FOR THE PEOPLE

FOR EDVCATION

FOR SCIENCE

LIBRARY

OF

THE AMERICAN MUSEUM

OF

NATURAL HISTORY

"

THE WILSON BULLETIN

AN ILLUSTRATED QUARTERLY MAGAZINE DEVOTED TO
THE STUDY OF BIRDS IN THE FIELD

Edited by LYNDS JONES

OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB

OLD SERIES, VOLUME XVII. NEW SERIES, VOLUME XII.

1905

Published by the Club at Oberlin, Ohio

Ah1- nHv^f.

Index to Volume 17, 1905.

Acanthis linaria, 50, 118.
Accipiter cooped, 9, 38, 97.

velox, 9, 38, 97, 120.
Actitis macularia, 9, 37, 51, 84,

86, 97, 120.
^Eronympha prosantis, 134.
Actordromas maculatus, 37.

minutilla, 37.
^Egialitis meloda, 38.

semipalmata, 37.
Agelaius phoniceus, 11, 39, 85,

87, 90, 98, 120.

fortis, 90.
Aix sponsa, 8, 97, 120.
Alauda arvensis, 39.
Ammodramus caudacutus, 40.

henslowi, 111.

maritimus, 43.

sandwichensis savanna, 91.

savannarum passerinus, 87.
Anipelis cedrorum, 11, 41, 85, 87,

98, 118.
Anas boschas, 49, 119.

obscura, 37, 49, 97, 119.
Anhinga, 64.
Anhinga anhinga, 64.
Anthus pensilvanicus. 42.
Antrostomus vociferus, 10, 97,

120.
Ardea herodias, 37, 97, 119.
Ardetta exilis, 9, 37.
Asio accipitrinus, 38, 118.

wilsonianus, 10, 117.
Astragalinus, psaltria, 134.

tristis, 11, 40, 85, 87, 98, 118.
Aythya affinis, 49, 89.

americana, 49.
Bseolophus bicolor, 8, 12, 86, 88,

114, 115, 118.
Baldpate, 67, 76.
Bartramia longicauda, 9. 37.
Bittern, American, 8, 77, 120.

Least, 9, 37, 77, 99.
Blackbird, Red-winged, 4, 11, 17,

39, 60, 76, 85, 87, 90, 98, 100,

107, 120.

Rusty, 3. 39, 45, 46, 76, 119.

Thick-billed, Red- winged, 90.
Bluebird, 3, 4, 12. 16, 17, 26, 43,

44, 45, 46, 47, 50, 53, 54, 55,

60, 76, 81, 86, 88, 99, 100,

107, 122.
Bob-white, 3, 9, 17, 28, 52, 53, 54,

60, 80, 100, 107, 117, 133.
Bobolink, 4, 10, 16, 39, 77, 99,

120.
Bonasa umbellus, 9, 49, 97, 117.
Botaurus lentiginosus, 8, 120.
Branta canadensis, 37, 49, 119.

hutchinsii, 64.
Bubo virginianus, 10, 117.
Bufflehead, 49, 77, 80.
Bunting, Indigo, 11, 15, 41, 45,

46, 47, 53, 54, 60, 78, 85, 87,

98. 99, 100, 101, 106, 121,

130.
Buteo borealis, 9, 38, 49, 97, 119.

latissimus, 9.

lineatus, 9, 38, 49, 84, 120.

platypterus, 38, 89, 109, 120.
Butorides virescens, 9, 37, 84,

97, 120.

Cardinal, 11, 28, 40, 45, 46, 47,

52, 53. 54, 60, 81, 82, 85, 87,

100, 113, 118.
Cardinalis cardinalis, 11, 28, 40,

85, 87, 113, 118.
Carduelis carduelis, 40.
Carpodacus purpureus, 40, 110,

118.
Catbird, 3, 4, 12, 17, 21, 42, 45,

46, 53, 54, 59, 60, 78, 85, 87,

98, 99, 100, 101, 116, 121.
Cathartes aura, 28.

septentrionalis, 84,
86.
Ceophlceus pileatus, 108.
Certhia familiaris americana,

43, 118.
Cer'yle alcvon, 10, 38, 84, 86, 97,

120.
Ghsetura pelagica, 10, 35, 85, 86,

97, 120.
Chaffinch, 39.

Charadrius dominicus, 49.
Charitonetta albeola, 49.
Chat. Yellow-breasted, 4, 12, 16,

17, 42, 53, 54, 60, 78, 85, 87,

92. 100, 116, 121, 131.
Chelidon erythrogaster, 11.

INDEX TO VOLUME XVII, 1905.

Chen caerulescens, 63.
Chewink, 85, 87, 106, 107.
Chebec, 4.
Chickadee, 1. 3, 7. 12, 16, 43,

44, 46. 50, 81, 99, 100, 118.

Carolina, 53, 54, 55, 60, 86,

88, 101, 106, 115.
Chordeiles virginianus, 38, 97,

119.
Chuck-will's-widow, 131.
Circus hudsonius, 9. 38, 120.
Cistothoms palustris, 12.

stellaris, 12. 43, 108, 114,

121.
Clausula clangula americana,

37, 49.
Coccvzus ainericanus, 10, 38,

116, 120.

erythrophthalmus, 10, 38,
120.
Colaptes auratus. 115.

luteus, 10. 38, 50,
84, 86, 97. 120.
Colinus virginianus. 9, 28, 119.
Golymbus auritus, 36, 49.

