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VoL. VII. AUGUST, 1890. WHOLE No. 52.

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Wat! 112) VV Or. *

The scientist anticipates no great reward, other than the elevat-
ing thought, that by individual effort, he may draw forth some of
the great secrets of nature, and shape them so as to be of use to
his fellow man. The subject of this sketch was content with the
consciousness that he labored for humanity, and that his efforts
were appreciated by his associates.

Matthew Cookewas born at Bushnille, County Antrim, Ireland,
February 16, 1829. He attended the common schools until fif-
teen years of age, always standing wellin everything but English
grammar. From early childhood he was a great reader, espec:
ially of works on natural history and the practical sciences. He
emigrated to the United States in 1850, residing in New York city, |
where he was married, November 8, 1855, to Miss Anne McIn-
tyre. He was engaged in mechanical pursuits until 1862, when
he removed to California, where he has since resided, until his
death at his home in Sacramento, on the 25th of August, 1887.

In California Mr. Cooke became engaged in manufacturing, de-
voting at the same time some attention to useful inventions. In
1875 he became interested in the manufacture of fruit boxes with
Mrs. Mary E. Gregory, a wealthy lady of Sacramento, the firm

* The accompanying portrait is presented through the courtesy of the
Sacramento Record-Union,

28 The West American Sctenttst.

being known as Cooke & Gregory, but later as Cooke & Sons.
They soon built up the largest establishment of the kind on the
Pacific coast. He soon realized that a decided improvement in
the style of packages for shipping fruits was needed, and he in-
vented new boxes and crates which at once met the wants of ship-
pers. :

About this time the Codlin moth(Carpocapsa pomonella) threat-_
ened to destroy the fruit-growing industry, and Mr Cooke,
becoming interested in the subject, commenced a thorough inves-
tigation of the subject of insect pests, first ascertaining all that
was then known, and then working night and day in orchard and
vineyard to learn the life histories ot the pests. These investiga-
tions he continued for three years in various parts of the State,
accumulating a vast fund of entomological data, which he com-
municated to the press of the State, and which attracted great
attention.

January 6, 1879, he issued an address to the fruit-growers of
the State, in which he gave the results of his studies, and sug-
gested remedies for existing evils. This he furnished free to all
applicants until it became too great a tax on his purse, when he
supplied the work at cost. In November of the same year he is-
sued a larger pamphlet, giving the latest information on the in-
sect pests then troublesome in the State, distributing 10,000 copies
gratis. Mr. Cooke continued to agitate the subject through the
press until the state legislature, in March, 1881, passed laws for
the protection of hort:culture and made appropriations for the in-
vestigation of insect pests. Under these laws Matthew Cooke was
elected Chief Executive Horticultural and Health Officer of Cali-
fornia, a position corresponding to the office of State Entomolo-
gist in other States.

In October, 1881, he issued a ‘Treatise on Insects Injurious to
Fruit and Fruit Trees in Califor nia,’ of which 10,0co copies were
distributed bythe State. Professor Joly, an eminent French nat-
uralist, gave this work his endorsement, and recommended the
French government to embody it in a similar work for its people,
because of its simplicity and clearness.

Mr. Cooke was re-elected in 1881 and continued in office until
1883, when the State Board of Horticulture was established and
the former office was discontinued. He effected an organization
of the fruit-growers in 1881, and established the Agassiz Institute
of Sacramento, a society whose object was the diffusion of scien-
tific knowledge among boys. . |

In 1883 he published his large work on ‘Injurious Insects of
the Orchard,’ which is one of the most complete treatises on the
subject-that has ever appeared in any country. In this work he
was greatly assisted by Mr. D. W. Coquillett, a talented young
naturalist of Los Angeles, Cal., who wrote some of the chapters
and edited the entire volume. Mr. Coquillett also assisted in pre-
paring ‘Insects Injurious and Beneficial,’ which Mr. Cooke had
published for the use of the schools of the State.

Maithew Cooke. 29

In 1884 Mr. Cooke became horticultural and entomological ed-
itor on the Record- Union. Over three hundred and fifty com-
munications have appeared in this paper, in the Pacific Rural
Press and other journals, from his pen.

In 1880 the Record- Union remarked editorially: ‘Mr. Cooke
is neither an agriculturist nor a scientific man; yet he has devel-
oped into a self-made naturalist, and he has already been enabled
to confer great and permanent benefit upon the fruit-growers of
California. * * * It is by such unselfish and persistent in-
quiry and experiment that the most important discoveries are of-
ten made, and such self-taught naturalists as Mr. Cooke have
frequently conferred more benefits upon their generation than
more fully equipped scientists.’

Mr. Cooke enjoyed the confidence of leading entomologists ;
Comstock, Riley, Dwinelle and others, and of his official associ-
ates. He was aplain, genial and generous-hearted man, of heavy
frame and features. He was possessed of much native wit and
the most sociable spirit imaginable, but with enough firmness and
determination to conquer success in the face of apparently insur-
mountable obstacles.

His name will be revered so long as the commonwealth of Cal-
ifornia exists. I. W. Goding.

CHALE OF PACIFIC BEAta AND ITS EFFECTS.

In the Chautauqua talks on the relations of weather to animal
and plant life, Charles Barnard observes, that plants which in
New England will not grow two feet high, will in California
climb over the tops of houses, and give thousands of flowers,
where, about Boston, they rarely produce two dozen in one sum-
mer. Now this difference in the growth of the plants in the two
climates and its exuberance in California is not due as might
be imagined to any such cause as that which produces the luxuri-
ant vegetation of the tropics—great heat and moisture combined
—but to an equable temperature with an atmospheric humidity
that at times reaches as low a percentage as 5 per cent., anda
temperature medium that is constantly low, with cool nights and
the greatest possible amount of warm and bright sunshine whose
heat is tempered by continuous cool breezes. Rose trees and
grape vines have reached the greatest dimensions on the shores
of the sea. This beneficent eftect of the climate in stimulating a
healthy growth is not restricted to the vegetable kingdom, as the
animals of California attain to a larger growth much earlier than’
they do in the Eastern or the Western States. In the horse, for in-
stance, a two-year-old attains to the size, strength and endurance
of a three-year-old of the States east of the Rockies; the wonder-
ful development, physique, endurance, and speed of the Cali-
fornia bred horse were revelations totally unexpected to the
habitues of the eastern racing courses, and the climatic results

30 _ Lhe West American Scientist.

obtained in this line of physical development on the farms of
Senator Stanford,and others, have fully established this gift of the
climate. In man, the results are fully as wonderful; as nowhere
does man reach that amount of physical perfection that is reached
in this part of California. In no other clime does he reach the
same old age or enjoy such an uninterrupted long existence of
health and physical well-being with an absolute freedom from all
diseases; nowhere else does childhood go through the diseases
that beset it from the day of birth with such safety to life or to
the subsequent health. The usual diseases of childhood here lose
their virulence and fatality; diseases like scarlatina are never
followed by those sequelae that are elsewhere so fatal or crippling
to the future health. There being here no seasons, there is like-
wise an absence of all diseases that are peculiar to season or to
seasonal changes; neither the annoying abdominal affections of
the summer which leave the foundation for future organic disease
of the abdominal organs, or the acute or insidious chest diseases,
which elsewhere pave the way for phthisis are to be met with in
Southern California.

One great advantage that the youth enjoys with benefit to the
physique is the free and constant ventilation which is here pos-
sible; so that while at school—be it in dormitory, class-room or
recreation hall—the freshair isalways accessible. Thereare never
any high winds, nor is there ever what might be called a perfect
calm, so that the air is always in motion, and there is never such
a thing as a still air. There are never present those dark gloomy
. days so trying to the eyes and spirits of students. The constant
possibility to out-door exercise is someching of great importance,
as it can be said that there are hardly six days in the year on
which the sun doesnotshine for some part of the day, The char-
acter of the soil, by its hardness makes drainage a thing of the
greatest facility, so that soon after the hardest of showers there
is no mud, and even rubbers can well be dispensed with.

The lack of seasons and the continuous varieties of fruits and
vegetables that the climate here makes possible, prevents any of
those gastric or intestinal diseases, that are so common in the
East. Fresh fish, vegetables, fruits and the best of meats are
always in the market, and the youths are in no danger from any
tuberculous infection from either meat or milk, as during an
eighteen years’ residence I have neither heard of nor seen a
tuberculous cow or animal.

The regularity of the food supplies, the proper admixture of
the quaiity, and the evenness of the seasons never requiring any
change as to the nature of the diet, all tend to a moderation and
temperance both in the matter of food and drink that tells wonder-
fully on the physique and promotes perfect health, and in the end,
the most vigorous of old age. The researches of Bowditch, of
the Massachusetts State Board of Health, into the question of the
use of intoxicants—an enquiry so extended that it covered the
whole of the civilized globe—fully established the fact that the

p

Climate of Pacific Beach and ls Effects. or

habit was something that was fully controlled by climatic causes,
as it was found on tabulating the results, that the habit followed
certain isothermal lines with as much regularity as certain species
of the vegetable kingdom follow the isotherms or are influenced
by the snow line. Itisan established fact that for sobriety no
lands excel the mild and even temperatured shores ot the Medi-
terranean, where in the classic language of Bell, ‘the populace of
the cities and of the country are to be seen quaffing their lemonade
or simply acidulated water with a gusto at the time, and an
hilarity of expression afterwards that to the northern races is
something simply inconceivable.’ In this regard the shores
of Southern California are justly entitled to the name of being the
Mediterranean shores ot the United States, this being the term
that suggested itself to Charles Dudley Warner, who was aston-
ished at the close resemblance that existed between the two sea-
coasts, of Italy and California, as to climate, production and
general tendencies. This purely climatic feature should not be
overlooked in choosing an educational locality for the forming
man, as it is the constitutional habits and needs that are formed
in youth, that afterwards follow man through life to stamp his
actions and career. In this favored climate there are no diseases
to ward off, nor is there any inclemency of the weather to with-
stand that ever suggests the use of spirits in any sense; neither is
the system ever enervated or the mind depressed by any at-
mospheric cause—so as to even insinuate a suggestion of stimu-
lants. I feel that in consideration of the proverbial dangers that
beset the young of the land in this regard, that this climatic
feature is one, which parents who have their children to educate,
cannot dwell upon too strongly; and I feel equally assured, that
when this feature is fully recognized, Southern California
will become the favored educational Elysium of the land. From
the above tendency to temperance in the physical requirements
of the system, in the matter of foods and the possibility of con-
stant out-of-door recreation, it follows that the blood is never
charged with those products of over-feeding that tend to pleth-
oric diseases, or are the intestines filled with undigested materials
—two conditions that tend to develop a beefy state of the mind
and of the faculties generally. The general tendency of this
climate on the mind is analogous to that of the climate of that
Grecian Archipelago, which produced the wonders of that Greek
mind that furnish the foundation for our present systems of medi-
cine, poetry, drama, arts and sciences. It was just under such
skies and with such climatic conditions that astronomy and
mathematics, medicine and philosophy first saw the light of day
in ancient Egypt; it was under a like condition of climate that
the Mosaic creed, the precursor of Christianity, was developed—
all tending to prove that this is the climate, wherein not only the
body reaches its greatest perfections, but that it is as well the
favored clime of the development of the mind. If the climate
develops the physique to its best, and the qualities of the mind

