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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
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Published by
THE CHINA WEEKLY REVIEW
SHANGHAI.
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PREFACE
This **Who's Who in China" does not contain the biographies of all of the best men in the Republic of China, but it does attempt to give the names of most of the hest known men in the country.
Persons familiar with China, upon glancing through this book will say, "How did he get in?" Others will say, "Why is so-and-so not included in a book of this kind?" We answer, both of these questions by saying that we have done the best we could, knowing that there may be names in the book which might have been omitted and that there are many persons in China whose names should have been included.
Practically all of these pictures and biographies have appeared originally in the pages of the China Weekly Review during the past eight years. We have tried to bring them all up to date, but this has constituted a serious problem in view of the frequent internal political changes which always play havoc with biographical sketches. The civil war of September, 1924, forced the revision of many of the biographies and delayed for several months the publication of this volume.
"How did the publishers of the China Weekly Review obtain these biographical sketches?" This is a question which many will ask and a reply is in order: First, most of those in official life were obtained from records in Peking and in this connection we desire to acknowledge the services of Messrs. H. K. Tong and William Stephen Wong of Peking and Tientsin. Then about two years ago we advertised in the pages of the China Weekly Review asking our readers to recommend the names of persons in various parts of the country whose biographies should be included in a book of this kind. This brought in a considerable number, especially men who had achieved reputation in business and the professions.
Then about a year ago, owing to the attention which has been devoted to the Returned Students and their place in modern Chinese Society, it was suggested that we include the names and biographies of the alumni of Tsing Hua College of Pe- king, otherwise the names and information regarding the Chinese men and women who have studied in the United States through the school in Peking which was established as a result of the lirst remission of the American share of the China Boxer In- demnity. This list was compiled by Mr. C. T. Tsai, Alumni Secretary through the courtesy of Dr. Y. S. Tsao, President of the institution.
We invite suggestions for the further improvement of this book, especially corrections which should be made in the biograph- ical sketches appearing in this volume, as well as the names of persons which should be included in the next edition.
M. C. Powell, EiHtor The China Weekly Review Shanghai, June 1, 1925.
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Mr. An Ti-sheng \n Ti-sheng was born at Hsiangho Hsien, Metropolitai He received his Chinese education in the old Confuci th he showed artistic ability. In 1902 Mr. An was ma nlin Academy and in 1904 he became an expectant ma politan District. He constantly devoted his time and of the fine arts and among his accomplishments was ao Hua silver enamel ware which has become well 1 An became a director of the Commercial Exhibit Hall )ard of Commerce and was made a member of the Pek mmerce. In the summer of 1910 a National Exhibitioi g, and Mr. An was a member of the Executive comr 1911 he was a member of the Chinese Industrial Pj pan. In 1912, the year of the Republic, the Peking g national conference to discuss industrial and commercia ry. Mr. An as representative of the Metropolitan Gener rce attended the Conference which resulted in the fo nal Association of the Chambers ot Commerce which he |
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
conference in Peking in 1914. Mr. An represented the Metropolitan Gen- eral Chamber of Commerce and was subsequently elected general secretary of the Association's Peking office. Since the establishment of the Direc- torate General of the Metropolitan Municipal Affairs, after the establishment of the Republic, Mr. An served as a member of the committee on Municipal Affairs. In 1914 he held the position of vice-president of the Panama Exhibition Commission in Peking. In February 1918 Mr. An was elected president of the Metropolitan General Chamber of Commerce and in August 1918 he was elected a member of the Shun-Chih (Metropolitan and Chihli) Provincial Assembly. In December 1918 he played an important part in the association for the Promotion of Internal Peace, being Chief- in-Charge of the General Affairs Department. In May 1919 when public sentiment against the pro-Japanese Anfu party developed into a nation- wide boycott of Japanese goods, Mr. An acted as leader of the industrial and commercial interests participating. In 1922 he represented the Me- tropolitan District at the Customs Tariff Revision Conference in Shanghai. The Pao Hua silver enamel ware invented by Mr. An has largely supplanted Japanese cloisonne in Peking. At present Japanese cloisonne has pratically disappeared from the Peking market. There are now in Peking a large number ot Poa Hua Silver Enamel Ware factories most of which were founded by the inventor himself. President Feng Kuo-chang conferred upon Mr. An the Fifth Order of Chiaho in May 1919; President Hsu Shih- chang. the Fourth Order of Chiaho in January 1920 and the Third Order of Chiaho in February 1922; and President Li Yuan-hung, the Second Order of Chiaho in March 1923. Besides, Mr. An has received the Second Class Medal of the Ministry of Finance which he has helped to tide oVer many financial crises in Peking. He also has received the Second Class Medal of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce to which department he has been an Advisor for several years; and that of the Second Class Medal of the Ministry of Justice to which he has rendered assistance in the im- provement of industrial establishments in connection with the Peking pen- itentiaries. Mr. An held the presidency of the Metropolitan General Chamber of Commerce for a time, being relieved in 1924.
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Mr. Cha Liang-Chao
3£ H ^IJ ^ li ft (Ch'a Liang-chao)
Mr. Cha Liang-chao was born in March 1896 in Tientsin, Chihli pro- vince, his family being from Hainien, Chekiang. He was graduated from Nankai Middle School, Tientsin, 1913, and from Tsing Hua Ck)llege, Peking, 1917. He wa^ a teacher in Tsing Hua Middle School Dept., 1917-18. Mr. Cha went to the U. S. A. in August 1918, and attended Grinnell College, Iowa, 1918-1919, University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 1919-1920 where he received the Degree, Ph. B., and the University of Chicago in June 1920.
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He lectured for the Ciiautauqua Association, Swarthmore, Pa. on Chinese subjects in the summer of 1920. Mr. Cha attended Teachers' College, Co- lumbia University, N. Y., in 1920-1922, and received the degree of M. A. from Columbia University June 1921, doing research work in the Department of Educational Administration. He was chairman of the executive com- mittee of the Chinese Students' Committee on the Washington Conference, during the Conference. Mr. Cha returned to China in July 1922 and became professor of education in Peking Teachers College (Peking National Normal University since July 1923) in August 1922. He was elected by the Faculty Council as acting dean of studies in May 1923; Lecturer in the Summ,er School of Nankai University Tientsin, 1923; and Director of the Institute for the Application of Scientific Measurement on Education, under the au- spices of the National Association for the Advancement of Education, Aug- ust, 1923, with Dr. Wm. A. MoOall and Dr. T. T. Liew as lecturers. In January 1924 Mr. Cha was appointed by President Fan Yuan-Lien as Pro- fessor of Education and Dean of Studies by President Fan Yuan-Lien as Professor of Education and Dean of Studies Association for the Advance- ment of Education and author of the "Survey Educational Tests," published by the Commercial Press, 1928.
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Mr. Chai Chao-Iin
Mr. Chai Chao lin was born at Tientsin in 1870. He studied Civil Engineering at the Pei Yang Military School, Tientsin and graduated in 1892 having specialized in railway engineering. From 1892 to 1896 Mr. Chai was a student engineer in charge of the new construction and main- tenance works of the Peking-Mukden Railway. From 1897 to 1899 Mr. Chai was engaged in surveying and supervising the construction works of the Lu-Pao Railway which later became the Lu Kou Chiao-Paoting Fu section of the Peking-Hankow Railway. From 1900 to 1905 Mr. Chai was assistant engineer supervising the construction and maintenance of way and structure of the Peking-Mukden Railway outside the Great Wall. From 190() to 1916 Mr. Chai was first assistant, then resident and last dist/rict engineer of the Peking- Suiyuan Line which was then being constructed. As district engineer, Mr. Chai held the concurrent position of locomotive superintendent. Mr. Chai became chief engineer of the Peking-Suiyuan
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Line in 1917 and in 1920 when the two railways, the Peking- Suiyuan and the Peking-Hankow, were amalgamated, Mr. Chai became chief engineer of the Peking-Hankow-Suiyuan Railway. He retained the position of chief engineer of the Peking-Suiyuan Railway when it was later separated from the Peking-Hankow after the downfall of the Anfu Party which had been responsible for the aforementioned amalgamation. In 1921 Mr. Chai was appointed consulting engineer of the Peking-Suiyuan Railway. From De- cember 1921 to date, Mr. Chai has been holding the position of chief en- gineer of the Northern Section of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway. Mr. Chai has been awarded by the Chinese government the Third Order of Chai Ho. His present address is Engineering Department, Tientsin-Pukow Adminis- tration, Tientsin.
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Mr. Chang Ch'a
Mr. Chang Cha was born at Nantungchow, Kiangsu, in 1848. He was educated in the old Chinese school. He took a great interest in business when the value of commerce to the nation was not so well aj^preciatied as at the present time. He devoted his early life to business and his leisure to scholastic work. At the age of thirty, he served under- General Wu Chang- ching in the capacity of secretary. Upon General Wu's recommendation, he was promoted by the Peking government to the rank of Magistrate, and was ordered to proceed to Kiangii Province as a candidate. In Kiangsi he held two offices. He was appointed first as Magistrate for Yi-Chun and later as magistrate for Kwei-Chi. When his brother Mr. Chang Chien or- ganized the present Dah San cotton mill, he was requested to come back to assist in this important undertaking. Since then he has been devoting his whole energy to the development of Nantungchow industrially as well as educationally. When Revolution broke out in 1911 the civil and military
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
oiRcers of Nantungchow were at a loss to handle the situation. The people elected Mr. Chang Cha as the provisionary civil governor of the city and also as commander-in-chief to maintain order. Mr. Chang Cha handled the situation with great success, and Nantungchow passed the storm without loss of life or property. When the country was re-united under one Re- publican government, Mr. Chang Cha at once relinquished the posts as com- mander-in-chief and civil governor and again retired to industrial life. Whenever Mr. Chang Chien puts forward a new industry, or establishes an educational or a charitable institution, Mr. Chang Cha always lends a helpful hand. Hence every organization and every institution claims his service. Mr. Chang Cha has been vice-president of the following mills, Dah San Cotton Mil, Chung Ming Dah San Cotton Mill, Kwong Sung Oil Mill and Fu Sing Flour Mill; President of the following schools: Textile College, Com- mercial School and Medical School; Managing-Director of the following land reclamation companies: Dah Yu Tsing Co., Da Yu Co., Da La Co., Dah Fong Co., and Dah Kong Co., Honorable President of the Girl's Normal School, Nantung; President of the Foundling Hospital at Fan Cha; Presi- dent of the Chamber of Commerce Tung Chung Hai Tai and Farmiers' Union Association; President of Nantung Shore Protection Institute and Nantung Conservancy Society. Several of these he is still holding. In February 1920 Mr. Chang was awarded by the government the Second Order of Chiaho decoration. In March 1923 he was given the Fifth Order of merit.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Chang Nieh-yun (Chang Chi-ying)
Mr. Chang Nieh-yun was born at Hsin An Hsien, Kuangtimg Province, in 1877. He studied English in Eongkong in the Governnijent Central School (later the Victoria College) and finished his preparatory education in the Shanghai Public School under the principalship of the late Mr. George Lanning. Mr. Chang then studied law in the Soochow University Law School and graduated in the first class of 1899. After serving m the Chinese Customs Service and as Translator in one of the foreign consulates, the Shanghai Mercury, Universal Gazetjte, Sin Wan Pao and other papers, in 1902. In 1907 Mr. Chang assisted Dr. W. London and China Syndicate in 1902. In 1907 Mr. Chang assisted Dr. W. W. Yen as sub-editor of the Nanfangpao. From, 1907 he served as interpreter and translator to Mr. W. V. Drummsond, Law Officer to the
10 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Viceroy at Nanking and Taotai of Shanghai. He was admitted to practise in the Mixed Court as a Chinese attorney in 1919. For 11 years he served in the Chinese Company, Shanghai Volunteer Corps, as Translator Sergeant. Some of his present positions include: Advisor to the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, Shangahi, Chinese Red Cross Society, Chapei Bureau of Works and Taxes, Anti-Kidnapping Society, and Commissioner of For- eign Affairs, Kiangsu, Councillor to General Lu Yung-hsiang of Chekiang and Chief Commander of the Chinese Navy, Director of Foreign Affairs, Chapei Fire Brigades Association; Member of Chinese Education Committee and General Educational Commisaion, 1922, Shanghai Municipal Council.
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Mr. Chang Kia-ngau
(Chang Chia-ao)
Mr. Chang Kia-ngau was born at Paoshan Hsien, Kiangsu, in 1888. At the age of thirteen, he studied in the School of Foreign Languages which was located in the Kiangnan Arsenal and in which, Lu Chwang-isiang, Chinese Minister to Switzerland and Liu Ching-jen, former Chinese Minis- ter to Russia, also received their education. After studying three years in that institution Mr. Chang entered the Politique School in Peking, where he studied for one year and a half. In recognition of his scholar- ship, he was sent by the school to Japan to pursue a higher education.
12 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
While in Japan Mr. Chang studied economics at the Keio University. After the completion of his courses, he returned to China aud joined the Board of CommunicationiS as a senior clerk. When the first revolution broke out, he went to Shanghai and actively participated in politics. In the first year of the Republic, Mr. Chang was appointed Secretary to the Military Governor of Chekiang, late General Chu Jui. When the formal Parliament met before the second revolution in 1913, he was made the Chief Secretary of the Senate. After the dissolution of Parliament by the late President Yuan Shih-kai, Mr. Chang joined the Bank of China. Subse- quently he was appointed vice-manager of the Shanghai branch. Since 1914 Mr. Chang has been in the service of that Bank. During the third revolution against the monarchical movement of Yuan Shih-kai in 1915, the government proposed the suspension of specie payment. Mr. Chang strongly objected to the proposal, but as he could not change the decision of the government in this matter, he redeemed all the Shanghai notes of the Bank of China with silver dollars. In the autumn of 1917 when Liang Ghi-ohiao was appointed Minister of Finance, he invited Mr. Chang to become the vice-governor of the Bank of China, which offer he accepted. He was elected a member of the board of directors by the shareholders at the beginning of 1919, and was also re-appointed vice-governor. In June 1922 he was again re^-elected Vice-Governor of the Bank, which position he is still holding. In July 1922, he was appointed a member of all China Finance Discussion Commission. Mr. Chang is a Chinese scholar, like his brother, Carson Chang. He knows English and Japanese and speaks some French .
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13
Dr. Carson Chang
(Chang Chia-shen)
Dr. Carson Chang was born at Chia-ting Hsien, Kiangsu Province, in 1886. His native district is Pao-shan Hsien, Kiangsu. Dr. Chang receiv- ed his middle school education from the Institute of Modern Languages, Shangliai. He went to Japan in 1904 and graduated from the Waseda University, Tokyo, in 1909, having taken the Political Science Course. Upon returning to China, he attended the Imperial Examination for returned students and was subsequently made a Han Lin Compiler or Compiler of the College o f Literature, a degree equivalent to Ph. D. After the outbreak of the first revolution in October 1911, Dr. Chang resigned from the Han Lin post and became editor-in-chief of the Peking-Tientsin Shih Pao, Tientsin. In 1912, immediately after the establishment of the Republic,
14 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Chang was appointed a secretary of the Ministry of Industry and Com- merce. From this position he soon resigned to become the editor of the Young Nation and also assistant editor of the Justice of which Mr. Liang Chi-chiao was the founder and chief editor. In 1913 Dr. Chang went to Germany and there studied in Berlin University. He spent almost a year in England doing research work in Political Science before he re- turned to China in April 1916. Subsequently, Dr. Chang was appointed chief of the Foreign Affairs Bureau at Hangchow, Chekiang Province. He had not held this position long when he became general manager of the China Times, Shanghai. The present work of Dr. Chang is that of a writer. He has been elected president of the Institute of Self- Government in Kiangsu. He is planning to take a trip in October this year to America to engage several professors for his Institute. Dr. Chang' is the author of many standard works among which are Draft for the Chinese Constitu- tion, Social Democracy in New Germany and many philosophical articles. His present address is No. 37, Moulmein Road, Shanghai.
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Mr. Chang Chien
Mr. Chang Chien was born at Tungchow, Kiangsu, in 1853. After years of hard labor, he has succeeded in transforming his wretched birth- place into a modern industrial town where there are no beggars. Mr. Chang is a noted Hanlin scholar (Optimus) but in the Ching dynasty- declined to take any executive office, except that of Adviser to the Board of Commerce in 1904, in order to devote his energies to the fostering of industry and commerce. When Chang Chih-tung was viceroy of Liang Kiang Provinces, he appointed Chang Chien to organize a spin- ning and weaving mill, the capitalization of which was Tls. 1,000,000. This mission was carried out with success. Later he organized the Fuhsin
16 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Flour Mill, the Kwangsheng Oil Mill, the Tse-sheng Iron Works, the Foush- eng Silk Filature, and the Ta Teh Steam Navigation Co. The next mission with which Chang Chien was entrusted by Viceroy Chang Chih-tung was the organization of four mills at Wuchang, namely, one weaving mill, one spinning mill, one hemp mill and one silk filature. It was undertaken with equal success. Other industrial projects he initiated were the coloniza- tion of Manchuria by poor people, the Huai River conservancy, and the formation of Sino-American industrial enterprises. In 1908 Chang Chien was elected chairman of the Kiangsu Provincial Assembly. In October of 1911 when the first revolution broke out in Wuchang, he was elected Kiangsu governor. At the same time Yuan Shih-kai, the late President, who was then Imperial Prime Minister, appointed him Pacification Commissioner for Kiangsu. Shortly afterwards, he was appointed Imperial Minister of Commerce. Upon the establishment of the Provisional Republican govern- ment in Nanking after the revolution Chang Chien was made the first Minister of Industry and ordered to control salt affairs concurrently. On March 13, 1913, Mr. Chang was appointed director-General of the Huai River Conservancy Board. In September 1913, when Hsiung Hsi -lin organized the Cabinet, Mr. Chang was appointed Minister of Industry and Commerce and concurrently Minister of Agriculture and Forestry. In December he founded the National Consei'vancy Bureau and was appointed concurrently to hold the position of its Director-General. In the same month the two aformentioned ministries were amalgamated and became the Ministei of Agriculture and Commerce with Mr. Chang as Mi'nister. The late President Yuan after havinj^ made himself Emperor of China, made Ching Chien one of his "Four Friends of Sung shan." Since his retire- ment from Peking, Mr. Chang devotel himself to commercial enter- prises at Nantungchow and conservancy works in his native proVince. In May 1919 the Peking government upon the recommendation of Mr. Chang approved of the organization of the Kiangsu Grand Canal Improve- ment Board and appointed him the Director-General; in January 1920. Mr. Chang was conferred the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decora- tion. In November he was appointed director general of the Woosung Port Construction Board; December 1921, Mr. Chang was given the director- generalship of the Bureau for the Construction of a New Canal for the Five Seacoast District; January 1922, Mr. Chang was appointed vice- president of the Yangtsu River Commission; June 1922, he was elected president of the Bank of Communications. Mr. Chang wields great influence among the literati and modern Chinese merchants and industrial leaders. The First Order of Merit by Presidei-t Li Yuan-hung in recognition of his services rendered in connection with conservancy work. In January 1923 Mr. Chang was appointed by the Peking government a member of the Educational Sinking Funds Commission. Mr. Chang is holding all these positions given to him since May 1919. Mr. Chang wields great influence among the literati as well as among modern Chinese merchants and industrial leaders. He is also the author of many standard works on Chinese literature and arts.
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17
Mr. Tsang Chan-vung
(Chang Chien-wen)
Mr. Tsang Chang-vung, was born in Shaohing, Chekiang, in 1869. He gained his early education as well as his later legal education through private study. After serving in different capacities Mr. Tsang was in 1920 made assistant magistrate of the International Mixed Court, and has since that time become well known with the members of the Shanghai Bar — Am- erican, British, Chinese, French, Russian, Japanese, and Portuguese, who have had the privilege of practising before him. Mr. Tsang's name has been enrolled in the Cabinet office as an official awaiting appointment and he has received from the government the Fourth Class Order of the Chiaho (Excellent Crop) and the Sixth Class Order of the Wenfu (Literary Tiger).
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Chang Ch'ih-t'an
a i£ ?i ^ 35 ffl
Mr. Chang Chih-t'an was born in 1S83 at T'engjen Hsien in the pro- vince of Chihli. He received a thorough education in Chinese literature and classics and when he was a mere youth was successful in government examin- ations during the Ching regime and got the degree of Chu-jen, equivalent to the present college degree of Master of Arts ir. 1904. Mr. Chang started his official career as a senior secretary of the Board of the Army. Later he was transferred to the Board of Civil Affairs and held the same ranTjj. When the former President Hsu Shih-Chang was Viceroy of the Three Eastern Provinces, he made Mr. Chang his special attache. Subsequently, Viceroy Hsu promoted Mr. Chang to be the councillor of the Military Training Bureau of the Three Eastern Provinces. Mr. Chang was given the concurrent position of the Co-Director of the Frontier Affairs Bureau of the Kirin Province. After the establishment of the Republic in 1911, Mr. Chang became secretary to President Yuan Shih-kai. In July 1914 he was appointed Taoyin of the Shuiyuan Frontier which position he did not hold long before he was recalled to Peking where he was appointed secretary of the Cabinet which was then headed by Marshal Tuan. In January 1917,
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Mr. Chang was appointed Vice-Minister of the Interior. Subsequently he was ordered to take charge of the affairs of the same Ministry. While serving as Vice-Minister of the Interior he was concurrently holding the position of the director-general of the Metropolitan Municipal Bureau. In March 1918 when Marshal Tuan was appointed the Prime Minister for the third time, Mr. Chang was chosen to head the secretariat of the Cabinet. In the War Participation oiTice of which Marshal Tuan was the director-general, Mr. Chang was the Chief of the Confidential Documents Bureau. In January 1919 Mr. Chang was appointed acting Vice-Minister of War with rank of Lt. General. In December he was decorated with the First with rank of Lt. General. In December he was decorated with the First Class Tashou Chiaho Order. In January he was given the Fourth Order of Merit for war work. After the downfall of the Anfu Club and upon reinstitution of General Chin Yun-peng m August, 1920, General Chang was appointed Director General of Metropo]ita?i Municipal administration. At this time he was also Acting Minister of the Interior. In October 1920 he was appointed Director General of Grovernment Famine Relief Bureau, and had conferred on him the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decora- tion. In May 1921 General Chang was transferred from the position of Acting Minister of the Interior to that of Mini&ter of CommlinicatioTis upon the reorganization of General Chin's Cabinet, leaving that post in December 1921. Since 1922, General Chang has been interested in the construction of the street car system in Peking and is now president of the Peking Tram Car Company. In June 1924, General Chang was appointed vice- president of the Financial Reorganization Commission.
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Mr. Changr Kin-fan
Chang Ching-fan
Mr. Chang King-fan was born at Taipuhsien, Kwantung province in 1890 and received his primary education at home. Later he studied at the International Institute at Shanghai, the Anglo-Chinese College, Foochowi, and at Tsinghua College, Peking. He then entered the Colorado School of Mines, Boulder, Colorado, U. S. A., where he studied from 1911 to 1913. Later he studied at Lehigh University in 1913-15, where he was graduated with the degree of M. E. in 1915. He also took short courses at the Arm- our Institute of Technology. He returned to China in 1915 and was appointed surveyor and engineer of the Light Railway Company, Chao- chow. In 1915-16; assistant engineer. Kiutung Antimony Company, Yi- yang, Hunan, 1916-17 — ; engineering contractor for samt company, 1917; and prospecting engineer for private interests along the Yangtsze River, 1918. Since 1918 he has been serving as engineer-in-chief and manager of the mines of the Liuchang Coal Mining and Railroad Company', Ohinwangtao.
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21
General Chang Ching-hui
General Chang Ching-hui was born in 1873 at Tanan, Fengtien, and brought up at a place which was thickly infested with a class of highway- men called "Hunghutzu." The environment much influenced him and he soon became a leader commanding thousands of those persons. He showed bravery in many encounters with government troops. Later, together with General Chang Tso-lin, General Chang surrendered to the authorities and became an officer of the government army. While serving in the Man- churian Army, he enrolled himself as a student of the Military Academy
22 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
where he graduated after a few years. The first military rank he received froin the Republican government was that of a Colonel in the Infantry. He was commander of the 105fh Regiment of the 27\th Division, and later became that of the 28th Cavalry Regiment. Shortly afterwards he was transferred to the command of the 27th Cavalry Regiment. Third Class Chiaho and Fourth Class Paokuang Chiaho were the decorations conferred upon General Chang in the first few years of the Republic. In 1916 he was made a Major General. In December 1917 General Chang was promoted to be the Commander of the Fifty-Third Brigade of the Twenfcy-SeJventh Division. A year later he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General. In 1919 General Chang was promoted to be Commander of the Twenty- Seventh Division. In December 1919 he was conferred the Fifth Order of Merit. In June 1920 he was appointed Commanding General of the Chinese Eastern Railway Defence Force.
Upon the outbreak of the Chihli-Anfu War, General Chang sent the First Division of the Fengtien Provincial Army which was under his com- mand into Shanhaikuan to side with Chibli. In September 1920, when the war was over, he was appointed by the Peking government the Tutung (Civil & Military Governor) of Charhar and concurrently the Commander of the 16th Division of the National Anny and was also given the brevet rank of Full General. A month later, he was given the Third Order of Merit. In November 1920 General Chang was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Forces for the defence of Urga against the pending' attack by re- actionary Russians. Through his negligence Urga finally fell into the hands of the enemy. This however, did not affect his position and he held the Tutungship until May 1922 when he participated in the Chihli-Feng- tien conflct and was defeated by Wu Pei-fu's forces at Changsintien. Since that time. General Chang has been devoting himself to bring- ing the two contending parties to friendly terms again. In Aprii 1922, he was conferred the First Order of Wenfu. In February 1924, General Chang was appointed director-general of the National Highway Prepar- ation Bureau.
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23
General Chang Ching-yao
General Chang Ching-yao was born at Huo-Ch'iu Hsien, Anhui Pro- vince, in 1881. He attended the Military Academy at Paotingfu in his early youth. His military career before the first revolution in 1911 was none too promising. But after the establishment of the Republic of China, he was promoted from one rank to another with rapidity.
From the position of a non-commissioned officer, General Chang was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General in August 1913 and given the brevet rank of Major-General in August 1914. During that period, he commanded the Second Regiment of the Eleventh Brigade of the Sixth Division. A little later he was promoted to be Commander of the Third Mixed Brigade, and at the same time was appointed Garrison Commander
24 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
at Nanchang, Kiangsi. Shortly afterward he was promoted to be Commander of the Seventh Division. For a time he made his headquarters at Kai- feng, Honan, where he fought the White Wolf brigands. In 1917, Chang Hsun restored BLsuan Tung, former Manchu Emperor, to his throne. The Emperor appointed General Chang Ching-yao, Commander-in-chief of the Yang-tze Inland Navy. The first message of congratulations on the re- establishment of the monarchy was despatched by General Chang. Through the influence of Marshal Tuan, General Chang was allowed to retain his post after the failure of the Manchu restoration. In July 1917, General Chang was appointed Commissioner for the Extirpation of bandits at the boundary of Kiangsu, Anhwei, Shantung and Honan. In October 1917 he was appointed Tutung (Military and Civil Governor) of Charhar. Concur- rently he retained the Command of the Seventh Division. Upon the com- mencement of hostilities between North and South China, he was sent by the Peking government to Hunan as Comni,ander of the rear troops. Shortly afterwards, Changsha was lost to the South. General Wu Pei-fu's troops recaptured it but General Chang got the credit for this victory and was appointed Military Governor of Hunan. This unjust treatment of General Wu called forth much criticism from the people and was somewhat res- ponsible for the final withdrawal of General Wu's troops, from the Hunan front. As a result of the withdrawal of General Wu's troops, General Tan Ye-kai, southern Commander, advanced and expelled General Chang from Hunan in May 1920. General Chang became a refugee in a foreign concession at Hankow. He was officially removed from the Military Gover- norship of Hunan on June 29, 1920. He was pardoned in December 1923.
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25
General Chang Fu-iai
General Chang Fu-lai was born at Chiaho Hsien, Chihli province, in 1871. He received a military education from a Military Academy in North China and started upon his militaiy career as a common soldier. He has been in Marshal Tsao Kun's camp for more than thirty years during which period he has been promoted through various ranks. His name was not very well known until November 1917 when he was appointed Com- mander of the Sixth Brigade of the Third Diviaion of the National Army,
26 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the Commander of the Fifth Brigade at that time being General Wu Pei-f u. At that time his military rank was Major General. In October 1919 Gen- eral Chang received the Fourth Class Paokaang Chiaho Decoiration. A year later he received the Second Class Chiaho Decoration. About the same time he was appointed the Commander of the Twenty-Fourth Division. In October 1921 General Chang was made a liioutonant General. In July 1922 he was awarded the Chiangchun with an honorable title of the two words "Chin Wei." In October 1922 General Chang was appointed Com- missioner for Military Affairs in Honan Province to succeed former Tuchun General Feng Yu-hsiang who had been promoted to be the All China High Military Inspector following the abolition of the Tuchunship in Honan. General Chang is still commanding the Twenty Fourth Division. In November 1922 General Chang received from the Peking Government the Fourth Order of Merit and about the same time was decorated with the First Class Wenfu Order. In April 1923 General Chang was given the brevet rank of General. In March 1924, General Chang was re- moved from the command of the Twenty-fourth Division, when all military governors were removed from division commands. The following month he received a concurrent post as co-director of motor road construction in the northern provinces, of which General Wu Pei-fu was director-Gen- eral. In June 1924, General Chang was made a full General. He is still commissioner for military affairs of Honan.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
11
Mr. Chang Fu-Yun
Mr. Chang Fu-Yun was born in 1890 in Fu Shan Hsien, Shantung, and studied in the Shih Yi Academy, Chefoo, and in Tsing Hua College, Pek- ing. He waa graduated in 1914 from Harvard College with the degree of of A. B. GU7n laude ; in 1917 from the Harvard Law School with the degree of LL. B., and while in school was a member of the Diplomatic Club of Haivard University, and president of the Chinese Students Alliance in the U. S. A., 1917-1918. Upon his return to China he joined the Ministry of B^reign Affairs in 1918, and also served as lecturer in International Law in the Peking Government University. He was Secretary of the Chinese
28 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
High Commission in Siberia, 1919-1920, and served as secretary to the Chinese Delegation to the Washington Conference 1921-22. Upon his re- turn he became director of the Marine Department of the Ministry of Com- munications, 1922-1923, in which capacity he advocated and took part in the drafting of marine laws for China. He has been President of the Un- iversity of Communications since 1923, and has received the 2nd Class Ta Shou Paokuang Chia Ho Decoration.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
29
General Chang Hsi-yuan
General Chang Hsi-yuan was born at Miyun Hsien, Metropolitan District of Peking in 1870. He attended school and graduated from the Shanhaikuan Military College. Under the Ching Regime, he served in the army through various ranks and for a time was Commander of the 58th Regiment of the Honan Provincial Army. Afterwards he was promoted to be Com- mander of the Twenty-Ninth Mixed Brigade. After the establishment of the Republic in 1912, General Chang was appointed Commander of the Ninth Division of the Honan Army. In December 1912 he was made a Lieutenant
30 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General, and subsequently was appointed Commander of the First Brigade of the metropolitan defence force. This position he held until December 1917 when he was Commander of the Fourth Mixed Brigade of the National Army. At the same time he was appointed Defence Commissioner of Tung Kuan, of the boundary between Shensi and Honan. While at Tung Kuan, General Chang held concurrently the position of Assistant Command- er of the Forces for the extermination of brigands in Shensi and also that of commander of troops for the preservation of order in the far west district. In May 1922, after the defeat of the Fengtien Forces by Chihli Troops he was appointed Tutung, Civil and Military Commissioner of the Charhar Special Area to succeed General Chang Ching-hui, a Fengtien General. In September 1922 General Chang was created a Chiang-chun with the title of "Hsi Wei." In October of the same year he was awarded the Third Order of Merit. In April 1923 the First Class Wenfu Decoration was conferred upon General Chang, the highest civil honor he had held previously being the First Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration. General Chang was confirmed as Tutung of Charhar in July 1924.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
31
Mr. Ziangling Chang
(Chang Hsiang-lin)
Mr. Ziangling Chang was born at Shanghai in 1880. He received his early education at St. John's College of Shanghai and later went to America and studied for a short period at Columbia University. After graduation, Mr. Chang took up journalistic work at Shanghai. In 1913 he joined the Peking Daily News, at that time the only English paper
32 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
at Peking edited and managed by Chinese. Mr. Chang was connected with the News in the capacity 'of assistant editor for more than one year. In 1914 Mr. Chang joined the News and Translation Bureau of the Heiung Hsi-lin Cabinet and was in charge lof the foreign section. Later this Bureau was transferred to the Ministry »of Foreign Affairs and Mr. Chang was invited to continue his service which he did. For sometime he worked under Dr. Wellington Koo, at (that time Councillor of the Min- istry and Director of the Bureau. In the spring 1916 Mr. Chang returneid to China upon the death of his mother and later returned to the Translation Bureau of the Foreign Office. For a time he served as a member of the Commission for the Study of Politiical Affairs called by the late Presideoit Yuan Shih-kai. In 1917 Mr. Chang was appointed a Secretary of the Cabinet. During the next two years, he held various positions, among them being associate councillor of the Ministry of the Interior, secretary of the bureau for the Custody of Ememy Property, associate secretary of the Ministry of Communications, councillor of the Commission for the Reunifica- tion and Reorganization of China, member of the Commission for the Study of Foreign Affairs in the Cabinet, member of the Diplomatic CommissiiOn during the World War, and member of the Famine Relief Burea\i. In March 1919 Mr. Chang was decorated with the Fourth Order of Wenfu. In June 1919 he ^vas conferred the F'ourth Order of Chiaho. In January 1920 he received the Third Order of Chiaho. In September 1920 he was appointed assistant chief of the Foreign Affairs Investigating"' Bureau of Waichiaopu. In November 1920 he was appointed assistant dir- ector of the Translation Bureau, and acting director in 1921. In September 1921 he was conferred the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho. In the same month he was appointed Secretary to the Chinese Delegation to the Washington Conference. In May 1922 Mr. Chang was conferred the Second Order of Paokuang Chiaho. In December 1922 he was appointed Consul- General at New York which position he is stiU holding. Mr. Chang is a Member of the American Society of International Law, Washington. D. C, of the Chinese Social and Political Science Association, and of the Chinese- American Association, Peking.
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33
Mr. Chang Hsiang-wen
Mr. Chang Hsiang-wen was born at Szuyang Hsien, Kiangsu Province, in 1866, and was a member of a very poor family. In his youth he studied the Chinese Literature and Classics, but did not distinguish himself in the competitive examinations under the Ching Regime. Later he took up the study of science and made himself an authority on the geograp'hy of China. For a period of twenty years he taught school while privately doing research work. During this time he published several books on Physical Geography and the Geographical History of China. Between 1905 and 1911 Mr. Chang taught in several schools and colleges in Tientsin At that time two persons in China were considered authorities on Chinese Geography based on the modern method of study, one being Mr. Chang and
34 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the other Mr. Pai Ya-yu, a revolutionist who was killed in 1911 at Lan- chow, Chihli. by General Wang Huai-ch'ing who was then commander of government troops stationed there. In 1908 Mr. Chang organized the Chinese Geographical Institution in Tientsin and was elected its President. Since its organization a monthly journal called "The Geographical Ma- gazine" has been published. After the establishment of the Republic, Mr. Chang was elected a member of the House of Represeoitatives of the First Parliament. When in January 1914 Parliament was dissolved by Yuan Shih- kai, Mr. Chang immediately started on an extensive expedition over the northwestern part of China. He discovered the original site of the Great Wall and located the tomb of Jenghiz Khan and wrote a series of articles on his discoveries and travel for the Journal of the Institution and other mag- azines. In June 1916 Mr. Chang returned to Peking when the old Parliament was reconvoked by President Li Yuan-hung. When it was for the second time dissolved in June 1917, Mr. Chang proceeded to Canton with other parliamentarians to establish the "Extraordinary Parliament" and join southern leaders. This gave him a chance to travel practically over all the Southwestern provinces. Since that time he has devoted most of his time to writing on various subjects, particularly on morals and religions. In June 1922 the old Parliament was for the third time reconvened by President Li Yuan-hung who had reassumed the office of Chief Execu- tive, and Mr. Chang again became an M.P. Mr. Chang strongly believes in Buddhist teachings and has been a vegetarian for many years. He is still writing for the Chinese Geographical Magazine and is the President of the Chinese Geographical Institution.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
35
Mr. Chang Chien, Junior
Mr. Chang Chien, Jr. was born at Chanlucheng, Nantungchow, He received his early education in the grammar school at Nantungchow. At the age of 17 he joined Tsingtao University. In 1917 he went to America and studied Commercial Science in the Arnhold Business College where he later graduated with the degree of B. C. S. Upon his return to China, Mr. Chang was elected a member of the Special Committee of the Chamber of Commerce, Nantungchow and chairman of Nantungchow College Faculty Union. He was then a Professor of the College. While in America Mr.
36 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Chang was much interested in the question of foreign trade. After his return he began to organize Embroidery and Lace Works at Nantungchow with branch offices at Shanghai and New York. In 1919 Mr. Chang was elected president of the Administrative Board of Nantung Industrir/1 Enterprises. Later he became president of the Huai Hai Industrial Bank. In June of the same year he was appointed concurrently the Secretary- in Chief of the Kiangsu Grand Canal Improvement Board. In November 1920 Mr. Chang was appointed Secretary of the Woosung Port Construction Board. In August 1921, he was elected a member of the Kiangsu Provincial Assembly.' In July 1922, Mr. Chang was appointed by the Peking Govern- ment to study the industrial conditions in Europe, America and Japan. At the same time he was conferred the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho. In January 1923, Mr. Chang was appointed expectant Envoy Extraor- dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. In April 1923 he was conferred the Third Order of Paokuang Chiaho and in August, the Second Order of Wenfu. In September 1923, Mr. Chang left Shanghai with his staff for America on the Industrial Mission, returning in March 1924. In May 1924 he was ap- pointed Envoy Extra ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Chile.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
37
General Changr Hsueh-liang
m m%^mm
General Chang Hsueh-liang was born at Hai-chen, Fengtien province, in 1898. He was given military training when he was a mere youth. He was among the first group of the graduates of the Military Training Academy of the Three Eastern Provinces. In July 1919, General Chang was appointed Commander of the Body Guards of the Tuchun of Fengtien, who was no other person than Marshal Chang Tso-lin, his father. In the same month he was made by the Peking government a colonel of National Artillery. In November 1919 he was awarded the Third Class Wenfu Decoration. In December 1919 he was promoted to become Commander, of the Second Battalion of the Body Guards Brigade. In May 1920, General Chang was appointed by President Hsu Shih-chang as his aide-de-camp. In .June 1920 he was appointed Commander of the aforementioned Body- Guards Brigade which was the Third Mixed Brigade of Fengtien. Upon the
38 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
outbreak of the war between Chihli and Anhui factions, General Chang was ordered by his father to march Tii^ brlgnde into Shanhaikwan to side w'ith the Chihli forces. At Hsiao Chan, the place where the Pei Yang troops have been trained since Yuan Shih-kai's time, General Chang's men defeat- ed the Anhui ,troops commanded by General Lung Chi-Kuang. As the result of this defeat, several regiments of the noted Frontier Army surrendered to General Chang who took them to Mukden upon his return. In the autumn of 1920, the province of Kirin was much disturbed by banditry and General Chang was sent w*ith his troops to suppress it which he did in a short time. In October 1920 he was awarded by the Central govern- ment the Fifth Order of Merit. A month later he was made a Brigadier General. In March 1921 General Chang was awarded the Second Order of Wenfu. In October 1921, he was sent by his father to Japan to witness the autumn manoeuver. Upon his return, he introduced improvements in the Fengtien Army. While in Japan, he contributed funds for the support of the Chinesa students studying in that country. When the Chili-Fengtien war broke out in the spring of 1922, General Chang was commander of the Second Section of the East Wing. At Shaiha.ikwan, the Fengtien forces made an offensive attack upon the advancing Chihli forces. General Chang participating as commander of the front line defence. After the war. he was made commander of the Second Brigade of the Manchurian Army, and concurrently held the position of Chief-of-Stiff of the Manchurian Army Reorganization bureau, as well as being superintendent of the Mili- tary Training Academy and commandeer of pr.ovosts. These posts he still holds. In the war between Chihli and the Anfu-Fengtien party which broke out in September 1924, Mr. Chang as leader of the Fengtien First Army rendered exceptional service in the fighting in the vicinity of the Great Wall. Early in 1925 General Chang Hsuch-liang was sent by his father and the Provisional President Tuan Chi-jui to Shanghai, as a special delegate for purpose of assisting in the final reorganization and political affairs in lawer Yangtze valley.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
39
Mr. Chang Hu
iS » ^ fl? '^
Mr. Chang Hu was born at Haiaoshan Hsien, Chekiang Province, in 1876. He was a Chu Jen or Provincial Graduate in the Ching Regime. Later he obtained the rank of Expectant Prefect, and was ordered to proceed to Fukien Province to "expect" appointment. Between 1902 and 1905 Mr. Chang took an active part in the management of educational and financial affairs of the province of Fukien. During this period he was principal of the Provincial High Normal School and also the proctor of the Provincial Treasurer. In 1906 Mr. Chang went to Manchuria to join Hsu Shih-chang, who was then Viceroy of Manchuria. At first he was appointed Section Chief of the Bui'eau of Manchurian Salt Affairs and later became Director- General of the Customs Administration for the Province of Kirin. Concur-
40 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
rently he acted as Resident Director of the Bureau for the Reorganization of Financial Affairs of that Povince. In 1912 the First Year of the Republic Mr. Chang assisted Mr. Hsung Hsi-ling, who was then Minister of Finance, in taking over the control of the Board of Finance of the Nanking Provisional Government and in reorganizing the Board of Finance in Pek- ing. In September 1913 Mr. Chang was appointed Vice-Minister of Finance when Hsiung Hsi-ling was Prime Minister. In May 1914, when Hsu Shih- chang was appointed Kuo-Wu-Ching or Secretary of State — replacing the Premier — , Mr. Chang as Vice -Minister of Finance was appointed concur ently to held the position of director of the Salt Administration and of Chief Inspector of the Salt Inspectorate. In this capacity Mr. Chang in co- operation with Sir Richard Dane undertook the organization of the sub- offices of the Salt Inspectorate in the difference provinces. The result of the reorganization of the Salt Administration Was the increase of Salt revenue, for which Mr. Chang was conferred the Fourth Order of Merit. In June 1915 Mr. Chang was attacked by his political opponents who charged him with embezzlement. Mr. Chang was dismissed by a Presiden- tial Mandate from the finance posts and as a sign of degtiatiatfibn he was appointed a Taoying of the Szechuan Province. However before he could proceed to take up his 'new post, his arrest was ordered. Throiug'h the efforts of his foreign and Chinese friends, the case was dro'ppiO'd and he retired to private life in Tientsin. In December 1917 when China had joined the European War on the side of the Allies, Mr. Chang was ap- pointed Chief of the Labor Emigration Bureau of the Cabinet. In October 1918 Hsu Shih-chang became President. Two months later he appointed Mr. Chang to be Acting VIce-Minister of Finance. In Janu- ary 1919 Mr. Chang was appointed concurrently to hold the position of associate- director of Salt Administration and of Chief Inspector of the Salt Inspectorate. These positions he held until August 1920 when he was transferred to be Director of the Currency Administration. In December 1920 he was conferred the First Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In December 1921 Mr. Chang was appointed Minister of Finance under Liang Shih-i who became Prime Minister as nominee of Ch^ng Tso-lin. and also acted as Director- General of the Salt Administration and that of the Currency Administration. Marshal Wu Pei-fu opposed this Cabinet, particularly Liang, Chang and Yeh Kung-cho, the Minister of Communications. On May 5, 1922, Messrs. Liang Shih-i, Chang Hu and Yeh Kung-cho were ordered by a Presidential Mandate ti> be arrested for trial, when Chang Tso-lin was defeated by the Chihli forces. On February 5, 1923 President Li Yuan-hung in a Mandate cancelled the said order of arrest in respect to Mr. Chang Hu, On August 14, 1923 Mr. Chang was appointed Acting Minister of Finance with the concurrent positions of Director-Gen- eral of the Salt Administration and that of the Currency Administration.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
41
General Chang Huai-chih
3S S ^ ^ ^ i£
General Chang Huai-chih was born at Tung-a Hsien, Shantung pro- vince, in 1860. He began his military career as Adjutant Aide-de-Camp to the late Yuan Shih-kai. In 1905 General Chang became Commander of the Defence Forces at Shanhaikuan. In 1908 he was sent to Japan to witness the Grand Manoeuver, Upon his return to China he joined the Peiyang First Division. After several promotions, he became Commander of the Shantung Fifth Division stationed at Tinafu. Shortly before the establishment of the Republic, his division was transferred to Tientsin. After the First Revolution, General Chang was appointed Defence Com- mision of Tientsin. Later he was transferred to be Defence Commissioner of Paotingfu, from which position hu resigned in the middle of 1914. In September 1915 General Chang was appointed Tutung of Charhar Special
42 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Area. In May 1916 he was appoinfed Military Director of Shantung and two months later he became Tuchun of Shantung, and was also given the concurrent position of the Civil Governor of that province. In May 1917 General Chang received the Second Order of Merit. In June 1917 General Chang joined with Generals Ni of Anhui, Chang Tso-lin of Feng- tien, Tsao Kun of Chihli, and others in defending the position of Mars- hal Tuan Chi-jui against President Li Yuan-hung. This political issue finally resulted in the attempt by Chang Hsun to restore the old monarchy. When Marshal Tuan declared war against Chang Hsun, General Chang stood with the former and rendered valuable service by cutting off at Tsinan Chang Hsun's reinforcement from Anhui. In January 1919 General Chang was appointed Chief of General Staff which position he is still holding. In January 1920 he received the First Order of Merit. In October 1920 he was awarded the First Order of Tashou Paokuang. In January 1922 General Chang was made a full general. In October 1923 General Chang was made a Marshal with the Title "Fong Wei."
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43
Mr. H. L. Chang
(Chang Hung-lien)
Mr. Chang Hung-lieh was born at Ku Shih Hsien, Honan, in 1887. He began study at the age of seven under a private tutor and continued tiH he was grown when he took the old style examination. In 1906 he went to a private middle school in Kaifeng, later entering the Provincial Col- lege at the same place, where he finished the course four years later. In 1921 Mr. Chang joined the Revolutionary Army which helped to make China a republic. He was elected a member of the Honan Assembly in 1912. He resigned to take the competitive examination for study in America. He was successful and went to America the following year. For two years
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44 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
he studied at Baldwin-Wallace College, Berea, Ohio, where he received his B. S. degree. He then studied at Oberlin. Next he went to the Universi- ty of Illinois where he received his B. A. degree in 1917 and his M. A. in 1918. In 1919 he returned to Chinai to help build up an educational system. Mr. G. H. Lee having resigned the presidency of the Government Preparatory School at Kaifeng to accept other work, Mr. Chang was in August 1919, elected to the office. In 1923 he was able to get the Honan Assembly to change the nature of the school into a university for the entire province. Chung Chow University is now its new name and Mr. Chang its President. Largely through his influence the school has been put on a per- manent basis of provincial taxation, a strong faculty has been selected of both Chinese and foreigners, and several modern buildings are now going up on a campus suited and plotted for the future expansion sure to come. In 1924 Mr. Chang wrote an important article on Chinese-Japanese Rela- tions which was published widely in America.
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45
Mr. Chang I-lin
H - H ^ ft t
Mr. Chang I-lin was born at Soochow, Kiangsu Province, in 1865. When he was thirteen years old, he passed the Prefectural Examination and obtained the rank of "Salaried Licentiate." At the age of twenty he passed the Provincial Examination and became a Ohu Jen or "Provincial Graduate."
Mr. Chang served, from that time on, for a number of years as pri- vate tutor to scholars from all over the country. He can count many prominent men as his former pupils.
In 1899, theSSth Year of Emperor Kuang Hsu, the Imperial government held a special examination for high talented men. Mr. Chang was re- commended by the Kiangsu authorities to attend it. He passed the ex-
46 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
amination with his name on the "Excellent Class" and was made an Expectant Magistrate.
Mr. Chang's literary talent attracted the attention of Yuan Shih-kai who invited him to be his secretary when he became Viceroy of Chihli in 1902. By that time Mr. Chang was editor of the Peiyang Law Journal. Later he was promoted to be Viceroy Yuan's Chief Secretary. In that capacity he helped the reorganization of the Chihli educational system along modern lines.
In 1907 Mr. Chang followed Yuan to Peking when the latter was appointed president of ^ the Board of Foreign Affairs and a Chun Chi Ta Ch'en (Lord of the Privy Council). Mr. Chang still served as Yuan's Secretary. In January 1909 Yuan Shih-kai was dismissed. During Yuan Shih-kai's exile from that time to December 1911, Mr. Chang served as secretary first to Governor of Chekiang and then to Governor of Kiangsu.
When Yuan Shih-kai became President in 1912, Mr, Chang was ap- pointed Chief of the Secretariat of the President's Office. In May 1914 Mr. Chang was appointed to hold concurrently the position of Chief of the Bureau of High Confidence in the Cabinet Office.
In October 1915 Mr. Chang left the President Office as an expression of his disapproval when Yuan Shih-kai aspired to be emperor, and would not listen to his advice. However he was at the same time appointed Minister of Education. In April 1916 he resigned from that post and retired to private life.
In November 1916, Feng Kuo-chang, who was then elected Vice- President invited Mr. Chang to be his Chief Secretary which office he accepted. When Feng became Acting President in August 1917, Mr. Chang became Chief Secretary of the President's Office again. He served in this position until August 1918 when Hsu Shih-chang was elected President by the "The Tuchun's Parliament."
From that time on until May 1922 Mr. Chang was Advisor to Presid- ent Hsu Shih-chang. In August 1921 Mr. Chang was elected member of the Kiangsu Provincial Assembly. In November 1922 he was conferred the First Order of Tashou Paokuang Ghiaho.
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47
|
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Gene in 1867. he was a tung and he was a concurren the same was appo he was t March 1£ Governor Major Ge shih and i Chang an another c |
General Chang Kuang-chien ral Chang Kuang-chien was born at Hofei Hsien, Anhui Province, He was a mandarin in Ching Regime, and in November 1911 )pointed Lieutenant Governor or Financial Commissioner of Shan- also Superintendent of the Government Granary. In January 1912 ppointed acting Governor of Shantung and was ordered to hold tly the position of Provincial Commander-in-Chief. In March of year he was summoned to Peking and in December 1912 he inted Governor of the Metropolitan District. In September 1913 ransferred to be Frontier Commissioner of Shensi and Kansu. In 14 General Chang was appointed acting Mingchengchang (Civil ) and Tutu (Military Commissioner) of Kansu and was made a neral. In May 1914 tha Mingchen-chang was changed into Hsunan- n June 1914 Tutu in to Chiang-chun. He therefore was Mingcheng d Chiangchun, directing military affairs of Kansu. In July 1916 ;hange of these title names was effected and General Chang was |
48 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
appointed Shengchang (Civil Governor) and Tuchun (Military Governor) of Kansu. In January 1920 General Chang received the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. In October he was awarded by the Presid- ent a "Sword of Eight Lions." In December he was removed by a Presidential Mandate from the Governorship of Kansu and created a Chiangchun with the honorable title of "Huan Wei." He left this post in the spring of 1921. In October 1921 General Chang was appointed Tutung (Civil and Military Administrator) of "Chinese Descendants under the Plain Yellow Banner," a unit of the Manchu Military Organization which position he is still holding. In October 1922 General Chang was awarded the Third Order of Merit and in January 1923 he was m'ide a Lieutenant General. In February 1924 he was made a Full General.
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49
Mr. Chang Kuo-kan
Mr. Chang Kuo-kan was born at P'u-ch'i Hsien, Hupei Province, in 1873. Ho received a thorough education in Chinese, in 1903 he became a Chu jen or Provincial Graduate, through competitive examinations; He was a pupil of former President Hjsu Shih-chang. In the Ching time, Mr. Chang was an Expectant Taotai in Heilungkiang. Later he became a member of the Bureau for the Compilation of Constitutional Laws. From June 1911 to January 1912 Mr. Chang was assistant chief of the Statistics Bureau of the State Council or Cabinet. From May to October 1912, he was Chief of the Civil Service Bureau of the Cabinet. From October 1912 to October 1913 he was Chief Secretary of the Cabinet. On May 15, 1914 he was appointed Vice-Minister of the Interior, but on the 14th he resigned on account of mourning. In November 1914 Mr. Chang was ap-
50 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
pointed T'san Cheng or Councillor of the T'sau Cheng Yuan (Yuan Shih- kai's State Advisory Council in place of the dissolved Parliament). He served in the Council until April 23, 1916 when he was appointed Minister of Education. On June 30, 1916 he was transferred to be Minister of Agriculture and Commerce and concurrently was Acting Minister of Justice. From these ministerships Mr. Chang was removed on July 31, 1916 when he was appointed Civil Governor of Heilungkiang. However, he did not assume the new office and was officiaJlly relieved from the governor-ship on August 11. In November 1916 he became Chief Sec- retary of the Cabinet again. In July 1917, Mr. Chang was appointed Minister of Agriculture and Commerce and concurrently Director-General of the National Conservancy Bureau. The latter position he soon resigned and the former position he held until November 1917., In January 1920 Mr. Chang was conferred the Fourth Order of Merit. In February 1920 he was appointed Director-General of Hankow Port Construction Board. In October 1920, he was appointed Chief Justice of the Administrative Court in Peking. From June to August 1922 Mr. Chang was Minister of Agri- culture and Commerce and also acted for Tan Yen kai as Minister of the Interior. In November 1922 he was conferred the First Order of Wenfu. In January 1924 Mr. Chang was appointed Minister of Education in Sun Pao-chi's Cabinet.
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51
Dr. L. N. Chang
(Chang Li-ao)
Dr. L. N. Chang, was born in Nanking in 1887. He received his education at St. John's University, Shanghai. While in school Dr. Chang was for some time editor of the St. John's Echo and the World's Chinese Students' Journal. In 1907 Dr. Chang went to America to pursue higher education on private support. He studied economics and philosophy at the University of Virginia, 1907-8. Later he studied law at Yale University, 1909-11, and obtained the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws in 1911. In 1910-11 he was editor of the Chinese Student's Month- ly. Upon his return to China in 1911, he was awarded the degree of Chih
52 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Shih by the government. He was co-director of the International Institute at Shanghai, 1911-12. In 1912 Dr. Chang '.vent to Hankow to become co- editor of the Hankow Daily News, English editor. Later he entered upon on official career. He was for a time acting director of the Hupei Bur- eau of Foreign Affairs and at another time Acting High Procurator of the Hupei Procuratorate. While holding these positions he was also Legal Advisor to General Li Yuan-hung. For many years Dr. Chang has been practising law at Wuchang and Hankow. He has been legal advisor to the Hankow Special Administration District, ex-German Concession and also Councillor to General Wu Pei-fu. During the World War Dr. Chang was advisor to the Bureau for Sequestration of Enemy, later special Properties in Hupei. Dr. Chang was President of the Wuchang-Hankow Y.M.C.A, in 1916 and again in 1918. In the latter year he was also chairma,n of fthe Hankow Chinese Volunteer Company. Dr. Chang's present address is 35 Rue de Paris, Hankow.
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53
Mr. Chang Lu-Ch'uan 5S, @ ^ ^ ^ ^
Mr. Chang Lu-ch'uan was born at Huant'ai Hsien, Shantung Province, in 1880. He graduated from a High School in Shantung and the Agri- cultural School at Paoting. After graduation he joined an entsrprise for the colonization and cultivation of Fengtien Province. Subssquently he interested himself in an investigation into the agricultural conditions of several districts in North China. He also made a trip to Japan to inves- tigate the agricultural condition of that country. During the First Re- volution which resulted in the establishment of the Republic in 1912, Mr. Chang led an army and captured Kaomi and Chucheng, Shantung, which declared independence of the provincial authorities. After the abdication of the Manchus, he went to Tsinan, capital of Shantung, and rendered
54 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
assistance in the organization of the Provisional Provincial Assembly of which he was subsequently elected a member. In April 1913 the First Parliament was inaugurated in Peking and Mr. Chang attended as a Senator from Shantung Province. IJe was a member of the Kuomingtang (People's Party) and was later elected chairman of Ithe Industrial Committee of the Senate. In that capacity he rendered valuable service in the adoption of phonetic simplification of the language and promotion of industrial educa- tion. Having prescribed the Kuomingtang as a seditious organization, the President Yuan Shih-kai unseated all members of the two Houses belong- ing to that Party in November 1913. Mr. Chang immediately retired to his native village and remained silent until October 1915 when Yuan Shih- kai launched his monarchical movement. Mr. Chang took an important part in the rebellion of the Republican troops at Choutsun and Weihsien, Shantung, against Yuan Shih-kai in May 1916. This movement had a strong effect on the decision subsequently taken by Yuan to revoke his scheme. During these trying times, Mr. Chang acted as the representative of the Shantung troops at the headquarters of the Republican Army in Shanghai. In August 1916 when Parliament was reconvened by the new President Li Yuan-hung, Mr. Chang again became a Senator. In June 1917 the Parlia- ment was for the second time dissolved, and Mr. Chang had to return home again, having declined offers of high positions by the militarists then ruling Peking. In October 1918 when Hsu Shih-chang became Presi- dent of China. Mr. Chang's attitude finally led to his being suspected of sympathy with the Southern Constitutionists. He finally accepted an in- vitation of the Constitutional Parliament and went to Canton. Upon his arrival at Canton, he was appointed Councillor of the Military government. At the same time he was invited by the parliamentarians to become Chief Secretary of the Two Houses. In June 1922 Mr. Chang returned to Peking with the old Parliament. Mr. Chang was awarded the Secooid Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration in October 1922.
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55
Dr. Chang Po-ling.
(Chang Pai-Iing)
Dr. Chang Po-ling was born at Tientsin in April 1874.> He studied Chinese first under his father, a Chinese scholar, and then under private tutors. With this preparatory work at home, he went to the Peiyang Naval College, Tientsin, in 1888. After a stay of five years in that ins- titution, he graduated; Subsequently he joined the navy and served on a training ship for two years. After leaving the navy he taught at the home of Yen Hsiu, a famous Hanlin in the Ching Dynasty. His pupils included Mr. Yen's sons, nephews and relatives. Scane of them are now holding positions of importance anil influence. At the same time Dr. Chang taught at the home of Wang Kuei-chang, a well-known salt mer- chant. These two private schools which Dr. Chang conducted, having twenty students, were used as the foundation for the present Nankai Col- lege. In 1903, Dr. Chang went to Japan together with Yen Hsiu to study
56 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the Japanese educational system. Upon his return he started a high school in Mr. Yen's house by the combination of t hese two private schools. The high school began its carreer with seventy-three students. It had' a normal class of six students who studied and taught at the same time. Those who assisted Dr. Chang in the establishment of the school during that period were Mr. Yen and the late president Yiuan Shih-kad, who was then Viceroy of Chihli. In 1908, Dr. Chaug made a trip to America and Europe to study their educational system. Ho was away from China for seven months. Before his departure for foreign countries, he made a decision to become a Christian, and was baptised at Tientsin after his return. In August 1917, Dr. Chang went 1 3 America and spent a year and a half at Columbia Teachers' College where he 'specialized in education. Mr. Yen and Fan Yuen-lien, former Minister of Education^ joined him in America the following year. They returned togetiier to China at the end of 1918. In the winter of 1918, Dr. Chang had the Nankai High School converted int) a college, which now has eighty students in the collegiate department and one thousand one hundred eighty .students in the middle school. He has been responsible for the pressnt growth 'of the college. General Li Shun, the late Military Governor of Kiangsu, shortly before his deaths gavi? a half million dollars to the new college. In the summer of 1919, St. John's University of Shanghai conferred upon Dr. Chang 'the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
57
General Chang Shao-tseng
.General Chang Shao-tseng was born at Tach'eng Hsien, Chihli pro- vince, in 1870. After having received preliminary education in a military- school in North China, he went to Japan and studied in the Military Officer's Academy where he graduated in Ostober 1901 as a member of the first group of Chines3 military studentfs from Japan. Upon his return to China, General Chang enlisted in the Army. In 1911 he was made Com- mander-in-Chief of the Imperial 20th Division with headquarters at Hsin Ming Teng, Mukden. In October 1911, the Imperial Chin government ordered a great manoeuver to be held at Kaiping on the Peking Mukden Line. Six Divisions of the Imperial Army were to participate including General Chang's., His troops were given Lanchow, near Kaiping, for an encamp- ment. The revolution broke out ,at Wuc^liang on October 10, two days be- fore the beginning of the maneouver. An urgent order was issued to have
58 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
larger portion of the ^sembled troops despatched t o the South to suppress the revolution. Before he was ordered to move, General Chang made the authorities in Peking to understand that he was in sympathy with the Revolutionists. He and two other general:?, late Wu Lu-chen and late Lan Tien-wei, who were then known as the "Three Heroes of North China," had been secretly working for the overthrow of the Manchu House. His position was weakened when Division Commander Wu iLu-chen was assas- sinated by Yuan Shih-kai's agent in his headquarters at Shahchiachuang, on the Peking-Hankow Line, in December 1911. In the Ijeginning of 1912, General Chang was appointed Pacification- Commissioner and sent to Shang- hai to expedite unification of South and North China- Ht3 was then the leader of the Progressive Party with headquarters at Tientsin. In April 1912 Yuan Shih-kai appointed him Councillor. At the end of the year he was appointed Acting Chianchun of the Suiyuan Special Area. This, por- tion was substantiated to him in the Spring of 1913. A)boutf the samei time he was made a Lieutenant General with the brevet rank of Full General. In January 1914 General Chang was appointed concurrently the As- sistant Tutung of Kueihua Ch'eng, in the Suiyuan area. In April 1914 he became advisor to the President., In October 1916 he was appointed mili- tary Inspector General. In December 1917 General Chang was appointed a Chiangchun of the Chiangchun Fu with the honorable title of two words-: "Shu Wei." In Autumn of 1921, General Chang suggested the calling of a National Conference at Lushan for the discussion and settlement of civil and military affairs of the county. His suggestion had the strong support of General Wu Pei-fu who was said to be its real advocate. However, ow- ing to opposition it failed of realization. In June 1922, General Chang was appointed Civil Governor of Shensi. He did not assume office, because two months later he was appointed Acting Minister of War. In October 1922, he was conferred the Second Order of Merit. In November 1922, he was ordered concurrently to hold the post of President of the Commission for the Recovery of the Mongolian Front. General Chang's appointment as Premier was ratified by the Parliament in January 1921. As a Premier he held the portifolio of War and presidency • of the Commission for the Dis- cussion of Political Reorganization. Ir, February 1923 he was made a full General. In June 1923 he submitted his resignation from the Pi-emi'ership' and Ministership of War which was not officially accepted until January 1924.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
59
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Mr. Chang Shou-Iing
60 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Chang Shou-ling was born at Changchow, Kiangsu in 1872. He is a literary man being a Metropolitan graduate of the Ching regime. When Mr. Chang was nineteen years ot age, he studied the question of finatices in the Chuchow Yamen of the Shantung Province. At the age of 26, Mr. Chang was appointed by the Governor of Shantung, Fu Kun, to take charge of financial affairs of the whob province. In 1895 Mr. Chang was transferred to Chihli and. served under Viceroys Wang Wen-shao, Jung-lu, Yuan Sshih-kai, Yang Shih-hsiang and Yu Lu successively for al- together twelve years. During that period he managed financial matters for Peiyang. In 1911, Mr. Chang was transferred by Chao Er-hsuan, then Viceroy of the Three Eastern Provinces, to ba Director of the Fengtien Bureau for the management of Manchu affairs. Concurrently he held the positions of the head of the Provision and Taxation Bureau of the Three Eastern Provinces and of the Army Preparation Bureau. Upon the es- tablishment of the Republic, Mr. Chang was appointed chief secretary to the Tutuh or Military Governor of Fengtien. In September 1913, he was ap- pointed Chief of the Revenue Bureau of the Province of Kiangsu and also director of the Financial Department of the same Province. These posi- tions he held until February 1914, when he was appointed Viae-Minister of Finance while President Hsu Shih-chang was Secretary of State. He resigned this position in July 1915, but was not officially relieved of it until May 1916. When the late Feng Kuo-chang was President during 1917-18, Mr. Chang was one of his High Advisors and was appointed Director-General of a Wine and Tobacco post. In October 1920 Mr. Chang was conferred the Second Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In Janu- ary 1922 he was conferred the First of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In April 1922 Mr. Chang was ordered to assist in the organization of the proposed Wine and Tobacco Commercial Bank. Mr. Chang was one of the promoters of the Chinese-American Banking Corporation and is still a director of it.
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General Chang Tsai-yang 56 IS ^ ^ Bt 10 meral Chang Tsai-yang was born at Hsingchang, ChekiangP] . He was graduated from the Military College of Chekiang. Regime, he served in the army. After the establishment |
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62 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Republic, General Chang was appointed Ck)mmander of the 50th Brigade of the National Army and subsequently was made Brigadier General. As a Brigade Commander, he was also the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Force for Hangchow City. He was twice appointed Director General of the Opium Suppression Bureau of Chekiang. In 1913, General Chang was appointeed Defence Commissioner of the' ISiiiigpo-Shaohsin-Taichow district. In the beginning of 1915 he was transferred to act as Defence Commis- sioner of the Chiahsin-Huchow district of Chekiang. In June 1916 Gen- eral Chang was appointed Commander of the 25th Division, still holding the concurrent position of Defence Commissioner. About the same time he was made a Lieutenant General. In 1918 General Chang was appointed Commander of the Second Division of the Chekiang Provincial Army: dur- ing May-June 1919 he was Commander of the First Division of the same Army. In February 1920, General Chang was conferred the Fourth Order of Merit. In October 1922 he was given the Second Order of Tashou Pao- kuang Chiaho and was appointed Civil Governor of Chekiaoig, which posi- tion he is still holding. In February 1923 General Chang was given rank of full General.
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Gneeral Chang Tso-hsians:
General Chang Tso-hsiang was born at I-Hsien, Fengtien Province. In his youth he is reported to have led a life very much similar to that of Generals Chang Tso-lin and Chang Ching-hui, that is a leader of independent bands of soldiei;s. For several years however, General Chang has been a strong lieutenant of Marshal Chang Tso-lin. After he had surrendered to the authorities together with General Chang Tso-lin, General Chang became Commander of a Battalion of Patrol Forces first stationed at Hsin Ming Tun and later at Cheng Chia Tun and Tiao Nan. After the establishment of the Republic, General Chang was appointed Commander of the 27th Cavalry Regiment of the 27th Division. For a time he was commander of the 27th Artillery Regiment of the same Divi-
64 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
sion. In December 1917 he was appointed Commander of the 54th Bri- gade of the 27th Division to succeed General Sun Lieh-cheng^ In Janu- ary 1918 he was made a Lieutenant General. In January 1919 he was ap- pointed to be concurrently the Chief of Staff to the High Inspecting Com- missioner of the Three Eastern Provinces. In May 1919 he was removed from the Commandership of the 54th Brigade and, in August 1919 was appointed Commander of the Twenty-Seventh Division to succeed General Sun Lieh-cheng was had became Tuchun of Heilungkiang. In January of 1920 General Chang received the Second Order of Paokuang Chiaho and in February 1920 he was awarded the Fifth Order of Merit and in October of the same year was given the Fourth Order of Merit. In December 1920 he was removed from the position of Chief of Staff to Marshal Chang Tso- ling. In July 1921 General Chang, still commanding the 27th Division, re- ceived the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho. In April 1922 the 27th Divi- sion participated in the Chihli-Fengtien .fight between Wu Pei-fu and Chang Tso-ling which resulted in the defeat of the Fengtien troops. Since that time. Marshal Chang Tso-lin has declared his independence of Peking and his generals including Chang Tso-hsiang are receiving no orders from the Peking government but are serving under Marshal Chang Tso-lin for the preservation of peace and order in Manchuria. In April 1924 General Chang Tso-ling appointed General Chang Tso-hsiang to succeed General Sun Lien- cheng, who had died as Tuchun of Kirin. He has been also the assistant commander-in-chief of the Manchuria Forces for the Preservation of Peace.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
65
General Chang Tso-Iin
General Chang Tso-lin was born at Haichen Hsien, Fengtien Province, in 1876. He received no education in his youth, but his bravery and initative distinguished him and signed him out to be a powerful leader among a class of outlaws known as Hungutzu. During the Russo-Japanese War General Chang fought on the side of Japan and rendered no smaJl service to the Mikadoi. In 1906 General Chang surrendered tD Chao Erh- hsun who was jthen the Tartar General of Mukden (Fengtien Chiangchtiin). A regime was immediately formed composed of his followars, with him- seli as Commanding Officer. A few years later he was promoted to be Commander of the Fengtien Defence Force in China in which capacity he rendered valuable service in the maintenence of peace and order through-
66 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
out the Manchurian Province during the Revolution in 1911-12(w After the establishment of the Republic in 1912, General Chang was made a Lieutenant General and Commander of the Twenty-Seventh Division of the National Army. General Chang served Yuan Sha^kai faithfully, but when Yuan's monarchical movement was about to col|<i^e, he compell'eid General Tuan Chi-kuei, who Vfa& then Civil and Mililstiy Governor (Chi- angchun and Hsunanshih) of Fengtien, and supporter of the movement, to leave Fengtien. Asked why he refused to 'support Yuan, whom he had urged to assend the Throne, General Chang replied that he was pnly mak- ing a figure of speech when he asked Yuan to do so. -^^l
On April 17, 1916 he was 'Ordered by Peking for the Chiang-chun of Fengtien. Two days later he got the appointment as Hsunanshih (Civil Governor) of Fengtien. On April 22, he was made a ChiangchuU; of Feng- tien with the special title of two words "Sheng Wu." On the 23rd he was appointed Acting Director-General of Military Affairs and coiietirrently to hold the position of Hsunanshih of Fengtien. 0,n July 6, 1916 General Chang became Tuchun and Shenglchang which were the new designations for Military and Civil Governors in place of Chiangcliun and I^suna^nshih respectively. General Chang assisted the former Prime Minister, General Tuan Chi-jui, in restoring the Republic for the second time in June 1917 when it was (Overthrown by General Chang Bsun who attempted to restore the Ching Regime. In 1918 General Chang was appointed the High Ins- pecting Commissioner of fthe Three Eastern Provinces, still holding the positions of Military and Civil Governors of Fengtieii. In October 1919 General Chang was conferred the^. First Order of Meriti. In January 1920 he was made a Full General as recognition of service rend^3red in connec- tion with the Participation in the European War. In Febrijary 1920 he was conferred the First Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaha. During 1918- 20, the government of North China ramained in the hands of a clique of Northern Militarists, presided over by Tuan Chi-juii. In July 1920 the Chihli and Fengtien Tuchuns took advantage of public hostility towards fche faction in power to force the matter to an issue. The dismissal of Hsu Shu-tseng from the Commandership" of the North-western Frontier De- fence Force and also from the position of North- Wtestern Colonization Commissioner was demanded by General \Vu Pei-fu and General Tsao-Kun, the High Inspecting Commissioner of Chihli, Shantung and Honan. The President yielded by issuing a Mandate on the 4th ordering the dismissal.
Ae a result of the opposition of the "Tuchuns," Parliament and of the Anfu leaders, President Hsu on July 9, ordered Wu Pei-fu to be dis- missed from the Commandership of the Third Division to be deprived of all ranks and honors, and to be dealt with by law. Tsao Kun was also censured. These Generals accepted the challenge, and in co-operation with General Chang Tso-lin, undertook "to support the government" by the forcible removal of the Anfu Party. The power of the Anfu leaders collapsed after a few engagements in which the only real fighting was done by Wu Pei-fu's forces. On October 10, 1920 General Chang was made Shan Chiang-chun (Marshal) with the title of two words Chen Wei. Following a conference of Super-Tuchuns, Chang Tso-lin, Tsao Kun and
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 67
Wang Chan-yuan, held at Tientsin and Peking, during April and May 1921, General Chang was appointed High Commissioner for Mongolia with full power to reconquer Urga which was then in the hands of Soviet Russians. During the latter part of 1921 General Chang again went to Peking from Manchuria ,to adjust matters to his own satisfaction, and the result of his visit was the installation of the Liang Shih-i Cabinet on December 24, 1921. In March 1922 General Chang was awarded the First Order of Wenfu. During the winter 1921-22, a military and political coalition with General Chang as the leader was organized with the avowed purpose of eliminating Wu Pei-fu. The members of the coalition were the Manchurian military leaders, the Anfu leaders under Tuan Chi-jui, the Chiaotung fac- tion under Liang Shih-i, the Tuchuns of Honan, Anhui and Chekiang, and the Kuomingtang Party in the South under Sun Yat-sen. However this later met with failure as some of the members of the coalition lost their cour- age. The result of this invasion was a war in the vicinity of Tientsin and Peking. Fighting commenced on April 18, and lasted until May 4, when Chang's troops in the west of Peking had suffered heavy loss at the hands of Feng Yu-hsiang's 11th Division. The evacuation commenced at once and by noon of May 4. Chang's entire iorce was enroute for Mukden. On May 1, 1922, Presidential Mandates "were issued, dismissing General Chang from the position of Oivil and Milijtary gjovernors of Fengtien, abolishing the posts of High Inspecting Commissioner of the Three Eastern Provinces and of the High Commissioner for Mongolia, and ordering him to be dealt with by law. Ever since this defeat Manchuria under Genei'al Chang's ,rule has been independent of Peking with himself as the Command- er-in-Chief of the Forces for the Maintenance of Order and Peace in Manchuria. In September 1924 following the outbreak of the war in the lower Yangtse^ district between Chekiang and Kiangsu provinces, Marshal Chang Tso-lin, mobilized his forces for the purpose of assisting his assoc- iate Marshal Lu Yung-hsiang in the Yangtze area. Owing large;ly to the coup d'etat of General Feng Yu-heiang, in Peking, Marshal Chang was successful in defeating the leading power purporting the Peking govern- ment, having been responsible with General Feng Yu-hsiang in the return of Tuan Chi-jui to the presidency.
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Mr. Chang Tsung-hsiang
# ^ # ^ f t 5W Mr. Chang Chung-hsiang was born at Wusheng Hsien, Chekiang province, in 1897. He was brouglit up and given his education at his grandfather's home. The Chinese academic degree he held in the Ching Dy- nastywas "Ling Kung Sheng" or isalaried Senior Licentiate. He was one of the earliest Chinese students to study in Japan. In Japan Mr. Chang first studied at the First High School and then the Meiji University where he graduated in 1903 with the degree of LL.B. He later acted as interpreter of the late Wu Ju-lan. a very famous literati, when the latter in the capacity of the Dean of the Imperial University was visiting in Japan on a minsi-on to istudy educational conditions of that country. Upon his return to China following his graduation, Mr. Chang became teacher of the Institution of High Learning for Metropolitan graduates. In 1905 he assisted in the compila-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 69
tion of Commercial Laws. In 1907 he was appointed junior secretary of the Board of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce. In 1906 Mr. Changi became Proctor of the Bureau of Laws and Regulations in the Boaird of the Interior. Subsequently he was appointed Co-Director of the Bureau of Comilations under the Office of Investigation and Oom.p|ilation of Con- stitutional Laws. During 19(E-10 Mr. Chang was Superintendent of Inner City Police of Peking. In June 1911 he was appointed assistant chief o^ the Laws Compilation Bureau of the Cabinet. This position he held until January 1912 when he retired. In April 1912 Mr. Chang was appointed by President Yuan Shih-kai to be Chief of the Law Comjpilation' Bureau of the Cabinet. In July 1912 he becam:e Chief Justice -of the Supreme Court. In January 1914 he became minister of Justice. In April 1914 he was ordered to act concurrently as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce. On June 30, 1916 Mr. Chang was appointed Chinese Minister to Japan. In April 1919 he was granted permission by the President to return to Peking on/ a short leave of absence. During 1918-20 the government of North China remained in the hands of the Anfu Faction, with Tuan Chi-jui at the head of it. The government was able to retain office chiiefly as the result of a series of Japanese Loans, which were concluded regardless of public opinion. Public hostility to the government found expression on May 4, 1919, when several pro-Japanese officials were attaoked by the students'. On June 10, Mr. Chang was officially relieved from the Tokyo post by a Presidential Mandate. In January 1920 he was Conferred the Fourth Order of Merit.
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Mr.'^hang Tsung-yuan
Mr. Chang Tsung-yuan was barn at Shanghai in 1876, although his native home is at Wuhsing Hsien, Chekiang Province. From 1898 to 1900 he was a Istudent at Nanyang College. Upon graduation he went to Ame^ rica to study, arriving in January 1900. Mr. Chang prepared himself for college at Pomona College. In 1903 he entered the University of Cali- fornia where he studied Economics and Commerce and was graduated in 1907 with the degree B, S. In July 1907 Mr. Chang returned to China and immediately became a member of the Board of Foreign Affairs. From 1909 to 1911 he served as Preeident of the College of Finance, Peking. In June 1912 Mr. Chang was appointed Acting Vice-Minister of Finance and in August became Vice-Minister. In November 1912 he was appointed
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 71
Financial Commissioner to London. In October 1913 Mr. Chang was ap- pointed Director of the Audit Department and in July 1914 he was appointed co-director-general of the currency administration.. He held this position until the office was abolished at the end of 1914. In Decembar 1917 Mr. Chang wai? appointed Hon. Member of the Commission for the Study of Financial Questions arising during the World War. In 1918 he was ap- pointed by the Ministry of Communications to the position of President of the Tangshan Engineering College which position he held until 1920 when he resigned. In March 1920 Mr. Chang received the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho. In May 1921 Mr. Chang became chairman of the Local Administra- tion Conference held in Peking and attended by delegates ftom all the Provinces and Special Areas. In September 1921 after the close of the conference he was a' warded the Second Order of Paokuang Chiaho.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Chang Yao-chiang
(Chang Yao-h«iang)
Mr. Chang Yao-chiang was born in Hankow in 1896 and studied first at Boone University. Ee graduated from Tsing Hua in 1915, went to Ame- rica in the sante year and studjied at Amherst OoUege a/id Columbia ITrii- versity, receiving his A. B. in 1918.^ He then (took post-graduate work in the Department of Psychology in the same University, received his A. M. in 1919. He returned to China in 1920 and was appointed professor of Peking Higher Normal College. He founded the Chinese Psychological Society in Nanking in 1921 and was elected the first president of the Society, and also editor of the Chinese Joutn'al of Psychology, a 150-pag«e
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 73
quarterly, now drawing a circulation of 5,000 copies every issue. In that journal he published some of his original researches, such as "Chinese Vocabulary Test," "Chinese Information Test," "Chinese Superstitions," "Eccentricities of Past Chinese," "First Memories," "A Study of Emotion of Chinese New Poets," etc. He was appointed dean of the Department oi Education and Psychology of Peking Normal University in 1922, which post he is still holding.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Chang Ying-fang.
General Chang Ying-fang was born at Hengshui Hsien, Chihli Pro- vince, in 1889. He received his middle school education in the Tientsin Anglo-Chinese College and later joined the 20th Division of the Imperial Army when General Chang Shao-tseng was Commander-in-Chief. He at- tended the military training school attached to the Division. After the outbreak of the Revolution at Wuchang in October 1911, he went to Man- churia where he got together a large number of Hunghutzu and organiz- ed an army with the intention of attacking Peking from the North.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 75
After the establishment of the Republic in 1912, President Yuan Shih- kai summoned General Chang to Peking, (jcneral Chang then voluntsered to lead an expedition into Mongolia which had declared its independence of Peking. However before the despatch of the expedition the Living Buddha Cheptsundampa sent representatives to Peking to re-establish friendly relations with the Central governmeiit. Subsequently General Chang declined all offers of position from President Yuan and retired to private life. When Yuan Shih-kai started his monarchical movement in August 1915, General Chang went to Kueichow and joined General Yuan Tsu-ming, then Commander of a Division. Later he became Commander of a Brigade. In 1917 General Chang returned to the North and became Staff Officer to the 20th Division of the National Army.. In June 1922 he was asked to go to Shensi to reorganize the provincial police by General Chanjg Shao- tseng who had beenj appointed Civil Governor of that Province. Soon afterwards General Chang Shao-tseng was appointed Minister of War, when afterwards General Chang Shao-tseng was appointed Minister of War and Navy, and later was 'appointed Chief of the Military and Naval Audit Bureau. After assuming office, General Chang advocated the independence of military expenditures and incorporated his idea in a booklet entitled "Why Milit- ary Expenditures Should Be Independent." , This has been translated into English. The main idea of the plan is to nationalize all the provincial troo]^5 and to make the commissariat officers independent of the com- manders of the troops. In November 1922 General Chang was made a Brigadier General and at the same time received the Second Order of Wenfu> In January 1923 he was given the Second Order of Chiaho and the brevet rank of Lieutenant General. |[n February 1913 he received the Third Order of Paokuang Chiaho and in March 1923, the Second Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In April 1923 he was appointed a metober of the Commission for the Discussion of National Finances. In February 1924 he was removed from the post of Chief of the Military and Navy Audit Bureau.
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Mr. Chang Ying-hua was born at Hengshui Hsien, Chihli Provi^c,e, in 1886. He received his middle school education in the Tientsin Anglo- Chinese College. Later he went to England and studied in Manchester. He began his official career upon his return to China. In the first few years of the Republic, Mr. Chang served for a time as Consolation-Commissioner to the Three Eastern Provinces. Later after his return to Peking he be- came a professor of the Kuo Ming University. In 1918 Mr. Chang was appointed Inspector of the Chuannan District (at Tzeliuching) of the Sajt
WHO'S WHO IN CHJNA 77
Administration. In December that year he received the Fourth Order of Chiaho. In January 1919 Mr. Chang was ordered to act for the Salt Com- missioner of Szechuan and later was appointed to that position which he held for over two years. In January 1921 Mr. Chang received the Second Order of Chiaho. In June 1921 he resigned from the Szecl^uan post. In August of the same year he was appiointed Salt Conwni'ssiojier of H'otung (Shansi). This new positicm he held until January 1922 when he was ap- pointed Financial Commissioner of Kansu. In February 1922 Mr. Chang was appointed Deputy Director to the Kiangsu Government Bank. In June 1922 he was appointed superintendent of the Soochow Customs. In August he was appointed Vice-Minister of Finance, and also as Chief of the Salt Ad- ministration and Inspector General of the Salt Inspectorate then he also acted avS Minister of Finance. In September he wtis transferred to become President of the Commission for the Study of China's Finance. In March 1192.3 Mr. Chang was awarded the First Order of Wenfu. In the same month he was appointed Director-General of the Currency Administration. In May 1923 he was appointed Acting Minister of Finance and Director General of Salt Administration which positions he held until July 10, 1923.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Y. C. Chang
m ):i ^^ mm
(Chang Yu-Ch'uan)
Dr. Y. C. Chang was born at Canton in 1880. He studied' at! the Anglo-Chinese College, Poochow, from 1890, to 1891, and at the Queen's College in the following year and later at the Peiyang University. From 1898 to 1899 he studied at the Imperial University, Tokio, Japan. During the period he was awarded various prizes for high standing in Chinese, English and athletics. In August of 1901 Dr. Chang arrived in America
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 79
to pursue a higher education. He studied law at the University of Cali- fornia and Yale University, where he graduated with a degree of LL.B. in 1903 and M.L. the following year. When the Chinese High Commissioners were appointed to go to Europe and America for the investigation of constitutional governments in 1906, he was appointed an attache. Upon his return he received the degree of Chin Shih (Doctor of Law) from the government after a competitive examination. From 1906 to 1907 Dr. Chang was Inspector of Schools in Shansi, Chihli, Shantung, Honan, etc. The next year 'found him as Second Secretary to the Chinese Legation in Japan. From 1910 to 1911 he was president of the College of Communica- tions, Peking. He was promoted to be Secretary to the President and Councillor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs soon afterwards. In June 1913 he was appointed Commissioner for Foreign Afffairs for Kiangs'u Province. In October 1913 he was appointed superintendent of Customs of Wuhu and concurrently Commissioner of Foreign Affairs for Anhwei province. The latter position he held until March 1915 when he was called to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Dr. Chang was appointed president of the Tsing Hua College in the autumn of 1918. In May 1919 he was confierred the Second Order of Chiaho. In January 1920 he was recalled to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In February 1920 Dr. Chang was conferred the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho. In September he was appointed Chief of the Investigation Bureau of the Ministry. In November he was appointed to hold concurrently the post of Chief-in-Charge of the Translation Bureau. In March 1921 Dr. Chang was appointed to act as Councillor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In June he was given the Second Order of Wenfu. In August he was appointed Councillor of the Ministry. In September he became an expert to the Chinese Delegation to the Pacific Conference. In May 1922 Dr. Chang was conferred the Second Order of Paokuang Chiaho. In Noveember he was appointed a member of the Com- mission on Russian Affairs. Dr. Chang is still Councillor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In June 1924 he was appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs to be expert adviser to th(^ Sino-Russian Conference.
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WPIO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Yuan-shan Djang
(Chang Yuan-shan)
Mr. Y. S. Djang was born at Soochow in 1892 where he received his preliminary education. From 1907 to 1901, he studied at Kiangnan Col- lege, Nanking. Before he went to America in 1911, he studied in the Tsing- hua College for one year and obtained a scholarship. From 1911 to 1915 he took a course in Liberal arts at Cornell University. While there he was chief manager of the Chinese Students' Monthly and was editor of the Chinese Students' annual in 1913-14. He was graduated in 1915 with the degree of B. A. and returned to China in August of the same year. Mr. Djang was appointed upon his return Chemist of the Chihli Pro-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 81
vincial Industrial Laboratory and of the Pei Yang Plague Prevention Bureau, He also devoted much time in teaching and writing and also acted as lecturer in Sanitary Chemistry, Government University, Peking; teacher in the Chihli Middle School, Tientsin ; editor of the Ladies' Journal, Shanghai; etc. For some time he was English secretary to the Bureau of Foreign Affairs of Chihli and Advisor to the Chihli Police Adm'itiisbrar tion. Mr. Djang was secretary of the Cornell Alumni Association of North China in 1915; and Chinese secretary of American Returned Students' Club, Tientsin, 1916-17. In the winter of 1918, Mr. Djang was appointed general secretary of the Anti-Narcotic Society, Tientsin. From September 1920 to December 1921, he served as general secretary of the North China International Society of Finance Relief. Since January 1922, he has been associate executive secretary of the China International Fam'ine Relief Commission, which has its headquarters in Peking. Being interested in social service, Mr. Djang held membership or offices in various public or- ganizations in Capital. Mr. Djang is the author of many articles in both Chinese and foreign journals and of number of pamphlets among which are. An Outline of a System of School Calculated to Promote Mass Education in China and Ledger Account for Household Express.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Chao Ch'ing-hua
Mr. Chao Ching-hua was born at Chingihua, Chekiang Province in 1879. He received his education at the Diocesan School of Hongkong from which institution he graduated in 1890. After his graduation, he entered the Government School of Telegraphy at Canton and completed this course in 1892. At this time he became director of the Telegraph Administration of Kwangtung province. He remained in this position until 1897 when he became assistant secretary to C. W. Kinder, the engineer-in-chief of the Peking-Mukden railway. It was in this position that Mr. Chao first gained insight into his career. In 1904 Mr. Chao became secretary to T. J. Bourne,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 83
chief engineer of S. Pierson and Sons, who were the contractors under- taking the construction of the Taikow-Cliinghua railway and continued further his study of railway operation and construction. During this time he brought 2,000 skilled laborers from the Taibow Chinghua railway for the grades and earthwork between Shanghai and Woosung. He also laid the track between Shanghai and Nanziang. Completing this work in 1907, Mr. Chao became Secretary to Tang Shao-yi, who was then Director General of Railways of the Ministry of Communication?. In 1909 he resigned from this position to take that of managing director of the Canton-Kowloon Railway and made the agreement with the Canton government for the Chinese-British section of the railway. In 1914 Mr. Chao became man- aging director of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway and reorganized the ad- ministration of both the north and south sections. In 1916 he was ap- pointed manager of the Shanghai branch of the Bank of Communications and while there modernized the accounting system, bridged over the moratorium and resumed the issue of specie ♦notes. In 1917 he became director of the sequestered Austrian and German river vessels and wharfs along the Yangtse River. In 1918 Mr. Chao was conferred the Third Order of Wenfu and in September 1920 the Third Order of Chiaho. In Novem- ber 1920 Mr. Chao was appointed a Member of the Railway Finance Reorganization Commission. In February 1921, he received the Second Order of Chiaho. In June 1921 he \Vas appointed a Member of the office of Councillors of the Ministry of Communications. In December 1921 Mr. Chao was appointed a Secretary of the Cabinet when Liang Shih-i was the Premier. He was removed from this post after the Chihli-Fengtien war in June 1922. In August 1922 Mr. Chao wa? ordered by the Peking government to be arrested for trial on a charge of havitig instigated the railway. He is still a political refugee.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Chao Erh-sun
mm m^ ''km
General Chao Erk-sun is a descendant pf a Chinese Banner family. He was born in 1846. He becamb a provincial graduate in 1867 and a metropolitan graduate or chin shih in 1874. In the same year — 1874 — he was made a Hanlin with the degree of Pien Hsiu or Hinlin compiler of the College of Hanlins. The first official position General Chao held was that of assistant examiner for the provincial examinations of H'upei. Subsequently he was appointed a Supervising Censor of the Board of Works. In 1898 he becamie a prefect in the province of Kueichow and soon he was promoted to be a Ping Pei Tao or Taotai with power over military forces in the Kuangtung Province. In April 1895 General Chao was appointed Judicial Commissioner of Anhui Province and sometime later he was transferred to the Province of Shensi. In November 1898
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 85
General Chao was appointed Financial Commissioner of Kansu and Hsin- kiang. In 1902 he was transferred to be Financial Commissioner of Shensi province. In 1903 General Chao became Governor of Hunan. In August 1914 he was called to Peking and was given the position of acting Pres^ ident of the Board of Revenue. May 190o he was appointed Tartar general of Mukden with the concurrent post at Peking of Vice-President of the Board of War. Later he became governor of the metropolitan dis- trict and concurrently director of the imperial household affairs. In May 1907 General Chao was appointed Viceroy of Szechuanv He did not as- sume this office however, and in September of the same yeiar he was ap- pointed viceroy of Hu-Kuang Provinces with the brevet title of President of the Board of War find that of President of the Censorate. In' Match 1903 General Chao was transferred to act as Viceroy of Szechuan With the concurrent posts of Tartar General of Chengtu and the assistant di- rector-general of the Salt Adminstration. These posts he held until April 1911, wheen he was appointed Viceroy of Manchuria having und'er his control all the Tartar Generals of the three provinces. In March 1912, the First Year of the Republic, a Bill was passed in the provisional assembly in Peking placing him upon las equal footing with the Tutuhs of Kirin and Heilungkiang. He was subsequently made a full general and awarded the Second Order of Merit and First Order of Chiaho. As Tutuh of Fengtien, General Chao was given supreme control of military and diplomatic affairs in three Manchurian Provinces. He resigned from this post on November 3, 1912 and subsequently was appointed director gene- ral of the Ching History Compilation Bureau, which posiition he is still holding. General Chao was one of the "Four Friends of Sungshan" of ex-President Yuan-Shih-kai, the other three being Hsu Shih-chang, Li Ching-hsi and Chang Chien. General Chao has been president of the board of directors of the Hsiangshan '' Childrens' Home, in the Western Hills, Peking, which was founded by ex-Premier Hsiung Hsi-ling after the 1917 fall flood in the Province of Chihli.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Chao Heng-t'i
General Chao Heng-t'i was born at Hsiang-t'an Hsien, Hunan Province, in 1880. After graduation from a military school in China, he went to Japan and entered the Military Officers' Academy, taking the coursa in artillery. In November 1908 he was graduated and returned to China. Subsequently General Chao became a commanding Officer in Kuangsi Pro- vince. During the First Revolution in 1911-12, he was in Hunan and played an active part as Commander of a Revolutionary Force, as a Kuomintang member. Following the establishment of the Republic in 1912 and the election of Yuan Shih-kai to the Presidency, he went to Peking
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 87
together with several other Kuomintang Generals. Owing to his intimate ralation with Kuomintang people, he was much Buspected by Yuan Shih- kai who subsequently had him arrested and imprisoned in the Peking Marshal Court popularly known as Yuan Shih-kai's "Bastile." General Chao remained in prison until finally released through the efforts of General T'an Yen-k'ai, then Tutuh (Military Governor) of Hunan. In December 1916 he was appointed Commander of the First Division of Hunan and soon after- wards, became Commander in Chief of the Hunan Forces. In 1922 the people of Hunan declared Provincial Autonomy. A constitution was pro- mulgated containing the provision that the people were to elect their owa governoite. As a result of ;the election, General Chao was placed at the South. However he was thought to be on better terms with the former than capacity he was supposed to be neutral from the &tand])oint of North and South. However he was thought to be on better terms with the former than the latter. In October 1922 General Chao was decorated by the Secorai Order of Merit. In August 1923 Hunan Way threatened with an attack by Sun Yat-sen's men commanded by General T'an Yen-k'ai, former Military Governor of Hunan. General Chao's position has been weakened somewhat but he is still upholding the provincial constitution of Hunan.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. S. U. Zau
(Chao Hai*en)
Mr. S. U. Zau, was born at Shanghai in 1883. 'Be began hia educa- tion under private tutors since his father intended to prepare him for the literary examinations. However, in view of the growing popularity of the English language, Mr. Zau was required also to study this language. When schools were established to replase the literary examinations, Mr. Zau took the entrance examinations at the Telegraph
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA S^
Administration, the Kiangnan Naval Academy and the Peiyang Medical College and passed all with distinction. Due to the death of his brother, he was not permitted to leave home until the age of 14, when he went into business. Two years later he re-entered school, joining the Wei Tsong College, Shanghai, devoting most of his time to the study of Eng- lish, in which subject he excelled. He also taught at the same time. During the Boxer Rebellion, the Shanhaikwan Railway College was re- moved to Shanghai where it took up quarter^ at the present Nanyang College. Mr, Zau entered this College for a year and then succeeded in passing the postal examinations at Shanghai, entitling him to join the Postal Service. It was during this time that Mr. Zau became a member of the Christian church. He was appointed postmaster at Ta Tung, but he had to resign from this office in order to remain with his family in Shanghai. While in Shanghai, Mr. Zau was employed by the Christian Literature Society, and placed in charge of the Society's publication of an encyclopedia. At the same, he was interested in various business en- terprises, serving also as trustee of the Ming Jang School and the Eliza Yates Girls' School. In 1911, Mr. Zau was elected vice-chairman of the Chinese Volunteer Corps of West Shanghai and in the following year, his plan for the taxation of tobacco and wine as submitted to the Central government was accepted and made the basis for the present system. In 1914, he was appointed deputy for the raising of government loans in the Provinces of Kiangsu and Chekiang, for which work he was awarded the Chiaho decoration. He also assisted Chekiang in the solution of va- rious diplomatic problems and was appointed advisor to the Civil Gover- nors of Chekiang and Shantung. In 1918, 'Mr. Zau was retained as an advisor to the Cabinet. The same year, he was apfprointed a director of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce at Shanghai. In 1921, he be- came advisoj- to the Bureau of Taxation on Tobacco and Wine and 1922 saw Mj-. Zau serving as China's Special Delegate to the Pan Pacific Com- mercial Conference in Honolulu, for which work he was decorated with the Third Class Chiaho Medal. He is director of the Shanghai Baptist College, the South-Eastern University, the Y. M. C. A. Middle School and the Sze Peng School, the last named being organized 'and financed entirely by him- self. In addition, he is director of tho Luug-Hua Orphanage, the Chinese Y. M. C. A., the Anti-Kidnapping Society and others. He is a prominent leader oi the Baptist Church. His business occupation consists of directing the Pootung Electric Works, the Chung Hua Industrial Company, the Shanghai and Paoshan Bank and the Tung Yi Realty Company. He has six sons and four daughters.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. G. T. Chao
mmu^H m
(Chao Kuo-t'sai)
Mr. G. T. Chao was born ^t Shanghai in 1879. After an early educa- tion in private schools he attended St. John's University in 1899 and grad- uated with an A. B. degree in 1906. Between 1906 and 1907 he was English Secretary to the Taotai of Fungyang, Anhwei Province. In August 1907 he arrived in America for a liigher education as a government stiu,dent and studied Political Science at Cornell University. From 1908 to 1911 he studied at the University of Wisconsin, receiving his B. A. degree in 1910 and his A. M. in 1911. He returned to China in April 1911, and was en- gaged as a teacher at the Fu Tan College, Changsha. From 1912 to 1913 he taught at the National Institute of Shanghai. In the winter of 1913 he was appointed Vice-President of the Tsing Hua College, Peking. In that capacity he re-visited America. From October 1915 to April 1916 he was
WHO^S WHO IN CHINA 91
acting-director of the Chinese Educational Mission at Washington, D. C. Many times he acted as president of Tsing Hua College— Aug.-Nov. 1913; Aug.-Dec. 1914; March.-April 1915; Aug.-Dec. 1916; Aug.-Dec. 1917; Jan.-July 1918; March-June 1919. Mr. Chao was chief editor of Who's Who of American Returned Students, published by the Tsing Hjua College, in 1917. In November 1920 he was appointed director of the Chinese Educational Mission at Washington D. C. to succeed Dr. Philip Sze, who had returned to China on account of other appointments. In January 1922 Mr. Chao was re-called to Peking and became vice-president of the Tsing Hfua college again. This post he is still holding.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. H. T. Chao
ffi ^ H '# a ^
(Chao Te-sen)
Mr. H. Chao was born at P'ingtu Hsien, Shantung Province, in 1873. He received an engineering education in Tsingtao and started his career as a draftsman. In 1920 Mr. Chao was engaged by the Tao Ching Railway and in 1905 was transferred to the Shanghai-Nanking Rail- way as Chief Draftsman of the Woosung- Shanghai Section. In 1908 he became Chief Draftsman to the Chief Engineer of Tientsin Pukow Railway. In 1909, at the request of Governor Tuan E-ai-kuan of Shantung, he as- sisted Lao Tzu-chan in making a survey of the proposed Chefoo-Weihsien Railway of Shantung. In 1911 he became assistant engineer of the Hsu- chowfu Section of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway and in 1914 was promoted as chief of the engineering section of tbe Tientsin Pukow Railway Ad-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 93
ministration. In 1916 he was appointed a Divisional Engineer of the North- ern Section of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway and in 1917 becanva Acting Chief Engineer of the Northern Section. In September of 1920 he was given the concurrent position as chief of the engineering depiartenent of the Chefoo-Weihsien Railway. In June 1922, Mr. Chao received the Third Order of Paokuang Chiaho and ^was appointed acting director in charge of the Direction of Railways of the Ministry of Qommunicatrions. Then he was given the concurrent position a.° chairman of the Commission for the Investigation of Railway Accounts and Director of the Railway Through Traffic Bureau. He also served as Director-General of the Govern- ment Railways. In October 1922 he received -the Second Order of Tas- hou Paokuang Chiaho and in November 1022 was appointed director in charge of the department still holding the several concurrent positions. In .January 1923 he was appointed a Member of the Commission to take over the Kiaotzi Railway and later became its managing director. This position he held until July 1923 when he was appointed mlanaging direc- tor of the Pienlo Railway.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General- Chao Yuk'e
General Chao Yu-k'e was born at Tientsin in 1877. fle is a graduate of the Military Academy of Pei Yang. After his graduation he became the Drill Officer of the Bodyguards of Viceroy di Hung-chang. For some time he was also teaching in the College for Military Officers. He was instructor in cavalry in several provinces. Later he was prom.oted to be battalion commander in the 3rd IWvfsion, in charge of transportation, and other works. During that period he wrote several books on mili- tary science, strategy and cavalry drilling. In 1912, General Chao was promoted to be Commander of the Right Wing of the Metropolitan De- fence. Concurrently he acted as Chief of the Military Compilation and Translation Bureau. In 1916, when the trouble in Kweichow and Yunnan began, he was appointed chief of the general staff attached to the com-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 95
raander-in-chief for the suppression of the uprising. He commanded the troops which advanced into Szechwan, and personally went to Luchow to supervise the operation. For this service he was awarded the rank of Major General. In the midst of the advance, Pekiivg ordered the ces- sation of hostilities and General Chao returned to Chihli to resume his old office. In April 1917 General Chao was appointed Occupation Commissioner of Tientsin with the concurrent position of Commander of the Defence Force for the first area of Chihli. In July 1917 when General Chang Hsun attempted the monarchical restoration, he participated in the expeditionary forces led by General Tuan Chi-jui against the monarchists. After the res- toration of the Republic, General Chang was conferred the Fifth Order of Meijt. In the latter part of 1917 a revolt broke out in the southwest. In the Spring of 1918 General Chao was appointed Chief of Staff to the First Forces sent down by the Peking government to suppress the revolt. After a while he returned to Chihli where besides taking up his old offices he was given the concurrent position as Chief Judge of the Martial Court for Chihli. In December 1919 General Chao was appointed Chief Staff Officer to General Tsao Kun, Tuchun of Chihli. During the Anfu-Chihli War in 1920, he was Chief of Staff of the Chihli Forces engagied in the strife. In September, after the civil war, he was conferred the FJrst Class Tas- hou Chiaho and in October 1920 he was given the Fourth Order of . Merit. Subsequently he was appointed Chief Staff Officer to General Tsao Kun. High Inspecting Commissioner of Chihli. Shantung and Honan. In No- vember 1921 General Chao was mfade a Chiangchun with the special title of two words "Ching Wei." In February 1922 he received the First Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In March 1923 he was conferred the Third Order of Merit. In November 1928, General Chao resigned from the post of Occupation Commissioner to become the Director-General of the Aviation Department. He also took over the post of the Chief of the Aviation Department as a concurrent position. In the same month he was given the brevet rank of 6 Full General. M Marfch 1924 he was made a Full General. General Chao is still holding the two positions in the Aviation Department.
96
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Che Ch'ing-yun
m m m 'p m m
General Cb'e Ch'ing-yun was born at Ching Chow, Chihli, in 1881, and was a member of a well-known family. He received a thorough education in Chinese in his youth. The defeat of China suffered in the Sino-Japanese War in 1895, led General Ch'e to realize the importance of military improvement in China and then he determined to make himself a soldier. Two years later Yuan Shih-kai started to train troops at Hsiao- Chan, the birth place of the Peiyang Army, General Ch'e was enlisted in the engineering regiment where he subsequently gained the know- ledge of gunnery and surveying. His graduation fell in the year of the Boxer Rising (1900. He was detailed to report on the condition and operation of the Allied Troops. Following the signing of the Protocol, the allied Troops were all withdrawn with the exception of the Russian
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 97
forces which still occupied Port Arthur and the Chines 3 Eastern Rail- way. To report on the condition and action of the Russians, General Ch'e was sent by the government to Siberia three times as a secj-et service agent.' He travelled over the upper reach of the Amur River and visited the important cities east of Ural Mountains. Upon the out- break of the Russo-Japanese War, General Ch'e returned to China and wrote a book on the military strength of Russia for the information of his own government. For three years during the War, General Ch'e was with the Russian troops along the Yalu River and gained much experif- ence in modern warfare. After the close of the War, he entered the Military Officers Academy and remained there until graduation. He finally became Commander-in-Chief of Defence at Chingkiangpu, Kiangsu. After the establishment of the Republic, President Yuan Shih-kai appointed General Ch'e Commander of the 37th Brigade, with headquarters at Kiang pei, where he rendered service in the suppression of banditry. In the winter of 1912, General Ch'e was made a Brigadier General and appointed High Advisor to the Military Governor, of Kiangsu. In the autumn of 1913, he was appointed director of the Nanking Mint, acting concurrently as the Defence Commissioner of Wuhu. Subsequently he joined General Chang Hsun as 'Chief of Staff, but retired soion after. In the spring of 1918, General Ch'e was appointed Military Advisor to the Tuchun of Hei- lungkiang and Commander ■bf the Chinese Eastern Railway guards. In the autumn of 1919, he 'was transferred to the capital of Heilungkiang to become Chief of the Provincial Police Administration and also Chief of the Tsi- tsihar Port Police. In 1920 he was called to Peking and became a Junior Member of the Chiang Chun Fu, and Military Advisor to both the High Inspector General of Chihli, Shantung and Honan, and that of Hunan and Hupei. Inthe autumn of '1921, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Emergency Forces of Shensi and also Director- General of the Opium Sup- pression Bureau. Jn 1922, General Ch'e Was appointed Provost Marshal of the Metropolis of Peking. In January 1924 he was given the brevet rank of Full General.
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98
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Che Hin-Shing
(Ch's Hsien-Ch'eng)
Mr. Che Hin-shing was born in Hongkong in 1888, where his father was a merchant. His native district is Fang Yu Hsien, Kuangtung. At the age of 14 he entered Queen's College but left a year later to join St. Step- hen's College. In 1908 he went, to England and in 1911 he was matriculated
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 99
as a commoner at Christ College, Cambridge, where he took the law degree. He was called to the Bar by the Honorable Society of Gray's Inn in 1915, and returned to China in 1916, after having read in chambers for one year. He wa;9 a member of various societies in Bagland, having for their object the promotion of better relationship and understanding between Great Britain and China. Shortly after his return to China Mr, Che joined the Ministry of Communications and assisted in the codification of the Railway Laws. On the entry of China in the late War on the side of the Allies, he was as- signed to deal with the protests by neutral countries concerning the dis- missal of German and Austrian employees from Chinese government rail- ways and other institutions. In 1919 when the law Codification Commis- sion was re-organized Mr. Che was appointed one of the compilers by the President. He assisted in the drafting of the Codes of Civil and Criminal Procedures, the latter of which together with the "Regul-ations relating to Judicial Stamps" and "Regulations relating to Summary Criminal Procedure" he translated. In 1921 when Courts with jurisdiction over Russians in Harbin were established, Mr. Che was appointed a judge of the High Court. He was obliged, however, to leave for reasons of health owing to the se- verity of the climate. He was then re-appointed a member of the Law Codification Commission. In 1922 Mr. Che was appointed Chief Procurator for the Shanghai District, a position similar to that occupied by the Director of Public Prosecutions in England. He has always been interested in prison reform and since his appointment to the chief position of the Shanghai Procuratorate he has not spared hinxself in this branch of his work. The result of his labor in this direction is the considerable enlarge- ment of the Detention House attached to the Procuratorate by the erection of a new building, and other reforms and improvements.
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100
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Chen Tsao-chung
mM^ '# a iy
(Ch'en Chao-ch'un)
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 101
General Chen Tsao-chung, was born at Ta-cheng Hsien, Chihli. In 1886 he entered Ting Hu Army as corporal and -instructior. In 1887 he was appointed corporal of the recruits. In the following year General Chen was promoted tight guard of the third camp of the reorganized in- fantry. At the expiration of training the recruits in the following year, he was decorated with sixth-class Military Merit. By 'dint of his valor in ex- terminating bandits in the three Eastern Provinces, General Chen was recommended as candidate for a lieutenancy in 1905. In the fall of the same year he was appointed lieutenant of the first platoon of the sixth camp of the Zu-Chuang Army. In 1907 General Chen was made captain of the tenth infantry. In 1910 he was pent to study in the Military Academy of the three Eastern Provinces, from which institution he was graduated in the summer of the following year. Four months after graduation he was recommended to fill the position of major. In 1912, after suppressing bandits in Shansi General Chen was appointed major with the honorary title of Brigadier-general. In April of the same year he was promoted com- mander of the first regiment of [the infantry. In April 1913, he received a fourth-class Wen Hu Decoration. In May, he twice fought Mongolian bandits, and received th« title of lieutenant colonel. In May 1914, General Chen was appointed Commander of the 37th Tuan of the tenth regiment. On Decem- ber 14, 1915, he was specially appointed commander of the Woos mg Forts, from which position he soon fesigned. He was decorated with the third- class Wen Hu in March 1917, and also conferred the honorary title of major-general. On July 7, 1919, he received the fourth-class Chia Wu Decoration. On December 11, of the same year he was appointed lassistaavt commander of the Tan Districts, Chekiang, which position he resigned in August 1923. Since his resignation as assistant commander of the Tan Districts, he has been holding office as assistant commander of Kashing, Chekiang.
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102
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Chun Shut-kai
(Ch'«n Chao-jui)
Mr. Chun Shutkai, compradore of Messrs. Butterfield and Swire, Shanghai, and one of the leading business men of the city, was born in Heungshan, Kwangtung, in 1873. After graduating from Queen's College, Hongkong University, he came to Shanghai to engage in business, being associated with his late father, Mr. Chun Ko-liang, who was serving as compradore for Messrs. Butterfield and Swire and other firms. After the death of his father, Mr. Chun became compradore and
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 103
in a comparatively short period of service, has won for himself a host of friends among both the foreign and Chinese communities in Shanghai. Mr. Chun is a director of the Canton Guild, the Shantung Road Hospital, the Pootung Hospital and the Union Club. He is a member of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce at Shanghai and an advisor to the Ministry of Communications. For his services during the drive for funds of the International Famine Relief Committee, he was awarded in 1922 the Third Class Chiaho Medal.
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104
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Ch'en Ch'i-shou
Mr. Chen Chi-shou, was born at Haining, Chekiang, in 1869. After receiving an education under private tuition and passing several literary examinations, he was made magistrate of various cities under the Manchu dynasty, including Soochow, Kiangyin, Kingahan and Fenghsien of Kiangsu and serving also as deputy of transportation, machinery arms and tele- phone services and director of bureaus of commercial affairs, of public works, of agriculture, of education, of police and foreign aiidub During the Nanking Exposition, he was appointed chief of the Bureau of Agriculture, Works and Commerce. After the exposition, Mr. Chen promoted the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 105
Kiangsu Industrial Home, of which he became director after its establish- ment, serving also as magistrate of the Kiangnan Land and River Police and as Judge for various cities in the Soochow Circuit, in which capacity, he tried and handed down important verdicts in some of the most his- torical criminal as well as civil cases. In recognition of his work, he was made a prefect with the rank of an expectant Taotai of the Manchu Regime. In 1915 a ^recommendation was made by Civil Governor Chu Chia-pao of Chihli to make Mr. Chen mayor of a Chihli city. In 1917 he was appointed by Civil Governor Chi of Chekiang to serve under his administration. In July 1919, Mr. Chen was appointed Magistrate of the French Mixed Court, Shanghaiti Concurrently, he takes an active part in famine relief work and in recognition of this service, he has been re- commended by the Honan Governor to be promoted with distinction^ which recommendation has been accepted by the Cabinet.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Ch'en Chieh
Mr. Ch'en Chieh, a native of Dianghsiang, Hunan was born in Chekiang in 1885. He received his elementary training in a private school and in 1890 he entered the Middle School of Hangchow, Chekiang. In 1902, when the goverment was yeplacing classical Chinese learning with modern education, Mr. Ch'en was selected and sent to a preparatory school in Japan, where he was graduated. After this he spent three years in the First High School of Tokyo. Later he attended the Tokyo Imperial University. In the winter of 1907, he went to Germany and continued his study of law and political economy in Berlin Univeiisitiy, He also
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traveled extensively in European countries. Mr. Ch'en came back to China in 1911, just at the time when Republic&n institutions were supplanting the Manchu rule. Subsequently Mr. Ch'en was appointed by the govern- ment to be the director of the commercial department of the Mnnisfry of Industry and Commerce, which was later changed into the Ministiy of Agriculture and Commerce. Later he was promoted to be the director of the industry and commercial department of the same Ministry in which he served for five years. In 1916, Mr. Ch'en resigned from that Ministry to accept the post of Councillor in the Peking Cabinet. Then! the question of declaring war with Germany occasioned a crisis in Peking. Mr. Chen participated in all discussions of this iquestion as well as the taking over of German Concessions in Hankow and Tientsin. In ■ 1917 Mr. Ch'en again joined the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce /as secretary with the concurrent post of Councillor of the Mjinistry of Finance. In September 1917 he was appointed to the Commissionership of Industry of Shantuiag Province, which he declined. He was again transferred to the Cabinet as a member of the Commission on War affairs. While in Peking, Mr. Ch'en taught in the law department of the Peking National Univoi-ai'ty and the Peking Law School. He speaks English, German and Japenese with an ad- ditional knowledge of French and Latin. In ,Pebruary 1924 Mr. Ch'en was removed from his dual position ,in Hupei. In May 1924 he was appointed assistant director general of the National Conservancy Bureau, Peking which position he is still holding. In 1918 Mr. Ch'en w-as ielected a member of the New Parliament which made Hsu Shih-chang as President of China. Mr. Ch'en represented Hunan Province. In November 1919 Mr. Ch'en was con- ferred the Second Order of Paokuang Chiaho. In January 1920 the Second Order of Wenfu was conferred upon him. In December 1920 he was appointed Superintendent of Customs of Hankow. In January 1921 Mr. Ch'en was given the concurrent position of Commissioner for Foreign Af- fairs of Hupei. In November 1922 he was decorated by the First Order of Tashou Chiaho. In February 1923 his name was recorded by the Cabinet as candidate Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.
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Mr. T. L. Chen
(Ch'en Chih-Iin)
Mr. T. L. Chen was born at Hai-ch'en flsien, Fukien Province, in 1897. He became a Shiu-tsai or Licentiate in 1896. In 1902 he gra- duated from the Anglo-Chinese College, Foochow. In 1903 Mr. Chen be- came Master of the An Chee High School. In the same year he became a Chu-jen or Provincial Graduate. In 1904-1905 Mr. Chen travelled through the Straits- Settlements and Dutch Colonies. On his return he became President of the Middle School of Changchow. In 1908 Mr. Chen was elected Vice-President of the Fukien Provincial Assembly. First time from October 1912 to February 1913 and second time from December 1913 to May 1914, Mr. Chen was Financial Commissioner of Fukien. During the intervening period he was Taotai of Amoy. Then he was also Pre-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 109
sident of the Anti-Opium Bureau. In May 1914 he was called to Peking. In September 1917 Mr. Chen was nominated by the Fukien Governors as Senator of the Provisional Senate in Pekingf. He is at presenti the gieneral manager of the Fukien Industry Company, director of the Foochow Elec- tric Light Co., Foochow Motor-Car Co., and the Whapao Mining Co. He is also the manager of the Woo-Hong Bank lof Amoy, and the Chinese manager of the American-Oriental Bank of Fukien, Foochow. Besides all the above responsible positions with which he is connected, he is the chairman of the Foochow Y. M. C. A., vice-chairman pf Fooclhow Interna- tional Anti-Opium Society, and is one of the members of the National Com- mittee of Y. M. C. A's. of China.
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Dr. Ch'en Chin-t'ao
Dr. Ch'en Chin-tao was born at Nan Hai Hsien, Kuangtung Province, in 1870. He received his education and was graduated from Queen's College, Hongkong. After graduation he became instructor at Queen's College and later went north and became professor at Pei Yang University. Dr. Ch'en went to America in 1901 to pursue his higher education with government support. He studied mathematics and Social Science at Columbia University during 1901-1902. After graduating with the degree of M. S. in 1902, he entered Yale University and studied Political Economy and was graduated with the degree of Ph. D. in 1906, the subject of his doctor's thesis being "Societary Circulation." Dr. Ch'en returned to China in 1906 and was the same year made a Hanlin by the Imperial Court. He held successively the following positions in the Ching Regime: Educational In- spector at Canton; Educational Inspector at Peking; Inspector of the Ta-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA HI
Ching Government Bank; Chief of the Budget Department of the Board of Finance; Chief of the Department of Statistics of the same Board; Vice-Director of the Bureau of Printing and Engraving; Chairman of the Currency Reform Commission ; Vice-Governor of t he Ta-Ching Government Bank; Member of the Tzu Cheng Yuan; Vice-President of the Board of Finance in Yuan Shih-kai's Cabinet. Early in 1912 Dr. Ch'en was appointed Minister of Finance under the Provisional government. Later he was Chinese representative to the International Conference of Chambers of Commerce held in Boston. He was also the Commissioner sent to select a site for the Chinese Government Pavilion at the Panama-Pacific Exposi- tion, San Francisco. In September 1912 Dr. Ch'en was appointed Director of the Audit Bureau under the Cabinet. This appointment was made some- time before his return to China. In October 1913 he was appointed Financial Commissioner to Europe. For a long time Dr. Ch'en acted as Advisor to the President. On June 23, 1916, Dr. Ch'en was appointed Minister of Finance and to hold concurrently the post of Director General of the Salt Administration. On June 30 he was appointed concurrently Minister of Foreign Affairs. This latter position he held until October 1916. In May 1917 he was removed from the Finance post as a result of a plot by political opponent. He was charged with embezzling public funds and was prosecuted by the court. In February 1918 he was exonerated by special mandate of the President. In 1920 Dr. Ch'en, being recognized as one of China's best financial experts, was appointed Minister of Finance by the Canton Military government. He is the author of many stan;dard works among which are "Distribution of Wealth," "Public School in the Four Countries." He has been awarded the Second Order of Pao-Kuang Tashou Chiaho.
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General Ch'en Chiung-ming
General Ch'en Chiung-ming was born at Haifeng Hsien, Kuangtung Province, in 1875. He received a thorough education in Chinese and ob- tained while still a young man the literary degree of Chu-j'en, Provincial Graduate, through the Competitive Examination in the Ching Regime. General Ch'en attended the Government Law School of Kuangtung and w!as a member of the Provincial Council of Kuangtung representing Hai- feng Hsien when the Ching Dynasty inaugurated the first item of cons- titutional government in China in its last days. Upon the outbreak of the Revolution in October 1911, at Wuchang, General Ch'en echoed at H^ui- chow, Kuangtung, by getting hold of the Garrison trodps stationing there and declaring independence, therefore the whole Province of Kuangtung was won over by revolutionists'. Hu Han-ming was elected Tutuh and General Ch'en Chiung-ming Assistant Tutuh, of Kuangtung. In Jarijuary 1912 Dr. Sun Yat-sen was elected .president of the Provisional government
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in Nanking and Hu Han-ming left the position of Tutuh to become chief secretary to the President. Ch'en Chiung-ming became Acting Tutuh. In July 1912 Hu Han-ming returned to Canto'n and was elected Tutuh of Kuangtung, General Ch'en was entrusted with the work of reorganizing the troops and in December 1912 he was appointed by the Peking govern- ment the Hu-Chun-Shih, or Director of Military Affairs, of Kuangtung under the Tutuh. In June 1913 Hu Han-ming was appointed Pacification Commis- sioner to Tibet and General Ch'en succeeded his as Tutuh of Kuangtunig. In July 1913 General Ch'en declared independence in Kuangtung in response to the Second Revolution in defiance of Yuan Shih-kai. In Augjust 1913 General Ch'en fled from Canton when the Revolution had proved a failture and the Peking government had appointed General Lung Chi-kuang to the post of Tutuh of Kuangtung. General Ch'en stayed in the South Sea Islands for several years. General Ch'en returned to Canton in 1915 when Yuan Shih-kai had launched his monarchical movement. He participate^d in the several attempts to recover Kuomingtang's power in Kuangtung. In June 1917 the First Parliament was for the second time dissolved' in Peking. Kuangtung and Kuangsi immediately declared independence. General Ch'en accompanied Dr. Sun Yat-sen to Canton when the latter commenced his constitutional struggle against Peking. A new govern- ment in which Sun Yat-sen/Tang Shao-i and Wu Ting-fang took the lead- ing role, was formed there. The ex-Parliamentarians proceeded to Can- ton and in August 1917 the Extraordinary Parliament was inaugurated. In May 1918 a military government of seven directors. Dr. Sun Yat-sen, late Dr. Wu Ting-fang, Admiral Ling Tao-h'si. T'sen Chun-hsuan, Tang Shao-i, General Lu Yung-ting and General Tang Chi-yao-was establish at Canton. General Ch'en was given the portfolio of War. Subsequently he was ordered to lead an expeditionary force to Fukien in order to assis-fc the Fukien Constitutionalists to be independent of Peking, but he only reached Changchow, Fukien, remaining in his occupied territory until the summer of 1920. At one time most of the Southern and South- Western Provinces were !in revolt aglainst Peking, and in sympathy with Canton. Soon, however, quarrels occurred among the Southern leaders. In the spring of 1920 Sun Yat-sen and his associates were ousted from power by the Kuangsi faction under General Lu Yung-ting, and his nominee. Mo Jung-hsin, as- sumed control of Kuangtung', In summer of 1920 General Ch'en received Sun Yat-sen's order from Shanghai to send his forces to wedge an attaclc' on Kuangtung to oust the Kuangsi regime. General Ch'en arrived ^t Can- ton early in November 1920, after General Mo Jung-hsin had cleared the way for him. In December 1920 Sun Yat-sen, and his associates returned' to Canton again. In April 1921 Sun Yat-sen was elected by the Extraordin- ary Parliament the President of China. General Ch'en was appointed Civil Governor of Kuangtung and concurrently Commander-in-Chief of the Kuang- tung Troops. Subsequently General Ch'en personally led the Cantonese ex- pedition against the Kuangsi niilitarists. In August 1921, he disarmed the best equipped soldiers in Kuangsi and refused to assume any military or civil office in that province and returned to Canton, leaving the province of Kuangsi to Kuangsi people. During the winter 1921-22 a military and
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political coalition, with General Chang Tso-lin as the leader, was formed. All of the forces under Sun Yat-sen in Kuangtung and Kii.angsi, with the exception of the three Kuangtung Divisions under General Gh'en Chiung- ming, were for this movement. Dr. Sun personally led his forces to Kueilin, the capital of Kuangsi, during the winter. In February 1922 a step was made in the direction of the north. To this General Wu Pei-fu paid no attention thus Dr. Sun failed to attain his object of dividing Wu's strength and attacking him on many sides.
In the meanwhile in Canton city Genteral Ch'en Chiung-ming was obstinately withholding his support. Early in 1922, Dr. Sun seeing his positions hopeless abandoned Kuangsi and retreated into Kuangtung. His troops took up a new position at Shaochow on the North River, thence menacing the province of Ki'angsi, while Dr. Sun himiself returned to Can- ton to force General Ch'en to give him support. This led directly to a breach of relations. In April 1922 General Ch'en was removed from the posts of Civil Governor and the Commander-in-Chief. He at once took his troops to Waichow. Dr. Sun took command in Canton, attemptirig to direct an advance through Kiangsi.. In the meantime Wu Pei-fu had won the war in the north with Chang Tso-lin badly de.feated. His nor- thern units were released for the defence of Kiangisi before Dr. Sun could have made any headway in that province. Sun's power thus declined rapidly and he was eventually driven from Canton by General Ch'en's com- manders in August 1922. In September 1922 General Ch'en assumed the post of Commander-in-Chief in Canton. In February 1923 the Kuoming- tang generals became active in Kuangtung again. General Ch'en was finally overrun by them and obliged to return to his stronghold at Waichow. Canton once again went to the hands of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Since the begin- ing of the summer 1923, (the Kuangsi generals made a fresh attack upon Sun Yat-sen. General Ch'en desiring to take advantage of this opportu- nity to take revenge, sided with the Kiangsi forces by attacking Sun Yat- sen from Waichow. However the Kiangsi forces were not successful. Since July 1923 the city of Waichow has been besiged by Dr. Sun Yat-sen's forces .
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Mr. Chunjen Constant Chen
^ ^ A
(Ch'en Chun-jen)
Mr. Chunjen Constant Chen, was born November 1, 1898 and is a native of Shanghai. He received his early education in the Ming Li Middle School of Shanghai, after which he went to the United States as a privately sup- ported student. From 1914 to 1915 he studied at the University High School of the University of California and then entered the University of Cali- fornia. In 1919, he entered Cornell University and received the degree of B. S. the same year. Then he attended the University of Maryland and re&eived the degree of M. S. the following year. During his stay at Cornell he served as student assistant in the department of Crop Physiology In- vestigations, Bureau of Plant Industry, M. S. Department of Agriculture, and assistant in Entomology, Summer School of Cornell. During his stay at Maryland University, he served as research assistant in Plant Pathology of Maryland Agriculture Experiment Station from 1919 to 1920. In 1920 he was appointed a fellow in Cotton Improvement, on behalf of the Chinese
116 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Cotton Millowners' Association and was attached to the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Mr. Chen returned to China in the summer of 1921 and was appointed agricultural advisor to the Commissioner of Industry of Chihli Province. In 1922, he was appointed Cotton Specialist in the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. He is now 'professor of Biology and Agri- culture in Tsing Hua College and lecturer in Agriculture in Yenching University in charge of Plant Breeding Experimenjt Station at Hai Tien, Peking member and field representative of thu World Agriculture Society and collaborator of the Botanical Abstracts, U. S. A. He is a contributor to a number of technical publications in America such as Science, the Phytopathology and the Technical Bulletin of the Maryland Agriculture Experiment Station.
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117
Dr. Ch'en Huan-chang
m^ ^^ mm
Dr. Ch'en Huan-chang, was born on Inkslab Island, Kwangtung, in 1881. Dr. Chen is a pupil of Kang Yu-wei, China's modern sage. Be- tween 1899 and 1900 Dr. Chen was editor of a Chinese paper called the Chinese Reformer. In 1902 he was engaged by the Shih-ming High School as a professor of Chinese literature. A year later he was promoted to principal of the school. In 1905 Dr. Chen passed the metropolitan lite- rary examinations in Peking and became a metropolitan graduate (Ph. D.). Soon afterwards, having received a government scholarship, he went to America to secure a modern education. Dr. Chen entered Columbia Uni- versity, New York, and he was given a Ph. D. in 1911, his subject of Doctor's Dissertation was the "Economic Principles of Confucius and His School." Dr. Chen returned to China in January of the same year and
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founded the National Confucian Association, He was elected President of the Association in 1913. In 1913 Dr. Ch'en was made a Legal Advisor to the President. At the same time he became editor of the Confucian As- sociation Monthly. That year he tried every possible means to induce the Parliament to pass a bill proposing that Confucianism be made the State Religion of China. His efforts failed as a Result of the opposition of the Christian and Mohammedan members of the Parliament. Dr. Ch'en was also a member of the Tuchun's or the New Parliament which was assembled in Peking in August 1918. In January 1920 Dr. Ch'en was conferred the Third Order of Wenfu. After the dissolution of the Second Parliament fol- lowing the Chihli-Anfu War in July 1920, Dr. Ch'en became divisor to both the President and the Premier which positions he is still holding. In Jan- uary 1923 Dr. Ch'en was conferred the Second Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and in March the Second Order of Wenfu.
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119
General Ch'en Kuang-yuan
General Ch'en Kuang-yuan was born at Wuchinghsien, Chihli in 1S78. He received military education from the Peiyang Military Academy and served in the Peiyang Army through different ranks. In 1912, the first year of the Republic General Ch'en Kuang-yuan was given the rank of Bri- gadier-General. In July 1913, he was appointed Occupation Commissioner of Chihfeng, Jehol Special District, which position he held until May 1914 when it was abolished. The troops that were then in his command were the 12th Division. He was ordered to move his soldiers to Ksiyuan or the western suburb of Peking for the protection' of Peking*. In May, 1917. when General Tuan Chi-jui, Prime Minister, was dismissed by a mandate in consequence of his decision to force the Parliament to pass a bill on China's declaration of war against Germany, and all military governors of the dif-
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ferent provinces assembled at Peking and schemed to overthrow the ad- ministration of President Li Yuan-hung, General Chen Kuang-yuan was appointed Assistant Commander-in-chief of the Metropolitan Precautionary Force by General Wang Shih-cheng, then Prime Minister, who wias Com- mander-in-Chief of the Force-, General Chen assisted General Tuan Chi-jui in the movement to overthrow Chang ILsun's monarchical movement and restore the Republic in July 1917. His troops on this occasion rendered no small service. They fought General Chang iTsun's soldiers by way of Hsichihmen and successfully drove them into their head quarters and finally cornered them. On July 27th 1917 General Chen was appointed Tutung of Charhar Special District. However, a mandate issued on August 6, 1917 transferred him to the post of Tuchun of Kiangsi. In October 1920 General Gh'en was made a Full General. In June 1922 General Ch'en was relieved of the post of Kiangsi Tuchun and commiander of the 12th Division.
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121
Mr. ChantLim Chung
(Chen Lien-chung)
Chan Lim Chung, of Namhoi, Kwangtung, born in 1889, is president of the General Chamber of Commerce of Kwangtung and treasurer of the Canton Merchants Volunteer Corps, an organized army of civilians with miltary training and equipment prepared for local defence. Mr. Chan is right hand man of the well-known Cantonese merchant, Chan Lim Pak, his elder brother. Chen Lim Chung is a director in many noted local firms and associated with his brother in the compradore office of the Hong- kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation of Shameen, Canton. Like his brother, Lim Pak, Mr. Chan follows pretty closely in the way of giving support to activities for the welfare of the public. The property of the Canton Merchants Volunteer Corps, including lands, building, arms and
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ammunitions belonging to the general headquarters of the organization, worth nearly a million dollars, is under his direct attention. The fact that the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce at Canton has been able to function at all during the disturbed political situation at Canton has been due largely to his enterprise and executive ability.
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Mr* Chan Lim Pak
(Ch'en Lien-pai)
Mr. Chan Lim Pak was born in Namhoi, Kwangtung, in 1884, He was president of the General Chamber of Commerce in Canton 1920-1922 and is at present Commander-in-Chief of the Merchants Volunteers of the Province of Kwangtung and Colonel- in-Chief commanding the ten regi- ments in Canton City proper. The Canton Corps consists of 7,000 well- trained and equipped men in active service with 6,000 recruits awaiting assignments pending the completion of their six-months course of instruc- tion in military science and tactics being given by regular army officers. Mr. Chan is a major-general (brevet) in the ranks of the Chinese Army, an honor accorded him by Peking several years ago in consideration of his service in the promotion and development of the best armed corps of civilians for local defense purposes without any financial support from
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the government local or central except good-will and recognition. Mr. Chan gives liberally toward all forms of useful charity and education, be- ing a director in many schools and hospitals, besides financing a primary school in his home town. He was many years president of the Canton Chinese Silk Association and is the president of the Canton Mining and the Kwangtung Export Associations. In business Mr. Chan is Chinese agent of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation in Shameen, Canton, and general manager of the Tee Lee Ming Company, chief director of Chung Kwock Po Lee S. S. Company and of Cheong Wah Insurance Company; president of liopack Company of Canton and Hongkong; prop- rietor of Cheong Chen Silk Firm, and one of the directors of the Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Company, Chen Kwong Company, Chu Kong Motor Boat Company, and other leading Chinese firms of Hongkong and Canton. He owns the fastest motor-boats in Canton and his house in the western sub- urb of Canton is the finest in this city. Mr. Chan has refused many offers for political office, and he has served only as trade commissioner to the Panama-Pacific Exposition in San Francisco, an honorary position awarded him in recognition of his sarvice to commerce and finance in South China. In February 1921 Mr. Chang was decorated by the Peking government witih the Second Order of Paokuang Chiaho. In May 1923 he received the Second Order of Tashau Chiaho.
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Mr. Tcheng-loh.
m m ^ ih ^
(Chen Lu)
Mr. Tcheng-loh was born at Min Hsien, Fukien Province, in 1878. Ee is a student of Chinese classics, history and philosophy. He became a Licentiate (B. A.) through competitive examination. In 1893 he enter- ed the Arsenal School at Foochow, and studied science and French un'der the guidance of M. Medard. In 1896 he left this school to join Chekiang College, in Wuchang, and four years later was made a teachesr. In 1903 Mr. Tcheng was sent to Paris by Viceroy Chang Chih-tung, He joined the faculty of Law in the Paris University where he graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Law. In 1906 Mr. Tcheng was attached to a special mission to European countries to study their constitutions. Tai Hung-che, Minister of Rites, and Viceroy Tuan Fang were chiefs of the mission. On this oc-
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casion Tcheng-loh visited England, Germany, America, Italy, Belgium and Switzerland. He compiled the voluminous reports of the result of the trip for the Court. In 1907 Mr. Tcheng passed with success the law examina- tions. In the same year the Imperial Manchu government detailed him to accompany H. E. Lu Cheng-hsiang, then Chinese delegate to the Hague conference, to Europe. He received the rank of Secretary of Embassy of the 2nd Class. In 1908, on being recalled to China, Mr. Tchen^g was {ap- pointed Councillor in the Foreign Office, with the concurrent position of co- director of the Ch'u Tsai Kuan (a special school for higii officials- who desired to study constitutional, judicial, political and administrative topics). At the same time he was Chief of the Department for drawing up a cons- titution for China. He was duly given the degree of Ph. D., later he presented himself for the Imperial Examinations and was made Han-lin and appointed Compiler of |theJIan-Lin-yuan. In 1909 Mr. Tcheng was promoted to be Chief Secretary of the Waichiapu (Board of Foreign Affairs) a year later he became Director of Political Affairs, which office he retained dur- ing the revolution of 1911. In 1914 he was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Republic of Mexico. In August of the same year he was sent to attend the Sino-Russian-Mong'olian conference at Kiakta in the capacity of Chinese Plenipotentiary. In 1915 President Yuan Shih-kai appointed Tcheng-loh Resident-General at Urga. In 1916 Mr. Tcheng was ordered by Mandate to carry out the investiture of the Ltvin,g Buddha, the spiritual and temporal chief of Mongolia. In 1917, worn out by the bad climate of Urga, Mr. Tcheng was granted sick leave and returned to Peking. After having helped the organization of the High Diplomatic Commission during the European war, he returned to Foochow. In April 1918 Mr. Tcheng was recalled to Peking and in May 4, 1918 appointed the vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs. He was in charge of the ministry from November 1918 to September 1920. In January 1920 Mr, Tcheng was con- ferred the first order of Wenfu. In September 1920 he was appointed Minister to France which position he is still holding. In October 1922 Mr. Tcheng was awarded the Fifth Order of Merit. In July 1923 he was appointed Chinese delegate to the League of Nations. Mr. Tcheng is the author of Historical Works on Mongolia and Types of French Documents.
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137
Mr* M. K. Chen
(Ch'en Mou-chieh)
Mr. M. K. Chen was born at Minuhsien, Fukien Province, in 1887. Being a member of an educated family he was >given thorough education in his youth. He went to the United States of America in 1903 for higher education. Soon after his arrival, he joined the Cook Academy, where he graduated in 1909. Dr. Wu Ting-fang, then Chinese Minister to America granted to him a government scholarship in recognition of his good re- cord. In 1909 Mr. Chen joined Cornell University where he specialized in civil engineering. During his attendance at that university he wrote a thesis on "Hydraulic Surges in Stand Pipes." In 1911 he was chosen as captain of a survey party. One year later he graduatad from Cornell After his graduation he returned to China, and was appointed Technical
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Expert of the Bureau of the Construction of the Commercial Mart at Pu- kow. At the same time he was a teacher at the College for Naval Officers at Nanking. In 1914 he became assistant engineer of the Nanking-Chang- sha Railway. In 1915 he headed the survey party for the Keemen-Tenchi section. In 1917 be was appointed senior lassistant engineer of the Chu- chow-Chow Railway, and while in its service, was chief of party. In 1918 he was appointed Directorate-General of Flood Relief and Conservancy. Three months later he became assistant engineer-in-charge of survey under the Chihli River Commission with its headquarters at Tientsn. In May 1920 he resignned this position in order to accept the appointment of engieer-in- chief to the directorate -general for the construction of the Hulutao port.
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129
Mr. S. K. Chen
Ht tit 3fc ^ g m
(Ch'en Shih-kuang)
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Mr, S. K. Chen was born of Cantonese parents. He has been in the Chinese government service since 1901, serving first as student interpre- ter and a few years later the Chief Secretary of the Bureau for Foreign Affairs, Shanghai. In the latter capacity, he has served under more than fifteen commissioners. Mr. Chen is at present holding besides the post of Chief Secretary of the Bureau for Foreign Affairs, the following concurrent positions: Advisor on Foreign Affairs to the Military and the Civil Governor of Chekiang ; Secretary for Foreign Affairs to the Commander- in-Chief of the Chinese Navy; English Secretary to the Occupation Com- missioner of Shanghai and Sungkiang; Advisor to the Tariff Revision Commission. Mr. Chen was conferred the Third Order of Chiaho in June 1919; the Second Order of Chiaho in July 1921; the Fourth Order of Paokuang Chiaho in September 1922 ; and the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho in March 1923. He has also been conferred the Third Order of Wenfu. Mr. Chen is the wearer of the following decorations and medals: Chevalier of the Legion d'Honneur, France; Officer de I'Instruction Public, Franca; Officer de I'Etoile Noire, France; Cavaliere Knight of the Crown of Italy; Order of the Double Rising Sun; Official da Ordem Militar de Cristo, Port- ugal; Brunswick Order of Henry the Lion, Germany; L'Order des Millioiiis d'Elephants et du Parasol Blanc, Reyaume de Luang-Prabang. In September 1924, following the resignation of Mr. Hsu Yuan, Commissioner of Foreign Affairs and Superintendent of native Customs of Shanghai, Mr. S. K. Chen was appointed to these positions.
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131
Mr. Ch'en Shih-li
Mr. Ch'en Shih-li was born at He-chiang Hsien, Szechuan province, in 1875. He was a law graduate and began his official career in 1896 as a member of the Ping Pu, then the Board of War. In 1899 Mr. Ch'en was given the rank of Expectant Secretary of the Ping Pu and in 1900 he was given on the recommendation of the Viceroy of Szechuan the rank of Taotai and was subsequently sent to Kuangtung for appointment. In 1901, at the recommendation of the Viceroy of Chihli, Mr. Ch'en was appointed by a special Imperial Decree a Court Director of the Fourth Order. In 1903 he was given an appointment on the Board of Commerce. In 1905 he became Director of the East Police Bureau of the Outer City of Peking. In 1906 he was appointed Councillor-in-Chief to the Outer City Police Administration. In February 1907 Mr. Ch'en was appointed Chief Secretary of the same administration. Five months later he became
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Chief of the Oouter City Police. In 1908 he was made a member of the Councillors' Bureau in the Ming Chen Pu, then the Board of the Interior and concurrently the directorship of the Metropolian Secret Service. In July 1909 Mr. Ch'en was ordered to wait for appointment as Military Deputy-Lieutenant-Governor. In May 1912, the First Year of the Republic, Mr. Ch'en was appointed Chief of the Police Department in the Ministry of the Interior. In May 1913 he received the additional post of legal councillor to the President. About the same time he was given the Fourth Order of Chiaho. In Octaber 1915 Mr. Chen was appointed to another concurrent position as Chief of the Local Police Training Institution. In Septem'ber 1916 he was ordered to act as Chief pf the Department of Rites and Ceremonies. In January 1917 he became chief of the Depart- ment of Civil Engineering in the Ministry of the Interior. In February he was awarded the Third Order of Chiaho. In August he was ordered to hold concurrently the post of the proctor of the Directorate of tht Metropolitan Municipal Administration. In December he received the Fourth Order of Paokuang Chiaho. In January 1918 Mr. Ch'en was ap- pointed resident director of the Municipal Administration, still holding other posts in the Ministry of the Interior. In March he was honored with the Second Order of Chiaho and in December, the Third of Wenfu. In February 1919 Mr. Ch'en was appointed a councillor of the Alien Property Administration Bureau. In May he received the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho. In March 1920 Mr. Ch'en was decorated with the Second Order of Wenfu. In July he was given another position in the Councillors' Hall of the Ministry of Communications. In the same month he was ap- pointed Advisor to the Municipal Administration. In October he assumed the post of chief in charge of the Works Department in the Famine Re- lief Administration. A month later a Commission was called in the Min- istry of the Interior for the study of famine relief measiures and Mr. Ch'en was made one of its members. In December he was appointed Co- Director of the Famine Relief Bond Bureau. In February 1921 Mr. Ch'en was conferred the Second Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In December he was invited by the Civil Governor of Anhui to be his High Advisor. In February 1922 Mr. Ch'en was appointed executive member of the Yang- tze River Commission and in March became chairman of the Yangtze Technical Committee under that Commission. In November 1922, Mr. Ch'en was removed from the posts that he had been hitherto holding in the Ministry of the Interior, which he had continuously served since 1907. In April 1923 Mr. Ch'en was reinstated in the Ministry of the Interior and given the former post of Chief of the Department of Civil Engineer- ing. This post he is still holding.
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133
General Chen Shu-fan
General Ch'en Shu-fan was born at An-kang Hsien Shensi province, and is a graduate of the Paotingfu Military Academy. He played an im- portant part in the First Revolution commanding the people's army at Hotung, Shansi, against the royal soldiers and therefore, subsequent to the eetablishment of the Republic in 1912, he was appointed Commander of the First Mixed Brigade in the province of Shensi. From 1912-14 the notorious bandit chief, "The White Wolf," created much disturbance in Honan, Shansi and Shensi in open defiance of the provincial authorities. General Ch'en maintained order and peace in the province of Shensi to
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the best of his ability and his efforts finally drove the White Wolf out of Shensi. In May 1915 General Ch'en was appointed Defence Commissioner of Southern Shensi and in January 1916 he was transferred to Northern Shensi. In December 1915 occurred the Yunnan Uprising against Yuan Shih-kai's monarchical attempt. Upon reaching Northern Shensi, General Ch'en gathered together all the revolutionary members and declared in- dependence at San Yuan, at the north of Northern Shensi. General Lu Chien-chang then Military Governor of Shensi, was driven away and Gen- eral Ch'en was made Commander of the Shensi Republican Army. Fol- lowing the death of Yuan Shih-kai in June 1916, Li Yuan-hung became president and in July he appointed General Ch'en Tuchun of Shensi. In July 1917 he was ordered t o act concurrently as Civil Governor of Shensi. These positions he held until May 1921 when he was relieved and sub- sequently created a Chiang Chun of the Chiang Chun Fu with the special title of two words "Hsiang Wei." He has since been living in retirement at Tientsin.
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Dr. S. P. Chen
(Chen Szu'pang)
Dr. S. P. Chen, obtained his preliminary education in the Federated Malay States. His professional education commenced at Caius College, Cambridge, where he also distinguished himself by being appointed one of the assistant demonstrators in anatomy in the University Laboratory early in his third year. Here he passed his natural science tripos with honors. • He underwent his hospital training at St. Thomas's Hospital, London, and on completion he took the medical and surgical degrees of his old University. He then served a year as Senior Resident Surgeon at the Western General Dispensary in London, thus acquiring a consider- able amount of practical experience. While acting as Chief Medical
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Officer in Harbin, Dr. Chen received an invitation from the Ministry of the Interior to the Government Isolation Hospital, the first of its kind in the country. A large number of infectious cases have been cared for, since its organization which would have otherwise been at large and been the means of spreading infection, perhaps with fatal results, to many more. During the floods in the autumn of 1917, and when the danger of epidem- ic outbreaks was threatening on account of the presence of large num- bers of refugees in Tientsin, H. E. Hsiung Hsi-ling, Director-General of Flood Relief, appointed Dr. Chen to be his Chief Medical Officer of Health. As a result of Dr. Chen's preventive measures no outbreak of epidemic dis- ease occurred. In the outbreak of pneumonic plague in Shansi in 1918, Dr. Chen was one of the three commissioners appointed by the govern- ment to cope with the situation. In June 1919 Dr. Chen was appointed Principal Medical Expert of the Ministry of the interior still holding the position of director of the Peking Government Isolation Hospital. In October 1921, Dr. Chen was conferred the Second Order of Chiaho, in December 1921, the Second Order of Tacho Chiaho; and in June 1922, the 4th Order of Wenfu.
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Dr. Chen Ta (Chen Ta)
Dr. Chen Ta is a native of Yuhang, Hangchow, China. He studied Chinese at home under private tutorship, then went to the primary school of his district, and after graduation went to the Middle School at Hang- chow. In 1911, he was admitted to Tsing Hua College, Peking. Five years later, he was sent to the United States for higher education. He received his A. B. degree from Reed College, Portland, Oregon, in 1919, his A, M. degree from Columbia University in 1920, and his Ph. D. degree from
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Columbia University in 1923. In the year 1919-20, Dr. Chen was editor of the Chinese Students Quarterly, which is published by the Chinese Students Alliance in the United States. During the academfic year 1920- 21, he was University Fellow in Social Science at Columbia University. He was asociated with the Chinese Delegation to the Disarmament Con- ference, held at Washington, D. C, November 11, 1921 to February 14, 1922. He is author of Chinese Migrations, with special reference ■ to labor conditions, bulletin No. 340 of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. Since 1923, he has been instructor at Tsing Hua College, and concurrently editor of the Tsing Hua Journal, a quarterly magazine published in the Chinese language.
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Dr. Chen Ding-sai
(Ch'en T'ing-jui)
Dr. D. S. Chen, was born at Soochow, Kiangsu Province, in 1889. During his youth, he studied Chinese language and classics at home under guidance and direction of his father Yin S. Ohen, a renowned scholar. In 1904 Dr. Chen entered Soochow University at Soochow where he devoted much of his time and energy to the study and mast-ering of the English language. Following the completion of the sophomore class in that institu- tion in 1909 he came to Shanghai and engaged in literary pursuits. He served as a compiler in the Chung Hwa Book Company for several years then acted as co- editor for the well-known Chinese miagazine Ta Chung
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Hwa, edited by the noted statesman and scholar, Liang Chi-chao. At the same time his proficiency both in English and in Chinese enabled him to translate scores of books which have been widely read and the translations of which have won him much popularity. In 1917, Dr. Chen became greatly interested in law and pursued his advanced education in the Comparative Law School of China, Law Department of Soochow University, where hei made a painstaking study of the legal institutions of Western countries for three years. Upon the . satisfactory completion of his course in 1920 he was given the degree of L.L.B. Following that summer. Dr. Chen went to America as a self-supporting student and there he took a post-graduate course in the University of Michigan. In 1921, he received a Doctorate of Jurisprudence and the next year was recipient of a Master of Arts degree in Political Science, his thesis being "The Principles of State Suc- cession as Revealed by the Versailles Treaty," which was very favorably commended by both the literary and judicial circles. On account of his high legal attainments. Dr. Chen was recommended by the faculty of the University of Michigan as a University Felldw of that institution of learn- ing and was awarded a prize amounting to S500 Gold — a distinction very seldom earned by any foreign student. During his academic years in the United States. Dr. Chen was noted for various activities. He was elected President of the Chinese Students' Association in the University of Michig- an; and at the tinie of Washington Conference, he was appointed special correspondent in America by the Sin Wen Pao, one of the largest Chinese newspapers in Shanghai.. His view as set down in the newspapers were far-sighted and penetrating, and did much to arouse Chinese interest in the things transacted in the conference. In the fall of 1922, Dr. Chen returned to China. His immediate arrival was accompanied by a request to accept the professorship of public law in the Comparative Law School, his Alma Mater, which position he is still holding. Besides practising law in Shanghai, Dr. Chen is also connected with the Shun Pao, serving in the capacity of a special editor. From time to time, he has written articles dealing with present day problems which are widely read and often-times reprinted by various Chinese newspapers throughout the country. Dr. Chen was one of four delegates who went to Peking during 1924 for the rendi- tion of the Shanghai Mixed Court.
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141
Admiral Chen Tso-heng
Admiral Chen Tso-cheng was born in Chihli province in 1865. At the age of 16, he entered Tientsin Naval College, from which he was graduated with honors in 1884. H-e was then sent by the government to pursue higher naval studies in England, where he specialized in gunnery at Green- wich. In 188S, he served abroad on a British man-of-war in the Mediterran- ean. On returning to China, he was appointed a teacher on various training ships in the Chinese navy, and also held important posts in alm^ost all of
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the Chinese Naval Colleges. Admiral Chen has been spesially proficient in mathematics, having invented the angle trisector, which is used in the solu- tion of cubic equations. He has taught mathematics in the Normal school, the High Normal and the Technical College, Peking. For distingui- shed work in the navy, the Chinese government made him a captain in 1914 and a Rear-Adm'iral in 1924. Admiral Chen is at present Director of the Shanghai College, Chiaotung Ta Hsu University.
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Dr. Wei Ping Chen
(Ch'en Wei-ping)
Dr. Wei Ping Chen was born in Peking in 1876. Ha received his education fron? the Peking Methodist University where he entered in 1887 and graduated in 1895 with the degree of B. A. After graduation he im- mediately went into the Ministry and remained in it for 14 years, serving first in a hsieu (district) city, Yanching (North Chihli), Tientsin and Pek- ing for three, four and seven years respectively. In June 1910 Dr. Chen went to America to receive higher education with private support. He im-
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mediately entered the Ohio Wesleyan University taking the course in Li- beral Arts. There he graduated in 1911 with the degree of M. A. Be- tween 1911 and 1913 he studied in the University of Michigan. In 1913 he entered the Boston University where he graduated in 1915 with the degree of Ph. D. the subject of his Director's dissertation being "develop- ment of the Customs House under the Ching Dynasty." Dr. Chen re- turned to China in January 1916. Shortly afterwards he was elected to be the editor of the Chinese Christian Advocate. In 1920 he was chosen as one of the delegates representing the Chinese Christians of the Metho- dist Church to the General Conference of that denomination held in Des Monies. Iowa, in May that year. In the winter of 1920 he was elected secretary of the department of Evangelism of the Centenary Movement of the Methodist Episcopal Mission, and during this time Dr. Chen has devoted his time to evangelistic work, visiting important centers of the Methodist Mission.
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Mr. Eugene Chen
(Chen Yu-jen)
Mr. Eugene Chen is a Cantonese who was born abroad. He is British- educated and has had a legal training. In 1912 he acted as legal adviser to the Ministry of Communications, Peking, during the premiership of Tang Shao-yi, who formed the first Cabinet under the Republican regime in China. Besides other dailies, he owned and edited the Peking Gazette. His first notable work in the cause of renascent China was done on that paper. Mr. Chen has suffered imprisonment in the cause of liberty. In May 1917, the powerful pro-Japanese section of the then Peking admin- istration caused him to be arrested, shortly after midnight, for an article which had appeared in the Peking Gazette, disclosing and denouncing cer- tain sinister negotiations which later developed into the China-Japan Milit- ary Pact of 1918. After a term of incarceration in two Peking jails, which somewhat impaired his health, Mr. Chen was liberated in pursuance of a Presidential mandate ordering his release. He left Peking soon after for Shanghai, where he was in close touch with Dr. Sun Yat-sen ;and other Southern leaders during the eventful months which followed the second forcible dissolution of Parliament in 1917. When the Military government at Canton decided to despatch a diplomatic mission to the United States in the summer of 1918, Mr. Chen was selected as a member.
