QH 95.3 .W516 MOLL \oet tanerwcon Soult Vib (cdhote no. bY) | hy Ninel: ete re 4 pis ad * , Peete a - he ern”, YP ed od Ww ; J) st! Vouume VIII. MARCH, 1892. WuHuo te No. 64. ot a) inst NIAT ed MAY 3.0 1989 THE a West American Scientist, A Popular Monthly Review and Record for the Pacifie Coast. ge } CONTENTS: PAGE SHOLIECSMIOULCONT, . . «eS Rabeeaera Ns Aensd ve pivie sv 5s Diakece bow bob Frontispiece. FLOWERS IN CALIFORNIA: Roses; Chrysanthemums; Carna- Hotss PelarvOniume as Wael Obes Sooo ha a eiay We rayile sree sage wee 3 Native California Shrubbery: The Toyon and Romneya............ 5 Ornamental Foreign Shrubs. Tllustrated................... 00.0008 7 The Heyptian Lotus. ‘Tistrateds h.0) kas. eee eld bnc ewe w onan 9 Novelties of 1892........:.....-.. ah AR ak oly a ig Res cree 10 Notes on Planting: Borders; The Araucarian Pines; The Garden’s LOR aca cis ls» 's on eee ee eieen ont Sipe e Miss K. O. Sessions. 10 enorme Salis, Tinea wile dese y deat so aass oon ass pies sn. Deeks 13 PA CBUROTIB 3 /4)5'0'b:0. a> 0 ceed Salad wie Wie e's dle Mrs. Theodosia B. Shepherd. 19 Mlowere——Ar POM s.'.\, sige chen n «cite wie bide eens Mrs. A. L. Barbauld. 17 ManUle OWA E PUIG, atte tans s ding, ald Suse sweat oied sles «hase ea melen 18 Onittird OF CansOrnis BURN n Lirs.c sce poeeare bicee sce wae Carl Purdy. 18° What Chrysanthemuma ai Flant ood. iw aes v e's. os beevc ces Castetes ere 20 And The Desert Shall Blossom as The Rose,............2.00s0eee: 22 WUGNOTIAN sky heres a Se ry Ogee ts a Hue aris niet En «8 25 URC ORAL ars 5! anne ea tyne hain aia NC ARO Noe aes 2 ALTA Stan sg Samar 25 RMS a niastcls ie PCh sO RN ak aie Pilani aIC Ta ae bey Sak tae aie, Pha 29 The Eagle’s Song—A Poem........0.. 0.6 e ee eee ee Mrs, E. E. Orcutt. 30 C. R. ORCUTT, Publisher. Log Angeles, Orcutt and San Diego, California. PRICE 20 CENTS. — ° $2.00 a YEAR. © Naturalist and Taxidermists Tannine For Dressing Furs——o OPLES PF OnE Price STORE Riverside, Cal. } d Chil. o——No Experience Needed. | CLOTHING Sept, SOS gtnt'’s Fur: One half the labor saved in making | Mats by using our Papier Mache Heads | ps Send ten cents for full catalogue. Frank Blake Webster Company, ) | . . 7 Franklin St. Boston, Muss, | Increase the beauty and convenience of Your Collection by using NEAT LABELS, 8upplied by the OBSERVER, Portland, Ct Perfect in quality, and acknowledged the . Standard in size and style. Send for Price List and Samples, Have you seen THE OBSERVER A medium of interchange ot chee aughe or all Students and Lovers of Nature, devoted depar.ments of Nature studies. Send for a ee Lopy. Address EDWARD F. BIGELOW, Publisher and Printer, NO 6 WAVERLY AVE.. PORTLAND, CONN ; ; raise kK— Mineralogist’s Record Book. A book for the use of Mineral Col- lectors who desire to keep a complete record of each specimen in their col- lection, Endorsed by the leading collectors, Price, in strong. flexible covers, 50 cts. paper covers. 35cts. Contains space for recording 450 specimens. Address. F R, STEARNS, PuBLISHER Sac City. Iowa, Or this office. - Prospectus Free. STATIONERS, ~ Booksellers, Paper Dealers And School Furnishers. 762 Fifth st. SAN DIEGO, | ete nishings, Hats, Boots, Trunks, Valises, Blankets, Our Motto Quick Sales and Small Profits. JULIUS BERNSTEIN. J. S. BUCK, IMPORTER AND DEALER IN SEWER : : PIPE. Terra Cotta Chimneys, Stoneware, Ready Roof- ing and Building Papers. ‘Elsinore Pottery Store Corner Fifth and L Streets San Diego, Cal. EY. VAN NORMAN, ML D. Dacummaree|s) and) URGEON. Office, 927 Sixth St. OFFICE HOURS: 10tol2a.m, andito3p,m 8 r and evenings.Residence, corner Sth and Maple streeta TELEPHONE 174. San Diego, Cal. Telephone 169—— Dr. S. REAL. -==DENTIST Pierce-Morse Block, Rooms 7 to 10, F. St., cor. 6th., San Diego. ‘HENRY CG. LANGREHR, COUNTY SURVEYOR. ) Homestead, Timber Culture, and Entries A 1318 D Bt. “San Diego, Cal. ie ROMNEYA COULTERI. FLOWERS IN CALIFORNIA. ROSES. Could anyone desire roses more beautiful than those of Cal- ‘ifornia! Here they attain a perfection which may well excite the envy of less favored regions. They lend an idealistic beauty to our gardens and a soft radiance to our oftentimes embowered houses, that go far towards mitigating the everyday cares, fur- nishing a source of never-ending and ever-increasing enjoyment. Roses easily adapt themselves to circumstances and will grow with but little care, but a healthy bush and an abundance of flowers is always the reward of generous treatment. They do best in a rich loamy or clayey soil, and can safely be planted any time from February 1st to the last of May, or in the fall. When planting cut the bushes back to sound eyes turning outward. Re- move all weakly wood, spread the roots out naturally, and trim broken ends smooth. If the plant is from a pot and the ball still remains, loosen it slightly before setting in the ground. Firm the soil around the plant well, being careful to surface with dry, pul- verized earth. Only water when the plant shows signs of need- ing it, and give no fertilizer until the first growth has hardened. CHRYSANTHEMUMS. For centuries past the Japanese have regarded the Chrys- anthemum with a peculiarly intense national love. Gradually it has won its way in our own