B2 The West American Sctenttst.

to its highest perfections, it must not be imagined that it does so
at the expense of the loss of animal spirits or of physical courage;
as the exploits of ancient Sparta and of Alexander and his Greeks,
or of the Saracenic hosts and of the Spanish cavaliers on the
causeways of Mexico, aresufficient witnessess to the physical en-
durance and courage of races nurtured in such a clime.

One great promoter of health and longevity that exists in this
climate, and whose importance is generally overlooked. is the
relation that it bears to clothing; the same kind of ‘clothing is
here worn at all seasonsalike, neither winter nor summer clothing
are ever required, but flannels and clothing of woolen-fabrics are
worn for the whole year throughout. so that the dangers incurred
elsewhere from improper dressing, as to seasons, are here entirely
avoided and escaped.

The following meteorological summaries will convey an intelli-
gent idea of the general climatic conditions. In relation to the
data as to temperature it must be borne in mind, that the changes
are gradual, and one might say almost imperceptible, and the
changes that take place in the twenty-four hours do so with such
regularity as to their degree, andas to the time of their occur-
rence, that the mean may here be taken as the actual regularly
existing temperature at the hours given. The minima and
maxima both follow this rule as to the time of their occurrence—
the minimum being reached after midnight and the maximum
just prior to the advent of the sea-breeze: »

MEAN OF MONTHLY TEMPHERATURE ATSAN DIEGO, CAL, 1887.

Jan.| Feb |Mar.| Apr.|/May |JunelJuly |Aug.|Sept.JOct. |Nov | Dec.

Taken from 16 years’
average mean for|53.5/54.7|56.0/58.2 60,2/64.6/67.1|69.0/66.7/62. 9158. 1|56.0
each month.

Mean at 7 A.M.for 87/47 .5|47.1/51.7/54.5 57.6|60.5/63.4/63.5|62.6159.3/53. 8148.9
for each month.

Mean at 3 P.M. for’87/60.9|57.7|62.4/63.3 66.3/68.5/69.6/69.6|69.5169. 6/64, 4|60.5
for éach month.

Mean at 10p.mfor’87|54.6/53 .9)57.5)59.1 62.3/64.9|/65.5|65,4/65.0/64 6/59.3]54 5
for each month.

Maximum formonth/74 |76 |82 |80 |79 |78 |79 |77 |79 -[85 |82 |74
—] 887—

Minimum for month|/388 |38 |44 |44 48 [54 160 |54 |58 150 |44 |36
—1887—

Mean relative humid-|70 |75 |79 |76 74 {89 181 |80 J84 172 |77-\71
ity for 1887. |

It must also be observed that besides the main difference taking
place at night that the range between the meanof July at 3 P. M.,
and of January at the same hour is only 9°. The maximum tem-
perature recorded for the two months by the self-registering
thermometer being 74° for-January and 70° for July, a difference
of 5°, this being in day-time; while the minimum recorded at
night was tor January 38°, and 60° for July—the lowest tempera-

p

Cumate of Pacific Beach and Its Effects. oa

ture being coincident with the sea-breeze being replaced by the
land-breeze during the first hours of the twenty- four, and is in-
fluenced by the presence of snow on the mountains. The fifth
line, in which the maximum temperature registered by the month
is given, explains why there is no cholera infantum, or hepatic,
and intestinal diseases on the coast. With these maxima records
it should be added that these temperatures are only reached
momentarily, and that only during the very warmest days, so
that there is not a protracted heat to undergo at any time; nor is
the change or variation sudden—a warm day being never followed
by.an extra cold night—which, being cool enough to allow of
perfect rest, is not so cold as to produce any disturbances. All
transitions in change of temperature are slow and gradual, and
if the table for the 3 P. M. temperature is observed for July,
August, September and October, it will be observed that for four
months the days have hardly a shade of difference at that hour.

The following temperatures of the sea-water at Pacific Beach,
tend to exhibit one of the factors, and at the same time the won-
derful equability of its climate, and the comparisons with that of
the sea-water at other places will be of interest:

4] ey Sf ee HH | DI Ol IA

eS |S 8 eB |F 2/8
Paeiic Beach, . California. -.\2.ya.2. +’) aden 60/61)61)61/61/62)64 65/66 63/61/60
Patita Oxuz,,Caliiormian (752. 0. oe. oe 52/58/52)57|57 |58/60 60/60 56/55/53
Newport “ihtode Island 20:2 v...256. .. sgt 32|32)34)43|52|62|66/70|65|56/44/36
New York, New York . .... .........../84/84/38) 59/67/70} =|69/52/47/39
Charleston, South Carolina............... 54|52|60 67'75179|85184)79|72|64|54

Sunstroke, heat diseases or accident, and hydrophobia are
here unknown, and the highest temperature of the foot hills, or
even of the desert—the latter reaching at times the enormous or
excessive heat of 140° F, is remarkably well borne, as workmen
in the New Liverpool salt works, in the sink of ‘the Colorado
Desert, 300 feet below sea-level, in this county, labor in its sum-
mer heat with less annoyance or discomfort than that experi-
enced by ordinary harvest hands in the fields of the Mississippi
Valley. Here, the heat from some reason, has neither the ener-
vating or the morbific effect of the same element in the East, as
a degree of temperature that in New York would be prostrating
and followed by accident, and a great mortality among the young
and the aged—will on this coast ‘hardly cause a feeling of discom-
fort.

No land is as free from barometrical perturbations or from the
effects of storms as this—there are no local storms or causes that
produce them—the rain or storm centre which originates our rain
storms being at the north of the Columbia or of Puget Sound,
causes no barometrical or atmospheric disturbance at this great
distance, Southern California being simp]y on bas outer edge of
the storm causes.

34 The West American Scientist.

In the northwesternmost corner of the United States coast on
Puget Sound at Neah Bay, the average rainfall is 111 inches, the
maximum reaching 132 inches, the record for one single day
being 6.90 inches. In January of 1880, the fall was 25.70; in
November of 1865, 27.60; and in December of 1863 ,27.30 inches
for the month How gradually the rain diminishes in quantity
may be better described by the’mean annual fall at coast stations
from Neah Bay on the north to San Diego on the south: Neah
Bay 111 inches, Astoria 77.12, Port Orford 70.50, Humboldt
Light House 33.02, Point Arenas 30.53, Point Reyes 28. og, Santa
Cruz 25:24, Monterey 14.42, Point Conception 12.21, San Diego
11.01. This shows the relation that Southern California bears to
the storm centre.

RAINFALL AND RAINY SEASONS.

The winter is in California the season during which the rain
falls, but it is not necessarily a wet season. During seventeen
years observations the U.S. Signal Service gives ‘our seasons
with less than seven inches of rain—these are the dry winters;
six seasons with over ten and less than seventeen inches which
are good seasons; six with over seven and less than ten inches of
rain, constituting a medium season; and one season nearly twenty-
six inches, being an extremely wet season. These observations
were at San Diego.

The following table gives the mean for each month per annum
for the seventeen years, at San Diego on the coast:

AT SAN DIEGO ON THE COAST—MONTHLY: INCHES OF RAIN.
July) Aug. Sept) Oct.| Nov |Dec.|Jan.|Heb.|Mar./Apr, ae ry|Jun.|Tot’1,

— | | | |

Avr’g per
month for
16 years.|0.03)0.19/0.04/0. 44/0. 73)/2.09/2.05)2.33)1.55)0.93)0. ae 06/10.95
1876-77..| .03} .06) .03) .08} .04)0.15}1.05/0.18)1.44/0. 26) 43 .00| 3.75
1883-84. .} .00} .00) .00)2.01/0.20/1.82/1.34)/9.05)6.23)2.84/2. 17| .31)25.97
1888-89..| .01] .00| .04/0.26]1.83/2.84/1.72]1.80/2.20} .19:0.03' .10)11.02

There are neve: any high winds in this locality. the U.S. Signal
Service station having returned all its cautionary signals to the
department some eight years ago—as an occasion to use them
had never occurred—the average velocity of the wind is about
seven miles per hour.

The atmosphere is one of remarkable clearness, its diaphaneity
being such, that often a small house or any other like article is
clearly distinguishable at the distance of sixteen miles, the Point —
Loma light is plainly visible at night from the mountains at a dis-
tance of fifty or more miles.

P. C. Remondino.

Another biographical notice of the late Dr. C. C. Parry has ap-
peared, by Dr. Lorenzo G. Yates.

The Coloration of Fishes. 35
dee OOLORA TIGAAOF SASHES.