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his colleagues being Quo Tai-chi and C. T. Wang. Mr. Chen was sent as a technical delegate in the Southern section of the Chinese deleg^ation to the Peace Conference at Paris in 1919. He prepared some of the principal documents of the delegation, including an important memorandum which set forth China's case for the abrogation of the treaties and not3S connected with Japan's Twenty-One Demands. The late Dr. George E. Morrison, who was attached to jthe delegation as a political advisDr, declared that this memorandum was the ablest state paper which the Chinese delegation had submitteed for the consideration of the Peace Conference. After the Peace Conference, Mr. Chen went to London and visited various centers of con- tinental Europe, investigating' post-war conditions and studying, on the spot, the political and economic problems arising out of the vast litter and profound changes caused by the war. After an absence of nearly three years in America and Europe, Mr. Chen returned to China in the summer 1920. On his arrival at Canton, President Sun Yat-sen immediat3ly appointed him to an important office. Late in 1924 when Dr. Sun Yat-sen gave up his post at Canton, he was accompanied by Mr. Chen.
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Mr. Chi-Pao Cheng
m ^- ii^m ^
(Ch'eng Ch'i-pao)
Mr. Chi-Pao Cheng was born in Nanchan;^ in 1897. He entered Tsing Hua College at the age of 15. While there, he was one of the leading students and was once editor-in-chief of the Tsing Hua Journal, a monthly published alternately in English and Chinese. Mr. Cheng was sent to America by this College in the summer of 1918 and first entered Hamlin University as a senior student. Half a year later he was appointed a member of the War Work Council and was sent to France with the Y. M. C. A. as a secretary. Mr. Cheng rendered valuable service to the associa- tion and also to the Chinese Labor Battalion under the French Army. He travelled extensively throughout Europe and contributed to several Paris papers. Mr. Cheng returned to Hamlin in April 1920 land received his B. A. degree in the same summer. Hte then entered the University of Wis- consin and the University of Chicago and took his M. A. degtee from the latter institution. He then enrolled as a graduate student in Teachers'
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College, Columbia University, where he will receive his Ph. D, degree upon the publication of his thesis. In July 1923, he was made a member of China's delegation to the world Conference on Education in San Francisco. His work there was well received. Upon his return to China, in September 1923, Mr. Cheng was appointed the executive secretary of the National Southeastern University — an important position in the institution. At the same time, he is exerting large influence upon Chinese education through his work, lectures and writings.
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General CK'eng K'e
g ^ ^ # ife
General Ch'eng K'e was born in Kaifeng, Honan Province, in 1878. He first studied law during the Manchu Regime and then went to Japan and attended the Imperial University where he graduated from the law department. Upon his return from Japan General Ch'eng organized a re- volutionary organ in Tientsin with the object of overthrowing the Manchu regime. He was arrested by the authorities but through the good offices of the late Chao Ping-chun, former Chihli Governor and Prime Minister, he was liberated and subsequently given official appointment. After the estab- lishment of the Republic in 1912, General Ch'eng became a Councillor of the Ministry of the Interior, a Deputy of the Bureau for Parliamentary Affairs and Legal Councillor to President Yuan Shih-kai. In 1913 he was elected a senator representing Tibet. In June 1914 he was appointed
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Taoyin of Hanchung Circuit, Shensi, and while there worked against the cultivation of opium. Subsequently he was transferred to the position of High Commissioner for Altai in December 1915. During! his residence in Altai he looked after both foreign and Chinese affairs with satisfaction to all concerned. He remained there for fiive years and in 1920 retired. In December 1919 General Ch'eng was awarded the Second-class Paokuang Chiaho. In 1922 General Ch'eng assisted General Feng Yu-hsiang in Honan in the management of military affairs. In January 1923 General Ch'eng was appointed acting Minister of Justice and in January 1924 he was made " a Lieutenant General and transferred from the post of Acting Minister of Justice to that of Minister of the Interior in the Sun P^o-chi cabinet. This position he is still holding at this date.
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Dr. F. T. Cheng
(Ch'cng T'ien hsH
Dr. F. T. Cheng was born at Hsiangshan Hsien, Kwangtung Province, in 1884. He received his early education in Hongkong. In 1907 he went to Londoii for higher education and in 1909 joined the University of Lon- don and graduated with honors in law in 1912. In 1913 he was called to the Bar, after which he did some research work and obtained a Doctorate of Laws of the University of London, being the first Chinese to obtain that honor. In 1916 he won the Quain Prize of the University of London in a public essay competition in international law. In the same year he
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was elected an honorary member of the Grotius Society of London, a rare distinction for a Chinese. While reading in London he wrote a book on "Rules of Private International Law Determining Capacity to Con- tract," which was described by the International Law Notes of London as "a learned and most clear-headed piece of work;." He returned to China in 1917 and was admitted to the Hongkong Bar, He went to Pek- ing towards the end of 1917. At first was attached to the Ministry of Justice and in 1918 was appointed Chief Compiler of the Law Codification Commission. In 1919 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court. In January 1920 Dr. Ch'eng was decorated by the Fourth Order of Chi- aho and in the same month appointed Standing Examiner of the Final Examination for Judicial Officials. In September 1920 Dr. Cheng was transferred back to the Law Codification Commission. Since his arrival in Peking he has translated a number of works of Chinese legal literature into English, among which may be mentioned the "Supreme Court deci- sions" "High Prize Court Judgments," "Draft Code of Criminal Procedure," and "Supreme Court Regulations." He has brought out an English version to the draft civil code. Dr. Cheng was elected a member of the Interna- tional Law Association of London. In September 1921 Dr. Ch'eng was appointed Legal Expert to the Chinese Delegation to the Pacific Conference. In June 1922 he was again appointed Chief Compiler of the Law Codifica- tion Commission which position he resigned in November 192-3.
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Dr. Ch'eng Ching-i
1^ If fi& ^ a -
Dr. Ch'eng Ching-i was born of Manchu parents. Like his father, who for twenty-five years was a Minister of the Gospel in connection with the London Missionary Society Church in Peking until his death, Cheng Ching-yi has been a member of their branch of the Church from childhood. Receiving his education under Christian influence he decided voluntarily to devote the rest of his life to the propagation of the Fu-yin (Blessed News). He served as Church Secretary in the London Missionary Society, Peking, from 1900 to 1903. Dr. Ch'eng was appointed assistant revisor of the Chinese text of the New Testament and served in this capacity for three years. From 1908 to 1913 Dr. Ch'eng was pastor of the three self-supporting churches of the London Missionary Society and in 1910 was representative of the Chinese Churches of the London Missionary Soc- iety to the World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh. From 1910 to 1913 Dr. Ch'eng was the only Chinese member of the Edinburgh Continuation
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Committee. In 1913 he was appointed Chinese general secretary of the China Continuation Committee. This position he is still holding. In 1916 one of the Canadian universities conferred upon Dr. Ch'eng the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. He is the only Chinese to hold this degree from a British University j Dr. Ch'eng was one of the prime movers in the organization of the China-for-Christ Movement in 1919 and was later elected the general secretary. Dr. Ch'eng was un- animously elected the First Chairman of the National Christian Confer- ence, the initial meetings of which were held in the Shanghai Town Hall from May 2 to 11, 1922. Dr. Ch'eng left China in August 1922 for America and Canada on a two year's furlough. He is at present taking special courses of study in the leading universities, after which he will go probably to Europe to study conditions there. In 1918 Dr. Ch'eng was appointad chairman of the Chinese Home Missionary Society, Shang- hai an organization composed entirely of Chinese that has been doing the work of sending Chinese missionaries to inland China such as the remote part of Yunnan, Szechuan, Kueichow, etc.
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Mr. T. T. Cheng
fe ^ *r
(Ch'eng T'ien-tou)
Mr. T. T. Cheng was born at Hsiangshan Kwangtung, in 1891. He went to Honolulu when he was a young boy, and attended Mills Institute, Oahu College, and other institutions of learning, leaving there for Am- erica in 1906, attending first the Stanford and then the Chicago Universi- ty, receiving the degree of Ph. B. from the latter. Mr. Cheng was ap- pointed soon after the Revolution, Coinmissioner of Public Works in Canton. During his term of office, he proposed the demolition of the ancient city wall, the widening of the streets of Canton, the improvement of the Tai- sba-tao, dredging of the Whanspoa to admit larger steamers, and general conservancy work. Since his retirement from politics in 1915 Mr.
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Cheng, has been working on industrial lines, two years ago in the organization at Hongkong of the Industrial and Commercial Bank with offices at No. 6 Des Vouex Road. Up to summer 1923 Mr. Cheng was manager of the Provincial Bank of Kwangtung and Commissioner of Finance of the same Province under Dr. Sun Yat-sen.
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General Ch'i Hsieh-yuan
General Ch'i Hsieh-yuan was born at Ning-ho Hsien, Chihli Province, in 1879. He received his Chinese education from regular Confucian schooh and was a Licentiate (B. A.). Afterwards he enrolled in the Pei- yang Military Academy and graduated with honors in 1906 from the Artillery Department of that institution. Later he enrolled at the Lu Chun (Army) University, remained there about one year, and graduated. After graduation General Ch'i was appointed Second Officer of the 23rd
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Regiment and later promoted to be First Deputy Commander of the Sec- ond Division of the later Imperial Army. Later he was promoted to be Second Staff-Officer of the First Division and then First Staff-Officer. Still later he became Staff Officer to the Commander-in-Chief of the Southern Honan Army. In 1909 General Oh'i was appointed Chief Staff-Officer to the following military units: The 6th Division of the Imperial Army; Left Headquarters of the First Army ; Defence Commissioner of West Yangtze; and Office of Governor of Kiangsi. In 1910 General Ch'i resigned from the position of Chief Staff-Officer and became Commander of the Fifth Reserve Brigade of the 6th Division and concurrently Commander of the 11th and the 12th Infantry Brigades of the same Division. In 1912 General Ch'i was appointed a Field Commander and was awarded the Fourth Order of Merit. He was in command of the 12th Brigade of the 6th Division until December 1917 when he was promoted to be Commander-in-Chief of the 6th Division and Occupation Commissioner of Nanking. In November 1918 General Ch'i was conferred the Second Order >of Tashou Chiaho and in August 1919 the Second . Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In May 1920, General Ch'i was ordered to assist in the superintend- ing of military affairs of Kiangsu. At that time the late General Li Ch'un was Tuchun, of Kiangsu. On October 2, 1920 Li Ch'un was appointed High Inspecting Commissioner of Kiangsu, Anhui and Kiangsi, and General Ch'i the Assistant Commissioner. On October 8th General Ch'i was given the brevet rank of Full General, and on the 10th the Third Order of Merit. The sudden death of General Li Ch'un occurred on October 12th and Gen- eral Ch'i was ordered on the 15th to act for Tuchun of Kiangsu. Vn December 1920 he was appointed Acting Tuchun and in September 1921 Tuchun of Kiangsu. In July 1922 General Ch'i was made a Chiangchun with the honorable title of the two words Ning Wu. In August he was given the; concurrent post of director-general of the Pukow Port Construc- tion Board. In October he was m'ade a Full General. In June 1923, General Ch'i was conferred the First Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In November 1923 he was appointed High Inspecting Commissiotaer of Kiang- su, Anhui and Kiangsi. He was also made a Shan Chiang Chun or Field Marshal with the special title "Ning Wu." In March 1924 General Ch'i was relieved of the concurrent post of Director-General of the Pukow Con- struction Board. But in April he was appointed director-general of the Huai River Conservancy Board. He served as High Inspecting Commis- sioner of Kiangsu-Anhui-Kiangsi and Tuchun of Kiangsu until September 1924, following the outbreak of war between Chekiang and Kianglsu pro- vinces. Marshal Chi was made Commander of the Chihli armies in attempt to subjugate Chekiang province. In October 1924 Marshal Chi in associa- tion with Marshal Sun Chuan-fang of Chekiang and Fukien provinces, was successful in defeating Marshal Lu Yung-hsiang of Chekiang. The victory, however, was shortlived, owing to the defeat of the Chihli party in the North and in the elimination of Marshal Wu Pei-fu as a military factor in North China. When the Provisional government under Marshal Tuan Chi- jui, was established in Peking, Marshal Chi was deprived of his office by official Mandate. "Then the Provisional government despatched General
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Chang Chung-chang with a Fengtien force to Nanking, Marshal Chi gave up his post at Nanking and proceeded to Shanghai where he organized a new rebellion against the Peking Government. His forces, however, were defeated in the vicinity of Chinkiang, chiefly the cause of the use of Russian conscript soldiers in the Fengtien army. Following the defeat of his armies, Marshal Chi went to Japan where he is now residing.
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Mr. Ch'i Yao-lin
Mr. Ch'i Yao-lin was born at I-tung Hsien, Kirin Province, in 1864. He became a Chin-shih, or Metropolitan, graduate in 1894. Mr. Ch'i started his official career as m,agistrate in several districts in the Province of Chihli. In February 1908 he was appointed Taotai of the Yungting Ho, one of the five main waterways of Chihli. In January 1910 Mr. Ch'i was promoted to be Chief Justice of Chihli later called Judicial Commis- sion. In the early part of 1911 Mr. Ch'i was provincial treasurer of Kiangsu and in November became provincial treasurer of Honan. Before he arrived at the n§w post, he had been ap'pointed Governor of Honan. In March 1912. when the Revolution was over, Mr. Ch'i was appointed the Tutuh or Governor, of Honan. He held this position only for one month and then resigned. In June 1913, when the administration of military and civil af- fairs were separated, Mr. Ch'i was appointed Mingcheng-ching or Civil Governor of Kirin, his native province. In May 1914 he became Hsunan-
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shih, the new designation for civil governors. In July 1914 Mr. Ch'i was transferred to be Hsunanshih of Kiangsu. In July 1916 the designation for civil governors was changed from Hsunanshih to Shengchang; there- upon Mr. Ch'i beecame Shengchang of Kiangsu. From July 8th to August 6th, 1917 he acted concurrently Tuchun of Kiangsu, being proceeded by Feng Kuo-chang and succeeded by the late General Li Ch'un. In Septem- ber 1919, Mr. Ch'i was conferred the First Order of Wenfu. In 1920 there was some misunderstanding between Mr. Ch'i and the Kiangsu Provincial Assembly. The latter impeached him in the Assembly Hall and the former had to give up the post. He was i officially relieved of the post of Sheng- chang on September 18, 1920. Ever since that time, Mr. Ch'i has been a resident in Tientsin.
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Mr. Ch'i Yao-shan
Mr. Ch'i Yao-shan was born af l-tung' Hsien, Kirin Province, in 1867. Through competitive examinations, he became a Chu-jen, Provin- cial Graduate, in 1889 and a Chih-shih, Metropolitan Graduate, in 1890. He Vvegan his career as secretary of the Imperial Chancery and a companion of the Emperor in study. Later the rank of sub-prefect was conferred upon him. Various official positions he held in the Ching re- gime were as follows: Expectant Prefect of Hupeh, chief secretary to the Governor of Hupeh, chief of the police at Wuchang, Acting Prefect of Ichang, Proctor of the Hupeh Mint, chief secretary of the Hupeh Re- organization Bureau, director of the army Medical College, assistant chief of staff of the army training headquarters in Hupeh, secretary to the Viceroy of Hupeh and Hunan, director of the silver mint in Hupeh, chief Instructor for the Hupeh army training headquarters, chief adjutant of the Southern force in the autumn manoeuvre at Changteh, Honan, direc- tor of the Hupeh Reorganization Bureau, director of the Martial Court in
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Hupeh, director of the Szechuen Salt Administration at Ichang, Customs superintendent at Chinchow and Ichang, Customs Taotai at Hankow, super- intendent of Foreign Affairs at the *ame place, acting Educational Com- missioner. From January 1913 to July 1913 Mr. Ch'i was Chief of the Salt Re- organization Bureau which later became the Salt Administration. In April 1915 Mr. Ch'i was appointed Acting T'san Cheng of the T'san-Cheng-Yuan or the State Advisory Council. In June 1915 he was appointed President of the Commission for the Consideration of People's Livelihood. In Aug- ust 1915 he became a substantial T'san Cheng. In October 1915 he was conferred the Fourth Order of Chiaho. In January 1917 Mr. Ch'i was appointed Shengchang, or Civil Governor, of Chekiang. This position he held for more than two years. In June 1920 he was appointed Sheng- chang of Shantung which post he held until October 1920. In May 1921 Mr. Ch'i joined the Cabinet as Minister of the Interior. In June he was given a concurrent position in the Director Generalship of the Metropoli- tan Municipal Office. In July he became President of the Bank of Agri- culture and Commerce. In October, Director General of the Famine Re- lief. In November he was conferred the First Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. On December 24th, when the Cabinet was reorganized, he was transferred to be Minister of Agriculture and Commerce. On December 27th, he was given the concurrent position of Acting Minister of Educa- tion. In January 1922, Mr. Ch'i was given another position, namely, the President of the Commission for the Investigation of Food supplies. In January he was relieved of both the Director-General of the Famine Relief Bureau and of the Municipal Office. In April he was relieved of the post of Acting Minister of Education. In June he was removed from the Minis- try of Agriculture and Commerce. In November 1922 he was conferre.d the First Order of Wenfu. Mr. Ch'i is now the President of the Bank of Agriculture and Commerce. He has been residing at Tientsin ever since he retired from Peking.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Chiang CK'ao-tsung
General Chiang Ch'ao-tsung was born at Ching-te Hsien Anhui province, in 1859. He began his official career as an expectant Taotai in the Ching Dynastj\ Before he came to Peking he was the Brigade-General in com- mand of Hanchung Garrison. In July 1912 General Chiang became Acting Commander-in-Chief of the Metropolitan Gendarmiere and also Deputy Lieutenant-General of the Bordered Red Chinese Banner. In December 1912 the first mentioned post was substantiated to him. In Alay 1917 General Chiang was awarded the First Order of Wenfu, the highest military order.
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About the same time he was appointed Assistant Commander of the forces for the maintenance of order in Peking and Tientsin. In. June 1917 Gen- eral Chiang accepted the post of Acting Premier and countersigned Pre- sident Li Yuan-hung's mandate dissolving the Parliament. In the begin- ning of July General Chang Hsun made the attempt to restore the oid monarchy. General Chiang being an old official of the Ching Dynasty waa soon favored with two appointments, Comm^der-in-Chief of the Imperial Metropolitan Gendarmerie and Director-General of the Peking Octroi. The monarchical restoration did not last long as Chang Hsun's forces were soon brought into subjection by Marshal Tuan Chi-jui's army. All those who had accepted appointments from the coup d'etat were suspected of symp- athy to Chang Hsun. General Chiang consequently resigned from all the posti! that he had been hitherto holding and retired into private life in Peking where he is at present considered a leading citizen. In August 1917 he was created a Chiang Chun of the Chiang Chun Fu or the College of Marshals with the special title of two words "Ti Wei." In October 1922 President Li Yuan-hung conferred upon General Chiang the Third Order of Merit in recognition of the service he had rendered to the country during the first few years of the Republic.
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166
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Kiang Kang-hu
tC /L J^ ^ /L J^ (Chiang Kang>hu)
Dr. Kiang Kang-hu was born at Shang-jao Hsien, Kiangsi Province in 188S. When he was a youth he was given a thorough education in Chinese literature and the classics. Dr. Kiang received his modern ed- ucation first in Japan, then in Belgium and hst in America. In the Chang time, after 1900, Dr. Kiang held the following positioire: Director of the Pei Yang Translation and Compilation Bureau; senior secretary of the Board of Justice: professor of the Peking Imperial University. After the first revolution which resulted in the establishment of the Republic of China Dr. Kiang organized the Socialist Party and was chosen leader. The par- ty was dissolved by the order of Yuan Shih-kai, in November 1911. In the following year he was proscribed by Yuan Shih-kai who ordered to arrest him. He had to leave China and for several years he was a refugee
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in America. "While in America Dr. Kiang interested himself in educational work. Then he was lecturer in the University of California; and in charge at one time of Oriental Collections, Congressional Library, Washington, D. C. It was from the University of California that he was conferred the honorary degree of Doctor of Philosophy. In 1921 Dr. ,Kiang travelled extensively throughout Soviet Russia. In 1922 after having returned to China, he or- ganized the Southern University at Shanghai and is now its President. In summer 1924 he extended the activity of his University by establisjiing' the Peking Division of the Southern University. The Socialist Party of China was reorganized in June 1924 and Dr. Kiang is still its leader. Dr. Kiang; is a well known writer. Among many of his works that have been published are: A series of text books on Chinese Literature (1905); A series of lectures on the World History (1910); "Hung Shui Chi" or "The Flood" (1913;) Chinese and Social Revelation (1913); A iseries of lectures on Chinese Classics (1920); Travels in New Rus.siaifl923).;ThePoem6of the Tang Dynasty (1923); Collection of Addresses and Speeches (1923). Dr. Kiang's address is 44, Markham Road, Shanghai, or 2, Fu Yuan Shih Hou-Chieli. Peking.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Monlin Chianif
(Chiang Meng-lin)
Dr. Monlin Chiang was born at Yu-yao Hsien, Chekiang Province, in 1884. He received his education first in the Chekiang Provincial College, Hangchow, and later in the Nanyang College, Shanghai. He was a student of Mr. Tsai Yuan-pei, Councillor of the Peking Governm-ent University. In 1904 he became a Licentiate or B. A. Dr. Chiang went to America in. 1908. For four years he studied in the University of California where he jgraduated with the degree of B. L. During 1909-1912 he was chief editor of the Chinese Free Press, the revolutionary organ of Dr. Sun Yat-sen of San Francisco. In 1912 Dr. Chiang entered the University of Columbia and studied subjects on Education and Philosophy under Drs. John Dewey and Paul Monroe, In 1913 he reseived the degree of M. A. and in 1917 that of Ph.D. Dr. Chiang returned to China in 1917. He founded the "New Education" (1918-1920). He joined the Department of Philosophy of the Peking Government University in 1919. During 1919-1920 he helped Dr. Tsai Yuan-pei in reorganizing the administration of the University. This reorganization has influenced very much the educational institutions in China. Dr. Chiang became Dean of the Department of Philosophy in 1921. Since 1919 he has been the Chairman of thi Administration Council. In 1921, during the absence of Tsai Yuan-pei in Europe, Dr. Chiang was Act- ing Chancellor. In September 1921, Dr. Chiang and Dr. David Yui went
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 169
to America to attend the Washington Confc-i'ince as the Chinese people's delegation elected by the National Association of the Chambers of Com- merce and National Federation of the Educational Associations. After the Conference, he travelled in France and many other European countries. In 192S Dr. Tsai Yuan-pei left China for Europe to study aesthetics. He' nominated Dr. Chiang to be Acting Chancellor and the nomination met with the approval of the Academic Senate of the University.' This position Dr. Chiang is still holding. Dr. Chiang is the author of "A Study in Chinese Principles of Education."
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170
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. S. T. Kong
(Chiang Shun-te)
Dr. S. T. Kong, was born at Paoan Hsien, Kuangtung Province, in 1?80. He attended the Peiyang University Tienisin, from 1895 to 1900. The year of 1902 found him in the University of California where he studied for three years, graduating with the degree of B. S. in 1905. After that he spent two more years in the States attending Columbia University from which he got an M. A. degree in 1907. Upon returning to China, he was called to attend examination of returned students in Peking, and was conferred with a doctors degree in engineering by the Imperial Ching Government in 1909. Soon after he was engaged as min- ing and metallurgical engineer by the Provincial Government of Hunan at Changsha, which position he held until 1909. In 1909-1912, he was engineer-ir-chief for the Lead and Silver Smelting Works of the Plunan government. This work was the fii\st work started by Chinese on a sclent-
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iSc scale, and is still going on at present. The year following found him as Engineer-in-Chief for the Canton government where concurrently he was Co-director for the Canton Government Analytical Laboratory and Chemical Department. He was engineer-in-chief for the Tsang Shing Mau- Fung-Shan Gold Mining and Milling Company 1913-1915. After that he was. engineer-in-chief and technical manager of the Hunan Government Smelting Works which is for smelting antimony. When the great war was over, the price of antimony dropped almost to nothing. Dr. S. T. Kong proposed to the Hunan government to run the works for smelting Chinese copper cash for copper and zinc. He succeeded in turning out pure cop- per and zinc which played a great part in keeping down the price of foreign copper in the province. Dr. Kong is the founder of the Bright Star Company, zinc oxide, colors and paints manufacturers, and he is its manager and engineer-in-chief. It has works at Changsha, Hunan, and head-office at Hankow. Dr. Kong is also at present the president of the Board of Directors of the Dau Sung School, newly founded at Hankow. H»; is also the manager of the Hankow oiFice of the National Commercial and Savings Bank of Hongkong. He is interested in the Chinese Y.M.C.A. work and is the chairman of the board of directors of the Wu-Han Y.M. C.A. He is also a member of the Board of Trustees of the Boone University, Wuchang, and member of the American Institute «f Mining and Metallur- gical Engineers since 1905.
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172
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr Chiang T'ien-to
Mr. Chiang T'ien-to was born at Hua Hsien, Kuangtung Province, in 1879. He received his early education in the old Confucian schools and went to Japan in 1902 for his modern education, where he studied Poli- tical Science and Law at Waseda University; graduating in 1907. After returning to China, Mr. Chiang j-oined the Compilation Bureau of the Mingchenpu or Board of the Interior. He became involved in early re- volutionary activities and was forced to go to Japan where he took a post- graduate course in Political Science at Waseda University. In 1910 he
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returned to China and became a teacher in the High Police School in Peking and also practiced law in the capital after the First Revolution. He was later elected a member of Parliament which assembled in Peking in April 191 3 and served when that body was in session. In July 1917, shortly after the overthrow of Chang Hsun's Tnonarchical movement, he was ap- pointed Vice-Minister of Agriculture and Commerce which position he held for more than three years. In January 1920 Mr. Chiang was awarded the Vice-Minister of Agriculture and Commerce which position he held for more than three years. In January 1920 Mr. Chiang was awarded the First Order of Wenfu. In February he w.as appointed Minister of Agri- culture and Commerce and was also given the concurrent position of the President of the Food Supply Investigation Commission. In August 1920 he retired from both positions. Wlien Parliament was reconvened by President Li Yuan-hung, Mr. Chiang again was a, member. Later he was again appointed Vice-Minister of Agriculture and Commerce. This he held until August 1922 when he was appointed director general of the National Conservancy Bureau. In September 1923 he was given the concurrent post of vice-president of the Yangtze River Commission. In October 1922 he was awarded the First Order of Tashou Chiaho. In May 1924 Mr. Chiang resigned from the posts of director-general of the National Conservancy Bureau and vice-president of the Yangtze River Commission, because it was required that an M. P. should not hold other offices.
174
WHOS WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Tsiang T«eng-yi
(Chiang Tseng-i)
Mr. Tsiang Tseng-yi was born at Raining Hsien, Chekiang Province, in 1877. In his youth he acquired high education in Chinese and became a Hsiu-t'sai or Licentiate in his teens and obtained the literary degree of Chu-jen or Provincial Graduate when he was little over twenty. In 1904 he attended the Metropolitan Competitive Examination and obtained the de- gree of Chin Shih, Metropolitan graduate, which is equivalent to Ph.D. Having become a Chin-shih, Mr. Tsiang was awarded the rank of secretary of the Grand Secretariat of State. In the following seven years before the establishment of the Republic, Mr. Tsiang was at different times junior secretary of the Board of the Interior, junior secretary of the Board of Finance, assistant senior secretary of the Board of Communica- tions and finally director in charge of the Department of Telegraphs of the Board of Communications. By that time the t3legraphy sarvice was partly in the hands of a commercial company. Upon becorafng a director
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of the Telegrraphs, Mr. Tsiang proposed the plan of nationalizing all the telegraph establishments. His proposal received the approval of the govern- ment and was carried out accordingly. He was also responsible for the establishment of two radio stations at Peking and Nanking respectively in 1911. Mr. Tsiang left the Board of Communications for sometime after the establishment of the Republic in 1913. However, he joined the Board (then changed into Ministry of Communications) in 1913. From that time until 1916 he was Chief of the Financial Bureau of the Department of Telegraphs, Posts and Navigation.
During 1917 and 1918 Mr. Tsiang was Councillor of the Ministry of Communications, first acting then substantiated. In January 1919 Mr. Tsiang was appointed acting director in charge of the Department of Telegraphs and concurrently director-general of the Government Telegraphs and Tele- phone establishments. In June he was substantiated to this acting post. In January 1920 Mr. Tsiang was awarded the Second Order of Wenfu. In September 1920 he was a member of the Famine Relief Committee of the Ministry. In December 1920 he was ordered to assist in the organization of the Communications University. In February 1921 Mr. Tsiang was confer- red the Second Order of Chiaho. In March 1922 Mr. Tsiang received two concurrent posts, namely, executive member of the Commission in Com- munications Questions in connection with the Retrocession of Shantung and chairman of the Telegraphy Accounts Commission. In May 1922 Mr. Tsiang was removfid from all his posts in the Ministry of Communications.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Chiang Tso-pin
General Chiang Tso-pin was born at Yinchen. Hupei Province, in 1883. After having received Chinese education in the native province, he went to Japan where he entered and graduated from the Imperial University in Tokyo. In December 1907 he enrolled in the Military Officers' Academy. He was one of the 64 Chinese students of the fourth battfh admitted to that Academy. General Chiang took the course on Infantry. Upon his return to China after graduation from the Academy, he took examinations in Peking and was given the rank of Chu-ien. Subsequently he was ap- pointed a professor in the Government Military College. There he trans- lated into Chinese several Japanese books on military tactics and ter- minology which brought to him much fame. While in Japan, General Chiang made the acquaintance of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and became a strong revolutionary agitator. He took a prominent part in the First Revolution. The Provisional government was inaugurated in Nanking on January Ist 1912, the Brithday of the Chinese Republic. On the 4th, President Sun
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 177
Yat-sen in a Mandate made Chiang Tso-pin a Full General, and appointed' him Vice-Minister of War. In April 1912, General Chiang was appointed Vice-Minister of War. This position he held until May 1916 when he was promoted to be Chiangchim of the Chiangchunfu, or Military Council. The special title given to him as Chiangchun was "Yeh-Wei". General Hsu Shu-tseng, commonly known as "Little Hsu" succeeded him as Vice- Minister of War. In July 1916 Mr. Chiang was appointed Vice-Chief of the General Staff. In July 1917 he was ordered to be arrested by Chang Hsun because of his opposition to Chang's attempt to restore the old mon- archy but he had left Peking before the order was issued. Finally Chang failed and at the end of July 1917 General Chiang officially sent in his resignation which was accepted by Tuan Chi-jui. General Chiang was Military Advisor to the Chinese Delegation at the World Peace Conference at Versailles, in 1918. Since his retirement from Peking offices, he has been in association with the Southern military and political leaders in the attempt to overthrow the Northern militarists. The trouble in Hupei against Peking in 1921 brought General Chiang's name to the fore. In the summer of the same year, he rose against Gerieral Wang^ Chan-yuan then Tuchun of Hupei, and was elected Commandter-in-Ohief of the staff government troops' of that Province. He advocated the control of Hupei by the Hupei people. Ais a result of the uprising, WanSg" Chan-yuan was compelled to give up his dual post of Tuchun of Hupei and the High In- specting Commissioner of Hunan and Hupei. General Chiang did not suc- ceed to make Hupei controlled by the Hupei people, for he himself was subsequently defeated by General Wu Pei-fu who became High Inspecting Commissioner of Hunan and Hupei. Later General Chiang went to Canton and joined Dr. Sun Yat-sen who at once appointed him the Director- General of Operations in the campaign against the North. General Chiang is a fellow provincial and a close friend of President Li Yuan-hung. When Li Yuan-hung was invited by the Chihli Generals to re-assume the Presidency of China which he actually did in June 1922 after the Chihli-Mukden War, General Chiang did everything he could to urge his old friend not to accept that invitation. In October 1922, President Li conferred on him the Third Order of Merit.
178
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Chiang Yen-hsing
#)! ^f '# sr B
General Chiang Yen-hsing was born at Fou-ch'eng Hsien, Chihli province, and was graduated from the Peiyang Military Academy in Tientsin. In 1901 General Chang was sent to Japan with 38 other military graduates forming the first group of Chinese students to study in the Japan Military Officer's Academy. From this institution he later graduated and specialized in the infantry department. Upon returning to China, General Chiang joined the Peiyang Military clique. Subsequently he was appointed Coun- cillor to the Headquarters of the Commander of Kiangpei Northern Kiangsu Troops and concurrently Commander of the 13th Piao or Brigade stationed at Tsingkiangpu. During the first Revolution, General Chiang was elected Tutu or Military Commander of Kiangpey. In July 1913 he was appointed
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 179
Special Military Commissioner to Kiang-Huai. In August 1913 he became Director-General of the Kiangpei military affairs. In September 1914 Gen- eral Chiang was called to Peking and was made a "Chiang-cihun of the Chiangchunfu" or College of Marshals his special fitter being "Ching Wei." Later he was appointed Director General for the Promotion of Military Standards. From October 1916 to July 1917 General Chiang was Tutung of Suiyuan Special Area. In August 1920 he was appointed Deputy-Chief of General Staff which position he is still holding. In October 1919 General Chiang was awarded the First Order of Wenfu; in October 1920, the First Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho; in October 1922, the Second Order of Merit. In March 1923 General Chiang was appointed a member of the Commission for the study of questions regarding Mongolia. In December 1923 General Chiang was made a Full General.
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180
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Chian Yung
Mr. Chiang Yung, was born at Changtinghsien, Fukien, in 1877. He studied at Waseda University where he specialized in law and economics. In 1907, the Imperial government appointed him to conduct a mission to study the Japanese educational system. He graduated from Waseda in the autumn of the same year. Upon his return to China Mr. Chiang was engaged by the late President Yuan Shih-kai, who was then Grand Councillor, to be a teacher in the law school. Later he was transferred to the Board of Education, and later Dean of the law college. In 1908 Minister Shen had studied abroad and was given the degree of M. A. In 1910 he suc- cessfully passed the Imperial Examinations and received the degree of
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LL.D. In December 1911, two months after the outbreak of the First Revolu- tion, Mr. Chang was appointed by Yuan Shih-kai, then Imperial Prime Minister, as a delegate representing the Ching House at the Internal Peace Conference held at Shanghai, the Chief Delegate being Mr. Tang Shao-yi. In 1912, he was invited by Minister Tsai Yuan-pei of Education to be president of the Government Law College in Peking. In August 1912 he was appointed Chief of the Metropolitan High Court. On Sep- tember 16, 1913, he was appointed vice-president of the Law Codification Commission. A week later the appointment was substantiated. In August 1916 he was ordered to act for the Minister of Justice. This position he held until September 1916 when he resigned from the Vice-Ministership. On June 16, 1917 Mr. Chiang was ordered to act as Vice-Minister of Justice. From June 29 to July 17 he was Acting Minister of Justice. In July 26 1917, he was appointed Vice-Minister. In December 1917 he became Minister of Justice which position he held until the end of March 1918. Subsequently Mr. Chiang was appointed director of Chinese Educa- tion. In January 1920 Mr. Chiang was conferred the First Order of Tashou Chiaho. In July 1920 after the overthrow of the Anfu Faction, he was appointed president of the Law Codification' Com- mission. In the beginning of 1921 he was appointed concurrently to hold the post of the president of the Commission for the Study of Jurisdiction. In February 1921 he was conferred the First Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In August 1921 he was relieved of the two concurrent posts. In 1922 Mr. Chiang was conferred the Fourth Order of Merit. In the spring of 1923 he left Peking as a protest against the mishandling of Dr. Lo Wen-kan's case on the part of a few Cabinet ministers who, according to him, had taken law into their o^vn hands. He was officially relieved of the presidency of the Law Codification Commission in October 1923. In June 1923, Mr. Chiang founded in Peking' a weekly called The Law Review, of which he himself has been the editor-in-chief. Ever since he resigned from this official post, he has been practising law in Peking'. His present address is Pai-Mien-Tsao, East City, Peking.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Ch'Ien Ch'ung-kai
II ^ ^ '-3^ iHl ft
Mr. Ch'ien Ch'ung-kai Was born at Ch'ing Hsien, Chihli Province, in 1881. He attended the Tientsin Naval College for a few years and latei entered the Peiyang University from which 83hool he was graduated with distinction in English and mathematics. After graduation, he went to Manchuria and rendered service in educational work for a few years at Mukden, Hsinming, Liaoyang, and other places outside Shanhaikuan. Later he came; to Peking where he became a teacher of several schools, such as the Translation School, the High Industrial College, the Middle Military School, etc. Upon the outbreak of the Revolution in October 1911, Mr. Ch'ien and some of his friends who were in sympathy with the Revolution
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 183
formed an organization in North China and played a part in the work of overthrowing the Manchu House. He served as Chief Staff Officer of the organization which served as head office for northern troops. In 1912, the year the Republic was founded, he was elected a member of the provisional provincial assembly of Chihli. In April 1913, the first Parliament was con- voked in Peking and Mr. Ch'ien served as a Chihli member of the Lower House. After the dissolution of the parliament by Yuan Shih-kai in January 1914, he joined the Salt Administration, first as Chief of the audit section of the Hotung District of the Salt Inspectorate, then as Chief of the Collection Section of the Fengtien district, and again as chief of the Kuangning Salt Revenue Bureau. Parliament was for the second time convoked in August 1916, after the death of Yuan Shih-kai, and Mr. Ch'ien remained a ' member until its second dissolution on June 13, 1917. Subse- quently he went to Canton where on August 27, 1917. the Extraordinary Parliament was convoked for the purpose o»f upholding the Provisional Constitution against the Northern military rule. In April 1922, Mr. Ch'ien's name appeared again in the Peking Government Gazette when he was ap- pointed director of the Government Salt Bureau. On President Li Yuan- hung's reassumption of office in June 1922, he reconvoked the parliament which he had dissolved in June 1917, and it reassembled in Peking on August 1, 1922. Mr. Ch'ien, a member of the House of Representatives, was subsequently elected chairman of the Budget Committee of the House. In December 1922, Mr. Ch'ien was awarded the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho ; in January 1923, the Second Order of Wenfu; and in March 1923, the Second Order of Tashou Packuang Chiaho. In June 1923 President Li Yuan-hung was again ousted and a number of parliamentarians deserted Peking as a protest against the coup d'etat. Mr. Ch'ien considered it illegal to deprive the Parliament of a quorum by staying away and he therefore, remained in Peking and succeeded in inducing the deserting members to return in order that the Constitution could be completed and a new President could be elected.
184
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr* Pei-Yu Chien
Mr. Pei-Yu Chien, was born in 1896 in Kiangyin, Kiangsu. After having finished his elementary school work, he went to Peking where he entered Tsing-hua College, After the Revolution of 1911, he became a student in Peking University of the Methodist Mission. He entered the Customs Col- lege, Peking, in 1914 and was graduated in 1918. He was then appointed to a position in the Chinese Maritime Customs in Tientsin where he stayed for three years. During his stay in Tientsin, Mr. Chien acted also as one of the editors of the Yin Shih Pao, or Social Welfare. In 1921, he was appointed the representative of Social Welfare to the Second Press Con- gress of the World held in Honolulu and then proceeded to Washington, D. C, to cover the Disarmament Conference for his paper. After the Washington Conference he attended the School of Journalism of the Univers- ity of Missouri, the oldest and best-known institution of its kind in the States, While he was in school, he won several prizes on account of his literarv attainments. He returned to China in June 1923, after receiving
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 1^5
the degree of Bachelor of Journalism from the University of Missouri. Besides connected with a number of newspapers in Peking and Tientsin, he is now contributing editor of the China Weekly Review, Shanghai, and assistant editor of the North China Star, Tientsin.
Mr. Chien joined the editorial staff of the North China Star, an Am- erican daily newspaper in Tientsin, in June, 1924 and after six months, he resigned to enter governmental services in Peking. He was appointed the Secretary to the Chinese Chief Inspector of the Salt Revenue Admin- stratiou, Ministry of Finance, which position he is still holding. Mr. Chien is still connected with the China Weekly Review in Shanghai as its contributing editor from the Capital and has contributed a number of in- teresting articles from semi-official sources.
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186
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Tsien Tai II # ^# Pg ^ (Ch'ien T'ai)
Dr. Taien Tai was born at Chiashan Hsien, Chekiang Province, in 1888. In 1906 he passed a "Competitive Examination by Imperial Grace" and obtained the degree of "Yu Kung Sheng" or Meritorious Senior Licentiate. He was a graduate of the University of Paris with the degree of LL.D. Dr. Tsien was for some time a Deputy Judge of the Peking Local Court, In January 1915 he was appointed a Secretary of the Ministry of Justice. In April he was delegated by the Ministry to be a member of the Measurements Standardization Commission under the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. In September he was appointed to hold concurrently the position of Chief of the Bureau of Statistics of the Ministry of Justice. In December he was appointed by the President to be Councillor of the same Ministry. In the same month the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and of Justice jointly invited him to be a member of the Judicial Discussion Commission. In April 1917 Dr. Tsien received another appointment in the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 187
Ministry of Justice, the Chief of the Compilation Bureau. In August the Ministry delegated him to be a member of the Commission for the study of International Affairs at war time. In December he became Comptroller of the Law Translation Commission. In January 1918 Dr. Tsien was ap- pointed by the President to be Resident Member of the Commission for the Supervision of the Final Examination for Judicial Officials. In February he was invited by the Cabinet to be a member of the Preparation .Bureau for the Participation of the European Peace Conference. In December a Presidential Mandate appointed him to be Judicial Expert of the Chinese Delegation to the Paris Pease Conference. A Third Class Paokuang Chiaho Decoration was then conferred upon him. In July 1919 Dr. Tsien was delegated by the Ministry lof Justce to be a member of the International Communications Committee under the Ministry of Communications. In September he was invited to be a member of the Commission for the Study of the Peace Treaty in the Ministry of Foreign Affaire. In Oct'ober he was delegated as a member of the Temporary Commission ap-poinfced to take over the Russian Court on the Chines? Eastern Railway. In December the Waichiaopu and Ministry of Justice jointly appointed him to be a member of the Commission for the Study of Jurisdiction. At the same time he was appointed an Assistant Councillor of the Ministry of Foreigh Affairs. In December he was appointed a member 'of the Commission for the Study of Russian Affairs. In November 1920 Dr. Tsien was conferred the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. la March 1921 Dr. Tsien was appointsd by the Minister of Justice to be a member of the Com- mission for the Examination of the Service Records of Judicial Officials. In May a Presidential Mandate appointed hini a Director of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Simultaneously he was appointed a member of the Councillors' Hall of the Ministry of Justice. In August the Waichiaopu a4)pointed him a member of the Bureau for the Preparatory Work for the Participatiori in the Washington Conference. In September he was ap- pointed legal expert to the Chinese Delegation to the Pacific Oonference. In November he was made a taember of the Commission for the study of Tibetan Questions. In March 1922 Dr. Tsien was appointed an expectaait Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. In June he was ap- pointed assistant director of the Secretariat of the Cabinet. In December the Waichiaopu appointed him a member of the Bureau for the Prepara- tion of Customs Conference.
In May 1923 Dr. Tsien was appointed Advisor to the Bureau for the Preparation of Sino-Russian Conference. In June 1924 he was appointed Expert to the Sino-Russian Conference. He has been with this post two years and is still the Director des Traites et Conventions, Foreig-n Office Peking. The highest orders of honor Dr. Tsien at present holds are the Second Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and the Third Class Wenfu. Besides, he has been conferred by the French government with the Third Order of Black Star and by the Greek government the Second Order of Joseph.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. M. Y. Ch'ien
(Ch'ien Yung-ming)
Mr. M. Y, Ch'ien was born in Shanghai in 1885. He graduatefd from the Kobe Commercial College, of Kobe, Japan. Upon returning to China he engaged in the baixking business and became manager of the Shanghai branch of the Bank of Communications and in addition has served as Vice-President of the Shanghai Bankers' Association and director of the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Chien has been director of the Peking Bankers' Association; director of the Chekiang Industrial Bank of Shanghai; director of the Great North- Western Bank; president of the Tai Shan Brick Manufacturing Company, Shanghai; director of the Hua Feng Cotton Mill, Shanghai; director of the Pao Tung Electrical Works Company; director of the South-Eastern University, Nanking; director of the Com- mercial College; director of the Chi Nan College; and director of the China Vocational Educational Association. The Peking government conferred upon
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 189
Mr. Ch'ien the Third Order of Chiaho in January 1920; the Third Order of Wenfu in January 1921; and the Third Order of Paokuang Chiaho in Feb- ruary 1921. Since June 1922 Mr. Ch'ien has been the vice-president of the Bank of Communications. In April 1923 Mr. Ch'ien was appointed a Member of the commission for the Consideration of China's finance.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. F. Ch'in
(Ch'in Fen)
Mr. F. Ch'in was born at Chiating Hsien, Kiangsu Province, in 1887. He received his middle school and college education in Shanghai. In 1906 he went to America and studied mathematics and astronomy at Har- vard University, from which school he was graduated in 1909 with the degree of A. B., (Magna Cum Laude). In the same year he obtained the degree of A. M. During 1909-1910 Mr. Ch'in spent a year in England and Germany taking post-graduate courses at Glasgow University and Freiburg University. Mr. Ch'in returned to China in June 1910 and be- came Dean of the Kiangnan High School of Nanking. Later he accepted the Deanship of the Pootung Middle School, Shanghai. From 1912 to 1915
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he was professor of mathematics of the Nanyang College, now known as the Communications University. From 1915 to 1919 he was professor of mathematics and astronomy at the Government University of Peking and also Dean of the Science Department. In March 1919 he was appointed director of the Ministry of Education in charge of the Department of Technical Education. In November 1920 he was promoted to be Councillor of the Ministry of Education. In July 1922 Mr. Ch'In received the Third Order of Chiaho. In April 1923 he was appointed by the Ministry to be Chinese Delegate to the International Educational Conference. Mr. Ch'in is still Councillor of the Ministry of Education. He is the author of a series of text books on mathematics in Chinese and several books on as- tronomy.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. P. C. King
^ #13 IE ^ f t H (Chin Pang-cheng)
Mr. P. C. Kingi is a native of Anhui but he was born in Hangchow, Chekiang Province, in 1887. Between . 1901 and 1902 he studied at the Nanyang Institute of Technology. Prom 1905 to 1908 he attended the Nankai Middle School, Tientsin, where he graduated. From 1908 to 1909 he studied at the Customs College, Peking. Mr. King successfully passed the competitive examinations conducted by the Bureau of the Educational Mission to the United States of America, and was sent to America in November 1909. He prepared himself for college at Williston Seminary, Easthampton, Mass., and in 1910 joined Cornell University where he special- ized in forestry. He received his degree of B. S. and M. F. in 1914. At Cornell he was elected to Sigma Xi In May 1914. He returned to China in October 1914, and was introduced to Mr. Han Kuo-chun, then Civil Governor of the Anhwei Province, by Professor Joseph Bailie, of the Un- iversity of Nanking, and was appointed to start and take charge of the forestry work for the whole province and to conduct at the same time the Provincial Agricultural School at Anking. Later he opened a forestry de-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 193
partment in the Agriculture School, and organized the Bureau of Forestry for Anhwei. A nursery was organized and extensive reforestation in several districts of the province was planned and carried out. Mr. King left Anhui during General Chang Hsun's monarchical movement in June 1917. In the summer of 1917 he was appointed by Mr. Fan Yuan-lien, then Minister of Education, to be president of the Government Agricultural College, Peking. He held this position for three years. In August 1920 Mr. King was appointed president of the Tsing Hua College to succeed Dr. Hawk-ling Yen who was appointed secretary to the League of Nations. In January 1922 Mr. King was appointed director of the Chinese Educational Mission to the United States and to be concurrently director of the Tsing Hau Students Mission. These positions he is still holding.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Kungpah King
(Chin Shao-ch'eng)
Mr, Kungpah King was born at Nanhsun, Chekiang Province, in 1876. After having finished his Chinese education at home, he acquired his rudimentary knowlege of English at the St. Xavier's School, Shanghai. In 1901 Mr. King went to England and joined the Department of Commerce of King's College, London and finished in 1905. Upon his return to China in the same year, he was appointed Assistant Miag-jstrate of the Mixed Court at Shanghai. In the following year he was in charge of the Trade Marks section of the Board of Commerce at Peking. Later, Mr. King was transferred to be a Judge in the Supreme Court of Justice, which
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 195
position he held for five years. During the fourth year of his office, he was sent to Washington as Chinese delegate to attend the Prison Con- ference. After the conference, he investigated prison conditions and studiet'. law proceedings in some eighteen different countries in America and Europe. Upon his return to China, he wrote a number of books embodying the results of his studies and researches. In 1912 Mr. King resigned from the Supreme Court and became the Dean of the College of Commerce of the Peking University and concurrently held the position of secretary to the Board of the Interior. About the same time he founded the first Na- tional Museum in the Chinese Capital, and was appointed its first curator. In 1914 when Hsiung Hsi-ling was director-general of the National Oil Administration, Mr. King served as resident director of the Field Off.ce in Shensi where a number of wells were dug by the Standard Oil Company undertaking the exploitation work. In August 1918 Mr. King was elected a Member of Eepresentative of the new or ••Tuchuns'" Parliament. Sub- sequently he was chosen as one of the three representatives to attend the International Parliamentary Conference of Commerce held in Belgium. In 1920, after the Anfu-Chihli war which resulted in the overthrow of the Anfu Faction, the Parliament was dissolved. Subsequently Mr. King was appointed a Secretary of the Cabinet which position, however, he did not hold. In May 1915 he was Conferred the Second Order of Paokuang Chiaho and in January 1920 the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho. In October 1922 Mr. King received the Third Order of Wenfu. In 1922 he was appointed again to bs a secretary of the Cabinet and held this position until January 1923. In March 1923 he was appointed Councillor of the Bureau of Mongo- lian and Tibetan Affairs, which position he is today holding. Mr. King is a recognized authority on Chinese antique arts, such as paintings and' porcelains and a highly accomplished artist himself.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Sok-tsu G Kins
(Chin Shao-chi)
Sho-tsu G, King, was born at Nanziang, Chekiang, in 1886. He re- ceived his early education under private tutors at liome. In 1902 he went to England for higher education, in company with his two elder brothers. Upon his arrival in London, he joined King's College and specialized in electric engineering. He spent one year as an apprentice in the Gen- eral Electric Company where he received practical training in electrical engineering. Mr. King returned to China in 1905. After a rest for one year, he went to North China, organized the electric department in the Technical School of the Board of Commerce at Peking, and became its first professor. At the request of Tang Wen-chih, at the time Vice-Min-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 197
ister of Commerce, he was a member of the Board of Qommunications. Upon Mr. Tang's retiring from official life to become President of the Nanyang College, Mr. King was transferred to that College and stayed there for four years and a half, as head of the Chemical Department. In 1911 he was transferred back to Peking and detailed for service in the Ministry of Communicatioaj. He was attached to the postal administration for some time with the rank of Junior Secretary. After the first revolu- tion in 1911 which resulted in the establishment of the present Republic, Mr. King went to Hankow and stayed there over four years as managing director of a real estate concern called the Real Estate and Trading Comp- any, and under him the management control property now valued at several million dollars. In 1916 he came to Peking and was engaged in general business. Some of the big commercial deals concluded in China since the war such as the organization of the Chinese national wireless company and the Vickers' contract of £1,800,000 were pushed through by Mr. King. Mr. King is in Peking acting as agent of the Vicker's Company.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Chin Sliao-tseng
^^^^^ m
General Chin Shao-tseng was born at Tientsin. His service with the Mjinistry of War began in the Ching Dynasty which he served as a councillor. After the establishment of the Republic, General Chin continued as a Coun- cillor in the Ministry of War until December 1917, when he was appointed Chief of the Department of Civil Affairs and Appointments. In March 1920 be was awarded the Second Order of Paokuang Chiaho and in August was appointed Vice-Minister of War. In May 1921, General Chin was made a lieutenant-general and in May 1922 he was appointed to act for the Minister of War for a period. In October 1922 he was granted the First Order of Wenfu and in November 1922 he was made a Chiangchun of the College of
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Marshals with the special title "Shao-wei." In Septembsr 1923 General Chin wias again placed in charge of the affairs of the Ministry of War which position he held until January 1924 when General Lu Chin was appointe.d Minister of War. General China's present position is Vice-Minister of War.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Chin '^un-peng
mmmt-nm
General Chin Yun-peng was born at Chining, Shantung Province, in 1877. He was graduated from the Peiyang Military Academy and upon graduation was appointed to command a small number of soldiers. In 1910 General Chin was transferred to Chekiang and appointed by the governor of that province. His Excellency Ts'eng Yun, to command a regiment. Soon after he was promoted to be commander-in-chief of the troops of that province. In 1911 the first revolution broke out and General Chin was detached for service under General Tuan Chi-jui, who was then commander-in-chief of the Imperial troops for the suppression of the rebellion. On account of his merit, he was given the rank of Lieutenant-General. In August 1913 General Chin was ordered to act for the Tutuh Military Governor of Shan- tung and a month later was appointed acting Tutuh of Shantung. In June
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1914 he was given the rank of Tai Hu Chiangchun. The rank of Count was con- ferred upon General Chin in the latter part of 1915 when Yuan Shih-kai proclaimed himself Emperor of China. On account of his loyalty to Pre- sident Yuan General Chin did not take part in the third revolution started for the restoration of the Republic. General Chin Yun-peng was madu a Chiangchun with the special title of two words Kuo Wei, and ap- pointed a member of the Chiangchanfu or the Military Council in June 1916. This was an "Irish promotion," by means of which he was removed from thf position of military governor of Shantung. He had to come to Peking to assume his new office. In November 1917 General Chin in company of General Chu Tung-feng went to Japan as Chinesa representa- tive to witness the Imperial Grand Manoeuver of that country. When the War Participation Bureau was organised in March 1918, with Marshal Tuan Chi-jui as its Director-General, General Chin was appointed the Adminis- trative Director of that Bureau having in his control all the forces under it. On January 11, 1919 General Chin lyas appointed Minister of War by President Hsu Shih-ch'ang. In September he was ordered to act as Premier and in November was appointed Premier. In December he was appointed concurrently to be Minister of War. In January 1920 General Chin was decorated with the First Order of Merit in recognizance of his service rendered in connection with the War Participation Office. On July 2, 1920 General Chin was relieved of the Premiership and War portfolio. On Aug- ust 9, he was reinstated as Acting Prime Minister with the concurrent position of Minister of War. In October 1920 he was made a Full General. On May 14, 1921 General Chin was appointed Prime Minister which position he held until December 18, 1921. Ever since that time. General Chin has been a resident in Tientsin.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Ching Yao-yueh
Mr. Ching Yao-yueh was born at Jui Ch'eng Hsien, Shansi Province, in 1883. He earlj'^ became a well-known scholar although he was only a Fukung-sheng, or Senior Licentiate qualified to take the Metropolitan Competitive Examinations. In 1904 he was admitted to Shansi University as the holder of a government scholarship. Later he was sent with government support to study in Japan. He studied Political Science and Law at the Tokyo Imperial University where he was graduated in 1910 with the degree of LL.B. While in Japan, Mr. Ching joined the Tungming- hui, the Revolutionary Party headed by Sun Yat-sen and the late Huang Hsing. Among the Tungminghui members, he was noted as a powerful propagandist. He edited a number of influential political papers immed- iately before and after the Revolution among which were the Kuo Pao of Tokyo, the Ming Hu Pao and the Ming Lieh Pao of Shanghai, the Ming Chih Pao and the Ta Kuo Ming Jih Pao of Peking, etc. After his return to China, he was for a time Professor of History to the Hsin Kung Hsueh in Shanghai and president of the Liangkiang Law University in Nanking,.
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In the capacity of an executive member of the political section of the Tung Ming Hui, Mr. Ching played an active part in the Revolution. Af- ter the outbreak in October 1911, Mr. Ching represented the Shansi Military government at the Nanking provisional government. He was subsequent- ly elected president of the Conference of the provincial representa- tives. He was also a member of the Nanking National Council; member of the Provisional Constitution Drafting Committee; and chairman of the Provisional Constitution Commission. In January 1912, the first day of the Chinese Republic, Dr. Sun Yatrsen, who was elected provisional pre- sident according to that constitution, assumed office and Mr. Ching was appointed Vice-Minister of Education and also acting Minister of Educa- tion. In March 1912 the unification of the country was effected through Sun Yat-sen's resignation in favor of Yuan Shih-kai who was elected the provisional president by the national council according to the constita- tion. In May 1912 Mr. Ching went to Peking and accepted the position of High Political Advisar to the president. Subsequently Mr. Ching was elected a member of the First Parliament which assembled in Peking in April 1913. In August 1917 after the death of Yuan Shih-kai, Mr. Ching returned to the Parliament again when it was reconvoked by Li Yuan- hung. In June 1917 when the Parliament was again dissolved and Chang Hsun attempted to restore the Ching regime, Mr. Ching returned to Shansi and assumed the Commandership of troops opposing the monar- chical restoration. In June 1919 Mr. Ching received the Second Order of Chiaho and ir January 1920, the Third Order of Wenfu. In February 1920 he was appoint3d Councillor of the government Bureau of Economic Information. In February 1921 ho was awarded the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho. In August 1922, when the old Parliament was reconven- ed in Peking by President Li Yuan-hur.g, Mr. Ching resigned from the Bureau of Economic Information to become a member of the House oi Representatives again. In October 1922, he received the Second Order of Paokuang Chiaho; in November 1922, the First Order of Wenfu; and in January 1923, the Second Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In April 1924 Mr. Ching was appoinnted Director of the Bureau for the Preparation of' New Parliamentary Electric which position he is still holding. Mr. Chang is the author of many standard works in literature and poetry, among which are "History of Chinese Pedagogy," "History of Chinese Metaphy- sics," "Birth of the Chinese Republic," "The Political History of ths Re- public," "A Treatise on China's Land System," "Gems of Chinese Poe- tiy" in thirty volumes, "The Collection of Works of the Poets of Ching Dynasty" in 120 volumes, "The Works of Mr. Ching Yao-yueh" in 65 volumes, and "The Essays of Ching Yao-yueh" in 3 volumes.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Tsur Chi-lien (.Chow Chi-lien)
Dr. Tsur Chi-lien was born at Ningpo, Chekiang, in 1877. After graduating from St. John's University of Shanghai, he went to England
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 205
and attended Edinburgh University and received the degree of M. A. Shortly afterwards he studied in Germany and specialized in political sci- ence and was awarded the degree of Ph. D. Upon the completion of his education in Germany Dr. Tsur returned to China and entered the govern- ment service. In 1910 he accompanied Chang Tsung-hsiang, a former Chinese Minister to Japan, to Germany to study German constitutional and municipal governments. They returned in the latter part of 1911 when the First Revolution resulting in the establishment of the present Republic commenced. After the overthrow of the Manchu Regime, a law compila- tion bureau was established at Peking and Dr. Tsur was appointed a councillor of it. This position he held for two years. In 1914 Dr. Tsur was appointed Third Secretary to the Chinese Legation in Japan. At the time when he was recalled to be Commissioner to Australia in charge of German and Austrian prisoners in June, 1918, he was Secretary to the Chinese Legation in Tokio. After the decision to deport enemy subjects in China to Australia was reversed, Dr. Tsur was made' a member of the Foreign Office. Ffiv a while he was Acting Secretary. In 1919 Dr. Tsur was appointed , Consul-General to New York. In the winter of the same year he returned to China. In June 1920 he was relieved of the New York post. In April 1922 Dr. Tsur was appointed Consul General at Ottawa, Canada, which position he is still hoUing. In September 1923 Dr. Tsur returned to China upon the death of his father at Shanghai.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. L. Y. Chow
(Cbou Lun-yuan)
Mr. L. Y. Chow was born in A'ingpo, Chekiang province, in 1890. He received his early education at the Ningpo Baptist Middle School, entering St. John's University, Shanghai, in 1907. In 1911, he went to the United States as a Boxer Indemnity student, and was graduated from Lehigh University in 1915 with a degree in mining engineering. After working in various mines in the United States, he returned to China in the fall of 1915 and joined the Ping-hsiang Colliery as assistant engineer. In 1918 he was made mining superintendent, from which posi- tion he resigned in 1921 to accept the managership of the machinery de- partment of the Far East Trading Company in Shanghai. He subsequently went to the Fengtien Mining Administiration as chief mining engineer at the Pataohao Coal Mine.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
207
Mr. Chow Pei-Chen
mum.
Mr. Chow Pei Chen was born in Nanzing, Chekiang, in 1883. In 1901, he passed successfully the civil examination. Afcer the Boxer Rebellion, he took up a business career but when the reform movement spread over China, he joined Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Democratic Party. At the time of the revolution he was one of the strong advocates of the republican form of government and devoted much of his time in maintaining the peace of Kiangsu and Chekiang. In 1917, he was appointed president of the Bur- eau of Governmental Properties of Chekiang. He resigned his post the following year, and in 1919, organized with some prominent merchants of Shanghai the Chartered Stock & Produc3 Exchange, which was then a new
208 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
enterprise in China and of which he is still one of the managing directors. The next year, he was elected a member of the committee of the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce. In 1923, he was appointed Vice-President of the Board of Finance of the Kuomingtang Party. He is a liberal sup- porter of charitable organization and public works <and in politics has always been a loyal supporter of Dr. Sun. He has done much to spread the doctrine of democracy.
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WHO'S WHO IN CAINH
209
Mr. Peter S. Jowe
m ^ i^
(Chou Pei-te)
Mr. Peter S. Jowe was born in Hankow in 1898 and received his primary education in St. John's Primary School of the American Church Mission, in which institution he continued his higher education unfilthe higher school period, attending St. Paul's School, Cathedral Choir School and the Middle School of Boone University. He left Boone University to join Nanyang Collegfe in Shanghai, where he completed the academical
210 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
course of arts. Later he took the civil engineering course, which he gave up on account of his inclination toward literature and journalism. While in college, he devoted much time to the study of English literature. In 1918 he began his career by contributing articles to reading magazines and newspapers in Shanghai and editing the college paper at the same time. In the early spring of 1919 he returned to Hankow, where he was appointed contributing editor for Central China for the China Weekly Review then known as Millard's Review. A few months later, he received the appointment as special correspondent of The China Press, Shanghai. During the 1920 Anfu-Chihli war, Mr. Jowe was responsible for all the reports of the war in his territory, being also the first to wire the opening of the war to Shanghai. In the same year, Mr. Jowe assisted the local Y. M. C. A. in organizing their educational work, and became headmaster, of their School of Commerce and Finance. The next year, 1921, he was appointed Hankow correspondent of the North China Star, The Peking Leader and for a time. The Shanghai Times. Later, he was appointed by the Chung Mei News Agency as their staff correspondent in the inte-rior. Later he organized the Independent News Service, which has become to- day a very influential and important organization supplying news from Hankow and the interior to the outside world through a chain of import- ant newspapers, including The China Press, The Peking Leader, the Peking Daily News. The Far Eastern Times, the North China Standard, The In- dependent News and the North China Star. In the spring of 1923, hie started the Independent News, a daily and Sunday newspaper in Hankow. The paper was started practically as a personal enterprise by Mr. Jowe, who at the beginning could interest only a very limited number of per- sons with his newspaper scheme. In spite of many difficulties the paper has proved to be a successful venture. It is his hope now to still further improve and enlarge the paper. Mr. Jowe is also proprietor of the Chung Mei Advertising Agency, the pioneer organization of its kind in Hankow. This he started in 1919 and is now handling the advertising account of many important advertisers in China. He is now a member of the Crystal Club, a union of twelve formed along the line of a Rotary Club. He has been adviser to Tuchun Hsiao Yao-nan of Hupeh, who is concurrently High Inspecting Commissioner of Hupeh and Hunan.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
211
Mr. Chou Shu-mu
^ ^^ ^ ^ m
Mr. Chou Shu-mu, was born at Tienmen Hsien, Hupeh in 1868. In 1889 Mr, Chou successfully passed the Metropolitan Examinations and ob- tained the title of Metropolitan Graduate and shortly afterwards was made a Hanlin. At the beginning of 1900, Mr. Chou was appointed literary. ex- aminer to Shansi. Later he was sent to Kwangtung in the same capacity. Appreciative of the service which Mr. Chow had rendered, Chang Chih- tung, Viceroy of Hupeh, extended to him an invitation to bs a professor of the Lianghu College. Latar Mr. Chou was appointed a censor under the Ching government. In 1907, following Mr. Chou's trip abroad studying constitutional governments, he was appointed Commissioner of Public In- struction for Kiangsu. Toward the end of the year Mr. Chou was transferred to Mukden at the request of Hsu Shih-chang, who was then Viceroy of the
212 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Three Eastern Provinces. Mr. Chou then became the senior assistant of President Hsu whereas former Prime Minister Chien Nun-hsiung was the junior assistant. The first thing which Mr. Chou did was to alleviate the suffering of the people in Fengtien caused by the Russo-Japanese War which was just over. One year after his arrival the administration of Fengtien was re-established and the suffering of the people greatly reduced. Then he was appointed Governor of Heilungkiang. After the establishment of the Republic in 1912, Mr. Chou retired into private life. Upon the request of Yuan Shih-kai he accepted the position of President of the Administrative Court which he held twice, first from May 1914 to October 1915 and then President of the Commission for the Punishment of High Civil Officials. He retired to private life in 1921. In November 1922 he was conferred by President Li Yuan-hung the First Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. Mr. Chou is the author of "Memorials of Heilung-kiang," "Poems of Siu Kou Tsai," and several other literary works.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
213
Mr. Chow T«o-ming
^ f ^ S ^ f^ S
Mr. Chow Tso-ming, was born at Huaian Hsien Kiangsu, in 1882. He studied at the Nanyang College of Shanghai, and then went to Japan to pursue higher studies. After his graduation in Japan, he returned to China and joined the Ministry of Finance, where his promotion W£S steady. At last, he became Chief of the Treasury Department in the Ministry. In 1916 he joined the Bank of Communications and served that bank in vari- ous capacities. In 1918, the Kincheng Banking Corporation with a total capitalization of $5,000,003 was organized, and he was elected managing director of the institution. He is still holding the position. In November
1919, Mr. Chow was decorated with the 2nd Order of Chiaho; in January
1920, the 2nd Order of Paokuang Chiaho; and in August 1921, the 2nd Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In July 1922, Mr. Chow was appointed a
214 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
member of the All China Finance Discussion Conference. In 1923, the Kin- cheng Banking Corporation, the Salt Industry Bank the Bank of Chinese and Oveerseas, and the Continental Bank formed a Four Bank Savings Syndicate with headquarters in Peking and branch offices in all important cities. For this new enterprise, Mr. Chow was responsible.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
215
Mr. Bin Yuan Chu, B. S., M. A.
Mi*. Bin Yuan Chu was born in 1894, in Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province. Ho received his elementary education from the Minteh Primary and Middle schools promoted by the General Woong Hsin, a noted leader of the first revolution. In 1910, he was sent by the provincial government, after a competitive examination, to study in the then newly founded Tsing Hua College. When the Revolution broke out, Chu returned to Changsha, and for some time was student at the Yale College. Lat-er, he rejoined Tsing Hua, and was sent by that institution in 1916 to study finance arid banking in America. He first attended Wesleyan University, Middleton, Conn., from which he received the degree of Bachelor of Science in 1918. After his graduation, he joined the banking firm, of Brown Bros, & Co., New York, as a member of the foreign department. During the same time, he. took many business courses in the evening school of New York University
216 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
at Wall Street. He helped to organize the Chinese Students' Banking Club of which he was one time sesretary, and later president. He was also made circulation manager of the Chinese Students' Quarterly, published in America. In the fall of 1919, Mr. Chu joined Columbia University, taking post-graduate work in the School of Business and in the Department of Social Sciences, from which he obtained the degree of "Master of Arts in 1920. The subject of his thesis was, "'Investment Banking in the United States." During that year, he was successful competitor in the essay con- tests held by the American Asiatic Association and the Chinese Educational Mission. On both occasions, he secured the first prize. The subjects of his essays were "Plans and Possil3ilities for Currency Reforms in China," and "Advantages for the Investment of American Capital in China." Mr. Chu joined the Wah Chang Trading Corporation in New York, shortly after his post-graduate work in Columbia. In 1921, he was sent to the Shanghai office of the same company as assistant secretary. Later in the year, he joined the Shanghai branch of the Industrial and Commercial Bank, Ltd., as assistant managei^ In 1923, he was transferred to the head office of the bank as secretary. In 1924, he resigned from the bank to be- come Professor of Economics and Commercial Sciences ,in Tsing Hua Col- lege. Mr. Chu has contributed to the China Weekly Review having written an article based on his experience in banking entitled "Some Asip.3cts of Foreign Exchange and Silver" as appeared in issues of the Review, Volume XXIX, No. 3 to 13.
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217
Mr. Chu Chi-chien,
^ Bi. ^
Chu Chi-chien is a native of Kweichow. In the Tsing dynasty he re- ceived the degree of M. A. through competitive Chinesa examinations. After having held various government offices, Mr. Chu was appointed to assist in the management of educational affairs for the Capital. In 1904 he was appointed Superintendent of Peking Inner Police. In 1907 the present President, Hsu Shih-chang, was appointed Viceroy of Manchuria, and soon after the appointment, he recommended to the Throne that Chu Chi-chien be given the office of Director-General of Mongolian Affairs. The Throne approved of the recommendation and gave him' a handsome month- ly salary. Later. Hsu Shih-chang sent Mr. Chu abroad to study the problems of colonization in order that he might be of assistance in colonizing Man-
218 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
churia. Upon his return, Mr. Chu was engaged by a Viceroy of Manchuria as his adviser. On account of his disagreement with General Tien Liang, a member of the Government Council, he returned to Peking and was sub- sequently appointed director of one section of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway in 1909. Chu Chi-chien was taken into the confidence of the late President Yuan Shih-kai uponn the recommendation of Hsu Shih-chang. In July of 1912, he was therefore, appointed Minister of Communications when Lu Cheng-hsiang was Prime Minister. He retained this office after Chao Ping- chun had succeeded Premier Lu. In July of 1913, when the second re- volution was at its height, Mr. Chu was appoint3d Acting Prime Min,- ister, but he did not accept the post on account of political inexpedien- cy. On September 11 of the same year, when' the^ revolution was sup- pressed, he became Minister of the Interior, which position he held for almost two years. In the winter of 1915, Yuan Shihvkai started the move- ment to make himself Emperor, and Chu Chi-chien played an important part in the movement. Upon the death of Yuan Shih-kai after the failure of his movement, Mr. Chu resigned the office of Minister of Interior, and was ordered to be arrested on account of his connection with the imperialistic President. He retired to Tientsin^ In the eummer of 1918, the new parliament was convoked, and Chu Chi-chien was elected Vice-Speaker of the Senate. A few days before this event, the government issued a mandate pardoning those who were associated with the Yuan Shih-kai monarchical movement. However, Mr. Chu declined the honor, and a few months later a new Vice-Speaker of the Senate was elected. Chu Chi-chien has was appointed Chief of the Northern peace delegation to the Chinese peace conference. He has the confidence of the people generally and is considered a powerful leadier of the Chaotung clique or Comm^unications Party.
v$5
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219
Mr. Chu Ch'i
Mr. Chu Ch'i was born at Naiihaihsien, Kwangtung in 1858. He studied under Chen Lan-pu, a famous scholar at that time. At the age of 21, Mr. Chu became a Licentiate by compstitive examinations. Nine years later, he became a Provincial Graduate. In 1899, Mr. Chu gave up teaching and established the Ling Hsueh Monthly. In 1900 he started the Ling Hai Daily News. In 1901 he organized the Tung Hu Daily News, In 1903 he went to Tsingtao and started the Kiaochow Daily News. In 1904 he went to Peking and organized the Peking Jih Pao, the oldest
220 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Chinese newspaper in Peking. The Shun Tien Shih Pao, a Japanese daily in the Capitol, was established about the same time. In 1907, Mr. Chu founded the English Peking Daily News. In the last days of the Ching Dynasty a press association was founded and Mr. Chu was elected chair- man of the association which position he held until the first year of the Republic when he was relieved by .Mr. Wang Chien-chai. In May 1921, the National Press Association met at Peking and Mr. Chu was elected chief secretary of the association. Besides being a prominent journalist, Mr. Chu is a scholar of no mean attainment. At the time when Yuan Shih-kai was Viceroy of Pei Yang, an offer of a political position was made to Mr. Chu, but was declined. Late Mr. Chao Ping-chun, former Prime Minister and one of Yuan's truatad lieutenants, was a pupil of Mr. Chu. Mr. Chu is still the editor of the Peking Jih Pao.
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221
Mr. Chu Hsing-yuan
Mr. Chu Hsing-yuan was born at Tahsin Hsien, .Metropolitan District, in 1880. He received thorough education in Chinese and was a graduate of the Peking Imperial University with the degree of Chu-jen, equivalent to M. A. After his graduation, Mr. Chu went to Japan where he studied for two years in the Chung Yin Academy. Upon his return to China, he was appointed Councillor of the Board of Foreign Affairs. At the same time he taught in the Academy of High Learning for Metropolitan Grad- uates (Chin..-shih or Ph. D.); the Academy for Civil Officials; the Peking Imperial University; and the School for Translation. In August 1912 Mr. Chu was appointed junior secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In September 1913 he was promoted to be senior secretary of the same Ministry. In October the late President Yuan awarded him the Third Order of Chiaho. In December 1913 he was appointed First Secretary to the Chinese Legation at Washington D. C. Before proceeding to Washing- ton to assume office, Mr. Chu travelled extensively in Europe. In July
222 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
1918 Mr. Chu was again appointed secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and to act concurrently as Councillor of the Ministry. In August
1919 he was appointed a member of the Commission to supervise the Ex- amination for Diplomatic and Consular Officials. In the same month he was appointed Secretary to the Ministry of Communications. In January 1920, Mr. Chu was awarded the Second Order of Wenfu.. In October 1920 he was appointed Commissioner of Foreign Affairs for Chihli with head- quarters at Tientsin to succeed Huang Yung-liang who was then appointed to be Chinese Minister to Vienna. This position Mr. Chu is still holding. In February 1921 Mr. Chu was conferred the Second Order of Chiaho and in October 1922, the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho.
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223
Mr. Co Ching Chu
^ ^ ti
(Chu K'e-Chen
Dr. Co Ching Chu, was born in Shao-hsin Chekiang, in 1890. He at- tended Ching Chong School, Shanghai, in 1908-1907, Middle School of Fut'an College in 1907-1908, and Tangshan Engineering College in 1909- 1910. After finishing the freshman year in Tangshan Engineering College, he went to America on a Boxer Indemnity Scholarship during the summer of 1910 and entered the University of Illinois in the autumn of 1910, tak- ing the degree of B. S. from the latter University in 1913. He was awarded the Emerson Scohlarship at Harvard University in 1917. He received the degree of Ph. D. from the Department of Geology and Geography of Harvard University in 1918, his graduate thesis being on "The Typhoons of the Pacific Ocean." Upon returning to China he was appointad lecturer on Meteorology and Physical Geography in the Government Teachers' College of Wuchang during the academic years 1918-1919 and 1919-1920 and the next year lecturer on Climatology and Meteorology in the Natonal South- eastern University (formerly Government Teachers' College of Nanking) and head of the Department of Geology and Geography since 1921. He is a member of the Board of Directors of the Science Soeidfcy of China, Fellow of the American Geographical Society (elected 1917), member of the Geological Society of China, co-translator of Prof. A. J. Thomson's
224 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
"Outline of Science" (Commercial Press, Shanghai 1923), author of Rain- fall Distribution in China Monthly Weather Review, Washington D. C, 1916), "Chinese Contribution to Meteorology" (Geographical Review, New York City, 1917), "Meteorology" (popular series, Commercial Press 1923), and several other articles on meteorology, geography and allied subjects.
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225
Mr. Chu Pao-San
Mr. Chu Pao-san, is rightly called the veteran merchant of Shanghai, having been in business in Shanghai for more than 60 years. Was born in 1847 in the city of Tinghai, Chekiang, Mr. Chu indeed has had a most varied and interesting commercial life, serving as the head even today of many industrial enterprises. As chairman of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, Shanghai he enjoyed the confidence of all Chinese and foreigners in the community on account of his spirit of public ser- vice and keen sense for justice. He also served for sometime as the Vice-Chairman of the National Association of Chambers of Commerce.
226 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
In banking, he promoted the Commercial Bank of China, the Ningpo Commercial Bank, Ltd., the Chekiang Industrial Bank, Ltd., and the Chung Hwa Commercial and Savings Bank. In insurance, he was organizer of the Wah An Fire and Marine Insurance Co., Ltd., the Wah Sing In- surance Co., Ltd., and the China United Assurance Society, Ltd. In min- ing, Mr. Chu is directing the Liu Kiang and Chang Hsin Mining com- panies. In electric works, he has considerable interests in the Shanghai Nantao Tramway Co., Ltd., the Ting Hai Electric Construction Company and the Chousan Electric Company. In navigation, Mr. Chu is director of the Chousan Steam Navigation Co., the Yung An Steamship Company, the Yung Lee Shipping Company and the Chang Ho Navigation Company. Besides these Mr. Chu organized the Lung Chang Paper Mill, the Ta Yu Factory, the Ta Tah Steamship Company, the Nantao Water Works, the Shanghai Cement Company, the Li Dah and Chung Hsin Flour Mills, the Shanghai Silk Manufacturing Co., the Sin Wan Pao, Ltd., the First Woolen Goods Factory, the Ho Hsin Iron Foundry, the Ho Fung Cotton Mill, Ningpo, and others. Educationally, he is trustee for the Shanghai Com- mercial School, the Tung Chi Medical and Engineering College, the Ting Hai School, the Sheng Yi School m Tinghai and the Yi Chi School of Ningpo. In philanthropic and public enterprises, he is director of the Union Club, the Chinese Red Cross Society, the Ningpo Guild, the Ting Hai Guild, the Door of Hope, the Kwang Yi, Jen Chi and Wei Chung Benevolent Institutes, the Ningpo Hospital, the Kwang Chi Hospital, the Tung Chi Hospital, the Shanghai Summer Disease Hospital, the Woosung Quarantine Hospital, the Shanghai Kung Li Hospital, the Shanghai Or- phanage, the Hsin Pu Yi Tang, the Pu Yi Industrial Home, the Anti-Kid- napping Society, the Tung Yi and Liengyi Philanthropic Institutes, the Bureau for the Cheap Sale of Rice and the International Famine Relief Committee.
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227
Dr. Jennings P. Chu
(Chu Pin-k'uel)
Mr. Jennings Pinkwei Chu. was bora in 1895, at Chia-shan, Chekiang, China. In 1911, he entered Tsing Hua College, Peking, where he graduated in 1916. He was then 'sent to the United States, entering John Hopkins University from which he received his A. B. degree in 1918. He took one year of graduate work in education there in 1918-19. From 1919-22, he was transferred to Teachers College, Columbia University, specializing in educational statistics and educational administration. From Columbia he received his A. M. degree in 1920 and his Ph. D. degree in 1922. He was appointed Research Scholar of Teachers College 1921-22, appointed lecturer
228 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
in Chinese in New York University for two years^ 1920-22; became a member of the Kappa Delta Pi National Educational Fraternity in America in 1922; was elected President of the Tsing Hua Alumiii Association in America 1920-21. In the summer of 1922, he took an extensive trip to Europe where he conducted an investigation of the new educational condi- tions in the continental countries. Upon his return to China, he was appointed Professor of Education at the National Southeastern University, Nanking, and Dean of the Kiangsu First Girls Normal School, He was immediately promoted to the Assistant and Acting Dean of the Colleg'ie of Education of the same University. He is now Director of the Instruction Department, Director of the Summer School and Professor of Education of the National Southeastern University and also Dean of the Kiangsu First Girls Normal School. He has written the following two books: Chinese Students in America; Qualities Associated With Their Success, published by Columbia University, No. 127 of the Columbia University Contributions to Education and Some Statistical and Measurement Terms Standarized in Chinese, published by the Commercial Press, Shanghai.
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229
'^'•' Mr. Chu Shao-hsin
Mr, Chu Shao-hsin was born at Hua Hsien, Kuangtung province, in 1880. In his youth he was educated in the Chinese classics by his father and his uncle who both enjoyed high repute as distinguished writers. In 1896 he attended the prefectural competitive examinations and obtained the literary degree of Hsiu ts'ai or Licentiate. In 1897 he became a lin-sheng or salaried licentiate and was then admitted as a scholar to the Kuang Ya College, Canton, where he became an instructor in literature. From 1903 to 1907 Mr. Chu attended the Imperial Univer-
230 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
sity of Peking where he received the literary degree of Chujen or pro- vincial graduate (equivalent to M. A. in western schools). In February 1908 Mr. Chu was sent to America by the board of Education to pursue advanced studies and also to open a Chinese public school in New York City. For three years he studied commerce and finance at New York University and later took post-graduate courses in Political Science and Law at Columbia University where he was graduated in 1911 with the degree of B. S. C. In 1912 he obtained the degree of M. A. Mr. Chu returned to China in December 1912 and at first joined the Government University of Peking, as Professor in Economics. Later he was appointed Secretary and Political Councillor to the President's Office under Yuan Shih-kai. In April 1913 the First Parliament was inaugurated in Peking and Mr. Chu was a Senator representing Chinese Overseas. He served with distinction on the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Senate and was also a member of the Constitutional Drafting Committee which held its ses- sions in the Temple of Heaven. He was a member of the Kuomingtang party. After the dissolution of Parliamently Yuan Shih-kai in January 1914 he was appointed the Mixed Court magistrate of Kulongsu in Amoy, Fukien province. This position he later resigned to return to Peking to practise law where he was elected by the Peking Lawyers' Association as its vice- president. When the first parliament was reconvoked by President Li Yuan- hung in June 1916 Mr. Chu again served as senator until June 1917 when it was again dissolved. Mr. Chu was then appointed Commissioner of Foreign Affairs for Kiangsu Province. There he came in touch with the late General Feng Kuo-chang, then the Vice-President with headquarters at Nanking. In August 1917 Feng Kuo-chang assumed the Presidency and asked Mr. Chu to join him as English Secretary. Mr. Chu was appointed Consul-General in San Francisco in 1918 and served until February 1921, when he was transferred to the Chinese Legation in London as First Secretary and Counoilto. In May 1920 Mr. Chu was awarded the Third Order of Paokuang Chiaho. During the absence of Dr. Wellington Koo, the Minister to London who attended the Assembly of the League of Nations in Geneva and the Washington Conference and then returned to China on leave and subsequently became Minister for Foreign Affairs at Peking. Mr. Chu also acted as Charge d'Affaires to the Court of St. James. In February 1922 Mr. Chu was appointed to represent China on the Opium; .^dvis-ory Committee, constituted under the League of Nations. In September 1922 he attended the Third Assembly of the League of Natfons as China's de- legate-substitute. In October 1922 he was awarded the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho. In July 1923, Mr. Chu was given the rank of Envoy Ex- traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. He is still Chinese Charge d'Affaires at London.
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231
Mr. Chu Shen
Mr. Chu Shen was born at Yungchingihsien, Chihli in 1830. Mr. Chu, after having completed his studies in Chinese schools in Tientsin and Peking went to Japan and studied law in Tokyo University where he graduated with the degree of L. L. B. Upon his return to China, Mr. Chu practised law. His public career, however, commenced in August of 1912 when he was appointed Acting Chief Procurator of the Local Pro- curatorate in Peking. In November 1913, Mr. Chu was appointed Chief Procurator the Metropolitan High Procuratorata. Later he became a mem- ber of the Chief Procuratorate which is attached to the Supreme Court. In November 1915, he was promoted to be chief of the Chief Procuratorate. In September 1917, Mr. Chu was appointed Minister of Justice. He was
232 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
concurrently appointed Minister of the Interior in June 1919 upon the resignation of Chien Nun-hsun from the Ministry and the Premiership. In December 1920 he was relieved of the concurrent post. Mr, Chu was a strong supporter of the Anfu Clique. After the resignation of Mr. Chien as Premier, his party nominated him for the premiership. But the no- mination was objected to by the President and the anti-Anfu factions and it was therefore not submitted to Parliament for approval. In July 1920, after the downfall of Anfu as a result of Chihli-Anfu strife, all the Anfu members in the Cabinet were dismissed, including Mr. Chu. In the same month he was deprived of all honors and offices that he had hitherto received and ordered to be arrested for trial. He fled to the legation for quite a long time and later escaped to Tientsin. He was pardoned in December 1923 and now he is a resident in Tientsin.
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^3
Mr* Chu Ta-ch'un
(Chai Laifong)
Mr. Chai Lai-Pong was born in Wusih in 1855. He came to Shanghai in 1872 and in course of time established the Yueng Chong Company., trading in coal and other minerals. The enterprise proving very success- ful, he directed his attention to shipping and operated a number of steamers between Shanghai, Singapore, Japan and ports on the China coast. With the profits made in these ventures, Mr. Chai made big investments in mills, among which may be mentioned the Yuen Chong Silk Filature established in 1895, the Wah Shing Flour Mill with a capital of Tls. 300,000, half of which was subscribed by himself, the Yuen Chong Rice Mill, est- ablished in 1888 and later amalgamated with the Shanghai Rice Mill, and
234 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the Kung Yih Cotton Mill with 182,000 spindles and capitalised at S1,000, 000 of which Mr. Chai owns two-thirds. Mr. Chai has also inveested heavily in land and buildings, holding' shares in many commercial enterprises and banks. He is compradore for boeh Jardine, Matheson and Co. and the Shanghai Electric Construction Company. He is a member of the Shanghai Paper and Oil Mills, chairman of the Wusih Chamber of Commerce, and Director of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, Shanghai.
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235
Mr* Ponson C. Chu
* ^ ^ '# 1$ ^ (Chu Szu-fei)
Mr. Ponson C. Chu was born at Shanghai in 1885. He received his college education at the St. John's University where he stayed from 1897 to 1904. In September 1904 Mr. Chu went to America as a privately sup- ported student. He prepared for college at the Central High School, Wash- ington, D. C, 1904-5. In 1905 he entered the Yale University studying Political Science and Law. During 1907-8, he was president of the Yale Chinese Students' Club, Secretary of the Cosmpoplitan Club and manager of the Chinese Students' Monthly. In 1909 he graduated with the degree of B. A. Mr. Chu returned to China in September 1909 by way of Europe In 1910 he passed the Examination for Returned Students held by the Imperial Board of Education and the degree of Chu-jen or Provincial Graduate (equivalent to M. A.) was given to him by the Imperial govern-
23(^ WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
ment. In May 1911, he attended the Imperial Court Examination for Civil Officials. By an Imperial Edict, he was appointed Senior Secretar}' of the Board of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce. From this position he resigned in October 1911 when the First Revolution broke out at Wu- chang. Mr. Chu returned to Shanghai and was appointed Chief of the Educational Department of the Chapei Municipal Council and later elect- ed Alderman of the Second Ward of Chapei District. These positions he held until 1912, In 1913, upon application to the Ministry of Justice, Mr. Chu was licensed to practise law. Ever since that time he has been a popular Legal Practitioner in Shanghai. His address is Nanling Lee, Rain- ing Rood, Shanghai.
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237
Mr. Chu Yu-chi
^^ m ^i^ ^
Mr. Chu Yu-chi was born at Paoshan Hsien, Kiangsu, in 1886. His father, the late Chu Chih-chao, assisted Li Hung-chang in founding the China Merchants Navigation Company, in establishing telegraphic com- munication between China and Korea, and in opening the Kaip'ing. and Pingchuan Mines. The initiation of the building of the Shanghai-Woosung Railway was also his. When his father was in the North as the Yung Ting Ho Taotai and Director General of the North China Telegraph Administra- tion, Mr. Chu was with him serving as private secretary. In 1906 Mr. Chu joined the secretariat of General Chiang Kuei-ti who was then the Commander-in-Chief of the I Chun Troops. At the outbreak of the First
238 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Revolution in 1911, Mr. Chu was in Taiyuan Fu, Shensi where he was visit- ing a relative who was the magistrate, where they were besieged by iting a relative who was the mag'istrate, where they were besieged by bandits. Mr. Chu happened to be inside that city, volunteered his services to organize a volunteer corps for the defence of the city and finally saved the city. In 1914, Mr. Chu became Chief of the Kuan Kang Salt Tran- sportation Office in Shantung. During 1915-16 he was Director of the Chuang Ho Salt Taxation Bureau, in Fengtien Province. In 1917 Mr. Chu was appointed Director of the Provincial Stamp Tax Bureau of Kirin. While in that province, he started several large lumber producing com- panies with joint Sino-Japanese capitals at work in the forests of that pro- vince. Among these may be mentioned the Hailing and the Ching-yun. In 192G Mr. Chu was transferred to the Ministry of Finance in Peking where he served in different capacities. In 1921 he was given a concurrent position in the Ministry of War. In September 1923 Mr. Chu was appointed Director of the Shanghai Mint which position he is still holding. Follow- ing this appointment he served twice as Chief of the General Affairs Department of the Ministry of Finance during the period when the Cabinet was performing the functions of the President.
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239
Dr. Y Y. Tsu
(Chu Yu-yu)
Dr. Y. Y. Tsu was born at Shanghai in December 1887. He studied at St. John's. In college he was a prominent student and athlete. He was also editor of the college publications, the Echo and the Dragon. In 1907, Dr. Tsu graduated from the institution and received the degree of A. B. After teaching in his alma mater for two years, he sailed for the United States in the summer of 1909 for advanced study. He entered the General Theological Seminary in New York City, specializing in soci- ology. Later he joined Columbia University, receiving the degrees of M. A. and Ph. D. Dr. Tsu returned to China in August 1912 by way of Europe and Siberia,, and has since been engaged in educational work as
240 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Professor of Sociology of the St. John's University, Shanghai. Dr. Tsu is connected with many public organizations and holds several offices, including chairman, Boy Scout Association of Shanghai; chairman, St. John's University Alumni Association, Shanghai branch; Chinese secretary, American University Club; member editorial board of the Chinese Recorder; publication committee of the Christian Literature Society of China, Na- tional Committee, Y. M. C. A., China Continuation Committee and member of the directorate of the World's Chinese Students' Federation. Dr. Tsu is the author of several books both in English and in Chinese. He wrote the Sprit of Philanthropy, (in English) and translated George' Hodges Saints and Heroes. He has contributed to magazines on sociological subjects, such as "Confucian Idea of God," "Eugenics," "Native Charities of Shanghai," etc.
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241
Mr. Chu Yung-kuang
M B^ ^ '-# 5: ^
Mr. Ch'u Ying-kuang was born at Linghai Hsien, Chekiang Province, in 1881. He graduated from the Ch'ili Cheng Institute and was engaged as a teacher. Later he became president of the Commercial School at T'ai Chow, Chekiang. Still later Mr. Ch'u became teacher of the Military Survey School in Anhui. In 1912 Mr. Ch'u was appointed Advisor to the Fifth Division of the Provincial Army of Chekiang after having taken a prominent part in the first Revolution in October 1911. In August 1912 he was appointed Director in charge of the Civil Affairs Department of his native province. In September 1913 Mr. Ch'u beecame acting Chief Civil Administrator of Chekiang. In May 1914 he became Hsun An hih, new name for the Civil Head of a province. The late President Yuan
242 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
had much confidence in Mr. Ch'u who was also well liked by the Kuo- mingtang people at the same time. In December 1915 when Yuan Shih-kai practically made himself Emperor of China, he conferred upon him the rank of Count of the First Order. In April 1916 Chekiang declared independence of Peking as a protest against Yuan's monarchical movement.. Mr. Ch'u sided with the people although he was after a few days appointed by Pek- ing to be concurrently acting 'director of Military Affairs of Chekiang. Mr. Ch'u resigned from the Shantung posts in July 1916 and went to Peking when he promoted the Sino-American Association. In July 1919 Mr. Ch'u was appointed acting Civil Governor of Shantung. In March 1920 he Avas conferred the Third Order of Merit. A Presidential Mandate dated June 24, 1920 ordered his removal from the Shantung governship. Another Mandate was issued on August 8, 1920 ordering him to leave the post for his Suc- cessor and go to Peking. In October 1922 Mr. Ch'u was decorated with the First Order of Wenfu. He has been a resident in Tientsin since leaving Shantung.
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243
Mr. Ch'uan Liang
Mr. Ch'uan Liang was born at Wuchang, Hupeh in 1875. After hav- ing studied in Chinese schools he went to Japan for a foreign education. He graduated from the Commercial College at Tokyo and returned to China shortly afterwards. He received the degree of A. M. after suc- cessfully passing the examinations. He joined the government service and was given the rank of expectant clerk. Later he was appointed In- dustrial Adviser to the Viceroy of Hupeh. He started the Commercial College of Hupeh of which he subsequently became director. Later he was trransferred to the Peking Government University and became director of its commercial department. Among the other official posts he held were the second class sectional member of the Board of Communications and the second class sectional chief of the Railway Traffic Department. Toward the end of the Manchu government, he was transferred to the Board of Interior and Commerce and was appointed a Secretary. After the establishment of the Republic, Mr. Ch'uan continued holding the position in the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce (formerly Board of
244 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Industry and Commerce). A year later he was transferred to the Ministry of Communications where he became officiating Counsellor and Acting Dir- ector of the Railway Department. On May 26, 1916 Mr. Ch'uan was order- ed to take charge of the Ministry and on June 16, he was appointed acting Vice-Minister of Communications. In October 1916 he was relieved of the acting post and returned to the Councillor post again. From April 1917 to July 1917 Mr. Ch'uan was Vice-Minister of Communications. Durir^g the month of May he was acting, for the Minislbar of Com.munications. After his resignation from the Vice-Ministership, he was at once appointed Director of the Kir in-Huining Railway which position he held only for a few months. In January 1919 Mr. Ch'uan was appointed Director-General of the Kirin-Huining Railway and concurrently the managing director of the Kirin-Changchun Railway and was in the same month decorated by the Second Order of Paokuang Chiaho. In January 1920 Mr. Ch'uan was awarded the Second Order of Wenhu and in February, the Second Order of Tashou Paokuang. In July 1920, immediately after the Chihli-Anfu War he was appointed acting Vice- Minister of Communications and dir- ector-general of Government Railways. He was also' ordered to dis- charge the functions of the Minister. In August 1920 Yen Kung-ch'ao became Minister and Mr. Ch'uan handed over the office. He was at the same time relieved of the Vice-Ministership and ordered to return to Kirin-Huining and Kirin-Changchun posts. In November 1920 he was charged with having misappropriated $100,000 out of the railway con- struction fund. He was summoned before the Peking Court to answer the charge. The case however resulted ii. the finding of Mr. Ch'uan be- ing not guilty and he was soon reinstated to the position of director- general of Kirin Huining Railway. In May 1921 Mr. Ch'uan was remov- ed from the Kirin-Huining post. In March 1922 he was appointed an executive member of the Commission on the Problems of Communications in connection with the Retrocession of Shantung. In May 1922, after the downfall of the Communications Clique. Mr. Ch'uan was again appointed Director-General of the Kirin-Huining Railway and to hold concurrently the post of Acting Minister of Communications. A week later h.6 was re- lieved from the latter position and has been Director-General of the Kirin- Huining Railway ever since that time.
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245
Dr. Ch'uan S. H. Chuan
^ $a it ^ ^ f A
Ch'uan Shao Ching
Dr. Chuan Shao-ching was born at Wanpinghsien, Chihli in 1884. He studied medicine at the Peiyang Medical College, Tientsin, where he grad- uated in 1904. In 1905 Dr. Ch'uan was attached to the Chinese Im- perial Mission to Tibet as a doctor. Ho accompanied the same mission to India. Returning to China he became professor of anatomy and medicine at the Peiyang Medical College. He remained with that college until 1910, and in 1911 played a prominent part in the campaign against the plague in North Manchuria. Dr. Chuan went to America and spent one year at John Hopkins University in 1912, and spent another year at the sanitary school at Harvard University. While studying in America, he
246 WHO S WHO IN CHINA
was appointed by the Chinesa government to attend the Congress of In- ternational Red Cross in 1912, and the International Congress of Medi- ?ine in London in 1913. Returning to China after the London Congress Dr. Chuan was again appointed Proff-ssor of Medicine at the Peiyang Mfdical College. Later he became Surgeon-General of the Chinese Army and director of the Army Medical College. Since 1914 he has been holding both positions concurrently. During General Chang Hsun's monarchical movement in 1917, he was councillor to the Ministry of War, and was at- tached to Marshal Tuan's army as a secretary. In 1918 Dr. Ch'uan was sent to Suiyuan to fight the plague and fought it successfully. In March 1920 he was conferred the Second Order of Chiaho. In April 1921 he was ap- pointed by the government as special delegate to the International Con- gress of Medicine and Pharmacy to be held at Brussel, Belgium, in Sep- tember. In June 1922, Dr. Ch'uan was appointed Vice-Minister of Ed- ucation when Kao Er-hung was Acting Minister. This position he held only for a month. In July 1922 Dr. Ch'uan was awarded the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho; in January 1923, the Second Order of Tashou Paok- uang Chiaho; and in March 1923, the First Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In August 1922 Dr. Ch'uan was appointed Chief of the Metro- politan Plague Prevention Service. This position he held until April 1923. Since spring 1924 Dr. Ch'uan has been in Change of the Public Health of Tsingtao.
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247
Or. Chung Shih-ming
M ffi^ ^ M 4
Dr. Chung Shih-min^'j was born at Tientsin in 1880. He obtained his middle school education from the Tientsin Government High School which he entered in 1901. In April 1903 he was admitted to the Pel Yang Un- iversity where he studied for three years. In 1906 Dr. Chung was sent to Am- erica for higher education at government expenses. In the United States he attended Harvard University and graduated in September 1908 with the degree of B. A. He took post-graduate work in the same university and was given the degree of M. A. in IS ovember 1909. On his way back to China, by way of Siberia, he was instructed by the Chinese government to visit all the leading European countries and study their political con- ditions. In February 1910 Dr. Chung was appointed a member of the technical education department of the Chihli Educational Administration, and concurrently was professor of English in the High Industrial College
248 r WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
of Chihli, In September 1910, Dr. Chung passed the Returned Students Examinations by the then Board of Education and was awarded the degree of Doctor of Law. In January 1911, he was appointsd assistant chief of the technical education department of the Chihli Educational Administra- tion. In May he attended the Imperial Court Examination and came out the fourth of the First grade and was given the honorary degree of Han- lin as well as a post in Peking. Seeing that his service at Tientsin was indispensible, the then Viceroy of Chihli, made Dr. Chung chief of the technical educational department of the Chihli Educational Administration. In June 1912, he was appointed dean of the Chihli High Industrial College and at the same time taught law in Pei Yang Law College. In December the office of the Chihli Educational Administration was abolished and Dr. Chung accepted the offer of the Ministry of Finance to assist in the pre- liminary organization of a national salt service. In January 1913 he was appointed resident director of the Salt Gabelle which was then just or- ganized. A year later, he was awarded the Fourth Class Chia Ho de- coration in recognition of his service rendered to the Salt Administra- tion. In May 1914 he was given concurrently the post of resident director of the translation bureau of the Salt Administration. In December he was given the Third Class Chia Ho decoration. In June 1915 Dr. Chung was appointed Councillor of the Salt Administration. In April 1916 at the recommendation of the Minister of Finance, he was given the brevet rank of salt transportation commissioner. In May he was appointed sec- retary of the Salt Administration. In June 1918 he was appointed by the Salt Administration to supervise works of the Executive Department. In October 1918 Dr. Chung was awarded the Second Order of Chiaho. In November 1919, the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho. In February 1921, he reviewed the Second Order of Paokuang Chiah. In November 1921 Dr. Chung was appointed to act as vice-Minister of Finance, holding the poste of associate director of the Salt Administration and Inspector General of the Salt Inspectorate. In December 1921, the position of Vice-Minister was substantiated. In March 1922, Dr. Chung was in charge of the affair., of the Ministry of Finance. On May 26, of the same year he was dismis- sed from the financial positions which he had hitherto held. In June 1923, Dr. Chung received the appointment from General Chang Tso-lin as High Financial Advisor. In March 1924 he was appointed Commissioner of Foreign Affairs for Fengtien Province which position he is still holding.
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249
General Chang Chung-chang
^ ^ 13
From a common soldier to Fieldmarshaldom in the brief space of a few years in the remarkable record of General Chang Chung-chang, Commander of the First Fengtien Army which conquered Shanghai 'and vicinity and defeated the Chihli forces in their last stand against the Anfu-Fengtien forces early in 1925. General Chang spent his early years in Manchuria. He was born in Shangtung province in 1881. During the Russo-Japanese War, the Czarists offered him a commission in their army and he was given the rank of Captain and won a considerable reputation for his bravery and energy. When the first revolution broke out in China in 1911, he at once identified himself with the Republican cause. With the assistance of Lieut- Col. T. C. Soo, now his foreign advisor, but at that time compradore of Bryner, Konsentzoff and Co. of Siberia, he organized the first force of Manchurian troops to be despatched to Shanghai to attack the government arsenal. Six hundred men and 100 horses were shipped to the lower
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Yangtsze. They were consigned to General Li Tsung-wu, who was then in charge of the revolutionary forces at Shanghai and he led the attack against the Arsenal which was held by the loyalists. General Chang later came to Shanghai himself and served under Li as a commander of a cavalry brigade. After the establishment of the Republic, General Chang and his forces were transferred to Nanking, serving under General Lung Yu-chiu, in command of the Third Division. After the second revolution, he was stationed in Hsuchowfu to undertake the work of bandit suppression in this district, which was over run with brigand.^ and stragglers. When Lung retired, he was given command of the third division upon the recom- mendation of brother officers. In 1917, when Feng Kuo-chang went to Peking to become President, Chang was appointed his adjutant. He and General Ho Chung-lien were commissioned to Harbin, where they dis- solved the Russian White Army which had become a menace to the resid- ents. Upon his return, he was made superintendent of Military Education in the Ministry of War. In the following year, General Chang was sent to Hupeh at the head of the sixth mixed brigade on an expedition to Canton to stop the march of General Tan Yen-kai, who had occupied Hunan. His victory at Chuchow and Liling was complete. From then on, he remained in Kiangsi as a division commander. In 1922, he leftKiangisi for Manchuria. After defeating General Kao Shih-ping, who was then plotting against Marshal Chang Tso-lin at the instance of the Chihli Party, Chang succeeded him as Occupation Commissioner of Suiling, Kirin. Due to his intimate knowledge of tihe Russians, all the "white" officers and men perving under the Mukden Marshal were placed under General Chang's command. Being in command of the first army he was the first to enter Tientsin and Peking after the defeat of Wu Pei-fu in 1924 as a result of General Feng Yu-hsiang's historical coup d'etat. He was assigned duties under Marshal Lu Yung-hsiang when the latter was appointed Pacification Commissioner for Kiangsu and Anhui in December 1923. At the head of Marshal Lu's army, he came to Shanghai in less then a month along' the Tientsin-Pukow and Shanghai-Nanking Railways with little bloodshed. General Chang is popular with his officer and men, and leads them per- sonally at the front. He is reputed to be lacking in political ambition. In January 1925, he was made Field Marshal and has established his head- quarters at the towns of Hsuchowfu and Changchow in Kiangsu Province.
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Mr. Fan Yuar-lien
m jg zn ^ B? 4
Mr. Fan Yuan-lien was born Hsiangying Hsien, Hunan Provice. He attended the Shih Hu School in his native province in 1899. After his graduation he went to Japan for higher education. He attended the Normal College at Tokyo, where he specialized in teaching. Upon the com- pletion of his course, he attended the Law College and took a few short courses in jurisprudence. Upon his return to China he attracted much public attention from the Chinese educational authorities. He was invited by the Board of Education to be Counsellor. Later he bjecame Vice- President of the Tsing Hua College. In the first year of the Republic, 1912, he was appointed by President Yuan Shih-kai as secretary of the President's Office. In April of the same year, he was Vice-Minister of Education. Upon the resignation of Mr. Tsai Yuan-pei, as Minister of Education, he succeeded him. In January of 1913 Mr. Fan resigned the office of Minister of Education, and went to Shanghai to the Chung Hua Book Publishing Company. In 1916, when the Cabinet with Marrshal Tuan Chi-jui as Prime Minister was organized, Mr. Fan again joined the govern- ment serrvice and was appointed Minister of Education. A few months later he acted concurrently as Minister of the Interior. On account of the monarchical movement in 1917, all the Ministers resigned, and he alone remained for some time, because his Ministry had nothing to do with
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politics. In November 1917, he also resigned. After his resignation, Mr. Fan went to America to make educational investigations, and returned in the spring of 1920. In August 1920, General Ch'in Yung-pang, upon being made Prime Minister again, invited Mr. Fan to ba acting Minister of Education. In October 1920, he was awarded the First Order of Tashou Chiaho. In May 1921, Mr. Fan was appointed Minister of Education, in- stead of acting Minister. This portfolio he held until December 1921. In November 1922, Mr. Fan received the First Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In February 1922, he was appointed president of the Teachers' College, Peking.
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Mr. Fan Chiu-pah
:^ § ^ -ji ^ f &
(Fang Chi-fan)
Mr. Fan Chiu-pah, the popular vice-chairman of the Shanghai Chinese Greneral Chamber of Commerce who is in charge of the affairs of the chamber during the absence on sick leave of the chairman, Mr. Sung Hang- chang, was born in 1884 at Tsenghai, Chekiang, of one of the best known families. His grandfather, Mr. Fan Hsin-tsai, was one of the foremost merchants in Shanghai in the early days of the Settlement, having made, his fortune in tea and silk. His name appeared quite frequently in the historical records of the "model settlement." Mr. Fan's father, Mr. Fan Chi-ling, was a Master of Arts under the Manchu regime, being successful in passing the second series of the literary examinations, but he died at an early age. Assuming the heavy responsibilities of the chief of a big'
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family, Mr. Fan managed the affairs of the hous ahold in an excellent manner, devoting his energies and time t3 financial and banking activities in Shanghai as well as in Ningpo. When the Manchu Dynasty abolished the literary examinations and established s3hools for the education of young men, Mr. Fan subscribed over one hundred thousand dollars toward the organization of the Pei Yu School in Tsenghai. He was then 23 years old, he was appointed principal. After three years' service in this school, he became the principal of Chihai School in Ningpo, at the same time serving as member of the Educational Council of the City Administrative Council, and of the Advisory Board and as chairman of the Self-Government Society. Not satisfied with the educational qualifications, Mr. Fan took a course in law in the Cheng Chow Law School of Shanghai, from which institutioai iie graduated in 1917. Mr. Fan was also promoter of the esl^ablishment of the Ningpo Association, the Ningpo Guild, and Ningpo Hospital, of which he is still serving as director. In 1918, he was appointed manager of the Tung Lu Bank, Shanghai, serving alsD as chief of the Arbitration; Board of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce arid a director of the chamber. In 1020, Mr. Fan was appointed a member of the board of directors of the Shanghai Mint and of Shanghai Bankers' Association. In the following year, he was made a director of the Ningpo-Shaoshing Steam Navigation Co. Ltd., and of the Chinese Merchants' Stock Exchange. In 1922, he was elected vice-chairman of the Chinese Chamber and of the Chinese Ratepayers' Association. It was in Ithis year that he organized the Ta Yu Yu Oil Factory of which he is one of the directors. In 1923, Mr. Fan assumed his office as manager of the Nantao branch of -the Com- mercial Bank of China and director of the Hung An Steamship Company.
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Mr. Fei Ch'i-hao
Mr. Fei Ch'i-hao was born at Tung Hsien, the Metropolitan District, in 1879. He studied at the North China Union College, Tung Chow, and gra- duated there in 1898. After graduation Mr. Fei became a teacher in the Oberlin College, Tai-kuo Hsien, Shansi Province. Between 1899 and 1900 he was teacher of the Fen Chow Middle School, Shansi. Mr. Fei arrived in America in September 1901, with private support to study. He prepared for college at Oberlin Academy between 1902 and 1903. From 1903 to 1906 he studied Liberal Arts at the Oberlin College and graduated from it in 1906 with the degree of B. A. Then he entered Yale University and received the degree of M. A. from it in 1907, From 1907 to 1908
256 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Fei was principal of the Putung Middle School, Tientsin. From 1908 to 1911 he was president of the Chihli Provincial College, Paotingfu. In 1911 during the first Revolution which broke out in Wuchang, Mr. Fei was appointed by the provisional government to be Councillor of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. Later he became a political Councillor. In the provisional government at Nanking he w;as a Deputy of the Minister of Educatiion. In 1913 Mr. Fei became secretary of the Peking Y. M. C. A. in charge of the department of the intellectual education, which position he is still holding. Besides, he has been for many years and is still the president of the College of Economy and Commerce, Peking.
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Dr. Feng Hsi-yun
J® gS il ^ it ^
Dr. Feng Hsi-yun was born in 1885 at Tientsin, where members of his family have been prominent in wholesale trade and banking circles since the declining years of the Ming DjTiasty. After graduating from the well-known Tientsin Government Middle School and winning for himself the Chu Jen degree, he entered Peiyang University at about the same time that Ex-Premiers Wang Chung-hui and C. T. Wang were students there. The records show him to have been faithful and diligent in every duty. In 1907, having won a provincial scholarship which provided for an advanced education in one or more of the leading American institu- tions, he set sail for the United Staltes. Entering Harvard University, he won the B. A. degree in three years, and two years later thte Doctor bf Jurisprudence degree at Chicago University, in 1912. While in the United States he travelled extensively. On Dr. Feng's return to China in 1912 he was appointed prosecuting attorney in the Chihli Provincial Court and was stationed temporarily at Paotingfu. The following year he became
258 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Associate Justice of t he Chihli Supreme Court, being allocated to the Civil Bench. In 1914 he resigned from the Supreme Court to accept a Professor- .ship of Law in Peiyang Universit|y. In this position he served for five years, giving a course in comparative government, until he was invited to take the Presidency of the University, '^'ince Dr. Feng assumed office many improvements have been made in Peiyang. A large dormitory has been constructed, a radio outfit has been installed, and many other material equipments added. A Metallurgical Engineering Department, the only one of its kind in China, has been opened. By his faithfulnesa to duty, his sterling integrity, and his unfailing tact. Dr. Feng has continually growa in the estimation of .both students and faculty. He is indeed one of the best products of China's latter-day education, one of those returned students who by their works have justified the national educational program of the last twenty years.
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General Feng Yu-hsiang
jS 3E # ^ ^ 3^ .
General Feng Yu-hsiang was born at Ch'ao Hsien, Anhui province, in 1880. When he was 16 years old he joined the Peiyang Military School. Before graduation, in 1898, he left the college and enrolled himself as a private in the "Wu Wei Yu Chun." Subsequently he was appointed a Commander of a company under the Ninth Division of the Nanyang troops. While commanding, he attended the Chiang Yu Tang, or Lecture Hall for training soldiers. Later he was recommended by his superior to be a regular student of the Paoting Military Academy whence he was graduated. Marshal Wang Shih-chen and the late General Yang Shan-te, both leaders of the Peiyang Army, took great interest in General Feng and highly recommended him to Marshal Tuan Chi-jui for appointment. But this was frustrated by a commanding officer of the "I Chun" who was jealous of
260 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
him. In 1910 General Feng became commander of the Third Regiment, 10th Battalion, 5th Brigade, 3rd Division of the Imperial Army, having un- der him 500 soldiers, with station at Fangsnan Hsien, Chihli. Subsequent- ly his regiment was reorganized and became the Provost Guard Regiment of the Metropolis. The number of persons under his command was then increased to 2,000. In 1913, Yuan Shih-kai trained 10 new Mixed Brigades. General Feng's regiment was taken in, reorganized an|d beqame the 16th Mixed Brigade, composed of two battalions of infantry and one reg- iment of artilleryv In 1916 General Feng's Mixed Brigade was sent to Anhui, by Yuan Shih-kai to deferid that province from the imp-ending attack by the republican troops from the neighbering provinces which had responded to General Tsao Ao's revolt against Yuan's monarchical movement. But Yuan Shih-kai soon died and General Feng's troops were left in Anhui. As a result of the Chang Hsun's monarehi'cal attempt, Li Yuan-hung vacated the presidency and Tuan Chi-jui came into power again. This happened in July 1917. In August 1917 General Tang Chi-yao de- clared independence in Yunnan in open defiance of Tuan Chi-jui. Then came Kuangtung, Kuangsi and southern Hunan, and General Feng was ordered to proceed with his troops to Szechuan which was being threatened by attacks from Yunnan. General Feng moved his troops !first to Wu-Yueh, Hupei, on the Yangtze and then to Changte, Hunan. There he mad.? ac- quaintance with General Wu Pei-fu who had been commanding the Sixth Brigade of Marshal Tsao Kun's Third Division in Hunan.
After the Chihli-Fengtien struggle in the summer of 1920, in which General Wu Pei-fu, the responsible head of the Chihli side, came out vic- torious, and General Feng with his 16th Mixed Brigade played a very important part for Chihli, the two generals bedame very close friends. Subsequently General Feng's troops were, at the suggestion of General Wu, transferred to Honan. In June 1920 he received the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In August 1921 the late General Yen Hsiang- wen, then commander of the Second Division, was appointed Tuchun of Shensi. At the recommendation of General Wu Pei-fu, General Feng was appointed Co-Director for Military Affairs of Shensi and at the same time his Mixed Brigade was reorganized to become (the 11th Division. Upon the sudden and mysterious death of General Yen Hsiang-wen which oc- curred in the same month — August 1921 — General Feng ,was appointed Acting Tuchun of Shensi still commanding the 11th Division. While in Shensi General Feng sought a compromise with and between the different contending military leaders and finally brought that province back to peace again. In the spring of 1922 the civil war between Chihli and Mukden warlords broke out. General Wu Pei-fu transferred General Feng's troops to participate in the fight and appointed him the Commander of the Rear Defence Forces. His troops played a decisive part in this armed struggle which resulted in the victory of Chihli. In May 1922, General Feng was appointed Tuchun of Honan. In July he was made the "Yang Wu Chiang Chun" a member of the College of Marshals. In October he was conferred the second Order of Merit. On October 31, he was appointed Inspector General of the National Army with headquarters in Peking. Upon receiv-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 261
ing this appointment General Feng transferred all his troops to Peking. These troops which are estimated to be over 40,000 men strong, havQ been stationed at Nan Yuan the Imperial Hunting Park to the south of Peking. General Feng himself is also living there. In January 1923 General Feng was made a 'Full General. In April 1923 he was awarded the First Class Wenfu Decoration. In May 1923 he was appointed concurrently Director General for the Defence of the Northweatern Provinces. In November 1923 he was made "Yang Wu Shan Chiang-chuA/' a Marshal. General Feng is a Christian and so are most of his soldiers. He has been known by foreigners as the "Christian General". He became a widower in 1923 and in February 1924 he married Miss Li a secretary of the Peking Y. W. C. A. When the war broke out in September 1924, between the Chihli and Anfu-Fengtien parties, it was generally known that! Marshal Feng was opposed to the war at that time. His: argument being that the country was in no condition to finance the war, principally on account of the floods and famines oi 1923-1924. How- ever, at a military conference held in Peking and participated in by Marshal Feng, Marshals Wu Pei-fu, President Tsao Kun and other leaders of the Chihli party. General Feng was finally won over and was assigned to the job of defending the districts of Jehol, to the North ot Peking. General Feng began the movement of his troops into this district and was seriously handicapped by the lack of roads and lack of funds. Pjnallyon October 23 1924,, he suddenly turned about and returned to Pek'ing witb his army, taking complete possession of the city and making the President a prisoner. His action in this regard which has never been completely explained resulted in the defeat of Marshal Wu Pei-fu in the fiigMing in the vicinity of the Great Wall and the con^piete demoralization of the Chihli forces. At a .conference held in Tientsin between General Feng and Marshal Chang Tso-lin, Marshal Tuan Chi-jui, was induced to accept the Provisional Presidency. Late in 1924, General Feng was appointed Defence Commissioner of the Northwest Territory wb/ch position he is still holding, although it is frequently reported he desires to resign and go abroad.
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J. PInlcuet Fu
f« 3^ ^ f- a ^
(Fu Jui-haing)
Mr. J. Pinkuet Fu is a native of Chinhai, Ningpo, and is 28 years of age. Like his distinguished father (Fu Siao En), J. Pinkuet Fu is also a banker and till recently held the responsible position of chief compradoreship in the Asia Banking Corporation of Shanghai. He was educated in Nanyang '"lolltge. Shanghai, where he made excellent progress. Upon graduation lie assist- ed his father in the various lines of business that his father was then connected with, thereby gaining considerable experience. When he was
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19 years of age he was manag/ing proprietor of the Chang Dah Yuan' Hardware and Metals Company, which is one of the leading firms in its line in Slianghai. He was one of the promoters of the Shanghai Metals Association. His knowledge of the English language won for him the Advisory Secretaryship to the Director-General for the reorganization of Military Affairs in Chekiang. He has been decorated by the govern- ment with the orders of Chiaho and Wenfu. Besides his other connect- ions he is a director of the Inland Waterworks Co., Ltd., agent of the American Bank Note Co., Shanghai, and secretary of the China Merch- ants' Stean; Navigation Company.
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General Fu Liang-tso
General Fu Liang-tso was born at Kan-cheng Hsien, Hunan province. He graduated from the Japanese Military Officers' Academy in October 1904, having specialized in artillery. In 1912, the First Year of the Re- public, General Fu was made a Lieutenant- General. In the previous years he had served in the Peiyang Army under the late Yuan Shih-kai. After Yuan Shih-kai became President of China, he appointed General Fu to be Chief of the Military Affairs Bureau in the President's Office. He held this position until November 1912 'when he was appointed Tutung (Milit- ary & Civil) of the Charhar Special Area. In June 1913 General Fu was transferred to Chihli and appointed acting Occupation Commissioner of the Chi-yu District!. This posiition he held only for three months. In May 1916 General Fu was appointed Vice-Minister of War. This position he held for serveral years. The Chang Hsun's monarchical move- ment broke out in 1917. General Fu played an important part in over- throwing it for he was a close follower of Marshal Tuan Chi-iiui. Aftet
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 265
having overthrown the movement, Marshal Tuan Chi-jui became Premier again. In July 1917 General Fu was appointed Tuchun of Hunan. How- ever, owing to the opposition of the Tuchuns of other Yangtse provinces he only remained there for a few months and returned to Peking in November 1917. Owing to his being a close follower of Marshal Tuan and a prominent figure of the Anfu Party, General Fu was consider- ed by the opponent party to be one of the undesirables to be removed. During the Anfu downfall, 1920, he was imprisoned by Civil Governor Tsao of Chihli, a strong factor of the opponent party, while on a secret mis- sion Sent by Marshal Tuan Chi-jui to Tientsin. General Fu was released in May 1921 and has been residing in Tientsin ever since that time.
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Mr. Fu Tseng -hsiang
«it m ?ffl '# -?i &L
Mr. Fu was born at Chiangan Hsien, fe'zechwan Province, in 1872. He is popular among the Chinese literati. In 1898 he obtained through public examinations the Literary Degree of Hanlin. In 1903 Mr. Fu was appo'inted secretary to the late President Yuan Shih-kai, who was then Viceroy of Chihli province. During his connection for two years with the late President Yuan, he rendered much service to the promotion of
WHO'S WHO IN ACHIN 26"
modern educatiion. While acting as secretary, he also devoted part of his time to the training of the new troops under the direction of his chieif". In 1905 Mr. Fu was transferred to the Office of General Liu. the- Provincial Commander-in-chief of Kiang Pei. He assisted General Liu' in training his militia. Upon the completion of ihis work as General Liu's associate, he returned to Chihli and was soon appointed Associate Director of the Committee on Educational Affairs of Chihli. In 1906 Mr. Fu was appointed Superintendent of the Education of Women in Tientsin. The ap- •pointment was made at a time when people in the North paid no atten- tion to women's education. Under his direction, the Peiyang Normal School for Women was established;. In addition to this, he founded one high school and nine primary sshools for girls. In 1908 Mr. Fu received his imperial appointment as Commissioner of Educatiofl of Chihli province. During the summer of the same year, it was- he who called an educational conference of Chihli for the consider- ation of educational questions. As a means to encourage modern educa- tion, he made personal investigations of educational affairs in the districts of Paoting, Shunteh, Taming, Kwangping, Hsuanhua and Hochien. Upon completion of his tour Mr. Fu divided Chihli province into four educa- tional districts and established one normal school for training of teachers in each of these districts. These four normal Schools were located at Tientsin, Paoting, Launchow and, Shunteh. They were established in 1910. Mr. Fu successfully carried out his educational program, but in 1911 the first revolution broke out at Wuchang, and he went to Shanghai to assist in the movement. In 1914 he became a censor of the Censorate. During his tenure of office, he devised many important schemes for the benefit' of railway administration for the whole country, in March 1916 he was relieved of office upon the abolishment of the Censorate. In December 1917, Mr. Fu was specially appointed Minister of Ed- ucation. Soon afterwards he was appointed superintendent of the Chinese students in Japan and ordered to revise the regulations governing Chinese students studying abroad. During the summer and autumn of 1918, Mr. Fu called a .national conference of the presidents of the normal schools, a national conference of the principals of middle schools and a national conference of the principals of the technical schools in order to ascertain the progress of modern education and prepare plans for educational re- form. Mr. Fu has made a number of plans for the spread of popular education, and these plans will be carried out as soon as China becomes united and funds can be secured for the purpose. He resigned in April 1919 in consequence of the students' movement against the pro-Japanese government he subsequently became an advisor to President Hsu Shih- chang. In May 1922 Mr. Fu was appointed Director of the Government Financial Liquidation Office. In February 1923 he was awarded the second Order of Tashou Paokuang.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Fu Siao-en
(Fu Tsung-yao)
Mr. Fu Siao-en was born at Chinghai Hsien, Ningpo, Chekiang, in 1871. He is one of the most prominent Chinese merchants in Shanghai. Begimning at the bottom Mr. Fu has worked his way to the very top, meeting and overcoming numerous obstacles, and today is considered one of the richest men in the country. From 1920 to 1923 Mr. Fu held the following positions: Shanghai Superintendent of the Bank of China, since May 1920; managing director of the China Merchants Steam Navigation Co.; High Advisor to the Ministry of Finance; and Shanghai Commissioner for the Investigation of Wine and Tobacco Taxes. In the spring of 1922 Mr. Fu was offered the portfolio of Finance but he did not accept it being reluctant to enter into purely political life. In Nov- ember 1922 Minister of Communications, Kao En-hung charged Mr. Fu with conspiracy and treason in connection with the China Mer- chants Steam Navigation Company. A mandate was issued depriving Mr. Fu of the post of Superintendent of the Bank of China a(nd ordering his arrest and punishment. But the charges brought by Kao En-hung
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA ^ 269
were finally found to be without grounds. President Li Yuan-hung, who had issued the above-mentioned mandate at the suggestion of Kao En- hung, issued another mandate in February 1923 following the downfall of Kao En-hung cancelling the former one and Mr. Fu recovered his original standing again. Mr. Fu holds the following positions: — director and general manager of the Commercial Bank of China, Ltd; director and member of the Arbitration Committee of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, Shang- hai; director of the Ningpo Commercial Bank, Ltd; director of the Chung Hua Commercial & Savings Bank, Ltd; managing director and manager of properties of the China Merchants' Steam Navigation Co. Ltd; general manager of the Inland Steam Launch Co; manager of the C. M. Inland Engine Works; director of the Han Yeh Ping Iron & Coal Co., Ltd; chair- man of the association of shareholders of the Hari Yen Ping Iron & Coal Co; director of the Shanghai Native Waterworks Co; director of the Lungchang Paper Mills; director of the Wah Shing Fire & Marine Insur- ance Co. Ltd; director of the Tai Lai Flour Mills; director of the Credit. Franco-Chinois; director of the Nicholas Tsu Engineering Works; and director of the Sino-French Navigation Co., etc. In public life also, Mr. Fu is extremely active. He is a generous giver and' not an appeal reaches him without meeting with a satisfactory response. The many public activities with which he is identified are: The Chinese-Foreign Famine Relief Committee (of which Mr. Fu is treasurer) and the Ningpo Association (of which he is vice-chairman) etc., claim not a little of the time of this busy man. Mr. Fu has been awarded the following decorations: 4th Class Paokuang Chiaho, February 1919; 2nd Class Chiaho, March 1919; 2nd Class Tashou Chiaho, September 1919; 5th Class Wenfu, May 1921; 2nd Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho, June 1921 ; 3rd Class Wenfu, May 1923.
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Professor Fung Yu-Lan, Ph. D.
^ & B8
Dr. Fung Yu-lan was born thirty years ago in Honan Province and with the increasing years he has show'n a 'growing ,zeal for the advancement o^ the people of his native province and of all China. Philosophy is his chosen field. He does not think of philosophy as a mere abstraction with no real relation to life and history but rather holds with a great scholar that "History is only Philosophy teaching by example." The new Chung Chow University at Kaifeng, Honan, with its pesent teaching staff of sixty faculty members, can not boast of a more prominent acquisition than that of its new Professor of Philosophy, Fung Yu-lan, Ph. D., who is doing a greiat work in helping to build up for interior China a great modern school. He first studied philosophy ,in the National University of Peking where he graduated in 1918. He then went to Columbia University, New York City, where after years of research he fulfilled the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1923. His dissertation entitled, "A Comparative
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 271
study of Life Ideals," was highly commended by Professor John Dewey. It is now in press and will be published in a few weelcs by the Cominiercial Press. As it is an interesting and rather complete comparison of leading Chinese systems of philosophy with those of leading western philosophies it is safe to predict that the book will have a large sale in China and abroad, for it will be published in English. Dr. Fung is alSo autjhor of "Life's Ideals" recently published in Chinese by the Commercial Press. He is contributing editor of the International Journal of Ethics, Chicago; the Journal of Philosophy, New York; and other literary and academic maga- zines in China. He is the editor of the Mind's Echo, a bi-weekly paper published in Kaifeng. In addition to his important chair in Chung Chow University, Dr. Fung is Dean of the Department of Liberal Arts.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Ha Han-chang
General Ha Han-chang was born in Hupei. He is a graduate of the Japanese Military Officers' Academy where he was sent by the Chinese government in October 1920. In 1907 General Ha was assistant director of the Military Council of the Board of War. In September 1909 he was appointed a Director-in-chief of the General Staff. In April 1912 General Han was appointed Military Advisor to the President. In July 1922 he was made a Chiangchun or a Member of the College of Marshals with the two-word special title "Lien-wei." In December 1922 he was award- ed the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In January 1923 General Ha was appointed a member of the Discussion of Matters regarding the Mongolian Territory. General Ha is a close friend of former President Li Yuan-hung. He was known as one of the strong and influential advisors of President Li when the latter was? in Office.
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273
Mr. Nang Han
W S '?*- ii' ^
(Han An)
Mr. Han was born at Chao Hsien, Anhui province in 1885. Mr. Han studied at the University of Nanking from 1896 t,o 190S. He graduated with a degree of B. A. On account of his high scholarship, he was en- gaged as a teacher of the same University upon his graduation. He taught here for two years. In August of 1907, Mr. Han arrived in America to pursue his higher education, supported by the government. From 1907 to 1909 he studied liberal arts at Cornell University. With this prepara- tion Mr. Han attended the University of Michigan and studied forestry in 1909, where he stayed for three years. From 1911 to 1912 he studied agriculture at the University of Wisconsin. From these institutions of
274 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
higher learning, Mr. Han received the degrees B. A. in 1909 and M. Sc. F. in 1911. In August of 1912, Nang Han returned to China. He was soon afterwards invited to join the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, and later promoted to be Sen'ior Secretary'. Now and then he was sent out for investigation. Onnce he was ' director of the Bureau of Forestry in Kirin. From 1915 he was assistant director of the Bureau of Forestry in the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Editor-in-chief of the "Agricul- ture and Forestry Revie\v." In 1919 he was transferred to the Peking- Hankow railway for planting trees along the line and for some special distri^cts for timber supply and for the prevention of floods. In forty years he believes that all the timber needed by the Peking-Hankow railway can be supplied by the forest reserves to be created soon under his direction.
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Dr. N. L. Han
m ^ m
Han Yu-lin
Dr. Han was born in Soochow, Kiangsu, and is 43 years old. He is the founder and general manager of the national transport company, which operates on the Shanghai-Nanking Railway, the Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo Railway, the Tientsin-Pukow Railway and the Lunghai Railway, with branch offices at the major stations of eaoh line and accepts freig'ht and parcels for transfer to any part of the world. He went to the United States in 1904 in connection with the Chinese exhibit at the Exposition held at St. Louis,
k
276 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
and while there took special courses at the Jones Commercial College, at the same time studying American express transportation systems. Upon returning to China ha founded the China Express Company of Shanghai which was the first express company started in China and which still exists. The Chinese public has accepted the express system introduced by Mr. Han who was also the first Chinese to organize the express parcels delivery system in China. As Transportation Officer of the Republican forces he played an important role during the first Revolution of 1911 and for meritorious services rendered was awarded a "Chiao Ho" decoration by the Chinese government. As a public ;spirited citizen he is interested in various religious and social lactivities, is a director of St. Luke's Hospital. National Committee, Y. M. C. A.'s of China, the Shanghai Y. M. C. A. Chants Academy, and a member of commercial and guild organizations and several important clubs of Shanghai.
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Mr. Ho Chieh
Mr. Ho Chieh was born at Canton, is 1888. He Studied in the Canton Christian College, 1903-6; in the Tangshan Railway and Engineering Col- lege 1906-9 ; went to America in October 1909, after becoming a successful candidate for a government scholarship; studied mining and metallurgy at the Colorado School of Mines, 1910-13; and graduated in 1913 with the degree of E. M. (Engineer of Mines). He took up post-graduate work on Coal and Iron at Lehigh University, 1913-14, and received the degree of M. S. (Master of Science) in 1914, Mr. Ho returned to China in August 1914. He was Professor of Mining and Metallurgy, the National Univers-
278 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
ity of Peking, 1914-19, Dean of the Department of Engineering, 1919-23, concurrently Dean of the Department of Geology, 1919-24. He also held other concurrent posts, besides those of the National University of Peking, as assistant engineer, Chou Siang Railway, 1917, and professor of mathe- matics, University of Communications of Peking, 1923-24. His present position is Dean annd Professor of Mining, Pei-Yang University. Mr. Ho is Member of the American Institute of Mining & Met. Engineers, 1913; of the Association of Chinese & American Engineers, 1920; and of the Geolo- gical Society of China, 1922, also elected Councillor of t{he Society in 1924. He was conferred the Fourth Class Chiaho Decoration, 1923. Mr. Ho is the author of the following sets of notes all of which have been published by the National University Press of Peking: Ore Analysis, Analysis of Iron and Steel, Technical Gas Analysis, Fire Assaying, Metallurgy of Iron and Steel, and Mine Sampling and Valuation; also a Popular Gem Stone in North China, printed by the Geologic'al Sopi'aty of China. He has also published a number of magazine articles in Chinese on "Gems and Precious Stones."
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279
Mr. G. Zay Wood
M « ^^ K «
(Ho Chieh-ts'ai)
Mr. G. Zay Wood, popularly known in Peking as "General Wood," was born at Tsa-Bridge, Shanghai, August 27, 1895. He received his prelim- inary education in the Sung-kiang Middle School and the Nanyang Middle School. After his graduation from Nanyang in 1913, he went to Tsinghua College, where he remained but two years before he was sent by the government to the United States for advanced (education. In 1915 he en- tered Yale as a Junior. He was awarded the "Charles Washburn Clark
2^0
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Prize," during his senior year for his essay on "The Diplomatic and Consular Service of the United States as Compared with that of the Eur- opean Countries." In 1917, after his graduation from Yale, he entered Harvard to take his post-graduate work. Political science was the subject of his special study. He took his Master Degree in one year. In 1918, he studied international law at Columbia University. He was appointed by the University in the following year "Curtis Fellow in International Law" and was reappointed in 1920. During his student days, he served as the' editor-in-chief of the Chinese Students' Monthly and of the Far Eastern Republic He was twice elected president of the Chinese Political Science Association. Besides, he was a frequent contributor to the American news- papers and magazines. In 1921, he was asked by Dr. Sao-ke Alfred Sze, the Chinese Minister at Washington, to be temporarily attached to the Chinese Legation there. Later he joined the Chinese delegation to the Washington Conference. He served as an assistant in the Press Bureau attached to the Chinese delegation. In 1922 he returned to China. Upon his arrival in Peking, he was invited to take charge of the Peking Daily News as its chief editor. In the meantime, he was appointed secretary to the Commission on National Financial Conference. In 1923, at the end of January, he 'left the Peking Daily News to join the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as its secretary..' In June of the same year, he waS appointed Secretary to the Cabinet. Mr. Wood is the author of many books, the best known of which include. The Anglo-Japanese Alliance, The Twenty-One Demands, The Chino-Japanese Treaties, The Shantung Question, A Study in Diplomacy and World Politics. He is also the author of China and Japan, a booklet of about 100 pages privately printed for distribution. Mr. Wood is now the editor and publisher of the Evening World of Peking, which is said to be the "only foreign language evening pA'per in China that is, published every day in the year."
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281
General Ho Feng-Iin
General Ho Feng-lin, was born at Pingyin, Shantung, in 1873. After studying in the lower schools of his native province, General Ho deter- mined to enter military service. Like many other .'notable civil and mili- tary officials of the nation of China, he received his education at Peiyang College. His aptitude won recognition and following his graduation he was placed as a military tutor under the late Yuan Shih-k'ai during the time the latter was training his modern forces at Siaotsan, Chihli. In the first year of the Republic, General Ho was appointed a Brigade Commander and received honorable mention in military dispatches for his services dur- ing the battles of Wuchang and Nanking. He accompanied General Yang Shan-teh, late Tuchun of Chekiang province, on his expedition to the South in the second year of the Republic and served with him as commandant of forces at Sunkiang. For his ability and deportment a.^ an officer, he was
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later promoted to the position of M^ilitary Coramissioiner of Ningpo and Taichow, Chekiang. General Ho was made acting Defense Commissioner of Shanghai and Sunkiang when General Lu Yung-hsiang was promoted to the Tuchunship of Chekiang province, and his successful discharge of the duties assigned won for him the permanent occupancy of the position, the con- firmation of which came late in 1920. The life of General Ho has been one of service, he having been mentioned a number of times in military orders and dispatches for his loyalty and heroic conduct. His troops are widely known for the excellence of their discipline. His handling of the position which he occupied during his tenure of office as acting Defense Commis- senior in a number of trying incidents in the districts of Shanghai and Sunkiang won for him the friendship and praise of foreigners and Chinese aliike. In January 19201, General Ho received the First Order of Tashou; in September 1920, the second Order of Tashou Paokuang ; in October 1920, the First Order of Tashou Paokuang; in May 1921, the Third Order of Merit; in January 1922, the brevet rank of Full General; and in October 1923, Second Order of Merit. Following the defeat of Marshal Lu Yung-hsiang of Chekiang province in the war which began between Chekiang and Kiangsu provinces in September 1924, General Ho was forced to relinquish his position of Defense Commissioner of Shanghai and go to Japan.. How- ever, when the Anfu-Fengtien party was successful at the conclusion of this war, General Ho returned to Shanghai, where he is now residing.
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283
Mr. J. C. Ho
(Ho Jui-chang)
Mr. Ho was born at Nanling Hsien, Anhui, in 1889. He graduated from the Kiangnan High School in Nanking. In 1910 Mr. Ho received the degree of M. A. when he successfully passed the literary examinations held by the Board of Education. Subsequently he was given the rank of an ex- pectant secretary. In June 1910, he reported at the Board of Education
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for duty. Later he was detailed to the Board of Justice for servlice. In Septerabei' 1911, he was appointed by the Board of Communications to be English translator of the Directorate-General of Railways, and to be concurrently a member of the accounts department. In July 1912, he was transferred back to the Board of Communications and was assigned to the Traffic Department for service. In September he was given the official rank of Junior Secretary. In August 1913 he was appointed Acting Secretary of the Ministry. Three months later, he was awarded the sixth Class Chia Ho Decoration. In- February 1914 he was recommended for the appointment as Secretary. Subsequently he resigned this position and was appointed Secretary of the Railway Bureau. In July he received the Fifth Class Chia Ho Decoration awarded for his meritorious service. Later he was promoted to be Senior Secetary, and was given additional office as a member of the transportation section of the Traffic Department,. Mr. Ho assisted in the compilation of a dictionary containing translations of foreign railway terms, for i which he was specially awarded an honorary Medal by the Ministry of Communicationa, In July 1917, he was appointed Associate Director of the Chu-ching and Chow-hsing Railways. In August, Mr. Ho was transferred to the Peking-Suiyuan Railway and given the same position as Assistant Director. At the same time he acted as Chief of the General Affairs Department. In September, he was elected Chairman of the Society for the Study of Communications. In October he was awarded the Third Class Chia Ho Decoration. In November he was concurrently appointed a member of 'the Commission for the codification of railway legislation. He was awarded about the same time a Third Class Wen Hu Decoration for service rendered in connection with the suppression of "tufeis." In November 1918, he was appointed Secretary of the Pres- ident's Office. In the same month he was again transferred back to the Ministry of Communications for service, upon his resignation from the office of Assistant Director of the Peking-Suiyuan Railway. In January' 1920, Mr. Ho was appointed chief of the General Affairs department to the office of the High General Industrial Commission. During the period from August to December 1920, he received several important appointments in the Ministry of Communications. In January 1921, Mr. Ho received the Third Order of Paokuang Chiaho, and in February 1922 the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho, In March 1922, he was appointed acting councillor of the Ministry of Communications. Mr. Ho retired from political life in September 1922, subsequent to the downfall of the Chiaotung clique, of which Liang Shih-i and Yeh Kung-cho were the leaders.
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285
■*?s-^ -^.s^s
Mr. Ho P'ei-jung
fsj « J^ ^m H
286 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr, Ho P'ei-jung was born at Chieh-shih Hsien, Hupeh, in 1880. Mr. Ho attended the Military College in Japan after his graduation from a militarj- school at home, and specialised in infantry. In 1907 he graduated from the Military College and returned to China in the summer of the same year. Upon his arrival in Peking, Mr. Ho reported to the Ministry of War for appointment. He was detained for service in the Ministry. Later he was transferred to the Second Division of the Peiyang Army and was subsequently appointed to command a regiment. Gradually he worked his way up. In two years he was promoted to be Chief of the Second Division. In September of 1913 he was given the rank of Major-General. In 1915 General Wang Chan-yuan, Command'er-in-Chief of the Second Divi- sion, was appointed military governor of Hupeh. and General Ho accompanied his chief. In his first year in Hupeh, he continued to function as Chief of the Political Affairs Department of Hupeh province. In 1917 General Ho was appointed Civil Governor of Hupeh by the Central government. This position he held until August 1290. In October of the same year he was appointed Director of the Government Mining Bureau of the Province- of Hupeh.
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287
Sir Robert Hotung
(Ho Tung)
Sir Robert Hotung, rightly called Sir Robert, because of knightood conferred upon him by King George V. and his many decorations from the Chinese government, stands out among the prominent men of China, those of the past, present and the future. Born in Hongkong, December 22, 1862 he is the eldst member of a larg^e family. He received most of his early education in Chinese schools, obtaining his training under free tuition, owing to the remarkable progress made and the ambition he show- ed for higher knowledge. He spent four years in the Hongkong Central School (now Queen's College) learning English, graduating with highest honors In his class. Following this he started his business career, holding a post on the indoor staff of the Maritime Customs, remaining' in this
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position from 1878 to 1880. Later he resigned from this position and accepted the position of junior assistant to the compradore of Messrs. Jardine, Matheson and Company, Ltd. While his remuneration was small his bonus at the end of the year compensated him enough to remain there, thus gaining valuable experienca. Later he accepted the position of the Chinese agency of the Hongkong Fire and Canton Insurance Companies, and acted as chief compradore for this firm for the next six ye3,ra. Later owing to ill health he relinquished this position in favor of his brother, Ho Fook. Since that time, 'Sir Robert has won his way to the highest pin- nacles of financial and business success in the Colony which gave him birth, and to-day he is a very rich man, so great indeed is his wealth that he can with truth be described as one of the great pillars of Hongkong's financial strength. His advice is frequently sought by the leading interests of the colony, and he has come to be recognized as one of the shrewdest business men Hongkong has ever known. He is a very large shareholder in the Hongkong and ' Shanghai Banking Corporation, the Hongkong and Whampoa Dock Company and other big concerns, while evidence of the value attached to his commercial insight is to be found in the fact that he is director of s everal prominent companies, including the Hongkong and Whampoa Dock Company, the Hongkong Electric Company, the Hongkong Tramway Company, the Hongkong Land Investment Company, the Hongkong Reclamation Company, the Hongkong Canton and Macao Steamboat Company, the Indo-China Steam Navigation Company, the Hongkong Fire Insurance Company, the Canton Insurance Office, and the Kam Hing Knitting Company. Although Sir Robert's health has not permitted him to take as pro- m'inent a part as he would wish in public life and business activity, he is still to be found every day at his private office! in the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank Building, where he is always being consulted on matters of business policy and high finance. His own interests, too, as a very large property owner, naturally occupy much of his time. Besides this Sir Robert is often consulted regarding financial and industrial affairs of China by Chinese high officials and statesmen. He has also large personal interests of an industrial character in North China and Manchuria, this fact demon- strating the wide influence which he wields. Sir Robert's interests in public affairs have been many and varied. He is one of the largest bene- factors of the Hongkong University's Endowment Fund, his gifts to this institution totaling no less a sum than $270,000. He presented to the Colony the Kowloon British School, the first civil school for European children in Hongkong, founded a scholarship that bears his name at Queen's College, and in many other directions has aided the cause of learning. Sir Robert was Justice of Peace for Hongkong and the honor of kinghthood was conferred upon him by King George in 1915. Many high decorations have been conferred upon him also by the Chinese government, from the late President Yuan Shih-kai on down to Presidents Li Yuan-hung, was conferred upon him the First-class Chia Ho with Grand Sash'. As a man of knowledge Sir Robert has traded extensively in Europe and America as well as in Asiatic countries. His policy of life consists of strarght-for-
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wardness and cautiousness, and he attributes his success in life to honesty, foresight, carefulness, courtesy and perseverance. He is a keen believer in reform and abandonment of bad customs in China, as is shown by his public and private actions. Sir Robert has in late years interested himself in a solution of China's present political troubles and conferred with political leaders trying to bring about a peace conference on the part of the various contending elements.
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Mr. C. T. Hsia
X ^ ^'^^'^
(Hsia Ch'ang-chih)
Mr. C. T. Hsia was born at Tsingpu Hsien, Kiangsu Province, in 1890. In the summer of 1909, he graduated from the Kiangsu Provincial College, He was- specially given the degree of Chu Jeii, or M. A., by the govern- ment. Subsequently he was appointed a junior secretary of the Cabinet. After having served in the Cabinet for some time, Mr. Hsia joined the Govern- ment University of Peking, with the object of furthering his education in practical science, and studied civil engineering for three years. While he was studying in the University, he held the position of junior member of the railway department of the Ministry of Communications. In March 1913, graduated from the University at the head of the class, and was' given the degree of C. E. One month later he was appointed acting
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 291
technical expert of the Ministry of Communications. In 'December of the same year, this position was substantiated for him. Mr. Hsia held it until September 1916 when he was promoted to acting inspector. In less than a month's time, the new position was substantiated: by a Presidential Mandate. The successive positions Mr. Hsia held in the Ministry of Com- munications before August 1914 were: deputy for the prospecting of lines; member of the 'electrical department, the engineering department, mechanical department; chief of construction section of the drawing office; and associate member of the Railway Terhiinology Commission. In August 1914 he was appointed assistant chief of the engineering section of the railway department. In December of the same year, he was sent as special delegate of the Ministry of Communications, to attend the Panamia-Pacific International Exposition, and was one of the vice-chairman of the Jury of Awards. In the capacity of the delegate of the Ministry Mr. Hsia attended the International Engineering Congress, International Ed- ucational Congress, ■ International Irrigation Congress, the Convention of the American Railway Engineering Association, the Convention of the American Mechanical Engineering Association, and the Convention of the Society of Testing Materials. While in America Mr. Hsia also visited the Eastern States to study highway administration, electrical works, municipal administration, and industrial activitfies. He returned to China in February, 1916. Three months after his return, he was again sent to the United States to study railway engineering. Upon his second return to China in August 1916, he was made the chief of the section of efficiency of works of the railway department. In November, he was appointed a member of the Communication Conference. In January 1917, he was ap- pointed a member of the Commission for the P^xamination of the Railway Cadets. In April 1917, he was appointed the chief of thei Canton-Samshui Railway Administration. In September 1917, he was made one of the members of the Commission for the Study of Communications, two months later, a member of the Commission for Drafting of Railway Laws, and in December, became a member of the Commission of the Study of Railway Technics. In April 1918, Mr. Hsia was transferred to Hankow as the res- ident chief of the Hankow office of the Peking-Hankow railway. In May he was made a member of the Railw,ay Transportation Commission. In August 1918, he was appointed by the Tuchun of Hupeh as its councillor. In March 1920, he was relieved from the position of inspector of the Ministry of Communications. In April 1920, Mr. Hsia received the appointment of councillorship from the office of the High Industrial Commissioner; In November 1920, Mr. Hsia was appointed chief of the Hankow land develop- ment department of the Peking-Hankow railway. In February 1921, he received the Third order of Chiaho. In November 1922 he was appointed a special member of the commission for the study o5f international com- munications in connection with China's participation in the Washington Conference. In 1923 he became a 'section chief in the Ministry of Com- munications.
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Mr. Hsia Ch'in-hsi,
Mr. Hsia Ch'in-hsi was born at Tientsin, Chihli. fle is a graduabe of the Tinetsin Commercial School and the Chihli Law School, and a prac- ticing barrister-at-law before the Tientsin Higher and Local Courts. His combined commercial and law training make him especially fitted to handle the complicated business of a large Chinese Chamber of Commerce. In 1914 he was the delegate of the Chinese Chambers to the InternationaJ Conference of Chambers of Commerce held in Japan. At that time he received a silver medal from the Japanese government. On his return he became Secretary of the Tientsin Chamber, which position he has held ever since, through several administrations. He was active in relief work at the time of the Tientsin flood, and in recognition of his 'services was
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offered the Seventh Class Chiaho decoration by President Li Yuan-hung. He refused this and later was offered the Sixth Class, Which honor he also declined to accept, saying that he felt it undemocratic to accept decora- tions. He was active in the organization of t)he People's Union shortly after the out break of the students against traitorous officials in Peking in May 1919 and became its Second Secretary, as well as acting chairtpian of the executive committee. Mr. Hsia Chin-hsi has been called the "Brains of the Patriotic Movement in Tientsin." His importance to the movement was not overlooked by the ^authorities determined to stamp out the boycott; as he was among the first group of leaders to be seized and placed in solitary confinement upon the ractionary ascendency in January, 1920. Mr. Hsia is a worthy representative of the more substantial element among the patriots. As the capable secretary of the Tientsin Chinese General Chamber of Commerce into whose hands practically all the affairs of the Chamber were entrusted by his chief, Pien Yueh-ting, president of the chamber, Mr. Hsia wielded immense influence in the merchant community. It was largely through his efforts that the merchants of Tientsin and North China joined whole-heartedly in the patriotic labors of the students
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Mr. Hsia Ching-kuan
K m m
Mr. Hsia Ching-kuan is a ^native of Kiangsu and was a provincial graduate in the Ching Dynasty. He is a scholar whose literary attainments and writings have for a long time been admired by the Chinese.. After many years of active service in his native province, Mr*. Hsila came to Shanghai and was made director of Fulitan college (now Fuhtan University) and the China National Institute. In these positions he made it poissible for many young people to receive an education to fit them for life work. When the Republic was established, Mr. Hsia became an editor with the Commercial Press, which post he held for a number of years. In December 1919, Mr. Hsia was appointed Commissioner of Education for the province of Chekiang. In February 1921, he was awarded the Third Class Chiaho. In 1922, Mr. Hsia was relieved from the post of Commis- sioner of Education of Chekiang, and in September was appointed prin- cipal librarian of the Metropolitan Library, Peking. In the spring of 1923, Mr. Hsia returned to Chekiang again where he was appointed by Genesral Lu Yung-hsiang to be director of the Cigarette Tax Bureau.
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295
Dr. Hsia Ching-lin
a w M ^ ^^
Dr. Hsia Ching-lin was born at Ningpo, Chekiang province, in 1894. He was brought up at Tientsin where his father had baen a merchant for many years. Dr. Hsia received his elementary education from the Tientsin Kiangsu Primary School from 1906 to 1910 and a middle school education at Tientsin Anglo-Chinese College from 1910 to 1914. In 1914 Dr. Hsia went to England as a private student. He studied at Mill Hill School, London, until 1916 when he was admitted to the University of Glasgow where he was graduated in 1919 with the degree of Bachelor of Science. From Glasgow Dr. Hsia went to the University of Edinburgh where he
296 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
obtained the degree of Master of Arts in 1920 and that of Doctor of Philo- sophy in the Faculty of Law in 1922, the subject of his dissertation bein'g 'Treaty Relations between China and Great Britain.", He was the prize student in International Law in that University in 1917-20. Dr. Hsia returned to China in 1922 and was at once appointed secretary and treas- urer to the Chinese Weihaiwei Retrocession Commission. This position he held until the summer of 1923 when he left Peking for Shanghai. Begin- ning from the fall of 1923, Dr. Hsia took up educational work. At present he is connected with the Southern University as Dean of the Arts Faculty, and with the Shanghai Collegie of Commerce of the National Southeast^ern University, the Shanghai College of Law and Politics and the University of Shanghai, as Professor of International Law, Diplomatic History, and English Literature. Dr. Hsia's address is F. B. 216 Avenue Haig, Shang- hai.
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297
Mr. H»ia Yi-Ting
(Hsia I-t'ing)
Mr. Hsia I-t'ing was born at Kiangying Hsien, Kiangsu Province in 1878. Beginning his diplomatic career as a student interpreter of the Chinese Legation in Berlin, Mr. Hsia now Chinese Minister to Brazil, filled successfully the offices of Attache to the legation in Spain and of Secretary to the legation in Paris. At one time he was Charge d'Affaires of the legation inn Spain. Next he became Consul-General in Yokohama, Japan. Later he was Councillor of the Special Diplomatic Mission sent to Belgium and France. In 1914 Mr. Hsia was made Secretary to the Cabinet and
29^ WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
afterwards of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1915, when Lu Cheng- hsiang was recalled from Switzerland where he was recuperating his health to become Minister of Foreign Affairs to handle the delicate negotiations over the Twenty-One Demands presented by the Japanese government, Mr. Hsia was appointed Councillor of the Ministry, After the failure of Yuan Shih- kai's monarchical scheme, he created the Politics Studying Commission to devise means and ways for the improvement of internal politics. Mr. Hsia was elected Chief Secretary of the Commission, of which many prominent fore- ign advisers like Dr. Morrison, Dr. Willoughby and Dr. Agria, were members'. In ApTil 1916, Mr. Hsia was appointed acting Vice-minister of Foreign Affairs. In October he was 'ordered to officiate as Minister, just before the assumption of this important office by Dr. Wu Ting-fang. In December 1916, he resigned from ,this post and later accepted the advisor- ship to the President's Office and also to the Cabinet, besides serving as a. member of the War Commission. In October 1917, Mr. Hsia was appointed Minister to Brazil and Peru. These posts he is still holding. In January 1920 he was awarded the 'Second Order of Wenfu. In March 1921 he re presented China at the Centenary of the Republic of Peru, and a year later at the Centenary of the Independence of Brazil. In October 1922, he received the First Order of Tashou Chiaho.