country, until to-day it is second only to the rose in popularity. During the last few years wonderful strides have been made in the production of new varieties, many 4 Flowers in California. of them being so unique and varied in color and fantastic in form, as to baffle the skill of the artist in description. Chrysanthemums come at a time of year when other flowers are the scarcest, even roses in the open ground having ceased to bloom. They have a flowering season extending over a period of several months, and the expanded flowers last a long time either on the bush or when cut. No garden is complete without its collection of these beautiful flowers. Chrysanthemums, when grown in pots or open ground, should have rich soil and be kept growing continuously. A sunshiny, sheltered location is best. Plenty of water should be given, and as the flowering season approaches, regular applications of weak manure water should be made. If very large show flowers are desired, cut away all side shoots, leaving only one or two of the strongest stems and as many buds. The most satisfactory way is to pinch back the small plants to induce vigorous bushy growth; allow a number of strong shoots to remain, from which remove from one-half to two-thirds of the flower buds. The result will be an abundance of large-sized flowers. CARNATIONS. Carnations are universally planted and admired. They are so easily grown in all parts of California, embrace such a diversity of beautifui shades and colors, and have such a delightful fra- grance, that no garden is complete without its bed or border of carnations. Carnations will thrive in any good garden soil, the richer the better, but fertilizers. should never be brought in direct contact with the plants. Long, straggly shoots or over-vigorous growths should be stopped by pinching until a strong, bushy, symmetrical plant is formed, when flower shoots may be allowed to grow; give plenty of water when growing vigorously and when flowering. PELARGONIUMS. Pelargoniums, or Lady Washington Geraniums as they are sometimes called, grow ‘and blossom with remarkable luxuriance in California, particularly in the coast counties. ‘They furnish at nearly all seasons of the year a profusion of flowers, whose unique 4 Native California Shrubbery. 5 colorings it is most difficult to describe. Pelargoniums are among the most satisfactory flowers that can be planted, as they grow vigorously for years, and require but little care when once estab- lished. Plant in warm, sunny, well-drained locations, in good soil, pinch in over-vigorous shoots to keep the plant symmetrical. Give water sufficient for its growth and keep faded flowers cut off. VIOLETS. The sweet, modest Violet has won a warm place in the affec- tions of the people of California. It is particularly popular on account of the ease with which it can be grown, the large size and abundance of the flowers produced and the long flowering season. Violets delight in a partially shaded location and during the growing and blooming season should not lack for water. If large, fine flowers are desired, the plants must be given plenty of room and kept free from runners. All the varieties make pretty borders. NATIVE CALIFORNIA SHRUBBERY. The Toyon, or California Christmas berry (Heteromeles arbu- tifolia) is one of the handsomest evergreen shrubs on the Pacific Coast. The dark evergreen foliage, its clear cut habit and its sprays of white blossoms in its season render it attractive. But above all its other charms are the brilliant clusters of fruit at Christmas time, which were early recognized as a convenient substitute for Christmas holly. The shrub is well worthy of ex- tensive cultivation aside from its fruit, which is edible, and when its qualities, useful and ornamental, are better appreciated it will be extensively planted. The Giant California White Poppy (Romneya Coulteri) is one of the most stately plants belonging to our state, and lacked but few votes of being elected for our state flower, instead of the more brilliant Eschscholtzia. A portrait of this waxy white flower is given on first page. It is grown from seeds or cuttings, or roots may be transplanted. It is a half woody shrub, and the flowers, in cultivation, have actually been measured that were nine inches across. The shrub grows from two feet to fifteen feet in height in most favored localities. PRIDE OF INDIA. Ornamental Foreign Shrubs. 7 ORNAMENTAL FOREIGN SHRUBS. Among foreign varieties of shrubbery that have proved well adapted to culture in Southern California, the following species seem worthy of special and more extended attention than they have yet received. The Chinese Rice-paper Tree (Aralia papyrifera), a native of the shady swamps of Formosa, is always a handsome plant by reason of its magnificent ricinus-like foliage. The so-called rice- paper of China and Japan is made from the pith ofthe stem. The plant delights ina partially shaded and moist situation, and when in bloom is greatly admired by every one. As yet this species has only received attention in this country as an orna- mental greenhouse plant; adapted to out-door culture in southern Florida and California, and it may ultimately be of economic value. Magnolia