconveuient to come now, we tae caren uel paying investments and feel justified in urging those desiring investments to send their money at once, as the country is settling rapidly and prices advancing in proportion, Any question pertaining to the City or County will be cheerfully answered. Address, (SUION, HAMILTON & HARTLEY, S.'W. Cor. Sixth & E Streets, SAN DIEGO, CAL. . Mention this magazine, SE 2s tees ieee : OCT 2 1890 / 2, p28. The West American Scientist VOL. Vv, No. 2. “OCTOBER, 1888. WHOLE No. 4o. = a eee <— PRICE: 1o cents; Annual Subscription, $1.00; Life Subscription, $10.00. Published monthly by C. R. ORCUTT, Editor and Proprietor, San Diego, Calif, Le Naturaliste Canadien 32-page, 8-in , illustrated monthly. $2.00 A YEAR. The only publication in the French Language, on | Natural Histcry on this centin nt. [tis actuaily pursuing a revision of Hymenr ptera with descriptions of several new species and the history of Hemiptera of the Province of Quebec, Address, L’Abbe Provancher, Caphrouge, Q., Canada. CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTs. TWO LINE CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENT, only 25 centsa month; $3.U0 a year payable in advance. Each additionai line, 10 cents a month, $L.Q0U a year. Must be acceptable and paid in ad- vance. Copy of paper free to each advertiser each month while advertising continues. BOOKS. QCIENTIPIC BOOKS AND MAGAZINES FUR- nished by C.R. Orcutt, San Diego,Cal. Old Books wanted in exchange. ALMAGE’S SERMONS (74) TO THE WOMEN OF America, with practica hints to men, 10 cents. The Gospe! Herald, 333 Day street, Princeton, N. J. SAN DIEG CLIMATE, TOPOGRAPHY, PRO- * ductions, etc. By DouGiAs GuNN. 78 pp, with map, 25 cents. SHELLS. AJ Y PRICE LIST OF LAND SHELLS FOR 10 4*4+ cents. Over 500 varieties. C. R. Orcutt, San nego, Cal. SEEDS. ties Soe R. ORCUTT, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, COL- * lector and importer of all kinds of tree, shrub and flower seeds. Californian seeds, bulbs and plants a specialty; also ferns and rare cacti, _MINERALS. LARGE STOCK OF FINE AMERJCAN AND foreign minerals, Western minerals and fossils a specialty. Lists in preparation. C. R. Orcutt, San Diego, California. BIRDS, SKINS AND EGGS. EW PRICE LIST OF FRESH SOUTHERN CAL- ifornia Bird Skins sent for stamp. Charles H. Marsh, Dulzura, Cal. OTICE TO OOLOGISTS.—EVERY ONE PUR- chasing $2.00 worth of ezgs before Dec Ist will receive a ticket for my prize drawing The prizes in- clude egys of Golden, Bald, and Sea Eagle, Iceland, Gyrfalcon, etc. Write for particulars to W. Raine. alton St., Toronto, Canada. Pacific CoastSteamship Company The Elegant and Thoroughly Equipped Steamers of this Company sail in Sight of Land the whole distance from San Diego to Alaska, Leave San Diego: CITY OF PUEBLA—October 8, 15, 22, and 29. SANTA ROSA-— October 4, 11,17 and 24. Leave San Francisco: CITY OF PUEBLA—October 38, 5, 19 and 27—at 8 A.M. SANTA ROSA—October 1, 9, 14, 22 and 28—at 2 P.M. Freights received for all points North and East, from 7 A. M. to 5 Pp. M., every day except sailing days and Sundays. For further information apply at the Company’s offices at the wharf, foot of Fifth street. J. H. SIMPSON, Local Agent, Ancient Ked Man's Tools, 1 large game point, 1 small game point, 1 bird point, 1 barbed base arrow, 1 deep notched base arrow, 1 stemmed base arrow, 1 serrated edge arrow; all 7 are fine and well wrought implements, neatly arranged on card and labeled with date, etc., and sent post paid for 75 cents. List free. Catalogue 7c., or free with order. DEALERS SUPPLIED. J. R. NISSLEY, Ada, Hardin Co., O. LORA OF SOUTHERN AND LOWER CALIFOR- nia. A Check-List of the flowering plants, ferns, lichens and marine alge. By C.R.ORcurr. Price, 25 cents. GE. i THE NEW ACME N° 5 MICROSCOPE Complete, with high-class lenses, Lin. and 1-5in. $28.00. .— /) Send for complete catalogue “a Band sampie of The Micro- scopical Bulletin. JAMES W. QUEEN & CO. » Makers of the Acme Microscopes, iit 924 Chestnut St., Phila. a The West American Sctentist. E. M. HAIGHT’S BARGAIN LIST. Box 24, Riverside, Cal. | TERMsS—Cash with order, and if in amount less than 25 cents, add 4 cents extra for packing and return postage. BIKDS EGGS: Eggs are all perfect, one hole, side blown. The figures in parenthesis indicate the number of eggs inaset. All others are single. Western Grebe 25c; Tufted Puffin (1) 75c; Pigeon Guillemot 25c; Western Gull (3) 15c; American Herring Gull (3) 15c; Laughing Gull (3) toc; Common Tern (3) 4c; Black Skimmer 8c; Farallone Cormorant (3) 50c; Brandt’s Cormorant (3-4)25¢; Baird’s Cormorant (3) 25c; Roseate Spoonbill 50c; Snowy Heron 8c; Louisiana Heron (3-4) 8c; Green Heron (4) 5c; Black crowned Night Heron 8c; Yellow- crowned Night Heron (3-4) 20c; Clapper Rail 5c; Purple Gallmule 15c; Coot 5c; Willet 20c; Spotted Sandpiper 5c; Killdeer roc; Wilson’s Plover 15c; California Quail 5c; Valley Quail 5c; Prairie Hen roc; Mourning Dove (2) 2c; Zenaida Dove 50c; Swainson’s Hawk soc; Sparrow Hawk 15c; Barn Owl (4-5) 15c; California Screech Owl 4oc; Burrowing Owl (5-6) 15c; Road Runner 15c; Nutall’s Wood- pecker 75c; Flicker 4c; Red-shafted Flicker 5c; Scissor-tailed Fly Catcher 8c; Kingbird (3-4) 3c; Arkansas Kingbird 5c; Cassin’s Kingbird (3) 20c; Ash-throated Fly Catcher 15c; Phoebe 3c; Black Phoebe roc; Baird’s Fly Catcher 15c; Ruddy Horned Lark 20c; Green Jay 65c; Crow 5c; Cowbird (1) 3c; Red-winged Black- bird (4) 2c; Bi-colored Blackbird 4c; Tri-colored Blackbird toc; Meadow Lark 8c, Western Meadow Lark 5c; Arizona Hooded Oriole 4oc; Orchard Oriole 4c; Bul- lock’s Oriole (4-5) 8c; Brewer’s Blackbird 4c; Purple Grackle 4c; Bronzed Grackle 4c; Boat-tailed Grackle 4c; Crimson House Finch ( (4-5) 4c; Goldfinch 5c; Green- Backed Goldfinch 10C; Lawrence's Goldfinch 15c; Western Lark Sparrow 8c; Chipping Sparrow 2c; Field Sparrow 3c; Bell’s Sparrow 75c; Song Sparrow (4-5-6) 2c; Heerman’s Sparrow 8c; Samuel’s Song Sparrow 5c; Spurred Towhee 15¢; California Towhee (4) 5c; Cardinal Grosbeak (3) 4c; Rose breasted Grosbeak toc; Black-headed Grosbeak toc; Purple Martin roc; Cliff Swallow 2c; Barn Swallow 2 cents; Bank Swallow 4c; Phanopepla 4oc; White rumped Shrike 4c; Warbling Virio toc; Bell’s Virio 8c; Mocking Bird (4) 4c; Cat Bird 2c; Brown Thrasher 2c; California Thrasher 15c; Cactus Wren 8c; Rock Wren 4oc; House Wren 4c; Park- man’s Wren, 4c; Flain Titmouse, 25c; Bush Tit roc; California Bush Tit 15c; Yel- low-headed Tit 40c; Robin 3c; Blue Bird 2c; Western Blue Bird 8c; English Spar- row 4c. CURIOSITIES: Alligator Teeth 5c; Buffalo Teeth toc; Bird’s Wings (3 varieties named) 5c (15 varieties named) 25c; Crazy Weed Pods 3 for 5c; Cactus Wood, 5 to 25c; Sycamore Tree Balls, 3 for 5c; California Ground Squirrel Tails roc; Chinese Chopsticks, per pair, 8c; Chinese Game Cards, 3 for 5c; Chinese Slow Matches 5c; Chinese Game Stones, 2 for 5c; Chinese Coins (very old) 5c; Chilacothe Bean Pods (large and curious) 15C; Coral (small whité- branching) 5c; California Live Oak Tree Acorns, 3 for 5c; California Live Oak Tree