The coloration of fishes has never received the attention it mer-
its. There is no other group of vertebrates in which there is such
a similarity of color as in widely separated fishes inhabiting sim-
ilar localities, nor are there any other vertebrates changing color
in such a remarkable manner with the different locality. There
are certain tide pools about San Diego which are lined with va-
rious species of coralline sea-weed. These pools are inhabited by
Clinus evides J. & G., Oligocottus analis, Grd., and Cremnobates
integripinnis R. Smith, which all resemble the mottled sea- weed
tosuch an extent that they can not be distinguished except when
moving. Oligocottus analis is also found in pools with green sea-
weeds only, in which case the fish again assumes the exact color of
thesea-weed. Clinus evides also assumes various markings in dif-
erent surroundings. One of the rock cods, Sebastichthys vex-
illaris J. & G., varies from flesh color to the brightest scarlet
and olive color. A local fisherman explains the color of this fish
by the fact discovered by him that fishes in shallow water are likely
to be blacker, those in deep water lighter, and those on hard,
rocky bottom of moderate depth bright red. One other fish,
Scorpaena guttata, deserves special mention. It is found both
in the bay and outside, on the rock-cod banks. Those found in
the bay are dull colored, chiefly brown, variously mottled, while
those from the outside have the brown replaced by. the brightest
scarlet. The color is so strikingly different that I have repeatedly
thought the two fishes to be distinct. Then, there is the varia-
tion of color from the young to the adult, as in the case of Pom-
acentrus rubicundus Grd., which is bright blue marked with or-
ange when young, and uniform flame scarlet in the adult stage.
It would certainly amply repay some one to study in detail the
color variation of the fishes of some limited region.

C. Hf. Eigenmann.

CONTRIEUOTIONS TOWARD A LIST OF THE
FAUNA AND FLORA OF WET MOUNT-
AIN VALLEY, COLORADO.—VI.

(Compiled for the Colorado Biological Association. )
VIII. COLEOPTERA.

The beetles of the valley are exceedingly numerous, and,
thanks to Dr. John Hamilton, Dr. Geo. H. Horn, Dr. C. V.
Riley and Mr. L. O. Howard, we have obtained identifications of
most. of the species.

1. Creophilus villosus Grav.

2. Philonthus furvus.

3. Philonthus ceneus (Rossi) Nordm. West Cliff and near
Swift Creek.

36 The West American Scientist.

4. Philonthus puberulus Horn. West Cliff and near Ula.

5. Philonthus terreipennis. Male and female specimens of
what are probably this species were found at West Cliff, 1889.

6. Xantholinus obscurus Er.

7. Xantholinus emmesus Grav.

8. Paederus littorarius Grav. This pretty mech is very com-
mon, being gregarious under logs, etc.

9. Stenus colon Say. An example of stenus is doubtfully re-
ferred to this species.

Io. Quedius prostrans.

11. Tachyporus chrysomelinus L. West Cliffand near Ula.

12. Heterothops fumigatus Lec. West Cliff.

13° Falagria dissecta Erichs. West Cliff.

14. Oxytelus nitidulus Grav. :

15. Oxytelus pennsylvanicus Erichs. West Cliff.

16. Platystethus americanus Erichs. West Cliff.

17. Laccophilus decipiens Lec. West Cliff.

18. Gyrinus n. sp.? West Cliff. A specimen is in the collec-
tion of Dr. Hamilton. :

19. Hydrobius subcupreus Say. West Cliff.

20. Agabus morosus Lec. West Cliff.

21. Agabus lecontel.

22. Agabus parallelus Lec.

23. Agabus intersectus J.ec.

24. Agabus Obliteratus Lec. Near Ula.

25. Rhantus binotatus.

26. Philhydrus diffusus. West Chiff.

27. Haliplus ruficollis DeG. West Cliff.

28. Bidessus affinis.

29. Laccobius agilis Randall.

Future installments of Coleoptera will be given at intervals, un-
til the list is completed. TD VA SCacrenel:

LAND MAMMALS: OF :SAll DIEGO COUN LAV,
CALIFORNIA.

I. CARIACUS MACROTIS CALIFORNICUS. California Mule
Deer. Generally, butsparingly distributed,in nearly all brush and
timbered localities. Not as common as formerly, but not likely
to be exterminated for a long time, as plenty of favorable cover
is found in the rough foothills and mountains. The Black-tail

~Deer, C. columbianus, may occur in limited numbers, but I have
identified none I have no record of the occurrence of the Elk,
Cervus canadensis, in this county.

2 ANTILOCAPRA AMERICANA. American. Antelope. Nearly
exterminated. A few yet live along the borders of the Colorado
Desert. In August, 1877, I saw a band of.a dozen or more
young of the year near the site of the present town of Perris. At
that time Antelope were not rare in that locality, but I believe
none are left there now.

p

Land Mammals of San Diego. 37

3. Ovis MONTANA. Bighorn. ‘Mountain Sheep.’ Rare
now. A few live in the rough foothills on the borders of the Col-
orado Desert and on the low, isolated mountains in the Desert.
The Indians tell me that the Bighorns eat cactuses as a substitute
for water in the dry season.

4. TAMIAS LATERALIS. Say’s Chipmunk. Rather common
in the upper pine region at from 6,000 to 10,000 ft. altitude in the
San Bernardino Mountains. and probably on Mt. San Jacinto at
the same elevation.

5. [AMIAS ASIATICUS MERRIAMI. Merriam’s Chipmunk. Low-
er part of the pine belt. I have taken specimens near Santa Ysa-
bel as low as 2,500%t. altitude.

6. TAMIAS ASIATICUS SPECIOSA (Merriam). I have notseen
the description of this new race, but Dr Allen identifies certain of
my specimens as belonging to it. I may approximate its range
as the upper pine region, though I have obtained specimens on
the Cuyamaca Mountains as low as 5,000 ft. altitude.

7. TAMIAS LEUCURUS. White-tailed Chipmunk. Colorado
Desert and foothills of the eastern side of the mountains.

8. SPERMOPHILUS GRAMMURUS BEECHEYI. California Ground
Squirrel. Abundant everywhere.

g. SPERMOPHILUS TERETICAUDUS. Round-tailed Squirrel.
Colorado Desert. The Mojave Ground Squirrel, S. Mojavensis
may occur in the north eastern part of the county.

Io. ScIURUS FossoR. California Gray Squirrel. Common in
the pine region. This species is at least as large as any other
American squirrel.

II- SCIUROPTERUS VOLUCELLA. Flying Squirrel. I have re-
liable information of the occurrence of this species in the pine re-
- gion, but it must be quite rare.

12. CASTOR FIBER. Beaver. Said to benotuncommon in the
Colorado River.

:3. FIBER ZIBETHICUS PALLIDUS. Pale Muskrat. Dr. Mearns
states that this race occurs in the Colorado and Gila rivers.

14. ARVICOLA RIPARIUS, var.-? Meadow Mouse. Abundant
in moist localities where there is a heavy growth of grass.

15. HESPEROMYS LEUCOPUS EREMICUS.

16. H. LEUCOPUS SONORENSIS.

17. H. LEUCOPUS ANTHONYVI.

18. H. LEUCOPUS DESERTICOLUS.

19. H: LEUCOPUS, var.P The White-footed or Deer Mice
are abundant and generally distributed. Thestanding of the sev-
eral varieties is in dispute, and there is at least one undescribed
variety here (large, tail longer than head and body together).
The introduced House Mouse, Mus musculus, is replacing the.
Deer Mice in the towns and thicker settlements.

20. HESPEROMYS CALIFORNICUS. Parasitic Mouse. I have
taken this species just north of the county line, and have no doubt
that it occurs in this county. I know no reason why itshould be
called a parasite.

38 The West American Scientist.

21. OCHETODON LONGICAUDA. Long-tailed Harvest Mouse.
Found in the same localities as the Meadow Mouse. Builds a
spherical nest in grass, sometimes a foot or more from the yround.

22. NEOTOMA FLORIDANA. Wood Rat. Generally distrib-
uted in the northwest part of the county.

23. NEOTOMA FLORIDANA MEXICANA. Mexican Wood Rat,
eee Desert.

NEOTOMA FUSCIPES. Dusk-footed Wood Rat. Common

in dle southern part of the county. These Wood Rats pile large

quantities of sticks in brush, and even in trees that slope a little so
that they can climb them. Their burrowsare under these ‘nests.’
These Wood Rats are sometimes a nuisance about camp. as they
will carry off anything they can lift.

25. THOMOMYS TALPOIDES BULBIVORUS. Pacific Pocket Go-
pher.

26. T. TALPOIDES UMBRINUS. Southern Pocket Gopher.
Abundant everywhere. These two varieties run together here,
so that is difficult to assign an individual to either variety.

27, T. PERPALLIDUS. Pale Pocket Gopher. Mojave and
Colorado Deserts. Comznon in few places.

28. PEROGNATHUS LONGIMEMBRIS. Little Pocket Mouse.
Irregularly distributed. At times abundant in the larger valleys.

29. PEROGNATHUS FALLAX. Gray Pocket Mouse. Mountain
region. Not common. I have a pet of this species that has
drank no water in the six months or more it has been in my pos-
session. It will not touch it, and does not seem to know what
water is. What is more inexplicable to me, is that it will not eat
green food when offered it. Mr. W. G. Wright has one of the
next species which is in fine condition, that has had no drink and
no food save drv grain for over two years Both these animals
are kept in boxes, where they possibly cannot get water from any
source except i the food given them. Many other species of an-
imals do not drink for long periods, but such animals eat moist
food.

30. PEROGNATHUS PENCILLATUS. Tuft-tailed Pocket Mouse.
Common in a few places in the Colorado Desert. Probably two
more of the genus occur on the Colorado River.

31. DIPODOMYS PHILLIPsI. Phillips’ Pocket Rat. Colorado
Desert. Not common.

32. DipoDOMYS AGILIS. Rocket Rat. ‘ Kangaroo Rat.’
Abundant in the coast region.

33. DIPODOMYS DESERTI. Desert Pocket Rat. Mojave and
Colorado deserts,

34. LEPUS SYLVATICUS AUDUBONI. Audubon’s Hare. ‘ Cot-
tontail.’ Abundant.

35. LEPUS TROWBRIDGEI. Trowbridge’s Hare. ‘ Bush Rab-
bit.’ Rather common in the mountains in thick brush.

36. LEPUS CALIFORNICUS. California Hare. ‘Jack Rabbit.’
Common in open ground. (The only true Rabbit we have is the
domesticated English Rabbit. )

a) oe

| ae

Land Mamma’s of San Diego. 39

ANTHROZOUS PALLIDUS.(?) Pale Bat. Saw one at Santa
Ysabel that I supposed to be of this species.

