QH 95.3 & .W516 —_ : MOLL Woz A woucan SconrDagn Vib (whale wo. “le, Aus. 4 res Hot WN} MAY 3.0 1989 i LIBRARIES 1 AN RN | ie -Votume Mb a AUGUST, 1889. — _ WHOLE No. 46. as popular monthly review and record he the Pacific Coast. aeead Organ of the San Dicer ue Natural Hi lead d rH Athy C. R. ORCUTT, The Oak of Coston Poem): at 1 Seti e altuna ead ; By sy os 9 Some Beetles of San Diego County, a --+-L. O. Howard 87 The Trees of British Columbia .... - Briefer Articles-—Presentiments; Encouraging Shonika: Recent and Sub-fossil Shells of the Colorado: Desert; Ants i in| Gardens ‘ vit 92 Dhara of Scientific Societies... Mad Se a 5 ‘No. 208 Post Sreeer, eco Catir. ; No. 1034 Fifth Sted S , Diego, Calif. Of Molin brary py: 4 Lopatecki 88 ANGLO-NEVADA 4 ASSURANCE + CORPORATION. — OF SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. FIRE AND MARINE. Capital Fully Paid, $2,000,000. OFFICE 410 PINE STREET. LOUIS SLOSS, - miler es - - - - re Uti President.. C. P. FARNFIELD, - . : - . ec - Vice-President. Bs BCA RE pie aie lai Da ih Se armiee |e eatas cA teste Secretary.. BANKERS: The Nevada Bank of San Francisco. THE KVEWING BULLETIN SAN FRANEISCO, CAL, ESTABLISHED 1855. ; Is the leading evening journal in circulation and influence west of the Rocky Mountains. Itis the recognized authority in mercantile and financial circles. Its high character, tone, and general worth — commends it to, and has obtained for it, an entrance into the refined and cultured home circles, and made it the most popular family newspaper in California. |The only journal publishing the Supreme in i Court decisions in full. Mert nen ot Se THE WEEKLY BULLETIN y5 the largest and best weekly newspaper published in the west, and is in every respect a first-class family paper, appealing to the interest of every member of the household. ac Che Semi-Weehly Bulletin is the regular Weekly Bulletin an ats Friday’s issue of each week. bate LS ‘ ree ge eal Fire eae Tablet a at 25 cents per week. Daily, by mail or express, -- = = per year, $6. 00. By Weekly, alone, - Sb vi 5 ric MORE de RE hep 4,50. af Weekly, with Daily of Pride ili an ee eats (2:00 Parts of a Hear in proportion . Advertising Rates made known on application. y SAN FRANGISGO. BULLETIN Go. en : 622 MONTGOMERY STREET, ven i SAIN FRANCISCO, Cc The West American Scientist. yosePH GILLOTT 6 Steel Plens FOR ARTISTIC USE in fine drawing, Nos. 659 (Crowquill), 290 and 291. FOR FINE WRITING, Nos. 303 and Ladies’, 170. FOR BROAD WRITING, Nos. 294, 389 and Stub Point, 849. FOR GENERAL WRITING, Nos. 332, 404, 390 and 604. Joseph Gillott & Sons, 91 John St., N.Y. HENRY HOE, Sore AGenrt, Sold by ALL DEALERS throughout the World. Gold Medal Paris Exposition, 1878. A. WENTSCHER, GENERAL COMMISSION FORWARDING AND SHIPPING. San Diego, Cal. RE YOU FOND OF USING TOOLS OR Tinkering? If So send One Dollar for THE UNIVERSAL TINKER AND AMATEUR’S ASSIS'T- ANT, Tells Amateurs about turning and lathe work, Painting, Staining, Book Binding, French Polishing, Wood Finishing, Fretwork, Amateur Printing, the Magic Lantern, etc. Single copies 10 cts. Address HODGSON & BARWOOD, 294 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Pee rites richie ieee If you Cut This Out! oe will to us # with only ten cents, (silver or stamps) wwe will send you for six months, THE 8 YOUNGIDEA, the brightest and best juv- senile magazine published. Itis handsomely illustrated and contains the most delightful “& of stories. , WHITNEY, Pub., Belvidere, Il. COLLECTORS Who wish to obtain first-class. Eur opean or African Natural History Specimens will oblige by sending class of desiderata to DR REED, Jr., Ryhope, Sunderland, England. ~ £85 Solid Gold Watch. Sold for $&£ GO, until lately. Best $55 watch in the world. Perfect timekeeper. War- granted. Heavy Solid Gold ZA Hunting Cases. Both ladies’ ge and gents’ sizes, with works and cases of equal value. One Person in each lo- caltiy can secure one free, together with our large and val- uadle line of Household Samples. These samples, as well as the watch, we send Free, and after you have kept them in your home for @ months and shown them to those who may have called, they become your own property. Those who write at once can be sure of receiving the atch and Samples. We pay all express, freicht, etc, Address Stinson & Co., Box 812, Portland, Maine. Consolidated National Bank. CAPITAL PAID IN, - $250,000. SURPLUS FUND, - - 50,000. ‘Undivided Profits -— - 75,961 BRYANT HOWARD, - . - - President. | J. H, BARBOUR, - - Vice-President. JOHN GINTY, - - - - - Cashier. | W. R. ROGERS, . - Assistant Cashier. —DIRECTORS.—— O. 8. Witherby, John Ginty, Hiram Mabury, James McCoy, E. W. Morse, —— az Exchange on all the Principal Cities of America and @urope bought and sold. The Savings Bank. OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY. In the Consolidated Bank Building, corner of Hand Fifth streets. CAPITAL, - - = $100,000. 2 OFFICERS:-: E. W. Morse, - - - - . President J. H. Barbour, - - - Vice-President John Ginty, - - Secretary and Treasurer IDIRECTORS:-: O.S. Witherby, } James McCoy, H. Mabury, E. W. Morse, Bryant Howard, Interest Allowed on Deposits. Money Loaned on Real Estate ORCHIDS, CYCADS, 'Bulbs, Seeds and Roots. —— Dencrobium maccarthee; D. aureum; D. crumin- | atum; D. macrotachyum; Vanda spathulata, etc., etc.: | each cluster, 50 cents—by mail, 75 cents. Cycas revoluta and Cycas circinalis stems of all sizes from | $5.00 to 50 cents. Lilies—Pancartium, Gloriosa , methonica, each, 50 cents, by mail. Price list on ap- plication. NATURAL HISTORY. Biri skins of over 40 species peculiar to Ceylon, mounted or unmounted. Curiosities, bird’s eggs, shells, bones, etc., ete. An assorted collection of 24 species of bird skins by mail for $45. All orders should he be sent to C. R. ORCUTT, Editor The West American Scientist, San Diego, Cal- _ifornia, of whom nurserymen and florists can obtain | circular on application. Coffee, Thea, Cocoa, Cin- chona, Peppers, Palms, etc,, etc. Fresh seed always in stock. ‘Tree Ferns and Lycopods. J. P. ABRAHAM, Nurseryman & Florist Grand Pass, Colombo, Ceylon. IT 1S IMPORTANT For collectors to know where they can purchase spec- mens the cheapest. We invite ali to send for our illustrated price lists, etc. STEARNS’ CURIO SHOP, Headquarters for Low Prices, LKADOR, IOWA. The West American Scientist. Banks for SCIENTISTS and NATURALISTS BEGINNINGS WITH THE MICROSCOPE. A Working Handbook containing Simple Instruc- tions in the Art and Method of Using the Mi- croscope, and Preparing Articles for Examin- By Walter P. Manton, M. D. Illustra- 50 cents. ation. ted. FIELD BOTANY. A Handbook for the Collector Containing Instruc- tions for Gathering and Preserving Plants, and the Formation ofa Herbarium. Also complete instructions in Leaf Photography, Plant Print- ing, and the Skeletonizing of Leaves. By Walter P. Manton. Illustrated. 