'holboellii. 36, 119.
Compsothlypis americana, 119.
usnese, 4, 42,
85, 87, 108.
Contopus virens, 10, 98, 120.
Coot, American. 76, 79, 132.
Cormorant. Double-crested, 37.
Corvus amerieanus, 125.

brachvrhinchos, 10, 39, 50,
85, 86. 98, 118.

eorax principalis. 108.

ossifrasus. 39. 85.
Coturniculus savannarum pas-

serinus, 18. 40, 91, 111. 121.
Cowbird. 4. 11. 17, 39, 61, 76, 82,

100, 120.
Croener. Brown. 3. 43, 44, 46,

54, 76, 80. 82, 118.
Crow. American. 10. 15, 16, 39,

47, 50. 53, 54, 55. 60. 76, 81,

85, 86. 98. 99. 100. 106, 118.

Fish, 39, 85. 100.
Crossbill, American, 28, 50, 67,

110, 118.

White-winged. 82. 111, 118.
Crvntotdaux acadica, 118.
Cuckoo. Black-billed, 4, 17, 38,

54. 78, 100, 120.

Yellow-billed. 21, 38, 47, 53,

79, 99. 100. 116, 120, 131.
Cyanospiza evanea, 41, 85, 87,

98, 116, 121.
Dafila acuta, 119.

Dendroica aestiva, 12, 85, 87 98

121.

blackburniae, 42, 92, 119.

i-MM'ulescens, 119.

castanea, 42.

coronata, 42. 119.

discolor, 92, 116.

dominica albilora, 92.

maculosa, 119.

palmarum, 42.

hypochrisea, 42, 119.

pensylvanica, 8, 9, 12, 42,
98, 121.

striata. 42, 85, 92, 119.

tigrina, 108. 114.

vigorsii, 42.

virens, 42, 119.
Dickcissel, 66. 78, 92.
Dolichonyx oryzivorus, 10, 39,

120.
Dove. Mourning, 4, 9, 53, 54, 60,

67, 76. 81. 84, 99, 100, 120.
Dryobates pubescens medianus,

10. 38, 50, 84, 86, 97, 117.

villosus, 10, 38, 50, 66, 97,
117.
Duck. Black. IS, 37, 49, 76, 80,

81. 97. 119.

Lesser Scaup, 49, 76, 81, 86,
89, 130.

Red-legged Black, 81, 89.

Ruddy. 77, 80.

Scaup, 76, 80.

Wood, 8, 15, 97, 120.
Eagle. Bald. 18, 49. 81, 107.

Golden, SO, 82.
Ectopistes migratorius, 108.
Elanoides forficatus, 90.
Empidonax flaviventris, 39, 80,

108, 110.

minimus, 10, 39, 98, 120.

traillii alnorum, 120.

virescens, 85, 86.
Eupbagus carolinus, 39, 119.
Falco columbarius, 38.

peregrinus anatum, 27, 38,

108.

sparverius, 9, 38, 50, 120.
Finch, Purple. 16, 10. 53, 55, 78,

80, 82. 110. 118, 129.
Flicker, 115.

Northern, 2. 3, 10. 17, 38,

44, 46, 52, 53, 54, 55, 60, 76,

80, 84, 86, 97, 99, 100, 101,

106, 120.
Flvcatcher, Acadian, 54.

Alder, 120.

INDEX TO VOLUME XVII, 1905.

Crested, 10, 17, 39, 53, 54,
60, 77, 85, 86, 98, 99, 100,
101, 116, 120, 131.

Green-crested, 21, 60, 78, 85,
86, 100.

Least, 4, 10, 16, 39, 45, 47,
60, 77, 82, 98, 100, 120.

Olive-sided. 4, 39, 119.

Scissor-tailed, 64.

Traill's, 60, 79.

Yellow-bellied, 39, 54, 60, 90,
110.
Fringilla coelebs, 39.
Fuligula affinis, 86.
Galeoscoptes carolinensis, 12,

42. 85, 87, 98, 116, 121.
Gallinago delicata, 119.
Gallinule, Florida, 27.
Gallinula galeata, 27.
Gannet, 37.
Gavia imber, 36, 49.
Geothlypis agilis, 108, 109.

formosa, 92.

triehas, 85, 87.

brachydactila, 12, 42,
98, 121.
Gnatcatcher, Blue Gray, 53, 60,

67, 78, 86, 88.
Golden-eye, American, 37, 49,

76, 80.
Goldfinch, American, 4, 11, 16,

40, 47, 53, 54, 55. 60, 81, 85,

87, 98, 99, 100, 101, 118.

European, 40.
Goose. Blue, 63.

Canada. 37, 49, 76, 119.

Hutchins', 64.
Goshawk. 14.
Grackle, Bronzed, 39, 44, 46, 47,

52, 53, 54, 76, 99.

Purple, 11. 15. 16, 17, 39,
61, 85, 87, 100, 101, 121.
Grebe. Holboell's, 28, 36, 119.

Horned, 36, 49, 77, 80, 81.

Pied-billed. 36. 49, 77, 79,

99, 119.
Grosbeak, Blue, 60, 131.