exoniensis is a splendid flowering shrub from China, similar to the evergreen Magnolia of the southern United States. It bears magnificent, large, white flowers when but a foot high. The Pride of India (Melia Azedarach), a native of southern Asia, and Australia, is an important avenue tree, valuable be- cause of its ability to withstand sterility of soil and a dry climate. It produces an abundance of fragrant flowers, which may perhaps be worth distilling for its essential oil. Although deciduous, it retains its foliage late in the season. The tree is also known as the Pride of China, China berry tree, and, in this country is perhaps best known as the Texas Umbrella tree, since it was first grown in this country in Texas, and because of its broad spreading top—a characteristic well shown in the accompanying illustration. Grevillea robusta, a beautiful tree for the lawn or sidewalk, is a native of Australia, of rapid growth, and attains a hight of one hundred and fifty feet. It resists drouth in a remarkable degree. The rich golden yellow trusses of flowers add not a little to its attractiveness—a feature fully appreciated by the busy bee and the more brilliant hummer. In the east it is greatly prized as a greenhouse pot plant because of its fern-like foliage and sym- metrical and graceful habit of growth. The flowering crab apple(Pyrus Parkmanni) makes a beautiful tree, and the flowers when open droop on slender stems in grace- ful clusters like the cherry. The buds are a deep carnation, the flowers semi-double. The rose crab is now generally catalogued 8 Ornamental Foreign Shrubs. as Pyrus spectabilis. The illustration herewith imperfectly shows the beauty and grace of its sprays of bloom. The Gold-dust tree (Aucuba Japonica) is a handsome green- house shrub, adapted to out door life with us, and is one of our very best foliage plants. It is a native of Japan and China, the green leaves flaked with golden yellow. Swainsona alba is a dainty shrub, worthy of wide culture because of its beautiful foliage, its small and symmetrical growth, The Egyptian Lotus. ) andtits spikes of pure white, pea-like flowers. It is destined inev itably to become a great favorite. Breath of Heaven (Diosma alba—from dios, divine, and osme, odor) is a shrub admired by many for its heath-like foliage which yields a delightful but powerful perfume. | When in bloom the plant is completely covered with star-like, white flowers, which are useful for cut flower work. THE EGYPTIAN LOTUS. wy LOA 4 aN) | ava Js P The sacred lotus of India and China (Nelumbium spe ciosum) was cultivated in Egypt in most ancient times. The leaves of this wonderful tropical plant grown in cul- tivation, have measured thirty inches across, on stalks five and six feet long, and with flower stalks five to seven feet. The first day the flowers appear like gigantic tea rose buds, of a bright rosy color. The second day they open like a tulip, the base of the petals being creamy white, most beautifully and deli- cately shading into bright WW ee wegeee pink at the tips. When PANS A fully expanded the flowers measure ten to thirteen inches from tip to tip of petals, and are delightfully fragrant. Although a tropical plant, this has proved entirely hardy in this country, and gives pleasure to many a country home in America. When placed in a pond it spreads rapidly, being of a rambling nature. The cut, kindly loaned for our use by Mr. E. D. Sturtevant, who is well known for his love of rare water lilies, shows a fine plant confined in a tub. 10 Novelties of 1892. NOVELTIES OF 1892. Among the novelties in plants for 1892 are two striking forms of Arbutilons, raised in California this past year. The following brief description will be found of interest to the lovers of this beautiful genus. GOLDEN Purr. ‘The flowers of this are very large and bril- liant, of a rich chrome yellow, anda satiny lustre. The petals are contracted like a puff, hence the name. It grows tall, with large green foliage marked with black veining or stains, the stems also blackish. It is sure to be a welcome accession to every col- lection of Arbutilons. THE WEEPING ARBUTILON. ‘The flowers of this are spread like a partially opened umbrella, the petals crumpled and folded somewhat like a half-opened umbrella, in a very novel style. The flowers are large, of an orange chrome veined and marked with carmine in quite a peculiar manner. The weeping habit of the rather tall growing plant is another characteristic, which gives the variety its name. A charming sort, and a novelty which anyone might well be proud of introducing. NOTES ON PLANTING. BORDERS. A perfect border is a great addition to a well-kept garden, it is, in fact, a necessity about the flower beds. ‘How to make and keep a border in order,’ is a frequent question. In the first place, we must remember that most border plants are annuals, and that their season of perfection is short, which in colder climates is ended by frosts. Not so in California; here they live throughout the year, and look shabby but do not die. Such border plants must.be destroyed and a new crop of seedlings or slips re-set. This means time, labor, and money, but there is no other alter- native if you would have