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299
Mr. Hsiang Hsiang
Jg H -#: ^ M (Witson H. Shan)
Mr. Shan was born at Jui-an Hsien, Chekiang province, in 1880. He was a Hsiu Ts'ai or Licentiate through competitive examinations in the Ching Dynasty. Having become a Licentiate, Mr. Shan was given an ap- pointment by the Hsueh Pu, then Board of Education, as an assistant com- piler in the Translation and Compilation Office. After a few year's work in that office, he was sent to America where he stmdied Political Econ- omy at Columbia University. He graduated from that University with the degree of M. A. Upon his return to China, Mr. Shan attended the Im- perial Examination for returned students and obtained the degree of Han Lin or Ph. D. Subsequently he was appointed a member of the Councillors' Hall of the Board of Communications. Many a time Mr. Shan was assistant examiner or examiner of the Imperial Examination either for returned students, or for judicial officials or for high civil officials. Subsequent to
300 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the establishment of the Republic, Mr. Shan Joined the Ministry of Finance and from the very beginning he was a Councillor of the Ministry. During the following years Mr. Shan held many important positions among whidi were: Acting Superintendent of the Bank of China; Member of the Com- mission to Discuss Internal Affairs; Member of the Currency Reform Commission; Executive Member of the Financial Discussion Commission; Member of the Commission for the Examination of High Civil Officials; Co- Director of the Maritime Tariff Reform Commission; Director of Income Tax Bureau; Director of the Cigarette Tax Bureau; etc. In September 1919 Mr. Shan was awarded the Second Order of Chiiaho and in February
1921 the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho. In Februry 1922 he was ap- pointed a Councillor to the Central Salt Administration. In July 1922 he was made a member of the National Finance Comm'ssion. In October 1922 he resigned the Second Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In December
1922 Mr. Shan was ordered to be acting Vice-Minister of Finance with the concurrent posts of Chiief Director of the Central Salt Administration and Chief Inspector of the Salt Revenue. In Jauary 1923 he was given the First Order of Tashou Chiaho and about the same time he was reliev-ed of the acting post. In October 1923 Mr. Shan was appointed Vice-Minister of Finance which position he is still holding.
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301
General Hsiao Yao-nan
mmm^mm
General Hsian Yao-nan was born at Huang -kang Hsien, Hupei pro- vince. He is a inember of the Peiyang Military Clique. During 1917-18 he was Commander of the Chihli Third Mixed Brigade. In October 1919 General Hsian was awarded the Second Order of Chiabo. In October 1920, following the Chihli-Annfu armed struggle, in which he took an actiVe part in Chihli, General Chang received the Fouth Order of Merit. About the same time he was promoted to be Commander of the 25tih National Army Division. In August 1921 General Hsian was appointed Tuchun of Hupei. In February 1922 he was awarded the Second Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In July he was made a Chiangchun of the College of Marshals with the special title in two words "Ping-Wu." In August the First Order of Wenfu was conferred upon him and in October 1922 the Second Order of Meriit. In November 1923 General Hsiao was made a Marshal or Ping-Wu Shan Chiang-chun. In January 1924 he was appoint- ed to be concurrently Civil Governor of Hupei still commanding the 2oth Army Division. In March 1924 General Hsiao was male a Full General.
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Mr. Htiao Yung-hsi
H rlt ^ '# =^ ife
Mr. Hsiao Yung-hsi was born at Hua-yang Hsien, Szechuan province, in 1878. He was graduated from the English -department of the Szechuan College in Peking,. In 1901 Mr. Hsiao went to England as an attache to the Chinese Legation in London. In 1905 he was called back to Peking* where he received an appointment in the Board of Foreign Affairs. In 1908 Mr. Hsiao was appointed Chinese Consul to Vancouver. In 1909 he was transferred to be Acting Consul at Rangoon. In 1910 he was appoint- ed Consul at the same place. In 1911 Mr,. Hsiao was sent to India to' attend the coronation of King George of Greiat Britain. Mr. Hsiao re- turned to China in 1913. Subsequently he was appointed Co-Director of
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the Peking Octroi and concurrently a consulting member of the Ministry. In February 1916 Mr. Hsiao was awarded the Fifth Class Chiaho. In April he was appointed Chief-in-Charge of the Telegraph Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In December 1920 Mr. Hsiao was appointed Acting Second Secretary to the Chinese Legation in Sweden. In January 1921 he was given the Fourth Class Chiaho. For a time he was Chinese Charge d'Affaires in Sweden. In 1922 Mr. Hs'ao was transferred to become First Secretary to the Chinese Legation in Norway and at the same time was Charge d'Affaires. In June 1922 he returned to China and immediately became Advisor to the High Inspecting Commissioner of Hunan and Hupei, General Wu Pei-fu. In August 1922 Mr. Hsiao was appointed Acting Coun- cillor of the Ministry of Communications. A month later he was transferred to be Acting Director of the Department of Posts and concurrently a com- piler of the Commission for the compilation of the history of Chinese Communications. In October 1922 Mr. Hsiao received the Second Class Chiaho. In the same month he was appointed Director of the Department of Navigation which position he is still holding. In May 1923 he was' awarded the Third Class Wenfu.
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General Hsieh Chih-heng
m ^f" m ^^i^
General Hsieh Chih-heng was born at Lu Lung Hsien, Chihli province. General Hsieh became Resident Director of the Office of the Municipal Works in Peking in July 1920. In September of the same year he re- ceived the appointment of "Tu Hu Pu Shih." In October 1920 General Hsieh was given the brevet rank of Lieutenant General. In January 1921 he was awarded the Second Class Wenfu. In January 1922 General Hsieh was appointed Inspector-General of the Metropolitan Police and concurrently Co-Director of the Office of Administration of Metropolitan Municipal Works. In May 1922 he was made a Lieutenant General. In October 1922 General Hsieh was awarded the Fifth Order of Merit and in November the Second Class Tashou Chiaho. In February 1923 he was made a Chiangchun or Member of the College of Marshals with the special two-word "Ping Wei". In March 1923 he received the First Class Wenfu. In November 1923 General Hsieh was given the brevet rank of a Full General.. He is still the Inspector General of the Metropolitan Police.
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305
Mr. Hsieh En-lung
it mm'^mm
Mr. Hsieh En-lung was born in Canton in 1884. He studied at the Queen's College, Hongkong, during 1900-1904 and then at the Peiyang University, Tientsin, during 1904-1906. In June 1906 Mr. Hsieh went to America. From 1906 to 1909 he studied Agriculture at the Massachusetts Agricultural College and was graduated from it with the degree of B. So. He obtained the degree of B. A. from Boston University in 1909. He was elected to Phi Kappa Phi in June of the same year. Subsequently Mr. Hsieh took post-graduate work in Cornell University and in 1910 he was graduated with the degree of 'M. S. Then he went to Germany and spent sometime in the Leipzig University. Mr. Hsieh returned to China in June 1912. That year he was appointed Technical Expert to the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. As a Chinese delegate he attended the International Dry Farming Congress at Lathbridge, Alberta, Canada, in 1912. Upon his return he wrote a comprehensive report. Mr. Hsieh was editor-in-chief of the Journal of Agriculture and Forestry from 1912 to
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1915. While in the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce he was Chief Compiler of the Translation and Compilation Bureau and associate editor of the Journal of Agriculture and Commerce. In 1914 Mr. Hsieh was ap^ pointed Principal Expert of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, In October 1920, Mr. Hsieh left the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce and in November he was appointed Principal Technical Expert of the Ministry of Communications. In the latter Ministry he was at different times chief of different sections either in the Railway Department or in the Telegraph Department. In December 1921, Mr. Hsieh was awarded the Third Class Chiaho. In 1922 he was one of the Chinese delegates to the Sino-Japanese Postal Conference. From May 1921 to May 1922, Mr. Hsieh concurrently held the position of Departmental Chief in the Office of the High Industrial Commissioner and also that of Chief editor of the Journal of Industrial Development published by that office. Mr. Hsieh ig at present serving as a Principal Technical Expert of the Ministry of Com- munications, member of the General Affairs Section of the Department and also a member of the Office of Technical Affairs. Mr. Hsieh is the author of Report on Tobacco Industry in Shantung and Chinese Tea, written in 1915.
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Mr. Hsieh Tu-pi
^ ^ S? ^ ^ H
Mr. Hsieh Tu-pi was born at Chieh Hsieh, Shansi province, in 1892. He was graduated from the Shansi Provincial Law College. In February 1912 Mr. Hsieh, was appointed a Judge of the Local Court of Hotung District, Shansi. In October of the same year he was transferred to be- come Judge of the Local Court of Pingyang District. In December 1914 Mr. Hsieh was appointed by the Commander of the 16th Mixed Brigade, who was then no other person than General Feng Yu-hsiang, to be Secret- ary. Mr. Hsieh became Military Judge to the same Brigade. In April 1918 he received a concurrent position as Chief of the Ching-shih Likin Station in Hunan in which province the 16th Mixed Brigade was then stationed. In July he was transferred to be Chief of the Chang-teh Likin Station, still holding the position of Military Judge of the Brigade. In August 1918 Mr. Hsieh was awarded the Third Class Chiaho in recognition of service rendered in connection with recapturing the city of Chang-teh, Hunan, from the hands of Southern leaders. In July 1919 Mr. Hsieh was
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appointed Magistrate of Channg-teh Hsieh. This position he held until Julj'^ 1920 when he went North with the 16th Mixed Brigade of which he was still the Military Legal Officer. At the same time he received the Second Class Chiaho, In 1921 General Feng Yu-hsiang became Tuchun of Shensi while General Liu Chen-hua was the Civil Governor. In July that year Civil Governor Liu appointed Mr. Hsieh to be Magistrate of Yenyanig Hsieh. In August he was transferred to be Acting Magistrate of Chang-an Hsien, the capital of the province of Shensi. In October 1921 Mr. Hsieh was appointed jointly by Tuchun Feng and Governor Liu to act as director of the Shensi Opium Prevention Bureau. In December 1921 Mr. Hsieih was appointed to act for the Chief of the Shensi Financial Bureatu In May 1922 he was appointed by a President Mandate to be Acting Chief of the Shensi Financial Bureau. In the meanwhile General Feng Yu-hsiang was transferred to Honan. In May 1922 the Civil Governor of Honan ap- pointed Mr. Hsieh to act for the Chief of the Honan Financial Bureau. In June another Presidential Mandate appointed him to be Acting Chief of that Bureau. In January 1923 Mr. Hsieh was appointed Acting Vice- Minister of Justice. For some time after May 1923 he was concurrently Chief Secretary of the Cabinet. In July 1923 Mr. Hsieh was appointed to act concurrently as Chief of the Peking Octroi. In January 1924 Mr. Hsieh was appointed to take charge of the Affairs of the Ministry of Justice. Besides this post which he is still holding, Mr. Hsien is now the Director of the Peking Octroi.
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309
Mr. Y. S. Ziar (Hsieh Yung-shen)
Mr. Y. S. Ziar, Chinese attorney and formerly chairman of the Chinese Advisory Committee to the Shanghai Municipal Council, is a native of Shao- shing, Chekiang, a place well-known in China for its production of wise men and lawyers. He was born on March 15, 1885, and was the son of late Mr, Ziar Lun-hui, managing director of the Commercial Bank of China and one of the foremost bankers in the country. After receiving his education i-n the preparatory schools in Shanghai, Mr. Ziar went to England in 1906, entering Cambridge University in 1907, and took his B. A. degree in 1910 and M. A. in 1915. He is a member of the Inner Temple, London, and was called to the bar in 1914. After two year's practice in England, he returned to China and joined the firm of Messrs. Piatt and Company of Shanghai in 1916. He has appeared in many important criminal and civil cases in the Mixed Court and other judicial tribunals in Shanghai. When
310 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the Chinese Ratepayers* Association was organized to further the activi- ties of thii Chinese in municipal affairs, Mr. Ziar was elect^ed ooie of the directors of the association and when later the creation of an a-dvisory committee was authorised by the Shanghai ratepayers he became one o'f the members of the first committee, which elected him as its chairman. In 1923, he resigned from the committee to take an extensive trip in Europe and America where he made investigations of the judicial systems of the various countries. He returned in 1924 and since has continued his prac- tice with Messrs. Piatt and Company, Mr. Ziar has been appointed legal advisor to the Bureau of Foreign Affairs the General Chamber of Commerce of Shanghai annd the Military Governor of Chekiang.
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311
Mr« HsSun^t Hsi-iing
Mr. Hsiung Hsi-ling Was born at Peng'huang Hsien, Hunan province, in 1867. He was a Metropolitan graduate of 1894 and a prominent Hanlin scholar. Mr. Hsiung was an intimate friend of the reformer Kang Yu-hui and after the latter's downfall which occurred in 1898 he was arrested by the Imperial Ching government, but was promptly released. Subsequently Mr. Haiung went to Japan to study. There he reniained for a few years. In 1905 when he had returned to Peking he accompanied Tuan Fang on the latter's foreign mission. On that occasion, he visited America and Europe. After the return of the mission, Mr. Hsiung was appointed
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Chief of the Bureau of Agriculture, Industry & Commerce of Kiangsu. Later he was transferred to the same post in Fengtien. Mr. Hsiung was the principal assistant of General Chao Erh-hsun when the latter was Viceroy of Manchuria. In September 1910 he received the ap- pointment to be Acting Commissioner of Foreign Affairs in Hupei. But very soon he returned to Mukden where he held several important posi- tions at different times, the highest being that of the Principal Finance Commissioner of Manchuria and that of Salt Commissioner of Fengtien. A.t the time of the Wuchang outbreak, October 1911, Mr. Hsiung was Finance Commissioner at Mukden. Subsequently he went south and joined the Tutuh of Kiangsu. I^ater he went to Hunan and became chair- man of the Republican Committee of that province. In March 1912 Mr. Hsiung was appointed Minister of Finance in the first Republican Cabinet headed by Tang Shao-i. He was responsible for the conduct of the loan negotiations with the International Bank'ng Group, for the First Reorganization Loan from the time of his arrival until he resigned in June 1912 after Premier Tang had given up the premiership. Mr. Hsiung, however, continued to be employed by the government in the capacity of Chief of a Commission for the negotiation of foreign loans. It was he who was mainly responsible for negotiating the Crisp Loan. Subsequently Mr. Hsiung was appointed Tutung or Lieutenant-General of Jehol. The appointment was interesting in view of the fact that he had never held a military position before. He remained at Jehol until July 1913. Mr. Hsiung was appointed Prime Minister on July 31, 1913. In September he was given the concurrent post of Minister of Finance. These positions he held until February 1914r In May 1914 Mr. Hsiung was appointed a member of the Tsan Chen Yuan, the Advisory Council of the late President Yuan Shih-kai. At the same time he was ap- pointed Director-General of the National Oil Administration which was organized for the purpose to undertake the development of petroleum resources in China in cooperation with the Standard Oil Company of New York. As the expedition to Shensi and Shansi failed to discover oil of a commercial quantity the Administration was dissolved in December 1916. In 1917, the year a big flood occurred in Chihli inundating part of the Port of Tientsin, Mr. Hsiung was appointed Dir- ector-General of the Flood Relief and Conservancy. He was mainly re- sponsible for the formation of the Chihli River Commission, of which he was made President. In the capacity of the Director-General, Mr. Hsiung signed the agreement with the American International Corporation for a $6,000,000 loan for the improvement of the Grand Canal. He later became Director General of the Grand Canal Improvement Board. In December 1918 Mr. Hsiung was awarded the Third Order of Merit. In May 1919 he was ordered to hold concurrently the post of director general of Famine Relief in Hunan Province. In March 1920 Mr. Hsiung received the First Class Wenfu Decoration. In May 1920 he was relieved of the three aforementioned posts: Flood Relief and Conservancy; Grand Canal Improvement; and Hunan Famine Relief. Following in the wake of the 1921 flood the refugees driven to despair by the famine were abandoning their children on the roadside or selling them to the highest
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 313
bidders. Mr. Hsiung in the capacity of Director-General established two asylums in Peking to receive these children. When the flood subsided, most of these children were claimed and taken back by their parents, but still about 200 were left on the hands of the authorities without any claimants. Finding it necessary to find a place for the up- bringing of the children, Mr. Hsiung secured the donation by Ching Household of the Imperial Hunting Park on the Western Hills and using this place he establisihed an orphanage called the Children's Home. In May 1921 Mr. Hsiung was called to Hunan to direct the self- government movement in that province. He returned to Peking in July 1921. The object of this hasty return was partly to ease the mind of the northern leaders who suspected him of having joined the southern leaders and partly to save the Children's Home from losing the government's sup- port. In November 1922, Mr. Hsiung was awarded the Second Order of Merit. In the same month he was ordered by the President to devise means of living for the poor people in the Metropolis. In January 1923 he was appointed a Member of the Educational Sinking Fund Commission. Mr. Hsiung's address is Children's Home, Hsiang Shan, Peking.
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314
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Hsiung Ping-ch'i
General Hsiung Ping-ch'i was born in Shantung. He graduated from a military academy in North China. General Hsiung served the late Pre- sident Feng Kuo-chang for many years. When the latter was Commander- in-chief of the Body Guard of the Ching Imperial Family, General Hsiung was a Second Staff Officer. From September 1912 to July 1913, during which period Feng KuQ-ohang was M.ilitary Governor of Chihli, General Hsiung was his Staff Officer. In December 1913 Feng Kuo-chang became Tutu or Military Governor of Kiangsu, and General Hsiung was appointed Chief of Military Affairs Department, Subsequently he was made a Colonel General. In August 1917 Feng Kuo-chang came to Peking to succeed Li Yuan-hung as President of China General Hsiung was given an important position in the President's Office. Hsiung retired into private life when Feng Kuo-chang was relieved of the Presidency by Hsu Shih-chang in September 1918. In March 1919 General Hsiung was appointed Director of the National University for
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military training. Subsequently he was made a Lieutenant-General. In May 1920 General Hsiung was awarded the Second Class Chiaho. In November 1920 he left the University and very soon was appointed Chief Staff Officer to the High Inspecting Commissioner of Chihli, Shan- tung and Honan, who was no other person than Marshal Tsao Kun. In February 1922 General Hsiung received the Second Class Tashou Chiaho. In July 1922 he was made "Chang Wei" Chiangchun, a member of the College of Marshals. In Septemjjer 1922 General Hsiung was appointed Civil Governor of Shantung — ^this position he is still holding. In October 1922 he was given the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho. In November 1922 he was appointed to hold concurrently . the post of Associate Director of the Shantung Rehabilation Bureau and also that of Director General of the Administration of the Kiaochou Port. He was also commissioned to cooperate with Dr. C. T. Wang in taking over that Port from the Japan- ese. In February 1923 another appointment was given to him and that was associate director for the Construction Works of the Kungchiakou Breach of the Yellow River. In May 1923 General Hsiung was ordered to be censured in connection with the Lincheng Outrage, but to remain in position as before. In November 1923 General Hsiung was given the brevet rank of a full General.
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Mr. S. P. Hung
m '^ ^
Hsiung Hsiao-hao
Mr. S. P. Hung is managing editor of the Chinese Peking and Tientsin Times, special correspondent for the Shun Pao of Shanghai, and a member of the sub-committee for China of the World Press Congress. Born in Hongkong in 1892, Mr. Hung studied p]nglish in Queen's College at the place of his birth. In 1910 he went to Peking and entered the College of Communications, a government institution in the Capital. In August of 1911 he became translator and reporter for the Associated Press in Peking. In 1912 he became assistant correspondent in Peking of the Chicago Daily
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 317
News. In 1914 he was reporter for Renter's Agency in the Capital and was transferred to Tientsin after the war broke out in Europe. In 1914 he became translator and reporter for Renter's Tientsin Agency and the Pek- ing and Tientsin Times, and illustrator and artist of the China Illustrated Weekly and the Tientsin Press. In 1917 the Chinese Peking and Tientsin Times was established, and Mr. Hung acted concurrently as managing editor of that paper. In April of 1921 he attended the Press Conference of the Far East in Tokyo. While in Japan he succeeded in sectiring aasista^nce of the Japanese press in putting an end to the Japanese morphine traffic in China. The Japan Times and Mail in one of its April issues stated: "It was partly through Mr. Rung's efforts that a black list was published in the English and Chinese newspapers in China, containing the names of dealers, Japanese and others, who helped to carry on this deadly traffic which resulted in the death of 100,000 people in China every year." Mr. Hung attributed his anti-Japanese attitude to the Japanese merchants in China secretly trafficing in opium and said: "Out of every hundred known opium smugglers, 93 are Japanese while statistics reveal 100,000 victims of this traffic annually. If this trade continues several hundred years more, one-fourth of the whole Chinese population will perish."
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. George Hsu
(Hsu Ch'ien)
Mr. George Hsu was born at Nanchang, Kiangsi province, in 1872. His father, who was a district magistrate, died while he was a child, and at the age of nine he moved w'iith his uncle to Soochow and later to Peking. Mr, Hsu studied in Peking until he became a Metropolitan gra- duate or Han-lin, Then he entered the Chin Shih Kuan, a post-graduate school for those having passed the third literary examination. There he studied foreign law for three years. On completing his studies he was appointed a Councillor of the Board of Justice. In 1906, Tai Hung-tzu, then President of the Board of Justice, returned from his tour abroad. Mr. Hsu made suggestions to him to separate the judicial functions of the
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governraennt from the executive. This brought the organization of district courts and the Supreme Court in Peking. Mr. Hsu was appointed Chief Justice of the Peking Local Court. In 1907 Mr. Hsu was promoted to the position of Attorney-General of the Higher Court of Peking. In 1910 Mr. Hsu attended as Chinese Delegate the Eighth International Prison Con- ference at Washington D. C, visiting the leading European capitals about the same time. Upon his return to Peking, he was appointed Vice-Pres- ident of the Board of Justice, holding this position until the Revolution of 1911. After the peace pact in Shanghai. January 1912, Mr. Hsu was appoint- ed Vice-President of the Supreme Court in Peking. In April 1912 he was appointed Vice-Minister of Justice in Tang Shao-i's Cabinet. For sometime he acted for the Minister of Justice, Dr. Wang Chung-hui, who did not assume office. Mr. Hsu resigned from the Ministry of Justice in July 1912 because he disliked Yuan Shih-kai's absolute rule. Then he went to Shanghai and joined Dr. Sun Yat-sen's party. During the Seoond Revolution, in the summer of 1913, Mr. Hsu was practising law in Shanghai before the Mixed and Native Courts. He remained there for three years. Yuan Shih-kai died in June 1916. Li Yuan-hung became President and Tuan Chi-jui Prime Minister. In September 1916 Mr. Hsu was ap- pointed Vice-Minister of Justice. Before the dissolution of Parliament on June 13, 1917, by President Li Yuan-hung, Mr. Hsu strongly opposed President Li's taking such an unconstitutional step. On June 16, his re- signation was officially accepted. Immediately after his resignation, Mr. Hsu proceeded to Shanghai where he spent three months, while Peking witnessed the beginning and end of General Chang Hsun's attempt to restore the Manchu Monarch. Meanwhile the members of the dissolved Parliament gathered at Canton. Dr. Sun went there on July 19. On July 22, the First Squadron of the Chinese Navy headed by Admiral Ch'en Pi- kuang declared its independence and sailed to Canton. A military govern- ment was immediately established with Dr. Sun as Generalissimo. On Aug- gust 27, the Extraordinary Parliament was inaugurated at Canton,, Mr. Hsu was invited by Dr. Sun to be his Chief Secretary whicfh he reaidily accepted. In January 1918 a Southwestern government was formed at Canton. Dr. Sun, General Tsen Chun-hsuan, Dr. Wu Ting-fang, General Tang Chi-yao, General Lu Yung-ting and Admiral Ch'en Pi-kuang were elected administrators. Mr. Hsu became Dr. Sun's representative on the Administrative Council, concurrently acting as Miaister of Justice, Mr. Hsu was one of the first to advocate a peace conference between the North and the South for the settling of their differences. Immediately after the armistice had been proclaimed in France, in November 1918, Mr. Hsu suggested the idea in an article in the Peking Leader, and draft- ed a wire to President Hsu suggesting that both sides send an equal number of delegates to Shanghai to discuss a reconciliation. The Canton Administrative Council and the representatives of the Southern provinces and troops of the Military governnraent passed favorably on his suggestion, and the telegram as drafted was wired to Peking on Nov>e(mber, 1918. being at the same time delivered to the consulates of the Powers in Canton. It was at least two days later that the memorandum of the five Powers advising a peace conference was delivered by the various consulates-
320 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
general and legations in Canton and Peking. In 1919 Mr. Hsu was asked by the Canton government to attend the Paris Peace Conference as advisor to the Chinese Delegation and also by the Chinese Christian bodies to represent their interests unofl5cially at the Conference. Upon his return from Paris at the end of August 1919, two months after the signing of the Versailles Treaty, Mr. Hsu found Dr. Sun in Shanghai, having severed connection with the Southern government and left Canton. Mr. Hsu sent in his resignation as Minister of Justice, which however, was not accepted. Then Mr. Hsu went to Tientsin and took up the chief editorship of the Social Welfare. Upon the return of Dr. Sun to power in Canton late 1920, Mr. Hsu resumed his activities with the movement. He was President of the Supreme Court of the Constitutional government and was charged also with the duties of the Minister of Justice. In June 1922, Li Yuan-hung became President in Peking again. Parliament was reconvcked. In September 1922 President Li appointed Mr. Hsu, Acting Minister of Justice. He did not afisutae office and was officially relieved of this post in November 1922. In October 1922 he was awarded by President Li the First Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration. Mr. Hsu is still in Canton holding several positions. He was a faithful follower of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. When not in office, Mr. Hsu practices law privately. He is a Christian, and in spite of his many duties in Canton Mr. Hsu finds time to conduct Bible classes and also answer the frequent calls to preach in the churches of the city. He is now Chancellor of the Central University recently established by the Southern government at Canton.
%ae
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321
Mr. Jabin Hsu (Hsu Chien-ping)
Mr. Jabin Hsu, one of the best known of the madern journalists in China, was born in Shanghai, March 26, 1889. He received his preliminary education in the Municipal Public School for Chinese, graduating in 1907. In the same year, he passed as one of the first five Chinese students tak- ing the Cambridge University local examinations. In 1908, Mr. Hsu acted as interpreter for a foreign law firm in Shanghai. In the following year, he became the editor of the Yu Shang Pao, a weekly commercial pa^er published in Chinese. In 1910 he passed the competitive examination of Tsing Hua College and was sent by the college to the Unlitied States, en- tering the University of Michigan in the fall of 1911. While in college, Mr. Hsu was active in college dramatics, oratory and journalism, appearing
322 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
in several college shows, and was winner of the Kauffman medal for oratory in 1913 and served as one of the editors of the Michigan Daily, besides holding many honorary offices. Upon completing his course in 1914, Mr. Hsu was appointed assistant news editor of the Detroit Tribune, which office he held at the beginning of the wodd war and relinquished only when he returned to China early in 1915. The following two years Mr. Hsu was engaged in legal work, being associated with one of the British law firms in Shanghai. He continued, however, his activities, his articles appearing in local Chinese and American papers. In March 1917, the China Press, invited him to join its staff and since then, Mr.. Ilsu's nam© has been closely identifed with this journal. In 1921, Mr. Hsu was elec- ted by the Chinese newspapers in Shanghai to represent them at the Press Congress of the World in Honolulu. After fufilling his duties at this gath- ering, he went on to America and attended, as staff correspondent of the China Press, the Conference on the Limitation of Armaments. While there, he also contributed articles for the New York Herald, the Balti- more Sun and the San Francisco Chronicle, which received considerable attention. Mr. Hsu returned to China in 1922 and spent considerable time traveling about the country. In recognition of his services in the news- paper world, he was appointed in 1923 managing director of the Shangihai Tribune Publishing Co., publishers of the Shanghai Tribune, which office he holds concurrently at present. Since 1922, Mr .Hsu has also been serving on the Advisory Committee of the Shanghai Municipal Council, besides be- ing director of a number of local organizations including the American University Club.
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323
Mr. Charles S. Y. Shu-Tze
/^ ti ^ M ©
(Hau Ch'ih)
Mr. Shu-Tze was born at Hangchow, Chekiang province, in 1886. He studied Political Science and Law and graduated from Christ College, Cambridge, England, and also the University Libre, Brusselles. After graduation Mr. Shu entered the Chinese diplomatic service. At different times he was secretary to the Chinese legations in Belgium', Switzerland and Spain. In January 1918 he was appointed Third Secretary to the Chinese Legation in Switzerland. In September 1920, Second Secretary to Chinese legation in Spain. During the Paris Peace Conference in 1920 Mr. Shu-Tze served as one of the secretaries of the Chinese Delegation. Upon his return to China he was appointed an Officer of Ceremony in the President's Mansion. In December 1920 Mr. Shu was appointed a Councillor of the Ministry at the Interior— this position he is still holding. In September 1921 he received the Third Class Chiaho and in October the
324 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Second Class Wenfu. In November 1922 Mr. Shu was appointed acting director of the Civil Affairs Department of the Ministry of the Interior. In the same month he received the appointment as chairman of the Commission for the Prevention of Famine under the Ministry. Mr. Shu was awarded the Second Tashou Chiaho in April 1923 and Second Class Paokuang Chiaho in October 1923. His present address is 27 Shih Fang Yuan East City, Peking, China.
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325
Mr. Hsu Un-yuen
^ .^ 7C ^ # *
Mr. Hsu Un-yuen, one of the leading financial authorities in China, is a native of Chekiang Prrovince, where he was born in 1884. He joined the Nanyang CoUegie, Shanghai, educated in the old school, and won his first degree in Chinese Classics 1897; from which he was graduated with high honors. He went to England in 1905; and in the following year, he entered the University of London. After completing a course in political economy, in the School of Economics and Politcal Science of that University, he did some research work on the subject of currency and banking. While in Enland, he made contributions to the Economic Journal and to other papers. He won the Jevons Memorial Research Scholarship: which is indeed a rare distinction. He was a fellow of the University College, London, as well as a fellow of several royal societies in England. After leaving the University, he worked
326 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
in the Union of London and Smith's Bank for nearly two years; working from the head office down to the country branches. For a time he served under His Excellency Wang Ta-hsieh, Chinese Constitutional CommissioTier to London; and he studied then the methods of English local government in matters pertaining to finance, education, police-protection, sanitation, prisons, poor laws, etc. He was a government delegate to the Currency Conference that met in London in 1911. Mr .Hsu has held many raspon- sible positions in Peking, such as: phief of the Departmient of Public Loans of the Ministry of Finance, Director of the Bureau of Audit, Special Commissioner of Currency Reform, Director of the Bureau of Public Credit, which is comprised of the department of Currency and Banking and Public Loans and the Treasury oif the Ministry of Finance ; Member of the Financial Commission appointed by the President; Deputy Director-General of the Bureau of Currency of which His Excellency Liang Chi-chao was Director- General. He was appointed Deputy Auditor-General of the Board of Audit, in May 1914; which post he held until 1917. During that time he was, on several occasions, appointed to act for the Direc/tJor-General of Audit. In June 1916, Mr. Hsu was appointed, concurrently, as Governor of the Bank of China, in which, at that time, a moo-atorium had been declared. While he was with this bank he tried his best to bring about the resum-ption o.f specie payment: and finally succeeded in doing so for the branches in Shantung, Shensi, Kwangtung, Tientsin and Kalgan. At the Peking branch, on account of an exceptionally heavy and continuous run, he adopted a system, known as the "Silver Exchange Standard." By means of this system he was able to maintain the price of the notes at approximately 98 per cent of their face value until he left the institution, in May 1917. In the summer of 1919, Mr. Hsu took a brief trip to America to study after-war financial conditions. In January 1920, he founded the Chinese Bank of Commerrce, capitalized at $10,000,000. The bank has its Exec- utive Office in Shanghai ; and maintains branches in Tientsin, Peking, Tsinan, Shanghai, Harbin and Shihkiachwang. Mr. Hsu is now Councellor of the Cabinet at Peking. He has traveled a good deal in Europe, in America, and in Japan, as well as in the interior (Of China. Among the many decorations which he has been awarded are: the first Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho, the Class Wenfu, the First Class Tashou Chiaho, and the Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur. He was a Shao-Ching during President Yuan ■Shih-kai's regime. Mr. Heu is fond of nature, and spends his time of re- creation principally in reading, walking and hill-climbing. With his excellent past record and his strong character, Mr. Hsu will no doubt do some great good for the benefit of his country in the near future.
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327
Mr. Hsu Fo-su
^ ^ B Mr, Hsu Fo-su was born Changsha, Hunan Province, in 1880, though his native home is Chekiang. While a student,he associated with persons who later became leaders of either reform movements or revolutionary par- ties. He studied political science and graduated from Higher Normal Col- lege in Tokyo. While in Japan Mr. Hsu joined Mr. Liang Chi-chiao's party advocating constitutional monarchy. He assisted in the running of the famous magazine Hsin Ming Chung Pao, edited by Liang Chi-chiao. After the Boxer trouble, Mr. Hsu's political principles gradually changed and he began to advocate revolution. In 1903, he returned to China in company with over twenty persons including the late General Tsai Ac. Several members of the party were left at Shanghai where a newspaper organ was founded. Mr. Hsu and many others secretly returned to Hunan to start a revolution. They failed because their plot was discovered by the authori- ties. A few of their colleagues were taken prisoners and Mr. Hsu and the
328 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
late General Huang Hsin fled to Shanghai disguised as coolies. Upon reaching Shanghai, Mr. Hsu found that the Shanghai members including men like Chang Tai-yen had been arrested by the Mixed Court and their organ closed in June 1903. H\e was also arrested and remained in prisoti for three months after which they were released by order of the Peking imperial government. Mr .Hsu sailed for Japan again. There he took up the study of law and political science and his principles underwent another change returning to constitutional reform and he joined Liang Chi-chiao's party again. It was at this time the Constitutional Party came into existence and openly challenged the Revolutionary Party headed by Sun Yat-sen. In 1907 Mr. Hsu returned to China, and started the movement of urging the government to adopt a constitutional system. In December 1908, as a result of repeated representations, by the people, an Imperial Edict was pro- mulgated promising to introduce constitutional government after nine years during which period of time preparations would be made. Mr. Hsu then influenced the advisory councils of the different provinces to form a joint representative body demanding the government to shorten the preparation period. At the same time he established a newspaper organ in Peking called Kuo Ming Kung Pao to support the representation. In November 1910 the Peking government made a declaration to convoke a parliament in 1913 but on the other hand gave instructions to the provincial governors to dissolve all the representative bodies. Mr. Hsu's, Ming Kung Pao was at once closed and many leaders were arrested* The reaction was that most of the prominent persons who had been hitherto advocating a constitutional monarchy became revolutionists. A big revolutionary plan was laid with Mr. Hsu as agent for Hunan province. Men like the late Tong Hua-lung, General Tan Yen-kai, Ling Chang-ming Sun Hung-i, and Wen Shih-lin were in this movement as agents for their own respective provinces. The First Revolution broke out at Wuchang in October 1911. Through the efforts of these agents, many provinces responded to the revolutionary call. After the establishment of the Reipulic in 1912, Mr. Hsu went to Peking where he again started his paper the Kuo Ming Kung Pao. He did not accept any official position until 1914 when President Yuan Shih-kai gave him a post political councillor. Mr. Hsu ,took a very strong attitude against (Yuan Shih-kai when the latter launched his monarchical movement in 1915. He was one of the important members of the revolt which overthrew Yuan Shih-kai's movement, the other members being the late General Tsai Ao, Liang Chi-chiao, and several others. Mr. Hsu did not accept any offer of high position during President Li Yuan-hung's regime. The dissolution of the First Parliament prior to Chang Hsun's monarchical attempt in 1917 and the refusal of the northern leaders to reconvoke it after Chang Hsun's overthrow finally resulted in the opening of civil strife between the north and the south. In September 1918 Hsu Shih-chang was elected President by the New Parliament., To him Mr. Hsu submitted the idea of calling a Peace Conference to axscomplish China's reunification. This was accepted and was agreed to by the southern leaders. In December 1918 Peking ap- pointed Chu Chi-chien as Chief Deilegate and Mr. Hsu and eight others as members of the Northern Delegation. The experience Mr. Hsu gained in
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the Peace Conference, which resulted in nothing, led him to believe it was impossible to re-establish the absolute centralization of power in Peking, Then he wrote a book entitled Self-Government of the Southwestern Pro- vinces and Peace, in which he advocated the formation of a federation among the southwestern provinces and final unification by an understanding between this Union and, the Northern government. This idea on one hand received the approval of the southwestern leaders who actually put it into practice and on ,the other hand incurred the displeasure of the northern leaders. In the autumn of 1920 Mr. Hsu, in cooperation with Liang Chi- chiao, Hsiung Hsi-Ung and Fang Yuan-lien, drafted a provincial constitu- tion for the province of Hunan. It was submitted to the Hunan government and was adopted by the Hunan Provisional Assembly in the winter of 1920. During 1921-22 Mr. Hsu devoted his time and energy -entirely to the pro- motion of a federal system throughout the different provinces. In the spring of 1921 he gathered together a number of prominent persons and organized the Federation Government Association whose object was to push through the adoption of this system of government. In June 1922 Mr. Hsu was appointed by the Peking government Director-General of the Currency Bureau. In October he received the Second Class Paokua Chiaho. In March 1923 Mr. Hsu was appointed President of the Commission for the Discus- sion of China's Finance and was awarded the First Glas3 Tashou Chiaho Decoration.
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330
WHO'S Who in china
Mr. Hsu Fu-lin
Mr. Hsu Fu-lin was born at Ho-ping Hsien, Kuangtung Province, in 1870. He became an orphan wlien he was only three years old. But he was a studious boy and now is one of the noted scholars in that province. Under the old Competitive Examination system, Mr. Hsu was a Senior Licentiate. From the Peking Law College he graduated and then he went to study in Japani'. He graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Law from the Hosie University. After his return to China, Mr, Hsu became a secretary to the Judicial Commissioner — then called Ch'a Shih — of his own province. Mr. Hsu played an important part in the First Revolution. He was provincial assemblyman chosen by the Ho-ping district to Canton. In January 1912 he was in Nanking as a member of the National Council which drafted the Provisional Conststiution. This Council was transferred to Peking in March 1912 to act as the Legislature unt/il the inauguration of the new two-chamber National Assembly. This Assembly was formally
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA sn
inaugurated in April 1913, and Mr. Hsu became a Member of the lower Hcuse representing Kuangtung Province. In January 1914 the National Assembly was dissolved by Yuan Shih-kai. Mr. Hsu then went to Japan. In April 1915 he returned to Shanghai and founded two political magazines called "Righto usness" and "New Chung Hua" the main object of which was to oppose the absolute rule of Yuan Shih-kai.
When Yuan Shih-kai launched his monarchical attempt, in the winter of 1915, Mr. Hsu and many other republican leaders published in Shanghai a daily paper called "Chung Hua Hsin Pao" which was then considered the only paper for the Republic. Through this paper Mr. Hsu rendered valu- able service to the Republican Army headed by the late General Tsao Ao. A reward of $100,000 was put up by Yuan Shih-kai for the arrest of Mr. Hsu. Mr. Hsu was in Peking as member of the Lower House again from July 1916 until June 1917 when the National Assembly was again dis- solved, this time by Li Yuan-hung as demanded by the different military leaders, who took strong exception to the draft of the New Constitfu,tion by the Assembly. 'Subsequently Mr. Hsu went to Canton where a military government had been formed in which Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Tang Shao-yi and Wu Ting-fang took the leading role and whither the ex- Parliamentarians proceeded to re-establish Constitutionalism. Under this Canton new govern- ment Mr. Hsu at different times held the followiing positions: Chief Justice of the High Court, Minister of Justice, and Chief Justice of the "Supreme Court.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Singloh Hsu
^ F&f ^> ^ S ?ft
(Hsu Hsin-liu)
Mr. Singloh Hsu was born in 1890 at Hangchow, Chekiang. After having obtained education in Chinese classics and literature at home, he entered the Imperial Poljrtechnic College (Nanyang College) Shanghai, from which he was graduated in 1907. In 1908, M,r. Hsu went to England with the Chekiang Provincial government's support and entered Birmingham Un- iversity to study science. He graduated in 1911 with the degree of B. Sc. Subsequently Mr. Hsu entered the Faculty of Commerce, Victoria Un- iversity of Manchester when he was graduated in 1913 with the degree of B. Com. Mr. Hsu then went to Paris and entered the Ecole des Sciences Politiques (Finance Section). Mr. Hsu returned to China in 1914. The next year, he joined the Ministry of Finance, Peking, as a "Chien Shih" Secretary, which position he later resigned to join the Bank of China aa associate director of the Treasury Department. In 1917 Mr. Hsu again
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joined the Ministry of Finance as a Secretary to the Minister. He returned again to the Bank of China in 1918 as sub-manager of the Peking Office. In 1919 Mr. Hsu was sent to Europe by the g^overnment and attached to Mr. Liang Chi-chiao's Mission. While in Europe, he served as Chinese Technical Delegate for Reparations. He returned to China in July of the same year. Subsequently Mr. Hsu organized the Sintoon Overseas Trading Co , Ltd. and he was elected to be a managing director. In the same year assistant general manager. Mr. Hsu was awarded by the Peking govern- ment the Third Class Chiaho in December 1918 and the Third Class Wenfu in January 1920,
AH
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Mr. Hsu Jen Tsing
(Hsu Jen-Chun)
Perhaps no other man has done more to improve the public utilities and sanitary conditions in Chapei than Mr. Hsu Jen-tsing, director of the Chapei Public Works, who ateo holds the office of the Chief of Com- missariat of the Yamen of the Military Governor of Sunkiang and Shang- hai. Mr. Bsu is forty-nine years old and is a native of Wuhsien, Kiangsu. After receiving his preliminary education under the old literary examina- tion system, he served as secretary to various high officials in North and South China as well as those along the Yangtsze Valley. Later he re- ceived a high course of education in finance and law and held several important positions in Kwangtung Province. In 1913 he was appointed by Admiral Tseng Jucheng, then Military Commissioner of Shanghai to join hia commissariat. When General Yang Shan-teh succeeded Admiral
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Tseng upon the latter's assassination, he appointed Mr. Hsu head of the department. In this capacity, Mr. Hsu has served since under Generals Lu Yung-hsiang and Ho Feng-Iin to the satisfaction of both. Since 1921, Mr. Hsu has been holding the directorship of the Chapei Public Works concur- rently; and his work is being appreciated by the residents in Chaipei. Many improvements have been made in the municipal administration while new roads have been constructed to facilitate the communicationa. Laet year, he repaired the banks of the Soocohw Creek and the road along the water front, constructed the Chun Hsin Road, remodelled Paoshan Road and widened the Ta Tung Road, which work drew* a considerable amount of favorable comment. Along his new plans are the reconstruction of the Sinza Road Bridge and the building of another reinforced concrete bridge across the Soochow Creek at Kwan Fu Road where the district is thickly populated. Many decorations have been awarded Mr. Hsu by the Central government. The highest of these is the Second Class Chiaho. His official rank is that of the Chief of an Army Commi^ariat. He is also Brevet Coun- sellor of the Ministry of Finance, advisor to the Cabinet, the Director of Military Rehabilitation of Chekiang, the Governor of Chekiang and the Woosung Bureau of Commercial Development and delegate to the National Conference of River Conservancy. He has been in Shanghai more than ten years and is well-versed in the diplomatic and political situation of the locality.
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General Hsu Lan-chou
Wrmm^^ m
General Hsu Lan-chou, was born in Nan Kun Hsien, Chihli, in 1873. He followed President Hsu Shih-chang, who was at that time Viceroy of Manchuria to Fengtien as a member of the Viceroy.'s staff. Later he was attached to General Chang Hsun's force as commander of a section of the patrol troops. In 1912, General Hsu was promoted to be a brigade commander with the rank of lieutenant general. In 1913, he was given the official rank of major general for his successful suppression of the Sun Ya-hu band of Hunghutze. In 1914, he was acting commander of the 3rd Division in Heilungkiang. In 1917, he expelled General Pi Kuei-fang, then Military Governor of Heilungkiang, and succeeded him subsequently, as acting Military Governor. Later Peking appointed General Pao Kwei-ching
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 337
to be Military Governor of Heilungkiang to succeed General Hsu and Gen- eral Hsu was transferred to be adviser to General Chang Tso-ling. In December 1917 he was appointed by the Central government to be aide de camp of the College of Marshals, Peking, and he held this post for a brief period. In October 1920 he was conferred the Fifth Order of Merit. In December 1920 he became commander of the Fengtien troqps in Mukden and Chief of Staff to General Chang Tso-ling, High Inspecting Commissioner of Manchuria. During the Chihll-Fengtien War in 1922, General Hsu took an active part as Commander of one brigade of Cavalry. After the defeat of Fengtien, General Hsu retired into private life and has been residing in Tientsin ever since that time.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. C* L* Zeen
(Hsu Mon)
Mr. C. . L. Zeen, promoter and director of the China Industrial Train- ing Works and manager of the Bank of Kiangnan, was born in 1862 in the village of Hsuyang, Yu Yao, Chekiang. At the age of 14, Mr. Zeen came to Shanghai to join one of the commercial houses. Although the studying of English at that time was not so much in vogue as now, he devoted his spare time to learning this language with a measurable amount of success. Except for a short time he spent in Chinkiang as manager of a local firm there, he has spent practically all his time in Shanghai. In 1882 he became manager of Messrs. Moutrie and Co. Ltd- In 1911, Mr. Zeen served on the commission for the Nanking Exposi- tion and attracted world wide attention for his work in planning the grounds and constructing the roads. During the First Revolution, he organized the Chapei Volunteer Corps along the same lines as the Shang- hai Volunteer Corps, of which the Chinese Company was ajso promoted
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by Mr. Zeen and his friends. During the Second Revolution when Nantao saw the havoc of war, he organized relief parties which handled over 10,000 families, housing them under temporary quarters and feeding them in the extreme heat of the summer. But the outstanding feature of Mr. Zeen's social welfare work is the promotion and establishment of the Anti- Kidnapping Society for the relief of women and children who have fallen into the hands of outlaws. Branch bureaus have been established in Mukden, Yingkow, and Changchun where most of these unfortunate victims are shipped to after their capture. Several thousand victims have been saved by this institution, which maintains a home for these destitutes in Kiangwan where they are clothed, fed and educated until they are capable of supporting themselves. In 1913, Mr. Zeen organized the International Famine Relief Committee. In 1915, he served on the International War Relief Committee and in 1917 he succeeded in collecting over a million dollars for the Chihli-Fengtien Famine Relief Commisaion. All in all, he has participated in over a dozen drives for relief funds, receiving com- mendatory tablets from practically all the high officials of the nation. Besides his numerous activities, he is also serving now as a director of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce; chairman of the Honan Famine Relief Society; chairman of the Chi Seng Hospital, Chapei; dir- ector of second company, Chapei Fire Brigade ; director, Kiangwan Electric Works; and director, Chinese Ratepayers' Association. For his meritor- ious service, he has been awarded the Second Class Chiaho Decoration.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr- Hsu Shih-chan^
^ tft # '45 « «
(Hsu Shih-chang)
Mr. Hbu Shih-chang, is a native of Tientsin, Chihii Province, and was born in 1886. He is a brother of ex-President Hsu Shih-chang. While still a student of the Imperial College of Languages, Peking, he was appointed as Attache to the Imperial Ck)mmissioners to study financial
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 341
conditions in Belgium. While residing there he took an entrance exaraina- in 1908. In the spring of 1909 he returned to China. In the same year he was sent by the Civil Governor of Kirin to investigate commercial conditions in Belgium. While residing there he took an entrance examina- tion, and was admitted to the Liege University. He obtained the Degree of Bachelor of Commerce in 1911. Inn the summer of 1911 Mr. Hsu was appointed by the Chinese Minister to Italy and the Italian Minister of Labor and Commerce as Judge to the Turin International Exposition. Upon the closing of the exposition he was awarded a certificate and medal by the Italian government. He then left for England, Germany, France, Switezerland, Holland, Luxembourg and other European countries to make practical investigations in commercial and railway administration. In 1912 Mr. Hsu returned to China and was appointed a member of the Ministry of Communications. In November he was made a Junior Clerk assigned to work in the Trafiic Division of the Railway Department, Ministry of Communications. In May 1913 he was appointed assistant accountant of the Lunghai Railway. In July 1914 he became acting assistant director of the Engineering Administration of the Western Section of the Lunghai Railway. In July 1915 he was prom>oted to be assistant director, and in November was awarded an Order of Appreciation by the President for the prompt completion of the construction work. He was conferred the Fifth Class Chiaho in May, 1916.
Four months later, Mr. Hsu was appointed assistant managing director of the Peking-Hankow Railway. In January 1917 he was awarded the Fourth class Chiaho. In March he was sent to Japan to attend the cele- bration commemorating the joint China-Japan through traffic arrangements and also to study the administration of railroads, posts, telegraphs and navigation. On his return, he was appointed managing director of the Tientsin-Pukow line. Concurrently, he acted as the Director-General of the Pu Sing Railway (Pukow S'ngyangchow). In July 1917, he was made Councillor to tlie Headquarters of the Expeditionary Force. In September he was appointed a member of the Commission for the Investigation of Communications and in October he received the second class Paokuang De- coration. He served as a member of the Committee on the Unification of Railway Rules and Regulations in November, and a month later was awarded the Medal of Honor by the Ministry of Communications, and at the same time received the second class Wen Hu Decoration. In' March 1918 he was appointed a member of the Joint Commission for the Prevention of Plague on the Chinese Government Railway and also acted as Chief of the Plague Prevention Bureau of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway. In June he was appointed a member of the Traffic Conference, and received the Honor Certificate from the Ministry of Communications in August. Two months later he received an Order of Appreciation from the President. In December he was conferred the second class Tashou Paokuang Chia Ho. In January 1919 he was specially requested to act as High Advisor to the Inspector-General of the Yang'tse River and to the Military Governor of Kiangsu-Province. In the same month he was appointed Co-Director of the Administration for the Repatriation of Enemy Subjects.
342 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
In February he was requested to act as Adviser to the Civil and Military Governor of Shantung. For services rendered in connection with the Plague Prevention Commission he was again given an Order of Appreciation by the President. In November Mr. Hsu was awarded the second class Tashou Chia Ho Decoration. In March 1920 he was appointed Director-General of the Pu-Hsing Railway. At the end of the month he was instructed to act concurrently as the managing director of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway. In August 1920 he was appointed Vice- Minister of Communications and also appointed by the Ministry of Communications to act concur- rently as Director-General of Railways, Chairman of the Standing Com- mittee on the Unification of Railway AccountB and Statistics, Dep,uty Governor of the Bank of Commujiications and Chairman of the Commission for the study of Freedom of International Transit and Communications. In December 1920 Mr. Hsu wias ordered to make preparations for the organization of the Communication University. In January 1921 Mr. Hsu was conferred the Second Class Tashou Chiaho and appointed to hold con- currently the post of Director General of the Post. In August 1921 Mr. Hsu was conferred the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and in October the First Class Wenfu. During October-December 1921 he received three additional appointments, viz: chief the International Communications Bur- eau; associate director of the Famine Relief Bureau; and director gen- eral of the currency bureau. In June 1922 Mr. Hsu was relieved of the directorship of the currency bureau and also vice-directorship of the Famine Relief Bureau. General Hsu retired to private life in 1922.
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343
Mr. Hsu Shih-ch'ang
Mr. Hsu Shih-ch'ang was born at Tientsin in 1858. He became an orphan when a youth and was brought up by the late Yuan Chia-san, father of the late President Yuan Shih-kai. Mr. Hsu was born of a literary family and was given a good education. He passed through the successive literary examinations and became a Hanlin or Metropolitan Graduate in 1886. Subsequently Mr. Hsu was appointed a Leader of the Oollege of Literature. In November 1903 he became Senior Councillor of the Board of Oimmerce. In June 1904 he was made Probationary Grand Councillor. One year later he became a Minister of Government Council. In. October 1905 Mr. Hsu was appointed President of the Board of the Civil Administration. In February 1906 he was promoted to be a Grand Councillor of the State. In November 1906 he was removed from the Grand
344 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Council in consequence of certain reform measures which he recommended to the Throne and which offended the Court. But in January 1907 he was appointed to accompany Prince Tsai Chen on a Special Mission to Man- churia. Upon his return to the Capital, he was asked to be the President of the Board of the Interior. In April 1907, he was appointed Viceroy of Manchuria, where he stayed until February 1909, when he was recalled and appointed President of the Board of Communications. Five months afterwards, he became concurrently the Director-General of the Tientsin- Pukow Railway. In March 1910 Mr. Hsu was made Assistant Grand Secretary of the State and Grand Councillor of the State in August 1910'. In Prince Ching's Cabinet, which was organized in May 1911, he was given the position of Associate Prime Minister. This office he resigned shortly afterwards in order to accept the office of the Vice-President of the Privy Council on November 1, 1911. Although he is a literary man, Hsu was appointed Chief of the General Staff in December 1911. The next month he was authorized by an edict to be High Commissioner for the Emperor, the most honorable position he could ever desire under the Manchu Dynasty. In February 1912, he was relieved of the office of Chief of the General Staff. On the resignation of the Prince Regent, President Hsu was again appointed, together with Shih Hsu, Grand Guardian of the Emperor. After that First Revolution, Mr. Hsu retired to private life. Being a "sworn" brother of the late President Yuan Shih-kai, Mr. Hsu became Secretary of State in May 1914. He served the Republican govern- ment in that capacity until fend of October that year when he tendered his resignation. After the First Revolution and the establishment of the Re- public, Mr. Hsu took a trip to Japan and there he met a number of prominent Japanese officials. He did not stay there as long as it was ex- pected because of his sickness Necessitating his early reiturn to China. Being a "sworn" brother of Yuan Shih-kai, Mr. Hsu could not very well stay away from politics. In May 1914 he was appointed Secretary of State in the place of the Prime Minister when Yuan Shih-kai had taken over the administrative power'. 'Mr. Hsu took leave of absence in October 1915 when Yuan Shih-kai had launched his monarchical movement. Subsequently Mr. Hsu was given the title of "The Four Friends of Sungshan" by Yuan Shih-kai who (considered him' as the mountain Sungshan, in Honan, his own province, and Hsu Shih-ch'ang, Chao Erh-hsun, Li Ching- hsi and Chang Chien as the other four famous mountains in China'. In March 1916, at the time when Yuan Shih-kai's movement was about to fail, Mr. Hsu was again appointed Secretary of St&te. He re- mained in this position just for one month and was relieved by Marshal Tuan Chi-jui who became Secretary of State for two rafonths and then Prime Minister after the death of Yuan Shih-kai. Mr. Hsu retired to Honan, where his home was, for some time. He returned to Peking in November 1916 to mediate between the President Li Yuan-hung and the Premier Tuan Chi-jui. During the unsettled period, 1917-1918, he re- mained detached from Peking politics, but without losing his influence over the contending factions. On September 4, 1918, Mr. Hsu, was elected President of the Republic of China, at a joint meeting of the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 345
Senate and House of Representatives of the so-called "Tuchuns' Parlia- ment," by 425 out of 436 vottes. 'Mr. Hsu receivdd the honorary degree of Doctor of Literature from the University of Paris in 1921. In June that year he sent Mr. Chu Chichien to represent him on the occasion of awarding th'.s degree by the authorities of the University at Par'ia. Mr. Hsu vacated the Presidency on June 1, 1922 and left for Tientsin on the following day. Ever since that time he has been living in retirement in his Tientsin home.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Ksu Shie-ying
Mr. Hsu Shih-ying was born at Chiu-pu Hsien, Anhui Province, in 1872. He became a Pa Kung or Senior Licentiate in 1897. He began his official career as a member in the Law Compilation Bureau under the Board of Justice. In 1908 he became Associate Chief of the High Court of Jus- tice for the Province of Fengtien. Some time laiter he was transferred to become the Judicial Commissioner of Shansi. In 1910 Mr. Hsu ac- companied Mr. George Hsu Chien, then a high Judicial Official in Peking, to Europe on a special mission to investigate and study judicial conditions existing in the different European countries. They were also sent to the United States to attend the Eighth Conference on Prison Reforms. In the beginning of 1912 Mr. Hsu was in the Secretariat of General Chang Hsi-luan, then Military Governor of Chihli. In May 1912 he was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Peking. In July 1922 he became Minister of Justice. Mr. Hsu resigned from the Minister- ship in September 1913. In October 1913 he was appointed Civil
WHO'S WHO IN CHLNA 347
Governor of Fengcien. In March 1914 he resigned from this position and in May 1914 he received the appointment to be Civil Governor of Fukie-n. In April 1916 Mr. Hsu left Foochow for Peking and a month later he resigned from the Civil Governorship of Fukien. In June 1916 he was transferred to be Minister of Communications. In May 1917 Mr. Hsu was involved in a case in connection with the purchase of cars for the Tien- tsin-Pukow Railway and he tendered his resignation. In December 1913 Mr. Hsu was conferred the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In March 1920 he was conferred the Fourth Order of Merit. In September 1921 Mr. Hsu received two appointments: director general of Anhui Famine Relief and Civil Governor of Anhui. In September 1922 he was conferred Acting Minister of Justice but he did not take up the appointment. In January 1923 Mr. Hsu was appointed Director of the Government Aeronautic Department but owing to opposition from certain military quarters he was not able to assume office and was officially relieved of this post in November 1923.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Hsu Seu- Cheng
!i m m-t-xm
General Hsu Sbn-^heng was born at Hsuchow, Kiangsu province, in 1883. He is a scholar in Chinese history and literature. He studied in the Peiyang Military College when he was little over twenty years of age. After graduation he served Tuan Chi-jui in a minor capacity. General Hsu was a mere clerk to Tuan when the latter was commanding the Sixth Division of the Imperial Army with headquarters at Nanyuan, south suburb of Peking. General Hsu's application and industry rapidly won Tuan's esteem. In December 1908 General Hsu was sent at the recommenda- tion of Tuan by the government to Japan among the 7th Group of Chinese students to study in Military Officers' Academy. From this institution he was graduated in the infantry course in May 1910. He returned to China and joined Tuan Chi-jui in Hupei where he was
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 349
then commanding trooi^ at Hupei. In 1912 when Tuan Chi-jui came to Peking to be Minister of War, he followed him hither. First he was a secretary of the Ministry. In May 1914 General Hsu was made a Lieutenant General and appointed Vice-Minister of War. This post he held until June 1915 when he retired with Tuan Chi-jui, being dissatisfied with Yuan Shih-kai's ambitious movements. In April 1916 when Yuan Shih-kai's monarchical attempt was nearing failure, Tuan Chi-jui became Secretary of State again. In June, following the death of Yuan, Tuan became Prime Minister again, re-establishing the responsible cabinet system, and General Hsu was appointed Chief Secretary of the Cabinet. In November 1916 General Hsu resigned from the secretaryship as a result of a conflict of opium with Ting Shih-to, then Chief Secretary of President Li Yuan-hung. In the summer of 1917 General Hsu was ap- pointed Chief of the Administrative Department of the College of Mar- shals. In July 1917 he rendered valuable service in overthrowing Chang Hsun's attempt to restore the boy emperor. The campaign was led by Marshal Tuan Chi-jui. Tuan became Prime Minister in July 1917 and con- currently Acting Minister of War. In August General Hsu was appointed Vice Minister of War. Tuan's administration proved disagreeable to many of the Northern leaders, while the Southern leaders, who had mobilized to oust Chang Hsun, distrusted Tuan, and declined to recognize his authority. Finally over the question regarding home peace, Tuan resigned from the Prime Ministry in November 1917. General Hsu retired with him. In December 1917 Marshal Tuan was appointed Director-General of the European War Participation Bureau. In March 1918, General Hsu restored Tuan to the premiership by coercing President Feng Kuo-chang to issue the Mandate announcing the appointment of Tuan to head the cabinet with the troops borrowed from Fengtien. He had appointed himself As- sistant Commander of these troops. In October 1918 General Hsu was sent on a special mission to Japan. Previous to this appointment he had been given the brevet rank of a Full General. In June 1919 General Hsu was appointed Director General of the Northwestern Frontier Development, concurrently Director General of Outer Mongolian Affairs and Commander General of the Northwestern Frontier Defence Forces. In that capacity he effected the cancellation of the autonomy of Outer Mongolia at the beginning of 1920. In January 1920 he was awarded the Sectond Order of Merit. In February 1920 General Hsu was appointed to be concurrently Director General of the proposed Kalgian-Urga Railway. Meanwhile the government of North China had remained in the hands of the so-called Anfu Clique and its many military patrons headed by Tuan Chi-jui. Public hostility to the government found expression in May 1919 in the students's demonstrations in Peking, which led to the resignation of Tsao Ju-lin who was held responsible for many of the unpopular Japan- ese loans that had enabled that Clique to retain office for a long period of time. In 1920, however, Tuan Chi-jui and his "Anfu" proteges were still in power, among them was General Hsu. The Chihli and Fengtien Tuchuns took advantage of public hostility towards the faction in power to force matters to an issue. The dismissal of General Hsu was demanded by Gen- eral Wu Pei-fu and General Tsao Kun, the Chihli Tuchun. President Hau
350 WHOS WHO IN CHINA
Shih ch'ang yielded. Then, as the result of the opposition of the "Tuchuns Parliament" and the Anfu leaders, President Hsu d'smissed Wu Pei-fu and censured Tsao Kun. These Generals accepted the challenge and in coopera- tion with General Chang Tso-lin, the Fengtien Tuchun, undertook to sup- port the government by the forcible removal of the Anfu Party. The power of the Anfu leaders collapsed after a few engagements. Finally General Hsu fled for refuge to the Japanes9 Legation, It was about the last week of July 1920. On July 4, General Hsu was removed from the Director Generalship of the Northwestern Frontier Development and ap- pointed a Marshal of the College of Marshals with the two-word special title "Yuan-Wei." On July 28, the post of Commander General of the North- western Frontier Defence Forces was abolished and a Mandate was issued depriving General Hsu of all the honors, appointments and decorations and ordering his arrest'. General Hsu remained in the Japanese Legation until November 13, 1920 when the Chinese government was informed by the Japanese Minister that General Hsu had mysteriously escaped the previous night. He has remained at large ever since that time. In Octobsr 1922 General Hsu was implicated in the revolt against the Fuklen Tuchun. Before this he Wrote a book on the subject of How to Run a Government, in which he suggested a special system. To make a trial of the system he advocated, General Hsu made use of the occupation troops at Chuan Chow, Fukien, whose commander-in-Chief was in sympathy with him, and thus declared independence. But owing to lack of support as indicated by the fact that no response was made from other quarters his plan failed and he fled to Japan. Subsequently another Mandate was issued ordering his arrest. In the autumn of 1924 Mr. Hsu returned to Shanghai and unofficially assisted the Anfu-Fengtien party in the fighting against Marshal Chi Hsieh- yuan and the Chihli forces which began on September 1, 1924. Following' the sudden departure of the Anfu leader Lu Yung-hsiang for Japan, Gen- eral Hsu attempted to reorganize Lu's defeated troops for a fresh stand on the borders of the French Settlement but came into conflict with the foreign authorities, owing to his alleged violation of the settlement regulations pertaining to the plotting of disorder while residing in the Settlement. General Hsu was arrested and placed under surveillance but soon after departed on a trip to Europe. The Chinese government appointed him Special Commissioner to investigate the economic conditions in Europe.
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351
Mr. Hsu Kwan-nan
^ ^ -^ S iS
Mr. Hsu Kwan-nan, was born at Wucheng, Chekiang Province, in 1867. At the comparatively young age of 23, he succeeded in passing the second series of literary examinations, became a Chu Jen (Provincial Graduate), and was appointed a junior secretary of the Prime Minister. In 1898, he was given the post of Chief of the Shantung Section of the Board of Finance. It was while serving in this capacity in the capital that Mr. Hsu devoted his spare time in establishing the Huai Wen College in Pek- ing, for which work the Imperial government bestowed upon him the honor of "Special Commendation by Edict" as a result of the recom-
352 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
mendation made by the then Minister of Education, Sun Chia-nai. In 1903, Mr. Hsu was appointed Expectant Taotai of Kiangsa. In the following year, he was given the Brevet Second Rank for his contribution towards the repair of the Imperial West Garden. Iri 1905, the late Sheng Kung Pao, as Minister of Railways, took a great deal of interest in him and obtained the consent of the Peking Administration to have him direct the railway and mining section of his yamen. In, the same year, the late Yuan Shih-k'ai recommended to the throne Mr. Hsu's immediate appoint- ment as a Taotai of the most important circuit on account of the latter's record in securing funds for the famine relief work in Chihli Province. This was confirmed by an imperial edict. Following the inauguration of the Republic, Mr. Hsu devoted most of his time to philanthropic work in his home province and in Shanghai ; and at the same time took an interest in industrial development of the country, being organizer of the Nantao Water Works of Shanghai, of which he is the managing director. The matter was brought to the attention of the president and in 1916, a com- mendatory tablet was awarded him by the president. For his work in raising funds for the International Famine Relief Work, the Third Class Chiaho was conferred on him in 1920. The next year saw Mr. Hsu acting as an advisor to the Ministry of Finance, being decorated with the Second Class Chiaho. In 1922, in recognition of his services in doing relief work for the Kansu earthquake, the government ordered his records to be filed with the Cabinet for an early appointment to an important post. Besides being a director of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce at Shanghai, Mr. Hsu is serving on the board of direcitors of many banks in Shanghai. Chekiang, Canton and Hongkong.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
3S3
Lieut. Commander T. S. Chu
(Hsu Tsu-Shan)
Lieut. Commander T. S. Chu, was born at Wusih, Kiangsu in 1890. He received his naval education in the Nanking Naval Academy, graduating from that institution at the head of his class in 1908. Following his graduation, Commander Chu served in the Chinese Navy on the high seas for two years. In 1910, he was sent by the government to pursue a course in naval architecture in the United States. Commander Chu studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where the degree of M. A. in Naval Architecture was conferred on him in 1915. During the subsequent
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two years he worked in various Navy Yards and Submarine Works as naval architect. In the winter of 1916, he wrote a book in Chinese on Submarine Construction, which was published by the Commercial Press, Shanghai. Early in 1917, Commander Chu was deputed by the Ministry of Navy to participate in watching the Great European Conflict, being attached to the Second of the Grand Fleet of Great Britain and the fleets of France and Italy, visiting practically all the important scenes of war both on land and on sea. In recognition of his services with the Grand Fleet, the British govern- ment has conferred on Commander Chu the Disting:uished Service Order, In the winter of 1918, Commander Chu was appointed Assistant-Naval At- tache to the Chinese Legation in London. In the following year, he served on the Committee on Naval Affairs at the Paris Peace Conference. As one of the commissioners to inspect the autumn manoeuvres of Japan, Commander Chu went to Japan in the fall of 1919. Upon his re- turn, he was attached to the Bureau of Naval Affairs of the Ministry of Navy, with the rank of sectional chief, holding concurrently the office of special commissioner at Shanghai of the Department of Aeronautics. In the Spring of 1920, Commander Chu was delegated by the Chinese government to welcome the Italian Army aviators engaged in the Rome- to-Tokio flight. In February 1921, he was appointed acting Councillor of the government Aeronautic Bureau and concurrently chief of the general affairs department of the same bureau. In December 1922, he was ap- pointed superintendent of the Kiaochow Customs, which position he is still holding. He was awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho in January 1923.
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355
Hsu Tung-fan
Mr. Hsu Tung-fan was born in Shantung. After graduating from the Peking Government University, Mr. Hsu went to England and studied at the University of Birmingham, from which institution he took the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and Economics. While in London, Mr. Hsu did some research work in international law, constitutional law and economics, at the same time gaining some practical experience in banking at the famous English house of Lloyds' and in the Belgian Bank. Proceeding to the Continent, Mr. Hsu took special courses in the Un- inversities of Zurich and Laussane and during the Versailles Conference, he did much for the Chinese cause in the way of spreading propaganda speeches and writing for the newspapers. Upon his return to China, he was appointed secretary to Chu Ying-kuang, Civil Governor of Shantung and after Chu retired. General Tien Chung-yu, Chu's successor, made Hsu his chief foreign secretary, which position he still holds. Mr.
356 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Hsu was attached to the Chinese delegation at Washington as councillor, at the same time representing the people of Shantung. He delive- red numerous addresses during his stay in the United States and made many American friends. In June 1922, Mr. Hau was appointed chief associate of Dr. C. T. Wang, director-General for the rehabilitation of Shantung Rights. In the same month, he received the Third Class Tashou Chiaho. In January 1923, Mr. Hsu was referred to the ministry of foreign affairs for appointment, and also received the Second Glass Tashou Ghiaho.
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3^7
Dr. Showin Wetzen Hsu
(Hsu Wei-chen)
Dr. Showin Wetzen Hsu was born in Tunghsiang Hsien, Chekiang pro- vince, in 1881. In 1898 he entered Nanyang College, Shanghai, and after his graduation he was sent by that College to America for further pur- suance of study. He arrived there in the spring of 1905 and joined the Hastings Law School of the University of California. After the San Fran- cisco earthquake and fire in April, 1906, he went to the University of Chicago to continue his law studies. In order to specialize in Political
3^8 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Science. International Law and Diplomacy under Dr. Harding, Dr. Wood- burn and Professor Hershey, he entered the University of Indiana in the fall of 1908, where he received a law degree the following year. In the latter part of 1909 Dr. Hsu was recalled by the Ministry of Communications and was appointed as a legal adviser in the Councillor's Department. In 1910 he was appointed to the position of a legal adviser to the Naval Commission. In August he passed successfully the Competi- tive Examination given to the returned students. In December when the Ministry of the Navy was established he was appointed the Judicial Officer of the said Ministry. In 1911 when he took the Palace Examination he was awarded the M. A. degree and wa<s appointed Secretary of the Minis- try of Education. In the same year he was appointed by the Ministry of Communcations as Chief of the Bureau for Foreign Affairs in the Direc- torate-General of the Chinese Railways. In July when war between Italy and Turkey broke out he was specially commissioned by the Ministry of Navy to consult the Ministries for Foreign Affairs and Army to devise ways and means for China's neutrality. While connected with the Ministry of Navy he wrote and translated many important works on Naval Laws and Regulations. In July he was appointed by the Prime Minister as a member of the Legislative Bureau in the Cabinet. In 1912 he was appointed by the Ministry of Finance as a member of the Reorganization Loan Commission. In August he was appointed by the President, Justice of the Supreme Court of China. In 1913 with the con- sent of the Supreme Court he was specially invited by the Shanghai Defense Commissioner to be a legal adviser on International Law and Foreign Af- fairs. In recognition of his service he was awarded the Fifth Class Wen- hu Decoration. In 1915 and 1916 Dr. Hsu was awarded the Fourth and the Third Class Chia-ho Decorations, respectively. In November he was appointed to act concurrently as a Judge of the High Prize Court. In July 1918 he was appointed as a Member of the Court of Equity. In Oct- ober he was awarded by the President the 2nd Class Chiaho Decoration. In November he was awarded the 2nd Class Wen-hu. In February 1919 Dr. Hsu was appointed Acting Chief Justice of the High Court of Shansi province. Since 1920, he has been Chief Justice of the High Court of Justice of Shansi. In January 1920, he received the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho.
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359
Mr. G. F. Hsu
(Hsu yuan)
Mr. G. F. Hsu was born in Chinkiang, Kiangsu province, in 1873. He received his preliminary education from I'Ecole Municipal Francaise at Shanghai. Later, he studied at Nanking Univeralty and Nanyang Tungwen College, from which he was graduated. After teaching in various schools, he was appointed by the late Tsing Dynasty a, Sub-magistrate in 1899 and was later promoted to the rank of prefect. At different times, Mr. Hsu has held the following positions: English translator of the foreign affairs bureau of Chekiang; Inspector of the Hangchow Customs; Proctor of the foreign affairs bureau of Chekiang; English secretary of the Governor of Shansi; General secretary to the Governor of Kiangsu; Proctor of the bureau of foreign affairs in Soochow; Diplomatic advisor to the Governor of Honan; Resident director of the foreign affairs bureau of Honan. After the establishment of the Republic in 1912, Mr. Hsu became secretary in charge of foreign affairs of the Tutuh of Honan, and at the same time
360 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
time chief of the foreign affairs bureau of Honan. In June 1913, he was appointed by the Peking government as commissioner of foreign affairs in Honan, which position he held for many years. Since May 1920, Mr. Hsu has been commissioner of foreign affairs in Kiangsu with headquaiters at Shanghai. In March 1922, he received the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In February 1922, his name w'as recorded in the Cabinet as an expectant Minister Plenipotentiary. In April 1923, he was awarded the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho.
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361
Mr. Hu Ao-kung
*8 US 4^ ^ rr H
Mr. Hu Ao-kung was born at Chiang-lin Hsien, Hupei Province, in 1885. He graduated from the Ohiang Hsu College, Hupei, High Agricul- ture College, Peiyang; and High Agriculture College, Kiangsi. While a student he joined the revolutionary party and played active parts in the party's movements. During the First Revolution which broke out at Wu- chang in October 1911, Mr. Hu was one of the commanding officers of the Hupei Revolutionary Troops. When General Li Yuan-hung was elected Tutu of the Province of Hupei by the revolutionists, Mr. Hu became Chief of the General Affairs Department in the Office of the Tutu or Military Governor. Subsequently Mr. Hu was despatched to the North by General Li Yuan-hung to organize revolutionary forces of which he was later elected Commander-in-Chief. After the establishment of the Republic in 1912 Mr. Hu returned to Hupei and was appointed by the provincial government the Director of the Bureau for devising means of living for the Manchus at Chinchow. In 1913 Mr. Hu was elected a member of the
362 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
House of RepresentativeB. After the dissolution of Parliament by Yuan Shih-kai in January 1914. Mr, Hu returned to Hupei and very soon became the President of the Chinchow Law College. Later he went to Szechuan and joined General Ch'en I, then Military Governor of Szechuan. While in Szechuan he was at different times Secretary to General Ch'en, Prefect of a Circuit, and Pacification Commissioner. Mr. Hu played an active part in the Yunnan Uprising against the Yuan Shih-kai monarchiical movetaenti. The province of Szebhuan was the earliest to declare independence and to respond to Yunnan's call. In 1917 he was appointed Prefect of the Chiao-Jen Circuit of K*uangtung but he did not take up that appointment. In June 1919 he was awarded the Third Class Chiaho. In April 1921 he was appointed Chief of the Civil Administra- tion Bureau of Hupei. This position he held for about half a year. The old Parliament was reconvoked in August 1922, and Mr. Hu took his seat as member of the House. In December 1922 he was appointed Vice-Minister of Education. In January 1923 he received the Second Class Tashou Chiaho. In February 1924 he was officially relieved of the Vice- Ministership. Mr. Hu is the author of many books among which may be mentioned The Principles of Agriculture, The Principles of Forestry, The New Heaven and the New Earth, Literary Works of Ao-Kung, eto. He is also the managing editor of the magazine called To-day which strongly advocates the Marxian Theroy, for Mr. Hu himself is a Marxist.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
US
General Hu En-kuang
ig .1 3t ^ ® &
General Hu En-kuang was born at Tientsin in 1874. He graduated from the Peiyang Military SchooiL At different times Mr. Hu has held the following positions: Teacher of the Military School at Suiyuan; Commander of a Mixed Regiment at Suiyuan; Director of the Suiyuan Military School; Director of the Suiyuan Police Administration; Direc- tor of the First Military Middle School; at Chingho; Director of the Pao- ting Arsenal; Director of the Marshal Court for Fukien Province; Com- mander of the Right Wing of the Fukien Troops; Councillor to the Tu- chun of Fukien; Military Representative in Peking for the Tuchun of Fukien; Member of the Councillors' Hall of the Ministry of War; Coun- cillor to the Military Administrator of Kiangsi; Director of the Depart- ment of Ammunitions in the Ministry of War; Director of the General Affairs Department in the Ministry of War. General Hu was appointed to the last mentioned position in January 1924 and he is still holding it. He is a Lieutenant General in rank; and has been awarded the Fifth Order of Merit, the First Class Tashou Chiaho, the Second Class Weoifu, the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho, and the Second Class Tashou Chiaho.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Hu Han-ming
Mr, Hu Han-ming was born at Fan-yu Hsien, Kuangtung Province, in 1886. His native home is at Shan-ying Hsien, Chekiang. He is one of the staunchest supporters of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. After having received pre- liminary education in Canton, General Hu proceeded to Japan to study. There he made the acquaintance of Dr. Sun, who had been in exile since 1897 with a heavy reward on his head offered by the Manchu House. In 1905 the famous revolutionary party called the Chungkuo Tung-ming-hui was organized in Japan with its headquarters at Tokyo. This party published a paper called Ming Pao. General Hu and Mr. Wang Chao-ming were editors. Sometime afterwards, the Ming Pao was closed down. General Hu and Mr. Wang went to Singapore where they published another revolutionary paper called H«(in Wen. Prior to the outbreak of the First
WHO'S WHO IN ACHIN 365
Revolution in October 1911, Hu took a small party of revolutionists to Canton to get ready for action. Upon the declaration of independence of Kuang- tung Province following the Wuchang outbreak, October 10th 1911, Gen- eral Chiang Tsen-kuei was elected Provisional Tutu of that Province. H-e did not hold this position very long and was finally relieved by General Hu. In January 1912 Dr. Sun Yat-sen was elected by the National Council in Nanking to be the Provisional President of the Republic. General Hu was appointed his Chief-secretary. He was succeeded by General Chen Chiung-ming as Tutu. On February 15, 1912, Dr. Sun tendered his re- signation and the National Council elected Yuan Shih-kai the Provisional President. Dr. Sun returned to Canton and General Hu accompained him. The Acting Tutu, General Chen Chiung-ming, promptly resigned in Hu's favor. In July 1912 General Hu was appointed Tutu or Military Gov- ernor, of Kuangtung. He was previously elected to that post by the Kuangtung Provincial Assembly. This position he held until June 1913 when he was appointed Commissioner for the Pacification of Tibet. General Chen Chiung-ming was appointed to succeed him as Tutu of Kuangtung. The Second Revolution broke out in July 1913. The Peking govern- ment at once replaced General Ch'en Chiung-ming by General Lung Chi- kuang who had been hitherto the Deputy-Military Director of Kuangtung. In response to the revolutionary call which was entirely planned by the Kuo Ming Tang leaders, Hu supported by General Ch'en Chiung-ming, laun- ched an attack on the Canton City. They met with success at filrst but shortly afterwards their forces were overpowered, about the same time the main base in Kiangsi was clashed by Yuan Shih-kai's forces. Hu like other Kuo Ming Tang leaders had to take refuge in foreign countries most of them going to Japan. Since that time and before his return to Shanghai in the spring of 1916, he secretly travelled between Japan and the South Sea Islands laying down plans to overthrow Yuan Shih-kai. Upon becom- ing President in June 1916, to succeed luan Shih-kai, Li Yuan-hung with- drew all the orders issued by his predecessor depriving the Kuo Ming Tang leaders of their freedom, and they all returned to China. The dissolution for the second time of the First Parliament prior to Chang Hsun's monar- chical attempt In June 1917 and the refusal of the northeffin leaders to reconvoke it after Chang Hsun's overthrow finally resulted in the opening of civil strife between the north and the south. In July
1917 the Parliament was convened at Canton, and elected Dr. Sun the Generalissimo. Hu was following Dr. Sun as his Councillor and also Secretary. In the following month the Extraordinary Parliament was convened at Canton, and elected Dr. Sun the Generalissimo. In May
1918 a Military government was established at Canton. Hu was appointed Chief Secretary of the Executive Council of the government. In the winter of
1919 Dr. Sun and his associates were ousted from power by the Kuan'gsi faction under General Lu Yuang-ting. Mr. Hu accompanied Dr. Sun to Shanghai where they remained in 1920. In December 1920 Dr. Sun Yat- sen, the late Dr. Wu Ting-fang and Tang Shao-i, who had sought refuge at Shanghai, returned to Canton again and re-established the Constitutional government. In April 1921 Dr. Sun was elected President of the Southern
366 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
government. Hu became Civil Governor of Kuangtung which position he held until June 1922 when Dr. Sun was expelled from Canton by Chen Chiung-ming and he returned to Shanghai again. In January 1923 General Shen Hung-yin employed by Marshal Wu Pei-fu launched an attack upon Kuangtung and General Ch'en Chiung-ming evacuated the city after a few skirmishes and retreated to Huichow. Meanwhile Dr. Sun sent a number of his followers to take up various posts in Canton after Ch'en Chiung-ming's expulsion. These functionaries were seized by the invaders and Hu Han- ming whom Dr. Sun had appointed Civil Governor narrowly escaped execu- tion at the hands of the Kuangsi men. Dr. Sun regained his position at Canton in February 1923. Since then Mr. Hu has been given important positions in the southern government. In September 1924 Dr. Sun upon his leaving Canton to lead personally an expedition again'st the north ap- pointed Hu Civil Governor of Kuangtung. On March 18, General Hu was appointed acting Generalissimo.
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367
Mr. H. Y. Hu
(Hu Hung yu)
Mr. H. Y. Hu was born at Wusih, Kiangsu province, in 1888. He entered Nanyang College, Shanghai, in 1900, and was graduated from the Middle School in 1905. Then he took a special course in Industry and Commerce in the same College, and graduated in 1907. Upon grad- uation Mr. Hu was awarded a scholarship to study in America. He entered the Junior Class of the Wharton School of Commerce and FinancQ of the University of Pennsylvania in January 1908. He was graduated with the degree of B. S. in 1909 and took an M. A. in 1910 from the
368 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
same University. He left America for Germany in 1911 and studied in Berlin University for four months. Mr. Hu returned to China in April 1912. Then he became a Professor in the Nanyang Poljiiechnic Institute, Shanghai, but held that position only for a few months. From August 1912 to December 1913 he was manager of the Nanking branch of the Kiang- su Bank. From January to April 1914 he was manager of the Wuslh Branch of the same bank. He joined the Department of Railway Ac- counts and Statistics, Ministry of Communications, in September 1914; and was appointed a Member of the Standing Committee on the Unifica- tion of Railway Accounts and Statistics in July 1917. In May 1918 he was appointed a Delegate to the Seventh China-Japan Through Traffic Conference held in Tokyo. He became Chief of the investigation section and assistant chief of the traffic section of the same Department in January 1919. From January to December 1920 Mr. Hu was a delegate of the Minis- try of Communications at Paris in connection with the Peace Conference. In May 1921 he was appointed Chief of the Traffic Section of the Railway Department. He was appointed Director of the Railway Through Traffic Administration in February 1923. Mr. Hu has been awarded by the Government the Second Order of Ta Shou Chiaho and also the Second Order of Wenfu. His address in 35 An Fu Hutung, West City, Peking.
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369
Mr. Hu I-ku
(Wenfu Yiko Hu)
Mr. Wenfu Yiko Hu was born at Niiigpo, Chekiang province, in 1876. He received his education in the St. John's College, Shanghai, from 1890 to 1897. He was editor of the St. John's Echo from 1895 to 1897. This was the first college paper ever published in China. After his gradua- tion until 1899 Mr. Hu was librarian and Secretary of St. John's College. In 1899 he left the College and joined the Nanyang College first as an Instructor in English and later as Dean of the English Department. In Januarj- 1906 Mr. Hu went to America. He studied law in the University of California in 1906. From 1906-1908 he was at the Univer- Bity of Chicago and during 1908-1909 he attended the University of Illinois, where he took his B. A. in 1908 and LL. B. in 1909. In 1908
370 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Hu edited the "Pocket Chinese and English Dictionary," published by the Commercial Press Shanghai. Mr. Hu was a member of the Com- monwealth Club from 1906 to 1908; member of the Reynolds Club from 1907 to 1908; member of the Oratorical Association from 1908 to 1909; and president of the Cosmopolitan Club from 1907 to 1909. He was also a member of the Law Club of the University of Illinois. After hig return to China in September 1909, Mr. Hu became Legal Advisor of the Board of Communications and also member of the Com- mission for the drawing up of the railway, telegraph, navigation and post laws. He was Professor of Law in the Inij.'erial University, Peking, from 1909 to 1912. During 1912-1913 Mr. Hu was Dean of Nanyang College Shanghai. In 1913 he was appointed by the Peking government a Justice of the Supreme Court. He became a member of the Chinese Law Club in 1913; member of the Chinese Social and Political Science Association in 1915. Of the latter mentioned association he later became a member of the Executive Council. In 1917 Mr. Hu became a member of the Commission for the Discipline of Judicial OiTicers. When China declared war on Germany and Austria in August 1917 he was appointed to take up concurrently the post of Judge of the High Prize Court. In 1918 Mr. Hu was a;ppointed a Member of the Commission for the E.xamination of Judicial Officers, this being a concurrent post. In November 1918 he was awarded the Second Class Wenfu, a military decoration. In the spring of 1919 Mr. Hu was sent by the government as special delegate to attend the annual meeting of the Philippine Sar As- sociation. In March that year he received the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho. In 1920 at the invitation of the Ministries of': Foreign Affairs and Justice, he became a member of the Commission for the Study of Judicial Questions. Jn November of that year he was ap- pointed a member of the Commission for the Examination of Special Judicial Officers. In March 1921 Mr. Hu was appointed to act as President of the Commission for the Discipline of Judicial Officers. In June 1922 he was appointed a member of the Commission for the Discipline of High Civil Officers. In July 1921 he was appointed an acting Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. In October 1922, Mr. Hu was appointed Acting Pre- sident of the Commission for the Discipline of Judicial Officers. In December 1922 he was awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho. In January 1923 he was appointed Chief Justice of the Third Civil C/Ourt of the Supreme Court, Peking. This position he is still holding.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
371
Mr. Hu Lin
Mr. Hu Lin was born in Szechuan in 1893. He took his early educa- tion in his home province and while still iu his early twenties received the degree of Chujen (Master of Arts). Proceeding to Japan, Mr. Hu studied in the Tokyo University from which he graduated in 1911, taking the general college course and special course in law and politics. Returning to China, Mr. Hu made application for admission to the Bar and successfully passed the examinations. He came to Shanghai and became editor of the Ta Kung Ho Pao, resigning to become judge of the Chinkiang branch of the Provincial Court of Kiangsu. Mr. Hu later pro- ceeded to Peking as special correspondent for a number of Shanghai
372 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
newspapers, acting at the same time as professor in the Government Col- lege of Law and of several other educational institutions. In 1915, Mr. Hu went to Kirin in connection with the Sino-Japanese negotiations about the time the Twenty-One Demands were presented to China with an ultimatum. He was there appointed chief secretary of the provincial government attending especially to the administration of foreign affai'rs and finances. He resigned from Eirin and went to Peking as Counsellor to the Ministry of Interior which post he gave up again to enter into journalistic work, becoming editor of I'lmpaitial in Tientsin. In 1918 he went abroad, visiting more than twenty countries and was the only Chinese newspaper correspondent in Paris during the Peace Conference at Versailles. He returned in 1920 and organised and edited the newspaper New Society in Peking and Tientsin. In 1921 Mr. Hu came to Shanghai and organized the Kuo Wen News Agency, one of the few independent news and advertising service organizations in China. He is an excellent linguist who speaks and reads half a dozen languages.
.ae
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373
Dr. Hu Suh
(Hu Shih)
Mr. Hu Suh was born in Shanghai on December 17, 1891. His fatlier was a scholar of high attainment and was known for his geographical researches in northern Manchuria, where he travelled extensively. His father died when Dr. Hu was only a little over three years old, and he was brought up by his mother, of whom he often tells his friends that, though she could not read a single line he wrote;, it is to her alone that he owes everything. Dr. Hu lived with her at their home in Chih-ki Hsien, Southern Anhui, until 1904, when he came toi Shanghai. Dr. Hu began his study of Chinese when he was scarcely three years old. During his six years' stay in Shanghai he studied at the Mei-chi School, the Ching Chung School and the Chinese National Institute, founded by
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revolutionary students who in 1907 left Ja])an in a body as a protest against Japanese policies. Financial dii!icuity compelled him to support himself by teaching and by editing a revolutionary paper issued every ten days. In 1910 he passed the government examination for In- demnity Scholarships and was sent to America, where he first entered Cornell University as a freshman in the College of Agriculture. Dr. Hu soon realized that he was not fitted for agricultural work and that China needed literature and philosophy just as badly as scientific farming. So after studying! a year and a half in the College of Agric- culture, he was transferred to the College of Arts and Science, where he devoted himself to English literature, political science and philosophy. He was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa Society in 1918 and was awarded the Hiram Corson Prize for his essay on Robert Browning in the follow- ing year. After his graduation in 1914, he continued his advanced studies in philosophy and was given a graduate scholarship at the Sage School of Philosophy in Cornell University. In 1915 Dr. Hu went to Columbia University, spent two years there and wrote his doctorate diss3rtation on "The Development of Logical Methods in Ancient China." It was dur- ing these two years that he gradually developed his ideas of a radical reform in Chinese literature. These ideas were afterwards formulated into an article entitled "Suggestions for the Reform of Chinese Liter- ature," which was simultaneously published in La Jeunesse and the Chinese Students Quarterly (January 1917). This article formed the fixst mainfeisto of the ''literary revolution" and its historical place was only superceded by another article of his entitled "A Constructive Revolution in Chinese Literature" (La Jeunesse, April 1918), which embodied the results of maturer reflection and fruitful experimentation. Dr. Hu was the first Chinese poet to devote himself to writing poe- try exclusively in the spoken language. He has published over a hundred poems in the vulgate which he calls "experimental poefcry." He bi>gan this poetic experiment in 1916. Since then there has grown upi a school of "Vulgate Poets" whose contributions are appearing in a number of periodioals. Since 1917, Dr. Hu has been Profesisor of Philosophy at the Government University; and in 1922 he became Dean of the Department of English Literature. "Philosophy", as he is fond of saying, "is my life work, and literature is my hobby." In 1918 he piibUshed a course of lectures on the Philosophy of the Mo School. In 1919, he published another book entitled Outline of Chinese Philosophy, Volume I, and in 1920 another work, Ancient History of China. In January 1922, Dr. Hu organized and edited a weekly in Peking called the Endeavor. He spent 1923 at Hangchow to recuperate his health. In 1924. he returned to Peking and again joined the Government Ilnivereity. His Peking address is 14 Drum Tower, Ti An Ming, Peking.
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Mr. Hu Yun
(Y. Hu)
Mr. Y. Hu is a native of Chinkiang and was born in 1884. Prior to the organization of the China & South Sea Bank, he was manager of the head office of the Bank of Communications in Peking. At the opening of South Sea Bank in Shanghai in July 1921, he was made general manager. Mr. Hu has been largely instrumental in the formation of a banking alliance with three other well-known Chinese banks: viz., the Yienyieh Commercial Bank, Kincheng Banking Corporation and the Continental Bank. The Four Banks' Joint Treasury and the Four Banks' Joint Savings Society have been organized under his direction. The former controls the issue of bank notes of the China & South Sea Bank upon a full cash basis, while the latter follows the pattern of a mutual savings bank whereby the depositors may share in its profits. He is one of the chief supervisors of the Joint Treasury and a member of the executive comoiittee of the Joint Savings
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Society. Aeide from his interest in the China & South Sea Bank, he is director of several other Chinese banks; such as the Kincheng Banking Corporation, the Tacheng Bank in Peking, and the Sinhua Savings Bank and the Kiangsu Tenyieh Bank
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377
Mr. Charles Ahfook Wong.
(Huang Fu)
Mr. Charles A. Wong, born in Honolulu, received there the rudiments of education. After graduation from the Hawaii High School, he went to the United States of America for higher education. Prior to going to the United States he worked for some time in order to save enough money to study in an American university. He attended Harvard University where he graduated with honors. After graduation in 1911 he returned to Honolulu to work. In 1922 he came to Peking and entered the Chinese g'overnment service, moved by the patriotic feeling to render service to his own country. He was appointed a member of the Salt Gabelle in 1913 and assigned to the accounting department. He performed his duties successfully. At one time an attempt was made by the salt officials to influence him to make some change in the account book, but he refused to do s 0 and thus incurred their displeasure. During his stay at Peking he
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was a director of the Y. M. C. A., and made many friends among both the ChinevSe and foreign residents. At the invitation of his friends in Hon- olulu in 1916 Mr. Wong returned to the place of his birth and organized the Chinese American Bank for the sole benefit of overseas Chinese. The bank which he has promoted and is now managing has been a success. It" is being patronized by all overseas Chinese in the Territory of Hawaii. He returned to China in 1920 for a visit.
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379
General Huan^ Fu
M%^ m &
General Ilunng Fu was born at Hangchow, Chekiang province, in 1883. He was given a thorough education in Chinese during his youth. General Huang received his military education fiist in the Provincial Military School of Chekiang; then at the Chun Wu Academy, the Military Preparatory School Japan; and finally at the Military Survey Academy, Tokyo, where he graduated with honor in the winter of 19] 0. General Huang returned to China in 1911. In 1911 the Imperial Ching government planned a big manoeuvre to be held at Yung Ping Fu, inside Shankaikuan, in October
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General Huang who was known as he having made many friends among the revolutionary leaders while he was in Japan, was then sent by the Peking General Staff as military intelligence agent at Shanghai. Upon reaching Shanghai, General Huang joined the late General Ch'en Chi-mei who declared independence at Shanghai with himself as Tutu. General Huang was his Chief Staff Officer. Besides this post, General Huang held many other important positions in connection with the First Revolution, such as Chief Superintendent of the Military Transportation Headquarberss of t he Revolutionary Force ; Chief Staff Officer to the late Marshal Huang Hsin, Chief Executive Protemp in Nanking; Civil Governor of Kiangsu; Commander-in-Chief of the 23rd Division; Director in charge of the dis- bandment of the revolutionary troops. In the summer of 1913 the Second Revolutionary broke out against Yuan Shih-kai. General Huang partici- pated in the capacity of the Chief Staff Officer to General Ch'en Chi-mei who again made Shanghai a base for the revolutionary movements. Finally the second Revolution was clashed i)y Yuan Shih-kai's troops. General Huang, like other revolutionary leaders, whose arrest was ordered by the Peking government, had to take flight from China. He first went to Japan. Early in 1914 General Huang went to America, where he remained for one year after which he went to Singapore where he also stayed for a year. After the death of Yuan Shih-kai, in June 1916, he returned to China and accepted the position of the representative of the Chekiang Military Go- vernor in Peking which position he is still holding. During 1917-1920 General Huang made his home at Tientsin. In the first two years he devoted his whole energy and time in writing articles regarding what he had seen and learned during his sojourn in foreign countries. He wrote two books in Chinese entitled "Lessons from the European War and the Future of China" and "The World after the War." While residing in Tientsin he gave a series of lectures on the international questions at the Nanking College. During the year 1920-21, General Huang was assisting the ex- President Hsu Shih-chang in writing a book called "China's Finance and Education after the European War." At the same time he was also a Dir- ector of the Government Economic Investigation Bureau. In November 1920 he was conferred the Second Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration. In the summer of 1921 General Huang went to Europe and America on a semi- official mission to study post-war financial conditions. He was in America when the Washington Conference was convened in November 1921. The Peking government appointed him Advisor to the Chinese Delegation while he was also serving as Hsu Shih-chang's personal representative. Before the convention of the Washington Conference, he wrote a book on "The Initiation of the Washington Conference and its Tendencies." What he had anticipated in this book was realized. General Huang left Washington before the close of the Conference and went to Europe, where he travelled for about half a year and then returned to China. In July 1922 General Huang was conferred the Second Class Weiiliu Decoration and in August he was made a Chiangchun with the title "Chu-Wei." In September he was appointed Special Deputy to make preparations for the organization of a Financial Commission to straighten up the fiscal affairs of the country.
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In October he was awarded the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. In February 1923 General Huang was appointed Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs which position he held only for two months. He received the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decoration in the same month. In March he became concurrently President of the Diplomatic Commission, In Sep- tember 1923 General Huang was appointed Acting Minister of Education which position he held until January 1924. Since that time, he devoted himself in giving lectures in several of the universities in Peking and also at the headquarters of General Feng Yu-hsiang's troops of Nanyuan, Peking. In September 1924 General Huang became Minister of Education in Dr. W. W. Yen's Cabinet. This position he is still holding.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Han-Liang Huang
(Huang Han-Hang)
Dr. Han-Liang Huang was born in 189'^ in Amoy, Fukien province, and received his early education under the old literary system. He began the study of English in 1910, and entered Tsing Hua College in the spring of 1011 as one of the first group of students. After graduation from Taing Hwa he was sent by the College to America and studied in the University of Michigan for two years and Princeton University for two years, receiving from the latter the degree of Litt. B. in 1915, aftjer which he studied Eco- nomics in Columbia University 1915-1918, receiving A. M. in 1916 and Ph. D. in 1918. Dr. Huang returned to China in the winter of 1918 and
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has been engaged in the banking business in Shanghai and Manila since he returned. He was appointed manager of the Ho Hong Bank, Ltd., Hong- kong in 1923 which position he still holds, Mr. Huang has served as Director of the Chinese Y. M. C. A. in Shanghai "and Manila and Chairman of South Chini*"Chapter of Tsing Hua Alumni Association. He is a member of Princeton Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa. ^
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Hin Wong
(Huang Hsien-chao)
Mr. Hin Wong was born in Honolulu In 1888, of Cantonese parents. He graduated from Oahu College, Punahou. in 1907, studied at Columbia University in New York, 1910-11, and received the degree of B. S. in Journalism from the School of Journalism, Missouri University, in 1912. Mr. Wong was for several years an active journalist in Canton, correspondent of Reuters, China Weekly Review, and other news- papers and news agencies in the Far East. At times he has also acted ae correspondent of the Associated Press of America, Associated Newspapers of America, Chicago Daily News, and other publications and news associations. He represented China at the World Press Congress in Hawaii in 1921 and
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was made one of the vice-presidents of the Congress and was Canton Press representative at the Disarmament Conference in Washington 1921-22. In Canton he was many years editor-in-chief of the Canton Times a,nd later he founded and first edited the Canton Daily News. He retired from these publications early in 1923 due to the political unrest. From 1917 to 1920 he was Director of the Intelligence Bureau of the Canton Military government. Mr. Wong has been several times tried by court-martial at Canton for his views and in May 1924, opportunity was taken by the Sua Yat-sen faction to place blame on Mr. Hin Wong for the erroneous report issued by Reuters that Sun Yat-sen was dead, to imprison him and banish him from Canton for 10 years. Outside the newspap«!r field, Mr. Wong is interested in the educational and social welfare activities of Oanton. He was one time president of Kwangtung College, general superintendent of the Canton Government Homes for the Blind, Aged, and Infirm, and honorary inspector of prisons of the Kwangtung Bureau of Justice. Upon the organization of the Canton Municipality in 1921 he was made chief of the charity division of the Municipal Department of Education, re- signing the latter part of the year. He was Boy Scout commissioner of Kwangtung and honorary inspector of prisons for the Procuratorate-General of South China. For more than four years Mr. Wong was chairman of the of the boys work committee of the Canton Y. M. C. A. Mr. Wong married Miss Chan Hon Ming of Canton in 191.3, and has five children.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Hwang Yung-liang
^ ^n ^^ m
(Hung Jung-liang)
Mr. Hwang Yung-liang was born in Wuwei Hsien, Anhwei province. He studied at the University of Nanking between 1890 and 1896, and received his degree of A. B. Upon his graduation he was engaged as a teacher of the University. Between 1897 and 1899 he served as Dean. In September 1900, Mr. Hwang went to America to pursue higher educa- tion, and entered Baker University. For three years, he studied liberal arts, and in 1903 received the degree of A. B. For tiie next two years, he took post-graduate work at Columbia University. During his stay in America, Mr. Hwang was well liked by his American associates as was shown in his election to be a member of Alpha Delta, a signal honor.
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In May of 1906 he returned to China, and shortly afterwurds was appointed by the Chinese governnient a Second Translator of the Chinese Legation in London. For two years Mr. Hwang worked for the Chinese Minister in London, and learned muT'h of the diplomatic procedures. Lord Li Ching-feng, then Chinese Minister to Great Britain, was highly impressed with his willingness to work and with his diplomatic ability. He recom- mended to the Foreign Office in Peking that Mr. Hwang be appointed Consul to New Zealand. For two years, namely 1908-10, he was Consul there. To- ward the end of 1910 he was promoted to be Consul-General to Australia. This promotion was considered a great honor in view of the fact that Mr, Hwang had not been long in the diplomatic service. For three years he functioned as Consul-General in Australia, and was popular among his dip- lomatic associates. From 1914 to 1916 Mr. Hwang worked in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as an Assistant Secretary. In October 1916 the Laohsi- kai dispute with the French authorities in Tientsin arose and the case was very difficult of settlement. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs dispatched Mr. Hwang to handle this case. He settled the case with credit to himself and in November 1916 he was appointed Acting Commissioner of Foreign Affairs for Chihli. In that capacity he was appointed to hold concurrently in February 1919 the post of Chief of the Bureau for the Administration of Enemy Subjects and Properties. In March 1919 Mr. Hwang was awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho. In August 1919 he was appointed Com- missioner of Foreign Affairs for Chihli. In August 1920 Mr. Hwang re- ceived the Second Class Wenfu. In October 1920 he was appointed Minister to Austria which position he is still holding. In June 1922 Mr. Hwang was appointed Chinese representative to the League of Nations. In October 1922 he was given the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho.' In September 1923 he was relieved of the post of Chinese representative to the League of Nations, remaining as Minister to Austria. Mr. Hwang was given the Honorary Degree of M. A. by Baker University in 1909. He is honorary member of the New Zealand Club, Melbourne Club and the Sydney Club.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr* Huang K'ai-wen
rc m %
(Wong Kai-wen)
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 389
Mr. Wong Kai-wen, Grand Master of Ceremonies of the Presidential Palace, was born at Chiao Ling Hsien, Kwangtung Province, in 1865. He came to North China for his education and joined the Peking Telegraph College, where he graduated. After his graduation, he joined the telegraph service. Gradually he worked his way up and became manager of teleg- raphs. For many years he held the position of telegraph m'anager in different provinces. In 1907 Mr. Wong was appointed by President Hsu Shih-chang, who was then Viceroy of Manchuria, to be Industrial Taotai of the Fengtien Province. In that capacity he introduced many industrial refonns. It was he who first suggested to the then Vicerqy Hsu the im- portance of the promulgation of mining laws. Asa result of his suggestion, Viceroy Hsu recommended to the Throne that mining laws be promul- gated. In a few months the mining laws were published by Edict. In 1910 Mr. Wong was appointed managing director of the Tao Ching Railway. In 191 1 he became Taotai of Han Huang Teh Circuit of the Hupeh Province and concurrently acted as Superintendent of the Customs in Hankow. At the same time he was Director of Commercial and Military affairs of Hupeh, and Director General of the Tung Cheng Railway. He held all these official posts until 1913. In 1914 Mr. Wong was appointed Grand Master of Ce- remonies of the President's Office to succeed Alf'ed Sze, who became Chinese Minister to the Court of Sd. James.. Mr. Wong is still holding the position. He has served five Presidents with satisfaction, namely, President Yuan Shih-kai, President Li Yuan-hung, and President Feng Kuo- chang. President Hsu Shih-chang, and President Tsao Kun. In January 1919 Mr. Wong wa?^ awarded the Second Class Wenfu; in December 1919, the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho, in February 1921 the First Class Wenfu; and in October 1922 the Fifth Order of Merit.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Y. C. Whang.
(Huang Tsau-hsi)
Mr. Y. C. Whang, was born at Min Hou Hsien, Fukien province, in 1874. He studied at Queen's College, Hongkong. Directly after leaving school in 1892 he worked in the Traffic Department of the Tientsin-Shanhiikwan Railway and in 1901 he was transferred to the Railway Administration as translator. In 1907 he was appointed Chinese Auditor of the same line and in 1911 he was appointed Chief of the Statistical Division concurrently. After the establishment of the Republic, he was transferred to the Min- istry of Communications, and has since held various responsible positions, such as a member of the Unification of Accounts and Statistics Commis- sion and Chief of the Traffic and Transportation Section. In 1915 he was
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 391
appointed Assistant Director of the Railway Department. In the middle of August 1916, he was appointed Senior Clerk of the Ministry. He went to Japan in 1917 under Ministerial Order to attend the fifth China-Japan Through Traffic Conference as a delegate. In the same year he was detached to the Peking Mukden Line as Chief of the General Affairs Department. During Chang Hsun's Monarchical movement he volunteered his service in the Republican army and was appointed by General Tuan Chi-iui, to assist in the work of the Department of Communications of the Republican forces. Mr. Whang was then holding concurrently the position of Chief of General Affairs Department of the Peking-Mukden Railway. It was at this critical moment that he, in cooperation with Dr. C. C. Wang, then Di- rector of the Peking-Mukden Railway, rendered perhaps the most valuable service to the Republican cause in preventing the Southward movement of the Monarchical troops from Manchuria by suddenly cutting off the sup- ply of cars outside of Shanhaikwan. In recognition of the services rendered in this campaign he was given the iirst class Golden, Decoration of the Ministry of War. Immediately after^the defeat of Chang Hsun, he was appointed Assistant Councillor of the Ministry of Communications. In 1918 he took an active part in the work of the Plague Prevention Commission. Later, he was appointed Director of the East section of the Lung Hai Railway. During his term of office on this line, Mr. Whang made a thorough investigation of the conditions of the intricate Likiu sys- tem which was strangling the business of the operating section of the Lung- Hai Line, and suggested a series of effective remedies to the Central government. In January 1919 Mr. Whang was appointed to be concurrent- ly Chief of the Railway Through-Traffic Bureau and Acting Director of the Department of Railways. In the same month he received another concurrent position, as Vice-Chairman of the Commission on the Codification of Rail- way Laws. Mr. Whang was awarded the Second Class Chiaho in March 1919 and the Second Class Wenfu in April 1919. In June 1919 he was ap- pointed Director of the Department of Railways. In December 1919 he was appointed concurrently Director General of the Hankow-Canton-Sze- chuan Railway. In January 1920 Mr. Whang was given the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho. In February 1920 he was appointed concurrently the Assistant Chief of the Loans Bureau of the Ministry of Communications.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Huang Yen-pe'i,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 393
Mr. Huang Yen-p'ei was born at Shanghai in 1879. He was graduated from Nanyang College, and then went to Japan to study and specialized in education. During the First Revolution — 1911-12, he was Chief of the Educational Bureau under the Tutu of Kiangsu. In 1914 he resigned from this post and subsequently took a special trip to investigate the educational conditions existing in the different Yangtze provinces. While travelling he acted as special correspondent of the Shun Pao of Shanghai. In 1915 he went to America to study the industrial conditions in the capacity of Sec- retary to the Chinese Industrial Mission. After the death of Yuan Shih- kai in June 1916, Mr. Huang wrote an article called "Nine Lessons" which 'acquired a national fame for the writer. For many years Mr. Huang has been vice-chairman of the Kiangsu Provincial Education Association; Chairman of the China Vocational Education Association; and Member of Kiangsu Provincial Assembly. In December 1921 Mr. Huang was appointed Minister of Education but he did not accept the office. He was re- appointed Min'ster of Education in June 1922 in Dr. W. W. Yen's Cabinet. But he declined again. In January 1923 Mr. Huang was appointed a Member of the Educational Sinking Fund Commission. He has received the Second Class Chiaho Decoration.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Willam Hung
(Hung Yeh)
Mr. William Hung was barn at Foochow, Fukien Province, in 1893. At the age of 22, he graduated from the Anglo-Chinese College in hiis native city, remaining a^ instructor the following year. In 1916, Mr. Hung went to the United States entering Ohio W«sleyan University from which he received an A. B. degree in 1917. In 1919 he was given his A. M. at Columbia University and in 1920 he became a Bachelor of Divin- ity at the Union Theological Seminary in New York. During 1921-22 he was Chinese secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, at the same tira,'e lecturing extensively throughout America under the management of the Lyceum and Chautauqua organizations. In 1922, Mr. Hung was Horizon Lecturer at De Pauw University, during v/h'icja period he was appointed assistant professor of history of Peking University. The following year, he became acting hsad of the histlsry depiartment of
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latter University. Mr, Hung is a member of the Civic Club, Clergy Club, China Society of America, and Phi Beta Kappa in New York City, and of the American Historical Association, Washington, and the Gesellschaft fur Kirchengeschichte, Berlin- Friedenau.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. I Tsung-k'uei
Mr. I Tsung-k'uei was born at Hsiang-tan Hsien, Hunan province, in 1875. He was poor but was anxious to educate himself and fin- ally became a learned man. . After his return to China Mr. I took up teaching work at several schools and colleges in Changsha, Hunan province. In 1909 Mr. I was sent by his province to Peking to join the People's Delegation tfrging the opening of a parliament. Subsequently he was ap- pointed a Member of the Constitutional Council. He was prominent in the impeachment of Prince Ching. Mr. 1 was connected with the revolution started by Tang Tsai-tsang. On the failure of Kang Yu-wei's reform' scheme in 1898, M!r. I retired into seclusion and wrote several volumes on the subject of Reforms, until the time when schools were started every- where v/hen he took up teaching. In 1904 Mj*. I went to Japan to study. While in Japan he edited a revolutionary periodical. It was at this time he joined the Kuomingtang. In 1912, the First Year of the Republic, Mr. I was appointed Compiler of the Law Compilation Office under the Cabinet. In 1913 he was elected a Member of the House of Representatives,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 397
representing Mongolia, and when Yuan Shih-kai proscribed the Kuom- ingtang as a seditious organization and in November 1913 unseated all members of the two House belonging to that Party. Mir. I then went south. This Parliament was reconvoked by Li Yuan-hung in June 1916 following the death of Yuan Shih-kai. Mr. I took his seat in Parliament, and remained until June 1917 when it was again dissolved. In < June 1919 Mr. I was awarded the Third Class Chiaho and in -January 1920 the Third Class Wenfu. In February 1920 he was appointed Coun- cillor of the Government Economic Bureau. In February 1921 he received the Second Class Chiaho. In August 1922 the Old Parliament of which Mr. I was relieved of the councillor post to become a Member of the House of Representatives. In October 1922 Mt. I was awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho and in January 1923 the Second Class Wenfu. In April 1923 he was appointed Chief of the Law Compilation Bureau in the Cabinet. This position he is still holding.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Loe Men Len
(Jao Meng-jen)
Dr. Loe Men Len was born at Nanchang Hsien, Kiangsi province, in 1882. When a mere youth he was noted as a scholar. At the age of 13 he became a Licentiate. In 1902 he passed the Provincial Competitive Ex- amination winning the degree of Chu Jen and in the year following he be- came a Metropolitan Graduate of Chih Shih which is equivalent to Ph.D. Subsequently Dr. Loe was made Junior Secretary of the Board of Works holding the rank of Taotai. In 1903 he was sent first to Japan and then to England to study Law. He graduated with the degree of B. A. from Lincoln's Inn and London University. Before returning to China, Dr. Loe served as Third Councillor to the Chinese Legation in London. Upon his return to China he attended the Examination by the Board of Education and obtained the honorary degree of Han-lin Compiler. The first appointment Dr. Loe received then was Second Class Secretary to the Board of War. Very soon he was promoted to be Senior Secretary of the
WHOS WHO IN CHINA 399
same Board. Sometime afterwards he was transferred to the Law Depart- ment of the Imperial Chancery or Cabinet, first as a Sectional Chief and then as a Councillor. Following the outbreak of the First Revolution in October 1911, Dr. Loe was elected a senator of the Nanking Provisional: Assembly. In 1912 Dr. Loe became Secretary to the President. During Yuan Shih-kai's term, he held many positions as in the Compilation Bureau in the Cabinet, Councillor of the Law Bureau in the State Department, Assistant Examiner of the Magistrate Examination, and Legal Councillor to the President.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. C. P. Yin
(Jen Chuan-pang)
Mr. C. P. Yin was born at Wukiang Hsien Kiangsu province in 1878. After receiving his Chinese education he went to Japan where he studied at the Commercial School in Tokyo until 1906. In March 1906 Mr. Yin went to America as a government student. He entered the University of Illinois and took the Railway Administration course, and was graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1911. He returned to China in December 1911. During 1912 Mr. Yin was advisor on foreign affairs to the late General Lan Tien-wei, a Kuomingtang military leader. In 1913 he was appointed a Member of the Commission on the Unification of Railway Accounts and Statistics of the Ministry of Communications. He became Technical Expert of the same Ministry in 1914. In 191G he was given the concurrent pos- ition of acting secretary. In May 1916 Mr. Yin was appointed managing
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 401
director of the Peking- Suiyuan Railway and in May 1917 he was promoted to the position of managing director of the same Railw^ay. In June 1917 Mr, Yin was appointed managing director of the Shanghai-Nanking and Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo Railways. In February 1919 he was awarded the Third Order of Chiaho for services rendered in connection with Pla^e Prevention. In November 1919, at the recommendation of the Defence Commissioner of Sungkiang and Shanghai, his name was recorded as one eligible for appointment by the President in recognition of his services in connection with the Repatriation of Enemy Subjects. In January 1920 he was awarded the Second Order of Wenfu for services rendered in con- nection with particiption in the World War. In August 1920 Mr. Yin was transferred and appointed Member of the Councillors' Department of the Ministry of Communications. He wa^, however, reappointed managing director of the Shanghai-Nanking, Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo Railways in June 1921 which position he is still holding. In June 1922 Mr. Yin re- ceived the Second Order of Chiaho.
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402
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. K'ang Yu-wei,
m ^ ^ ^ S ^ Mr. K'ang Yu-wei was born at Nan-Hai Hsien, Kuangtung province, in 1856. He became a provincial graduate in 1893 and a Metropolitan Grad- uate in 1895. The famous school called Wan Mu Tsao Tang at Canton was founded by Mr. K'ang and was the place where he taught a large number of Chinese scholars from all over the land. Among those who later became distinguished are Mr. Liang Chi-chiao, the late Hsu Chin and the late T'ang Chu-teng. Mr. Kang Yu-wei is a well-known reformer, having started his campaign in favor of reform in the South during the Sino-Japanese war in 1894-95 by means of leaflets and lectures. He petitioned the Imperial government advising it not to mako peace with Japan and suggesting immediate reforms. On June 14, 1898, he received an audience from the late Emperor Kwang Hsu on the recommendation of Weng T'ung-ho, the Imperial Tutu. He at once obtained strong influence over the Emperor, whose famous reform decrees of 1898 were inspired by him. A plot to prevent the Empress Dowager from actively interfering in politics laid by Kang Yu-wei and his followers was reported to the Empress Dowa(ger by Yuan Shih-kai, then Viceroy of Chihli. who was prompted to do so through fear of losing his own power should Ka,ng's party became predominant.
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In consequence, Mr. Kang was proscribed and ordered to be decapitated when the Empress Dowager effected her coup d'etat to save herself. For- tunately Mr. K'ang escaped and resided abroad for many years, principally in America and Japan. During this period, he traveled extensively in many countries, accompanied by his daughter, now Mrs. Lo Chang, the poetess. Mr. K'ang returned to China after the overthrow of the Manchu government and the establishment of the Republic. Through the encour- agement of the late Yuan Shih-kai, he founded the society for the worship of Confucius. He has been a persistent advocate of the adoption of Con- fucianism as the state religion of China. One of his ambitions has been the restoration of the Manchus to the Throne. He played an important part in General Chang Hsun's movement to reovown the dethroned Enperor in July of 1917. On July 1, the first day of the restora- tion. Mr. K'ang was appointed vice-presdent of the House of Peers. Chang's forces collapsed on July 12, and Mr. K'ang fled to the Am- erican Legation for refuge on the following day. Subsequently he was ordered to be arrested by the Republican government. In December 1917, Mr. K'ang effected his escape to Tientsin. In March 1918 he was granted an amnesty by a Presidential mandate, cancelling the order for his arresti Mr. K'ang's writings are widely read by Chinese scholars. Recently, he has been devoting all of his time to advocating the adoption of Confuci- anism as the State religion and a Coneifcutional Monarchy instead of the Republic.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Kao En-hung
Mr. Kao En-hung was born at P'eng Hai Hsien, Shantung Province, in 1875. He studied in the Temple Hill College, Chefoo. He completed his studies at King's College, London, where he remained for six years. Re- turning he was first attached to the Chinese Amban in Tibet from 1907 to 1909. He was next appointed Secretary to ex-President Hsu Shih-chang who was at that time directlor-general of the Tientsin- Puko!w Railway. Later he became secretary to the Governor of Mukden, who was no other than Mr. Tang Shao-yi. In 1910 Mr. Kao was transferred to the Board of Communications, then known as Yuchuan Pu, and in 1912 he was appointed secretary to the Szechuan-Hankow Railway Administration and concurrently director of the telegraph office in Hankow. In 1914 Mr. Kao was made
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 405
director of the Szechuan-Tibet Telegraph Administration, with headquarters at Chengtu, and in 1916 he was appointed director of the Department of Telegraph Materials in Shanghai. In September 1920 Mr. Kao was given the concurrent position of a member of the Counselor's Hall in the Minis- try of Communications. In February 1921 he was awarded the Third Order of Chiaho. In May 1922 Mr. Kao was appointed Acting Minister of Com- munications. In June 1922 he was ordered to act concurrently as Minister of Education. In July 1922 he received the First Order of Tashou Chiaho, and in October 1922 the First Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. He held the post of Acting Minister of Communications until January 1923 when he retired to private life. Mr. Kao's name has been registered as candidate for the post of Minister Plenipotentiary to a foreign country. In March 1924, Mr. Kao was appointed Director General of the Administration of Kiaochow Trading area. Owing to Mr. Kao's close affiliation with the Chihli party, he was dismissed from his position late in 1924, when the Chihli forces were defeated by the Anfu-Fengtien faction, in the war which began September 1, 1924. In December he was kidnapped by the militarists and since that time has been detained in Tsinanfu, the capital of Shantung province, and Tientsin. Early in 1925 he was offered his release but refused to accept without an apology and a statement from the Peking government, completely exonerating him from any charge of misconduct while in office as Governor of the Tsingtao Special Adminis- trative Area.
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406
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Kao Lin-wei
Mj-. Kao Lin-wei, Was born at Tientsin, Chihli, in 1869. In 1869 he succeessfuUy passed the literary examinations and was afterwards assigned to the province lof Hupeh for official appointment. He was sub-director of the High School of the Chin Hsin College, and superintendent of the Milit- ary Academy in Hupeh. Later he became director of the Hupeh Govern- ment Mint. While holding the position of Viceroy of Hunan and Hupeh, Chang Chih-tang ordered the establishment of an arsenal, industrial plants and copper and silver mints, and also encouraged the establishment of learning in his territory. Mr. Kao participated in all these activities to the satisfaction of the great Viceroy. In 1906 he was promoted to be commissioner of education in Hupeh, It was at a time when the Central
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 407
government tried to concentrate power in Peking and local finances were consequently stringent and the fund for education became very scant. In such circumstances Mr. Kao accepted the new appointment. But in a few months he was able to increase the number of schools in that province by ten and find the necessary funds for the purpose. In 1909 Mj, Kao was promoted to be provincial treasurer, a very high provincial appoint- ment at that time. After serving in that important capacity for sometime, one of his parents died, and according to the ancient custom, he had to retire from oflicial duties for three years. Then came the first revolution in 1911, and Mr. Kao went to Tientsin to continue living in retirement. During his retirement in Tientsin, at the request of his friends, he did all he could to direct the organization of banks along modern lines in the different parts of the country. In August 1913 Mr. Kao, was appointed Acting Chief of the Financial Bureau of Chihli. In September 1913 he was ordered to act concurrently as Chief of the Preparation Bureau for the Collection of Na- tional Taxes in Chihli. He was relieved of these two posts in April 1914, In 1915 Mr. Kao was High Advisor to the Office of the Tuchun of the Three Eastern Provinces. In August 1917, a new Parliament was convened and Mr. Kao was a member of it from Chihli. In August 1920 M.T. Kao was appointed Vice-Minister of Agriculture and Commerce. In January 1921 he received the Second Class Tashou Chiaho. In July 1921 he was ap- pointed Vice-President of the Bank of Agriculture and Commerce. In October 1921, he was appointed Minister of Finance and was awarded the First Class Tashou Chiaho. In November 1921 he was ordered to be con- currently Director General of the Currency Bureau and also Director General of the Salt Adminstratiofn. In December 1921 he was transferred to be Minister of the Interior. In this capacity he served iin January
1922 the following concurrent positions: Director-General of Famine Re- lief; Director General of the Metropolitan Municipal Administration; and President of the Yangtze River Coin'mission. In March 1922 Mr. Kao was awarded the First Class Wenfu. In May 1922 he was ordered to act con- currently as Minister of Comimunications. This acting post he only held fbr half a month. In June 12, 1922 Mr. Kao was relieved of the portfolio of the Interior. On the 18th of the same m^onth he was appointed Civil Governor of Chihli. But he did not assume office and on the 24th he was relieved of the po^ of governor. In Augu^ 1922 he was appointed Acting Minister of Finance. In September he was transferred to be Acting Minister of Agriculture and C-ommerce. In October 1922 Mr. Kao was given the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In November 1922 he was transferred to be Acting Minister of the Interior. In January 1923 he was appointed Minister of the Interior. In February he was ordered to hold concurrently the Presidency of the Yangtze River Com'mission. In October
1923 Mr. Kao was appointed to act as Premier. This position he held until January 1924, when he was appointed Director General of the Customs Administration to succeed Mr. Sun Pao-chi, who had been appointed Premier.
408
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Kao Lu
Mr. Kao Lu was born at Chang Le Hsien, Fukien Province, in 1881. He was graduated from the Naval Architecture Department of the Naval Academy at the Foochow Naval Dockyard. After graduation Mr. Kao worked for three years in railway survey and construction and then went to Belgium as a government student. He studied in the University of Brussels and was graduated from there with the degree of B. Sc. From Belgium Mr. Kao went to Germany and France. In both of these countries he was ad- mitted to a number of factories where he received much practical training. He spent altogether nine years in Europe. While in France, Mr. Kao wrote a book on aviation and aircraft. Mr. Kao returned to China in 1911. He arrived at Canton in November just in time to join the revolutionary activities as he was a Kuo-ming-tang member. He was immediately en- gaged by the Canton Provincial government to plan an air fleet. In January 1912 the Provisional government in Nanking appointed Mr. Kao a Secret-
i^rt-
WHO^S WHO IN CHINA 409
ary to President Sun Yat-sen. After a permanent government was estab- lished in Peking, he became Director of the Cadastral Department in the Ministry of the Interior, In 1913 upon the recommendation of the Ministry of Education Mr. Kao was appointed Director of the Government Observa- tory in Peking. In that capacity he introduced scientific methods regarding operation and also publications of the observations. Since his time the Observatory has been publishing a Year Book and a monthly meterological magazine. In 1920 Mr. Kao again visited Europe to study the progress of modern science. Subsequently the Ministry of Education appointed him Director of the Educational Mission in Europe. In February 1921 Mr. Kao received the Second Class Pao-Kuang Chiaho. In February 1922 he was recalled to China and resumed the directorships of the Peking Ob- servatory, which position he is still holding. Mr. Kao is president of the Chinese Astromomical Institution; and author of The Principle of Einstein's Theory of Relativity, and Absolute Integral Calculus.
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410
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Ko Tai-hong
(Kao Ta-fang)
Dr. T. H. Ko was born at Chang-chow, Fukien Province in 1877. He received his elementary and advanced education at home, and then studied medical science in the Siokhe Hiospital, Siokhe, and the Hope's Hospital, Kulangsoo, Amoy, of which the late John Otte, M. D., one of the foremost physicians in Fukien, was superintendent. Dr. Ko was graduated with first honors in 1899 in science and has practiced both in Changchow and Amoy. Beside his professional pursuits, he is prominent in social and business activities, especially in Christian movements. It was largely his efforts and assistance that led to the establishment of the Chinese Christian Church in Changchow, the first Church in Fukien Province established and support- ed by Chinese. Among the numerous positions he holds at present may be mentioned: President of the Chinese Christian Church, Changchow; member of the committee of the General Chamber of Commerce in Amoy; Advisor
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 411
to the Ck)inmercial and Industrial Bank, and the Nitaka Bank; vice-director of the Amoy Canning Company; Director of the Lamfong Drug Co., Amoy, and the Lamaon Dispensary, Changchow; member of the Committee of the City Y. M. C. A., Amoy; and a member of the Board of Trustees of the- Girls Public School, Amoy.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Ku Chung'hsin
Mr. Ku Chung-hsin was born at Ting Hsien, Chihli Province, in 1874. He studied Chinese under the famous literate Wu Ju-lung, ,the founder of the Tung-ch'eng School. In 1900 Mr. Ku attended the Chihli Provincial Examination granted by Imperial Grace, and came out first on the list, re- ceiving the title of Yu Kung or Senior Licentiate thus qualifying to be admitted to the metropolitan competition. Having passed the metropolitan examination he was given the qualification to be a magistrate. However, he did not take up any magistrate's post because soon after he entered the Imperial University of Peking. In 1901 Dr. Ku went to Japan to study in Waseda University where he was later graduated. Upon his return to China he became a teacher In the High Normal School of Chihli. Sub- sequently Mr. Ku became the private secretary to Governor Tseng of Chihli where he rendered great assistance in establishing not less than eight
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 413
courts. After the outbreak of the first Revolution in October 1911, Mr. Ku represented the-Chihli Provincial Assembly, then known as Tze-i-chu, at Wuchang and Nanking to assist in the organization of the new govern- ment. He was on the committee to draft the Provisional Constitution. He wae also a member of the National Council in Nanking which elected Dr. Sun Yat-.sen as the Provisional President. On the Manchu abdication in February 1912, Sun Yat-sen resigned in favor of Yuan Shih-kai, who accepted the Provisional Constitution drawn up by the National Council at Nanking. The Council was then transferred to Peking to act as the Legis- lature until the inauguration of the new, two-chamber National Assembly. The Parliament or National Assembly was formally inaugurated in April 1913. Mr. Ku was a member of the Lower House and also on the Consti- tution Drafting Committee. In January 1924 the National Assembly was dissolved by Yuan Shih-kai who had previously proscribed the Kuomintang as a seditious organization, unseated all the members of the two Houses belonging to that Party, thereby depriving the Legislatiire .of a legal qu- orum. Mr. Ku, being a prominent Kuomintang member, fled to Shanghai the winter of 1913 and at once started the magazine True Opinion and the daily paper Chung Hua Hsin Pao to oppose Yuan Shih-kai. In Peking, two years of absolute rule by Yuan Shih-kai followed and then his monar- chical project was launched. However, in December 1915 a revolt, organized by the late General Tsao Ao, broke out in Yunnan. Mr. Ku was appointed the official representative at Shanghai for the revolting organization, in which capacity he rendered no small service in overthrowing Yuan Shih-kai. Yuan Shih-kai died in June 1916 and Li Yuan-hung be- came President. In July Mr. Ku was appointed Minister of Agriculture and Commerce in Marshal Tuan Chi-jui's Cabinet. At the same time he was appointed Director- General of the National Conservancy Bureau. In June 1917 he resigned from the ministership. In August 1922 Old Parliament was reconvoked and Mr. Ku became an M. P. again. In December he, was awarded the First Order of Tashou Chiaho. In February 1923 Air. Ku was appointed Director General of the Bureau for the Preparation of Redeeming Railway. Mr. Ku is noted for his scholastic ability, having written many books among which are: "Essays on Politics" in 20 volumes, "Some As- pects on the Development of Agriculture and Commerce" in one volume, "Ku's Bassays and Poems", "Explanations on the Constitutions drafted in the Temple of Heaven," and "A History on the Infanthood of the China Republic."
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414
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Vi-tsing Koo
(Ku Wei-ching)
Mr. Vi-tsing Koo was born at Wusih, Kiangsu, in 188S. After obtain- ing his Chinese education under private tutorship in his native city, he entered Nanyang College, Shanghai, in 1907. On graduation from that College he succeeded in passing a competitive examination and was sent by the government to the United States to pursue higher education. Upon his arrival in America, he studied electrical engineering in the University of Illinois. After receiving the degrje of B. S. from that University, Mr. Koo went to the East to continue etudy in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from which he received the degree of Master of Science. He
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 415
was also awarded the degree of M. S. by Harvard University. It was during his study at the Institute of Technology that he perfected a hydraulic microphone. Mr. Koo returned to China in 1916 and was immediately given a professorship at Conservancy College, Nanking, which position he retained until he was called to take u,p a similar position by his Alma Mater, Nanyang College (now Nanyang University) in 1917. In 1919 Mr, Koo was Chief Engineer of the Yu Foong Cotton Mill at Cheng ChoW, Honan. He resigned from that position in 1922 and went to the Chiao Tung University at Peking to be the Director of Business and at t he same time Head of the Radio Engineering Department. In the summer of 1923, his service in his Alma Mater was again needed and he was then appointed Dean of the University, which position he is now holding. Besides the school in his Alma Mater, Mr. Koo is also chief engineer of Yao Ming Lighting Plant at his native city, Wusih.
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416
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Vi-kyuinWellinglon Koo
mmm^'jf ni
(Ku Wei-chun)
Dr. Wellington Koo was born at Shanghai in 1887. From 1899 to 1900 Ije studied at the Anglo-Chinese Ck)llege, Shanghai; at the Yu Tsai School from 1900 to 1901; and at the St. John's University from 1901 to 1904. While at the St. John's he was editor of the Dragon. Dr. Koo went to America in October 1904. He prepared for college at Cook Academy dur- ing 1904-1905. At Columbia University he studied Liberal Arts from 1905 to 1908 and Political Science from 1908 to 1912. He received the degree of A. B. in 1908; A. M. in 1909; and Ph. D. in 1912. While in America Dr. Koo was a member of the American Society of International Law and of the American Political Science Association. He was elected to the Nacoms, the Blue Pencil, and Delta Epsilon Rho societies in 1911. He was the recipient of the Philoleecean Literary Prize, the Columbia-Cornell
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
417
Debating Medal, and a member of the Varsity Debating Team, 1906-1907. He was editor of the Columbia Spectator; the Chinese Students' Monthly; the Chinese Students' Annual; and manager of the Columbia and the Col- umbia Monthly. He was always a very popular speaker in America. Dr. Koo returned to China in April 1912. He immediately joined the government as Secretary of the Cabinet and also of the President. In August 1912 he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a Secretary, and in October of the same year he was promoted to be a Councillor. He was connected with the Presidential Office and the Ministry until 1915. On July 11, 1915 Dr. Koo was appointed Chinese Minister to Mexico and was subsequently awarded the Second Class Chiaho Decoration. On October 25, 1915 he was trans- ferred to be Chinese Minister to the United States and Cuba. Dr. Koo became a member of the Columbia Union Club in 1915 and of the Metropolitan Club in 1916. He was awarded the Honorary Degree of LL. D. by Yale University in 1916. In January 1919 Dr. Koo was appointed Chinese Delegate to the Paris Peace Conference. At the conference he was one of the chief advocates of refusing to sign the Treaty. In July 1919 he was appointed Chinese delegate to the International Labor Conference. In August 1920 Dr. Koo became Chief Chinese Delegate to the League of Nations. In September 1920 he was transferred to be Chinese Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of St. James. In December 1920 he was elected a member of the Administrative Council of the League of Nations. For some time he was its chairman. On the day when he was elected to that honorable seat, he was awarded by the Chinese government the Third Order of Merit. In October 1921 Dr. Koo was appointed one of the four Chinese Delegates to the Washington Conference. In November 1921 he was given the rank of Ambassador. In March 1922 Dr. Koo received the First Class Tashou Chiaho and also the First Class Wenfu. He returned to Peking in May 1922 on a visit to confer with the government on important diplomatic questions in consequence of the Washington Conference. In June 1922 Dr. Koo was appointed President of the Commission for the Discussion of National Financial Questiotis. In August 1922 he was appointed Acting Minister of Foreigin Affairs., In September 1922 he was relieved of the post of President of the Financial Commission. In October 1922 he Was given the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In November 1922 he was ordered to be concurrently the Chief of the Preparations Bureau for the Special Tariff Conference. In the same month he was relieved of the portfolio of Foreign Affairs. In April 1923 Dr. Koo was again appointed Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs. In Jan- uary 1924 Mr. Sun Pao-chi became Prime Minister and Dr. Koo was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs. Dr. Koo served as Minister of Foreign Affairs, until October 1924, when he was forced to retire upon the defeat of the Chihli party by the Anfu-Fengtien faction, in the war which began in September 1924. Dr. Koo is at present residing in Tientsin.
41«
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Kuan Chun
(Kuan Chiung)
Mr. Kuan Chun who presides at the Mixed Court as Senior Magistrate, was born at Hanyang Hsien, Hupeh. .\fter successfully passing the second series of literary examinations in the Manchu dynasty when the title of Master of Arts was conferred on him at quite an early age, he was appointed an expectant magistrate in the Province of Kiangsu. In 1902 Mr. Kuan attempted the third series of examinations but without success. In the following year, he became acting magistrate of the Mixed Court in the International Settlement of Shanghai, in which capacity he has enjoyed the confidence of the community and has been given the perfectship while still retaining his post. When ex-President Hsu Shih-chang became Viceroy of Manchuria, he and the Kirin Governor memorialized the throne for the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 419
transfer of Magistrate Kuan to Manchuria. But on account of the appeal made on the latter's behalf by the Consular Body in Shanghai, he remained in Shanghai. The year 1907 saw Magistrate Kuan promoted to be magistrate of the Kiangyin district. While the revolution in 1911 was in full sway, Mr. Kuan was appointed by Liu Hsiang-sung, Taotai to return to his former oiBce in the Mixed Court in deference to the request of the Shanghai community. The appointment was officially gazetted upon the establishment of the Republic through General Tseng Teh-chuan, Tutuh of Kiangsu. At that time, ex-President Li Yuan-hung was serving as Tutuh of Hupeh and he urged Mr. Kuan to return to his home province for an im- portant appointment, but the repeated requests of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce and the Consular Body in Shanghai induced him to hold his present office. The reorganization of certain sections of the Mixed Court as well as the just decisions rendered in the difficult and complicated cases that come before Mr. Kuan's tribunal has drawn a great deal of favor- able comment from all interests. Magistrate Kuan is an excellent English scholar, although he bad very little schooling in this language he has devoted much of his ispare time to perfecting himself in this language, which is extremely valuable in his consulation with the foreign assessors of the court. For his distinguished services, he has been decorated by the Peking as well as other governments. He received the Second Class Tashou Chiaho in May 1919, the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho in May 1920; and the Second Class Wen Fu in February 1922.
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420
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. H. C. Kuan
m m \n ^mm
(Kuan Hai-Ch'ing)
Mr. H. C. Kuan was born at Mukden, Fengtien Province, in 1881. In his youth, Mr. Kuan received the old Chinese education and obtained the degree of Chu Jen. In 1899, he entered a private foreign language school and studied Russian and Japanese. Later he entered Peking Government University and studied philosophy, literature and politics in the High
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 421
Normal Department. In 1908, Mr. Kuan was graduated from the University and was honored with the rank of secretary of the Imperial Cabineti. In 1909, he was appointed president of Fengtien High College and also was made professor in Fengtien High Normal School. Later he was promoted to the rank of perfect, being recommended by His Excellency Chao Erh- shun, then the Viceroy of the Three Eastern Provinces. In 1912 he was appointed the Director of Fengtien Law College and the professor of Roman Jurisprudence and International Law in the same institute and in 1916, he was appointed president of Fengtien Foreign Language College and in the same year was engaged as secretary in the ifilitary and Civil Governor's Yamen. In 1918, Mr. Kuan was appointed Special Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, Mukden, and the Superintendent of Fengtien Maritime Customs. In 1921, he resigned from the Diplomatic Commission, and since then has been connected with the Customs Service. He has received the following decorations:— 2nd class Ta-Shou Chia-Ho, 2nd class Pao-Kuang Chia-Ho, 2nd class Wen-Hu, 2nd class Japanese Jui-Pao Decoration and 3rd class Japanese Rising Sun.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Kuan Keng-lin
IS K « ^ M A Mr. Kuan Keng-lin was born at Nan-hai hsien, Kuangtung province, in 1880. He became a Metropolitan graduate in 1904. Subsequently, he went to Japan and studied in the Hung Wen school. Upon his return to China he joined the Peking Government University, where he studied politics and law. Upon the completion of these courses he was appointed a junior secretary of the Board of War. In 1905 he accompanied Viceroy Tuan Fang and Grand Councillor Tai Hung-tse on their mission to America and Europe to study constitutional forms of government and received decora- tions from the governments of Prussia, Russia, Sweden and Italy. In 1906, he returned to China and resumed the office of secretary of the Board of War, acting concurrently as educational superintendent of the School for Cantonese in Peking. During 1906 he was transferred to the Boord of Communications. In 1907 he was appointed junior secretary of the railway department and acted as chief of General Affairs and Railway Affairs. Later he was promoted and was in charge of Telegraph Affairs. In 1908
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 423
he became sub-director of the railway department, with rank of senior secretary. In 1911, Mr. Kuan was appointed associate director of the Peking-Hankow railway administration. From 1912-1915, he was director of the administration. For his meritorious services he received the Fourth Class Wen Hu and the Third Class Chiaho. In 1912, he founded the Railway Association, together with Liang Shih-yi and Yeh Kung-cho, and was elected chief secretary of the Association. In 1916 he became secret- ary of the Ministry of Finance. The next year he was appointed director of the railway department of the Ministry of Communications. During his connection with the Ministry he was chairman of the Transportation Con- ference for the codification of railway laws and vice-chairman of the Conference for Railway Sanitation. He received the Third Class Wen Hu in recognition of his distinguished services. He Was also elected vice- chairman of the Railway Association, being reelected in 1918. In 1918, Mr. Kuan was appointed chief of the Through Traffic Depardment, an,d received the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho decoration. He was also ap- pointed a member of the Finance Commission in the President's office. In January 1919, he was appointed acting counsellor and concurrently chief of the Transportation Bureau of the Ministry of Communications, and received the Second Class Tashou Chiaho decoration. In June 1919, he became a Councillor of the Ministry. The following January, he was awarded the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho. In August 1920, he was given the concurrent position of Director General of the Hankow-Canton-Szechuen Railway and appointed a member of the committee on International Com- munications. In September 1920, Mr. Kuan was appointed a member of the Famine Relief Commission of the Ministry, and in November he received another concurrent position as executive member of the Railway Finance Commission. He helped draw up plans for the establish- ment of the Communications University. In Febrxiary he was relieved of all other posts. He only retained this position until August 1921. Mr. Kuan was awarded the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and was appointed a "member of the Railway Location Commission, In March 1922, he was appointed executive member of the Commission on Communications in connection with the rendition of Shantung. In June 1922, he was appointed president of the Communications University.
424
Who^s who in china
Dr. Fong Foo See
(Kuang Fu-shao)
Dr. Fong F. Sec was born at Sunning, Kuangtung Province, in 1869 and entered a private primary school in his home village when he was eight years of age. His father was a farmer and Dr. Fong was one of eight children. At that time many Chinese in South China were going to America to work on the western railways. In 1882, accompanied by neighbor villagers Dr. Fong embarked for the United States. The steamer that took him to America was the a. s. China. Through the recommendation of an American family,he obtained work and his weekly wage was one dollar. Being anxious to acquire a knowledge of the English language, Dr. Fong entered a night school. A Chinese Christian pastor. Chin Toy by name, took an interest in him and assisted him materially. He soon became a Christian. The Salvation Army was at that time active on the Western coast of America and Dr. Fong became an enthusiastic worker. He soon left Sacramento and went to San Francisco, where he underwent a course of training for six
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 425
months. He travelled up and down the Pacific Coast in the interest of the Armj^ and was afterwards assigned to duties at its headquarters in San Francisco. He took a course in shorthand and typewriting and later obtained a position as stenographer to the Chief Officer of the Salvation Army on the Pacific Coast. He remained with the Salvation Army from 1885 to 1893. In 1897 he entered Pomona College, one of the leading institutions of learning in California and supported himself by working about the Col- lege campus. Altogether five years were spent in Pomona College, where he did the high school work and spent his fxeshman year. From Pomona- he went to the University of California 3nd after a study of three years he obtained the degree of Bachelor of Letters, in 1905. Having obtained a scholarship at Teachers College, Columbia University, Dr. Fong proceeded to that university to specialize in English and education for one year", at the end of which time the degrees of M. A. and M. E. were conferred upon him. At that time Liang Chen-tung was Chinese Minister at Washington and he recommended Dr. Fong to Tsen Chun-hsuan, who was then the Viceroy of the Liang Kuang Provinces, and in the summer of 1906 Dr. Fong was appointed professor of English in the College of Foreign Lang- uages and Provincial College in Canton. On his return to Canton Dr. Fong found his parents still living. He taught school for one year and in the autumn of 1907 went to Peking where he competed in an examination for returned students and Won the degree of Chin Shih which was equivalent to the degree of Doctor of Literature. After passing the examination. Dr. Fong was given an appointment in the Ministry of Communications; how- ever, he had no inclination for official life, so in 1908 he became editor- in-chief of the English editorial department of the Commercial Press, which position he is still holding. Dr. Fong has written a number of textbooks specially adapted to the needs of Chinese students of English, among which books may be mentioned the following: Language Lessons, A Class- room Conversation Book, Elementary and Intermediate Composition, Stories from Shakespeare. In raising the standard of the English books published by the Commercial Press, Dr. Fong has made his chief contribution to educational development in China. In 1922 the Pomona College con- ferred the degree of Doctor of Laws upon Dr. Fong, That College had only twice before in its history awarded this degree. Notwithstanding his busy life he has found time for work of social usefulness, and in the numerous offices which he has been and is holding in a social capacity may be mentioned the following: Chairman (for many years) of the National Committee of the Y. M. C. A. of China, member of committee of manage- ment of the Institution for the Chinese Blind, director of the Shanghai Chinese Y. M. C. A., member of Field Board of Shangtung Christian Uni- versity, honorary president of Nanyang Commercial Academy, member of the executive committee of the China Christian Educational Association, member of the executive committee of the Forestry Fund, Eld|er of the Cantonese Union Church in Shanghai, Dr. Fong's present address is c/o Editorial Department, Commercial Press, Shanghai.
426
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. H. K. Kwong
(Kuang Hsu-kun)
Mr. H. K. Kwong was born in Canton, Kwangtung, in 1892. After securing his preliminary education in Canton and Shanghai, he entered St. John's University, Shanghai, in 1907. In 1909 he obtained the government scholarship established with the returned indemnity fund, being second in the competitive examinations held for Chinese students to be sent tO' the United States. Upon arriving in America in September 1909, he entered Andover Academy and stayed there for one year. He was admitted to
WHO'S WHO IN CHIN-A 42l
Princeton University in 1910 and received his degree of Litt. B. in 1914. While in college Mr. Kwong was popular, and was identified with many college activities. He served on the Daily Princetonian as an editor from 1912 to 1914, being the first foreigner ever appointed on the editorial board of the paper. From 1912 to 1914, he was a member of the Key and Seal Club, which is a substitute for Greek letter fraternities in Princeton, the latter being prohibited. In 1913, he was a member of the Muniqipal Club. During his junior year, Mr. Kwong was also on the staff of the Springfield Republican. He attended the Columbia University Graduate School during 1914-15, specialising in economics. He was editor-in-chief of the Chinese Students' Monthly the official organ of the Chinese students in North America. In 1915, he served as Chinese delegate to the Interna- tional Press Conference held in connection with the Panama Exhibition. In the fall of the same year, Mr. Kwong entered the Columbia School of Journalism, receiving his degree in 1916. During this period he was president of the Chinese Students' Alliance. In August 1916, Mr. Kwong returned to China, and became assistant editor of the Peking Gazette. At the same time he was correspondent of the New York Evening Post. After a year he accepted a professorship of English and later was lecturer on International Law at Tsing Hua College. In 1918, Mr. Kwong returned to Shanghai and was appointed secretary of the Kiangnan Dock and Eng- ineering Works. In February 1922, he joined the Ministry of Communica- tions, Peking, as assistant chief of the assets section of the railway department. The , next month he received an appointment as expert of the Commission on Communications Questions called by the Ministry in connec- tion with the redemption of Shantung. Since 1923, Mr, Kwong has been in Harbin connected with the Chinese Eastern Railway.
428
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. K. Y. Kwong
(K'uang Sun-mou)
Mr. K. Y. Kwong, a native of Nanhai Hsien, Kuangtung Province, was born in Canton in 1863. He was one of the iirst groups of young Chinese who was sent to America by the Chinese government tio receive modern education. Mr. Kwong prepared for college in Williston Seminary, Eaat- hampton, Mass., from 1887 to 1880. He entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1880 and joined the 1884 class, but returned to China in 1882, before graduation. From 1882 to 1886 Mr. Kwong was general assistant in the Kaiping Mining Company, Tongshan. From 1886 to 1900 he was assistant engineer on Peking-Muk len Railway. He was assistant engineer in the Pinghsiang-Chuchow Railway from 1901 to 1903. Mr.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 429
Kwong rejoined the Peking-Mukden Railway as resident engineer from 1903 to 1905. And was district engineer on the Peking-Kalgan Railway in the fall of 1905-1906. In the fall of 1906 he became engineer-in-chief of the Canton end of the Canton-Hankow Railway. From 1911 to 1916 he was chief engineer of the Peking-Sulyuan Railway and from 1917 to 1919 that of the Tientsin- Pukow Railway. During 1920-1921 Mr. Kwong was shop superintendent of the Peking-Hankow and Peking-Suiyuan Railways. From 1921 to 1922 he was engineer- in-chief of the Peking- Suiyjaan and consulting engineer of Peking-Hankow Railway. He retired to private life in May 1922. Mr. Kwong was awarded in December 1912 the Fifth Order of Chiaho; in November 1913 the Fourth Order of Wenfu; in March 1915 the Fourth Order of Chiaho; in DesemJber 1917 the Third Order of Chiaho; and in February 1921 the Fourth Order of Paokuang Chiaho. He was for some time president of the Association of Chinese and American engineers and also of the Chinese Engineers' Association. He was also a member of the Commission for the location of railroad lines called by the Ministry of Communications. Mr. Kwong's permanent address is: Care of Association of Chinese and American Engineers, Nanchitzu, Peking.
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430
WHO'S WfiO IN CHINA
Mr. H. H. Kung
Jii^m^m z
(K'ung Hsang hsi)
Mr. H. H. Kung, was born at Taikunsten, Shansi. He is the 75th direct descendant of Confucius. He was sent to America in 1901 by Viceroy Li Hung-chang for Western education. In 1906 he obtained the degree of B. A. at Oberlin College. The following year he received the degree of M. A. from Yale University. Mr. Kung returned to Shansi in 1907, where he organized the Shansi Oberlin Memorial College, of which he has since been president. He is an active Christian and is chairman of the Y. M. C. A. in Taiyuanfu. During the first revolution in 1911 he became the civil and military head of the Taikuhsien district, and kept that rich historic bank- ing center in order. Mr. Kung is adviser to the "model Governor" Yen Hsih-shan, of Shansi, and a leading promoter in the industrial development of his native province. He is on the directorate of many banks both in Shansi and elsewhere. During the great famine in 1919 he helped to organize the Chinese Foreign Famine Relief Committee in Shansi, sitting
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 431
also on the Famine Relief Road Commission. Ke was instrumental in bringing about the construction of roads in the province of Shansi by the Red Cross Famine Relief Committee. In June 1922, Mr. Kung was appointed a member of the Joint Sino-Japanese Commission to settle the details for the rendition of Shantung to China. He served on this Commission with much credit. He was awarded the Third Class Chiaho in January 1923, the Third Class Wenfu in May 1923, and the Second Class Wenfu in September 1923. Aside from his activities in official circles, Mr. Kung has been suc- cessful in business, dealing in coal and pig-iron. He is really more of an industrialist than a politician. Mr. Kung is a close friend of Sir John Jordan, and American Ministers at Peking, Dr. Reinsoh, Dr. Tenney, and Mr. Crane. Mrs. Kung is the elder sister of the wife of the late Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the President of South China.
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432
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Prince Khalachin
(Kung Sang No Erh Pu)
Prince Khalachin was born in the Ohosnt'u League of Inner Mongolia in 1867. After having mastered both the Chinese and Mongolian languages, he went to Japan for further education. He stayed in Japan for several years and acquired a good command of the language. Upon his return to Mongolia, he introduced many modern improvements especially in respect to
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 433
educational system. He engaged a large number of Japanese teachers for the schools and started many new educational institutions. He was res- ponsible for sending of many young Mongols to Japan to pursue modern education. Princess Khalachin is a sister of Prince Su, thus Prince Khala- chin was very influential with the Imperial Ching Household. He was for many , years Prince by heredity of the Right Wing of the Khalachin Tribe of the Chosot'u League of Inner Mongolia. In 1911 there came the First Revolution which resulted in the establishment of the Republic and the raising of the status of Mongolia to the same level as that of China Proper. Mongols were consequently invited to participate in the organization of the National Parliament. For loyality to the Republic Prince Khalachin was promoted from Second to First Class Prince in October 1912 by Yuan Shih- kai. In 1913 he was elected a Senator of the First Parliament. In January 1914 Parliament was dissolved and in May the same year he was appointed Director of the Bureau for Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs. He was con- currrently Tu-tung or Lieutenant General of the Plain White Banner under the Manchu Military Organization. In July 1917 when the boy emperor of the Ching Household was restored by Chang Hsun, Prince Khalachin was appointed President of the Board of Colonial Affairs. But the restoration was short lived, and he remained as Director of Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs as usual. He was removed from the Directorship in April 1922 and was at the same time appointed Chong Wei Chiangchun, Marshal of the College of Marshals, Peking. In February 1923 Prince Khalachin was again appointed Director of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Bureau. This position he is still holding. He is also Prince of the First Order of the Right Wing of the Khalachin Tribe of the Chosot'u League of Inner Mongolia, has been awarded the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and also the Second Class Wenfu.