Canadian Pine, 50, 80, 82.
Northern Pine, 50,
Pine, 28.

Rose-breasted, 11, 21, 40, 45,
46, 47, 53, 78, 98, 99,

100, 101, 102, 121, 131.
Grouse, Ruffed, 9, 49, 80, 94, 97,

107, 117, 131.
Gull, Bonaparte, 49, 77, 79, 89.
Great Black-backed, 36.

Herring, 37, 49, 79, 80, 81,

118.
Kittiwake, 36.
Laughing, 74.
Ring-billed, 37, 49.
Habia ludoviciana, 8.
Haliaeetus leucocephalus, 49.
Hawk, American Rough-legged,
80.

American Sparrow, 9, 38,
50, 60, 76, 81, 82, 99,
inn. 120.

Broad-winged, 9, 38, 53, 61,
76, .89, 100, 109, 120.

Cooper, 9, 38, 76, 82, 97.

Duck, 27, 38, 108.

Fish, 84.

Marsh, 9, 38, 76.

Pigeon, 38, 81, 100.

Red-shouldered, 9, 38, 49,
84, 120.

Red-tailed, 9, 15, 17, 38, 49,
81, 97, 119.

Sharp-shinned, 9, 38, 60, 81,
97, 120.
Helminthrophila celata, 108, 113.

chrysoptera, 41, 89, 98.

lawrencei, 41.

leucobronchialis, 67.

peregrina, 42.

pinus, 11, 41, 121.

rnbricapilla, 41.
Hemitheros vermivorus, 11, 41,

87," 92, 98, 121.
Hen, Heath, 107.
Helodromas solitarius, 37.
Heron, Black-crowned Night, 9,

17, 37, 84, 100, 120.

Great Blue, 15, 16, 18, 37,
77. SI, 97, 119.

Green, 9, 17, 37, 61, 77, 84,
97, 100, 107, 120.
Hirundo erythrogaster, 41, 85,

98, 121.
Horizopus virens, 85, 86.
Hummingbird, Ruby-throated, 4,

10, 17, 38, 45, 46, 47, 53, 61,

78, 86, 97, 100, 102, 120, 131.
Hylocichla aliciae, 43.

fuscescens, 43, 121.

guttata palasii, 43, 119.

mustelina, 43, 86, 88, 99, 116,
121. '

swainsonii, 43.

ustulata swainsonii, 119.
Icteria virens, 8, 12, 42, 85, 87,

92, 108, 116, 121.

tNDEX TO VOLUME XVII, L905.

Icterus galbula, 11, 39, 87, 91,
98, 121.

spurius, 11, 39, 85, 87, 121.
Jaeger, Pornarine, 36.
Jay, Blue, 1, 3, 4. LO, 16, 39, 44,

46, 54, 55, 61, 80,
85, 86, 98„ 99, 100.
Canada, 50.

Junco hyemalis, 40, 50, US.
Junco, Slate-colored, 1, 40, 44,

47, 5". 52, 54, 55, 80, 118.
Killdeer. 60, 76, 100.
Kingbird, 4. 10, 17, 47, 53, 54,

60, 77, 85, S6, 98, 99, 100,
120, 131.

Kingfisher, Belted, 10, 17, 38, 52,

61, 78, 81, 82, 84, 86, 97, 99,
100, 120.

5, 66, 77. 79, SO, 82,

110, 120.

Rubv-crowned. 43, 44. 45,
46, 50, 53, 66, 7"
119, 131.
Kite, Swallow-tailed, 90.
Lanius borealis, 41, 50, 118.

ludovicianus migrans, 41,
50.
Kinglet, Golden-crowned, 43, 46,
Lanivireo flavifrons, 85, 87.
Lark, Horned, 39, 80, 118, 133.

Hoyt Horned, 80.

Prairie Horned, 2, 53, 54, 55,
81, 91, 130.
Larus argentatus, 37, 49, 118.

atricilla. 74.

delawarensis, 37, 49.

marinus, 36.

Philadelphia, 49.
Loon, 36, 49, 77, 80.
Longspur, Lapland, 80.
Lophodytes cucullatus, 49.
Loxia curvirostra minor, 28, 50,

110, 118.
Mallard, 49. 76, 80, 117.
Martin, Purple, 26. 60, 77, 85, 87,

99, 100, 101, 106, 107, 121.
Meadowlark, 3, 4, 11, 17, 39, 47,

5, 58, 60, 81, 85, 99,

100, 120, 131.
Megascops asio, 10, 115, 117.
Melanerpes carolinus, 110.

erythrocephalus, 10, 38, 86,
118.
Meleagris gallopavo fera, 90.
sylvestris, 108.
Melospiza cinerea melodia, 11,
40, 50, 85, 87, 91, 98,
118.

georgiaua, 11, 40, 98, 112,

121.
lincoinii, 40, 112.
Merganser americanus, 49, 84.

serrator, 49.
Merganser, American, 49, 76, SO,'
81, 84.