Balls 5 to roc; Clear Quartz 5c; Gold- Dust Sand (S A) per package, toc; Horse-shoe Crabs 5 to toc; Hawk Moth Co- coons toc; Horned Toads, stuffed, 50c; Indian Arrow-Heads 5 to 25c; Japanese Paper Napkins 2 for 5c; Liver Beans 5 to roc; Money Cowry Shells 2 for 5c; Pam- pas Grass Plumes, each, 15c, 2 for 25c, 5for 50c; 12 for $1; Porcupine Quills, per doz. 5c; Petrified Wood, very fine, 5c to $1; Sand Tubes 5c; Skate’s Eggs 5c; Shark’s Eggs 15c; Sea Urchins, Atlantic, roc; Sea Urchins, Pacific, MO) eee Mud Wasp Nests 5 to 25c; Star F ish, small ‘Atlantic, 5c. MINERALS. Vermaculite on Quartz, 5c to $1.25; Idocrase, 5 to 60c; Garnet (Alumin) 5 to 60c; Asmanite, 5 to 25c; Tin Ore (Cassiterite) 5 to 7oc; Calcite 5c to $1.00; Dufrenite 5 to 8oc; Obsidian, jet black, 5 to 30c; Petrified Wood, very fine, 5c to fr. SPECIAL) ORFS: All parties sending me $1 fora year’s subscription to this magazine will be given 50 cents worth of any of the above specimens as a premium. All ordering specimens from any of my Jists amounting to $1.25 will receive this magazine free for one year. Send 2c stamp for Price Lists. None Free. E. M. HAIGHT, Collecting Naturalist, P. O. Box 24. ; Riverside, California The West American Scientist. - 110 Gat, OPEN COURT. Published Weekly at 169 LaSalle Street, Chicago. IIIs. A Journal devoted to Science, Philosophy & Morals. Send for Free Sample Copy. Price $2.00 a Year. P. O. Drawer F. BOOK CHAT! Brentano's, Publishers, 5 Union Square,N.Y. Book Chat contains montbly a complete index to the periodical literature of the world. Indispensable to Botanists, Conchologists, Geologists and Scientists generally. $1 ayear; 10c. fora single copy. THE—— AMERICAN GEOLOGIST! IS A MAGAZINE Devoted to Geology and Allied Sciences--the only one | in America—published by a number of Professio: al Geologists distribute] over the central part of the United States. Three Dollars a Year. Address THE AMERICAN GEOLOGIST, Minneapolis, Minn. —THE—— —CALIFORNIA FLORIST: ONLY $1 00 A YEAR. An Iliustrated Monthly Journal for Fiorists, Nur- serymen, Seedsmen and Amateurs, with departments of Home Recreation, Vegetable Gardening and Popu- lar Science. Sample Copies 10c. Address FLORIST PUBLISHINS Co., Santa Barbara, Cal: Pos So Clay rs. We will send you for one year Caz a— CONCHOLOGISTS’ EXCHANGE The Only Shell Paper in America. 16 Pages Monthly, and full of the Latest and Best Shell News. And the following Handsome Premiums: A neat box of Choice Land Shells, Fresh-Water Shells, or Marine Shells, or Berlin H. Wright’s New Check List of North American Fresh Water Bivalves, or D. D. Baldwin’s Land Shells of Hawaii. Don’t wait, but send 50 cts. NOW to WM. D. AVERELL, PUBLISHER, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. VARIETIES of Beaded Buckskin and War Rel- ics of the Sioux of Dakota, Apaches, Pueblos A large stock of Ore- All 10 and Navajoes of New Mexico. gon and other States’ Stone Relics of all kinds. the lea ing Minerals and Fossils of the Black Hills and Dakota Bad Lands. Wholesale aud retail. Send for Jarge, illustrated catalogue. L. W. STILWELL, Diad“«ood, D* T. GAKDEN AND: FOREST. —o-— The new illustrated weekly journal of Horticulture, Garden Botany, and Forestry is indispersable to every botanist and botanical library. Each number con- tains a figure of a new or little known plant (North American) not before figured, drawn by C. E. Faxon, with description by Mr. Lereno Watson. The paper is edited by Professor C. S. Sargent, of Harvard, with Professor W. G. Farlow and Professor A. S. Packard, as associates. The early numbers have contained ar- ticles by Professors Wolcott Gibbs, G. L. Goodall, W. J. Beal, G. W. Hilgard, John Macono, L. H. Bailey, Herbert Osborne, J. L. Budd, W. Trelease, H. Mayr, W. W. Bailey, D. P. Peahallow, C. R. Orcutt, Abbot Kinney, and other eminent contributors. Special attention has been devoted to Califurnia subjects, With the second number was published as a supple- ment a beautiful photogravure of Mr. A. St. Gaudens’s bronze medallion of Asa Gray. No American scientist should be without a copy. The price of this number with supplement, to non-subscribers, is now 25 cents’ Subscription Price, $4.00 a year. Garden and Forest Publishing Co. TRIBUNE BuiLpInG, New YORK, See welesVEBs PLANTS! Cen he. bios. —SEEDSMEN AND FLORIS1TS— MILWAUKEE, WIS. ALL FOR 25 CENTS. A fine Indian Arrow-head, Piece of Pottery, Star- fish, Sea-urchin, Shark’s Egg, 3 minerals, Chinese Coins, 14-page price-list of curiosities, etc., copy of COMMON SENSE, a 16-page magazine for collectors, 35c per year. F, 4, THOMAS, Publisher, Mexico, New York: HE GEOLOGISTS’ GAZETTE is the best ° 25c paper published for collectors of natural his- tory speciinens. Send forfree sample copy. It will please you. GAZETTE PUBLISHING COMPANY, Elkader, lowa. SHELLS OF THE COLORADO DESERT $1.00 for valve of Anodonta Californiensis and specimens of Physa humerosa, Amnicola longinque, and Tryonias. C. R. ORCUTT, San Diego, Cal. THE MUSEUM. AN illustrated magazine for Young Naturalists and Collectors, containing articles by eminent Scien- tists. 25 sets (consisting of the only four numbers published) still on hand. These will be sold for 40 cents per set; original price 15 cents per number. Address K. A. BARBER, Box 2118, West Chester, Penn’a. eee lus AGENTS, ATTENTION! It will be to yonr Ailteredt to havea copy of our ENCYCLOPEDIA, or Improved Catalogue of Rubber —— Stamps, [212 pages] which, with its Paduced prices, thousands of new Novelties, Cuts, Borders, Designs, etc., is intended to take the place of all other stanip ‘pooks. Every Page entirely new. Meiled on receipt of 33 cents. None free. Jan. 10th, 1887. | Address—THALMAN MFG. CO., Balto., Md, 1v The West American Scientist. Prepared according to the directions of Pror. E. N, HORSFORD, ESPECIALLY RECOMMENDED FOR Dyspepsia, Nervousness, Exhaus- tion, Headache, Tired Hrain, And all Diseases arising from Indigestion and Nervous Exhaustion. O This is not a compound “patent medicine,” but a prepara- tion of the phosphates and phosphoric acid in the form re- quired by the system. It aids digestion without injury, and is a beneficial food and © tonic for the brain and nerves. It makes a delicious drink with water and sugar only, and agrees with such stimulants as are necessary to take, Dr. EW. Finn, Glems-Falls, N. Y., Says: acum cee une tmnt remedy for a tonic Dyspepsia, nervous and general debility, or any low state of the system.” Dr. D. A. Stewart, Winona, Minn., says: “Entire satis- faction in cases of perverted digestion, loss of nerve-power, mal-nutrition and kindred ailments.” Dr. G.'H. Leacn, Cairo, Hl says: “Of ‘ greagy pemeqsin ~ dyspepsia and nervous prostration.” kee Descriptive Pamphlet Free. Rumicrd Chemical Works, Providence, R. fh Beware of Sigstiites and lint B@SBe sure the word ‘““HORSFORD’ S eats printed on the label.