50 cents THE HUNTERS’ HANDBOOK. Containing lists of provisions and camping para- phernalia, and hints on the fire, cooking uten- sils, etc.; with approved receipts for camp cookery. By ‘‘An Old Hunter.” 50 cents. WHAT IS TO BE DONE. A Handbook for the Nursery, with Useful Hints for Children and Adults. By Robert B. Dixon, M. D., Surgeon of the Fifth Massachusetts In- fantry; Physician to the Boston Dispensary. 50 cents; Paper, 30 cents. INSECTS. How to Catch and How to Prepare Them for the Cabinet Comprising a Manuel of Instruction for the Field Naturalist. By Walter P. Manton. Illustrated. 50 cents. TAXIDERMY WITHOUT A TEACHER. Comprising a Complete Manuel of Instruction for Pieparing and Preserving Birds, Animals, and Fishes, with a Chapter on Hunting and Hy- giene; together with instructions for preserv_ ing Eggs and Making Skeletons, and a num- ber of valuable Receipes. ton. Illustrated. 50 cents. By Walter P. Man- | OUR COMMON INSECTS. By A. S. Packard, Jr. New Edition, with illustra- tions. 1 vol., r2mo, cloth, $1.50. FERNS 1N THEIR HOMES AND OURS. | A popular introduction to the study of this fascina- ting subject. Fully illustrated. 1 vol., r2mo, cloth, $1 50. KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN BIEKDS. 3y Elliott Coues, M. A., M. D., Ph. D. Contains a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known on the continent north of the boundary line between Mexico and the United States, including Greenland. Third edition, revised to date. With which are incorporated General Ornithology, and outline of the structure and classification of birds; and Field Ornithology, a manual of col- lecting, preparing and preserving birds. The new edition presents the nomenclature of the American Ornithologist’s Union, in the most convenient form for comparison with that of other editions, Illustrated, Coues’ “Key” is too well known as a lead- ing and authoratative treatise to require re- mark, having for twelve years held its place as the standard work ot reference for prefes- sional ornithologists as well as for students and amatuers. The latest and most exhaustive American Ornithology. Indispensable to every sportsman, amateur and working orn- ithologist. 1 vol., royal octavo,vellum cloth, $7-50 THE COUES CHECK LIST OF NORTH | AMERICAN BIRDS. With dictionary of the etymology,authography and orthoepy of the scientific names. Revised to date and entirely rewritten by the author 1 vol., royal 8vo, cloth, $3.00 Sok SAL eee SAMUEL CARSON é C@™ 208 POST STREET. San Francisco. THe West American Scientist. VoruevI. AUGUST, 1889. No. 46 IHAGNOSIS OF A NEWVAQSPECIES: (OF (SNAKE (LICHANURA ORCUTTI), FROM SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CHRAORN A: The snakes belonging to the superfamily, Boioideze or Pero- poda, the ‘‘ boiform’’ snakes characterized by the presence of rudiments of posterior extremities, are represented in the North American fauna by a few forms only. On the whole continent north of Panama there are only known about fourteen species belonging to seven genera, but of these only one species has hitherto been recorded from the United States, viz: Charina plumbea, B. and G., which ranges from Sonora to British Colum- bia. To this we may nowadd Lichanura myriolepis, Cope,which occurs in the neighborhood of San Diego, and a new species of the same genus, which I have named in honor of its discoverer, Mr. C. R. Orcutt. A detailed description with figures and com- parison with allied species will shortly appear in the ‘‘ Proceed- ings of the U. S. National Museum.” The Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution in charge of the museum, Professor G. Brown Goode, has kindly permitted the following reprint of the diagnosis of this interesting species, copied from advanced sheets of the ‘‘ Proceedings :”’ “LICHANURA ORCUTTI sp. nov. ** Scales in 33 to 35 rows; eye encircled by g or 10 scales; ‘‘loreals 4; labials 13-15; gasterosteges 232; anal entire; uros- teges 45, entire. ‘* Hapirat:— Colorado Desert, San Diego county, California. ‘“ TypE:—U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 15503; C. R. Orcutt coll., April, *“ 1889. ‘‘Rostral plate very prominent, recurved, pentagonal, its ‘nasal border twice as long as its labial. “Of the forms which compose this genus the present species “appears to be the most highly differentiated, the most distinc- ‘“tive feature being the elongation of the snout, and the promin- ‘fence and shape of the rostral.”’ Leonhard Stejneger. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, WASHINGTON, D. C., June 24, 1889. 84 The West American Scientist. ON THE MEDICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME CALI FORNIA PLANTS. Editor of the WEsT AMERICAN SCIENTIST:—We beg to ac- knowledge receipt of your favor, and in reply thereto, we beg to state as follows: Conchalagua or canchalagua is, as you mention, the Erythraea venusta, Gray, but more popularly known as California Centaury, Californian Pink, etc. Medicinally it posesses valuable antiseptic and febrifuge prop- erties and is in high repute as a bitter tonic and stomachic, but we see no reason for considering it to be the ‘August Flower’’ so extensively advertised. [We have been informed that such was the case—EDITOor. ] In regard to the other plant mentioned by you, Golondrina, we find that several species of Euphorbia, mostly the E. albomar- -ginata, Torr. and Gray, and the E. prostata, Ait., have acquired a reputation as antidotes for Snake poisoning, under the names of ‘“Golondrina”’ and ‘“Gollindrinera” [E. polycarpa, Benth. is thecommon Golodrina of the Mexicans of Southern and Lower California.—EDpITor. ] The latter name has been applied also to the Chelidonium majus, Linné, and the Euphorbia maculata, Linné, is known in some districts as Golondrina de Filipinas, or Gatas-Gatas de Filipinas. In the case of these last two plants however, we find no record of their having been employed as snake-bite remedies. Larrea Mexicana, Moricand, is popularly known as the creosote-bush or stinkweed, and is credited with being possessed of valuable properties for the treatment of rheumatism and syphilitic diseases. Trusting that the above will be of interest, we are, very truly yours, Parke, Davis G& Company. SOME NOTES"ON THE GERTIARY” FOSSH Ss 7 CALIFORNIA.—I. THE SAN DIEGO WELL. In the early days of the present city of San Diego, California, a well was sunk to a depth of 160 feet, at the corner of Ash and Eleventh Streets, which for a time formed the source of the water- supply of the then small town. The depth reached was not far from the present sea-level, and it may be well to add that the well is situated at the mouth of one of the small canyons, opening out upon the lower mesa, upon which is built the business portion of our city of to-day. Mr. Henry Hemphill, the indefatigable student and collector of our west coast mollusca, was then, as now, a resident of San Diego, and present to examine the debris as it was brought up from the well. At the depth of about ninety feet a stratum of Some Notes on the Teritiary Fossils of California. 