434
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. P. W. Kuo
IP ?R ^ ^ ?ll « (Kuo Ping-wen)
Dr. P. W. Kuo was born at Shanghai in 1880. He entered Lowrie Institute, Shanghai, in 1893 and graduated from it in 1896. From 1896 to 1897 Dr. Kuo Was instructor of Lowrie Institutie. From 1897 to 1906 he was in the Customs and Postal services at Shanghai, Kashing and Hangchow. In July 1906 Dr. Kuo went to America to pursue higher education. He' prepared himself for college at Wooster Academy for two years. From 1908 to 1911 he studied Science at the University of Wooster, receiving the degree of Ph. B. in 1911. From 1911 to 1914 Dr. Kuo attended Col- umbia University in New York where he specialized in education. In 1912 he obtained the degree of A. M., and in 1914 that of Ph. D. The subject of his doctor's dissertation was "Chinese System of Public Education" which has since been published in book form. In the same year he was given a
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 435
diploma in Education, Teachers' College, Columbia. During his stay in America, Dr. Kuo manifested an unusual amount of leadership and showed great interest in religious works. He was editor-in-chief of the Chinese Students' Monthly, 1908 to 1909; editor of the Wooster Voice, 1909 to 1910; officer of the College Y. M. C. A., 1909 to 1911; officer of the Col- lege Literary Society, 1910 to 1911; general secretary of the Chinese Students' Christian Association, 1910 to 1912; President of the Chinese Students' Alliance, 1911 to 1912; elected to Phi Delta Kappa in 1912, and to Tause in 1913 ; and was awarded the Livingston Fellowship in Education, Columbia Teachers' College 1912 to 1913. In 1914 before his return to China, Dr. Kuo joined the Kiangsu Educational Commission to Europe and American as a member. He returned to China in July 1914. During 1914 and 1915 Dr. Kuo was an editor at the Commercial Press, Shanghai. In
1915 he became Dean of the Government Teachers' College, Nanking. In
1916 he was elected president of the Lowrie Institute and also of the Chekiang Provincial College. In 1917 he was chairman of the Educational Commission to Japan and the Philippiaes. Since 1917 he has been editor and director of the Commercial Press. In 1918 Dr. Kuo was appointed by the government as President of the Teachers' College, Nanking. During
1917 and 1918 he was Advisor to the Military Governor of Kiangsu. He became president of the Nanking Y. M. C. A. in 1915. In 1919 Dr. Kuo was chairman of the Educational Commission to Europe and America to study after-war educational problems and returned to China the late part of the year. Then he gave a series of lectures on the educational conditions in America and Europe. Since 1922 Dr. Kuo has been President of the South- Eastern University of which the Goverment Teachers' College formed the nucleus. He has also been the president of the College .of Commerce at Shanghai. In January 1923 Dr. Kuo was appointed by President Li Yuan-hung to serve as member of the National Educational Sinking Funds Commisson.
436
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Quo Tai-chi (Kuo T'ai Chi)
Mr. Quo Tai-chi was born at Wusueh, Hupeh, in 1889. He studied in Wuchang from 1903 to 1904. In May 1904 Mr. Quo arrived in the United States of America, as a government supported student. For one year he prepared for college at Easthampton high school, and at Willeston Seminary between 1907 and 1908. He studied political science at the University of Pennsylvania between 1908 and 1911, and graduated with the degree of B. S. In his college days he was active socially. He was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in March 1911; and was a member and an officer of the Philomathean Literary Society during 1908-11; and a member of the Cosmopolitan Club 1909-11. Between 1911 and 1912 he was awarded a scholarship in sociology at Pennsylvania, and became an editor of the Pennaylvanian. In 1911 he was reporter for the Philadelphia Press. He returned to China in March 1912, and was appointed Secretary to Li Yuan- hung, who was then Vice-President with his headquarters at Wuchang,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 437
where he also functioned as Military Governor of Hupeh. When President Li went to Peking in December 1913, Mt. Quo accompanied him thither as his secretary. In June 1916 Li Yuan-hung became President to suc- ceed Yuan Shih-kai who died that month. Mr. Quo became Chief English Secretary of the Presidential office and remained in that position, until the summer of 1917 when his, chief resigned from the office of the Chief Ex- ecutive as a result of Chang Hsun's monarchical movement. In 1916 Mr. Quo was appointed Councillor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Peking,, and this position he held until the summer of 1917 when he resigned from all the government offices upon the resignation of his chief from the Pre- sidiency, and left for the South where he joined the opposition government. In 1919 and 1920 he was in Paris as a member of the Conference and did much for China. After the termination of the Conference he returned to China and remained inactive for a time. When Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Tang Shao-yi and Dr. Wu Ting-fang returned to Canton and resumed their political activities, in the spring of 1921 he likewise took an active part in the administration of the opposition government.
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438
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Kuo Tse-yun
» m m-t'^Mm
Mr. Kuo Tse-yun is from the Province of Fukien. He was, however, born in 1882 at Taichow, Chekiang, where his grandfather was Prefect. Mr. Kuo was educated in his boyhood under private tutors'. In 1899 he entered the Peking Government University where he spent only one year. In 1900, he had again to study under private tutors on account of the Boxer Uprising. In 1902 Mr. Kuo successfully passed the Metropolitan ex- aminations held in Peking and became a Hanlin or Metropolitan graduate. He thus got his high literary honor at the comparatively young age of twenty. After spending nearly two years in the Hanlin Academy, Mr. Kuo went to Japan in 1905 to pursue higher studies. He joined Waseda Uni- versity where he studied political science and economics. Upon his return to China in 1907, he was appointed secretary in Manchuria, to Viceroy Hsu Shih-chang, and remained there for two years. In 1909 Mr. Kuo was ap- pointed by the government to be Customs Taotai at Wanchow, and Chuchow,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 439
Chekiang. In 1911, he was transferred to Hangchow to be Police Taotai. Upon the establishment of the Republic in 1912, he was appointed Secretary of the Cabinet. In May 1914 he was appointed Councillor of the State Department when the Hsu Shih-chang was Secretary of State. In August 1914 he was ordered to act concurrently Chief of the Merit Recording Bureau. In September 1914 he was appointed Chief of that Bureau. At the same time he was a member of the Bureau of Rites. In 1915 he was appointed Assistant of the State Department which was established during that period to replace the Cabinet upon the adoption of the Preidential System, which system, however, died together with the late President Yuan Shih-kai in the summer of 1916. In 1916 he was Deputy Commissioner of the Civil Service examinations. In 1918, Mr. Kuo was appointed Acting Chief Secretary in Chien Nun-hsiung's Cabinet. He was made Chief Secre- tary of the Cabinet in January 1919 when General Chin Yun-peng became Prime Minister. In November 1919 he was appointed Active Chief Secre- tary of the Cabinet. In January 1920 Mr. Kuo was connferred the First Order of Wenfu. In March 1920 he was appointed concurrently Assistant Director General of the Government Economic Information Bureau. On May 2, 1920, he was appointed to be Director General of the same Bureau. On Miay 14, 1920, Mr. Kuo was conferred the First Order of Wenfu. In March 1920 he was appointed concurrently As- sistant Director General of the Government Economic Information Bureau. On May 2, 1920, he was promoted to Director General of the same Bureau. On May 14, 1920, he was relieved of this post. In July, 1920 Mr. Kuo was conferred the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In December 1921 he was relieved of the post of Acting Chief Secretary of the Cabinet and was appointed Chief of the Bureau of Immigration. He was relieved of this post in June 1922.
k
440
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Y* K. Kuo
(Kuo Yun-kuan)
Mr. Yun Kwan Kuo was born at Wenchow, Chekiang, in 1888. He studied at the Futan College, Woosung, and graduated in 1910. Later he took a post-graduate woik in the law department of Peiyang University and graduated at the university in 1914. After his graduation he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, having successfully passed the diplomatic ser- vice examinations. He remained in the ministry until 1916 when he was sent by the government to America to make further study on international law and diplomacy in the post-graduate sshool of Columbia University, New York. Before his graduation at Columbia, peace was declared, and he was instructed by the Chinese government to go to Europe as a staff" member of the Chinese delegation to the Peace Conference. When the delegation reached Europe, he was appointed secretary to Dr. C. T. Wang, one of the five Chinese members to the conference. Mr. Kuo returned to
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 441
China in December of 1919, and rejoined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He received the rank of Assistant Secretary of the Ministry. In September 1920 he was appointed a compiler of the Law Codification Commission. In November 1920 he was made a member of the commission to study the peace treaty, and of the commission to study the problems of jurisdiction. He was chosen by Dr. Wang Chung-hui, in March 1921 to accompany him to Europe in the capacity of secretary when the latter was invited by Dr. Drummond, Secretary-General of the League of Nations, to be Chinese member of the commission to study the proposals for the amendments of the League Covenant. In May 1922 he was awarded the Third Class Chi- aho. Mr. Kuo is a Chinese scholar. He has written a book in Chinese on evidence for the Guild of Chinese Judiciaries, which he dedicated to his father, "who spared no effort in providing me with a legal education."
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442
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Admiral K* K. Lang
fe^ Jt flS ^ ^ *
(Lan Chien-shinJ
Admiral K. K. Lang born at Minghouhsien, Fukien, in 1858, He re- ceived his naval education at the Foochow Naval School, graduating from that institution in 1874 with the highest honors. Immediately after his graduation, he joined the navy, working gradually up as third second lieu- tenant and was chosen as Lieut. Commander of the Chaoyung War Vessel which once visited Great Britain. Following his return, he served as Captain of the gunboats, Chen Cheung, Chen Hsi and Chen Nan and of the training ships. We Yuen, Chiah and Tung Chi and of the cruiser Hai Chin. During the last days of the Manchus he was tranferred to the Ministry of Navy, when he served respectively as Staff officer, head of the Administra- tive Department and Rear Admiral with right to wear the peacock feather
WHO'S WHO IN CMlNA 443
and occupying important offices in Chihli and Shantung. When the Republic was established, Admiral Lang was appointed in April 1912 as senior member of the Naval General Staff and became commander-in-chief of the First Squadron. In July 1913, he was appointed Counsellor on Naval Affairs to the President and on May 16, of the following year was given the office of Chief of the Naval Staff of the President. In March 1918, Admiral Lang was appointed the Commander- in chief of the Chinese Navy, succeeding Admiral Sah Cheng-ping. In October 1919 Admiral Lang was awarded the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho. In January 1920 he was awarded the Fourth Order of Merit. In July 1921 he was made a Chiangchun of the Chiangchun Fu or College of Marshals with the two word title Ching Wei. In June 1922 he was relieved by Admiral Tu Hsi-kuei of the post of Com- mander-in-chief of the Navy.
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444
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Lan Kung-wu
M <2f ® ^ iS *
Mr. Lan Kung-wu was born at Wu-kiang Hsien, Kiangsu Province, in 1886 and received his education at tlie Tokyo Imperial University, where he took a course in philosophy. Mr. Lan is a gi-eat admirer of Mr. Liang Chi-chiao, the liberal leader and writer. Upon his return to China, he took up journalistic work becoming editor of several leading papers at different timee. He was one of the editors of Justice of which Liang Chi-chiao was the founder as well the editor-in-chief. In 1913 Mr. Lan was elected Senator of the First Parliament. After the dissolution of the Parliament in January 1914, Mr. Lan went to Berlin to study. He remained there until 1915. Upon his return to Peking, he became chief editor of the Chinese department of the Peking Gazette and also editor of the magazine Ta Chung Hua, founded by Liang Chi-chiao. Mr. Lan played a very important part in the Yunnan Uprising against Yuan Shih-kai's monarchical movement. In March 1916 he accompanied Liang Chi-chiao to Kuangsi, which later declared independence, responding to the call of General Tsao Ao, the Hero
WHOS WHO IN CHINA 445
of the Yunnan Revolt. In June 1916 after the death of Yuan Shih-kai, the First Parliament was reconvoked and Mr. Lan became a Senator ag^ain. In June 1917 it was again dissolved and the following month witnessed Chang Hsun's attempt to restore the boy emperor. In September 1917, President Feng Kuo-chang ordered a Provisional Senate or National Council and in January 1918 it was formally inaugurated with Mr. Lan as one of the Senators. In March 1918 a mandate was issued for a new Parliament- based on newly amended Election Laws. In August 1918 the so called Anfu or "Tuchun's" Parliament was assembled. Mr. Lan was elected a member of the House of Representatives. However, he was present only at one meeting and then tendered his resignation. Subsequently Mr. Lan be- came President of the daily paper Kuo Ming Kung Pao in Peking. During the Anfu rule in Peking, this paper was considered the only paper that remained independent. It strongly supported the non-signing at the Paris. Conference, and the Students' Moveraent. It was also the first paper which introduced "modern thoughts" through" journalistic means. It was finally closed by the Anfu government in the autumn of 1920. After this Mr. Lan in cooperation with Liang Chi-chiao started the magazine called Re- organization. In June 1922 the First Parliament was for the second time revoked and Mr. Lan returned to Peking and became a Senator again. Mr. Lan is an important member of the Progressive Party. He is a brother- in-law of Mr. Hsu Fo-su. Mr. Lan was awarded the Third Class Chiaho in December 1919.
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446
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Ginarn Lao
9^ m St
(Lao Ching-an)
Mr. G-inarn Lao, a son of Mr. Lo King Kee was born at Shanghai in 1893, and was educated first in the Preparatory Department of the St. John's University and later was graduated from Nanyang College in 1913. In 1914 Mr. Lao went to America to study engineering and commerce at Lehigli and New York universities. He returned to China in the fall of 1918 and joined the Yangtse Trading Co., Hankow, and was sent back to America in 1919 as the representative of the company to make connections and to sell wood-oil for the firm. In 1920 he was appointed Secretary of the Chinese
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 447
delegation to the International Red Cross Conference held at Geneva, Switzerland. Upon returning from the Conference he was invited to join the Bark of Canton, Ltd., Hongkong, in its foreign department. In 1921 he was appointed by the Board of Directors of the bank to be the New York agent to open up an office in New York City, which is now located at. No. 1 Wall Street. While in New York he was also a director of the China Society of America. In the summer of 1922 he returned to China and was appointed secretary of the foreign department at the head office of the Bank of Canton. In 1923 he was transferred to the Shanghai Branch as accountant and assistant manager of the exchange department, which office he is still holding.
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448
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Lo King Kee
» ± m f- ^ ft
(Lao Nien-tsu)
Mr. Lo King Kee born at Canton in 1863, and educated at the High Commercial School of Canton. He came to Shanghai at the age of 15 and joined Messrs. Reiss & Co., a leading British firm. Soon he distinguished himself and rose rapidly through various departments until 1905 when he was appointed general corapradore and has become one of the leading
WHO^S WHO IN ACHIN 449
business men of China. He has been a member of the Committee of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce at Shanghai since 1911. He is at present the Superintendent of the Bank of Canton, Ltd., director and' treasurer of the China National Sugar Refining Co., Ltd., director of the Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Co., Ltd., and member of the committee of the Shanghai Fire & Marine Insurance Co., Ltd., The Sincere Co., Ltd, and M. Y. San & Co., Ltd. Mr. Lo King Kee is also an Advisor to the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce and was the Chinese delegate to the Interna- tional Red Cross Conference held at Geneva, Switzerland, in 1920. In addition he is a supporter of many schools, hospitals and other charitable institutions. In March 1923, he was conferred the Second-Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration.
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450
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Juwan Usang Ly
(Li Chao-huan)
n Usang Ly was born at Lysville, Nanhai Hsien, Kwangtung
S. He was educated both at home and abroad, having been
•xa Shu Yuan, a student at the New Youth School, Kweng-
ool, and the Liang-Kwang Academy for the preparation
abroad. He was the recipient of a partial Ching-hua
vangtung Provincial scholarship; attended the College
'ork and was graduated with the degree of B. C. S.
■)t New York. He attended Columbia University,
versity of Pensylvania, Massachusetts Agricultural
ihington Univei'sity. After finishing his education
\ment Research Fellow at the Library of Congress,
Dupont .National Bank, Washington, D. C. From
manager of the Industrial and Commercial Bank,
1922 he acted as chief of division on commerce
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 451
and industry of the Kwangtung Provincial Economic Research Bureau. He was also acting manager of the Chinese Merchants Bank, Ltd., Canton, in 1922-1923. Mr. Ly is author of the following books: Dr. Sun Yat-sen and China; The Question of the Hour; An Economic Interpretation of the In- crease of Bandits in China. He has also from time to time contributed various short articles to newspapers under pen names. He served as director of the Y. M. C. A. in Hongkong in 1921-1922 and is a life member of the Scienfce Society (China). He was also appointed a member of the Canton Municipality in 1921. Mr. Ly is now taking) a trip around the world representing the Chinese Merchants Bank.
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452
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Li Chiao-ao,
Mr. Li Chia-ao, was born at Shanghai in 1859. In his j'outh he studied Chinese in the typically classical school. iLater he secured a position in the Kiangnan Arsenal where he was highly esteemed by his superiors for his activities in ,the reform of the administration. In 1886 Mr. Li went to Russia to study by way of London. Upon his arrival at Petrograd he joined a high military school. On the completion of his education, he joined the Chinese legation in Russia in the capacity of an attache, and remained at his post for nine years. After a stay of more than ten years in Russia, he returned to China. On h's way back home he extensively travelled in East- ern and Western Siberia and visited the Russo-Chinese frontiexs. The whole voyage lasted 109 days, during which he studied the commercial conditions and the characters of the countries. As at that time the Trans- Siberia Railway had not yet been constructed, he had to travel part of the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 453
way by carriage and part by boat. On his return Mr. Li published a book entitled Memories on the Travel in Siberia. The book comprising two volumes was highly valued by His Excellency Li Hung-chang. Soon after its appearance, Mr. Li was appointed to take charge of foreign affairs in Tientsin. Later he became Taoyin of Pin Kiang in Kirin Province. Con- currently he held the position of Commissioner for Foreign Affairs for Harbin and Director of the Bureau of Foreign Affairs of the Kirin Railway. He remained there for three years and a half. Mr. Li was ' decorated by the Emperor Nicholas H with the second class order of Stanisals. In 1910 he accompanied Tai Hung-shih as Counsellor to Russia in connection with an important mission. During this visit to Russia he was given the Order of St. Ann, which was a high honor. After his resignation, more on account of health than for any other reason, he was engaged in business. He in- terested himself in gold mines. During that period he had nothing to do with politics. In 1918 he was again appointed Taoyin of Pin Kiang and concurrently held the other two posts as before. In December 1918 he was conferred the third class Paokuang Chiaho. In March 1919 he resigned these posts and returned to the Capital and was appointed a member of the Foreign Office. In August 1919 he was appointed a Member of the Commis- sion for the 'Examination of Diplomatic and Consular officials. In September when Liu Chin- j en, former Chinese Minister to Russia, was appointed Minister to Tokio, and had to resign from the office of High Commissioner to Siberia, Mr. Li was appointed his successor, and was also ordered to represent China at the board of the Trans-Siberian Railway. In August 1920 he was called back to Peking. In September 1921 he was appointed Acting Chief Justice of the Special High Court for the Eastern Provinces. In December 1921 he was conferred the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho. In March 1923 he was relieved of the Chief Justiceships. In October 1923 Mr. Li was appointed Chinese Envoy to Russia. In November 1923 he was given the rank of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.
454
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. T. M. Li
(Li Ch'ing-mao)
Dr. T. M. Li was born in Honolulu in 1884. He studied at Oahu College, Honolulu, between 1898 and 1902; and at St. John's University, Shanghai, between 1902 and 1907. He graduated in medicine at St. John's in 1907. Mr. Li went to the United States in June 1907, and for two years studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was awarded' a prize for clinical medicine and graduated with the degree of M. D. He returned to China in August 1909 and was engaged ,as a professor in the University Medical School at Canton, where he remained until 1913. During 1913-14 he was physician-in-charge of the Hunan Red Cross Hospital and associate physician of the Yale Hospital at Changsha. Dr. Li visited Am- erica in January 1915 and joined the Philadelphia Polyclinc Hospital and College for Graduates of Medicine where he graduated with a diploma in ophthalmology in 1915. Later he worked under Professor de Schwenitz,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 455
of the University of Pennsylvania for about a year. He returned to China in 1916 and became a member of the Red Cross Hospital and the Harvard out patient department staff, occupying this position for more than half year. In 1917 he went to Peking and joined the Union Medical Collage. He was in charge of the eye, ear, nose and throat departments for two years. In 1919 he was appointed associate professor in ophthalmology' of the college. Four years of service with the Union Medical College en- titled him to a vacation in America of one year and a half, during which time he did special research work under the widely known, eye specialisi;;, Dr. Verhoeff, Boston. Dr. Li was a member of China Medical Missionary Association between 1909 and 1914, and of National Medical Association of China in 1916. Dr. Li returned to China in 1923 and is at present 'work- ing in the Union Medical College, Peking.
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456
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Li Chuan-shih
^ « I* ^ m 4 (Li Ch'uan-shih)
Mr. Li Chuan-shih was born at Chinghai, Chekiang Province, in 1895, and received his elementary education in his native district. He was admitted to Tsing Hua College through the provincial competitive examina- tions and was graduated in 1918. While in school he was editor of the Tsing Hua Weekly and was president of the College Confucian Association. After graduation from Tsing Hua he went to America as a government
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 457
student and attended Beloit College, Beloit, Wis., from 1918 to 1920 taking the B. A. degree with honors. He then went to the University of Chicago where he received the M. A. degree in 1921 and the next year 'received the Ph. D. degree, his thesis being on the "Central and Local Financed 'Of China." After returning from America he joined the faculty of Fuh Tan University of Shanghai as professor of economics and commercial subjects. He was soon appointed dean of the School of Commerce and in 1924 was appointed dean of the Collegiate Department which position ha is still holding.
458
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. G. H. Li was born at Lunan, Honan Province in 1889. His trainng began in the Lunan Primary School and continued in the Lunan Middle School where he finished in the first class in 1905 and later g^rad- uated from Honan College in 1910 with high honors. His scholarship earned for him a trip to America where he entered the University of Michigan in 1913. He specialized in architecture, and was graduated with the B. S. A. degree in 1917. He then returned to China and engaged in educational and architectural work in his home province. On his return he was elected Principal of the Government Preparatory School at Kaifeng which he helped to make Buccessful and upon the basis of which has recently
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 459
been started the Chung Chow University of which he has the honor to be Dean. After holding this principalship two years he resigned to accept the headship of the Fu Chung College of Mines at Chao Chow, which position he held three years, resigning at the entreaty of President H. L. Chang and others to become Dean and architect for the building of Chung Chcfw University. Mr. Lee was assistant architect to Shattuck and Hussey at the laying of the foundations of the Peking Union Medical College in 1917-18, is President of the Honan Teachers Alliance and author of a plan to estab- lish an jndependent educational fund for the province of Honan. He has contributed several articles to leading magazines, one being a plan to re- construct China. Mr. Lee, besides being the Dean at Chung Chow University, is at present engaged in erecting several dormitories and an $80,000.00 Science Hall for that institution.
Jt
460
WHOS WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Li Su-mai
(Li Hsiu-mei)
Mr. Li Su-mai was born at Hangchow, Chskiang Province, in 1873. He was first taksn as one of the five Chinese Magistrates at the Inte^mationad Mixed Court and holds the position of second assistant magistrate. He is a well-known Chinese scholar. He studied law privately and practiced at his profession for several years before his appointment to the Mixed Court Bench in Shanghai. In recognition of his services in the post he has held this position for past six years. The Chinese government has conferred upon him several decorations, and has appointed him a District Magistrate in waifng. Mr. Li's name has also been registered with the Cabinet for further promotion.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
461
Mr. James Hsions Lee
(Li Ju-hsiung)
Mr. James Hsiong Lee is a native of Ningpo, Chekiang, and was born in 1891. His great grandfather, known as Bai Wha Shan Cheng, was one of the most famous Chinese poets and his elder brother, Z. Y. Lee, returned student from England, is the first aviator in China. In early years Mr. Lee received his education in an old school and won his high degree inj Chinese literature. He left school when he was quite young, and entered into business in Shanghai in 1912. Thereafter his time and energy have been mostly devoted to the development of commerce and industry. In 1915 Mr. Lee was appointed by the Board of Agriculture and Commerce as one of the Trade Commissioners tp the U. S. A., where he travelled over a great many large cities, attended the Panama Exhibition and visited various famous industrial plants. Mr. Lee has held many responsible posi-
462 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
tions, such as general manager of Kiangsi Land Investment Co., managing director of Wah Foo Commercial Bank of China, president of Wuhu City Telephone Plant, manager of Lee Bros. & Co., special inspector of the currency bureau for Shanghai, advisor to the Bureau of Enemy's Property and advisor to the Governor of Chekiang.. In 1919 Mr. Lee organized a Telephone plant in his native city of Ningpo. At the outset the number of subscribers was scarcely over two hundred, but it has now passed one. thousand. He also established the Tanang City Light plant. He is now the president of both plants and director of the Chartered Stock & Produce Exchange of Shanghai, the Polo Coal Mining Co. and the Union Bank of China. Besides his business activities, Mr. Lee is also connected with many social institutions, such as director of the Ningpo Guild, the Charitable Institute, is a member of the General Chamber of Commierce of Shanghai and the Association of Chapei and the World's • Chinese Students' Federa- tion. He is a .member of the Union Club. In 1920 Mr. Lee realized the necessity of forming an important establishment in order to promote the industrial and commercial enterprises in China. In pursuance of this object a company was organized the next spring, called the Foong Shen Industrial & Commercial Development Corporation, of which he was subsequently elected vice-president and assistant general manager.
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463
General Li Keng-yuan
General Li Keng-yuan was born at Teng-yueh Hsien, Yunnan province, in 1878. After acquiring an elementary military training in Yunnan, he was sent to Japan among the sixth group of Chinese militai'y students to study in the Japanese Military Cadets Academy. The course he took was in the infantry and he graduated from that institution. After his return to China, General Li became Director of the Military Lecture Hall of Yunnan and later was concurrently Councillor of the General Staff Office of the Yunnan forces. Upon the outbreak of the First Revolution in October 1911, General Li organized a Revolutionary Force with the students of the Military Lecture Hall and declared the independence of Yunnan. He was elected Vice Tutuh or Assistant Military Director. In 1913 General Li was elected a Member of the House of Representatives of the First National Parliament which was dissolved by Yuan Shih-kai in January 1914. In 1915 he joined the Yunnan Rebellion. During Yuan Shih-kai's monarchical movement. General Li secretly travelled between Japan, Hong-
464 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
kong and the South Sea Islands as representative of the Revolutionary forces. In March 1916 he took part in the organization of the headquarters of the Southern Expeditionary forces at the boundary between Kuangtung and Kuangsi. In July 1916 following the death of Yuan Shih-kai General Li was appointed Civil Governor of Shensi to succeed General Ch'en Shu- fan who had been hitherto acting in the capacity of Military Governor of that province. In October 1916 he was conferred the Third Order of Merit. In July 1917 he resigned from the Civil Governorajiip lof Shensi owing to. difference of opinion with General Ch'en Shu-fan. He was first taken prisoner by General Ch'en and, afterwards he effected his escape to Pek- ing.' During 1918 and 1919 General Li was connected with the Military government of the South in which General Tsen Chun-hsuan played a leading role. General Li has always been known as the clever advisor and right hand man of General Tsen. Thus he has been a prominent figure of the Chen Hsueh Hui, a political party, of which General Tsen is the leader. In June 1922 after the Chihli-Fengtien War when General Li Yuan-hung re-assumed the presidency. General Li Keng-yuan was a member of the parliament which reassembled in August 1922. In September 1922 he was appointed Director General of the Government Aeronautic Bureau. In October he was awarded the Second Class Wenfu and Yun-Wei Chiangchun, a member of the College of Marshals. In November 1922 General Li was appointed Acting Minister of Agriculture and Commerce. In January 1923 he was appointed Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, of which post he was relieved in September 1923.
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465
Marquis W. H. Li
(Li Kuo-chich)
Marquis W. H. Li, the eldest grandson of the celebrated statesman and soldier, Li Hung-chang, was born at He-Tei Hsien, Anhui, in 1881. He showed unusual public spirit, even when in childhood. In 1901 when his grandfather died, he took on the title of Marquis from the Ta Ching Dynasty out of respect to the late Prime Minister and was g^iven the post of As- sistant Chamberlain, commanding the Palace Guard. Later, where he established many workshops for the Manchu soldiers and apportioned lands for reclamation work in order to enable them to make their own livelihood without always depending upon the allowance given them by the govern- ment. Before completing his work, he was transferred, after serving for more than a year, to Peking to become the senior councillor of the Board of Agriculture, Works and Commerce. In this capacity, the Marquis draft- ed a set of regulations for the promotion of the mining industry as well as a memorandum planning for the establishment of a constitutional
466
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governnment. The memorandum calls for the promulgation of administra- tive rules governing schools in order to develop a type of students fitted for public service, of a system of army organization in order to unify the military defense of the nation, of police regulations for the protection of the communities and for a reliable census and of a press law in order to assist the work of the newspapers. His suggestions failed to go through the proper channels. When the baby emperor, Hsuan Tung, ascended the throne, the tottering government was unable to adopt any constructive measure while wily mandarins did everything to realise their own ambi- tion. Tuan Fang, the Viceroy at Nanking, being suspicious of the marquis, memorialised the throne with several alleged charges against him but the latter's straightforwardness and honesty was never shaken. In the follow- ing year 1910, Marquis Li was sent ta Belgium as the Chinese Ambassador to Brussels where he gained much popularity for the picturesque way in which he moved about and (the rigid order he had given to his embassy to use everything Chinese. Mr. Li's collection of Chinese articles and decorations still stand in the Chinese Leg'ation in Brussels today and form the center of attraction of Belgians who visit their capital. During the revolution of 1911, the financial allowance for students abroad was practically all discontinued. But those in Belgium enjoyed the usual monetary aid, because Marquis Li had advanced out of his own pocket sums amounting to over $100,000 to relieve the stringency. The students in England, Germany, France and Austria were practically penniless and created much unpleasantness with the several legations. But the Brussels Legation was exempt from this trouble, thanks to the effort of the Marquis. Many of these students in Belgium have now returned and are ''holding high offices in the government. In December 1912 Mr. Wang Kuang-chi was appointed to succeed Marquis Li as Minister to Belgium. In 1913 he returned to China. In May 1914 he was appointed by President Yuan Shih-kai a Member of the Advis3ry Council which was abolished in June 1916 after the death of the founders. Ever since that time he has bean living in retirement in Shanghai. However, he still takes an intensive interest in the China Merchants' Steam Naivgation Co., which was estab- lished by his grandfather and of which he is now the chairman of the board of directors. Marquis Li is connected with a large number of big industrial enterprises.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
467
Mr. K. C. Li
(Li Kuo-ching)
Mr. K. C. Li was born at Changsha, Hunan in September 1892. After receiving his earlier education in local schools, he entered the Hunan Technical Institute, taking up the study of mining. Finishing thexourse of this institution, he entered the Royal School of Mines, London, graduating from that college with the degree of Mining-Engineer. Upon his return to
468 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
China, Mr. Li became actively associated with the mining industry in Hunan, occupying the positions of secretary of the Hunan Mining Board, president of the Kiangwah Government Tin Mines, president of the Hsiao Ku San Government Mines, and co-director of the Hunan Mining Board. During this time, he was sent as a mining commissioner of the government to Europe. With the formation of the Wah Chang Mining and Smelting Company, Ltd., as an institution for international trade, Mr. Li was appointed vice-president and New York manager of the corporation. The later development of the Wah Chang Trading Corporation, the largest Chinese owned and directed import and export firm in the nation, brought the ap- pointment of Mr. Li as president and manager director. Mr. Li has been a resident of New York since his appointment, making frequent trips to China and to other nations t)f the world in connection with the business of his firms. He is the representative in New York of the Chinese Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. As a director and vice-president of the China Society of America, he has become one of the best known Chinese business men in the United States, both commercially and socially. For meritorius service rendered to the Republic of China, Mr. Li received the fourth class Chia Ho decoration from the president in May 1920. He is also well known in the nation as a mathematician and has written books of trigonometry, algebra and calculus in Chinese which are used in native schools as text books. He received four honors during his college career and is widely known as a student of Chinese literature.-' During the European war, Mr. Li was active for both the American and Canadian governments in obtaining war materials from China and South America. He has received letters of appreciation and congratulation from the authorities of the various Allied governments. Mr. Li is a member of the Lawyer's Club, and the Old Colonial Club of New York, and also of the committee of the New York Metal Exchange, the New York Credit Associa- tion and the American Institute of Mining Engineers. He is married and has two children.
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469
f
Mr. Li Kuo-yun was born at He-Fei Hsien, Anhui Province, in 1878, and is a grnad nephew of Li Hung-chang and the second son of former Premier Li Ching-hsi., Mr. Li became a Provincial School Graduate in 1902 and in the following year was recommended by the Governor of An- hui Province for the official examinations which be passed. In the Chirig regime he held the following positions; Director of the Lu Chow Middle School, Anhui; president of the Educational Association of the District of He Fei Hsien; president of the Chamber of Commerce of Lu Chow; Vice- Speaker of the Provincial Advisory Council of Anhui; Member of the Im-
470 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
perial Advisory Council, Peking. In December 1912 Mr. Li was appointed Chief of the Financial Bureau of Anhui Province and in September 1913 was transferred to be Chief of the Internal Affairs Bureau of the Province of Anhui. From November 1913 to March 1914 Mr. Li was concurrently Chief of the Financial Bureau of Anhui and Chief of the National Revenue Preparation Bureati. In May 1914 he was (appointed Civil Governor of Kuangtung which position he held until July 1915 when he was transferred to be Civil Governor of Kuangsi. But he did not take up this position and resigned soon afterwards. In July 1915 Mr. Li was appointed Councillor or Member of the National Advisory Council, founded by Yuan Shih-kai after the dissolution of the Old Parliament. This Council was abolished in June 1916 following the death of its founder. In September 1920 Mr. Li was appointed Director General of the Bureau of Economic Research. In- vestigation which position he is still holding, Mr. Li was awarded the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho in January 1921; the First Class Tashou in October 1922; and First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho in March 1923.
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471
Mr« Li Mau-chi
(Li Mac-chih)
Mr. Li Mau-chi was born at Canton in 1883. His father was familiarly- known in the commercial circles of Hongkong as "Miilllonaire Lee". Mr. Li was educated in private schools, specializing in Chinese literature, and later received an English education in Hongkong. During the first Revolu- tion of 1911 Mr. Li was a Councillor of the Military Governor of Kuangtung Province. When the Provisional government was established at Nanking with Dr. Sun Yat-sen as President he was given the post of secretary of of the "White House" at Nanking., In 1913 he was elected as a senator from the province of Kwangtung to the first Parliament. When the Parlia- ment was dissolved in January 1914 Mr. Li went to Shanghai where he cooperated with Ex-Premier Tang Shao-yi in the formation of the Gold Star Life Insurance Company, being a director of this company at present. At the same time he in cooperation with Mr. Ku Chung-shin founded the
472 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
"Ching I" magazine. The old Parliament was reconvoked in June 1916 and Mr. Li retur^ned to Peking and took his seat in the Senate. In June 1917 the Parliament was again dissolved and he returned to his home city of Canton and helped to establish , the military government there and to call the extraordinary parliament. During the years of 1918 and 1919 he served as salt commissioner for Kwangtung and Kwangsi Provinces. When General Chen Chung-ming reentered Canton in 1920, Mr. Li was appointed Special Commissioner of Finance, also taking charge of the Kwangtung Treasury, holding this position until November. The old Parliament was for the second time reconvoked in June 1922. Mr. Li became a Senator again. Mr. Li is the founder of the Public of Canton and is also the chief auditor of the Provincial Bank of Kwangtung. He was conferred the Second Class Chiaho in October 1922 and First Class Tashou Chiaho in April 1923.
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473
Mr, Li Ming
Mr. Li Ming is a native of Shaoshing, Chekiang, and was born in 1889. In early years he received his education in a middle sqhool at i Shaoshing and the Wayland Academy, Hangchow. Being anxious to obtain a higher education, he went to Japan and pursued his studies in the Yamaguchi Commercial College. After seven years in Japan, he returned to China just before the outbreak of the revolution and served the Chekiang provincial
474 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
government as financial advisor to the Commissioner of Finance. Later on he joined the Shanghai office of the Chekiang Bank as manager aiid under his hand this institution underwent severe re-orgatiiz-ttion, being, renamed the Chekiang Industrial Bank, Ltd. He introduced and directed its business along modern commercial banking lines instead of in semi- official nature. Since then it has been built up on .modern business lines. He encouraged public savings by opening a Savings Bank Department along purely Western 'lines and participated in financing imports and ex- ports by opening the Foreign Exchange Department in the Shanghai office of the Bank. Due to his work the Bank's capital was increased to $2,000,- 000, and the interest of the Chekiang provincial government was bought overat a premium of about 70 0/0 to make the bank a purely private institu- tion. At the same time he acquired and built a permanent and commodious home to house the ever increasing activities of the bank and removed its head office from Hangchow to its present location in Shanghai at the corner of Hankow and Kiangse Roads, known as the Chekiang Industrial Bank building. In the c ourse of more than thirteen years in Shanghai his time and energy have mostly been devoted to the development of banking as well as commerce a'nd industry. He is one of the prominent figures in banking pircles in China and is one of the founders of the Shanghai Chinese Bankers Association. He is now director and general managger of The Chekiang Industrial Bank, Ltd., director of The Bank of China, The Bank of Communications, and also the Shanghai Commercial and Savings Bank, Ltd., which last institution he in company with K. P. Chen, its director and general manager, with one or two others helped to promote. Mr. Li is purely self-made, good natured, kind hearted, generous, self-confident, full of energy, and with alwa,ys a keen eye in business and financial matters. He has given much of his time for public service and education and was decorated by the Chinese government in 1921 with the third Order of Chiaho for meritorious public service.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
4751
Mr. Li Sheng-to
Mr. Li Sheng-to, was born at Kiukiang, Kiangsi. In 1860 in 1890 he successfully passed the Metropolitan examination becaming a Metropolitan graduate. Subsequently he joined the Hanlin Academy. In 1895 he was ap- pointed Chinese Minister to Japan where he stayed for two years.. Upon his return to China he was made Governor of the Metropolitan District. In 1905 he was one of the five ministers sent abroad to study the constitutional forms of government. In that year he traveled extensively in Japan, Europe and America. In 1906 he was Chinese Minister to Belgium and returned in 1909. After the first revolution in 1911, he was appointeid advisor to President Yuan Shih-kai. On June 29, 1917 he was appointed Acting Minister of ■ Agriculture and Commerce and concurrently Director General of the National Conservancy Bureau, On July 17, 1917, he re-
476 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
signed on account of General Chang Hsun's monarchical movement, but he was appointed President of the Board of Agriculture of the short lived monarchy. In 1918, when the new Parliament was organized, Mr. Li was elected Speaker of the Senate. It was this Parliament which elected Hsu Shih-Ch'ang president. Mr. Li was conferred the First Class Tashun Chiaho in May 1919 and the First Class Tashun Paokuang Chiaho in October 1919. The new Parliament was dissolved in 1920 after the down- fall of the Sufu Club resulting from the Chihli Anfu war. Ever since that time Mr. Li has been living in retirement at Tientsin.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
477
Mr. Li Shih-wei "^ "I j
Mr. Li Shih-wei was born at Yungpinghsien, Chihli in 1895. In 1901 he was sent by the Chihli government to Japan to pursue a higher educa- tion. He graduated at Waseda University in 1906, and in the same year returned to China. His official rank in the late Manchu regime was that of industrial Taotai. After his return to Chihli he was appointed a secretary to the Viceroy of Pei-yang. Later he became superintendent of the Pei- yang Normal School. After some time he became assistant director of the Bureau of Education for the whole of Chihli, and was concurrently appointed to be in charge of the preparation for the self-government of the province, and assisted in the organization of the bureau for the preparation of the estlablisliment of a legislative council. He was a member of the Nanyang Industrial Promotion Association, and Director-General of the Ching Shing Mining Company for many years and is a director of the Chee Hsin Cement
478 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Company, of the Peking Water Works, of the Hua Hsin Spinning and Weaving Company, and of the Tung Wei Industrial Company. He is also chairman of the Board of Directors of the United Association of Mining Industries; Assistant Director General of the Chinese Industrial Bank; general manager of the Chinese-Japanese Industrial Company. He has been high advisor to the President, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. After the establishment of the Republic in 1912, he was made a member of an advisory bureau in the President's Office. In 1913 he was appointed mining adviser to the Ministry of Agri- culture and Commerce. In May 1914 he became a member of the Tsang- chengyuan or Legislative Council in place of Parliament. In April 1915 he resigned in order to become Governor of the Bank of China: In April 1916 he was relieved from the governorship of the Bank.
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479
General Li Shu-cheng
General Li Shu-ch'eng was born at Ch'ien-chiang Hsien, Hnpei Province, in 1873 and vfa& a salaried licentiate or Linsheng in the Ching' Dynasty. He received a middle school education in the Ching-H.'sin Institute of Learning in Hupei. Later he was sent by Viceory Chang Chih-tung to Japan to obtain a higher education. He first studied in normal college then joined the Military Cadets Academy where he graduated in November 1908. While in Japan General Li became a member of the Tung Ming Hui, the revolutionary organization headed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Owing to his intimate relation with Dr. Sun he became a prominent figure with the Tung Ming Hui. Upon his return to China in 1909, General Li was appointed Director of the Military Academy attached to the headquarters of the Kuangsi Army. Subsequently he was transferred to Peking where he received the appoiintment as a Member of the Chun Tzu Fu which is equi- valent to the General Staff of the present day. In the autumn of 1911 General Li went south to join the revolution. After the outbreak of the
480 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
first revolution in October 1911, he became Chief Staff Officer to General Huang Hsing, Commander-in-Chief of Hanyang Defence. In January 1912 Dr. Sun Yat-sen was elected Provisional President in Nanking and General Li .accepted the secretaryship to the President. From March to May 1912, General Li was Chief of Staff to General Huang Hsing the Administrator protem in Nanking. After Yuan Shih-kai assumed the presidency in Pek- ing, General Li was made Lieutenant General and subsequently appointed Deputy Chief of the Military Affairs Bureau in the President's office. In 1914 General Li went to America accompanying Huang Hsing. He returned to China in 1916 and at once became Military Advisor to President 'Li Yuan-hung. In 1917 the Southern Leaders formed a new government in Canton to defend the Provisional Constitution. Many of the southwestern provinces joined in this movement ani General Li firsb served as Director- General for the Defence of Western Hunan and concurrently Commander- in-Chief of the First Constitutional Army of Hupei. In 1919 General Li was appointed by the Canton Militray Government Director-General of the Alien Subjects Repatriation Bureau. In December 1920 the Peking govern- ment made General Li a Chiangchun of the College of Marshals.' In July 1922 he was appointed Advisor to President Li Yuan-hung. In September 1922 he became a Councillor of the Cabinet which '.position he is still hold- ing. In October 1922 he was awarded the Second Order of Wenfu.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
481
Dr. Shun-CKing Lee
^ US ® ^ #^ g
Dr. Shun-Ching Lee was born in Shantung Province in 1895 and received his early education in Tsingtau. He graduated from the Uni- versity of Nanking, in 1919 with the B. S. degree and passed the Tsing- Hua fellowship examination and was sent to the U. S. A. in August 1919. Arriving in America he entered the graduate school of Yale University specializing in forestry and got the M. F. degree in 1921. After gradua- tion he was transferred to the University of Chicago and specialised in botany. In 1922 he was elected a member of the Sigma Xi Society-. He received the Ph. D. degree with honor from the University of Chicago in 1923. He was appointed as head of the Department of Biology of the Peking National Normal University, Peking, which position he is still hold- ing.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Li Shih-hou
(Li Szu-hao)
Mr. Li Shih-hou, was born at Ningpo in 1880. In his youth he was well known, throughout his native Province of Chekiang, for his literary attainments and high scholarship. Being successful in the government examinations, he obtained the literary degree of Chu Jen or M. A. when he was only twenty -two years old. In 1905 Mr. Li went to Peking. Soon after his arrival in the capital he was appointed a second class Junior Secretary of the Board of Revenues. In 1908 he was made a member of the Department of Taxation and concurrently held the post of the Resident Director of the Statistical Bureau of the Board of Finance which was pre-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 483
viously called the Board of Revenues. At the end of 1908, Mr. Li was promoted to be a Second Class Member of the Department of Taxation. In the summer of the following year he was appointed to the post , of the Assistant Director-General of the Statistical Bureau. At the end of 1909 he received an additional post as the First Class Deputy of the Direcotrate- General of the Salt Administration. In 1910 Mr. Li became the Chief of the Department of Taxation. In 1911 Mr. Li received the concurrent post of the Chief Auditor of the Financial Re-organization Bureau. After the establishment of the Republic in 1912, Mr. Li was appointed Junior Secretary of the Ministry of Finance; in January 1913, a member of the National Taxation Preparation Bureau; and in September, Chief of the Salt Department of the same Bureau. In January 1914, Mr. Li was awarded the Fourth Class Chia Ho Decoration. In the same year he was recommended by the then Minister of Finance to the post of the Sectional Chief of the Salt Administration. The following year he was given the rank of Chung" Ta Fu and also the Third Class Chiaho Decoration. In April 1916, a President Rescript was issued ordering that his name be recorded in the Cabinet, then known as Cheng Shih Tang, under the rank of Salt Trans- portation Commissioner. In May 1916 he received the appointment nominally as Acting Vice-Minister of Finance and substantially as Chief of the Salt Administration and also Chief Chinese Inspector of the Salt Gabelle. Later he was given the Second Class Tashou Chia Ho Decoration. In April 1917 a Presidential Mandate was issued appointing him to take charge of the Ministry of Finance. In June he was concurrently appointed the Director- General of the Bank of China. In August of the same year he was made full Vice-Minister of Finance, holding the concurrent posts of the Chief of the Salt Administration and Chief Inspector of the Salt Gabelle. Two months later he was given the Second Class Wen Hu Decoration, thei first military order ever awarded to Mr. Li. In November he was again ordered to take charge of the Ministry of Finance. Jiist about one year after- ward, he was awarded the Second Class Tashou Paokwan Chia Ho Decor- ation. In January 1919, he was relieved from the post of the Salt Administration ; btut shortly afterwards he was again ordered to take charge of the Ministry of Finance. In June he was specially appointed Director- General of the Currency Reform Bureau; and in September, was ordered to be in charge of the Ministry of Finance. In October he became the recipient of the First Class Tashou Chia Ho Decoration. In December 1919, Mr. LI was appointed Minister of Finance and became Director- General of the Salt Administration at the same time. The other concur- rent but responsible position which Mr. Li then held simultaneously was the Director-General of the Currency Reform Bureau to which post he was appointed only one week after he had been appointed the Minister of Fin- ance. In July 1920 Mr. Li was relieved of all the positions which he had been hitherto holding. He was involved in the Chihli-Anfu war. He lived in the Legation Quarter for two years and was pardoned In 1923 by President Li Yuan-hung.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. T. H. Lee
(Li Teng-hui)
Dr. T. H. Lee was born in Batavia, Java, in 1872. His native home being Tungan Hsien, near Amoy, Fukien Province, China. In his early childhood he received his preliminary education under Dutch auspices. At the age of fourteen he began his English education in the Anglo-Chinese School under the auspices of the M. E. Mission where he cam:^ under Christian influence. At the age of nineteen Dr. Lee went to the United States and entered Ohio Wesleyan University of which Bishop J. W. Baeh- ford was then president. In 1897 he went to Yale University and was graduated in June 1899. Dr. Lee returned to the Straits Settlements as a teacher in the Anglo-Chinese School, but left in 1901 to found an English School in Batavia in connection with the Reform Movement of Mr. K'ang Yu-wei. Dr. Lee arrived in Shanghai in 1905 and in August of the same year promoted the World Chinese Students' Federation of which he served as chairman for a period of ten years. He also helped in the establish- ment of the Fuh-Tan University of which he was first Dean and later
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 485
became the president. This position he is still holding. Dr. Lee was chief-editor of the Republican Advocate in 1912-1913 and at the same time held the position "ot editorship in the English Department of the Chung Hwa Book Company. He was elected an Honorary Member of the Chung Hwa Guild of Batavia in 1906; I*'ellow of the American Geographical Society in 1915; honorary president of the Huai River Conservancy in 1922; and was awarded the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Letters by St. John's University, Shanghai,in 1919. Dr. Lee took an active part in the students' movement of 1918, and during the Peace Conference at Versailles, he pro- moted the League of public organizations which he served as provisional chairman to protest against the Treaty affecting Chinese rights and oppose the placing of China's signature on the pact. During the Washington Con- ference Dr. Lee became chairman of the People's National Diplomatic Federation representing 180 organizations from different parts of the coun- try. Besides being President of Fuh Tan University, Dr. Lee is also holding a number of honorary positions: chairman of the Shanghai Chinese Y. M. C. A., vice-chairman of the National Committee of the Y. M. C. A., chair- man of the Over-seas Chinese Association, vice-chairman of the World Chinese Students Federation, director of the Pan-Pacific Union, director of the Tsinan Institute, director of the Shih-pei Public School, Director of the Christian Educational Association of China, vice-chairman of the East China Association of Christian Colleges and Universities, director of Amoy University, and member of the educational commission of the Shanghai Municipal CounciL
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WHO*S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Li T'ien-Iu
Dr. Li Tien-lu was born in 1886 ^and received hia edHioation at tihe Peking Methodist University from which institution he was graduated in 1908 with the B. A. degree. From 1908 to 1913 Dr. Li served as instruc- tor in English in his alma mater and then went to America for his advanced educational work. Dr. Li received the degree of M. A. from Vanderbilt University in 1914 and the Ph. D. degree from the same institution in 1916. He attended sessions of the Washington Conference as secretary to the Chinese Delegation. From 1922 to 1923 Dr. Li served as president of the Peking Academy and since that time has been dean of the School of Arts of Shantung Christian University, Tsinanfu. Dr. Li is the author of Congressional Policy in Reapest to Chinese Immigration, which was published in America. In 1922 he was awarded the Fourth Class Chia-ho decoration by the Chinese government in consideration of his services at the Washington Conference.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
487
Admiral Li Ting-hsin
Admiral Li Ting-hsin, was born at Min Hou Hsien, Fukien, in 1861. He studied at ithe Navigation College at Ma Kiang, where he subsequently graduated. Then he was sent by the government to England. After a stay of six years he graduated from the Greenwich Naval College. After his graduation he joined the British fleet cruising to North America and Western India, and received much training during the voyage. Upon his return to China he was appointed lieutenant and assigiied to the cruiser Ting Yuan for service. Later he was promoted to the rank of captain, and transferred to the cruiser Hai Chiu. Subsequently he was made Assistant Commander of the Shanhaikwan Patrol Squadron. In the last days of the Manchu regime he was chief of the martial law department of the Ministry of Navy. After the establishment of the Republic his promotion became more rapid. He was appointed councillor of the Ministry of Navy on Sep- tember 5, 1912. Two months later he became Chief of Naval General Staff. On August 20, 1913, he was created Admiral (brevet), and was appointed
488 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. During the second revolution, he was in charge of the defence of the Kiangnan Arsenal against the attack of the revolutionary force headed by Chen Chi-mei. In the revolution of 1915, he was deprived of the rank but retained office on account of the loss of the crusier Chao Ho to the anti-government force. After the death of the late President Yuan Shih-kai in the summer of 1916 he became Com- mander-in-chief of the First fleet. On December of 1917 he was relieved of active service and appointed Yao Wei Chiang Chun. He became con- currently adviser to the President and the Cabinet. In January 1920 Admiral Li was conferred the Second Class Wenfu and also the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho. In March 1921 Admiral Li was .appointed Minister of the Navy. In October he was made Full Admiral. In December 1921 -the Cabinet underwent a change and Admiral Li remained in the navy post. In June 1922 Admiral Li became Acting Minister of the Navy following a cabinet change. Another change of cabinet in August 1922 did not affect his post. In September 1922 he was awarded the First Class Wenfu, In September 1922 he remained intact through a cabinet change. In October 1922 he was conferred the Second Order of Merit. In November 1922 Admiral Li underwent another Cabinet change. In January 1923 Admiral Li was appointed Minister of the Navy. In Jantory 1924 he was again appointed Minister of the Navy when *Sun Pao-chi became Prime Minister.
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WHO'S Who in china
4^9
Mr. Lee Tsung-ching
mmm^jE m
(Li Wei-ch'ing)
Mr. Lee Tsung-ching was born at Ningpo, Chekiang province, in 1878. He wad graduated from the Anglo-Chinese College, Shanghai, specializing in a commerical line. In 1892 he began his business career as a shipping clerk in a native business firm at Shanghai. In 1895, when the commerical navigation between Soochow and Hangchow had just been started, he was employed as customs clerk of the Soochow-Hangchow Inland Navigation Company. A year later he joined the Shanghai office of Carlowitz & Co. as cashier. In 1897 Mr. Lee went to Tientsin and joined the firm of Gipperich & Co. His position being a general clerk. In 1903 he started his first in- dependent business as compradore of the Sieroessen & Co., Tientsin. This position he held until 1905 when he was invited to join the Shanghai office of Gipperich & Co., becoming the principal assistant of E. Gipperich, the general manager of that firm. Mr. Lee ■ returned to Tientsin in 1908, and accepted the compradoreship of Rousseau & Co., then a leading French firm. In 1910 in partnership with L. 0. McGowan promoted the China
490 WHOS WHO IN CHINA
American Trading Co., with head office at Tientsin. Mr. Lee was the Chinese- manager of that newly established firm. At the same time he ac- cepted the compradoreship of the Fearon, Daniel & Co., holding this con- current post for three years. In 1918, during the time of repatriation of enemy subjects in China, Mr. Lee was entrusted with the work of establishing the Tientsin office of the San Peh Steam Navigation Co., by Yu Ya-ching, the founder of this company, who has been for m»iny years one of the com-merical leaders in Shanghai. Very soon the branch office was founded at Tientsin, occupying the wharves formerly belonging to Hambury Steam- ship Co. Ever since its establ'shment, this company under the managership of Mr. Lee, has been playing an important part in the China sea coast navigation service. In the spring of 1921, Mr. Lee accepted another con- current post as manager of the Tientsin office of the Industrial Development Bank of China. In 1923, owing to the pressure of work in the San Peh Steam Navigation Co., he resigned from both (the China-American Trading Co., and the Industrial Development Bank. In September 1924 he rejoined the China-American Trading Co. Mr. Lee is one of the pioneer southern merchants at Tientsin, and has served for ten years as a director of the Chekiang Provincial Guild, Tientsin. He is also one of the founders of tho Chekiang School of Tientsin. Mr. Lee's present address is No. 153 Parkes Road, Tientsin.
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491
Mr. William Yinson Lee
^ 7C fi (Li Yuan-hsin)
Mr. William Yinaon Lee of Brewer Manufacturing Cremists, wholesale druggists and merchants, was born at Sydney, N. S. W. Australia, in 1884. He was the eldest son of the later W. R. G. Lee, well-known merchant of Sydney, Hongkong and Heungshan City (Canton), Kwangtung, and received his English and Chinese education under private tutors in Australia and Hongkong. He came to China in 1903 and joined Johnson, Stokss & Master, a leading legal firm in Hongkong and* became closely assiociated with the late Sir Boshan Wei Yuk, K. C. M. G. and the late Sir Hormuejee Mody,
492 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Kt. In 1909, as representative of an influential group of Hongkong mer- chants, Mr. Yinson accompanied Admiral Li Tsun upon a visit and survey of Yulinkan, Hainan Island (the southernmost point in China, at that time proposed as a naval base), also visiting and surveying the Paracels, a group of islands lying between Hainan and the Philippines. He spent from 1910 to 1922 in commercial pursuits in Australia, Hongkong and Canton, located principaly in Sydney, N. S. W., but paying frequent visit to China. Mr. Yinson Lee is a vigorous writer and was a frequent Ciontributor to the leading press of Australia in the defence of Chinese matters. During the war, he was instrumental in securing the sanction of the Commonwealth government, the State government of New South Wales and the Municipal Council of Sydney for the inclusion of the Chinese flag among those of the principal allied nations when officially displayed, which example was followed by the general public in the principal cities, the Chinese in Aus- tralia greatly appreciating the recognition. He is a life governor of Royal Prince Alfred Hospital the principal hospital in Sydney; and is one of the two Chinese members of the Sydney Chamber of Commerce, a prominent member of the Millions Club of New South Wales and the Masonic Club of Sydney, a Mason holding the highest degrees in the New South Wales, Scottish and American Constitution and a Shriner of Aleppo Temple, Boston, Mass. He holds the distinction of being the youngest Mason ever initiated in Australia, being only 18 years and 3 months old when 'he receiv'ed his initiation by special dispensation of the M. W. Grandmaster for New South Wales, Admiral Sir Harry Rawson, State Governor. Mr. Yinson Lee made a tour of the South Sea Islands, Australia, Europe and America in 1922-3 securing business connections and came to China to open the China Branch of Brewer & Co. Inc. of Worcester, Mass., of which he is co-director, in January 1924. He is a charter member and president of the Y Men's Club of Shanghai, affiliated with the International Association of Y Men's Clubs. Toledo 0. Mr. Yinson Lee possesses a unique collection of rare procelain and ancient Chinese coins.
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493
General Li Yuan-hung
494 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Genpral Li Yuan-hung was born at Huang-pi Hsien, Hupei Province, in October 1864. He studied at the Peiyang Naval College, Tientsin, where he graduated in 1888 after having undergone a course of six years. Sub- sequently General Li served on a crusier during the Sino-Japanese War, 1894-95, and the late Admiral Chen Pi-kuang was his chief at that time. After the War he was engaged in service at Nanking by Viceroy Chang Chih-tung. During h's stay at Nanking he was in charge of the reco,n- struction of the Nanking Fort and Commander of the Nanking Fortification. Upon the transfer of Chang Chih-tung to Wuchang to become the Viceroy of Hu-Kuang Provinces, General Li accompanied him thither. There he in co-operation with many German military officers assisted in the organization and training of the modern troops called Tzu Chiang Chun. In 1897 Gen- eral Li was sent to Japan to study he military organization and educational conditions of that country. This trip lasted about a year. In 1899 he went to Japan again and .served in the Imperial Metropolitan Troop Divi- sions. Upon his return to China in 1898, General Li became a major in the cavalry and subsequently held several commands, including that of the 21st Brigade. In 1902 General Li was sent to Japan to witness the Imperial Manoeuvers. In 1903 he was appointed Commander of the Four Infantry Regiments for the protection of the Provincial Capital of Hupei. In 1904 he became Commander of the Second Imperial Army Division sta- tioned at Hupei Province. Concurrently General Li then held several other positions such as Commander of the Yangtze Fleet, co-director of the Hupei Military College, director of the Hupei Arsenals and director of Wu Chung College. In the autumn of 1906 he was appointed Commanding Officer of the 8th Imperial Army Division which participated in the Changteh Manoeuvres. Upon the outbreak of the First Revolution on October 10, 1911, General Li was forced to accept the comn^and of the revolutionary forces thus becoming the Tutu of Hupei. He direcbed their oparations against the imperial army. In January 1912 a Provisional government was formed in Nanking. Dr. Sun Yat-sen and General Li Yuan-hunng were elected President and Vice-President of the Republic respectively. General Li was mainly instrumental in arranging for the Shanghai Peace Conference which resulted in the abdication of the Manchus and the establishment of the Republic of China. On February 15, 1912 Yuan Shih-kai was elected Provisional President to succeed Dr. Sun Yat-sen. General Li remained as Vice-President. He was appointed to be concurrently Chief of the Gen- eral Staff and Military Governor of Hupei, with his headquarters at Wuchang. General Li was made a Full General in September 1912. In June 1913 he was appointed to hold concurrently the post of Tutu or Military Governor of Kiangsi upon the dismissal of General Li Lieh-chun, a Kuo-" mingtang member from the Tutuship in connection with the Second Itevolution. General Li resigned from the Tutuship of Kiangsi in September 1913. In October 1913 the First Parliament elected Yuan Shih-kai and Li Yuan-hung the First President and the First Vice-President of the Republic respectively. In December 1913 General Li was relieved from the Tutuship of Hupei. He went to Peking in the same month tc assume the office of Chief of the General Staffs. In January 1914 Yuan Shih-kai dissolved the First Parliament. In May 1914 the National Advis-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 495
ory Council was organized with Li Yuan-hung as its President. In January 1916 Yuan Shih-kai declared himself Emperor of China. He made General Li Yuan-hung a Prince with the special title in two words "Wu I". As an expression of his unwillingness to serve Yuan as a monarch, General Li confined himself to his private residence in Peking until the death of Yuan, which occurred in June 1916. Upon the death of Yuan Shih-kai, General Li became President of China according to the constitutions. Feng Kuo-chang became Vice-President. The Old Parliament was reconvoked. The Advisory Council was dissolved. Tuan Chi-jui became Prime Minister. Then the conflict between the President's Office and the Cabinet starbed. On the May 23, President Li issued a Mandate dismissing Tuan Chi- jui as Prime Mjnistar and appointing Dr. Wu Tin^-fang Act-fig. Premier; Chang Shih-yu, Acting Minister of War; and General Wang Shih-chen, Commander of the Precautionary Forces in Peking and Tientsin. Marshal Tuan went to Tientsin. On May 29, 1917, Li Ching-hsi was appointed Premier. General Ni Tzu-chung, then Civil Governor of Anhui who was a strong supporter of Tuan Chi-jui, declared independence and detained the cars on the Tientsin- Pukow Railway mobo- lizing his troops. On the 30th Chang Tso-lin, then Tuchun of Fengtie-n, declared independence which was immediately responded to by Shantung, Fukien, Chekiang, Honan, Shansi, Chihli. Shensi, Heilungkiang, and Shang- hai. On the 31st May Tong Hua-lung, Speaker of the House, resigned. On June 1st 1917, General Chang Hsun. then Tuchun of Anhui sent out a cir- cular telegram advocating the restoration of monarch and the reitirement of the President. On the 2nd he sent to President Li another telegram volunteering his own service to mediate between the President and the Military Leaders and suggesting the dissolution of the Parliament as the condition for the withdrawal of troops by the military leaders. On June 5, the Tuchuns' Group established their headquarters at Tientsin with the object to put up a provisional government there. On the 6th Wang Chia-hsiang, President of the Senate tendered his resignation. On the 7th General Chang Hsun mobilized hi^ troops northward and demanded the immediate dissolution of Parliament. Dr. Wu Ting-fang, the Acting Premier, declined to counter-sign the Mandate ordering' the demanded dis- solution of the Parliament and resigned. General Chiang Chiao-chung, then Commander of the Gendamerie was appointed to act as Premier and he countersigned the mandate which was issued on June 13. On June 14 Chang Hsun's troops entered Peking. On July 1, Chang Hsun restored the Manchu Emperor to the throne. General Chang's coup d'etat did not last long and he was driven into the Dutch Leg'ation for tetnge. "The Republic was re-established by Marshal Tuan. But General Li refused to resume his office as President of China, and he was succeeded by General Feng Kuo-chang. After the restoration of the Republic, ' he stayed for a time in Peking, but later went to Tientsin to live. During his retirement in Tientsin, General Li took great interest in industrial and mining enter- prises in the country. His name has been found among the list of im- portant shareholders of the various big industrial and mining corporations. In June 1922 General Li was prevailed upon to re-assume the Presidency.,
496 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
after the flight of Hsu Shih-chang, President elected by the so called Tuchun's Parliament. On the eve of leaving Tientsin for the Capital, he issued a flaming denunciation of the Tuchun System and his consent to resume the Presidency was only secured after he had received the assurances from the Northern military leaders, particularly General Wu Pei-fu, that they would support him in the policies of destroying the Tuchunate, bringing about the disbandment of superfluous troops and restoring t' he rule of law. Im- mediately after his assuming office, General Li convoked the Old Parlia- ment and dissolved the Tuchuns' Parliament. He remained in his office just about one year during which time he Avag not able to exercise his power nor to carry out his wishes. The pledges of the military leaders to support his policies did not forthcome. In June 1923, a cam- paign was waged in Peking to oust President Li who finally abandoned what was obviously a hopeless struggle and left for Tientsin. Shortly afterwards, he proceeded to Shanghai and then went to Japan. He re- mained in that country until May 1924 when he returned to Tientsin again.
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497
Mr. Liang Chi-ch'ao
Liang Hu-hao
Mr. Liang Chi-chiao was born at Hsing-hui Hsien, Kuangtung Province, in 1869. He studied under Kang Yu-wei at the latter's private school called Wan Mu Tsao Tang and has become the most prominent of Kang's pupils. Mr. Liang became a Provincial Graduate in 1889. The combination of the two names Kang and Liang is generally known in China to mean the central figures of the reform movement which was responsible for the famous reform decrees of 1898. Proceeding the reform movement, Mr. Liang started the first Chinese daily newspaper in Peking. It was a small leaflet containing only an editorial which was given away gratuitously. The reform decrees of 1898 was inspired by Kang and Liang who laid the plot to prevent the Empress Dowager from actively interfering in politics.
498
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
This plot was finally reported to the Empress Dowager secretly by Yuan. Shih-kai who was prompted to do so through fear of losing his own power should Kang's party become predominant. A coup d'etat was established by Empress Dowager. The reform leaders were proscribed. Six of them were arrested and decapitated. Both Kang and Liang, however, escaped from being arrested and fled to Japan. There they organized the Pao Huang Tang or Party supporting Emperor Kuang Hsu. It advocated a limited monarchy in preference to a Republic thus becoming greatly op- posed to the Revolutionary Party headed by Sun Yat-sen and Huang Hsin. While in Japan, Mr. Liang edited several powerful papers among which may be mentioned Ching I Pao, Hsin Ming Chung Pao, Political Opinion, Kuo Feng Pao, and Hsin Wen Magazine. During his exile, Mr. Liang also visited America, England and Europe, and through such visits learned much of social and political conditions abroad about which he informed his fel- low-countrymen through his writings. Mr. Liang returned to China after the revolution of 1911, which resulted in the establishment of the present Republic. Soon after his return he started a daily paper in Tientsin advo- cating the spread of political education and the diffusion of general knowledge among the Chinese. Mr. Liang was appointed Vice-Minister of Justice in Yuan Shih-kai's first Cabinet, but he refused to accept the office. Then he founded and tedited the Yung Yen Pao ("Justice"), a bi-monthl,y periodical at Tientsin. Ever since his return to China, Mr. Liang had been working to organize a big political party to oppose the Kuo Ming Tang, headed by Sun Yat-sen and Huang Hsin, which was then the majority party in the Parliament. His success came in May 1913 when the three existing parties, the Republican Party, the Democratic Party and the Unionists Party, were amalgamated to become the Chin Pu Tung or Progressive Party and he himself became a leader of it. In September 1913 he was appointed Minister of Justice in Hsiung Hsi-ling's Cabi-net of first-class men. This office he accepted. He resigned in February 1914, and was appointed Head of the Currency Bureau, which was afterwards incorporated in the Ministry of Finance in December of 1914, after his resignation from the Bureau. Liang Chi-chiao rendered signal service to the country between 1914 and 1915 through his powerful writings denounc- ing Japan's ambition as was shown in the Twenty-One Demands she present- ed. Toward the end of 1915, he opposed Yuan Shih-kai's imperialistic movement. He fled from' Tientsin to Yunnan where he enlisted the support of his pupli. General Tsai Ao. The third revolution consequently commenced. It resulted in the collapse of the imperialistic movement and the restoration of the Republic in June 1916. In the spring of 1917 the question as to whether China should join the European war on the side of the Allies arose. Mr. Liang was called to Peking by General Tuan Chi-jui, who was then Prime Min- ister, for consultation. Largely upon the advice of Mr. Liang, the Tuan Cabinet decided in favor of joining the war. In July 1917, General Chang Hsun launched forth the monarchical movement to set the little Manchu Emperor on the Throne again. Mr. Liang played an important part as an adviser to General Tuan Chi-jui in overthrowing the movement. Upon the second restoration of the Republc, he was appointed Minister of Finance,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 499
and also director general of the Salt Administration. In December the Tuan Cabinet was overthrown, and Mr. Liang retired at the same time. Mr. Liang visited Paris during the Peace Conference. He arrived in London in February 1919 and returned to China at the beginning of 1920. He was advisor to Mr. Lu Cheng-hsiang, Chief Delegate of the Chinese Delegittion. In 1923 Mr. Liang was elected a member of the P. E. N. Cluh, the International Writers' Club founded by John Galsworthy in October 1921. During the past two years Mr. Liang has -been traveling in the different provinces and giving lectures in several high institutions of learn- ing. He has considerable influence over the literary people in China on account of his forcible pen.
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Mr. Liang Hu-hao
m to «^ ^ S ^
(Better known as M. T. Liang)
Mr. M. T. Liang was born in Tang Chia, Kuangtung Province, in 1860. He was one of the earliest Chinese students sent to America where he arrived in 1874. He studied engineering at the Steven's Institute of Technology, and returned to China in 1881. Mr. Liang served for many years with the Shanhaikwan Railway first as a junior and finally as manag- ing director. In April 1906, he was appointed Taolai of the Fengtien- Chihchow-Shanhaikwan circuit. In April 1907 he was appointed Customs Taotai of Tientsin In October of the same year he was appointed Shang- hai Taotai. In March 1908 Mr. Liang was appointed Councillor of the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 501
Board of Foreign Affairs and four months later was made the Chief Sec- retary to the Viceroy of the Three Eastern Provinces. In June 1909, he was recalled to Peking. He was offered the post of Vice-Miinister of Communications in Yuan Shih-kai's Cabinet of November 16, 1911, but he did not accept. He was nominated for the post of Minister of Com- munications in the first Republican Cabinet, but the nomination was rejected by Parliament. In September 1912 Mr. Liang was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs which position he held only for two months. Since that time he has resided in Tientsin. During 1920 and 1921, he assisted in the organization and was elected president of the North China International Society of Famine Relief. He has been and is still the president of the China International Famine Relief Commission. In November 1921, he was appointed High Advisor to the Chinese Delegation to the Washington Con- ference and accompanied it to America. In April 1922, Mr. Liang was appointed Director-General of the Bureau for the Rendition of Weihaiwei. In that capacity he has been successfully negotiating with the British delegates on the question of the return to China of this port, Mr. Liang has received the First Class Taahou Chiaho Decoration.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Liang Lang-hsun
Mr. Liang Lang-hsun, was born at Samshui, Kwangtung, in 1880. He attended Queen's College when young and was an Expectant Taotai of the Tsing Dynasty. Mr. Liang was an instructor in Tientsin University in its early days. After leaving the university faculty, Mr. Liang served for a time as secretary of the Canton-Hankow Railroad. Among the offices he has occupied daring his official career were the Assistant Commission for Foreign Affairs in the office of the Viceroy of Liang Kwang, Coramia- sioner for Foreign Affairs in Pakhoi, Consul-General at Sydney, collector of likin at Hohao, and held various posts in the Peking Ministry of Finance. For his service to the government he has been awarded many decorations and orders, including the Second Order of Execllent Crops. Mr. Liang has been Superintendent of Customs and Commissioner for Foreign Affairs in Canton.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
503
Mr. Liang Shih-i
Mr. Liang Shih-i was born at San-shui Hsien, Kuangtung Province, in 1860. He became a Metropolitan Graduate in 1894 and was subsequently given the rank of ministerial senior secretary. In 1899 Mr. Liang was specially recommended to the Manchu Throne by Chang Chih-tung, then Viceroy of Hu-Kuangj to attend the examination for men of unusual talents. He passed it, coming out at the top of the list, thus gaining for himself a nation-wide reputation. In 1906 Mr. Liang was appointed Sec- retary to Tang Shao-i who was sent to ( India on a special government mission. In 1907, upon Tang's return to Peking, Mr. Liang became Chief of the Railway Department of the Board of Communications. Shortly after- wards he was ordered to hold concurreutly the post of the Chief of the
504 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Postal Departments. The other important posts Mr. Liang held under the Ching regime were those of assistant director of the Bank of Communica- tions, Proctor of the Bureau for the Preparation of Constitutional govern- ment, and Director General of the Imperial Railways. In July 1909 Mr. Liang was promoted to be Senior Councillor of the Board, but he did n^t resign from his other posts until February 1911. Following the outbreak of the First Revolution in October 1911, the Manchu government recalled Yuan Shih-kai from his retirement in Honan and appointed him Prime Minister. In this Cabinet Mr. Liang was the vice-president of the Board of Communications. In December 1911, he was made acting director of the Imperial Chinese Posts. In January 1912 he was ordered to act for the President of the Board until March 1912 when Tang Shao-i was appointed the first Prime Minister of the Retpublican government. Upon being elected President of the Republic in February 1912, Yuan Shih-kai ap- pointed Mr. Liang Chief Secretary of the President's Office. From May to September in 1913, while still retaining his position of Chief Secretary, he was Acting Vice-Minlster of Finance. As Vice-Minister he acted for the Minister twice. After the dissolution of the Parliament by Yuan Shih-kai in January 1914, the Council of State as a legislature was founded. In May 1914, when the Council was convoked, Mr. Liang was appointed a member of it. On the same day he was appointed Director General of Customs Administration. Subsequently he received another post as Director General of the Bureau of Taxes. All these positions he held until June 1916. Mr. Liang played an important part in the movement of Yuan Shih-kai in 1915 to make himself Emperor of China. The movement collapsed in June 1916. In July 1917 President Li Yuan-hung who had succeeded Yuan Shih-kai issued a mandate ordering the arrest of eight high officials including Mr. Liang who had figured prominently in the mon- archical movement. Mr. Liang went to Hongkong and retired from public life. In the winter of 1917 Mr. Liang visited Japan where he stayed for some time and made connections with influential financiers and statesmen in that country for the industrial developments of China. In February 1918 he was pardoned by a Mandate. Soon after his return from Japan, he waa invited to Peking. When Mr. Liang first came to Peking he was full of views of the South. As General Hsu Shu-tsen, Prime Minister Tuan's right hand man, was against the opening of peace negotiations with the south, Mr. Liang was obliged to remain silent. In the, spring of 1918 the Anfu Club- came into existence. Of this club Mr. Liang was one of the promoters. It was active during the election of the members for the new Parliament which was convoked in August 1918 and of which Mr. Liang was elected Speaker of the Senate. This position he resigned after a few months. In March 1920 Mr. Liang was appointed Dierctor-General of the Domestic Loan Administration. In September 1921 he was awarded the First Class Tas- hou Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. In December 1921, Mr. Liang became Prime Minister, under the influence of Marshal Chang Tso-lin. On January 5, 1922 Marshal Wu Pei-fu, waged a telegraphic campaign against the Peking government accusing Mr. Liang of having cabled instructions to the Chinese Delegation to the Washington Conference to drop the Shantung
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 505
negotiations with the Japanese Delegation so that the Shantung question might be disposed of to Japan's satisfaction in Peking. In spite of several refutations made by Mr. Liang, the officials of Kiangsu, Kiangsi, Hupei, Shantung, Honan and Shensi, on January 19, 1922 jointly demanded the dismissal of Mr. Liang, threatening to break connection with Peking should the demands be neglected. On the 25th Mr. Liang left Peking. After the Chihli-Fengtien War which took place near Peking in May 1922 and resulted in the defeat of Fengtien. Mr. Liang became a political refugee in south. Mr. Liang made an extensive trip to Europe and America during the first part of 1922 and returned to China in the summer of this year. He is at present residing at Hongkong.
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Dr. Sze-chen Liao,
(Liao Shih-ch'ang)
Dr. Sze-chen Liao, professor of Educational Psychology, National Southeastern University, and director of the University Middle School, was born in Rating, Kiangsu province, on June 14, 1893. After his graduation from Nanyang College Middle School, he entered Tsing Hua College at Peking. He was sent abroad by the latter institution in 1915. Then he joined Brown University as a sophomore where he received his Ph. B. and M. A. degrees. In the meantime he went to New York and studied at Teachers College, Columbia University, for three summer sessions consecutively. In 1918 he was elected to Sigma Xi and was awarded the James Manning Scholarship for "distinguished excellence in college studies." In 1919 he came back to China, working at his thesis, while he was teach- ing in the Higher Normal School at Nanking. In 1920 he received his Ph. D. degree from Brown University. Since then he has spent most of his time in doing experimental work in secondary education. The books he
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 5o7
has written are as follows: Principles of Secondary Education (Commerical Press), Educational Psychology (Tsung Hua Book Co.), Middle School Ed- ucation in China, Bulletins on Chinese Education, 1923 (Commercial Press), and Group Intelligence Tests (Commercial Press). Besides, he has trans- lated Colvin and Bagley's Human Behavior (Tsung Hua Book Co.). He is editor of Secondary Education magazine, and Chairman of the Secondary Education Committee organized by the Chinese National Association for the Advancement of Education.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Lin Chang-ming.
W fft W ^ :8« m
Mr. Lin Chang-ming was born at Ming Hon Hsien, Fukien in 1876. When he was a boy, he studied Chinese literature in a typical Confucian- school. He commenced to study the English language in 1900. The sub- jects of foreign politics and law interested him very much. Mr. Lin went to Japan to study in 1902, and entered the Waseda University where he spec- ialized in political science and economics. He studied in Japan for seven years. He returned to China in 1909 when there was a national move- ment for constitutiional government, and when the Advising Council in Peking and provincial assemblies in the provinces had been established. Upon his arrival at his native province, Mr. Lin was made Chief Secretary of the Fukien Provincial Assembly. Shortly afterwards he became a con- trolling factor in the assembly and organized a political party. Owing to the conflict of old and new ideas, Mr. Lin was opposed strongly by the conservative members of Fukien gentry and had bo leave his native
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 509
place. When the first revolution broke out in 1911, he was at Shanghai. The new situation afforded to him an opportunity to show his politcal leiadership. He travelled between Shanghai, Hangchow, Soochow and Nanking, in his efforts to persuade the governors and generals to combine their influence and organize a provisional government and declare inde- pendence of Peking. All the telegrams and declarations issued by the Provisional government during that period were drafted by him. After joining in the revolutionary movement, Fukien requested Mr. Lin to be its representative, and in that capacity, he took part in the conference of the provincial delegates held in Nanking to consider the question of breaking, away from the Manchu government. Mr. Lin proposed that the election of the President to direct the provisional government should not be postponed until after the union of North and South, and for this proposal became the object of attack to his political opponents. While he was seeing a friend of his off at the Nanking Railway station, two bullets from a would- be assassin for him missed him. It was subsequently learned that the would-be assassin was in possession of a secret order from the Shanghai Taotai alleging that Mr. Lin was a traitor. The would-be assassin was arrested but released the next day on account of the exertion of highe,r influence. After the reunion of North and South, Mr. Lin was appointed Chief Secretary of the Provisional Parliament. At the same time he promoted the Republican Constitutional Society which later became the Republican Party. In 1913 he was elected a member of the Lower House and appointed by the Speaker its Chief Secretary. Upon the amalgamation of the Re- publican Party with other parties and the creation of a new political party called the Chin Pu Tang or Progressive Party, he was elected the chief of the political section of that party. In 1914 Mr. Lin was appointed Coun- sellor to the State Department. In 1916 he was given the position of Chief of the Law Bureau, but he refused to accept the appointment. At the time when the German submarine policy aroused the indignation of Minister of Justice. The new Cabinet at once declared war against Germany and Australia. General Tuan resigned in April of 1919. He persuaded Vice-President Feng to urge the government to break off diplomatic relations with Germany, but the opinion held by various high officials was then divided. Finally General Tuan Chi-jui, Prime Minister was dismissed on account of his war policy, following which General Chang Hsun attempted to restore the Manchu Emperor to the Throne and President Li Yuan-hung fled. After the restoration of the Republic by General Tuan, Mr. Lin joined his Cabinet in the capacity of Minister of Justice. The new Cabinet at once declared war against Ger- many and Australia. General Tuan resigned in April of 1918, and Mr. Lin also resigned- After his retirement, Mr. Lin travelled in Japan. Upon the declaration of the armistice in Europe, the President sent Mr. Liang Chi-chiao to Europe as an official envoy upon his suggestion. In January 1920 he was awarded the Fourth Order of Merit. At that time Mr. Lin was a member of the Diplomatic Commission. When the news of China's failure at the Paris Peace Conference reached Peking, he wrote many articles and made a number of speeches against Japan, and strongly con-
510 WHOS WHO IN CHINA
demned her for trying to inherit the former German rights in Shantung. He lost favor with the government and was suspected by the Japanese as a leader of the anti-Japanese party. Mr. Lin left for Europe and America with his daughter to study foreign conditions in March 1920. He return- ed to China in 1923. Immediately he joined the Parliament and took part in the drafting of the Constitution. Following the election of Marshal Tsao Kun to the Presidency. Mr. Lin deserted the Peking government and to- gether with a number of other M. P's. he went to Shanghai to devise means to fight against the absolute rule of militants.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
sn
Arthur F. Lym
^ Wt yt
Lin Fu-yuan
Captain Arthur F. Lym, second in command of the Canton Aviation Corps, was born in San Francisco, U. S. A., in 1891. Aside from occupying an important post in the Army of Canton Captain Lym has also entered into active business and is now doing well as an import and export insurance agent. He is now starting a school to train chauffers for the growing motor car trade in which he has taken the lead. Captain Lym is the first Chinese to graduate from the well-known Curtis Aviation School of Buffalo, N. Y., receiving his diploma 1913. He is now the holder of International Pilot License No. 245. While in America he flew over many cities and won many trophies for record flights. Captain Lym arrived in China 1914 and gave some demonstrations in Swatow and Canton soon after his arrival. The authorities in these two ports rewarded him specially
512
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
for his fluccesa in showing the local inhabitants the possibilrty of other Chinese learning the science of aviation. In 1915, the Military Governor of Kwangtung commissioned Captain Lym to invade the bandit strongholds in the island of Hainan. He finished the job well. To promote local aviation Captain Lym has organized an Aero Club in Canton. He is now chairman of a flourishing club of more then twenty members. Captain Lym is very popular socially in Canton. He is the head of the Sun Tinge Club and treasurer of the European-American Returned Students' Association, two of the leading organizations of college men and foreign educated Chinese.
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513
Mr. V. Fong Lam
¥^± :» 'P ±-^
(Lin Yun-fang)
Mr. V. Fong Lam, was born in 1891 in Canton, where he received his preliminary education. In 1909 he went to America to further his studies first in a preparatory school in Brooklyn, New York, and two years lat«r in Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Here he took up the special five years course in Naval Construction, a course similarly offered in the same Institute to the graduates of the Annapolis Naval Academy. After his graduation from the Institute, Mr. Lam worked for three years in The New London Ship and Engine Co. and the New York Shipbuilding Co. in many minor positions in order to supplement the theoretical training with the practical experience he was then gaining. At the end of 1919 Mr. Lam returned to China. Prior to his return he realized that the time for the development of the shipbuilding industry in China had not arrived,
514 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
whereupon he organized the Lam, Glines and Co., Inc. Mr. Glines, who is Mr. Lam's partner, is one of the executives of the well-known American engineering firm of Stone and Webster. The formation of the largest ship- yard in the world, the Hog Island Shipyard, was in great measure due to the efforts of Mr. Glines. He is now serving as Chairman of the Advisory Board of Secretary Hoover's Far Eastern Commerce Committee. Although Lam, Glines and Co., Inc. is now engaged as contractor, architect, and trader yet the object to which Mr, Lara will ultimately direct his Company's efforts is the development of industries in China. Mr. Lam has under him a staff of young Chinese engineers who are graduates of American Colleges and who will no doubt live up to what is expected of them. Besides being head of his own firm Mr. Lam is also serving as director of the Eristern Hide and Leather Co. He is a member of the Rotary Club as well as be- longing to other learned societies and was at one time associate member of the Institute of Naval Architects of Londen, and the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers of America.
.je
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
515
Mr. Chi-chun Lin
Jt K ll^ (Ling Ch'i-chun)
Mr. Chi-Chun Lin was born at Shanghai, in 1897. He attended Tsing Hua College, Peking, in 1911, and in 1913-16. He then went to America where he attended Iowa State College, 1916-17; Ohio State University 1917- 19, from which he was graduated with honor, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Ceramic Engineering. He was the first Chinese student to study ceramics, realizing the importance of developing the ceramic indu- stries in China. While in America Mr. Lin acted as assistant ceramist of the Mosiac Tile Company, Zanesville, Ohio, 1919-20, and research ceramic engineer of the General Electric Company, Schenectady, N. Y. He is the author of several technical papers on high fire proselain and procelain high tension insulators which were published in the Journal of the American Ceramic Society; he is an active member of the same society. Mr. Lin after returning to China in the spring of 1921 investigated the pottery industries at Ishun and Kingteh-cheng under the auspices of the Chinese
516 WHO'S WHO IN ACHIN
General Chamber of Commerce, Shanghai. He made personal visits to some ten different provinces in China, investigating clay mining, brick and tile manufacture, glass and enamel making and other ceramic industries. Mr. Lin has acted as engineer of the Ta Hu Cement Company, Wusih. He was one of the founders and is now acting as engineer of the National Pottery Company, Shanghai, the first modern pottery using machinery and scientific methods in making all kinds of porcelain and pottery ware in China. Mr. Lin is a member of the Sigma Xi honorary fraternity, the Chinese Society of Chemical Industries, Committee on Geological Survey, and the Provincial Bureau of Education and Industry, Kiangsu. His business address is National Pottery Co., 96 Szechuen Road, Shanghai. His residence address is 43C Yu Yuen Road, Shanghai.
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517
Dr. Ling Ping
Dr. Ling Ping was born in Ku Shih Hsien, Honan, July 1894. He received his primary education at home and college education at Nankai College graduating in 1912. In 1913, Dr. Ling went to America and entered Stanford University where he graduated in 1916 with the degree of B. A. While studying in that university, he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, the academic honor society. In the autumn of 1916, Dr. Ling entered Teacher's College of Columbia University to do research work in pedagogical psychology. He was graduated from Columbia in 1917 with the degree of Master of Pedagogy. From 1917 to 1919 Dr. Ling continued his studies at Clark University, doing further research work in pedagogical psychology. The degree of Ph. D. was conferred upon him on the comple-
518 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
tion of this work. In the autumn of 1919, Dr. Ling returned to China and became dean of Nankai University until the autumn of 1922 he was a-p- pointed Commissioner of Education of Honan, his native province. He did not remain long in this position, however, but soon reLiurned to Nankai where he resumed the position of the Dean of the Universitjy Deimrtment. He is the author of many published works among which are: Feeble Mindedness and Heredity. Public Schools and the War, and Outline of Psychology of the Children, the latter being in Chinese published by the Commercial Press, Shanghai.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
519
Mr. D. Y. Lii
(Ling Tao*yang)
Mr. Lin was born at Pao-an Hsien, Kuangtung province, in 1888 and received his early education at St. Jolin's University, Shanghai, graduating in 1909. In the fail of 1909 Mr. Lin went to America and ia 1912 was graduated from the Massachusetts Agricultural College with the degree of B. Sc. in agriculture. Then he took post graduate work in foresty at the Yale Forest School, Yale University, and obtained the degree of M. F. in 1914. In the summer of 1914 he investigated the German forestry service. He returned to China in the fall of 1915 and was appointed Lecturer on
520 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Conservation in the National Y. M. C. A. in 1915. In 1917 he became Technical Secretary to the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, Peking. In the fall of 1917 he accepted the professorship on forestry in the Uni- versity of Nanking. In April 1919, Mr. Lin became Commissioner of Forestry for Shantung and concurrently forester in the Ministry of Com- munications on railway forestry matters, and adviser to the Shantung Civil Governor. Later he served as expert on agricultural and forestry matters at the Shantung Negotiations in Peking, in the fall of 1922. Since March 1923 Mr. Lin has been Director of the Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry, Tsingtao, and concurrently special secretary for general affairs for the Tsingtao government. Mr. Lin is the author of the following publications: Elements of Forestry— 1915; Manual of Forestry— 1916 ; The Chinese Wood Oil, Camphor, Etc.— 1917; Forests and Chihli Flood— 1918; Rela- tion of Forests to Floods and Droughts— 1919 ; Some Features of Chinese Agriculture — 1922. The Elements of Forestry and Manual of Forestry, published by the Commercial Press, are popular text books used in the agricultural schools and colleges of China. Mr. Lin's address is Bureau of Agricultural and Forestry, Tsingtao, China.
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General Liu Chao
General Liu Chao was born at Wu Ohio Hsien, Chihli province, in 1887. He was a Provincial Graduate in the Ching Dynasty. He studied law in Japan and graduated with the degree of LL.B. General Liu began his official career as a Junior Secretary of the Board of the Interior; and has held the following positions: Member of the Chihli Provincial Assembly;
522 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Sectional Chief of the Inspectorate General of the Military Forces; Chief of Administrative Department of the Suiyuan Special Area; Chief of Civil Administration Department of the Kuei-Sui Area; Chief of Judicial Depart- ment of the Kuei-Sui Area; Chief Secretary to the Tuchun of Kiangsi Province; Chief Justice of the Kiangsi Military Court; Advisor to the Cabinet; Member of the Commission for the Consolidation of Domestic and Foreign Loans; Superintendent of the Sino-Norwegian Bank; and . Chief Justice of the Martial Court under the Ministry of War, which latter posi- tion he still holds. General Liu is a Major-General and he has received the Second Class Tashou Chiaho and the Second Class Wenfu.
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WHO^S WHO IN CHINA
^n
General Liu Chen-hua
SiJ ^ ip ^ g ffi
General Liu Chen-hua was born at Kung Hsien, Honan province, in 1883, and was a Shiu-tsai or licentiate being graduated from the Peking Law College. General Liu took an active part in the First Revolution, having under his command a brigade of soldiers stationed at the boundary between Shensi and Honan. After the establishment of the Republic, Yuan Shih-kai took great interest in General Liu and had his troops re-organized under the name of Chen Sung Chun. These troops were very soon engaged in suppressing the bandits which were then thickly infesting the province of Honan. In 1913 General Liu was made a Major General and in 1914 was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General. Subsequently he was granted the Third Order of Merit. In 1917 General Liu with his troops was sent to Shensi to maintain order which had been disturbed by banditry. He was still commanding officer of the Chen Sung Chun. In October 1920 General Liu was granted the First Class Wenfu and in December 1920 the Second Class Tashou Chiaho. In March 1922 he was given the brevet rank
524 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
of full General. In May 1922 he was appointed to act concurrently as Military Governor of Shensi. General Liu carried out this mission to the satisfaction of the Central government, which appointed him Civil Governor. In 1922 he was given the brevet rank of a full General. In May 1922 he was appointed to act concurrently as Military Governor of Shensi. In July 1922 he was made "Fou-Wei Chiangchun," a member of the College of Marshals. In October 1922, he was granted the First Class Tashou Pao- kiiang Chiaho, and in December 1923 he was made a Full General. General Liu is still the Civil Governor and the Acting Military Governor of Shensi.
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525
Mr. Liu Chen-hua
Mr. Liu Chen-hua was born at Wanhsien, Chihli Province, in 1890. He entered the Yu Teh School, Paoting, from which he graduated in 1912. Aiter a year and a half spent in the Peking Government University he was one of eight students who won four-year scholarships to the Hongkong University. He entered as a Freshman the Mechanical Engineering Department in 1914. Four years later he was graduated with the degree of B. S. C. His notes and papers were sent for the inspection of the London University authorities, who pronounced them of the highest excellence.
526 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Hongkong University also forwarded records of his work to the National Board of Education in Peking. He entered the Yu Teh School, Paoting, from which he graduated in 1912. Mr. Liu went to Tientsin in 1918, to be- come Professor of Prime Movers and Machine Designs. At Yu Teh he remained three years, giving special courses in workshop appliances and other technical branches and organized the Yu Teh Iron Works as a departi- ment of the school. About one hundred students were sent to France as a Board of Education in Peking. During his stay in Paoting he also found time to invent two irrigating machines which later were awarded certificates of honor by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, and the Chihli Provincial Exhibition of Engineering Products, held in Tientsin. In 1921 Mr. Liu accepted the Chair of Physics, Farm Motors and Farm Machinery in the newly established Hopei University at Paoting, and later assumed the Presidency of Peiyang University in Tientsin, which he holds at the present time. Mri. Liu has been an untiring worker with the pen. He has written in Chinese the following books which have been published in Shanghai by the Commercial Press. Applied Mechanics (now in its third edition), Steam Engines, and Internal Combustion Engines. He is the author of a textbook on physics for university classes, which will soon be published, and he is at present engaged in preparing a volume entitled Farm Motors and Farm Machinery.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
527
Mr. Liu Chih-chou
Mr. Liu Chih-chou was born at Feng-hsiang Hsien, Shensi Province, in 1883. He was graduated from the School of Science at Shanghai. Subsequentlj'- he taught in the Middle School of his native district for three years. Upon the outbreak of the First Revolution in October 1911, Mr. Lia organized a volunteer corp in his district and declared the independ- ence of Feng Hsiang and the adjacent districts in defiance of the Manchu authority. In 1912, the first year of the Republic, Mr. Liu was elected a member of the Shensi Provincial Assembly. At the same time he taught in the Shensi Academy, Sianfu. In 1913 Mr. Liu was elected a Member of the Lower House of the First Parliament which was convoked in Peking in
528 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
April 1913 and dissolved by Yuan Shih-kai in January 1914. From April 1914 to the spring of 1916 Mr. Liu was connected with the National Oil Administration as field manager of the prospecting party digging wells in the northern region of Shensi. From August 1916, when the First Parlia- ment was reconvoked after the death of Yuan Shih-kai; to June 1917 when it was again dissolved, Mr, Liu was in Peking occupying his seat in Parliament. Subsequent to the second dissolution of Parliament, he went in company with large numbers of M. P. s first to Shang^hai and then to Canton where in August 1917 the Extraordinary Parliament was convoked. Mr, Liu remained with the Southern government, holding various positions in the administrative offices in addition to being a member of the Extraordinary Parliament, until the end of 1920 when the Cheng Hsueh Hui faction lost their power in Canton, Mr. Liu Was then a member -of that faction. Subsequently Mr. Liu went to Shensi and very soon joined General Wu Pei-fu's camp at Loyang as a Counsellor, lie was taken into high confidence by General Wu and he rendered valuable service in the latter's campaign against Fengtien in the summer of 1922. The- First Parliament was reconvoked in July 1922, and Mr. Liu returned to the Lower House again. In December 1922 he was appointed Vice-Minister of A<;.riculture and Commerce. In February 1923 he was .given a concur- rent post as President of the Commission for the Drafting of Laws govern- ing industry and commerce. In March 1923 Mr. Liu was awarded the Second Class Wenfu Decoration 'and was given another concurrenti position as Member of the Commission for the Study of Mongolian Questions. In July 1923 he was relieved of the Vice-Miniatership, Since that time he has been living in Tientsin,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
529
Mr. Liu Chin
fii ^ *^ ii H
(Hsisan C. Liu)
Mr. Hsisait C. Liu, secretary and engineer-in-charge of the Technical Department of the Szechuan-Hankow Railway, and Deputy of the Yangtze River Commission in Hankow, is a native of Wusih, born in Shanghai in 1885. He received the early part of his education in the Anglo-Chineee
530 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
College at Shanghai, and later joined the Shanhaikwan Railway College in North China as a igovernment student, and graduated from that college in 1900. Just .then the Boxer trouble arose which made his position on the Tientsin- Shanhaikwan Railway insecure. Thereupon Mr. Liu joined the Weihaiwei Regiment under British Officers as Cadet and Interpreter. Upon the reduction of troops in the fall of 1902, Mr. Liu left the Regiment with the rank of Military Sergeant. On account of his military training under British Officers, he was engaged in 1903 by the Paotingfu University as Military Drill Instructor, which he later resigned to be Assistant Police Superintendent under Captain William W. Quincey in the organization of a modern police force composed of Chinese and Sikhs in the Commercial Port of Tsinanf u, Shantung Province. In recognition of his meritorious services rendered while in Tsinanfu, he was awarded the Commission of Major and was transferred to Tientsin as Aide-de-Camp to the Viceroy of Chihli, H. E. Yang Shih-hsiang. Liu also had a title as sub-prefect which was awarded him by the Imperial Manchu government for services rendered in rescuing lives and property from merchant ships off the Shantung Coast. In 1908 Mr. Liu was engineer in charge of the Lotung Railway, First Section, and acting locomotive engineer of the Lunghai Railway. Then the Siems- Carey Canal and Railway Co. of America projected two railways in the interior of China, one from Hankow to Chengtu in Szschuan Province and the other from Chuchow, Hunan, to Chinchow in Kwangtung Province in South China. On these projected lines preliminary work began, and Mr. Liu soon became the surveying engineer of the Chow-chikow-Hsiangyang section of the Hankow- Chengtu line, called Chow-Hsiang Railway. No sooner had the work started than unsucces.gful negotiations with the Chinese government made the Siems-Carey plans fall through, and 1917 found Mr. Liu in Hankow as Secretary of the Szechuan-Hankow Railway, which posi- tion he still holds. Aside from his railway work, Mr. Liu is also Councillor to General Wu Pei-fu. He is in possession of a British War Medal awarded him by the British government in 1900. With the Association of Chinese and American Engineers, he is corresponding secretary in Hankow. In the recently proposed Door- of -Hope for helpless Chinese girls, in Hankow, he was elected honorary secretary. In addition he is a member of the now board of managers of the Hankow Y. M. C. A. When Lenox Simpson started the Far Eastern Times in Peking in 1923 Mr. Liu was appointed agent and correspondent of the Times in Hankow.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
531
Mr. Liu Ching-jen,
Mr. Liu Ching-jen was born at Paosanhsien, Kiangsu, in 1868. He first joined the sshool of Languag'e at the Arsenal in Shanghai, and was after- wards transferred to the College of Tung Wen Kwan in Peking, where he graduated in 1893. After his 'graduation he was sent to London as a
S32 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
student interpreter to the Chinese Legation. From London he was, transferred to the Legation in Paris. In 1896 Mr. Liu left Paris and was employed in the Three Eastern Provinces, where he was entrusted with the task of surveying the railway lines. Upon the completion of the mission, he remained attached to the office of the said railway for conduct- ing diplomatic affairs. In 1906 Minister Liu was transferred to the Legation at Petrograd as Councillor, where several times he was charge d'affaires in the absence of the Minister. In 1908 he was recalled and sent to Harbin to be President of the Bureau of Diplomatic Affairs for the province of Heilungkiang. Soon afterwards he was appointed Taotai of Harbin. The following year he was made Assistant Director of the Peking- Hankow Railway. In 1910 Mr. Liu v/as appointed Expectant Councillor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1911 he was again appointed Taotai of Harbin. Before taking up his office. Minister Liu was sent to Petograd to negotiate for the modification of the Chinese-Russian Commercial Treaty. While on the mission he was appointed Chinese Minister to Holland. He assumed the office on February 22, but in September of the same year he was transferred to be Chinese Minister to Russia. In the spring" of 1918 Mr. Liu returned to China in company with the Japanese Ambas- sador, Viscount Uchida, on account of the disorder in Russia following the overthrow of Tsardom. In January 1919 Mr. Liu was awarded the Second Class Wenfu. In September 1919 he was appointed Chinese Minister to Japan. But he declined the honor and persistently refused to proceed to this post. In January 1920 Mr. Liu was awarded the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In September 1920 he was officially relieved of the Tokyo post and was appointed Vice-President of the Commission for the Study of Treaties under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1922 Mr. Liu was appointed concurrently President of the Commission for Russian Affairs in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In October 1922 he was awarded the First Class Tashou Chiaho. In May 1923 Mr. Liu was appointed Vice- President of the Commission on Foreign Affairs which position he is still holding.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
533
^
Mr. C. S. Liu
sij a m ^ It a
(Liu Ching-shan)
Mr. G. S. Liu was born at Tientsin, Chihli Province, in 1882. He studied between 1901 and 1902 at the Pu-tung School, Tientsin, which later became the nucleus of the present Nankai College; at the Tientsin High School between 1902-1903; at the Peiyang University between 1903 and 1905. In July 1905, Mr. Liu went to America as a governmeint student. He studied political economy at the University of Pennsylvania between 1905 and 1910. In 1909 he received the degree of B. S., and in 1910 that of M. A. He returned to China in August 1910. In 1912 Mr. Liu was appointed auditor of the Kiangsu Provincial Bank, Shanghai. Shortly afterwards he became Professor of the Commercial College in Tientsin. In
534 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
1913 he was delegated to survey the famine districts in Anhui along, the Huai River Region together with Mx. C. D. Jameson, engineer represe'nt- ative of the American Red Cross. Later Mr. Liu became Chief of the F'oreign Affairs Department in the office of the Customs Superintendent in Chefoo. After his resignation from this post he was appointed a member of the Commission on the Unification of Railway Accouats and Statistics. In August 1914 Mr. Liu was promoted to be Assistant Chief of the Audit and Accounts Division of the Accounts Department of the Ministry of Communications. In September 1914 he was conferred the 7th Class Chiaho Decoration. In November he became a Technical Expert in the Ministry. In August 1915 Mr. Liu was given the official appointment of Senior Sec- retary. Subsequently he became Chief of the Audit and Accounts Division of the Postal Department. In September 1915 he was transferred to be a member of the central auditing division of the Ministry of Communications. In July 1917 Mr. Liu became Chief of the Audit and Accounts Division of the Railway Department. In September he was appointed a member of the Commission for the Study of Railway Administration. In November he received another appointment as a member of the Commission on the Codi- fication of Railway Regulations and Rules and also Chief of the Accounts Section of the same Commission. In May 1918 Mr. Liu became chairman of the Traffic Conference. In June he was transferred to be Chief of the traffic section of the Railway Department, and concurrently acted as Chief of the Audit and Accounts Division of the same Department. In August he became Chief of the General Affairs Division ,of the Through Traffic Administration. In November he was appointed Chief of the Traffic Divi- sion of the Railway Technical Commission and in December he became Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee on the Unification of Railway Accounts and Statistics. In January 1919 Mr. Liu was transferred back to be Chief of the Audit and Accounts Division of the Railway Department. In June he was given the Third Class Wenhu Decoration. In August 1920 Mr. Liu was again made the Chief of the Traffic Division of the Railway Department and was simultaneously appointed to act as Chief of the Audit and Accounts Division, Co-Director of the Through Traffic Administration, and Chief of the Chinese Eastern Railway Affairs Bureau. In the same month he became a member of the Commission on International Transit. In November he became a member of the Railway Finance Conference arid was conferred the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho. In December he received two appointments, namely, Vice-Chairman of the Chinese Eastern Railway Commission, and Special Deputy to assist in the organization of the Uni- versity of Communications. In February 1921 Mr. Liu became Chairman of the Committee on Through Traffic ; and also a member of the Commission for the Study of Railway Lines for the Whole of China. In March he was appointed Chief Accountant of the Peking-Hankow Railway. In May he became a member of the Commission for the Improvements of Documents and Official Procedures and was also appointed Councillor of the Ministry of Communications. In June he became vice-president of the Chinese Eastern Railway. This appointment was made as a recognition of his services rendered during the winter of 1920 in connection with the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 535
negotiations of a new agreement concerning the Chinese Eastern Railway. In December 1921 Mr. Liu returned to Peking Ministry again, becoming Chief of the Railway Department. He held concurrently the following positions; President of the Commission for the Study of Railway Affairs, Vice-Chairman of the Commission for the Study of Railway Lines, and Vice-Chairman of the Railway Finance Commission. In March 1922 Mr. Liu received another post as an Executive Member of the Commission on Communications in . connection with the redention of Shantung interests. In December he was awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration. In January 1923 the government awarded upon Mr. Liu the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. Later he joined the Bank of Com- munications to which he is still connected. In September 1923 he was appointed an expert to the Financial Re-organization Commission under the Cabinet.
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Liu Ck'u-hsiang
Mr. Lia Ch'u-hsiang was born at Teng-tsung Hsien, Yunnan province. He was graduated from Canton Christian College. After the First Revolu- tion Mr. Liu returned to his home where he founded the Teng-tsung Middle School with himself as the principal. In 1916 Mr. Liu was elected Member of the House of Representatives. In the House he was on the Budget Committee. After the dissolution of Parliament in 1917, he went to Canton and joined the Constitutional government headed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. In 1919 the Extraordinary Parliament in Canton resumed the Constitution drafting work. Mr. Chu took a part in this important task. During the following years Mr. Chu stayed at Cantt.n playing an important part in politics. In 1922 Mr. Liu returned to Peking where the First Parliament- was again called to meet by President Li Yuan-hung. On theConstitution Drafting Committee, he suggested several drastic amendments to the original draft among which may be mentioned the suggestion of electing nine ad- ministrative directors in place of a president. When President Li was ousted in the summer lof 1923, Mr. Liu showed deep sympathy for him and left Peking with many of his friends, going to Shanghai to declare defiance of the Peking government. Mr. Liu, besides being a politician, is a poet. He has written volumes of poems which will soon be published.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
5^1
Mr. Liu Chung-chieh
Si ^ « ^ iF *g
Mr. Liu Chung-chieh was born at Minghouhsien, Fukien Province, in 1880. After having studied Chinese at home under private tutors, he went to Japan for higher education and joined the Waseda University, where he graduated. Upon his return to China he was appointed Counsellor of the Board of Education. He thus began his official life at an early age. A year later he returned to his native province and became superintendent of the Fukien College of Law. In the last days of the Manchu Dynasty he served as First Counsellor to the Chinese Legation in Tokyo. Upon the establishment of the Republic he was made First Secretary to the Chinese Legation in the same metropolis. During May 1916 he acted as Chinese Charge d' Affaires. In March 1917 Mr. Liu was appointed Counsellor of the Cabinet and was conferred the Second Class Chiaho. Four months later he was ordered to act concurrently as Counsellor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In the spring of 1919 Mr. Liu accompanied Mr. Liang Chi-chiao,
h
538 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
former Minster of Finance, to Europe to assist the Chinese Delegation to the International Peace Conference. He returned at the beginning of 1920 and re-joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the same capacity of Counsellor. In January 1920 Mr. Liu was awarded the Second Class Tas- hou Paokuang Chiaho. In September 1920 he was appointed Chinese Minister to Spain and Portugal. In October 1922 Mr. Liu was given the Second Class Tashou Chiaho.
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539
Liu En-ke
Mr. Liu En-ke was born at Liaoyang, Fengtien, in 1866. He studded law at the Law School in his native province. After having spent several years in that school, he went to Japan for a higher legal education. Upon his return to China, he travelled extensively in the Yangtse Valley to ac- quire knowledge of the local conditions in China. He travelled to Yunnan in quest of knowledge where he was given an official appointment. He spent three years as an official in that province. Then he adopted the profession of teaching and taught law in several law schools throughout the country. Upon the outbreak of the first revolution, Mr. Liu returned to Fengtien, and threw his weight against the monarchy. In 1912, when the Republic was established, he was appointed sectional chief of the Law Bureau in Fengtien. In 1913 he was elected a member of the House of Representatives of the National Parliament. He was a strong member of the Kuo Min Tang and was made a member of the committee to draft a permanent constitution for China. In 1914 when the second revolution
540 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
was launched, he took sides with the South against the existiinjg goverti- ment. Eight members of Parliament who showed hostility toward the government were arrested, and he was one of the eight. L0ter he was released, and kept at his own home in close watch by the authorities. After the death of Yuan Shih-kai Mr. Liu becamie a Secretary of the Military Governor of Fengtien, General Chang Tso-lin. In September 1917 the so- called "Tuchun's Parliament" was called and Mr. Lin was sent by General Chang as Fengtien member. It was formally convoked in January 1918 and Mr. Liu was elected Vice- Speaker. In December 1918 he was ap- pointed a member of the Northern Delegation to the Internal Peace Con- ference. In June 1918 Mr. Liu was conferred the Second Class Tashou Chiaho and in October 1919 the First Class Tashou Chiaho. The Tuchun's Parliament was dissolved in 1920 after the downfall of the Sufu Club. In October 1921 he was appointed Prefect of the Hsin-Ho Circuit of the Special Area of Chiaho. The old Parliament was reconovoked by President Li Yuan-hung in June 1922. Mr. Liu is still acting as a member of it.
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541
General Liu Hsiang
General Liu Hsiang was born in 1890 at Tayihsien, a small city to the west of Chengtu, in the province of Szechuan, close up to the Tibetam mountains. According to the old system he received his early education in his own home afterwards attending the Military Academy in Chengtu from which he graduated in 1910. He entered into the military life of the Republic becoming a Colonel in 1914 when he was stationed at Chungking, a Colonel in 1914 when he was stationed at Chungking, a Brigadier General in 1917 while at Yunchwan, and was given a division in 1918 stationed at Szechuan. In 1820 he was given the rank of General in Command of the Second Army while at Paoting, and in the following year was made the Szechuan Generalissimo and Civil Governor at Chungking when Hsiung
542 WHO^S WHO IN CHINA
Keh wu was obliged to resign at Chengtu. However he was only able to maintain his position for about a year and in 1922 he resigned all his positions and retired to his home at Tayi to await developments. At that time General Liu Yu Kiu, a native of the same place, was placed in the position of Governor at Chengtu and lie tried to induce Liu Hsiang again to take an active part in the affairs of the province. Hsiung Keh Wu had again returned to power and was trying to drive out all those who were opposed to Dr. Sun and Canton. General Liu Hsiang remained in his retirement? until Yang Sen had turned the fortunes of war and ha then came out to help. Liu Hsiang was made the Director of Reorganization at Wanhsien in 1923 when the plans were being formulated that have succeed- ed. He was with Yang Sen and Yuan Tzu Ming when they captured Chengtu, and he went immediately with Yuan Tzu Ming to see that the job of extermination was well done. Recently he has been in Luchow and Chungking trying to bring some order out of the confusion which has existed. Many honors have come to Liu Hsiang from the Central govern- ment. In 1923 he was made a Chiang-Chun with "Chia-Wei" as title and in 1924 he became a Full General. Other decorations have been given to hira from time to time. His pressnt position is that of Director for De- fence of the Yunnan Frontier, Commissioner for the Tibetan Frontier and Director of Bandit Suppression. His real position, however, is that of Overlord among the different factions in the province. Liu Hsiang is a conservative. His manner is the manner of the old Chinese literati. He says very little but has a head full of plans which he is trying to work out. Though still a young man he gives the impression of being much older. He has held all the offices his native province can give him and he is doubtless looking to Peking to give him a position that will make it possible for him to settle the affairs of Szechuan.
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543
Admiral Liu Kuan-hsiuns:
f ij S 41 ^ Sf M Admiral Liu Kuan-hslung was born at Ming-hou Hsien, Fukien Pro- vince, in 1858. He was graduated from the Naval School in Fukien land subsequently was sent to England for higher education. Admiral Liu attended the Royal Naval College at Greenwich where he graduated. Upon his return to China, he was given a commission in the Imperial Chinese Navy. Shortly after his joining the navy, the Sino- Japanese War (1894-95) broke out and Admiral Lu participated therein. At the Battle of the Yulu he distinguished himself and was afterwards rewarded for his bravery by the Manchu Emperor. Since that time up to the breaking out of the First Revolution, he held various naval offices, from a non-commis- sioned officer to the commander of a squadron. When ;the first republican government was formed following the successful issue of the revolution in 1911, Admiral Liu was appointed Minister of Navy as a reward for his services to the republicans during the critical moment of the epoch-mak-
544 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
ing event. He was a member of the National Council in Nanking. Upon Yuan Shih-kai's election to the Presidency, he was elected a member of the Southern delegation sent to Peking to convey congratulations. In March 1912 Lu was appointed Minister of Navy in Tang Shao-i's Cabinet. For a few days in June he also acted as Minister of Education. He was Minister of Navy from July to September in Lu Tseng-hsialng's Cabinet. During July 1912 he also acted as Minister of Communications. He held the portfolio of navy in Chao Ping-chun's Cabinet 1912 to July 1913; in Hs'.ung Hsi-ling's Cabinet from August 1913. In August 1913 he was appointed to hold concurrently the post of High Inspecting Com. missioner of the Southern Sea. In December 1913 he was appointed to bei Military Gover- nor of Fukien Province. Admiral Liu was Minister of Navy in Sun Pao- chi's Cabinet from February 1914 to April 1914; in Hsu Shih-chang's Cab- inet from May 1914 to April 1916; and in Tuan Chi-jui's Cabinet from April 1916 until the overthrow of Yuan Shih-kai's monarchical movement. Admiral Liu played an important part in this movement. For that reason he was obliged to leave the cabinet upon the collapse of the movement and the subsequent death of Yuan Shih-kai. For one year he lived a pri- vate life in Tientsin. In June 1917 occurred the monarchical movement of Chang Hsun. This movement also failed. In July 1917 Marshal Tuan Chi- 3ui, who had effected the overthrow of the movement, became Prime Minister, Admiral Liu became Minister of Navy again. This post he held until November 1919 through many changes of premiers. In January 1920 Admiral Liu was awarded the First Order of Merit, having received the highest civil and military decorations already. In June 1921 he received the appointment to investigate the opium plantation in the province of Fukien. In November 1922 Admiral Liu became Pacification Com- missioner to Fukien specially delegated by the Peking government. In April 1923 he was appointed High Commissioner _ of Coasjtal Defence for Fukien and Kuangtung which position he is still holding.
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545
Mr. L. N. Lau
m ^ ^
(Liu Lu-nan)
Mr. L. N. Lau was born in 1892 in the district of Sunwui, Canton, Kwantung Province. He was graduated from Canton Christian College at the age of 23, and went to America, graduating in 1919 from the College- of Arts and Sciences of Cornell University. After graduation he went into the real estate business in Florida, organizing the Florida Agricultural Corporation in 1919 which now has a paid-up capital of •S20O,000. He has been director, vice-president and treasurer of the concern since its organization. Returning to China in 1920, Mr. Lau was appointed secretary to the director of the Canton Mint. When the Chinese Merchants' Ba-nk, Ltd. of Hongkong opened an agency in New York City in 1922, Mr. Lau took charge there and has remained as agent since. In 1924 he was elected vice-president and a director of Vantine, ; Inc., a flourishing store near Fifth Avenue, New York, dealing in Oriental merchandise. Mr. I^aa was one of the founders of the Rho Psi Fraternity at Cornell University, a society particularly well-known to Chinese students in America.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Liu Shih-hsun
Mr. Liu Shih-hsun, was born at Nan-hui Hsien Kiangsu, 1868, was a student at the Kiangnan Arsenal School, Shanghai, 'and later at the School of Foreign Languages, Peking^ He studied French for fifteen years in China before he was sent to the Chinese Legation at Paris as a stiudent- interpreter. After having stayed in France for some time, he was trans- ferred to the Chinese Legation at Petrograd ' and then to Berlin. Having acquired an intimate knowledge of international affairs, he was called back to be a member of the Tsungli Yamen or State Department. After the Boxer uprising in 1900, he assisted Viceroy 'Li Hung-chang in restoring friendly relations with foreign countries. Afterward, he was sent to Yun- nan and arranged a settlement of a boundary dispute between that province and Tonguin. In 1904 a mission was sent to England to attend the corona- tion of King Edward VII and Mr. Liu was a French secretary to the mission. On that occasion, he visited the principaL countries in Europe. Later he was appointed first secretary to the Chinese Legation at Paris,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 547
and when Sun Pao-chi was transferred back to China to be Chief Secretary of the government Council in 1906, succeeded him as Chinese Minister to France. He stayed in France until September 1912. During his residence at Paris, he was a member of the perm.anent Council of Arbitration at the Hague. After the first revolution and the establishment of the Republic, Mr. Liu returned to China and was Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs between January and August 1913. Upon his resignation from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, he was sent to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, as Chinese Minister in December 1914 and remained there until December 1916. Mr. Liu again became Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs at the end of 1916 and continued holding the position until March 1917. After his resignation, he was appointed Councillor to the President and a member of the Commission for Foreign Affairs in Peking. In January 1920 he was conferred the Second Class Wenfu. In September 1920 he was again appointed Vice- Minister of Foreign Affairs. In September 1920 he became concurrently President of the Famine Relief Commission in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; in October, President of the Commission for the Examination of Diplomatic and Consular Officers. In January 1921 Mr. Liu was awarded the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and in November the First Class Tashou Chiaho. In January 1922 Mr. Lin was relieved of the Vice- Ministership. Subsequently he became Vice-President of the Commission for the Study of Treaties and also 'Chief of the Washington Conference Preparation Bureau. In March 1922 Mr. Liu was awarded the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In May 1923 he was appointed Vice-President of the Diplomatic Commission. In 1904, he married a young French girl and at the end of 1912, returned to China with his wife. Mr. Liu has been awarded the Commandeur de la Legion d'Honeur; Commandeur de rOrdre de la Conception du Portugal; Chevalier de I'Ordre de Leopold de Belgique. In addition to these, he has received many Chinese decorations for his loyal services.
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Mr. Shu-yung Liu
(Liu Shu-yung)
Mr. Shu-yung Liu was born at Tai-shan district, Kwangtung province, in 1897. He entered the middle school of Tsing Hua College, Peking, la 1911 and was graduated in 1918, going to the United States on a Boxer scholarship in the summer of that year. He studied ceramic engineering at Ohio State University and was graduated from the New York State
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 549
School of Ceramics and Clay Working in 1921 with the degree of B. S. in Ceramic Engineering. After graduation, Mr. Liu was employed by the Thatcher Furnace Company of New Jersey and later by the Baltimore Por- celain Enamel Manufacturing Company, as an enamel chemist. He returned to China in 1922 and was one of the promoters of the Chen Kwong Cera- mics Company in Hongkong, a million dollar organization. Mr. Liu is at present an engineer of the company.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dakuin K. Lieu
(Liu Ta-chun)
Mr. Lieu was born at Chinkiang, Kiangsu Province, in 1891. He studied mathematics, science and modern languages under private tutors until he reached the age of 14 when he attended sch'ool in Shanghai and Peking. At the former place he attended the Y. M. C. A. School; and at
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the latter he went to the Wu Ch'eng Middle School first and then the Im- perial University. In 1911 Mr. Lieu went to America and studied econ- omics at the University of Michigan. In 1915, upon the advice and under the direction of Professor Henry C. Adams, he travelled extensively in the United States studying industrial and financial conditions of that country as affected by the Great War. He received B. A. degree in June and was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa Society. Upon returning to China, Mr. Lieu became English Secretary of the Kiangsu Provincial Educational Associa- tion. From 1916 to 1919 he was Professor of Economy in the Tsing Hua College. During 1919-1920 he was Cost Accountant of the Hanyang Iron Works. In 1920 he joined the Government Bureau of Economic Informa- tion of which he is now Chief of the Research and Investigation Depart- ment. In September 1923 Mr. Lieu was appointed expert of the All-China Finance Commission. Mr. Lieu has served at different times as Secretary of the Chinese Delegation to the Washington Conference, Expert of the Special Tariff Conference Preparation Bureau of the Foreign Office, Dean of the English Department of the Peking Goverriment Teaohers' College Professor of English of the same college. Mr. Lieu was elected a Fellow of the Royal English Society of Arts in 1920. He is a frequent contribut- or to Chinese and foreign newspapers and magazines, such as the China Weekly Review, the Wall Street Journal, New York, the London Financier, the Baltimore Sun, the Chinese Social and Political Science Review, the Chinese Bankers' Magazine in Peking, the Peking Daily News, the Peking Leader, and other papers. Mr. Lieu has been awarded the Fourth Order of Chiaho for "contribution to learning and service to society."
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Timothy Ting-fang Lew
m m. m
(Liu T'ing-fang)
Mr. Lew was born at Wenchow, Chekiang, in 1891 and received hie preliminary education at St. John's University, Shanghai, where he won the Viceroy's Medal for Chinese Essay Writing. Dr. Lew then went to America and entered the University of Georgia where he won the Horace Russefl Prize in Psychology. He later distinguished himself at Columbia University where he received the degree of B. A. (1914), M. A. (1915,) and Ph. 'D. in Psychology and Education (1920), and was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. He then studied Theology in the Union Seminary, winning the highest merit scholarship and an appointment to the Dean's Scholarship at Columbia. Later he received from Yale the degree of Bachelor of Divin- ity (B. D.) in 1918 with magna cum laude, winning also the Fogg Divinity
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 553
Scholarship. He was later appointed an Assistant in the Department of Religious Education in Union Seminary, the first Chinese ever appointed to teach anj' subject other than Chinese in an American theological school. He was elected to membership in the American Society of Church History and to the Council of the Religious Education Association.; Dr. Lew returned to China in 1920, and was appointed Dean of the Graduate School of Education, Peking Government Teachers' College; Professor of Psycho- logy in the National University of Peking; and a member of the theological faculty of the Peking University (Yenching Ta Hsu'eh). In 1921 Dr. Lew was elected Dean of the School of Theology in the Yenching University, resigning his deanship in Teachers' College. His activities pince his return to China have been varied, including; joint-editor of China in Education; joint-author with Dr. Hu Suh and others of "China To-day," "Some Aspects of Chinese Civilization;" joint-author with Prof. W. A. McCall of Columbia of "How to Measure in Education," "Method of Con- structing Psychological and Educational Tests;" author of "China in America Text Books," "The Psychological Study of Learning Chinese," "Middle School Intelligence Tests," "Problems of the Chinese Church," "The Responsibility of Ministers in the Renaissance Movement;" associate editor of The Journal of New Education; editor of The Life Journal; member of the National Christian Council; member of the National Christian Educational Association and Chairman of its Committee of Standardized Tests; Member of the Literature Committee of the National Committee ofl the Y. M. C. A; Board of Directors of the Peking Y. M. C. A; National Association for the Advancemfent of Education; Executive Secretary of the Society for the study of International Educati.o'n; Executive Counc'il of the China Psychological Association; Commission of National Phonetics; Commission of the Ministry of Education on the Investigation of Element- ary School Records, etc. In addition to being Dean of the Faculty of' Theology and Professor in the Peking University, Dr. Lew is also Professor of the National Peking Normal University and Lecturer of the National University of Peking. Dr. Lew's address is c/o Yenching University, Pek-
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General Liu Tsun-hou
General Liu Tsun-hou was born at Chien-yang lisien, Szechuan province, in 1885. In 1903 he entered the Military Academy at Chengtu and in 1904 was sent to Japan to study in the Japinesa Cadets' Academy. He was graduated from the Infantry Section of that Acaiemy in December 1908. Upon his return to Peking, in 1909 he passed examination and was' given the rank of Chiu-jen. Subsequently he went to Yunnan where he was appointed Director of the Yunnan Military Academy, ranking as s Major. During the First Revolution in 1911-12, he was Chief Staff Oflicor of the Yunnan Revolutionary government. In the meantime Yunnan leaders had an unworthy ambition to gain control of Szechuan and they made plans to come into the province in the name of assisting revolutionary movements whereas thoir ulterior motive was to make Szechuan which is rich to supply
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 555
Yunnan which is unproductive. General Liu knowing the secret reported the matter to the Szechuan government and there was a united sJjand against the Yunnan invasion. Subsequently General Liu returned to Szechuan and was given to command the 4th Szechuan Division, and also made a Lieutenent General. In October 1913 he was appointed Garrison, Commissioner of Chungking and given the Second Class Wenfu and Second Class Chiaho. In 1914 he was given to command the Second Divi- sion of Szechuan Army. In December 1915 came the Yunnan Revolt led by the late General Tsai Ao against Yuan Shih-kai's monarchical movement. General Liu responded to this call by gathering troops to help the Yunnan forces. This attitude led to his dismissal from the post of Garrison Com- missioner in February 1916. After the death of Yuan Shih-kai, the Peking governm.ent gave him the brevet rank of Full General and also the command of the First Szechuan Army., In February 1916 General Liu was relieved of the Garrison Commissioner post. In July 1916 General Lo Pei-ching: was appointed to act as both Civil and Military Governor of Szechuan for General Tsai Ao who was sick. The new governor planned to set up a: Southwestern government. His plan was, however, discovered by General Liu who at once reported to the Peking government. Lo was furious &<b this and drove him away from Chengtu. In the meanwhile another general Tai Kan came into the province from Yunnan to oppose General Lo and gradually assumed the position Lo had held. In April General Tai was appointed bvV the Peking government to succeed General Lo. At the same time General Liu was made a Chingchun with "Ch'ung-Wei" as special title. In July 1917 Chang Hsun attempted to restore the Manchu Throne. He appointed General Liu Governor of Szechuan. But this move- ment died away shortly afterwards. Subsequently the Peking government appointed him Commander-in-Chief of Southern Szechuan. This ap- pointment led to fierce fighting between General Lo and himself. The former yielded but was eventually killed by him. In December 1917 he was appointed Tuchun of Szechuan. In the spring of 1918 trouble again blew up. This time General Hsiung Ke-wu threw in his lot with Yunnan and Kueichow and drove General Liu from Chengtu who subsequently went to Shensi where he remained for some years. He was able to return for a short period of time after the coup of General Lu Tao who succeeded i.n driving out General Hsiung in 1919, at which time there was a series of reverses with several men trying to gain control of the province. In 1920 General Hsiung was himself a fugitive. While at Paoning he sent to General Liu for help. The latter appealed to Peking and was given order to proceed at once to settle affairs of Szechuuan calling on Hunan, Kuei- chow, Shensi and Kansu to assist him. This brings us down to the winter of 1921. In the spring of 1924 when General Hsiung was finally defeated, the Peking government made General Liu a Full General. As Szechuan was now in peace, he asked four times for permission te resign from the Tuchunship which he had held amid many viccisitudes since 1917. In May 1924 General Yang Sen and Teng Shih-hou were appointed Military and Civil Governors of Szechuan respectively. General Liu was appointed the frontier Defence Commissioner of Szechuan and Shensi, and in June 1924 he became Inspector General of the Szechuan Arm.y which position he is still holding.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Lo Chong
(Lo Ch'anjf)
Mr. Lo Chong was born at Paoan Hsisii; Ruangtung, in 1883, and received a large part of his education in Honolulu. Mr. Lo is a son-in law of Kang Yu-wei.. In 1903 he went to England and attended Oxford University. After having studied there for fully five years he received his B. A. degree and returned to China. He took the Chinese government's literary examinations for returned students, and received the degree of A. M. His first official position was that of Imperial Clerk in the Ching dynasty. In 1912, upon the establishment of the Republic, Mr. Lo was made secretary to the Minist3r of Communications. From January 1914 to February 1915 he was Special Commissioner for Foreign Affairs to the Province of Shantung. During his residence in Shantung, Mr. Lo was
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 557
confronted with the most difficult problems demanding solution. These problems related to the siege of Tsingtao by Japan, the delineation of the war zone by China, and other allied subjects connected therewith. In March 1915 Mr. Lo Chong joined the Ministry cf Finance. A year later, he was sent to Szechuan to audit the salt accounts. He returned in the winter of the sam.e year, and was sent to Amoy by the government as Superintendent of Customs and Commissioner for Foreign Aifairs. In the summer of 1917 Lo Chong was given the con&iirrent position of Taoyin of Amoy. He, remained, in that port, holding three positions at the same time, namely Taoyin, Customs Superintendent and Commissioner for Foreign Affairs of Amoy, untiil September 22, 1918 when he was appointed Consul- General at Singapore. Soon after the appointment, Mr. Lo turned over his old offices to his successor and came to Peking to ask for instructions prior to his proceeding to Singapore. Upon his arrival in Peking in Jan- uary 1919 he was appointed Acting Consul-General to London. In the following month this appointment was substantiated to him. In September 1921 Mr. Lo was transferred to be Acting Consul-General at Singapore. Since April 1922 he has been substantiated as Consul-General to Singapore.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. R. Y. Lo
(Lo Yun-yen)
Dr. R. Y. Lo was born at Kiukiang, Kiangsi Province, in -1890. He entered the William Nast College at Kiukiang in 1901 and graduated from it in 1907. While still a student he began teaching ; he was teacher of the Kiukiang First Government School and also of the Wen Hua School from 1906 to 1907. From 1907 to 1909 he was teaching in the Teh Hua, Kiuk- kiang. Dr. Lo went to America in September 1909. He studied Liberal Arts in the Baldwin- Wallace CoUeg.e of Berea, Ohio and graduated from it in 1911. In June 1911 he won a first prize in an oratorical contest. He re- ceived the degree of B. A. that year. He was president of the Goethe Society during 1910-1911. From 1911 to 1914 Dr. Lo was at Syracuse University studying Economics and Political Science. He was taking a law course during 1914 at the University of Michigan. He received the degree of M. A. in 1912 and that of Ph. D. in 1914, the subject of his doctor's
WHO'S WHO IN ACHIN 559
disseration being "The Social Teaching of Confucious". While in America in one summer vacation Dr. Lo made a lecture tour to the Northern States of America. After his return to China in September 1914, Dr. Lo took the chair of Sociology and Economics in William Nast College. His name became known to the government authorities and he was offered an advisor- ship in the Bureau of Foreign Affairs to the governor of Kiangsi, which post he accepted and held for several years. In 1920 the Methodist Episcopal Church in China sent him to Shanghai as editor of the Chinese Christian Advocate and the Young Peoples Friend. Dr. Lo is author of several books and a contributor to many periodicals both foreign and Chinese. In recent years he has travelled quite extensively, giving ispeeches to conferences and institutes, and as one of the Commission chair- men, he attained high success in the preparation of the report of "Commission IV" of the National Christian Conference which took place in the Shanghai Town Hall In May 1922. At present Dr. Lo is general editor of the Methodist Episcopal Church, vice-chairman of the China Christian Literature Council, lecturer in the comparative Law School of Soochow University, and a member of the Chinese Recorder's editorial board.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Y. T. Lou
(Lou Yu-tao)
Mr. Y. T. Lou was born at Shaoshing, Chekiang Province, in I88O1 Since his youth he came to North China where his father waS' a very- famous official who had been chief secretary to many Viceroys of Chihli including Yuan Shih-kai, Mr. Lou entered the Peking Government Univer- sity in 1891 and graduated from there in 1900. In 1902 he ,att»ejided the Anglo-Chinese College, Tientsin. He arrived in America in March 1903 partly as Attache to the Chinese Minister at Washington, D. C, and partly to study. Mr. Lou studied in the Oahu College unntil 1908. Then he went to study law at Yale University where he graduated with the degree of B. C. L. in 1911. In September that year he returned to China. From 1912 to 1913 Mr. Lou was Legal Advisor to the late Feng Kuo-chang who was then Tutuh of Chihli. During 1914-1915 he was in America as Provincial Delegate of Chihli of the Panama Pacific International Exposition. Mr.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 56L
Lou has been and is still Secretary to Director-General of the Kailan Min- ing Administration since 1912; Legal Advisor to General Chi Hsieh-yuan of Kiangsu since April 1923; and Councillor of the Ministry of Communica- tions since 1923. Mr. Lou has been awarded by the Peking government the Fourth Order of Chiaho. His address is 13 Ta Ching Lu, Hopei, Tientsin.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Loh Zau-tsoong
1^ m m 'f' f-f K
(Lu Ch'ao-tsung)
Mr. Loh Zau-tsoong was born at Hangchow, Chekiang Province, in 1889. He is the youngest member of the Chinese section of the Bench of the International Mixed Court at Shanghai who assumed his present post four years ago. Graduating from the Law Department of the Imperial University of Japan with degrees in law and politics, Mr. Loh returned to China and joined the Ministry of Justice, serving in different capacities. His good work and his per^Dnal qualities were recognized and Mr. Loh was four years ago promoted to his present position. Mr. Loh, whose name has been entered in the Cabinet registers as an official awaiting a post, holds a decoration from Ministry of Justice and the Fifth Class order of the Chiaho from the Central government.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
563
Mr. Lu Chengr-hsiang
Mr. Lu Cheng-hsiang, was born at Shanghai in 1870. Receiving his first education at the Language School in the Kiangnan Arsenal, he was sent to the Tung Wen Kwan College in Peking for his post-graduate work. One year aftei- his post-graduation, he was sent to the Chinese Legation at Petrograd as interpreter in 1890. In 1892 he was promoted to be attache, and in 1893 secretary. He was afterwards deputed to accompany tho Chinese Envoy Extraordinary to the coronation of the Tsar. In 1899 Min- ister Lu was appointed to represent China at the Hague Conference. He was made Minister to the Netherlands in 1905. When the second Hague Conference convened, he was again appointed China's delegate. During his second term as Chinese Mimster to Holland in 1908, he negotiated the Consular Convention with that country. In the revolutionary year of 1911, he was sent to the Hague to exchange ratifications of this Convention, and thence proceeded to Petrograd to undertake negotiations with the Russian government for the revision of the Treaty of 1881. At the same
564 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
time he was appointed Minister to Kussia, Lu Cheng-hsiang was elected Minister of Foreign Affairs in the first Republican Cabinet in March 1912. He arrived at Peking on May 24, to take up his new post. On June 17, 1912 he was ordered to act as Prime Minister. On June 29 he was appointed Prime Minister and retained the portfolio of Foreign Af- fairs. In September 1912 Mr. Lu resigned from the Prime Ministership. From November 1912 to September 1913 he was again Minister of Foreign Affairs. Subsequently he became Master of Ceremony in the President's office. In January 1915 Mr. Lu was again appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs. In December 1915 he was ordered to act for Hsu Shih-Ch'ang as Secretary of State. This position he held until March 1916. In May 1916 he resigned from the Ministership of Foreign Affairs. In December 1917 Mr. Lu was again appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs. He remained intact through the cabinet changes in March 1918 and January 1919. In January 1919 Mr. Lu became China's Chief Delegate to the Paris Peace Conference. In December 1919 he returned to Peking and became Minister of Foreign Affairs again. In March 1920 Mr. Lu was awarded the First Order of Merit. In August 1920 he was relieved of the Ministership of Foreign Affairs. In October 1920 he became co-director of Government Famine Relief Bureau. From May to August 1921 Mr. Lu was president of the Famine Prevention Commission. In June 1922 he was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Switzerland and also China's representative to the League of Nations. In October 1922 he represented China at the International Laborers' Conference. At the same time he was awarded the Second Class Wenfu. In September 1923 he represented China at the International Laborers' Conference again.
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56S
Mr. Lu Chih-I
3 l£ f» ^ 5^ 1^
Mr. Lu Chih-i was born at Szu-mao Hsien, Yunnan province, in 1880. When a youth he was .given a thorough education in Chinese. In 1896 he became a Licentiate or B. A. In the summer of 1904 he went to Japan where he first studied at the Hung Wen Academy taking the normal course and then he joined Waseda University studying Political Economy. It was about the time the Revolutionary Society Tung Ming Hui was organized and Mr. Lu joined it when he was in Japan where the headquarters of this secret society were situated. Upon his return to China, he was made Chief of the Yunnan branch of the Tung Ming Hui. At the same time he was editor of the magazine Yunnan, and the Yunnan Daily, both of which were advocating drastic reform in China. In the winter of 1908 Mr. Lu went to the western part of Yunnan via Burma on an attetopt to start the revolution. Finally the plot failed and many of his colleagues were ar- rested and decapitated. He fled to Rangoon where he became editor-in- chief of the Kuang Hua Daily and Progress. In the winter of 1910 Mr, Lu made another attempt in western Yunnan but it was frustrated by the
566 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
occupation of the Pima district by British troops. In the spring of 1911 he participated in the uprising in Canton. Upon the failure of the move- ment, he went to Shanghai |and became an editor of the Ming Lieh Pao. October 10, 1911, the First Revolution broke out at Wuchang, near Hankow. Yunnan was not slow to respond and Mr. Lu bscame Secretary and Councillor of the Tutu, Military Governor, of Yunnan. In the following months a Provisional government took form at Nanking. All the provinces that had declared independence sent its representatives to Nanking to participate in the organization of the government. Mr. Lu was the representative from Yunnan. On January 1, 1912, Dr. Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated as the Provisional President of the Republic at Nanking. Mr. Lu was appointed Vice-Minister of Justice. He resigned from this post in March 1912 when the Provisional government was reiioved to Peking and Yuan Shih-kai succeeded Sun Yat-sen as Provisional President. Then Mr. Lu became chief of the Shanghai branch of the China Tung Ming Hui and also chief editor of the Ming Kuo Hsin Wen. In the autumn of 1912 he went to the South Sea Islands to establish branches of the Tung Ming Hui. In the Spring of 1913 Mr. Lu 'was elected by the Provincial Assembly of Yunnan to be a Senator of the First National Assembly. This Parliament was in- augurated in April 1913 and subsequently he was elected a member of the Constitution Drafting Committee. In June 1916, after the death of Yuan, Parliament was reconvoked and Mr. Lu became a Senator again. After the second dissolution of the Parliament in June 1917 by President Li Yuan- hung, yielding to the demands of the militarists, Mr. Lu went to Canton to join the constitutional government. In August 1917 these members of the Parliament assembled at Canton and convoked the Extraordinary Parliament. In 1918 Mr. Lu was concurrently a Councillor of the Military government. In the winter of 1920 he became concurrently Vice-Minister of Justice of the Military government. In the summer of 1921 Dr. Sun Yat-sen was elected by the Extraordinary Parliament the President of China, Mr. Lu was appointed Vice-Minister of Justice and at the same time acting as Minister. In the autumn of 1922 the First Parliament was reconvoked at Peking by President Li Yuan-hung, and Mr. Lu found himself in the Senate again. He left Peking, however when President Li was ousted. He has joined the Southern leaders again and he is now travelling between Canton and Shanghai.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
567
General Lu Chin
General Lu Chin was born at Tientsin in 1880. After his graduation from the Pel Yang Military Academy, he went to Japan where he first entered the Cheng School and then the Military Officers Academy, Upon his graduation General Lu returned to China and became a military officer. Durinc the Ching Regime, he was first. Assistant Commander of the Artillery Regiment of the First Army Corps, then Chief of Staff to the Second Army Corps, then Director of the Staff Office of the Pei Yang Army, and finally was Councillor to the Shantung Military Training Office. In 1912, General Lu was Councillor to the Chihli Military Training Office and later became the Chief of Staff to the Military Governor of Chihli. From Octjober 1913 he was Defence Commissioner of Tientsin until July 1914 when he was called to Peking to become a Junior Member of the Chiang Chun Fu. In 1914 a Model Regiment was f.)nned in Peking, of which Yuan Shih-kai himself was honorary colonel, and General Lu was a colonel commanding one battalion. In 1917 he was appointed Assistant Chief of the General
568 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
staff and held that position for about two years. In January 1919 General Lu was given the brevet of Chiangchun or Marshal. In December 1919 he was made "Ming-Wu Chiangchun, a member of the College of Marshals. In January 1920 General Lu was conferred the First-Class Tashou Chiaho. In August 1920 he was appointed Acting Commander of the Ninth Division pf the National Army. In October 1920 he was conferred the First- Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In February 1921 General Lu was given the brevet rank of a Full General. In November 1922 he was appointed Chief Staff Officer to the High Inspecting Commissioner of Chihli, Shantung and Honan. In March 1923 General Lu was awarded the Fourth Order of Merit. In November 1923 he was made a Full General. Since January 1924 General Lu has been the Minister of War. In March 1924 he was relieved of the Commandership of the Ninth Division of the National Army.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
569
Mr. Hingr-yun Loo
a.m m
(Lu Hsing-yuan)
Mr. Hing-yun Loo, also known as H. Y. Loo, is the fourth son of the well-known late Loo Kow of Macao. He was born in 1885 in Macao. After having received a Chinese education, Mr. Loo went to England in 1909. He stayed in England for seven years attending Oxford University and the Inner Temple in London being called to the English Bar in 1916 re- ceiving the M. A. degree in 1915. Mr. Loo learned the French language while in France for about a year. Since his return to China he has been practicing law in Shanghai, Hongkong, and Canton. He was for a time lecturer on Law in the Soochow University. He entered the government service at Canton in 1919, when he was appointed a departmental chief of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1920 Mr. Loo was invited by the Civil Governor, General Chen Chiung-ming, to be his advisor and also a member of the law compiling commission to draft the system of provincial government. In February, 1921, Mr. Loo was appointed Chief Justice of a division of the Supreme Court of the Constitutional government.
570
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Lu Hsueh-p'u
Mr. Lu, Hsueh-p'u was born at Tung Hsiang Hsien, Chekiang, in 1879. Mr. Lu obtained the literary degree of Chu Jen or M. A. in 1901 through competitive provincial examinations. Immediately after his successful ex- aminations, he was awarded the rank of magistrate. In the last days of the Tsing dynasty Mr. Lu served as chief of the Foreign Affairs Section at Nanking when Tuan Fang was Viceroy of Liang K'ang, and held the same position in Tientsin upon his chief's transference to the North to become Viceroy of Peiyang. Later, he was appointed secretary to the Commissioner of Education in the province of Fengtien. In Octobe|r, 1912, he was ap- pointed junior secretary of the Ministry of Finance. Shortly afterwards he was asked to act concurrently as chief of the First Section of the Loan Department. In July, 1913, he was appointed to act as Chief of the Loan
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 571
Department, and in January 1914 he was appointed Chief of the Confidential Affairs Section in the Bureau of Expenditure. In July of 1914 Mr. Lu was promoted to be Director of the Loan Department which position he has been successfully holding for the past six years. During this im- portant period he participated in all important financial transactions, such as the negotiations for the Reorganization Loan of 1913, the successful issue of domestic loans in 1914 and the readjustment of all short term foreign debts in 1915. In May 1919 Mr. Lu was ordered to act as Vice- Minister of Finance. In December 1920 he was appointed Co-Director of the Internal Loan Bureau. In February 1921 Mr. Lu was conferred the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho. In March 1921 he was relieved of the Directorship of a Department in the Ministry of Finance. In Decgmber 1921 he was appointed Vice-Minister of Finance. In May 1922 Mr. Lu was relieved of the. Vice-Ministership and in August 1922 he resigned from the post of Co-Director of the Internal Loans Bureau. Since his retirement from official work Mr. Lu has been active in banking enter- prises.
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572
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Colonel Lu Jung-chien
Colonel Lu Jung-chien was born at Tientsin in 1878, his native home is Tungshan Hsien, Chekiang Province. He received his prelimin- ary education at the Police School in Paoting, Chihli, graduating in 1902. Colonel Lu then entered the Tientsin Training School for Police and com- pleted the course in 1903, after which he joined the Tientsin Police Administration. In 1904 Colonel Lu became Chief of the Fourth Precinct of the First Police Station in Tientsin and in 1905 he was promoted to be Chief of the Third Station. In 1908 Colonel Lu was appointed Chief of the General Affairs Section of the Kiangsu Constabulary and in, 1909 he was transferred to Hankow as Advisor on Police Matters. Leaving Hankow service in 1913, Colonel Lu was made Director of the Bureau of Commercial Taxes at Fengtai, near Peking. In 1914 he became Proctor of Oil Ad- ministration Transporting Office at Loyang. Later he was promoted to be its co-director. In April 1916 Colonel Lu went to Hunan in connection with the Mission to Pacify Western Hunan and in 1917 he returned to Chihli becoming Chief of the Auditing Bureau of the Directorate General of the Metropolitan Flood Relief and Conservancy of which the ex-Premier HsiungHsi-lin was the Director-General. In 1918 Colonel Lu was appointed
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 573
Advisor to the Woosung and Shanghai Constabulary. In 1920 he beciame Chief of the Secret Service. In 1923 he was promoted to be Chief of the General Affairs Section of the same office. In November 1923, following the assassination of General Hsu Kuo-liang, Colonel Lu w'as appointed Acting Chief of the Woosung and Shanghai Constabulary, which position he is still holding. Colonel Lu has been awarded by the Peking government the Third Class Chiaho Decoration.
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574
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Lu Vung-ting
General Lu Yung-ting was born at Hu-ming Hsien, Kuangsi Province, in 185G. He was at one time a leader of outlaws but later reolaimed and took military service when Soo Yuan-chun was Commander-in-Chief of Kuangsi troops. In 19Q3 General Lu was commander of an expedition against the bandits in Kuangsi during which he distinguished himself as a good fighter. He was gradually promoted to Brigade General of Tso- chiang Chen; Commander of the Defence Forces and Patrols of Lungchow; and Provincial Commander of Kuangsi. In 1911 General Lu was appointed
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 575
Governor of Kiangsi, but prior to his departure for that province the First Revolution broke out and he was elected Tutu of Kuangsi. In July 1912 General Lu was appointed Tutu of Kuangsi Province by the Central Government. In June 1914 he was made a Chiangchun with "Ning-Wu" as title, directing the Military Affairs of Kuangsi Province. General Lu Yung-ting was given the rank of full general, and was appointed to act concurrently as civil governor of Kuangsi. In December of the same year. General Lu was made a first class duke by the late Pre- sident Yuan. But he joined hands with the Yunnan troops under tha leadership of General Tsai Ao and assisted in defeating the imperial troops. In February, 1916, Kuangsi declared independence of the Central govern- ment, and the monarchists in Peking were greatly alarmed. In June 1916 the monarchical movement was abandoned with the death of its promoter and the Republic was restored. In July General Lu was transferred to Kuangtung as Tuchun and awarded by General Li Yuan- hung, who was then President of the Republic, the First order of Merit f'or the services he had rendered during the third revolution. In April, 1917, General Lu was appointed by the government Inspecting Commissioner of Kuangtung and Kuangsi, which appointment was considered a great honor. About the same time he took a trip to Peking to pay his respects to the president. During his visit to Peking he had an audience with his former mastjer, ex-Emperor Hsunan Tung, to whom he was still loyal. Following the dis- solution of th? First Parliament which occurred in June 1917, the leaders of Kuangtung and Kuangsi declared self-government although General Lu, the Inspecting Commissioner of these provinces, did not approve of it. The following month saw the monarchical restoration by Chang Hsun. Being an old official of the Ching Dynasty, General Lu was appointed Viceroy of Kuangtung and Kuangsi. But owing to the short life of the restoration, he did not have time to make clear his attitude toward this appiointment. Later, t he southern provinces opposed to the dissolution of the Parliament refused to take instructions from Peking. General Lu joined the south in order to strengthen his position. In November 1917 the Peking govern- mont removed him from the post of Inspecting Commissioner of Kuangt;.ng and Kuangsi, made him a Shan Chiang-chun (Marshal), and ordered him to proceed, to Peking which he did not obey. In May 1918 the Extraordinary Parliament at Canton elected Marshal Lu one of the seven Directors of the Military government, the other six being Tang Shao-i, Tang Chi-yao, Sun Yat-sen, Wu Ting-fang, Ling Pao-i and Tsen Chun-hsuan. At one time most of the Southern and the South-western provinces were in a revolt against Peking and in sympathy with Canton. In the summer of 1919 Sun Yat-sen and his associates were ousted from power by the Kuangsi faction under General Lu Yung -ting, and his nominee. Mo Jung-hsin, assumed control of Kuangtung. In the Autumn of 1920 Ch'en Chiung-ming, Sun Yat-sen's nominee, with the slogan 'Kuangtung for the Kuangtungese" at- tacked and after a brief struggle drove out the Kuangsi faction. Marshal Lu Jung-ting left Canton in Novem!)er for Kuangsi. In Dece'mber he declared allegiance of Kuangsi to Peking again. At once the northern
576 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
government appointed him Director General of the Frontier Defence of Kuangtung. In January 1921 Marshal Lu was appointed Director-General of the Military Affairs on the Kuangsi Frontier. Since that time he car- ried on fighting against Kuangtung until he was driven out of Kuangsi by Ch'en Chiung-ming in July 1921 when he announced his resignation from the post of Director General by a circular telegram. In September 1922 Marshal Lu returned to Lung-chow, Kuangsi, where he again took up the post of Director-General of the Frontier Defence of Kuangsi. He was appointed High Defence Commissioner for Kuangsi Frontier in November 1922 which position he is still holding.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
577
Mr. Tachuen S. K» Loh
H ^? IS ^ ii s
(Lu Shou-ching)
Mr. Tachuen S. K. Loh, was born January 1885, in Tsingpoo, near Shanghai. He received his early education in Nanyang College, and, after a brief career as a school teacher and a newspaper editor both in Shanghai and Peking, he went in 1911 to the United States as a government student and graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1914. In January 1915, he joined the Ministry of Justice as a junior clerk in the Civil Depart- ment. He soon was appointed a member of the Judicial Reform Bureau. In August 1916, he was jointly appointed by the Ministries of Justice and Foreign Affairs as Magistrate of the Amoy Mixed Court, which office he held for a year and a half when he was transferred to Shanghai as Chief Justice of the Shanghai District Court. While magistrate of the Amoy
578 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mixed Court, he made many judicial reforms and was raucli admired by both Chinese and Foreign communities. Being a native of Kiangsu, his appointment as Chief Justice of the Shanghai Court was rather an exception and consequently he was transferred to K'angsu. In 1918 and 1919, he concurrently held the offices of assistant sub-director of the Repatriation bureau of German and Austrian subjects and also Chief of the Executive Department of the Enemy Property Bureau. In 1920, he was made Chief Secretary to Gen. Ho Feng-Lin, Military Governor for Sunkiang and Shanghai, and has held that office up to the present. For some time in 1922, he was also director of the Telegraph Material Supply Depaitment, Shanghai, and Advisor to the Ministry of Communications. Aside from his official capacities, Judge Loh is vice-president of the American Re- turned Students' Club, Shanghai member of the Board of Trustees of Futa'n University, and a member of the Chinese and Foreign Famine Relief Com- mittee.