- all others are | spurious —Never sold in bulk. THe West American Screntist. Vor. V. OCTOBER, 1888. No. 4o INDIAN CARVINGS. The Chuckawalla mountains form a part of the vast region called the Colorado desert, and are located in the north-eastern part of San Diego county, California. About thirty miles from Salton, a station on the Central Paine R. R., and near the centre of the Pacific Mining District, there is a smoothly worn rock bearing on its nearly perpendicular face various Indian signs. I give below a rough sketch of the figures engraved upon this rock, as I foundthem June 7th. Itis beside an old Indian trail at several natural water reservoirs lo- cally known as the Black Tanks: These signs were cut into the rock about half an inch, and were two to six or eight inches in height, and all very distinctly cut. Those near the character resembling a large capital E were nearly effaced by the weather and could not be accurately out- lined. Ten miles from this rock, at Cohn springs, I was informed that a number of rocks were. similarly inscribed, with a much greater variety of designs, but I was unable at the time to visit the local- 10 The West American Scientist. ity. My companion, Mr. W. F. Hendsch, kindly outlined a few of the characters for me, which I give below: AY) 6 Inches Across Each 10 Inches High The above are signs selected at random from the great variety that he had observed on the rocks. The size is approximately indicated. He had been informed that they were intended to in- dicate the different localities where water might be obtained in that region, a straight line attached toa circle representing the _ trail leading to a tank or pool of water, the circle alone standing for a natural water tank or reservoir or for a spring. The figure above given where the straight line is crossed by a winding one was intended to describe a short cut to the water; the trail (straight line), leaving the wash or ravine and going across a divide a number of times, thus lessoning the distance to the water, instead of following the natural course of the wash. Ci ROKEHIE. 3 Feet Long. 1 Foot Long ie 18 Inches Long ry NOTES ON THE FLORA OF CUSTER GOUT ae COLORADO—I/. Sidalcea maluceflora, Gray. Grows in open ground in the valley, always in damp places, where it is of sufficient abundance for its pink flowers to give a.cclor to the landscape. Also found in Fremont county. Sidalcea candida, Gray. In shady spots by creeks, in the mountains. Also in Summit and Mesa counties. Linum perenne, .. Abundant of the typical form up to the lower limit of pines, in open ground. Acer glabrum, Tow. Very frequent by creeks as high as 1o,- oco feet. Fungus-like growths on the leaves are produced by an insect of the genus Phy/optus. | | Thermopsis rhombifolia, Rich. A Thermopsis, sometimes presenting all the characters of rhombifolia, sometimes tending to montana, makes the valley bright with its yellow blossoms in May. | Lupinus argenteus, Pursh. Occurs at about 8,400 feet of the var. decumbens, Wats. In the collection of Mrs. M. E. Cusack, an enthusiastic field-botanist resident here, is a specimen from Notes on the Flora of Custer County, Coloraao. if near Short Creek (about 8,400 feet altitude) representing a new variety, Sericea—rather smaller, mcre silky throughout, stem densely white-silky. Astragalus caryocarpus, Ker. One of the earliest flowers of the year, in sandy places in the open, at about 8,000 feet. This species was kindly identified for me by Dr. Geo. Vasey. Oxytropis lamberti, Pursh. The notorious loco-weed, on which much has already been written. The typical form has white flowers, while in an otherwise similar variety, lilacina, the flowers are pale lilac. The variety sericea also occurs. I have been making a list of the insects frequenting this plant in Custer county—Cantharis nuttalli, say, feeds extensively upon it; a gall ‘was found on a flower-stalk, apparently belonging to a Trypetid fly; small pinkish Lepidopterous larvee, perhaps those of Wéad- shia amorphella, Clem., burrow in the root and crown, and are erroneously supposed by some ranchmen to be the cause of the evil effects of the plant; the butterflies Danais plexippus and Papilio asterias were observed visiting the white flowers of the - typical form; while the beetles Afipfhodamia convergens and Cos- - cinoptera Vittiaga,and the Homopteron Proconia costalis are occasionally found upon it. fragaria vesca, L. Exceedingly plentiful above 8,200 feet, but does not fruit nearly so fieely as I have seen it doing in Kent and Sussex, England. Also found in Mesa, Delta, and Pueblo ° counties. Potentilla arguta, Pursh. ‘ Black brush,’ abundant and troub- lesome to ranchmen. I found one plant of the var. glandulosa (P. glandulosa, Lindl.) near Querida. I also found arguta in Summit county, and glandulosa in Lake county. Potentilla anserina, L. Abundant in the valley, differing slightly in general facies from the English form of the species. Rosa blanda, Ait., and var. arkansana (R. arkansana, Porter.) | These and other roses of the Sayi group are plentiful at about 8,400 feet, and so variable as to defy separation into species: Typical forms, agreeing precisely with the descriptions given in the books, are quite the exception. A fungus, Phragmidium subcorticium, Schrank, occurs upon the leaves. Saxifraga punctata, L. In shady places by creeks at about 8,500 feet altitude. Sedun stenopetalum, Pursh. Very abundant in rocky ground at about 8,400 feet. Itis probably the food-plant of the Par- nassius sminthens, which flies there. , Epilobium angustifolium, L. Abundant at about 8,400 feet, presenting two well-marked forms. Found also in Summit, Delta and Lake counties, (Enothera biennis, [.. Abundant and variable. (Enothera coronopifolia, Torr. and Gray. Abundant at about 8,300 feet. Echinocereus viridiflorus, Eng. The only abundant cactus from 8,000 to 8,400 feet. Flowers early in June. f2 The West American Sctenttst. Cymopterus montanus, Torr. and Gray. _Common on the prairie, eaten by cattle. Flowers early in April, being one of the first flowers of the year. 7. DA. Cockenell: WEsT CLIFF, CUSTER CouNTY, CoLo., October 14, 1888. STRAW BERL eran This is the fruit of Cereus ou a tall, climbing cactus of tropical America, with large, triangular stem, and one of the largest, handsomest flowers of all the night- -blooming species of Cereus. The scaly buds of this cactus are known among the Jamaican peasantry as Godochro. and are used by them as a culi- nary vegetable—particularly as an ingredient in soups. They were formerly used in the preparation of the celebrated West Indian ‘ pepper-pot.’ The fruit of the strawberry pear contains a pleasant, sweet pulp, inclosing numerous black seeds. The Cereus triangularis is often seen in South Florida, but, although flowering freely, it rarely produces fruit. Mrs Theo. B. Shep- herd, of San Buenaventura, California, possessess perhaps the finest plant of this species in the United States, now about thirty feet high, and bidding fair to occupy the whole front of her house. She writes that ‘ the flowers are grand.’ » ON THE RIVER BANK To-day I wandered on the river bank near the old mission of San Diego. Idly I plucked a lower—a belated Erythraea ve- nusta, as fresh and beautiful asin early spring. The bright cardi- nal Mimulus caught my eye; close beside it grew the oleander Erigeron canaelensis, whose acquaintance I had first made far away. The white flowers of a mock willow (Bacharis) showed - among’ the willows,while beside it, the tall O. Enothera displayed its golden flowers. Menzie’s golden rod was growing not far away and with it Stephanomeria virgata. The “ official” varvain spread itself regardless. of the fact that the land was of immense value, and near by the large white or purplish-tinged blossoms of the Datura were visible. The old familiar plantain, the Cotula.and wild Heliotiopicum, and the yellow clover were also noted. My hands were getting full of the many colored beauties—so natural and unassuming in their sim- plicity. Among less conspicuous of the flowers I gathered were two kinds of Erioganum, the Eremoceupus setigera, a Polygonum, Ambro- sia, Cucurbita palmata, a few grasses and possibly other plants. The sycamore, cotton wood and willow led in the bulk of wild vegetation, and the hedges of pomegranates and tuna cactus, and the olive,.fig and palm trees of the mission formed a pleasing back ground. Here we have mention of the twenty commoner wild plants in bloom to-day at Grantville. SFPTEMBER 23d, 1888. C. Ke Oyo The Chinanpas. 13 THE CHINAMPAS. THE WEsT AMERICAN SCIENTIST forthe month of June,1888, has just fallen into my hands, and therein I read the leading ar- ticle by Mr. M. Buysman on ‘Artificial Floating Islands.’ I am somewhat surprised to find it there stated that artificial floating iends ..* - = are only found insome lakes in Mex- ico, where they are used for agricultural purposes, and in these floating gardens all vegetables grow very luxuriently. It is to the use of the present tense throughout the reference to the fam- ous floating islands of Mexico, that I desire to call attention,with- out wishing to criticise Mr. Buysman. The fact is, the floating islands no longer exist in Mexico. They have become fixtures. The waters of the lake in which they once floated like islands of enchantment, have receded for several miles from the city whose walls they once washed A canal runs from the city of Mexico to the present lake Xochimilco, and along the banks of this canal (La Viga it is called), the float- _ ing gardens were permanently moved many years since. They still retain, however, the name they possessed in the times of the Aztec Empire, Chinampas. . I have often visited the Chinampas, and perhaps a brief paper on that subject will not come amiss to the readers of THE WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST. . : The manner in which the Chinampas were originally contracted differed little from the plan proposed by Mr. Buysman. The idea was derived from nature. Mosses of thickly interwoven roots of trees and vegetables often become detached from banks where the . soil has no very great specific gravity, and float sufficient quantity of such soil for the growth of vegetables. Seizing this idea, and acting upon it, the Aztecs made rafts of wicker work, nearly water tight, and filled them with silt or sediment from the bottom of the lake. In such soil plants grew luxuriantly. It was perhaps with some difficulty that the largest of these gardens were moved from place to place, and in time the wicker raft would naturally give way, precipitating a part of the soil, at the same time sediment would collect under an island, whereupon its pereginations would cease perforce. A number of Chinampas thus gathered together and permanently anchored, filling in took place about them, and finally narrow canals were opened through them to furnish high- ways where the soil was not strong enough to have wagon roads. So that the Chinampas exist to-day at various places along the canal from the city of Mexico to Lake Xochimilco, in the form of large gardens with soil rather boggy, but rich and capable of pro- ducing, with slight effort, the most beautiful flowers and finest — ee imaginable. These gardens are separated by narrow canals. The principle Chinampas are found at Santa Anita and at Ixtacalco. It is a delightful excursion down the Viga to Santa Anita, excursionists rarely go beyond that point. The trip is Ig The West American Scientist. made in a rude sort of gondola, propelled by a man at the bow with a long pole. Most of the way down, if the day be clear, views may be had of the two magnificent mountains which dom- inate the valley of Mexico—Popocatepetl and Iztaccihuatl. At Santa Anita on feast days (and every Sunday and most other days are feast days in Mexico, apparently), there is a great con- course of the lower and middle classes of Mexicans. It is well. worth while for the tourist to see this phase of Mexican life and try the tomales of Santa Anita, which are famous. The rich col- ored flowers of Santa Anita supply the flower market of the Mex- ican capital, while the Indians of Ixtacalco supply most of the vegetables eaten by the capital anos. Arthur Howard Noll. EAGLE Pass, TEXAS, October, 1888. FRUITS AND FLOWERS IN SOUTA AFRICA: ‘Yanka Girls in Zulu Land’ is a book recently published by some young Americans who went there seeking health for one of their number, and contains some statements that might reconcile us to a life in the Transvaal even, athousand miles from Cape Town. Every street at Potchefstroom is described as a boule- vard of oranges and peach trees growing side by side. ‘The very hedgerows are figs and quinces, while everywhere may be seen lemons, shaddocks and bananas.’ There is the greatest variety and abundance of flowers, but even the most beautiful roses are scentless. Orchids innumerable abound on the streams of Fable Mountain. There are geraniums, heliotropes, lobelias, a great variety of trailing vines and about 350 species of heather, making the mountain sides look like warm-hued carpets. The climate is delightful and healthful, but the thunder storms are terrific. Southern California is described, however, by others as still more attractive. | BIBLIOGRAPHY. LorD WALSINGHAM.—‘‘Steps toward a revision of Chamber’s Index of (Lepidoptera Fineina), with notes and descriptions of new species’’ in ‘‘ Insect Life,’’ 1888, pp. 81-84. The first part of this valuable contribution deals with the genera Cleodora and Dactylota of the former, five species are added to the North America list from California, viz.: C. Striatella Hb., ‘‘exactly simi- lar in all respects to the typical European form,” C. modesta, sp. nov., C. canicostella, sp. nov., C, tophella, sp. nov., and C. sabulella, sp. nov. The genus Dactycota was previously only known by a single species from Western Europe, and it is there- fore quite remarkable to have D. Snellenella, n. sp., coming from Arizona. The whole of this paper illustrates the well- known fact of the resemblance between the fauna of the Pacific slopeof North America with that of Europe. The author states DB eee — Editorial. ii that the name Dactylota is preoccupied in Echinodermata, and should rightly be changed. In such cases, it is better to retain substantially the same name, altering the termination somewhat, so that the two genera need not be confessed. According to this rule, Dactylota, Snellen. might become Dactylotula. A. R. Grote describes three new species of Noctuidce, Agro- tis agilis from Vancouver, Xylomiges fletcheri, also from Van- couver, and Orthosia hamifera from California. . The last is allied mee putpures; but lareer. “‘ Canad. Entom.,’’ 1888. 