85 indurated sandstone was passed through, in which was found moo of various shells, together with a few well preserved fossil shells. At a greater depth, from 140 to 160 feet, came a rich variety of well preserved shells imbedded in a usually rather soft matrix, composed of loosely aggregated grains of sand or fine sandy mud, occasionally hardened by infiltration of lime-bearing water. The following is a list of the species obtained from this well by Mr. Hemphill, as they were identified and published in the Pro- ceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Vol. V, pp. 296-299, 1874, by William H. Dall. Glottidia albida, Hinds. Xylotrya sp. indet. (Tubes only.) Cryptomya Californica, Conr. Dentalium hexagonum, Sby. a semipolitum, B. and S. Solen rosaceus, Cpr. Solecurtus Californianus, Conr. Myurella simplex, Cpr. Macoma expansa, Cpr Callista sp. indet. (smooth, thin and inflated. Much like C. Newcombiana. ) Cardium centifilosum, Cpr. Venericardia. borealis, Conr. Lucina Nuttallii, Conr. ‘« borealis, L. ‘s tenuisculpta, Cpr. Cryptodon flexuosus, Mont. Modiola recta, Conr. Arca microdonta, Conr. Nucula sp. n. Cpr. (like N. tenuis. ) Acila Lyalli, Baird (frequently reported as A. castrensis, Hds.) Leda caelata, Hds Pecten hastatus, Sby. Amusium caurinum, Gld. Janira florida, Hds. Ostrea*conchaphila, Cpr. Placunanomia macroschisma, Desh. Tornatina eximia, Baird. Cylichna cylindracea, L. Siphonodentalium pusillum ? Gabb. Calliostoma annulatum Martyn. Galerus filosus. Gabb. Crepidula navicelloides, Nutt. : princeps, Conr. (not C. grandis of Midd.) Turritella Jewettii, Cpr. Bittium asperum, Cpr. 86 The West American Scientist. Drillia sp. indet. ins “ “c (as ia ce «c ec ce Surcula Carpenteriana, Gabb. Mangilia variegata, Cpr. 3 sp. indet, ce «ec (73 «¢ oe cc ae ce ce Clathurella Conradiana, Gabb. Odostomia straminea, Cpr,, var. ie sp. indet. Turbonilla torquata, Cpr. Eulima rutila, Cpr. Scalaria subcoronata, Cpr. Cancellaria sp. indet. ce 6 «“ ce ce ia Neverita Reclusiana, Petit. Sigaretus debilis, Gld. Ranella Mathewsonii, Gabb. Olivella boetica, Cpr. Nassa fossata, Gld. “« — mendica, Gld. Astyris tuberosa, Cpr. i sp. indet. Ocinebra lurida, Cpr. Pteronotus festivus, Hds, Trophon orpheus, Gld. Fusus (Colus) Dupetit-Thouarsi ? Kiener. Chrysodomus Diegoensis, Dall, n. sp. ‘ n. sp (too imperfect to describe.) The following additions to the list of species from this well were reported by Dall, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1, pp. 10-16: Venericardia monilicosta, Gabb. Janira dentata, Sby. Cylichna alba, Brown. Turritella Cooperi, Cpr., var. Turbonilla stylina, Cpr. Other additions to the list are incorporated by Dail (1. c. pp. 26-30) in substantially the same list as was published in the Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci,, which I note as follows: Clementia subdiaphana, Cpr. Lucina acutilineata, Conr. Nucula exigua, Sby. Volutopsis sp. indet. Some Beetles of San Diego County, Cal. 87 Mamma nana, Moller. Cadulus fusiformis. Pecten expansus, Dall. The stratum from which these fossils came is probably at least seventy feet in thickness in places, and the bed is of wide extent as is shown by the fossils which have been found in nearly every well that has been sunk in San Diego. The fossils from this San Diego well will be found of great im- portance in the study of both recent and fossil shells from other localities. €. R: Orcutt THE OAK OFM UYAMACA: [A MEMORY OF A CAMPING TRIP. ] A grand old oak of the mountains gave as Free-hearted, both light and shade, and fuel; Its sturdy boughs, rich draped with foliage, Were a screen by day from the sun’s red rays, And at night, when moon and stars were o’er us, The heart of the brave old tree was aglow With flame, as if it would the stars outvie In beautiful play of color and light. For fire was kindled its branches beneath, And its grand trunk, as a chimney-back served, And seemed destruction to defy; From its radiant glow, the night winds caught A genial warmth, and with magic power Diffused the sweetness of repose around The tired traveller, and restful slumber Brought unto the weary-eyed. Thus, a shade by day and a light by night, Like the pillar of fire and the cloud, that For a favored race, from bondage led the way, Was the grand old oak in its majesty. With all our thoughts of beauty and grandeur, The memory of that mountain monarch Of the woods, is cherished and treasured now. .£. SOME BEETLES OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY CAL. [The following is a list of some beetles collected on the Color- ado desert and in the vicinity of San Diego city,during April and May, 1889, by the editor. Our field notes as to the host plants, exact localities, and date of capture were unfortunately lost. EpDITor. } Calosoma peregrinator, Cotalpa ursina, Eleodes armata. Saprinus lugens. “* acuticauda. Podabrus comes. 88 The West American Scientist. Necrophorus nigritus. Telephorus ingenuus. e marginatus. Leptura spheericollis. Cantharis magister. Creophilus villosus. . lugubris. Platynus cupreus. a smaragdula. Silpha ramosa. Calospasta perpulchra. ““~ opaca. Phodaga alticeps. Cysteodemus armatus. Epicauta puncticollis. Megetra opaca. Tetraopes femoratus. Telephorus consois. Argoporis bicolor. Trichodes ornata. Cerenopus concolor. Scyphophorus yucce. Dermestes mannerheimi. Chrysochus cobaltinus. Pterostichus lustrans. Hippodamia convergens. Cycloneda abdominalis. Gastrophysa czsia. Haltica carinata. Carpophilus pallipennis. Pristoscelis suturalis. Schizopus letus § & oJ a sordidus. Hololepta yuccateca. L. O. Howard. U. S. NATIONAL MuSEUM, JUNE IT, 1889. THE TREES OF BRIGGSH COL UMBTA. (For the WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST.) The great island of Vancouver, the largest isle on the west coast of America, surrounded by many satellites of smaller order, especially in the Strait of Georgia, and the mainland of the province, compare favorably in respect of forests, to any State, province or country, either in North America or in Europe. This great and magnificent province of British Columbia, now brought into communication with eastern parts of the Dominion through the Canadian Pacific Railway, contains such a variety of plants from the magnificent Douglas fir to the modest cow- slips that the future botanist of British Columbia, will find here a most luxuriant field for study. The short account of some of the trees and other plants given here is written with the purpose that the numerous readers of the West AMERICAN SCIENTIST may form an idea of the magnitude of botanical life in this remote province. The writer of these lines has been but a short time in British Columbia, consequently the account of plants will be found to be very incomplete; still the author will endeavor to present as many facts as possible, either from his own observations, or from those gathered by the Government Department of Agriculture. In the province of British Columbia the Coniferz are to be found in great profusion. Among them the first place belongs to the Douglas Spruce, sometimes called Douglas fir, Douglas pine, and Oregon pine (Pseudotsuga Douglasii), a magnificent tree, often over 250 feet high and 30 feet in circumference, and whose bark is sometimes 9 or 10 inches in thickness. This tree grows very rapidly, and is divided by the woodman into two kinds, yellow and red. The first has a reddish-yellow, knotty The Trees of British Columbia. 