a handsome border. There are a few exceptions, of course, and the more lasting borders are the more desirable ones. The yellow feverfew or golden feather can be planted at any season, must never be allowed to bloom and requires some trim- ming or shearing. It needs to be replanted about every nine Notes on Planting. II months. ‘The low-growing pink oxalis and the tall yellow sort are excellent winter blooming plants that increase very rapidly by bulblets, and must be dug and re-set in May or June when the plant dies down, otherwise it becomes fairly a pest all over the yard. The dwarf Mad. Saleroi geranium is one of the most lasting borders. It requires some trimming, and re-planting at least every eighteen months. Echeveria makes one of the easiest kept borders. It is the plant known as ‘Old Hen and Chicks.’ It can be grown to make any width of border, and if the rosettes are too thick, they are easily thinned out. The red and yellow altenantheras are choice border plants. They grow best in warm weather, and should be planted in May or June. In the winter the top is often nipped’ by the cold but the roots are uninjured. In April trim back the tops. Shearing is necessary to grow a good border. The name of the Florence hotel and the Hotel del Coronado is made of this plant. Lobelia is a pretty border plant, but requires trimming and frequent replanting to keep it in order. Blue Ageratum is good for a border, growing possibly a foot high. The variegated or silver thyme is much used about San Francisco—but is rarely seen here. The violets make an excellent border for all north and northeast beds. They should be divided and re-set in May, and are in bloom during winter and spring. The daisy also requires a shady location. The variegated dew plant is excellent if a wide border can be grown—one foot to eighteen inches. No department of garden- ing has been more neglected here than this one, but during the past year more interest has been shown, and in time all will be willing to work hard for the returns—good borders we can and must have. THE ARAUCARIAN PINES. Few plants can compare with the noble genus of araucarias for symmetry of growth and elegant proportions. All the species are among the choicest of conservatory plants in the United States and Europe, while here they are grown successfully in the open ground without winter protection. The araucarias are of very slow growth, but when mature are very large trees. It is very rarely that this fact is considered when one is planting them. In consequence, we see these beauti- 12 Notes on Planting. ful trees at ten years, even, crowded in by shrubbery, fences or barn, and the pruner begins his work. The symmetry and regu- larity of growth is destroyed and the plant utterly ruined. The araucaria should never be pruned at any time—to do so is barbarous. It would be better to cut to the ground than to let it stand a helpless deformity. They are most effective on large lawns and are not suitable for a small grass plot crowded with everything that you admire and must have. Nearly everyone is familiar with the ‘Norfolk island pine’ which is Araucaria excelsa. This variety is quite sensitive to frost and is therefore not seen growing so well in Northern Cal- ifornia. It also requires more room to spread, needing fully fifty feet of ground for perfect growth. Araucaria Bidwellii is a very beautiful sort and is a strong contrast to Araucaria excelsa. It has a dark, dense foliage, formidable indeed if you dare approach, intended by nature to fight well against the mutilations of the pruner. Araucaria Bidwellii will grow absolutely perfect if let alone, a fine example of such treatment being in the plant at the old Cowles place, El Cajon—twenty-five feet high—a veritable monu- ment to its planters. It has not a scar, uot a limb gone. A tree of this species bore last year thirteen cones, each weighing from five to seven pounds, but none of the seed ripened. Araucaria imbricata is the most striking and singular, the rarest and most expensive of all the species. It, as well as A. Bidwellii, is sometimes called the ‘monkey tree,’ as they are said to be the only trees a monkey cannot climb. This species branches symmetrically, but the leaves are like small scaly spines set close on the limb, making the tree appear as though it were without foliage. There is but one plant in San Diego (to my knowledge) large enough to show its characteristics. This plant,which is at the northeast corner of Fourth and Maple, now about two and one-half feet high, will in five years stand six to seven feet high, and at that hight could not be replaced for less than $50. The finest specimens in the state are at San Francisco and Oakland and should be examined by everyone interested in choice plants, as the beauty is developed with age, and no idea can be formed from a small plant. It will grow from fifty to one hundred feet high and is a native of Chile. California Palms. 