QH 95.3 : ae ' .W516 Ujesk Amorrea MOLL V.6 (ua ace | Die ad ey rae * Sectional Library VoiumeE VI. SEPTEMBER, 1889. WHOLE No. 47: 5 me me W est + American : Scientist. : A popular monthly review and record for the Pacific Coast. Official Organ of the San Diego Society of Natural History. C.R. ORCUTT, - - EDITOR. CONTENTS: PaGE The California Geysers......+-+ seeerereeeeeee Prof. Josiah Keep. 99 A New Species of Erigonum.......+++++s CRATE Re Dr. C.C. Parry. 102 Fauna and Flora of Colorado—I.....++++++5+ .T. D. A. Cockerell: 103 Anlaysis of Water from Buckman’s Springs.....-.. Geo, H. Colby. 107 To Working Entomologists....--++++e+s++++ Robert H. Lamborn. 107 Humming Birds of the Pacific Coast..+0+++-+++++eeees L. Belding. 109 On the Distribution of Planorbis Bicarinatus...Dr.R.Z.C Stearns. 110 Briefer Articles—A Moving Lake of Ice; the Sorghum Industry; Desiccation of the Dead; the Cliff Dwellers; Another Mammoth Cave; to Break up the Slave Trade; Uncertainty of “Electrocution.” ...0..-e cere cerceereeeees ence I12, 113, I14, 115 Proceedings of Scientific Societies.....+++.+-- bis vinietiean bia ha Abe * 115 Bibliography.....0. cesses eeeeeere eee ones Pa Da paaty k caletheh wareiae's 8 116 Editorial. .cc.. ce.cs0 ssscaseessseserateenernnecs coecne ceseus Maeig FAS Notes and NewS....sscees cceces cece ceneetseeceeersees cane ge vata’ IIg SAMUEL CARSON & CO., PUBLISHERS. No. 208 Post STREET, - SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF: No. 1134 Fifth Street, San Diego, Calif. PRICE 10 CENTS. PER YEAR, $1.00. [Entered at the Post Office at San Francisco as second-class matter.] SIHSONIE ; wei , we Vir y MAY 3.0 1989 LiBRARIED ANGLO-NEVADA ASSURANCE + CORPORATION, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. FIRE AND MARINE. Capital Fully Paid, $2,000,000. OFFICE 410 PINE STREET. LOUIS SLOSS sk fo ee Ooh iP ae ee CP; PARNFIELD) 08.) <5 -- > =p hoe a8 Mice coments DAPI NCTERRG iim nop 8 Ge Mie 1 pl) es cara eee BANKERS: The Nevada Bank of San Francisco. THE KVENING BULLETIN SAN FRANCISCO, CAL, ESTABLISHED 1855. Is the leading evening journal in circulation and influence west of the Rocky Mountains. Itis the recognized authority in mercantile and financial circles. Its high character, tone, and general worth commends it to, and has obtained for it, an entrance into the refined and cultured home circles, and made it the most popular family newspaper in California. The only journal publishing the Supreme Court decisionsin full. See T6E WEEKLY BULLETIN 1s the largest and best weekly newspaper published in the%west, and is in every, respect a first-class. family paper, appealing to the interest of every member of the household Che Semi-Weehty ooulletin is the regular Weekly Bulletin and Friday’s issue of each week. SaaS TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION THE DaILy BULLETIN is served by carriers in San Francisco and the large towns of the interior at 25 cents per week. Daily, by mail or gai ara et per year, $6.00 Weekly, alone, - - - - 9 L.50 Ee with Daily of Vda, a nf dy 2.00 Parts of a year in proportion Advertising Rates made known on application. SAN FRANGISGO BULLETIN Go. 622 MONTGOMERY STREET, ‘ SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. The West American Scientist. yosere GILLOTT Steel Plews FOR ARTISTIC USE in fine drawing, Nos. 659 (Crowquill), 290 and agr. FOR FINE WRITING, Nos. 303 and Ladies’, 170. FOR BROAD WRITING, Nos. 294, 389 and Stub Point, 849. FOR GENERAL WRITING, Nos. 332, 404, 390 and 604. Joseph Gillott & Sons, 91 John St., N. Y. ; HENRY HOE, Sore AGENT, Sold by ALL DEALERS throughout the World. Gold Medal Paris Exposition, 1878. A. WENTSCHER, GENERAL COMMISSION FORWARDING AND SHIPPING. San Diego, Cal, RE YOU FOND OF USING TOOLS OR Tinkering? If So send One Dollar for THE UNIVERSAL TINKER AND AMATEUR’S ASSIST- ANT. ‘Tells Amateurs about turning and lathe-work, Painting, Staining, Book Binding, French Polishing, | Wood