Hoodi-d. 19, 77
Red-breasted, 49, 76, 80.
Morula migratoria, 12, 43, 50,

- 86, 88, 99, 112.
Mini us polyglottos, 115.
Mhiotilta varia, 11, 41, 85, 87,

98.
Mockingbird, 53, 54, 55, 59, 60,

115.
Molothrus ater, 11, 39, 120.
Myiarcbus crinitus, 10, 39, 85,

86, 98, 116, 120.
Nighthawk, 17, 54, 60, 78, 97,

100, 119, 130, 131.
Nettion carolinensis, 119.
Nuthatch, Red-breasted, 43, 50,
53, 79, 119.

White-breasted, 4, 12, 43,
44, 50, 60, 81, 88, 99,
101.
Nuttalornis borealis, 39, 119.
Nvcricorax uycticorax naevius,

9, 37, 84, 120.
Oidemia americana, 37, 49.

deglandi, '.7.
Olbiorchilus hiemalis, 43, 118.
Old-squaw, SO.
Olor buccinator, 28.
columbianus, 28.
Otocoris alpestris, 39, 118.
actia, 133.
praticola, 91.
Oriole, Baltimore, 4, 7, 11, 17,
39, 46, 47, 53, 54, 59, 61, 77,
87, 91, 98, 100, 121.
Orchard, 11, 18, 39, 53, 51.
60, 78, 85, 87, 99, 101, 106,
121, 131.
Osprey, American, 15, 16, 17,

38, 77, 100, 119.
Oven-bird, 12, 16, 17, 21, 42, 45,
46, 53, 54, 60, 78, 85, 87, 9S,
100, 101, 102, 106, 121.
Owl, American Barn, 9, 109, 117,
132.
American Long-eared, 81,

117.
Barred, 10, 117.
Great Horned, 10, 81, 106,

117.
Saw-whet, 118.

INDEX TO VOLUME XVII, 1905.

Screech, 10, 81, 115, 117.

Short-eared, 38, 118.

Snowy, 80.
Pandion haliaetus carolinensis,

38, 84, 119.
Passer domesticus, 11. 39, 85,

87, 98', 118.
Passerculus princeps, 40.

sandwichensis savanna, 40,
111, 119.
Passerella iliaca, 40, 112, 119.
Passerina cyanea, 11.

nivalis, 28, 50, 118.
Pavoncella pugnax, 134.
Penthestes aurocapillus, 99.

carolinensis, 86, 88.
Perisoreus canadensis, 50.
Petrochelidon lunifrons, 11, 98,

121.
Peucaea bachmanii, 91, 116.
Pewee, Wood, 10, 17, 53, 54,

60, 78, 85, 86, 98, 99, 100,

106, 120, 130.
Phalacrocorax dilophus, 37.
Pheasant, English, 18.
Philohela minor, 9, 120.
Phcebe, 2, 3, 4, 10, 16, 26, 39,

47, 53, 54, 60, 76, 86, 98, 100,

120.
Picoides arcticus, 50.
Pigeon, Passenger, 13, 48.
Pinicola enucleator leucura, 28,

50.
Pintail, 76, 79, 119.
Pipilo erythrophthalmus, 11, 40,

85, 87, 98, 113, 121.
Pipit, American, 77, 129.
Piranga erythromelas, 11, 41,

87, 98, 121.

rubra, 87, 116.
Plover, American Golden, 49.

Piping, 18, 138.

Semipalmated, 37.
Podilymbus podiceps, 36, 49,

119.
Polioptila cserulea, 86, 88.
Pocecetes gramineus, 40, 119.
Porzana Carolina, 37.
Progne subis, 85, 87, 121.
Protonotaria citrea, 113.
Quail, Gambel's, 133.
Querguedula discors, 119.
Quiscalus quiscula, 11, 39 85,

87, 121.

asneus, 39.
Rail, Clapper, 37.

King, 9, 78, 82, 120.

Virginia, 78, 82, 100, 120.

Rallus crepitans, 37.

elegans, 9, 120.

virginianus, 120.
Raven, Northern, 48.
Red-head, 49.
Redpoll, 1, 50, 80, 118.
Red-wing, Thick-billed, 90.
Redstart, American, 4, 12, 16,

17, 21, 42, 46, 47, 53, 60, 78,

85, 87, 98, 100, 101, 102, 121,

131.
Regulus calendula, 43, 50, 66,

119.

satrapa, 43, 66, 118.
Riparia riparia, 11, 41, 85, 121.
Rissa tridactyla, 36.
Robin, American, 2, 3, 4, 12, 17,

25, 26, 43, 44, 46, 47, 50, 53,

54, 55, 58, 60, 76, 81, 86, 88,

99, 100, 101, 107, 122, 130,

131.
Ruff, 134.
Sandpiper, Bartramian, 9, 37,

77.

Least, 37, 79.

Pectoral, 37, 77.

Solitary, 37, 54, 77, 82.

Spotted, 9, 17, 37, 51, 52, 61,

77, 84, 86, 97, 100, 120.

Sapsucker, Yellow-bellied, 38,

46, 55, 56, 57, 77, 80, 82, 119,

131.
Sayornis phcebe, 10, 39, 86, 98,

120.
Scoter, American, 37, 49.

White-winged, 37.
Seiurus aurocapillus, 12, 42, 85,

87, 98, 121.

motacilla, 42, 85, 98, 102,
119.

noveboracensis, 42, 87, 114,
119.
Setophaga ruticilla, 12, 42, 87,

98, 121.
Shoveller, 27.