38. VESPERUGO HESPERUS. Western Bat. Abundant,

39. VESPERTILIO NITIDUS. California Bat. Not common.

40. VESPERTILIO EVOTIS. Long-eared Bat. Notcommon.

41. VESPERTILIO CAROLI. Brown Bat. Abundant everywhere.

42. VESPERTILIO SUBULATUS. Little Brown Bat. Not common.

43. NYCTINIMOUS FEMOROSACUS. Free-tailed Bat. Colorado
Desert.

44. NYCTINIMOUS MOJAVENSIS. Mojave Bat. Mojave and Col-
orado deserts.

45. MACROTIS WATERHOUSEI. Leaf-nosed Bat. Rare.

46. ATALAPHA CINEREUS, Hoary Bat. Not common.

47. ATALAPHA NOVEBORECENSIS. Red Bat. Rare.

48. SOREX sp.(?) Shrew. I have threespecimens of Shrews
taken here at Santa Ysabel that I cannot identify specifically. _

49. SCAPANUS TOWNSENDI. Oregon Mole. Common in
many places in damp land, especially in the mountains.

50. URSUS AMERICANUS CINNAMONEUS. Cinnamon Bear.

51. URSUS HORRIBILIS. Grizzly Bear. I belive bears are entirely
extinct in this county now. Formerly both of the above species
were common in the mountains.

52. PROCYON LOToR. Raccoon. ‘Common in timber along
watercourses,

53. BASSARIS ASTUTA. ‘Civit Cat.’ I know of one having
been killed in the San Bernardino Mountains, near the county
line, about five years ago.

. MEPHITIS MEPHITICA. Skunk. Common and _ gener-
ally distributed.

55: SPILOGALE PUTORIUS. Little Striped Skunk. More
abundant than the preceding.

56. TAXIDEA AMERICANA. American Badger. Rather com-
mon, but rarely seen.

57. PUTORIUS BRASILIENSIS FRENATUS. Bridled Weasel.
Rather common. Kills many gophers and squirrels, and should
be protected.

58. UROCYON VIRGINIANUS. Gray Fox. Common in the
mountains. .
59: VULPES MACROTIS. Big-eared Fox. Colorado Desert.
60. CANIS LATRANS. Coyote. Common. ,

OF. *PEEIS CONCOLOR. Panthers? Puma. ‘California Lion.’
Not common.

62. LyNx RuFuS. Rather common in all timber.

I give above a list of all land mammals known to me to occur
in this county, with a few that I have good reason to believe are,
or have been, found here. I would be glad to receive informa-
tion of any additional species positively known to occur in the
county. Lf. Stephens.

SANTA YSABEL, Cal., June 18, 1890.

4o The West American Scientist.
BOTANY, AND AGRIGULTURAL SCIENCE.

Asout HERBARIUMS —As the present number is likely to be
read by a great number of young students of botany, a few direc-
_ tions about forming an herbarium may be useful.

Each specimen of a plant should be made as complete in itself
as possible, showing the root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit. When
too large the root has to be dispensed with, but never when pos-
sible to preserve, Grasses should always have the root, and be
preserved entire by so folding as to fit your paper. Where both
flower and fruit cannot be had in one specimen, they should be
obtained separately, first a flowering specimen and later a fruit-
ing specimen, from the same tree or bush, if practicable, at least
from the same locality. Where the fruit is too large for the herb-
arium, like nuts and acorns, they may be kept in a separate cab-
inet, like shells and minerals. Such a collection i consider as
necessary to an herbarium as the dried plants themselves, and
should also contain specimens showing the wood and bark of
trees, shrubs or woody plants, together with large, tuberous roots,
bulbs and numerous other things, which are rarely properly rep-
resented in herbariums. Usually a quarter section five inches in
length is the most convenient and useful size for wood specimens,
but I generally aim to secure.a full section several feet long, soas
to have material to exchange with others.

Do not be afraid of too many specimens. It is always best to
get at least five—not less than three—herbarium specimens of each
plant, so that in case you cannot identify the plant yourself you can
send one to a botanist for naming. This is always a good plan
when in doubt, and few botanists will object to naming a plant for
a nice specimen—the smallest return you can make for his cour-
Lesivn.

It is very important to label your plants properly. As soon as
you get a plant put it to press (do not place ina tin case, nor wait
until * you gethome). Write on the sheet of paper in which you
place it the date collected, the locality, as exactly as practicable,
the character of the ground where it is found—whether in a cul-
tivated field, on a rocky hillside, in clefts, in a swamp, or else-
where. It is well to note the color of the flower, the size of the
largest plant of the kind seen, and the average size; note whether
useful or a nuisance, give its common name, if you know or can
learn of any belonging to it, and any other facts you may be able
to observe in the fields.

Do not leave any point to memory. The color will fade or
change its hue; when you return home you may not be able to
recall every fact relating to each of your plants—the exact spot
where found, or the character of the ground—unless you have
noted it down.

It is well for each collector to get a blank book and make a cat-
alogue of his herbarium, preserving therein every note he has
made on the plants, and numbering each specimen or set of spec-

p

Botany and Agricultural Science. 41

‘mens of each plant. Never duplicatea number. Let each num-
ber apply only to specimens of one plant collected together on a
certain date—not tospecimens of what may appear to be the same
plant collected in different localities at different times.

Collect freely. Many plants look alike, but are different. Do
not tail to collect everything—weeds and all. C. R. Orcutt.

EDTT Ome

We present our readers this month with a new feature—an ed-
ucational supplement, devoted to literary and educational matters.
This supplement is practically the successor to The Sphynx, ately
published in the interest of the students of the Saa Diego College
of Letters, and is virtually intended to take the place of the usual
college journal issued by an educational institution.

THE WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST becomes, in a measure, the
representative of the scientific department of the San Diego Col-
lege of Letters, which, we are pleased to say, has recently been
placed on a more permanent financial basis. It is, however, more
especially the representative of the WEST AMERICAN MUSEUM OF
NATURE AND ART, an independent institution under the editor’s
personal control. , This MusrumM comprising the editor’s miscel-
laneous collections, has its main location in San Diego, but the
display collections are: being arranged in the Stough Hall at the
San Diego College of Letters, Pacific Beach, California, were
they will eventually be open to the public and available to the
students.

These miscellaneous collections form doubtless the most com-
plete representation of the fauna and flora, the geology and the
mineral wealth of Southern and Lower California that is in ex-
istence. It also contains large series of plants, shells, minerals,
archzeological relics, birds and other objects from other parts of
North and from South America, from Europe, Asia, Africa and
Oceanica. As an educational factor, a public museum ranks
high. As a ready means for students to identify their plants,
shells and insects or other objects, its utility is unquestionable.
To those who are unable to personally consult it, the editor is
always ready to identify material to the best of his ability, or to
refer to a specialist in case an object is unknown to him.

POBLICATIONSSRE CEIVED.

*Only publications not elsewhere noticed are here acknowledged.

_ Instruction in Drawing in Primary and Intermediate Schools
in Europe and America. By Dr. Arnold Dodel, with an intro-
duction by Louis Prang. The Prang Educational Co., Boston.

Agricultural Experiment Station; University ot Wisconsin.

Annual Reports ii., iii., iv., v-, vi. Bulletins 3, 5, 8, 11, 12, 14
to 21 inclusive, and 23. |

42 The West American Scientist.

Demorest’s Family Magazine, xxvi. 6 (April, 1890), and 8
(June, 1890). This is one of the best magazines which reaches our
hands. ‘The monthly summary of the world’s progress is always
worth perusal, while in text and illustration it maintains a high
standard of excellence.

The Century Magazine, x1 3 (July, 1890). Edward Atkin-
son opens in this number the long-expected discussion of the
‘Single Tax,’ followed by Henry George. ‘A Taste of Ken-
tucky Bluegrass’ is an out-door paper by John Burroughs. ‘ A_
ee in Andersonville’ gives a thrilling account of prison

ife

St. Mecholas, xvii. 9 (July, BY H. W. Henshaw contrib-
utes to this number an instructive and finely-illustrated article on
‘Hawks and Their Uses.’ ‘Six Years in tne Wilds of Cen-
tral Africa,’ by E. J. Glave, one of Stanley’s pioneer officers, is
an entertaining series, of which the fourth installment is given.
“Crowded Out 0 ’Crofield”’ a serial now appearing in this mag-
azine, by William O. Stoddard, is one of the most delightful
stories that we have seen for a long time. Both old and young
cannot fail to enjoy it,

NOTES AND INEV,S:

A handsome brittania medal has been: issued by M. H. de
Young, as a souvenir of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Saz
francisco Chronicle.

F. V. Szczcepanski, of St. Petersburg, Russia, is soon to issue
an annual directory of technical literature,

Mrs. Laura A. Spencer Russell, the widow of John Russell,
died at the home of her son, at Bluffdale, Ill., January 30, 1890.
She was born at Vergennes, Vermont, In 1797, married October
25, 1818, and was a resident of Bluffdale, Ill., sixty-two years.
What Mrs. L. A. S. Russell was to that locality in pioneer days
can not be expressed in afew words. She wasaChristian and ev-
eryway worthy of the name. Her husband was the author ot the
‘*“Venemous Worm,”’ an essay that has probably exerted as great
an influence for temperance as did Mrs. Stowe’s great work for
anti-slavery.

The new piano invented by Dr. Eisemann of Berlin can, by
the aid of electro-magnetism, sustain, increase or diminish sound;
another and valuable novelty in its construction is that by
moving the electro-magnets the timbre of the tone is changed,
as, for example, from that of a violoncello to piccolo.