128-131. . |]. B. LEIBERG. Mosses in Northern Idaho, Neckera menziesii fume there. ~ Bot. Gazette,’ 1888. 165. W. O. Emerson. Albino birds ot nine species, and a melanic robin in California. ‘‘Ornith. & Oologist,’’ 1888. 82-93. L. O. Howarv.—‘‘ The Chalcid genus Rileya.’’ in “ Canad. Entom.,’’ Oct., 1888., pp. 191-195, and fig. Rileya, Howard, was based on a species (Rileya splendens), found by Mr. Koe- bele at Los Angeles, California, and the present paper enters into a discussion as to which has priority, this or Rileya, - Ashmead, a genus of Eurytomince proposed by Mr. Ashmead, about the same time in Bull. 3 of the Kansas Experiment Station, and briefly defined somewhat earlier in‘a table of genera in ‘‘Entomologica Americana.’’ Mr. Howard, discussing in the fair- est spirit, claims priority for his own genus, but we are bound to say that we should be rather inclined to admit Mr. Ashmead’s priority of description, whatever our wishes on the subject might © be. At the same time, we rather doubt the propriety of pub- lishing descriptions of new genera and species in the Bulletins of Experiment Stations,where they are not accessible to entomolo- gists at-large. TIE Ae G:: EDITORIAL. The promised index,thanks to our correspondent, Theo. D. A. Cockerell, is in the printer’s hands. Dr. C. Hart Merriam, Secretary of the American Ornitholo- gist’s Union and Chief of. the Bureau of Ornithology and Mam- malogy, has spent a few weeks this summer along the coast, from Puget Sound southward. His visit in the country, with relatives at Escondido, was cut short by the illness of his sister. Richard A. Proctor, the eminent astronomer. was one of the victims of fever in New York City. Dr. C. C. Parry has botanized in the central part of the State this summer,studying certain genera—Ceanotheus Arctostaphylos, etc., and has returned to his home in Davenport, Iowa. Prof. Greene has been in the field, we understand, but the results are not yet public. Dr. Edward Palmer has visited several localities, but found conditions unfavorable for botanizing. Walter E. Bry- ant made a successful trip into Lower California, collecting birds. If others have been doing anything let us hear from them. Alto- gether science has not been very industriously pursued on our coast the past summer. 16 , Lhe West American Sctentist. NOTES AND NEWS. Mr. Crossman, of the California State Mining Bureau, asserts that the Klamath river, in the Siskiyou mountain foothills, is the last remnant of a stupendous river like the Mississippi or Amazon, which watered broad fertile valleys previous to the upheavel of the present coast range of mountains. This was at a period con- temporaneous with the mammoth, mastodon and other species of that creation. The bones of these animals are found on the banks of this prehistoric river. It is also asserted that a print of a moccasined foot, two feet in length, was lately discovered at Soda Bar in the Siskiyou foothills, and Mr. Crossman has made arrangements to secure a plaster mold of the foot-prints for pre- servation in the State Museum. Prof. Morse, of Salem, Mass., has invented a most interesting and practical method of utilizing the heat of the sun. The arrangement consists of a shallow box, the bottom of which is of corrugated iron, and the top of glass, and is placed in such a position that the sun shines directly upon it, the rays of the sun pass through the glass and are absorbed by the iron heating it to a high temperature, and by a system of ventilation, a current of air is passed through the apparatus and into the room to be heated. By these means the air has been heated on sunny days to about ninety degrees of Fahrenheit by passing over the iron. One of the human foot-prints found in volcanic rock in Nicara- gua several years ago, is described by Dr. G. Brinton as being nine and one-half inches long, three inches wide at the heel and four and one-half at the toe. The apparent length of the foot it- self is eight inches. Dr. Brinton considers the foot-prints genuine but is uncertain whether they are so ancient as has been sup- posed. | PO BIg SLE ae OWES. Mr. George Kennan contributed to the September CrntTuRY an article on ‘ Exile by Administrative Process,’ in which he gives a great number of instances of the banishment of persons to Siberia, without the observance of any of the legal formalities that in most countries precede or attend a deprivation of rights. Mr. Kennan also discusses, in an open letter in this number of TH Century, the questicn, ‘ Is the Siberian Exile System to be at Once Abol- ished?’ stating his reasons for believing that the plan of reform now being discussed in Rus- sia, and which is said by the London ‘Spectator’ to involve the entire abolition of exile to Siberia as a method of punishment, will not be put into operation. Mr. Kennan says that the present plan is one proposed by the chief of the Russian Prison Department, with whom he had a long and interesting conversation just before his departure from St. Petersburg. It grew out of the many complaints of the respectable inhabitants of Siberia, who demanded that the penal classes of Russia should not be turned loose upon them. The Russian official only hoped to restrict and reform the system, so as to make it more tolerable to the Siberian peo- ple, by shutting up in prisons in European Russia a certain proportion of prisoners who are now sent to Siberia, This reform would have affected in the year 1885 fewer than three thousand exiles out of a total of over ten thousand. Before such a plan goes to the Council of State for discussion it is always submitted to the ministers within whose jurisdiction it falls—in the present case, the Minister of Justice, the Minister of Finance, an‘ the Minister of the Interior, Two of these officers have already dis- approved of the plan, the Minister of Justice declaring that ‘exile to Siberia for political and religious offenses must be preserved,’ and it is Mr. Kennan’s belief that the scheme will not even reach the Council of State. This is by no means the first measure of reform which has been submitted to the Tsar’s ministers, but every effort has so far been fruitless, and the plans have been found ‘ im- practicable.’ The = ie (3 Co-operation Reduces Cost AWatch?$38 \e Fully EQUAL forX\\f Accuracy, Dura- et bility, Appearance and Service, to i chlany $75.00 Watch. Philadelphia’s Gifu: [4- Kara Gold Filled CHAIN building associa- is guaranteed to wear tions lneve done much _ toward building it up and making it —\ ADKC TAY. ‘feed | : 20 Years, and is 334% BE eee 14-Karat Solid Gold HEE of co-operation| Look for the stamps Aw) carefully & eco- —K.W.C.Co. 14K. FLO.