Shrike, Loggerhead, 55, 60.
Migrant, 47, 50, 76.

Northern, 1, 50, 80.
Sialia sialis, 12, 43, 86, 88 99,

122.
Siskin, Pine, 28, 40, 50.
Sitta canadensis, 43, 50, 119.

carolinensis, 12, 43, 50, 88,
99, 118.
Skylark, 39.

Snipe, Wilson, 3, 52, 76, 80, 119.
Snowflake, 28, 50, 80, 118, 129.
Sora, 37, 45, 47, 78.

IXPKX TO VOLUME XVII, L905.

Sparrow, Bachman's, 53, 54, 58,
60, 91, llti. 131.

Chipping, 4. II. 17. 46, 47,

53, 54, 60, 76, 77, 98, 100,
L01, 115, 121.

English, 3, 4, 11. 16, 17, 39,

85, 87, 98, 118.

Field, 11. 17. 40, -17. 52, 53,

54, 55, on, 76, 85, 87, 98, 99,

toi, 1117, in;, mi.

Fox, m. 76, 80, 111', 111.
Grasshopper, 17, is, 19, 40,
54, 60, 77. 91, 100, 101, 111,

121.
I [enslow's, 111.
Ipswich, in.
Lark, 16, 47. 77, 91.
Leconte's, 52. 54.
Lincoln's, 40, 53, 54, 78, 112.
Savanna, 17, 40, 77, 91, 111,

119.
Seaside, 35, 43. 100.
Sharp-tailed, 35, 40, 100.
Song, 3, 4, 11, 17, 40, 45, 47,

50, 52, 54, 55, 60, 76,

81, 85, 87, 91, 98, 99,
inn. 101, 112, 118.

Swamp, 11, 40, 52, 53, 76,

98, 112, 121.
Tree, 40. 50. 54, 55, 80, 118.
Vesper, 3. 40, 52, 60, 77, 81,

82, 100, 101, 119.
White-crowned, 40, 52, 54,

61, 77, 79, 119.
White-throated, 3, 40, 44, 45,
52, 53, 54, 61, 77, 79,
112. 119.
Spatula clypeata, 27.
Sphyrapicus varius, 38, 56, 119.
Spinus pinus, 28', 40, 50, 119.
Spiza americana, 66, 92.
Spizella monticola, 10, 50, 118.
pusilla, 11, 40, 85, 87, 98,

116, 121.
socialis, 11, 40, 87, 98, 1 15,
121.
Starling, 39, 120.
Stelgodppteryx serripennis, 11,

II. 85, 87, 113, 121.
Stercorarius pomarinus. ".(I.
Sterna hirundo, 34, 37, 55, 88.
Strix pratincola, 9, 109.
Sturnella magna, 11, 39, 85, 98,

I2n.
Sturnus vulgaris, 39, 120.
Sula bassana, 37.
Swallow, Bank, 11, 17, 41, 53,
60, 85, 99, 101, 121.

Hani. 1. 11. 17, 41, 47, 61,
77. 85, 98, 99, 100, 101,
106, 107. 121.
Cliff. 11, 53. 77, 98, 100, 121,

131.
Rough-winged, 11. 41, 53, 60,
77, 95, 98, 101, 11::, 121.
Tree, '.is, 1 19.
Swan, Trumpeter, 28.

Whistling, 28.
Swift, Chimney, in. 17, 38, 46,
1 7. 5::. 54. 60, 77, 86, 97, 99,

100, 101, 107, 120. 131.
Symphemia semipalmata, 27.
Syrnium varium, 10, 117.
Tanager, Scarlet, 11. 17, 21, 41,

48, 53, 59, 61, 78, 98, 100,

lot, 102. lot;, 121, 131.

Summer. 53, 54, 60, 116,

130.
Teal, Blue-winged, 119.

Green-winged, 119.
Telmatodvtes palustris, 43, 86,

121.

thryophilus, 134.
Tern, Black, 27, 78, 81, 126.

Common, 18, 34, 37, 55, 78.
88.
Thrasher, Brown, 2, 3, 4, 12,

17, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 53, 54,

59, 60, 77. 87, 98, 99, 100,

101, 107, 115, 121.
Thrush, Grav-cheeked, 21, 43,

78.

Hermit, 3, 43, 54, 59, 61. 77.

80, 81, 82, 119, 129.
Olive-backed, 21, 43, 78, 79,

no.
Wilson's, 12, 43, 46, 47, 53,

51, 60, 78, 121.
Wood, 12, 17, 43, 44, 45, 46,
17. 5 1. 59, 60, 78, si;, ss.
99, inn. 101, 102, 106,
116, 121. 130.
Titmouse. Tufted. 12. 53, 54, 55,

60, 67, 81, 86, 88, 100, 101,
106, 114. 118.

Tetanus melanoleucus, 37, 49.
Towh.ee, 11, 17, 40, 44, 45, 46,

17. 5:;. 5 1. 55, 60. 76. 81. 82,

85, 87, OS. 100, 101, 106, 113,

115, 121, 129.
Toxostoma rufum, 12, 43, 87, 98,

115, 121.
Trochilus culubris, 10, 38, 86,

97, 120.

Troglodytes aedon, 12, 43, 87,

98, 115, 121.

INDEX TO VOLUME XVII, 1905.