Finishing, Fretwork, Amateur Printing, the Magic Lantern, etc. Single copies i0 cts. Address HODGSON & BARWOOD, 294 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Spiess’ aed GPEC Ee ELE ES at & wit Cut This Out! toc . with only ten cents, (silver or stamps) & we will send you for six months, THE & YOUNG IDEA, the brightest and best juv-®& | enile magazine published. Itis handsomely a illustrated and contains the most delightful & of stories. We make this offer to introduce, & 1 pola GRANT C. WHITNEY, rane Belvidere, Ill. Sade she kee ue nae a 5) U COLLECTORS Who wish to obtain first-class European or African Natural History Specimens wi!l oblige by sending class of desiderata to Dr. REED, Jr., Ryhope, Sunderland, England. #55 Solid Gold Watch. 7] Sold for S$ LO®, until lately. Best $85 watch in the world. War- ranted. Heavy Solid Gold Hunting Cases. Both ladies’ and gents’ sizes, with works \\\ and enses of equal value. ¥ ddne Person ineach lo- caltiy can secure one free, together with our large and val- uadle line of Hoeusehol? Samples. These saniples, as well as the watch, we send Free, and after you have kept them in your home for 2 months and shown them to thuso who may have called, they become your own property. Those who write at once can be sure of receiving the Watch and Samples. We pay all express, freight, etc, Address Stinson & Co., Box 812, Portland, Maine. Perfect timekeeper. 2 RAS EREEEEEEREPELS ‘CAPITAL PAID IN, Consolidated National Bank, = $250,000. SURPLUS FUND, - -_ 50,000. Undivided Profits - - 75,961 BRYANT HOWARD, - - - - President. J. H. BARBOUR, - - - Vice-President. | JOHN GINTY, - - - - - - Cashier. Ww. R. ROGERS, : - - Assistant Cashier. —DIRECTORS.—— O. S. Witherby, John Ginty, James McCoy, Bryant. Howard. Hiram Mabury, E. W. Morse, J. H. Barbour, —_-- fa Exchange on all the Principal Cities of America and ®urope bought and sold. The Savings Bank. OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY. In the Consolidated Bank Building, corner of Hand Fifth streets. CAPITAL, $100,000. :-:OFFICERS:-: E. W. Morse, - - = 3 a J. H. Barbour, - - 2 : John Ginty, - - President Vice-President Secretary and Treasurer : IDIRECTORS:-: O.S. Witherby, H. Mabury, James McCoy, E. W. Morse | Bryant Howard, Interest Allowed on Deposits. Loaned on Real Estate ORCHIDS, CYCADS, Bulbs, Seeds and Roots. Money Denarobium maccarthee; D. aureum; D. ecrumin- atum; 9. macrotachyum; Vanda spathulata, etc., etc.: each cluster, 50 cents—by mail, 75 cents. Cycas revoluta and Cycas circinalis stems of all sizes from $5.00 to 50 cents. Lilies—Pancartium, Gloriosa methonica, each, 50 cents, by mail. Price list on ap- plication, NATURAL HISTORY. Biri skins of over 40 species peculiar to Ceylon, mounted or unmounted. Curiosities, bird’s eggs, shells, bones, etc., ete. An assorted collection of 24 species of bird skins by mail for $45. All orders should be be sent to C. R. ORCUTT, Editor The West Amerie€an Scientist, San Diego, Cal- ifornia, of whom nurserymen and florists can obtain circular on application. Coffee, Thea, Cocoa, Cin- chona, Peppers, Palms, etc., etc. Fresh seed always in stock. ‘I'ree Ferns and Lycopods, J. P. ABRAHAM, Nurseryman & Florist Grand Pass, Colombo, Ceylon. IT IS IMPORTANT For collectors to know where they can purchase spec- mens the cheapest. We invite all to send for our illustrated price lists, etc. STEARNS’ CURIO SHOP, Headquarters for Low Prices, ELKADOR, IOWA The West American Scientist. Books for SCIENTISTS ant NATURALISTS. BEGINNINGS WITH THE MICROSCOPE. A Working Handbook containing Simple Instruc- tions in the Art and Method of Using the Mi- croscope, and Preparing Articles for Examin- By Walter P. Manton, M. D. Illustra- 50 cents. ation. ted. FIELD BOTANY. A Handbook for the Collector Containing Instruc- tions for Gathering and Preserving Plants, and the Formation ofa Herbarium. Also: complete instructions in Leaf Photography, Plant Print- ing, and the Skeletonizing of Leaves. By Walter P. Manton. Illustrated. 