JH
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
579
Mr. Lu Tsung-yu
Mr. Lu Tsung-yu was born at Hai-ning Hsien, Chekiang Province, in 1875. He graduated from the Waseda University, -Japan. In 1905 Mr. Lu attended the Imperial Examination for returned students and obtained the ^legree of Chu- jen. He was subsequently made an expectant secretary of the Grand Secretariat or State Department. In August 1905 the Imperial government sent five high officials, Prince Tsai Tse, Tai Hung-tze, Hsu Shih-ch'ang, Tuan Fang and Shao Ying, on a m'ssion to study the constitu- tional conditions of the different foreign nations. Mr. Lu was with the mission as Second Class Councillor. Upon the return of the mission to Peking in September 1906, Mr. Lu was appointed a Junior Secretary of the Board of Police. When Hsu Shih-ch'ang- became Viceroy of Manchuria
580 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
in May 1907, he took Mr. Lu with him. While in Manchuria Mr. Lu was first Director of the Manchuria Salt Bureau and later its Director-General. He stayed there until March 1919 when he returned to Peking with Viceroy Hsu who was then appoirtted President of the Board of Communications. In 1909 Mr. Lu received two appointments, ais a Mentber of the Constitu- tional Laws Investigation and Compilation Bureau and Chief Inspector of the Bank of Communications. From the latter mentioned position he was soon promoted to be vice-president of the Bank, For a time he was a Councillor of the Board of Finance. Lu Tsung-yu, director of the Chinese- Japanese Exchange Bank is a native of Haining-hsien, Chekiang. He is partly responsible for the Japanese loans which China concluded in 1917 and 1918. During the Tsing dynasty, Mr. Lu received the second literary degree through public examinations. Upon receipt of the degree, he went to Japan to pursue a short course, in political science. Through his abil- ity in entertaining officials of the hour, Mr. Lu received quick promotions. Before long he became Assistant Proctor in the Government Council. In the summer 1910 Mr. Lu was appointed by an Imperial Edict a Member of the Imperial Advisory Council which had been established in January 1907 at the suggestion of the aforementioned missioit. He was still holding the 1909 appointments!. In 1911, before the outbreak of the First Revoliution, Mr. Lu was appointed Chieff of the Bureau of Printing and Engraving in the Cabinet. In January 1912 before the abdication of the Manchu Throne he was appointed by Prime M,inister Yuan Shih-kai the Junior General Secretary of the Board of Finance. In March 1912 Yuan Shih-kai, who had just been elected President of the Republic by the National Council at Nanking, appointed Mr. Lu the Vice-Director of the Board of Finance which later changed into Ministry of Finance. In September 1912 Mr. Lu was appointed Financial Advisor to the President. In 1913 he was elected a Senator of the First National Assembly which was formally inaugurated in Peking in April that year. In Decv^mber 1913 he was appointed Chinese Minister Plenipotentiary to Japan. The significance of this appointment was generally believed to be that President Yuan sent him to Japan to work for the recognition of the monarchical government of China. He was considered one of the important officials of the monarchical movement of Yuan Shih-kai. Yuan Shih-kai died on June 6, 1916. Mr. Lu tendered his resignation from the Ministership ion June 30, 1916. He remained in Japan for some time and returned to China. Shortly afterwards he became interested in Chinese-Japanese co-operation in the industrial development of China. He was accountable for the formation of the Chinese-Japanese Exchange Bank, of which he was appointed a Chinese director. It is believed that the bank does not have any Chinese capital. As a director of the bank, Lu Tsung-yu has contracted many loans from Japan for the Chinese militarists in the North. Through his Japanese influence, he was a;ppointed in 1919 director of several Chihli mines.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
581
General Lu Yung-bsiang
582
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Lu Yung-hsiang was born at Tsi-yang Hsien, Shantung Province, in 1867. He joined the Shanhaikuan Military Academy in 1887 and graduated from it in 1891. General Lu joined the army after grad- uation and worked his way up. On account of his bravery he soon became known as an able infantry commander in the Peiyang Army. From the rank of Tsung-ping or Brigade General to that of Ti-tu or Provincial Com- mander-in-Chief. Next promotion ranked him as Fu Tu-tung or Manchu General. General Lu held at different times the following positions under the Ching regime: Assistant Commander of the Right Wing of the Shantung Troops; Commander of several Regiments of left Division of the Peiyang Troops; Infantry Commander of the 11th Brigade of the Im- perial Army; Commander-in-Chief of the 5th Brigade of the Imperial Army. In 1911 General Lu became Commander of the 5th Mixed Brigade with the rank of a Major-General. When the First Revolution broke out in October that year, his soldiers fought bravely on the side of Imperialists at Nang Tzu Kuan, the month of Shansi, on the Cheng Tai Railway. In 1912 Pre- sident Yuan Shih-kai promoted General Lu to be a Lieutenant Gener'al and was soon appointed Commander of the 20th Division of the National Army. In 1914 General Lu was Itran'sf erred to be Commander of the 10th Division. During that period he was conferred the Fourth Order of Merit and the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. In December 1915 he was appointed Assistant Defence Commissioner of Shanghai and Woosung while General Yang was the Principal Commissioner. In January 1917 General Yang became Tuchun of Chekiang and General Lu was promoted Defence Commissioner of Shanghai and Woosung still commanding the 10th Division.. He was concurrently Co-Director of the Military Affairs of Kiangsu. In July 1917 General Chang Hsun effected a monarchical rest- oration and the new imperial government appointed General Lu the Military Commander-in-Chief of Kiangnan, south of the Yangtze. During 1918-19 General Lu's soldiers were totally engaged in the construction of the macadamized road from Shanghai to Woosung. In August 1919 he was appointed to be concurrently the Tuchun of Chekiang, to succeed General Yang Shan-te who had died at Hangchow. The post of Military Commis- sioner of Shanghai and Woosung was not relieved until July 1920 when General Ho Feng-lin was appointed to that post and he himself became the Tuchun of Chekiang. In March 1920 General Lu was awarded the First Order of Merit and in October 1920 the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In January 1922 he was made a Full General. In June 1922 General Lu severed his connection with the Peking government by abolishing the Tuchun system and declaring himself the Director of Military Affairs of Chekiang. Up to September 1924, he was the only Anfu General who managed to retain his post following the collapse of the Anfu party in 1920. As a result of the Civil War which began in September 1924, Marshal Lu was finally defeated after what was considered to be the most serioua fighting which has taken place in China since the Revolution. The Chihli forces launched their attack on Marshal Lu both from the North along the Shanghai-Nanking Railway and the South from Fukien province. Marshal Lu first retreated from Hangchow to Shanghai and after a strong stand at
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 583
Shanghai was forced to retire and go to Japan. Following the defeat of the Chihli party in the North Marshal Lu returned to China by way of Mukden where he received support from Marshal Chang Tso-lin and finally was appointed Tuchun of Kiangsu province with headquarters in Nanking, where he is now stationed.
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584
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Lun Wan-sheung
(Lun Yun-h«iang)
Mr. Lun Wan-sheung, chief engineer of the Canton Municipality, was born at Canton in 1884. Mr. Lun went to the United Kingdom for nine years and studied at the Victoria University in Edinburgh, where he grad- uated in 1914, after undergoing the full course of eng^ineering.. After graduation, he was for more than three years in the various departments of the Edinburgh Municipality. At the same time he studied the police and the detective system of the United Kingdom in the Police force of Edinburgh and Soctland Yard, the most famous detective office in the world. In 191G, when Mr. Lun returned to China, he joined the Public Works Department as engineer to the commissioner of Police of Kwangtung'. In 1917, as soon as the Canton Municipality was established, Mr. Lun became
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 585
the englneer-in-chief of this office. In March, 1920, he was also made engineer-in-chief of the Military Roads Bureau of Kwangtung, of which the Military Governor is the director-general. Since Mr. Lun took up his position in the Canton Municipality, he has pulled down about sev'en miles of the city walls and constructed more than sixteen miles of modern roads of the various width from 80 to 150 feet. He has also opened several gardens, and modern markets. He is now preparing his second plan of reform work which involves more than thirty miles of modern roads.
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586
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Ma Fu-hsiang
H Mh # ^ ^ •'f General Ma Fu-hsiang was born at Tao-ho Hsien, Kansu province. He was a Provincial Graduate in military science, having successfully passed the provincial examinations. The highest position General Ma held under the Ching regime was that of Brigade-General at Palikun, New Dominion. In July-August 1912, Genera! Ma was Acting Chief Executive Officer at Ko- konor. In October 1912 he was appointed Commander of the Guards Division stationed at Altai. In September 1913 Geneial Ma was appointed Deputy Military Commissioner of Ninghsia, Kansu Province. Subsequently he was made a Lieutenant General. In May 1917 General Ma was awarded the Third Order of Merit; in July 1919, the First Class Tashou Chiaho; and in October 1920, the Second Order of Merit. In December 192J General Ma was appointed Tutung or Governor of the Suiyuan Special Area. In July 1922 General Ma was made a Chiangchun with the special title "Hsiang Wu"; and in October 1922 he was given the First Class Tashou Pao- kuang Chiaho Decoration.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
587
Dr. Ma Chun-wu
M, ^ -P S ^ (Ma Ho)
Dr. Ma Chun-wu was born at Kueiling, Kuangsi province, in 1891. After receiving his Chinese education, he went to Japan and studied in the Kyoto Imperial University from which he graduated in 1906. From Japan Dr. Ma went to Germany and entered "Die Kaiserlische Technische Hochschule zu Berlin." From this University he obtained in 1910 the degree of "Diplom Ingenieur" and in 1915 that of "Doktor Ingenieur"
588 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
through an essay on "Vergleicheude untersuchung uber die phyS'kalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der chinesischen und iapanischen Seiden." In the winter 1911 Dr. Ma was elected by the Provincial Assembly of Kuangsi as representative to Nanking to draft the Provisional Constitution. In January 1912 President Sun Yat-sen appointed him Vice-Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, which post he held until the government was moved to Peking in April of same year. In February 1913 Dr. Ma was elected by the Kuangsi Provincial Assembly as a senator to the Peking parliament, as a iKuomingtang member. His party was proscribed by Yuan Shih-kai as a seditious organization and all members of the two Houses belonging to this Party were unseated in November 1913. The Parliament was dissolved in January 1914. The First Parliament enjoyed another year of life in Peking after the death of Yuan Shih-kai in June 1916, but was again dissolved in June 1917. Dr. Ma remained in Peking as Senator for a part of this period, and in 1918 he was appointed by the Constitutional government, headed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, as the Minister of Communications. From 1918 to 1920 he worked at the Canton Arsenal as Chief Chemical Engineer. In December 1920 Dr. Sun Yat-sen returned to Canton again with the late Dr. Wu Ting-fang and Tang Shao-i and Dr. Ma was ap- pointed Chief Secretary of the government. In July 1921 he was appointed Civil Governor of Kuangsi which position he held until December 1922. Since his retirement from Kuangsi, he has been interesting himself in farm- ing. In October 1922 he received from President Li Yuan Hung the First Order of Tashou Chiao. Dr. Ma has translated a large number of books into Chinese among which are Charles Darwin's Origin of Species, John S. Mill's On Liberty, Herbert Spencer's Principles of Sociology, Ernst Haeckel's Die Weltraetzel, Eugen von Philippovich's Volkwritschafts politik, J. J. Rousseau's Du Contrat Social, Prof. Kiepert's Differential Equations, Todhunter's Trigonometry, ' West- worth's Plans & Solid Geometry, Prof. Remsen's Elements of Chemistry, and Elements of Organic Chemistry, Dr. Hussak's Mineralogie, Lanenstein's Mechanik. In addition Dr. Ma has also written many books among which the following are specially noted: Text- book of Zoology, Textbook of Botany, German-Chinese Dictionary, Poetical Works. All the above works, translated as well as written, were published either by the Commercial Press or the Chun Hwa Book Company of Shanghai.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
589
Mr. Ma Hsiao-chin
Mr. Ma Hsiao-chin was born at Tai-shan Hsien, Kuangtung Province, in 1887. He was a Province Graduate in the Ching regime. Mr. Ma studied in the following schools: School of Political Science, Canton; St. Stephen's College, Hongkong; Columbia University and New York University, U. S. A. Mr. Ma was a prominent member of the revolutionary party Tung. Ming Hui, and played important roles in its activities prior to the estab- lishm.ent of the Republic. In January 1912 the Nanking Provincial govern- ment awarded Mr. Ma an Order of Merit. In 1913 Mr. Ma was elected a member of the Lower House of the First Parliament which was convoked in Peking in April 1913 and dissolved by Yuan Shih-kai in January 1914.
590 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
He was a Kuomingtang member in Parliament. Besides being on the Foreign Affairs and the Finance Committees of the House, he was also a member of the Constitution Drafting Commission. After the dissolution of Parliament and the overthrow of the Second Revolution, Mr. Ma severed his connection with the Kuomingtang. Subsequently he became a Secretary to President Yuan. Later he was appointed Secretary of the Ministry of Finance and still later a co-director of the Customs Administration. Mr. Ma returned to Parliament again when it was reconvoked in 1916 subse- quent to the death of Yuan Shih-kai. After its second dissolution in June 1917, Mr. Ma returned to Kuangtung and became a member of the Extraordin- ary Parliament which was convoked at Canton in August 1917. While at Canton Mr. Ma also held the position of Councellor to the Generalissimo and also to the Tuchun of Kuangtung. For a time Mr. Ma kept himself away from politics and took interest in educational work, being Dean of St, Stephen's College, and Professor of St. Paul's College. The First Par- liament being reconvoked in July 1922, Mr. Ma returned to Peking and became an M. P. again, and still continues as such. The highest decora- tions Mr. Ma has been awarded are the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho (April 1923) and the Third Class Wenfu (May 1923). During the past ten years, aside from his holding offices, Mr. Ma has been contributing editor and special correspondent of several papers and periodicals, in China and in foreign countries. Being a scholar in Chinese classics and also a poet, Mr. Ma has made a large number of contributions to the literary world. He is the author of "The Diary of a Traveler," "A Short History of World Literature," "Poems and Essays by Hsiao-Chin," "How to Im- prove China's Tea Industry," "How to Improve Chinese Cotton," "On Woman Suffrage," "Constitutional Freedom," "General Outline of Law," etc.
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Mr. Ma Soo was born in 1883 at Shanghai. He first studied in the regular Confucian school and then attended St. -Joseph's College at Hongkong where he stayed until he had passed the examination for the Oxford senior. He went to Canton to teach and after staying there for a while returned to Shanghai to became Professor, of History at the Nan- yang College. He taught at that College for two years. He joined Dr. Sun Yat-sen in 1911 as his private secretary at Shanghai. He took part in the attack on the Kiangnan Arsenal with Chen Chi-mei during the First Revolution. After the revolution, he accompanied Dr. Sun Yat-sen to Nanking in the capacity of English Secretary. In 1912 he started the China Republican, an English daily paper, at Shanghai. The paper was closed by the authorities of the French Concession on November 6, 1913,
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on account of its extreme views on politics. In 1914 he went to London and studied at the School of Economics and Political Science of the London University. In 1915 he went to New Yoik and studied at Columbia and New York universities. He studied in these two universities until 1919 when the degree of M. A. was awarded him. He specialized in philosophy. While studying in New York, he lectured on Chinese arts. He is now at the head of the Kuo Ming Tang in America, Canada and Mexico. Shortly before returning to China in August 1920 he held a Kuo Ming Tang Conference in Philadephia which was attended by delegates from all over the United States. At the Washington Conference in 1921- 22, Mr. Ma Soo served as a special delegate appointed by the Kuomingtang in South China, and maintained an office in Washington during the course of the Conference, where he exercised considerable influence on course of events at that meeting. Mr. Ma Soo also ; edited a magazine devoted tq Chinese interests in New York known as the China Review, which had a considerable circulation both among Chinese and Americans interested in China, In the fall of 1924, he returned to China, and delivered a number of addresses in opposition to the radical elements which were trying, to swing the Kuomingtang party in favor of communism. Mr. Ma Soo is now residing in Shanghai.
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Dr. Ma Yin-ch'u
Dr. Ma Yin-ch'u was born at Ch'eng Hsien, Chekiang Province, in 1884. After having studied at Peiyang University, Tientsin, he went to America with government support to pursue higher education. He was in America studying for nine years. The first school Dr. Ma attended in America was Yale University where he graduated in 1910 with the degree of B. A. Then he was admitted to the Columbia University to do research work on Political Economy and there obtained the degree of M .A., and also that of Ph. D. Following his graduation from Columbia, Dr. Ma spent two
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years at the Department of Commerce in the University of New York. During this period of time he devoted himself to the study of high ac- countancy and statistics and finally wrote a book entitled The Finances of the City of New York. Dr. Ma returned to China in 1915, when he became a Professor of Economy in the Peking Government Univiersity. Later he was given the Chair of the Department of Economy. Subse- quently the university underwent a reorganization and Dr. Ma was appointed Dean of the University. In 1920 Dr. Ma left Peking for Shang- hai where he took up the advisorship to the National Comtnercial Bank, and at the same time played an important part in the founding and organization of the Department of Commerce at Shanghai under the South- Eastern University, Nanking. In 1922 Dr. Ma returned to Peking to become the Chief of the Issue Department of the Bank of China in its head office. At the same time he again accepted the professtorship in the Department of Economy of the Peking Government Universitly. These positions Dr. Ma still holds. Dr. Ma has been spending his leisure' time in writing books, giving lectures and making study on economic sciences in general and on Chinese financial problems in particular. The first volume of his lectures has been lately published.
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595
Mr. M. Y. San
,S 3E 111 ^ 5 OJ (Ma Yu-san)
Mr. M. Y. San was born at Hsiang Shan Hsien Kuangtung province, in 1878. He became a merchant abroad while still a youth. In the Philippine Islands, Mr. M. Y. San established a confectionery and biscuit factory, and made rapid success, in his business. After the establishment of the Re- public in 1912, Mr. M. Y. San returned to Canton. He extended his con- fectionery business by establishing a central factory at Hongkong, regis- tering with the Hongkong government, increasing the capital to three million dollars. Subsequently he put up a special factory to make
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sweetened gingeirs and also a glass factory at Hongkong. Soon afterwards, Mr. M. Y. San opened his head office in a building in Nanking Road, Shanghai. With this place as his headquarters and with branches all over China and the South Sea Islands, he carried on export business on an extensive scale. In 1921 he promoted the China National Sugar Refining Company for which a capital of ten million dollars was subscribed. The Chinese government granted tax exemption on the products of that com- pany for a period of ten years. The factory is situated at Woosung, near Shanghai. In 1922 Mr. M. Y. San made a round-the-world trip to investigate sugar production in the different countries. He was also on a government mission to study the industrial conditions of the various nations. During his trip, he personally inspected all the leading factories of Great Britain, the United States, Germany, France, Japan, Switzerland, Holland, and the South Sea Islands. Mr. M. Y. San is at present president of the M. Y. San Confectionery and Biscuit Manufacturing Company, as well as of the China National Sugar Refining Co.
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597
Mr. T. H. Mai
(Mai Tso-heng) Mr. T. H. Mai was born in Canton in 1895. From 1902 to 1908, he. studied at home, and then entered the Kwangtung school, Peking, for two years. The following year, he studied at the preparatory school of the College of Finance, Peking, and then studied at Tsing Hua College from 1911 to 1917. Going to the United States, he received an A. B. degree from Beloit College, Wisconsin, in 1919, and was a graduate student at Columbia University during 1919-20. After several months experience in the Harriman National Bank in New York, he returned to China in 1921, and shortly secured a "position as assistant manager of the Hankow branch of the Industrial and Commercial Bank. He was soon transferred to Hong- kong in a similar capacity and rose to manager of the Hongkong branch in 1922, at the same time occupying the assistant managership of the Fu Tien Bank. In 1923, he was promoted to the assistant general managership of the Industrial and Commercial Bank.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Thomson Eason Mao
^ ^U # * Jg E (Mao I-eheng)
Dr. Thomson E. Mao was born at Chinkiang, Kiangsu Province, in 1896. He received his middle-school education in Shanghai. In 1910 Dr. Mao entered the Tangshan Engineering College, Tangshan, taking civil engine- ering courses. From that institution he graduated in 1916. Immediately after his graduation from Tangshan, Dr. Mao went to America. He obtained the degree of M. C. E., from the Cornell University in 1917; served as engineer with McClintic, Marshal Construction Company, Pittsburgh, 1917- 18, and was given the degree of Doctor of Engineering by the Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, in 1920. He is the first Chinese receiving this degree, his thesis being "Secondary Stresses in Bridge' Trusses." Dr. Mao returned to China in 1917. He served as Professor of
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Bridge Engineering and engineering management, Tangshan Engineering College, Tangshan, 1917-18; in 1921 the Ministry of Communications established the Communications University (Chiao Tung University) by amalgamating the three colleges which had been maintained by the Minis- try, the Tangshan Engineering College, the Shanghai Nanyang Collegfe, and the Peking College of Communications. Dr. Mao was appointed assistant principal and head of Civil Engineering Department, of the Tangshan College of the Chiao Tung University. In 1922 Dr. Mao left Tangshan and became Dean of College of Engineering, National Southeastern University, Nanking. In the summer of 1924 the College of Engineering of the South- eastern University was temporary suspended on account of lack of funds. In July 1924 Dr. Mao became president of the Conservancy Engineering College, Nanking. Dr. Mao is chairman of the Committee on Joint Administration of Kiangsu Education and Industry, Nanking. He has been awarded the honorable Fuertes Medal for Original Research by Cornell University. He is a member of the Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education, U.S.A., of the Chinese Engineering Society; and of the Chinese Science Society. He is the author of many articles on Bridge Engineering in America in Engineering periodicals.
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Mr. Fu Hung-chun
Mr. Pu Hung-chun, popularly known as Pu Yoong-ding, was the winner of the first prize in a competition announced by the Chma Weekly Review during 1924 for a "Most Practical Peace Plan for China."
Mx. Fu was born at the town of Li-li in Kiangsu Province and is 50 years of age. ' He received his education under several noted scholars, including Chang Yi-ling, secretary to the late Yuan Shih-k'ai. In 1903 he received his bachelor's degree at the annual examinations of his native Li-li Magistracy and in 1906 he organized the Jen Primary School in his native village. In recognition of his educational work he was electetl chairman of the Li-Li Educational Asyociation in 1913 when he held con- currently the office of the principal of the First High School in Li-Li and of the head of the Third Primary School of the same place.
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In 1914, he was appointed principal of the First Kuo Ming School of Kiangsu, for which work he was awarded the third Class Chia Hsing Medal by Governor Han Kuo-chun of the province. In 1915, he was elected chairman of the Li-Li Educational Research Association and in 1918 he served as Eiducational Commissioner for the same district receiving the gold medal of the Wukiang Magistracy in the following year. In 1921, he became chairman of the council of the Wukiang Educational Association, but resigned his position to become secretary to Mr. H. Y. Moh, managing director of the Cotton Goods Eu\change at Shanghai, when the exchange opened in 1921. He is still serving in this position.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Howard S. Moy
W ^ M
(Mei Ying-fu)
Mr. Howard S. Moy is & native of Kwangtung Province. He went to America in 1898 and received most of his education there. He traveled in Europe in 1906 with Kang Yu-wei and then returned to China where he acted as English secretary for the Jun Wah Mining Company of Kwangsi I'rovince. After his return to America he and his father became interested in a chain of restaurants and cafes in Chicago and are now prop-rietors of several enterprises of this kind, the chief one being the King Joy Lo of Chicago, which was established fifteen years ago largely through the etforts of Mr. Kang Yu-wei. It is in banking, however, that Mr. Moy has become identified with the larger business interests of the Chicago district. He is assistant manager of the foreign department of the Gi^eat Lakes Trust Company of Chicago, an institution which was organized in 1919. This was ~the first bank to be organized in Amierica that catered to Chinese
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investors in the United States and has done a great deal to induce the Chinese merchants of America to make investments in America rather than send their surplus funds back of China. The bank has connections in China and is now developing an ambitious banking scheme for both China and New York City. The president of the bank is Harry H. Merrick, fomerly of Armour and Company, and now president of the Mississippi Valley Associa- tion and former president of the Chicago Association of Commerce. Mr. Merrick is one of the leading business men of the Central Western part of America and is an important factor in the development of Americ;an trade in China. Mr. Moy was one of the organizers of the Chinese' Industrial and Commercial Association of Chicago, an organization which includes t he leading Chinese business men of that section. It is affiliated with the Chicago Association of Commerce. There are approximately 5,000 Chinese in the Chicago district and they are said to own more than G. $20,000,000 worth of real estate, chiefly business property in the city of Chicago. They are actively woi king to make Chicago the center of Chinese- American trade and are an active factor in encouraging the American man- ufacturers in the Chicago and Mississippi Valley territory to extend their selling organizations to China. Mr. Moy's father, Moy Wah June has been president of the Chicago Chinese organization since its founding early in 1919.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Meng En-yuan
General Meng En-yuan was born at Tientsin, in 1855. In his youth he was very poor and was an ordinary trader. He had no opportunity of receiving any education. He is illiterate and used very often to tell his friends that he only learned four Chinese characters in his life-time, namely Meng, En, Yuan (His name) and Ha (Tiger). Whenever there was any ;of- ficial document for his signature, he simply signed on it the word "Hu." In consequence he has been called by his friends "Hu Chiang-chun" or Tiger General. At the age of about twenty, tired of his un-intere6t?ing life, General Meng enlisted himself in the army and well liked his new career. Gradual promotions followed. In a few years he was appointed Commander of a 'Section of the Patrol Force of Chihli. Later he became Commander of a Company of the Force and finally was promoted to be Commander of the Force. In 1908 Geoieral Meng became director of the
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Kirin Patrol Force, upon the establishment of the Republic, he was appointed Division Commander of the Twenty-Third Division with his headquarters at Kirin. In November 1912 he was given the office of Deputy Military Com- missioner Kirin. In June 1914 the Central government awarded, General Meng the rank of Chenan Chiang-chun and ordered him to superint- end the military affairs of Kirin. In July 1916 General Meng was appointed Tuchun or military governor of Kirin. In July 1917, when General Chang Hsun's monarchical movement was launched, he was in Peking attending a military conference. By an edict, Emperor Hsun Tung ordered him to be Governor of Kirin. Union /the overthrow of Chang Hsun's attempt, he secretly returned to Kirin to resume his old office. Subsequently the Peking government tried to remove General Meng from office. In anti- cipation of its intention to remove their chief, some of General Meng's followers stationed from Kirin to Changchun declared independence of Peking. General Chang Tso-ling, military governor of Fengtien, mobilized his troops in position to fight them upon the order of the Central govern- ment. It was at the time when Peking got itself ready to fight the South and needed all available troops, having no desire to have any dissension in its own camp. The proposal to dismiss General Meng from the Tuchunship of Kirin was finally given up. In 1919 General Meng failed to agree with General Chang Tso-ling, military governor of Fengtien, and also Inspecting Commissioner of the Three Eastern Provinces, over the appointment of a protegee of the latter to be the civil governor of Kirin. As General Chang is virtually higher than General Meng in official rank, he succeeded in having the latter dismissed in July 1919. The compensation for the dis- misal was found in his being appointed a Chiangchun with a special title "Hui Wei." General Meng was awarded the Third Order of Merit in January 1920 and First Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration in October 1920. General 'Meng has been a resident in Tientsin, interested in many industrial enterprises.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Miu Er-cfa'ao
e W f^ ^ it J8i
Mr. Miu Er-ch'ao was born at Hsuan-cheng Hsien, Yunnan province. He was a scholar of the regular Confucian school in the Ching Dynasty possesising unusual knowledge in old Chinese classics. Upon his becoming a Pakung, he was given official appointment. Mr. Miu participated in the First Revolution, playing his part in making Kuaichow and Yunnan respond to tha revolutionary call. After the establishment of the Republic, for many years Mr. Miu was magistrate in various districts in the remote region of Kueichow Province. In 1922 General Li Keng-yuan became Minister of Agriculture and Commerce. He appointed Mr. Miu Secretary of the Ministry
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 607
in December 1922. Mr. Miu was promoted to be Director in February 1923, first in charge of the Forestry Department and later of the Sea Products and Agriculture Department. In March 1924 Mr. Miu was appointed Industrial Commissioner of the Suiyuan Special Area which position he is still holding.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Mou Lin
Mr. Mou Lin was born at Tseng-i Hsien, Kuelchow province, in 1879. He Vas a provincial graduate in the Ching Dyrtasty and received a modern education in Japan being graduated from the Normal Course of the Hung Wen Academy. After his return from Japan, Mr. Mou served as President of the Kueichow High Normal College and also of Kueiyang government Middle School. In 1909 Tzu-I-Chu (Provincial Advisory Council) came into Kueichow province. In 1910 the Tzu Chen Yuan (National Advisory Council) was convoked in Peking, Mr. Mou being elected to represent Kueichow in the Council. After the establishment of the Republic, Mr. Mou was elected Member of the Lower House of the First Parliament
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 609
which was convoked in Peking in April 1913 and dissolved by Yuan Shih- kai in January 1914. Mr. Mou played an important part in the Yunnan Revolt against Yuan Shih-kai's monarchical attempt in 1915-16. Before the Yunnan Uprising (December 25, 1915) Mr. Mou secretly went to Kuei- chow where he came into close touch with the Commanders of the Kueichow troops. These troops were afterwards engaged in actual campaigns against the Northern troops. In August 1916, after the death of Yuan Shih-kai, the First Parliament was reconvoked. Mr. Mou as an M. P. went to Peking sometime after its convocation. The second dissolution of Parliament occurred in June 1917, Mr. Mou in company with other M. P.'s went to Can- ton where in August 1917 the Extraordinary Parliament came into existence. During the period from August 1917 to October 1922 when the First Parliament was for the third time convoked in Peking, Mr. Mou was travelling through the southwestern provinces and between Canton and Shanghai doing publicity work for the constitutional cause. Since October 1922 Mr. Mou has been in Peking taking his seat in Parliament. He was awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho in October 1922 and the Second Class Wenhu in January 1923.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. H. Y. Moh
(Mu Hsiang-yueh)
Mr. H. Y. Moh was born at Shanghai in 1877. Between 1891 and 1898 he worked in the cotton store owned by his father. Mr. Moh attended school from 1898 to 1900. From 1900 to 1905 he served as a clerk in the Shanghai Maritime Customs. In 1906 he became supervisor as well as English instructor at the Loong Meng Normal School Shanghai. Early in 1907, he was sent, by the directors of the Kiangsu Railway Company to investigate the railway police system in Northern and Central China. In the same year, he was made Chief of the Police Department of the company. This position he held till the end of 1908. In 1909, Mr. Moh sailed for the United States and entered the University of Wisconsin, where he stayed till 1911. Then he transferred his studies to the University of Illinois, where he completed
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 611
his course in agriculture and took the degree of B. S. in 1911. During the summer of 1911 he took a special course on soap making in Armour In- stitute, Chicago; thence he went to the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, College Station, Texas, where he studied cotton planting and manufacturing. The degree of M. S. was awarded him by the college in 1914. Immediately following his return to China in 1914 Mr. Moh con- ducted a campaign for the establishment of a cotton mill. Assisted by his brother, Mr. Moh Su-chai, a well-known cotton expert, Mr. Moh succeeded in raising $200,000 and put his mill into operation in June 1915. In 1914, Mr. Moh inaugurated a cotton experiment station named after him, where American seeds were acclimated and freely dis- tributed among the farmers. Mr. Moh's station was the first one that introduced American varieties with satisfactory results. To encourage the farmers to plant Amejrican seed, he established at his own expense in 1918 on Lay Road, Shanghai, a cotton ginnery with American saw gins. Recognizing his technical knowledge and managing ability, a group of wealthy Chinese in 1916 ask^d Mr. Moh to organize for them another huge cotton mill, the Huo Sang Cotton Mill. It had a captalization of one million two hundred thousand taels, but since it started oper- ation in June 1918 the paid-up capital has increased to two milli'on taels. This mill 'being in the interior is able to render very effective service to the public. Mr. Moh wrote in 1914 a book entitled Simpi'e Remarks on Cotton Improvement over 30,000 copies of which have been distributed throughout China. He also translated Dr. F. W. Taylor's, The Principles of Scientific Management in 1915, and Mrs. W. A. Graham Clark's, Cotton Goods in Japan, in 1916. In the autumn of 1919 Mr. Moh represented China in the Pacific Commercial Conference held at Honolulu. In October 1923 he was Chief Chinese Delegate to the Pan-Pacific Con- ference held at the same place. In 1920 Mr. Moh organized the Chinese Industrial Bank and the Chinese Cotton Goods Exchange, of which he is president. He has served as President of China and the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, honorary Advisor on Industry, Director of the General Chamber of Commerce of Shanghai, the Vocational School of China, chairman of the Cotton Extension and Improvement Committee of the Chinese Cotton Mill Owners' Association, President of the American Returned Stud- ents' Club, and Advisor to the Shanghai Municipal Council.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHLNA
Mr. C. C. Nieh
(NiehCh'i.chieh)
Mr. C. C. Nieh, was born in 1880 at Changsha, Hunan. His father was the late Chih-kuei, Taotai of Shanghai and Governor of Kiangsu and Chekiang Provinces. Governor Nieh, it will be remembered, was the first man in China to build iron clad ships and 12 inch guns, while acting as director of the Kiangnan Arsenal. Mr. Nieh's maternal grandfather was Marquis Tseng Kuo-fang China's famous statesman. When only two years old, Mr. Nieh was brought to Shanghai by his family. Like sons of all Chinese high officials at that time, Mr. Nieh was educated under private tutorage together with his five brothers and four sisters. Mr. Nieh pur- sued courses in engineering, electrical and chemical engineering, without
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teachers and to-day he is considered not only an officient engineer but also one of the best English speaking Chinese orators in the country. In 1904, Mr. Nieh gathered together his influential friends and purchased the Heng Foong Cotton Mill in Yangtszepoo. The mill, which had 15,000 spindles, was being run at a losis. To reorganise the plant was indeed an uphill fight, but Mr. Nieh, after persistent hard labor, succeeded in show- ing a profit on the balance sheet by the end of the sixth year of its reorganization. To-day the Heng Foong Cotton Mill is giving employment to 1,500 people and is capitalised at Tls. 1,500,000 The mill maintains ten scholar- ships in the Technical College, Nantungchow, two in France and two in the United States and a few in England. It also maintains a school within the mill, administered by two superintendents educated in Japan. Mr. Nieh was Vice-President of the Chinese Commercial Commission to the United States in 1915 as a return visit to the Pacific Commercial Commission. Durin;g his visit in America, he extended an invitation to most of the cotton experts he met to visit China and give her their technical advic'es. Ais a result of his efforts, several of them actually visited China, among them was Mr. Griffin. For the work of improving Chinese cotton industry, Mr. Nieh initated the idea of securing the co-operation of the agricultural depart- ment of the University of Nanking. Mr. Nieh has been interested in many other cotton mills such as the Dah Sung of Nantungchow, the Dah Sung of Chungming Inland, and the Anglo-Chinese Cotton Mill of Shanghai. His relation to them has been established through his being either their pro- moter or their director. He is also a Committee man of the Cotton Mill Owners' Association organized by foreigners, in Shanghai. In 1918 Mr. Nieh organized the Chinese Cotton Mill Owners' Association in Shanghai and was made its first President, and was responsible for the organization of the Cotton Improvement Committee. In 1919 he organized the Great China Cotton Mill of which he is still the general manager. Mr. Nieh is an ardent advocate for the establishment of Vocational Educational Schools and was one of the founders of the Vocational Educational School, West Gate, which has proved to bei a great success, attracting students from all parts of the country. In 1920 Mr. Nieh organized a larger school of the same nature. It was equipped with a complete cotton mill, foundry and workship. He became a southern Methodist in 1914 together with Mrs. Nieh. Mr. Nieh has been connected with the Y, M. C. A. for about 18 years, serving on various committees and as director for the last eight years. He is also treasurer- director of the National Committee, Y. M. C. A. Among other offices, Mr. Nieh holds the presidency of the Chinese Cotton Mill Owners' Association. He was first chairman of the Society for Con- structive Endeavor and a member of the A. B. C. Club. He is also a Member of the Chinese Advisory Council, the medium between the Chinese rate-payers and the Municipal authorities in Shanghai. Mr. Nieh tran- slated a book on telegraphy in 1901. Mr. Nieh was awarded by the Peking government the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho in February 1920. He was appointed in January 1923 a Member of the Commission for the Raising of Educational Sinking Funds.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Nieh Hsien-fan
Genera) Nieh Hsien-fan was born at He-fei Hsien, Anliui province, in 1880. He is the second son of the late General Nieh Shih-oheng, Military Commander-in-Chief of Chihli and Director-General of Huai Chun and other Imperial government troops, who died in the Sino-Japanese War. On account of his father's distinguished service, the Imperial Ching government awarded General Nieh Hsien-fan the rank of Prefect. Later he was promoted to the rank of Taotai. General Nieh received militiarjr education at the Chun-Wu Academy, Japan, in the same class with the late General Tsai Ao, the hero of the Yunnan Uprising against Yuan Shih-kai. After his return from Japan, General Nieh served under the Ching regime as Co-Director of Chihli Ying-Wu-Chu (Provost-guard); Director of the Staff Officers' Department and also of the Ammunition and Commissary Department of the Headquarters of the Metropolitan Defence Troops; Director of the Shantung Ying Wu Chu; Commander-in-Chief of Shantun-g Patrol Forces; Taotai at several circuits in Shantung; Judicial Commis- sioner of Shantung; Salt Commissioner of Shantung; Brigade-General at
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 615
Teng Chow, Shantung. In June 1912 the Republican government appointed General Nieh Acting Brigade-General of the Tengchow area of Shantung which position he held until August 1913 when this post was changed to Defence Commissioner of the Chefoo Area and he was appointed to this new office. Subsequently General Nieh was made a Lieutenant General. In December 1919 he was appointed Civil Governor of Anhui. In December 1920 he was conferred the First Class Tashou Chiaho. In August 1921 he was relieved, of the Civil Governorship. In May 1922 General Nieh was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Metropolitan Gendarmerie which position he is still holding. In June 1922 he was given two concurrent positions, namely, Directorship of the Bureau of Government Properties in the Metropolitan Area and Officer in Charge of the Amunnitions for the Body-Guards of the Ching family. In October 1922 Geaeral Nieh was made a Chiangchun with special title "Hsien Wei". In November 1922, the First Class Wenhu Decoration was awarded him and in February 1923 he was given the brevet rank of Full General. In November 1923 he was made a Full General.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Nieh Chung-hsi
(Nieh Tsung«hsi)
Mr. Nieh Chung-hsi was barn at Luho Hsien, Anhwei province, in 1877, and was educated under the old Imperial system. Under the Manchu regime he served as a prefect in Kiangsu province and for a time was connected with the Bureau of Sea Defence at Shanghai. For the past eighteen years he has served as a magistrate of the Mixed Court of the French Concession at Shanghai. He has received decorations from both the Chinese and French governments.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
617
Ma. Niu Chuan-shan
M ^ # ^ 7C f 6
Mr. Niu Chuan-hsan, was born in Kiukiang, Kiangsi, in 1875. He received his early education in Japan. He started early in government service under the Manchu regime as magistrate of Tehyang, Huayang. Mienning and Chungking in Szechuen province. While serving as Prefect of the Chungking Prefecture, in the days of Emperor Kwang Hsu, he was considered the most brilliant among his colleagues in handling intricate cases by Governors Chao Erh-shun and Hsi Liang of Szechuan, whom he assisted in establishing schools, industrial enterprises, police systems and self-government. Mr. Niu's book on the constitutional government of pre- fectures and cities was recommended for Imperial perusal and thus enjoyed nation wide publicity. Through the recommendation of Lord Li Ching- hsi, then Viceroy of Yunnan and Kweichow, Mr. Niu was appointed Prefect
618 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
of the Li Kiang Prefecture. But before departure for his post in 1911, the revolution broke out and he remained in his position as Taotai of East Szechuen with full military and police power within his own territory. He was one of the first to declare independence from the Imperial government and maintained peace and order within his jurisdiction. From January 1913 to November 1913 Mr. Niu was Customs Superintedent of Kiukiang, Kiangsi Province. From August to November, 1913, he was also holding the post of the Civil Commissioner of the Northern Kiangsi. During the Second Revolution in 1913, there was clash between Li Shun, then Tutu of Kiangsi, and Li Lieh-chun, the revolutionary leader, and Kiangsi was left without an administrative head. Mr. Niu remained as active chief of the province for some considerable time. In February 1914 Mr. Niu was ap- pointed Acting Civil Commissioner of the Central Shensi which position he held until April 1914 when he was appointed Acting Chief of the National Taxation Bureau of Shensi and also Acting Financial Commissioner. In May 1914 the two offices were amalgamated into the Bureau of Finance with Mr. Niu becoming its Chief. From July to October, 1914, he was Acting Civil Governor of Shensi. He was officially relieved of the finance post in December 1914. While he was the Civil Governor of Shensi, the Military Governor, General Lu Chien-chang, was profiting himself through encouraging opium traffic and poppy plantation throughout Shensi Province. This ■ action drew much favorable comment. In July 1915 Mr. Niu was appointed Acting Vice-Minister of Finance. Subsequently the Bureau of Wine and Tobacco Monopoly was created and Niu be- came its first Director-General. All the regulations of the Bureau and its organizations were perfected by Mr. Niu personally. Within half a year tjhe entire system of taxing wine and tobacco was operating smoothly throughout the country ; and the yearly revenue of the nation was increased by several tens of millions of dollars. It was Mr. Niu's plan to make both wine and tobacco government monoplies. He started a Wine and Tobacco Bank in Peking to facilitate financial arrangements and was to establish a tobacco leaf factory in Shanghai to compete with imported leaves. In accordance with his scheme, Mr. Niu hoped to increase the revenue of his department to the extent of the salt revenue within ten years. 'But after three years' of service, he was relieved. In June 1921 Mr. Niu was again appointed Vice-Minister of Finance.. He resigned in November 1921 be- cause he saw no chance of carrying out his own plan. Mr. Niu is at present engaged in industrial enterprises, refusing to be entangled in political activities.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
619
Dr. Way-Sung New
f^ 15 ^
(Niu Hui-sheng)
Dr. Way-Sung New was born in Shanghai on June 14 1892, being a aonof the late Shang-Chow New, who was one of the early Chinese students sent to America and upon his return was the secretary of the Kiangnan Dock and Engineering Works of Shanghai. Dr. New received his primary education under private auspices and attended the St. John's Middle School from 1902 to 1907. From 1907 to 1910, he studied at St. John's Univers- ity, graduating in the latter year with the B. A. degree. In July he went to the United States and entered Harvard, joining the Medical School
620 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
where he graduated with the M. D. degree in 1914. During and after his college years, Dr. New had considerable practical experience, being house physician and surgeon of St. Luke's Hospital, New Bedford, in 1914-1915. Upon returning to China in August 1915, he took charge of the ^Department of Anatomy at the Harvard Medical School of China, Shanghai, from September 1915 to July 1916 when he once more sailed for the United States as a fellow of the Rockefeller Foundation. From September 1916 to April 1917, Dr. New served at the Out-Patient Department of the Carney Hospital, Boston, Children's Hospital and the Massachusetts General Hospital as orthopedic assistant. From September 1916 to February 1917, he was also instructor in bacteriology at the Harvard Mjedical School. From May 1917 to April 1918, he became orthopedic house surgeon at .the Massachusetts General Hospital. From May to July 1918, he was orthopedic assistant of the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Then he returned to China to take charge of the department of orthopedic surgery, Peking Medical Col- lege, which offices he kept till June 1920. Dr. New was admitted to be a member of the Boylston Medical Society upon the presentation of a thesis entitled "Acute Anterior Poliomvelitis," in March 1913. He became a fellow of the American Medical Association and a member of the Massa- chusetts Medical Society in 1917 and was licensed to practice medicine by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in 1917. He was a charter member of the National Medical Association of China when the orglanisation was inaugurated ,in 1915. In the same year he was elected a meinber of the China Medical Missionary Association. He served as the secretary of the Peking Medical Society in 1919-1920, secretary of St. Jhn's Alumni As- sociation of Peking, 1919-1920, secretary-treasurer of Harvard Club of North China, 1919-1920, secretary of American JJniversity Club of North China, 1919-1920, secretary of The National Medspal Association of China, 1915-1916 and 1920-1922, treasurer of The National Medical Association of China, 1922, Councillor of the Shanghai Medical Society, 1921-1923, mem- ber of the executive committee of the China Medical Miissionary Associa- tion, 1923, secretary of St. John's Alumni Association of Shanghai, 1921- 1922, secretary-treasurer iof St. John's University Alumni advisory Council, 1922, and national secretary of the Phi Tau Phi, 1922. Dr. New is also one of the officials of the Red Cross Society of China at present, Dr. New is physician to the Shanghai College of Commerce as well as to the Chinese Institute for the Blind, orthopedic surgeon to the Red Cross Gen- eral Hospital, to the Margaret Williamson Hospital and to the Soochoiw Hospital, Medical Officer to the Yangtze River Commission, director of the Rotary Club of Shanghai, medical advisor to the Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo Railway and medical examiner for the West Coast Life Insurance Co
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
621
General P'an Chu-ying
General P'an Chu-ying was born at Tsining, Shantung Province in 1876. He received first grade military education in a military school in Shantung. In 1904 General P'an was sent to Japan by the Imperial government among the fourth group of the Chinese military students, to study in the Military Oificers' Academy in Tokyo. Upon returning to China after graduation from the Academy, General P'an joined the army and received gradual promotion. In the last days of the Manchu regime, he was Com- mander of the 20th Imperial Army Division stationed in Manchuria. After the establishment of the Republic, General P'an became Com- mander of the 20th Division of the National Army. In April 1914 he was appointed Acting Chiangchun of Suiyuan Special Area. In June the denomination of the highest officer of the special areas was changed
622 WHO'S WHO IN ACHIN
from Chiangchun to Tutung and General P'an therefore, became Acting Tutung of Suiyuan. In December 1914 this post was substantiated to him. In October 1910 General P'an was relieved of the Suiyuan post and was called to Peking whero he received military advisorship to the President. In June 1918 Marshal Tsao Kun was appointed High Military Commissioner of Szechuan, Kuangtung, Hunan and Kiangsi, for operations against the south. General P'an was appointed Chief Staff Officer to the office of the High Military Commissioner. In March 1919 General P'an was awarded the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and in November 1919 he was made a Chiangchun of the Chiangchun Fu or College of Marshals. In 1920 given the Second Class Wenfu. In July 1921 General P'an was appointed Chief of the Aeronautic Department. In February 1922 he was awarded the Fifth Order of Merit and in October 1922 the First Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration and was also made a Chiangchun with special title "Chu-wei." In November 1923 General P'an was removed from the post of Chief of the Aeronautic Department, being succeeded by General Chao Yu-k'e.
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WHO^S WHO IN CHINA
623
Mr. Chuag-Wen Pan
(P'an Chung-wen)
Mr. Chung- Wen Pan was born at Hsing-Cheng Hsien, Fengtien province, in 1896. He received his Chinese education at home under tutorship and graduated from the high primary school in his district. In 1910 Mr. Pan went to Tientsin where he entered the Tientsin Industrial College and won a full scholarship after passing successful examinations. Two years later, he was transferred to Tientsin Nan-Kai School. Upon his graduation from Nan-Kai, he applied for the competitive examination of Tsing Hua College. He was then admitted as a sophomore and was the first student that had ever been accepted by the College from the Manchurian Province. While
624 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
there, he was once editor-in-chief of a paper which was circulated around Tsing Hua Yuan and inside of Peking as well. Mr. Pan was sent to America by the College in the summer of 1919 with the tenth group of Tsing Hua graduates. He first entered Lehigh University, Beth- lelem, Pa. where he was admitted as a sophomore student in the Mining Engineering Department. A year later, he was transferred to Michgan College of Mines, from which he was graduated having specialized in Min- ing, Metallurgy, and Geology, and received his degrees of B. Sc. and E. M. Also, he received his certificate of Mining Rescue Training from the Bureau of Mines in the Department of Interior of the U. S. government. He once assisted Prof. A. E. Seaman, Michigan State Geologist, to study the various ' geological formations in both the copper and iron countries, particularly the vein phenomena along the Gold Range north of Ishpeming and the Huronian elastics and rocks in the Marquette iron-bearing district where the largest iron ore bodies of the world are found associated with the Middle Marquette series. Also, he was once surveying in Bengal Iron Mine, Iron River, and working in Champion Copper Mill, Mich; and he travelled underground from mine to mine all over the iron country together with Prof. F. W. Sperr to study the different methods of mining. He then went to New York and enrolled as a graduate student in the School of Mines, Columbia University, and was researching on Metallography for his Doctor's degree when unfortunately he was called back on account of his father's illness. Upon his return in 1923, Mr. Pan was strongly recom- mended by Dr. K. F. Sun to Governor Wang Yuang-Kiang of Fengtiiep Province and consequently appointed to be Professor of North-Eastem University ^nd also to work out a plan of establishing a first grade Mining School for the university of which the Governor himself *is the piresidenl. In the meantime, he is directing prospecting work on an undeveloped bitiuminous property in his district.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
625
Mr. P'an Fu
(P'an Fu)
Mr. Fan Fu was born at Tsinin, Shantung province, being a member of a literary and influential family. He was educated in regular Confucian school and became a Provincial Graduate when he was little over twenty. Shortly before the First Revolution Mr. Pan was for a time Industrial Taotai of Shantung. During the year 1911, he was in the Secretariat of General Cheng Teh-chuan, then Governor of Kiangsu. Upon the outbreak of the Revolution Cheng Teh-chuan was elected Tutuh of Kiangsu. Ying Teh-hung became Cheng's Chief Secretary and Mr. Pan on^ of Ying's assistants. In January 1912,, Ying Teh-hung was appointed Vice-Minister of Finance of the Nanking Provisional government. Mr. Pan was also given a position in the Ministry. In April 1912 President Yuan Shih-kai ap- pointed General Cheng Teh-chuan full Tutuh of Kiangsu. Mr. Pan was given a position of assistant secretary. In January 1913 Mr. Pan was ap- pointed Industrial Commissioner of Shantung. He held this post until
626 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
May 1914 when this office was abolished. During his tenure of office, he encouraged the industrial development of the province by various means. Under his patronage an industrial exhibition was held in June 1914, its preparation being started from October 1913. In that exhibition, the products of Shantung for the International Exhibition to be held at Panama the following year were displayed. After the close of the Exhibition, Mr. Pan devoted his time and energy to the study of the problem of improving* the Grand Canal and its tributaries in Shantung Province.. Subsequently he drafted a scheme and submitted the same to the Peking gvernment. In November 1914 he was appointed Director of the Bureau for the Preparation of Shantung Grand Canal Improvement Works. In the autumn of 1915, Mr. Pan organized the Lu Feng Cotton Mill Company in Tsinan with a total capitalization of one million dollars. Since its .organization he has been and is still its managing director. In May 1916 Mr. Pan was appointea Associate Director-General of the National Conservancy Bureau. In June 1917 he became Ac?ting Director-General of the same Bureau. As Director of that Bureau, he worked out many plans for the improvement of the rivers' in China. Shortly afterwards, he left the Bureau. In Decem- ber 1918 Mr. Pan was appointed Ajsaociate Director-General of the Grand Canal Improvement Board of which Hsiung Hsi-ing was then the Director- General. In October 1919 Mr. Pan was given the Second Class Pao- kuang Chiaho. In December 1919 he became Vice-Minisfcer of Finance, still holding the post of Associate Director of the Grand Canal Board. In May 1920 Mr. Pan was appointed to be concurrently Direct'or-Gleneral of the Grand Canal Board. In July he was ordered to act for the Minister of Finance. In August he became concurrently Chief of the Salt Administra- tion and Inspector-General of the Salt Inspectorate. In October 1920 Mr. Pan wias awarded the Fifth Order of Merit and in January 1921 the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In May 1921 Li Shih-wei was appointed Minister of Fiance, but he did not assume office and therefore, in Ju^tie 1921 Mr. Pan was again appointed Acting Minister of Finance. In October 1921 Mr. Pan was awarded the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In November 1921 he left the Ministry of Finance and the Salt Administration. Since that time he has been a resident in Tientsin.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
627
Mr. H. A. Pan
(P'an Hsieh-an)
Mr. H. A. Pan was born in 1893, at Shanghai. He received his early education from his parents and entered St. John's University, where in 1912 he received his B. A. Degree. After finishing at St. John's, he spent one year in Tsinghua College where he received a Boxer Indemnity scholarship. While waiting for his scholarship funds, he served as instructor in English in Soochow Academy for one year. In 1914 he went to America and entered the Wharton School of Commerce and Finance of the University of Pennsylvania, where he received the degrees of B. Sc, in economics in 1916 and M. A. in 1917. As a student, Mr. Pan was inclined chiefly toward literary activities, being associate editor of the Tsing Hua Alumni Annual, associate editor of the Chinese Students' Monthly
628 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
for two years, and twice First Prize winner of tlie Monthly Essay Contest. Upon his return to Shanghai in 1918, he joined the faculty of the Teacher's College at Nanking as Professor of Economics and Insurance. In 1920 he became Chinese advisor to the general manager of the American Asiatic Underwriters. Since 1921 he has been Assistant-secretary of the Asia Life Insurance Company. Absorbed in the task of building up life in- surance in China, Mr. Pan is actively interested in insurance education and is now lecturing on property and life insurance at St. John's Univers- ity in Shanghai, and delivering special addresses on insurance and finance in other school and colleges.
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WHOS WHO IN CHINA
629
Mr. Pan Ching-po
(P'en Tso-chi)
Mr. Pan Ching-po, general compradore of Messrs. Jardine. Matheson and Company, Ltd., was born at Heong-shan, Kwangtung, in 1867. He entered the business world at Shanghai at an early age and has won the confidence of both Chinese and foreign merchants in this port. He was engaged as compradore of Jardine, Matheson and Company, Ltd., in 1911, the premier British firm in China, and has held this position continuously up to the present. He is an active member of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce and an acknowledged leader in the business life of China's commercial metropolis. He has been awarded a Presidential Tablet and the Third Class Chiaho Decoration.
630
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Pao Kuei-ch'ing
General Pao Kuei-oh'ing was born at Hai-cheng Hsien, Fentien Pro- vince. He was graduated from the Kaiping Miltary Academy at Kaiping. Chihli. After graduation he joined the late President Yuan Shih-kai who was then ■ training modern troops at Hsiao-chan, as a non-conuniasioned officer. However, General Pao's promotion was rapid. Shortly before the First Revolution he was promoted to the position of Brigade Commandant. From September 1913 to August 1915 General Pao was the Garrison Com- missioner of Huhu, Anhui Province. From Anhui he was called to Peking becoming the Director of the National Military Training Institution, a very important position at that time. In July 1917 General Pao became Tuchun of Heilungkiang holding concurrently the post of Civil Governor of the same province. Simultaneously he was given the rank of a full Gen-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 631
eral. The concurrent post he held only for a few months. During the time of the allied expedition to Siberia, General Pao Was Director-General of the Chinese Eastern Railway and rendered efficient service in that ca- pacity. Then he was also the director-general of the Ping-Hei Railway. In July 1919 General Pao was appointed Acting Tuchun of Kirin. In March 1920 he was awarded the Third Order of Merit.j In Junle 1920 he was. relieved of the directorship of the Chinese Eastern Railway and the Chief Commandant of the Railway Defence Forces which two positions he had been holding concurrently. In September 1920 General Pao was ordered to act as Civil Governor of Kirin. In October 1920 he was awarded the Second Order of Merit. In March 1921 he was called to Peking and made a Chiangchun with "T'ing-Wei" as his Chiangchun title. In December 1921 General Pao was appointed Minister of War which post he held until June 1922 when the Chihli-Fengtien War had just bee'n fought. During the following two years he made several serious attempts to bring Chihli and Fengtien leaders together to a peaceful understanding which was, however, never realized. In September 1924, General Pao was appointed by the Peking government as much as by Marshal Chang Tso- lin to be the director-general of the Chinese Eastern Railway. iXhis post he is still holding.
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632
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Colonel P. C. Pao
SS M M
(Pao Ping-ch'en)
Colonel P. C. Pao was born at Wan-Hsien, Chihii Province, in 1889. He received his preliminary military education at the Yaocheng Military Academy, where he began his training in 1905. In April 1907, Major Pao was sent by the Ministry of War to take up a course in military training in France where he stayed for six years, receiving the pilot's certificate of the International Aero Union in 1913. In April 1914, Major Pao was asked to return to China and served as adjutant on the General Staff as well as instructor in aviation at the Government Aviation School. In
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 633
August of the same year, he was promoted to be Captain. In 12W, the Fifthe Class Wen Ho was awarded him. For his services during the restoration of the Republic 1916, Major Pao became a Major. In October 1917, Major Pao was sent to Yochow with his aviation corps, returning to Peking in March 1918. In April 1919, the Ministry of War appointed Major Pao, dean of the Government Aviation School at Nanyuan and in December 1919 he was created head of the Bureau of Aeronautical Education of the Department of Aeronautics. In February 1921 Colonel Pao was appointed Director of the Grovernment Air-service Training School and also a Councillor at large of Government Aeronautic Department. In 1922 he was made a Colonel.
OS
tfrr'^it
634
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Pien Shou-ching
a * « ^' iR iH
Pien Shou-ching, was born at Ching Hai Hsien, Chihli, in 1884. After having completed his course in law in the Law School at Paotingfu. He went to Japan for more advanced education. In three years he graduated from the Law School of Tokyo University. In 1910 he returned to China. Soon after his return from Japan, Mr. Pien was engaged by the P*)lice School at Paotingfu as its instructor. Later he taught in the Law School. In the winter of 1919 he went to Chekiang where he helped in organizing the Bureau of Judicial Affairs. Aftfsr having been acquainted with the conditions in that province, he was apjwinted to head the Bureau of Ad-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 635
ministrative Affairs in Chekiang. He stayed in that province for two years, having held a number of important positions. In July of 1912, Mr. Pien was elected Vice-Speaker of the Provincial Assembly of Chihli. Thi^ honor conferred upon him by his fellow provincials was' a recognition of the valuable service he rendered during the revolution which resulted in the establishment of the present Republic. Shortly afterwards, he became Speaker, which he is still today. For many years Mr. Pien has been an Advisor to General Yang I-teh, the Police Commissioner of Chihli. He was also an Advisor to Marshal Ts'ao Kun when the latter was Hifjh In- specting Commissioner of Kiangsi, Honan, Szechuan and Kuangtung anc. latter of Chihli, Shantung and Honan. He has been and is still the Director- General of the Ling Ching Mining Corporation, Tientsin. In January 1921 the Peking Government called a conference to meet at Peking to study the local government question. It was convoked in May that year. Mr. Pien nominated by the civil authorities of the Chihli Province w^ appointed vice-president of that Conference. A branch office of the International Anti-Opium Association was established at Tientsin in 1919. Mr. Pien was elected its chairman. In that capacity he rendered much assistance, in carrying out the activities of the association in face of much opposition. In 1920 the American-British-Chinese Commercial Club was founded at Tientsin. Mr. Pien was one of its promoters and also its first chairmani Mr. Pien is the sole proprietor of the Ho Pei Jih Pao, Tientsin. Mr. Pien was awarded the Fourth Class Paokuang Chiaho in 1919; the Fifth Order of Merit in 1920; the Second Class Chiaho in 1921; the Second Class Pao- kuang Chiaho ; the Second Class Wenhu and the Second Class Tashou Chiaho, in 1922; and the Fourth Order of Merit and the First Class Tashou Chiaho in 1923.
636
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Bien Zue Sun
(Pien Shou-sun)
Mr. Bien Zue Sun was born at Wuchang, Hupei province, in 1883, hia native home being at I-Cheng Hsien, Kiangsu. He studied at the Aurora College, Shanghai, from 1904 to 1905. Mr. Bien went to America in November 1906. He studied Political Science and Economics at the Brown University from 1907 to 1912 when he graduated with the degree of Ph. D. In June 1912 he was appointed James Manning's Scholar for excellence in college studies on graduation. He was the author of Education as a Means of Social Progress. Mr. Bien returned to China in September 1912 and was at once appointed assistant secretary of the B.vnk of China, Peking. He was sub-manager of the issue department of th? same bank in 1913- 14; assistant inspector, 1914; and Inspector-General 1914-16. From 1916
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
637
to 1920 Mr. Bien was Chief Secretary and Inspector-General of the Chun.g Fog Union Bank, Tientsin. In September 1920 he was appointed manager of H^ Tientsin Office ■■M ::the Bank,, of China which position he is still hol(fijig. In February ;jl912 Mr. fiien was awarded the Second Class Chiaho Decoration. In; 1922 he was giveB.i the concurrent post as manager of the Peking Office m the Bank of Chin^, which position he still holdls. In May 1923 he was gfiven the Third- Class Wenhu Decoration,
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579
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Pien Yin-ch'ang
-\im ^'^ n m
Mr. Pien Yin-ch'ang was born at Tientsin, Chihli, in 1870. In the Ching Dynasty, he held the post of Senior Secretary of the Board of Works and also of the Board of Justice. In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Mr. Pien was elected associate director of the General Chamber of Commerce of Tientsin. Upon the oi'ganization of the Tientsin Chinese Merchants Volunteer Corps following the establishment of the Republic, he was made its commanding officer. He was also a member of the ex- ecutive committee of the Tientsin Red Cross Society. In 1913, the United Chamber of Commerce of Chihli was formed, and at the inaugural meeting which was held in Peking in March, he was elected the chairman of its
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 639
executive committee. A few months later he was appointed President of the Panama Exhibition Participation Committee. In January 1913 Feng Kuo-chang became acting Civil Governor of Chihli when Mr. Pien was appointed one of his counsellors. In July 1913 he was made an Advisor to the Civil Governor's Office when Liu Je-tseng was Governor of Chihli. The special work assigned to him was the flood relief of the Metropolitoin district and of the province proper and in the carrying out of it he showed wonderful power of organization. In 1916 when tie Lao Hsi-kai affair (the French authorities tried to seizs Lao Hsi-kai from China) took place, and the indignation of the people was highly worked up a society known as the Association for the Protection of China's Sovereignty and Territory, was organized and Mr. Pien was elected pres'dent of that society. In 1917, Mr. Pien was appointed by the Ministry of Finance as a special deputy for the investigation of taxation conditions of Chihli in c<innection with the matter of tariff revision. Mr. Pien was elected in 1918 a member of the New Parliament which was convoked in August that year and dis- missed in 1920. In November 1919 lie was elected President of the General Chamber of Commerce, Chihli. This position he is still holding. In the early part of 1920 he received a considerable amount of public attention in consequence of the demand of the Japanese Consul General at Tientsin for Mr. Pien's removal from the presidency of the Chamber of Commerce because of his anti-Japanese attitude as was shown in his interest in the boycott movement. Mr. Pien was awarded the Third Class of Chiaho in 1919; the Second Class Chiaho and the Second Class Tashou Chiaho in 1920; the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho in 1922; and the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decoration in 1923.
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640
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
|
1 |
|||
|
-i Admi i 1858. Af Academy England t wich Nav , years he return to Naval Ac Li Yuan- miral Sah |
Admiral Sah Chen-ping mrnyn -r- m n (Sah Chen-ping) ral Sah Chen-ping was born at Ffoochow, Fukien pro ter having become a Hsiu-tsai or Licentiate he entered 1 at Foochow where he was hter graduated. Then he wa 0 pursue higher education. He spent a few years in th al College and was graduated there. For the follow was given practical training on a British man-of-war. China, Admiral Sah was engaged as an instructor in the ademy and had the honor of being the teacher of ex-. lung, who was then a student in that institution. In 1 joined the Chinese Navy, first as captain of the train |
^'ince, in the Naval s sent to e Green- ng three Upon hie Tientsin ^residemt 885 Ad- ing ship |
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 641
Kuangchi, then captain of cruisers Tungchi and Haichi. He took part in the Sino-Japanese War in 1894. Upon the termination of the war he returned to his native place and retired from active servjce for one year. It was in that year his wife died at Foochow. He did not marry again. In 1897 Admiral Sah joined the Woosung Forts. In 1902 he became Tsung-ping, or Brigadier-General of Nanao Chen, Kuangtung. In 1903 he was promoted to be Commander-in-Chief qf the Peiyang Naval Forces. In August 1905 he was transferred to be Commander-in-Chief of the Kuangtung Naval Forces. In November 1906 he was appointed to hold concurrently the posts of Commander-in-Chief of the land and sea forces in the same province. In January 1908 the land command was withdrawn from him. In February 1909 he was promoted to Commissioner of Naval Reorganization. In June 1909 he was made High Commissioner of Naval Reorganization. July 1909 he was appointed Admiral of the Imperial Fleet. In October that year he accompanied Prince Tsai Hsun on his naval mission to Europe and in August 1910 on the same mission to Japan and America. When the first revolution broke out in October 1911, he was in command of the Imperial naval forces. Under instructions from Peking, he took several cruisers to Hankow for action against the revolutioners. But owing to the lack of supplies and continual defections among his crew he was forced to vacate his command and retire to private life. In 1912 Admiral Sah became President of the Maritime Academy at Woosung. In August 1918, when the second revolution commenced, he was appointed by the late President Yuan Shih-kai Director- General of the Land and River Police at Shanghai and Woosung. In 1914 he was made a member of the State Council functioning as Parliament. A little kter he was appointed Director-General of all the Arsenals in China. In the winter of 1916 he went to Canton to play the part of peace-maker to_settle the differences between General Lu Yun-ting and General Lung Ghi-kwang. About the same time he became the Inspecting Commissioner of -Kwangtung and of Fukien, and Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. In June 1917, shortly before the monarchical movement of General Chang Hsun, Admiral Sah was appointed Minister of Navy, but this office he did not take up. Later he was made High . Sea Inspecting General,.-but also declined this offer. At the request of the President, he, however, went to Peking to accept an appointment as Advisor to the President's Office. In 1918 he was sent to Fukien in the capacity of the Director-General for the sup- pression of bandits in that province. He was given the First Class Wenhu in January 1919; ordered to take a trip to Europe on a government mission in February 1919; relieved of the Fukien post in October 1919; and ap- pointed Minister of Navy in December 1919. In January 1926 Admiral Sah was awarded the First Class Tashou Chiaho in May 1920, and ordered to act as Prime Minister; and in October 1920, given the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In May 1921 he was relieved of the ministership. A year later he was made a Shan Chiangchun (Marshal) with Shu-Wei as special title. In September 1922 he was appointed Special Commissioner for the Suppression of Opium in Fukien and Anhui. In October 1922 he was appointed Deputy Military Commissioner of Fukien and also Civil Governor of that province, which position he is still holding.
642
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Fuchuen Kenneth Sah
mm^ ^ 'J? a
(Sa Fu-chun)
Mr. F. K. Sah was born in Foochow, Fukien province, in 1886. He studied at St. John's College, Shanghai, from 1898 to 1903. Mr. Sah went to America in 1903 as attache to the Chinese Commission to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition held at St. Louis, Mo. In 1906 he entered Purdue Uni'versity where he was graduated in 1910 with the degree of B. S., in Engineering. In the fall of 1910, Mr. Sah returned to China and joined the Kuangtung Yueh-Han Railway at Canton as student engineer. In the Spring of 1912 he was promoted to he assistant engineer in charg|e of one Construction Section. In the summer of 1913 he was transferred to the I-Kwei section of the Szechuan-Hankow Railway where he was engaged principally in the survey of the Upper Yangtze gorges. In the Spring of
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
643
1917 he was transferred to the Hankow-Ichang section of the same railway to complete the construction work left o*:er by German engiiieeTs. Upon the completion of the construction work in 1918, Mr. Sah was engaged by the Kuo-Pi Railway Co. of Yunnan to take charge of location and con- struction of a new branch line. He held that position until 1919 when he went to Peking to join the Ministry of Communications. In the Spring of 1922 he was appointed assistant chief of the Land Development Department of the Peking-Hankow Railway at Hankow and later was transferred to the Shantung Rehabilitation Commission and appointed a member of the Com- mittee for the valuation of the Shantung Railway.- After completing the valuation work he was appointed Chief Engineer of the Kiao-Tsi Railway which position he held until the Summer of 1924 when he was, recalled to Peking by the Ministry of Communications. Mr. Sah comes from a well- known family, his father being Admiral Sah Chen-ping of the Chinese Navy.
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644
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Sah Fu-moh
(Sah Fu-tnou)
Mr. Sah Fu-moh was born at Ming-hou Hsien, Fukien province, in 1874. In 1889 he entered the Naval Academy at Tientsin and was grad- uated from it in 1894. Then he was given a position in the Board of Foreign Affairs. In 1895 he was appointed by Viceroy Liu of Kiangsu and Chekiang to assit Shen Tung-wou in the work of opening Woosung as as a treaty port. In 1896 he became Superintendent of the Chinese-Russian Railway Coal Mines. In 1900 Yuan Shih-kai, who was then Viceroy of Chihli, appointed him Assistant Commissioner of Foreign Affairs at Shan- haikuan. In 1901 Mr. San became director of the Ching-Hua Railway in Honan. In 1902 he was transferred to be Superintendent of the Tai-feng
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 645
Gold Mine in Jehol. From 1903 until October 1905 he was superintendent! of the Sin Chu Coal Mine. In December 1905 he became acting director of the Tao-Ching Railway. In July 1906 he was transferred to be director of Telegraph and Telephone Administrations in Canton. In June 1907 he was apopinted Assistant Secretary for Foreign Affairs to the Viceroy of Kuangtung and Kuangsi. In October 1907 he was promoted to be Assist- ant Commissioner for Foreign Affairs. In December 1907 he became Chief of the Bureau of Foreign Affairs. In January 1911 he was appointed Director of Telegraph Administration in Canton holding concurrently the post of Commissioner of Customs. In August 1911 he was obliged to resign from his office owing to his parental mourning. In November 1911 he started on a journey to Europe, America and Japan, returning to China in September 1912. In January 1923 Mr. Sah was appointed director of the Telegraph Administration in Shanghai. Having not yet accepted this position, he was appointed to head the Chinese Delegation to the Sino- Japanese Telegraph Conference in Japan. In February 1913 he was com- missioned to be Director of the Chinese Telegraph Bureau of Kiangsu and Chekiang. In July 1913 he was awarded the Fifth Class Chiaho. In August 1913 he became Special Commissioner for Foreign Affairs in Canton. In November 1913 he was made a Secretary in the Ministry of Communicatiions. In May 1914 he was sent by the Ministry as Secretary to the Chinese Delegation to the International Postal Conference in Spain. In June 1914 he was awarded the Fourth Class Chiaho. In July 1914 he he was appointed President of the Bank of China. In August 1914 he was transferred to be a committee man of the Department of Loans in the Ministry of Finance. In July 1915 Mr. Sah was given the Second Class Chiaho. In July 1917 he was appointed Special Commissioner for Foreign Affairs of Kiangsu Province. In August 1917 he was commission- ed to be President of the Bureau for the Disposal of Ex- Enemy Vessels. In January 1920 he was conferred the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In March 1921 he was appointed by the Ministry of Finance^ to be Director of the Shanghai Mint. In August 1921 he became Chief of the Industrial Bureau at Shanghai under the control of the High Industrial Commissioner. Mr. Sah retired to private life in 1922.
646
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. San To
H 1^ ^ A^ 18
Mr. San To was born at Hangchow, Chekiang province, in 1876. He is a 'member of the White Banner of Mongolia. He studied under Yu Chu- yuan, a famous scholar of the Ching Dynasty, and thus has become a scholar himself. He entered official service very early. For a time he was Prefect of Hangchow, and later director of the Military Academy of Hangchow and also director of the Foreign Affairs Bureau of Chekiang Province. In 1902 Mr. San To left Hangchow and became Proctor of the Imperial University in Peking. In 1907 he became a Councillor of the Board of Civil Administration. In 1908 he was appointed Fu Tu-t'ung, or Deputy Lieutenant-General of Kuei-hua-chen. In 1909 he became resident commissioner at Urga, Mongolia. Following the establishment of the Re-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 647
public in 1912, Mr. San To was appointed Deputy Lieutenant-Geiueral of Mukden in October 1912. In November 1912 he was ordered to hold concurrently the post of Fu Tu-t'ung of Chinchow. He held these posi- tions for a number of years. In September 1920 Mr. San To was appointed Chief of the Bureau of Emigration and Labor, Peking, upon the recopi- mendation of Marshal Chang Tso-lin, the High Inspecting Military Commissioner of Manchuria, with whom he has been on good terms. In July 1921 he was awarded the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In December 1921 he was appointed Chief of the Bureau of Civil ap-point- ments in the Cabinet Office. In June 1922 he became associate director of the Famine Relief Bureau, which position he held until October that year when he was appointed a Chiangchun of the College of Marshals. In November 1922 he was awarded the First Class Tashou Chiaho.
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648
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Shao Chen-chlng
Mr. Shao Chen-ch'ing was bjrn at Hangchow, Chekiang province, in 1889 and graduated from the High Provincial College of Chekiang. After graduation he taught three years in several middle and normal schools. During the First Revolution in 1911-12, Mr. Shao was editor of the Han Ming Jih Pao, a Kuomingtang paper, at Hangchow. Owing to his strong opposition against Yuan Shih-kai, his paper was proscribed by Yuan as a seditious organ, so in 1914 the Chekiang authorities were instructed by Peking to close down the Han Ming Jih Pao and to have the editor ar- rested and put into prison. Mr. Shao's life would have been taken if he did not have many friends to devise ways and means to save him. He remained in the prison for one year after which he was released and then went to Japan where he established the Tokyo Correspondence Service. Mr. Shao returned to China when Yuan Shih-kai's monarchical attempt was at its height. He became special correspondent for The Shun Pao and The China Times, two of the leading Chinese papers in Shanghai.- After the
WHO^S WHO IN CHINA 649
downfall of Yuan, Mr. Shao went to Peking as special correspondent of the Shun Pao. In 1917 Mr. Shao organized the Peking .News Agency, which was the first organization of this nature established by Chinese in China. The increase of telegraphic news items in the Shanghai papers since that time was due to the existence of the agency. Under the same influence, the papers in Peking underwent a reform in form as well as in spirit. He was the first man advocating .the publication of Cabinet dis- cussions for the information of the public. 'In 1920 Mr. Shao founded in Peking a 'daily paper called the Ching Pao and managed under the "modern system. When the Anfu Party was in power, this paper made strong attacks every day, as a result of which it was finally suppressed and Mr. Shao was ordered to be arrested. He fled to Japan and subeequejntly be- came advisor on Chinese questions to the Asahi Daily New-s. He was the first Chinese who was engaged in that capacity by a Japanese press. After the downfall of the Anfu Party, Mr. Shao resigned from the Asahi Daily News and re-establishea his Ching Pao at Peking. In 1921 the Peking Government University established the Journalism Society and Mr. Shao was invited to be a lecturer. During the past ten years, Mr. Shao has been devoting himself to journalistic work and has never accepted any appointment from the government. Mr. Shao is at present the President of the Ching Pao, the Peking News Agency, and special correspondent of the China Times of Shanghai. He was awarded by President Li Yuan- hung in April 1923 the Third Chiaho.
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650
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Shen Ckeng-shih
V* ^ ^ ^ S H
Mr. Shen ('heng-shih was born in 1889 and is a grandson of the late Sheng Pao-chen, famous Viceroy of Nanking and a son of the late Shen Yu-ching, Governor of Kueichow. Mr. Shen was educated in Peking for his preliminarj- in.struction and went to England for his higher educational work in 1908. H-ere he pursued courses in engineering and received his degree at Cambridge University. On his return to China he joined the Ministry of the Navy and at the same time acted as a lecturer on engineering subjects at the Peking Government University. Later he became chief engineer for the public works department of the Peking municlpiality. In 1923 he was appointed in charge of the secretarial department of the Peking Tramway Company. Since 1923 he has been associated with the British-American Tobacco Company, Ltd. He has always interested himself in commerce and industry and is well Known in North China in this connection.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
651
Mr. M. H. Shen
vA ^ ^ a is
(Shen Ck'i)
Mr. M. H. Shen was born at Ching'-liai Hsien, Chihli province, in 1871. He was one of the early graduates of the Peiyang Military Academy in railway engineering. After his graduation he joined the Imperial Army stationed along the Tientsin Shanhaikuan sector, serving for a few years as German interpreter and also teacher in German in the military camping" schools. Later he became German translator in the Foreign Affairs Bureau of Shantung at Tsinan. Mr. Shen began his engineering career as Cadet engineer of the Kiaochou Railway. The other positions he held in the Ghing regime were: Engineer of the Tientsin Municipal Works Bureau: engineer of Peking-Mukden line; engineer of Peking-Kalgan line; super- visor for the construction of the Army Training. Headquarters building
652 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
and also the War Board building, Peking; associate director of the municipal works of the Outer City of Peking; director of the Municipal Works Office at Mukden; director of the Imperial Works Department at Mukden; adviser to the Szechuan-Canton Railway Administration; chief- inspector of the northern section construction works of the Tientsin-Pukow line; supervisor of the construction of the T. P. R. Yellow River Bridge; and co-director of the southern section of the Tientsin-Puko^w Railway Administration. In 1912 Mr. Shen was appointed a principal technical exjpert of the Ministry of Communications, having in charge at different times the Civil Engineering sgction, the Mechnical Engineering section- and the Drawing Office, of the Railway Department. In 1914 he was promoted to be Chief of the Railway Department. In December 1917 he was appointed the Chief Principal Technical Expert of the Ministry of Communications. In 1918 the Commission on Railway Technics was or- ganized with Dr. Jeme Tien-yu and Mr. Shen as chairman and vice-chair- man respectively.- The work of this Commission includes the selection of civil and mechanical engineering students and the standardization of traffic matters. In February 1919 Mr. Shen was given a concurrent position as President of the Railway Administration College. In June 1919, following the death of Dr. Jeme, he was appointed chairman of the Commission on Railway Technics. Subsequently he was given the post of director of the Peking-Suiyuan Railway. In July 1920 he was ordered to hold concurrent- ly the post of chief engineer of the northern section of the Tientsin- Pukow Railway. For a time he was also director of the Tsangdipw-Shih- chiachuang Railway. In December 1920 he was ordered to assist in the organization of the Commiunications University. In February 1921 the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho was awarded him. He was appointed an executive member of the Commission on the Communications Questions in connection with the Shantung Rehabilitation in March 1922; appointed acting Chief of the Railway Department in May 1922; ordered to hold concurrently the post of Chief of the Inter-Through Traffic Bureau, also in May given another concurrent post as Supervising Officer of the Bureau for the Compilation of the History of Communications, In January 1923 he was relieved of the post of Chief of the Railway Department to become the Chief Principal Technical Expert of the Ministry. Since that time he has been given concurrent positions: Chairman of the Commission on Material Purchases; Vice-Chairman of the Commission on the Construction of Proposed Lines; and government director on the controlling board of the Lung-yen Coal Mining Company, Peking. Mr. Shen was President of the Chinese Institute of Engineers for the years 1916, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1921 and 1922. He is an honorary member of the Haute Etude Chinoise, Paris, and of the Association of Chinese and American Engineers.
WHO^S WHO IN CHINA
653
Mr. Shen Jui-lin
Mr. Shen Jui-lin was born at Wu-Hsing Hsien, Kiangsu province, in 1875. He is son of the late Shen Ping-cheng, Viceroy of Liang-Kiang. Mr. Shen became a provincial graduate in 1890. He began his official career as Senior Secretary of the Board of War. Subsequently he was awarded the rank of Taotai. The first position Mr. Shen held in the Diplomatic Service was Attache to the Chinese Minister to Belgium. Later he became a Commercial Attache. Still later he was promoted to be the
654 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Third Councillor. The next country Mr. Shen was sent to by the Ching government was Germany where he became Second Councillor of the Chinese Legation and also for a time Charge d'Affaires. In the winter of 1909-10 Mr, Shen was called back from Germany and appo-inted a Councillor alb large of the Board of Foreign Affairs. Shortly afterwards, he was ap- pointed Deputy of the Board to deal with the National Advisory Council. In August 1910 Mr. Shen was appointed Chinese Minister to Austria. In December 1913 he was reappointed by the Peking government Envoy- Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Austria. Mr. Shen left Vienna in 1917 after China had declared war on Austria-Hungary. In January 1919 he was awarded the Second Class Wenhu and in January 1920 the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In September 1920 a special Commission was organizsd by the Peking government to study the Versail- les Treaty. Mr. Shen was appointed its vice-president. In January 1922 Mr. Shen was appointed Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs, holding con- currently the post of Chief-in-Charge of the Bureau for the Preparation of Participating in the Washington Conference. .,. In March 1922 Mr. Shen was awarded the First Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration. In July 1922 he was ordered to act for the Minister of Foreign Affairs. In October 1922 he received the First Class Wen Hu Decoration. In October 1922 he received two concurrent posts, namely president of the Diplomatic and Consular Service Commission and assistant Chief of the Bureau for the Preparation of the Special Customs Tariff Revision Conference. In March 1923 Mr. Shen was delegated by the Ministry to ba a Member of the Com- mission for the Study of Mongolian Affairs, and in May to the Commission for thc^ Re- organization of China's Domestic and Foreign Loans. Mr. Shen has been the Vice-Minisiter of Foreign Affairs since January 1922.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
655
Mr. Shen Pao-ch'ang
Mr. Shen Pao-ch'ang was born at Shao-hsing Hsien, Chekiang province, in 1880. He became a Provincial Graduate in 1903. Following this he entered the Government College of Law and Politics in Peking, and was graduated from it. In 1906 he was appointed Associate Justice of the Metropolitan Local Court. Subsequently ,for a time, he was Junior vice- president of the Board of Justice. After the establishment of the Republic, Mr. Shen was appointed a Senior Secretary of the Ministry of Justice and subsequently he was sent to Japan at the head of a commission for the
656 WHO'S WHO IN ACHIN
investigation of the Japanese legal system. In the end of 1913, Yuan Shih-kai, after having dissolved the Kuo-ming-tang and removed its members in the Parliament, organized a High Political Council. Mr. Shen was appointed a secretary of this Council. He served in a similar capacity to the conference called by Yuan Shih-kai in March 1914 for the sole purpose of revising the Provisional Constitution. In November 1914 he was appointed Magistrate of Shanghlai. In 1919 he was appointed to be concurrently ths Taotai or Prefect of the Hu-Hai Circuit, Kiangsu. He was awarded the Fourth Class Wenfu and the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho in June 1920, the Second Class Tashou Chiaho in January 1922 and the Third Class Wenhu in August 1923.
Ka^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
657
Mr. T. C. Shen
;* g # ^ ^ «I
(Shen Pao-shen)
Mr. T. C. Shen was born at Shanghai in 1884. He received his early- education at the Y. M. C. A., Shanghai. From 1904 to 1909 he studied at the St. John's University, graduating there with the degree of A. B. He was awarded a medal for best translation in 1908. After his gradua- tion he was engaged as an instructor of the Shanghai High School for two years. In the mean time he was the editor of the Commercial Press, Shanghai, making commentary notes on Shakespeare's works. In 1910 he was also Secretary to Dr. Wu Ting-fang. In 1911 he accepted the posi- tion of secretary to the Bureau of Foreign Affairs, Hangchow. During the
658 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
First Revolution, Mr. Shen was transferred to the Bureau of Foreign Af- fairs, Shanghai, for a year. He went to the United States in April 1913. From 1913 to 1916 he was Secretary to the Chinese Educational Mission in America. While serving in that capacity, he studied international law and diplomacy at George Washington University, graduating there with the degree Cif A. M. in 1915. He was a member of the International Law Society, 1914-16; member of the League to Enforce Peace, 1916; member of the Chinese Legation at Washington, D. C, 1916. Mr. Shen returned to China in August 1916. He was for a time, a translator in Peking. In 1917 he was engaged as instructor in translation in the Li Hung-chang Memorial in St. John's University and also as lecturer on International Law, Constitutional Law and Far Eastern Questions, in the Department of government. He has been a member of the Chinese Political and Social Science Association and of the Twentieth Century Club, since 1916. He is also the general secretary of the Western Returned Students' Union of Shanghai.
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WHO'S WHO Ix\ CHINA
659
Mr. Shen Tsu-way
(Shen Tsu-wei)
Mr. Shen Tsu-way was born at Shanghai in 1891, his na,tive home being at Huchow, Chekiang province. He studied at St. John's Univers- ity, Shanghai, from 1904 to 1910. In September 1910 he arrived in America as a government student. He studied civil engineering at the University of Michigan, being graduated with the degree of C. E. in 1914. Mr. Shen returned to China in September 1914. After having served at the Conservancj' Engineering College, Nanking, as Instructor in drawing, for a short period of time, he joined the Standard Oil Company, Shanghai, as Superintendent of Construction in 1915. Shortly afterwards he returned to the Conservancy Engineering College again. From 1915 he was for many years Professor of Surveying and Structural Engineering in that
660 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
College. In December 1921 Mr. Shen was appointed vice-president of the Conserv'ancy Engineering College, Nanking. From March 1922 to July 1924 he was president of that College. Mr. Shen is member of the Chinese Institute of Engineers; director of the Nanking Branch of the Highway Construction Association; member of the Chinese Science Association; member of the Industrial Committee of the Kiangsu Educational and In- dustrial United Association. He has been awarded the Fourth Class. Chiaho Decoration.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
661
Mr* En Yee Edward Sheng
^ ^m t' n n^
(Sheng En-i) Mr. En Yee Ekiward Sheng was born at Changchow, Kiangsu, in 18^2. He was the fourth son of the late Sheng Kung Pao and one of the leading; business men and philanthropists in China. He was educated at the Industrial High School, Peking, and later at the London University, Eng- land, and Columbia Universitiy, U. S. A. His first industrial school training, supplemented by an investigation of industries in Japan in 1911, decided him to take up a business career. He is a director and the assiiStant manager of the Han Yeh Ping Iron & Coal Co., president of San Sin Cotton Manufacturing Co., the Commercial Bank of China, and the Foong Sheng Industrial & Commercial Development Corporation. During the past few years, when China was visited with floods and famines, he was always among the foremost to contribute large sums to the relief of the poor, thereby saving thousands of lives. Mr. Sheng was awarded the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho in February 1920; the Second Class Tashou Pao- Chiaho in July 1921; the Fifth Order of Merit in December 1921; the First Class Tashou Chiaho in September 1922; the Third Class Wenhu in Novem- ber 1922; and the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decoration in March 1923.
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662
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Alfred Sao-ke Sze
jBg« S ^ M ;i
(Shih Chao-chi)
Mr. Alfred Sze was born at Cheng-tze, Kiangsu province, in 1876. He studied at the St. John's University from 1888 to 1892. During his last year in the University he was editor of St. John's one of the earliest published college magazines in China. In August 1893 he went to the United States to study. He prepared for college at Washington High School from 1893 to 1896. In 1897 he entered the Cornell University studying Liberal Arts, graduating there with the degree of A. B. in 1901 and that of M. A. in 190^. He was once elected editor of the Oornellian. In October Mr. Sze returned to China and was at once eng;aged by Viceroy Chang Chih-tung as his secretary. In 1904 he became secretary to Viceroy Tuan Fang. In 1906 he was transferred to Peking for service and was first appointed as acting junior secretary of the Board of Communications. In 1907 he became director of the Peking-Hankow Railway Administration. He was director of Northern Railways during 1907-08; Customs Taotai of Harbin during 1908-10. In July 1910 he was appointed acting Commis- sioner for Foreign Affairs, Kirin; in August 1910, Junior Councillor, Board of Foreign Affairs, Peking; Imperial Commissioner to the International
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 663
Plague Conference at Mukden, in April 1911; acting Senior Vice-President of the Board of Foreign Affairs, m August 1911 ; and was nominated Chinese Minister to America, Peru, Mexico and Cuba just after the out- break of the First Revolution (October 1911) but he did not proceed. In May 1911 Mr. Szs was appointed Minister of Communications in 'tang Shao-i's Cabinet. This position he held for less than three months and resigned on account of ill-health. He is related, by marriage, to Tang Shao-i. In December 1913 he was appointed Officer of Ceremonies at the President's Office. In June 1914 he was appointed Chinese Minister to Great Britain. He was one of China's Chief Delegates to the Paris Conference in 1919. In September 1920 he was transferred to be Chinese Minister to Washington. In October 1921 he was awarded the First Class Wenhu and appointed a Chief Delegate to the Washington Conference. In November 1921 he was given the rank of Ambassador. In March 1922 and October 1922 he was awarded respeotive'ly the First Class Tashou Chiaho and the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. Mr. Sze visited China in November 1922. He was nominated as Minister of Foreign Affairs but rejected by the Senate, in January 1923. However, he was acting Minister of Foreign Affairs from January 5 to February 3, 1923. Subsequently he was awarded the Second Order of Merit. He returned to the Washington post in 1923. In July 1924 he was ordered to be Chinese delegate to the International Opium Conference held under the League of Nations. At this conference Dr. Sze made a strong fight supported by the American delegation to bring about the complete suppression of the opium p roduction and manufacturing, except for medical purposes. Finally at the session in 1925, when the matter was brought to a vote and no affirmative action tsken, the American and Chinese delegates left the Con- ference. Dr. Sze returned to his post in Washington.
664
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. SzeSao-tseng
(Shih Chao-tseng)
Mr. Sze Sao-tseng was born at Soochow, Kiangsu province, in 1868, his ancestral home being Chinkiang. He is the elder brother of Mr. Alfred Sze, Chinese Minister, Washington. After having received education from regular Confucian schools, he served under the Ching regime as expectant magistrate and later as expectant prefest. He rendered good service in the flood relief works in north China. Mr. Sze was attache to the Chinese Legation at Washington from 1893 to 1895 and was Consul-General at New York from 1896 to 1897. In the winter of 1897 he returned to China and at once became the superintendent of the Hangyang Iron Works. From 1898 to 1905 he was connected with the construction of the Peking Hankow Railway. He was Commissioner of the Shanghai-Nanking Railway, from
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 665
1905 to 1907; and its managing director from 1907 to 1909. In 1910 he was appointed director of. the Peking Hankow Railw'ay. From 1910 to 1912 he was director of the China Merchants Inland Navigation Company, serving at the same time as a member of the Board of Directors of the China Merchants : Steam Navigation Company. In 1913 he was appointed Director-General of the Lung-Hai Railway and also of the Tatung-Chengtu Railway. The Central Hospital in Peking, which was opened to the public in January 1918, was promoted and built by Mr. Sze with the assistance of his many friends. His son. Dr. Philip Sze, graduate of the medical department of George Washington University, acted for him as the superintendent of the Hospital for several years. In 1918 he travelled in Europe on an important mission in connection with the financial situation of the Lung-Hai railway. In 1919 he was awarded the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho and the Second Class Wenfu. In January 1920 he received the First Class Tashou Chiaho. In October 1922 he was relieved of the post of Director-General of the Lung-Hai Railway which he had held since 1913. Since 1922 he has been in retirement.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. I. Hsuan Si
(Sheh I-hsuanj
Mr. I. Hsuan Si was born at Fu Shan Hsien, near Chefoo, in 1886. He received his early education at the Anglo-Chinese School, Temple Hill, Chef 00 ; Shantung Christian Union College then at Weihsien, Shantung, now a part of the Shantung Christian University at Tsinanfu, Shantung; and for a few months, in Tsing Hua College, Peking. In 1911, Mr. Si continued h"s studies in the United States on a Tsing Hua scholarship. In the United States, he attended four universities, viz. University of Illinois, University of Michigan, Yale and Harvard, He holds the B. A. degree from Michigan '13, and the M. B. A. (Master in Business Administration) from the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration '16. After his studies in 1916 he was the first Chinese student ever admitted as an apprentice into the private banking firm of J. P. Morgan Co., N. Y., where he acquired a valuable experience in American banking systems. In 1917, Mr. Si went to France from America serving as the first Chinese Y. M. C. A. secretary among the Chinese laborers in French empl.oy. Ln France, he stayed in Lyons for some time and later was given charge of
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 667
the Rhone Zone in connection with Y. M. C. A. work. Upon his return to China, Mr. Si taught one year in the Commercial College of the Nankai University, Tientsin, acting at the same time as Dean of the Business School, and then continued his Y. M. G. A. work in Tientsin for another year. Resigning from the Tientsin Y. M. C. A. he entered into the railway service in the Ministry of Communications. From that Ministry he was sent a* one of the attaches to the Chinese Delegation to the Conference on the Limitation of Armament at Washington, 1921-2. Upon his return from Washington, he served in the Ministry of Communications as English secretary to the director of the Railway Department as well as acting assist- ant chief of the traffic section in the railway department. In the summer of 1923, during the Lincheng Bandit episode, he was sent as one of the two delegates to Tsaochuang to represent the Ministry of Communications. In September 1923, he was appDinted acting general superintendent of the materials department of the Kiao-Tsi Railway, and is now superintend- ent of that department located at Tsingtao.
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WHO'S WETO IN CHINA
Mr. Tsannyuen Philip Sze
(Shih Tsan-yuan)
Dr. Philip Sze was born at Soochow, Kiangsu provi'nce, in 1888. He studied at Shun-Cheng School in 1900 and at the St. John's University from 1900 to 1904. He went to the United States in October 1904 wiith partial government support, and prepared for college at Central High, School, Washington, from 1904 to 1908. He studied medicine at George Washington University fr,om 1910 and was graduated from it with the degree of M. D. in 1914. He was awarded Ordranaux Prize for highest average in June 1913 and at graduation, 1914; the George Washington University Surgery Prize for best written paper, in June 1914. He was an interne at George Washington Umiversity Hospital for one year during 1914-15, and resident phyaician of the Columbia Hospital for Women,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 669
Washington, D. C, during 1915-16. In May 1916 Dr. Sze returned to China and was at once appointed associate college physician of Tsinghua College. In January 1918 he resigned from the Tsinghua post to take up charge of the Central Hospital, Peking, of which his father Mr. Sze Sao-tseng was the managing director. " In the summer of 1919 he was appointed director of the Chinese Educational Mission to Washington, D. C, to succeed Dr. T. T. Wong who was murdered by a Chinese student. In May 1921 he was appointed a vice-consul in the Chinese Consuate-General at San Francisco. In May 1922 he was awarded the Third Class Chiaho Decoration.
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Kvr-f'^^rrasjacBai mtmximt
670
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. luming Suez.
& ^ M ^ iS ±
(Shih Yu-ming)
Mr. luming Suez was born at Ningpo, Chekiang province in 1881. When a boy he attended the Church Missionary Society Day School at his native place. For three years he studied Chinese classics under a private tutor. In 1893 he enrolled with the Anglo-Chinese College, Shanghai where he stayed for half a year. Subsequently he att2nded the English High School in the same city. In 1895 he joined St. John's University where he graduated in February 1901. After his graduation he served for two years as Headmaster of the Chinese Polytechnic Institute, Shanghai. In 1903 he joined the Public Works Department of the Shanghai Municipal Council in the capacity of Translator and Chief Chinese Clerk. He served
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 671
the Council for seven years, and then left jt^f .his own accord. In 1910 and 1911 he was in banking Buslne^ III the ifall of 1911 he became the English secretary and superintendent of Posts and Telegraphs at. Gyangtse, Tibet. Later he was promoted to be Chinese trade agent of Gyangtse and concurrently appointed as superintendent of the Gyangtse Trade Mart. A few months later a mutiny of the garrisons stationed at that locality broke out, which was immediately followed by the first revolu- tion resulting in the establishment of the Republip. Through his offices the mutinous garrisons, which would otherwise have been terminated, were repatriated to China. Mr. Suez was the last man to leave the Tibetan outpost. During his stay there he had most thrilling experiences in his life, and was on the best of terms with the British trade agents. After leaving Gyangtse he went to Kalimpong in East Bengal, India, where he had been sent on a special mission. Prior to the Simla Conference in 1913, he was, however, recalled to Peking and transferred to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for service. For several years he was in charge of a section under the Political Affairs Department. In 1918 he was holding a concurrent post as acting judge of the Shanghai Prize Court. In the same year he was instrumental in securing the release of the Kyle party which was held by bandits in Honan. Mr. Kyle was then chief-engineer of the Chuchow-Chingchow Railway. In July 1919 he was awarded the Fourth Class Chiaho. In August 1919 he was api>ointed a member of the Diplomatic and Consular Service Commission. In June 1920 Mr. Suez was appointed Consul-General at New York. In December 1921 he became Charge d' Affaires of the Chinese Legation at Panama. In April 1922 he was appointed Chinese Consul-General at Panama. In November 1922 he was appointed First Secretary of the Chinese Legation at Panama, still acting as Charge d' Affaires and holding the post of Consul General con- currently. In August 1923 he was transferred to be First Secretary to the Chinese Legation at Peru, at the same time acting as Charge d'Affaires.
672
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. C* S. Shui 7jC 1^ ^ ^ ^ K (Shiu Chun-shao)
Mr. C. S. Shui was born at Fou Ning Hsien, Kiangsu p.Dovince, in 1878. He was one among the first-class graduates of the Peiyang Yu Ts'ai Kuan. After graduation he became a teacher in English of ^ the District School of Hangchow, the capital of Chekiang. In November 1902 Mr. Shui went to France as a Commercial Attache to Mr. Sun Pao-chi, then Chinese Minister to Berlin. Taking this opportunity to pursue higher education, he entered the Commercial College in Paris and graduated there with the degree of B. A. after four years of study. In October 1906 Mr. Shui returned to China and was giv'en a position at the Department of Trade in the Board of Commerce. In May 1907 he was appointed at the recom- mendation of the Board of Foreign Affairs to be Chinese Commercial Com- missioner to Germany. In June he was given a concurrent post in the Board of Agriculture, Works and Commerce as an expectant junior secretary. In December 1908 Mr. Shui was appointed to hold concurrently
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 6/3
the position of Second Secretary to the Chinese Minister at Berlin who was no other person than Mr. Sun Pao-ehi. In April 1900 he was called back to Peking where he returned to the Board of Agriculture, Works and Commerce. In July 1909 Mr. Shui was transferred to the Board of Com- munications to become a French Translator to the Directorate-General of Railways. In August he was given a concurrent position in the Imperial Mausoleum Construction at Hsiling as Railway Transportation Supervisor. In October he was promoted to the rank of Second Class Secretary of the Board. In January 1910 Mr. Shui was appointed a Compiler of the Councillors' Hall in the Board of C/ommunications. In March 1910 he was appointed director of the Pienlo Railway and in September 1910 he was given a concurrent position of advisor to the Kaifeng-Hsuchow Railway. In December 1912, the first year of the Republic, Mr. Shui was awarded Fifth Order of Chiaho and in April 1913 he was transferred and appointed Proctor of the Peking-Hankow Railway. In September 1914 he was awarded the Fifth Order of Wenfu. In May 1916 Mr. Shui received the Third Order of Chiaho. In September 1916 he was appointed Chief of the general affairs department of the Peking-Hankow Railway. In June Mr. Shui was appointed associated managing director of the Peking-Hankow Railway. In November 1917 he was awarded the Fourth Order of Wenfu. In March 1918 Mr. Shui was appointed by the Ministry of Communications as a delegate to attend the Electrical Exposition in Japan and also to investigate railway administration in that country. In October 1918 he was awarded the Third Order of Wenfu. In February 1919 Mr. Shui was given the Second Order of Chiaho. In December 1919 he was appointed chief of the General Affairs Department of the Peking-Hankow and Peking- Suiyuau Railways which had just been amalgamated. In February 1910 he was awarded the Third Order of Paokuang Chiaho. In July 1910 the two railways separated again and Mr. Shui was appointed acting associated managing director of the Peking-Hankow Railway Administration. In August 1920 he was transferred to be associated managing director of the Peking- Suiyuan Railway, this post he held until January 1921. At the same time he was appointed a member of the Councillors' Hall in the Ministry of Communications. In June 1921 Mr. Shui was given the Second Order of Tashou Chiaho. In June 1922 he was appointed acting managing director of the Peking-Mukden Railway which position he is still holding. In September 1922 he was appointed an executive Member of the Commission on Communications in connection with the Shantung Negotiations. In October 1922 he was given the First Order of Tashou Chiaho. In the same month he was \ appointed advisor to' General Wu Pei-fu, the High Inspecting Commissioner of Hunan and Hupei. In December 1922 Mr. Shui was appointed Councillor to the High Inspect- ing Commissioner of Chihli, Shantung and Honan, who was then no other person than the present President, Marshal Tsao Kun. In October 1923 Mr. Shui was given the Second Order of Wenfu
674
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. C. L. Sun
(Sun Ch'i-lien)
Mr. C. L. Sun was born at Hangyang, Hupei province, in 1890. When he was ten years old he was sent to Boone College, Wuchang, for element- ary education. He remained in that institution until 1905. From 1905 to 1909 Mr. Sun was at the St. John's Universitiv, Shang,hai, where he received a middle school education. In September 1909 Mr. Sun arrived in America to study with private support. Between 1909 and 1910 he prepared for college at Cook Academy. In 1910 Mr. Sun entered Syracuse University, New York, where he studied Law and was graduated with the degree of LL. B. in 1914. While in the school, he was elected to the Legal Fraternity, Phi Delta Phi, in October 1913. Mr. Sun returned to China in August 1914. In 1916 he was an editor of the Far Eastern News,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 675
Peking. In 1917 he was translator in the President's Office, Peking. From 1918-1921 Mr. Sun was English Secretary to General Li Yuan-hung. During 1922-1923 he was English Secretary of the President's Office, Peking. He- was awarded the Third Class Chiaho Decoration in 1922. Since 1923 Mr. Sun has been Private English Secretary to General Li Yuan-hung. While serving General Li Yuan-hung in the capacity of private secretary, Mr. Sun was entrusted with looking after the education of General Li's children. Mr. Sun has also been a lecturer on law Bubjects in Nankai College. His present address is No. 182 Parkes Road, British Concession, Tientsin.
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676
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Sun Feng-tsao
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 677
Mr. Sun Feng-tsao was born at Tientsin, Chihli province, in 1879. He is one of the first graduates of Peiyang University, Tientsin. After graduation he served at different times as councillor of the Chihli Indust- trial Bureau, professor and proctor in the Chihli High Industrial School, principal of the Marine Products Institute, and committee man of the American Marine Products- Association. Later Mr. Sun was sent to Japan, Manila, Canada, and the United States to investigate education, industrial and n^arine products. He served as chairman of the National Famine Relief Association and vice-chairman of the Red Cross Association at Tien- tsin, and as speaker of the City Council. At diffe;rent times he was advisor to the President, the Cabinet, the Tuchun of Kiangsu, the High Inspecting Commissioner of Chihli-Honan- Shantung. Mr. Sun was Com- missioner of Education of Chihli during 1921-22. In 1923 he was appointed managing director ' of the Tlentsin-Pukow Railway and also of the Pu- Hsing Railway. H%. has received the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and the Second Class Wenhu Decorations.
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678
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Sun Hung-i
Mr. Sun Hung-i was born at Tientsin, Chihli province, in 1870. He is a well known literati and reformer and is recognized as a leader of pro- gressive parties. After having taken high literary degrees under the Ching regime, he was elected a member of the Chihli Provincial Assembly. He gained a nation wide reputation in 1911 when he headed people's repe- sentation of the. whole country to demand of the Ching government to start constitutional .government at once. Mr. Sun had much to do with the first Revolution. After the ^tablishment he organized the Democratic Party with headquarters at Shanghai. In 1912 he was elected a member of the First Parliament. After its dissolution by Yuan Shih-kai in January 1914, he went to Shanghai standing out as one of Yuan's strongest opponents until 1916. In June 1916 he was appointed Minister of Education in Tuan Chi- jui's Cabinet. In July 1916 he was transferred to be Minister of the Interior which post he held until November 1916. Since his retirement, Mr. Sun has been living at Shanghai working hard for the constitutional
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 679
course. He was once appointed a cabinet minister in the Canton govern- ment. But after visiting Canton, he decided not to accept the offer. He has been several times offered by the Peking government important portfolios in the cabinet, but he has not accepted any. In spite of this he has remained an Important factor in China's politics.
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680
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Sun Jun-yu
Mr. Sun Jun-yu was born at Wu Hsien, Kiangsu province, in 1880, and was a Provincial Graduate under tlie Ciiing regime. In 1900, he graduat- ed from the Preparatory Department of the Peiyang University, Tientsin. In 1901 he made a tour in the South Sea Islands investigating industrial conditions there. After that trip, he went to Manchuria where , he was entrusted with the work of organizing the Fengtien University of which he later became a professor. In 1904 he was sent ,by the Kiangsu Pro- vincial government to Japan to study in the Japanese Imperial Law College
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 681
where he later was graduated. After his return from Japan, Mr. Sun held the following positions under the Ching regime: Member of the Constitutional Government Preparation Committee in the Board of the Civil Administration; Chief of Statistics Section in the Board of War; Professor of the College of Finance,- High Police College and the Law College. In 1912 he became Chief of the Police Bureau in the Ministry of the Interior holding concurrently the post of Director of the High Police College. Subsequently he was elected President of the Kiangsu Lawyers* Associa- tion. In 1913 he became a Member of the Lower House of the First Parliament and was subsequently elected a Member of the .Constitution Drafting Committee. Af'ter the first dissolution of the Parliament by Yuan Shih-kai in January 1914, Mr. Sun went to Japan becoming the First Class Councillor of the Chinese Legation in Tokyo. In 1916 when the First Parliament was reconvoked, Mr. Sun took his seat in the lower house again and was subsequently elected a member of the Foreign Affairs Affairs Committee of the House. At the same time he practiced law in Peking where he later became President of the Lawyers Association and was also retained lawyer of the Supreme Court. In June 1917 the First Parlia- ment was again dissolved. The Peking government in September 1917 created a Special Senate to revise the Parliament Election Laws and he was a member of that Senate. In August 1917 the New Parliament was convoked in Peking. He was a member of the Lower House in which position he remained until August 1920 when the Anfu Party which had been riesponsible for the creation of this new parliament had been removed by the joint for^ces of Chihli and Fengtien. In August 1922 the First Parliament was reconvoked by Li Yuan-hung in Peking. Mr. Sun became a member of the Lower House again. In May 1924 he was appointed Chief of the Law Bureau in the Cabinet Office. In September ,1924 he was ap- pointed to hold concurrently the post of Chief Secretary of the Cabinet, Dr. W. W. Yen being the Premier. Mr. Sun was awarded the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho in December 1919; the Second Class Wenhu in January 1921; the First Class Tashou Chiaho in October 1922: and the First Glas^ Tashou Paokuang Chiaho in April 1923.
682
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Sun Fo
(Sun K'e)
Mr. Sun Fo was born at Kuantung in 1891, his father being Dr. Sun Yat- sen, head of the Southern Constitutional government. His elementary education was obtained in the schools of Honolulu and following the com- pletion of his work there he entered the University of California. In 1916 he was graduated from that university with the degree of B. A. He took his M. A. degree from the Columbia University in 1917. While at- tending school in Honolulu, he was engaged in journalistic works, being associate editor of The Liberty News, a Chinese language journal, from 1908 to 1911. Mr. Sun returned to China in August 1917 and at once took part in the organization of the first military government at Canton under his father. From 1918 to 1919 he was secretary of the Canton National Assembly. In the winter of 1919 he became an associate >editor of the Canton Times which position he held until 1920. He took an active part in the organization and financing of the campai^ against the Kuangsi
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 68.3
militarists in the period from July to October, 1920. Upon the formation of the commission form of government for the city of Canton in 1921, Mr. Sun was appointed to the position of Mayor. He held concurrently the position of director-general of the Board of Ck)nservancy Works of Kuang- tung. He was a member of the Legislative Commission which formulated the Canton City Charter and the local government system that has been put into effect throughout the province of Kuangtung. During the past twe years, he made several visits to Mukden and Shanghai as his father's representative to confer with the leaders of other parties on political affairs of China. Upon the defeat of the Chihli party in the war which started in September 1924, Mr. Sun Fo accompanied his father, Dr. Sun Yat-sen to Peking to participate in a discussion with the leaders of the Anfu-Fengtien party on the subject of National Reunification. Upon the death of his father, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, a considerable section of the con- servative element in the Kuomingtang party advocated that Mr. Sun Fo should assume the position as head of this organization, the place his father had so long held. He is now living in Shanghai.
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684
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Sun Pao*ch'i
Ml". Sun Pao-ch'i was born at Hangchow, Chekiang province, in 1867. He was the eldest son of late Sun I-ching, Imperial Tutor of Emperor Hsien Feng of the Ching regime. On account of his father's rank he was given the title of Yinsun when he had completed his studies in Chinese and was ready to enter the official circle. At first he was app^ointed a junior secretary of the Board of Justice and later made a Taotai in Chihli Province. In June 1902 after having successively served as secetary to Chinese legations in Vienna, Berlin and Paris, Mr. Sun was appointed Chinese Minister to France. Later he was recalled to Peking and in thei summer of 1906 he was Chief- Secretary to the Government Counoil. In the autumn of the same year he was appointed Giovernor of the Metropolitan District. From April 1907 to December 1908, Mr. Sun was Chinese Minister to Germany. In September 1908, four months be- fore he returned from Germany, he was appointed assistant director of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway. From June 1909 to December 1911, he was
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 685
Governor of Shantung. In December 1912, he was appointed by President Yuan Shih-kai the Co-Director General of the Customs Administration and in May 1913 he was promoted to be Director General. In September 1913 Mr. Sun succeeded Mr. Lu Tseng-hsiang as Minister of Foreign Affairs under the Hsiung Hsi-ling Cabinet. Upon the resignation of Premier Hsiung of which position he was relieved by Hsu Shih-chang in May 1914. In January 1915 he became Director-Ge^neral of the Audit Department, He was appointed Minister of Finance in April 1916, holding concurrently the post of Director-General of the Salt Administration. He was relieved of of the Famine Prevention Commission and associate director of the Famine these two positions two months later to become again the Director-General of the Customs Administration. In January 1920 he was given the First Class Wenfu. From February to May 1920, he was concurrently Director of the Grovernment Economic Information Bureau. In October 1921, Mr. Sun received two more concurrent positions, namely, President of the Relief Bureau. In January 1922 he was commissioned to be a Vice- president of the Yangtze Rivier Commission and in April 1922 to be vice- president of the Commission for the Study of diplomatic questions arising from the decisions of the Washington Conference, called by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In June 1922 he was appointed Director-General of the Famine Relief Bureau. In October 1922 he was given the Third Order of Merit. In November 1922 he received another concurrent post as one of the two directors of the office to provide means of living for the poor in the Metropolitan District, the other director being Mr. Hsiung Hsi-ling. In January 1923 Mr. Sun was appointed a member of the Educational Sinking Funds Commission. In January 1924 he was appointed Prime-Minister. At the same time he was relieved of the directorship of the Customs Administration by Kao Lin-wei. He resigned from the Prime Ministership in July 1924. Since then he has been living in retirement. Besides a popular official, Mr. Sun is also the president of the Han Yih Ping Coal and Iron Works and also of the China Merchants Steam Naviga- tion Company. In February 1925, Mr. Sun was appointed tupan of the new Shanghai- Woosung administration district which was created by the Peking- government, following the resignation of Marshal Chi Hsieh-yuan asTuchun of Kiangsu province.
686
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Tao-yu C. Sun (Sun To-yu)
Mr. Tao-yu C. Sun was born at Shou Hsten, Anhui province. After having received his preparatory education at hom^, he went to America in 1899 to study. He entered the Cornell University in 1905 and graduated with the degree of Civil Engineer in 1909. He returned to China in July 1909. Subsequently he was appointed a councillor of the Hanlin Yuan under the Ching Regime. Once he was an assistant examiner for students' going abroad for study. Mr. Sun was assistant-engineer of the Kirin- Changchun Railway, 1909-10; district engineer of the same railway, 1910- 11; managing director of the same railway, 1911-13; managing-director, Nanking-Changsha Railway, 1914-16; managing-director, Shanghai-Nanking Railway and Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo Railway, 1919; and managing
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 687
director of Chu-Ching, Chow-Hsiang and Hsiang-Ngo railways from 1916. He acted concurrently as director of the I-Kuei and Han-I sections of the Hankow-Szechuan Railway. In February 1920 Mr. Sun received the Second Class Chiaho decoration. In September 1920 he was commissioned to be a member of the Famine Relief Commission under the Ministry of Communications. In October 1920 he was appointed Director-General of the Pukow Port Construction. In November 1920 he was made a member of the Railway Finance Commission. In February 1921 he was given the Second Class Tashou Chiaho. In December 1921 he was relieved of the posts of managing director of Chu-ching, Chow-hsiang Railways., In July 1922 he was commissioned to be a member of the National Finance Discus- sion Commission. In September 1922 he was relieved of the Pukow Port post. In January 1923 Mr. Sun was appointed Vice-Minister of Communica- tions, which position he held until October 1924. In March 1923 he was made a member of the Mongolian Affairs Commission. In April 1923 he received the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In May 1923 he was commissioned to be a member of the Domestic and Foreign Debts Reor- ganization Commission. For a time Mr. Sun was President of the Tung Hui Industrial Corporation, a business enterprise founded by his elder brother, the late Sun To-sun, former Director-General of the Bank of China and once Governor of Anhui.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Sun Tso-chang
mm. ^^4-' mm
(Sun Tsu-ci'ang)
Mr. Sun Tso-chang, was born at Liaoyang Hsien, Fengtien province in 1886. He was graduated from the Peking Imperial University before the Republic. In March 1912, he was appointed Director of the Provincial In- dustrial School at Yinkow. After a few months t he school was moved to Mukden and the name was changed to Fengtien Provincial Industrial College, Mr. Sun was then appointed its president. In 1916, he was ap- pointed general director of the Fengtien Electric Light Company of Mukden. In 1920 he was transferred to be the general director of the Yuan Linfe Forestry Company of Hailunkiang. In the following year, he was appointed concurrently the general director of Ho Kang Coal Mine Company of Hai- lunkiang. He was at the same time the general manager of the Govern-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 689
ment Navigation Company of Hailunkiang and Sunhuakiang. In May, 1922, he received appointment as Councillor to the Military and Civil Governors of Kirin province; and in October of the same year, he was transferred to Mukden to be general manager of the Mukden Cotton Mill Company which is at present practically the biggest industrial enterprise in the Manchurian provinces.
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690
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Y. Ralph Sun
(Sun Yuan-fang)
Mr. Ralph Sun was born at Shou-Hsien, Anhui province, in 1883. He received his elementary education at home and went to America in April 1903 with private support. At Wesleyan Academy he prepared for college from 1903 to 1906. He studied Mining at Massachusetts Institute of Technology during 1906-09; and barking at Brown University during 1909- 12 graduating there with the degree of Ph. B. Mr. Sun returned to China in September 1912. He was inspector of the Bank of China, Peking, during 1912-13. He assisted in the drawing of bank rules and gold reserve re- gulations most of which received favorable attention of the bank authorities. He was member of the Currency Commission, in the Ministry of Finance, during 1913-14. In 1914 Mr. Sun was made sub-manager of the Bank of China, at Hankow. After two years' successful service, he resigned and accepted the general managership of the Fou ^ Foong Flour Mill Co., Shanghai, which post he is still holding. In 1916 Mr. Sun assisted
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 691
the late Mr. Sun Tsao-sun in establishing the Chung Foo Union Bank. Upon the formal opening of the Bank in May 1916, he became Shanghai manager of the Bank, as a concurrent post which he is still holding. He holds many other business positions, such as, director of the Flour Mer- chants' Guild, vice-president of the Chinese Bankers Association, Shanghai, member of editorial committee of the General Chamber of Commerce, Shanghai. He is also connected with the Chung Foo Union Bark, Fou Foong Fbur Mill Co., Tung Foong Flour Mil!, Honan, Tsi Foong Flour Mill. Shantung, Tai Loong Flour Mill, Wusih, Lee Hsin Transportation Co., Woo Foong GodowTi Co., Shanghai and Tung Hwei Industrial Development Co., Peking. He has been made a Counsellor of the Ministry of Agriculture & Comerce and has received three decorations of the "Chia Woo" rank.
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692
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Soong Tsung-faung
5tc # ^ ^ # «/
(Sung Ch'un fang)
Mr. Soong Tsung-faung was born in 1891 at Wu Shing, Chekiang. When he was a mere youth of thirteen, he received the degree of '•Shoutsai" or B. A. in the old Chinese Regime. He studied English at St. John's University, Shanghai, for some years, and later went to Switzer- land and entered the University of Geneva to study Social and Political Science. In 1915 he received the M. A. degree from that university. After his return to China, Mr. Soong became lecturer of modern languages in St. John's University from 1916 to 1917. Then he went to Peking and accepted the position of professorship in French Language in Tsing Hua
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 693
College which he held until 1918 when he left Tsing Hua to take up the Chair of French Literature in Peking Government University. In 1920 Mr. Soong took his second trip to Europe to investigate post-war social condi- tions and literary tendencies. While in Europe he also served as Secretary of the Chinese Delegation to the Peace Conference at Geneva. After his return from Europe Mr. Soong held several official positions, Secretary of Ministry of Finance, (January-June 1922 and again since September 1923) Co-Director of Loan Department, vice-chairman of the Tariff Investigation Commission. Mr. Soong is the author of the follow'ing publications: "Parcourant le Monde en Flammes," "La Literature Chinois Contemporaine" and "Dramatic Essays." Mr. Soong is the editor of the undermentioned periodicals: "Tribune de Geneva," "Revue de Geneva" and "The Eastern Times, (Shanghai)." Mr. Soong is. president of the Peking Esthetic Club.
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694
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr Far-san T. Sung
5tc « # ^' gC ^ (Sung Fa-hsiang)
Mr. Far-san T, Sung was born at Hsing-hua Hsien, Fqkien province, in 1883. He studied at Anglo-Chinese School, Hsinghua, 1896-1900. In August 1900 he went to America and studied Science at Ohio Wesle.y^n University, 1900-5, graduating with the degree of B. Sc; at the University of Chicago, 1905-7, graduating with the degree of B. Sc. also. He received M. S. degree from the Ohio Weeleyan in 1906. In August 1907 Mr. Sung returned to China. He passed the Imperial Examination for returned
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 695
students and obtained the degree of Chu-Jen. He was a teacher in the Fukien Provincial College, 1907; Professor of Chemistry, Peking Govern- ment University, 1908-12; Technical Expert of the Ministry of Finance, 1913; Co-Director of the Assaying Office, Ministry of Finance, 1912-13; Director of Soochow Mine, 1913; Co-Director of the Bureau of Printing and Engraving, 1914; Inspector General of Mints, Ministry of Finance, 1914-16; Director of Nanking Mint, 1917; Advisor to Tuchun of Kiangsu, 1915-16; private English secretary to the late President Feng Kuo-chang, 1917-18; political advisor to the President's Office, 1919. Mr. Sung has promoted quite a number of industrial enterprises, of which the Paoting^ Electric Works is one. In co-operation with Mr. Ling Ping-chang, a leading merchant at Foochow, he founded the Fukien Industrial Company in 1920; and with Mr. Chiang Tien-to, the Sino-Scandinavian Bank in Pek- ing, in the spring of 1921. He was a councillor-at-large of the Ministry of Finance in 1920 and again from 1922 to 1924. In April 1923 he was awarded the Second Class Chiaho Decoration. In May 1923 he was ap- pointed a member of the Commission for the Consolidation of Domestic and Foreign Debts. In September 1924 he became manager of the Peking Office of the Sino-Norwegian Bank which position he is still holding.
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696
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr* Sung Han-chang
515 g^ » '# 91 ^-
Mr. Sung Han-chang was born in 1872 at Chien-ning Hsien, Fukien
province, where his father was engaged in the salt business. In 1881 he
returned to his father's native city, Yu-yao Hsien, Chekiang province. He
studied there till 1889 when he joined the Chinese Telegraph Administra-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 697
tion as an accountant. While serving in that capacity he spent his leisure time in studying English. He left the Administration in May 1895 to join the service of the Chinese Customs Administration, Shanghai, as a clerk on the indoor staff.- Two years later he was transferred to.the Ningpo office. Mr. Sung resigned from the customs in 1898.in, order to return to the service of the Telegraph Administration as an accountant and private secretary to the-manager, 5lr. King Lien-shan. In the same year he ac- compained Mr. King' on the latter's trip to Hongkong and Macao, and became his. assistant when Mr. King returned to Shanghai and joined the Imperial Bark of China, now known as the Commercial Bank of China, in 1900. In August 1906 he went to Peking to start the Peking Savings Bank under the control of the Board of Revenue. This was jreally a. department for managing the savings accounts of the Ta Ching ■ Government Bank then in liquidation. By an order of the Minister of the Board. of Revenue. Mr. Sung returned to .Shanghai to - be' manager of the Ta Ching Bank in Shanghai. In 1912, with the consent of the local shareholders, he put the bank into liquidation. This involved a great volume of work for the manager and during a short period of time, the entire amount of capipal, totalling Haikwan Taels 5,000,000, was rutuined to the sharehoMers. On the other hand, Mr. Sung accepted tte appointment of manager of the Bank of China. The work of organizing and inaugurating the Bank of China also involved tremendous energy and trials, but Mr. Sung faced the' situatiton admirably. Just when Mr. Sung had set the bank on a firm footing, Yuan' Shih-kai proclaimed a state of moritorlum among the government banks and almost su2C83ded in undoing what Mr. Sung had labored for five years, to accomplish. The order was proclaimed by a Mandate on May 12, 1916, on accounnt of the government being short of funds. Instructions from Peking for Mr. Sung were that he should at once lock up the cash reserves in the strong room at the Shanghai office and remove his office to Chinese territory. Although he was impressed with the importance' of obeying this order, he realised that the financial market of the port wo'ald be greatly disturbed, if it were observed and carried out. Courageously he made up his mind to resist the order and transacted his banking business as usual, avoiding a financial panic and at the same time' keeping; the Shanghai notes at par. Mr. Sung has been for many years president of the Shanghai Barkers' Association and director of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, of the Red Cross. Society of. China, of the Anti- kidnapping. S'ocigty, and' of the- Sha-Hsing' Giiild. ,In 1916 he. was elected chairman of the Chinese General Chambet of . .Commerce, but J Be declined the honor on .account of. pressure, of. work in fiis banking business. He was awarded by the Peking government" the. Second Class. Chiaho in August 1919 and the Second Tashou Pabku-ngg Chiaho in April 1923.
698
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Genera] Sung Hsiao-lien
General Sung Hsiao-lien was born at Kirin, Kirin province, in 1864. After having studied in the regular Confucian schools, he joined the government service. Under the Ching Regime he held successively the following positions: a court secretary at Heilungkiang province; director of the Foreign Affairs Bureau connected with the Harbin Railway; Taotai of Hailar, Brigadier General at Hurunpir, Heilungkiang; Deputy Commis- sioner of Civil Administration of Heilungkiang from March 1911; Commis- sioner, from December 1911; and Governor of the province during the First Revolution. In March 1912, the Peking government appointed General Sung the Tutu or Military Governor of Heilungkiang. In August
1913 h3 resigned on account of opposition from the Russians. In May
1914 he was appointed by Yuan Shih-kai as a member of the State Council.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 699
He lived an inactive life until June 1920 when he was appointed Director General of the- Chinese Eastern Railway. It was he who ordered that the Russians guilty of the Chinese law be bambooed in the regular ancient fashion, thus making himself unpopular with the Russians in Harbin. He was given the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho in January 1921; relie>V€d of the directorship in January 1922; and given the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho in December 1922.
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700
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Sung Tso-chiu
(Sung Shu-heng)
Mr. Sung Tse-chiu was born at Tientsin in 1863. He had a humble beginning in life and is now the most influential merchant at that port. Mr. Sung was an apprentice in a small store in hJs early youth. He- gradually work 3d his way up until he became manager of the Teng Ching Lung Company, one of the largest piece goods stores at Tientsin! . After his resignation, . he devoted his time and energy to the promotion of native goods stores and the encouragement of native products. In consequence of his activity in that direction, he was elected pres.ident of the Associia- tion for Industrial and Commercial Studies, and chairman of the Industrial Association, both of these offices being filled with great credit to himself. He invented An Kuo Pu or "Loving Country Cloth" to replace imported cloth. An Kuo Pu has now become so popular that it is extensively used by every family in the country and during the baginning of the: Great War, large quantities of it were shipped to Russia where it was in high
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 701
demand. In 1915, he promoted the movement of boycotting Japanese goods as a result of the Twenty-One Demands Japan made upon China. When the European Peace Conference decided the Shantung issue in Japan's favor, he together with his friends promoted the organization of ten-men groups to arouse a healthy national feeling. In recognition of his en- thusiasm, he was elected vice-president of this organization, which subsequently proved to be one of the most influential 'organizations in promoting the boycott movement. On account of his Anti-Japanese activities, he was wanted by the Tientsin Police. Among the various offices he now holds are: dii*ector of the Native Goods Store which was founded more than fifteen years ago; chairman of the Association for the. Encouragement of Native Products; director of the Anti-Narcotic As- sociation ; A member of the People's Association ; chairman of the Financial Committee of the Union of Various Professions; assistant manager of the Tientsin Soap Factory. Mr. Sung is a Christian, and interested in the social welfare of the community in which he lives. Once he was president of the Reformatory where men with criminal inclinations or those who are mentally distorted are sent for treatment. Mr. Sung has established six schools at Tientsin all at his own expense. They are called Sung's Schools.
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702
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Genersl T'an Yen-k'ai
General T'an Yen-k'ai was born at Ch'a-Iin Hsien, Hunan province, in 1876, his father being the late T'an Chung-lin, the Viceroy of Hu and Kuang Provinces. He became a Metropolitan Graduate in 1904 and was subsequentlj' made a Hanlin Compiler, being admitted to the Hanlin Academy. Shortly afterwards he resigned from the Academy and returned home for retirement. While residing in Hunan, he was, however, active in local politics. In consequence he was elected chairman of the Provincial Assembly of Hunan in 1909, when the Ching House gave every indication of its determination to introduce constitutional government. In October 1911 the First Revolution broke out and General T'an was elected Chief of Military Affairs with headquarters at Changsha. In July 1912 he was appointed Tutu or Military Governor of Hunan. In October 1913 he was ordered by Yuan Shih-kai to turn over the office of Tutu to Tang Hsiang-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 703
ming. He was suspected of being disloyal to Yuan in connection with the Second Revolution which broke out In the summer of 1913. In June 1916, Yuan Shih-kai died. In August 1916 he was appointed Civil Governor of Hunan and concurrently Military Governor the denomination of which had by that time been changed from Tutu to Tuchun. He was relieved of the Tuchun post by Fu Liang-teo, a confidential man of Tuan Chi-jui, then Prime Minister, in August 1917. Subsequently the Kiangsi troops invaded Hunan, captured Changsha and drove away General Fu. In December 1917 General T'an again became Tuchun of Hunan, this time being appointed by the Southern-western government. In the mean time the Peking govern- ment ordered General Tsao Kun, General Wu Pei-fu and General Chang. Chin-yao to retake Hunan. Their combined forces finally succeeded in recapturing Changsha and Yochow in April 1918, but the south-western troops unnder General Tan's leadership still occupied part of 'Hunan's- territory. In March 1919, before the victory was completed, Peking appointed General Chang Chin-yao, an Anfu man, Military Governor of Hunan, instead of General Wu Pei-fu, who should have deserved this ap- pointment because it was his troops who alone recaptured these two important cities. For a time, there were two military governors in Hunan, one appointed by Peking and the other by Canton. In March 1920, General Wu Pei-fu retired from Hunan to Paotingfu under the excuse of giving a rest to his troops but really as a protest against Peking's refusal to pay his- men although the- Anfu generals received their monthly allowance more regularly. Upon his retirement from Hunan, General Chang Chin-yao could not hold his ground. General Tan, taking advantage of the sitratatcon, advanced with his men, captured and expelled Chang Ching-yao in June 1820. After Chang's flight, he became the civil as well as the military governor of Hunan, but he did not function as such under orders of Peking. On November 2, 1920 General T'an declared a self-governm-ent in Hunan. • On the 23rd, the civil and military administrations were sepa- rated with General Chao Heng-ti taking up the command of the military, troops and General T'an temporarily in chrage of the civil administration, awaiting the election by the people of the new governor. A week later the latter was relieved of the governorship by General Ling Chih-yu, who is General Chao's man. Since then General T'an joined the Southern govern- ment and made several attempts in vain to restore his stand in Hunan. In June 1922 when the Chihli-Fengtien War had just broken, out, the Peking government appointed him Acting Minister of the Interior but he did not accept the offer. In October 1923 he was awarded the Second Order of Merit.
704
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General T'ang Chi-yao
General T'ang Chi-yao was born at Tung-chuan Hsien, Yunnan province, in 1885. He was a Hsiu-Tsai in the Ching Dynasty and was graduated from the Provincial High College of Yunnan. In November 1909 he entered the Military Cadets' Academy, Japan, and was graduated from the Artillery Department in 1910. Upon his return to China, he served in the Army of Fengtien Province. Shortly afterwards he went to Yunnan becoming Staff Officer to the Viceroy of Yunnan-Kueichow and President of the Military Training College. General Tang became a revolutions when he was in Japan where he made acquaintances with the revolutionary leaders. The First, Revolution broke out at Wuchang on October 10, 1911. General Ts'ai Ao, Li Lieh-chun and T'ang Chi-yao responded to the revolutionary call by declaring independence in Yunnan on October 30. Ts'ai was elected Tutu and T'ang became Chief Staff Officer of the Yunnan Military govern- ment. In April 1912, at the recommendation of Ts'ai Ao, President Yuan! Shih-kai appointed General T'ang the Tutu of Kueichow Province. In
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 705
July 1916, President Li Yuan-hung appointed General T'ang the Tuchuni, new designation of military governor, of Yunnan. In September 1916 h© was again ordered to act concurrently a Civil Governor of Yunnan. Aftear one year's quiet administration, another trouble started in which General T'ang was sariously involved. In May 1918 the Extraordinary Parliament elected seven directors to administer the Opposition Government and General T'ang was one of them. At first these leaders were in concerted action against the north. Soon, quarrels occurred between them. In June 1919 the Kuo Ming^ Tang elements including General T'ang were ousted by the Kuangsi faction. In December 1919 the Extraordinary Parliament ceased to function on account of military interference by the Kuangsi faction. Then General T'ang invited the parliamentarians to Yunnan, where they assembled in July 1920. In June 1920 General T'ang, in a circular telegram abolished the post of Tuchun of Yunnan and assumed the commandership of Yunnan and Szechuan Allied Forces. In July 1920 he drove out General Hsiung Ke-wu from Chengtu, the capital of Szechuan and assumed the control of that province. In September 1920 General Hsiung Ke-wu, assisted by Liu Tsen-hou came back to Chengtu, drove General T'ang out of Szechuan, and Yunnan was left to itself. In Decem- ber 1920 the Kuo Ming Tang leaders resumed the . control of Kuangtun;g; and General T'ang became a Military Director again. During the following year he directed the troops remaining loyal to him ' in operations agB,insb the Szechuan leaders. In March 1922 General T'ang returped to Yunnan again and since that time he has been in control of that, province and also a part of -Szechuan province.
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706
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Tang Shao-yi
(T'ang Shao-i)
Mr. Tang Shao-yi was born at Fang-yu Hsien, Kuangtung province, in 1860. In 187S he was sent to America among the first group of Chineise students to study there with government support. He remained in the United States for seven years. He attended the Columbia University, New York but he returned to China before his graduation upon the order of the government which was sceptical about the real usefulness of the Western education. Mr. Tang was appointed assistant in charge of the Korean Maritime Customs in 1882, one year after his return from America. Later he attracted the attention of Yuan Shih-klai, and was appointed secretary to the Imperial Resident in Korea. After the China-Japanese War, Mr. Tong was Consul-General in Korea. Shortly afterwards he was employed on the staff of the Peiyang Railway Administration. In the winter of 1900 Mr. Tang was with Yuan Shih-fcai in Shantung it was the year of the Boxer rising, and Mr. Tang cooperated with Yuan Shih-kai in the suppression of the disturbances. In March 1902 he was appointed Customs Taotai of Tientsin, In October 1904 he was appointed 'special commissioner to Tibet. He visited India as China's envoy to negotiate the Tibet convention, which was subsequently completed at Peking in Nov- ember 1905. In December 1905 Mr. Tang was appointed Junior vice- president of the Board of Polreign Affairs. Shortly afterwards, he was
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 707
made Director- General of the Shanghai- Nanking Railway and the Lu-Han Railway. In May 1906 h3 was made ConrptrQller-General of the Revenue Council in Peking. In January 1907 he became Senior Vice-President af the Board of Communications. At the same time he continued to act as Vice-President of the Board of Foreign Affairs. In April 1907 he was appointed first Governor of Fengtien upon the reorganization of the government of Manchuria when Hsu Shih-chang was Viceroy of Manchuria. In July of 1908 he was sent as a special envoy to America to thank the. United States government for waiving part of the Boxer indemnity. In July of 1908 he resigned the governorship of Fengtien. In , August 1910, Mr. Tang was expectant Vice-President of the Board of Communications, and soon afterwards was asked to act for the President, but he resiigned his office in the following spring. On the dismissal of Sheng Hsuan-huai on October 27, 1911, Mr. Tang was appointed President of the Board of Communications. On December 7, Yuan appointed Mr. Tang to head the revolutionary leaders for peace at Shanghai. On December 27, he re- signed from this position. Mr. Tang was appointed Prime Minister under the Republican government i;i February 1912. This position he held until June 1912. Subsequently he became High Advisor to President Yuan. He denounced Yuan Shih-kai in 1915 when the latter aspired to be Emperor and worked against his imperial plan. After the death of Yuan Shih-kai in June 1916, Li Yuan-hung became President who appointed Tuan Chi-jui to be Prime Minister. Mr. Tang was appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs. But he did not assume office on account of opposition in Peking, Ha was officially relieved of the portfolio in September 1916. In; May 1918 Mr. Tang was elected by this Parliament as one of the seven directors of the Canton Military government. In iFebruary 1919 he was appointed by the Canton government to head the southern delegation to the conference held at Shanghai for the settlement of China's internal trouble which com-, menced in 1917. In October 1919 he resigned from this mission. In May 1920 a dissention occurred between the directors of the Canton government as a result of which Mr. Tang and other Kuomingtang directors had to leave Canton. However, in December 1920 they regained their position at Canton. In April 1921 the Canton Parliament elected Dr. Sun Yat-sen President. Mr. Tang became Minister of Finance. In August 1922, the First Parliament was reconvoked in Peking. Subsequently President Li Yuan-hung appointed Mr. Tang Prime-Minister. In the meantime Sun Yat- sen's party was ousted from Canton by General Chen Chiung-ming'. Mr. Tang returned to Shanghai but did not proceed to Peking to assume office. When the Chihli party was defeated in the internal civil war which began in September 1924, Mr. Tang was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs, in the nev/ Provisional Cabinet formed in Peking by the Anfu-Fengtien party. Mr. Tang, however, declined the appointment and is still residing in Shanghai.
708
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General T'ang Tsai-Ii
General T'ang Tsai-ll was born at Shanghai in 1882. He passed in 1898 the competitive examinations conducted by the Shanghai School of Languages and was sent to Japan as a government student. He was among the first group of Chinese students sent to the Japanese Military- Cadet School. He entered this school in October 1901, taking a course in applied artillery and engineering, graduating there in 1904. In 1904 General T'ang returned to China and served under Yuan Shih-kiai, who was then Viceroy of Peiyang, as his staff officer, chief assistant instructor and in various other capacities at the Training Bureau. He -acted as umpire at the manoeuvres held in Hokienfu, Chihli and Changtehfu Honan. In 1900, was appointed commander of the artillery regiment of the Fiftb Division stationed in Shantung. In 1908 he became chief of the depart- ment of the Training Bureau of the Metropolitan Forces. In the same year, he was commissioned Lieutenant -Colonel of the artillery, chief staff officer of the manoeuvres at Chochow, Chihli and inspected the National
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 709
Manoeuvre of Japan. In 1910, went to Urga, Mongolia, as the chief of the military staff there. In the following year, he returned to Peking to become the staff officer of Yuan Shih-Kai. Upon the establishment of the Republic, Yuan Shih-kai sent him as one of the Northern Delegates to negotiate with the Nanking government to effect the unification of the North and the South. He served later in the year 1912 as Military Counselor to President Yuan, being promoted as a- Brigadier-General and awarded the Fourth Order of Merit. In 1914 he became Deputy Chief of the Military Council in the President's Office and a year later he was promoted to be Chief of the Council. In February 1915 he was commis- sioned to act as Deputy-Chief of the General Staff. In June 1915 he was appointed Acting Deputy Chief of the General Staff which position was substantiated to him in August 1915. In December 1915 he was ordered to act as Chief of the General Staff. In July 1916 he resigned from these posts, to accept a military councillorship in the president's office. In 1918 General T'ang was sent to Europe as the Chinese representative at the Allied Military Council. During the first part of 1919 he was at Paris as Chief Military Delegate on the Chinese Delegation to the Peace Conference. In December 1919 he was appointed Deputy Chief of the Genleral Sta'ff although he was still in Europe making an extensive travel throughout the Balkans as well as Central and Southern Europe. While in England he was knighted (K. B. E.) by King George. He returned to China in the summer of 1920 and resigned from the General Staff in August that year. In recognition of his services, he was made a Chiangchun, of the College of Marshals with "Yen-Wei" as special title and also decorated with the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho and the Second Class Wenfu Decorations. In January 1922 he was appointed a Member of the Com- mission on Mongolian Affairs. General T'ang is the wearer of the French Legion d'Honneur, Commander; the Belgian Order of Crown, Commander; and the Greek Order of the Second Class.
710
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Teng Hsi-hou
General Teng was born in 18S9 in the city of Yungahanhsien in Sze- chwau. His education has baen entirely along military lines. After attending a Miltary Primary School in Szechwan he went to Nanking to the Military Middle School there. After graduating £rom the Paoting Military Academy he returned to Szechwan. In 1912, after the Revolution, like most of the other military leaders of the day the Republic gave him his opportunity. Ee has risen successively through the ranks, being recognized now as one of the important leaders in his native province. Since he was made a Brigadier General in 1918 he has held several dif- ferent commands including those of Bandit Suppression and General. As the latter he was to have had command of the Fo^urth Szechwan Army; this did not materialize. He is best known as the leader of the old Third " Division, which he has led since 1921, now known as the 30th National
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 711
Division. General Teng is also in close touch with the old 7th Division, now the 31st National Division, led by General Cheng Kweh Tung. As such he was recognized as a Subordinate Generalissimo which was equiv- alent to a General Commanding an Army. General Teng has been given all the customary honors given by Peking. He was made a Chiangin in 1923 with the title of "Pao Wei." For his part in the fighting, of 1923, wheji both he and General Cheng helped the Allied Armies, he has been given a higher rank as Marshal so that his emoluments are considered very pretentious. At present General Teng is the Civil Governor of Sze- chwan by appointment from Peking.
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712
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 713
Prizeman in International Law at London University, which honor he held until 1916. Dr. Tyau, after his graduation at St. John's University and before going abroad, interested himself in the publication of the World's Chinese Students' Journal, which existed from 1906 to»1913 and of which he subsequently became an editor. While attending the Univers- ity of London, he acted as London correspondent of the Republican Advocate .(Shanghai) between 1912 and 1913, edited the East in the West (London), etc., frequently contributed articles to the (London) Times, the Contemporary Review, etc. In August of 1910, he represented China at the Universal Peace Congress at Stockholm, represented China together with Dr. C. T. Wang at the World's Christian Students, Conference at Con- stantinople in May of 1911, and at the Anti-Opium Conference, Paris, in May of 1914. Upon his return to China in September 1916, Dr. Tyau was engaged by the Tsing Hua College to lecture on International Law and teach English. This post he held until September '1919. He joined the faculty of the Tsinghua College in October 1919 again. From December 1921 to May 1922 Dr. Tyau was Secretary to the Minister of Communications. In April 1922 he was appointed Secretary of the Post- Washington Confer- ence Commission. In May 1922 he was awarded the Fourth Class Chiaho Decoration and in April 1923 the Third Class Chaho. Dr. Tyau is the author of the following works: "The Legal Obligations arising out of Treaty Relations between China and other States" (1917); "China's New Constitutions and International Problems" (1918); edited "China in 1918" (1919); and "London through Chinese Eyes' (1920). The last mentioned work was published by Headly Brothers, illustrated by a Chinese lady artist and contains a preface by Sir John Jordan, former British Minister in Peking.
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714
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Philip K. C. Tyau
(Tiao Tso-ch'ien)
Dr. Philip K. C. Tyau was born at Hsing-ning Hsien, Kuangtung pro- vince, in 1880. In 1889 he went to Honolulu where his father was a well- known merchant. In 1896 he entered St. John's University, Shanghai. After graduatipn from that institution in 1901 he went to London and entered a secondary school in North London to learn Latin. After one year's 'pre- paration he enrolled himself at Christ College, Cambridge University. He obtained his B. A. degree in 1905 and his LL.B. degree in 1907. Also in 1907 he became Barrister-at-law of the Middle Temple. He took his M. A. degree at Cambridge in 1908. During the interval between his graduation at Cambridge and call to the Bar he took the second year engineering course at Sheffield University. He registered himself for the LL.D. degree at the London University but had to return to China before the completion of his
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 715
course. In 1907 he was appointed a secretary to the Director of the Im- perial Student Mission which had charge of all the Chinese students in Europe. He succeeded to the post of Director in 1909. He returned to Peking in 1910 and entered for the examination for returned students and obtained the Chin Shih LL.D. degree. He was a successful candidate at the Palace Examination in 1911 and was appointed a Hanlin of the First Grade (Compiler of the Imperial Academy). During the Revolution in 1911-1912 Dr. Tyau took up the editorship of the Peking Daily News. When the Wai Chiao Pu (Foreign Office) was reorganised in 1912 he was appointed one of its four secretaries. In August 1912 he was appointed Councillor of the legation in London where he remained April 1916 when he was recalled by President Yuan Shih-kai for some specific duty. On his arrival at Peking in June after the President's death he rejoined the Wai Chiao Po as an Assistant Secretary. In 1917 he was appointed concurrently Assistant Secretary of the Cabinet. In April 1918 he was made Sec- retary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In December 1918 he became an Acting Councillor of the same Ministry. In February 1919 he was awarded the Fourth Class Wenfu. In April 1919 be was appointed to act as Chief of the Intelligence Bureau. In May 1919 he received the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho. In August 1919 he was one of the examiners of the Diplomatic and Consular Service Examination. In February 1920 Dr. Tyau was made a Director of the Tsingfhua College. In September he became a Councillor of the Foreign Office. In September 1920 he became concurrently Chief Secretary of the Peace' Treaty Discussion Commission under the Foreign Office. In October 1920 he received another concurrent position, viz Superintendent of the Diplomatic Intelligence Service. In February 1921 he was given the Second Class Tashou Chiaho. In August 1921 he was appointed Chinese Minister to Cuba. In October 1921 he was ordered to hold temporarily the post of Chief Secretary of the Chinese Delegation to Washington Conference. In January 1922 he was appointed to be concurrently Chinese Minister to Panama. This and the Cuba positions he is still holding. In May 1922 he received the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho and in October 1922 the Third Class Wenfu. Dr. Tyau is one of the few returned students who have gained laurels at out door games and have kept them up after their return to China. He was Captain of Christ- College Cambridge at lawn tennis and represented Cambridge University more than once at that game although he did not play in the Oxford-Cam- bridge match which alone entitles a player to receive the "Blue," He was also a member of his College team at Association football and played in the University League. He was the champion of the Peking International Lawn Tennis Club and won the open singles championship at Tientsin. Dr. Tyau is a Christian and takes a great interest in Y. M. C. A. work.
716
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. T'ien Ying-huang
Mr. T'ieii Ying-huang was born at Hun- Yuan Hsien, Shansi province, in 1866. He became a Chu-Jen or Provincial Graduate in 1894 through competitive examinations. During the subsequent years Mr. T'ien devoted himself to the promotion of education in his native province. In re- cognizance of his good service, the Imperial government at the request of the Governor of Shansi gave Mr. T'ien the qualification to become a Magistrate. Mr. T'ien was sent to Hupei where he was Magistrate of Lei-Feng Hsien for several years. Later he was transferred to En-Sze Hsien. Upon the outbreak of the First Revolution in Hupei, Mr. T'ien became a secretary to General Sze Hao, playing a part in the revolutionary
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 717
activities. In May 1912 Mr. T'ien returned to Shansi to accept the post of High Political Advisor to the Tutuh of the province. President Yuan Shih-kai offered him the post of Commssioner of Kuei-Sui Area, but he declined to accept. Mr. T'ien was elected a Senator of the First Parliament which was convoked in April 1913 and dissolved in January 1914. In March 1913 Mr. T'ien became a member representing Shansi in the Yueh- Fa-Hui-I called by Yuan Shih-kai for the sole purpose of drafting a Provisional Constitution to replace the one promulgated by Sun Yat-sen in 1912 at Nanking. Aft3r the promulgation of the new constitution in May 1914 and the close of the conference that followed, Mr. T'ien was appointed an Assistant Compiler of the Ching History Compilation Bureau. After some time he returned to Shansi and became Chancellor of the Shansi University. Mr. T'ien did not take his seat in the Senate when the First Parliament was reconvoked in 1916 after the death of Yuan Shih-kai. It was again dissolved in June 1917. Mr. T'ien was a Member of the Pro- visional Senate which was convoked in January 1918. The formation of the Senate was demanded by the northern military leaders for the sole purpose to revise the Parliamental Election Laws upon which the First Parliament had been based. Based upon the new Election Laws, a new Parliament was called by the northern government in 1918. It was con- voked in August that year. Mr. T'ien was elected vice-president of the Senate. In June 1919 Mr. T'ien was awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho, in October 1919 the First Class Tashou Chiaho and in January 1920 the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. The new Parliament was dismissed in August 1920 after the 'Chihli-Anfu war. In October 1920 he was appointed to assist General Yen Hsi-shan in famine relief work in the province of Shansi. In September 1921 Mr. T'ien received the First Class Wenhu Decoration. The First Parliament was reconvoked in August 1922 in Peking after the Chihli-Fengtien war, and Mr. T'ien took his seat in Senate again.
718
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General M. K. Tinn
r m^mm
(Ting Chin)
General M. K. Tinn was born at Wu-hsi Hsien, Kiangsu province, in 1878. He received his Chinese education under a private tutor and modern education in the Nanyang College, Shanghai, from which he was graduated in 1897. He is proficient in the Japanese language. Scon after his gradua- tion, he went to North China and through the introduction of Wu Shi- lung, former President of Peking Government University, joined General Tuan Chi-jui, who was then holding the position of Chief of the General Staff of the Viceroy of Chihli, in the capacity of translator to undertake the translation ^from Japanese into Chinese of all the books on military tactics. After having translated the Japanese books into Chinese for three months,- he applied to General Tuan for permission to enter a mili- tary school to study military tactics. His request was granted, and he
J
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 719
joined the Peiyang Military Academy in which institution most of the military leaders in China today were educated. He graduated in 1902. During his three years of stay in the Peiyang Military Academy he headed his class in every subject. Four different generals including General Tuan and the late President Feng Kuo-chang applied for his service. General Feng who was then engaged in training troops succeeded in getting General Tinn to work under him. In 1903, when General Feng was appointed Director-General of the Royal Military College in Peking, Gen- eral Tinn became a teacher of that school and it was then considered a high honor to teach princes, marquises, and barons. In 1905 General Tinn was a member of the Army Board and transferred to study military science and tactics under a Japanese officer who consented to become a Chinese subject by arrangement with the late President Yuan Shih-kai, then Grand Councillor, and expressed his willingness to build up a strong army for China. General Tieh Liang, president of the Army Board, at the request of Yuan Shih-kai, detailed ten junior officers to receive personal in- structions from the Japanese and exempted them from attending the Board, General Tinn was one of the ten junior officers. In 1906, General Tinn was engaged by the Army Board as an adviser. In 1907 he was invited by Li Ching-hsi, Viceroy of Yunnan and Kweichow, to be Chief of the General Staff in the Viceroy's Yamen and he was also in command of 2,000 troops, /iln 1911, the revolution came, and though truly republican at heart, General Tinn refused to revolt against the reigning dynasty on the ground that every disciplined military man must be loyal to the government he serves. He left Yunnan without baggage and money. After several months of travelling he reached Shanghai at the height of the revolution. His native place wanted him to help them in crushing the Manchu government, and the Northern government wired to him for his service iii the North. He responded to neither request. He said that he could not take sides with the republican elements and fight the northern generals who used to be his teachers and chiefe, nor could he help the Manchus and fight his own people and his relatives. He remained quietly at Shanghai during the revolution. After the revolution. General Tinn went to Peking at the invitation of Yuan Shih-kai and was appoint- ed Supervisor of the Ministry of War to look after the military education of soldiers and officers. In 1914, he was appointed Councillor of the Ministry of War. In 1917, he assisted Marshal Tuan in defeating the monarchical movement of General Chang Hsun. Upon the appointment of Marshal Tuan as Prime Minister after the restoration of the Republic, he was made Chief of the Military Operations Department of the Ministry of War. This post he held until January 1919. Later he was made a Major- General and was given the Third Brigade of the Frontier Force to command. At the end of 1919 he was appointed Chief of the Chinese Government Aeronautic Bureau. In January 1920 he was awarded the Fifth Order of Merit. In August 1920, after the fall of the Anfu govern- ment, he was relieved of the Aeronautic post. In January 1921 he was made a Lieutenant General and in February 1921 he was again appointed Chief of the Government Aeronautic Bureau.
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720
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General S. V. W. Ting
T -fc ig ^ R3 ^
(Ting Shih-yuan)
General S. Y. W. Ting was born at Wu-hsing Hsien, Chekiang province, in 1897. In his youth he attended the St. John's College at Shanghai. For a time he was engaged in the insurance business. Later through the assistanco of a (Manchu Prince he entered the government service. Before long he was made an important officer in the Chienmen Octroi, Pekingv While serving as tax officer, he devoted his leisure time to the publica- tion of a daily newspaper together with the son of an influential official. One day Na Tung, former Grand Councillor in the Manchu regime, dis-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 721
covered that paper had been attacking him, and in the course of a cabinet conference, proposed to have these two youngsters shot. General Ting's royal patron hearing of this intention secretly passed a word to him, and finally helped him to get away from Peking. After leaving the Chienmen Octroi. General Ting went to England to study for a year or so. During his sojurn abroad he was delegat3d to attend a Hague Conference where he represented himself as Advocate-General. The Conference wired to Peking for confirmation of his representation and Peking sent the con- firmation desired. Subsequently he returned to China and gradually worked his way up. He was Chief of the Law Department of the Board of War; Advisor to the Board of the Interior; and Director of the Metropolitan Police College. In January 1924 General Ting was appointed Superintendent of the Customs of Hankow and concurrently Commissioner for Foreign Affaiis of Hupei Province. These positions he held until July 1916. In June 1917 he was given the Second Class Wenfu. Later he was ap- pointed managing-director of the Peking-Suiyuan Railway. In December
1918 he was appointed the managing director of the Peking-Hankow Railway. In February 1919 he received another concurrent position as Chief of the Aviation Department. In April 1919 he was commissioned to be associate director-general of the Lung- Yen Iron Mining Company. In October 1919 he was .made a Lieutenant-Gfeneral. Toward the end of
1919 General Ting amalgamated the Peking-Hankow and the Peking- Suiyuan Railways anl became their managing director. In January 1920 he was given the Fifth Order of Merit. Upon the collapse of the Anfu forces, he fled and became a guest of the Imperial Japanese Legation, Peking, from which he escaped on November 1922. During 1923-24 he he was editing a daily paper in Tientsin which has been known to be an organ of the Japanese interests.