Tliryothorus ludovicianus, 8,

12, 43, 85, 87, 121.
Turdus fuscescens, 12.

mustelinus. 12.
Turkey, Wild, 90.
Turnstone, 79.
Tvrannus tyrannus, 10, 39, 86,

99, 120.
Veery, 44.

Vermivora pinus, 85.
Yireo belli! medius, 134.

flavifrons, 11, 41, 116, 121.

gilvus, 41, 91, 121.

noveboracensis, 11, 41, 85,
87, 92, 121.

olivaceus, 11, 41, 98, 121.

philadelphicus, 92.

solitarius, 41, 119.
Yireo, Bell's, 3.

Blue-headed, 21, 41, 77, 79,
119.

Philadelphia. 3, 59, 60, 92.

Red-eyed, 11. 17, 21, 41, 53.
54, 60, 77, 85, 87, 98,

100, 101, 106, 121, 130.
Warbling, 16, 41, 53, 54, 59,

60, 77, 85, 87, 91, 100,

101, 121.
White-eved, 4, 11, 17, 41, 53,

54, 60, 85, 87, 92, 101,
106, 121, 130.
Yellow-throated, 11, 16, 41,
53, 54, 60, 77, 85, 87,
100, 101, 116, 120, 130,
131.
Vireosylvia gilva, 85, 87.

olivacea, 85, 87.
Vulture, Turkey, 28, 52, 53, 54,
55, 58, 60, 76, 84, 86, 100,
106.
Warbler, Bay-breasted, 21, 42,
60, 67, 79.
Black and White, 11, 17, 21,

41, 44, 45, 46, 53, 54, 60,

77, 85, 87, 98, 101, 121,
130.

Blackburnian, 21, 42, 59, 61,

78, 92, 119.
Black-poll, 21, 42, 53, 54, 60,

79, 85, 92, 119, 131.
Black-throated. Blue, 21, 60,

78, 79, 100, 119.
Black-throated, Green, 21,

42, 53, 54, 60, 78, 79,
82, 119.

Blue-winged, 11, 41, 60, 78,

85, 106, 121.
Brewster's, 67, 78.

Canadian, 46, 47, 60, 79, 98.
Cape May, 53. 60, 79, 114,

131.
Cerulean, 45, 47, 53, 61, 78,

100.
Chestnut-sided, 12, 42, 46,

47, 54, 59, 60, 78, 79, 98,

102, 121, 130, 131.
Connecticut, 21, 60, 79, 109,

130.
Golden-Winged, 60, 79, 98.
Hooded, 42, 79, 130.
Kentucky, 78, 92, 100, 130.
Kirtland's, 68, 79.
Lawrence's, 35, 41.
Magnolia, 46. 47, 54, 60, 78,

79. 119, 131.
Mourning, 21, 79.
Myrtle. :',. 21. 22, 42, 53, 54,

55. 60, 78, 79, 119, 130,

131.
Nashville, 21, 41, 60, 78, 79.
Northern Parula, 4, 5, 6, 7,

17, 42, 78, 108.
Orange-crowned, 78, 113.
Palm, 3, 42, 78, 79, 131.
Parula, 59, 60, 85, 87, 106,

119, 131.
Pine, 42, 60, 78, 106.
Prairie, 42, 53, 54, 58, 59,

60, 79, 92, 106, 107, 116.
Prothonotary, 78, 113.
Sycamore, 92, 130.
Tennessee, 42, 60, 79, 130,

131.
Wilson, 42, 45, 47, 60, 79,

114, 119.
Western Parula, 21.
Worm-eating, 11. 41, 53, 59,

60, 87, 92, 98, 121.
Yellow, 12, 17, 54, 60, 78,

85, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101,

121, 130.
Yellow Palm, 42, 53, 79, 119.
Water-Thrush, 21, 42, 78, 79,
114, 119.
Louisiana, 60, 77, 85, 87, 98,

100. 102, 119, 130.
Waxwing, Cedar, 11. 17, 41, 54,

55, 82, 85, 87, 98, 99, 118.
WhipDOorwill. 10, 16, 59, 61, 78,

97, 106. 107. 120, 131.
Willet, 27.

Wilsonia canadensis, 42, 98.
mitrata, 42.
pusilla, 42, 108, 119.
Woodcock, American, 9, 15, 27,
48, 76, 81, 120, 129.

INDEX TO VOLUME XVII, 1905.

Woodpecker, Downy, 10, 16, 38,
46, 50, 53, 54, 55, 57, 60, 81,
84, 86, 97, 100, 106, 117.
Arctic, Three-toed, 50.
Hairy, 1, 10, 38, 44, 46, 50,

54, 61, 66, 81, 97, 99,
100, 117.

Northern Pileated, 50, 81.
Pileated, 53, 54, 80.
Red-bellied, 52, 54, 81, 110.
Red-headed, 4, 10, 38, 53, 54,

60, »77, 81, 86, 99, 100,

118.
Wren, Bewick's, 54, 55, 58, 60.
Carolina, 12, 18, 43, 53, 54,

55, 59, 60, 81, 83, 87,
100, 101, 121.

House, 3, 12, 16, 26, 44, 46,
47, 60, 78, 85, 88, 99,

100, 101, 121.