13 Araucaria Brasiliensis, from Brazil, is represented by two plants in San Diego. With age this variety drops its lower branches, leaving a bare trunk. THE GARDEN’S STORY. ‘The Garden’s Story is a most charming little book by G. H. Ellwanger that I hope everyone interested in gardening will own. It is full of practical suggestions and the following are worth heeding: Whatever is worth growing at all is worth growing well. Study soil and exposure and cultivate no more space than can be maintained in perfect order. Plant thickly; it is easier and more profitable to raise flowers than weeds. Avoid stiffness and exact balancing; garden vases and garden flowers need not necessarily be used in pairs. A flower is essentially feminine and demands attention as the price of its smiles. Let there be harmony and beauty of color. Magenta in any form is a discord that should never jar. In studying color effects do not overlook white as a foil; white is the lens of the garden’s eye. Think twice and then still think before placing a tree, shrub or plantin position. Think thrice before removing a specimen tree. Grow an abundance of flowers for cutting; the bees and butterflies are not entitled to all the spoils. Love a flower in advance and plant something every year. Show me a well ordered garden and I will show you a genial home. Miss K. O. Sessions. CALIFORNIA PALMS. No class of plants adds so much to the tropical beauty of Cal- ifornia gardens as the stately but ever-graceful palms. They are among the noblest-and most admired of trees, in every country in which they thrive. For grand avenues or landscape effects they are unexcelled. Plant them in good soil, and give plenty of water the first year until the roots become established. The ground should be occasionally loosened and pulverized. All the palms indigenous to Upper California belong to the 14 California Palms. genus Washingtonia. Just south of the Mexican border another genus, Erythea, occurs, a second species of which is found on the ‘lone sweet isle amid the sea’ named Guadalupe. This island is situated about two hundred miles from San Diego and one hun- dred miles from the mainland of Baja California. Erythea armata, known to seedsmen as Brahea glauca, B. Roetzlii, and by some other names, is the beautiful blue palm, so greatly prized because of its lovely color, and its slow growth— which keeps it easily within the bounds of a conservatory. Erythea edulis (better known as Brahea edulis) is of much more rapid growth, of a rather dark green, the leaves fan-shaped (as in all our species). This is a very graceful species, and sev- eral have reached a productive age at Santa Barbara and San Diego. The fruit is edible like that of our other palms. Of Washingtonia two varieties are recognized by horticultu- rists and by some botanists— W. filifera and W. robusta. Portraits of the two forms are herewith presented, but char- acters supposed to _ distin- WE Nr x AANA : LINN \\ Typical plants of either can ) =~ probably be grown from seed ANY from the same tree. \\ NY Among foreign varieties of \\ \ palms that thrive in southern California, the following are a few of the best. Chamzerops excelsa. An \\ upright, symmetrical, fan palm NY with deeply notched leaves. Hardy and one of the finest decorative lawn plants. Seaforthia elegans. Broadly Lee = pinnated leaves of arich green, at F==" one of the most graceful palms. WASHINGTONIA FILIFERA. for the conservatory. Phoenix canariensis. The best of the ornamental varieties. WASHINGTONIA ROBUSTA. 16 Suggestions. of date palm; graceful, long recurved, pinnate leaves, and hardy. Cocos Australis. One of the hardiest of palms, and one of great beauty. Cocos plumosa. Elegant, plume-like foliage. Cycas revoluta. One of the best dwarf decorative plants, the ‘sago palm,’ though more nearly related to the pines than the palms. Sabal palmetto. The Palmetto is one of the noblest of palms, attaining a height of forty feet. Sabal adansoni. Dwarf palmetto, a stemless fan palm, and one o1 the hardiest. Latania borbonica. Glossy, drooping, fan-shaped leaves, the most useful and beautiful of palms for house decoration or lawn. SUGGESTIONS. In Southern California below the frost belt—begonias, primulas, ferns of all kinds, and shade-loving plants thrive in a lath house partially shaded by vines. Most.begonias are fine bedding plants in sheltered locations. Begonia rubra is a wonderful grower. It often reaches a hight of fifteen feet Best vines for verandas: Begonias, Tecoma Jasminoides, Campsidium felicifolium, jasmines, and Thunbergia laurifolia. Best vines for screens, summer houses and growing in trees: Passifloras, Cobzea, Mandevilla and Ipomeeas. Don’t fail to try Mina lobata, as easily grown as a morning glory, and so beautiful every one ‘raves over it.’ ; The new Ipomea, ‘Heavenly Blue,’ a child of Ipomcea Leari and Mina lobata, is indescribably beautiful. The large flowering blue stock is extremely pretty. Giant Perfection stock is superb, delights all. The new seedling fuschia, Gen. Vandever, is worthy of all praise, flowers large and beautiful, a fine climber. The perpetual blooming Cyclamen Mt. Blanc is greatly admired, too much cannot be said in its praise. Cereus triangularis is a most interesting variety of this gro- tesque family. Grown without support it rambles over the ground, planted near a house it becomes ambitious. A large Suggestions. 