The noiseless powder is not a new invention. In the third
volume of Benvenuto Cellini’s autobiography the author relates
that when suffering trom fever in Ferrara he cured himself by
eating peacocks, and that he procured himself the birds surrep-
titiously by shooting them with powder ‘invented by him, that
made no noise.’ |

» VRIES
A Sa

S Ap AME - —
E

RAL

Ge Bae Ge

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LITERARY AND EDUCATIONAL SUPPLEMENT, No. I.
(Edited by the Students and Facu/ty of the San Diego College of Letters.)

Son) dire ialarceba DAVININGS.

LIFE.

A cotton-tail went for recreation,
Creation’s morn beheld a new world} To takea walk in the early morn—

_ Swung : At a hobby-horse gait, with a variation—
Out into space. The mighty deed was And to breakfast on the peas that grew

done; with the corn
But stagnant lay the rivers in the sun, amet,
And leafless stood the trees, like etch- That stood in regular order
ings hung In the patch on the campus border.
_ Against a pulseless sky. No life was’
there, Th king bird’ dley, that all
In man’s stark, rigid limbs, or anywhere. * Se acide a a in aa
| night long,
| Then Pape Jehovah’s awful face, and} Like the moonlight’s flood had wasted —
through - 7 been,
His osha = Ma the throbbing life- | was succeeded by the lark’s first matin
i Filling all space with vapors faintly blue; song ;
| Pulsating nature’s heart and heart of| While chanticleer’s harsh, ungracious
man. : din,
Then ee leapt their course along, and Woke sleeper from park to beach,
Thrilled all creation’s morn with sweet- With his ceaseless,impudent screech.
est words,

And man sucked in eternity. God’s| And a road-runner came bobbing along

breath, Z é 3
Soul of himself, can never suffer death. With his erratic, unmanageable, see-

Rose Hartwick Thorbe. saw tail,
As the sun looked up over the peaks

that throng
The back country north of San Miguel,

A POEM POSTPONED.

I want to tell you about my kitten— And the world’s vacation of night,

: The prettiest kitten that ever purred; Became the opening session of light.
But I’ve looked my speller through and A

. through, Eulalie Powers Woods,

And I can’t discover a single word

That rhymes with kitten, a

Excepting mitten,—
And that is old and too absurd, Soyez. comme I’oiseau
So the only thing for me to do Sur un arbre perche,

Is just to send you what I’ve written, :
And wait till she grows to be a cat,— om Seat frembler Ia branche
_ There are ever so many to rhyme with Mais qui chant ne Ss
that! Sachant qu’il a des ailes!

—Helen C. Walden, in St. Nicholas. —Victor Hugo,

2 The West American Scientist.

Our Story Celler.

'|tramping of cavalry over the plain.

THE CHILD OF THE ALAMO.

One glorious night in February,
1836, the little settlement of San An-
tonio was strangely disturbed, ata
time when it should have been
wrapped inits usual quiet slumber.
It was midnight, and all lovers of

the history of the ‘* Lone Star State,”’
as Texas is often called, will remem-
ber the evil cause of this disturbance.
A messenger had ridden, an hour
before, into the plaza, and straight to

— the little fort of which Colonel Travis

was commander, with the news that
Santa Ana, the hated and dreaded
leader of the Mexican troops, was
marching down upon them, and was
now only a few miles distant.

These plazas or squares, of which
there are several, are made in a
peculiar manner. The settlers com-
ing to the new country, and finding
that they were fated to be almost
constantly at war with their neigh-
bors, the Mexicans, made the walls
of their homes serve as fortifcations,
by building them around and facing
a large square, which usually had a
fort on one side where they could
gather for additional safety. The
streets leading from these plazas
never ran straight out, but were all
placed at angles. The object in this
was that no cannon could be placed
in a position to sweep the plaza.

Fort Alamo was the name of the
post of which Travis, Bowie and
David Crocket, men all celebrated in
history, were the brave commanders.

After the messenger had held a:

short conference with Travis, the
shrill blast of the trumpet and the
solemn rolling of the drum, called:
‘Danger! . Danger! 2 to the’ peo-
ple sleeping in their homes. Then
might be heard the sounds of pre-
paration for battle; might be seen
by the starlight, dusky forms hurry-
ing to the Alamo from all directions,
seeking safety within its dark walls.
At last all was ready, and then came
the waiting in suspense for the ad-
vancing of Santa Ana and his men;

faint light of the early dawn.

of listening with strained ears for the

Ali was silent..

Suddenly one of the watchers
called out that the enemy was at
hand and might now be seen in the
A
soldier happening to look down into
the deserted plaza, from one of the
iron-barred windows, saw two dark
figures running toward the old fort.
One appeared to be a woman, while

‘the other, a man, seemed to carry

something white in his arms.
The soldier was waiting at the door
when they came up, and immediately,
the pass word having been given,
admitted them. The great doors
swung to, not a moment too soon,
for at that instant the enemy galloped
into the plaza.

When Jack Brown, the soldier who
had opened the doors tor them,
turned to see who the new comers
might be, he saw an old black
‘‘Mammy’’ vigorously fanning her-
self with her huge apron, and ejacu-
lating at regular intervals, the words:
‘‘O, Lawsy!’’ The man was no- .
where to be seen, he had probably
gone from the room into the main
building, for he was one of the
soldiers. |

Clinging to ‘““ Mammy’s”’ skirt,and
looking up at him, Jack saw a beauti-
ful child, little Lillian, as she was
called by every one who knew her.
A fair baby of three summers, or
rather springtimes, for she reminded
one of the spring with her golden
curls like a halo about her sweet
little face.

For ten days and nights the battle
raged. Often during the starlight
nights of that terrible siege,‘‘Mammy’’
would take her little charge to one of
the narrow windows for a breath of
fresh air. Little Lillian would sit on
the deep sill and clap her bits of
white hands, and tell ‘‘ Mammy
tories,” (as she said) about ‘‘’e pitty
tars,” and would pick out two of the
brightest, those were mamma’s eyes,
watching her baby. -- Then she would
laugh and talk about the fires of the
Mexican camp; but Mammy shook
her turbaned head and said:

,

Literary and Educational Supplement.

‘QO, Lawsy yo’ pore chile, yo’ | heart.”

don’ know what yo’s talkin’ ’bout.”’

S

__ To look at Santa Ana’s
face, with its cruel mouth, and eyes

For ten days that little band held | still more cruel, one would turn away

out against the foe; at the end of that| and say: “ There is no hope.”

And

time the six thousand Mexicans that | yet little Lillian, seeming by instinct
surrounded the fort scaled the walls|}to know that he was the leader,
and poured in upon them in a living | pattered her tiny feet over the stones

stream.

toward him, and gazing up into his

Santa Ana gave orders that no| cruel eyes, said :

one should be spared, and the

slaughter began.

‘*Didn’t I tell Mammy all true?

Bowie, who was|Oo won't let any fing hurt her, will

dying of consumption, was killed on|00?” Then the sweet child held her

his cot.
started up the stairs, with several

Then Santa Ana himself| dimpled arms up to him to be taken.

What there was about the baby

companions, to see that no one es-|that affected him so greatly no one
caped. At the top he stopped sud-| knows; for he suddenly turned his

denly and held up his hand.

“Don't Mammy, don’t feel so bad, }
Dod won’t let ’em hurt ’oo.’’ It was
the clear voice of little Lillian com-
ing from a small inside room.

The fierce, black eyes of the Mexi-
can flashed. He probably was not
familiar with English baby-talk for
with an oath he started for the room,
doubtless thinking that he didn’t see
what on earth folks brought dadzes to
battle for. Just inside the threshold
he stopped a great deal more sud-
denly than at the top of the stairs.

The room had no opening except
the low doorway by which he had
entered, and was, therefore, dark,
yet it seemed quite light, this light
radiated trom the golden head of
little Lillian, standing by poor
Mammy who was fairly ashen with
fear. The Mexicans crowded into
the room, illuminating it with their
torches.
abject terror as she sat on the floor
with her eyes set and her mouth wide
open expecting her death blow every
minute, too terrified even for her
favorite and constant expression ‘‘ O,
Lawsy !”

The most fearless and unconcerned
of all that dark-browed band was
the little white child. She seemed,
among all those rough, dark men like
a tiny sun-touched, fleecy cloud,
which we sometimes see floating

face from her with an expression of
pain as though the light blinded his
eyes (perhaps it was the light of a
pure soul), and said, with a changed
voice, to one of his soldiers:

‘Let the child and her nurse go
free and see that no harm comes to
them.”

And to this day Lillian is called
“ the child of the Alamo.”

LuLo M. THORPE.

PACIFIC BEACH.

’Tis evening here, the skies so clear
Are vaulted overhead.

The far stars glow and the earth below,
In quiet rests and sleeps.

The calm bay lies and the city’s eyes
Do mock with stars below.

The old light-house winks, and cheers
and blinks,

Mammy was a picture of! At the winds in wild career.

On golden beach, with rippling reach,
The waves creep to and fro.

O’er hill and bay with silent ray
The moon doth reign supreme.

’Tis holy night, God’s beacon light
Doth charm the earth to sleep.

Eulalie Powers Woods.

—_

Annie Felton Reynolds, the first
woman dentist to graduate in Massa-

gently across the rolling blackness of! chusetts, received her degree of D.

the oncoming tempest.
It is often said that ‘‘there is some-

D. S. from the Boston Dental College
Thursday. She also received first

_ thing of the angel in every human| prize for the senior honors.

4 The West American Scientist.

At Home.

LOCALS AND PERSONALS.

The students spending their vaca-
tions at the Beach are enjoying them-
selves in divers and sundry ways,
swimming in the bay, bathing in the
ocean surf, boating, hunting and
making merry at delightful little
socials, now and then.

“One of the most beautiful noon-
light evenings of the season was
spent at Miss Lulo Thorpe’s home,
playing games and dancing on the
green lawn in the moonlight. At
Mrs. Rowe’s ‘‘cottage by the sea,’’
Misses Mabel and Evangeline doing
the honors, an evening was passed
pleasantly, (odd as it may seem), in
telling ghost stories !

The boys not to be out done in
the matter of entertaining, treated
the girls to an ice cream social in
Stough Hall,—well we are waiting
for another.