389 heart, and is less durable than the red one. Pseudotsuga Doug- lasii grows mostly in the southern parts of the province, also on the mainland coast and on Vancouver Island, but is not to be found on Queen Charlotte Islands. Menzies’ or Western Spruce (Picea Sitchensis), very similar to the Pseudotsuga Douglasii, grows chiefly on the coast, and is found also in the Gold and Selkirk ranges. The wood is white, and the tree grows to a very large size. . The Western Hemlock or Hemlock Spruce (Tsuga Mertensi- ana) occurs on the coast, also on Fraser river and the Selkirk and Gold ranges. On Queen Charlotte Islands it reaches the the height of 200 feet. Its timber splits obliquely, and decays in the atmosphere, but the bark is very valuable for tanning, Engelmann’s Spruce (Picea Engelmanni) occurs in the eastern and interior parts of the province, and forms dense forests in the mountains to the level of nearly 4,000 feet in elevation. The tree is very tall and straight, and the wood durable. The Great Silver or Western White Fir (Abies grandis) clings to the coast, but reappears also in the southeast of the province, It isa large tree, but the wood is soft. Abies amabilis, a species most resembling it, grows in the valley of the Fraser river, and on Silver Mountain, Yale. This tree is in some cases confounded: with Abies Subalpina or Mountain Balsam. The Mountain Balsam (Abies Subalpina) is found in the Gold and Selkirk ranges, in the Rocky Mountains, and in the northern portion of the interior plateau; sometimes in localities nearly reaching 4,000 feet in elevation. The Mountain Weymouth or Western White Pine (Pinus monticola) is found in the Columbia River region, and also inthe interior of Vancouver Island. It makes excellent masts, and its wood resembles that of the eastern white pine. The so-called White-barked Pine (Pinus albicaulis) is a small tree,and grows at a very great elevation. Not always distinguished from this species is Pinus flexilis, the Rocky Mountain Pine. The Yellow Pine, sometimes called red, and pitch pine, is Pinus ponderosa, var. scopulorum. It is a magnificent tree, remarkable for the heaviness of its timber. Its bark is reddish- brown, and half the shaft branchless. It is found in the dry regions of the mainland, and on the slopes up to 3,000 feet. The Scrub Pine (Pinus contorta) is a coast tree, and grows on sandy dunes and rocky points. The “‘interior’’ variety of this tree, the so-called Black Pine (Pinus Murrayana) extends further north than any other pine; it covers great areas of poor soil, and sometimes is found on the hills over 3,500 feet high. In the in- terior of British Columbia, the trees are 100 feet in height, but their diameter is only about two feet. The Western Cedar, also called red or giant cedar, (Thuya gigantea) abounds on the Columbia river, on the Gold and Sel- go The West American Scientist. kirk ranges, along the coast, and also in the northern interior. It is a stupendous tree, sometimes 150 feet high and 15 feet thick, generally hollow. The wood is reddish-yellow, and splits easily into plank, and is used for shingles. The Indians use it for canoes, and out of its fiber they weave their blankets. The Yellow Cypress, commonly called yellow cedar, (Thuya excelsa) grows principally on the coast, also in the interior of Vancouver Island and on the west coast of Queen Charlotte Islands, It is of a pale-yellow tint, and has a strong resinous smell, so that the voracious toredo will not attack it. It is used for ornamental purposes, and also for boats, and the indians use it for making their carved totem-stick. The Red American Larch or Western Tamarack, (Larix oc- cidentalis) is a noble tree, and its timber is highly valued. It occurs in the interior, on the Gold and Selkirk ranges, and in the Rocky Mountains. ~ The Mountain Larch, (Larix Lyallii) grows in the Cascade and Rocky Mountains, and forms the last belt of timber above 7,000 feet high. There is a third species of larch in British Columbia,the Black Larch(Larix Americana),which grows in the Rocky Mountains, in the Peace River region. It is a very small tree. The Juniper, or Western Red Cedar, (Juniperus occidentalis) abounds in the Columbia Valley, on the east coast of Vancouver Island, and also along the shores of the lakes in the interior. The Common Juniper (Juniperus communis, var. Alpina) is found from the Rocky to the summit of the Selkirk Mountains. Among other trees, valuable as hardwood, the most important is probably the Maple (Acer macrophyllum), found on Van- couver and Queen Charlotte Islands, and also on the mainland coast up to 55° It is a magnificent tree, and grows to a very large size. ‘The Vine Maple (Acer circinatum) yields strong, white wood, suitable for helves. It is very common in the val- ley of the Fraser River, on the west coast, and on Vancouver Island. The Torrey (Acer glabrum) grows chiefly on the west side of the Rocky Mountains, about the sources of the Columbia and on Vancouver Island. The Yew (Taxus brevifolia) occura on Vancouver Island, in the vicinity of Fraser River, and spars ingly on Queen Charlotte Islands. The wood is tough and of - beautiful rose color. The Alder is abundant everywhere in tha province. The Western or Red Alder (Alnus rubra) is a large tree in the valley of the Fraser River, and in the coast ranges ane islands. The Mountain Alder (Alnus rhombifolia) is common id the southeast of the province, the Common Alder (Alnus inn cana, var. virescens) in the Rocky Mountains, and the Green Alder (Alnus viridis) in the northern districts of the province. The Crab or Wild Apple (Pirus rivularis) occurs in the valley of the Fraser, on the coast, and on Vancouver and Queen Charlotte Briefer Articles. gt Islands. Its wood takes a good polish. From the Birch family we find the Western Birch (Betula occidentalis) very common in the Columbia Valley. The Dwarf Birch (Betula glandulosa) a small shrub, abundant all over the mainland; and the Canoe Birch (Betula papyrifera) which grows on Vancouver Island and in the