50 cents THE HUNTERS’ HANDBOOK. Containing lists of provisions and camping para- phernalia, and hints on the fire, cooking uten- sils, etc.; with approved receipts for camp cookery. By ‘‘An Old Hunter.” 50 cents. WHAT IS TO BE DONE. A Handbook for the Nursery, with Useful Hints for Children and Adults. By Robert B. Dixon, M. D., Surgeon of the Fifth Massachusetts In- fantry; Physician to the Boston Dispensary 50 cents; Paper, 30 cents. INSECTS. How to Catch and How to Prepare Them for the Cabinet Comprising a Manuel of Instruction for the Field Naturalist. By Walter P. Manton- Illustrated. 50 cents. TAXIDERMY WITHOUT A TEACHER. Comprising a Complete Manuel of Instruction for Pieparing and Preserving Birds, Animals, and Fishes, with a Chapter on Hunting and Hy- giene; together with instructions for preserv- ing Eggs and Making Skeletons, and a num- ber of valuable Receipes. By Walter P. Man- ton. Illustrated. 50 cents. OUR COMMON INSECTS. By A. S. Packard. Jr. tions. New Edition, with illustra 1 vol., 12mo, cloth, $1.50. FERNS IN THEIR HOMES AND OURS. A popular introduction to the study of this fascina- ting subject. Fully illustrated. cloth, $1.50. I vol., 12mo, KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. By Elliott Coues, M. A., M. D., Ph. D. Contains a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known on the continent north of the boundary line between Mexico and the United States, including Greenland. Third edition, revised to date. With which are incorporated General Ornithology, and outline of the structure and classification of birds; and Field Ornithology, a manual of col- lecting, preparing and preserving birds. The new edition presents the nomenclature of the American Ornithologist’s Union, in the most convenient form for comparison with that of other editions, Illustrated. Coues’ “Key” is too well known as a lead- ing and authoratative treatise to require re- mark, having for twelve years held its place as the standard work ot reference for prefes- sional ornithologists as well as for students and amatuers. The latest and most exhaustive American Ornithology. Indispensable to every sportsman, amateur] and working orn- ithologist. 1 vol., royal octavo,vellum cloth, $7-50 THE COUKS CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. With*dictionary of the etymology,authography and orthoepy of the scientific names. Revised to date and entirely rewritten by the author 1 vol., royal 8vo, cloth, $3.00 SOR SAE BE SAMUEL CARSON & CO, 208 POST STREET, San Francisco. THe West American Screnrisr. VoL. VI. SEPTEMBER, 1880. No. 47 THE CALIFORNIA GEYSER. The remarkable hot springs, which are commonly called by the above name, are situated in the north-easterly part of Sonoma county, some twenty miles from the southern extremity of Clear lake. The writer recently visited this spot, and so greatly en- joyed both the journey and the scenery that he would fain induce hundreds of others to go and do likewise. To reach the Geysers is not a difficult undertaking. We will suppose you are in San Francisco and that you come to the ferry at half-past seven in the morning. Step on board the large ferry-boat ‘‘Tiburon,’’ take a comfortable seat on the upper deck, and in a few moments the journey will begin. The whistle blows, the wheels revolve, the rudder directs the course of the boat to the north, and you are swiftly speeding past the city front with its crowded wharves and ware-houses and in a little time are feeling the gentle swell which comes in through the Golden Gate. On past Alcatraz, with its ramparts and its guns, and you are soon skirting along the western side of Angel Island. Ina little hol- low which comes down to the water’s edge is the military settle- ment, and there may be seen barracks,officers’ houses and store buildings prettily grouped around a central park, while on the side of a