— 6 nomically man- and buy the BEST. aged,hasbuiltup 7he Keystone Watch Ciub Co. until they are now selling zzo7-efBs Watches to consumers than all others§S combined. They handle only the Keystone Dust-proof Watch if which is deservedly regarded as the crown and climax of Pennsylvania’s manufactures. This Watch contains—See every essential to an accurate time-(Bra keeper, and many important improve-IFiGh ments patented by the Company. They|flzits) are Dust and Damp Proof, Berit f other movement in the world ||ll | | Jeweled with genuinerubics. Bi Patent Stem Wind & Set, |faiky ij through authorized agents at == & $38.co. Either all cash downliz Let | or $1.00 per week. - = Sree with each Watch. PR oor. WATCHES —— ——————— a , 2 quality possessed by no # strongest and simplest. Soldigt An Ajax Watch Insulator given HA = | Keystone Watch Club Co Main Office in eu mp = dsb =} Own2 Luilding, eae BEST ware ; ee 904 Walnut St. I PHILADELPHIA,PAY, = ieee AJA 2) Watch ecilator $2.00 A perfect protection against magnetism. Fitany watch. Sent * by mail on receipt of price. my We refer to any Commercial Agenc THE Cian bE -CACTUS. eg Living plants of this ‘‘Monarch of the Desert” supplied at from $5.00 to $100.00 each, according to size. B. F. JOHNSON & SONS, ZENOS, A. T. For trade prices address C. R. OrcuTT, San Diego, Cal. ea and Scmi-Tropical Plants in America. West American Scientist. v NATURALISTS’ SUPPLY DEPOT. Send for Price Lists of BIRDS’ SKINS, BIRDS’ EGGS, GLASS £YES, and Supplies for TAXIDERMISTS, OOLOGISTS & ENTOMOLOGISTS Frank B. Webster, 409 Washington St., Boston, MAss. ROYAL PALM NURSERIES The finest anil most extensive collection of Tvropi- Many aday ted to Southern California. More than 20 varic- ties of bananas. 150,000 one year old palms. Fru t, ornamental and economical plants from Australia, Japan, Hong-Kong, India, South Africa, South Ameri- ca and all parts of the tropical world. New and valu- able descriptive catalogue of 100 pages, mailed to any address, upon receipt of 10 cts. Address, REASONER BROS., Manatee, Florida. Doubly Terminated Quartz Crystals Or the So-Called American Rhine Stone. We have spent much time and money during the pa~t summer collectirg the celebrated crystals of Herkimer County, the only locality in the world where they are found so perfect and brilliant, and now have a complete stock, from the common var- ieties to the rarest forms, which we are selling at prices that guarantee satisfaction. Our $l trial {ots for amateurs 140 erystals) are the best ever put up for the money and our $5 to $25 lots for advanced collectors were never equalled in quality. Correspondence with colleges especially desired. KLOCK & GRISWOLD, East Schuyler, Herkimer Co, N. Y. Edgar J. Klock. D. Griswold, A. B. PORTRAITS. YOUR HOME MADE BEAUTIFUL By adorning them with the FACES OF LOVED ONES. The New Yor Arti:ts’ Union is the only organiza* tion doing genuine Crayon, Pastels and Oil Portraits of friends living or dead, from photographs, tin-type8 or any correct likeness, They can fill, and therefore solicit orders from all parts of the United States. Con- scientious work on the smallest as well as the largest contracts is their rule. Satisfaction guaranteed or no pay required. All work done. by Graduated Artists, Now zs the time to send your order. Send for our illustrated circular of prices, etc., to The New York Artists’? Union, Mention this paper] 10 East 14th St , New York. THE LAKELAND NURSERY COMPANY Offer the largest and most complete collection of Cirrus Fruit Trees to be had in Florida, Prices VERY Low. Send for Descriptive Catalogue and Price List. Address, E. H. TISON, Business Manager, Lakeland, Polk Co., Florida. oo Cf ANCE tees Shipped to California last season. They arrived in good condition. My new cata- logue is now ready, containing descriptions of all the leading varieties of Orange and Lemon Trees. H. L. WHEATLEY, Altamonte Nurseries, Palm Springs, Orange Co., Florida. VL The West American Sctentist. “NOTHING SuccEEDS LIKE SUCCESS.” (Editorial from the Cosmopolitan, December, 1882.) Before those famous taxidermists and hunters, the Verraux Freres, established themselves in Paris, natural history museums were compelled to rely upon picking up their specimens in all parts of the world. The keen intelligence of the Verraux Bros. was not long in discovering a means of serving the cause of science and of advancing their own fortunes at the same time. They established a sort of clearing-house for wild beasts, birds, fishes, and reptiles, with branches in every quarter of the globe, and from whom you could order a stuffed elephant, giraffe, a Ben- gal tiger as you would flitch a bacon from your butcher, or a boiled lob- ster from the fish-monger. While the Verraux Freres were gaining a world-wide reputation, an American lad, William H. Winkley by name, was pursuing his studies at the famous technical schools of the French capital, and, when his means were all but exhausted, he left his lodgings in the Latin quarter and apprenticed himself under these famous masters. After serving a long and laborious apprenticeship in the study of animal forms, anatomy, and drawing, he considered himself sufficiently equipped for the practical work of his vocation. Returning to America, and selecting a small in- terior town where rents and living expenses were light, he set up anes- tablishment of his own, as large as his limited means would allow. To-day, he supplies the largest museums of the world with stuffed specimens from the elephant down to the smallest rodent, besides large quantities of minerals, rocks, fossils, casts of fossils, skins, and skeletons (unmounted) of animals of all classes, and often the wild animals them- selves, alcoholic specimens, insects, crustaceans, shells, echmoderms, © corals, sponges, and botanical specimens, from every quarter of the globe and in a great variety of form and price. Also anatomical preparations, chemical, philosophical and optical instruments, with Naturalists’ sup- plies of every description, and, the Verraux Freres being now dead, he has established, as they did, stations upon every continent for the col- lection of natural history specimens. The attaches of all the stations are Over 100 in number, many of whom are specialists. _ At his American headquarters at Clearfield, Iowa, there are not far from 100,e00 specimens of all classes. Besides mounting the skins sent in by his own collectors, this eminently successful taxidermist takes cus- tom work in his department from those desiring the same, and many hundreds of persons and museums throughout the civilized world are constantly sending him mammal and bird skins and skeletons for restor- ation. Especially is this true of those scientific persons and wealthy in- dividuals, who, while abroad, have shown prowess in the hunt. But it is not alone in taxidermy that this cosmopolitan naturalist has won an unrivalled reputation. Years ago he devised a plan whereby “even those of moderate means could