region of the Fraser and Peace rivers. It is used by the Indians for baskets, boxes, canoes, etc. Except a few small trees, a mile and a half above Yale, on the Fraser, the only oak in the province is the Western White Oak (Quercus carryana), which is found on Vancouver Island, chiefly in its southeastern part. It is sometimes seventy feet high and three feet in diameter, though many of the trees are scrubby. The Westering Flowering Dogwood (Cornus nuttallii) is very common in the neighborhood of Yale and around Victoria, Van- couver Island. Cornus pubescens is abundant also at Victoria and in the Fraser River valley. The wood of the dogwood, or dogberry as it is sometimes called, is used for inlaying and orna- mental work. The Arbutus or Madrona (Arbutus menziesii), sometimes fifty feet high and twenty inches in diameter, is chiefly found on Vancouver Island and neighboring isles; in the vicinity of Victoria, on the Esquimalt road, the arbutus is very common. It isa beautiful tree, with evergreen leaves and reddish bark. The Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) is a small trailing and evergreen shrub, growing in dry and rocky places, chiefly in the northwest of the province. The berries are mealy and form a principal part of the food of bears, grouse and prairie chickens. Arctostaphylos tomentosa grows in dry and rocky localities of southern British Columbia and on Vancouver Island. From the Poplar family, the American aspen or Tremulus poplar (Populus tremuloides) abounds in the interior, and also in the north. It reaches sometimes a thickness of two feet. The other varieties of poplar in British Columbia are commonly called the cottonwood. Populus trichocarpa is common in Columbia and Fraser River valleys. Populus monilifera and Populus balsamifera are to be found in the northern and north- eastern parts of the province, and also in the valley of the Lower Fraser. Herewith I conclude this article on some of the trees in British Columbia. It is only a general outline I give to the readers of the West AMERICAN SCIENTIST,though at some future time I in- tend to furnish a careful description ofall the plants, if possible, which are to be found in this magnificent province. M. LOPATECKI. BRIEFER ABTICLES. PRESENTIMENTs— From an article by Rev. J. M. Buckley in the July Century on ‘‘ Presentiments, Visions and Apparitions”? we quote the following: ‘‘ Since that experience, in many voy- 92 The West American Scientist. ages I have made it an object to inquire of travelers and others concerning presentiments, and have found that they are very common, occasionally fulfilled, generally not so; and that it is the tendency with practically all persons who have had one presenti- ment come true to force themselves into all, and to become ty- rants over those dependent upon them or those traveling with them. It is to be frankly admitted that no matter how vivid the supposed presentiment might be, its non-fulfillment would not demonstrate that there are no presentiments which must have originated external to the mind of the subject; but having been led by my experience to induce many persons to defy such feelings without a single instance of reported evil results, it confirms strongly the hypothesis of their subjective origin. “That presentiments are governed by no moral principle in the character of the subjects to which they are applied, the persons who receive them, the occasions upon which they are given, and their effects, is apparent. The most immoral have claimed to ‘have them, have communicated them to others, and they have sometimes been fulfilled by events from which the persons hav- ing them have derived great personal advantages. The best of men have had presentiments, but the great majority of good people have not; and the greatest calamities which have befallen most persons have come without any warning whatsoever, except such as could be inferred from existing situations. Experience, foresight and guidance by ordinary sagacity have been all that mankind have had to rely upon; and to be governed only by these, combating or disregarding presentiments, impressions and powerful impulses for which no foundation can be found in the nature of things, is the only safe and stable rule. ENCOURAGING SCIENCE— The Vermont Microscopical Associa- tian has just announced that a prize of $250, given by the Wells & Richardson Co., the well-known chemists, will be paid to the first discoverer of a new disease germ. The wonderful discovery by Professor Koch of the cholera germ, as the cause of cholera, stimulated great research throughout the world, and it is believed this liberal prize, offered by a house of such standing, will greatly assist in the detection of micro-organisms that are the direct cause of disease and death. All who are interested in the sub- ject and the conditions of this prize, should write to C. Smith Boynton, M. D., Secretary of the Association, Burlington, Vt. RECENT AND SUB-FOSSIL SHELLS OF THE COLORADO DESERT —In crossing the basin of the Colorado Desert in June, 1888, the editor made a considerable collection of the fresh water shells, in a sub-fossil state that are found strewn in such numbers over portions of the desert. Amnicola protea, Gould, was found by the million, and several quarts of this small* shell were easily gathered—scraped up off the ground where the wind had blown them together. With them were numerous specimens of Amni- Proceedings of Scientific Societies. 93 cola longinqua, Gould, Anodonta Californiensis, Lea, and a species of Physa and Planorbis were also abundant. At Salton, 250 feet below sea level, we were greatly surprised to find numerous valves of Solecurtus Californianus, Conr,, along with the fresh water shelis. It is a difficult problem to solve how bota marine and fresh water shells, apparently of the same age should be found together at this place. A few miles away a sin- gle valve of an indeterminable marine shell was also found, and Dr. R. E. C. Stearns reports finding not only Solecurtus, but also a single specimen of Ocinebra Poulsoni at Indio, a station on the Southern Pacific Railway, a few miles west of Salton. It will be necessary to study the topography ot the whole region very carefully before it will be safe to form theories based on these facts. In a spring at Dos Palmas the Physa and Amnicola protea, Gould, were both found living in water at about eighty degrees of temperature. Anodonta Californiensis, Lea, has been found living in Arizona, and is reported also from the Mohave River in the Mohave Desert. We may expect to find it therefore in some portion of the Colorado Desert when that region is more fully explored. The miocene beds along Carisso Creek furnish marine forms in great abundance, but are of a different age and formation from the fossils obtained at the above locality. C. R. Orcutt. ANTS IN GARDENS.