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722
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. T. Chinpin Tsai ^ IE ^ jtt ^ (Ts'ai Cheng)
Mr. T. Chinpin Tsai was born in Nan-An, Kiangsi Province, in 1892. Ho studied at the Yu-Chang Methodist Preparatory School, Nanchang. where he was awarded a scholarship as the best pupil for the year 1906- 1907. From 1907-1910 he attended Nanking University and the following year was graduated from the Fuh Tan Middle School, Mr. Tsai then spent
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 723
a year touring Japan, returning in 1912 to study at Tsing Hua College, from which he was graduated in 1915, after taking a leading part in student activities such as oratorical contests, debates, and editing the Tsing Hua weekly paper, the Tsinghuapper. During 1915-1916 Mr. Tsai taught English and mathematics at Tsing Hua. Mr. Tsai went to America in 1916 on a Tsing Hua scholarship, studying at Pomona College, Clare- mont, California, where he was member of the Areopagus literary and debating^ lociety and winner of the second prize in the Freshman oratorical contest. In 1917 he entered Princeton University, where he was a member of the Clio literary and debating society. iDuring ■ 1917-1918, he studied eccnomics at College, from which he received an A. B. degree. The following year he studied economics and business in Columbia University, receiving an M. A. degree. Before returning to China in 1920, Mr. Tsai was editor-in-tchief of the Chinese Students' Quarterly of th3 Chinese Students' Alliance, and treasurer and president of the Tsing Hua .^.lumni Association in America. He worked in the export department of the Wah Chang Trading Corporation, New York City, durin.!]^ his last year in America. Returning to China. Mr. Tsai became dean of the Business School and professor of business science, Fuh Tan University, Shanghai, where he remained for two years. He was lecturer on business principles at the Shanghai Commercial College of National Southeastern University in 1921-1922, and also lecturer on banking and exchange in the Commercial Department of the Chi Nan Institute, Shanghai, and instructor of business English at the Kiangsu First Provincial Commercial School, Shanghai. In 1922, he went to Tsing Hua College, Peking, as teacher of economics and business, and has been Alumni Secretary since 1923.
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724
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Ts'ai Ch'eng-hsun
General Ts'ai Ch'eng-hsun was born at Tientsin, Chihli province, in 1873. He was graduated from the Peiyang Military Academy in 1899. Subsequently he was appointed a deputy to the Metropolitan Banner Troops. Concurrently he acted as teacher of the military school attached to the troops. After a few years he was promoted to be a deputy director of the Metropolitan Garrison forces. Later he became a proctor in the headquarters of the Metro'politan Troops and staff-officer of the First Imperial Division. Still later he was appointed assistant commander of the troops stationed in the vicinity of Peking and afterwards staff officer of the Training Headquarters. In 1911, before the First Revolution, General Ts'ai was appointed commander of the 41st Brigade stationed in Chekiang province. During the First Revolution, he was commissioned to direct field operations against the Shansi revolutionary forces at Nang- Tzu-Kuan on the Cheng-Tai Railway. Upon the establishment of the Republic, Yuan Shih-kai appointed him an aid-de-camp of the President's Office and also made him a Major-GeneraJ. In September 1913 he was appointed Commander of the First Brigade of the First Division. In August 1914
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 725
he was promoted to be the Commander-in-Chief of the First Division and made a Lieutenant General. During the subsequent two years, his troops under his personal director were engaged in the suppression of banditry at Dolonor and Suiyuan districts. In October 1916 he was awarded the Second Class Chiaho. In July 1917 General Ts'ai was appointed Com- mander of the 7th Unit of the forces engaged in the expeditionary campaign against the southern opponents. In August 1917 he was made Tutung of the Charhar Special Dstrict and also given the brevet of Full General. In August 1919 he was awarded the First Class Wenfu; in October 1919, the Second Class Tashou Chiaho, and in October 1920, the Third Order of Merit. In the new-year of 1921 he was appointed Tuchun and Civil Governor of Kansu province. But he did not proceed to this post and was appointed Minister of War in May 1921. This post he held until December 1921 when he was made a Chiangchun of the College of Marshals with "Chi-Wei" as special title. In May 1922 General Ts'ai was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the northern forces sent to defend Kiangsi province against the invasion by Li Lieh-chun. In June 1922 he was ordered to assume control of the military forces in that province. In September 1922 he was appointed Military Director (Tuchun) of Kiangsi. In October 1922 he was given the Secoind Order of Merit. In November 1923 he was made a Full General. In December 1923 he was ordered to act as Civil Governor of Kiangsi concurrently.
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726
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr, Char Kwang-ki
(Ts'ai Kuang-i)
Mr. Char Kwang-ki was born at Shanghai in 1889. From 1901 to 1908 he studied at the St. John's University, Shanghai. He was bhe winner of the gold medal in an essay contest in 1907 and was editor of St. John's Echo in 1908. With government support Mr. Char went to
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 727
America in 1908 and studied civil engineering at Cornell University where he graduated in 1912 with the degree of C. E. He was elected to Siglna Xi in April 1912 and was second vice-president of the Cosmopolitan Club 1911-12. Mr. Char returned to China in 1912. The first professional position he held in China was that of assistant engiineer of the Pukow Commercial Port during 1912 and 1913. He was professor of Civil Engineering in St. John's University 1913-14; assistant engineer of the Szechuan-Hankow Railway, I-Chang Section, 1914-1915; assistant engineer of the Nanking-Hunan Railway, 1916; Secretary and Engineer of the Chu-Ching Railway, 1917-1920. From May 1921 to January 1922 Mr. Char was secretary to the Minister of Communciations, Peking. While in that capacity, he was sent to Washington in the winter of 1921 as a technical expert of the Chinese Delegation to the Pacific Conference. He was given the Third Class Chiaho in June 1922. Since his leaving Peking in 1922, he has been connected with the Shanghai Office of the Chung Foo Union Banking Corporation.
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728
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Admiral Tsai Ting-kan
(Ts'ai T'ing-kan)
Admiral Tsai Ting-kan was born at Hsiang-shan Hsien, Kuangtung province, in 1861. He received his early education at a country school, and afterwards studied at the Chinese Educational Mission School in Shanghai from 1872-73, which was organized by Mr. Yung Wing, pioneer of China's modern education. He was one of the students of the first batch sent to America in 1873, as arranged by Mr. Yung Wing. Admiral Tsai was assigned to Hartford Grammar School upon his first arrival.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 729
Later he was transferred to the New Britain High School. He returned to China in 1881, together with the other students, in consequence of a memorial, endorsed by Chin Lan-pin, the Chinese Minister at Washington, complaining of the course of study pursued by these youths "as including Latin and Greek and other unnecessary subjects; of the disrespectful behavior of the boys when brought before their chiefs; of their deplor- able lack of patriotism; of their forgetting their mother-tongue, and other sins of omission and commission." Soon after his return to China, Admiral Tsai Ting-kan joined the Torpedo School at Taku, where he stayed for three years. Upsn his graduation he was made captain of a torpedo boat. In 1892 he was promoted to be commodore of the Torpedo Fleet. This Fleet played a very active part in the Gulf , of Chihli during the Stno- Japanese War, 1894-5. In 1910 he was made a Rear-Admiral. In 1911 he was appointed a Departmental Director of the Board of Navy under the Ching government. In 1912 Admiral Tsai became a High Military Advisor to President Yuan Shih-kai and was made a Vice-Admiral. In September 1913 he was appointed Co-Director of the Inspectorate General of the Salt Administration. In May 1914 he received concurrently as Master of Cere- mony in the Presidential Palace. When Yuan Shih-kai was President, Admiral Tsai was his Chief Engl.'sh Secretary and he handled all foreign matters for his chief . In 1906 he was awarded the Fourth Order of Merit and also the Second Class Chiaho decoration. In December 1917 he was appointed Associate Director of the Customs Administration which position he is still holding. In January 1919 Admiral Tsai was commissioned to be associate director of the office of the Repatriation of Enemy Subjects in connection with the European War. In April 1919 he was appointed vice-president of the Chinese Red Cross Society. In September 1919 he received the First Class Tashou Chiaho and in January 1920 the First Class Tashou Chiaho and in January 1920 the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In February 1922 he was commissioned to be Chairman of the Tariff Revision Commission and was largely responsible for arranging a new tariff for China that has been put into operation,. In Augaist 1922 he was again appointed Vice-President of the Chinese Red Cross Society. In October 1922 he was awarded the Third Order of Merit. In May 1923 he became a member of the Commission for the Reorganization of the Domestic and Foreign Debts. In June 1923 he was ordered to hold concurrently the post of Assistant Chief of the Bureau for the preparation of the New Customs Tariff Revision Conference to readjust the tariff according to the understandings reached at the Washington Conference. In April 1924 he was again appointed Peking vice-president of the Chinese Red Cross Society. In September 1924 he was appointed Director General of the Cantonse Administration. Admiral Tsai devotes his leisure time to the translation of Chinese poems into English and made his name well known through these translations at the St. Louis Exhibition in America. He has been chairman of the American College Club for a number of years and for a time was actively identified with a number of social activities in the Capital.
730
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Jun-ke Choy
(Ts'ai Tseng-chi)
Mr. Jun-ke Choy was born in Honolulu in 1892. He studied at McKinley High School from 1908 to 1911 after having graduated from primary schools in the Hawaii Islands. In 1911 he returned to Kuangtung, his native province, and was soon afterwards elected a member of the Provincial Assembly. Finding politics uninteresting, Mr. Choy returned to
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 731
America in August of 1912 to pursue higher education. He studied political science and international law at Columbia University New York, as a Chinese government student. He received his degree of B. S. from the University in 1915 after a study of three years. During his residence in New York, Mr. Choy was elected president of the Columbia Chinese Students' Club* in 1913. His interests were not only confined to student activities, as he was also a member of the New York Artillery. In June of 1915 Mr. Choy again returned to China. He was made a member of the Liangkwang military Headquarters. The following year, he was given the appointment of Director of Foreign Affairs of the milit- ary government in Kwangtung. Shortly afterwards he resigned to take up business. Mr. Choy has been a newspaper man for some time. During his visit to Peking in 1915 he was appointed assistant editor of the "Peking Post.'' It was at the time when Yuan Shih-kai was trying to make himself Emperor of China. Mr. Choy resigned from the "Post" and left Peking for the South, as he was against the monarchical movement. Subsequently he became vice-president of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of Hong- kong. In 191& he raised money for the establishment of branch offices of the Bank at Hankow and Tientsin. He secured over fifty thousand dollars worth of subscriptions to the total capitalization of the branch banks
-1^
^
732
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Tsai Yuan-pei
Mr. Tsai Yuan-pei was born at Shan-ying Hsien, Chekiang province, in 1867. While studying as a youth Mr. Tsai spent much time on Chinese literature and classics and became Licentiate in 1883, a provincial graduate in 1889, Metropolitan graduate in 1890, Hani in Bachelor in 1892, and Hanlin Compiler, second class in 1894. In 1890 Mr. Tsai became Chief Historiographer of the Shanghai District, Chekiang and after the Sino-Japanese war in 1894 began on translations of European books. In 1898 he organized a club in. Peking to study the Japanese language and that year witnessed the Reform movement of Kang Yu-wei and Liang Chi-chiao. Mr. Tsai from this period spent much time in instruction in various government and private schools. In 1901 he founded the Ai-Kuo Girls School at Shanghai of which later he became principal. At this time
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 733
educationalists in Shanghai organized the Chung-kuo Educational Associa- tion and elected Mr. Tsai president. During 1902 Mr. Tsai became interested in revolutionary propoganda and so arrested the attention of the authorities he was asked to sever connections with the Ai-Kuo School and the Chang-Kuo Educational Association, which he eventually did, His friends urged him to study abroad and he later went to Germany. Previous to his departure he studied in Tsingtao and there translated from the Japanese version into Chinese "The Outline Philosophy" by a German author. In October 1903, Mr. Tsai returned from Tsingtao and started a daily paper called, Russia. For a long time he was connected with this paper but later again became principal of the Ai-Kuo Girls School. In 1915 he entered the revolutionary party organized by Dr. Sun Yat-sen and subsequently introduced the elements in Shanghai and acted as secret agent. Having found his revolutionary work unsuccessful, Mr. Tsai returned to his native district and again entered educational work. In 1907 Mx. Tsai went to Germany and while there enrolled in Leipzig University. While there he took courses in Practical Psychology and Esthetics. He attended the Practical Psychology Research Institute and also the Institute for the Research of the History of World Civilization. Besides he compiled a series of text books for middle schools on ethics, wrote "The History of Chinese Ethics," and translated several German books into Chinese. He returned to China in 1911 when the First Revolution broke out and was appointed by the Nanking Provisional government the Minister of Education. Later when Dr. Sun resigned from the Provisional presidency in Nanking, Yuan Shih-kai was elected to fill his place, and in 1913 when Yuan Shih-kai was President of the government in Peking, he retained Mr. Tsai as Minister of Education in Peking. Later he resigned and went to study in Germany again and in 1913 took his family to France where he studied French and assisted Li Shih-tseng and Wang Ching-wei in running the Educational Institute for Chinese laborers and organizing the Sino- French Educational Association. Following this he wrote the novel, The Red Tower Dream, A Brief History of European Esthetics, and a series of lectures for the Chinese Laborers School. In 1916, Mr. Tsai was appointed Chancellor of the Peking Government University and assumed this position in 1917 when he returned to China. Despite adverse criticism and diffi- culties he encountered Mr. Tsai introduced a wonderful change in the life of China's first seat of learning. In October 1922 Mr. Ts'ai was awarded the First Class Paokuang Chiaho. In January 1923 he was appointed a member of the Educational Sinking Funds Commission. On January 18, he tendered his resignation from the Chancellorship as a protest against Peng Yun-yen, the Minister of Education. Mr. Ts'ai in a manifesto denounced the Minister of Education for having interfered with the Judiciary. On the same day he left Peking. In the summer of 1923 Mr. Ts'ai went to France to continue his study.
734
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Tsao Ju-lin
Mr. Ts'ao Ju-lin was born at Shanghai in 1875. In 1898 he passed a competitive examination and was sent by the government to Japan to pursue a higher education. Upon his arrival at the Island Empire, he learned the rudiments of the Japanese language, after which he entered the the Imperial University in Tokio. For several years he studied law in that well-known institution of learning, and upon his graduation he returned to. China in 1904. Then the government was holding an examination of all the returned students from Europe, America and Japan. This examination was taken by Mr. Tsao, and successfully passed. He was awarded the degree of Doctor of Law, and at once appointed a junior secretary of the Board of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce. At the same time he was a lee-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 735
turer on law in the Peking Imperial University which was just founded. In 1905 he was transferred to be Junior Secretary of the Board of Foreign Affairs. He participated in all Chinese-Japanese negotiations in 1905 in consequence of the Russo-Japanese War. While in the Foreign Office, he was concurrently a member of the bureau for the drafting of a constitu- tion for the country. His promotion was very rapid, from junior secretary then senior secretary, then Ck)uncillor, then junior Vice-president of the Board. During the First Revolution, 1911, he retained the latter mentioned post under Yuan Shih-kai's Cabinet. In 1912 Mr. Ts'ao became Yuan Shih- kai's pergonal advisor and also practised law in Peking occupying a prom- inent place in that profession. When the First Parliament was convoked in April 1913, he was a member of the Senate, representing Mongolia. In the meantime, the relation between China and Japan was becoming critical. President Y-uan desiring the service of Mr. Ts'ao in handling Sino-Japanese affairs, appointed him in August 1913 to be Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs. He assisted President Yuan in the negotiations with Japan over the Twenty-One Demands issue in 1915. In April 1916 he was appointed Minister of Communications and in May 1916 he was ordered to hold concurrently the portfolio of Foreign Affairs. At the end of June 1916, shortly after the death of Yuan Shih-kai, he resigned from the two posts and retired. After the collapse of Chang Hsun's movement to re- . store the Manchu House in July 1917, Mr. Ts'ao was appointed Minister of Communications, which ipost he held until May 1919 through many changes of premiers. At the same time he was President of the Bank of Communicatons. He was concurrently Acting Minister of Finance from March 1918 to January 1919. Hfe had a share in all loan transactions with Japanese financiers through Mr. Nishihara in 1918 and therefore, has been considered a leading pro-Japanese official. He resigned from all the government positions in May 1919 as a result of students activities against him for his pro-Japanese attitude. Mr. Ts'ao was awarded the Third Order of Merit in January 1920. In January 1922 he was appointed High Industrial Commissioner which post, however, he only held until June 1922 when he was proscribed in connection with alleged compilations in making foreign loans while a cabinet minister. During the past few years, he has been interesting himself in mining enterprises although his influence in political affairs is still felt.
736
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Marshal Tsao Kun
W ^ * ^t 351
Marshal Tsao Kun was born at Tientsin. Chihli province, in 1862. At the age of twenty, he enlished himself in the Army and became a common soldier. On account of his good conduct and commanding person- ality, which he displayed during the few years in the camp. Marshal Tsao was sent to the Military Academy of Tientsin by the Commanding Officer of the Army. In 1890 he graduated from the Academy and was at once engaged to be a teacher of the same institution. During the Sino-Japanese War, 1894-1895, Marshal Tsao was in the front and personally engaged in the Yalu Battle. After this War, Yuan Shih-kai trained a modern army at Hsiao Chan. Marshal Tsao was first appointed a Director of the Hsiao- Chan Field training school and later given command of a Parge company of troops. After the Boxer Trouble in 1990, General Tieh Liang, a famous Manchu military man, invited Marshal Tsao to iassist him in the training of new troops at Paotingfu. In 1901 he became Commander of a Regiment
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
737
of the newly trained army and in 1902 Commander of a Brigade. Subse- quently he was made a Full General. In 1903 Marshal Tsao became Commander-in-Chief of the Third Division of the Imperial A.rmy and was sent to Mukden with the 10,000 soldiers in his command. In 1905 the Third Division was transferred to Kirin Province. In August 1911 the Third Division was moved down to Lanchow inside Shanhaikuan to participate in a 'grand manoeuver scheduled to take place on October 13. On October 10 the first revolution broke out at Wuchang. The manoeuver was given up. In November 1911 the Imperial Ching House appointed Yuan Shih-kai the Prime Minister. Upon his coming to Peking, Yuan Shih-kai made Marshal Tsao's troops responsible of maintaining peace and order of the Metropolitan District. In 1912 President Yuan Shih-kai appointed Marshal Tsao Commander-in-Chief of the Third Division of the National Army. In the first few years of the Republic Marshal Tsao's Third Division was charged with the duty of protecting the Metropolitan Area. In the late part of 1915 Yuan Shih-kai launched his monarchical movement. As a precautious measure he despatched the Third Division to Hunan to watch the movement of the military leaders of the Yangtze Provinces. In October 1915 Marshal Tsao was made a Chiangchun with "Hu Wei" as the special title. On December 25, 1915, the Yunnan Revolt broke out. In January 1916 Marshal Tsao Kun was ordered to proceed with his troops westward to chastise the revolt. His troops came into actual encounter with the Republican Forces but both sides were strong enough to hold their positions till the death of Yuan Shih-kai on June 6, 1916. In June 1916, after the death of Yuan, Marshal Tsao was appointed Deputy Military Commissioner of Szechuan but this post he did not take up. He returned to Chihli in September 1916 when he was appointed Tuchun of that province. Ill October 1916 he was given the Second Order of Merit. In July 1517 Chang Hsun attempted to restore the Manchu Emperor. Marshal Tuan Chi-jui stood out against the restoration, making himself Commander-in-Chief of the Republican Forces and Marshal Tsao Kun Commander of the West Wing. At this juncture, Marshal Tsao was ordered to be concurrently Civil Governor of Chihli. After the overthrow of the restoration, Tuan Chi-jui came to power again. But the southern leaders who had mobilized to oust Chang Hsun distrusted Marshal Tuan. One after another the southern and south-western provinces declared in- dependence of Peking, formed a new government at Canton and planned to send an expedition to conquer the north. In December 1917 Hupei and Hunan were endangered with several parts having been taken by the southern troops. Chihli troops received orders of mobilization to relieve the expedition. In June 1918 Marshal Tsao was appointed the Special Commis- sioner of Szechuan, Kuangtung Hunan and Kiangsi. Although Marshal Tsao did not have to go to the south personally, his troops were on account of that appointment detained in Hunan and Hupei. In September 1918 the New Parliament elected Hsu Shih-chang President of China. In November President Hsu called a Tuchun Conference in Peking at which both Marshal Tsao and Marshal Chang Tso-lin attended. He was also awarded the First Order of Merit. In March 1920 the withdrawal of the Chihli troops commenced against the wish of Peking. On
738 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
July 3, 1920 Marshals Tsao Kun, Chang Tso-lin and Wang Chan-yuan, three High Inspecting Commissioners, sent a joint telegram to Peking denouncing the action of General Hsu Shu-tseng, the real head of the Anfu Faction who was then Commander-in-Chief of the Frontier Defence Force. Three days later, General Hsu mobilized the Frontier Defence Troops in the direction of Paotingfu declaring to fight the Chihli Troops. Another three days later President Hsu Shi-chang acting upon the petition of the College of Marshals dismissed Marshal Tsao and General Wu from official posts. On Ju,ly 12, 1920, Marshal Tsao with the promised support of Marshal Chang Tso-lin accepted the challenge of the Anfu Leader in a circular telegram ordering mobilization of his forces. The next day saw the coming of Chang's troops into Shanhaikuan. The actual encounter commenced on July 14, 1920. Three days later the Anfu forces collapsed and Chihli won the war. On July 26th, 1920 President Hsu cancelled the order of the dismissal of Marshal Tsao and GeneralWu. On August 14th, Marshal Tsao accompanied by Marshal Chang visited in Pekng where he remained until September 4. On August 20, Marshal Tsao was relieved of the High Commissionership of Szechuan, Kuangtung, Hunan and Kiangsi, and was appointed High Inspecting Commissioner of Chihli, Shantung and Honan. Following the Anfu-Chihli War, the Chihli influences extended over many provinces. Marslial Tsao took General Wu Pei-fu into strong confidence. In consequence the hatred of the discontented factions and the Fengtien Warlord gradually centered on Wu Pei-fu who was becoming more outspoken and more serious with the political issues. During 1921 when the feeling between Wu Pei-fu and the opposition parties was be- coming worse every day. Marshal Tsao tried his best to remove the understanding as indicated by the fact that he held altogether four con- ferences with the leaders of the other factions, in April, M^y, Nbvember and December respectively. The December conference was held at the time of Chang Tso-lin's visit in Peking. The sole purpose of Chang's visit was to adjust matters to his own satisfaction and the result of it was the installation of the Liang Shih-i Cabinet. General Wu Pei-fu was much against this new Cabinet. Following the war between the Chihli Fengtien parties Marshal Tsao demanded of the Peking government to reconvoke the First Parliament. On June 2, 1922 he took the lead in a telegram asking President Hsu Shih-chang to retire in favor of General Li Yuan-hang. President Li Yuan-hung entered Peking on June 11, 1922 and resumed his office. On June 13, he reconvoked the Parliament by' a Mandate cancelling the Dissolution Order which he himself issued in 1917. The Parliament reas- sembled in Peking on August 1, 1922. On October 5, 1923 Marshal Tsao Kun was elected President of the Republic by the First Parliament with 480 votes out of a house of 590. On the October 10, 1923, the National Anniversary Day, Marshal Tsao came to Peking and assumed t^ Office of Presidency. As a result of the defeat of Marshal Wu Pei-fu an(|*^^e Chihli party in the Civil War which began in September 1924, President Tsao Kun and his Cabinet were deposed and for several months was detained in Peking, upon the order of the Provisional government, supported by Marshal Chang Tso-lin and Feng Yu-hsiang.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
739
General Ts'ao Ying
General Ts'ao Ying was born at Tientsin, in 1873. He is a brother of Marshal Ts'ao Kun. He studied at the Military Academy, Tientsin, and became a teacher after graduation. In 1907 he was awarded the rank of magistrate and subsequently he went to Mukden and joined the General Staff Office of the Manchuria Viceroy as a non-commissioned officer. He was later detailed to make an investigation of the boundary question in Manchuli and Siberia. Upon the completion of this mission, he was promoted to be the first class member of the transportation department and con- currently a member of the second bureau for the compilation of military maps. In 1909 he became an advisor to the Intelligence Bureau in Man- churia. In 1910 he was transferred to the Military Survey School as sub- director. Shortly afterwards he was promoted to be superintendent and
740 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
acting director of the same school. In 1912 General Ts'ao was appointed dean of the Military Survey School. In 1913 he was transferred to the Board of General Staff, Peking, to act as special intelligence officer. In 1915 he was appointed aide de camp to the General Officer commanding the Precautionary Troops on the Yangtze River. In 1916 he became first class Aide de camp to the headquarters of the troops in mobilization and con- currently acted as advisor to the commiander. He was at the same time made a colonel and given the brevet rank of Major General. In the late part of 1916 he was transferred to the Tuchun Yamen of Chihli as chief military advisor. In 1917 he was appointed Chief 'of the Staff of the expeditionary force fighting for the overthrow of Chang Hsun's monarchical attempt. Subsequently he became Commander of the Fourth Mixed Brigade. In 1918 he was given the Fifth Order of Merit and was made a Major General with the brevet rank of Lieutenant General. About the same time he was appointed Garrison Commissioner of Shanhaikuan. In March 1919 General Ts'ao was awarded the Second Class Chiaho. He- took part in the overthrow of the Anfu government in the summer of 1920. He was awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho in September and the Fourth Order of Merit in October, 1920. Subsequently he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the 26th Army Division formed of the 4th and the 5th Mixed Brigades which had been in his command, and also made a Lieutenant General. In February 1922 he was given the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho. In September he was made a Chiiangchun with "Ping- Wei" as special title. In March 1923 he was given the brevet rank of Full General and also awarded the First Class Wenfu decoration. In Novem- ber 1923 he was made a Full General. In January 1924 he was appointed Director-General of Forestry Development at Jehol, still in command of the 26th Division .
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
741
Mr. Y. S. Tsao
(Ts'ao Yun-hsiang)
Mr. Y. S. Tsao was born at Nanziang, Kiangsu province, in 1881. He studied at St. J-ohn's University, Shanghai, graduating in 1900. He was assistant instructor in the University, 1900-3; Dean ,of Fu Yang Middle School, Changchow, 1904-5; Ih-Cu Middle School, Ningpo. 1905-7; editor of the Nan-Fang- Pao, Shanghai 1906. In September 1907 he was sent to the United States on government support and began his- studies in liberal arts at Yale University. In 1911 he received the degree of A. B. His college life was full of interesting incidents.; He elected to the Yale Debating Association in 1909-11, awarded first prize for the best oration in the Sophomore Lincoln Oratorical Contest in February 1909, in
742 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the Junior Exhibition Oratorical Contest in 1910 and in the De Forest Oratorical Contest in 1911. Besides his oratorical activities, he was also chairman of the Yale Cogmopolitan Club in 1909-11, president of the Chinese Students' Club 1910-11, member of the class debating team in 1910-11 and editor in chief of the Chinese Students Monthly, the organ of the Chinese students in North America. Mr. Tsao was married in 1914 and immediately plunged into official life when he was appointed second secretary of the Chinese Legation in London, which post he held until March 1919. In 1917, he was given the post of officiating Consul-General for China at London. During his London sojourn, he was elected a member of the China Society, honorary member of the British Foreign Bible Society, and honor- ary foreign correspondent of the Royal Society of Literature. In the Summer of 1919, Mr. Tsao returned to China for the first time in 12 years. He wasted no time in organizing the Western Returned Students' Union, traveling throughout the Republic to link together the local organizations to form a 'national federation. His efforts were successful and in August the Union was formally organized with Mr. Tsao as its first general secret- ary. In November 1919 he was appointed First Secretary of the Chinese Legation in Copenhagen. In January 1921 he was awarded the Third Class Chiaho Decoration. In July 1921 Mr. Tsao was recalled by the Peking government from Copenhagen. In August 1921 he was appointed Councillor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In October 1921 he was detailed to be Deputy Chief Secretary of the Chinese Delegation to the Washington Conference. In March 1922 he was made a director of Tsinghua College. In May 1922 he received the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho. In October 1922 he was appointed Acting President of the Tsinghua College. Later this position was substantiated to him.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
743
General Ts'en Ch'un-hsuan
^ #*t^g PS General Ts'en Ch'un-hauan was born at Hai-ling Hsien, Kuangsi pro- vince, in 1859. He is the eldest son of Ts'en Yu-yin, famous viceroy of Ching Dynasty. After having received education from regular Confucian schools, he entered official life through the influence of his father. In June 1892 he was appointed Sub-Director of Court of Imperial Entertain- ments; in 1893, Sub-Director of Court of Imperial Study; and in 1898, Lieutenant Governor of Kuangtung Province. Later he was transferred to be Lieutenant Governor of Kansu. In September 1900, General Ts'en was promoted to be Governor of Shensi. In April 1901 he was transferred to Shansi, where he also functioned as Governor for one year. In January 1902 he was awarded the Yellow Jacket, the highest honor which the Im- perial Family had in its power to confer, on account of the protection!
744 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
which he accorded to the Empress Dowager, who fled to Sheii«i from Peking during the Boxer rising. In May 190:i, General Tsen was made Governor of Kwangtung. In October 1902 he was promoted to be Acting Viceroy of Szechuan, which position he held until May 1903. In November 1903 he was appointed Acting Viceroy of Lang-Kuang (or Kuangtung and Kuangsi). In September 1906, General Ts'en was appointed Viceroy of Yunnan annd Kweichow, but he did not proceed to assume office on account of a difference of political views with the ruling authorities. In March 1907, he was appointed Viceroy of Szechuan. Likewise he did not take up this office. On May 3, 1907, he was appointed President of the Board of Communications. In the same month he was, however, re-appointed Viceroy of Kwangtung and Kwangsi. He resigned this office on account of "ill- health" on August 12, 1907. In September 1911, General Ts'en was ordered to proceed to Szechuan to suppress the railway agitation in that prov;ince in cooperation with the Viceroy Chao Erh-feng. Before he lefl Hankow the Revolution of 1911, which resulted in the establishment of the Republic had broken out. On October 14, General Ts'en was appointed Viceroy of Szechuan to cope with the situation, but he did not accept the appoint- ment. Later he was appointed Commissioner of Pacification for Fukien. In February 1913, he was appointed Director-General of the Hukuang Railways, which position he resigned on June 17. The then Pres- ident Yuan Shih-fcai, ordered his arrest on account of his alleged complicity in the rebellion during the summer of 1913. He fled to the South Sea Islands remainingi their as a political refugee for some time. General Ts'en was one of the leaders of the revolt against Yuan Shih-kai's monarchical plan which was launched in 1915. In May 1916, a month before the death of Yuan, the Kuangtung and Kuangsi forces organized their headquarters at Shao-ching, Kunagtung, to direct operations against Yuan's forces. General Ts'en was elected the Commander-in-Chief of the allied forces. After the overthrow of Yuan Shih-kai's Administration, the First Parliament was convoked and General Ts'en retired to private life. In June 1917 the First Parliament was again dissolved. In July occurred the Restoration of the Manchu Throne by Chang Hsun. General Ts'en was appointed by the Boy Emperor the President of the House of Peers, but he remained indifferent to this appointment. After the overthrow of this restoration, Marshal Tuan Chi-jui came to power again and refused to reconvoke the Parliament whose members then went down to Canton where he created the Extraordinary Parliament in August 1917 and elected seven directors to form what was then known as the Military government in May 1918. They were Tang Shao-i, Tang Chi-yao, Wu Ting-fang, Ling Pao-hsi, Lu Yung-ting and General Ts'en. In August 1918 General Ts'en became the presiding director of the military government. In May 1920 the Kuangtung faction headed by Sun Yat-sen was ousted by the Kuangsi faction headed by General Lu Yung-ting and the Cheng Hsueh-Hui Party, headed by General Ts'en. In October 1920 the Kuangtung faction returned to Canton again as the result of which General Ts'en and his associates had to leave for Shanghai where he has been living in retirement since that time. In October 1922, the Peking government awarded upon him the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decoraton.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
745
Mr. T K. Tseng
fi ^.m^ mm
(Tseng Tsung-chien)
Mr. T. K. Tseng was born at Ming-hou Esien, Fukien pj-ovince, in 1882. He graduated from Nanyang College, Shanghai, in 1901, where he obtained the highest scholarship. After graduation, he was sent to England as a government student in the same year. Upon arrival in England he joined King's College where he stayed until 1907. He went to Cambridge (Pembroke College) in 1907 where he was popu- lar with the students and prominent in rowing circles. His special
746 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
subject of study was political economy. After his graduation he return- ed to China and joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and remained there until 1917. During the first revolution in 1911-12 Mr. Tseng was secretary for foreign intercourse to Marshal Tuan Chi-jui, who was then Commander-in-Chief at Hankow. In the second revolution he served in the same capacity under General Tuan Chih-kuei in Kiukiang. In 1914 he was appointed the Chinese Consul-General to Australia where he remained until China declared war against Germany in 1917, when he returned home to offer his service to Marshal Tuan, and to arrange for the dispatch of Chinese soldiers to Europe. Upon his return to Peking, he found to his great disappointment that it was impossible to dispatch Chinese troops to Europe. In November 1917 Mr. Tseng was appointed Commissioner for Foreign Affairs at Shanghai. But owing to political reasons he did not proceed to assume office. Ip December 1917 he was appointed Salt Com- missioner in Kirin and Heilungkiang, this position he held until Dtecember 1919. In 1918 he accompanied General Hsu Shu-tseng to Japan to attend the Japanese Grand Manoeuvres in the capacity of Chief Secretary. Since then his name was always mentioned when ever the government tried to find a suitable person to be Chinese Minister to Tokyo. In April 1919 he was given the Second Class Wienfu and in October 1919 the Second Clasf^ Tashou Chiaho. In December 1919 when he had just been relieved of , the Salt Commissioner post, he was appointed Director of the Cadastral Ad- ministration, Peking. This post he held until August 1920 when the Anfu Ministry had collapsed.
oe
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
741
Mr. Tseng Yu-tsun.
Mr. Tseng Yu-tsun was born at Ming-hou Hsien, Fukien province, in 1879. He became a Provincial Graduate in 1898. Subsequently he held a series of official posts in different districts and prefects in Chihli province such as Magistrate Prefect and Expectant Taotai. Afterwards he was transferred to Peking and worked in the Board of Post and Communica- tions in various capacities. In 1924 he served as Director of Military Supplies and Chief of the Salt Revenue Bureau in Kalgan. Later he was appointed Secretary to the Cabinet. In 1916 he became manag- ing director of the Peking-Hankow Railway. A year later he resig- ned from this post on account of ill health. In 1918 Mr. Tseng was elected a member of the Senaite of the New Parliament. 1ji October 1918 he was appointed Vice-Minister of Communications and concurrently to be Director- General of the Chinese government railways. In May of 1919 he was appointed to be Director-General of the Hankow-
MS WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Canton- Szech wan Railways, which office was a concurrent one. A month after the resignation of Mr. Tsao Jui-lin from the Ministry of Communica- tions, in June 1919, -Mr. Tseng was app.ointed Acting Minister of Com- munications. In December 1919 he was appointed Minister of Communications. In January 1920 he was awarded the Fourth Order of Merit. Later he was given both the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and the Second Class Wenfu. In July 1920 he was removed from the Ministership and was subsequently ordered to be apprehended and deprived of all honors and decorations because the Anfu Ministry had fallen. He was a ''guest" in the Japanese Legation until October 1, 1922 when he escaped in company with Messrs. Wang Chih-lung and Liang Hung-chih. In 1923 he was given his freedom by a Mandate.
i^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
749
Mr. Tsou Ping-wen
m m oc
Mr. Ping-wen Tsou, a native of Soochow, was born in Canton ou October 26. 1892, where he obtained his early training. In 1907, he went to Peking and was enrolled as a student in Hwei-wen University and in 1910, he began to study abroad in Cook Academy, Montour Palls, N. Y. The next year he studied mechanics in Cornell Univiersity but not long after this he determined to specialize in agriculture in the same institu- tion. After graduation, which took place in 1915, he further studied in the graduate school paying special attention to plant pathology. The next summer he came back to China and was invited by the University of Nanking to teach plant pathology. His success attracted the president of
750 WHO^S WHO IN CHINA
the National Teachers' College in Nanking, who urged him to be the head of the Department of Agriculture of this college. In 1921 when the Teachers' College was reorganized into the S;)utheastern University, this Department became the College of Agriculture and Mr. Tsou was appointed Dean. In the same year he was elected the Chief Manager of the Joint Administration for Kiangsu Education and Industry. The next year he called the National Agricultural Convention at Tsinan. About 270 agri- cultural men from various parts of China were present at the meeting to devise means for agricultural improvement and to solve important agri- cultural problems. During the meeting Mr. Tsou held the chair and, when the meeting was over, he was elected the chairman of the executive com- mittee. In addition to the important positions mentioned above, Mr. Tsou is now holding the following offices: chief manager of the Chinese Agricultural Society, member of the National Association for the Advance-, ment of Chinese Education and the vice-chairman of the Committee of Vocational Education of the said Association, member of the National A^§lsociation Education of China and chairman of the Committee of Agriculture of the same Association, member of the Provincial Agricultural Society, of Kiangsu and of its Legislative Department, member of the Science Association of China, member of the Chinese World Student Association, and member of the Plant Pathology Club of the United States. Mr. Tsou is also a noted agricultural writer. His two books, "Agricultural Problems in China" and "Text-book of Higher Botany" were published in Chinese by the Commercial Press, Ltd. Other writings on Chinese agriculture and agricultural education are found in the following publica- tions: Agricultural Science, New Education, Vocational Education, China Weekly Review, China Press, etc.
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751
Mr. Tii Ch'un
*t M ^ ^ ^
Mr. Tu Ch'un was born at Pan-yu Hsien, Kuangtung province, in 1886. Shortly after leaving school, Mr. Tu was called to official life and under the Manchu regime, received his first important appointment as Special Commissioner for the preparation and arrangement of the Nan- yang Industrial Exposition. Following the establishment of the Republic in 1911 Mr. Tu became chief secretary in the yamen of the Commissioner of Defense for Shanghai and Sungkiang, a post which was later changed to that of Military Governor of Shanghai and Sungkiang. He served in this
752 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
post under three governors. In August 1919 he was awarded the Second Class Chiaho. In June 1920 the Peking government appointed Mr. Tu to the post of Customs Superintendent of Hangchow. In December 1920 he received the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho. While in Chekiang he was for some time Commissioner of Finance concurrently. In Maixh 1922 he was appointed Salt Transportation Commissioner of Chekiang. In Septem- ber 1922 he was awarded the Second Class Ta«hou Chiaho. He is chairman of the Chekiang Flood Relief ('ommission and is Director of the Hangchow branch of the Chinese-Foreign Famine Relief Committee. His activities are devoted not only to Hangchow and the province of Chekiang, but Shanghai, Peking and Canton organizations also have his assistance. He holds many other decorations, including a special medal of merit for benevolence from the Peking government and the highest medal of honor from the Red Gross Society of China.
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753
Admiral Tu Hsi-kuei
*fc !§, ^ ^ m 3^
Admiral Tu Hsi-kuei was born at Foochow, Fukien province, in 1875. He was graduated from the Naval College, Nanking with the highest honors in 1902. Subsequently he was given the rank of sub-lieutenant on board the cruiser Hai Chi. Sixteen months later he was promoted to the rank of junior lieutenant. After holding the ranks of navigating lieutenant and gunnery lieutenant for a short time he was appointed commander of the torpedo boat Chien Tze, and five months later acted as commander of the cruiser Kien An. In this capacity he directed the survey of the Port of Lungkou. He was appointed to the rank of full commander and was posted at Chefoo in charge of the marine corps, later being posted to the Kiang Ting, and Hai Yung respectively. Upon the establishment of the Republic, Admiral Tu was still in charge of the Haitung, China's largest cruiser.' He was ordered to act concurrently as director of defences in Fukien. In 1915 the Chinese government appointed him commander of the training
754 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
cruiser Chao Ho. From there he was transferred to the Hai Yung. In 1917 he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Second Squardron. In January 1920 he was awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho. In August 1921 he received the Fourth Order of Merit. In October 1921 he was made a Rear- Admiral. In January 1922 he was awarded ' the First Class Wenfu, In June 1922 he became Commander-in-chief of the Chinese Navy. During the Chihli-Fengtien War in 1922 he played an important part which w^as partly responsible for the Chihli Party. In October 1922 he was awarded the First Class Tashou Chiaho. In the sp'ring of 1923 the Shanghai Section of the Chinese Navy declared independence of tho Peking government. As a result of it Admiral Tii tendered his resigna- tion. In October 1923 he was made a Chiangchun with "Ying-Wei" as special title. In November 1923 he was again appointed Commander-in- Chief of Chinese Navy. In March 1924 he was made an Admiral. In Sep- tember 1924 he was appointed to command the fleet to participate in the, Punitive Expedition waged by the Peking government against Marshal Cliang Tso-lin.
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/7 ^ •"
Mr. Tu Cho-hsuan
(Tu Tso-hsuan)
Mr. Tu Cho-hsuan was born at En Hsien, Shantung province in 1883. He is a Catholic. He attended the North China Christian Union College at Pei Tungchow for eight years. After graduation he was on the faculty for three years (between 1905 and 1907) at the same college, teaching history and mathematics. In 1908 he joined the Reform Society, organized by Mr. Thwing, and remained with it for four years. The work for the Reform Society prepared him to be a iournal'st. The society carried on an anti-opium, and anti-liquor campaign under the able direction of Mr. Thwing, and Mr. Tu was entrusted with the task of preparing propaganda articles for the press. Mr. Thwing and Mr. Tu went to Kwangtung, Kwangsi, Fukien, Yunnan and Kweichow to investigate the poppy condi- tions, and many pamphlets were published by them jointly. In 1912 he
756 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
joined the Ta Kung Pao of Tientsin ^as editor. During his connection, that paper was most prosperous commercially. Realizing that he could not advocate his policy in a paper owned by others, he started the (Social Welfare) Yi Shih Pao in 1916 with the cooperation of a few friends whose ideas on politics and other public affairs were similar to his. Four months later he established the Peking Yi Shih Pao. Today the Tientsin Yi Shih Pao has a daily circulation of 15,000 and the Peking Yi Shih Pao prints 14,000 copies. They are the largest papers in the two cities and wield considerable influence locally. Acting manager of the Peking Yi Shih Pao, Mr. Tu also retains a control over the Tientsin paper. During the Anfu time, his paper at Peking was closed by the authorities, and he had to flee to the Legation Quarters for safety where he stayed for more than two months. During the fight for supremacy between Chihli and Anfu forces in the summer of 1920, he was being closely watched by the Anfu detectives and his life wa& in constant danger.
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757
Mr. T. W. Tu.
(T'u Wei-Tseng)
T. W. Tu was born at Soochow, Kiangsu, in 1884. He studied at the Anglo-Chinese School in his native place between 1897-8, at Nanyang Col- lege, Shanghai, 1898-1905. In January of 1905 he went to America for higher education as a government supported student. He studied civil engineering at the University of California, 1905-7; railway engineering at the University of Illinois, 1907-9. He received the degree of B. S. in 1909, and soon after his graduation, joined the Chicago and Alton Raitlway as a transitman. In 1910 he was bridge detailer of the Chicago-North- western Railway. In 1911 he was construction foreman of the Kansas; City Terminal Railway. He returned to China in the winter, and became resident
758 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
engineer of the Shanghai -Hangchow-Ningpo Railway in charge of survey- ing construction of a section fifty miles long. Before the completion of the work the revolution at Wuchang broke out, and the work had to be suspended. From February to July, 1912 Mr. Tu was instructor in railway engineering ^of the Polytechnic Institute, Shanghai. He tauglit railway construction, • bridge designing, graphic statistics, and mechanics. From August 5, 1912 to January 1915, he was district engineer of the Kiukiang- Nanchang Railway in charge of surveying and construction of a section thirty miles long, designed and constructed: (1) a 60' span 200' bridge with reinforced concrete cylinder foundation, and (2) a 10-span 100' bridge with woodern crib caisson sunk through sand. From January 6, 191.5 to January 1918 he was senior assistant engineer of the Canton-Hankow Railway in charge of surveying and construction of a section fifteen miles long, and at the same time wias in charge of all bridge erection work on the district forty-five miles long. From April 1918 to April 1919, he was resident member of the Commission on the Unification on Railway Technics in the Ministry of Communications. He was in charge of drafting of regulations on the duties governing maintenance of way employes, and designing of road and bridge standards for Chinese Government Railways. From April to August 1919, Mr. Tu was technical secretary to the Chinese representative on the Inter-Allied Technical Board for the supervision of the Chinese Eastern and Siberia Railways. At one time he acted as I'hinese representative on the technical board for three months during the absence of Dr. C. C. Wang. Between September 1919 and May 1920 he was Chinese representative on the Inter- Allied Purchasing Committee at Vladivostok. In June 1920 he resumed the position of Technical Secretary to the Chines? Representative and is still holding the position. He is concurrently acting as assistant chief of Maintenance of the Chinese Eastern Railway. . Mr. Tu was one of the experts attached to the Chinese Delegation attending the Washington Conference in the winter of 1921-22. He was given the Third Class Chiaho Decoration in June 1922.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
759
Marshal Tuan Chi-jui.
760
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Marshal Tuan Chi-jui was born at He-fei Hsien, Anhui province, in 1864. He graduated from the Tientsin Military Academy in 1885. In 1889 he was sent to Germany where he worked for owe year in an arsenal and also studied artillery science. Upon his return to China, he joined Yuan Shih-kai's camp. In 1895 Yuan Shih-kai started to train modern troops at Hsiao-Chan and gave one regiment of artillery units to Marshal Tuan to command. At the same time he was Director of the Military College at Hsiao-Chan. Marshal Tuan was retained by Yuan Shih-kai as a Senior Training Officer of his army the Right Wu-Wei-Chun. He was concur- rently Director of the several departments and training halls,. During the- Boxer Trouble, when Yuan Shih-kai was Governor of Shantung command- ing the Right Wu Wei Chun, Marshal Tuan rendered valuable service in assisting him to prevent the Boxer Movements from spreading southward. In 1901 Yuan Shih-kai succeeded Li Hung-chang as Viceroy of Chihli. Beginning from 1902 Yuan Shih-kai devoted full energy to train modern army divisions. At Paotingfu the training headquarters were established consisting of three departments, the Ordnance, the Staffs and the Eduteation. Marshal Tujan was Chief of the Staffs Department. In 1903 two divisions were completely organized. In December that year Mershal Tu^an was pro- moted to be Senior Commandant of the Training Headquarters and was given the brevet rank of Lieutenant General, in 1904. Marshal Tuan was ordered to be concurrently a Brigadier Commander of the third division. In 1905 the Right Wu Wei Chun was reorganized to become the Fourth Division of the Regular Army with Marshal Tuan as its Commander-in-Chief. He was Chief Commander of the northern army participating in the First maneuver held at Ho-Chien Fu, Chihli in the autumn of 1905. The London Times paid a very high tribute to the participating units. In February 1906 Marshal Tuan was transferred to be Commander-in-Chief of the Third Army Division holding concurrently the post of Director of the Peiyang Military College. In March 1906 he was appointed Tsung-Ping (Brigade- General) of T'ing Chow Chen, Fukien Province. In 1907 he became Dir- ector-General of all the military colleges and also Deputy-Lieutenant General of Chinese Units of the Bordered Yellow Banner Division. (Man- chu Military Organization). Marshal Tuan was the Grand Jury of the Imperial Examinations for military students returned from Japan, for three times, namely, 1908, 1909 and 1901. In December 1909 he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Sixth Army Division. In December 1910 he was transferred to be the Provincial Commander-in-Chief (ti-Tu) of Kiang-per, the most honored military position under the Ching government. Upon the outbreak of the First Revolution in October 1911, Marshal Tuan was ap- pointed Commander-in-Chief of the Second Army Corp to fight against the revolutionary troops. Later, acting upon the instruction of Yuan Shih-kai, then Prime Minister in Peking, Marshal Tuan took the lead in a telegram requesting the Manchu Emperor to abdicate. It was dated January 26, 1912 and February 12, occurred the abdication. Dr. Sun Yat-sen re- signed from the Provisional Presidency on the following day and on the 15th the Nanking Provisional Assembly elected Yuan Shih-kai to succeed Dr. Sun. In March 1912 Marshal Tuan was appointed Minister of War and
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 761
in Septemher 1912 made a Full General. In October 1912 he was awarded the Order of Merit, and also Second Class Chiaho Decoration. Shortly afterwards he was given the First Class Chiaho. From May to July, 1913 he acted as Prime Minister. In October 1913, upon Vice-President Li Yuan-hung coming to Peking, Marshal Tuan was appointed Tutu, Military Governor, of Hupei, still holding the post of War. In February 1914 he was transferred to be Tutu of Honan and in April 1914 he returned to Peking resuming the War post. In June 1914 he was made Shang Chiang- chun, Marshal, with the "Chien-Wei" as special title and simultaneously appointed to hold concurrently the post of President of the College of Marshals. In the spring of 1917, over the question of War Participation, the President and then Prime Minister Tuan began to quarrel. On March 4th, after an interview with the President in which he requested the Chief Executive to order the Chinese Ministers in Allied countries to negotiate conditions of China's Participation with the respective governments and the request was rejected by the President on the ground that it had to be referred to the Parliament first, Marshal Tuan left for Tientsin. Vice- President Feng Kuo-chang then personally called upon him at Tientsin as a mediator. On March 6, Marshal Tuan returned to Peking, resuming his duty. On May 19, the House of Representatives, which on the previous day had been threatened by a large group of mobs demanding the adoption of the Participation Bill, passed a resolution to defer the discussion of the bill. On the same day the various Tuchuns, who were at Peking attending the Military Conference called by Marshal Tuan, demanded the dissolution of the Parliament. On May 21, they all left Peking in a body. On the 23rd President Li Yuan-hung dismissed Marshal Tuan from the Prime Ministership. On 29th the Tuchuns declared independence of Peking es- tablishing headquarters at Tientsin to oppose the Peking government. On July 14, Marshal Tuan entered Peking, assuming the Prime Ministerships Li Yuan-hung left the Japanese Legation resigning from the Presidency ; and Feng Kuo-chang became Acting President. The following day the Marshal was appointed.to the Minister of War as a concurrent post. On August 4, 1917 China declared war on Germany and Austro-Hungary. But in the meanfme the southern leaders distrusting Marshal Tuan and supporting the dissolved Parliament lined up against the north. On August 25, the Extraordinary Parliament was inaugurated at Canton. It subsequently elected Dr. Sun Yat-sen the Generalissimo of the Opposition government. Marshal Tuan at once laid out plans to challenge the south. But his plans did not work. In November 1917 he resigned from the Premiership and the War post. In December 1917 Marshal Tuan was appointed Director-General of the War Participation Bureau. In March 1918 he was reinstated as Prime Minister. In April he visited the northern troops in Hupei which had recaptured several important cities from the south. In the meantime his followers organized the Anfu Club to run for the election of the New Parliament. The new Legislature was convoked in August 1918 and it elected Hsu Shih- chang President in September. About the same time the commanders of the northern troops in the south started the peace movement, overruling Marshal Tuan's "Unification by Force" policy. Therefore in October 1918,
762 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
he resigned from the Prime Ministership. In October Marshal Tuan in the Military Conference in which practically all the northern leading militarists attended. In this conference it was decided to end the civil strife, to call an internal peace conference, and to maki3 a stand in the com'ing World Peace Conference. In July 1919 the War Participation Bureau was abolished and in its place a Frontier Defence Bureau was created with Marshal Tuan still as Director- General. In September 1919 he was awarded the Grand Order of Merit. In July 1920, after the overthrow of the Anfu Club as the result of the Chihli-Anfu War, Marshal Tuan was relieved of the Directorship of the Frontier Defence and also of the Presidency of the College of Marshals. Late in 1924 following the defeat of the Chihli faction by the Anfu-Fengtien party. Marshal Tuan was prevailed upon to accept the Provisional presidency being assured of the support of Marshal Chang Tso-lin and General Feng Yu-hsiang. One of the conditions which Marshal Tuan made for his acceptancy to the position was the calling of a National Reorganization Conference, which met in February 1925, in Peking, for the purpose of reorganizing the government and bringing about a 'reunification of the country.
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763
Mr. Hollington K. Tong
(Tuny Hsien-kuang)
Mr. Hollington K. Tong was born at Ningpo, Chekiang province, in 1887 from a humble family. He studied at the Lowrie High School. Shanghai High School, and the Anglo-Chinese College, Shanghai. Before graduating from the high school, he was compelled to leave school upon the death of his father in order to support his mother and famjily. He taught for one year in a high school in Ningpo and then joined the staff
764 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
of the Commerical Press at Shanghai where he was employed for two years. In 1907, with borrowed money, he was enabled to go to the United States to pursue a higher education. He attended Park College, a religious in- stitution located near Kansas City for one year and in 1908 entered the University of Missouri where he studied the liberal arts and also took cources in journalism under the deanship of Dr. Walter Williams. Upon graduation in 1911 from the University of Missouri where he received the A. B. degree, he went to Columbia University, N. Y. where he took courses in the post-graduate school. Upon completing this work he served for a time on the reportorial staffs of the New York Times and the New York Evening Post, and also served as an assistant editor on the New York Independent. Mr. Tong returned to China in January 1912 and worked first as assistant editor of the China Republican, published at Shanghai.. He then went to Peking and for a year acted as correspondent for a num- ber of Chinese newspapers and one foreign paper in Shanghai, and served as editor of the Peking Daily News during 1913-14. He was also English Secretary of the Senats of the First Parliament during the same period of time. In April 1914 he joined the National Oil Administration as an English secretary. At the end of 1915 he was commissioned by the government to go to America on a special mission. Upon his return to China, after the death of Yuan Shih-kai, he rejoined the National Admin- istration. In 1917 he accepted a position as travelling agent for the Standard Oil Company, After a time he resigned from this position to become the Peking correspondent of Millard's Review which is now known as the China Weekly Review. In March 1918 he was appointed Deputy Secretary of the Chihli River Commission, Tientsin which position he still holds at the same time accepting the assistant editorship of the Review. He is now contributing editor of the Review. Since 1919 Mr. Tong has been Advisor to General Yang I-teh, Police Commissioner of Chihli and to Mr. Chu Hsing-yuan, Commissioner of Foreign Affairs in Tientsin. In. August 1920 he was appointed a Junior-Advisor of the Ministry of Com- munications and in October 1920 he became an executive secretary of the Railway Finance Commission. In October 1921 he was delegated by the Peking government to represent China at the International Press Confer- ence in Honolulu. In May 1922 he was appointed acting councillor of the Ministry of Communications but he resigned from it in June 1922. In February 1923 he was appointed Secretary to Admiral Y. L. Woo, Minister of Communications. He was given the Third Class Chiaho in May 1923, the Second Chiaho in July 1923, and the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho in October 1923.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
765
Mr. Tung K'ang
Mr. Tung K'ang was born at Wu-chin Hsien, Kiangsu province, in 1869. He was brought up in a well known literary family of southern China. He became a Metropolitan Graduate in 1889 when he was barely twenty years of age. He began his official career as Junior Secretary of the Board of Punishment. The other positions he held under the Ching Regime were judge of the criminal department of the Supreme Court and general secretary to the Law Codification Bureau. He distinguished him- self in judicial administration. He directed the drafting of the criminal law, civil law, commercial law, civil procedure, criminal procedure, etc. which were provisional and effective for the time being. In the first year of the Republic, Minister Tung travelled extensively in Japan. He returned to China in the winter of 1913. In February 1914 he was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court which position he held until July 1918 when he was appointed president of the Law Codification Bureau. He was Chief Justice of the Prize Court from 1917 till the time when he resigned from
766 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the Supreme Court. In November 1918 he was awarded the First Class Wenfu. In July 1920 Mr, Tung was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for the second time. But a month later he was appointed Acting Minister of Justice. From May to December, 1921, he was Minister of Justic. In December 1921 he returned to the Supreme Court again holding concurrently the post of President of the High Judicial Service Punishment Commission. In February 1922 he received another post as President of the Commission for the Consolidation of Domestic and Foreign Debts. In May 1922 he was appointed Acting Minister of Finance, holding concur- rently the post of Director General of the Salt Administration, of the Currency Bureau and of the Wine and Tobacco Administration. In August 1922 Mr. Tung was relieved from all the financial posts. Shortly afterwards he left China on a touring trip to America and Europe to investigate commercial and industrial conditions therein. During his absence, he was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in Septeml)er 1922, with Yu Chi-chang to act for him; President of the High Judicial Service Court, in October 1922 with Hu I-Ku to act for him. In February 1923 he was officially relieved of these two appointment and was at the same time the Vice-President of the Commission for the Discussion of Jurisprudence. In October 1923 he was given the Second Order of Merit. In 1924 he returned to China.
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7-67
Mr. George Wan
(Wan Chao-chih) Mr. George Wan was born at Nanchang, Kiangsi province, in 1890, He was a Pa Kung or Senior Licentiate under the Ching Dynasty educa- tional system. Subsequently he entered the Peking Imperial University to receive an education along modern lines, graduating in 1910. After graduation Mr. Wan was appainted by the Imperial government a Chou P'an or Second Class Assistant Department Magistrate in Kiangsu in which province he held different positions until 1914 when he was called to revise the Provisional Constitution as adopted by the Nanking Provisional government in 1911-12, Mr. Wan was appointed first as Secretary and later as Chief Secretary to the Council which adopted the New Provisional Constitution in May 1914. Subsequently Mr. Wan went to America and entered Johns Hopkins University from which he received the degree of A. B. in 1916; M. A. in 1917; and LL.B. in 1919 from Harvard University.
768 WHO'S WEiO IN CHINA
Upon his return to China in 1919, Mr. Wan became Principal of the Pro- vincial Middle School of Kiangtsi. Soon afterwards he went to Peking and for the period 1919-1920 he served as Professor of International Law and Political Science in Peking Government University. And at the same time he taught history in the Peking High Normal College. From 1920 to 1921 Mr. Wan was Secretary to the Ministry of Communications'. In February 1921 he was ordered by the Ministry of the Interior to take charge of the Preparation Bureau for calling a conference to discuss matters regarding local government. In April 1921 he was appointed Executive Secretary to that Conference which was then called at Peking and attended by delegates from the different Ministries and provinces. Subsequently Mr. Wan was appointed Acting Secretary of the Ministry of Justice. From September 1921 he held a concurrent position in the Law Compilation Bureau in the Cabinet as an Acting Compiler. In September 1922 he left the Ministry of Justice and became a Compiler of the Law Compilation Bureau. In December 1922 he became Secretary of the Cabinet and later Acting Chief Secretary until June 1923 when he was appointed Councillor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs which position he is still holding. He is also Advisor to the Central Salt Administration. Mr, Wan was awarded the Second Class order of Wenfu and also Second Class Chiaho in February 1923. His present address is 30 An Yuan Hutung, In- side Shun Chih Men, Peking
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769
Marshal Wang Chan-yuan
5 f*j 7C ^ q^ #
Marshal Wang Chan-yuan was born at Kuan Hsien, Shantung province, in 1860. He was graduated in the first class of the Peiyang Military Academy and .served in the Siano-Japanese War, 1894-95. Later he was enggaged by Yuan Shih-kai to train the modern army at Hsiao Chan. He was engaged by Yuan Shih-kai to traini a modern army at Hsiao Chan. He started as a captain commanding Anhui troops. Subsequently he was promotoU to be a colonel and then to Bridagier-General. Upon the out- break of the First Revolution October 1911 Marshal Wang accompanied Feng Kuo-chang to Wuchang when the latter was in command of the First Imperial Army to .suppress the revolt. He was responsible for the recapture of the city Hanying from the revolutionaries on November 27. 1911. Upon
770 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the establishment of the Republic in 1911, he was appointed Commander- in-Chief of the Second Army Division. In 1913 he was made a General and was at the same time awiarded the Second Class Wenfu Decoration. In October 1915 Marshal Wang was created a Chiangchun, or Member of College of Marshals, with Chang Wei as special title. In December 1915 he was ordered to act as Chiangchun (Military Governor) of Hupei in which province his Second Division had been hitherto stationing. In January 1916 he was appointed Chiang-Chun of Hupei. In July 1917, after the death of Yuan Shih-kai he was appointed Tuchun of the same province, "Tuchun" being the new denomination of military governor. In the same month he was ordered to hold concurrently the Civil Governorship of Hupei. In October 1917 he was awarded the Second Order of Merit, and in January 1920 the First Order of Merit. In June 1920 Marshal Wang was appointed High Inspecting Commissioner of Hunan and Hupei. In October 1920 he was made a Marshal with Chang Wei as special title. In May 1921 he attended the Tuchun's Conference at Tientsin. Upon his re- turn to Wuchang he was confronted with serious difficulties as a result of the mutiny of portions of his forces at Wuchang and Ichang and was therefore, officially relieved of his office in August 1921. Since that time, he has been living in retirement at Tientsin.
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771
Mr. Henri Waung
(Wang Chao-ming)
Mr. Henri Waung was born at Canton in 188.5. His native province is Chekiang. In his youth he studied in the Hsueh Hai Tang, a famous old institute of learning, at Canton, and specialized in the study of the hi^ory of China from which he imbibed the idea of racial independence. When he was sixteen, Mr. Waung went to Japan and studied Political Science and Sociology in Tokyo Law College where he later graduated. There he received the idea of democracy. While Mr. Waung was in Japan, Dr. Sun Yat-sen and the late Huang Hsing organized the Tung Ming Hui in Tokyo. Mr. Waung attended the first conference of this organization and was elected a member of the Executive Council, and later elected chairman. At the same time he was engaged to be the editor of the Ming Pao, Tung Ming Hui's organ. Through this paper he advocated "A Republic for China" Doctrine. He personally paticipated in the uprisings of the revolutionary forces at Kuangtung and Kuangsi led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen.-
b
772 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Subsequently Mr. Waung went to the South Sea Islands. To every Chinese immigrant he met there, he preached the Revolutionary Doctrine. As a result, large sums of money were collected from the Chinese as, voluntary contributions toward the Revolut'onary Cause. In March 1911 Mr. Waung smuggled himself to Peking where he worked in cooperation with several friends in an attempt to assassinate the Prince Regent, Father of the Boy Emperor Hsuan Tung. A big bomb with a time-fuse had been placed under the brigade at the throne of the Regent's Palace. However, it was discovered by a sentinel. The whole city of Peking was searched for the guilty persons which resulted in the arrest of Mr. Waung and his ac- complices. ,Mr. Waung' was triefi personally by Prince S'han Ch-'i, then president of the Board of Civil Administration. During the trial a Ijng written statement was found in his pocket entitled "Determination of Revolution." In December 1911 a Peace Conference was held at Shanghai between the Re- volutionary government's representatives headed by the late Dr. Wu Ting- fang and the delegation of the Manchu House headed by Tang Sao-i. Mr. Waung was of the Revolutionary representatives and was the author of the articles for the Provision of Pensions for the defunct Ching Family. After the establishment of the Republic in 1912, Mr. Waung was elected Tutuh of Kuangtung. This he declined. He also refused to accept the offer by Yuan Shih-kai of the post of Minister of Justice at Peking. His argument was that after having spent several years in revolutionary work and in addi- tion two years in prison, he was nearing intellectual starvation and therefore in need of a few more years of study before he could be of any service t o the country. Subsequently Mr. Waung went to France where he studied Sociology and Literature. Upon leaving China he told his friends that should the country face any crisis he would return immedi- ately considering it to be a moral obligation to which he must respond. While in France, Mr. Waung helped in the organization of the Learning and Labor Society for Chinese, the Sino-Franco Educational Association, and many magazines. While the Paris Conference was cdled in 1919, the Canton Military government intended to appoint Mr. Waung as special delegate to attend the Conference because he was the first man who had advocated the participation in the European War by China. He declined the offer on account of his determination never tD become an official. However, he went to France unofficially and subsequantiy wrote a book entitled "The World and China after the Paris Conference." Since 1920 Mr. Woung has been interesting himself in educational works. In the capacity of the president of the Kuangtung Provincial E.lucational Associa- tion, he introduced in the National Educational Conference a plan for the reform of Chinese Eudcational System which was eventually adopted.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
773
Mr. Cheng-fu Wang
(Wang Cheng-fu)
Mr. Cheng-fu Wang was born at Ningpo, Chekiang province, in 1890. He received his early education at the Tientsin Middle School, Preparatory Department of the Peiyang University, Tientsin, and in the School of Eng- ineering, Mining and Metallurgy of the Peiyang University. He was awarded the title of Hanlin Scholar in 1910. Then he went to America and studied at Columbia University, School of Mining, and in 1912 receiv- ed the degree of M. A. Fr/om 1912 he continued in the same institutiio'n working for the Doctor's degree until 1915 when illness forced him to
774 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
return to China. Upon his return Mr. Wang serve'l as secretary of the Peking Y. M. C. A. for a year. During the time when Mr. Wang was in America, he served as president of the Chinese Students' Christian Association, the Chinese Students' Alliance, etc. In 1916, he was appointed by the Board of Commerce and Agriculture, Chef f^ngineer for the Iron Division of the Sino-Japanese Coal and Mining Company at Penhsihu in charge of iron smelting, iron mining, and concentration plant. He served in that capacity until 1921. In 1921, Mr. Wang was appoint- ed managing director and chief engineer of the Fengtien Mining Administration. Mr. Wang succeeded in putting the administration ting plant. He served in that capacity imtii 1921. In 1921, Mr. Wang was appointed Managing Director and Chief Engineer of the Fengtien Mining Administration. Mr. Waag succeeded in putting the administration" on a sound business basis. He is now assisted by several returned students of business and engineering ability. At present, the following mines are also under his direction: Pataohao Mine, Lientun Coal Mine, Talin Talc Mine, Pingerhfong Magnesite Mine, Hsincheng Manganese Mine and a few other mines in process. He is also the president of the Mukden Y. M. C. A. and member of the board of management of the Manchurian Christian Medical College. He also iserves the public in various other capacities.
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775
Marshal Wang Ch'eng-pin
3E ;^ « ^^ # f &
Marshal Wang Ch'eng-pin was born at Hsing-cheng Hsien, Fengtien Province, in 1874. He graduated from both the Peiyang Military School and the Imperial Military University. In the Ching Dynasty, Marshal Wang served in the Third Imperial Division as Junior Staff Officer. Later he was promoted to be Chief Staff Officer of the Fifth Mixed Brigade of the Imperial Army. During the First Revolution in the winter of 1911-12, Marshal Wang's troops were in charge of the defence of Shihchiachuang and other important places along the Chengtingfu-Taiyuanfu Railway rendering valuable service in maintaining the order and peace in that part of the country. In 1912, the First Year of the Republic, Marshal
776 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Wang was promoted to be Commander of the 11th Regiment, th? 6th i Brigade, the Third Division of the National Army. In February 1913 ' Marshal Wang was made a Colonel. In April 1913 he was awarded the Third Class Wenhu Decoration and also given the brevet rank of major General. In 1914 Marshal Wang's troops were engaged in the suppression of bandits in Hunan and was lat3r made a Brigadicr-Genereal. In 1915-16 Marshal Wang was in the Upper Yangtzu Region commanding government troops for the relief of Szechuan which was about to fall into the hands of the southern leaders. The lata General Tsai Ao, the Hero of the Yunnan Revolt against Yuan Shih-kai's monarchical movement, considered Marshal Wang as one of China's best military commanders. In April 1916 Marshal Wang was promoted to be Commander of the Extra Brigade of the Third Division, In May he w^as awarded the Fifth Order of Merit; the .Fourth Class Chiaho Decoration; and ths brevet rank of Lieut enant-General. In March 1917 Marshal Wang bacame the Commander of the First Mixed Brigade of Chihli. His troops participates in the overthrow of the Mon- archical Restoration attempted by the late General Chang Hsun in July 1917. Subsequently he was awarded the Fourth Order of Merit. During the flood in the Autumn of 1917, Marshal Wang's troops saved the :city of Cho Hsien, Chihli, from being inundated by untiringly fighting against the water, under his personal supervision. A monument erected by the people inside the city as an expression of their gratitude for Marshal i Wang.- Meanwhile the country was having' a civil strife between tha North and the South, the province of Hunan having been taken by the southern leaders. In January 1918 Marshal Tsao Kun was appointed Commander- in-Chief of an Expedition Force to fight the south in Hunan and Hupei. This force included Marshal Wang's troops which were later responsible for the recapture of the several important cities in Hanan Province.- Ln August 1918 Marshal Wu Pei-fei, then commanding the Third Division in the Northern, Hunan, demanded the Peking government to cease waging war against the south, and also expressed the wish of having all ■ the Chihli Troops withdrawn from the south. In taking this strong attitude, Marshal Wu had the full support of Marshal Wang who had much moral influence over the other senior commanders of the Chihli troops. Some- later Marshal Wang's Mixed Brigade was transferred back to Caihli and he wais awarded the Third Order of Merit. In 1919 he was a Lieuftenant- General and was also given the Second Class Chiaho, the Second Class Wenhu and the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho Decorations. Duringi the Chihli-Anfu War in July 1920, Marshal Wang's Mixed Brigade was stationed at Chengchow, Honan. He took part in this war as Commander-in-Chief of the Rear Forces of Chihli Defence. At that time there were as many as five mixed brigades of the Frontier Army under General Hsu Shu-tseng, the leader of the Anfu Faction, in Honan. Marshal Wang' personally convinced the commanders of these brigades of the serious consequence) if they should take any offense against the Chihli farce there and finally made them to surrender their armus and these troops were subsequently disbanded without causing the slightest trouble. In October 1920 Marshal Wang was given the Second Order of Merit. In December when the Chihli troops were re-organized he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 777
the 23rd Division of the National Army. In November 1921 Marshal Wang was made a Chiangchun with "I- Wei" as special title. In February 1922 he was given the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. In April 1922 he was appointed Deputy Military Director of Chihli. During the Chihli-Fengtien War in May 1922, Marshal Wang was Commander-in Chief of the Chihli Eastern Frank. His 23rd Division, part of which was stationed at Tsang Hsien on the Tientsin-Pukow Railway, and part at Lang-fang on the Peking-Tientsin Line, played an important part in the campaign 'against the Fengtien troops. Previous to this war. Marshal Wang visited Marshal Chang Tso-ling, the Fengtien War Lord, at Mukden three times trying to bring Chihli and Fengtien to an understanding and to avoid an open conflict between them. In June 1922 Marshal Wang was appointed Civil Governor of Chihli. In September 1922 he was given the brevet rank of Full General. In October he was given the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In November he was made a Full General. In October 1923 Marshal Wang was appointed concurrently to hold the post of Military Director of Chihli to replace that of Tucjhun which was then abolished. In November he was made a Shan Chiangchun, Marshal, with "Kuang-Wu' .as his special title and was simultaneously appointed Depuuty High Inspecting Cammission of Chihli-Honan-Shantung. In January 1924 Marshal Wang was relieved of the command of the 23rd Division. I*n April he was appointed assistant director of the Motor Traffic Highroad Constitution Administration for the Chihli-Honan-Shantung Area. Marshal Wang is at present holding the posts of Deputy High Inspecting Commis- sioner of Chihli-Honan-Shantung and of the Civil Governor of Chihli. In September 1924 General Wang was appointed Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Punitive Expedition against Chang Tso-lang. Following the defeat of the Chihli Armies General Wang retired to Tientsin where he is now living.
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778
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. C. T. Wang
(Wang Cheng-t'ing)
Dr. C. T. Wang was born at Ningpo, Chekiang province, in 1882. After having acquired the rudiments of education in his native province, he went to North China. He studied in the Pei-yang University, Tientsin, from 1895 to 1900. He taught at the Tientsin Anglo-Chinese College, Tientsin, and the Hunan Provincial High School, Changsha, during 1900-1903. Then he went to Japan to study. During his four years stay in that country he was also Secretary of the Y. M(. C. A. in Tokyo. In July 1907 he wieno to America with private support. He studied Liberal Arts at the Univers- ity of Michigan, 1907-8, at Yale University, 1908-11. He obtained the degree of R. A. in 1911; elected to Phi Beta Kappa, June 1910. Dr.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 779
Wang returned to China in June 1911 and was at once appointed Secretary of the Chinese Y. M. C. A. at Shanghai. Upon the outbreak of the FirstI Revolution in October 1911, he actively identified himself with the revolu- tionary leaders. He worked for a time under General Li Yuan-hung, who was then the revolutionary commander. Dr. Wang attended, in the capacity of representing Hupei Province, the Conference of Representatives of Provincial Military governments which adopted the Provisional Govern- ment Organization' Law at Hankow on December 3, 1911. He was one of the signatories of that paper. In the- beginning of 1912, Dr. Wang assisted in the organization of the Provisional government. In February 1913, Yuan Shih-kai succeeded Dr. Sun Yat-sen as the Provisional Pres- ident and assumed the presidency at Peking. The first Republican Cabinet was then formed with Tang Shao-i as Prime Minister. In April Dr. Wang was appointed Vice-Minister of Industry and Commerce. In May he was ordered to act as Minister of Industry and Commerce. In July he resigned from the Ministry. Dr. Wang was a member of the First Parliament which was convoked at Peking on April 8, 1912. He was elected vice-president of the Senate on . April 26. The Parliament was then practically in the control of the Kuomingtang of which Dr. Wang was a prominent member. In November 1913 Yuan Shih-kai proscribed the Kuomingtang to be a seditious organization, dissolved it and unseated all the members of the Parliament belonging to that party. In January 1914 the Parliament was dissolved. Dr. Wang then retired into private life and was afterwards invited by the Shanghai Y. M. C. A. to rejoin its service. He was appointed Sec- retary of the National Committee of the Y. M. C. A. After the death of Yuan Shih-kai in June 1916, the First Parliament was reconvoked and Dr. Wang resumed his office as Vice-President of the Senate. He remained in this position until the Parliament was again dissolved in June 1917. Dr. Wang, then went to Canton with other parliamentarians. In August 1917 the Extraordinary Parliament was inaugurated at Canton supporting the Opposition government. Dr. Wang was also connected with this movement. In the autumn of 1918 the Southern government despatched him to Wash- ington to represent its case before President Wilson and secure American recognition of its belligerency. During his mission, he was appointed by the Peking government in January 1919 as one of China's Chief Delegates to the Paris Conference. The appointment was made with the object of presenting China as a united country before the World and accepted for national interest. In February 1920 Dr. Wang returned to China. Then he took an interest in business. He organized an import and export company at Shanghai with himself as Vice-President. He also founded the Hua Feng Cotton Mill Company at Woosung. of which he was managing director. In September 1920 the Peking government appointed him President of the Commission for the Study of Peace Treaties. In March 1922 he became Director General of the Rehabilitation of Shantung interests. In April 1922 he was awarded the First Class Tashou Chiaho. In June 1922 he was appointed China's Chief Commissioner to the Sino-Japanese joint Commis- sion to settle the Shantung Question. In July 1922 he was awarded the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In October 1922 Dr. Wang was ap- pointed Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs and in December he was ordered
780 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
to hold concurrently the post of Chief of the Bureau for the preparation of the Special Tariff Revision Commission. On December 11, he was ap- pointed to act as Prime Minister. In January 1923, when the Cabinet underwent a change, he was appointed Acting Minister of Justice. But this post he held only for a week. In the same month he was appointed a member of the Educational Sinking Funds Commission. In February 1923 he was awarded the First Class Wenfu. In March 1923 he was ordered to make preparation for the Sincf-Russian Negotiation. In November 1923 Dr. Wang was commissioned to visit Japan making investigations of the conditions of Chinese students and merchants after the earthquake. After his return from Japan, he commenced the Sino-Russian Negotiation with Mr. Kharahan, the Soviet Envoy at Peking. In March 1924 Dr. Wang signed with Mr. Karahan, the preliminary of the Sino-Russian Treaty. But question was then raised as to his authority of signing the prel'ilminary, agreement without referring to the Cabinet. He was attacked by his opponents i as a (result of which the Sino-Russian Negotiation was subse- quently taken over by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Shortly after this, he accepted the post of managing director of the Liu Ho Kou Coal Mining Company. Following the defeat of the Chihli party by the Anfu-Fengtien combination caused by the cotip d'etat by the Christian General Feng Yu- hsiang, Dr. C. T. Wang served for a time as acting Premier and Minister of Foreign Affairs in the temporary government established by General Feng, prior to the organization of the Provisional government headed by Marshal Tuan Chi-jui. In February 1925, Dr. Wang was again appointed by the Peking government to conduct the Sino-Russian negotiations.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
781
Mr. C. Z. Waung
(Wang Ch'i-ch'ang)
Mr. C. Z. Waung was born at Ningpo, Chekiang, in 1888. He was educated at St. John's University, Shanghai (1900-1907). He left China for Great Britain in October 1907 and entered the University of London in March 1908. He studied economics at the London School of Economics and Poli- tical Science and received the degree of Bachelor of Science (Economics) from the University of London at the end of 1911 with honors. After his graduation, he returned ta China in February 1912, and joined the Ministry of Finance of the Provisional government of the Republic of China at Nanking. After the unification of the North and the South, he went to Peking and continued to serve at the Ministry of Finance. When the Bureau of Auditing of Finance was formed in the summer of 1912, he was appointed an assistant auditor. After the abolition of the bureau, he was appointed senior clerk of the Ministry of Finance. In the winter of 1913, he was delegated by the Ministry to be a member of the Financial Com-
782 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
mission of the Cabinet. In the summer of 1915, he was appointed by the Ministry as a member of the Taxation Reform Commission. From 1913 to 1919, he was also connected with the Peking Government University as professor of economic history. When the Bureau of Currency Reform was formed at the end of 1917, he was transferred to that bureau. In November' 1919, he was appointad by the Bureau of Currency Reform to proceed to Europe to investigate the currency condition in Europa and America since the Great War. At the same time he was appointed by the Chinese Assoc- iated Trading Company to act as its representative in Europe. The trading company is the first Chinese importing and exporting firm carrying on direct trade with Europe and America. After he had finished his mission in Europe, . he returned to Peking in November 1920 and again joined the Ministry of Finance. In the summer of 1921, he organized, with a number of his friends, the Chinese Women's Commercial and Savings Bank in Peking. At the first general meeting of the shareholders, in September 1921, he was elected the general manager. This is the first bank in China which lias a staff of women oflicers, and the organizers expect to open up a new sphere of activity for educated Chinese women. Socially, Mr. Waung has been for a long time an ac:ive member of the Anglo-Chinese Society at Peking. From 19iy to 1919, he served as the treasurer of this society. He is also nn active member of the Peking Y. M. G. A., and for several years he has nerved on a committee of its educational department.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
783
Mr. Ouang Ki-tseng
(Wang Chi-tseng)
Ml". Quang Ki-t?eng was born at Ming-hou Hsien, Fukien province, in 1880, from a family which has given forth many noted officials during the Ching Regime. His great grandfather, Ouang Ching-yun, was a member of the Hanlin Academy and Governor of the Provinces of Shansi and Shensi, Viceroy of Szechuen and of the Liangkuang Provinces, and President of the Board of Works. His name is recorded in Chinese history by the Na- tional Historiographers' Office. He v/rote a book called "Shih Chu Yu Chi" in which the historical events of the Ching Dynasty from its establishment up to the reign of Tao Kuang were given in detail. It is a comprehensive work, and is held in high esteem. His uncle, Ouang Jen-km, the famous Optimus at the Palace Examinations of 1877 was for some time Prefect of Chekiang and of Soochow. His father, Ouang Jen-tung, was a secretary of the Imperial Council and was afterwards transferred to Kiangsu as sub- prefect of Nantungchow. Later he was promoted as Granary Taotai of the
784 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Kiangning circuit. After his graduation from the Nanyang College at Shanghai, Mr. Ouang Ki-tssng accompanied Mr. Sun Pao-chi, then Chinese Minister to France, to Paris in the winter of 1902 to pursue higher studies and to serve as the same timb 'as a legation student, and Assistant Com- mercial Attache. He stayed in France for seven years, and underwent a course of study in the Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales and the Ecole Libre des Sciences Politiques which institution of learning is famous for coaching up students for diplomatic and public service^. Daring his stay in school he was a member of the Society of Public Speaking of the Ecole Libre 'des Sciences Politiques and received I'Aureat. Upon the completion of his studies he was awarded "Mention Tres Bien." In 1906 he accompanied the Chinese High Commissioners to Europe for the study of constitutions in Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Au^ria, etc. In 1908 he was appointed representative of the Chinese government to the International Conference of Oriental Literature held at Copenhagen. In 1909 he returned to China and was appointed Secretary to Chang Shih-tung, the celebrated Imperial Chancellor and statesman. Afterwards Liu Hsi-hsun, at that time Chinese Minister to France, recommended him to the -position of Superintendent of Chinese Students in France. On his second visit to France he remained for two years. In 1910 he was appointed representative of the Chinese government to the International High Educational Conference at Brussels. In 1911 he was appointed a member of the jury of the Internati'Onal Ex"- position at Turin in Italy. Upon the establishment of the Republic in 1912, Mr. Ouang returned to China and joined the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. For nine years in this Ministry he served at different times, as Junior Secretary, Senior Secretary, Chief Secretary, Sectional Chief, Department Chief, and Councillor. In March 1919 he was awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho and in January 1920 the Second Class Wenf u. In September 1920 he was appointed Chinese Minister to Mexico and Cuba. In October 1922 he was given the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho. At the end of 1923 he returned to China on a leave of absence. In January 1924, Mr. Sun Pao-chi became Prime Minister and appointed him Chief Secretary of the Cabinet. • In May he was relieved of the Mexico and Cuba posts. In September 1924 he left the Cabinet. Mr. Ouang has received the follow- ing foreign decorations: The Fifth Class Crown Decoration of Italy; The Second Class Decoration from Russia: The Fourth Class Decoration of the Legion of Honor from France: The Third Class Rising Sun Decoration from Japan: The Second Clsas Crown Decoration from Italy.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
785
Mr. Wang Chia-hsiang
Mr. Wang Chia-hsiang was born at Shao-hsing, Chekiang province, in 1873. Ho was Senior Licentiate (Kung Sheng) in the Ching Dynasty. In 1901 Mr. Wang was appointed an Expectant Sub- Prefect. In 1902 he was promoted tio Expectant Prefect. In 1904 Mr. Wang went to .Japan to study police administration in the police department of Tokyo. He returned to China in 1906 upon graduation. Subsequently Mr. Wang was appointed Councillor of the Police Department of Chekiang and also Proctor of the Chekiang High Police School. He also taught in that school as well as in the law School at HangcJiow. 'Mr. Wang made another trip to Japan, spending one year during 1907-1908, in the Tokyo Police College from which he was graduated. Upon returning to China, Mr. Wang became
786 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Director of the Police Administration of Chekiang province. In 1909 he was elected a member of the Chekiang Provincial Advisory Council. In 1911 Mt*. Wang was director of the Police Administration of Kirin province. TIpo/i the outbreak of the First Revolution in October 1911, he returned to Chekiang becoming magistrate of Hangchow, the capital of Chdciang. Mr. Wang was elected a Member of the Provisional National Assembly which was convoked in January 1912. This Assembly elected Yuan Shih-kai as Provisional President to succeed Sun Yat-sen and drafted the Provisional Constitution. Mr. Wang was Senator of the First Parliament which was convoked in April 1913 at Peking replacing the Provisional National Assem-bly. He was then a leader of the Progressive Party. In his con- nection with the Frst Parliament, Mr. Wang was a member of the Consti- tution Drafting Committee; President of the Senate; Chairman, of the Constitution Conference; and Chairman of the Presidential Election College which elected Yuan Shih-kai the First President of China in October 1913. In January 1914 Yuan Shih-kai dissolved the First Parliament and in May 1914 he created a new advisory body called Tsan Cheng Yuan to act in the place of the Parliament filled with the President's nominees, of which Mr. Wang was one. The First Parliament was reconvoked in August 1916 when Yuan Shih-kai had died. Mr. Wang became President of the Senate again. After the second dissolution of the First Parliament, which occur- red in June 1917, Mr. Wang was appointed Director General of the Fu Chung Corporation, a Sino-British mining concern. The second recon- vocation of the First Parliament in Peking occurred in June 1922 after the Chihli-Fengtien War. Mr. Wang became a Senator, holding the position of President of the Senate until the end of 1923. He was awarded the Fifth Order of Merit in January 1920, the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho in October 1922; and the First Class Wenhu Decoration in February 1923.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
787
Mr. John Wong
(Wang Chien)
Mr. John Wong was born at Taiku hsien, Shensi, in 1885. His father was then a magistrate of that district. At the age of 10, he went with his parents to their permanant home in Peking. For the next two years he studied at home and was then tutored in English by a g'raduate of Peking University. In 1898 Mr. Wang entered St. John's College, Shanghai.
788 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Shortly after, the Boxer Uprising broke out, and being severed from his family in Peking for over six months, he was much embarrassed financially. Howevei", his class-mates at St. John's came to his assistance, and he even- tually was graduated from St. John's with honor. After two years in the collegiate department of St. John's, he received a government scholarship to the Tientsin Polytechnic College, where he studied chemistry, completing five years' work in two. In 1909, Mr. Wong took the competitive examina- tion for a Boxer Indemnity scholarship, and was one of the first group of 47 to go to the United States. In the winter of 1910, he studied at Gushing Academy, Ashburham, Massachusetts, and then took four years in chemistry at the State University of Wisconsin, from which he received the degree of B. A. in 1914. The following year he specialized in leather chemistry at Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, working during the summer in several American tanneries The following year he obtained an M. A. from Columbia University. In the fall of 1916, Mr. Wong returned to Tientsin, where he started a .small tannery of his own, with a capital of $500. His venture proved successful, and today his tannery has a paid-up capital of i5lOO,000 and there are plans for increasing it to $250,000. Mr. Wong is a Christian, having been baptized in the Congregational Church at Ashburnham. On his return to China, he was elected to the board of the Y. M. G. A., and has served in that capacity ever since.
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789
Mr. Wang Ch'ih-ch'ang
aE ^ ^ ^ » t
Mr. Wang Ch'ih-ch'ang waa born at Tientsin, Chihli province, in 1877. He studied law at the Peiyang University, Tientsin. Before graduation from that University, he went to Japan, where he entered Waseda Univers- ity taking a Commercial Course and was graduated with the degree of B. C. Ho was awarded the degree of Chu-jen, or Provincial Graduate in commerce by the Ching government. Mr. Wang began his official career as a member of the Board of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce. For a time before the establishment of the Republic, he was professor in the College of Commerce at Tientsin. In 1912 Mr. Wang became a Junior Secretary of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce in charge of the Foreign Trade Section. In December 1913 this Ministry and the Ministry of Agriculture of Forestry were amalgamated into the Ministry of Agricul-
790 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
ture and Commerce. Mr. Wang was given the post of Senior Secretary in the new Ministry. Later Mr. Wang was promoted to be a Councillor of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, becoming concurrently the Curator of the Commercial Museum of the Ministry. In December 1918 Mr. Wang was appointed by the Ministry to study the post-war industrial conditions in Europe and America. He was at the same time awarded the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. When the Peace Conference was held in Paris in the first part of 1919, Mr. Wang was with the Chinese Delegation 'as technical expert. In January 1920 Mr. Wang received the Second Class Wen-hu Decoration. In January 1921 he was given the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and at the same time appointed a Director of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, in charge of the Department of Industry and Commerce. In August 1921 Mr. Wang was appointed to be concurrently the government superintendent of the Bank of Agriculture and Commerce which position he is still holding. In September 1921 he was appointed Technical Expert of the Chinese Delegation to the Washington Conference. Subsequently to his return from the Washington Conference, Mr. Wang was appointed Vice-President of the Commission for the Discus- sion of Customs Tariff Revision. In November 1922 he was awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration. In January 1923, Mr. Wang received another concurrent position as a Member of the Bureau for the Preparation of the calling of the Special Conference for the Revision of the Customs Tariff. In February 1923 he became Vice-President of the Commission for the Revision of the Commercial and Industrial Laws. Besides holding the posts of Director of the Ministry and Superintendent of the Bank of Agriculture and Commerce, Mr. Wang has been for many years a Member of the Advisory Council of the Government Immigration Bureau. Mr. Wang has also been registered with the Cabinet as an official qualified to be Envloy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to a foreign country. Mr. Wang is wearer of the First Class Gold Medal of the Ministry of Finance and also of the First Class Medal of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
791
Dr. C. P. Wang
aE f& ^ ^ lb tf
(Wang Chih.p'ing)
Dr. C. P. Wang was hoi'n in Peking, and was graduated from the Peking Methodist University in 1900. After his graduation Dr. Wang was ap- pointed by the Methodist Mission to be pastor at Ohien Wei Chen outside Shanhaikuan. In 1901 he wa« transferred to Fu-Ning Hsien, Chihli province. From 1902 to 1907 Dr. Wang was engaged in educational work
792 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
at Shanhaikuan under the auspdces of the Methodist Mission and was for a larger part of this period principal of the Middle School there. In the fall of 1907 he was called to Peking and given a pi>ofessorship in the Methodist University. He served as dean of the Chinese Department while he v;as also teaching English. In 1914 Dr. Wang went to America for graduate work and received the degree of M. A. in 1915 and that of Ph.D. in 1917. Upon his return to China in 1917 Dr. Wang became Professor of Political Historj^ in the Methodist University. In the winter of 1919 he was invited by the Tientsin Y. M. C. A. to be its assistiant general secretary and since 1922 he has been general secretary of the Tientsin Y. M. C. A., and for several years has served on the committee of the Y. M. C. A. of China.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
793
General Wang Ching-ch'en
794 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Wang Ching-cheng, was born in Yihsien, Anhui province, in 1871. He graduated from the Peiyang Military College in 1904, in which year he left for Japan to enter the Military Cadets' Academy of Japan, completing his course on Commissary in 1906. Following his return to China, he was appointed instructor of the Peiyang Army and chief of the educational section of the Peiyang Training Bureau and other offices. Upon the establishment of the Republic, General Wang became garrison com- mander of the Fourth Division of the Peiyang Army Corps and was later transferred to be superintendent of the Commissariat of the National Training Corps, concurrently acting as councillor of the Bureau of the General Staff and War and Senior Councillor of the Precautionary Forces of Shantung. Since 1920 he was chief of staff to the Defence Commissioner of Sunkiang and Shanghai, also commanding the Woosung Forts and co-director of the Kiangnan Arsenal at Shanghai. He was considered as one of the most capable soldiers of the time during the Yuan Shih-kai regime and since his appointment at Shanghai, he won for himself an emviiable reputation not only as a soldier but also as General Ho's advisor on local matters arising out of his office.
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795
Mr. Wang King-ky
(Wang Chingch'i)
Mr. Wang King-ky was born at Ming-hou Hsien, Fukien province, in 1882. He entered Tze Chiang School at Wuchang in 1896 for the study of French. In 1900 he enrolled with the Little Academy in France. After- wards he joined the School of Political Science in Paris, specializing in diplomacy, where he graduated with high honors. Subsequently he went to England and attended Oxford and Edinburgh Universities. In 1908 he was appointed an attache to the Chinese Legation in Paris. In February of 1918 Mr. Wang was transferred to Peking and became an attache to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In March 1913 he was appointed by the Cabinet concurrently as reporter of the Commission on the Study of Con- stitutions. In September he was appointed by the Ministry of Foreign
796 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Affairs to be Chinese representative on the Claims Commission. In October he was promoted to the rank of senior clerk in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In April 1914 he became a member of the commission on Chinese and foreign legation and concurrently acted as associate secret- ary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In August he became first secretary to the Outer Mongolian Conference. In June ' 1915 Mr. Wang returned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs upon the completion of the functions as first secretary to the conference, -and in Septeimber. was appointed a member of the Commission on 'the Preparations for the European Peace Conference. In December he was jointly appointed by theMinisterof Justice and the Minister of Foreign Affairs to be a member of the Commission on the study of Judicial Questions. In January 1916 he became chief of the private law section, Department of Political Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In June 1916 he receiv'ed an additional post as examination of the Diplomatic Service Commission. In September 1916 he was engaged by the Peking Government University as professor of the History of Chinese Commercial Relations and Treaties and of the Interna- ■ tional liaw. In October 1916 he became concurrently chief of the treaties section of the Foreign Office. In August 1917 Mr. Wang was appointed an Associate Councillor and in June 1918 an Acting Councillor, of the Foreign Office. At the end of 1918 Mr. Wang was sent to Paris as coun- cillor of the Chinese Delegation. In January 1920 Mr. Wang returned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs becoming an associate councillor, and was also given the Third Class Wenfu. In September 1920 he became an Acting Councillor of the Foreign Office. In October 1920 he was made a member of the Peace Treaty Discussion Commission. In February 1921 he was awarded the Second Class Chiaho and also appointed substantial Councillor of the Foreign Office. In August 1921 he was appointed Chinese Minister to Belgium and was at the same time given the Second Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration. Mr. Wang left China in September 1921 and is still in Belgium, In October 1922 he was awarded the Third Clasa Paokuang Chiaho.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
797
Dr. C. C. Wang
£ Ji: # -^ ^fe !S
(Wang Ching-ch'un)
Dr. C. C. Wang was born at Lanchow, Chihli province ,in 1882. He studied at Peking Methodist University and was clerk and interpreter at ihe America Legation, Peking from 1900 to 1904. In April 1904 he arrived in America with private support. He studied science at Ohio Wes- leyan University during 1905-06. He entered Yale University in 1906 studying civil engineering and graduating from it with the degree of Ph.B. in 1908. From 1908 to 1911 he was in the University of Illinois, where he took the degree of M. A. on Railway Administration in 1909 and that of Ph.D. on Economics and Political Science in 1911, the subject of his
798 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
doctor's dissertation being "Legislative Regulation on Railway Finance in England." Dr. Wang was awarded Wu Ting-fang's Prize for .scholar- ship and general conduct in August 1909. He was president of the Chinese Students' Alliance during 1907-08; of the Cosmopolitan Club, 1908-9; of the Association of Cosmopolitan Clubs, 1909-10; Honorary Fellowship in Railway Administration, University of Illinois; 1909-11; Teacher in Oriental History and Commerce, University of Illinois, 1909-10; editor of the Chinese Students' Monthly, 1907; edito'r-in-chief of the same Monthly, 1908-9. He carried on investigation for some time with the Illinois Central Railway, Interstate Commerce Commission U. S. A., and North Western Railway and Board of Trade in London. Dr. Wang returned to China in November 1911. At once he was appointed a Member of the Board of Communications, Peking. He was Councillor, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Provisional Government, Nanking, 1912; Co-Director of Peking Mukden Railway, 1912-13; Co-Director, Peking-Hankow Railway, 1913-14: Official Delegate to the Fift*h International Congress of Commerce in Boston and to the Panama Pacific Exposition to open the grounds. From America he went to Europe to study railway administration. Upon his return to America to attend the Exposition, he wrote a number of scholarly articles for well-known American magazines. As soon as he got back to China he was appointed Vice-Chairman of the Commission on the Unification of Railway Accounts and Statistics. The fundamental reform in this con- nection was largely due to Dr. Wang's initiation and persistence. Later, Dr. Wang was appointed Director of the Department of Railway Finance and Accounts and Acting Director-General of Posts under the Ministry of Communications, concurrently. On account of Minister Hsu Shih-yin's reactionary policy in 1916, the Commission on the Unification of Railway Accounts and Statistics, was dissolved and Dr. Wang was made a Coun- cillor of the Ministry, 1916-17. He was special government delegate to the Fifth Sino-Japanese Joint Traffic Conference held in Japan in 1917. He was appointed managing director of the Peking Mukden Railway in the summer of 1917. In this capacity, he saved Peking a bloody battle between Republican troops and General Feng Ling-kuo's Hunghutsze sold- iers by his timely withdrawal of locomotives and cars from Koupangtze in order to prevent this hairy horde from coming to the Capital, where Chang Hsun was attempting to put the Boy Emperor on the throne again. When the Republic was restored Dr. Wang was transferred to be managing director of the Peking-Hankow Railway. In November 1918 he was com- missioned to a company with the High Industrial Commissioner Yeh Kung-cho to Europe on a mission to study industrial conditions in European countries. While in Europe he was technical delegata of China's Delegation to the Paris Peace Conference. In the winter of 1919, after his return from Europe, he resigned from the Peking-Hankow post. In December 1919 he became a Councillor of the Ministry 'of Communications again. In January 1920 he was ordered to be concurrently China's representative on the Inter-allied Technical Board for the administration of the Siberian and Chinese Eastern Railways at Harbin, and was at the same time given the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho. In May 1920 he was given the Second Class Tahsou Paokuang Chiaho and also commissioned to act as
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 799
Associate Director General of the Chinese Eastern Railway. He was made a member of the Famine Relief Communications under the Ministry in September 1920 and a special member of the Railway Finance Communica- tions in November 1920. He was associate director general from November
1920 to May 1921 ; and Chief of the Railway Department in the Ministry of Communications from May 1921 to January 1922. While a DeparCmental Chief he was Vice-Chairman of the Famine Relief Commission; Railway Finance Commission; Railway Location Commission; Chief Executive Secretary of the Commission on Chinese Eastern Railway Affairs; As- sistant Chief of the International Through Traffic Bureau. In December
1921 he was transferred to be Councillor of the Ministry of Communications. In January 1922, he became again the associate director general of the Chinese Eastern Railway. In March 1922 he was promoted to be Acting Director General of the same Railway which position was later substantiated to him. In December 1922 he was given the First Class Tashou Chiaho. He resigned from the Director Generalship early in 1924 on account of difference of opinion with Marshal Chang Tso-lin.
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800
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Wang Chung-hui
Dr. Wang Chung-hui was born at Canton, Kuangtung province, in 1882. He studied at the Peiyang University, Tientsin, between 1895 and 1900. During the Boxer rising, he went to Japan to study political affairs. Upon his completion of the study, he went to America to pursue a higher educa« tion. In 1904 he received his D. C. L. degree from Yale University. While in America, Dr. Wang translated the German Civil Code into Eng- lish and acted as co-editor of the "Journal of the Amierican Bar Associa- tion." In 1905 he studied jurisprudence and international law in England, France and Germany. In the course of his post-graduate work, he was called to the English Bar at the Inner Temple. In 1907 he was appointed by the Chinese government as assistant to Lu Cheng-hsiang, China's repre- sentative to the Second Hague Conference. In the first revolution in 1911, Kuangtung elected Dr. Wang as its representative to attend the conference at Nanking for the discussion of the form of government for China. Later he was appointed Minister for Foreign .\ffairs of the Nanking Provisional government. In March 1912 Dr. Wang was appointed first Minister of Justice of the newly formed republican government at Peking. In July
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 801
1912 he resigned from the office of Minister cf Justice upon the resignation of Tang Shao-yi from the premiership. Oh his resignation he was appoint- ed Chief Advisor to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. Dr. Wang instead; of accepting the new appointment went to Shanghai where he was soon afterwards engaged by the Chunghua Book Publishing Company as its chief editor. Between 1914 and 1916 Dr. Wang acted concurrently as vice- president of the Fu Tan College. His interests in national affairs while being occupied with educational works were as active as ever. In 1915, when the Yuan. Shih-kai monarchical movement was started, for instance, he played no small part in frustrating it. In April 1916 he was appointed to take charge of foreign affairs in Kuangtung. In 1917 he was appointed President of the Law Codification Commission, Peking. He was given the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho in October 1919 and the S3Cond Class Wenfu in January 1920. In August 1920 he became Chief Judge of the Supreme Court. He was commissioned to be President of the Judicial Officials Punishment Commission in October 1920 and President of the Jurisdiction Discussion Commission in November 1920. In February 1921 Dr. Wang was given the First Class Tashou Chiaho. In March he was appointed in the capacity of Chief of Supreme Court to be appointed in the capacity of Chief of Supreme Court to be Chinese Repres^entative to participate in the revision of the covenant of the League of Nations. In June 1921 he was appointed Chinese Chief Delegate to the League of Nations. In October 1921 he became one of China's Chief Delegates to the Wasliington Conference. In D-ccember 1921 he was awarded the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and subsequently was appointed Minister of Ju'stice, which office he was not able to assume until June 1922 when he returned from America. In March 1922 he was awarded the First Class Wenfu. In August 1922, after the Chihli-Feng- tien War, Tang Shao-i was ordered to form a Cabinet. Dr. Wang who was appointed Minister of Education was asked to act Premier for Mr. Tang who could not come. From September to November, 1922, he was Acting Premier. From September 1922 to Januiary 1923 he was President of the Political Reorganization Discussion Commission. In April 1923 he left China to assume the post of a judge of the International Court at Hague, to which position he had been elected. On his way to Holland, he visited' Dr. Sun Yat-sen at Canton with a peace message from Peking. In January 1924 he was appointed Minister of Justice and Hsieh Tupeh to act for him before his return from Hague. He was officially relieved of this post in Septe!mber 1924. He is still in Hague.
802
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. C. Y. Wang
2 11 fe '# fe E
. (Wang Ch'ung-yu)
Mr. C. Y. Wang was born in Hongkong in 1879, his home being, at Tung Kun Hsien, Kuangtung province. He studied at Queen's College from 189S to 1895 and entered Peiyang University, Tientsin, in 1895, graduating from the Mining Department in 1899. Mr. Wang went to America in 1901 and studied mining at the University of California during 1901-1902. In the fall of 1902 he entered Columbia University to study mining and geology and was graduated with the degree of M. A. in 1908. Mr. Wang becamb a member of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. In 1904 he was elected to Sigma Xi and the American Institute of Mini»ng; Engineers. Mr. Wang returned to China in 1908. The following gives the various positions he has held since his return from America: 1908- 1909, Metallurgist, Wah Chang Mining & Smelting Co., Changsha; 1909- 1918, managing director, Pao Tai Mining & Smelting Co; 1910-1911, Mining Engineer, government of the province of Kuangse; 1911-1912^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 803
Commissioner of Commerce and Industries, Canton; 1914-1916 superin- tendent of Taj^eh & Iron Mines; 1916-1918, engineer-in-chief, Panolf & Antimony Refinery, Hankow; 1919-1921, consulting mining engineer, 1921-1922, Councillor of the Chinese Delegation to the Washington Con- ference; 1921-1922, Head of the Mine Committee for the Rendition of the Shantung Mines, 1923, manager of the Yangtzu Blast Furnace, Liu-Ho-Kou Mining Company; and since 1923 head of the Technical Department, Liu Ho Kou Mining Company, Peking. Mr. Wang is the author of the follow- ing publications; Treaties on Antimony published by Messrs. Charles Griffin Co., London, 1908; The Origin and Nature of Love published by The Open Road Publishing Co., London, 1908; The Bibliography of the Minei-al Wealth and Geology of China, published by Charles Griffin Co., London, 1912; and The Mineral Resources of China, 1921. He was awarded the Third Class Chiaho in July 1922 and Second Class Chiaho in January 1923. His present address is Liu Ho Kou Mining Co., Mu Ch'ang Hutung, Peking, or 21, Rue de Paris, Hankow^.
oe
804
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Wong Soong-dong
(Wang En-p'u)
Mr. Won^c Soong-dong was born at Ningpo, Chekiang province, in 1854. He came to Shanghai at an early age and received his education in that port. In 1871 he joined the staff at the American Consulate, Shang- hai, as shroiT and has served as compradore in the disbursing office of the Consulate under sixteen Consuls-General, being the oldest and only Chinese consular officer in the U. S. service in China. Mr. Wong has seen many changes in Shanghai and in the U. S. consular work since the time he- joined the staff. At that time there were few foreign houses and the U. S. Consulate was located in the old Japanese Consular buildings, novw a godown at 36 Whangpoo Road. Later the consulate removed to Kiukiang Road and then to its present location at 12 Whangpoo Road. Mr. Wong said there have been great changes from the time when they rented their buildings, which were only valued at Tls. 8,000 and now when the land is worth Tls. 60,000 and the buildings are government owned. Mr. Wong is the father of six sons, has eight grandsons, and two great-grandsons. He now resides with Mrs. Wong at 14 Morrison Road. One of Mr. Wong's sons, Homer Wong, who received his education at St. John's University, is Deputy Director General of Posts at Peking and another Yates Wong,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 805
former interpreter at the U. S. Consulate-General, is now with the Canton- Hankow Railway. It was during the year of 1879 when General Grant was on a ftour of the world that Mr. Wong met General Grant in Shanghai .and acted as his escort to the various nearby Chinese towns. When General Grant departed from Shanghai he gave to the young Chinese gentleman, who had escorted him a solid gold American eagle emblem, which Mr. Wong has worn as a watch charm these many years. Mr Wong is also the recipient of an engraved silver cup which was donated by the consular authorities to him for his remarkable record of fifty years of service for the government of the United States. The cup was presented by M. F. Perkins, acting Consul-General in 1921. Since the time of Mr. Wong's connection with the U. S. Consulate the following Consuls-General .have served at the Shanghai post; G. F. Seward, 1871-1876; W. Willis, 1876- 1877; L. H. Bailey, 1877-1880; T. Mylers, 1880-1883; J, Stohel; 1883- 1886; J. D. Kennedy, 1886-1889; J. A. Leonard, 1889-1893; 0. N. Den- ning, 1893-1898; W. Smithers, 1895-1897; T. R. Jernigan, 1896-189; J. Goodnow. 1899-1904; C. Denby, 1904-1906; J. L. Rodgers, 1906-1909; A. P. Wilder, 1909-1914; T. Sammons, 1914 1919; and E. S. Cunningham 1919-to the present.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Won); Kok-shan
(Wang Hsun)
Mr. Wong Kok Shan was born in 1872 in Kwangtung province aftd was educated first at home and then entered Queen's College in Hongkong. After graduation he was appointed a teacher in the Peiyang University of Tientsin in 1895. Later he gave up teaching work and became agent of the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company at Tientsin in 1896. In
1902 he was awarded the brevet I'ank of Taotai by the government. In
1903 he was appointed commissioner of the Canton-Hankow Railway and in 1905 was awarded the same position on the Shanghai-Nanking Railway. In 1908 he became commercial manager of the Han-yeh-ping Iron and Coal Company and in 1918 was appointed commercial manager of the Yangtsze Engineering Works at Hankow. At the pi-esent he is general manager of the Chung Hwa Steel Products Company, Ltd. of Shanghai.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
807
Marshal Wang Huai-ch'ing
Marshal Wang Huai-ch'ing was born at Ning-chin Hsien, Chihli pro- vince, in 1866. He received a good education at home in his youth. When he was grown up, he gave up his classics study and entered the Military Academy, Tientsin. He was a member of the second graduating class of that institution. After graduation he became an instructor in General Nieh Shih-cheng's army. During the Sino-Japanesi War he participated in the Mukden campaign and displayed unprecedented braver)' during the fight at Taikuling. L^ter Yuan Shih-kai, then Viceroy of Chihli, appointed him commander of the 2ad Cavalry Brigade of the Peij'ang Army. In 1907 when the present President Hsu Shih-chang was Viceroy of tha Three Eastern Provinces, transferred Marshal Wang thither and appointed him Co-director of the Department of military affairs.
808 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Concurrently he acted as advisor to the Department of Military In- struction and commander of a part of the Huai Chun. During his stay in Manchuria he established a military sshool called the Chiang' Wu Tang, and suppressed numerous brigands who had been devastating the country. Two years later he was transferred to Chihli and promoted to be military commander of Tungyunghen. At the same time he was Commander of the Huai Chun. During the wintsr of 1911, the soldiers at Lanchpw east of Tangshan on the Peking-Mukden Railway mutinied at the instigation of the revolutionists. He repaired to the scene and restored order in person. Upon the establishment of the republic in 1911, Yuan Shih-kai appointed Marshal Wang Garrison Commilssioner at Dolonor. General Wang still retained the command of the Huai Chun. During his stay at Dolonor, he also commanded the fifth brigade of the last division of the regular army. In 1913 he personally directed the suppression of the Mongol brigands who were ravaging the frontier, and was present at a bloody battle lasting three days and three nights, which resulted in the extermination of the rebel force. In September 1914 he was transferred back to Chihli and was appointed Garrison Commissioner of Chi-nan division of the province on the border of Shantung and is known as a very difficult place to govern. Brigands were scattered all over the vicinity and were a constant source of menace to the peace loving people. Upon the assumption of his office, Mashal Wang mobilized his troops, followed the brigands where- ever they went, destroyed their dens and killed their leaders. This efficient manner of fighting the brigands won for him a good name, and was responsible for the speedy restoration of order in the neighborhood. After the death of Yuan Shih-kai, in June 1916, Marshal Wang retired for a while. Upon his assumption of the presidential office in September 1918, he appointed General Wang a High Advisor. In January 1919 he was given the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In May 1919 he was appointed acting Commander-in-Chief of the Peking Gendarmerie. In July 1919 he was substantiated to this post. In November 1919 he was given the brevet rank of Full General and also the First Class Wenfu. In July 1920, after the defeat of the Anfu Faction, he was appointed acting; Commander-in-Chief of the MetropioKtin Garrison as a concurrent post. In September 1929 he received another concurrent position as Commander-in Chief of the 13th Division. In October 1919 Ije was given the Third Order of Merit. In January 1921 Marshal Wang was given the Firstj Class Tashou Chiaho and in January 1922 the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In February 1922 he was appointed to be concurrently Deputy Director of the I-Chun Troops. In May 1922 he was appointed Commander- in-Chief of the Metropolitan Garrison and also High Inspecting Coommis- sioner of Jehol, Charhar and Suilyuan, holding concurrently the post of Tutung of Jehol. In October 1922 he was made a Full General. In November 1923 he was maclje a Shan Chiangchun, Marshal, with "Chin-Wu" as his Special title. In July 1924 he was relieved of the Jehol Tutungship by General Mi Chun-piao. In September 1924, in the Punitive Expedition to subjugate Marshal Chang Tso-lin, the Peking government appointed Marshal Wang the Commander-in-Chief of the Second Army Corp.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
809
General Wang I-t'ang
General Wang I-t'ang was born at He-fei Hsien, Anhui province, in 1877. He was a Metropolitan Graduate under the Ching regime. During 1907-8 he served as Military Councillor to Hsu Shih-chang who was then Viceroy of Manchuria. For- a time he also commanded troops at Fengtien. Later he accompanied Minister Tai Hungtze to Russia to attend the cor- onation of Czar. He spent two years touring in European countries and also in America before he returned to China. When he was in Germany, he studied military science. Upon returning to Peking, he passed an examination held for returned students and was then sent to Japan to pursue higher education. After the First Revolution, General Wang through the introduction of Hsu Shih-chang, joined the secretariat of Yuan Shih-kai. When Yuan Shih-kai came to terms with the southern leaders regarding the cancellation of the Nanking Provisional government, General Wang was one of the four representatives sant to interview prominent persons at
810 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Nanking on his behalf. Subsequently President Yuan made General Wang his political councillor and also promoted him to be a Lieutenant General with the brevet rank of Full General. In 1912 he was instrumental in organizing the Kung-ho Tang, a political party, which later became a strong i component of the Progressive Party. In . April 1913 the First Parliament was convoked. General Wang was a Senator representing Thibet. He rendered much service in electing Yuan Shih-kai as formal President in October 1913. After the dissolution of the First Parliament, Yuan Shih-kai called a special conference to revise the Provisional Constitution in 1914. General Wang w:tS a member of that Council representing An- hui province. In May 1914 Yuan Shih-kai created a States Council to act as the national legislature. General Wang was appointed a member of it. This pofit he held until August 1915 when he was appointed Civil Governor Kirin. He left Kirin in April 1916 and returned to Peking because he could not get along with the military authorities of that province^ In the same month he was appointed Minister of the Interior which post he held until the end of June 1916 on the 6th of which month Yuan Shih-kai died. Having left politics, General Wang interested hims3lf in educational works. He founded the Kuo Ming Univers'ty and the Chung Hua University, both in Peking. In the autumn of 1916 he went to Germany and France to study military organizations. Upon his return to China in April 1917, he became active in politics again. In June 1917 the First Parliament was for the second time dissolved. In November 1917 a Provisional Senate was created with General Wang as its President. The work assigned to this assembly was to remake the laws governing the parliamental elec- tion. After the completion of the woi'k, he organized the An Fu Club, of which he was the nominal leader. In August 1918 the new Parliament which was then called the Anfu Parliament and which was based upon the re- vised election laws was convoked. General Wang was electad a member of the Lower House and eventually became its Speaker. In February 1919 an Internal Peace Conference 'was called to Shanghai to settle the differen- ces between the north and the south. At first Mr. Chu Chi-chien was Chief Northern Delegate but he failed to accomplish anything on account of his being not an Anfu member. In August 1919 General Wang was appointed Chief Northern Delegate. But owing to the opposition of the people against him, the Conference was unable to go ahead and eventually came to a deadlock. In May 1919 he was jgiven the Second Order of Merit. In August 1920, after the downfall of the lAnfu Faction he was disfmissed from the delegation and also ordered to be apprehended. Since that time until 1924 he was in Japan studying political and military science, although the Mandate ordering his arrest and depriving his honors was cancelled in February 1923. In 1923 he rendered into Chinese the Kaiser's Memoirs. This translation was published by the Commercial Press, Shanghai, in March 1924.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
811
General Wang Ju-ch'in
General Wang Ju-ch'in was born at Mi-yun Hsien, Chihii province, in 1897. He received his military education first in a military academy in North China. In 1904 he was sent to Japan among the third group of; Chinese military students to study in the Japanese Army Cadets' Academy. The course he took was artillery. Upon his graduation from the Cadets' Academy, General Wang returned to China and joined the Peiyang Army first as an instructor and later as a staflf office. In November 1922 General Wang was made a Major-General and a month later he was promoted to be a Lieutenant-General. Then he was Chief Staff Officer to th3 Military Governor of Honan. In 1914 General Wang was appointed Commander of the 15th Brigade of the 8th Division of the National Army. He was sub- sequently awarded the Second Class Wen-hu Decoration. In 1919 General
812 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Wang was promoted Commander-in-Chief of the 8th Division which posi- tion he is still holding. In June 1921 General Wang received the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho. In November 1921 he was made a Chiangchun with "Ch'in-Wei" as special title. In February 1922 General Wang was appointed Garrison Commissioner of Chin Chow, Hupei Province. In August 1922 he was awarded the First Class Wenhu Qecoration. In July 1923 General Wang was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Garrison of the Upper Yangtze which position he is still holding.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
813
Mr. Wang K'e-ming
814 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Wang K'e-ming was born at Hangchovv, Chekiang Province, in 1879, and wa*? a provincial graduate in the Ching Dynasty. In 1900 Mr. Wang was appointed by the authorities of the Province of Chekiang, director of the students sent by that province to study in Japan and in 1901 he became director of the Chinese students studying in Japan. In 1902 he was appointed councillor to the Chinese Legation in Tokyo, which position he retained until 1907 when he went tO' Peking and received an appoint- ments in the Board of Finance and also the Board of Foreign Affairs. Subsequently Mr. Wang became secretary to General Chao Erh-hsun who was then Viceroy of Szechuan. In 1908 he joined the Secretariat of Viceroy Yang Shih-hsiang of Chihli and he was in charge of the foreign affairs section. In 1910 he was appointed Acting Commissioner of Foreign Affairs of Chihli and in June 1911 this position w^s substantiated to him. During the First Revolution in 1911-12 he assisted in maintaining order and peace for the port of Tientsin. He resigned from the post of Com- missioner of Foreign Affairs in the spring of 1913, to take a trip- to Europe and particularly in France. Upon his return to Tientsin in October 1913 he accepted the post of managing-director of the Banque Industrielle de China. In July 1917 Mr. Wang was elected by the shareholders and appointed by the government, President of the Bank of China. In Novem- ber 1917 he was appointed Minister of Finance holding concurrently the posts of President of the Bank of China and the Diractor General of the Salt Administration. In March 1918 Mr. Wang resigned from all of these posts and went into retirement although he accepted occasional special commissions from the government. In December 1918 he was appointed a Member of the Northern Delegation to the Internal Peace Conference held in Shanghai. In Junj 1922 Mr. Wang was again elected President of the Bank of China. In January 1923 he was made a Member of the Commission on the Educational Fund. In July 1923 he was appoint- ed Acting Minister of Finance which position he did not accept and was officially relieved from it in August 1923. In October 1923 be resigned from the post of President of the Bank of China and in November 1923 acted temporarily as Minister of Finance. In January 1924 Mr. Wang was appointed Minister of Finance in the Sun Pao-chi Cabinet. This position he is still holding. Mr. Wang has been awarded First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and First Class Wenfu, is also the recipient of many foreign decorations.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
815
Colonel Wang Ken
(Wang Keng)
Colonel Wang Ken was born at Wu-hai Hsien, Kangsu province, in 1895. He was graduated from the Anting High School in 1910. In 1911, by competitive examinations he was admitted to the Tsinghua College, Peking, which sent him to study in the United States in the summer of 1911. Upon his arrival in the United States, he entered the University of Michigan. In his sacond year of stay in America, he studied at" Columbia University, and in his third and fourth year studied at Prince-
816 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
ton University and received his B. Litt. in 1915. In the summer of the same year, he joined W^estpoint as a Chinese government student, where he was graduated in 1918. Colonel Wang graduated from Princeton with honor, and at Westpoint his graduation standing ranked the 12th, although there were 140 students in his class, most of whom went to France to participate in the war. He was awarded "marks-man" for target shoot- ing and appointed cadet sergeant during his last years of stay at West- point. Two other Chinese were graduated from this national military academy of the United States of America before, but Colonel Wang was the first one to get appointment of cadet sergeant on account of his, high military efficiency. Owing to his excellent command of English he was chosen a member of the staff of the "Howitzer Board," a class annual. Colonel Wang returned to China in July 1918 and was at once appointed a member of the Ministry of War. At the beginning of 1919 he was sent to Europe as a member of the Chinese Peace Delegation. He returned to China in the winter of 1919 and was appointed by General M. K. Tinn to be a member of the Chinese Aeronautic Department, Peking. In September 1921 he again joined the Ministry of War. In April 1923 he was awarded the Fourth Class Chiaho. In October 1923 he was appointed as Assistant Commander of the Government Railways Garrison under Director-General Tang Tsai-li, the post being created as an aftermath of the Lincheng Out-
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
817
Mr. K. P. Wang
(Wang Kuo-chun)
Mr. Kouchun Penn Wang was born at Shanghai in 1894. He attended the Pootung Middle School, the Lung Men Normal School and the Shanghai High School. In 1912 he joined the Tsinghua College, Peking. After graduation in 1915 he went to America for educational work and entered Princeton University and finished Litt. B. course there in three years. He
818 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
specialized in political economy, and graduated with honors from the Political Science Department. From 1918 to 1919, he took an M. A. course at Columbia University, New York, in history and journalism. While at New York, he made a special study of the big newspaper plants there. In the Spring of 1919, when the Peace Conference wa(s in session at Paris, Mr. Wang was elected to attend as the general secretary of the Chinese' Patriotic Committee, a publicity organ organized through the combined effort of both Chinese students and merchants in New York. While serv- ing in that capacity, he issued many ^pamphlets on questions concerning China's interests at the Conference which were widely distributed in the United States. When Mr. Wang returned to China in 1919, he joined the Shanghai Journal of Commerce. On the following year, he joined the Shun Pao, as assistant manager. Toward the end of 1920, he joined the Peking Daily News, a Chinese owned English -language newspaper in Peking, as assistant editor. In Peking, he also served as the Peking correspondent for the Shun Pao of Shanghai. In 1921, Mr. Wang attended as delegate the World Press Congress, Honolulu, and from there went to Washington to attend the Disarmament Conference. In 1922 returned to China and was appointed by the Ministry of Communications to be Chief of the Division of Compilation and Translation, an office taking charge of all documents in foreign languages.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
819
Mr* Wang Nai-pin
i s ^ ^ -^ fflr
Mr. Wang Nai-pin was born at Hsin-ming Hsien, Fengtien province, in 1870. He was a Hsiu-tsai or Licentiate under the Ching Regime. He began his official career as a junior secretary in the Yamen of the Viceroy of the Three Eastern Provinces. The other positions he held under the Ching government were: Chief of Bureau for the Collection of Opium Tax; Director of the Native Customs at Sai-tsao-tai; Prefect of Chaoyang, Prefect of Cheng-teh Fu or Jehol; andTaotai of Jehol to which positions he was appointed in November 1911. After the First Revolution, Mr. Wang retired from public office and lived as a citizen for sometime. Marshal Chang Tso-lin, upon becoming Tuchun of Fengtien in 1916, appointed Mr. Wangfo take charge of the repatriation of bandits in Fengtien. Hiaving successfully completed the work, he was made a High Advisor to the Civil Governor of Fengtien. He was also advisor to Hsu Shih-chang as President of the Republic during 1918-1922. In May 1919 Mr. Wang was
820 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
awarded the Second Class Wenfu and in January 1920 the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho. In February 1920 he was appointed Co-Director-General of the Government Economic Investigation Bureau. In August 1920 he became acting Minister of Agriculture and Commerce and also President of the Food Commission. In October 1920 he was given the Fifth Order of Merit. From May 1921 to December 1921 he was Minister of Agricul- ture and Commerce. In January 1922 he was appointed Director General of the Chinese Eastern Rail-way. However, he did not proceed to this post, and was relieved by Dr. C. C. Wang in March 1922.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
821
Mr. Jack Ho
. aE 'jj *^
(Wang Shaohuan)
Mr. Jack Ho was born at Canton in 1899. His father, Mr. Ho Chu, had resided in the United States prior to his birth, having gone there when 13 years of age and worked up from a £rooery store clerk to part owner and manager of Soy Kee and Company in Mott Street, New York, one of the oldest and most important Chinese concerns in America, The elder Ho on returning to China put into practice the American chaan' store idea, becoming manager of fourteen retail establishments. Mr. Ho received his early education in Canton, going to the United States at the age of 14. Eventually, he attended and graduated from New York University. Though urged to return to China, young Mr. Ho wished to try his fortunes in the United States and found his opportunity in the purchase of Vantine's Oriental store in New York. Under Mr. Ho's management, Vantine's has been moved to 39th Street, a few steps, from Fifth Avenue, in the neigh- borhood of such renowned stores as Tiffany's and Altman's. Vantjne's today enjoys a wide reputation for the quality and exclusiveness of its lines of Chinese, Japanese, Philippine, Japanese and Indian goods.
822
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Wang Shoh-Han (Wang Shao-lien)
Mr. Wang Shoh-lian was born at Tientsin, in 1866. He was a Provincial graduate under the Ching regime, and was one of the earliest graduated of the Imperial Naval College, Tientsin. After his graduation, he was sent to England where he first studied in the navy and later devoted himself to law and politics. Upon his return from England he became a professor of the Tientsin Naval CJollege. Later he was transferred to become the Dean of the Wu-Ch'eng College of Peking. During Yuan Shih-kii's office as Viceroy of Chihli, he held the post of I>ean of the Peiyang Uni'versity, Tientsin. In 1908, Mr. Wang was appointed Chairman of the Governing
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 823
Board of the Chihii Educational Commission. Subsequently he became President of the Chihii Provincial Assembly. In 1909 Viceroy Yang Shih-hsiang of Chihii appointed him Special Deputy to investigate the Kai- ping mine issue. In June 1912, the two mining companies, the Lanchow Mining and the Kai-ping Mining, were amalgamated into the Kailan Mining Administration. Mr. Wang became a member of the Board of Directors of the Chinese component of this joint enterprise.. After the outbreak of the First Revolution in October 1911, the Chihii people or- ganized the so-called "Peace-Preservation Society" and elected Mr. Wang as its first president. This Society under the direction of Mr. Wang rendered valuable service in maintaining the local order in Tientsin during the revolution. Upon the establishment of the Republican government in 1912, the society was dissolved. Then Mr. Wang devoted himself to educational activities exclusively, still holding his post 'in the Peiyang University. In March 1914 Yuan Shih-kai called a special conference to revise the Provisional Constitution. Mr. W^ang was a member of this assembly representing Chihii. In April 1915 he was appointed a member of Yuan Shih-kai's State Council. Subsequently he became President of the Peiyang University. In 1916 he left the University to assume the post of assistant general manager of the Kailan Mining Administration, still serving as a member of the Board of Directors of the Chinese com- ponent.
OB
824
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Marshal Wang Shih-chen
5 -t- ^ ^ Jii ^i
Marshal Wang Shih-chen was born at Cheng-ting, Chihli province, in 1864. He graduated from the Peiyang Military School, Tientsin, which was founded in 1885 and was in the same class with Marshal Tuan Ohi-jui.' After graduation Marshal Wang rose in the Imperial Army through various ranks. He was a veteran soldier of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95. In 1895, after the close of the war, Yuan Shih-kai was appointed Director- General to train modern troops. Marshal Wang was one of Yuan Shih- kai's three lieutenants engaged in the military training at Hsiao Chan, the other two being the late President Feng Kuo-chang and Marshal Tuan Chi- jui. Marsha) Wang was then Commander of the Engineering Corps. In 1899 when Yuan Shih-kai became Viceroy of Shantung, Marshal Wang followed him accepting the post of Director of the Stalls Department., In 1902 Yuan Shih-kai became Viceroy of Chihli. In 1903 the Imperial
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 825
government began to train twenty divisions of modern troops. A special organization was formed to direct the training. It was composed of one Director- General, one Assistant Director-General, one Proctor, and under them three departments and thirteen sections. Yuan Shih-kai was the assistant director-general; Hsu Shih-chang, the Proctor; and Marshal Wang, the Chief of the Military Education Department. From 1908-1910 Marshal Wang was Kiang-pei Ti Tu or Provincial Commander-in-Chief of the Garrison of Northern Kiangsu, After that he was called to Peking and appointed Junior Vice-President of the Board of War. The First Revolu- tion having broken out in October 1911, the Manchu government appointed Yuan Shih-kai Prime Minster in November. Marshal Wang was given the posts of Minister of War and Viceroy of Hunan-Hupei and Kuangtuiig- Kuangsi. Upon the establishment of the Republic, Marshal Wang retired to private life. At the repeated request of President Yuan Shih-kai, Marshal Wang returned to political life again in May 1915 when he was appointed Reeident-Director of the Office of Generalissimo. In June 1915 Marshal Wang was appointed Acting Minister of War to succeed Marshal Tuan who became Chief of General Staff. In August 1915 the acting post was substantiated to Marshal Wang. In April 1916 Marshal Tuan became Prime Minister and concurrently Minister of War, thus relieving Marshal Wang of the portfolio of war to became Chief of General Staff. Marshal Wang was appointed Minister of War a week before the outbreak of Chang Hsun's Manchu Restoration in July 1917. With Marshal Tuan becoming Prime Minister after the overthrow of the restoration, Marshal Wang returned to the Office of Genera! Staff. Marshal Wang became Minister of War again on November 19, 1917 to succeed Marshal Tuan. On November 22, Tuan resigned from the Prime Ministership; Mr. Wang Ta-hsueh succeeded Tuan; and Marshal Wang succeeded the latter as Acting Prime Minister and concurrently Minister of War, resigning as Chief Staff Officer. Mar- shal Wang resigned from the Prime Ministership in February 1918, retiring to private life. In January 1920 Marshal Wang was awarded the First Order of Merit. In December 1920 he was appointed High Inspect- ing Commissioner of Kiangsu, Anhui and Kiangsi, but he did not accept. In January 1922 Marshal Wang was made a Shan Chiang-chun (Marshal) with "Te-Wei" as his special title. He was also appointed President of the Chiang Chun Fu or College of Marshals, Peking, which position he is still holding. In October 1922 he received the First Class Wenhu Decora- tion.
826
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. S. C. Wang
(Wang Shih-cheng)
Mr, S. C. Wang was born at Ming-hou Hsien, Fukien province, in 1873. In his young days he attended the regular Confucian school and studied in the Nanyang College in a Special Class of faculty students in 1901. He became a Metropolitan graduate in 1920 and then was admitted to tho Hanlin Academy. After having made the necessary preparations at that Academy, he went to England in 1904-. He studied Law at Lincoln's Inn and was admitted as a Barrister-at-Law. In 1907 he returned to China. Then he began his oflScial career. Under the Ching Regime he was legal advisor to the Board of Communications and the Board of Navy. He was concurrently a member of the Board of Education and a compiler of the Law Bureau in the Cabinet. After the establishment of the Republic in 1912, Mr. Wang became Secretary to President Yuan Shih-kai. In that
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 827
capacity he was the author of many of the regislative papers promulgated by Yuan Shih-kai. In March 1914 he was appointed to be concurrently a member of the Conference called by Yuin Shih-kai purposely to revise the Provisional Constitution. In May 1914 Yuan created his Advisory Council and Mr. Wang became a member of it. In 1915 he had to leave Yuan's secretariat because he was unwilling to support Yuan's monarchical movement. However, with great reluctance, he translated Dr. Goodnow's famous article advocating a limited monarchy for China qualifications. For sometime Mr. Wang lived in retirement and devoted his leisure time to writing on current topics for the press. During 1917-18 he was editor of the Kung Yen Pao, the best known daily paper at Peking at that time. He was also managing editor of the Peking Daily News, an English daily paper. In August 1918 he became a Senator of the New Parliament, created by the Anfu Ministry. At the same time he was advisor to the Cabinet ancl the Ministry of Communications. After the dissolution of the New Parliament in 1920, he lived in a quiet life until the spring of 1922 when he organized the Sheng Pao (Star) with several friends in Peking with himself as editor-in-chief. His literary style as displayed in the editorials of this paper is highly admired by his contemporaries and the informxation his paper contains every day is always first hand.
^
828
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Wang Ta-hsieh
m^m 't' t6 ^
Mr. Wang Ta-hsieh was born at Hangchow, Chekiang province, in 1858. He is a Chinese scholar of great literary attainment, becoming a Provincial Graduate in 1889. He beg'an his official career as a Junior Secretary of the Board of Foreign Affairs, or Tsung-li Yamen. Afterwards he became a Senior Secretary of the Board of Revenue. In 1902 he was appointed Director of Chinese Educational Commission in Japan. In September 1903 he was recalled to Peking and given the "post of Councillor of the Foreign Office. In 1904 Mr. Wang became director of Chinese Educational Com- mission in Europe and after staying there for one year, returned to Peking to resume his connection with the Foreign Office. In September 1905 he was appointed Chinese Minister to Great Britain. In 1906 he was recalled
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 829
and appointed Junior Vice-President of the Board of Foreign Affairs. In September 1907 he was appointed Special Envoy to Great Britain to study constitutional government. Upon his return in August 1918 he was ap- pointed High Commissioner of the Imperial Granaries. Early in 1910 he became Senior Vice-President of the Board of Communications. In May 1910 he was appointed Chinese Minister to Japan. During the period in which China was under a provisional government, Mr. Wang was China's official representative in Tokyo. He returned to China in 1913. In Sep- tember 1913 he was appointed Minister of Education which position he resigned in February 1914„ In March 1913 he became Chief Justice of the Administrative Court. In May 1914 he was transferred to be Vice- President of the State Advisory Council created by Yuan Shih-kai who had dissolved the First Parliament in January that year. In June 1916, following the death of Yuan Shih-kai, he became Minister of Communica-^ tions under Tuan Chi-jui's Cabinet. But this post he only held for one month. In February 1917 Mr. Wang was appointed Special Envoy for the presentation of the Grand Decoration to the Emperor of Japan. In June
1917 he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs in which capacity he acted as Prime Minister from December 22, 1917 when Tuan Chi-jui re- signed until the end of that month when he also resigned. In December
1918 he was appointed President of the Diplomatic Commission to prepare China's case for the Peace Conference. In January 1920 he was conferred the Third Order of Merit. In the autumn of 1920 he was appointed Pre- sident of the Chinese Red Cross Soc'ety and also one of the two chairman of the Famine Relief Association for the northern five provinces, the other chairman being Hsiung Hsi-ling. In April 192|2 Mr. Wang was appointed Vice-President of the Commission for the settlement of diplomatic affairs in consequence of the decisions reached in the Washington Con- ference. In June 1922 he became again the Chief of the Administrative Court and concurrently Chief of the High Civil Service Court. In August he was again appointed President of the Chinese Red Cross Society. In October he was awarded the Second Order of Merit. On November 29, 1922. at the request of President Li Yuan-hung, he accepted the premier- ship of a Provisional Cabinet, holding concurrently the portfolio of Finance. Ten days later he was relieved of 'these posts and appointed again the Chief Justice of the Administration Court. In January 1923 he received an additional post as Member of the Educational Sinking Funds Commission.
•830
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Wang T'an
£ a ^^ H il&
General Wang T'an was born at Mukden, Fengtien province, in 1886. He was graduated from the Japanese Military Cadet's Academy. Upon his return to Ohina after graduation, General Wang was appointed a Company Commander of the Third Artillery Battalion of the Third Division of the Imperial Army. In the autumn of 1911, General Wang was promot- ed to be Third Class Staff Officer of the Fifth Mixed Regiment. In 1912, the First Year of the Republic, he was transferred to be Commander of the Third Battalion of the Fifth Mixed Regiment. In July 1912 he was promoted to be Chief Staff Officer of the Fifth Mixed Brigade and was made
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 831
a Lieutenant-Colonel. In May 1913 General Wang was -appointed Chief Staff Officer of the Garrison Forces of the €harhar District and was made a Colonel with the brevet rank of Maior-Gen^eral. In May 1914 the 10th Division was organized and General Wang was appointed a Commander of the Artillery Regiment. At the same time he was made a Major-General. General Wang in September 1918 became a Battalion Commander of the Training Regiment of the War Participation Army. In January 1919 he was promoted to be Commander of an Artillery Regiment of the Third Division of the sanie Army. In October 1920 General Wang was transfer- red to Kiriii to become Commander of the Second Infantry Regiment of Second Provincial Mixed Brigade of Kirin. In September 1921 General Wang was appointed a Councillor at large of the Ministry of. War, Peking. In Juno 1922 he became! a Councillor of the Ministry. In November 1922 he was awarded the Second .Class Wenhu Decoration. In December 1922 he was made a Lieutenant-General. In July 1923 General Wang was ap- pointed to act for Vice-Minister of War and was given the Second Class Chiaho Decoration. In August 1923 he received the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. In October 1923 he was appointed Acting Vice-Minister of War. In March 1924 General Wang was made a Chieng- chun with "Chi-Wei" as special title. In June 1924 he was appointed Vice-Minister of War, which position he is still holding.
^
^32
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Wang Tien-p'ei
Genera! Wang Tien-p'ei was born at Kishui, Kiangsi province in 1888, but he has lived in Tienchu, Kweichow, most of his life, so he considers himself to be a Kweichow man. He began school life in Tienchu attending the Higher Primary School from which he went to the Ministry Primary School in Kweiyang and afterwards to the Military Middle School in Wu- chang. After graduating at the Paoting (Chihli) Military Academy he was at Wuchang in 1911 at the time of the First Revolution and was for a time the commandant in charge of military operations in Hankow, Hanyang and Wuchang. He also commanded the forts at Feng Hwang Shan. In 1912 General Wang was appointed Chief of the Secret Service in the cities of Kuchow and Liping, Kweichow, for the purpose of exterminating
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 833
brigands. It was not till 1914, however, that his real career began. The Central Army headquarters gave him a commission in the Kweichow Army where he first served as a candidate in the First Regiment, afterwards he rose by degrees in his re^ment till he becam'e a Major after the fighting in Western Kiangsi in 1915. In 1917 he was given charge of the Model Battalion in the Kweichow Army; and for his zeal in fighting for the Con- stitution he was made Colonel of the Second Regiment in 1918. For the next two or three years he was fighting in several places in Szechwan and Kweichow and was raised to the rank of Brigadier in 1921, while engaged in Kwangsi. In 1922 he returned to Kweichow and was given the command of the First Kweichow Division, which command he still holds. In 1923 he was given the additional rank of Commandant (under Yuan Tzu-ming,) for the relief of Szechwan and pacification of Kweichow.
e^
834
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Wang T'ing-chen
General Wang T'ing-chen was born at Tientsin, Chihli province, in 1876. He joined the Peiyang Naval School through competitive examina- tions; and subsequently became student draftsman in the Peiyang Arsenal. Later ho was admitted to the Peiyang Military School. In 1898 an order was issued by Yu Lu, Viceroy of Chihli, enjoining that three senior students be selected by public examination from among various Peiyang schools and sent to study in military schools in, Japan^ Ganeral Wang Ting-cheng successfully passed the examinations in which more than four hundred students participated. In April of 1899, General Wang sailed for Japan and entered a Japanese school for preparation. Later he joined a Japanese battalion, and was admitted to the Military Cadets* Academy in
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 835
October 1901 and being one of the First Group of Chinese Students sent to that academy. Upon his graduation in 1903 he re-joined the battalion in order to get practical training, and was awarded by the Japanese govern- ment the rank of sub-lieutenant. The late President Yuan Shih^-kai gave him an appointment as instructor in the training battalion. While serving as instructor, General Wang Ting-cheng devoted part of his time to the translation of books on military science from foreign languages into Chinese. Yuan Shih-kai admired his work and General Wang received rapid promotions. In a period of less than ten years. General Wang became a division commander. In 1911 he was sent by decree to witness the manoeuvres and study military affairs in France. In the fall he return- ed to China, when the first revolution was on. His position at that time was that of the assistant commander of the Palace Guards wh'ich were composed of Manchu and 'Manchu nobles. In the first year of the Republic, 1912, General Wang was given the position of Lieutenant General of the Mixed White Banner of Mongolia. In July 1913 he was transferred to be Acting Defence Commissioner of Tientsin and given the rank of Lieutenant General, when the late President Feng Kuo-chang was Tutuh or Military Governor of Chihli. In August 1913 he accompanied Feng Kuo-chang to the South for the suppression of the second revolution. Upon the restora- tion of peace he was appointed Defence Commissioner of Nanking,' Concurrently he acted as commander of the troops stationed 'as the strategic points in the Yangtse. In December 1914 he was given the Fifth. Order of Merit. In 1916 he commanded: the Sixteenth Army Division at Nanking and Pukow which formerly was the Imperial Guards. In December 1916 he was given the Fourth Order of Merit. In December 1917 he was appointed Deputy High Inspecting Commissioner of the Yangtze Garrison. In the winter of 1916 he was made a Changchun with "Cheng-Wei" as special title. At the same time President Hsu Shih-chang awarded him the Second Class Wenfu and the First Class Tashou Chiaho and also the brevet rank of Full General. In June 1919 he was awarded the First Class Wenfu. In December 1919 General Wang was appointed Tutung of Charhar Special District. In (January 1920 he was awarded the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In February 1920 he was ordered to hold concurrently the command of the 16th Army Divi- sion. In September 1920 he was relieved of the Tutung post. And since then he was High Military Advisor to the President. In October 1922 he was awarded the Third Order of Merit. In November 1922 he was appointed Tutung of the Chinese Units of the Bordered Yellow Banner Division of the Manchu Banner Forces, which position he is still holding. In January 1923 he was commissioned to be a member of the Mongolian Front Defence Commission.
836
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Wang Wen-pao
Mr. Wang Wen-pao was born at Changsha, Hunan province, in 1879. After having received middle school education in China, he went to Japan in 1902 to study police administration. In Japan Mr. Wang at first attended a police school and later he spent one and a half years in the Tokyo Police Headquarters where he received practical training. In 1905 Mr. Wang returned to China and at once became Senior Councillor of the Police Administration of Hunan province and at the same time a teacher in the Police School. In 1906 Mr. Wang was transferred to Peking. There he held at different times the following posts in the Metropolitan Police Department: Junior Police Oificer; Junior Secretary of the Outer City
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 837
Police; Chief of the Public Works Bureau; Senior Secretary of the Outer City Police; Proctor of the Plague Prevention Office; Chief of the Ad- ministrative Bureau; and Chief of the Sanitary Bureau. In 1912, the First Year of the Republic, Mr. Wang was transferred to the Ministry of the Interior becoming a Sectional Chief in the Department of Police Ad- ministration. In 1913 he became a Councillor to the Opium Prohibition Office and also Chief of the Tax Collection Section in the Metropolitan Municipal Office under the Ministry of the Interior. In 1914 Mr. Wang was transferred t o the Ministry of Justice becoming Director in charge of the Department of Prisons. He has been responsible for the introduction of modern prisons to replace the old style jails. This replacement which was commenced in Peking first has been extended to the important centers throughout the country. In January 1919 Mr. Wang was awarded the Second Class Chiaho Decoration and in January 1900 the Third class Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. In July 1920 Mr. Wang was President of the Commis- sion for the Examinat-on of Attending Officers for Local Courts and Prison. In October 1920 he was appointed a Member of the Commission on the Reorganization of the Russian Courts along the Chinese Eastern Railway. In March 1923 Mr. Wang received the Second Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration. He is still holding the post of Director of the Depart- ment of Prisons in the Ministry of Justice, Peking.
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838
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Homer W. W. Wong
(Wang Wen-wei)
Mr. Homer W. W. Wong was born at Chu-san Islands, Cheklang pro- vince, in 1881. He received his middle school education in a missionary school at Shanghai. The next place he went was the ''Tung Wen Kuan" or College of Languages at Shanghai from which institution he was graduated in 1901. From 1901 to 1908 Mr. Wong studied postal work in the American Postal Service. From 1908 to 1911 he was interpreter of the United States Consular Court at Shanghai and also interpreter to the Commissioner of Foreign Affairs at Shanghai. When the First Revolution
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 839
broke out in 1911, Mr. Wong- was made Director of Posts and Telegraph at Hangchp\v,Chekiang. Upon tiie establishment of the Provisional govern- ment in Nanking in January 1911, he was appointed a Secretary of the Board of Communications. After Yuan Shih-kai was elected Provisional President in Peking', a National Communications Conference was called and Mr. Wong was appointed as Delegate of the Chekiang province. In May 1912 Mr. Wong was appointed a Director of the Ministry of Communications in charge of the Postal Department. From that time on till 1917 he was also Advisor to the National Loan Bureau and Ministerial Secretary to the Directorate General of Posts. In 1917 Mr. Wong was appointed Deputy Director-Genera! of Posts of the Service and also became a Councillor of the Ministry of Finance. In February 1919 Mr. Wong was awarded the Second Class Chiaho Decoration; in April 1920, the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho; and in July 1921, the Second Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration. In; April 1922 Mr. Wong was appointed Member of the Commission for the Unification of Postal Service. At the end of 1922 he retired from political service and shortly afterward he joined Ho Kou Coal Mining Company, Peking. Since 1923 Mr. Wong has been the commercial manager of the Hankow office of the Liu Ho Kou Coal Mining Company.
^
840
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Wang Yu-chih
i ^ ^ ^ BS 9^
Mr. Wang Yu-chih was born at Tsining, Shantung province, in 1878. After having obtained the degree of Chu-Jen through Provincial Exam- inations, he entered official life. Mr. ^Vang has been Marshal Tsao Kun's Secretariat for the Military Survey College of the Three Eastern Provinces for several years first as a Secretary, then as Chief Secretary and finally promoted to the post of Proctor. In 1903 Marshal Tsao Kun was given the province of Fengtien to be his patrolling area. Mr. Wang was invited to join his secretariat. In 1912 Mr. Wang became Secretary of the Third Division of the National Army station in Peking. The latter part of 1915 when Yuan Shih-kai had launched his monarchical movement, Marshal Tsao was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Forces on the Uppar Yangtze engaged in taking precautious measures against the actions of the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA • 841
military leaders of the Upper Yangtze provinces. Mr. Wang was ap- pointed Secretary to this Mission. In September 1916, when Marshal Tsao was Tuchun of Chihli, Mr. Wang was appointed Secretary to the Tuchun's Office at Paoting holding concurrently a post of Councillorship. In July 1917 he received another appointment as Secretary of the Civil Governor of Chihli. In June 1918, Marshal Tsao .Kun was appointed Special High Commissioner of Szechuan, Kuangtung, Hunan .and Kiangsi. He appointed Mr. Wang the Chief Secretary of the Office of the High Com- missioner, located at Paoting. During the Chihli-Anfu War in summer of 1920, Mr. Wang rendered valuable service as Secretary to the Headquarters of the Chihli Troops engaged in the encounter. In August 1920, after the victory had been won by Chihli, Mr. Wang was awarded the Second Class Decoration. Subsequently Mr. Wang was appointed Assistant Director- General of the Currency Bureau, and concurrently Chief Secretary to the
^Jligh Military Commissioner of Chihli, Shantung and Honan to which Marshal
•v'Tsao Kun had just been appointed. In October 1920 Mr. Wanjg was
awarded the Fifth Order of Merit and in December 1920 the Second Class
Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. In February 1922 Mr. Wang was given the
• Second Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration and in July 1922 the Fourth Order of Merit. In August 1922 he was appointed Director General of the Wine and Tobacco Administration which position he is still holding. In January 1923 Mr. Wang was awarded the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decoration and in May the First Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration. In October 1923 Marshal Tsao Kun was elected President of China. He ap- pointed Mr. Wang the Chief Secretary of the President's office.
^
842
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Wang Yu-lan
Mr. Wang Yu-lan was born at Hsing-Kuo Hsien, Kiangsi province, in 1887. He was graduated in law from the Central University of Japan. Mr. Wang returned to China when the First Revolution had just broken out. At once he joined the revolutionary activities in the Yangtze Valley as he had been a member of the Tung Men Hui for many years. Mr. Wang represented Kiangsi province in the Union of Military Governments of Provinces, first at Wuchang and later at Nanking. This Union drafted the Organic Laws of the Provisional government which elected Dr. Sun Yat-sen as Provisional President. Mr. Wang was elected a Member of the Provisional National Assembly convoked at Nanking in January 1912. It was this assembly which elected Yuan Shih-kai to succeed Sun Yat-sen and
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 843
also drafted the Provisional Constitution. Mr. Wang, however, resigned shortly afterwards and returned to Kiangsi. In 1912 Mr. Wang was Director of Civil Affairs and also of Communications in Kiangsi Province. In the winter of the same year he W3s elected a Member of the Lower House of the First Parliament which was convoked in Peking in April 1913 and dissolved in January 1914. Owing to his participating in the Second Revolution of 1913 waged by Kuo Ming Tang leaders against Yuan Shih-kai, Mr. Wang had to take flight when the Revolution collapsed. He went to Europe to study political conditions in the different countries. In 1915 Mr. Wang went to the South Sea Islands. There, with other Kuo Ming Tang members he organized a group to devise ways and means to raise a .revolt against Yuan Shih-kai ; but shortly afterwards he was arrest- ed at Singapore by the local authorities because he was sending code cables to Yunau and Kueichow violating the martial laws which were in force owing to the World War. Early in 1916 the Singapore government re- leased Mr. Wang. At once he returned to China and accepted a councillor- ship in the military government at Shao-Ching, the headquarters of the Third Revolution led by the late General Tsai Ao against Yuan Shih-kai's monarchical attempt. At the same time he was Taoyin of the Lin-Nan Circuit, Kuangtung province. Mr. Wang went to Peking in August 1916 when the First Parliament was reconvoked. After the second dissolution of Parliament which occurred in June 1917, Mr. Wang accompanied other M.P.'s to Canton where an Extraordinary Parliament was convoked in August 1917. In 1919 Mr. Wang was Director-General of the Municipal Administration of Ytinnan province. In 1920 he was Chief of the Ad- rainistratiori Department of the Canton Military governments. The First. Parliament was for the second time reconvoked in Peking in August 1922. Mr. Wang took his seat in the Lower House. He remained in Peking until the summer of 1923 when he joined the Southern government again. Mr. Wang received the Second Class Tashou Chiaho in October 1922, the Second Class Wenhu in January 1923; and the First Class Wenfu in April 1923.
844
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Wang Yu-lin
Mr. Wang Yu-ling was born at Hangchow, Chekiang province, in 1879. He is a returned student from Japan where he studied Law in the Govern- ment Law College. After his return to China, Mr. Wang became a ti'ans- latoir in the Eupei Agricultural Bureau. After some time he went to Peking where he first acceptsd the post of compiler of the Commercial Gazette in the Board of Commerce. The other positions Mr. Wang held under the Ching regime were those cf Deputy-Judge of the Second Civil Department of the Supreme Court and Senior Compiler of the Law Codification Office. Mr. Wang was a Councillor of the Law Department of the Nanjci«g Pro- visional government. From August to September, 1912, he was Vice- Minister of Justice. Yuan Shih-kai having dissolved the First Parliament in January 1914 created a new advisory body called Tsan-cheng Yuan in
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 845
May 1914. Of this Advisory Body, Mr. Wang was appointed a Tsan Cheng or a Member. It was dissolved in June 1916 when its creator had died, and the First Parliament was reconvoked. After the second dissolution of the First Parliament in June 1917, the Peking giovernment creat:ed a Temporary Senate whose duty it was to revise the Parliamental Election and Organization Laws. Mr. Wang was the President of the Senate which was convoked in January 1918. Based upon the revised laws, a New Parliament was called which was convoked in August 1918 and of which Mr. Wang was a Senator. It was dismissed in August 1920 after the Chihli-Anfu War. Up to that time Mr. Wang had been the editor-in-chief of the Kung Yen Pao, the journalistic organ of the Anfu Party. Mr. Wang was one of the northern delegates to the internal peace conference held at Shanghai in February 1919. Since 1921 Mr. Wang has been a legal prac- titioner in Peking and also the President of the Chao Yang University, Peking, of which he was the founder.
^
846
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
i-)?Si^'
Mr. Wang Yung-chiang
Mr. Wang Yuang-chiang, was born at Ching Hsien, Fengtien province, in 1871. He received the title of Yu-kung in the imperial examinations of the Tsing Dynasty and was later appointed chief of police of Liaoyang, Fengtien. During the time of the Russo-Japanesa War, he did a great deal in keeping his district free from banditry and disorder incident to the war. At the time of the First Revolution, he was councillor to the Viceroy of the Three Eastern Provinces. He was appointed magistrate of the Tieh-ling Hsien in 1913 and later was promoted to be the Tao-yin of Tung-pien Section of the Fengtien province. In 1916 he was Director of Police Administration of Fengtien province and in the year following, was transferred to Mukden to be the Finance Commissioner of Fengtien. He reformed the provincial and did away with the corruptive systems in the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 847
province. Under Mr. Wang's administration, the province was cleared of all foreign indebtedness and is now paying the military and civil expenses of the province regularly. A considerable surplus was left over in the provincial exchequer last year after deducting all expenditures. After the Chihli-Fengtien War of 1922, Mr. Wang was appointed by General Chang Tso-lin as Acting Civil Governor of Fengtien and is actually in control of all civil affairs of the province. Mr. Wang is very energetic and his activities cover construction, fortifications, reconstruction of the province and advancement of education. He started the Northeastern University in Mukden of which he is the President. He also established a number of industrial and vocational schools in all parts of the province. Although Mr. Wang is a scholar of the old school, his ideas are modern and in his administration are to be found a large number of returned students from foreign countries. He is largely responsible for the construction of the Hulutao Commercial Port and the Mukden-Haichen Railway. Besides h!s interest in reconstruction he is also a poet and historian and has a pro- found knowledge of Chinese philosophy.