Still another pleasant evening was
later enjoyed at Miss Eulalie Woods's
pulling taffy and having a good time
generally.

Although not many persons are

supposed to enjoy a Row(e) in as

surf, Sam seems to.

_ There are twelve good sized stud-
ents, not counting the small fry
(Frey), spending their summer vaca-
tion at the Beach.

Some one wants to know how four
people can ride home from a party
in a one seated carriage—how did
you manage it Lal?

Better begin to think of dusting
off your old text books, vacation is
half gone.

We saw Mr. Frey ina stew the
other evening because somebody’s
papa thought somebody was too
young to go with him to a party.

Jimmy has a little kid,

Its fleas are black as jet,

And every where that Jimmy goes

The fleas go too you bet //

Miss Helen Gibbons of Chula Vista

is visiting Miss Mary Cogswell.

Miss Mabel Toles, the youngest
daughter of Jerry Toles, visited at
the Beach last week.

Miss Pearl Flagg visited at Mrs.
Fairfields.

Miss May Crippen. of San Diego,
has been keeping Pearl trom feeling
lonesome.

On ait that Mrs. Judge Kinney
intends to send her young grand
daughter to college. Welcome!

John Ironsides was at the college
to bid us good by, as he thinks of
going to San Francisco. By-by,
Irie, you'll be sorry you left us some-
time.

Miss Lulo Thorpe expects a vis-
itor, a Miss Grace Collier, of San
Bernardino, soon.

We are glad to hear that our old
friends, Anne Harlow and Mabel
Phelps, are coming back.

The Towel Brigade has become so
attached to its summer resort at the
Bay-beach that Prof. Davidson has
ordered a wharf and bath-house to be
built there for the use of the college
boys.

George Alkire, a former student,
was lately down from his present
home, at Pomona, Cal. George’s
health is not so good out of school in
Pomona, as it used to be in school at
Pacific Beach.

Ralph Williams is spending vaca-
tion at his old home on the Father
of} Waters, in’ the: fair ‘region
about Memphis and Nashville. It
was only because old friends and
scenes could not come here‘that he
ventured to the hot low lands of the
great valley. Mr. Williams had
spent two years at the College of
Letters when he had found it impos-
sible to live in any kind of health
elsewhere.

Miss Jacqueline Oliver, our song-
stress, is at her Punta Banda home,
but says. she is lonesome.

Miss Nettie Pauly is spending her
vacation with her uncle in Los An-
geles. Miss Pauly’s» quiet elegant
manners will win her friends where
ever she is.

Literary and Educational Supple ment.

a

Mrs. Phelps, who with her family
spent the winter at Pacific Beach two
years ago, found the climate in this
particular locality so beneficial to
health, the blessing of which she has
been deprived since leaving here, that
she is about to return to the favored
spot where her old friends wait to
welcome her.

Miss Fay Trownsell, the daughter
of Captain Trownsell, editor of the
Escondido 7zmes, is spen.ing the
vacation with her father at her home
in Escondido much improved by her
sojourn at the college.

Miss Bess Brown is at her home
on Florence Heights during the sum-
mer.

Miss Jacoby is rusticating in the
interior with her father.

Genial Harvey Styles, formerly a
student, is said to be the best in-
formed man in the county on the
culture of all kinds of fruit. Some
think he will be married soon.

Where are Ralph Conklin, Allan
Hawley, Bert Somers and a host of
our former students? Let them an-
swer.

The students and authorities of
the college are under many obtiga-
tions to the Thorps, McGregors,
Fairfields, Cogswells, Rowes and
others, for favors shown in many
ways. We are fortunate in having
such friends and neighbors.

The genial, whole-souled Mr.
Isham, of the great firm of Story
& Isham, has just purchased the
Hubbell cottage at the ocean front.
Mr. I’s pluck and push as a business
man is proverbial. He has the energy
of half a dozen ordinary men, has a

-warm side for the college and
-an observatory. He has an interest-
ing family. Welcome!

Mrs. Thresher and her bright
daughter, Marian, are building them
a cottage near the college.

California’s favorite ‘‘Madge Mor-
ris,’ though frail in health at times,
never wearies with the pen. Her
new publication will be issued soon.

Our college is fortunate in having

foranear neighbor the famous author-
ess Rose Hartwick Thorpe, whose
pure, wholesome literature belongs
imevery. home, She is. the. trie
friend of the student.

The Ladies’ Annex visited the col-
lege while picnicing at Pacific Beach.
Father Horton was with them. All
were more than pleased with what
they saw, and many were astonished
at the complete facilities there found
for instruction in the sciences, arts,
music, etc.

_ Mrs. Woods, our highly successful
instructor in languages, is resting at
her home during the summer.

The Pacific Beach Hotel has
changed hands. Mr. McKay is the
new proprietor. His gentlemanly
bearing bespeaks for him popularity.

Harr Wagner and C. S. Sprecher
will hereafter give their entire atten-
tion to the editing of the Golden Era
Magazine, the oldest and most pop-
ular journal on the Coast. Prof.
Wagner is candidate for County
Superintendent of Public Schools.
He would make an excellent officer.

We miss Rev. R. Dodd and his
pleasant family. They are comfort-
ably located at Glendale, near Los
Angeles.

Misses Hattie and Lottie Keyes
were in their mountain home when
last heard from.

Dr. G. A. Sprecher of Colton, and
his estimable wife are spending their
vacation with their relatives at the
College. 7

The College community is under
obligation to Messrs. Frey, Sprecher
and Barbours, who under the direc-
tion of Mr. Thorpe, have erected
commodious dressing rooms, wharf,
etc., at the foot of Tenth street on
the bay.

Miss Laura G. Gearn, distinguished
for her devotion to study and her
scholarly attainments madea visit to
the College recently.

Miss Kate Woodford will likely re-
turn to College next year.

Oliver Reed has taken refuge in
the mountains for the summer,

School and € ollene.

OUR DEPORTMENT.

True etiquette may be defined as
genuine unselfishness, for real polite-
ness, under all circumstances and
conditions of life, demands consider-
ation for others even to the ‘setting
aside’ of one’s own desires. Kind-
heartedness and culture are closely
allied, as are, also, ignorance and
rudeness, for culture is robbed of its
most essential element when a kindly
consideration for others’ thoughts
and sentiments is lacking. Etiquette
may be acquired by education and
observation followed by constant
practice; but true etiquette is born in
the heart, not in the head, and often
reveals itselfin the lowly walks of life.
‘Civilty, refinement and gentleness
are passports to hearts and homes,
while awkwardness, coarseness and
gruffness meet with locked doors and
barred hearts.’ Emerson says: ‘ Give
a boy address and accomplishments,
and you give him the mastery of
palaces and fortunes wherever he
goes; he has not the trouble of earn-
ing or owning them; they solicit him
to enter and possess.’ Calvert says:
‘Ladyhood is an emanation from the
heart subtilized by culture.’

A rude person may be well mean-
ing but scarcely kindhearted, for
genuine heart kindness is seldom
rude. The face is the mirror of the
heart reflecting its sunshine and its
shadows, so one’s manners are doors
ajar affording glimpses into the inner
chamber of one’s self, revealing the
true gentleman and lady.

Education is incomplete which does
not bring good manners into promin-
ence. True courtesy is the golden
rule expressed. It is no trifling
matter, but one of the greatest im-
portance, that this Christian element
become a firmly established part of
every student’s education. The ex-
pression of kindheartedness will
create a kindly feeling which, in time,
will become the genuine article that
can only influence our lives for the
greatest good.

The West American Scientist.

NOTES AND NEWS.

The Peabody institute at Danvers,
Mass., has been destroyed, with a
$75,000 loss.

Cornell etiquette requires that no
lady recognize a gentleman acquaint-
ance on the university grounds.

Miss Eleanor L. Fleury, of the
London school of medicine for
women, has a record in three colleges
of the highest honors that a female
medical student can obtain.

_Four college dailies are now in
circulation. \ Princeton, | Harvard,
Yale and Cornell each publish one.

Miss Joanna Baker, who was a
tutor of Greek in an Iowa college at
the age of sixteen, now occupies the
chair her father filed seventeen years
ago.

The fair freshman at Bryn Mawr
is hazed by being made to walk up
an inclined board with a pile of books —
on her shoulders. Whenshe reaches
the top, she is given a lamp, with the
injunction to keep it well trimmed
and not to be. a ‘‘ foolish virgin.” —
University News.

During the past year Lake Forest
University leads the list of colleges
as having received the largest endow-
ment, $400,000. Syracuse follows
next with $365,000, then Yale with
$275,000, Cornell with $265,000,
Vassar $222,000, Pennsylvania $225, -
000.— Fx.

Vassar College owes its existence
to a woman, Miss Lydia Booth, a
cousin of the founder, Matthew Vas-
sar. Mr. Vassar was planning a
hospital on the plan of Guy’s hospi-
tal, in London, as_ his bequest
to the community, when his. kins-
woman suggested the founding of a
college for women which, should be
to them what Yale and Harvard were
to men. Immediate application was
made for a charter, and in 1861 there
came into being Vassar College. |

The display of American students’
periodicals at the Paris Exposition
was of great interest. It is said, no
such showing is possible among

Literary and Educational Supplement.

7

European colleges and_ schools.
The interest and literary value of
these college magazines cannot be
felt by one who does not habitually
compare a large number. The
stories, poems and humors of the
college paper are frequently in no
wise inferior to those of the average
magazine.— Ex.

Columbia College is the richest in
the land, but its library consists of
only 90,000 volumes, while Har-
vard’s numbers 365,000 and Yale’s
200,000,

Work on the Nicarauga Canal is
progressing, though retarded at this
period of the Central American year,
by the rainy season.

The 4soth anniversary of the dis-
covery of the art of printing was
celebrated at Mayence, recently.

Steps are being taken for organi-
zation of a College Boating Club.
The boats will come, boys !

rl

A FABLE.

Felis sedit by a hole,

Intenta she cum omni soul,
Prendere rats;

Mice cucurrerunt over the floor,

In numero duo, tres or more, ~
Obliti cats.