Long-billed Marsh, 12, 43,
78, 86, 100, 121.

Short-billed Marsh, 12, 43,
114, 121.

Winter, 43, 78, 79.
Yellow-legs, 61, 77, 80.

Greater, 37, 49, 77, 79.
Yellow-throat, Maryland, 53, 60,

85, 87, 106, 107, 130.

Northern, 4, 12, 17, 21, 42,

78, 98, 100, 101, 121.
Zamelodia ludoviciana, 11, 40,

98, 121.
Zenaidura macroura, 9, 84, 120.
Zonotrichia albicollis, 40, 119.

coronata, 40.

leucophrys, 119.

INDEX OF AUTHORS.

Baird, Rob't L. — Bird Migration at Oberlin, Ohio, 75.

Bruen, Frank.— A Trip to Gardiner's Island, 14; Transplanting a
Robin, 25; Moving a Wren's Home, 26; Widow Hummer, 102.

Burns, Frank L. — Bird Builders at Fault, 26; Some New Jersey
Records, 27.

Deane, Ruthven. — An Unusual Flight of Hawks in 1858, 13.

Embody, G. C. — Bird Horizons from Russellville. Ky., 52.

Hann, H. H. — A Preliminary List of the Birds of Summit County,
N. J.. 117.

Henninger, W. F. — All Day with the Birds at Durmid, Va., 58; Two
Goose Records from Ohio, 63; Further Notes on the Birds of
Middle Southern, O., 89; Three Hitherto Unknown Pelican Rec-
ords frcm Ohio, 126 ;An Addition to the Birds of Middle South-
ern Ohio. 126; A Fourth Record of the Barn Owl for Seneca
County, Ohio, 129.

Hix, George E. — A Year with the Birds in New York City, 35.

Holmes, LaRue K. — Summer Birds of Summit, Union Co., N. J., 8.

Hunt, Chreswell J. — A-Birding Among the New Jersey Pines, 105;
The Spotted Sandpiper, 51.

Jacobs, J. Warren — Nesting Habits of the Grasshopper Sparrow in
South-western Pennsylvania, 18.

Jones, Lynds. — Some Further Suggestions for Bird Study, 61; Ad-
ditions to the Birds of Ohio, 64; The Drumming of the Ruffed
Grouse, 94.

Metcalf, Zeno. — Ruby-crowned Kinglet in Winter. 66.

Mills, Wm. J. — Some Breeding Records from East Point, Ga., 115.

Morris, C. H. — Winter Notes on Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Sphyra-
picus varius), 56.

Oberholser. Harry C. — Two Bird Days near Washington. D. C, 84.

Rogers, Charles H.— Louisiana Water-Thrush in Philadelphia in
Summer, 103.

Schaller, Carleton. — Two Weeks with the Birds in Kent, Conn., 97;
Some Spring Records from the Vicinity of New York City, 67.

Sherman, Althea R. — Some Observations at Weedseed Inn, 1.

Smith, Robert Windsor. — Bird Migration at Kirkwood, Ga., 129.

Sparks, Marion E. — Birds vs. Street Cars, 44.

Swales, Bradshaw H. — Additions and Additional Data to a Prelim-
inary List of the Land Birds of South-eastern Michigan, 108.

Taverner, P. A.— Ornithology a Science, 123; Priority, 125; Bird
Casualties, 129.

Wilde. Mark L. C. — Breeding Habits of Parula Warbler (Compso-
thlypis american-a usneae), in New Jersey, 4.

Wood, J. Claire. — Some Notes on Michigan Warblers, 20; Nesting
of the Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 57; Some Nesting Sites of the
Hairy Woodpecker, 66; Extracts from My Note-book, 1905, 129;
The Dickcissel in Wayne Co., Mich., 67.

Wood, Walter C. — Autumn Birds of the Les Cheneaux Islands, 48.

ERRATA FOR VOL. XII.

Bulletin No. 50. Contents. For "Some Notes on Michigan Warb-
lers. J. Claire Wood — 20," line 12, read "Notes. The Robin's
Return. Chreswell J. Hunt."

Page 7, line 10, for "Orioles" read "Oriole's."

Page 22, line G, for "give" read "gave."

Page 28, line 37, for."specius" read "species," last line, for "speci-
ments" read "specimens."

June number. For No. "52" on front cover read "51."

Page 36, line 13. For the period substitute a comma. Line 35, for
••Pomrine" read "Pomarine."

Page 45, line 20, for "Rusty Blackbird" read "Bronzed Grackle."

Page 55, line 3, for "Downey" read "Downy."

Page 62. line 19, for "appears" read "appear."

Bulletin No. 52, the page numbers are thrown forward because in
making up the forms, the printer counted in the two pages of
advertising beyond blank page 70.

Page 75, line 4, for "presnt" read "present."

Page 75, line 16; for "are from" read "for 1905."

Page 80, line 36, for "Ruffled" read "Ruffed." Line 39 add "north-
ern."

Page 84, line 19, for "Mergauser" read "Merganser."

Page 85, line 1, for "Chactura" read "Chastura." Line 13, for "quis-
calus" read "quiscula."