^
848
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. T. S. Wei
(Wei I)
Mr. T. S. Wei was born at Hangchow, Chekiang province, in 1880. He received his Chinese education at home, having belonged to a family of literati. His parents died in his childhood, and it was his guardian who sent him to St. John's College (now Universit.v). Shanghai, for foreign educa- tion after he had mastered the rudiments of Chinese learning. Mr. Wei was a good student, good in his conduct and good in his studies. He was a member of a famous class which graduated in 1903, some of the other members being Dr. Y. T. Tsur and Dr. Hawkling Yen. Mr, Wei, however, left the College shortly before his graduation. In 1900 Mr. Wei went to Peking in response to an invitation from Chang Pai-hsi, then President of the Board of Education, and was subsequently appointed a member of the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 849
Translation Bureau in the Board. Here he served for some time. As there was a high demand for teachers at that time and he discovered that he had been gifted with a tialent for teaching ,he accepted an appointment as teacher of English in the Normal College in Peking. From 1904 to the outbreak of the first revolution in 1911, he was engaged in teaching. He was professor in the Peking University, the College of Language, the College of Economics and the College of Laws. His students are now occupying prominent positions in every walk of life. Some of them have siRC-8 become high officials. Shortly before the 1911 revolution Mr. Wei was secretary to the Governor of the Ta Ching Bank (now the Bark of China). In 1913 he was appointed Advisor to the then Prime Minister, Hsiung Hsi-ling. Concurrently he served as Director of the Press Bureau, and the foreign and Chinese corresponaents in Peking received much genuine assistance from him in their collection of news. In 1914 he became secretary to the National Oil Administration of which Hsiung Hsi- ling was Director General. For three years he worked faithfully for the Administration and Mr. Hsiung. He was the last man to leave the Admin- istration. In 1917 Mr. Wei was appointed secretary of the Salt .Adminis- tration. Shortly before, he was offered the position of Salt Commissioner, but he declined it. In t'le same year he was transferred to the Directorate-Gen- eral of Flood Relief and Conservancy and rendered no small service in relieving the flood affected people of Chihli. In March 1918 he was appointed secretary of the Commission for the Improvement of the River System of Chihli, immediately after its formation. In the spring of 1919 he was given the additional office of chief of the Administrative Department of the Grand Canal Improvement Board. Mr. Wei although having never studied abroad, having not even left his own country, has a wonderful command of the English language and is well acquainted with the international situation and foreign customs and manner through his constant reading of foreign books. He is jokingly called the "Encyclopedia" by his associates. Many Western returned students envy him his profound Chinese learning. He is a distinguished collaborator of Ling Chin-nan, the famous Chinese scholar, in the translation of more than fifty English classic novels into the Chinese language including the Travels of Marco Polo, Tale of Two Cities, David Copperfield, Ivanhoe^ Talisman and Alhambra.
850
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Tyndall Wei
(Wei p'o)
Mr. Tyndall Wei was born at Soochow, Kiangsu province, in I880. He attended the University of Soochow at the time when that institution of learning, the handwork of Dr. D. L. Anderson, an American missionary venerated by his students and other acquaintances alike, was in its infancy. On leaving the University, he was engaged in teaching and promoting educational enterprises. In the years following the Boxer trouble, a big movement for educational reform was afoot in this country, especially in the province of Kiangsu, and he identified himself very prominently with tJiis movement. Prior to his coming to the North, he was engaged in
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 851
writing articles for several English papers. His journalistic ability at- tracted the attention of the properietor of the Peking Daily News, and he was subsequently engaged as assistant editor of that paper. For almost one year he worked in the office of the News and was successful as. a newspaper man. In 1914 Mr. Wei joined the Ministry of Finance. He was repeatedly promoted through sheer industry and his ability to handle the work. He was assigned to the Loan Department, where he practically attended to all foreign affairs of that department. When the Bureau of National Loans was established in August 1914 to float the Third Year National Loan, he was English Secretary to the Bureau, aside from work- ing in the Ministry. Upon the organization of the Plague Prevention Commission in the winter of 1918 he was appointed Treasurer to the Commission and in that capacity he handled the proceeds of a plague loan concluded with the Group Banks. In the summer of 1919 Mr. Wei ac- companied Mr.Hsu En-yuan, vice-president of the Commercial and Industrial Bank of China to America, in the capacity of secretary and returned after an absence of six months. During ins stay in America, he made himself acquainted with the conditions in that country. He was connected with that Bank for some time after his return to China. In January 1920 he was awarded the Third Class Chiaho and in September 1921 the Second Class Chiaho. In July 1922 he received an additional post as member of the National Financial Discussion Commission. In October 1922 he was awarded the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho. In September 1923 he was made a technical member of the Financial Reorganization Conmnission
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852
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Wen Chun
Mr. Wen Chun was born at Ping-IIsiang Hsien, Kiangsi province, in 1885. He first graduated from the Kiangsi High Normal College and then was sent by the Governor of Kiangsi to Japan to pursue higher education. In Japan Mr. Wen first situdied in the Preparatory Department of the; Waseda University and then took a Political Economy course in the Central University of Japan where he was graduated. After returning to China Mr. Wen passed the Returned Students Examination held by the Board of Education and was therefore, given the degree of Chu-Jen or M. A. Upon Kiangsi declaring independence in response to the First Revolution in 1911, Mr. Wen became Chief of the Foreign Affairs Section of the Military Government; of Kiangsi and also Secretary to the Tutu of Kiangsi. In January 1912 a Provisional National Council was called in Nanking. Mr. Wen was a Kiangsi Delegate to this Council which elected Yuan Shih-kai as Provisional President of China to succeed Sun Yat-sen and also drafted the Provisional Constitution, the Organic Law of the Republic. In July
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 853
1912, when General Li Lieh-chun became Tutuh of Kiangsi, Mr. Wen accepted the Legal Advisorship of the Office of Kiangsi Tutuh. In April 1913, the Provisional National Council which had been moved to Peking a year ago was dismissed and the First Parliament was convoked, Mr. Wen became a Member of the Lower House of the Parliament. Mr. Wen took an import- ant part in the Second Revolution which broke out in July 1913 planned by Kuo Ming Tang members led by General Li Lieh-chun. The military operations between southern generals and Yuan Shih-kai's troops only lasted for three months resulting in the collapse of the reviolutionary forces. In November 1913 Yuan Shih-kai proscribed the Kuo Ming Tang as a seditious party and ordered the arrest of its members in the Parlia- ment who were involved in the revolt against the President. Mr. Wen took flight to Japan where he remained until the spring of 1916. Upon return- ing to China, Mr. Wen at once joined the Yunnan Rsvolt agiainst Yuan. Shih-kai's monarchical attempt. Mr. Wen served both as Secretary of the Headquarters of the Republican Forces and as Director of the Diplomatic Affairs. In August 1916 tihe First Parliament was reconvoked in Peking. Mr. Wen took his seat in the House of Representatives. In the meanwhile he also accepted the advisorship to the Military Governors of Yunnan, Kuangsi and Chekiang. In November 1916 Mr. Wen was appointed Vice- Minister of Agriculture and Commerce. He was relieved of this post by Chiang Tien-to in July 1917, But before leaving this Ministry he was acting for the Minister for one month. While as a Vice-Minister, he was also Secretary to the President and Councillor to the President's Office. In 1919 Mr. Wen went to Kuangtung and joined the Military government. He was at first a High Political Advisor. Later he became Vice-Minister of Finance and for a time he was in charge of the Ministry of Finance.. In 19^ Mr. Wen was sent to Peking by the Military government on a mission to negotiate peace tarms With the northern ■ leaders, at that time the southern government being in the hands of the Kuangsi faction. No sooner than an understanding was about to be reached between the Kuangs'i factioji and the Peking government, the former suddenly lost its hold at Canton. Mr. Wen had to remain in the north and subsequently he accepted an advisorship in the Cabinet and also a councillorship in the President's Office, Peking. In 1921 Mr. Wen was appointed resident director of the Commission for the Study of Problems relating to the Unification of China. In July 1922 he was appointed Financial Commissioner of Kuangsi pro- vince. In October 1922 he was awarded the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. In March 1923 Mr. Wen received the Second Clas^ Wenhu Decoration. In April he was appointed vice-president of ,the Commission for the Consolidation of National Debts.
854
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
X
Mr. S. T. Wen
(Wen Shih.chen)
Mr. S. T. Wen was born at Tientsin, Chihli province, in 1878. He was graduated from the Peiyang Naval College in 1898. He served for four years in the Chinese Navy as a lieutenant. In 1902 he went to Honan accepting the post of translator to the Governor of Honan. During; his stay in Honan he also engaged himself in educational work. In 1902 he established the First High School and the Hig'h Normal Collegct at Kaifeng. In 190G he was transfer/cfi to Canton, becoming secretary for foreign affairs to the Viceroy of Kuangtung and Kuangsi. In 1907 he became secretary for foreign affairs to the Viceroy of Liangt-Kiaing (Kiangsu-Anhui-Kiangsi) which post he held for a considerable length of time. For sometimie he was concurrently superintendent-in-ciiief of the Kiangsu Railways. After the esta!>lishment of the Republic, Mr. Wen
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 855
was advisoi" in foreign affairs to the Tutuh of Chekiang. From April 1913 to October 1916 he was Commj^sioner for Foreign Affairs of Chekiang province. He was given the Third Class Chiaho in 1914. In May 1916 he was given an additional past as Higjh Diplomatic Advisor to the Military Governor of Kiangsi, General Li Shun. In August 1917 Li Shun became Tuchuu of Kiangsu. Mr. Wen accompanied him thither and was appointed Councillor and Advisor on Foreign Affairs. In January 1919 he was given the Fourth Class Wenfu, and in June 1920 the Third Clasj^ Wenfu. In October 1920 Mr. Wen was appointed Superintendent of Customs of Nanking. In November 1920 he became concurrently Com- missioner of Foreign Affairs in Nariking. He was a member of the Chinese Delegation to the Washingtan Conference in the winter of 1921-22. In March 1922 he was given the Second Class Tashou Chiaho and in July 1922 the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho. In March 1923 his name was recorded with the Cabinet Office as ambassador-in-waiting. In October 1923 he was awarded the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. In Sep- tember 1924, Marshal Chi Hsieh-yuah of Kiangsu began his campaign against Marshal Lu Yung-hslang of Chekiang province. Mr. Wen was appointed Commissioner cf Foreign Affairs and concurrently Superintend- ent of Customs of Shanghai, which position he held during the coursa of the fighting between Kiangsu anrl Chekiang provinces. However, upon the defeat of the Chihli Party in th-j fighting betwe-^n Wu Pei:-fu and' Chang Tso-lin, Mr. Wen wa3 relieved of his position, owing to -his affilia- tion with the Ch'.hli party.
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856
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Wen Shih-lin
Mr. Wen Shih-lin was born at Tientsin, Chihli Province, in 1871. He entered the Peiya'ng Naval Pilot School in 1886. Owinig to bodily weak- ness, he left the school before graduation. In the following years Mr. Wen devoted himself to educational and social works. In 1930 he founded one boy school and one girl school at Tientsin; two daily papers; one middle school for girls; vocational school; one girls' oratory club; one kinderglarten ; and sevenal lecture halls. Subsequently Mr. Wen organized the Chihli Self Government Discussion Inst.tution; Association for the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 857
study of Constitutional Form of Government; Industrial Union; Union for the Advocation of Opening of Parliament. Mr. Wen played an important part in the movement of urging the Ching government to adopt parlia- mental system. He was a Member of the Tientsin Chapter of the Movement and also Chihli Representative of the Peoples' Delegation to demand of the Peking government to convoke parliament. In 1910, when the people of the whole country for the fourth time sent a delegation to Peking asking for early convocation of parliament, Mr. Wen was among the delegates in the capacity of the President of the Students' Association of the whole country. In the winter 1910-1911, Mr. Wen sent a circular telegram to the students of the whole country calling a general strike as a protest against the Peking government refusing to effect immediate conjV<acation of parliament. He was at once arrested by the order of Viceroy of Chihli and was subsequently banished to Sinkiang Province. Mr. Wen arrived at Sinkiang in the summer of 1911. There he advocated the development of industry and organized Colonization Union. His action aroused the suspicion of the Sinkiang Provincial authorities who petitioned the Peking government to have him banished to Tibet. No sooner than Mr. Wen was about to be despatched to Tibet, the First Revolution broke out at Wuchang-October 1911. At once Mr. Wen got up a number of youn^ patriots and declared independence at the place of his banishment. But his 'efforts failed and he had a narrow flight from the hands of the author- ities. Mr. Wen escaping from Sinkiang returned to Tientsin by way of Siberia. Upon reaching Tients'n, he became Chief of the Department of Communications of the Tientsin-Peking- Paoting Section of the Tung Meng Hui, the Revolutionary Union. Mr. Wen was elected Member of the Lower House of the First Parliament which was convoked in April 1913 and dissolved by Yuan Shih-kai in January 1914. Before the dissolution the Kuo Ming! Tang was proscribed as a seditious party and' its members in the Parliament were ousted. Mr. Wen being ' a prominent member of this Party fled first to Shantung where his movements were closely watch- ed by the Provincial authorities and then to Shanghai. In the following two years, prior to the death of Yuan Shih-kai in June 1916, Mr. Wen took part, in the revolts against Yuan Shih-kai. Then he was in close association with Tang Shao-i, Ku Chung-hsiu and Sun Hung-i. The First Parliament was recohv'olced shortly after Yuan's death. Mr. Wen as a member of the Parliament and took interest in political parties. A party called the Ming Yu Hui was organized with Sun Yat-sen, Chang Tai-yen and Sun Hung-i as Executive Directors and he himself elected an Chief Administ- rative Member. In June 1917 the Parliament was for the second time dissolved. Mr. Wen who was considered a strong anti-government member had to take flight again. His efforts to 'influence the military leaders in the Lower Yangtze to raise opposition against the dominant faction in the north did not meet with success. Subsequently he went to Canton and joined the New government there which had just been established to uphold the Provisional Constitution. Both in the Chihli-Anfu War in 1920 and the Chihli-Fengtien War in 1922, Mr. Wen played part as advisor to the Chihli leaders. In Aug\ist 1^2 the First Parliament was reconvoked in Peking. Mr. Wen became a Member of the House again. He was given
858 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the Second Class Tashou Chiaho in October 1922 and the First Class Tashou Chiaho in January 1923. Mr. Wen is at present Leader of the Chuan Ming a political party most of who.se members are old members of the Tang Ming Hui and the Ming Yu Hui.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
859
Mr. Wen Tsung-yao
Mr. Wen Tsung-yao was born ia Kuangtung province, in 1876. He was graduated from the Men's College, Hongkong. Later he went to America, being one of the oldest Chiness students sent to the United States to study. Upon his return to China in 1903 he w^as appointed a delegate to the Anglo-Chine^se Convention for the revision of Commercial treaties. From 1903 to 1908 he was Secretary to the Viceroy of Liang-Kuan^, holding concurrently the post of Chief of Foreign Affairs Bureau, of Director of the Telephone Administration of Canton, and of Director of Military Cadets' Academy, Canton. In 1908 Mr. Wen was sent to India as Deputy Envoy to negotiate with the British government over the question of British trade in Tibet. Aftar the signing of the British-Tibetan Trade Treaty, he was appointed Deputy President at Lhasea, the capital of Tibet.
860 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
But subsequent to the flight of Dalai Lama to India, Mr. Wen who had been taking a strong attitude toward the intriguing parties was dismissed by the Peking government. In 1909 he joined the Viceroy of Liang-Kiang (Kiangsu-Anhui-Kiangsi) as hie Advisor on Foreign Affairs. Later he was appointed a Councillor of the Foreign Office in Peking. In the First Re- volution which broka out in October 1911, Mr. Wen played a conspicuous part. In December 1911, the military government of the various provinces jointly elected Dr. Wu Ting-fang and Mr. Wen the Minister and the Vice- Minister of Foregn Affairs for the Republican. Mr. Wen making his headquarters at Shanghai directed the issue of Republican manifestoes and was in charge of foreign publicity service. Subsequently Wu Ting- fang was appointed Chief Delegate of the Republican government to ne- gotiate peace terms with Tang Shao-i, the Northern Chief Delegate, Mr. Wen as one of the southern delegatas rendered Vialuable service in making the nogotiation a sucee^s. Following the establishment of the Provisional Republican government at Nanking in January 1912, Mr. Wen was appoint- ed Commissioner for Foreign Affairs and Director of Trade in Shangha^i. From these positions he resigned in April 1912. After then with General Tsen Ch'un-hsuan organized the political party called "Kuom'ing Kung Tang." Tsen and Wein were President and Vice-Presiden:t respectively. Fearing the growth of this party under the direction of Mr. Wen, President Yuan Shih-kai offered him the post of Chinese Resident in Tibet. But he declined to accept it. Mr. Wen was also involved with the Second Revolu- tion in the summer of 1913, becoming a political refuge later. In 1915 Yuan Shih-kxi launched h!s monarchical movement. In April that year the revolting forces in Kuangtung and Kuangsi under the leadership of Tsen Ch'un-hsuan established a Military government at Shao-ching, Kuangtung, as headquarters to direct operations against Yuan's forces. Mr. Wen was appointed by that government as its Deputy Diplomatic- Envoy with head- quarters at Shanghai. In 1917 he was appointed Associate Director of the Pukow Port Development Bureau and also Commissioner for Foi-eign Affairs, Nanking. In May 1918 a Military government was created at Canton by the southern leaders in open defiance of the Peking government. In the spring of 1920 a conflict occurred between Sun Yat-sen and Tsen Ch'un- hsuan, two of the seven directors of the Canton Ministry which resulted in the Sun's party being ousted. 'Mr. Wen was then elected a director in, place of one of the ousted. In June 1920 he was appointed Chief Southern Delegate to the Internal Peace Conference that had been held at Shanghai to succeed Tang Shao-i, another one of the ousted. Subsequently the Peking government relieved him of the Pukow Port post. In October 1920. when General Ch'en Chiung-ming, the Commander-in-Chief of the Cantonese forces, drove the Kuangsi Party under Tsen Ch'un-hsuan from Canton, Mr. Wen was compelled to flee to Shanghai where he has been liv- ing in retirement during the past few years.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
861
Dr. C. C. Wu
(Wu Ch'ao-shu)
Dr. C. C. Wu was born at Tientsin in 1886, his native city being Hsing- hui Hsien, Kuangtung province. He is the son of Dr. Wu Ting-fang, who became Chinese Minister at Washington in 1896. Dr. Wu went to America in 1897. He studied at Force School, Washington, D. C, 1897-1900; at Western High School, Washington D. C, 1900-2; Atlantic City High School, 1902-4; and was awarded Valedictorian Prize in 1904. In that year he returned to China. He was member of the Board of Works, 1905- 7 and member of the Board of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce, 1907. In 1908 Dr. Wu was sent to England to study. In 1911 he was graduated with the degree of LL.B. from the London University and was called to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn. He was holder of Inns of Court Students and London University scholarship. He returned to China soon after the First Revolution and was Chief of Foreign Affairs Department of Hupei pro- vince from May to September, 1912. He was elected member of the
862 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Lower House of the First Parliament which was convok3d at Peking in April 1913 and dissolved by Yuan Shih-kii in January 1914. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention, and also ssrved as Chairman of the Treaty Commission under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In politics, he is alw|ays a Kuomingtang member. In May 1914 Dr. Wu was appointed Councillor of the State Department when Hsu Shih-chang was Secretary of State. From May 1916 to July 1917 he was Councillor of the Cabinet Office. During 1915-16 he was also Councillor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.' After Chang Hsun's monarchical restoration in July 1917, Dr. Wu went to Canton where an opposition government was later formed. He tock a leading part in the southern movement for the preservation of the Pro- visional Constitution and the First Parliament. Since May 1918 he was Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs and also Chief of the Executive Depart- ment of the Administrative Council of the Military government, his father being then one of the Directars and Minister of Foreign Affairs. In the winter of 1918-19 Dr. Wu led the Southern China Delegation to the Paris Conference, assisting in the various commissions there on questions relating to China. In November 1921 the Peking government appointed him as one of Chinese Chief Delegate to the Washington Conference, but he did not accept. In February 1923 he was awarded the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. Dr. Wu is the author of the widely-read pam- phlets "The Appeal for Reorganization", "China's Position in Tibet", etc. He is a igtudent of international affairs.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
S63
Mr. Wu Chi-sun
864
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Wu Chi-sun was born at Ku-shih Hsien, Honan province, in 1876. His family has been well known for many generations through the literary attainments of some of its members and their occupatjon of important official positions. Mr. Wu himself is also a scholar. When his father was an official in Peking, he moved his home from Honan to Chihli and settled- at Paotingfu. This family and the family of the late President Hsu Shih- chang have been on the most intimate terms for alm'ost half a century. In 1905 when Hsu Shih-chang became President of the Board of Civil Ad- ministration, Mr. Wu was appointed a Second Class Secretary of the Board. In May 1907 he accompanied Hsu Shih-chang to Mukden when the latter had been appointed Viceroy of Manchuria. He became Viceroy's private secretary in charge of secret documents. This post he held until March 1909 when Hsu was transferred to Peking becoming President of Board of Communications. Hsu Shih-chang upon becoming concurrently Director- General of the Tientsin- Pukow Railway in August 1909 appointed Mr. Wu a councillor. After the establishment of the Republic in 1912, he retired together with his chief. In Ma'y 1914, Hsu Shih-chang was appointed Secretary of State when Yuan Shih-kai changed the cabinet system of government into presidential system. Mr. Wu was made Chief of the Administrative Department in the Cabinet Office. In May 1916 he was appointed Director of the .Government Printing and Engraving Bureau, of the Cabinet. Later he was made Chief of '-the Department of Important Documents in the Cabinet under Marshal Tuan Chi-jui. In October 1916 he was awarded the Second Class Chiaho. From September 1918 to May 1922 he was Chief Secretary to President Hsu Shih-chang. He was awarded the First Class Tashou Chiaho in December 1919; First Class Wenfu in January 1920; and the Second Class Tashou Packuang Chiaho in March 1922.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
865
Dr. John C. H. Wu
% m m
Dr. .John C. H. Wu, son of Mr.Wu Chia-chang, first chairman of Ningpo General Chamber of Commerce, was born at Ningpo, March, 28, 1899 and was early educated in Chinese under the direction and guidance of his father. After finishing his preliminary study at Yao Jeh Middle school in Ningpo, he came to Shanghai to join the Shanghai Baptist College where he remained for half a term. He spent the Spring term of 1917 in Pei- yang University, and in June of the same year, gra,duated from the, p-re- legal course of that Institution. In the fall term of 1917, he entered the Comparative Law School of China-Law Department of Soochow University where he satisfactorily completed his courses in 1920 and distingTiished
U6 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
himself by winning first honors of his class. Being very ambitious, Dr. Wu went to America in 1920 and took his post graduate course in the Michigan Law School where he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Juris- prudence in 1921. While there, he contributed an article to the Michigan Law Review on Ancient Chinese Law and legal ideas which were warmly recieved by the American readers. On the recommendation of Dean Bates, Professors Dickinson, Drake and Crane, he was appointed to a Fellowship in International Law offered by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. With this Fellowship, he went to Paris University, where he was admitted to the post-graduate in the School of Law and where he wrote a thesis on "La Methode du Droit des gens". For his distinguished work done in Paris and on the recommendation of Professor De Lapradelle, his Fellowship was renewed for another year and in 1922, he went to University of Berlin where he studied under that renowned Professor Dr. Stammler. While there, Dr. Wu wrote an article on The Juristic Philosophy of Mr. Justice Holmes, which was published in the Michigan Law review in the March of 1923. In 1923, Detan Pound of Harvard Law School made him Rejfeearch Fellow in Jurisprudence. While at Harvard, he contributed to the Illinois Law Review an article on "The Juristic Philosophy of Roscoe Pound"; he was requested also by Dean Wigmote and Professor KocQurek of the Northwestern University Law School to write an essay on "Stammler and his Critics" for publication in a forthcoming volume of the famous "Modern Legal Phylosophy Series." This is the first time that a jurist from the Orient ever contributed to that seriefe. In response to the call of his Alma Materi— the Comparative Law School of China, Dr. Wu Came back to China to join its faculty. He has been teaching Interna- tional Law, Roman Law, Jurisprudence and o^iher legal subjects. Con- currently, he holds the Professorship of philosophy in the National Institute Selfgovemment. Dr. Wu is engaged in the writing of a book on "Human Nature in Law" to be publisheed as a volulrae in th-e Harvard Studies in Jurisprudence.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
867
Mr. Wu Ching-lien
Mr. Wu Ching-lien was born at Hsing-ch'eng Hsien, Fengtien Province, in 1875. He was one of the first graduates of the Peking University- finishing the High Normal Course in 1907. Subsequently Mr. Wu went to Japan where he studied for one year. In 1919 he became chairman of the Fengtien Provincial Council and also Director of the High Normal College of t he same Province. Following the outbreak of the First Revolution in October 1911, a -National Council was convoked in Nanking. Mr. Wu was a member of that Council representing Fengtien Province. This Council during its session at Nanking from January 28, to April 4, 1912, enact-.
868 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
ed the Provisional Constitution. During its second session in Peking from April 29, to December 28, 1912, Mr. Wu was then President of the Council. The First Parliament was convoked in April 1913 and Mr. Wu by election became a member of the Lower House. Mr. Wu being a prominent member of the Ming Tang or the Peoples' Party became a political refuge after the dissolution of the First Parliament by Yuan Shih- kai. In August 1916 when the First Parliament was reconvoked Mr. Wu took his seat again in the Lower House. In May 1917 shortly before the second dissolution of the Parliament Mr. Wu was elected Speaker of the House to succeed Tang Hua-lung who had resigned. After the second dis- solution of the Parliament which occurred in June 1917, Mr. Wu went south. In August 1917 the Extraordinary Parliament was convoked at Canton with Mr. Wu a;s its President. In September 1917 the Pekiug government issued a circular ordering the arrest of Dr. Sun Yat-sen and Mr. Wu Ching-lien but they were never arrested. From that time on until 1922, Mr. Wu's activities were closely connected with the movements of the First Parliament, playing important parts in the struggle for constitutional rule against the mal-administration of the north. In 1922 the First Parliament was for the second time reconVoked in Peking. Mr. Wu was still the Speaker of the House. In that capacity he played the most serious part in effecting the enaction of the Permaneiit Constitution and also in the election of Marslial Tsao Kun to the Presidency. In December 1923 Mr. Wu being unable to effect his plan for overthrowing the Kao Ling-wei government and having lost his influence over the various leading parties deserted his seat in the Parliament and left for Tientsifn where he has been remaining ever since. Mr. Wu was given the First Order of Merit in October 1920 and the First Class Wenhu Decoration in January 1928.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
8^9
Mr. Wu Ting-sung
(Wu Cho-jan)
Mr. Wu Ting-sung was born at Feng-hua Hsien, Chekiang province, in 1877. He was educated at the Anglo-Chinese College, Shanghai. He taught in various schools at Ningpo and became headmaster in some of these in- stitutions. During the Manchu Regime he obtained the brevet rank of Taotai. He served as director of opium prohibition at Ningpo and was a member of the Directors' Board of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce at Shanghai. In 1911, Mr. Wu was elected by the Chambers of Commerce at Shanghai and Ningpo to be their representative on the Chinese Commercial Commission which toured the principal cities of the United States. In the same year he was made a director )of the China press, Shanghai. After
870 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
then he was Chinese sole-agent of the British Amercian TobactX) Company for quitei a number of years. After that he was connected with the Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Company for some time. Following the first revolution, Mr. Wu was appointed advisor to the Tutuh of Shanghai and treasurer of the board of directors of the Red Cross Society of China. He then visited the United States and Europe for the second time to in- vestigate the commercial and industrial situation. In 1913, Mr. Wu was appointed by the Ministry of Finance to be Special Commissioner for the Investigation of Tobacco Tariff. He was also appointed later as honorary advisor to the Cabinet, honorary member of the Commission for the investi- gation of financial conditions. Ministry of Finance, advisor to the Civil Governor of Shantung, director of the Shanghai Baptst College and director of the Shen Hsin Company of Pukow. In 1924 he joined the Souter Tobacco Company and has been busy with the opening of branch offices in the various business centers throughout China.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
871
General Wu Chun-sheng
General Wu Chun-sheng was born at Lieh-ch'eng Hsien, Shantung Province, in 1863. He started his military career as a mere soldier in Manchuria serving in the Imperial Army. The highest position General Wu held under the Ching Regime was the Commandant of Rear Defence of Fengtien Province. In that capacity he rendered valuable service in suppressing banditry in the Liao Hsi Area. In July 1914 General Wu was appointed Defence Commissioner of Tiao-Liao Area of the Fengtien Pro- vince. In October 1916 he was awarded the Second Order of Merit and also made a Lieutenant General. Subsequently he was appointed the
872 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Gommander-in-Chief of the 29th Division rf the National Army, In March 1921 General Wu was appointed Military Governor of Heilungkiang hold- ing concurrently the post of Civil Governor of the same province. In June 1921 General Wu was given the brevet rank of Full General and in July he was awarded the Second Glass Paokuang' Chiaho Decoration. After the Chihli-Fengtlen War in 1922, the Peking government appointed him the Acting Military Governor of Fengtien. But General Wu was still standing by Marshal Chang Ts'o-lin. Since then he has been the Vice- Commandant of the Manchurian Forces for the Preservation of Peace and Order in the Three Eastern Provinces holding concurrently the post of Military Director of Heilungkiang.
Jfi
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
873
Admiral Y L. Woo
(Wu Jen-H)
Admiral Y. L. Woo was born at He-fei Hsien, Anhui province. He graduated from the Peij^ang Naval College. In the Ching Dynasty Admiral Woo was Second Class Staff Officer of the Board of Navy ; Chief of Artillery Section, Department of Naval Operations, Board of Navy; director of Military Academy and director of Military Training School. After the establishment of the E,epublic Admiral Woo was appointed a director of the Ministry of Navy in charge of the Ordnance Department which position he is still holding. Admiral Woo's naval rank is Real- Admiral. He has been awarded by the Chinese government the Second Class Wenhu Decoration and the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho.
B74
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Wu Lien Teh
(Wu Lien.teh)
Dr. Wu Lien-teh was born of Cantonese parentage in 1879 and received his early education in the Straits Settlements. Later he was sent to England. He studied at Cambridge. He was then known asG. L. Tuck. From that University he obtained the degrees B. A., M. B., B. C,
WHO^S WHO IN CHINA 875
and M. D. He won a great reputation both as a student and an original investigator, and was awarded a long list of prizes and honors in general science, surgery, clinical medicine pathology and bacteriology. His old college gave him a travelling scholarship for two years to prosecute re- search work in Liverpool, Parlis, Germiany and the Alaalay States, as a result of which he contributed much scientific information to the literature of tetanus, beri-beri, aortic worms and malaria. He was engaged in private practise in Penang from 1907 to 1908, after which he joined the Chinese government service at the invitation of Yuan Shih-kai, and became Vitee- director of the Peiyang Army Medical College. Later he became its Director. The sudden outbreak of pneumonic plague in Manchuria in February 1911, gave Dr. Wu a fine opportunity to display his constructive gifts, and the success with which he accamplished that difficult aoid dangerous task won for him an international reputation. In April 1911 the Chinese government called an International Plague Conference to sit at Mukden, and Dr. Wu was elected chairman of that noted assembly of world scientists. Since that time, up to the present, he has been the Director and Chief Medical Officer of the Manchurian Plague Prevention Service. Dr. Wu also represented China at two Hague Opium Conferences (1912 and 1918), the International Congress of Medicine, and the Congress of School Hygiene, Buffalo (1914). The successful establishment of the Peking Central Hospital in 1918 was largely due to the unstinted efforts of Dr. Wu, supported by staunch friends like S. T. Sze, Chou Hsueh-hsi, Tsao Ju-lin, Liang Chi-chao and others. Dr. Wu also possesses the Hon- orary Degees of LL.D. (Hongkong), Litt. D. (Peking), and is a Fellow of the British Royal Institute of Public Health, Society of Tropical Medicine, and a member of other learned societies in Great Britain, China and Japan. The Chinese government awarded him the 3rd Class Paokuang Chiaho, May 1919; the 2nd Class Tashou Chiaho September 1920. the 2nd Qa^s Paokuang Chiaho, October 1921. He is at present at Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, Baltimore, M. D. Dr. Wu is the author of many books of Plague and other medical subjects.
876
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Marshal Wu Pei.fu
Marshal Wu P'ei-fu was born at Peng-Iai Hsien, Shantung province in 1873. He attended in his youth a regular Confucian school in his native district and became a Hsiu-Tsai (Licentiate) in 1893. He enrolled himself at the Peiyang Military Academy near Tientsin in 1898. The first militaiy man Marshal Wu served aft'*'r graduation was General Nieh Shih-cheng, Commander of one Wu Wei Chun Army Corp. Marshal Wu joined the Military School established by the Wu Wei Chun Headquarters. After graduation, Marshal Wu was unable to find a right master to serve and stayed in Shantung for sometime. In 1908 through the recommendation of General Chin Yun-peng, also his teacher, he was reoommended to Marshal Wang Shih-chen who had just been appoiuited Provincial Cotti- mander-in-Chief of Kiang-pei. Marshal Wu served as Aid-de-camp at the Kiang-pei Yamen until 1910 when Marshal Wang resigned on account
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 877
of mourning. He then recommended Marshal Wu to General Wu Lu-ching, the Commander-in-Chief of the Seventh Imperial Army Division. His position there was Second Class Aid-de-camp. In 1912, the First Year of the Republic, Marshal Wu joined the Third Division, whose Commander-in Chief was Marshal Ts'ao Kun. At the time when Yuan Shih-kai launched his monarchical movement, Marshal Wu was a Regiment Commander of the Third Division. After the outbreak of the Yunnan Revolt (December 1915) Marshal Ts'ao was ordered by Yuan Shih-kai to proceed with the Third Division to the south to suppress the Revolt. Marshal Wu was then promoted to be Commander of the Sixth Brigade of the Third Division and also made a Major General. He was in Szechuan and Hunnan for sometime, until after the death of Yuan Shih-kai when the Third DiVision was recalled to the North. In September 1916 Marshal Ts'ao Kun became Tuchun of Chihli. Subsequently Marshal Wu was ordered to act as Commander-in- Chief of the Third Division. He commanded the Western Flank in the fight against Chang Hsun in the summer of 1917 when the latter attempted to restore the old monarchy. On that account he was later given the brevet rank of Lieutenant General. After the overthrow of the Restorja- tion. Marshal Tuan became Prime Minister again. But the southern milit- ary leaders who had mobilized to oust Chang Hsun distrusted Marshal Tuan. In the autumn of 1917 the Opposition giovernment was formed at Canton in open defiance of Peking. In December 1919 Marshal Wu was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Third Division. In February 1918 the Chihli troops under the direct command of Marshal Wu Pei-fu and General Feng Yu-hsiang entered Hupei and Hunan. April 1918 Marshal Wu recaptured the city of Changsha. In June 1918 Marshal Wu was made a Chiang-chun with "Fu-Wei" as special title. In the same month Marshal Ts'ao was appointed Military Commissioner of Szechuan-Kuangtung-Hunan- Kiangsi; and General Chang Hui-chih and Marshal Wu, the Commander and Assistant Commander of the forces to relieve Kuangtung, respectively. By these appointments, the Chihli troops were detained in Southern Hunan. In August 1918 Marshal Wu sent a circxilar telegram advocating peace and the withdrawal of troops by both sides. This started the peace movement which resulted in the calling of the Peace Conference in February 1919. In September 1920 Marshal Wu was appointed Deputy High Inspecting Commissioner of Chihli, Shantung and Honan, assisting Marshal Ts'ao. In October 1920 he was given the brevet rank of Full General and also awarded the Second Order of Merit. In August 1921 he became concurrently The High Inspecting Com- missioner of Hunan and Hupei and also awarded the First Order of Merit. In October 1921 he received the First Class Wenfu. In the meantime the Chihli influence extended over many provinces. Marshal Ts'ao took Marshal Wu into strong confidence. In consequence of that, the hatred of the discontended factions and the Fengtien Warlord gradually centered on Marshal Wu who was becoming more outspoken and more serious with the political issues. During 1921 when the feeling between Wu Pei-fu and the opposition parties was becoming worse every day. Marshal Tsao tried his best to remove the misunderstanding as indicated by the fact that he held altogether four conferences with the leaders of the other factions, in April, May, November and December respectively. The last
878 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
one was held at the time of Chang Tsd-lin's visit in Peking. The sole purpose of Chang's visit was to adjust matters to his own satisfaction and the result of it was the installation of the Liang Shih-i's Cabinet. General Wu Pei-fu was much against this new Cabinet. On June 12, 1922 Mar- shal Wu was appointed Minister of War but he did not assume this post and was officially relieved of it in August 1922. In October 1922 he was given the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and made a Full General. In January 1923 he was made a Shan Chiangchun (Marshal) with *'Fu- Wei" as special title. In October 1923 the Parliament elected Marshal Ts'ao Kun President of China to succeed Li Yuan-hung. In November 1923 Marshal Wu was appointed High Inspecting Commissioner of Chihli- Shantung-Honan, still retaining the commandership of the Third Division. In January 1924 he received an additional post as Director-General of the Motor Traffic Highway Construction of Chihli, Shantung and Honan. In September 1924 when civil war broke out between the Chihli and Anfu- Fengtien factions, Marshal W^u was appointed Commander-in-Chief of National Expeditionary forces and assumed personal charge of fighting in vicinity of the Great Wall. Owing to the deflection of the Christian Gen- eral Feng Yu-hsiang, Marshal Wu was forced to retire to Tientsin where he attempted to make a stand against forces of the Christian General but was unsuccessful. Accompanied by a small detachment of his troops he embarked on a number of Chitiese Naval vessels and proceeded to Hankow, where he has since had his headquarters in Hwangchow.
<je
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
879
Mr. Chen-chai P. Woo
(Wu P'ei-huang)
Mr. Chen-chai P. Woo was born at Wu-Hsing Hsien. Chekiang. In 1887. He was graduated from the Kiangsu Telegraph College. Upon leaving college, Mr. Woo joined the Chinese telegraphic service where he remained for a few yeans. After that he went to Changsha and became Professor in English at the Hunan Provincial High College. Subsequently Mr. Woo joined the Changsha Maritime Customs as a translator. From Changsha he was transferred to the Shanghai Customs where he remained until 1911. After the outbreak of the First Revolution in October 1911, the late General Ch'en Chi-mei became Tutuh of Shanghai and appointed Mr. Woo to the post of the Director of the Shanghai Tetegraph Adminis- tration. After the Second Revolution in 1913, Mr. Woo entered business,
880 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
establishing a large electrical supply company with himself as general manager. A few years later Mr. Woo became Councillor to the Kiangsu Telegraph Administratiion ; Director of the Nanking Telegraph Office; Advisor to the Tutuh of Kiangfsu; Advisor to the Tuchun of Chekiang; and Inspector of the Ministry of Communications. For a time Mr. Woo was with the Canton Military government holding at different times the posts of Department Chief of the Ministry of Foreig'n Affairs, Vice-Minister of Communications and Co-Director of the Enemy Subjects Repatriation Bureau and also of the Bureau for the Custody of Enemy Properjjies. In 1922 Mr. Woo went to Peking. He was first appointed Director of the Peking Telegraph Administration but he did not take up this office. In July 1922 Mr. Woo was appointed Acting Director of the Ministry of Com- munications, in charge of Department of Telephone, holding concurrently the poBts of Director General of Telegraph and Telephone Administration, President of the Commission for the study of Telegraphic Accounts System, and executive member of the Committee for the discussion of Communic- ations relative to the redemption of Shantung. In September 1922 Mr. Woo was appointed to hold concurrently the post of acting Chief Secretary of the Cabinet. In the same month, he was given another concurrent post as superintendent of the Commission for the Compilation of the History of Communications. He received the Second Class Tashou Chiaho Decora- tion. In October 1922 Mr. Woo was relieved of the post of Chief Secretary of the Cabinet. In November 1922 his acting post of Director of the Ministry of Communications was substantiated. This and several concurrent posts he held until the fall of 1923 when he left Peking ^or Shanghai, Since that time Mr. Woo has been the Chinese manager of the Callender's Cable and Construction Co., Shanghai.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
881
General Wu Ping-hsiang
882 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Wu Ping-hsiang was born at He-fei Hsien, Anhui province, in 1876. He was graduated from the military college attached to the fore- division of the Wu Wei Chun, which army in five divisions altegether was organized in 1899. After graduation he became a Deputy of his Division. After the Boxer Trouble, he was transferred to Shantung. During the following ten years under the Ching government he held at different times the following positions: Proctor of Shantung Educational Bureau; Proctor of the Manchurian TranspDrtation Bureau; Chief of Martial Court attached to Huai Chun Army in Chihli ; Commander of Shantung Emergency Defence Forces; and Police Taotai of Shantung, this latter position he was appointed to shortly before the First Revolution during which he main- tained local order and on several occasions exhibited his personal bravery. In 1913 General Wu came to Peking and accepted the appointment of Chief of the Secret Service in the President's Office. In October 1913 he was appointed Chief of the Metropolitan Constabulary and concurrently As- sociate Director of the Metropolitan Municipal Administration. When Chang' Hsun tried to restore the Manchu Throne, in the summer of 1917, General Wu was appointed by Imperial Decree and also Chief of the Metropolitan Police. On that occassion, there was a street fight between Chang Hsun's troops and the republican troops under the command of Marshal Tuan Chi- jui, but General Wu's police did not show the least sign of giiving up their task of preserving order. After the overthrow of the Restoration, Marshal Tuan took General Wu into high confidence and he was made a Majoi; General subsequently. He was also given the Fourth Order of Merit. In June 1919 he was appointed concurrently Director of the Govern!jnent Grain Transportation Bureau and also acting director of the Metropolitan Ad- ministration. In July 1919 he was awarded the First Class Wenfu, In January 1920 "he was given the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and also appointed to be concurrently the Director of the Metropolitan Munici- pal Administration. In July 1920, after the downfall of the Anfu Club- with which he had been in close connection, he was relieved of all tiae posts. Subsequently he was deprived of all the honors. Since that time he has been living in retirement at Peking.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
883
Mr* Wu San
(Wu Shan)
Mr. Wu San was born in Szechuan province in 1884, Having completed the studies in Chinese literature and politics in his own province, he went to Tokio, where he received a degree in law from Tokio College. In 1919 he was appointed Vice-minister of Justice in the Kwangtung government and subsequently acted as Minister. When an administrative directorate was established at Kwangtung, he was one of seven directors who governed the southern provinces. At present he is ^general secretary of the Good Roads Association, and under his guidance the association is
884 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
making worthy progress. Mr. Wu is one of the most zealous Christians in China. He has written many books in Chinese which have attracted at- tention for their excellent literary style. His most noteworthy books are: A Commentary on the Provisional Constitution of China; The Soviet Russian Constitution; A Plea for Universal Union; and Government by Commissions.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
885
Mr; Wu Tse-sheng
Mr. Wu Tse-sheng was born at Kirin in 1884. He graduated from the Waseda University, Japan. In 1913 Mr. Wu was elected a member of the Lower House of the First Parliament which was convoked in April 1913 and dissolved in January 1914. He was representing Mongolia. After the dissolution of the Parliament Mj. Wu devoted himself to journalistic enter- prise, being president of the Ta Tung Pao, the Kuo Hua Pao and the Mei Jin Hsing Wen, all of which were in Peking. From August 1916 when the First Parliament was reconvoked to June 1917 when it was again dissolved, Mr. Wu was serving as a Member of the Lower House. In .September 1917
886 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the Peking government created a Provisional Senate. Mr. Wu was elected a Senator. The mission of this assembly was to revise the Parliamental Election law. It was based upon the revised law that the New Parliament or the Anfu Parliament was later convoked. The Provisional Senate was in session from November 1917 to January 1918. While serving as a Sen- ator, Mr. Wu was also the President of the Hsing Ming Pao, in Peking. In March 1918 he made a tour of Japan with a group of journaliiSts from Peking. ,Mr. Wu was a Member of the Lower House of the new Parliament which was convoked in August 1918 and closed in August 1920. It was this Parliament which elected Hsu Shih-ch'ang, President of China in September 1918. Since the reconvocation of the First Parliament in August 1922, Mr. Wu has been serving as a Member of the Lower House. At different times he also held the following. Posts: Councillor at Large and Secretary to the Minister of the Interior and also to the MiniBtcr: of Ag- riculture and Commerce. The Chinese government awarded the Second Class Packuang Chiaho on Mr. Wu in January 1920; the Fourth Class Wenhu in December 1921; the Second Class Tashou Packuang Chiaho in February 1922; the First Class Tashou Chiaho in January 1923; and the Second Class Wenhu in March 1923.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
887
Mr. Wu Tsung'tzu
Mr. Wu Tsung-tzu was "born at Nan-feng' Hsien, Kiangfsi province, in 1879. He was a Yu-Kung-Sheng or Meritorious Senior Licentiate in the Ching Dynasty and distinguished himself as an educationalist by his works in Canton, Kiangsu and Kiangsi. In the late days of the Ching Regime, Mr. Wu made an extensive trip to Japan studying educational conditions in that country. There h9 made acquaintances with the leaders of the Chinese , revolutionary organs. Upon his return to China, he took up journalistic work in Kuangtung, Kiangsi and Shanghai > spreading revolu- tionary ideas. The daily paper Using Hua Pao, a noted revolutionary organ in Peking which had a short life before the First Revolution was also founded by Mr. Wu. Upon the outbreak of the First Revolution he returned to Kiangsi and effected the declaration of independence of that
888 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
province. In 1913 Mr. Wu became a representative of the First Parliament. Subsequently he was elected a Member of the Constitution Drafting Com- mission. The Parliament being dissolved in January 1914, he went to Szechuan. From December 1914 to May 1915 he was Chief of the Civil Administration Bureau of that province. He also acted as Civil Governor of Szechuan foi* a short period of time. Mr. Wu -was very much opposed to the monarchical movement of Yuan Shih-kai. At that time he was holding two positions, namely, commandant of the precautionary forces of Szechuan and Chief Justice of the Marshal Court of the same province. He was about to be arrested by the order of the Peking government when the Yunnan Revolt broke out to which he subsequently joined. The First. Parliament was reconvoked in 1916 after the death of Yuan Shih-kai. Mr. Wu was in the Lower House until June 1917 when it was again dissolved and he went down to the south. Mr. Wu pla3'ed an important part in the Extraordinary Parliament at Canton. He also held several responsible posts in the administrative side of the Canton Military government. The First Parliament being reconvoked in Peking in 1922, Mr. Wu took up his seat again in the Lower House and was still on the Constitution Drafting Com- mittee. Mr. Wu is the author of "The History of China's Permanent Constitution" which was promulgated in October 1923. This work in two volumes has been considered by the general public as one of the best literary productions in the recent years in China.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
889
Admiral Y. L. Woo
(Wu Yu-Iin)
Admiral Y. L. Woo was born at Tientsin, in 1869. In 1885 he entered the Tientsin Navy College where he graduated in 1892. Upon the comple- tion of his studies in China, he was sent aljroad by the government for higher education. He was away from China for one year, and on his return, was appointed an instructor of the Navy Training Servicev Later he became a teacher of the Navy College of which he was a graduate. In 1894 he was transferred to the Board of Navy for service, and was appointed to the position of an attache. In 1895 he was awarded by the then Imperial g'overnment the rank of Prefect. That year marked the beginning of his civil official career. From that time on he held many positions of importance. He was director of railway and mining affairs of Chihli Province, co-director of the Auditing Bureau of the Ministry of
890 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Communications, etc. In 1907 Admiral Woo returned to the Navy and was at once appointed Naval Inspector. Upon the conclusion of the first re- volution in 1911 which resulted in the establiaihment of the Republic, Admiral Woo was an advisor to the Northern Delegation to the Internal Peace Conference at Shanghai. In 1913 he was appointed managing dir- ector of the Teka Naval Dockyard. It was in the same year that he was made a Rear-Admiral, and that he organized the Chihli Inland Steam-launch Company. In 1914 he was appointed to be concurrently chief offcer in command of the sea coast patrolling force for the province of Chihli and also to be in charge of the sea coast land police and river police. In 1915 he was additionally appointed a Chinese director of the Hai Ho Con- servancy Board and chief of the preparation bureau of the river improve- ment works of Chihli. Two years later he was given another important position, namely, the director of the Pei Yang Iron Works in Tientsin. In the spring of 1918 he was appointed a Counillor of the High Inspecting Commissioner of the Northern Four-Province and also a member of the Chihli River Commission. While at Tientsin he was interestad in social work. He was one of the promoters of the American-Brit'sh-Chinesie Commercial Club, Tientsin, which was inaugurated in November 1919. In October 1919 he was awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho and in January 1920 the Second Class Packuang Chiaho. In October 1920 he received the Second Class Wenfu. In July 1921 he was given the post as Director General of the Eastern Metropolitan Conservancy Works. In November 1921 he was made a Vice- Admiral. In June 1922 he was apponted managing director of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway and concur- rently director-general of the Pu-Hsing Railway. In July 1922 he was awarded the Fifth Order of Merit. In September 1922 he was commissioned to be a member of the Commission of Railway interest in connection with the Rehabilitation of Shantung. In October 1922 he received the First Class Tashou Chiaho. In January 1923 he became Minister of Communica- tions which post he held until 1924. In March 1923 he was awarded the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decoration.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
891
Mr. Yang Chia-hsiang
Mr. Yang Chia-hsiang was born at Foochow, Fukien province, in 1882, where he obtained his early training. He was given both a Chinese, classical and modern Western education. He possessed an unusual attitude in his youth both in literary work and the art of painting. He completed his education in Japan where he studied law and government. Upon his return to China Mr. Yang first became a member of the financial board of Fukien Province. In 1912 when the first election took place after the revolution and the establishment of the Republic he entered parliament and took one of the foremost places in the work of reorganization. Through his legislative career he exhibited not only an incorruptible integrity but also a self-sacrificing devotion to the welfare of China. When the movement to exalt Confucianism began and a bill aiming to establish it iri
892 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the constitution as the state religion 'wias introduced in the Senate, he bent his energy against it. The fight was hard and only a few yotes saved China from ecclesiasticism and won the freedom of worship for the four hundred million people. Besides defending religious liberty he was an ardent agitator against Japanese aggression and upheld untiringly the integrity of the Chinese Republic.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
893
Mr. Yang Moi-nan
Mr. Yang Moi-nan. was born in Heungshan, Kwangtung, in 1873. In 1888 he came t3 Shanghai as an apprentice in business, serving first in the navigation department of Butterfield and Swire and becoming eventu- ally a compradore of one of the company's steamships. During the early days of the Republic Mr. Yang was agent of his company at Chefoo. I-n 1918, he was transferred to Shanghai to take charge of the Chinese interests in the shipping department. Mr. Yang is a member of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce and an advfeor to the Ministry of
894 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Communications. He is a director of the Good Roads Movement, tlie Canton Guild, the Commission on the Chefoo-Weihsien Railway, the Chefoo Municipal Council, the Chefoo Chamber of Commei'ce and the International Famine Relief Committee. He is honorary president of the Chefoo Y. M. C. A. and of the Anti-Opium Association.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
895
Mr. Yang Hsiun-chen
(Yang Hsuan-ck'eng)
Mr. Yang Hsiun-chen was born in the city of Changsha, Hunan, ,in 1889. He went to Japan to study when he was very young, and while iji Japan took a course in Navy, graduating from the Naval Gunnery School and the Navy Torpedo School in Tokyo. When the first Revolution broke out in Wuchang in 1911 he returned to China and was forthwith ;gippointed OfRcer-in-Charge of the guns of the Tsu Tai gunboat of the Revolutionary Navy. The next year, 1912, Mr. Yang was selected by the Hunan govern- ment to be sent to the United States to study. He spent about three years
896 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
in America, studying political economy. Upon the completion of his edu- cation in America, he returned in 1915, when he was appointed professor of the Hunan Normal College. In 1916 he was appointed First Secretary- of Foreign Affairs to the Governor of Hunan. In 1917 his services were needed by China in Siberia, where he went as a Lieutenant of the China Expeditionary Army to Siberia. After serving two years fn the Siberian expedition during the world war, he returried to Changsha in 1919 taking up his former post as First Secretary of Foreign Affairs. In 1921 when the self-government of Hunan was organized upon the completion of the Hunan Provincial Constitution, he was made the Councillor of Foreign Affairs for the province. The appointment was first through election in the Changsha Provincial Assembly, and was subsequently approved by the Governor of Hunan, in accordance with the Hunan Constitution. This pos- ition he ha^ b.een holding since the appointment. Mr. Yang is the youngest member of the Hunan Executive body of seven. He is very popular among the Hunanese due to his able management of diplomatic affairs of Hunan.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
897
General Yang I-te
General Yang I-te was born at Tientsin, Chihli province, in 1871. In 1901 he was given by the Ching government the rank of assistant prefect. In 1902 he became a police detective of the Southern Station of Tientsin. In 1903 he was appointed railway inspecAor of the Shanhaikuan Railway
898 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Bureau, In July 1905, he became Chief Police Inspector of the southern section of Tientsin and concurrrently was in charge of the Detective Corps and the Fire Brigade. In September 1905 he was promoted to be Gend- armerie Detective for Tientsin. For his meritorious services, he was promoted to the rank of prefect in December 1905. In June 1906, General Yang became Chief Inispector of the Shanhaikuan Railway; in February 1907, secret service officer of the Board of the Interior with his office at Tientsin; in May 1907, detective officer of the Tientsin High Court acting concurrently as Chief of the Tientsin Secret Service and Deputy Chief of the Tientsin Police Administration; in June 190*7, concurrently detective officer of the Ta Ku Bank in Peking and Tientsin. In August 1907 he was promoted to the rank of Taotai. In July 1909, he became a councillor to Prince Su, then President of the Interior. In December 1910 he was appointed Police Taotai of Chihli. In December 1912 General Yang was transferred to the post Kiang-pei Taotai. But he did not proceed to the new post and was reinstated as the Police Taotai in Chihli at once. In December 1919 he was appointed Chief of Tientsin Police Administration. In May 1914 he was promoted to the post of Prefect of the Pei-hai Circuit, Chihli, which was equivalent to the Tientsin Taotai. In June 1914 he was appointed to act concurrently as chief of the judicial department of the Peiyang Batallions and Assistant Commandant of Marshal Law Headquarters at Tientsin. In July 1914 he was made a Major General and also given the Second Class Wenfu. Subsequently he became associate director of the Bureau of Affairs for China's Neutrality. In August 1914 he was commissioned to be a member on the Committee on Waterway Improvements of Chihli. In August 1915 General Yang was appointed Police Commis- sioner of Chihli in addition to his post of the Chief of Tientsin Police Administration. In October 1915 he was awarded the Third Class Chiaho. In October 1916 he received the Second Class Chiaho. In February 1917 he was ordered to be concurrently Commander-in-Chief of the Tientsin Gendermerie. In the same month, after having taken over the Austrian and German Concessions, he was appointed Chief of the Special Administ- rative Areas of Tientsin. In September 1917 he was given the Second Class Tashou Chiaho; and in January 1918, the Second Class Paofcuang Chiaho. He was made a Lieutenant General in September 1918. In October 1918 General Yang was removed from the posts of the Police Commissioner of Chihli and the Chief of Tientsin Police Adrainistratifon. In November 1918 he was appointed a member of the President's Body Guard. In July 1919 he was reinstated to the posts of Police Commissioner, Chief of Tientsin Police, and Chief of Special Administrative Areas. In addition he was appointed Chief of the Municipal Works Bureau of Chihli. In August 1920 he was awarded the Second Class Tashou Paokuang- Chiaho, and in October 1920 the Fifth Order of Merit. In December 1920 he was given another concurrent post as Chief of the Municipal Administ- ration of the Special Areas of Tientsin, In October 1922 he was made a member of the College of Marshals, a post of honor. In December 1922 he received the First Class Tashou Chiaho. In November 1923 he was made la Chiangchun with "Wei-Wei" as special title.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
899
Mr. Vang Ju-mei
Mr. Yang .Jui-mei was born at Siii Hsien, Hupei province, in 1879. H§ received his education first at tlie Ching Hsing Academy, Wuchang, Hupei, and later in the High Commercial College, Tokyo, Japan, where he was graduated. Upon returning to China, Mr. Yang became director of the Hupei Commercial College, holding concurrently the post of Financial Advisor to the Hupei government. Shortly before the establishment of the Republic, Mr. Yang went to Peking where he was appointed a Junior Secretary of the Board of Treasury. In 1912 Mr. Yang became a Senior Secretary of the Ministry of Finance in charge of a Section of the Department of Revenues. Later he became Co-Director of the Chih Yun
900 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Chu (Budget Examination Office) and also auditor of the Auditing Depart- ment under the Cabinet. Mr. Yang was responsible for the drafting of regulations and laws for the organization of an independent Audit Depart- ment which came into existence in June 1914. Upon the inauguration of the Audit Department Mr. Yang was appointed a Senior Auditing Officer. In September 1915 he was awarded the Third Class Chiaho Decoration. In December 1917 he was promoted to be Presiding Senior Auditing Officer of tthe First Bureau of the Audit Department which position he is still holding. In February 1919 Mr. Yang received the Fourth Order of Wenhu in recognition of service rendered in connection with the War Participation Service. In January 1923 Mr. Yang was awarded the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho. In May he was appointed a Member of the Commission for the Consolidation of the National Debts. While holding official positions, Mr. Yang has been teaching in several universities and colleges in Peking. He is the author of the following publications: '"Bookkeeping and Opera- tion of Modern Banks," "Modern Bookkeeping and Accountancy for Official Organs," "Modern Commercial Bookkeeping," "Comparatiive Study of the Financial Administration of the Different Nations," "Outline of Laws of^ Accountancy," and "The Relation of Finance and Industry.'
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901
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Mr. Yang Koh Shu
Mr. Yang Koh Shu, known as S. C. Yang, was born at Shun Teh, Kuangtung province 1872. He went to America to attend school in 1887, but owing to illness was obliged to return to China before graduation, then went to Japan and entered the Ming Chi Law University and was graduated a Barrister at law and was also awarded the honorable rank of Professor of law. In the Manchu regime, Mr. Yang held an official position as Prefect and served as such in the Fengtien province for about two years. In the winter of 1911 Mr. Yang was appointed Chief Secretary to the International Mixed Court by the then Tutuh Cheng Teh Chuen which position he held up to 1916 when he resigned. In 1916-1917 Mr. Yang was appointed Chief Secretary to the Shanghai Bureau of Foreign Affairs. In January 1918, he was appointed an Expectant Magtistrate of Kiangsu
902 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Province by the Central g^overnment, and at the same time, he was also appointed as Legal Advisor to the late President Feng Kuo-chang. In the autumn of the same year, he was appointed Advisor on Foreign Affairs by the late General Chang Hsun, who was then the Tutuh of Anhui Proyince. Mr. Yang is a member of the Chinese Bar Association. And in January 1925, he was appointed by Mr. S. K. Chen, Commissioner of Foreign Affairs at Shanghai, as Legal Advisor to the Bureau of Foreign Affairs. Mr. Yang was awarded the 4th class Chiaho by the Central government in 1918.
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WHO^S WHO IN CHINA
903
Mr. Yang Pao-ling
Mr. Yang Pao-ling was born in Soochow in 1887. He first studied at the Anglo-Chinese College, Shanghai. From 1896 to 1901 he studied at the Anglo-Chinese College, Soochow, and from 1901 to 1905 he attended
904 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
the Soochow University. After having left school, Mr. Yang taught at the Cheng-chih Middle School, Chekiang. His desire to pursue higher education abroad led him to take an official examination at Nanking in summer of 1907, which was held by then Viceroy Tuan Fang for the purpose of selecting the best educated Chinese youths to send to America to be educated. Mr. Yang passed the examination successfully and was sub- sequently sent to the United Stat&s as a government student. Mr, Yang arrived in America in October 1907. For two years he studied civil engineering at Cornell University. From 1909 to 1911 he attended Purdue University where he graduated with the degree of C. E. During his stay in America, Mr. Yang was once President of the Cosmopolitan Club. He was very popular with both the Chinese and the American students and was twice elected to preside over the Chinese Students' Summer Conferences. Mr. Yang returned to China in September 1911, one month before the outbreak of the Revolution at Wuchang which resulted in the establishment of the Republic. Upon this outbreak, Mr. Yang at once plunged himself into the political whirlpool. He first acted as war correspiondent for the China Press and then as the field manager of the Red Cross workers in and near Wuchang. Later he was appointed by Li Yuan-hung, the Revolution- ary Commander, Chief Secretary to the Foreign Office at Wuchang. At the request of Chang Chien, the greatest industrial captain in China, Mr, Yang undertook the survey of the Huai River and the Grand Canal in 1912. He spent the year 1913 as Dean of the Civil Engineering Department in the Hunan Institute of Technology at Changsha. At the suggestion of Minister Chang Chien of Agriculture and Commerce, the National Con- servancy Bureau was founded in Peking in December 1913. The first man Mr. Chang invited to assist him in this new Bureau of which he was the First Director-General was Mr. Yang, whose ability as a river engineer had already been well known to him. Mr. Chang appointed Mr. Yang as the Technical Expert of the Bureau in charge of a Department. In that capacity, Mr. Yang rendered valuable service in connection with the organization of the various conservancy works and survey schemes in the country. He played an important part in the preliminary negotiations of the Grand Canal Project between the Chinese government and the Sieras Carey Company which resulted in the signing of a loan contract in 1918. Following the great flood visiting the North China in 1917, Mr. Hsiung Hai-ling, the' Director General of the Flood Relief and Conservancy, selected Mr. Yang as his principal technical assistant. A Commission for the Im- provement of the River System of Chihli was organized in March 1918. It is composed of one President and six members, three nominated by the Diplomatic Body and three by the Chinese government. Mr. Yang was representing the National Conservancy Bureau. This position he is still holding. Upon the organization of the Grand Canal Im- provement Board in the spring of 1918. Mr. Yang was appointed a member of the Engineer*ing; Department. Mr. Yang is one of the foundei-s of the Association of Chinese and American Engineers which was formally organized in Peking in November 1919. He was its Second Vice-President from November 1919 to April 1922 and its First Vice-President from April 1922 to October 1923. In 1921 Mr. Yang was a Director of Chinese In-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 905
stitute of Engineers, of which he is still a member. In spring 1921 Mr. Yang was delegated by the National Conservancy Bureau, in response to the public desire to improve the Yangtse, to mabe! a preliminary investiga- tion of the conditions of that river. In December 1921 Mr. Yang accompanied the noted British engineer Mr. F. Palmer on an inspection trip on the Yangtse. A joint report was submitted by Mr. Palmer, Mr. H. von Heidenstam, chief engineer of the Whangpoo Conservancy and Mr. Yang. A Yangtse River Commission was formed in December 1921 and Mr. Yang became a member of this Commission. In the beginning of 1922 the Commission appointed a Committee to take charge of the technical investigations. This committee consisted of seven members, four Chinese and three foreigners. Mr. Yang was one of the Chinese members. Since November 1922 Mr. Yang has been Acting Chairman of the Yangtse Technical Committee. In May 1922 Mr. Yang was appointed Co-Director of the Tientsin Telegraph Administration but he declined. About the same time he, in cooperation with a number of prominent persons, both Chinese and foreigners, founded the Chinese Engineering and Development Company. Mr. Yang has been its executive secretary and treasurer. In August 1922 when Mr. Kao Lin-wei became Minister of Finance Mr. Yang was appoint- ed Advisor to the Minister. In May 1923 he was awarded the Second Class Chiaho and in October 1923 the Second Class Ta-Shou Pao-Kuang Chiaho Decoration. Besides being Principal Technical Expert of the National , Conservancy Bureau, Member of the Chihli River Commission, Member of the Yangtse Technical Committee and Acting chairman of the same, Mr. Yang is also Advisor to the Kiangsu Grand Canal Improvement Board and of the Woosung Port Development Works. Mr. Yang's address is No. 1, Hung An Li, Ex-Austrian Concession, Tientsin.
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906
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Yang Shen
General Yang Shen was born at Kuang-an Hsieu, Szechuan province, in 1887. He was a Licentiate under the Ching regime. He received his education first in the High Primary School at Kuang-an and later in the Yung-nan Military Academy of Szechuan Province. After graduation from the military school he joined the army and soon made a good record as a disciplinarian. During the second revolution he served in Szechuan as chief of staflE of the Third Army. Soon after this he joined the move- ment to drive the Yunnanese troops from his native province and in this campaign became conmmander of the Second Army. His popularity in his native province has been due to his fairness to his soldiers and to the fact
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 907
that he has interested himself in local development. He has encouraged the development of physical education in the schools and organized the first Boy Scouts brigade in the Province.^ In 1922 he organized a military and students field day in Luchow which was well attended. He has organized a number of modern industries including machine shops, spinning and weaving mills. In the city of Luchow he reorganized the city, widened and straightened the streets and enforced sanitary measures. Other cities such as Long Chang, Jung Chang, Yu Chang and Kia Ting have been similarly reorganized. His chief ambition now is to construct a modern road from Tzeliutsing to Luchow and from Chungking to Chengtu and in addition he is actively interested in the construction of a railroad con- necting Szechuan province with the railway system of East and North China. He was appointed by the Peking government in May 1924 the Director General of the Military. Reorganization of Szechuan.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr* Yang Shou-mai
(Yang Han-hsi)
Mr. Yang Shou-mai was born at Wu-sih Hsien, Kiangsu province, in 1875, from a v^ery well known family. His father was one of the startere and the Director of the famous Military College at Paotingfu of which many etudentf? afterwards became noted soldiers and leaders lK)th in the Ching time and the Republic. He became a Provincial Graduate when he was still young. Then he followed his father to Peking to sei've as an academic member in the Board of War. Later he entered civil official life. He was for some time the Director of the Kuangtung Provincial Mint, Canton. He retired ' from the official life before 1912. In 1903 Mr. Yang's fathei* founded the Nieh-Ching Cotton Mill Company at Wusih, his native district, it being one of the oldest cotton mills in the inland of China. In 1912, when his father had died, Mr. Yang became the managing directt)r of this Mill. He started the telephone company at Wusih in 1911. In 1912 he extended his telephone business to Tai-Chang and Li- Yang districts. In 1914 he
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 909
opened an oil mill. This was the first mechanical oil mill in the interior of China. In 1916 he started the Kuang-Ching Weaving and Spinning Company with a total capilization of one million dollars. He has been its managing director since its establishment. In 1920 he put up the Kuang Ching Soap Faotory and the Kuang Ching Foundry C-ompany in the vicinity of the new spinning and weaving mill. Mr. Yang has opened a stone- paved road connecting his mills with the Shanghai-Nanking Railway Station at Wusih. It is s?veral miles long and in its vicinity he has plut up schools, police stations, a fire brigade, market houses, and a band com- posed of orphan boys. He has made the new section a modern self-governing district and it is called the Kuang Ching District. lit is about a mile north of the city of Wusih. Besides his business activities, Mr. Yang is at pre-sent the chairman of the Merchants Volunteer Corp and Chief of the Engineering Department of the local Waterways Improvement Bureau. He is considered a leader of tthe modern industrial development of Wusih District which has lately gained the name "The Little Shanghai."
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Yang Tcheng
(Yang Sheng)
Mr. Yang Tcheng was born at Tungkun Hsien, Kuangtung province, in 1867. When he Was a mere youth, he was sent to Japan where hie elder brother Yang Chu was then Chinese Minister. After six years' stay in Japan, he returned to China and at once joined the Tung Wen College, Canton. A year later he was transferred to the Tung College, Peking, where he was subsequently graduated. Upon graduation he was appointed a member of the Board of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce. Later he was sent by the government to Germany where he studied jurisprudence and military science in the Berlin University and was graduated from it. Mr. Yang returned to China in the spring of 1895, He then became a professor in Peking University, and also English translator at the Official
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA ' 911
Book Bureau. Since that time his name has became well known in official circles. When the Boxer trouble broke out, he left Peking and while on his way through Tsinan, it happened that he attracted the attention of Yuan Shih-kai, who was then Governor of Shantung. Having heard of his abilities, Yuan make him to join his Secretariat. In 1901 he accompanied China's special Envoy to Berlin to convey China's regret for the murder of von Ketler. After his return, he was appointed a Taotai of Shantung, holding concurrently the posts of Diplomatic Commissioner, Director of Mining Administration, and Director of Railways. Afterwards he was also made director-general of the military and police affairs. He soon rose to the rank of Ambassador, being successively appointed to Austria, Germany and Holland. The death of his mother caused him to leave official circles for three years. At the end of the period of mourning, Viceroy Chang Jen-chun of Liang-Kiang (Kianggu-Anhui-Kiangsi) appointed him Military Councillor with two additional posts, viz, Diplomatic Commis- sioner and Commerical Advisor. After the outbreak of the First Revolu- tion in November 1911, Mr. Yang retired to Shanghai. Later he went to Shantung and became Chief Secretary of the Police Administration of that province. In 1913 he was appointed Commissioner for Foreign Affairs of Kiangsu and also Taotai or Intendant of Shanghai Circuit. In October 1915 he was relieved of these posts. In November 1915 General Cheng' Ju-chen, the Garrison Commissioner of Shanghai was assasinated at Shang- hai in consequence of which the peace and order of that port were affected. In order to handle satisfactorily the foreign affairs at this critical time, the Peking government in January 1916 reinstated Mr. Yang to the post of Diplomatic Commissioner. He served his second term only for one month and resigned. In June 1919 Mr. Yang was for the third time appointed Commissioner for Foreign Affairs of Kiangsu province. In January 1920 he was awarded the Second Class Tashou PaokuaJ»g Chiaho. In May 1920 he was relieved from the Commissionership. In October 1920 he was awarded the Second Class Wenfu. In August 1922 he was appointed Shanghai vice-president of the Chinese Red Cross Society. In January 1923 he was awarded the First Class Tashou Chiaho. In February 1923 he was appointed government representative to investi- gate the condition of Chinese in the South Sea Inlands. In April 1924 he was again appointed Shanghai vice-president of the Chinese Red Cross Society to serve for one year.
912
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
General Yang Tseng-hsin
General Yang Teeng-hsin was born at Meng-tzu Hsien, Yunnan pro- vince, in 1867. In his youth he travelled extensively in the northern and western parts of China especially in the frontier provinces. He became a provincial graduate in 1888 and metropolitan graduate in 1889. By Im- perial Order he was sent to Kansu 'to wait for an appointment.' In that province at different times he was Department Magistrate of Ho Chou, District Magistrate of Chung-wei Hsien, Commander of the Infantry Forces of the Chun-wei Troops, Director of Kansu High College, and Director of Kansu Military College (1900). In 1901 General Yang was transferred to Sinkiang province where he was first Ping-pei-tao or Intendant of the Ao-Ke-Shu Circuit, then Acting Military and Grain Intendant of the Chen- Ti Circuit; and later Judicial Commissioner and finally Lieutenant Governor. In April 1912, President Yuan Shih-kai appointed General Yang Treasurer of the Financial Commisisioner of Sinkiang. In May 1912 he was appoint- ed Tutu (Military Governor!) and conc\irrently Mingcheng-chiang (Civil Governor) of Sinkiang. At the same time he was acting Military Governor
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 913
of Hi. In 1915 General Yang was awarded the Third Order of Merit and given the brevet rank of a full general. In July 1916 he became Tuchun and Shengchiang of Sinkiang, the new designations for military and civil governors, respectively. These positions he is still holding. In January 1920 General Yang received the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho; in October 1920, the First Class Wenfu; and in October 1921, the First Order of Merit. In February 1923 he was madei a full general and in November 1923 a "Chiangchun" of the College of Marshals with the special title "T'ien-Wu."
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914
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Yang Yung-tai
Mr. Yang Yung-t'ai was born at Mao-ming Hsien, Kuangtung province, in 1880. He received his education in the Canton High School and the Liang Kuang Preparatory School for students to be sent abroad. For a time he also attended the Law Department of the Peking Methodist Un- iversity. He first came to public notice as editor of the Kuang-Nan Pao at Canton, an organ of the revolutionary thoughts. After the outbreak of the First Revolution, October 1911, Mr. Yang was elected a memb?r of the Kuangtung Provisional Assembly and subsequently represented Kuangtung at the National Provisional Council in Narking. He wiis a Senator of the First Parliament which was convok?d in April 1913 and dissolved by Yuan Shih-kii in January 1914. After the Second Revolution, in the summer of 1913, Mr. Yang in cooperation with Mr. Ku Chung-hsiu published the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 915
"Chin-F' Journal at Shanghai the object of which it was to oppose the absolute rule of Yuan Shih-kii. In 1915 Yuan launched his monarchical movement. Mr. Ku and Mr. Hsu Fu-lin started the Chung Hua Hsin Pao a daily paper at Shanghai. It was then considered the strongest anti-Yuan paper in China. In April 1916 the republican forces in Kuangtung and Kuangsi under the leadership of Ts'en Ch'un-hsun establi- .shed a Military Council at Shao-ching, Kuangtung, as headquarters to direct operations against Yuan Shih-kai's forces that had been sent down to suppress the revolt started by General Tsai Ao in Yunnan. Mr. Yang^ joined this Council beconiing Chief of the Financial Bureau. In .June 1916 Yuan Shih-kii passed away. Li Yuan-hung becoming President convoked the First Parliament. Mr. Yang returned to Paking ta assume his seat in the Senate. After the second diss-olution of the First Parlia- ment in June 1917, Mr. Yang went to Canton with other members an,d there they convoked the Extraordinary Parliament. A military government was then established with Dr. Sun Yat-sen being elected as Generalissimo. Mr. Yang gained his entrance to local politis at Canton in 1918 by sup- porting the Cheng-Hsueh-Hui faction headed by Ts'en Ch'un-hsuan, in the Parliament over the reorganization of the military government. He and his clique succeeded in getting the Parliament in May that year to replace the generalissimo with seven administrative directors, one of whom later chosen was Dr. Sun, others including Ts'en Ch'un-hsun and Lu Yung-ting, two Kuangsi militarists. Dr. Sun had been opposed to the control of the military government by the southern militarists. But the reorganization gave the two leading militarists effective control of the situation at Canton. Subsequently Mr. Yang was appointed Commissioner of Finance. In May 1920 a conflict occurred between the Kuomingting and the Clieng-Hsueh- Hui leaders as a result of which Sun Yat-sen and his associates were ousted. At once Mr. Yang was appointed Civil Governor of Kuangtung which position he held until October 1920 when the Kuangsi leaders were driven out of Canton in ratire.nent until 0^tobe^ 1922 when the First Parliament was reconvokid at Peking and he took up his seat in the Senate again. At the same time he was given the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho.
916
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Yao Kuo-chen
Mr. Yao Kuo-chen was born at Kuei-chih Hsien, Anhui province, in 1883. He first studied in the Provincial High College of Kiangsi which later granted to iiim a scholarship to study in the Imperial University, Peking. In May 1890 he was graduated from the Preparatory Department of that University. The Board of Education then awarded him the degree of Chu Jen. Prior to hLs obtaining the degree, he was appointed by the Bureau of Military Funds of Kwangsi as its delegate in Peking, and was
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 917
recommended for the post of Expectant Second Seicretary of a Board by the same Bureau for services rendered. In 1909 the Board of Education recommended him for promotion to the rank of Senior Secretary. In the same year he "whs assigned to the Board of Posts and Communications for service. In 1912, Soon after the establishment of the Ministry of Com- munications, Mr. Yao held various responsible positions — -Assistant Secretary and Chief of the Compilation Section and Archives Section of the General Affairs Department. In 1913 he was made Principal of the School of Communications. A year after, he functioned as Vice-Chairman of the Commission on statistic*. In 1916, he was appointed acting direct- or of Telegraphs, Posts and Navigation. After the reorganization of the Ministry in the same year, he was first appointed Councillor and then Director of the Department of Posts, holding concurrently the office of Inspector-General of Posts. Mr. Yao \vent to Japan in 1917 to attend the celebration commemorating the completion of the China-Japan Through Traffic arrangements, and at the same time to investigate into matters dealing with railroads, posts, telegraphs and navigation. On his return he again became Councillor. In January 1919 he was appointed concur- rently to take charge of the General Affairs Department of the Ministry. In December 1919 he was appointed Vice-Minister of Communications, and also ordered to act for the Minister for sometime. In January 1920 ho was awarded the Second Class Wenfu. In February he received addi- tional position as Chief of Bureau of Loans in the Ministry of Communica- tions. In April he was given the Second Class Taishou Paokuang Chiaho. In July 1920, subsequent to the Chihli-Anfu conflict resulting in the over- throw of the Anfu Administration, he was relieved of the Vice-Ministership. Subsequently order was issued for his arrest and he fled to the Japanese Legation to stay. In November 1922 he escaped from Peking to Tientsin. In the spring of 1924 he was pardoned.
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918
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. T. H. Yeh
(Yeh Ching-hsin)
Mr. T. H. Yeh was born at Hangchow, Chfkiang province, in 1882. He received his early education under private tutors, and was required to study classic Chinese. Soon after the Boxer rising in 1900, he came to the North and entered the Peiyang University by competitive examinations. Dr. C. D. Tenney, Chinese Secretary of the American Legcition in Peking, was then the dean of the University, where Mr. Yeh studied for two years and a half. After a lapse of one year, when he w;as ill, Mr. Yeh went to England to pursue higher education. During the first few months in England he was a self-supporting student, but 'later he was given a government scholarship. He stayed in England for six years and a half,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 919
and attended Birmingham University and the Victoria University in Man- chester. He was graduated frqm the first ir.stitutlon with the degree of B. S. C. He specialized in chemistry, economics, and commercial and industrial organizations. In the first year of the Republic, 1912, Mr. Yeh returned to China. The following year he joined the Ministry of Finance as technical expert. One year later he was promoted to be the head of the CurrencV 'Department, >and when Liang Chi-chlao was -appointed Director-General of the Currency Reform Bureau, he was appointed chief of the currency and mint department of the Bureau. He returned to the Essay Office as its Chief. He was occasionally sent out by the Minister of Finance for inspection of almost all the mints in China. In June 1917, when Liang Chi-chiao was Minister of Finance. Mr. Yeh concurrently acted as his Secretary.
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920
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. H. T. Yeh
(Yeh Hung-chi)
Mr. H. T. Yeh was born at Shanghai, in 1885. He was graduated from the Lung-meng Normal College, Shanghai. Later he studied at the highest government institutions of learning in Kiangsu where he special- ized in literature. In 1912, Mr. Yeh was appointed a member of the secretariat of the Judicial Yamen at Shanghai. A few ^months later, he became a member of general affairs department of the temporary head- quarters of the Civil Governor of Kiangsu. Upon the organisation of a district legislature at Shanghai he became its chief secretary. In April 1913, he became a secretary of the S^^nate in Ptking. In March 1914, he was appointed by Mandate to be secretary of the oSce created by Yuan Shih-kai to revise the Provisional Constitution. In .April 1915 upon the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 921
termination of the work of the Council, he was recommended by Chief Secretary Ku Ao for the official rank of magistrate. The reeompiendation was approved by the government^ and permission was granted of exempting him from the examination for magistrates. In August 1915, he was referred by the Ministry of the Interior to Hupeh for appointment. In May of 1916, he was appointed secretary of the Constitution Conference in Pekmg. One year latsr, upon the closing of the Const^itution Confereiice, the Civil Governor of Hupeh requested that Mr. Yeh be sent to his province to wait' for appointment as magistrate. Before the request had been granted, Mr. Yeh was ordered by the Ministry of Communications in the autumn of 1917 to be managing director of the Government Telephone Administration in the Chinese City, Shanghai. This post he held for over three years. After then he was transferred to Tsingtau.
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922
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Yeh Kung-cho
(Yeh Kung-ch'ao)
Mr. Yeh Kung-cho was born at Fan-yu Hsien, Kuangtung province, in 1880. He came t3 Peking after having received rudiments of education in his native province and entered the Imperial University. Before graduation he left the University and took up teaching Work. He was connected with the Modern Languages College of Hupei for many years. After that he returned to Peking again and was admitted to tha Board of Communications. During 1906-8, he was one of the capable assistants of Tang Shao-i, then the director general of the Peking-Hankow Railway. He was als.) responsible for the plans of the taking over of that railway from the Belgian Company in 1908. When the first revolution broke out in 1911, Mr. Yeh left the government service. Later, he was appointed a oounicillor to conduct the negotiations between the North and South. He was alsD a delegate to
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 923
prepare for the organization of the Provisional Government in Nanking. Gradually he became associated with more prominent personages in the country. Upon the establishment of the Republic, he was made Chief of the Railway Department in the Ministry of Communications. At the same time he was a member of the Finance Committee. During that time, a railway association was organized under the auspices of Liang Shih-i to unite his followers. Of the association Mr. Yeh was elected Vice-President. He was chairman of the Comroifesion on the Standardization of Railway Terminology and also of the Commission for the Unification of Railway Statistics iand Accounts. It was also through his influence that an American statistical expert, Dr. Adams, was engaged to advise the Commission. In ■July 1913, Mr. Yeh was appointed to act for Vice-Minist«r of Communica- tions. In June 1914 he became substantial Vice-Minister of Communica- tions. In June 1915 his service was suspended on account of alleged irregularity in his administration. In October 1915 a Mandate was issued dismissing all the charges against him. He resigned from the Vice-Minis- tership in June 1916 after the death of Yuan Shih-kii. Mr. Liang Shih-i, his patron, who had been Yuan's strong advisor, was then ousted from Peking politics. After that time, Mr. Yeh became a Secretary to Feng Kuo-chang at Nanking, who succeeded Li Yuan-hung as Vice-President of China. In July 1917 Chang Hsun started the monarchical restoration. Marshal Tuan Chi-jui raised the republican standard against him and Mr. Yeh assisted Marshal Tuan in the management of transportation affairs for tlie republican army. After the overthrow of the monarchical movement, Tuan became Prime Minister and Mr. Yeh was app-ointed Vice-Minister of Communications which position he held until October 1918. In January 1919 he went to Europe as Special Commissioner to study pest- war industry and communications in the different European countries. He returned in the winter of 1919. In January 1920 Mr. Yeh was awarded the First Class Wenfu, and also appointed High Commissioner for Promotion of Industries. In August 1920 he was appointed Acting Minister of Com- munications. In October 1920 he received the First Class Tashou Chiaho. In March 1921 he became concurrently the President of the Communications University. In May 1921 he was relieved of the Acting Ministers'hip, still retaining the Industrial Commissionership. In August 1921 he was awarded the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In December 1921 Mr. Yeh was again appointed Minister of Communications under Liang Shih-i's Cabinet. In January 1922 he was relieved of the High Industrial Commis- sionership. In May 1922 when Liang Shih-i Cabinet collapsed he was removed from the Ministership and ordered to be apprehended. He fled to Japan where he stayed for some time. Subsequently ha joined the Anti-Chihli factions becoming Finance "Minister in Canton in May 1923 and also enjoying high confidence of Marshal Chang Tso-lin. Late in 1924 when the Anfu-Fengtien party returned to pow'er, following the defeat of the Chihli forces which began in September 1924, Mr. Yeh returned to the North and was appointed Minister of Communications which position he now holds.
924
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Yih Ko-liang
(Yeh K'e-liang)
Mr. Yih Ko-liang was born at Foochow, Fukien province, in 1879. He studied at the Anglo-Chinese College, Foochow, 1897-1899; at Xavier'a College, Shanghai, 1899-1900; and at St. John's University, Shanghai, 1900-1902. From 1902 to 1904 he was instructor of the Foochow College and interpreter of the Bureau of Foreign Affairs, Foochow. He went to America in May 1905 with private support. He studied Agriculture at Cornell University, 1905-1909 and Metallurgy at Michigan College of Mines 1909. He obtained the degree of B. A. S. in 1908 and that of M. A. ia 1909. While in America he was member, of Cosmopolitan Club, 1905-1909, Frances Miles Finch Debating Club, 1906-1908. Mr. Yih returned to China
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
925
in December 1909. After resting a year, he went to Peking and was appointed a member of the Bureau of Terminology^ in the Ministry of Education. Between 1910 and 1912 he was editor of the Peking Daily News. Prom 1911 to 1913 he was director of the Agricultural Colle.ge, Peking.' In 1914 he w^s appointed Senior Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign; Affairs, and in 1915 the Second Secretary to the Chinese I^egat-ion at Washington. In the summer of 1918 he was transferred to Vancouver to act as Chinese Consul-General. In January 1919 he was officially ap- pointed to that post. In February 1921 Mr. Yih was appointed Acting Consul-General at San Francisco. In December 1922 this appointement was substantiated to him. He has been awarded by the Chinese government the Third Class Chiaho and the Third Class Wenfu decorations.
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926
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. P. K. Ye»inghay
(Yeh Ping-kuei)
Mr. P. K. Yesinghay was born at Niiigpo, Chekiang province, in 1870 from a humble family. His parents did not have means of providing him with even an elementary education. He was sent in his youth to a local lumber company where he sarved apprenticeship for several years. Mr. Yesinghay himself was, however, very ambitious. Knowing that illiteracy would be a great hindrance to one's future succes?, he want to the neigh- boring school teachers or friends asking them to taach him reading; characters in the evening, remunerating them with whatever money he could save from his incomes. This he made himself literate and able to
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 927
writ3 letters. In 1888 Mr. Yesinghay left home for Shanghai where he joined the China Merchants Steam Navigation Company as a junior clerk. He remained there until 1892. From 1892 to 1895 Mr. Yesighay was connected with a foreign firm in Tientsin. In 1896 he returned to Shanghai joining Gipperich Company, a German export and import firm. Upon the establishment of the Tientsin branch of that company in 1897, he became its Tientsin Chinese manager. This position he held until 1917 when the company ceased doing business on account of the War. Mr. Yesinghay has taken great deal of interest in industrial as woll as in social work. He was director of the Societ? Immobiliere Franco Chinoicede Tientsin, from 1912 to 1922; was president of the Peiyang Commercial, Guild, an arbitration center, from 1915 to 1916; founded the Chinese Associated Trading Company in 1919 and the Tientsin Press Packing Com- pany in 1923, of which he is the managing director; and was elected auditor of the Liu Ho Kou Mining Company, one of the leading coal mining enterprise? in North China, in 1924. Mr. Yesinghay has been a director of the Chekiang Provincial Guild, Tientsin, since 1906; Director of Tientsin Charity and Benevolence Institute sin3e 1916; and Director of the Flood and Famine Urgent Relief Commission in the Tientsin Police Administra- tion since 1917. Mr. Yesinghay is one of the founders of the Chekiang School in Tientsin, being one of its directors since 19013. He was on the Chinese Committee of the German-Chinege Middle School in Tientsin between 1913 and 1915. In 1924 he was elected director of the Commercial De- partment of the Nankai University. Tientsin. Mr. Yesinghay, though an aged man, has never failed to visit his old home and ancestors' graves at Ningpo, once every year a moral that has been found lacking arrjong the younger generations of the present day China. He is always much concerned with the welfare of his home land. In the district of Chin-hai where Mr. Yesinghay was born, the people used to suffer very badly from, want of drinking water. At his own expenses he had several artisan wells dug in the city for the ipublic use. Following these, which proved to be very useful, many similar wells have been dug at Cheng- hai by other people. Thus the drinking water problem of that city has been solved. In 1912 in the same city Mr. Yesinghay founded a' cloth weaving factory for the sole purpose of providing poor women with means of subsistence. It has been working very s.^tisf actorily and >* is at present giving employment to 400 female workers. Mr. Yesinghay has been closely connected with several foreign firms at Tientsin. A large number of young men have received such training under Mr. Yesinghay that they later became competent to hold responsible positions in Chinese' concerns working on modern basis. Mr. Yesinghay's address is Tientsin, Parke s Road, British Concession.
928
WHO'S WHO liN CHINA
Mr-. Yen Chih-i
M § 1^ ^ its *^
Mr. Yen Chih-i was born at Tientsin, Chihii province, in 1882, in a noted family. His father, Yen Hsiu, was -a Hanlin and Cabinet Minister under the Ching regime. He received his early education from Putung Middle School and the Nankai College. Then he went to Japan was graduated from the High Technical College, Tokyo. After the establishment of the republic, he was m,ade a secretary in the Ministry of Agriculture and In- dustry, and was sent on several special Industrial Missions to the Yangtze, and southern provinces; among other being special delegate for the Min-
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 929
istry to the Southern Exposition in Nanking— the first of its kind in China —which was inspired by Dr. Sun Yat-sen in 1912. Being convinced that products of the ancient Chinese civilization would make a most favorable impression at the Panama-Pacific Exposition in San Francisco in 1914-15, Mr. Yen was one of the chief instig-ators in inducing his governme-nt to participate in the great fair in a worthy manner. His Ministry recognized his efforts by placing him in charge of an Industrial Commission which visited the chief cities and industrial centers of America just previ"otis to the Exposition, ending its itinerary at San Francisco in time for the grand opening of the fair. Attending the Exposition he was also in the capacity of Special Commissioner from Chihli, China. Mr. Yen came back from the exposition fired with the possibilities of public exhibits in promoting mutual understanding of men, markets and conditions and encouraging constructive rivalry and progress in the industrial world. He brought back with him an expert American soap-maker, organized the Tientsin Soap Factory of which he is the chief stock-holder and director on a modern basis, and made it one of the largest of representatives of this new manufacture in ' China. Other industries in which Mr. Yen is privately interested and which he has fostered include forestation, cotton-spinning mills, potteries, iron moulding and tanning factories. During 1915-17 Mr. Yen was a Departmental Chief in the Ministry of Agriculture and Com- merce. In October 1917 he was appointed Industrial Commissioner of Chihli. In that position he founded the Agriculture Experiment Station, the Agricultural School, the Industrial Experiment Station and the Indus- trial Exhibit Museum, all located in or about Tientsin. It was also under his direction that a Provincial Industrial Exposition was held at Tientsin during Oct-Nov. 1919 which was regarded by both Chinese and foreigners as an unqualified success. It was planned to make the expositioli a yearly event. Mr. Yen stated the object of the exposition to be to advertise the manufactures, hand-industries and art work of every district, and create a competition in excellence of output and progressiveness of methods of manufacture. In December Mr. Yen was appointed to be concurrently associate director of the Grand Canal Improvement Board. In January 1919 he was awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho. In January 1920 he received two decorations: the Second Class Chiaho and the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho. In February 1921 he received the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In September 1922 he was relieved of the post of Industrial Commissioner of Chihli. Since that time he has been devoting his time and energy to the fostering of private industrial enterprises in- Chihli.
930
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Hawkling L. Yen
(Yen Hao-ling)
Dr. Hawkling L. Yen was born at Yu-yao Hsien, Chekiang province, in 1879. He studied at St. John's University, Shanghai, between 1896 and 1903. In 1902 he was awarded the Alumni Medal for the best Chinese oration. In 1903 he graduated. Immediately upon his graduation, he was engaged by St. John's as an instructor (1903-6). From 1907 to 1908 he was teacher at Fu Tan College, Woosung. In October 1908 he arrived in America to take up more advanced studies as a government student. In 1909 he joined Columbia University in New York and made political science his major subject. In the same year he received his degree of A. M. Two
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 931
years later he successfully passed the examinations for a Ph. D, degree. His subject for the doctor's dissertation was "A Survey of Constitutional Development in China." In August 1911, he returned to China. He went to Peking and was appointed a member of the Ministry of Foreig*n Affairs. From 1912 to 1913 he served as Commissioner of Foreign Affairs in Chekiang, his native province. He was later recalled to Peking and ap- pointed Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He held the position of Secretary from 1913 to 1916. In 1916 he was appointed a member of the Office of the Cabinet. In the same year he was made managing editor of the Chinese Social and Political Science Review. In November 1918 he was awarded the Second Class Wenfu in connection with the European War service. In January 1919 he accompanied Minister Lu Cheng-hsiang's mission to the European Peace Conference in the capacity of Technical Delegate. He returned to China two months ago, and rejoined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as a Councillor. In May 1919 he was given the Fifth Class Paokuang Chiaho and in January 1920 the Second Class Wenfu decoration. In the beginning of 1920 a dispute arose over the management of the Tsinghua College. A board of three directors was created by the Minister of Foreign Affairs. In February 1920 Dr. Yen was one of them, the other two being Mr. Peck of the American Legation and Dr. Tyau of the same Ministry. Upon the decision of the Board to elect one of its own members to take charge of the management of the College, Dr. Yen was appointed president of the Tsinghua College pro- tem. In September 1920 his name was recorded with the Cabinet Office as an ambassador-in-waiting. In February 1921 he was relieved of the Councillorship of the Foreign Office. During the Washington Conference, in the winter of 1921-22, he was Deputy Chief Secretary to the Chinese Delegation as well as one of its technical experts. In December 1922 he was appointed Chief of the Bureau for the Preparation of the Special Tariff Revision Conference. In September 1923 he was commissioned to be a technical member of the Financial Reorganization Commission. In January 1924 he was appointed Vice-Minister of Agriculture and Commerce. This position he held for about half a year.
932
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Marshal Yen Hsi-shan
IS ^ m ^ 5 jii
Marshal Yen Hsi-shan was born at Wu-tai Hsien,Shansi province, in 1883. When Marshal Yen arrived at manhood state, he had to arrang-e a settle- ment with his father's creditors. After studying in his native district and arrang^ing his business affairs, he went to Taiyuan Fu and entered a military institution. After his graduation there he went in 1908 to Japan where he studied in the Military Cadets' Academy, Tokyo, taking Infantry Courses. In 1910 he graduated from that academy and at once returned to China. Upon his return to Shansi he took up the task of building up a model brigade in the province. His military rank was then a Colonel. During his student days Marshal Yen had become a member of the Tung Meng Hui, the fraternity of young evolutionists. With the opening; of the revolution at Wuchang he was on the spot in Taiyuanfu, and on October
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 933
29, when the wave of revolt reached that city, went over to the Revolu- tionists with all the troops under his command. He was made Tutuh for the province of Shansi and led troops to Niangtzukuan on the eastern border to face the Imperial forces. In March 1912 he was appointed Milit- ary Governor of Shansi. In June 1914 he was made a Chiangchun with "Tung-Wu" as special title. In September 1917 he was appointed to be acting Civil Governor of Shansi. During the first four or five years of his political experience he was finding himself. The anti-plague campaign of the winter of 1917-18 marked a turning point in his career. From that time he resolved to keep out of national politics as far as possible and devoted himself wholly to the development of his own province. The reform program he launched and has been carrying out is one of the most significant and hopeful things. That it received the approval of the Central government in Peking was shown when he was given the title of "the model tuchun" upon the occasion of a visit to the Capital in the autumn of 1918. Manshal Yeti wrote a book entitled "Manual of Citizenship". Several editions in millions of copies have been published. Every person in that province is obliged to read this book. He has organized the civil administration from the villages up; reformed the public school system; made educational budget for every year; founded the . Anti-Queue-wearing and Anti-Foot-binding societies; founded the Heart-Cleanfiing Institution with himself as President for the purpose of reviving morals; encouraged the growth of cotton and silk, afforestation, improvement of drainage and irrigation canals, and the introduction of improved breeds of living stocks; and taken great interest in the Boy Scout Movement. He was the President of the Seventh Annual Field and Track Meet of North China held at Taiyuanfu in 1919. In January 1920 Marshal Yen was awarded the First Order of Merit. In February 1923 he was made a Full General. In November 1923 he became a Shan Chiangchun or Marshal with "Tung-Wu" as special title.
934
WHO^S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. W. W. Yen
S ^ R '# 1^ A
(Yen Hui Ch'ing) Dr. W. W. Yen was born at Shanghai, in 1877. He studied at the St, John's College and at Anglo-Chinese College, Shanghai, 1891-93; at Tung Wen College, Shanghai, 1893-95. He went to America in December 1895 to study with private support. He prepared for college at Episcopal High School, 1895-97. In 1897 he entered the University of Virginia where he studied Liberal Arts and Law and was graduated from there in 19d0 with the degree of B. A. He was member of secretary of the Blackford Literary Society, 1896-97; awarded gold medals and other prizes for English composition, debate and general proficiency, in June 1897; elected to Phi Beta Kappa in June 1909. Dr. Yen returned to China in August 1900, and became professor of the English language and literature at St. John's University. In 1906 he accepted the offer of the Comraerical Press
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 935i
to be its English editor. During his connection with that big publication institution, he translated and edited many useful books, among which might be mentioned the Standard English-Chinese Dictionary (a work of 3,000 pages). During his residence at Shanghai in that period he in- terested himself in student and social activities. He was one of the founders of the World's Chinese Students' Federation, of which he was subsequently appointed honorary secretary. He was a member of the Committee of the Elducation Association of China, Anti-foot-binding Society and other associations with the object of promoting civic welfare. Dr. Yen received his degree of Doctor of Literature from the Imperial govern- ment at Peking in 1906. Two years later he was appointed Second Secretary of the Chinese Legation at Washington at which Dr. Wu Ting-fang wae Minister. He was recalled one year later to Peking to organize a press bureau, which he afterwards headed and directed with efficency. In 1911 he was admitted to the Hanlin Academy and appointed Junior Councillor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. After various promotions he became Under-Secretary of Foreign Affairs in 1912, when the first government of the Republic was organized. In 1913 he was appointed Minister tb Ger- many and Denmark. He stayed in Germany until after China's declaration of war upon that country. When the war began, he went to Denmark and functioned there as Chinese Minister until May 1920 when he returned to China at the instruction of the Peking government. In August 1920 Dr. Yen was appointed Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs. In October 1920 he received the First Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration from his own government and the First Class Grand Cross Decoration from the King of Denmark. In May 1921 he became Minister for Foreign Affairs. In that capacity he signed the Sino-German Peace Pact. In November 1921 he was awarded the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. In December 1921 the King of Sweden awarded on him a decoration. In January 1922 he was appointed to act as Prime-Minister. In March 1922 he received the First Class Wenfu. In June 1922 he was appointed Acting Prime-Minister, temporarily holding the portfolio of Foreign Affaire. In August 1922 he was relieved of both of these posts. In August 1923 he was appointed President of the Financial Reorganization Commission. In January 1924 he entered the Cabinet again as Minister of ' Agriculture and Commerce- In April 1924 he became President of the Chinese Red Cross Society. In September 1924 he was appointed Prime Minister and concurrently Min- ister of the Interior.
9.36
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. Yen Te-ching
|g m g ^ ^ i;
Dr. Yen Te-ch'ing, better known as Strong Yen, was born at Shanghai in 1878. He studied at the Anglo-Chinese School. Shanghai, during 1889- 93; at the Tung Wen College, Shanghai, during 1893-95; at St. Xaviers' School, Shanghai, during 1895-96. He went to America by way of Europe in 1896 to study with private support. From 1896 to 1898 he prepared for College at Episcopal High School, Virginia. He studied Engineering at the University of Virginia, 1898-99; and at Lehigh University, 1899-1901, graduating from it with the degree of C. E. in 1901, being the first Chinese graduate from that institution. He was awarded a gold medal for excel- lence in mathematics in 1898. He was member of the Mandalin Club, 1899-1901 and was with Min. R. R. and Mining Company, in the summer of 1900 and with the American Bridge Company and Pencoyd Steel Works, 1901-02. Dr. Yen returned to China in July 1902. From 1902 to 1904, he was connected with the Canton-Hankow Railway successively serving as assistant engineer, superintendent of grading, assistant district engineer and resident engineer. In 1904 Sheng Kung-pao who was then the dir- ector-general of Railways appointed him consulting engineering of the Imperial Railway Administration, Shanghai. In 1905 he joined the Shanghai- Nanking Railway as assistant engineer for the Chinkiang-Nanking Section.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 937
Shortly afterwards, in 1905, Viceroy Yuan Shih-kai transferred him to the north for the construction of the Peking-Kalgan Railway. At first he was resident engineer of the railway and afterward a district . engineer. He was in charge of the difficult portion of the line which passes through the famous Nankow Pass. Four tunnels, the longest of which was over 3,000 feet, and passed for a length of over 100 feet under the Great Wall at Pataling, were built under his direction. In 1906 ,after passing the Im- perial Examinations for Returned Students, he was awarded by Edict the degree of Doctor of Engineering. In the spring of 1909, he was sent to inspect railways in Kiangsi and Anhwei, after the inspection of which he proceeded to Ichang as assistant chief engineer of the Szechuen railway. The work on that railway was stopped by the First Revolution in 1911. In the spring of 1912, Dr. Yen was appointed director of the Ra,ibvay Department in the Provisional government at Nanking. When the Ministry of Communications was regularly organized in Peking in May 1912, he became Councillor of the Ministry. From July 1912 to January 1922 he held the post of managing director of the Canton-Hankow Railway, Hupei- Hunan Section. From 1919 to 1922 he was also in charge of the Han-I and I-Kuei sections of the Szechuan-Hankow Railway. From April to July 1919, he was detailed by the government to be Chinese representative on the Innter-Allied Technical Board. During his connection with that Board he made a tour of inspection from Harbin westward to Perm, beyond the Ural Mountains, in Russia. He was given the Second Class Tashou Chiaho in April 1920 and the Second Class Wenfu in October 1920:. In November 1920 he was made a member of the Railway Finance Commission. In January 1921 Dr. Yen left China on an official trip touring America and Europe to study the latest improvements in railway construction and operation with the object of adopting them in China. In September 1921 he was appointed Special Technical Expert of the Chinese Delegation to the Washington Conference. In January 1922 he was appointed Associate Director-General of the Harkow-Canton-Szechuan Railway. In February 1922 he was given the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho. In March 1922 he was made a member of the Commission on Communication interests in con- nection with the Shantung negotiation. In June 1922 he was awarded the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho and also appointed Acting Councillor of the Ministry of Communications. In the same month he was detailed to be chairman of the Second Committee of the Sino-Japanese Joint Confer- ence on Shantung Affairs. In July 1922 he received another concurrent position as member of the National Finance Discussion Commission and later was promoted to be the technical director of the Ministry of Com- munications. In September 1922 he was ordered to be concurrently the Superintendent of the Bureau of the compilation of China's Communication History. In January 1923 he was given the First Class Tashou Chiaho. Dr. Yen is a charter member of the Chinese Institute of Engineers of which he was vice-president. 1915; director, 1916-1920; vice-president, president, 1923-1924. He was dircetor of the Association of Chinese and American Engineers, 1920-1921; president, 1921-1923.
938
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Marshal Yin Chang
Marshal Yin Chang was born in 1860 from a family belong-ing to the Plain White Banner Division of the Manchu Military organization. He was a student of the Kuo-Tzu-Chien or the Imperial Academy of Learning-. Actually he received his education at the Tung Wen College, Peking. In 1877 he was sent to Germany aa an attache of the Chinese Legation at Berlin. During his stay in Germany he studied military science and subsequently married a German wife. In 1884 he returned to China. In 1885 he assisted in the Naval Academy at Nanking. In 1895 Yuan Shih-kai started his modern troop training at Hsiao Chan. Marshal Yin was one of the teachers for the training schools. The late President Feng Kuo-chang was a student under his direction. Afterwards he became a Taotai. For sometime he was a Deputy Lieutenant-General commanding Banner Garrison in certain provinces. After the Boxer Trouble, he assisted in the negotiations with
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 939
the Allied powers which resulted in the signing of the 1901 Protocol at Tientsin. In 1910 Marshal Yin Chang accompanied Prince Ch'un to (Jer- raany with the special mission to convey China's regret for the murder of von Ketler in Peking during the Boxer Rising. In August 1901 he was appointed Chinese Minister to Berlin and therefore did not retrun to China with the Prince. In December 1904 his appointment was renewed. In 1905 he was recalled. At the end of that year he was app-ointed director of the Nobles' College, Peking. In September 1906 he l>ecame Provincial Commander-in-Chief in Kiangpei, and two months later, was vice-president of the Army Board. In September 1908, he was appointed Minister to Germany for the second time, but he did not proceed to Germany at once on account of the autumn manoeuvres in Anhwei in November, of which he was Inspector-General. In the spring of 1909 he went to his post*. A year later he was recalled, and was app-ointed in March 1910, acting pre-i sident of tihe Board of War. In August 1910 he became Inspector-Gen-eral of all the army divisions stationed in the vicinity of Peking. Four months afterwards, he was given the portfolio of war in Prince Ching's Cabinet. In March of 1911 he received the brevet rank of full General. On thp outbreak of the first revolution at Wuchang in October 1911, Marshal Yin was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial Forces, and sent to Hupeh to cope with the situation. He was, however, recalled as soon as he had reached the front together with his troops at the request of the late President Yuan Shih-kai who was then Prime Minister and did not wish to attack the southern forces. Upon his return to Peking he was appointed Chief of the General Staff in place of Prince Tsai Tao in November, from which post he subsequently resigned. It was subsequently speculated that had Marshal Yin Chang been allowed to remain in Hupeh. the reA^'olution might not have proved a success. After the establishment of the Republic, he retired for a <wh\\e. Later he was made a Full General and appointed by Yuan Shih-kai as Chief Military Aide-de-Camp to the President. In May 1914 he was appointed a member of State Council. In December 1917 he became Chief of General Staff. Later he became director of the Gen- eralissimo's Office, which office he held for a short time. In January 1919 he was again appointed Chief Military Aide-de-Camp of the Presidential Office which position he held until 1924, In February 1920 he was ap- pointed to hold concurrently the post of Chief of General Staff. In October 1922 he was awarded the First Order of Merit. In October 1923 he was made a Shan Chiangchun or Marshal with "Chang Wei" as his special title.
940
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Yu Ch'i-ch'ang
^ ui g -ji ^ ra
Mr, Yu Ch'i-ch'ang was born at Shao-hsing Hsien, Chekiang province, in 1882. In the Ching Dynasty he graduated from the Ke Tzu Chien, the Imperial Academy of Learning. In 1902 Mr. Yu was admitted to study in the Civil Service Department (Shih Hsueh Kuan) of the Peking Imperial University. In the same year he was selected to be sent to Japan to pureue higher education. In 1911 Mr. Yu graduated with the degree of LL.B.. from the Japanese Imperial University, Tokyo. Upon his return to China he was made an Expectant Junior Secretary of the Imperial Board of Treasury. Later he became an Assistant Compiler of the Bureau of Laws
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 941
in the Imperial Cabinet. In 1912, the First Year of the Republic, Mr. Yu was appointed a Councillor of the Bureau of Laws in the Cabinet. From February to December 1913, he was concurrently Dean of the Department of Law and Commerce of the Peking Government University. In December 1913 Mr. Yu was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court. In 1915 he was appointed to be concurrently a Judge of the Civil Service Court. In December 1917 he became Chief Justice of the Second Civil Case Depart- ment of the Supreme Court. In 1918 Mr. Yu was appointed to be concur- rently the Senior Councillor to the High Prize. In recbg'njtion of the services he rendered in this connection he was awarded the Second Class Wenhu Decoration in November 1918. In January 1919 Mr. Yu was given the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho Decoration. In March 1919 he was ap- pointed Judge of the Judicial Service Court. In January 1920 Mr. Yu was awarded the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho and in March 1920 the First Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration. In November 1920 he resigned from the post of Department Chief of the Supreme Court to become Chief of the Government Institute of Judicial Training and also Advisor to the Law Codification Commission. In March 1922 Mr. Yu was again appointed Dep- artmental Chief of the Supreme Court. In June he was made a Member of the Judicial Service Commission. In September he was appointed to act for the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. In February 1923 Mr. Yu was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. In March he received a concurrent post as Chief Judge of the Judicial Service Court. In April 1923 he received the First Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho Decoration.
^
942
WHO S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. L. C. Yu
(Yu Chih-chin)
Mr. Yu Ln-chiang, was -born at Huichow, Anhui, in 1847. Up to his 13th year, he was a refugee at eleven different places on account of the Taiping Rebellion. When 13 years old he went to Kiangsi to be an apprentice in a piece goods shop. The following year, he came to Shang- hai to join an oil factory in Pootung, which calling did not, however, prove to be attractive enough for him and he came to the Settlement to serve as accountant for a piece goods shop and later for a pawn shop. In 1871. Mr. Yu became manager of the Fan An Pawn Ship on Nanking and Chihli Roads, of which he remains the active head today. Besides this, he con- trols three other big pawn shops in Shanghai: The Fan Kong, Jen Dah and Chi Chang. In spite of his age, Mr. Yu is still very active. Although limited in his educational qualifications during childhood, he has an ardent desire for culture, being intensively interested in art and calligraphy. Some of his drawings and writings are much prized by his friends. In 1920, upon the request of his friends, Mr. Yu compiled a book on his life.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 943
He takes a great interest, among other things, in the conservancy of the Hwai River which has such vital effect upon the prosperity of Anhui. For this reason, he sent his youngest son, M. T. Y'u, a graduate from the Tangshan Engineering College, to Europe and America in 1923 to make a special study of waterway conservancy in foreign countries. Besides scholarly discussions on the necessity of the Hwai River Conservancy, Mr. Yu's book discusses Morality and Militarism as well as the need of Self- Determination in China. Mr. Yu is chairman of the Chinese Pawn Brokers' Guild, Shanghai, and director of the Anhui Provincial Guild, Shanghai.
^
944
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Yu Jen-feng
Mr. Yu Jen-feng was born at Tientsin, in 1872. He was graduated from the Railway Department of the Peiyang Military Academy. After hie graduation he joined the Peking-Mukden Railway as an assistant engineer. Later he was promoted to be a sectional engineer of the Peking-Suiyuan railway, and concurrently acted as traffic manager of it. Then he was transferred to the Canton-Hankow railway. At first he was assistant engineer and later became engineer of the line. From the Canton-Hankow line he was transferred to the Tientsin-Pukow railway where he became assistant managing director. In 1912 Mr. Yu became a Principal Tech- nical Expert in the Railway Department of the Ministry of Communications, in charge of a Section. Later he was appointed traffic manager of the
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 945
Peking-Kalgan and al?) Kalgan-Suiyuan railways. In July 1915 he be- came managing director of the Peking-Hankow Railway. After his resig- nation from the Peking-Hankow Railway he became a director of the Pufclic Works Department of the Metropolitan Mui^pal Administration. In June 1917 he was awarded the Third (!lass Wl]^v In August 1917 he was appoint-ed again as a Principal Technic-al Expert^«tif the Ministry of Com- munications. Later he became concurrently President of the Railway Ad- ministration College, Peking. While in the Ministry he was also a member of the organization committee of the North-West Motor Traffic Service; chairman of the organization committee of the Tsangchow-Shihchiachuang Railway. From December 1918 to February 1919 Mr. Yu was associate managing director and also chief engineer of the Tientsin- Pukow^ Railway. In March 1919 he Avas awarded the Third Class Wenfu. In June 1919 he was appointed Vice-Chairman of the Commission on Railway Technics. In February 1920 he received the Third Class Chiaho. In July 1920 he was appointed managing director of the Peking-Hankow Railway. He was commissioned to be member of the following committees. On Famine Re- lief in September 1920; on Ra Iway Finance in November 1920; on Railway Sanitation in January 1921; on Railway Locations in February 1921 and on Communication Interests in connection with the Rehabilitation of Shantung in February 1921. He received the Second Class Chiaho in November 1920 andtheiSecondCla.ss Wenfu in March 1922. In April 1922 he was appointed associate director-general of the Chinese Eastern ^t^iy^-ay Administration, Harbin. This position he is still holding.
^
946
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Dr. David Z. T. Yui
^ B # ^ a ^
(Yu Jih-chang)
Dr. David Z. T. Yui was born in Wuchang, Hupeh province, 1882 of Christian parents, his father the Rev.W. C. Yui being pastor of the Chung Hua Sheng Kung Hui for nearly forty years and is still in active service in Wuchang. His mother was formerly a teacher in St. Hilda's School in the same city. Dr. Yui's early education was in preparation for the Im- perial Examinations but in 1895 he entered the Boone School for instruction in English and modern subjects. In 1900 he entered St. John's University and was graduated in 1905. The autumn of the same year he joined the faculty of Boone . University and achieved special merit through the or- ganization of courses in military drill, a fife and drum corps, student
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
947
Salvation Army, and published the first college magazine in the Chinese language. He helped organize athletics and raised the initial money for the construction of a gymna.-iium. In the autumn of 1908 through the as- sistance of the Rt. Rev. L. H. Roots, D. D., Dr. Yui entereQ Harvard University and specialized in education. He was graduated in two years receiving the M. A. degree and won the Bowdoin prize with an essay on the schools of old China the award consisting of a bronze medal, a certi-t ficate and the sum of G. •'*200. From September to December 1910 he served as associate secretary of the Chinese Students' Christian Association of North America and traveled extensively among the students in the United States. In 1911 he returned to China and was appointed to the headmastership of the preparatory department of Boone University and while there started the first summer school in China. When the Revolution broke out he assisted in the organization of the Red Cross Society in Wu- han and was its first English secretary. In January 1912 he was appointed director of foreign affairs in 'Hankow and also served as secretary to General Li Yuan-hung then vice-president of China. During this year he attended the first national education conference held in Peking, and later became associate editor of the Peking Daily News. In January 1913 he was ap- pointed head of the lecture department of the Y. M. C. A. and in May of that year attended the eighth conference of the World's Student Christian F'ederation at Lake Mohonk, N. Y. He then traveled in Great Britain, Germany and Russia among the Chinese students in those lands. In 1915 he served as secretary of the Commercial Commission to the United States. In 1916 he succeeded Dr. C. T. Wang as general secretary of the national committee of the Y.M.C. A. and is still holding the position. He attended in 1919 the conference of Y. M. C. A. secretaries in New York and in 1921 served as a "people's delegate" to the Washington Conference. He has served 'as a member of the Chinese Ratepayers' advisory committee to the Shanghai municipality. After the close of the Washington Conference he served as secretary of the society organized to redeem the Shantung Railway. In 1921 he was awarded the honorary degree of Litt. D. by St. John's University and in 1923 served as chairman of the National Christian Council. In the spring of 1924 he Went to America as the guest of the International Committee of the Y'. M. C. A. for a year's leave of absence in the United States. Mr. Yui returned to China early in 1925.
948
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. C. C. Yu
(Yu Nan-chiu)
Mr. C. C. Yu was born at Changsha, Hunan Province, in 1897. He studied at Yale-in-China for two years, 1912-13, and then went to Tsing Hua College. In 1914 he went to the United States on an Indemnity Fund scholarshig. While in the States, he studied at Phillips Academy for four years, from 1914 to 1918, and then went to the University of Illinois, specializing in Political Science. He received an A. B. degree in 1921. and returned to China in that summer. While in America, he was editor of Young China, associate editor of the Ch*mese Students' Month- ly, and contributed a number of articles to the Chicago Trii)une, Springfield Republican, Daily Illini, etc. He was chairman of the Mid- West Section of the Chinese Students' Alliance; and spoke to many organizations in the state of Illinois on the Shantung question when that; was the discussion of the day. On his return to China, Mr. Yu taught in the China National Institute, becoming head of the English Department.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 949
in the Kiangsu Provincial Commercial College in 1922; waa professor of the School of Commerce, National Southeastern University, 1921-2; pro- fessor of Business Literature of China Institute; professor Fuh Tan Uni- versity from 1922 and the Dean of the Scht)ol of Arts in Fuh Tan University in 1923. He is still holding this position. He founded Hua Hua Academy in Shanghai in 1923. His lit?i-ary works consist of: "International Re- lationship Between America, Japan, and China", "A Guide Composition for Chinese Students". "Public Sp?aking" and a two-act play . entitled "China: Past and Present." Mr. Yu is a member of the China Society of America; of the Far Eastern Society of Illinois; the Moody Club; the Publicity Bur- eau of Illinois; and of the Cosmopolitan Club.
^
950
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Yu Pao-hsien
^mf 'f' .f. m
Mr. Yu Pao-hsien was born at Kiang-tu Hsien, Kiangsu province, in 1875. He spent his early years in Szechwan, where his father was a prefect. At first he studied Chinese under teachers of the old school, but his yearn- ing for foreign learning was so strong that he finally went to the Inter- national Institute to study English and other subjects. Later he went to Japan for his higher education. After the Boxer trouble in 1900, Mr. Yu returned to China, and first joined the Department of Police in Peking under the Tsing Dynasty. Subsequently he was transferred to the Ministry of the Interior in recognition of his useful services. He was appointed Senior Clerk and acted concurrently as a member of the Bureau of Constitutional
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 951
Reform. On the establishment of the Republic, Mr. Yu was appointed Chief of the Statistical Bureau and division Chief of the Police Department Ministry of Interior. He was later transferred to the Civil Service De- partment, of which he was Chief. In the first year of the Republic he was also elected an expectant member of the Senate, and became Senator in 1916 upon the restoration of Parliament, w'hich had been previously dissolved by Yuan Shih-kai's order. Upon the second dissolution of the Parliament in 1917, Mr. Y'u was appointed Secretary to the Minister of Communications. In December 1917 Mr. Yu was appointed Vice-Minister of the Interior. He became concurrently in February 1918, Chief of the Parliamental Election Bureau under the Anfu Ministry, He assisted in combating- the plague which broke out in Shansi and its neighborhood in the spring of 1918. In December 1918 he was awarded the Second Class Wenfu and in May 1919 the First Class Tashou Chiaho. On June 13, 1919 he was ordered to act for the Minister of the Interior. Three days later, however, he was relieved of the Vice-Ministership and also of the post of Chief of the Election Bureau. In August 1920 he was appointed Associate Director General of the Government Economic Investigation Bureau. In July 1922 he was ordered' to act as Director-General of the Bureau. In September 1923 he was appointed Special Member of the Financial Re- organization Commission.
^
952
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Yu Shao>sung
^ IB * '^ «! S
Mr. Yu Shao-sung was born at Lung-yu Hsien, Chekiang province, in 1886. He was graduated from the Law College of Tokyo, Japan. Upon his return to China and passing the Imperial Examination for returned students, he was made a Chu-jen in Law. In May 1911, shortly aft«r his return, he was iappointed a junior secretary of the Board of Foreign Affairs. In April 1912 he became dean of the Government Law College dn Chekiang. In .lune 1913 he returned to Peking accepting the post of a secretary of the House of Representatives of the First Parliament, later
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
953
occassionally acting for the Chief Secretary. In October 1913, Mr. Yu was appointed a Senior Secretary of the Ministry of Justice A month later he was promoted to be a councillor of the Ministry. In December 1913 he was commissioned to be a member of the Commission for the Punishment of High Officials and also appointed a member of the Political Council created by Yuan Shih-kai after the dissolution of the First Parliament. In January 1914 he received another concurrent position as member of the Civil Service Commission. In May 1914 he joined the President's Office as a secretary. In March 1915 Mr. Yu was ordered to take charge of the work of translating laws from foreign languages into Chinese. In December 1915 he was chief compiler of law procedures. 'In the meantime he was still holding* the post of councillor of the Ministry of Justice. In January 1918 he was appointed an examiner of the Judicial Service Commission. In June 1918 he was sent to Honan to make a careful inve;?tigation of the condition of the prisons in that prov- ince. In September 1918 he was awarded the Second Class Chiaho and in October 1918 the Third Class Wenfu decoration. In March 1919 Mr. Yu was appointed a councillor of the bureau in charge of the enemy proper- ties, Peking. In Jauary 1920 he received two decorations, the Second Class Wenfu and the Second Class Tashou Chiaho. In October 1920 he was appointed in the capacity of a councillor to act as Vice-Minister of Justice. In the same month he was made a member of the Judicial Commission for the Chinese Eastern Railway. In February 1921 Mr. Yu was awarded the Second Class Paokuang Chiaho and also Chief Examiner .of the Judicial Service Commission. In March 1921 he was appointed Acting Vice-Min- ister of Justice which position he held until December 1921 when he was awarded the Second Class Tashou Paokuang Chiaho. He was appo-inted Director of the Law Codifiication Commission, in January 1922 but he did not accept this appointment of which he was officially relieved at the end of that month.
954
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Yu Ya-ching
Mr. Yu Ya-ching, president of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce of Shanghai, and in February 1925 appointed Associate Go|y- ernor of the Shanghai- Woosung Administrative District, was bom at the town of Chinghai, near Ningpo, Chlekian'g province. He is s;ixty j'ears of age and most of his life has been spent in Shanghai whe're he has • come to be regarded as one of the most prominent merchants and public- spirited citizens of the city. Prior to his election to the Chairmanship of the Chinese General Chamber, he served as a member of the Executdve Committee of that body for some fifteen years. Among his business con- nections are the managing direclareliip of the San Peh Steam Navigation Company, Shanghai Chinese Produce Exchange and a number of other com- panies. He has always been interested in public and philanthropic enter- prises and in the civil wars about Shanghai beginning in September, 1924 he was active in promoting compromises among the warring elements
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA 955
and in obtaining the consent of the Central government for a neutralization of the Shanghai area and finally in the decision of the government to dis- mantle the Shanghai Arsenal and the Woosung forts. He also took the lead in the repatriation of Chinese soldiers belonging t<i various defeated armies in the territory about Shanghai.
^
956
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Mr. Yu Ying-vong
(Yu Ying-wang)
Mr. Yu Ying-vong was born Shan-hsing, Chekiang province, in 1877. He is a graduate of the National University of Law and Politics. After having served for a number of years as Chief of the Shanghai District ("ourt, he was appointed first associate magistrate of the International Mixed Court of Shanghai in 1915. Besides holding his post in the Mixed Court, Mr. Yu is advisor to the Military and Civil Governor of Chekiiang and Kiangsu, advisor to the Defence Commissioner of Shanghai. He yvas awarded by the Peking government the Second Class Chiaho in .Ianuar.v 1920; the Third Class Paokuang Chiaho in May 1920; the Second Class Tashou Chiaho in February 1921; and the Second Class Tashou Paokuang: Chiaho in February 1922. He is wearer of a decofation from the King of Italy. He has also received the highest gold medal from the Ministry of Justice, Peking.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
957
Mr> Yuan Hsi-t'ao
Mr. Yuan Hsi-t'ao was born at Pao-shan Hsien, Kiangsu province, in 1867. He became a Provincial Graduate in 1897. He taught in the College of Modern Languages, Shanghai. In 1904, he helped in the founding of the Lung-men Xornval College, Shanghai, of which he was for sometime a professor. In 1907 he became the president of that college and at the same time he w'as appointed a councillor of the Educational Bureau of Kiangsu. In 1909 he was made Chief Executive Secretary of the Educational Bureau of Chihli. In 1912 Mr. Yuan became a department chief of the Ministry of Educational Inspector for the whole country under the same Ministry. In 1914 he resigned from the Ministry of Education and then made a tour throughout the different provinces to investigate educational conditions of his own accord. In October 1915 he
958 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
was appointed Vice-Minister of Education. He resigned from this post in June 1916 but was again appointed to it in August 1916. In May 1919 "he was ordered to act as Minister of Education. In June 1919 he resigned from the Ministry of Education in consequence of his failure to quiet down the students movement against the pro-Japanese officials in the government service and also again.st Japan's aggression in China in general. After his resignation he went abroad for travel and study. He returned to China in 1923 and has been since that time devoting himself to educational works of this country, being the leading member of the several educational associations.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
959
Mr. Hew Fan Un
(Yuan Hsiao-fan)
Mr. H. F. Un was born in Penang, Straits Settlements in 1881. He received a primary education bj"^ private tuition and his elementary educa- tion in the Penang Free School. He began his banking career with British banks in the year 1897 and for several years was given the opportunity of handling and studying every kind of banking business. At one time he was also engaged in mercantile business for several years. Due to his wide experience in banking and commerce he was invited to join the Bank of Canton Ltd. in Hongkong in 1918 as an officer of the foreign department, in which capacity he served until his appointment as agent of the bank in New York in 1922; when its New York agency was established. Mr. Un takes a keen interest in' sports, chiefly in tennis, cricket and
960 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
swimming. He is a member of the Hongkong Chinese Recreation Club. He was its Honoraiy Secretary for nine years and he served as vice-president of the Hongkong Amateur Athletic Federation for one term. He is a member of the Chinese Club of Hongkong and served on its Committee for several terms. During the European War he served in the Hongkong Police Reserve Force, in which he was an Inspector, and was awarded a modal silver bar for raeritorous services.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
961
Mr. L. T. Yuan
(Yuan Li-tun)
Mr. L. T. Yuan was born at Ningpo, Chekiang province, in 1879 from a very humble family. He had to struggle very hard to obtain his educa- tion which he began in a mission school in his native place at an earh"! age. After making excellent records while receiving his preliminary ed- ucation, he was supported and sent by the United Methodist Mission of Ningpo to St. John's University, Shanghai, where he was graduated- in the year 1904. He then returned to Ningpo to serve the above-mentioned Mission as the vice-principal and Head Master in the English Methodist' College and residing Pastor of one of the chapels of the Mission for a period of eight years. During the first revolution Mr. Yuan was appointed by the Military government of Ningpo as the deputy chief of Foreign Affairs
962 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
and Communications. In 1912, he joined the staff of the Hankow-Canton- Szechuen Railway which position he resigned shortly before the second revolution. Then he joined the Commercial Press of Shanghai, ^ince 1914 he has devoted his time partly to commercial interests and partly to public welfare of the country. He was invited by the board of directors of the Ningpo-Shaohsing Steam Navigation Co. Ltd. of Shanghai in the autumn of 1921 to succeed Y. J. Zah, as the general manager of the com- pany. Besides his regular work, Mr. Yuan is serving as director of the following public bodies of Shanghai : General Chamber of Commerce, the Ningpo Association, the Young Men's Christian Association, the World's Students Federation, the Chinese and Foreign Famine Relief Committee, the Chinese Anti-Kidnapping Society, and the Chinese Rate-Payers' As- sociation.' In the fall of 1923 he was elected to serve as a member of the Chinese Advisory Committee of the Shanghai Municipal Council.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
963
General Yuan Tsu-ming
General Yuan Tsu-ming was born at Antung, Kweichow, in 1889. His early training in his own province fitted him to enter the Military Middle School at Wuchang. After graduating, he went to the Military College at Paoting in Chihli. After a few months there he was obliged to return to Kweichow because of the death of his mother. This being the year of the Revolution (1911) he w^s not able to return to Paoting. The First Year of the Republic 3aw him with a commission in his own province, since which time he has had his second training in the field, advanding rapidly through all the ranks. He was a Major in 1914, a Colonel in 1915, and became a Brigadier-General in 1916, when he first came to Szechwan at which time Kwteichow was under the control of General Tai Kan who tried
964 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
to hold Szechwan against Peking. General Yuan was attached to Tai Kan and it was necessary for him to take Chungking. After the flight of Liu Tssn Hou he went on to Chengtu. Subsequently he changed his allegiance and in 1920 he was given Conim'and of the Kweichow troops operating in Szechwan, with rank as' a General of Division. In 1922 General Yuan was able to return to Kweichow for a short time and was made the General- issimo and Civil Governor of Kweichow, which position he held for about one year. When he found it necessary to retire he returned to Szechwaji in 1923. Attaching himself with energy to the Northern cause he was given the control of the military organization known as the Allied Forces for the Relief of Szechwan. This position he assumed at Wanhsien in Nov- ember. With his allies he swept back to Chungking; and then on to Chengtu. Nor did. he stop till he had driven all the rebel forces from the province. At this time General Yuan was in supreme command of the military operations. Since his great victory General Yuan has been making plans to return to Kweichow. To do so he will find it necessary to fight his way. After a period of sick leave he w^s made the General of the 34th National Division. He is also the director for the Defience of the Szechwan-Kwfeichow frontier. There are at present 20,000 troops in and around Chungking, belonging to that command. General Yuan is in appearance and manner a typical soldier. He has been given' many decorations such as Peking showers on her favored sons, in 1923 the rank of Marshal. His title is Hung Wei Tsiang Chun. In his present position he is looked to as one of those who will have much to do with, the future of Southwestern China. Whether it is necessary for him to force his way or not, he is expected to carry the banner of Unification to Kweiohow and Yunnan.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
965
Mr. J. Jientsu Yuan
(Yuan Yuan)
John Jientsu Yuan is a native of Shangyu, Shaoshing, though born at Shanghai in the year 1884. His father, Yuan Chung-chow, a scholar, thirty years ago promoted and was the first manager of the Sin ^ Wan Pao. His grandfather, the well-known Yuan Kiu-ling, was a very prominent merchant during the latter half of the 19th century. Mr. Yuan was educated in Tung Wen college. After graduation, he acted as an assistant of his teacher, Charles Budd, for half a year, and then, at the age of twenty, he joined the insurance department of Jardine, Matheson & Company, Ltd.; as a clerk. The next winter he went to Hankow as managing proprietor of Cent Kee
966 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Cotton Company and at the same time took charge of the transp'ortatio-n business of Jardine, Maitheson & Co., along the Yangtze River. In 1911 he went to Chungking and took up the position of Chinese shipping' superintendent of Jardine, Matheson & Co., in Szechuen. Jardine having no foreign staff then at Szechuen, he acted as theii- sole representative. That same year, revolution broke out in China and h^ was entrusted by he British Consul, Mr. Brown, to arrange for vessels to send all foreign re- sidents at Chungking and Chengtu down to Ichang. In 1912 he returned to Hankow. In 1913, Mr. Yuan's father died; so he had to come back to .Shanghai. The next year he was elected to serve on the committee of the Transportation Companies' Guild. In 1916, he promoted the Tuh Yu Steamship Company, Ltd., with a capital of $170,000. ' In 1918 he was elected to the committee of the Shaoshing Guild. In 1920, he went to Hankow on business, and during a short Kt:iy there, he completed the or- ganization yoi the Hankow Branch of the Shaoshing Guild. In June of the same year, with Dr. C. T. Wang and Sung Han-chang organized the Chinese Ratepayers' Association. He was elected as one of the directors. In .the winter he organized the Y^angtze Gorge Steam Navigation Company (caoital .fl50,000), of which he was elected a director. In the spring of 1921, he promoted and organized the Central Trust Company (capital three million dollars) and was appointed vice-president. In order to concentrate all his attention on the development and welfare of the latter company, Mr. Yuan has now given up all his other positions and is now devoting all his time to the Central Trust Co. It is through his and the president of the company, Mr. Yen's, energetic management, that the Central Trust Company has gained its wide and deserved fame and credit. That ^ame year he was lalso elected director of the Kofa Aereated Water Company (capital $150,000). In 19,22 he vras appointed chairman of the business committee of the Chinese and Foreign Famine Relief Society for the Chek- kiang Famine Relief fund. He obtained for the society a total subscrip- tion of $1,009,252 with an expense of only $4,896.28. This same year he was also elected business director of the Chinese Ratepayers' Association and a member of the Arbitration Board of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce.
t^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
967
Mr. S. C. Chang
# ± m
The New Minister of Education, concurrently Minister of Justice, M.r. S. C. Chang', is a rtturned student from Japan and England, and an emin- ent scholar of today. He pursued his studies in Japan for quite a number of years, where he became a revolutionist, and then he went to study in England where he majored in politics and law. After the revolution of 1911, he devoted most of his time to literary work and edited the famous magazine named The Tiger. When he returned, he entered the political circle and distinguished himself as one of the prominent politicians and statesmen of China. He worked hard to bring about the union of the North and the South, and so, when in 1919 the Shanghai Peace Conference
968 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
took place, he was one of the delegates of the South. After the failure of the Conference, and the break-up of the Southern government, he tock the opportunity again to study in Europe, mainly in England, Germany and France, being appointed by the government to be special delegate to in- vestigate education in Europe. In 1922 he came back to China, and being a staunch advocate of the doctrine of the salvation of China through agricul- ture, \va.'; apjwinted President of the Peking National College of Agriculture. As he opposed the illegal prtesidential election through bribery, he left the Peking government and again devoted his time to literary work in Shang- hai. When the coup d'etal of last October took place, he came to Peking again to assume the post of Minister of Justice. As he is a profound scholar, he is now concurrently Acting Minister of Education. He plans to devote his time in the future to education. It is, therefore, expected that under his able ministership a new regime in order and discipline will be inaugurated throughout the Chinese educational world.
^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
969
General Chiang Teng-sien
m s 21
General Chiang Teng-SLen is a native of Chihli, North China. He was born in the district of Nan-Kung Hsien in the province of Chihli. His early years were spent in the family school of his villagie under a priviate tutor. At th€ age of 16 he was admitted to the public high middle school of his district and at the age of 20 he received the first Chinese literary degree (A. B.) by competitive examinations. He entered in the following year into the Lien-Chiu College in his province to further his literiary education. At the age of 22 he went to Japan, and first joined Tung Wen and next Chen-Wu.. From the latter he was transferred to the department of General Staff in Tokio and registered in the surveyor's course. After the completion of his course he joined the Japanese special military training school for officers until he graduated there. Almost immediatedly after his re-
970 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
turn to China in the 34th year of Kwan-Hsu (1908 and at that time he was just 28 years old) he went to Szechuen at the request of the then Viceroy Shao .R-sun who had a high admiration of his training as a soldier. He was then entrusted with the work in building up a n'ew army fo,r the sard province, first in charge of the engineering division and the chief of the staff to the piiovincial Mixed Brigade. Later he was appointed as assist- ant director to the General Staff of the Supejrvision Bureau for military training and in the meantime he occupied the post as president of the preparatory , school of Army. At the time (1911) when the military govern- ment was established in Chengtu, Szechuen, General Chiang was made as head of the Department of the General Staff and in the winter of the same year he was transferred to the post as Commander-in-Chief of the Szechuen forces. Not till the Republic of China was fully established, he resigned his last mentioned post and returned to his native home. In the 2nd year of the Republic (1913) he went to Hai Lung Kiang and was appointed as chief of the staff to the then military governor Chiu Chin-Ian. In the fifth year (1916 he was asked by the Central government to go to Kwangtung to close up the Bureau of Military Affairs and to settle the disputes between the generals Lung Tsi-Kwan and Lo Yiong-Ding. Soon after this he was appointed as Commander-in-Chief of the forces at Chang-chow, near "Tiger Gate," the most important point in the Canton river in Kw":3ingt?un,g. In the fall of 1922, he joined the Mukden forces at Shankaikwan after the latter had been defeated by the Chihli troops. He immediatedly assumed the commandership in directing the Fengtien forces to withdraw from Shanhaikwan without incurring any more loss. As a result of h's being so acute as a military leader, he was immediately recognized and trusted by Marshal Chang. Before the end of that year, a Bureau for reorganising and re-equipping the armies of Three Eastern Provinces was established and General Chiang was made as chief assistant-supervisor with full power in the matters pertaining to the military nature, while Marshal Chang him- self was only a nominal supervisor of the said Bureau. It has been agreed by Peking and Mukden that General Chiang will soon come to Kiangsu to act as super-Commander of all the Fengtien troops in the south. It is hoped that no more trouble will occur between Kiangsu and Chekiang as he is highly respected by both Marshal Lu of Nanking and Governor Sun of Hangchow.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
971
Dr. Pan H. Lo
'» ?* » ^ 7? S
Dr. Pan H. Lo, a Cantonese, received his preliminary education at the Chinese Baptist Mission School in San Francisco, Cal., U. S. A.; later studied under private tutor at Queen's College, Hongkong, where he was graduated with the award of the Stewart scholarsh,ip for high proficiency in English. Joined Pei Yang University as instructor in English and mathe- matics in 1904. Entered Harvard University, Cambridge to study econ- omics and government in 1^06 and completed his work there for the A. B. degree in 1908. Joined the University of Chicago Law School in the fall of 1908 as a candidate for the J. D. degree and latar also enrolled in the political science department of the University as a candidate for the M. A. degree. Received both advanced degrees in 1911, being the first Chinese recipient of the degree of Juris Doctor in American universities. Dr. Lo's scholarship and high popularity with his American school-mates was shown
972 WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
in the honor of his being once elected president of his law class. Dr. Lo returned to China in the autumn of 1911 and joined the revtofutionary movement then in progress in Canton. He was placed in charge of foreign relations and also connected with the law drafting bureau. In the early part of 1912, a Presidential mandate appointed him as special commissioner of foreign affairs for Kwangtung province, which post he held till the end of the second revolution of 1913. After leaving politics Dr. Lo taught as professor of law and political science up to the summer of 1924, when he was employed as chief secretary to the Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo Railway administration. Dr. Lo is serving the Shanghai community as one of the five 'Chinese advisers elected to the International Municipal Council. He also takes much interest in the welfare of his fellow provincials in Shang- hai, being vice-chairman of the board of directors of the Cantonese guild and director of the Cantonese free schools and other educational and eleem- osynary institutions. His connection with the Comparative Law School of of. China, the law department of Soochow University, has been so long and continuous that every graduate of the school has had the benefit of his teaching as lecturer on the law of evidence.
^
J
Directory of American Returned Students
%^ felw fe^
The follozving list of names includes Chinese tnen and women who have attended colleges and universities in the United States under the auspices of Tsing Hua College, Peking.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
|
Name (in English) |
.Nanio ill (:hini>He |
Scholarship |
Hirth place |
Year of Birth |
ill LT.S.A. |
Courses Studied |
|
Au Chi-Wei |
IffiS-ft |
Scholarship of 1910 |
Kwang- tung |
1890 |
1910- 1917 |
Chemical Engine- ering Business |
|
*Bau,ToshuaMing-CIiieri Boggs, Hsifan F. |
Graduate of 1913 Graduate of 1913 |
ti^hekiang Chekiang |
1914- 1919 1913- 1917 |
Political Science Railway Adm. Political Adm. Political Economy & Finance |
||
|
Cha, Chien |
^ m |
Partial |
||||
|
*Cha, Liang-Chao |
±m\\ |
Graduate of 1917 |
Chekiang |
1918- 1922 |
Psychology and Education |
|
|
Chai, Chun-lyin |
^mm |
Scholarship of 1911 |
Kansu |
1911- 1915 |
Political Science |
|
|
Chang, Chuancin C. |
mmm |
scholarship of 1911 |
Fukien |
1911- 1915 |
Finance & Law |
|
|
Chang, Doen-Ting |
1914 |
Fukien |
1914- 1919 |
Physical Educa- tion and Lib. Arts |
||
|
*Chang, Fu-Liang |
SR^SBi |
Scholarship of 1909 |
Kiangsu |
1889 |
1909- 1915 |
Forestry, Land- scape Architecture Chinese Den- drology |
|
*Chang, Fu-Yiin |
mmm |
Scholarship of 1911 |
Shan- tung |
1890 |
1911- 1918 |
Economics Law & Political Science |
|
Chang, Hsin-Hai Chang. Ko-Chi. |
Graduate of 1918 Graduate of 1916 |
Chekiang Kiangsu |
1898 1897 |
1918- 1923 1916- 1922 |
Literature Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering |
|
|
♦Chang, K. F. |
m^^ |
Scho'arship of 1911 |
Kwang- tung |
1911- 1915 |
Mining & Metal- lurgy |
|
|
Chang, M. Y. |
^mn |
Scholarship of 1910 |
Chekiang |
1891 |
1910- 1916 |
Electrical Engine- ering |
|
*Chang, P. C. |
5g^# |
Scholarship of 1910 |
Chihli |
1892 |
1910- 1916 |
Education |
|
♦Chang, Paul H. |
m'nm |
Scholarship of 1910 |
Chekiang |
1885 |
1910- 1913 |
Mechanical Engin. Chemical Engin. |
|
Chang, Shao-Liang Chang, Shin-Hsing |
Graduate of 1913 Graduate of 1917 |
Kiangsu Kiangsi |
1895 |
1914- 1918 1917- 1922 |
Chemical Engine- ering Mechanical Engin. Sugar Engineering |
|
|
Chang, Ting-Chin |
»s& |
Scholarship of 1909 |
Kiangsu |
1890 |
1909- 1915 |
Electrical Engine- ering |
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
|
American |
degree |
|||
|
institutions attended |
obtiiiii- ed |
Past Occupation |
Present Occupation |
Present address |
|
Michigan |
B. Ch. |
^m^mWir |
Wen-Ivin Chinese Ink Manufac- |
|
|
Coh nbia |
E. A. M. |
turing Co., Tien-Tung An Rd, Shanghai. |
||
|
Colunioia |
Ph D. |
Professor in Peking National Noimal University, Peking. |
*«H^ Him 1^*3 |
|
|
Illinois |
B. A. |
Head of Transportation depart- |
Kaichow-'l sinan |
|
|
Columbia |
M. A. |
ment, Kaichow-Tsinan Railway. Tsingtau South-Eastern University, Nan- king. |
Railway, Tsingtau 14, Liang-ka- Yuan Peking |
|
|
Grinnell, |
Ph. B. |
Dean and Professor of Education |
||
|
Chicago |
M. A. |
in Peking National Normal Un- |
||
|
Columbia |
tiversity, Peking. |
|||
|
Wisconsin |
B. A. |
Professor in Peking |
(«fr ji#itra F>a ji«it !^#j» |
Jt^M^^M-t |
|
National University |
t^^HH^HIA |
9t |
||
|
and Peking National |
||||
|
Normal University, |
||||
|
Adviser of Chinese |
||||
|
Cabinet, Secretary of |
||||
|
Ministry of Education |
||||
|
Michigan |
B. A. |
Wai-Chiao-Pu, Peking |
||
|
Chicago |
M. A. T. D. |
|||
|
Wellesley |
B. A. |
Head of Physical Dep't. Peking High Normal College for Girls. Peking |
Instructor in English, AmoyUni- versity, Amoy |
|
|
Lawrance |
Ph. B. |
Head of Middle School, Yale |
Yale College, |
|
|
Yale. |
M. F. |
College, Changsha. |
Changsha |
|
|
Harvard |
||||
|
Harvard |
A. B. |
Head of Navigation |
President of the University of |
^M^0L'^f^-k |
|
LL.B. |
Bureau .Ministry of Communications. |
Communications. |
m26^ |
|
|
Harvard |
Lt. D. |
Professor of English Literature, |
||
|
Carnegie |
Tsing-Hua College, Peking, |
|||
|
B. S. |
||||
|
Institute. |
||||
|
M. I. t; |
||||
|
Lehigh Uni. |
E. M. |
Engineer Wah-Chang Mining Co., Changsha, |
Mining Engineer. Liu-Kiang Coal Mining Co., Ching-Wang-tao Chihli. |
■ |
|
Wisconsin. |
M. E. |
Professor in Nanking Conser- vancy College Nanking. |
||
|
Columbia |
Ph.D. |
Dean Tsing-Hua College, Peking |
||
|
Colifornia, |
B. Ch. |
Chemist. Hua-Kee |
Assistant Chief-Engineer, Sub- |
|
|
Michigan |
E. |
Hupeh Cement Work. |
Manager, Hua-Kee Hupeh Ce- ment Work, Tayeh |
|
|
Lehigh |
||||
|
University |
||||
|
Illinois Louisiana |
B. S. |
Mechanical Engineer Chinese Engineering and Devolopment |
12^ |
|
|
Co., 12 Via Ermanno Carlotto |
||||
|
Italian Concession, Tientsin. |
||||
|
Ohio State, |
E. E. |
Nanyang University, Shanghai. |
||
|
Harvard |
M.E.E. |
. WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Name (in English)
Name
lo Chinese
Scholarship
Birth place
Year of Birth
U.S.A.
Courses Studied
Chang, Ting-Yu
Chang, T. Chang, Tseng-Te Chang, Tso-Lin Chang, Tsu-H. Chang, Lan-Kao Chang, W. C. Chang, Yao-Chiang
Chang, Y. C. *Chang, Yuhan, T.
Chao, C.
Chao, En-Lang
Chao, Hsueh-Hai *Chao, Shih-Fu
Chao, Simie S.K. Chao, Wen-Jui
Chao, Richard Y. R.
Chen, Chang-Heng
Chen, Reigson, Chang- Tung Chen, Cheng-Sze
Chen, Chi
Chen, Chia-Hsin Chen, Chun
Chen, Chun j en C.
^ftHf
m^a
Graduate of 1917
Scholarsliin of 1909 ■ Graduate of
1921 Graduate of
1915 Partial
Graduate of
1918 Fellowship of 1918 Graduate of
1915
Partial
Graduate of 1913
Graduate of 1916
Shang- tung
Hupeh
Chihli
Chihli
Kiangsu
Chihli
Kiangsu
Hupeh
Anhwei Chihli
mjtn:
mstm
m ^
miswi
mnx
Graduate of 1919
Graduate of
1920 Graduate of
1914
Partial
Scholarship of 1911
Scholarship of 1910
Scholarship
of 1911 Graduate of
1919 Scholarship
of 1911
Graduate of
1916
Scholarship
of 1911 Graduate of 1916
Partial
Anhwei
Kiangsu Kiangsu
Chekiang
Kiangsu
Szechuen Fukien Fukien Fukien
Hunan Kiangsu
Chekiang
1894 1890
1897 1897
1890 1895
1898
1890
1892
1896
1891
1894
1918- 1922
1909- 1916
1918
1924
1918-
1922
1915-
1920
1913- 1919
1916- 1918 1918- 1920
In Europe
1919- 1922
1911- 1917
1910- 1918
1911-
1917
1919-
1924
1911-
1917
1916-
1921
1911 1916 1916- 1919
Mining & Geology
Chemistry Mining
Education
Mining and
Metallurgy
Mechanical
Engineering Textile Engine- ering Psychology
Chemical Engine- ering
Political Sc. and
Diplomacy
Metallurgy and Metallography
Organic Chemistry
Economics and
Commerce
Mechanical Engin. Electrical lirgin. Economics
Physics
Economics
Business Adm. Business Adm.
& Retailing Civil Engineering
SugarEngineering Electrical Engine- ering
Political Science. Economics
Railway Adm.
Agriculture
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
American
institutions
attended
degree
obUino
ed
Past Occupation
Present Occupation
Present address
Michigan
Mines Chicago M. I. T.
Miami
University Pittsburgh
Worcester P.I. Cornell Lowell
Textile Columbia
M. I. T. Columbia
Wesleyan
Lehigh
Harvard M. l.T Minnesota. Wisconsin Allegheny, N. Y. University LehighUniv,
Harvard, M. A Columbia
B. S. E. M.
S. B.
M. E.
B.r.E.
A. B. A. M.
B. S. M. S.
B. S.
B. S.
B. S, M. S, B. S.
M. E
Cornell, Harvard. Chicago, Califonia Harvard
Colorado N.Y. Univ. Cornell
Louisiana, Stanford
Columbia
Yale, Penn- sylvania
Cornell
Manager, Ih-Wah Co., Ltd. Shanghai.
A. B. Ph.D
A. B. B.B.A.
M.C.S. B.CE-
B. S. M. S.
B. A M. A
M. S
Professor Nanyang
University, Shanghai,
Peking Technical
College.
±mw\m^^^>mi\^&
South-Eastern University Nan- king.
Ministry of Communications, Peking.
Peking National University, Pe- king.
Engineer, Dah-Sung Weaving & Spinning Mill, Nantungchow.
Head of Education Dep't., Pe. king National Normal Univer sity, Peking
Manager, Great China Corpora- tion, 37B. Canton Rd. Shanghai
Wai-Chiao-Pu, Peking.
Hunan Institute of Technology, Changsha.
Professor of Chemistry, Tsing- Hua College, Peking
President, First Commercial College, Small South Gate, Shanghai.
Ministry of Finance; Professor, Gov't Law School, Peking.
Professor, Tsing Hua College Peking.
Salt Gabelle Administration, Pe- king.
Export Manager, Wah Chang Trading Corporation, Shanghai.
Shanghai — Nanking, Railway, Shanghai Office.
Yun-Loe Sodo Co., Tang Koo, Tientsin,
±mgm?8733a
*7tC^
154.3, Lien-Chu,
Li, Avenue Rd.
Shanghai
City Station, Shanghai-Hang- chow-Ningpo Railway, Hang- chow.
Professor of Biology, Tsing Hua College Peking
% Dr. M.F. Hu. University of Utopia Shang- hai
±mikW^MS
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Name (in IJnglish)
in Chinese
Scholarship
I'irth place
Yearofl in P.irth U.S.A.
Courses Studied
Chen, C. Y. Chen, Fei-Peng
Chen, Fu-Shi
Chen, Ho-Chin Chen, H. C. Chen, Hsi
Chen, Hueng Chen, jung-Ting Chen, King-Yao
Chen, Ko-Kwei Chen, Kun-Fan
Chen, Lan-Sun Chen, Ivi Chen, L. H. Chen, Li-Ting Chen, M. S- Chen, M. C. Chen, W. C. Chen, Phoo-Hua
Chen, Shao-Ching Chen, Shisan, C. Chen, Shao-Shun
Chen. Shih-Ching Chen, Sophia, H.
Chen, Ta Clien, Te-Fen
m 01
mitm
■k±
m^0.
Graduate of
1913 Graduate of
1919
Scholarship of 1910
Graduate of
1914 Junior of
1914 Graduate of
1918
Scholarship of 1909
Graduate of 1914
Scholarship of 1909
Graduate of
1918 Graduate of
1919
Partial
Graduate of
1918
1917
Graduate of 1913
Scholarship of 1911 Partial
Partial
Scholarship of 1911
Scholarship of 1909
Fellowship of 1919
Graduate of 1915
WSffM
Mfil^
Graduate of 1918 1914
Graduate of 1916
Scholarship of 1911
Kiangsu Hupeh
Fukien
Chekiang
Fukien
Fukien
Kwang- tung
Kwang- tung
Chekiang
Kiangsu Chekiang
Chekiang
Chekiang
Shan- tung Kiangsu
Kwang
tung Fukien
Kwang
tung Kiangsi
Fiikien
Kiangsu Kiangsu
Chekiang
Chekiang
1893 1892
1893
1897
1890
1896
1894
1892 1889
1897
1914- 1920 1919- 1922
1910- 1914
1914- 1922 1918- 1923
1909- 1915 1914- 1919
1918- 1923 1919 1923
191&-
1924
1911- 1918
1909-
1915
1919
1922
1915-
1922
1916- 1923
Mining
Education & Psy chology.
Mechanical Engi- neering.
Education
Political Economy
Banking
Chemical Engine- ering .Agriculture
Chemistry
Pharmacy,
Medicine. '
Economics & Bank-J ing
Electrical Engine- ering
Chemical i*^' Paper Engineering
History
Mechanical Engi- neering & Physics
Civil Engineering Hydraulic Engine ering
Railroad .'Admin- istration Biology
Agriculture
Textile Cheniisti.\
History and i.ittr- ature
Sociology
Civil Enj;incering
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
American
institutions
attended
degree obtain- ed
Past Occupation
Present Occupation
Present address
M. I. T.
Columbia.
Michigan &
Columbia
Cornell
|
Tohns |
Ph |
.D. |
|
Hopkins |
||
|
Pennsyl- |
B. |
S. |
|
vania, |
M. |
S. |
|
Columbia. |
||
|
Illinois, |
B. |
s. |
|
M I. T. |
M. |
s. |
|
Illinois |
||
|
Illinois, |
B. |
c; |
|
M. I. T. |
S. |
M |
|
Columbia. |
||
|
Wisconsin. |
B. |
s |
|
M. |
D |
|
|
Lawrance, |
B. |
.A |
|
Harvard. |
M.B.A |
S. B,
A. M.
B. A. M. A.
M. E
M. E. Hanyang Iron and Steel Works.
Worcester
P. I Ohio State,
Maine. Yale
M. I. T. Columbia
Michigan. Cornell.