hill stands a little church, nestling among the oaks, and above this may be seen the white stones and crosses which mark the last resting places of soldiers who have died in the service. The whole forms a very peaceful picture, though the subject is grim and warlike. A few minutes more brings you to Point Tiburon, where you leave the boat and take the train, and presently you are speeding along the track of the San Francisco and North Pacific railway. The road winds among the oak-dotted knolls where it can, and plunges through the very heart of the hills where it must, until it reaches the pretty town of San Rafael. Quite a long tunnel is necessary to let you out on its northern side, and then you glide along the edge of salt marshes, with here and there a turn behind low hills, till you reach Petaluma. Some of the land which you have just passed is as rich as any in the State, as the sleek herds of cattle and heavily laden orchards plainly testify. And now you enter the broad Sonoma valley, where level and productive fields spread out for miles on either side; you pause a moment at the county seat, Santa Rosa, a thriving city in the 100 The West American Scientzst. midst of fertile plains, hasten past smaller towns, cross the Rus- sian river below Healdsburgh, where it turns away to the west to seek the coast among forests of redwood, and following its western bank you come to the town of Cloverdale. You are now near the head of the valley; the green slopes of the mountains are close upon you on the west and broken hills rise to the east. You have already passed in the distance the noble Saint Helena and many lesser peaks belonging to this eastern range of moun- tains, but here the valley has become so narrow that you are not surprised to learn that for many years this was the terminus of the railroad. Withina year, however, it has been extended some thirty miles further to Ukiah, the county seat of Mendocino county. Should you continue your excursion to that point, you would be amply repaid, for the road winds along the bank of the river in a most romantic fashion. Now you can look down into the clear water and see startled trout,now you pass under the boughs of giant oaks, again you are in the darkness of a tunnel, and in a moment look back on a huge cliff, whose base the river has been assaulting for centuries. The valley broadens at length, and the rich fields are green with hop-vines or covered with ripened grain or set with young fruit trees. A few miles beyond the city of Ukiah the hills close in again, and you are at the source of the Russian river, while just across the divide are the brooks which flow northward and form some of the numerous branches of the Eel river, which empties into the ocean near Eureka. But this part of the journey, though interesting, is not essential to a visit to the Geysers. The stage for the springs leaves Cloverdale soon after noon, and makes the journey of» eighteen miles in from three to four hours. You first cross the Russian river, and as you proceed to the hills you soon meet and ford one of its tributaries, the sulphur-tinctured Pluton. This stream comes down a great lateral valley from the eastern hills, and along the side of this valley, first on the north and then on the south, has been constructed the stage toll-road. It would be hard to finda wilder and more beautiful road in any of the val- leys of California. The curves are innumerable, the precipitous descents which it barely but safely avoids are sufficient to stir the blood of the boldest, while the grand old trees, oak, maple, and laurel, are majestic and inspiring. Especially as one is com- ing down the valley in the cool of the morning does the view seem superb. Were there no wonders beyond to be seen, the ride up and down the Pluton gorge is well worth the moderate price which is asked. But at length you smell sulphur, and know you are near the end of your journey. The hotel is