—Regarding the damage done by ants in gardens and seed beds, the remedy depends to some extent upon the species of ant and its method of work and manner of living. If it is a species which nests in the ground, it can best be attacked with bisulphide of carbon. Pour a table-spoonful into each of several of the orifices, covering the nests with a wet blanket, and after ten or fifteen minutes exploding the vapor at the mouths of the holes by means of a long handled torch. L. O. Howard, Acting Entomologist. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ea Division of Entomology, WASHINGTON, D. C. JUNE 28, 1889. PROCEEDINGS OF SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES. San Francisco Microscopical Society, June 26, 1889. President Payzant occupied the chair. Frank E. James, M. D. and Professor H. M. Whelpley of St. Louis were present as visi- tors; also, M. R. Roberts of San Francisco and L. M. King of Santa Rosa, The President announced, with regret, the death of F. L. Howard, for many years a member of the society. 04 The West American Scientist. Dr. James, who is attending the convention of the Americar Pharmaceutical Association in this city is well known to all mi- croscopists by his able contributions to this branch of science. He gave an interesting account of a phenomenal class of cry- stals produced from salicine by the extreme cold method as dis- covered by him several years ago, and exhibited a series of slides with the polariscope, which were pronounced by all to be the most beautiful crystallizations ever seen, The process de- pends on bringing a saturated solution of salicine made with dis- tilled water in contact with cold below the freezing point, and Dr, James’ explanation is, that the rapid congelation of the water in- terferes with the usual arrangement of the crystals, producing the wonderful series before alluded to, which are entirely unlike any forms resulting from crystallization at the ordinary temperature. The proper manner of making white zinc cement and permanent oxydized enamels for ringing slides formeda portion of his inter- esting contribution to the meeting. H. M. Whelpley of the St. Louis Microscopical Club also addressed the society on the subject ot the microscope in its relation to pharmacy, pointing out the rapid progress being made in the detection of adulterations and the interest manifested generally among pharmaceutists in studying the character and acquiring a correct knowledge of the crude constituents of the materia medica. Pond life was illustrated by numerous specimens of Ceratium longicornis, and the beautiful little organism, Artemia salina, or brine shrimp. Entomology was represented by prepared slides of the larva of several varieties of the Papilio family. Professor Hanks presented for examination a venerable edition of a work on Pharmaceutics published by Robert Lowell in 1661. Mr. Riedy donated a copy of Trembley’s work on fresh water Polypes, an exceedingly rare and valuable book, published in 1744. C. P. Bates; KeeSer BIBLIOGRAPHY. ANTHONY WoopwarD.—Preliminery list of foraminiferae from the post-pliocene sand at Santa Barbara, Calif., Journal of the N. Y. Micro. Soc., Jan, 1889. Twenty-eight species are given. WyYoMING’s RESoURCES.—An official publication, compiled by the Secretary of the Territory, has been issued as a guide for home seekers to the vacant public lands and contains descriptions of soil, climate, productions, topography, minerals, etc. Chey- enne, Wyo. T., 1889. 78 pp. 8 vo. ill. R. W. SHUFELDT.—Observations upon the development of the skull in Neotoma fuscipes; a contribution to the morphology of the rodentia. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. of Phil. 1889. pp. 14-28. two colored plates. From the author. Editorial. 95 RICHARD CHENEVIX TRENCH D. D.—English Past and Pres- ent. Humboldt Pub. Co., 28 Lafayette Place, New York. Nos. 108 and 109 of the Humboldt Library. This is another standard work added to the Humboldt Library Series—a work that has had a sale second only to “THE Stupy oF Worps’’ by the same distinguished author. Twenty editions of the latter and thirteen of the former, are the best evidences of the popularity of the works. The English language is spoken in almost every country of the globe, and seems destined to be the universal language of the next century It was the language used at the late conference in Berlin, supplanting French, until now the language of di- plomacy. A most interesting study, therefore, is the history of the English language past and present. THE ENGLISH SPARROW (Passer domesticus)—Bull. 1, Divi- sion of economic ornithology and mammalogy,-U. S. Dept. Agric. Prepared by W. B. Barrows, 1889. This work of over 400 pages shows how rapidly this bird has spread throughout the Eastern United States, and presents the larger portion of the lit- erature written from different stand points relative to its introduc- tion. It as yet has gained but a small foothold on this coast, where it is confined mainly to the vicinity of San Francisco. C. H. EIGENMANN— On the development of California food fishes. Amer, Naturalist, X XIII, 107-110. H. R. TayLor—Nesting of the white-tailed kite. Ornith and Oologist, xiv, go. E. D. CopE—On the mammalia obtained by the Naturalist ex- ploring expedition to Southern Brazil. Extracted from the American Naturalist, February, 1889. The vertebrate fauna of the Equus beds. Extract from the same. Gives a list of the species found in the Oregon Desert, (2) in the country of the Nueces, S. W. Texas, and (3) in the valley of Mexico. EDITORIAL. The tin mines of the United States are beginning to attract the attention of both American and foreign capital. The annual im- portation of tin in the United States exceeds $21,000,000 ; while vast deposits of ore exist in California, Nevada, Dakota and Texas, awaiting development. Several large English syndicates, and also a heavy Chicago company, are now preparing to make these mines produce the tin consumed in this country. The editorial association of Southern California held its mid- summer convention in San Diego on the gth, roth and rith of July, devoting the days to excursions in the vicinity of San Diego and the evenings to business sessions. The gth we par- ticipated in a pleasant excursion from Hotel del Coronado over 96 The West American Scientist. the Coronado Railway to National City and thence to the Mexi- can boundary in the Tijuana valley, where the ladies received the official stamp of the Mexican customs on their handkerchiefs. Returning, a beautiful spread of fruits and flowers. and more substantial edibles, provided by the ladies of National City, was found awaiting us under the olive trees of Mr. Warren Kimball, to which ample justice was done. On the roth an excursion around San Diego bay in the steamer Manuel Dublan was en- joyed through the courtesy of Capt. Scott. The 11th, the asso- ciation visited El Cajon and Lakeside, viewing a section of the famous San Diego flume and the orchards and vineyards of the valley. A report of a discovery of a member of the great boa con- strictor family having reached the daily press, our friends rather cruelly hint that we are in the habit of “seeing snakes.’’ Such is fame ! Dr. Stephen Bowers, of the California Mineralogical and Geo- logical Survey, was in attendance at the editorial corvention, and we had the pleasure of making his personal acquaintance. He recently visited the Colorado Desert at Indio, where a new spec- ies of Helix in a sub-fossil condition was found among the granite boulders of the hills. A still more important discovery was made by the doctor in his ethnological researches on the side of the San Jacinto mountain at the edge of the ancient lake, His Indian guide here pointed out to him numerous stone “fish-traps,’’ made by the ancestors of the present race of Indians. We hope to give our readers soon a more detailed description of this interest- ing discovery. The kindly words of the editor of the Standard of Chicago, one of the leading religious weeklies of America,sshowing an apppeci- ation of our work upon the SCIENTIST,are very gratifying to our vanity. We shall hope and strive to merit all the praises of our contemporaries, but we have not yet been able to present our ideal magazine. We must look to our contributors and corres- pondents for friendly criticism and assistance in making the SCIENTIST all that its friends would desire. NOTES ANDYWEWS. Henrich Gustav Reichenbach died at Hamburg, Germany, May 6th, at the age of sixty-five. He was the recognized authority on orchid nomenclature, and was widely known for his extensive knowledge and writings on orchids, to the study of which he devoted a great portion of his life. Reichenbachia, the sumptuous periodical devoted to orchids, was named for him and he was connected with it at the time of his death. Charles Fasoldt, the well-known maker of clocks and scientific News and Notes. 97 apparatus, died at his home in Albany, N Y, May 13th, aged seventy years. He was born in Dresden, Saxony, February 234, 1819. Professor Walley states as his belief that tuberculosis might be transmitted by fowls’ eggs. The foundation walls of the front building of the Academy of Sciences are now completed, so that work on the superstructure of both front and back buildings is now in progress.— Buzlding Auvertiser, San Francisco, June, 1889. The California Florist and Gardener has been consolidated with the Pacific Rural Press. ‘Our Greatest Inventor” is the title which John Habberton gives to a comprehensive article upon Ericsson in the July num- ber of the Lippincott’s Magazine. The builder of the Monitor, and the inventor of the propeller and the caloric engine, has cer- tainly great claims upon the gratitude not only of this country but of the world. An instructive article upon ‘‘ Farming among the Pueblo In- dians,’’ describing the primitive methods of agriculture and the happy-go-lucky manner of life among that ancient Indian tribe, is given in the American Agriculturist for July. A quaint illus- tration shows the buildings of a Pueblo Indian community at Taos, New Mexico, the houses joined together, even built one on top of the other, having few windows and doors and generally entered through the roof by a ladder— just as their ancestors built their homes centuries ago. Their farming methods are equally behind the times, but are carried on in a manner fully satisfactory to themselves. Dr. Edward Palmer has been severely sick at the hospital of the Good Samaritan in San Diego. His friends will be glad to learn that he is better at this writing. The Department of the interior, Census Office, Washington, D. C., requests all members of the medical professions to apply for physician's registers, now ready. Every M. D. should assist in furnishing the statistics called for, and should apply at once. The only way to identify the nest and eggs of any small bird is to shoot either parent. This is especially true of humming- birds. L. Belding. Dr. Eigenmann reports an earthquake at San Diego at 3 A. M. June 25th. Dr. Parry has been visiting the Lemmon herbarium at Oakland. Dr. Harkness, president of the California Academy of Sciences, recently visited San Diego. ey : : * ; re ae it ay bee Fecctitah oes BL? oat i side? sdptyl iss Ae cinta ail av a TEV ite! 7 sm yas + hy * i’ isiyT i rey ii rs tes , tic 0k Mii; , f ) ! a as | ye hey, ie ica eal ‘ risky me 1) GRY ie ieee te +} (Pals scp Al 1c Bs ; J i i. faye A ys ies or wa j rival a af HS ‘ ba yey ry oP eres s! “| ‘ = -4,)) ’ ‘ t oR wy . ii anes ‘ 2c ‘ | ” fi i EY tae ut? é ve rat as) fart i? 14 oo Aa We fares Tebeiindbes § °°? Ay ey eS a it aale ogee. is: Aviat ast Fike a i) sya is an + ae. 1 Pse, The West American Scientist. ALL FOR 25 CENTS. A fine Indian Arrew-head, Piece of Pottery, Star- fish, Sea-urchin, Shark’s Egg, 3 minerals, Chinese Coins, 14-page price-list of curiosities, etc., copy of COMMON'SENSE, a 16-page magazine for collectors, bility, Appearance a 35c per year. F. A. THOMAS, Publisher, and Service, to Se arg Mexico, New York. any $75.00 Watch. SS Philadelphia’s BY bisingssoce ROYAL PALM NURSERIES po! =. i Saatd The finest anid most extensive collection of Tropi- building it up Filled CHAIN cal and Scmi-Tropical Plants in America. Many and making it i8guaranteed to wear aday ted to Southern California. More than 20 varie- CTONFDFC s . 20 Years, and is 334% ties of bananas. 150,00U one year old palms. Fruit, ae alee 14-Karat Solid Gold ornamental and economical plants from Australia, gh ceséteration |" Took for the stamps Japan, Hong-Kong, India, South Africa, South Ameri- carefully & eco- —K.W.C.Co. 14K. FLO.— ca and all parts of the tropical world. 