The felis saw them oculis;

“T’ll have them” inquitshe, “I guess,
Dum ludunt.”

Tunc illa crept toward the group;

“Habeam” dixit, ‘‘a good rat soup,—
Pingues sunt.”

Mice continued all gaudere—

Intenti they in ludum vere,
Gaudenter.

Tunc rushed the felis into them,

And tore them omnes limb for limb,
Violenter.

Morat—Mures omnes, nunc be shy,
_ Et aurem praebete mihi:
Benigne:
Si hoc facitis, ‘‘verbum sat’”—
Avoid a devilish big Tom cat
Studiose.

—Latin School Register.

THE SAN DIEGO COLLEGE
OF . LETTERS.

As the literary and educational
supplement of THE WEsT AMERI-
CAN SCIENTIST is edited by the stu-
dents and faculty of the San Diego
College of Jetters, and takes the
place of the former college journal,
The Sphynx, a few words in regard
to this institution are in order.

Incorporated in 1887, it is now en-
tering on its third year under most
auspicious circumstances. The next
term opens on the 4th of Septem-
ber. The attention of parents is es-
pecially directed to the climatic ad-
vantages enjoyed by this institution.
Students unable to attend schools in
more rigorous climates, or too deli-
cate in health to study, may here re-
gair. full strength and compete in
scholarship with their stronger asso-
ciates. The truth of this is shown
by Dr. P. C. Remondino, member
of the International Medical College,
in this number, and_ those interested
should read his article with care.

Full information regarding this in-
stitution will be sent on application.
It is for both sexes a boarding and
day school, giving instruction in all
branches of literature, science and
art. Another word about this
monthly supplement to THE WEsT
AMERICAN SCIENTIST which will be
published by this institution during
the coming year. This is believed
by all to bealong step upward in
our history. In addition to such in-
teresting matter as may be found in
the College department, the reader
has the advantage of what comes
from the pen of C. R. Orcutt and
his correspondents. The college
cannot afford to allow its department
to become inferior. It must be well
sustained. Only sensibly written and
well-selected articles will receive
room in these columns. It is to be
hoped that each student will feel
himself personally responsible for
the success of our department and
will do all in his power to assist, in
every way possible, in making this
journal second to none.

The L£ditors,

:

LITERATURE IN SCHOOLS.

The notion that literature can be|

taken up asa branch of education,
and learned at the proper time and
when other studies permit, is one of
the most farcical in our scheme of
education. It is only matched in ab-
surdity by the other current idea,
that literature is something separate
and apart from general knowledge.
Here is the whole body of accumu-
lated thought and experience of all
the ages, whicn indeed forms our
present life and explains it, existing
partly in tradition and training, but
more largely in books; and most
teachers think, and most people are
led to believe, that this most import-
ant former of the mind, maker of
character, and guide to action, can
be acquired in a certain number of
lessons out of a text-book! Because
this is so, young men and young
women come up to college almost
absolutely ignorant of the history of
their race, and of the ideas that have
made our civilization. Some of them
have never read a book, except the
text-books, on the specialties in which
they have prepared themselves for
examination. We have a saying
concerning people whose minds ap-
pear to be made up of dry, isolated
facts, that they have no atmosphere.
Well, literature is the atmosphere.
In it we live and move, and have our
being, intellectually. The first les-
son read to or read by the child,
should begin to put him in relations
with the world and the thought of
the world.— Charles Dudley Warner.

The novelette in the August num-
ber of Zhe Chatauguan, is by J.
Rankin Towse. Thetitle, ‘A Lucky
Accident,’ promises a happy de-
nouement, but just what it is to be
the reader is not sure of until he
reaches the closing chapter. It
abounds in picturesque descriptions
of the places where the events oc-
curred, the actual names being given.
An account of one of the University
boat races on the Cam is among the
pleasant features,

The West American Scientist.

ON LACK OF CONSCIENCE AS
A MEANS OF SUCCESS.

The following closes an editorial
in the Century with the above title:
‘The fact is that there is altogether
too much reverence for rascals, and
for rascally methods, on the part of
tolerably decent people. Rascality is
picturesque, doubtless, and in fiction
it has even its moral uses; but in real
life it should have no toleration; and
it is, as a matter of fact, seldom ac-
companied by the ability that it
brags.

‘One proof that the smart rogue
is not so smart as he thinks, and as
others think, is that he so often comes

to grief. He arrives at his successes

through his knowlege of the evil in
men; he comes to grief through his
ignorance of the good inmen. He
thinks he knows ‘human nature,’ but
he only half knows it. Therefore,
he is constantly in danger of making
a fatal mistake. For instance, his
excuse to himself for lying and trick-
ery is that lying and trickery are in-
dulged in by others—even by some
men who make a loud boast of vir-
tue before the world. A little more
or less of lying and trickery seems to
make no difference, he assumes,—
especially so long as there is no pub-
lic display of lies and tricks,—for he
understands that there must always
be a certain outward propriety in or-
der to insure even the inferior kind
of success he is aiming at. But
having no usable conscience to guide
him, he underrates the sensitiveness
of other consciences.—and especially
the sensitiveness of that vague sen-
timent called ‘public opinion,’—and
he makes a miscalculation, which,
if it does not land him in the peni-
tentiary, at least makes him of no
use to his respectable allies; there-
fore, of no use to his semi-criminal
associates; therefore, a surprised,
miserable, and vindictive failure.”

——_—__—_++0+e
Margaret Fuller says ‘A house is
no home unless it contains food and

fire for the mind as well as tor the
body.’ .

Literary and Educational Supplement. 9

Che Museum.

THE WEST AMERICAN MU-

SEUM OF NATURE
AND ART.

More than two years have passed
since the prospectus of this institu-
tion was published. These two years
have not been idle ones in its growth,

though little external evidence has
A brief review of the

been given.
object and scope of the institution

may not come amiss at the present

time.
THE OBJECT.

The ostensible aim of a museum
is the accumulation and preservation

of material of whatever character that

may offer. But the work of this in-
stitution is not intended to consist
merely in the forming of vast, unas-
similative collections. A museum
should contain the results of re-

searches. should be a custodian of

public and private records, and pre-
eminently it should be a factor in the
education of the public. It should
be its aim to increase and diffuse
knowledge, to secure and make
known every fact relative to each
object in its possession, to preserve
as complete and full data as possible
concerning each. A new fact should
be more highly prized than simple
additien to the cabinet without cor-
responding contributions to science.
The forming of collections is of ines-
timable value in facilitating the study
of nature, science and history, and
cannot well be over-estimated; but
that work need not and should not
interfere with or preclude the opera-
tion of the higher functions of a mu-
seum.

Indispensable adjuncts to a museum
are libraries, laboratories for the
prosecution of original and special
investigations, schools for the train-
ing of its own workers in the best

methods of study known, and of

still greater importance, the publica-
tion of the results of its work. It is
no longer the height of ambition
with great institutions to secure the

greatest accumulation of material;

| but that institution stands highest

that makes the best use of what it
has, and presents the most thorough
contributions to knowledge through
its mediums of communication with
the world.

THE SCOPE.

As its name implies, The West
American Museum of Nature and
Art, possesses as its immediate field
of operation the western half ot the
American continent — from Alaska
to Cape Horn. But it is not pro-
posed to limit the scope of the
museum even to this broad field. It
is hoped that large and exhaustive
collections representing both fauna
and flora, mineral wealth and pre-
historic remains of the two Americas
and of the isles of the great Pacific
may ultimately be brought together;
and then, Africa, Asia and Europe
would be called upon to contribute
freely of their natural objects and
works of art. Thus early, they have
contributed a no small number to the
nucleus of our museum, so that it is
folly to think of restricting such an
‘nstitution in any line, except as its
immediate finances may render neces-
sary.

THE NUCLEUS.

It is not desirable to here enter
into details regarding the C. R. Or-
cutt Miscellaneous Collections which
now constitute the nucleus around
which the museum is rapidly grow-
ing. Suffice it tosay that these
very miscellaneous collections in-
clude shells from every clime, thous-
ands of minerals and fossils, arche-
ological remains (principally Ameri-
can), birds, eggs, insects and num-
berless other classes of objects need-
less now to enumerate.

THE DIVISION OF BOTANY.

The museum is already, necessarily,
divided into various sections, of
which the Division of Botany is es-
pecially important. The herbarium
like the other collections, is particu-
larly representative of Southern and
Lower California. A fine series of
wood sections of California, Eastern
and West Indian trees and shrubs,
with fruit and seeds, is an important

IO

feature; while another economic feat-
ure is the collection of native grasses
and other economic plants.

It is our policy to first develop as
fully as possible the local resources,
gradually widening out as our means
and experience will justify. Great
things require time, and not in one
generation may we hope to accom-
plish what it has taken ages for
others to do.

THE BOTANIC GARDEN.

A very important feature, which
we hope soon to see established, is a
botanic garden and_ experimental
grounds in connection with the mu-
seum. This will prove a most valu-
able adjunct to our work, and the
introduction and distribution of seeds
and plants will doubtless render this
a popular attraction.

THE LIBRARY.

West America is virtually without
any great library of science. Our
students are now compelled, in their
prosecutions of original investiga-
tions, to consult eastern, and in many
cases, European libraries, before
they can safely present to the world
the results of their studies, without
danger of duplication and needless
confusion. What an artizan’s tools
are to a workman, are books to the
naturalist. Without them he is
centuries behind his age. Can we
hope to supply this vacancy in West
America?

A feature too often overlooked,
one that should be prominent in
every library, is the preservation of
local history. No library is nearly
complete without complete files of
-all the newspapers, magazines, post-
ers and circulars as it is possible to
secure especially those which may at
some time in the future throw light on
the past. Every book or other pub-
lication, containing even the slight-
est reference to the region, should be
preserved, and especially all govern-
ment reports and scientific papers—
often tugitive essays in foreign
papers or magazines or in the pro-
ceedings of some society far removed.
These papers are often indispensable
to the historical or biological student,

The West American. Scientist. .

to enable him to avoid error, incom-
pleteness and injustice to others, who,
unknown to him, are engaged in the
same lines of thought.