be- fore you, a series of low but comfortable buildings in the midst of fine old trees, and on the other side of the brook you get a glimpse of columns of steam ascending from unknown sources, You are anxious to explore at once, but are advised to wait till the early morning; meanwhile you can visit the commodious The California Geysers. Iolr bath-house, and refresh yourself with a bath of steam, “hot from Tartarus,’’ and a swim ina tank of lukewarm mineral water, heated in nature’s own kettle. The next morning you are up before the sun, and taking a bas- ket of breakfast on your arm you set out to explore the mysteri- ous canyon. At various intervals along your path are springs of cold or warm water, each one having its own peculiar taste ac- cording to the nature of the minerals which are held in solution. Sulphur compounds, soda and alum, with salts of iron and mag- nesium are the principal ingredients. From some of the springs the beverage is so hot that you must cool it before putting it to your lips, and in general you are satisfied to sample the water rather gingerly. The product of one spring is called ‘‘hot lem- onade,”’ and it flows forth in a copious stream from the subterra- nean mixing bowl. You acknowledge the ‘hor,’ but are in- clined after atrial to discredit the appropriateness of the latter name. You prefer the somewhat more technical term “An acid- ulated solution of the double sulphate of aluminium and potas- sium.” However some people like to drink it Hot springs and steaming banks abound over quite a large region, but the largest and most violent manifestations are found in the bed of a side canyon, which comes down from the north to Pluton river. It is a deep, V shaped gorge almost devoid of vegetation, and iis steep walls are covered with masses of mineral matter, mostly of brownish yellow color, though varying in hue from white to jet black. Along the bottom tumbles a stream of hot water, which receives accessions from each new spring. Various small hot springs attract your attention as you enter the canyon, but your ‘nterest centers in the ‘Witches’ Cauldron,” about half way up the gulch. This is a basin some twenty feet square, partly filled with rocks and showing different degrees of activity on two of its sides. Next to the path, it is moderately quite, but near the bank it is in most violent commotion. A huge column of steam continually ascends from its surface somewhat obscuring the view, but as the wind shifts it a little, you get a view of the water, jumping, boil- ing, foaming, dashing, while from a cleft in the rocks at brief in- tervals spurts out a fountain of hot spray, which falls into and is mixed with the seething water below. The vastness and violence of the chemical changes which are going on underneath are no- where shown so clearly as at this point. The points of interest are numerous; one wishes to spend hours in examining these re- markable phenomena. Here is a kind of oven opening into the hill; you listen, and from within you hear the hoarse gurgle and groan of the imprisoned steam; here it comes whizzing out from beneath a rock, reminding you of the safety-valve of a locomotive; there on the bank is a gently steaming cleft, and around the out- let are the most delicate needle-shaped crystals of sulphur ar- ranged like frost work on a cold pane. In the water of one spring is a black, inky mud; in another are layers of rich brown, 102 The West Amcrican Scienist. pink, and purple, while a bright green water moss seems to thrive in the warm flow, and forms another color in the mass of brilliant tints. Here are layers of delicate, snowy crystals of Epsom salts, there are coatings of green copperas, and all about you are sug- gestions for a wondrously beautiful and harmonious carpet. Farther up the hill you find cool, shady trees, where you are glad to stop and rest,and then if you are disposed you can climb tne mountains and look off upon