possess a good cabinet. This, the installment plan, has from the start been a success, and in hundreds ‘upon hundreds of cases has proven itself an inestimable boon to those of moderate means who desire a good collection. Many of the best col- lections in this country have been obtained entirely upon this plan and students, professional men, schools and colleges have all expressed themselves perfectly satisfied with its workings in their respective cases. Prof. Winkley is strictly honest and reliable, and ifany of our readers want anything in his line (see advertisement elsewhere,) we would re- commend them to write to him. . This unsolicited editorial was written more than seven yearsago. Inthe interim we have grown considerably, and to-day stand at the head of the museum furnishing busi- ness in the world. We are the only house outside of Paris, that sells collections on in- stallments. Do you want to secure a good collection on easy terms? If so, write to us. W. H. WINKLEY, Clearfield, Iowa. fg Persons having private collections that they wish to dispose of, would do well to send lists to us. : The West American Scientis . —A FINE INDIAN—— ——ARROW-HEAD For only 10 Cents. F. C. JOHNSON, Boonville, N. Y. VIL ——THE—— RECITER’S COMPANION ! Is the name of a Monthly Magazine devoted to Choice Subjects for every occasion. Contains many origi- nal articles and va uable instructions. 50 cts per year; 6 mos, 25 cts. Sample for stamp; no postals answered. THE RECITER’S COMPANION, Halifax, N. 8. THE-WORLD OF NATURE. MONTALY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO NATURAL History, Mineralogy, Archeology, Numismatics, Philately and Bric-a-Brac. Edited and publishe:! (the Jast week in each month) by S. JACOB, Naturalist, (late of N-Y. Aquarium and Eastbourne, Eng'and,-tc.) Newport. R. I., $1 per year, 50c for 6 months, single copies 10c; (None free). First-class advertisements only solicited; 10c per line: $1 per inch (12 lines). JOB PRINTING! Notre Heaps—Size 5144x8¥%; for 250, 80c; 500, $1 50 1000, $2 50 - ENVELOPES—Size 6, business size; for 250, $1 25; E00, $2; 1000, $3. Business CARDS—214x35; for 250, $1; 50°, $1 50; 1000, $2 50; extra 1400, $1 50 CIRCULARS. Size 4144x6, not over 150 words; for 250, The; 500, $1; 1000, $1 50, extra 1000, $1. Size 6x9, not over 250 words; 250, $1; 500, $1 50; 10U0, $2 00; extra 1000, $1 25. Size 9x12, not over 450 words; for 250, $2; 500, $2 50; 1000, $3; extra 1000, $1 75. We use only the best quality of paper, and d> first- class work. All printing delivered free cf charge. Every descrij; tion of Job an! Commercial Lrinting done, and (sti nates cheerfully furnished. Address THE CHAMB2RLAIN PRINTING CO., ’ 284 Pavonia Ave, Jersey City, N. J- HAVE YOUR NAME PUT IN THE AMERICAN COLLECTOR’S DIRECTORY It wil. cost you but 20 CENTS, which includes your name, address, copy of the Directory, branch of col- lecting, ete. It willaiso bring you hundreds of free sample copies of magazines, papers, etc. Don’t wait but send at once. Write name plainly and state if you desire to correspond or exchange. W.H. PLANK, Publisher, WyanJotte, Kansas. S. JACOB, Naruratist, 119 AND 121 BELLEVUE AVE., NEWPORT, R. I. —— ND 2 CASINO BLOCK, NARRAGANSETT PIER, R. I. ¥e_Student’s Aquarium (marine and fresh water); how to make and manage, byS. Jabob, with catalogue of curiosities, shells, bird’s eggs, etc., on receipt of 19 cents. THE STRAWBERRY FOR THE SOUTH. HOFFMAN’S SEEDLING ! Most productive, large, of the best quality and UNE- QUALLED FOR MARKET. I offer strong plants, in large and small quantities, at reasonable prices. CaTTLEY GUAVAs and JAPAN MEDLARs; all the finest ROSES, in good, healthy plants; forty varieties of DwarF ORANGE TreEzs, Lemons, Limes, Etc. Address ARNOLD PUETZ, Greenland, Duval Co., Florida. IS IT THAT THE SUBSCRIPTION List of the AGASSIZ COMPANION is so large? Because we give you a handsome 16 to 22-page magazine filled with choice original articles of Popular Science every month. Issued the 20th of each month. Established 1886. The largest, cheap- est and best magazine of its class published. Only 50c a year. Sample copy 5c; none free. A” You can have your name inserted in our Amerizan Collectors Directory and THE COMPANION 1 year for GOc. W. H. PLANK,Publisher, Wyandotte, Kansas, Pht Sere NTIST: A monthly magazine by the Fitchburg Agassiz Ase sembly. Should be in the hands of every Agassiz member. Price 50c a year; 5c a copy; none free. rates on application. W. L. EMORY, Publisher, Fitchburg, Mass. PHOTO-ENGRAVING AND DESIGSING. GOOD WORK AT LOWEST PRICES! NEWSPAPER WORK A SPECIALTY! Illustrations for all purposes. We are offering EXTRA LOW rates at present to advertise our business. Correspondence on the subject desired. H. A. CARHART, Collamer,; N. Y. LOOK) QE! LOOK! Advertising 500 4x7 Circulars, by mail, 75c. 100 Letter Heads, 35c. 100 Envelopes, 30c. MIX BROTHERS, BUTLER, OHIO. P. S.—Special rates on larger orders. COLLECTORS! ===. 0 Large stock in Mammals (skins, skele- tons and skulls), Bird Skins and Eggs, Amphibia, Myriapods, Crustacea, Echin- oderma, Insects, Fossils, Shells (marine, land, fresh water), etc., etc., from various trans-oceanic countries, especially ‘‘The Ancient World.’’ “Linnea” Institution for Natural History, BERLIN, GERMANY. Our Agent in the U.S. A.: HERMANN ROLLE, 33 Ave. A, New York City Will send Catalogues on application. HELLS, MINERALS AND FOSSILS, SEEDS, Bulbs and Plants. C. R. ORCUTT, San Diego, California, VI12 The West American Scienttst. yosert GILLOTTS Steel Plews FOR ARTISTIC USE in fine drawing, -. Nos. 659 (Crow quill), 290 and FOR FINE WRITING, 291. Nos. 303 and Ladies’, 170. FOR BROAD WRITING, Nos. 294, 389 and Stub Point, 849. FOR GENERAL WRITING, Nos. 332, 404, 390 and 604. Joseph Gillott & Sons, 91 John St., N. Y. HENRY HOE, Sore AGENT, Sold by ALL DEALERS throughout the World. Gold Medal Paris Exposition, 1878. A. WENTSCHER, ‘GENERAL COMMISSION FORWARDING AND SHIPPING. San Diego, Cal. RE YOU FOND OF USING TOOLS OR Tinkering? If So send One Dollar for THE UNIVERSAL TINKER AND AMATEUR’S ASSIS'I- ANT. Tells Amateurs about turning and lathe work, Painting, Staining, Book Binding, French Polisbing, Wood Finishing, Fretwork, Amateur Printing, the Magic Lantern, ete. Single copies i0 cts. Address HODGSON & BARWUOD, 294 Broadway, New York, N. Y. IT WILL PLEASE soy or girl and your neighbor’s boy or girl to receive a paper ‘‘all their own.” Try sending them the YOUNG IDEA The best low-priced juvenile magazine published; 12 pages, 36 columns, monthly, illustrated, only 50 cts. a year; sample free. Address THE YOUNG IDEA, Grant C. Whitney, publisher, Belvidere, Ill. | watch inthe world. Per- FREE “keeper. Warranted. Heavy. oe @ solid Gold Hunting Cases, E\\\\ Elegant and magnificent. yi) Both ladies’and gents’sizes - “with works and cases of: equal value. ONE PERSON in each locality can secure one E B&H. How is this possible? We answer—we want one per- Z son in each locality, to keep in their homes, ae ena ¥ those who call, a complete line of our valuable and very useful HOUSEHOLD