17 specimen of this cactus is eight years old. The first four years it contented itself with clambering on the ground and about the lower part of the veranda. Four yearsago it commenced to climb, and has now reached the roof of the second story of the house, thirty-five feet from the ground. It has sent out innumerable great triangular branches in every direction, attaching itself by long, white roots, which loosen as the branches become strong and hang like a gray fringe all over the plant. It reaches across the windows on the upper and lower verandas, twists itself under the ceiling for several yards, winds about the railing and has thrown one branch out ten or fifteen feet, which hangs pendulous in a white Lamarque rose near it. The flowers open at 5 p. m. and close at 10 a. m., they measure twelve inches across, are double, creamy white outside, petals yellow, thestems two inches in diameter. This cactus is said to be one of the curiosities of the United States, being the largest of its kind known. Mrs. Theodosia B. Shepherd. FLOWERS. (Selected from Mrs, A. L. Barbauld, an English author who died in 1825, aged 82.) With flowers the Graces bind their yellow hair, And flowery wreathes consenting lovers wear. Flowers, the sole luxury which Nature knew, In Eden’s pure and guiltless gardens grew. To loftier forms are rougher tasks assigned; The sheltering oak resists the stormy wind, The tougher yew repels invading foes, And the tall pine for future navies grows. But this soft family, to cares unknown, Were born for pleasure and delight alone; Gay without toil, and lovely without art, They spring to cheer the sense and glad the heart. 18 Culture of California Bulbs. HORTICULTURAL SCHOLARSHIPS. The plans of the late Henry Shaw for making his famous garden at St. Louis useful for botany in the broadest sense, com- prise the establishment of several scholarships’ for young men fitting themselves for the vocation of practical gardeners. In ac- cordance with these plans, his trustees have created six such scholarships, which pay the living expenses of the pupils holding them during the six years of the course, while they are lodged in a cottage adjoining the garden. Three of these scholarships are to be awarded in March next, and young men who wish to com- pete for them can obtain all necessary information by addressing the Director of the Botanical Gardens at St. Louis, Mo. LITTLE KNOWN FRUITS. The tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) is a highly ornamental shrub, a native of South American counties. In Ceylon and India, where it is also cultivated, it is known as the ‘poor man’s fruit,’ and is extensively grown for food. Its delicious fruit ripens out of doors in Southern California from Christmas time to the middle of February. As a greenhouse plant it is well worth attention in the east. The mature fruit is of a saturn red, with a carmine blush and veining, egg-shaped, near the size of a hen’s egg, with solid flesh. The fruit has a fine tomato-like flavor, will bear transportation well, and possesses good keeping qualities. It can be served asa dessert fruit, or may be cooked in a multitude of ways. Also useful for jelly making. It is becoming deservedly popular among its acquaintances, but as yet has been tried by only a few progressive growers. CULTURE OF CALIFORNIA BULBS. In California climate, where the thermometer never registers lower than 14° above zero, my treatment of these bulbs is sub- stantially as follows: CALOCHORTUS. Use boxes eight to twelve inches deep. In the bottom place clay loam three to four inches deep, packing well. On this a thin layer, an inch or so, of sand, in which plant the bulbs. Three inches each way is ample space. The covering ‘Culture of California Bulbs. 19 should be about three inches deep, of thoroughly mixed soil, if sifted, so much thebetter. Should be pressed down firmly. For C. venustus and its varieties, C. luteus, C. splendens, C. Kennedyi, C. maweanus, C. pulchellus, C. nudus, C. Benthamii use a clay loam with about one-tenth chip mold. They require a soil that will pack firmly. C. macrocarpus, C. Gunnisoni, C.Weedii, and C. Palmerii need a sandy loam. During the growing season give plenty of water, less after budding, ceasing entirely after blooming. They can be left in the ground. Bropi#aAs. ‘Thrive under the same treatment as Calochortus, but do better still in a rich, loose soil, of about one-third chip mold, one-third sand, and one-third clay loam. ERYTHRONIUMS. Need a rich soil of mold and clay or sand. Thrifty in sunny locations, but flowers are much finer if grown in the shade. CAMmAssIAS. Loose sandy loam and abundance of water, otherwise as calochortus. FRITILLARIAS. Half shade, loose, rich soil and good drainage. Loam and leaf mold are best. Linies. L. Humboldtii, L. Washingtonianum and LL. ru- bescens, eight inches deep, in shade, with good drainage. Give L. Humboldtii clayey loam, L. rubescens gritty soil and leaf mold, L. Washingtonianum sandy loam and mold. lL. pardalinum, L. parvum, lL. Parryiand IL. marit#mum are bog lilies. Their very best condition of growth is when they can be planted in rich sandy loam or muck, so that the bulb is in drained soil and the roots can run dawn a few inches to water, as on the banks of streams, around springs or on the hummocks inaswamp. For garden purposes a sandy loam, with a good ad- mixture of leaf mold or bog is good. Plant five or six inches deep und give shade and abundant moisture. Clintonia Andrewsiana; Scoliopus Bigelovii and Trillium ovatum are natural to cool, shaded woods, with rich, well-drained soil and abundant moisture. ‘Trillium sessile is a bog plant. Shade, mold and abundant moisture are its requisites. Chlorogalum needs gravelly soil and sunlight. 