the blue waters of Clear lake. On your return to Cloverdale, you pass several bands of campers, who have pitched their tents near the river, and you commend their wisdom in selecting so romantic and attractive a spot. Deer are on the hills, trout in the streams, cool waters and shady streams abound, and the peace of nature is over all. From a scientifiic point of view the California Geysers are of great interest. To some they suggest the heated condition of the interior of the earth, but the irresistable conclusion which comes to the mind of one who studies all the phenomena is that the heat is caused by the decomposition of immense quantities of sulphur- ets contained in the surrounding and underlying rocks, and that the various minerals with which the waters are charged are the results of the varied and extensive chemical changes which are constantly taking place. Josiah Keep. A’ NEW “SPECIES OF ERECOCONOM(E. Past GIATUM) FROM LOWER ‘CALIFORNIA. Eriogoneae, so prevalent on the Pacific Slope of North Amer- ica as to give a peculiar feature to the vegetation of certain dis- tricts, diminish rapidly south of 32° N. Lat., being comparatively scantily represented in the ncrthern tier of Mexican States and disappearing entirely within the tropics. Being specially adapt- ed in their vegetative characters to a climate of winter rains and summer droughts, their southern extension is most prolonged along the line of the California coast range into the peninsula of Lower California. Here the peculiar conditions of growth bring to view a variety of interesting forms, many of which have been made known from recent explorations. Having been supplied with very complete material by Mr. C. R. Orcutt, the following addition to the list is herewith submitted. ERIOGONUM FASTIGIATUM N. SP. Fruticose 3-6 inches high, fastigiatly branched from near the base and dichotomous above, younger stems densely /anose; leaves crowded below, more scattered above, linear lanceolate 3-5 m m in length, loosely hairy above, densely tomentose beneath strongly revolute, tapering below into a slender petiole with a broad membranous clasping base; involucres sessile in the upper axils, or terminal on the dichtomous branches, 2 mm in height, deeply five parted with accuminate segments, united below into Fauna and Flora of Cotorado.—I. 103 a membranous tube; perianth with broadly oval segments nearly equal, with short turbinate tube; bracteoles linear-hispid shorter than the pedicels; stamens nine, anthers redish, akenes narrowly winged, embryo not seen. A low, densely branched shrub, its slender fastigiate branches forming a flattened summit, with the remains of dead foliage be- low, flowers rather conspicuous, intermixed with the projecting dichotomous branches. To be placed inthe virgatae section though the inflerescence is mainly reduced to a single terminal involucre. Is apparently near to E. taxifolium, Greene,Pi Honia L267. C: R. Orcutt, No. 15or La Salada, Eower California, April, 1886. CG Parry: CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS “24 iZI5ST..0F THE FAUNA AND FLORA OF WET MOUNT- AIN VALLEY, @GOLOR ADO. Descriptive Pamphlet Free. Rumfcrd Chemical Works Providence, R, I. Beware of substitu and Imitations pas>Be sure the word ‘‘Horsrorp’s” is printed on the label. —All others are spurious —Never sold in bulk. The West American Scientist. IM PORTANT NOTICE. | Botanists, Nurserymen, SEEDS MEN AND FLORISTS. _ —o——_ Cycas revyoluta, C. circinalis (tree ferns), Al ophila, | crinata, A. gigantea, Cythea hemiti!ia, Dendrobium | maccarthee, D. Aureum, D. cruminatum, D. macro, | stachys, Vanda spathulata, Vanilla phalarnopsis, Eria bicolor, Cleistoma maculosum, and over 40 of | the best varieties of Lycopopiums, Ferns, Palms, Pandanus, Euphorbia, Opuntia, and other varieties | of seeds and plants supplied. We will pack and deliver free at any sea-port: | A case of 260 Orchids, 20 varieties............ $100 es 500 s 30 Oy . oamtele 150 aS 209 Cycas circinalis, stems 6 inches.. 100 a BOOM ee HET Atv dD, AAC MES ALI CHIN intel ala eae eobm crete lehiataia ys caked e's ws ale 250 A case of 1,000 Bulbs, 10 different varieties, such as Crium Oranatum, ©, Asiaticum, Pan- cartium, Gloriosa, Methonica, Alocasias, &c, 175 Coffea arabica, C, Liberica, Thea Asamica, T. Hy- | brida, T. in igenians, Cichona, Legeriana, Cardamo- | num pirernigram, Myristica, Clove of Commerce, | Caselpinia sappan, C. Dayidivi, E. coca, Theobroma | cooa, Cocoas mucifera, Vanilla planifolia, Sarcinia | maugostana, and over 50 different varieties of FRUIT | TREES. Price list of seeds and plants can be had on | application to C. R. ORCUTT, Se«d=maa, San | Diege, California, to whom all orders shou'd be | addressed, Also, Bird Skins and Eggs, Shells upplied from Ceylon and elsewhere. J.P. ABRAHAM, | | Bones, etc., Grand Pass, Colombo, Ceylo. ry! sea trade in all parts, by J piacing Our machines and goods where the people can see *~_ them, we will send free to one | =a person in each locatity,the very | best sewing-machine made in | the world, with al! the attachments | | We will also sendfreea compicte | A\ line of our costly and valuable art Eisamples. In return we ask that vou | @y show what we send, to those who | .may cal! at your home.and after 2 months all shall become your own | property. This grand machine is Ymade after the Singer patents, PA, which have run out: hefore patents % run outit sold for R93, with the aitachments, and now sells for PO. Best, strongest, most use- FR ful machine in the world. All 15 free. No capital required. Plain. orief instructions given. Those who write to us at once can se- cure «ree the best sewing-machine in the world, and the finest line of works of high art ever shown togetherin America, TRUE & CO., Box 740, Augusta, Maine. DR. LORYEA’S | AM #93 Paes enh o at once establish NEW HAMM For LADIES AND GENTLEMEN. 218 POST STREET, Bet. Dupont and Stockton, SAN FRANCISCO. —_o-— The Finest Turkish, Russian, Electric, and Medicated Baths in the City. Single Batb, $l. Six Tickets, 85. Open for Gentlemen, Dav and Night, Sundays includ- ed. For Ledies, from 8 A.M, to6 P.M. | generally. 10 THE WORLD TYPE-WRITER YOU CAN BUY THE WORLDroR$10.00 Single case Machine $Io 00; double case Machine writes 72 characters, Price $15.00; walnut case, $2.00 extra. dimple, Practical, Durable, Rapid. Machines sent by express, C. O. D., upon receipt of $1.co or more to guarantee charges. Send for Descriptive Circulars and Testimonials. THE SAMUEL HILL COMPANY General Agents, tee F 725 uistory suitding. Nall Francisca, General Dealers in Fine Linen Papers and Type- Writer Supplies, and Agenus for the *‘Caligraph”’ Type Writing Machine. Mention the Publication, THE OPEN COURT. Published Weekly at 169 LaSalle Street, Chicago, Ills. A Journal devoted to Science, Philosophy & Morals Send for Free Sample Copy. Price $2.00 a Year. P. O. Drawer F. BOOK CHAT! Brentano's, Publishers, 5 Union Square,N.Y. Book Chat contains montbly a complete index to the periodical literature of the world. Indispensable to Botanists, Conchclogists, Geologists and Scientists $1 ayear; 10c. fora single copy. THE—— AMERICAN GEOLOGIST ! IS A MAGAZINE Devoted to Geology and Allied Sciences--the only one in America—published by a number of Professio: al Geologists distribute] over the central part of the United States. Three Dollars a Year. Address THE AMERICAN GEOLOGIST, Minneapolis, Minn. YARIETIES of Beaded Buckskin and War Rel ics of the Sioux of Dakota, Apaches, Pueblo and Navajoes of New Mexico. A Jarge stock of Ore won and other States’ Stone Relics of all kinds. Ail the leading Minerals and Fossils of the Black Hills and Dako‘a Bad Lands. Wholesale and retail. Send for large, illustrated catalogue. L. W. STILWELL, Deadood, D: T The West American Scientist. San Francisco Chronicle, The Leading Newspaper on the Pacific Coast. The Circulation