SAMPLES. These samples,as well as the watch, we send free,and after you have kept them in.your home for 2 months and shown them to those who may have called,they become your own property; it is possible to make this great offer, sending the SOLID GOLD watch and COSTY samples free, as the showing of the samples in any locality, always results in a@ large trade for us; after our samples have been in a locality for a month or two solid GOLD WATCH we usually get from $1000 to $S50@00 in tradefrom the | surrounding country. This, the most wonderful offer ever known,is made in order that our samples may be placed at once where they can be seen, all over America. Write at once, and makesure of thechance. Readerit will be hardly any trouble for you to show the samples to those who may call at your home and your reward will be most satisfactory. A postal card on which to write us costs but 1 cent and after you know all,if you do not care to go further, why noharm isdone. Butif youdo send your address at once, you can secure F REE one ofthe best solid gold watches fi n the world and our large lineof | COSTLY SAMPLES. We pay all express, freight, etc. | Address GEO. STINSON & CO,, Box'812, PORTLAND, MAINE, CAPITAL PAID IN, if _W. H. CLARKE, | Hiram Mabury, LOnsolidated National Bank. = $250,000. SURPLUS FOND, - =: 290,000. | Undivided Profits —-— - 79,961 BRYANT HOWARD, - - - - President. | EK. W. MORSE, = - = Vice-President. | JOHN GINTY, = - - - - Cashier. Assistant Cashier. —DIRECTORS.—— O. S. Witherby, John Ginty, James McCoy, Bryant Howard. E. W. Morse, 8. Levi, o> - kes’ Exchange 0 all the Principal Citing of America and eugpe bought and sold. The Savings Bank. OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY. In the Consolidated Bank Building, corner o: H and Fifth streets. $100,000. CAPITAL, : {OFFICERS:-?: - President. Vice-President. Secretary and Treasurer. James M. Pierce, Geo. A. Cowles, John Ginty, : IDIRECTORS:-: H. Mabury, E. W. Morse, James M, Pierce, Bryant Howard, O.S. Witherby, Geo. A. Cowles, James McCoy, Interest Allowed on Deposits. Money Loaned on Real Estate. : Rion: Student of Nature should Sub-_ scribe for THE SWISS Gross Organ of the Agassiz Association; Edited Ly the president, Harlan H. Ballard. Beautifully illustrated, simple, popular in style, reliable and accurate. $1.50 a Year. Issued Monthly, With this magazine, $2.00 a year. WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST, San Diego, California. CHANCES TO SWAP. Notices inserted under this head for five cents per line for each insertion; fifty cents per line charged by the year. Only ‘exchange notices ac- cepted. Address, ——# . What have you to exchange for a rem- edy that will cure Catarrh and Hayfever ? Address, Mrs. E. E. YATES, Sharon, Wis. Books wanted by the editor. NOTES ON MOLLUSKS OF ZHE vicinity of San Diego, Cal., and Todos Santos Bay, Lower California, by C. R. Orcutt, with comments by Dr. W. H. DAtb. With plate. Price, 25 cents C.R.CRcurmT, San Diego, Cal [aj tp28: The Wes Bae 0 The West American. Scientrst. ae cee oe Gousclidated National Bauk. CAPITAL PAID IN,. - $250,000, /SURPLUS FOND, - = £450,000. Undivided Profits .-— - 79,961 (BRYANT HOWARD; --= =) +2.0e: = diResidenk ik. W. MORSH, 2 : 2 - Vice-President. JOUN GINTY, (2° > OFS eerie W. H. CLARKE, : = E Assistant Cashier. —_ DIRECTORS == | . O. S. Witherby, John Ginty, James McCoy, Bryant Heward. Hiram Mabury, E. W. Morse, 8. Levi, hes Exchange on all the Principal Cities of America and ®urope bought and sold. The Savings Bank. OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY. In the Consolidated Bank Building, corner of Hand Fifth streets. CAPITAL, $100,000. :-:OFFICERS:-: ~ President. Vice-President. John Ginty, - - Secretary and Treasurer. : {DIRECTORS*-: H. Mabury, E. W. Morse, James M. Pierce, — Bryant Howard, O. 8S. Witherhby, Geo. A. Cowles, James McCoy, Interest Allowed on Deposits. Money Loaned on Real Estate Every Student of Nature should Sub- seribe for Pa THE SWISS Cae. Organ of the Agassiz Association; Edited Ly the | president, Harlan H. Ballard. Beautifully illustrated, simple, popular in style, reliable and accurate. $1.50 2 Yeur Issued Monthly, With this magazine, $2.00 a year. WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST, San Diego, Caiifornia. CHANCES TO SWAP. Notices inserted under this head for five cents - per line for each insertion; fifty cents per line charged by the year. Only. exchange notices ac- cepted. s Address, : . What have you to exchange for a rem- edy that will cure Catarrh and Hayfever ? Address, Mrs. E. E. YATES, | Sharon, Wis. Books wanted by the editor. NOTES ON MOLLUSKS GF son “pieeo, ca, of San Diego, Cal., and Todos Santes Bay, Lower California, by C. R. Orourr, with comments by Datu. With plate. Price, 25 cents C.R,Orcurr, San Diego, Cal. fyi * tere > Nes a rur ob * : yn v : ; 2 = 3 , * a 4 a ms ., oe ‘ el a a, ; 214% . tee ih ae re ta: Sen eee oe ae 2 a ; Reskc ius ‘ : : = ‘ ; & ~ ° : ¢ 7 : id a , 233 , ‘ ry < = - ; . ‘ = hale Be .~ 2 2 F re ‘ if 7 ; a ! - * * os ew : : ; ‘ : o : ’ = : i ~ - 5 : =- P _ a= . ; . - » o ® ; 7 ~ a ok : ‘ } _ ~ x a , 7 ‘ ba! : 7 - . 5 ss - 7 . 7 7 + . . . 7 “ss + ’ . ws : . + S Z es a s 7 : ‘ + + . ~ ~ -4 he : - ' ‘ . : r * 4 -_- 7 , so ey oat £ oom: 1a x - . 4 ’ ee a = o€ ' ' <= Ah ._ : « t : * 7 . 2. and ® « ‘ - ~ PP ps ‘ tae ~ ' 7 =e » a 7 « a ~ ‘ 7 ‘ : . ae «2 = Merl. ve 7 : ast = 2 . - a = . 7 =, fay Dee “SF ‘ - . wr “ 1 aoe an 7 7 x feed Le ; er. ro ly 27 ¥ * —* “ « ’ ~_ * 7 . 1 . rm 3 = 4 . « - 7 . 2 7 - - * _ 7 “sg. “ . . - 7 > . = ~ : a a . 7 eo ~ od - rs i i - ~ -~e * 2 ad howto: eh or? a a 7 7 shen a cee eer ranny 7 ; : ; -- =. 7 ; on = . “ ° 7 Aye Se wis : « tee Oe + me * * . ~ Q 7 . -% . a 7 - . ~ — - sete Z : : = = * ~— -* - ms te * 6 us - jin < oes ~ 7 7 ~~. eee bined Mein ee Vim. x ae aa ence Oh - = Sa , a nn ree gem fre th we ie a 4 he as 7 ~~. « “ me # SS Pe s - ++ a ito gpl ang a ~ ‘2 - - - 4 me te oe P =e are 7 Ct a tlie R= tee mate" et ra. *e* . a Ogg? _—, 2 aoe - - bn net 2 a mt a =~ oe * “. 7 <—e * - - . eae! = Pm ee corr : a : j = = ow Mane 25. arene ye oe ally - ~ ms Sg an ks fi Mebane eee Reiag =: wae eh ~; Se eye ce Me hae iret Daren) we . “ Sete wr em eat . - “ty mee On ——? 2) bet Ae On ie : 7 oan eh ye a es = PT ee atta - : - Guertinee met re 7 ay os ir Gao age ee: Fn ee wet pte er 7 wt wer ent eae ped, ee ane — et a r 7 ated hte “+ eee —— wa i el en ee ee : ie © er ed a mai Lie allah e Pe we pa ui “or a + ° peptin MAN e H 0* impo om J seen watt Habe! : Rd Neti eer + er ati Hw § ee eae sae edt i eg eee he eereer ee eo ne ot aed we ert ens eee © Ne ee ee a ee “ ge an * 7 cul 6 ee eed . bene natin ms ' ~ Diy be trea en tty ial ee - megyaiiey 7 my yer -” th Sa spol A AP eR ag em ew eae ee rete om Fe ee Te en eee | ead — ee arate tM wed Benet HIE ide ie nan are Sp ~ ae ee ST oe sank ee ee me ot eee re id ee ee eee Sn ee ae - gat a RO SE 6 et ae ee % ay ore ges ee knn O~ ® Syrah sant Gyn here pen ne = rats es ee EE COAL ete ee Oe! HOS Per ag? merger Or = Nees gow he add Sik ah niall ea ee