20 What Chrysanthemums to Plant. My most reliable information from the east, would indicate the following as best treatment: Plant in fall as soon as bulbs can be had, in shallow boxes or pans (five or six inches deep). Use a fine soil of loam and sand, plant bulbs about two to three inches deep, and place in cold frame. Under such conditions fine results have been reached. Do not water too much. Carl Purdy. WHAT CHRYSANTHEMUMS TO PLANT. Among the hosts of new and old sorts of flowers now known, it is often puzzling to know just what varieties are best to plant. The following brief descriptive list has been carefully prepared by two ladies of experience as the varieties best worthy of recom- mendation to Southern Californians. FINE WHITE CHRYSANTHEMUMS. Mrs. M. F. Moseman. Silver Tassel. Mrs. Langtry. Pure white, outside petals quilled, very large and beautiful flower. Blanche Niege. Robert Bottomly. Diana. Lady St. Claire. Pelican. Pure white, large, long, broad, curled florets, long stems and very handsome. Jessie Watson. Very beautiful, small, fine white. Mountain of Snow. Pure white. large and beautiful, fine for exhibition. Bride. White, incurved, drooping petals; one of the best. Christmas Eve. Pure white, incurved, late flowering. Marvel. White with a maroon spot in the center. Mrs. Alpheus Hardy. Pure white, incurved, reverse of petals thickly set with teathery-like hairs, remarkable, and of great beauty. M. Boucot. Most perfect pink white. Lacinata. Very distinct, very fine fringed; petals white. Edna Craig. Lovely white, large perfect flower, anemone center. Mrs. Cleveland. Pure white, with long, tubular petals. Lady St. Claire. Incurved, white. Chrysanthemums. 21 Mrs. Irving Clark. Soft cream white, suffused with rose, and sometimes yellow. One of the largest, finest and best Sunnyside. Resembles an immense pond lily; of a pearly white color, deepening in the center to delicate rose. Marguerite. Pure white, like marguerites. Very valuable on account of its perpetual blooming qualities. YELLOW CHRYSANTHEMUMS. Kioto. J. H. Connell. Very large, globular. Phoebus. Rich, deep yellow. Dr. Creveans. M. Robinet. S lear D YARD Foot of SIXTH STREET, | 969 Fifth St., Near ’ Adjoining Steamship Wharf, | San DieGo.CAL. | aN DIEGO CAL. PHILIF MORSE, €. H OLINGER, e ; MANAGER. ASST. MANAGER. Forty Branch Stores in successful operation. HOME [2k igvauins Shell and Curio Company, | *?,gommessee: bee aha, ech professiona! nurses. Country patients can DEALER IN ooo pleasant rooms and carota! ati ontion : As uring sickness. Terms moderate All cor- Marine and Land Shells, Mosses, Ferns respondence strictly confidential AND ALL KINDS | Specimens and Curios. Connecticut Mutua! 1045 Fifth Street, Between D and C SAN DIEGO, CAL. p nsurance 0, Particular attention given to supplying Collect- | OF HARTFORD. CONN ors and Museums | San Diego eee ee ; manageme e ec se ; F So OB poneee offered, ri pet ie safest and aneapest insur- . ’ ‘ JIL2 } a - S i ASSETS. $58,747,707,44 VTTTTAMS ’ Ex ress Block. JEFF W LLLIAMS, Agt. PROF. 0, P, KOERTING. PRINCIPAL, 722 Fifth St. SAN DIEGO. CAL. SAN. DIEGO=: ae OO BUSINESS COLLEGE. Cor. Fifth and G Streets. sy oye Street. N. t. PHILLIPS, PRINCIPAL. : —Students can enter at any time, — Between D and E S8t., San Diego, Cal. &@-SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 4 Manufacturer and dealer :n————: Liewelyu’s Su06 Ste =| Mirrors, Mouldings, Is the best place in San Diego to buy your—— BOOTS and SHOES. Pictures and Frames. All kinds and qualities at Eastern prices. LLEWELYN, 2 stn st. vet Bae LOUIS DAMPF. Seo Ve eee CL a eee 1854, The Oldest Business House in Los Angeles, ~ a <= ——s Saddlery, Harness, Tents, Fly Nets, Lap Robes, ete. A first-class place for Campers and Tenters to get their outfits atthe VERY LOWEST RATES. 315 N. Los Angeles St. Los Angeles, Calif. ) EN WY A YN, WY VAY aS —INWAOPPOSED TO PAIN. WAYAAN DuRING Last YEARS EPIDEMIC ST. LOUIS, MO., U. S INN/SSTIKINUSSSSNV, V/ININ ISNT/INYT/S (OM OMOROMOMOMCET VINNY, eS La I SSJISNISIS YUSIISY SS » 4 TAE EXAIBITION OF \V/ IX SECURED THE DESIRED RESULTS »-c® RETURN OF INFLVENZAa>c> AND IfS ALLIED COMPLAINTS. FOR HISTORY ®@LITERATURE ADDRESS. THE ANTIKAMNIA CHEMICAL CO., WIN, ZX NUS: AND 1S AGAIN INDIGATED BY TAE ELECTRIC: AL SUPPLIES. S. HARTWELL, ELECTRICIAN, 924 SIXTH ‘RY Street, San Diego, Cal. Bells, Batteries, etc. JEWELRY. N GERMAN, THE LARGEST JEWELRY e Establishment on the Pacific Coast. Both wholesale and retail. JOB PRINTING. EDDING INVITATIONS, VISITING CARDS engraved aud printed at M German's, the leading jeweler of San Diego, Cai NOTARY. E. CORNWELL. NOTARY PUBLIC AND » Conveyancer. Depositions in Shorthand aspecialty 227 W First St., Los Angeles, Cal. P. BRUNER, NOTARY PUBLIC, CONVEY- + ancer of