M. I.T.
Cornell,
Columbia North
Western, Illinois, Mississippi Lowell
Textile Vassar,
College
Chicago
Reed
College, Columbia Michigan
Uni
B. S,
B. A
B. S M. S
|
B.C |
.E. 1 |
|
M. |
S. |
|
Ph |
U. |
|
B. |
s. |
|
M. |
A. |
|
B. |
S |
|
M. |
s. |
|
B/r |
.c. |
|
B. |
A. |
|
M. |
A. |
|
B. |
A. |
|
i\J. |
A. |
|
Ph.D.I |
|
|
B.C.E.I |
|
|
M. |
s.l |
Head of Enginceing Dept- Tientsin-Poo- kow Railway Tien- tsin.
Canton Christian Col lege. President, Fu- kien Agricultural College.
Professor, Peking National University.
Engineer, hu Ho-Keo Mining Co., Fung-Lo-Clieng, llonan.
Professor, Wuchang Normal College; Dean, i-lupeh Foreign Language College, Wuchang.
Assistant Master of Mechanics, Chinese-Eastern Railway, Har- bin
South Eastern University, Nan- king
University of Communications Peking.
Professor of Banking, Fuh-Tan University, Shanghai
Kwangtung High Normal Col- lege Canton.
Soochow Agriculture College, Soochow
Professor, Peking Union Med ical College, Peking
Assistant Manager, Industrial & Commercial Bank, 51, Kiangsi Rd. Shanghai.
Kaichow-Tsinan Railway, Tsing tao.
Professor of Physics, NankaiUni- versity-Tientsin.
Secretary, Y.M.C.A. Shanghai.
Y.M.C.A. Shanghai
Bridge Engineer, Kaichow Tsinan Railway, Tsingtao,
^glimiE^^h
c/oMr. K. H. Chen, Shanghai Nanking Rail- way, Shanghai.
20, Museum Rd.
Shanghai
South Eastern University, Nan king.
Yu-Hung Cotton Mill, Cheng chow, Honan.
Professor of History Southeast ern University, Nanking.
Professor, of Western Civil za- tion, Tsing t'ua College, Peking
±mn^^nm
^MfilcKilf'ttJS
UJ^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Name (in English)
Name
In Chinese
Scholarship
Birth place
Year of Birth
U.S.A.
Courses Studied
Chen, Te-Hung* Chen, Tien-e *Chen, T. H.
Chen, Ting-Hsi
Chen, Tsai-Chun Chen, Katherine T. C.
Chen, Tsung-Fa
*Chen, Y. F,
Chen, Y. M.
Chen, Y. T.
Chen, Yen-Shu
Cheng, Chang-Chen Cheng, Chi-Pao
Cheng, Chien-Feng
Cheng, Chung
Cheng, QuincyChung- kwei
Cheng, Dah-Chun
Cheng, Philip W.
Cheng. G. Y. ♦Cheng, Lay Cheng, Pu-Ching
*Cheng, Benjamin Shu- Jen
Cheng, Szu-Tsung
m^m
mm
Graduate of
191Q Scholarship
of 1910 Graduate of
1917 Graduate of
1914
Graduate of
1918 Girl of 1916
Graduate of 1918
»i^n
UK m
Scholarship of 1909
Partial
Scholarship of 1909
Scholarship of 1910
Partial
Graduate of 1918
Graduate of 1919
Graduate of
1918 Graduate of
1919
Scholarship
of 1910
Graduate of
1913
Scholarship
of 1911 Partial
Graduate of 1918
Graduate of 1919
Graduate of 1915
Chekiang
Chekiang
Kwang tung
Chekiang
Chekiang Chihii
Hunan
Kiangsu
Kiangsu
Kiangsu
Kwang- tung
Kiangsi
Fukien
Honan Chekiang
Kiangsu Fukien
Kiangsu
Kwang-
tung Fukien
Fukien
Chekiang
1898
1897 1898
1895 1891
1890
1897 1893
1898
1889 1890
1891
1897 1895
1919- 19^3
1918- 1923 1916- 1924
1918- 1923
1909- 1914
1909- 1914
1918- 1923
1919- 1922
1918- 1923 1919 1923
1910- 1914 1913- 1918
Economic, Bank- ing & Accounting Civil Engineering
Business
Petroleum,
Economics
Animal
Husbandry Medicine
Mining,
Photography
Mining
Mechanical
Engineering Chemical
Engineering
Education
Business Admini- stration Banking
Journalism
Business Adm.
Banking & Accounting Mining
Economics
Chemical
Engineering
1918- Soil & Fertilizers 1923 Cotton
1919- 1923
1915- 1923
Education & Commerce Mov- ing Picture
Astronomy &
Mathematics
WHO'S WHO IN CHIK'A
|
American degree |
||||
|
institutions obtain- attended ed |
Past Occupation |
Present Occupation |
Present address |
|
|
Michigan & |
B. A. |
Commercial Dept, National In- |
±mmc^f^n |
|
|
Columbia |
M. S. |
stitute Shanghai |
ft 196^ |
|
|
Lehigh |
M. C. E. |
Ministry of Communicatic ns |
||
|
Columbia |
M. A. |
Assistant Manager, Industrial & Commercial Bank, Ltd., Hong- kong |
||
|
Pittsburgh, |
m^wim&in |
|||
|
Pennsyl- |
||||
|
vania |
||||
|
Iowa State |
B. S. |
Tsingtao Agricultural Experi- |
SttrtnJSEi^^ |
|
|
Illinois |
M. S. |
mental Station. Tsingtao |
*iu*^*;g |
|
|
Ohio, |
A. B. |
±mm)m3im |
||
|
Weslleyan |
M. D. |
|||
|
Uni. Johns |
||||
|
Hopkins |
||||
|
Lehigh |
E. M. |
Teaching in Chen-Ta Middle |
*^^^«ip.p?«8 |
|
|
Columbia, |
School, Hou-Chen-Men. Peking |
mim |
||
|
N. Y. |
||||
|
Institute of |
' |
|||
|
Photo- |
||||
|
grapy |
||||
|
Colorado |
E. M. |
Manager, Yuseng Manganese |
Yuseng Man- |
|
|
Mines |
Mining Co., Kwangsi University of Nanking, Nanking |
aganese Mining Co., 33 North Szechuen Rd. Shanghai |
||
|
Cornell |
M. E. |
Babcock & Wilcox Ltd., i. The Bund, Shanghai |
||
|
Columbia |
B. S. |
Shanghai College, Shanghai |
||
|
Hamline, |
B. A. |
Professor in South Eastern |
||
|
Chicago |
M. A. |
University, Nanking |
||
|
Columbia |
Ph.D. |
|||
|
Washington |
B.B.A. |
Shanghai Commercial & Savings |
||
|
State, |
M. S. |
Bank Ltd., 9 Ningpo Rd. Shang- |
||
|
Columbia |
hai |
|||
|
Missouri |
B. J. |
mm^i^Simmm |
Teaching in Honan Agricultural College and Girls Middle School |
m33^ |
|
Washington |
B.B.A. |
Nankai Universty, Tientsin |
||
|
State |
M. S. |
|||
|
Columbia |
||||
|
Colorado |
M. F. |
mmfimwi^m^ |
Chief Accountant, the Peipiao |
|
|
Mines |
Coal Mining Co., Ltd. Tientsin |
|||
|
Pennsyl- |
B. S. |
Secretary, Y. M. C. A. 20. |
||
|
vania |
M. A. |
Museum Rd. Shanghai |
||
|
Columbia |
||||
|
Michigan |
B. S. |
mmmn^i^^ |
||
|
Uni. |
Sub-Manager, Bank of China Hongkong |
s.mm^n |
||
|
Cornell |
B. S. |
Professor of Agronomy, Nan. |
||
|
Georgia |
M. S. |
Tung-Chow Agricultural College Nan-Tung-Chow |
||
|
Lawrance, |
B. A. |
Pea-Cock Moving Picture Co., |
||
|
Chicago |
M. A. |
116, Sinza Road Shanghai |
||
|
Columbia, N. |
||||
|
Y. School of |
||||
|
Photo- |
||||
|
graphy |
||||
|
Princeton |
mummi^n9\' |
|||
|
University |
M,m |
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Name (in English)
Xaine
l„ I Scholarship
Chinese
Birth place
Year of in Birth U.S.A.
Courses Studied
Cheng, Tsung-Hai Cheng, Y. C. Cheng, Ying-Chang
Chen, B. H.
Chi H.
Chiang, Chan-Tsao
Chiang, Chao-Hsi
Chiang, Chin
* Chiang, Mon-Lin
Chiang. Ting- Fu Chien, Chih-Lan
Chien, C. T. Chien, S. C Chien, S. Wen
Chien, S. Wn Chien, T. S.
Caien, Thompsom S.
Chin, Chen-Peng Chiu, Chang-Yung
Chiu, Chang-Lun
Chiu, Chen- Yen
Chiu, Hsieh-Chun
Chiu, Pei-Lan
Chiu, Wei-Yung Chiu, Wei-Yu Cho, Wen-Yeh
mim
m
u m
m^n
mm
mm
Graduate of
1914 Scholarship
of 1910 Graduate of
1913
ScTiolarship
of 1909 Partial
Scholarship of 1911
Graduate of 1915
Partial
Partial
Partial Graduate of 1914
Partial
Partial
Partial
Partial
Scholarship of 1910
Graduate of 1919
Graduate of
1917
Scholarship
of 1909
Gradutae of 1918
Scholarship of 1911
Fellowship of 1917 Graduate of 1913
Scholarship of 1911
[fellowship of 1916
Graduate of 1912
Chekiang
Kiangsu
Kiangsu
Chekiang
Shansi
Chekiang
Fukien
Chekiang Chekiang
Chihli Chihli
Chihli Chekiang
Kiangsu
Chihli Kiangsu
Szechuen
Chekiang
Chekiang Chekiang
Kiangsu
Kiangsu
Kwang- tung
1892
1893 1891
1890 1890
1893
1884 1886
1889
1900
1889 1898
1890 1895
1914-
1918
1910-
1915
1914-
1921
1909- 1916
1892
1914- 1918
1910- 1916
1919- 1924
1917-
1909- 1914
1918- 1923
1911- 1920
1916- 1923
Education
Chemistry
Chemical
Engineering Chemistry Agriculture
Mathematics
Mechanical
Engineering
Agriculture
Medicine
Theology Botany
Political Science
Political Science
Agriculture.
Economics
Business Foreign Trade
Chemistry
Civil Engineering Economics
Mechanical
Engineerini: Electrical
Engineer in u Engineering
|
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA |
5 |
|||
|
Airerican |
degree ! |
|||
|
institutions |
obtain- |
Past Occupation |
Present Occupation |
Present address |
|
attended |
ed |
|||
|
Wisconsin. |
A. B. |
South-Eastern University, Nan- |
||
|
Columbia |
M. A. |
king |
||
|
Cornell, |
A. B. |
Dean, Fengtien High |
Professor of Chemistry, North- |
|
|
Columbia |
A. M |
Normal College |
Eastern University, Fengtien |
|
|
Purdue. |
B. S |
Professor in Peking |
Editorial .Dep't, the Commercial |
|
|
Harvard, |
Ch. E. |
National University |
Press, Shanghai |
|
|
Chicago |
Ph.D. |
|||
|
Cornell |
B. A. M. S. |
• |
Chinese American Bank ol Commerce, Harbin Union Trading Corporation, 38 Paku Rd. Tientsin |
|
|
Colifornia |
A. B. |
Instructor in Mathe- |
Professor of Mathematics Nan- |
|
|
Harvard |
A. M. |
matics Harvard University |
kai University, Tientsin Professor of Automobile Engi- neeiing, Nanyang University, Shanghai Shantung Christian College, Tsinan, Shantung Acting Chancellor, Peking National University, Peking Nankai University, Tieirfsin |
S. T. Motor Tramp Co., Shanghai |
|
Cornell |
B. S. M.B.S. |
Head of Dep't of Sericulture College of Agriculture University of Nanking |
Wei-Chen Silk Co., Hangchow Salt Revenue Bureau, Peking Pu-chi Hospital Tsingtao |
|
|
Educational Bureau, |
Director ot^ Moral Guidence, |
|||
|
Chinese Eastern |
Tsing-Hua College, Peking |
'^48SI |
||
|
Railway, Harbin |
mm |
|||
|
Illinois, |
B. A. |
Professor of Biology |
Professor of Biology. Tsing-Hua |
4t^MmJtmm |
|
Chicago, |
National A gricultural |
College, Peking |
'mm |
|
|
Harvard |
University, Peking |
|||
|
North Da- |
B. A. |
Professor of Histoy, Tsing-Hua |
||
|
kota |
M. A. |
College Peking |
||
|
Harvard |
Ph.D. |
|||
|
Harvard |
B. A. M. A. |
English Secretary Chinese East- ern Railway, Harbin |
||
|
Wisconsin, |
B. S. |
Wei-Chiao-Pu |
*«««5'J>±M |
|
|
Purdue, |
Ii26f| |
|||
|
Columbia |
||||
|
Beloit. |
B. A. |
Professor of Foreign Trade, |
||
|
Chicago |
M.B.A. |
Fun-Tan University, Kiangwan, |
||
|
N. Y. Uni- |
Shanghai |
|||
|
versity |
||||
|
California, |
A. B. |
Professor of Chemistry,Nankai |
||
|
M. IT. |
M A. |
University. Tientsin |
||
|
Clark |
Ph.D. |
|||
|
Cornell |
M.C.E. |
■ |
Southeastern Construction Co., 60, Kiangsi Rd. Shanghai |
|
|
Wisconsin. |
c/o China Mer- |
|||
|
Chicago |
chants' -team Navigation Co., Hankow |
|||
|
Cornell |
B. S |
Submaster in Main Sh*p, Chinese |
||
|
Eastern Railway, Harbin |
||||
|
M. E. |
||||
|
Harvard |
B. A. S. B |
Professor of E. E. Nanyang |
||
|
M. I. T. |
University, Shanghai |
|||
|
Cornell Columbia N. Y. |
S. M. |
Secretary of Member of the Committee of Canton |
President of Hongshan Con- struction Bureau, Canton |
|
|
University |
C. E. Development & Engine- |
|||
|
enng Design |
WHO'S WHO In china
Name (in English)
Name iChinese
Scholarshij)
Birth place
Year of Birth
U S.A.
Courses StudiedJ
Cho, Yin-Sze Chou, Chi-Pang
Chou, Hsien-Sung
Chou, Jen *Chou, Lam-Yuan *Chou, Ming-H
Chou, Ming-Yu
Chou, P. M. Chou, S. C. Chou, T. K. *Chou, Hou-Kun
Chou, long-Teh
Chow, Aling Chow, S. A.
Chou, Yen-Ting
Chow, C. T.
Chow, H. H. Chow, Kai-Chi Chow, Tsuj-Chi
Chu, B. Y.
Chu, C. H.
m m
I^S
*»76
*«««
Partial
Graduate of . 1914
Graduate of 1918
Scholarship of 1910
Scholarship of 1911
Graduate of 1916
Scholarship of 1911
Partial
Partial
Partial
Scholarship of 1910
Partial
Scholarship of 1910
Girl of 1914
Graduate of 1918
Graduate of 1916
Scholarship of 1910
Scholarship of 1910
Graduate of 1916
Graduate of 1916
Graduate of 1917
Chekiang
Chekiang
Kiangsu
Chekiang
Chekiang
Chekiang Chekiang
Kwang
tung Kiangsu
Chekiang
Kiangsu Fukien
Chekiang
Hupeh
Chekiang
Kiangsu
Chekiang
Hunan
Anhwei
1891
1896
1891 1890 1896
1914- 1920
1918- 1923
1910-
1915
1911-
1915
1916-
1922
Economics and
Commerce
Business
Economics
Steam
Engineering Mining
Chemistry
Medicine
1890 1892
1888 1894
1894
1894 1890
1895 1893
1910- 1915
1914
1917
1922-
1923
1910
1919
1914- 1920
1918- 1923
1910-
1915
1910-
1914
1916-
1921
1916- 1920
Mechanical
Aeronantics
Manual Arts,
Economics
Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
General Arts,
Social Work
Textile Engine- ering Industrial Engineering
Transportation. Military Science Railroad Adm.
Sanitary Enginee- ring
Mining
Chemical Engin. Paper Engineering
Banking and Busi- ness.
Chemistry
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
American degree
institutions | obtsin-
attended i ed
Tast Occupation
Present Occupation
|
Indiana, |
B. |
S. |
|
Pennsy- |
MB. A |
|
|
lvania |
||
|
Harvard |
||
|
Illinois |
B. |
s |
|
Pennsy- |
M. |
A. |
|
lvania |
||
|
Cornell |
M. |
E. |
|
E. |
E. |
|
|
Lehigh |
E. |
M. |
|
Wisconsin |
B. |
S. |
|
M. |
s. |
Virginia
M. I. T.
Wooster. P. I. M. I. T U. S. C.
M. I. T.
Professor in South- Eastern University, Nanking
Tung-lh Trust Co- Shanghai, Professor in Nankai University.
M. D
B. S M, S
M. A,
Radcliffe College N. Y. School of Social Worlk Lowell
textile M. I. T. Columbia Pennsyl- vania
M. I. T.
California.
Columbia. Lehigh.
Maine,
Cloumbia. Wesleyan
Columbia.
Indiana. Columbia
S. B. M. S. Ph.D B. A.
Shanghai College. Shanghai
Chee-Hsin Cement Co., Ltd. Taku. Rd. French Concession, Tientsin
Prof essor in Nanyang University, Shanghai
Mining Engineer Patao Hao Coal Mine Patao Hao, Fengtien
464 Kd,
Manager, ChangFah Co., Hong-Tek Lee, Chekiang Shanghai; Tai-Hu
Cement Co Shanghai
Professor in Nan- yang University Shanghai
S. B,
B. Sc. M. A,
B. S M. A,
Industrial and Com- mercial Bank, Ltd Hongkong.
Present address
105, Avenue Rd. Slianghai
5?-3?»ftt^tt
hmm^^^m
60, Kiangsi Physician, Hankow
Rd
Professor of Language, Amoy University, Amoy
Wai-Chiao-Pu.
Chief Engineer, Tayeh Iron Works, Hupeh.
Professor of Manual Art, Tsing Hua College, Peking
Professor of Physics Nanyang University. Shanghai.
House Wife and Social Work
Great China Cotton Mill, Wu- sheng, Shanghai.
Business office Railroad Bureau, Ministry of Communications, Peking
Ministry of Interior Affairs.
Head of Mining Division, Tayeh Iron Wrok— s
Changsha Institute of Techno logy Changsha
Professor of Economics, Tsing Hua College. Peking.
Bureau of Foreign Affairs, Kiao chow. Tsingtao.
No. 12, Marin- skia Rd. R. C Hankow
;lh^«l16S8^30
*Mia^rt^iD;t
m^
±m^mm^3A.
*MJKm/h±ti&
mm
Teh-Tao-wan, Tayeh.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Name (in Einglish i
Name 1 |
III Scholarship iBi'-th place
Chinrse
Yea." of Birth
U.S.A.
Courses StudiL-d
Chu, Chi-Che
Chu, Chimin Fuh Chu, C. L.
Chu, Chung-Tao *Chu, Co-Ching
Chu, D. S. Chu, Hsi-Ching
*Chu, Keats-Syun
Chu, Loh Chu, Pin
*Chu, Jennings Pinkwei
Chu, Shih-Yun
Chu, V. C.
Chuang, Chai-Hsuan
Chuang, T.
Chung, Hsin-Hsuan Chung, Ko-Cheiig
Chung, K. T.
Dage Z. C. Djang Yuan-Shan
mm
Dong, Nyoke-Zoe
ffi m
!:7Ci
mm
Scholarship of 1911
Scholarship of 1909 Partial
Graduate of
1914
Scholarship
of 1910
Partial
Graduate of 1914
Graduate of 1915
Scholarship
of 1910
Graduate of
1918
Graduate of 1916
Graduate of
1916 Schloarship
of 1909
Graduate of
1917
Scholarship of 1910
Graduate of
1913 Graduate of
1915
Partial
Scholarship of 1909
Scholarship of 1911
(;irl of 1914
Chekiang
Kiangsu Kiangsu
Kiangsu Chekiang
Kiaiig.su Chekiang
Kiangsu
Kwang- tung
Hunan
Hunan
Kiangsu
Chek'ang
Kiangsu
Kiangsi
Kv/ang-
Tunt
1891
Kiangsu Kiangsu
Kiangsu
1894 1891
1890
1896 1882 1895
1891
1892
1911- 1918
1909- 1914
1910- 1918
1915- 1921
1910- 1916 1918- 1923
1916- 1922
1916-
1922
1909-
1916
1917
1922
1910-
1914
1922-
19^4
1913
1920
Naval Construc- tion, Accounting
Civil Engineering
Education & His- tory
Economics
Agriculture
Meteorolouv
Economics
Business.
Mathematics
Architectural
Engineering
Education,
Mining
Chemical
Engineer ins Education
Psychology Phiology Architectural
Engineering
1909- 1915 1911- 1915
1914- 1918
Botany
Industrial
Chemistr\
Sociology
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
American j degree
institutions : obtain-
attended ed
Past Occupation
Present Occupation
Present address
M.T.T. N. Y. Uni.
Lehigh.
George Washington
Harvard
Illinois Harvard.
Pennsyl-
Wisconsin, Columbia
Wisconsin
Columbia. Pennsyl- vania
John
Hopkins
Columbia Carnegie,
Columbia Illinois
Columbia Maimi,
Columbia,
Princeton Illinois
Illinois, Harvard.
Maine
S. B.
C. E, M. A.
B. S. M. S. Ph.D.
B. A. M. A.
B. A.
M. S.
B. .^rch.
M. Arch. B. A. M. A. Ph.D. E. M
B.S.C
A. M
B. A M. A Ph.D B. S
A. B. A. M.
A. B.
PhiVf Arrnnntant. Auditor, Accounting Dep't, Kiao-
^TayehCn Works Chow-Tsinan Railway, Ts.ngtac
Smith College
Bryn Maur
College
Columbia
Accounting Dep t
Peking-Hankow
Railway.
Professor of Peking Gov't, University, Peking.
Professor of Univer- sity of Communica- tions.
Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Co. , Shang- hai
Professor in Peking
National Univc-rsity,
Peyang Plague
Prevention Service Director, China Inter nationalFamine Relief
Commission, North China branch, Peking
Chief Accountant, Fu-Chung Co., Honan
Editorial Dep't., The Commer- cial Press Ltd. Pao-Shan Rd. Shanghai.
South-Eastern University, Nan king.
Nanking Conservancy College, Nanking.
Submanager, Fenli Rug and Carpet Co., 97, Marrison Street, Peking.
Instructor in Mathematics, Chen- Chung Middle School. Shanghai.
S. S. Kwan and Co. 11 Ruv Du Marechal, Foch., Tientsin.
Dean of Southeastern Univer- sity Nanking and Dean the first Girl Teachers College, Nanking.
Liu-Ho-Kou Mining Co., Ld., Feng-I<o Cheng, Hoaan.
The Navigation Bureau, Ministry of Communications. Peking.
Professor of Psychology, Tsing Hua College. Peking.
Architect, Tsing Hua College, Peking.
Professor of Amoy University. Amoy.
Tientsin-Pookow Railway, Tien- tsin.
Peking Technical University, Peking
Vice-Director, China Interna- tional Famine Relief Commis- sion, 6, Tsai Chang Hutung, Peking.
C/O T . C. Chil,
St. Johns Y. M. C..A. Shans,hai.
p,rai — ^
25Hsi-ShiTsao Kan Mian Hu- tung, East City. Peking.
c/o T.F.Chiang Nankai Univer- sity, Tientsin.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Name (in Enulish)
Name
iu
Chines t'
Dung, Tsong-Lung
Dzan, Pangcheng Linson Edward
Dzung, Kenyen Vanlee *Fead, Hsin-Jen
Fead. Tsong-Fan Feng, Chao-Chuan
♦Feng, Hsi-Yuan Foo, Shu Foo, T. C.
Foo, Yer-Ping
Fung, Henry K. T.
mmm^A
Fung. L. T. ♦Fung, Pu. S.
Gow, Thomas Tsungte
Han, Mei-Ying Ho, Chieh
Ho, Chin-Chen Ho, C. Y. Ho, Hsiou-Yuan Ho, Mao-Ching
Ho, Mo-Lin
Ho, T. C. Ho, Y. C.
W«S'K
smiz
mmm
Scholaishi)) lliiith place I
m m
«^s
Scholarship of 1911 Partial
Scholarship
of 1910 Partial
Scholarship
of 1911
Graduate of
1918
Partial
Scholarship of 1910
Scholarship of 1910
Partial
Graduate of 1914
1916
Graduate of 1915
Scholarship of 1910
Girl of 1914
Scholarship of 1909
Scholarship ^ of 1911 Scholarship
of 1910 Graduate of
1915 Scholarship
of 1909
Graduate of 1915
Partial
Scholarship of 1910
Kiangsi Kiangsu
Year of ISii-tIi
U.S.A.
Courses Stmlied
1892
1895
Che- 1891
kiang Chihli
Kiangsu Kiangsu
Szechuen Kiangsu
Kwang tung
Kiangsu Chekiang
Shang- tung
Chekiang
Kwang tung
Kwang-
tung Kiangsu
Fukien
Kiangsu
Kwang- tung
Kwang- tung
1898
1891
1911- 1916
1890
1896
1891
1890 1890
1890
1910- 1916
1911- 1917 1918- 1923
Law & Diplomac\ Military Science
Lib. Arts.
Chemistry
Cotton Industry, Plant Breeding
1910- Mining
1914
1910- Mechanics
1916
1914 1919
1915- 1918
1910- 1916
1909- 1914
1909- 1915
1910- 1917
Mathematics '
Structural Engineering Diplomacy Rail- road Adm. Phy- sical Education
Dentistry
Economics Bank- ing Law- Mining & Metal- lurgy, Physic-
Home Economics
Mining & Metal- lurgy
Chemistry
Law I
Naval Construc- tion Industrial Managment Electrical Engine- ering
Chemical Engine- ering:
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
American
institutions
attended
dpifroe obtain-
Past Occupation
I'resent Occupation
Present address
Wisconsin, Columbia U. S. M. A. Westpoint.
A. B. M. A. M. A.
Princeton, Colunibia.
Litt. B.
Secretary Chinese Legation, W ashington D. C.
Secretary, Peace Con- ference and Washing- ton Conference Wai-Chiao-pu
Michigan B. Ch,
M. A. College Georgia Cornell
Colorado
Mines
Michigan
Harvard
I'rinceton Harvard Springfield Y. M. C. A.
Michigan
Maine, Chic- ago, Colum- bia Colorado
Mines Harvard
Mount
Holyoke Colorado
Mines Lehigh
Michigan
B.S.A. M. S.
E. M.
Chicago T. D.
M. L T. Harvard
Case School
Michigan B. S. Columbia M. S.
M. A.
M.B.A.
D.D.S
M. S. M. A.
President, Peiyang University, Tientsin
Professor in Tsing- Hua College, Pekmg
Sub-Manager, Ming- Hsin Bank, Shanghai.
E. M.iDean of vSchool of 1[. S.\ Engineering, Peking j National University, Peking B. S
Wai-Chiao-Pu
Instructor in Military Drill. Tsing-Hua College, Peking
Soochow University, boochow
Manager, Ten-I i Rug and Carpet Co., Ltd 97 Morrison Street, Peking
Standard Oil Co., Szechuen Rd. Shanghai
Head of Cotton Dep't., Nantung- cho\v Agricultural College, Man- tungchow
Engineer, Lum-Yuen Iron Works Shih-Chin-San West Peking, Chihli
Chiu-Ta Salt Refining Co., Tongku, Tientsin
Translation Dep't.. PeVing- ^lukden Railway Tientsin office
Dentist in Margaret Williamson Hospital
flead of Commerci al Dep't. Cheng-Chun— Middle School
Shanghai
University of Communications, Peking
*sC*grliP38?!g
mm27m
mnmmmmm
y^m^^mms:
S67BurkillRd.. Shanghai
Head of Geology Dep't. Peking National University, Peking
Taokou-ChinghuaRailway Chiao tso, Honan
Mf^mi^ismM
tr
Audit Dep't, Kaichow-Tsinan Railway, Tsingtau
Kwanftung Christian College. Canton
E. 279 Avenue Joflfre, Shang- hai
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
|
Name (in English) |
Nami> in Chinese |
Scholarship Birtli jilace |
Year of Birth |
in U.S.A. |
Courses Studied |
|
|
Hou, C. Y. |
mwM |
Fellowship of 1918 |
Kiangsu |
1896 |
1918- 1922 |
Civil Engineering |
|
Hou, H. C. |
^mm |
|||||
|
*Hou, Te-Pang |
^mn |
Graduate of 1913 |
Fukien |
189C |
Chemical Engine- er in u |
|
|
Hsi, Jegan, T. Hsi, Te-H. Hsi, Te-Pin |
^ ft |
Graduate of 1915 Scholarship of 1910 |
Anhwei Kiangsu |
1893 |
1910- 1916 |
Economics Busi- ness Mining j |
|
Hsi, Tonjou Lucn |
mR.m |
Graduate of 1917 |
Anhwei |
1895 |
1917- 1923 |
Economics Bank- is |
|
Hsia, Z. F. |
i»^ |
Partial |
||||
|
Hsiang. Che-Chun Hsiao, To Hsieh, Chao-Chi |
m m |
Graduate of 1917 Graduate of 1919 Scholarship of 1909 |
Hunan Kiangsi Cliekiang |
1895 1891 |
1909- 1915 |
Government & j Lai Banking Railroa< Ami Chemical Engine ering, Textil? |
|
*Hsieh, Ernti-Shengt.su |
6'^.tlft |
Graduate of 1913 |
Chekiang |
1896 |
1914- 1917 In Ruiope Again in U.S.A. 1920- 1922 |
Civil Engineering. Railway Engine erinu Structural Engine- ering & Electrical Engin. |
|
Hsieh, Pao-chao Hsieh, T. H. |
Graduate of 1919 Fellowship 1916 |
Kwang- tung Kiangsu |
1896 |
1919- 1923 |
Economics Political S< Civil Engineering |
|
|
Hsing, C. S. Hsing, T. L. |
Scholarship of 1909 Partial |
Cliekiang Kiangsi |
1891 |
1909- 1919 |
Naval Construc- tio |
|
|
Hsu, Chen-Chau |
tm-di |
Graduate of 1919 |
Chekiang |
1919- 1924 |
Animal Husbandr Cotton, Agronon; |
|
|
Hsu, C. T. Hsu, Chih |
Scholarship of 1909 Graduate of 1910 |
Chekiang Kwang- tung |
1885 |
1909- 1915 1910- 1915 |
Ub. Arts Railroad Admini- stration Finane |
|
|
Hsu, K. L. Hsu, Kung |
Partial Fellowship of 1916 |
Kiangsu |
1894 |
1916- 1920 |
Electrical Engine erin |
|
|
Hsu, Paul-Huang *Hsu, Seng-Jah |
Scholarship of 1909 Scholarship of 1910 |
Kiangsu Kvvei- chow |
1889 1890 |
1909- 1921 1910- 1014 |
Science Industria SanitaryChemistr Electrical Engine eriH |
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
|
American i decree |
||||
|
institutions |
obtain- |
Past Occupation |
Present Occupation |
Present address |
|
attended |
ed |
|||
|
Cornell |
M. C. |
Professor in Tong- |
-^^mm^im^i&xm^ |
|
|
Univ. |
E. |
shan University, Tongshan |
Tientsin Provincial Middle School, Tientsin |
|
|
:^i. I. T. |
S. B- |
Chief Engineer Yun-Lee Soda |
||
|
Columbia |
M. A. Ph. D. |
Co., Tongkoo, Tientsin |
||
|
Indiana, |
B. S. |
Slianghai <"omniercial & Savings |
||
|
Columbia |
dank Ivtd. Ningpo Kd. Shanghai |
|||
|
M. I. T. |
B. S. |
579 Burkill Rd. |
||
|
Columbia |
M. S. |
Shanghai 579 Burkill Rd. Shanghai |
||
|
Johns |
B. A. |
The Ferderal |
Shanghai Commercial & Savings |
|
|
Hopkins |
M. A. |
Reserve Bank, |
Bank, Peking Branch, Peking |
|
|
Harvard |
Boston, U. S. A. |
S. S. Kuan & Co., ii Rue' Du Marchal Foch, Tientsin |
||
|
Yale |
B. A. |
|||
|
Michigan |
B. A. |
Professor in Nanyang Univer- |
±m^mm''f' |
|
|
M. A. |
sity, Shanghai |
^tao.sm |
||
|
Lowell |
M. E. |
±.mmnmm^ |
||
|
Textile |
i^^ytm^n^ |
|||
|
Columbia |
||||
|
Cornell |
C. E. |
Chief Engineer, The Continental Corporation of China, 136 Sze- chuen Rd. Shaughai |
||
|
Rensselars |
D.Eng. |
|||
|
P.I. |
||||
|
Johns Hop- |
A. B. |
Professor of Shansi University, |
!U®i:I?,g§tX^ |
|
|
kins |
Ph. D. |
I'aiyuenfu, Shansi |
24^ |
|
|
M. 1. T. |
Taihu Cement Co., 60 Kiangsi Rd. Shanghai |
Taihu Cement V\'ork Woosih, Kiangsu |
||
|
M. I. T. |
B. S. M. S. |
South-Easiern University, Nan- king |
||
|
Wisconsin, |
B.S.A. |
Professor in South-Eastern Un- |
||
|
Georgia |
M.S. A. |
iversity Nanking |
||
|
Texas |
||||
|
Harvard |
A. B. |
|||
|
Illinois, |
B. S. |
Commercial Dept. Chinese-East- |
c/o Bureau of |
|
|
Columbia |
A. M. |
ern Railroad, Harbin |
Railway Minis- |
|
|
Pennsyl- |
Ph.D. |
try of Com- |
||
|
vania |
munications |
|||
|
Cornell |
M. E. |
Peking-Hankow Railway, Ministry |
Peking Electrical Tramway Co., Ltd., 11 Isung Pu Hutung, Pek- ing |
|
|
of Communications |
||||
|
M. I. T. |
B. S. |
Professor in Nanyang Univer- sity Shanghai |
||
|
Wisconsin |
B. S. E. E. |
President, Nanking Conservancy College, Nanking |
10
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Name (in English)
N'aine
In Chinese
Scholarshi])
Birth place
Yearof Birth
U.S.A.
Courses Studied
Hsu, Tu-Kung Hsu, Ting-Chi Hsu, Kwangtzo W. M.
Hsu, Shih-Ta
Hsu, T. T. Hsu, Y. C. Hsu, Z. C.
Hsueh, Cho-Ping Hsueh, Kuei-Lun Hsueh, S. C.
Hu, Chi-Hsei Hu, K. F.
Hu, K. P.
Hu, Minfu. Ta *Hu, Poyuan
*Hu, S. .
Hu, Shih-Hung
Hu, S.S.
Hu, Tien-Tsung
Hu, Tsung-Chiao
Hu,T.
Huang, Chin-Jin
Huang, Chia-C.
f^H^ Gfa<i"ate of I 1920 Graduate of
1913 Graduate of
1919
^^m ^nx
nwtz
Fellowship of 1918
Partial
Graduate of
1913
Scholarship
of 1911
Graduate of 1917
Graduate of 1914
SJEff
m
Graduate of 1919
Chekiang Chekiang Chekiang
Chekaing
Anhwei
Chihli
Kiangsu
Anhwei
Kiangsu
Kiangsu
1895
Graduate of
1914
Scholarship
of 1909
Junior of 1914
3^ Scholarship of 1910 Scholarship of 1910
Scholarship
of 1910
Graduate of
1913
Scholarship of 1910 Partial
Graduate of 1916
1920- 1924 1914- 1916 1919- 1923
1918- 1921
1895
1893
1918
Partial
Fellowship of 1917
Kwang
tung Kiangsu
Szcchuen
Kiangsu Kiangsu
Anhwei Kiangsi
Kiangsu
Anhwei
Kiangsu
Kiangsu
Kwang- tung
1893 1897
1890
1891 1892
1890
1898
1917- 1921
1914- 1919
1919- 1922
1914-
1909- 1914
1910- 1917 1913- 1919
1910- 1916 1913- 1919
1910- 1916
1918- 1923
1917- 1921
Economics Bank- ing Lib. Arts
Banking
Civil Engineering
Chemistry
History and
Language
Civil Engineering
Mining
Electrical Engine erii-
Lib. Arts
Economic* Physics and
Mathematics
Electrical Engine
erin^
Physics and
Alathematic-
Mining Petroleunt
Engineering
Political Sc.
Philosoplv Mining &
Metalluri;:-
Forestry
Mechanics. Education
Civil Engineerin.L
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
10
American decree
institutions obtiiin-
attended ed
Past Occupation
Present Occupation
Present address
Ohio State. Columbia Princeton
Wisconsin Lawrance Harvard
Cornell Columbia
M. I. T. Wisconsin
M. I. T.
■Colorado
Mines M. I. T Harvard Cornell
Yale Pen- nsylvania M. I. T.
Harvard
M. I. T.
Cornell
Harvard M. I. T. Pittsburgh
Cornell
Columbia Colorado
Mines
Columbia Cornell
Michigan
Wellesley, Columbia
Cornell
B. A. M. A,
B. A M.B.A
M.C.E
B. A,
M. S,
E. M. M. S. S. M.
E. E.
B. A, M. A. Ph.D.
A. B.
Ph.D.
S. B.
Pet.
E.
A. B. Ph.D. E. M. M. S.
B. F. M. F,
B. A. M. A
M.C.E
Professor in Peking National University and VVai-Chiao-Pu
Assistant Engineei Grand Canal Im provement Board
Tientsin Profossor in Peking Technical College Tientsin
Technical College & Tangshan University
Manager in Store Dept, Lam Gliues and Co., Inc. 32 Peking Rd. Shanghai
Metallurgy Engineer Lam- Yuen Coal Mine West Peking Chihli
National Commerical Bank. Shanghai
American Express Co., Szechuen Rd., Shanghai
Head of Loan Dept , Industrial and Commercial Bank Ltd.. 51 Kiangsi Rd., Shanghai
Civil Engineers Administrative Commission of Anliwei Mines Piofessor of Engineering, Kuh- Tan University Kiangwan
Shanghai
Business Dept. Ministry of Com- munications
Nankai Universitj-, Tientsin
fiK^mi7si
Wusong Port Administrative Bureau. Shanghai
Xankai University, Tientsin
Engineer Chinese Engineering and Development Co., 3rd Rd., I. C. Tientsin
University of Utopia, Shanghai
Electrical Engineer and Govenor Chee Hsin Cement Co.. Ltd., Taku Rd. F. C. Tientsin
University of Utopia Shanghai
Metallurgv Engineer, 1 ayeh Iron Works, Tayeh, Hupeh
Peking National University, Peking
Mining Engineer, Pin Hsiang. .Anhyuen Coal Mines, Kiangsi.
University of L'topia, Shanghai.
University of Nanking, Nanking.
Engineer L,am-Yuen-Coal Mine Shih-Chih-San West Peking Chihli.
Teaching in University of Utopia, Shanghai.
Bureau of Kwantung Engineer. Swatow.
Public Roads
Jt'^.!^mm^sk
11
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
|
Name (in English) |
Kame in Chinese |
Scholarship |
I'irth place |
Year of in Birth U.S.A. |
Courses Studied |
||
|
Huang, Cho-Chun *Huang, C. Y. |
Graduate of 1915 Graduate of 1914 |
Kwang- tung Kwang- tung |
1890 1896 |
1915- 1919 1914- 1920 |
Economics Civil Engineering |
||
|
Huang, Chung-Hua Huang, Han-Ho |
Graduate of 1915 Graduate of 1914 |
Kwang- tung Fukien |
1893 |
1914- 1920 |
Chemistry Mining Engineering: |
||
|
*Huang, Han Liang |
%.mm |
Scholarship of 1911 |
Fukien |
1893 |
1911- 1918 |
Economics |
|
|
Huang, Hsin. Y, |
%^M |
Partial |
|||||
|
Huang, Jin |
n p |
Graduate of 1917 |
Fukien |
1917- 1921 |
Banking and Commerce |
||
|
Huang George K. H. |
%mm |
Graduate of 1920 |
Kiangsi |
1899 |
1920- 1924 |
Transportation and Banking. |
|
|
Huang, Kuang Huang, S. U. |
Graduate of 1914 Partial |
Kwang- tung |
1891 |
Finance |
|||
|
Huang, Shou-Chuan Huang S. H. Huang, Shun-Tao Huang, Su-Pei. Huang, Jarvis T. H Huang, Tzen-Fah, |
Graduate of 1918 Fellowship of 1916 Graduate of 1914 Graduate of 1915 Graduate of 1919 Scholarship of 1911 |
Chihli Kiangsi Kwang- tung [•Cwang- tung Kiangsi Anhwei |
1896 1889 |
1919- 1924 |
.Mining Civil Engineering Economics Mechanical Engineering. Mining and Metallurgy Law and Political Science |
||
|
Huang, Yu-Sheng |
mm^ |
Graduate of 1919 |
Hupeh |
1919- 1924 |
Education |
||
|
Hung. Shao-Yii |
&Mm |
Graduate of 1915 |
Che- kiang |
1895 |
1915- 1920 |
Chemistry and Dyein.u |
|
|
Hung, Siji. C. Hung, Shen |
Graduate of 1915 Graduate of 1916 |
Anhwei Kiangsu |
1894 |
1915- 1920 1916- 1921 |
Political Science and Economics. Ceremic Engin. Dramatic Arts. |
||
|
I, Ting-Hsin |
^m^ |
Graduate of 1915 |
Hunan |
1890 |
Electrical Engineering |
||
|
Jen, Shang-Wu |
^^« |
Fellowship of 1919 |
Hunan |
1895 |
1919- 1923 |
Textile Engin. |
|
|
Kao. L. C. |
iis^^ |
Scholarship of 1909 |
Kiangsu |
1890 |
1909- 1915 |
Railroad Administration |
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
11
American
institutions
attended
degree obtain- ed
Past Occupation
Present Occupation
Present addres
Trinity,
Columbia M. I. T.
Harvard.
B. S, iVl. A S. B.
Northwest- B
ern
M. I. T.
Harvard
Illinois
Michigan,
Columbia
Princeton
Montana U. Y. Uni versity Ohio State Pennsyl- vania Yale N. Y. Uni.
Lehigh
Pennsyl- vania Case Ren- sealaer P. I. Columbia
Michigan, Columbia N. Y. Univesity Lawrance, Chicago
New Bed- ford Textile M. I. T. Columbia. Boown.
Ohio State Harvard Copley Sch, of Theater
Lehigh
Lowell
Textile N. C. State Col Michigan Pennsyl- vania
Submanager, Lam Glines and Co. Inc, 32 Peking Rd. Shanghai
Engineer Han-Yeb- Ping Iron & CoalCom pany Ltd. Shanghi.
B.S.C M.B.A
A. B
E. M
R. S. E. B, E. M,
L.L.i',.
J.S.D.
B. A. M. A. Ph.D. S. B. M. A.
Ph.D.
M. S.
M. A.
m m m n
Peking Technical
College, Peking
Assistant Chemist, Paper Mill. S.D. Warnen Co., Maine, U. S. A.
General Office, Nan- yang BrothersTobac- CO Co., Shanghai
District Inspectorate, Salt Revenue Swatow.
Manager, C. Y. Huang Construc- tion Co., 7 I Szechuen Rd. Sliang- hai.
Kwangtung High Normnl College Canton.
Professor in Engineering dep't., Amoy University, Amoy.
Manager. IIo Hong Bank. Hongkong.
Peking Union Medical College Peking.
Chekiaing Industrial Bank, Hankow.
Shanghai Commercial and Sav- ings Bank, Chef 00 Branch, Chefoo
Hanyang Iron— and Steel Works Hanyang
Kailan Mining Administration. Macheachou, Kaiping Chihli.
Professor of Mathematics, Tong Shan University, Tong Shan.
Shanghai-Hongchow-Ningpo Railway, Shanghai Office
Nanyaing University, Shanghai.
Secretary of Wai Chiao Pu.
Professor, of Narkai University, Tientsin.
^bMf8^Sr38;jS
In Business.
±mmmmm
1?^
Eletrical Dejj't, Ping-Hsiang Colliery, Ping Hsiang,
Advisor Engineer. Hung-Fung Cotton Mill, Shanghai, lextile Engineer, Yu-Shing Co.,
Accounting Dep't, Shanghai- Nankii;g Railroad, Shanghai.
12
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Name iin English)
Aame
In Chlneso
Scholarship
liirth place
Year of Birth
U.S.A.
Courses Studi
Kao, Ta-kang Kao, Ying Kiang, S. Z.
Kiang, C. Y.
King,T.
Ko, Tsu-Liang
Kong, S. M. Koo, De Yoeh
*Koo, Nee-Sun
*koo, Vi Tseng Koo, Chen
Ku, Chen-min
Ku, Tsong-Lin
Ku, Tzu-I Kung, Ling-Hsuan *Kuo, Cheng- Chih *Kuo, Hsi-Tang *Kuo, P. W. Kuo, Tsung-Fen
*Kuo, T. S. *Kuo, Y . M.
*Kwan, Sung Sheng Kwan, Sung Tao *Kwong, H. K.
Kwong, Yih-kan
m M
Scholarship
of 1911 Partial
Scholarship of 1911
Partial
Scholarship
of 1909
Graduate of
1916
Fellowship of 1918 1918
Fellowship of 1918
Scholarship ^ of 1911 Graduate of 1914
Scholarsliip of 1910
Scholarship of 1911
Chekiang 1891
Fukien
Kiangsu
1890 1896
1897 1899
il^l5Graduate of
1913
fL^'iSi Graduate of 1920 Graduate of
1913 Graduate of
1917 Partial
m^fc
Hupeh
Chekiang
Kiangsu
Kiangsu Kiangsu
Kiangsu
Kiangsu Kiangsu
Chekiang 1893
Chekiang
Kiangsu Shantung
Kwang-
tung Kwang-
tung Kiangsu
Graduate of 1919
Scholarship of 1910 iS^S^i Fellowship of 1917
^^*S Graduate of 1913
BSi?(IS Graduate of 1918
®.WM Scholarship of 1909
8PKM Scholarship of 1910
Shansi
Kiangsu Kiangsu
Kwang- tung
Kwang- tung
Kwang tung
Kwang tung
1896
1896 1893
1889
1911- 1919
1911- 1915
1909 1912 1916- 1921
1918- 1922
1918- 1923
1911- 1916 1914- 1919
1910- 1914
1911- 1915
1920- 1924
1917- 1922
Mechanical Enuin.
Mining Engin.
Sociology
Engineering
Pharmacy
Law
Literature.
Bankini
Civil Engin.
Electricity
Mechanical Engin. Manufacturin
Mechanical Engin. Pure Chemistrv
Banking,
Accounting. Railroad Adm.
Civil Engineerin'-i
Chemistry
Civil Engineering
Animal
Husbandry
1919- 1923
1910- 1915
1918- 1932 1909- I9I6
1910- 1919
Animal
Husbandry Agriculture Plant Physiology Plant Breeding Civil Engineering
Architecture Landscape Arch. Medicine
.Academic
Journalisr
Mining.
Mining an( Metalliirg;
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
12
American degree
institutions olitnin-
attended ed
Past Occupation
Present Occupation
Present address
Wisconsin M. 1. T
Lehigh
Cornell
|
[Mariland |
B. S. |
|
State |
Dr. |
|
Temple |
Phar |
|
Oberlin, N. |
A. B. |
|
Y. Univer- |
|
|
sity |
|
|
Cornell |
M. |
|
C. E. |
|
|
Ph.D. |
|
|
Illinois M. I. |
|
|
T. Harvard |
|
|
Cornell |
M. E. |
|
Western |
|
|
Reserve |
|
|
^lichigan, |
B. |
|
Columbia |
Ch. E. |
|
M. A, |
|
|
Illinois |
A. B. |
|
Pennsyl- |
M. A. |
|
vania |
B. S.
E. M.
B. S.
Purdue
Wisconsin,
Ohio State Cornell
Purdue
Cornell Columbia
Purdue Iowa State Cornell Cornell
M. I. T. Harvard
Chicago
Princeton. Columbia
Colorado
Mines,
Chicago,
Minnesota
Chinese Maritime
Custom Service
Teaching Mining
Engineer,
Han Ye Ping and Ta
Tung Coal Mines
Professor of Tsing
Hua College, Peking.
Sales man, Lam Olines and 33 Peking Road. ShanBhai.
China Electric, Government Rail- ways
Head of Accounting Dep't, Chiao-Chow Tsinan Railway
Tsingtao
B. S M. S.
B. S. M. S. Ph.D.
B. S.
B. S. M. D.
L. H. B.
B. Lit B. S. E. M. Met. E.
Wai-Chiao-Pu. Peking.
370 Avenue Haig. Shanghai
Mining Engineer, Chang Hsing;^:^:^^^!.^
Coal mines Wu-li-Chiao iang.
Professor, Chemical Dep't, Techincal College, Ilangchow. Chekiang
.Assistant Manager, The girls Commercial Bank. Shanghai.
Professor of Constuctural En- gin., Tong Shan University. Tong-Shan
Dean, Nanyang University Shanghai.
Bureau of Railroad, Ministry •<f Communications, Peking.
Ministry Auditor Bank.
of Communications, in Chung-Fco Union
^mmmmi^m
*:^S^IS.^i
®a42S!lS
Tien Li Co. 58 Kiangsi Road Shanghai.
China Photo Co. P. 377. Nanking Road Shanghai.
President of Nan-Wu Middle School, Canton
President of The South Eastern University of Nanking.
Secretary of Tuchun-Hsu vShansi
Professor, South-eastern Univer sity Nanking.
Manager of South-easten Con struction Co. 60 Kiangsi Road Shanghai.
Manager of Tung-Cheng Mining Co. Peking.
Engineer in Old Domin ion Copper Mining Co. U. S. A. Chemist Ch' Iron Co,,
iicago
it 4if
Engineer of Tung-Cheng Co. Tatung, Shansi.
Mi
urn
26S^
13
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Name (in English)
Niiiiir
In
Chinese
Scliolarship
Birtli place
Year of Birth
U.S.A.
Courses Studied
Kwong, Tsae-Ngoo
Kwoiik, S. Z.
Louisi H, M. L. Lee, D. H.
Lee, Kuang-Tao
Lee, Kung
Lee, Ping *Lee,.. S. D. *Lee, Shun-Ching
Lee, T. L. Li, Chi
Li, Chih Jen
Li, Chung
I.i, C. Li, Chuan Heng
*Li, Chuan Shih
Mrs. S. S. Kwan Li, Kang
Li,K.C.
Li, Kuang-Hsin
Li, Kuo-Chou Li, Kuo-Chi
m'^n
nmi
mm
Its
WW
^'t^^
^Wk
1916
Scholarship of 1910
Partial
Fellowship of 1916
Graduate of 1915
Fellowship of 1916
Scholarship of 1910
Scholarship of 1910
Fellowship of 1919
Scholarship
of 1909
Graduate of
1918
Graduate of 1917
Graduate of 1917
Graduate of
1917 Graduate of
1914
Graduate of 1918
1914
Graduate of 1914
Partial
Graduate of 1914
Graduate of 1914
Partial
Kwang- tung
Kwang- tung
Kwang-
tung Kiangsu
Chekiang
Kiangsu
Kiangsu Kiangsu Shantung
Hunan Hupeh
Hupeh
Kwang tung
Chihli
Kwang- tung
Chekiang
Che- kiang
Chekiang
Chekiang
Kwang- Tung
1890 1890
1896
1890 1891 1895
1890
1895 1898
1891 1895
1895 1877
1910- 1916
1910- 1919
1910-
1914
1910-
1914
1919-
1923
1909- 1916 1918- 1922
1917- 1922
1917- 1922
1917- 1922 1914- 1919
1918- 1922
1914- 1921
1914- 1921
Medicine Lib. Art.' Agriculture
Arts and Science. Agricuture, Biology. Engineering
Administration
Civil Engineering
Mining
Educational
Administration Forestry Botany
Engineering
Metallurgy Psychology
Sociology Arthropology Mining
Chemistry ,
Chemical j
Engineering ; Mining
Mining Civil Eng.
Finance
Economics
Education Medicine
Medicine
Pediatrics
Mechanical
Engineering
WHO'S WHO IN CHIXA
13
|
American institutions attended |
degree obtain- ed |
Past Occupation
Present Occupation
Present address
Mt. Holy
Yoke. Cornell Cornell
Missouri
Wisconsin Cornell
M. I. T.
Cornell University
Colorado
Alines Wisconsin
Columbia
Yale
University
Chicago
University
Columbia
Uni Clark Uni. Harvard Uni. Michigan Mines Penn- sylvania Indiana
M. I. T.
Michigan
Columbia Colorado
Mines Cornell Uni Beloit Coll- ege Chicago Uni. Colum- bia Uni. Mount
Holyoke
Pennsyl- vania. George Washington
Pennsyl- vania. Harvard. Phillips.
Exeter,
Academy,
M. I. T.
|
B. |
A. |
|
B. |
S. |
|
M. |
S. |
|
M. |
S. |
|
M.C.E. |
|
|
E. |
M. |
|
B. |
A. |
|
M. |
A. |
|
M. |
A. |
|
Ph.D. |
|
|
B. |
E |
|
B. |
S. |
|
M. |
A. |
|
Ph |
.D. |
|
B. |
^. |
|
E. |
M. |
|
M. |
A. |
|
B. |
S. |
|
M. |
S. |
|
C. |
E. |
|
B. |
A. |
|
M. |
A. |
|
Ph.D. |
|
|
M. |
D. |
|
M. |
D. |
|
B. |
S. |
Teaching
Registrar, Tsing Hua College, Peking
Wai-Chiao-Pu, Peking.
Middle School, Fuh-Tan Univer- sity Shanghai.
The Continental Corporation of China, 136 Szechuen Rd. Shang- hai.
Engineer, Building Peparttnent, Andersen Meyer & Co., L,td. \uen Ming Yuen Rd. Shanghai.
Dean, Riiddle School, Nanyang University, Shanghai.
Dean. Biology Department, Pe- king National Normal University Peking. Professor, Agricultural National University, Peking.
Professor, Nankai University Tientsin
51 San Tah Li, French Concesson Hankow
Chia-Yin Middle School, Swatow
Professor, Nankai University. Tientsin.
Professor of Kwang Tung Me- dical College, Hongkong
Dean of School of Commerce Fuh Tan University, Shanghai
College Physician, Tsing Hua College, Peking
i^m^imn's^^^
Locomotive Department, N ankow Station of Pekiiig-Suiyuan Railroad
Salt Revenue Peking, Chief In spectorate of Chinese Govern ment.
^m
14
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Name (in English)
Nil me
ill Chinese
Scholarship
liiith ])]ace
Li, Kuo-Chun Li, M.H. Li, Pao Liu
Li, Sing Dje Li, Siu-Kwang Li, Ta
Li, Tsu-Hsien
Li, Tsu-Fah
Li, T. P. Li, Y. P.
Li, Yao-Huang
Li, Yung-Ching Liang, Ching Hsia
Liang. C. T. Liang, Chuan Ling Liang, F. C. Liang, ring
Liang, Ting Kai
Liang, Yat-Chen *Liao, Sze-Chen
Liao, Wei Tzu Lieu, T. C. *Lin, C. C. *Lin, CIiih-Huang
Lin, Cliin-Ming
Lin, Chien-Cheng Lin, Chuan- Cheng
*^««f Graduate of ' 1914
^qljfl Scholarship
Graduate of 1913
^11.^ Scholarship
^ of 1910
$-S]^ Graduate of
Junior of 1914
Graduate of
1914 Graduate of
1917 Partial Partial
Graduate of 1912
^^Tc^iGraduate of
I 1912 iSJfvllC [Graduate of
* n 1917
Mft^ Scholarship
of 1911 ®@|&. Graduate of
I 1914 MH^ Partial
Year of Birth
¥
mm.
Graduate of 1916
Partial
Girl of 1916
Graduate of 1915
Graduate of
1912 Scholarship I of 1911 Kftg Graduate of I 1916 Hc]£!ti Graduate of 1917
i^i^"^
Graduate of 192U
Partial Partial
Kwang- Tung
Kiang-:u
Kwang- Tung
Anhwei Anhwei Kiangsu
Chekiang Chekiang
Fukien
Kwang" Tung
Kvvang- Tung
Kwang- Tung
Shan- Tun?
Kwang- Tung
Kwang- Tung
Kwang- Tung
Kiangsu
Fukien
Kiangsu
Fukien
Fukien
1891 1893
1891 1891 1898
1896
1891
1893
1890 1897
1898
U.S.A.
1909- 1914 1913- 1920
1910-
1915
1914-
1919
1914-
1921
1918- 1923
1911- 1918 1914- 1918
1916- 1919
1916- 1922
1915- 1919
1913
1918
1911-
1919
1916-
1921
1917-
1922
Courses Stuilied
Civil Engineerini
Chemistry
Economics
Mechanical
Engineering Ranking,
Business. Political Economy
Civil Engineering
Lib Arts, Econom- ics
Mechanical Engin. Business. Textile Engin. Mechanical
Engineering. Chemical Engine- ering
Political Science
Chemistry
Applied Econom- ics and Bankiiiir
Commerce
Arts Sociology
Education
1
Civil Engineering"
Lif Arts, Medicine
Ceremic Engin.
Lib Arts. Business, Bankin;
Economic,
Bankii
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
14
American
institutions
attended
(logrce obtain- ed
Past Occupation
Present Occupation
Present address
Purdue,
Harvard, Wisconsin.
Chicago. Wisconsin Harvard
M.I.T.
Illinois.
Columbia. Phillips
Exeter,
Academy
Harvard
Renssnnlaer
P.I.
Miami. Yale,
R. P. I. Columbia ^I. I. T M. I. T.
Rochester. Ohio State Columbia. Wisconsin.
Columbia Wisconsin, Chicago
M. A. C. Amherst Illinois Boston
Mt.Hol)oke, Chicago, Columbia.
Brown Columbia
Cornell
Michigan
Iowa State
Tritiity
College, Columbia Colorado. Pennsyl vania
B. S.
C. E. C. E.
Ph. B. M. A
A. M
B. S,
B. A, M. S
B. A
B. A.
B. A.
M. A
A. B.
M. S.
B. S.
B. A.
Dean of Commerce, Nahkai University. Professor of Tsing- hua College
Ph. B M. A. Ph. D. C. E
B. S, M. D. B. cer.
E. B. S
A. M M.
B. A
Professor oi Chemistry, Peking National Universty.
Industrial and Commercal Bank. Hongkong.
mm
Sub-Manager of Chung Union Dank, Tientsin,
Fooi^,i^tjBj;}tp7^;^
Treasurer, Director's Office of the Chinese Eastern Railway, Harbin,
The Contenantal Corporation ot China, 136 Road, Shanghai
Peking Union Hospital Peking, ;
University of Nanking, Nanking! J;^;ltH;i|J§i'^
iTaveh Iron Mines.
Bureau of Auditing Peking
Engineer Tai-Hu
Cement Co. Wusih Submanager of Chin- ese Cotton Co. 9 Ningpo Pd. Shanghai Correspondent
iliilf3K
Professor of Chemistry, Tsing 4bM^^*l^:5}jJ|" HuaCollge, Peking, ^|g] 39 ge
Cliinese American Bank of Com- merce, Nanking Road, Shanghai.
2438
Dean of Middle School, South-jMi eastern University, Nanking, p^^
Foochow, Hospital, Foochow
Engineer, the National Pottery Co. 149 Hwalum Road Shanghai.
Shin - Cheng & Co., French Concession, Tientsin
Teaching
Standard Oil Company, Shanghai Yun Ho Conservency Commis- sion, '1 ientsin.
^w^^mmm^
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Name (in English)
Name
in Chlnrse
Scholarship
Birth place
Year of Birth
U.S.A.
Courses Stmlied
Lin, C. Y. Lin, Dau-Yang Lin, I-Hsiang Lin, Kuo-Hao
Lin, Shu-Ming
Mrs. K. L. Hsieh Lin, Tall-Yang
*Ling, Chen-Ping
Ling, Ho IMin Ling Piao *Ling Shao-Chen
Ling Li
Liu, Cheng-Lin
Liu, Chi-Pan
Liu, Chiang
Liu, Chuang *Liu, Cheng-Fang Liu, Cheng-Hung
Liu, Da-Kuln
Liu, K. S.
Liu, J. H.
Liu, Laura Hua-Toai,
Liu, Nai-Yii
Liu, P.
*Liu, Shu- Yung
#^^
W^M
wum
1* it
^
m ^
mkfk
mri^
m m
Partial Partial
Graduate of
1920 Graduate of
1918
Graduate of 1916
1914
Graduate of 1915
Graduate of 1916
Partial Partial Graduate of 1915
Partial Graduate of
1914 Fellowship of 1919 Graduate of
1918
Graduate of
1917 Graduate of
1915 Graduate of
1918
Partial
Partial
Partial Girl of 1916
Graduate of 1914
Graduate of
1916 Graduate of
1918
Kwang-
Tung Chekiang
Chekiang Fukien
Kiangsu
Kvvang Tung
Fukien
Fukien
Hupeh Hupeh
Hunan
Fukien
Szechuen
Hupeh
Fukien
Kiangsu
Hupeh Fukien
Hunan
Kwang- Tung
1900
1893
1893 1895
1896
1890
1898 1899
1890
1897
1891
1916- 1922
1914- 1919 1915- 1920
1916- 1921
1915- 1920
1919- 1922 1918- 1923
1917- 1923
1918- 1923
Economics Chemistry
Architecture Art.
1918- 1922
History
Education,
Philosophy, Commerce.
Electrical
Engineering
Agriculture
Mining
Mettalurgy Education
Sociology
Education
Political Science,
Mechanical Engin.
Lib. Arts History.
Five Arts Business.
Agriculture Ceramic Engin.
WHO'S WHG LM CHINA
15
American
institutions
attended
degree obtain- ed
Past Occupation
Present Occupation
Present address
Johns
Hopkins Brown. Harvard
Medical Harvard Minnesota, Art student League, N. Y. City. Columbia
Dean Hall,
Wellesley
Yale
Columbia
Rochester, Columbia N.Y. University,
R. P. T.
Cornell
Columbia, Illinois
Iowa State Cornell
Cornell
Wisconsin, Harvard, Columbia
Illinois,
North Eastern
Ohio State, N.Y. Ceramic
B. A Ph. B. iVI. A Ph. D
B. S
B. A,
E. E.
M. A.
B. A. M. A Ph.D
M. E.
B. A. M. A.
National Comniercial Co., Peking.
B. A.
B. S,
Professor of History. Tsing Hua College, Peking.
The World Advertise- ment Co., N. Y.
Engineer, Anderson National Electrical Material Co. Shang- hai.
Teaching in Surgical Hospital Wu-Sung.
Agricultural and Forestry Com- mission, Tsingtao.
Secretary, Ministry of Finance, i*eking.
Union Trading Corperation. Tientsin.
Amoy University, Accounting Depart- ment, Chiao-Chow- Tsinan Railway Tsingtao.
Manager of Xational Advertise- ment Co. The Comniercial Press Co. Ltd. Shanghai.
Amoy University, Amoy. Wai-Chiao-Pu, Peking.
Assistant Manager, The National Pottery Co, 96- Szechuen Rd. Shanghai,
iL^Wm:f<9'
Peking National Normal Univer- sity, Peking.
Teaching in History, Anglo Chin- ese College, Foochow.
Professor, Min-Kuo-Univcrsity Peking,
Engineer, Nam-L,oong Rice Firm Sikung, Annan,
Professor, Nankai University, Tientsin.
Southeastern University, Nan king
Ching-Hua College, Wu-Chang.
Chief Accountant Union Trading Co. Tsingtao,
Min-Teh Middle School, Chang- sha.
Assistant Engineer, Chen-Kwon Pottery Co, Hongkong.
J:?«^ii!S 128 36 m'MWM
^m
16
WHO'S WHO IM CHINA
Name (in English)
Nttme
m
ChiiieHC
Scholarship
I'irtli place
Year of Birth
U.S.A.
Courses Studied
Liu,T. F.
Liu, W. W.
Lo, Ching-Sheng
Lo. Wai-Gyiao
Lo, Jung-An
Lo, Sen-Pi.
Loh, Ta.
Loll, Yuen Chang
Long, Barriny
Loo. Pang-Cliieh
Loo. ^L Y.
Lowe, Ching Ch'unj
Lu, Cheng Chih
Lu, C. T.
Lu, Chin-Wen
Lu, Feng- She Lu. Hsieh Chun
Lu, Hung-Tang *Lu, K.L.
Lu, Mao-De
Lu, Mo-Sheng Lu, P. K,
smi^
Partial
Scholarship
of 1910
Graduate of
1919
Scholarship of 1909
E^^ Graduate of I 1917
^#^ Graduate of 1 1913
JTCg
f^^m. Scholarship of 1911
Scholarship of 1910
Scholarship of 1911
Scholarship of 1911
Scholarship
of 1910
Graduate of
1915
Graduate of 1914
Scholarship of 1909
Graduate of 1914
P^E# Graduate of 1914
^?t^ Graduate of 1919
KMrSim Scholarship
of 1911 It^t^'lGraduate of 1918
Scholarship of 1911
Graduate of
1918
Scholarship
of 1909
Kwang- tung
Kwang- tung
Chekiang
Kwang- tung
Kwei- chow
Kiangsu
Kiangsu
Szechuen
Kwang- tung
Kiangsu
Chihii
Ivwang- tung
Kwang- tung
Kiangsu
Kiangsu Kiangsu
Kiangsu Chekiang
Shan- tung
Hupeh
Kiangsu
1891 1898
1897 1890
1891
1899
1892 1892
1896
1897 1890
1910- 1916 1919- 1923
1917- 1923
1914- 1920
1911-
1914
1910
1914
1911-
1916
1911- 1918
1910- 1916
Lib, Arts,
Civil Engin. Veterinary
Medicine
Naval Architec- ture Navril Construction
Mechanical Engin. Aeronautical Engin. Business. Chemistry
Political Science. Railroad Engin. Mining Petroleum
1909- 1915 1914- 1920
1919- 1924
1911. 1916
Mining Eng.
Metallurgy
Chemical
Engineering Railroad
Administration
Electrical
Engineering High Way
Engineering Medicine
Civil Engineering
Animal
Husbandry
Architecture Literature
1911- 1915
1918- 1928 1909- 1914
Education
Political Sc.
Economics and
Education
Agriculture
Chemistrv
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
16
American I degree
institutions obtaln-
attended c«l
Past Occupation
Present Occupation
Present address
Cornell
Kansas
State Agricultural College. M. I. T.
M. I. T. Columbia.
M.I.T. Yale. Columbia.
Wisconsin.
Cornell
Colorado ^ University Pittsburgh
Michigan M. I. T.
Lehigh
Illinois Uni
Lehigh Uni. Columbia
Jefferson Medical College
Cornell
B. A.
C E
D. V,
M.
S. B. M. S.
S. B. M. S.
Ph. B,
B. A, G. E.
B. S E. M, M. S
M. A. M. D
Iowa State RS-A College!^^-^'^ Washington Uni.l Cornell Uni Michigan
Uni
John's B. A
Hopkins M. A Harvard
Wisconsin B. A. Ohio State A. M.
Michigan |b. A.
HarvardjEd.M. Illinois _ B. A.
Columbia M. A.
Professor of Tsing Hua College. Peking
Engineer, Kwang Nan Dock and Eng ineeing works, Shang- hai
Mining Engineer of
Yung Sheng Co. Pei
Piao Coal Mines
St. John's University, Shanghai
Professor of South Eastern University, Nanking.
Register, Peking National Un iversity, Peking.
Teacher. X'ocational Institution and Provincial Law School, K weichow.
Standard Oil Co. Szechuen Rd. Shanghai,
Techical College & Salt Revened District Inspectorate, Chengtu. Szechuen
Professor of Tsing Hua College. Peking
South-Eastern University, Nan- king
Accountant Yao-Hua Mechanical Glass Co., Ltd. 1,37 Taku Road. Tientsin
Professor, Canton Christian College, Canton.
Engineeing Departrnent, Peking- Suiyuan Railroad, Chang-kia-kou
Hua-an Insurance Co. Shanghai
Construction Department, Pe- king-Hankow Railroad, Peking
The Third Provincial Agricul- tural College, Tsing-Chia-Pu, Kiangsu
mm
a 285 m
jmm:kmu7^
Secretary of Chinese Representatives'OfFice Washington Confer- ence, Head of English Department, South-Eastern Univ- ersity, Nanking. Professor of Govern- ment Law School Peking Teacher's College,
Wuchang
Arnhold and Co., Ltd. Szechuen Road Shanghai.
Head of English ' Department, Nankai University. Tientsin.
Professor of Tsing Hua College, Peking
Xorth-Eastern L'niversity Muk den
17
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
|
Name (in English) |
>'aiue In Chinesf |
Scholarship |
Uiith place |
Year of in Birth U.S.A. |
Courses Studied |
|
|
Lu, S. C. |
mum |
Junior of 1914 |
Kwang- tung |
1914- 1919 |
Journalism, Lib. Arts & Science |
|
|
Lu, Sheu Wen |
S.m^ |
Partial |
||||
|
Lti, Yen-Chih Luk, Ming |
1^ m |
Graduate of 1913 Graduate of 1917 |
Anhwei Kwang- tung |
Architecture Commercial Banking |
||
|
Ma, Kuo-Chi |
s^m%n |
Graduate of 1913 |
Kiangsu |
1913- 1916 |
Political Sc. Law |
|
|
Ma, HC. |
mn*^ |
Scholarship of 1910 |
Chihii |
1892 |
1910- 1916 |
Mechanics |
|
*Mai, T. H. |
^&m |
Graduate of 1917 |
Kwang- tung |
1917- 1919 |
Banking |
|
|
*Mao, Thomson Easou |
^B^- |
Followship of 1916 |
Kiangsu |
1896 |
1916- 1920 |
Bridge Engineering |
|
Mei, Chen Yuan |
^IEtc |
Partial |
Hupeh |
|||
|
Mei, Chien Hong Mei, Kuang Ti |
Partial scholarship of 1911 |
Anhwei |
1889 |
1911- 1919 |
Political Sc. Literature |
|
|
Mei, Y. C. |
ms&n |
Scholarship of 1909 |
Tientsin |
1889 |
1909- 1914 |
Electricity Physics |
|
*Moo, Tin-Yin Maw, V. T. |
Graduate of 1915 Scholarship of 1910 |
Kwang- tung Kiangsu |
1893 1890 |
1915- 1921 1910- 1916 |
Architecture Engineering Engineering |
|
|
New, Tsun Yeang Ni, Chien Hou |
Scholarship of 1911 Graduate of 1914 |
Chekiang Fukien |
1896 |
1911- 1915 1914- 1916 |
Agriculture Economics Busi- ness |
|
|
Niu, En-Chao Nyi, F. T. *Pan Chen Wen |
mm |
Graduate of 1914 Partial Graduate of 1919 |
Kiangsu Fentien |
1893 |
1914- 1919 1919- 1923 |
Civil Engineering Mining |
|
*Pan, Hsieh An |
m^^ |
Graduate of 1913 |
Kiangsu |
1914- 1918 |
Economics |
|
|
Pan, W. H. |
?S]Jt«j |
Partial |
Kiangsu |
|||
|
Pao Kao Puo |
li&ISW |
Graduate of 1918 |
Kwang- tung |
1889 |
1918- 1923 |
Mechanics |
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
17
|
American |
1 dogree |
|
institutions |
obtaln- |
|
attended |
I ed |
Past Occupation
Present Occupation
Present address
Wesleyan 'B. A Illinois
Cornell
|
Dartmouth |
M. |
A |
|
College |
||
|
Pittsburgh |
||
|
Columbia |
||
|
Harvard |
M. |
A |
|
Columbia |
||
|
Wisconsin |
B. |
S |
|
Columbia |
M. |
s |
ChicagoUni. M. A.j Columbia
Secretary, Ho Feng Bank, Singapore
Accountant of the Far
Eastern Bank,
Hongkong
Chief Accountant, the National Commercial and Savings Bank, Hongkong.
South-Eastern Construction Co., 60 Kiangsi Road Shanghai
Teaching in the Industrial and Commercial College, 136 Con- naught K.<ad, West Hongkong
Cornell
Carnegie I.T.
Wisconsin
North-
WesternUni
Harvard
Worcester
Uni.
Chicago,
Coluraljia
Columbia,
Illinois Michigan Pennsyl- vania Illinois
Cornell Western
Reserve Pennsyl vania Harvard M. I. T.
Lehigh Uni.
Michigan
Columbia
Pennsyl
vania
Cornell
MCli
Dr.
Eng.
B. S, M. A,
B. vS.
B. A.
R. S. M. S.
B. A.
B.S.A
B. S. M. S,
S. B,
B. S. E. M,
B. A.
M. E,
Dean of Tangshan Colles
VVai-Chiao-Pu
Miiiistry of Communications, Professor of Peking National Normal University.
Manager of Industrial and Com- mercial Bank, I<td., Hongkong.
Head of Engineering Dept. of South-Uastern University.
iifimmnj^
n
Hongkong In- dustrial & Com- mercial Bank, Yok Building. Cuaster Road Hongkong South-Eastern University, Nanking
Professor of South-Eastern Un- iversity.
Professor of Physics of Tsing Hua College, Peking.
Designer of The Continental Corporation of China.
Ministry of Communications, Pe- king.
Professor of Agriculture, Tsing Hua College, Peking
Chinese American Bank of Com- merce, Shanghai.
Professor of Hunan Technical College, Changsha.
Head of Mining Dept. North- Eastern University, Mukden
Asia Life Insurance Co., Shang- hai.
Professor of Mathematics, Tsing Hua College, Peking.
Teacher of Electric Engin. Chekiang Technical College, Hangchow.
South-Eastern University, Nanking
Tsing Hua College, Peking
136 Szechuan Rd. Shanghai
Tsing Hua College, Peking
c. B. 261 m.
Wi^yi^m^^r^-t-
Asia Life In- surance Co., shanghai Tsing Hua College, Peking
18
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
|
Name (in English) |
Name In Chinese |
Scholarship |
Birth place |
Year of Birth |
in U.S.A. |
Courses Studied |
|
Pei, Tung Yuing |
&tkm |
Graduate of 1919 |
Szechuen |
1895 |
1919- 1924 |
Political Economj Municipa Administration |
|
Ping, C. |
« i£ |
Scholarship of 1909 |
Honan |
1890 |
1909- 1913 |
Agriculture |
|
Sen, Tan Shi |
mmm |
Scholarship of 1909 |
Kwei- chow |
1882 |
1910- 1915 |
Mining |
|
Shah, Tao-Kang |
Kmm |
Junior |
||||
|
Shen, Kao |
?* i$ |
Graduate of 1918 |
Chekiang |
1895 |
1918- 1924 |
Chemical Eng. Photograph} |
|
Shen, Kwan Mi |
?**^ |
Graduate of 1917 |
Chihli |
1895 |
1917- 1921 |
Metallurgy |
|
♦Shen, Leo |
Jjfc S Graduate of |
Szechuan |
1897 |
1918- |
Social Science |
|
|
1918 |
1923 |
Psycolog\ Educatioi |
||||
|
Shen, Liang Hua |
imm |
Fellowship of 1917 |
Kiangsu |
1895 |
1917- 1921 |
Electrical Engineering |
|
Shen, Nye |
m 3C |
Scholarship of 1910 |
Fukien |
1893 |
1910- 1914 |
Mechanical Engineering |
|
Shen, Pen Fei |
ikmm |
Graduate of 1917 |
Kwang. tung |
1873 |
1917- 1921 |
Forestry |
|
Shen, Sumin Ellsworth |
7tmm |
Scholarship of 1911 |
Chekiang |
1890 |
1911- 1915 |
Chemistry |
|
Shen, Tsu Way |
'Amn |
Scholarship of 1910 |
Chekiang |
1892 |
1910- 1914 |
Railroad Engineerjnj |
|
Shen, Tsu-Yun |
ikVL^ |
Partial |
||||
|
Shen, Tsun-Chee |
itnm |
Graduate of 1916 |
Chihli |
1894 |
1916- 1922 |
Medicine |
|
Shih, Shun |
A it |
Scholarship |
Kwang- |
1911- |
Leterature |
|
|
of 1911 |
tnng |
1918 |
Mechanic |
|||
|
Shou, Sung-Wan |
mmn |
Graduate of 1914 |
Che- kiang |
1914- 1916 |
Chemistry |
|
|
*Shito, Y |
m^m |
Scholarship of 1911 |
Kwang- tung |
1911- 1916 |
Lib. Arts Financ |
|
|
Si, I-Shuan |
AUM |
Scholarship of 1911 |
Shan- tung |
1886 |
Finance Busines |
|
|
Soong, T. V. |
5fe-^^ |
Partial |
Kiangsu |
|||
|
Su, Lo-Cheh |
Mm^ |
Graduate of |
Fukien |
1917- |
Sugar Eng. |
|
|
, |
1917 |
1923 |
Mechanical Enjj |
|||
|
Sun, Chi-Tin |
mmr |
Scholarship |
Shan- |
1911- |
Electric Engineer |
|
|
of 1911 |
tung |
1916 |
ing |
|||
|
*Sun, En-Lin |
^^m |
Graduate of 1914 |
Kiangsu |
1914- 1918 |
Agriculture |
|
|
Sun, Hsueh-Wu |
«*t^ |
Scholarship of 1911 |
Shan- tung |
1888 |
1911- 1919 |
Chemistry |
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
18
American degree
institutions obtain-
attended ed
Past Occupation
Present Occupation
Present address
Beloit,
Chicago
National
Institute
of Public
Adm.
Cornell
Columbia
Ohio State Illinois College of Photo. Pip. Carnegie
I.T. Miami,
Chicago Wisconsin Columbia Columbia Cornell Cornell
Oregon
Agri Yale
Michigan Cornell
Michigan
Ph.B,
B. A, E. M.
B.
Ch. E.
B. S.
Ph.B. Ph.M.
E.
M. E E. M,
E. E. M B. S M. E
A. B
E. G. E.
M. D,
Chief Engineer of
Hua-Chang Co., Changsha, Hunan
Research Chemist and Motion Pictures Photography and Director
Librarian, Nanking Conservancy College, Nanking
National Agricultural University, Peking Canton Agri. College Professor of Wu- chang Teacher's Col- lege Dean of Peking Teacher's College
South-Eastern University, Nan king
Professor of Geology of South- Eastern University, Nanking
Hanyang Iron-Steel Works, Hang-Yong, Hupeli
President of Pao-Tung Middle School, Shanghai, Professor of Utopia Uni. Shanghai
Engineer, Chi-i Electrical. Co. Shanghai
Engineer of the Tangshan Fac tory of Peking-Fentien Railway, Tangshan.
Secretary of Industrial and Commercial Bank, Hongkong.
Western
Reserve! Harvard IB. A.
Purdue M.I.T.
Case School M. S
Cornell
Michigan Harvard
Louisiana
Cornell Purdue Uni.
Illinois
Louisiana
Harvard
A. B, Ph.D. A. B
M.B.A
3. B. M. E B. S.
B.S A. M.S. A,
A. B,
mit^m^^m^s.^i
mm
29 m
±mi^u-xm
Professor of The Peking Govern- Jt.?$S^^?»p460 ment University
Professor of Physics Nankai Uni. & Head of Chemistry of Kailan Mining Administra- tion
President, Nanking Conservancy College, Nanking. Boone University. Wuchang Dept. of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Peking
Assistant Director of the Electric Dept of the Eastern Railway, Harbin
Manager of China Commercial Bank, Shanghai
iHead of the Material Dept of Kiaochow-Tsinan Railway, Tsingtao
The ivlechanical Dept. of Kiao- chow-Tsinan Railway, Tsingtao
President of the First Agricul tural Academy, of Kiangsu, Nan king
Head of Hwang-Hai Chemistry .Association
Y. M. C. A.
Peking
54 Tamorshen-
aya St., Apt.
No. 9 New
Town, Harbin
±mmimu^
±mmMm9m
19
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Name (in English)
Ktimc
in Chinese
Scholarship
Hirth place
Year of Birth
U.S.A.
Courses Studied
Sun, Hyne *Sitn, Lei
Sun, To-Shuen
Sun, Yun-Hsiao
Sun, Y. F. Sung, C. H.
Sze Arthur T.Y. Sze, Fredric C.
Sze, Y. T. Tai, Chi-Chen Tai, En-Zai Tai, Fang-Lan Tai, S. T. Tan, Chee-Tseng Tan, Hwi Tan, Chen Tan, Tsang-Ying Tang, Chen-Yew
Tang, Hung-Yee Tang, P. S.
♦Tang. Ping- Yuan
Tang, Shao-Fau Tan, Wen-Kai
Tang, Yiieh Tong, Yung-Tung
Tang. Richard W. C.
Scholarship Chekiang
of 1910 Graduate of Chekiang 191^
Graduate of Anhwei 1915
Graduate of Kiangsu 1917
Partial
Scholarship Fukien of 1911
1891
1897
Graduate of
1914 Graduate of
1916
i !^|Scho!arship
i of 1910 ,i?.^ Partial
Graduate of
1914 Graduate of
1913 Scholarship
of 1909 Scholarship
of 1911 Partial
Fellowship of 1917
Scholarship of 1910
Graduate of 1918
Scholarship
of 1910 Partial
^1
m
m ^
Graduate of 1920
Graduate of
1916 Graduate of
1917
Graduate of
1913 Graduate of
1917
Graduate of 1919
Chekiang Kiangsu
Kiangsu
Kiangsu
Kwang-
tung Hupeh
Hupeh
Szechuen
Kwang
tung Kwangsi
Kwangsi
Kwang- tung
Kiangsu
Kiangsu
Fukien Hupeh
Kwang- tung
1890
1890
1892
1910- 1915
1915- 1921
1917- 1922
1911- 1919
1916- 1920
1910- 1917
1914- 1918
1911- 1916
1910- 1915
1910- 1914
1920- 1923
Banking Financi Commerce
Met. E., E.M.
Mechanical Eng. Engin. Adra.
Naval Architec- ture
Electric Engin. Lib. Arts Banking
Naval Archit.
Mechanical Eng. Library Science
Law
Botany
Mechanics
Commerce
Civil Eng.
Hydraudlic Zan Chemistry
Agriculture
Chemical Engin.
Textile Engin.
Engin Adm
1917- 1923
1918- 1922
1919- 1924
Banking Finance
Phsycology Philosophy
Chemical Engin. Engin. Adm,
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
19
|
American |
degree |
||||
|
institutions |
obf |
aiu- |
Past Occupation |
Present Occupation |
Present address |
|
attended |
ea |
||||
|
Assessment Dept, of the Eastern |
|||||
|
Railway in Haibin |
|||||
|
Beloit |
A. |
B. |
Professor of Xankai University, |
^^ii^;^* |
|
|
College |
M. |
s. |
Tientsin |
^ |
|
|
Columbia |
|||||
|
Lehigh |
Met. E. |
Surveyor Chinchow |
\ii Mmmm^n |
||
|
E. |
M |
Railroad Ministry of Communications |
n*^ |
||
|
Cincinnati |
B. |
s. |
Teaching, flunan Technical Col- |
||
|
M.I.T. |
M. |
E. |
lege |
||
|
Cornell |
Officer of Naval Building |
||||
|
Michigan |
B.M.E. |
Head of Engineering |
|||
|
M. I. T. |
Section of the Ministry of Com- munications |
Tsmm |
|||
|
R. P. T. |
Chinese Merchants Navigation Company |
m.294^ |
|||
|
Harvard |
A. |
B. |
Assistant Manager |
Secretary of China & South Sea |
.tm^^m^'if |
|
Wisconsin |
M. |
A. |
of Hsiu-Hung Bank, Peking |
Bank Ltd. Shanghai |
|
|
M. I. T. |
B. |
s. |
EnKineer of the Mechanical Dept |
±mm^i^mn |
|
|
Columbia |
M. |
S. |
of Shanghai-Hongchow Railway |
mmm |
|
|
N.Y.Librarj' |
B.I..S.I |
Librarian of Tsing Hua College. |
|||
|
School |
Peking |
||||
|
Columbia |
Costora, Chinese Maritime, VVoo- chow |
||||
|
Wisconsin |
Professor of South-Eastern University. Nanking |
||||
|
M.I.T. |
Tsing-Ho |
Harbor Engin, of Kiaochow Port Tsingtao |
|||
|
Michigan |
B. |
A. |
mmmmmm |
||
|
M. |
A. |
Bond Dept. of Ministry of Finance, Peking Mannger of Lam Glines & Co., Tientsin |
4442^ 49fS:/t7C^8] |
||
|
Michigan |
B. |
E. |
The First Girls' Normal School, |
||
|
Columbia |
M. |
S. |
Nanking |
||
|
Purdue Uni. |
|||||
|
Michigan |
i |
)&m±m±m |
umummmo |
||
|
Lowell |
s. |
B. |
Vice-Manager and Engineer |
ummm^m^ |
|
|
Textile |
Chin-Fong Cotton Weaving and Spinning Co., Ltd. Wusih |
||||
|
School |
|||||
|
M. I. T. |
|||||
|
Carleton |
B. |
A. |
Professor of Nankai L'niversity |
||
|
Chicago |
M. |
A |
^m]im |
||
|
Columbia |
|||||
|
Cornell |
The Commercial Press Ltd., Shanghai |
||||
|
Hamlin |
B. |
A. |
The Head of The Philosophical |
||
|
Harvard |
M. |
A. |
Dept. of South-Eastern Univer- sity, Nanking |
||
|
Carnegie ; |
S. |
A. |
imm^Hiamm |
||
|
I.fT. |
^m^ |
20
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
|
Name (in Englisli) |
Name in Chinese |
Scholarship - |
Itirth place |
Year of Birth |
in U.S.A. |
Courses Studied |
|
Tao, W. T. |
W'^jf |
Partial |
Anhwei |
|||
|
Ting, M. Y. Ting, Soo-Yun Ting, Zun-Kun-Alfred |
rmm TAIS |
Partial 1918 Fellowship of 1918 |
Shan- tung Kiangsi |
1899 1898 |
1919- 1922 |
Zoology, Music Civil Engin. |
|
Tang, K. S. Tang, Y. L. Tang, Lita |
Garduate of 1916 1914 Partial |
Kwang- tung Kiangsu Kwang- tung |
1894 |
Economics Railroad Adm. Lib. Arts. |
||
|
Tang, Y. T. |
B^%1f |
Partial |
||||
|
Tang, Yoch-Liang Tang, Yang-Yuih |
Scholarship of 1909 Graduate of 1915 |
Kwang- tung Anhwei |
1891 |
Education, Politic- Chemistry |
||
|
Tsai, Hsiung Tsai, Hsiang |
n m m m |
Graduate of 1914 Scholarship of 1911 |
Chekiang Hupeh |
1889 |
1911- 1916 |
Mining Mining |
|
Tsai, S. C. |
mm |
1916 |
Kiangsu |
1898 |
1916- 1921 |
Chemistry ^ |
|
Tsai, Hsing-Wu |
^ME |
Graduate of 1913 |
Kwang- tung |
1914- 1920 |
Economics Finance |
|
|
Tsai, Chin-Pin Tsen |
W^"^ |
Graduate of 1916 |
Chekiang |
1892 |
1916- 1920 |
Economics |
|
Tsai, C. M. Tsao, M. T. Tsao. Ming-Luan |
mm |
Partial Graduate of 1916 Graduate of 1918 |
Chekiang Kiangsu Hon an |
1895 |
1918- 1923 |
Business Chemical Eng. Chemistr\ |
|
Tsao, Ting *Tsao, Y. S. |
w m |
Graduate of 1917 Partial |
Kwang- tung Kiangsu |
1895 1881 |
1917- 1921 1909- 1914 1910- 1915 |
Sugar Eng. Arts and Business |
|
Tsen, Mong-Kong |
m.ik% |
Scholarship of 1918 |
Szechuen |
1888 |
Research Mechan Electric Engin. |
|
|
Tseng, C. C. Tseng, Chen-i Tseng, Hung-Kwei |
Scholarship 1909 Graduate of 1918 Graduate of 1917 |
Hunan Kiangsi Kiangsu |
1894 |
1909- 1916 |
Electricity Education Law |
|
|
T£Ou, T. H. |
»]!£^ |
Partial |
Kiangsu |
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
20
American
institutions
attended
degree
obtain*
ed
Past Occupation
Present Occupation
Present address
.\rt. Holyoke
Columbia
Cornell
Wisconsin
California
Bowdoin
College Wellesley
John's
Hopkins
Yale B.
Princeton M.
A. B. M. A, M.C.E.
A. B,
Missouri
Wisconsin
Columbia
Lehigh Uni.
Colorado
Uni.
Vassar
College
Columbia
Chicago
N. Y. Uni
Harvard
Columbia
Harvard
Purdue Uni. Cornell „
Louisiana
Uni. Harvard
London Cornell Uni. Union
College
M. I. T.
Grinnel Col. Harvard
E. M.
Ph. B, M.B.A,
M.B.A S. B,
B. S,
B. A, M.B.A
M. E.
M. S.
S. B
Educational Work
Technical College,
Hunan
Secretary of
Y.M.C.A. Shanghai iThe Business Dept. of Tsing Hua College, Peking
Professor of Tsing Hua College, Peking
M. E. of Lieu-Chiang
Coal Co. Ching-
wangtao, Tsingtao
Professor of Nankai University, Tientsin
Professor and Dean of Futan University, Shanghai
Professor of Futan University, Shanghai Engineer of Wash- ington Paper Mills
Diplomatic
Superintendent of
Engineer of the
Chinese Eastern
Railway & Teacher
of Kwang-i Medxal
School
Engineer of Electric
Light Co., Peking
The National Association for The Advancement of Education in China, Peking
The Ministry of Communications Teacher of Shanghai College, Shanghai
Professor of Water-Power of Nanking Conservancy College, Nanking
The Transportation Dept. of TheMinistry of Communications
President of Foo-Hai mercial School. Shanghai
Wai-Chiao-Pu
C/O Y.M.C.A. [Shanghai
The Engineering Dept. of Che- kiang Technical College. Hang- chow
Mayar Silk Mill, Shanghai
The Industrial and Commercial Bank, Hongkong
Professor of Tsing Hua College and Alumni Secretary
In Business
Head of Science Dept. and Professor of Chemistry Chun- Chow Uni: Honan
Professor of Nanyang Uni, and
Engineer of Chun-Hwu Kou-
Ming Sugar Mills
President of Tsing Hua College,
Peking
Professor of Electric Engin, of Tangshan Uni. Tangshan
President i)f Ming-chen Primary School, Hunan
General office of the Traffic Dept. of the Nanking-Shanghai Railway, Shanghai
mmm^m^^
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Ju-Ta Salt Refining Co. Shanghai
Ltd.
21
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Name (in English)
Kunie
in Chinese
Scholarship Birth place
Year of Birth
U.S.A.
Courses Studied
*Tsou, P.W.
Tsou, P. Y.
Tsou, P. W. Tsu, Lan-Tsung
Tsui, Yu Lin
Tsung, Chih-Hsin
Tu, Kuang-Tsu Tu, Yu-Ching Tung, J .C. Shih
Tung, S. C. Van, Yung-Tsun Wang, C. P.
Wang, Chao-Chi Wang, C. C.
*Wang, Chen Fuh
*Wang, Chen Hsu Wang, C. C. *Wang, C. Y.
*Wang, Chin Wang,Ching-Hsien
Wang, C. Y.
Wang,
Wang, Chun Hao
Wang, FanrChun
Wang, F. H.
Wang.H.C.
Partial
Partial
Partial
1918
Graduate of
1911 Graduate of
1920
Graduate of
1918 *-iraduate of
1914 Graduate of
1918
Graduate of
1918 Graduate of
1909 Graduate of
1901
I^feg^lGraduate of 1917 Fellowship of 1916
-k±
mk±
Graduate of 1909
Kiangsu
Kiangsi
Kiangsu Kiangsu
Anhwei
Hupeh
Kiangsu
Hupeh
Chekiang
Kiangsu
Kiangsi
Shan- tung
Kiangsu
Kiangsu
Kiangsu
1889 1889
1892 1890 1886
1918
1923
1911-
1916
1920-
1923
1918- 1921
1919- 1923
1914- 1918 1909- 1915 1909- 1914
1917- 1922
Graduate of Chekiang
1912 Partial
Graduate of 1917
Graduate of
1909 Graduate of
1913
Fellowship of 1918
Graduate of
1911 Partial
Partial
Girl of 1914
Graduate of 1910
Szechuan
Chekiang Chi hi i
Chekiang
Fukien
Hupeh
Kwang- tung
Chihli
1885 1891
1891
1894
1909- 1913
1913- 1918
1917- 1921
Agriculture
Medicine Zoology l Mining Geology Business
Mech. Engin.
Civil Engin.
Education
Psychology
Economics
Municipal Gov. Sanitary Engin.
Psychology
Education Sociology Veterinary
Medicine Mech-Engin.
Military Sc.
Pure Sc. Economics
Chemical Engin. Industrial Chem.
1909- Chemistry 1915
Civil Engin.
1918- 1923
1911- 1915
1916- 1918 1914- 1910
1910- 1916
Civil Engin. Archit. Engin.
Mining
Education Commerce Lib Arts and
Music Piano
Physics and
Electric Engin.
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
21
American
institutions
attended
degree obtain- ed
Past Occupation
Present Occupation
Present addreis
Cornell Uni
Michigan
Columbia Colorado
Chicago Michigan Columbia
Cornell
M. I. T.
M. I. T.
Clark
Cornell Columbia Michigan
California M. I. T.
Michigan
Iowa State M. I. T.
Harvard
|
Yale |
A. |
B |
|
Princeton |
A. |
M |
|
Tutts |
S. |
B |
|
College |
M. |
A |
|
Harvard |
S. |
M |
|
Lehigh Uni. |
M. |
E |
|
Lehigh Uni. |
c. |
E |
|
Cornell |
M. |
|
|
c. |
E. |
|
|
Cornell |
M. |
|
|
Columbia |
c. |
E. |
|
Brooklyn |
||
|
Lehigh Uni. |
E. |
M |
Chicago
Wellsley
Col.
Music
School Lehigh
Columbia
B. S
B. S M. A, M. t:
A. B
M. S
S. B.
B. A. A. M
M. A,
M. S
Ph. D
V. D.
S. B E. M
B. A.
Professor of South-Eastern Uni,
(m
Hunan Technical
College
- ■
^m
The Head of the
Teacher's Dept. of Nanking Uni Professor of South- EasternUni. Nanking.
Nanking.
Professor of English, South Eastern Uni.. Nanking.
Woochang Commercial College
Professor of Engin. Dept. South Eastern Univerity, Nanking South-Eastern University, Nan king
Professor of Nankai Uni,, Tien tsin
Private English Teacher in Mr, Wang's Home, Tientsin.
Professor of Nanyang Uni,, Shanghai
Secretary of the Directors Office Chinese Eastern Railway, Har bin.
Ching-Kiang 3rd Agricultural
School Gendarmery Office of the Ministry of Communications, Peking.
Dean of the University of Com- munication and Professor of the Peking National Uni, Peking
The Union Girls' School
Chemist, E. I. Dupont Chief Chemist, E. I. Dupont De
De Memourse & Co UTrX-^^ '^ ^''•* ^ "
Wilmington Del' US. ^'^^"^•"^'
A.
Professor of South-Eastern Uni
Nanking
Ho-Hai Conservancy Commission Tientsin
j^3»»jis^i^^ ^i^mmmmMm
M. A
E. E. M. S.
iUnion Trading Corporation, Tientsin
Tientsin Technical College Pe king.
Registrar's, Tsing Hua College Peking
Peking Electric Eight and Power Co., Peking
c/o Tsou P. Y. HAM
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22
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Name (in English)
Name
In
Chinese
Scholarshij)
Birth place
lYear of in Birth U.S.A.
Courses Studied
Wang, Hsi-Chang
*Wang C. John Wang, Ken
Wang, Kuo-Chun
Wang, K. K. *Wang, M. D. Wang, S. Y. Wang, S. H. Wang, Seng-Hai Wang, Shan-Chuan
Wang, K. P. Wang, C. H.
*Wang, C. C.
Wang, Tse-Che
Wang, Tat-Chi
Wang, Tsu-Lin
*Wang, Wen-Pei
Wang, Y. Wang, Y. C.
Wang, Yun-Chi Wei, Ting-Shen
Graduate of 1913
3E MiGraduate of 1909
Graduate of 1911
Graduate of 1915
Partial
Graduate of
1911 Graduate of 1910 SE'Cr'H'Graduate of
I 1918 I^a^ Graduate of 1910 Graduate of 1911
I#f^
mm
Graduate of
1916
Fellowship
of 1916
Partial
£-fc??S Graduate of 1909
ff^S,Graduate of 1917
£11^ Graduate of I 1^17
3EXi*
Graduate of 1913
3E SiiGraduate of 1910 Graduate of 1910
Graduate of
1918 Graduate of
1911
|
Fukien |
1893 |
|
Chihli |
|
|
Kiangsu |
1895 |
|
Kiangsu |
1894 |
|
Chekiang |
|
|
Kwang- tung Kwang- tung Anhwei |
1891 |
|
Kiangsu |
|
|
Szechuan |
1896 |
|
Kiangsi |
|
|
Chekiang |
|
|
Chekiang |
1896 |
|
Anhwei |
|
|
Kiangsu |
1896 |
|
Chihli |
|
|
Kiangsu |
1890 |
|
Kiangsu |
1890 |
|
Chekiang |
1897 |
|
Hupeh |
1892 |
1914- 1920
1909- 1917
1911- 1918
1912- 1919
1911- 1914
1910- 1914 1916- 1920
1909- 1912
1917- 1922
1917- 1922
1913- 1919
1910- 1916 1910- 1918
1918- 1922 1911- 1920
Metallurgy
Mining Research
Chemistry
History, Politics, Economics Military Sc.
Economics and
History
Finance
Mechanics
Military Sc.
Mechanical Engin.
Agriculture
Cotton Botony
Home Economics Mining
English and
Psycology
Chemical Engin. Paper Engin.
Lib. Arts. Political Sc. Economics. Banking
Psycology Education
Agricultural Mech. Paper Engin.
Textile Engin.
Literary, Govt, & Eco. Business Adm. Banking, Finance
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
22
American
institutions
attended
degree obtain- ed
Past Occupation
Present Occupation
Present address
M. I. T.
Columbia Harvard
Wisconsin Pratt Instit- tute Columbia Princeton Y.S. Milit- ary Ac.
Princeton Columbia
Wisconsin
Colorado
V,M. School
Michigan
Louisiana Georgia
Williston Sem, Har- vard Uni. Ohio State. Maine Uni, Columbia ChicagoUni.
N. Y. Uni.
Pennsyl- vania Columbia Cornell Uni.
Michigan
Uni.
Lowell
Textile Michigan Harvard
S. B. A. M.
B. A. M. S.
BXitt. gradu- ate
Litt.B.
M. A.
B. A,
Eng.
B. S,
B.
S. A. M. S,
Protessor of Tsing Hua Col., and Secret- ary of the Locomotive Dept. of the Chenese Eastern Railway Professor of Tientsin Technical College
Editor of Shun Pao. Peking-Daily News and Peking Leader
B. S.
B. S
A. B. M.
B. A,
Head of Cotton Dept
Nan-Tung-chow
Agricultural College
Nan-Tung-chow.
Tien-Yuan Coal Co,. Ming-Hua Station. Shangtung
Chemical Engineer
of Washington Paper Mills Chekiang Industrial
Bank, Shanghai
Mechanic of the
Paper Mill of the Ministry of Finance
Professor of Nan- king Teacher's College and Peking Teacher's Col, Uni of Communications
Sub-Master of the Navigation Dept. of the Chinese Eastern Railway
Chief Manager and Chief En- gineer of Hua Pie Tannery, Tien tsin
Sub-Master of Gendarmery office of the Ministry of Communica tions, Peking
The Ministry of Communication
P>ank of Communications, Shangl'ai
Hsin Hua Savings Bank, Shang hai
The Governor's Office of Kiangsi Nanchang
Construction Section, Standard Oil Co., of N.Y.Shanghai
Professor of the South-Eastern Uni. Nanking
Peking Union ^fedical Col.
President of the 3rd Agricul tural School, 'Tsingkiang.
Kiangsu
Teacher of the Fourth Middle School, Xingpo, Cheking
Professor of Peking Normal Hua Uni, Peking
Executive Secretary of Tsing College, Peking
Peking Normal National Uni, Peking
mnv^^^w^mMMm
China Bank and Professor of Salt Revenue College
I^IODJI
mm
SL22m
mm
23
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Name (in English)
In Chinese
Scholarship
Birth place
Year of r>irth
U.S.A.
Courses Studied
Wei, W. P. Wen, Tsu-Yen
Wen, Wan-CIiin
Wen, Yu-Ching Wang, Park-Lin
Wang, Yuan-Dau Woo, Chen-Lott
Woo, Hvey-Jung Woo, Tsing-Too
Woo, S. M.
Woo, Tsun-Kwei Woo, Y. L. Wood, Ge-Zay
Woo, Y. T.
Wu, Chen-IyU Francis
Wu, Chin-Lieh
Wu, Chin-Sheng
Wu, Hsien Wu H. H.
Wu, Hsin Ping Wu, Hsing Yeh *Wu, K. Y. Wu, Soluisto
iS.^m
nm^
^
Graduate of
1909 Graduate of
1918
Graduate of 1915
Gradnate of
1914 Graduate of
1915
Graduate of
1915 Graduate of
1915
Gradnate of
1915 Graduate of
1909
Graduate of 1910
Graduate of
1915 Scholarship
of 1909 Graduate of
1915
Partial
Fellowship
of 1919
Graduate of
1914
Graduate of 1916
Scholarship of 1911
Fellowship of 1917
Graduate of
1917 Graduate of
1915 Scholarship
of 1910
Scholarship
of 1911
Chihli Chihli
Kwang tung
Kwang tung
Kwang - tnng
Kiangsu Kiangsu
Fukien
Kiangsu Kiangsu Kiangsu
Kiangsu Chekiang
Fukien
Fukien
Kiangsu
Kiangsu
Chihli
Kwang-
tung Kiangsu
1890 1894
1895
1895
Kwang
tung Fukien 1893
1890 1887
1892
1896 1894
1896
1896 1895
1895 1894 .1892 1888
1909- 1915 1918- 1912
1915- 1919
1915- 1920
1913- 1915
1912- 1915 1909- 1914
1910- 1917
1909- 1915 1915- 1922
1920- 1922 1914- 1919
1916- 1922
1911- 1920
1917- 1920
1917- 1923 1916- 1922
1911- 1915
Public Education
EconoiTiics
Mathematics
Business Adm.
Banking
Economics
Business Chemical Engin.
Economics
Accounting General Sc
Electrical Engin
Medicine Public
Health
Textile Eng.
Electrical Engin.
Political Sc.
Eutomology
General Sc.
Chemical Eng. Chemistry
Pre-Medical
Chemistry and
Biology Bio-Chemistry Geologic Survey Mining and Me- tallurgy Mining and Electric Eng.
Sugar Engin.
Electric Engin. Lib. Arts
Medicine Lib. Arts
Philosophy
WHO'S WHO IN' CHINA
23
American
institutions
attended
degree obtain- ed
Past Occupation
Present Occupation
Present address
Columbia
Denison.
Ohio Columbia Trinity Col- lege Vale Harvard Harvard
Indiana
Chicago
Harvard Minnesota
Michigan Lehigh Uni.
Columbia
Illinois Uni N.Y. Uni.
Illinois Uni Union Col.
Johns
Hopkins Harvard
Lowell
Textile
Boston I. T.
Yale
Harvard Columbia
Cornell
Western Reserve M. I.T. Chicago Pennsyl- vania Chicago, Washington M. I. T. Harvard
Uni. of
Arisouna
Carnegie
I. of L
Stanford
Louisiana
Uni. Cornell
Pennsyl- vania, do
Michigan
Harvard
Ph.D.
B. S M. A.
Ch. E,
B. A B. S M. S
M, P
C. P. H
Ph.D.
B. S
M. S,
B. S, M. D.
B. S. Ph.D.
M. S.
B. S, E. E, M. B,
B. A.
A. B. A. M.
^m^m'i^mm^:^m
m±mm
Chinese American Bank of Commerce, Peking
Professor of Peking Nat: Uni. Agricul- tural Uni. & Shanghai Col.
Officer of the Presid- ential Palace and Professor of Peking Govt Uni., Chow Yang Uni
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs ;lbj^^^5|{
Director's Office Kaiochow- Tsinan Railway, Tsingtao
Professor of the Peking National Uni.
Accountant of Kwangtung Bank, Shanghai
mn\mt^nw^M&<!im
SI
Professor of Chemistry of 'he!;H^-^g[Jf»;^;{g 25 Technical Uni- and Peking .Mormal iNational Uni., Peking
Treasurer of the NanyanglJii^gi^^Jtl^iS Blethers Tobacco Co., Ltd. 'M^^
Mechanic of the Ministry of Communications and Professor of Technical Uni and Uni. of Communications Peking
Editor Peking Daily News
Professor of South- Eastern University
Associate Director Council on Heath Education -*3 Yuen Ming Yuen Rd, Shanghai
Hwa Chung Trading Corporation Ld.; 9 Ning-po Road Shanghai
Professor of Nanyaiig Univer- sity, :;>hanghai
VVai-Chiao-Pu
Professor of Physics, Amoy Uni.. Amay-
Professor of I5iology, Soochow University.
The Chemical Engin, Dept. of Chekiang Technical Col. Hang chow.
Amoy University
Professor of Physiologv and Bio- Chemistry of Peking Union Me dical Col.
±m'^
Jt^.:kmmm
m^mm^W22
apq/K«j^©E
Professor Nanking Higl
Normal School for Girls Ld-, Shanghai
Professor of Medicine of Ho-Pie University, Pou Ting
Manager of Kwang L,i Co., Hong- kong
Editor of the Commercial PrcssI Ji^||lljJ&^|!f
^mmst'^mx
3^v^m^i^i.S?»
mms2^
•mug
24
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
|
Name (in English) |
Name in Chinefie |
Scholarship |
Birth place |
Year of Birth |
in U.S.A. |
Courses Studied |
|
Wu, Mi |
* ?^« |
Graduate of 1917 |
Shensi |
1894 |
1917- 1921 |
Literature |
|
*Wu, T.Y. |
^^M |
Graduate of 1916 |
Fukien |
1896 |
1916- 1920 |
Economics Banking |
|
Yang, Be-Kyung Yang, C. ■ |
mm m it |
Girl of 1918 Partial |
Chekiang Kiangsi |
Mathematics |
||
|
Yang, Siiu-Lin Yang, Cheng-Hsun |
Fellowship of 1916 Graduate of 1917 |
Szechuan Hunan |
1898 1897 |
1918- 1921 1917- 1922 |
Electrical Engin. Chemical Engin. Ceremic |
|
|
Yang, Ching-Kuei |
%^Wl |
Graduate of 1913 |
Kwang- tung |
1914- 1920 |
Industrial Chemistry |
|
|
Yang, Pao-Kong |
Girl of 1916 |
Kiangsu |
1918- 1923 |
Botany Education |
||
|
Yang, Pin-Hsini |
tiMW |
Scholarship of 1912 |
Chekiang |
1892 |
1913- 1918 |
Agriculture |
|
Yang, Shao-Tseng Yang, Shu-Zeh *Yang, S. Z., |
Graduate of 1918 Scholarship of 1911 Scholarship of 1910 |
Anhwei Kiangsu Kiangsu |
1898 1892 |
1918- 1923 1911- 1915 1510- 1916 |
Chemical Engin. Organic Chemistry Mechanics Electrical Eng. Textile |
|
|
Yang Tien Shou |
m%-^ |
Graduate of 1920 |
Chihli |
1899 |
1920- 1923 |
Economics |
|
Yang, W. T. Yang, Yung -Ching Yao, Erh-Chang |
Scholarship of 1910 Graduate of 1913 Graduate of 1915 |
Szechuan Chekiang Kiangsu |
1891 1894 |
1910- 1914 1914- 1922 1915- 1921 |
Mining Political Sc. Law Medicine |
|
|
Yao, Hsing-Huang |
mmn |
Graduate of 1918 |
Kiangsu |
Animal Husb. Agronora; Soil Physic Soil Cheinistr; Bacteriolog |
||
|
Yeh, Chi-Sun |
M^m |
Graduate of 1918 |
Kiangsu |
1888 |
1918- 1924 |
Physics |
|
♦Yeh.KueiFu Yen, Tek-Chen |
Graduate of 1913 Graduate of 1915 |
Kwang- tung Kiangsi |
1895 |
1915- 1919 |
Engineering Economic Industrial Managemen Businesi |
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
24
American
institutions
attended
degree obtain- ed
Past Occupation
Present Occupation
Present address
Virginia Harvard
Princeton Columbia N. Y. Uni.
Mt. Holyoke Col.
M. I. r.
M. I. T. Alfred Uni.
A. B. A. M.
B. A
S. B M. S, B. b.
Case School B of Applied Ch. E
So Wellesley B. A Col. Colum- M. A
bia Wisconsin Kano As Agri Cornell
Cornell
Worcester P. T. Columbia Lowell Textile Layorence Columbia Harvard Colorado
George Washington Pennsy- lvania
Iowa State Col. of Agri. Utah Agri. Uni Illinois Uni. State Uni. of N. Y. Chicago, Harvard
Chicago Swarthmore M. r. T. Columbia
B. S
B.
S. A
B. C
M. S
M. E.
Professor of Western Professor of English, North- Literature and Ed-P^"*^'''^U"'^«"'ty, Mukden itor-in-Chief of
Manager of Chinese American Bank of Commerce, Tientsin Branch
le. South-Eastern Uni. Nanking .Manager of Chinese .American Bank of Commerce Harbin Branch Assistant
Manager of Chinese American Bank of Commerce, Shanghai
Professor of Engin. of South-EasternUni.
Chemical Engin, ol Ohio Oil Co., U.S.A.
Manager of The Ma chinery Dept. of Mei- Hsieng Co., Ltd.
B. A. M. A.
E. M,
S. M. Ph.
Attachi. Chinese Leg ation, London. Phj'sician of Tsinj^ Hua College, Peking
Shanghai Com- mercial Savings Bank, Shanghai
Professor of South Eastern Un iversity, Nanking
Siemens China Co.
Tsinan Machinery Brick and Tile Works Tsinan, Shantung
Folus Co. Ltd., 96 The 6th Road French Commission, Tsintsin
Chekiang First Academy, Che- kiang
Professor of Nankai University, Tientsin
Ho-Hai Conservancy Conservan- cy Col. Nanking
Manager of Hai-King Co. Shang hai
Secretary of the Custom Office
Secretary of Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Doctor
Dean of the First Agri, Col. of Kiangsu and Professor of South- Eastern University
Professor of Physics of South- Eastern Uni. Nanking.
Ching United Insurance Co, Tsingtao
^a 20 5ig
aftt'S 4^-if
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^■pMmm&\
±Mnm^ p
ffijR^F^/'^ll
5]
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Name (in English)
Name
in Chinese
Scholarship
Birth place
Yearofl in Birth ju.S.A.
Courses Studied
Yeb, Yii Liang Yen, C. C.
Yuang, S. C.
Yen, Chun-Tai
Yen, Fang *Yen, Fii-Ping
Yin, S. T.
\ ang, Y. Y. Yin, Yuen-Tze Yang, I-Kwei Yang,Kwang-Pi Yu, Chai-Lan
*Yu, Chi-Cliuan
Yu, Hsi-Chi Yu, T. H. Yu, Tsao-Chi
Yu, Wen-Tsan
Yui, Stewart Erh-Shun
Yuang, Chin- Chang
Yuan, Pao Chiang Yuin, Philip Li Zee, James
Zee, T. Z.
Zen, H. C.
Zi, Su
J^'SA'Scholarship j fo 1912
®^S§ Scholarship of 1909
Kwang- tung
Fukien
Girl of 1916
Graduate of 1917
IS B^ Scholarship of 1911 Graduate of 1919
'^
m ^
Fellowship of 1916
Girl of
1914
Scholarship
of 1910 Graduate of
1919 Scholarship
of 1911
Graduate of
1918
Junior of 1914
^S-^'Graduate of
I 1914 ^^(% Partial
^W^ Graduate of 1913
ik m
Scholarship ^ of 1912 Graduate of 1913
Graduate of 1920
Graduate of
1913 Graduate of
1915
Scholarship
of 1910
Scholarship of 1910
Partial
Graduate of 1911
Kiangsu
Kiangsi
Chekiang Hupeh
Chihli
Chekiang
Anhwei
Chihli
Chihli
Fukien
Hunan
Anhwei .
Kwang- tung Chekiang
Kwang-
tung Hupeh
Kwang- tung
Fukien
Chihli
Chekiang
Chekiang
Szechuan Kiangsu
1895
1897
1891
1888
1893
1890 1897
1892 1891
1904- 1914
1919- 1923
1910- 1915
1911- 1917
1914- 1921
1914- 1917
Physical and
Sanitary Chemistry Physics and
Mathematics
Education
Mi
1914- 1918
1914- 1918
1920- 1923
1914- 1920
1910- 1916
1910- 1914
1911- 1915
ninig
Civil Engin.
Gen. Vacation Edu. Agri. Edu. Special Edu. International Law
Lib. Arts Mechanical Eng.
Applied Chemistry Chemistry
Political Sc.
Economic^
V. ommerce
Banking
Economics
Business Law
Finance Political Science
Economics
Banking
Mining
Metallurgy Geology Lib. Aits
Electrical Engin.
Education
Sociology
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
25
American i deeroe
institutions ob<!iiii-|
attended e<l !
Past Occupation
Present Occupation
Present address
Cornell
M. I. T
Wesley-
anacs
Illinois
Harvard
Mt. Holyoke
Lehigh Uni. Columbia
Michigan
Michigan Purdue ColuiTibia Harvard
Vassar Col. Boston T. T.
Wisconsin
Johns
Hopkins Columbia Pummer
Acd.
Phillips
Andruer
Illinois Uni
Illinois
Wisconsin
Pennsyl- vania Law School Chicago Chicago
Wiscosin Princeton Columbia
Ohio State
Uni
Columbia
Col. Uni
Columbia
Brown Uni
Wisconsin Illinois M. 1. T
Wisconsin Chicago
B. A Ph.D
M. S B. S
E. M.
M. M. E. E.C.E
B. A.
M. A.
B. M. E.
BS.C.
M.S C. B. S. M. S.
B. A.
B. A. Ph.D B. S
A. M.
E. M, M. A,
State Revenue Inspectorate of Fuchow
Assistant Professor in Chemistry, Col- umbia Uni. U. S. A.
Electric Kngin. De))t. ofCIiekiang Technical Col. Hangchow
Head of the Middle School of Chen Hua Uni. Wuchang
Professor of L,aw of Pekinj .National Uni.
mmm^i^Vii^ic^
S. B. S. M.
Asia Banking
Corporation
Professor of Nanking Technical Col.
Professor of Tsing Hua Col. '14-16 Business Shanghai '16-'20
Fsinan Machinery Co , Tsinan
Professor of Chemistry of 'J'sing Hua Col., Peking
Head of Science Dept. of Anioy Uni, Amoy
Head of .School of Arts Futan Uni., Shanghai
Professor of FutanUni. Shanghai
Lawer and Professor of Peking Normal National Uni.
umm-^n
General Manager of the Uni. of Communication
Professor of Tsing Hua Col Peking
Kin-Cheng Baking Corporation Peking
Library of the Association for Geological Survery, Peking
Professor of Tsing Hua Col. Peking
Proctor of Tsing Hua Col. Peking
The Commerical Press. Ltd., Shanghai
rhe Ministry of Communications
Purdue The Ministryof Communications .;jf-t|rf|^^S|i^(|j
N.B. All the above * indicate those with photographs and other informations.
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WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
Who's Who in China
1925 EDITION
CONTENTS
An Ti-shenff
Ch'a Liang-chao
Chai Chao-lin . .
Chang Ch'a
Chang Chi-ying (Chang Nieh-yun)
Chang Chia-ao (Chang Kia-ngau)
Chang Chia-shen (Carson Chang)
Chang Chien . .
Chang Chien-wen (Tsang Chan-vung)
Chang Ch'ih-t'an (Chang Chih-tan)
Chang Ching-fen (Chang King-fan) .
Chang Ching-hui
Chang Ching-yao
Chang Chung-chang ..
Chang Fu-lai . . . .
Chang Fu-yun. .
Chang Hsi-yuan
Chang Hsiang-lin (Ziang-ling Chang)
Chang Hsiang-wen
Chang Hsiao-je (Chang Chien-Jr.)
Chang Hsueh-Iiang
Chang Hu
Chang Huai-chih
Chang Hung-lieh (H. L. Chang)
Chang I-lin
Chang Kuang-chieft
Chang Kuo-kan
Chang Li-ao (L.X.Chang) ..
Chang Lu-ch'uan
Chang Pai-ling (Chang Po-ling)
Chang Shao-tseng
Chang Shih-chao (S. C. Chang)
Chang Shou-ling
Chang Tsai-yang
Chang Tso-hsiang
Chang Tso-lin
Chang Tsung-hsiang ..
|
PAGE |
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|
^m&^'W^ |
1 |
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^%m'4'-mi'^ |
3 |
|
a^ti^^j^w |
5 |
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56 f^^ii« |
7 |
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mmM^-mm |
9 |
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mmm^^m |
11 |
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m'MM'-r-Bm |
13 |
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m fs^^iL |
15 |
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3^m?^t'mm |
17 |
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5S;^.mt-iSfrt |
18 |
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m^^^i^^ |
20 |
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mm^^UR |
21 |
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m^mt-m& |
23 |
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mm^ |
249 |
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«)!S«^T® |
25 |
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3^mm^^x |
27 |
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m^Tt-i^m^ |
29 |
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i^mm^-mm |
31 |
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mm^^rm |
33 |
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m^^mmi |
35 |
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ss^H-^m® |
0/ |
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m ^t-m^ |
39 |
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sms-r^Ki; |
41 |
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mmn^&jHi |
43 |
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m-s-^fft: |
45 |
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mmm^iihia |
47 |
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mmm-r^ii^ |
49 |
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mmm^TMrn |
51 |
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m.^^'t'^)'A |
53 |
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mi&^'^'iA^ |
55 |
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M^^t^m |
57 |
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#-tiij |
967 |
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mmmf-mi |
59 |
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mmm^-m^i |
61 |
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3mm'i-m& |
63 |
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mi^mr-m^ |
65 |
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^mmt^nm |
68 |
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
CONTENTS (Continued)
PAGE
(Chang Yao-chiang)
(Y. (Y.
C.Chang) S. Djang)
Chang Tsung-yuan Chang Yao-hsiang
Chang Ying-fang
Chang Ying-hua
Chang Yu-ch'uan
Chang Yuan-shan
Chao Ch'ing-hua
Cliao Erh-sun
Chao Heng-t'i
Chao Hsi-en (S. U. Zau)
Chao Kuo-t'sai (G. T. Chao) ..
Chao Te-san (H. T. Chao) ..
Chao Yu-k'e
vTh'e Ch'ing-yun
Ch'e Hsien-ch'eng (Che Hin-shing)
Ch'en Chao-ch'un
Ch'en Chao-jui (Chun Shutkai)
Ch'en Ch'i-shou
Ch'en Chieh . . . .
Ch'en Chih-lin (T. L. Chen) ..
Ch'en Chin-tao
Ch'en Chiung-ming ..
Ch'en Chun-jen ( Chun j en C. Chen)
Ch'en Huan-chang
Ch'en Kuang-yuan
Ch'en Lien-chung (Chan Lim-chung)
Ch'en Lien-pai (Chan Lim-pak)
Ch'en Lu (Tcheng Loh)
Ch'en Mou-chieh (M.K.Chen)
Ch'en Shih-kuang (S.K.Chen)
Ch'en Shih-li ..
Ch'en Shu- fan
Ch'en Szu-pang(S. P. Chen) ..
Ch'en Ta
Ch'en T'ing-jui (Chen Ding-sai)
Ch'en Tu-heng (Chen Tso-heng)
Ch'en Wei-ping (Wei-ping Chen)
Ch'en Yu-jen (Eugene Chen)
( h'en Ch'i-pao (Chi-pao Cheng)
Ch'eng Ching-i
Ch'engK'e ..
Cheng T'ien-hsi (F. T. Cheng)
Ch'eng T'ien-tou (T. T. Cheng)
Ch'i Hsieh-yuan
Ch'i Yao-lin . .
Ch'i Yao-shan..
|
^.^x'f-fAlO |
70 |
|
mmMPmm |
72 |
|
m'^ij-f-^m |
74 |
|
mm^^t^n^ |
76 |
|
3s^^'r-*ag |
78 |
|
^ftw^^m |
80 |
|
mm'^'r-miu |
82 |
|
mmm'f'^m |
84 |
|
muwr-A'f |
86 |
|
ms^m-mm |
88 |
|
mm^^^nm |
90 |
|
^'^Hf'i:^ |
92 |
|
m^mt'^^ |
94 |
|
mmm'f'^>m |
96 |
|
^M7K4r^mm |
98 |
|
m^^t-M:Vl |
100 |
|
m^^i^'f-mui |
102 |
|
m%m'4r'it'm |
104 |
|
m ^^mn |
106 |
|
mzm't--^\r |
108 |
|
mmut-m't |
110 |
|
mmmt-mtf |
112 |
|
i^^\ |
115 |
|
m^^-^-m-^ |
117 |
|
m^^^-nm |
119 |
|
i5fcmft |
121 |
|
mmm |
123 |
|
m m-r-i^^ |
125 |
|
mmf^f'^z |
127 |
|
m\&%t-nM |
129 |
|
immt'fim |
131 |
|
mmm'^-'id^ |
133 |
|
mm^\^'mm |
135 |
|
m wYM^ |
137 |
|
mmM |
139 |
|
m<^.wr'fy^ |
141 |
|
mmm-f-mm |
143 |
|
mMii'f'Mi:! |
145 |
|
m^i^-r-m^^ |
147 |
|
mm-i^Wi-' |
153 |
|
n 5£^ffji |
149 |
|
myzmt'm's. |
151 |
|
^^4 |
155 |
|
m^7tt-mm |
157 |
|
»«ii*^®« |
160 |
|
mmmt-mm |
162 |
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
CONTENTS {Continued)
PACK
Chiang Ch'ao-tsung .. ..
Chiang Kang-hu (Kiang Kang-hu)
Chiang Meng-lin (Monlin Chiang)
Chiang Shun-te (S. T. Kong) . .
Chiang Teng-sien
Chiang T'ien-to
Chiang Tseng-i (Tsiang Tseng-yi)
Chiang Tso-pin
Chiang Yen-hsing
Chiang Yung ..
Ch'ien Chung-kai
Ch'ien P'ei-yu (Pei-yu Chien)
Ch'ien T'ai (Tsien Tai)
Ch'ien Yung-ming (Y. M. Ch'ien)
Ch'in Fen (F. Ch'in) ..
Chin Pang-cheng (P. C. King)
Chin Shao-ch'eng (Kungpak King)
Chin Shao-chi (Sohtsu G. King)
Chin Shao-tseng
Chin Yun-peng
Ching Yao-yueh
Chou Ch'i-lien (Tsur Chi-lien)
Chou Lun-yuan(L. Y. Chow) ..
Chou P'ei-chen
Chou P'ei-te (Peter S. Jowe)
Chou Shu-mu. .
Chou Tso-ming
Chu Bin-yuan..
Chu Ch'i
Chu Ch'i-ch'ien (Chu Chi-chien)
Chu Hsing-yuan
Chu K'e-chen (Co-ching Chu)
Chu P'ei-chen (Chu Pao-san)
Chu Pin-k'uei (Jennings P. Chu)
Chu Shao-hsin
Chu Shen
Chu Szu-fei (Ponson C. Chu)
Chu Ta-ch'un (Chai Lai-fong)
Chu Yu-chi
Chu Yu-yu (Y. Y.Tsu)
Ch'u Ying-kuang
Ch'uan Liang . .
Ch'uan Shao-ching (S. H. Chuan)
Chung Shih-ming
umm^^m 164 itycm^yi^ 166
168 170 969
nwrn^^mm 174
mmn-r-mu i78
u mt-mm m
^^^-^IfiJtt 182
imm.'^i(im i84
t§ m^p^^ 186
^7km''W:t 188
m ^^^Ks 190
^PiE'?t'P#" 192
194 196 198 200 202 204 206 207 209 211 213 215 219 217 221 223 225 227 229 231 235 233 237 239 241 243 245 247
Fan Yuan-lien
^mwrn^f^^ 251
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
|
CONTENTS (Continued) |
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PAGE |
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|
Fang Chi-fan(Fan Chiu-pah) .. |
.. ■ :^mwt-mi& |
253 |
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|
Fei Ch'i-hao .. |
mm^'^-m^ |
255 |
||
|
Feng Hsi-yun. . |
m?:S.t-n'X |
257 |
||
|
Feng Yu-lisiang |
m^if^-r-^^ |
259 |
||
|
Fii Hu!ig-chun (Yung-ding) .. |
mmyr-mm |
600 |
||
|
Fu Jui-hsing (J. Pinkuet Fu) .. |
ni^M'i'^s'^^ |
262 |
||
|
Fu Liang-tso |
w^i^'t^mm |
264 |
||
|
Fu Tseng-hsiang |
m^^m'^u^x |
266 |
||
|
Fu Tsung-yao (Fu Siao-enJ .. |
.. . mmm-t'^m |
268 |
||
|
Fung Yu-lan |
J^&SH |
270 |
||
|
Ha Han-chang |
mm^'^m^ |
272 |
||
|
Han An (Nang Han) |
m ^-^m^ |
273 |
||
|
Han Yu-lin (N.L.Han) |
?f ^fiS^-^EJS |
275 |
||
|
Ho Chieh |
151 ^-^^w |
277 |
||
|
Ho Chieh-ts'ai (Cx. Zay Wood) . . |
i^ut-^^n |
279 |
||
|
Ho Feng-lin |
^mW4''^<xa |
281 |
||
|
Hojui-chang (J. C. Ho) |
m^:^t'^m |
283 |
||
|
Ho P'ei-jung . . |
i^im^f-m^ |
285 |
||
|
Ho Tung (Robert Hotung) .. |
.. M 4i^-B^4 |
287 |
||
|
Hsia Ch'ang-chih (C. T. Hsia) |
SgJt'T^^'? |
290 |
||
|
Hsia Ch'in-hsi. . . . . . |
xmwf'j^m |
292 |
||
|
Hsia Ching-kuan |
S^il |
294 |
||
|
Hsia Cliing-Iin |
5-W.s^'#5^& |
295 |
||
|
Hsia I-t'ing (Hsia Yi-ting) .. |
m^m^i^^m |
297 |
||
|
Hsiang Hsiang (Witson S. Shan) |
m it-^Mm |
299 |
||
|
Hsiao Yao-nan |
WMm'^'^m |
301 |
||
|
Hsiao Yung-hsi |
MM.r#*i£ |
302 |
||
|
Hsieh Chih-heng |
^^^I^IS^ |
304 |
||
|
Hsieh En-lung |
'Am^t-^n |
305 |
||
|
Hsieh Tu-pi .. |
im%f-^% |
307 |
||
|
Hsieh Yung-shen (Y. S. Ziar) |
Ht/K^'T^tiliff |
309 |
||
|
Hsiung Hsi-ling |
lii-Mm'i-^^ |
311 |
||
|
Hsiung Ping-ch'i |
W-Mi^'^'M^ |
314 |
||
|
Hsiung Shao-hao (S. P. Hung) |
Bft<b^ |
316 |
||
|
Hsu Chien (George Hsu) |
t^ ;ry-^^l |
318 |
||
|
Hsu Chien-p'ing (Jabin Hsu) .. |
mmwY-mm- |
321 |
||
|
Hsu Ch'ih (Charles S. Y. Shu-tse) |
w. M'^-nn |
323 |
||
|
Hsu En-yuen .. |
'i^MTt'r^n% |
325 |
||
|
Hsu Fo-su |
'^MM'^'-^U |
327 |
||
|
Hsu Fu-lin |
'i^wm'-^m |
330 |
||
|
Hsu Hsin-Iiu (SinglohHsu) .. |
'im^i-^'Y-^^n |
.U2 |
||
|
Hsu Jen-chun (Hsu Jen Tsing) |
t\K\t'mm |
334 |
||
|
Hsu Lan-chou.. |
ffmm"{-'£m |
336 |
||
|
Hsu Mou (C. L. Zeen) |
'ik SK'M« |
338 |
||
|
Hsu Shih-chang (Hsu Shih-chang) .. |
WMM'Y-iSiA^ |
340 |
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
|
CONTENTS {Continued) |
||
|
PAGE |
||
|
Hsu Shih-ch'ang |
mftii'^^'A. |
343 |
|
Hsu Shih-ying |
t^ffi^-^fiA |
346 |
|
Hsu Shu-cheng |
'^mW^XfSt |
348 |
|
Hsu T'ang (Hsu Kwan-nan) . . |
1^ ^-^^m |
351 |
|
HsuTsu-shan (T. S. Chu) |
imm-^rnvk |
353 |
|
Hsu Tung-fan.. |
^«Ji |
355 |
|
Hsu Wei-chen (Showin Wetzen Hsu) .. |
^^mk-^nrM |
357 |
|
Hsu Yuan (C. F. Hsu) |
ft- jTc-r-i^a |
359 |
|
Hu Ao-kung . . |
m^^'t^m^ |
361 |
|
Hu En-kuang. . |
m^^^f-n^ |
363 |
|
Hu Han-miug. . |
^m^'^msi |
365 |
|
HuHung-yu (H. Y. Hu) |
m'mm^WL?i |
367 |
|
Hu I-ku (Wenfu Yiko Hu) .. |
m^m^^-'xm |
369 |
|
Hu Liu |
^ W^ikZ |
371 . |
|
Hu Shih (SuhHu) .. |
m mt-m^. |
373 |
|
Hu Yun (Y. Hou) |
m m^^mti |
375 |
|
Huang Fu (Ahfooh Wong) .. |
M *a |
2,77 |
|
Huang Fu |
M fB'3'-»A |
379 |
|
Huang Han-liang (Han-Uang Huang) |
nmm |
382 |
|
Huang Hsien-chao (Hin Wong) |
Mmm-^^M |
384 |
|
Huang Jung-Hang (Hwang Yung Hang) |
M^m^f-iA |
386 |
|
Huang K'ai-wen ( Wong Kai-wen ) |
nm^ |
388 |
|
Huang Tsan-hsi (Y. C. Whang) |
nm^^^-m^ |
390 |
|
Huang Yen-pei |
n'^i^^M:^ |
392 |
|
HungYeh (W^illiam Hung) |
m m-r-mm |
394 |
|
I Tsung-k'uei . . |
. -^^s^-^mm |
396 |
|
Jao Meng-jen (LoeMengLen) |
^StE-r-frm |
398 |
|
Jen Ch'uau-pang (C.P.Yin).. |
ftif^-'T-tSfe* |
400 |
|
K'ang Yu-wei .. |
m^^'4^&& |
402 |
|
Kao En-hung . . |
m}§,m^:iim |
404 |
|
Kao Lin-wei .. |
m-i^m^M^ |
406 |
|
Kao Lu |
M ®^m# |
408 |
|
Kao Ta-fang (Ko Tai-hong) . . |
M:k:^*rM^ |
410 |
|
Ku Chung-hsiu |
'^m^^ix.^ |
412 |
|
Ku Wei-ching (Vi-Tsing Koo) |
mmt-^'t— |
414 |
|
Ku Wei-chun (Welh'ngton Koo) |
mm'i^Mi |
416 |
|
Kuan Chiung (Kuan Chun) .. |
m mir-M^^ |
418 |
|
Kuan Hai-ch'ing (H.C.Kuan) |
iS«*J^^*^ |
420 |
|
Kuan Keng-lin |
WK«^MA |
422 |
|
Kuang Fu-shao (Fong Foo Sec) |
m'^^'i'^mn |
424 |
|
Kuang Hsu-kui- (H. K. Kwong) |
m!?M^\m\ |
426 |
|
Kuang Sun-mou (K.K. Kwong) |
U^Vk'^B.^ |
428 |
|
K'ung Hsiang-hs: (H. H. Kung) |
. ■ 'iim^.-^mz. |
430 |
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
CONTENTS (Continued')
Kung Sang No Erh Pu (Kalachin) Kuo Ping-wen (P. W. Kuo) .. Kuo T'ao-ch'i (Quo Tai-chi) Kuo Tse-yun . . Kuo Yun-kuan (Yunkwan Kuo)
Lan Chien-shu (K. K. Lang) . . Lan Kung-wu..
Lao Ching-an (Ginarn Lao) . . Lao Nien-tsu (Lo King Kee) . .
(Juwan Usang Ly)
(Li Tsing-meu) (Li Chuan-shih)
Chao-huan Chia-ao Clring-mao Ch'uan-shih
Hao
Hsiu-mei (Li Su-mai) Ju-hsiung (James Hsiong Lee) Keng-yuan . .
Kuo-chieh (Marquis W. H. Li) Kuo ching (K. C. Li) Kuo-yun
Mao-chih (LiMau-chi) .. Ming
Sheng-to .. Shih-wei Shu-ch'eng..
Shun-ch'ing (Shun-Ching Lee) Szu-hao (Li Shih-hou) Teng-hui (T. H. Lee) T'ien-lu Ting-hsin ..
Wei-ch'ing(Lee Tsung-ching) Yuan-hsin (William Yinson Lee) Yiuan-hung..
ang Chi-ch'ao (Liang Chi-chiao) ang Ju-hao (M. T. Liang) .. ang Lang-hsun ang Shih-i ..
ao Shili-ch'eng (Sze-chen Liao) n Chang-ming
n Fu-yuan (Arthur F. Lym) n Yun-fang (V. Fong Lam) ' ng Ch'i-chun (Chi-Chun Lin) ng Ping
ng Tao-yang (D. Y. Lin) u Chao
FACE
432 434 436 438 440
MEfg^^* 442
m&m'^^^^ 444
mm'^ 446
^tM't-m^ 448
^mmr-m^ 450
^^mt-mm 452
^^Br^'-i^'i^'m 454
^m^'t-M':^ 456
m mt-nm 458
^i^mt-mm 46o
f^fkm'^'mm 46 1
^^IfieS^'^a 463
^m<^'^nm 465
^mmt-mm 457
^mm't-mn 469
mM^'P7&^ 471
^ irf-m?^ 473
^s^'?^!^ 475
^±#'r-fi^^ 477
^mm^'^FM 479
^"Rip-r-f^B 481
^m-^'-T'UI^ 482
^^w^mm 484
^'Xm'^mm 486
^mWt'-^W 487
$«ig^-IE« 489
^TCfa 491
mytrn'^'-'Mm 493
m^mt'^m 497
m mm-r-m^ soo
mmm 502
mi^ii'T-mm 505
mnyr^'im 506
wM-Sif-m^ 508
'^Itiaft 511
Pf^%-n'^'%-^ 513
515 517 519
m m-^-^m 521
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
|
CONTENTS {Continued) |
|||
|
PAGE |
|||
|
Liu Chen-hua |
mmm-r-m^ |
523 |
|
|
Liu Chen-hua |
mmm'^-mm |
525 |
|
|
Liu Chih-chou |
SiJrS vHi'^SE |
527 |
|
|
Liu Chin (Hsisan C. Liu) |
m w^iiiH |
529 |
|
|
Liu Ching-jen .. |
mm\^±m |
531 |
|
|
LiuChing-shan (C. S. Liu) |
m^m^vtM |
533 |
|
|
Liu Ch'u-hsiang.. |
mmm-^-mn |
536 |
|
|
Liu Ch'ung-chieh |
fj^^-^Ttt |
557 |
|
|
Liu En-ke |
mM.n'^mf^ |
539 |
|
|
Liu Hsiang |
m rffi'r-fflfg |
541 |
|
|
Liu Kuan-hsiung |
fmtif'gM |
543 |
|
|
Liu Lu-nan (L. N, Lau) |
m%% |
545 |
|
|
Liu Shih-hsun |
w;^m^^m |
546 |
|
|
Liu Shu-yung (Shu-yung Liu) |
mmwr-^m |
548 |
|
|
Liu Ta Chun (Dakuin K. Lieu) |
m:km'pmm |
550 |
|
|
Liu T'ing-fang (Timothy Ting-fang Lew) |
mmi^ |
552 |
|
|
Liu Tsun-hou |
mmt-mi: |
554 |
|
|
Lo Ch'ang (Lo Chong) |
m ^-j^Xft |
556 |
|
|
Lo Pan Hwen (Pan H. Lo) .. |
M^^^^H |
971 |
|
|
Lo Yun-yen (R. Y. Lo) . . |
mm^-^m-^ |
558 |
|
|
Lou Yu-tao (Y. T. Lo) |
m^m^^n |
560 |
|
|
Lu Ch'ao-tsung (Loh Zau-tsoong) |
mmm'^n^K |
562 |
|
|
Lu Cheng-hsiang |
mwm^''f'0: |
563 |
|
|
Lu Chih-i |
Si^^^5^K |
565 |
|
|
Lu Chin |
i^ ^-^^m |
567 |
|
|
Lu H sing-yuan (Hing-yun Loo) |
^mm |
569 |
|
|
Lu Hsueh-pu .. |
&mm't-m^ |
570 |
|
|
Lu Jung-chien |
Bmm^-^^ |
572 |
|
|
Lu Jung-t'ing . . |
m^&'4'-nm |
574 |
|
|
Lu Shou-ching (Tachuen S. K. Loh) .. |
mmit-m^ |
577 |
|
|
Lu Tsung-yu .. |
mmmt-m^ |
579 |
|
|
Lu Yung-hsiang |
itrTc^f^^^ |
581 |
|
|
Lun Yun-hsiang (Lun Wan-sheung) .. |
i^itm |
584 |
|
|
Ma Fu-hsiang |
mni^'^m^ |
■ 586 |
|
|
Ma Ho (Ma Chun-Wu) |
m m'^m^ |
587 |
|
|
Ma Hsiao-chin |
m^hm'r'm± |
589 |
|
|
Ma Su (Ma Soo) |
m m^^-'^^ |
591 |
|
|
Ma Yin-ch'u . . |
si,nmt-^m |
593 |
|
|
Ma Yu-san (M. Y. San) |
.!i3iuj^5m |
595 |
|
|
Mai Tso-heng (T. H. Mai) |
mi^mt^s^ |
597 |
|
|
Mao I-sheng (Thomson Eason Mao) .. |
^W#^^E |
598 |
|
|
Mei Ying-fu (Howard S. Moy) |
*l5S^i |
602 |
|
|
Meng En-yuan .. .. |
^^Mt-mn |
604 |
|
|
Miu Er-ch'ao . . |
mmm-^m^ |
606 |
|
|
Mou Lin |
^ m-t-n^ |
608 |
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
CONTENTS {Conimucd)
Mu Hsiang-yueh (H. Y. Moh)
NiehCh'i-chieh (C. C. Nieh) ..
Nieh Hsieh-fan
Nieh Tsung-hsi (Nieh Chung-hsi)
Niu Chuan-shan
Niu Hui-sheng (Way-sung New)
P'an Chu-ying. .
P'an Chung-wen (Chung-wen Pan)
P'an Fu (PanFu)
P'an Hsieh-an (H. A. Pan) ..
P'an Tso-chi (Pan Ching-po) ..
Pao Kuei-ch'ing
Pao Ping-ch'en (P. C. Pao) ..
Pien Shou-Ching
Pien Shou-sun (Bien Zue Sun)
Pien Yin-ch'ang..
Sah Chen-ping (Sah Chen-ping)
Sa Fu-chun (Fuchuen Kenneth Sah) . .
Sa Fu-mou (Sah Fu-moh)
San To
Shao Chen-ching . .
Shen Ch'eng-shih
ShenCh'i (M. H. Shen)
Shen Jui-Iin .. ..
Shen Pao-ch'ang
Shen Pao-shen (T. C. Shen)..
Shen Tsu-wei (Shen Tsu-way)
Sheng En-i (En Yee Edward Sheng) . .
Shih Chao-chi (Alfred Saoke Sze)
Shih Chao-tseng (Sze Sao-tseng)
Shih I-hsuan (I. Hsuan Si)
Shih Tsannyuan (Tsanyuan Philip Sze)
Shih Yu-ming (luming Suez)
Shui Chun-shao (C. S. Shui)..
Sun Ch'i-lien (C. L. Sun)
Sun Feng-tsao (Sun Fung-tsao)
Sun Hung-i ..
Sun Jun-yu
Sun K'e (Sun Fo)
Sun Pao-ch'i . .
Sun To-yu (Tao-yu C Sun) . .
Sun Tsu-chang (Sun Tso-chang)
Sun Yuan-fang (Y. Ralph Sun)
PACE
mmm-^m^vi 6io
612 614 616 617 619
't^'J^'^ 621
mm%^-ym 625
31 '^'4r-m^\. 625
?fr.3c*^*3c 627
m^w^'-mj^ 629
m.'^m^-miL 630
m.nm 632
'^"^n-f'U^ 634
-Y^mmr^um 636
-x-m^-^nm 638
640 642 644 646 648 650 651 653 655 657 659 661 662 664 666 668 670 672 674 676 678 680 682 684 686 688 690
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
(^M. Tukzung Tyau) (Philip K. C. Tyau) .
CONTENTS (Continued)
Sun Ch'un-fang (Soong Tsung-faung)
Sung Fa-hsiang (Fart-san T. Sung)
Sung Han-chang
Sung Hsiao-lien
Sung Shou-heng (Sung Tso-chiu)
T'an Yen-k'ai (Tan Yen-kai)
T'ang Chi-yao
T'ang Shao-i (Tang Shao-yi)
T'ang Tsai-li
Teng Hsi-hou
Tiao Alin-ch'ien
Tiao Tso-ch'ien
T'ien Ying-huang
Ting Chin (M. K. Tinn)
Ting Shih-yuan (S. Y. W. Ting)
Ts'aiCh'eng (T. Chinpin Tsai)
Ts'ai Ch'eng-hsun
Ts'ai Kuang-i (Char-Kwang-yi)
Ts'ai T'ing-kan (Tsai Ting-kan)
Ts'ai Tseng-chi (Jun-ke-choy)
Ts'ai Yuan-p'ei . . -.
Ts'ao Ju-lin
Ts'ao Kun
Ts'ao Ying
Ts.'ao Yun-hsiang (V. S. Tsao)
Ts'en Ch'un-hsuan
Tseng Tsung-chien (T. K. Tseng)
Tseng Yu-tsun
Tsou Ping-wen
Tu Ch'un .. .. .. ".
TuHsi-kuei
Tu Tso-hsuan (Tu Cho-hsuan)
'I 'u Wei-tseng (Tinph Weitsen Tu) ..
Tuan Ch'i-jui
Tung Hsien-kuang (Hollington K. Tong)
Tung K'ang
Wan Chao-chih (George Wan)
Wang Chan-yuan
Wang Chao-ming (Henri Waung) ••
Wang Cheng-fu ( Cheng-fu Wang) ..
Wang Ch'eng-pin
•Wang Cheng-t'ing (C. T. Wang)
Wang Ch'i-ch'ang (C. Z. Waung)
Wang Chi-tseiig (Ouang Ki-tseng)
PAGE
692 694 696 698 700
702 704 706 708 710 712 714 716 718 720 722 724 726 728 730 732 734 736 739 741 743 745 747 749 751 753 755 757 759 763 765
767 769 771
773
775 778 781 783
10
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
CONTENTS (Continued)
Wang Chia-hsiang
Wang Chien (John Wong)
Wang Ch'ih-ch'ang
Wang Chih-p'ing (C. P. Wang)
Wang Ching-ch'en
Wang Ching-ch'i (Wang King-ky)
Wang Ching-ch'un (C. C. Wang)
Wang Ch'ung-hui
Wang Ch'ung-yu (C. Y. Wang )
Wang En-p'u (Wang Soong-dong)
Wang Hsun (Wang Koh Shan)
Wang Huai-ch'ing
Wang I-t'ang. .
Wang Ju-ch'in .. ^
Wang K'e-ming
Wang Keng (Wang Ken)
Wang Kuo-chun (K.P.Wang)
Wang Nai-pin ..
Wang Shao-huan (Jack Ho) ..
Wang Shao-lien ( Wang Shoh-Iian) ..
Wang Shih-chen
Wang Shih-cheng (S. C. Wang)
Wang Ta-hsieh . .
Wang T'an
Wang T'ien-p'ei
Wang T'ing-chen
Wang Wen-pao
Wang Wen-wei (Homer W. W. Wong)
Wang Yu-chih . . . .
Wang Yu-lan . .
Wang Yu-lin . .
Wang Yung-chiang
Weil (T.S.Wei)
Wei P'o (TyndallWei)
Wen Chun
Wen Shih-chen (S. T. Wen)..
Wen Shih-lin . .
Wen Tsung-yao
WuCh'ao-shu (C. C. Wu)
WuChi-sun
WuJohnC. H.
Wu Ching-lien
Wu Cho-jan (Wu Ting-sung)
Wu Chun-sheng
Wu Jen-li (Y. L. Woo)
Wu Lien-te (Wu l,ien-teh) ..
|
PAGE |
|
|
aE5m^-«iiu |
785 |
|
i <r#w^ |
787 |
|
5EfSg^l5flW |
789 |
|
EEm^'iT'^m |
791 |
|
figM^f-ajm |
793 |
|
^^i^'t'vm |
795 |
|
B^^wt-m?: |
797 |
|
3Efll ^^:n:Q |
800 |
|
i^ffi^feS |
802 |
|
^mm-^m'^ |
804 |
|
3E imm& |
806 |
|
i@«'#t5i: |
807 |
|
^um-^-m |
809 |
|
EEfkmt-i^im |
811 |
|
3E.^m't-U^ |
813 |
|
ae m-r-mm |
815 |
|
EEH^f-fSir |
817 |
|
aEi@)S^-.'sifflf |
819 |
|
3E'J?t^ |
821 |
|
is&m-'j?^ |
822 |
|
s.±^r-mm |
824 |
|
^.w^t-mm |
826 |
|
ri^W^im |
828 |
|
i ffif-^ts |
830 |
|
i^^^-^tiS^i |
832 |
|
BE^mt-'fm |
834 |
|
^^n-^m^ |
836 |
|
^xm'^mm |
838 |
|
^m^ir^w^ |
840 |
|
i^H'^^ifi |
842 |
|
m^^-^^m |
844 |
|
57icttf-?Rig |
846 |
|
m ^-^j^n |
848 |
|
m mt'm.H |
850 |
|
X m.'t-mm |
852 |
|
jaitt^^w* |
854 |
|
iaiiif^t^s^ |
856 |
|
um^^'nm |
859 |
|
mmwr-^i^ |
861 |
|
^^^'/•ifttfil |
863 |
|
^mm |
865 |
|
^^m^'mi(\ |
867 |
|
1^^-1^'r-m'M |
869 |
|
^Aitm'mm |
871 |
|
^mm-t-uii |
873 |
|
u-^m |
874 |
WHO'S WHO IN CHINA
11
|
CONTENTS (Contittued) |
PAGE |
|
|
WuP'ei-fu .. |
^U^'^'f^ |
876 |
|
Wu P'ei-huang (Chen-chai P. Woo) .. |
^WM-^T^^ |
879 |
|
Wu Ping-hsiang |
^mm-rMfSL |
881 |
|
Wu Shan (Wu San) .. |
^ Uj-^^lU |
883 |
|
Wu Tse-sheng |
^mmt-m^ |
885 |
|
Wu Tsung-tzu |
^m^>^^mw |
8S7 |
|
WuYu-lin (Y. L. Woo) |
^w^-p^as |
889 |
|
Yang Chia-hsiang |
mmw^^^ |
891 |
|
Yang Chih (Yang Moi-nan) .. |
m fe-?^^ |
893 |
|
Yang Hsuan-ch'eng (Yang Hsiun-Chen) |
WMM^mm |
895 |
|
Yang I-te . . . . |
mi^xw.'^^m |
897 |
|
Yang Ju-me . . |
mf^m-?^^ |
899 |
|
Yang Koh-shu .. .. .. ^.- |
mmwt'^z |
901 |
|
Yang Pao-ling |
mnm-t-vm |
903 |
|
Yang Shen |
% ^ |
906 |
|
Yang Sheng (YangTcheng) .. |
« ^-^'hm |
910 |
|
Yang Shou-mai (Yang Han-hsi) |
^m^tMn |
908 |
|
Yang Tseng-hsin |
^^wt-m^ |
912 |
|
Yang Yung-t'ai . . . . . . |
^fm-^^m |
914 |
|
Yao Kuo-chen |
m.mm'mk |
916 |
|
Yeh Ching-hsin (T. H. Yeli) |
m^w^^m |
918 |
|
YehHung-chi (H. T. Yeh) |
m^w¥-mm |
920 |
|
Yeh Kung-ch'ao ( Yeh Kung-cho) |
m^m^^^ |
922 |
|
Yeh K'e-liang (Yih Ko-liang) |
mnl^-^1^ftl |
924 |
|
Yeh Ping-kuei (P. K. Yesinghay) |
mmm-^BM |
926 |
|
Yen Chih-i |
m.^^h'^mm |
928 |
|
Yen Hao-ling (Hawkling L. Yen) |
m^m-i^mm |
930 |
|
Yen Hsi-shan . . |
piiiiij^w;ir |
932 |
|
Yen Hui-ch'ing (W. W. Yen) |
g^^-^IIA |
934 |
|
Yen Te-ch'ing.. |
m.^M^f-mM |
936 |
|
Yin Chang |
m g'?='^tt |
938 |
|
Yu Ch'i-ch'ang |
#13^^11 PI |
940 |
|
Yu Chih-'chin (L. C. Yu) |
^itf^^m |
942 |
|
Yu Jen-feng .. |
^Ai^^lStg |
944 |
|
Yujih-chang (David Z. T. Yui) |
^B^-^B^ |
946 |
|
YuNan-chiu (C. C. Yu) |
^m%^m% |
948 |
|
Yu-Pao-hsien |
^afft^^^ |
950 |
|
Yu Shao-sung |
^M'M'^mm |
952 |
|
Yu Ya-ching ... |
^f&^t-w^. |
954 |
|
Yu Ying-wang (Yu Ying-vong) |
^mM-i-nu |
956 |
|
Yuan Hsi-t'ao. . |
%mmmm |
957 |
|
Yun Hsiao-fan (Hew Fan Un) |
u^^ |
959 |
|
Yuan Li-tun (L. T. Yuan) .. |
s*ia^s^ |
961 |
|
Yuan Tsu-ming |
wmt't-mm |
963 |
|
Yuan Yuan (J. Jientsu Yuan) |
a m^'&m |
965 |
Who's Who in China
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