IN CONCLUSION.

It is hoped that these few lines
may interest many in our work.
The display collections are being ar-
ranged and will in due time be avail-
able to the public at Stough Hall,
San Diego College of Letters, Pacific
Beach, Calif., where friends will al-
ways ‘be welcome. Any one who
so desires can aid us in the vast work
before us. No contribution, however
small. to either the museum or library
but that will be of value.

It is our policy to conduct the
museum as an independent institu-
tion. Yet, the college and museum
may be of mutual assistance. The
little collections, originally displayed
on a tea plate, have grown to too
large proportions for one pair of
hands. Their usefulness will be in-
creased by the two institutes work-
ing harmoniously together. The
work calls for many hands and
greater means to render the greatest
results, in benefits to mankind, at-
tainable. CR. Orcutt.

Miss Hoft and Miss Lyons have
again distinguished~ themselves in
Prof. Hill’s musical contest.

An old Quaker lady tells in her
quaint way this story of Emerson:
‘‘Thee knows that when Mr. Emer-
son was abroad he went to Egypt,
and while there he stood one morn-
ing in front of the Sphinx and gazed
long and earnestly at the silent fig-
ure. There they stood, Emerson
gazing at the Sphinx and the Sphinx
at Emerson. Thesilence was heavy.
Suddenly the lips of the stone figure
trembled, and the mystic words,
“You're another!’ fell from them.”’

Lown Lopics speaks of the sus-
pension of a comic paper as ‘‘another
burst of mirth.”’

The sheriff is a-reading man; he
a take a paper when pA SDRy else
wl

Literary and Educational Supplement.

IT

Among the Wits.

IN LIGHTER VEIN.

Isn’t this p. q. liar?

A light head goes with a dark
mind.

Asa dentist, Dr. C—, is always
equal toothe acheasion.

Song of the baker—Little Annie
Rooney Is My Sweet Tart.— Wash-
ington Flatchet.

Any one who disturbs the atmo-
sphere of study, is in danger of rais-

ing a breeze.

‘Learn to say no to thyself.’’ It
is also well to learn to say it aloud.

Professor: ‘‘Does the question
embarrass you?’ Student: ‘‘ No,
sir, the question is quite clear; it is
the answer that bothers me.’’—E*x.

Rare compound of oddity, frolic
and fun,
To relish a joke, and rejoice in a dun!
— Goldsmith.

The high school girl graduate,
says Chatter, wanted to see a famous
man:
pare this is your « ditorial room, is
ri tah CSints

‘“‘And are all these gentlemen ed-
itors?

MMesoe

“Which one of them is We?’’

‘“ Here’s a question,’’ said the In-
formation Editor, “that I can’t an-
swer. The man wants to know
‘how long girls should be courted?’ ”’

‘‘ Just the same as short girls,” re-
turned the Obituary Editor.

“Mr. Francis Galton is authority
for the statement that, among the
masses of the population, the brain
usually ceases to grow after the age
of nineteen.”’

Perfectly natural. By the time
one is nineteen, he has as much “big
head’’ as nature can stand.

_ “John,” said his solicitous mother,
on his return home for vacation—

‘‘What makes you so lazy and list- |

less?’ ‘*Too much commencement
~ d
exercise,’ answered the hopeful.

PUBLIC SAFETY

DEMANDS

That only honest and reliable medicines
should be placed upon the market. It can-
not, therefore, be stated too emphatically,
nor repeated too often, that all who are in
need of a genuine Blood- purifier should
be sure and ask for

Ayer’s

Sarsaparilla. Your life, or that of some one
near and dear to you, may depend on the
use of this well-approved remedy in prefer-
ence to any other preparation of similar
name. It is compounded of Honduras sar-
saparilla (the variety most rich in curative
properties), stillingia, mandrake, yellow
dock, and the iodides. The process of man-
ufacture is original, skilful, scrupulously
clean, and such as to secure the very best
medicinal qualities of each ingredient. This
medicine is not boiled nor heated, and is,
therefore, not a decoction; but it is a com-
pound extract, obtained by a method ex-
clusively our own, of the best and most
powerful alteratives, tonics, and diuretics
known to pharmacy. For the last forty
years, Ayer’s

Sarsaparilla

‘has been the standard blood-purifier of the
world—no other approaching it in popular
confidence or universal demand. Its form-
ula is approved by the leading physicians
and druggists. Being pure and highly con-
centrated, it is the most economical of any
possible blood medicine. Every purchaser
of Sarsaparilla should insist upon having
this preparation and see that each bottle
bears the well-known name of

J.C. Ayer & Co.,
Lowell, Mass.

In every quarter of the globe Ayer’s Sar,
saparilla is proved to be the best remedy for
all diseases of the blood. Lowell druggists
unite in testifying to the superior excellence
of this medicine and to its great popularity
in the city of its manufacture.

Ayer’s Sarsaparilla

PREPARED BY

DR. J. C. AYER & CO., Lowell, Mass.

Sold by Druggists. $1, six 5. Worth $5 a bottle,

I2

J. C. SPRIGG, JR.
Pierce-Morse Block, 6th & F Streets,

SAN DIEGO, CAL.
Representing the Best Foreign and American

Fire, Life and Accident Companies
ASSETS OVER $60,000,000.

SAN DIEGO ABSTRACT CO.

SEARCHERS OF RECORDS.
Pierce-Morse Block, 6th &F Sts, San Diego, Cal.

STECK PIANOS LEAD

GREAT POWER
EVENNESS OF SCALE
RICH SINGING QUALITY
WELL BALANCED TONE
ABSOLUTE DURABILITY.

GEO. J. BIRKEL,
1050 & 1052 FOURTH STREET,
, SAN DIEGO, CAL.

HORTON HOUSE

Bath aud Shaving Parlors.

First-class Work Guaranteed.

FRED. SCHAETZ, Proprietor.

GOOD WORK.
TS cet each Fe
~CLARI

GRTISTIG « PRINTING,
864 Fifth St- “<“ ~~

LOW PRICES.

- San Diego.

H. E. DOOLITTLE,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,

1027 Fourth Street, San Diego, (al.

The West American Scientist.

JNSURANCE-LOANS. @ KNOTT & VAN HAREN,

Prescription Druggists.

Cor. 6th and D Sts., San Diego, Cal.
Telephone 201. P. O. Box 935.

JAMES A.BARCLAY,
DIAMONDS, FINE WATCHES, :

SOLID SILVER WARE.
No. 864 FIFTH STREET,

San DiEGo, Cau.

LOUIS DAMPF,
ART STORE.

944 SIXTH STREET,
Bet. D and E. - = San DiE@o, CAL.
Manufacturer of and Dealer in

MIRRORS, MOULDINGS, PICTURES AND FRAMES,

Show Cases of Every Description Made to Order. and —
Re-Du ne equal to New.

MINERALS.

Oo
Our 100 page Illustrated Catalogue Free
to those who mention this Journal.

(2) Scientific Papers and Notes, 41 pages.
classified list of all Mineral Species, giving Chemical
Composition and Crystallographic Form, 31 pages,
(c) An Index of some 30U0 Mineralogical names,
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copies, 25cts., postpaid.

In our two stores will be found the largest, finest
and most complete stock of Minerals in the U. S.
We are the only firm in the Country who confine
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GEO. L. ENGLISH & CO.,
Dealers in Minerals,
1512 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
.89 & 741 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.

GOOD SHOES.

(2) A

are a blessing to mankind. Mean shoes are
not: never were: never will be. Mean men
generally sell mean shoes. Mean shoes are
made for the money there is in them for. the
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Yours respectfully,

HAVERMALE & ROSSIER,
THE SHOEMEN.
BON TON BLOCK, D STREET,
SAN DIEGO CAL,

Literary and Educational Supplement. I?

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‘Bradt & McKee,- Try our $3. SHOES.

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THE AMERICAN NATURALIST

A MONTHLY JOURNAL 611 & 613 FIFTH STREET,
Devoted to the cee dati in their widest BAN DEEGO, OAL:
EDITED BY

PROF. E, D, COPE...AnD..PROF. J. S. KINGSLEY.

Tbe July number of the AMERICAN NaTURALIsT wil] | Only Exclusive View House in the City. Developing
be made especially noteworthy and valuable by an Printing, Materials, Etc., for Amateur
illustrated article by Prof. Cope, on The Cetacea, Photographers.

The illustrations for this article have largely been
Made from specimens obtained by Prof. Cope himself,|}9 9 0 00 0000000000 00
and many of which are now in his possession. ‘The
article will be a masterly resume of the present state

of the most advanced scientific knowledge in this C W J U D D
highly interesting department of zoological investiga- & B 9
tion. -

*.* The December number and index for ER
the year 1889 are now ready, and will be sent to any fi '
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is the last of the back numbers to be furnished, and
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LOG CABINS. “Few to Build and Furnish them,

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Cloth. Fourth and enlarged edition, 264 pages, numerous illustrations and fifty
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611 Hints and Points for Sportsmen.

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Of this book the New York Herald says; ‘‘If there are any sportsmen so wise that

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The Stamp Colleetor’s Journal,
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(Original throughout. Devoted to
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ae
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Literary and Educational Supplement.

47,

from Ohio. Here isa
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Botany of;;California. |
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20 The West American Scientist.

PORTRAIT OF

CHARLES DARWIN.

— —

A new etching by G. Nercier, of Paris, pupil and colaboration of the
eminent Rajon, recently deceased.

Size of plate 1214x15% inches. One of the finest etched portraits ever
executed; showing in every detail the lines of character in the facial ex-
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artistic skill by this master of the etchings-needle that the whole effect
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A grand portrait of a grand man.

25 Remarque proofs on parchment, - $30.00
75 Proofs on parchment, ite - 20.00
100 Artists’ proofs, - - - 15.00
100 Prints, - - : - 10.00

300 Impressions in all. Plate destroyed.

ROBERT M, LINDSAY, Publisher,

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/ ‘ v
i) vant i
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28
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a’ hy?