Deeds, etc. With Wells, Fargo & Co., Sixth and FSts., san Diego, Cal. NURSERIES. ALL’S ADDITION NURSERY, RIVERSIDE, A Cal. Wholesale and retail dealers in all kinds of fruit trees. Send for price list. NY ae | \ Office cor dth and F Sts. UF sTalks SAN DIEGO PHILIPS & HARBISON, DENTISTS Office cor. Sixth & D Streets. SAN DIEGO. CAL, We guarantee first-class work. ROOFINC. Gem-Elastic Roofing Felt costs only $2.00 per 100 square feet. Makes a good roof for years, and anyone can put it on. Send stamp for full partic- ulars. GuM-Exastic Roorine Co., 39 and 41 West Broadway, New York. Local Agents wanted. | MISCELLANEOUS. Six odd and beautiful cacti from the Rio Grande for only 50c. Mrs. Frances Bright, Van Raub, Texas. »teel Pens. FOR ARTISTIC USE in fine drawings, Nos. 659 (Crow-quill), 290 and 20%. FINE WRITING, No, 303, and Ladies’, x70. BROAD WRITING, Nos, 294, 289 and Stub Point, 849. GENERAL WRITIN:, Nos. 404, 332, 390 and 604. THE MOST PERFECT OF PENS. Gold Medal Paris Exposition, Joseph Gillott & Sons, 91 John St., New York. FOR FOR FOR GOLDEN HINTS —— FoR = ‘CALIFORNIA Our 56-page catalog of Roses, Chrysanthemums, Carnations, Violets, Begonias, Ferns, Orchids, | Cacti, Bulbs, Seeds, et cetera, mailed for 10 cents. | —free to patrons. ORCUTT SHED & PLANT CO. San Diego, Calif, | PLANT DEPOT, 320-3248. Spring St., Los Angeles, California. Scientific American Agency for CAVEATS, TRADE MARKS, DESICN PATENTS COPYRICHTS, etc. For information and free Handbook write to MUNN & CO.) 361 BRoAaDWAY, NEW YORK. Oldest bureau for securing patents in America. Every patent taken out by us is brought betore the public by a notice given free of charge in the Scientific American Largest circulation of any scientific paper ip che world, Splendidly illustrated. No intelligent man should be without it. Weekly, 3.00 a year; $1.50 six months. Address MUNN & CO, PUBLISHERS, 361 Broadway, New York. a CENT ATU AS SEAR i eS ae Engraving for all kinds of illustrations: va 324 Azusa St., Los Angeles, Calif, ey es tel ne. “ee oD i ay : : | eR feed a : Ay a Saget 7 feds A ee Sy ahs $ wh teed a 5 iy K 4 RN Aad Orta bl < WEES Vier oe, 45 rig ¥ ee 7 vo ie 4 : A , as Aw 7 5 f as . WOTEL BREWSTER. Se jo S ort A \ ‘ +) Wie lar She \ ~~~ te 7 . The most. elegantly furnished and equipped hotel _ in Southern California, The only hotel in San Diegc hav- ing a.passenger and baggage elevator. PBs oe) Strictly First-Class. SPECIAL ACCOMMODATIONS FOR COMMERCIAL TRAVELERS. s té } kRATES FROM $2.50 UP. aN peco HOLE Brewster Company. hat u =" J. E. O'BRIEN, Manager. ee ES ae ROO ey CP LY es See OS eee eae __ JMMEDIATE PAYMENT. mn ae Oeeeers@sSse>™ em *" <2 Peis NO THER life insurance Res Md company in the 7 ‘World pays death claims as promptly as does the PACIFIC MUTUAL. ee Shi The first money received by dependents after the death of their bread- winner is the most valuable. The PACIFIC MUTUAL’S “immediate payment” provision is appreciated, as the following selected from many plainly shows. Fresno, Cal., Novy. 15, 1889, Col. A. 8. Covalt, Resident Agent of the Pacific Mutual Life Ins, Co., of California: thereby ucknowledgze eA ee t of the Company’s cheeks for $10,000, and $947.15 Near a which wus curned by ac of the $2,000 policies, in Seb in full of both policies of J. ilton, deceased. The fial proofs were rece sived at home office yesterday, the 14th, and hie een ing you hand me check for fall amounts, without discount. Such prom 4 coe should recommend this company to ali persons desiring life insurance Many thanks for kindness and promptness in payment. Lean cheerfully sibibanhnfak Colonel Covalt and his company for bon thess and ; fairness in dealing, ALEX GORDON, Adm’r of Estate of J. H. Hamilton. a To the above should be added, that although insured in several life com- Bela pat panies THE PACIFIC MUTUAL paid its policies from two to four Bite ty ry _. weeks earlier than any other.As it is well known that ready funds are Bye the most telling where large property interests are to be protected, i ; ’ the value of the Truly immediate payment plan of THE RACIFIC Rig . MUTUAL cannot be overestimated, MS beg fs iby Aa VY ay | Cee Sy J.C. SPRIGG, JR. & CO., AGENTS, it . Cas Office: Corner Sixth and F Sts » When + you travel * * x TAKE THE SKS OUTHERN GoakiroRnia Ry Santa Fe Route. It reaches all points of interest in Southern California. It runs Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars through to Chicago over its own line every day in the year. Its trains make from 12 to 24 hours quicker time than any other line to Chicago and all points East. It gives the best accommodations at the lowest rates. THE SANTA FE ROUTE EXCURSIONS leave California every Thursday, and run through to Boston in Pullman Tourist Sleeping Cars, in charge of Special Agent. These cars are furnished complete with carpets, curtains and bedding. For Tickets, Maps, Berths and General Information, apply to _any Agent, or to oa WADE, << S. BYNES, General Manager. General Passenger Agent. XN, ; x H. K. GREGORY, =) Assistant General Passenger Agent. & “ig x xxx, xaxeox x pNCUE RUM E a EIEN Orcutt SEED AND PLANT CoMPANY LOS ANGELES 0 ALIFORNE A SAN DIEGO | 324 South Spring Street Fifth and c Streets — TIE 3 9088