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Sold : | d ith lv ed ll nS through authorized agents at respondence wW ith ac vanced co ectors % $38.00. Either all cash down and professors of colleges solicited. Best or $1.00 per week. iv satisfacti = Spang Sy of reference given and satisfaction guar free with each Watch. ae anteed or money refunded. Keystone Watch Club Cowl) | = G. K. GREENE, Own Building, i 904 Walnut St. alo ae 170 East Third St., New Albany, Ind. vera le de te gentsWanted “I eS PORTRAITS. atch Insulatoy 7S€\ fis] | YOUR HOME MADE BEAUTIFUL A perfect protection 1 By adorning them with the Hite ceneh teat FACES OF LOVED ONES. by mail on receipt of price. ~ mm We refer to any Commercial Agency h¥ The New York Arti:ts’ Union is the only organiza- es a = tion doing genuine Crayon, Pastels and Oil Portraits mes T. Whittle. D. F. Jones. | of friends living or dead, from photographs, tin-types or any correct likeness, They can fill, and therefore JO N ES & W H PP rLE solicit orders from all parts of the United States. Con- scientious work on the smallest as well as the largest a 0 U SE AN D S | G K PA | N Tl N G contracts is their rule. Satisfdction guaranteed or 3 | no pay required. All work done by Graduated Paper Hanging and Decorating, Artists, Now is the time to send your order. Send Se Kalsomining and Oil Finishing | for our illustrated circular of prices, etc., to Sree and nae’ a eee : The New York Artists’ Union, 821 Seventh St., San Diego, Cal. Mention this paper] 10 East 14th St., New York. NEW DIRECTORY !! E are engaged in compiling a NEW Cologists’ and Ornithologists’ Direc- tory, to be issued August 5th, 1889. We desire the addresses of all Collect- ors. Names inserted free. Do not neglect this opportunity to increase your col- lections by exchanges from all parts of the world. Exchange notices a special feature, 10 cents each for 25 words or less. Extra words at same rate. This will be the largest and best Directory ever published. Order now. A limited num- ber of reliable advertisements inserted at reasonable rates. Write for terms. Address all communications to MENEFEE & CORLESS, SAN JOSE, CALIF. The West Anierican Screntts, THE WESTERN EXCHANGE BUREAU. to} Books, Magazines, Indian Relics, Minerals, Stamps, etc., bought, sold or exchanged. Send two-cent | stamp for a copy of the Monthly Bulletin. Address THE EXCHANGE BUREAU, Orrville, Ohio. | OME TREATMENT FOR CONSUMP- TION AND NERVOUS DEBILITY.— Medical and Hygienic. Address with stamp, H. A. MUMAW, M. D., Homeopathic Physician and Sugéon, OrrvILLR, OHIO. —THE NAUTILUS:— For CONCHOLOGISTS. (Formerly ‘‘The Conchologists’ Exchange.’’) IMPROVED! ENLARGED! ILLUSTRATED! Issued monthly. Subscription $1.00 per annum H. A. PILsBEy, Editor, W. D. AVERELL, Manager. Mt. Airy, Philadelphia Pa. Address BIRDS, SKINS AND EGGS. EW PRICE LIST OF FRESH SOUTHERN CAL- ifornia Bird Skins sent for stamp. Charles H. Marsh, Dulzura, Cal. Our A, B, C’s—Accuracy, Brevity, Completeness. WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST “* Decidedly the best of its class.” An illustrated monthly magazine of popular science— the only one in the West. $1.00 year; 10 cents a copy. For shells, fossils, plants, bulbs, ferns, cacti, seeds, etc., address the editor, Chas. Russell Orcutt, San Diego, California. The Acme No. 3 Microscope, FOR FINEST WORK: With 3-5 inch and 1-5 inch objectives, 2 eye- pieces power 60 to 7U0O), glass slides and COVEMNy AM UCASE S fle dining o'w's's picie's + o's olaeeee $ 83.00 With same outfit, but with addition of the ; 1-15 oil immersion objective and substage condenser (power 50 to 1600) 150.00 No. 4 Microscope, As illustrated, a thorough instrument for professional or educational use: With 1 in.& 1-5 in. objectives, two eye-pieces (power 40 to 600), glass slides.and cov- ers in case .$05.00 The Acme No. 5 Microscope, An instrument of simple but thorough construction, with good lenses, and at a minimum cost: With 1 inch and 1-5 inch objectives, 1 eye- piece (power 40 to 360), in case &2Send for complete catalogue of Microscopes, sam- ple copy of the Microscopical Bulletin, and clearance- sale list. In the Acme Microscopes, we especially pride our- selves on the accu: ate sitting and smooth working of the focal adjustments, which are vital points in a microscope. Our rack and pinion is unexcelled for perfect action. JAMES W. QUEEN & CO., Manufacturing Opticians, 924 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. DO Soule aAD THE COSMOPOLITAN, That Bright, Sparkling .Young Magazine. The Cheapest Illustrated Monthly in the World. 25 Cents a Number. $2.40 per Year. THE COSMOPOLITAN is literally what the press universally callsit, ‘““The Best and Cheapest Illustrated Magazine” in the Worla, Subscribe—AN UNUSUAL OPPORTUNIT Y—Subscribe The Cosmopolitan, per year............+.-:- are Re Meroe hORAO! THE WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST, per year........---- I 00 The price of the two publications. ............ 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Send $2.75 to Samuel Carson & Co., 208 Post St., San Francisco, and se- cure both “The Cosmopolitan” and “The West American Scientist.” The West American IMPORTANT NC NOTICE, Botanists, Nurserymen, SEEDS MEN AND FLORISTS. —o—_ Cycas revoluta, C. circinalis (tree ferns), Alsophila, | crinata, A. gigantea, Cythea hemitilia, Dendrobium | maccarthee, D, Aureum, D, cruminatum, D. macro, stachys, Vanda spathulata, Vanilla phalarnopsis, Eria bicolor, Cleistoma maculosum, and over 40 of the best varieties of Lycopopiums, Ferns, Palms, Pandanus, Euphorbia, Opuntia, and other varieties | of seeds and plants supplied. We will pack and deliver free at any sea-port;: A case of 250 Orchids, 20 varieties............ $100 os 500 - 30 SPs ks « s:a:07s's 150 se 209 Cycas circinalis, stems 6 inches.. 100 ce 500) .“ “A, -to 12 SETGCIARS SEIU RN coed (atvin otuiaco cise) cfeiehs wise sss a1e\s's die-e « 250 A case of 1,000 Bulbs, 10 different varieties, such as Crium Oranatum, C. 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Mate SAMOE, CARSC No. | ators Post Street, \ Sans Francigoc (im H 3ooksellers, and : ee - ‘Stationers. i History of the College of 18 hana Worlds ot of the California. ‘Pacific Ocean, | BY S, 4, WILLEY, D. D. . CHARLES MARION TYLER, 4 Iti is now more than tw enty years since the College ‘of Califcrnia was merged into The Cai. fornia Uni- 3% versity. The Hi-tory of the old © llege is largely yy Leaetteraporaine ole: with the Early History. of “ube ‘State. * ‘The work is published by. Pubaeriiblon. ‘or vol, 8vo, 400 pages, cloth, paper label, - $4.00 5 PORES eg 4 enone. in sh CCP, -- 6,0U eliable, especially swith | iscovery, Ethnclogy Chronology, Ge- 2a, Population, and _ ucts of various e carats Ocean, Th Pp profusely tik California Tourists’ Guide. anaes Revised and brought down ‘to date; containing just such information as every Tourist wants, The Guide will, eotitain two maps of the city—one a bird’s eye view of Sen Franc sco and surrounding~-, the other a street map. Table of distances, rates of Aicadea hotels and routes of travel, etc, \ ‘ ; a. ‘ar de fiption: of the ‘Marine, Fresh Water ana Mollusks found in the United States, r i Me beet a f “170 pages, 16mo,_ cloth limp, $1.00; illuminated ts PAD covers, 5U cents. “California, Pictures” in Prose Big and Verse. BY BENJAMIN PARKE AVERY. “Quarto, peth.: B44 pages, beautifully illustrated with - Engiay ings atten SISNAREN EO Nature. $3.00. Galitornia, Three. Hundred and Fifty Years Ago. Maxvnt's Nanmarvs.. fs | Translated from the Portuguese bya a California Pioneer. ¥ is vol., 12mo. cloth, #1.¢ 50. The aie book ahenoves to be a translation of a recently discovered Poituguese- M3. giving a Sailor’s “Narrative of a Sojourn in: aman sand Life Among i a a tadioeae: 300 ; poe 0. aes \ " i sn ti Wy)? 7 iy \ fan easy ae WMNLNON