of the CHRONICLE is equal to that of all the other San Francisco Morning Newspapers com- bined. Steps —THE— SAN FRANCISCO DAILY CHRONICLE is the most impor- tant newspaper on the Pacific Coast, one of the few in the United States that may be said to stand in the front rank offi ‘American Journal-f ism, Harpers Mag, Oct; , 1888. ‘The Daily Chronicle, (including 16 page Sunday Edition) de- livered by carrier for 15 Cts. per week, in all principal Cit- ties and Towns on the Pacific Coast. BY MAIL, POSTAGE PAID. Daily Chronicle, I year, $6 70 6 mos. 3 35 Weekly Chronicle, I year, $I 50 s. © mos. 75 AN, M. KH. DE YOUNG, PRopr. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL, NEW DIRECTORY |! E are engaged in compiling a NEW Oologists’ and Ornithologists’ Direc” tory, to be issued August 5th, 1889. We desire the addresses of all Collect- ors. Names inserted free. Do not neglect this opportunity to increase your col- lections by exchanges from all parts of the world. Exchange notices a special feature, ro cents each for 25 words or less. Extra words at same rate. This wil] be the largest and best Directory ever published. Order now. A limited num- ber of reliable advertisements inserted at reasonable rates, Write for terms Address all communications to MENEFEE & CORLESS, SAN JOSE, CALIF. a PUBLICATIONS OF. SAMUEL CARSON @ CO. No. 208 The San + Francisco ‘ Book-House. A History of the College of California. BY S. H. WILLEY, D.D. It is now more than twenty years since the College of California was merged into The California ini- versity. The History of the old Onllege is largely contemporaneous with the Early History of the State. The work is published by subscription. 1 vol., 8vo, 400 pages, cloth, paper label, - $ 4.00 2 Sh *« «¢ & houndinsheep, - 5,00 California Tourists’ Guide. Revised and brought down to date; containing just such information as every Tourist wants, The Guide will cotitain two maps of the city—one a bird’s-eye view of San Francisco and surroundings the other a street map. Table of distances, rates of fare, hotels and routes of travel, etc. 170 pages, 16mo, cloth limp, $1.C0; illuminated paper covers, 50 cents. California Pictures in Prose and Verse. BY BENJAMIN PARKE AVERY, Qarto, cloth, 344 pages, beautifully illustrated with ‘Engravings after drawings from Nature. $3.00. California, Three Hundred and Fifty Years Ago. MaNvELO’s NARRATIVE. Translated from the Portuguese by a California Pioneer, 1 vol., 12mo. cloth, $1.50. The above book purports to be a translation of a recently discovered Portuguese MS. giving a Sailor’s Narrative of a Sojourn in Californiaan Life Among the Indians 300 years ago. Post Street, San Francisco. Publishers, sau ale” Booksellers, and Stationers, The Island Worlds of the Pacific Ocean, BY CHARLES MARION TYLER. With Maps and Illustrations. 1 vol., 8vo, 537 pages, cloth, - : $2.00 Some pains have been taken to make this work standard and reliable, especially with reference to the History, Discovery, Ethnclogy, Chronology, Ge- ography, Area, Population, and Products of various Islands of the Pacific Ocean. The work is profusely llustrated both with wood-cuts and lithographs. A Book for the Sea- side, the Lake, and the Forest. West Coast Shells. A familiar description of the Marine, Fresh Water, and Land Mollusks found in the United States, west of the Rocky Mountains. BY JOSIAH KEEP, A, M. (Professor of Natural Science, Mills College). At the sea-side, many pick up and admirea few. — shells without knowing anything of their name or nature, By'the aid of this book such aimless shell- gathering may happily be changed into 1 source of intelligent and elevating pleasure. The Frontispiece is a hand-painted engraving of the very rare ard beautiful Surcula Carpentcriana. The book contains upwards of 230 pages, and 200 Engravings, and is carefully printed on fine, heavy paper, and neatly bound in cloth. Price Postage Paid, $1.75 net. ae es te MOO