Page 92, for paragraph 22 substitute the following: Icteria virens.
Yellow-breasted Chat. On May 22, 1906 (Scioto Co.) I found a
set of 2 heavily incubated eggs. On May 17, 1901 (Pike Co.) I
found another heavily incubated set. On May 31, 1905, I found
a set of 4 fresh eggs in Scioto Co. What is the reason for this
peculiarity in breeding habits?

Page 91, line 2 from bottom, for "frequently" read "frequents."

Page 94, line 21, for "intirely" read "entirely."

Page 99, line 8, after "fectly" insert "certain."

Page 102, line 3, for "store" read "stone."

Page 103. line 9 from bottom, for "to" read "too," and for "too"
read "to."

Page 106, line 24, for "Priarie" read "Prairie."

Page 109, line 24, for "any" read "my."

Page 112, line 22, after "found" insert "it."

Page 121, bottom line, for Hyocichla" read "Hylocichla."

Page 123, line 6 from bottom, for "objection" read "objective."

Page 132. line 16, for "Hemingway" read "Henninger."

THE

WILSON BULLETIN

NO. 50.

A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY.

VOL. XVII. MARCH, 1905. NO. 1

SOME OBSERVATIONS AT WEEDSEED INN:

BY ALTHEA R. SHERMAN.

Not every person who enjoys the companionship of birds is
permitted to go a-field every day. or even once each week.
The majority of us must be content the greater part of the year
with the bird study obtained in our own dooryards. It is the
purpose of this article to refer to some of the bird items noted
at Weedseed Inn. The latitude of this inn is that of 43° north.
Its longitude is nearly that of 91° west from Greenwich, which
locates a spot of prairie land six miles from the Mississippi
River and one mile and a half from the timber belt that borders
that river. This bird hostelry covers a space of three acres,
which embraces an orchard, meadow-land, and a portion of a
ravine. The latter in spring and autumn is wet enough to en-
tertain some of the water fowls.

Beginning with January the weather for six weeks i< usually
too severe and the location too exposed for the inn to entertain
man}- birds. Until the last of December Blue Jays have usu-
ally called almost every clay, and occasionally a Hairy Wood-
pecker has stopped for a meager lunch, and a mild spell has
brought out a few Juncos. But the winter of 1903-4 was an ex-
ception. Chickadees came often and pecked at some suet hung
out for them. Flocks of Redpolls came several times and bird
music was furnished by a Northern Shrike that called often
and announced his presence with one of his squeaky airs.
Plum trees full of thorns, and a meadow full of mice with but
little snow on the ground made Weedseed Inn a favorite cara-
vansary for him. He was often seen impaling a mouse on a

2 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 50.

thorn, and the hindquarters of his prey were some times found
in the trees after he left.

Toward the last of February the call of the Prairie Horned
Lark comes up from the adjoining- fields, and it is not long be-
fore our Robins and Phcebes return to us. None of our birds
haye ever been marked, but a neighbor had a male Robin that
"the fool with a gun" deprived of a foot. This bird with his
mate for two years has nested in her yard. Will another spring-
time bring him back is a problem soon to be solved.

We feel very certain that some of our birds return year after
year. Several Phcebes stay about for four or five weeks, but
at nesting-time it is but one pair that remains to occupy the old
nest in the barn that has been the birthplace of so many
Phcebes. A crack in the flooring above the nest affords a fine
opportunity for observing Dame Phoebe's method of raising a
family. She does a little refitting of the nest every spring, and
on an early day in May lays her first egg. Every morning
thereafter between five and nine o'clock an egg is added to the
clutch until five jewel-like treasures are to be found. It has
been a source of interest to notice the variation in the periods
of incubation ; that some broods remain longer in the nest than
others ; that sometimes eight and again ten days elapse from
the time the nest is deserted by the first brood before Phcebe
lays the first egg of her second set. To watch her five little
ones go to bed night after night on the lowest branch of an
apple tree has been an interesting experience. Mr. Phcebe
must have taken these young ones to another summer resort,
since they disappeared from Weedseed Inn about the time
Mother Phoebe began her second sitting.

For several years this hostelry has been the home of a pair
of Brown Thrashers. They arrive very early in May, and
about the middle of that month the first egg is laid. For the
past two seasons their first nest for the year has been in a lilac
bush about fifteen feet from the house: the same nest being
occupied both years. Possibly they might feel that "the world
is out of joint" if no human being peeped into their nest each
day.

Then there is the Flicker's hole in the barn. It has been
there a long time, for it is remembered that he is now a large
lad who as a little fellow once asked, "Doctor, where do the

Sherman on Observations at YVeedseed Inn. 3

Woodpeckers go when they go in the barn ?" The hole gives
entrance to a nesting-place four by fifteen inches with a depth
of eighteen inches. This space is covered by a removable
board in which is a peep-hole commanding a good view of the
interior, a rare place for observation. The question of each
year is "What bird will take possession of the Flicker's hole?"
English Sparrows certainly will if not watched and routed.
Sometimes a Flicker raises a brood there, another year a Wren
will raise two broods in one summer. The favorably located
nests of Phoebe, Flicker, Wren, and Brown Thrasher have each
yielded sufficient topics of interest for a story by itself.

Many of the common birds nest about the place, but their
nests are not always found. One year a Bob-white had a nest
containing fourteen eggs not more than ten feet from the
plowed ground of the garden in which people worked daily.
Unfortunately a mowing machine ran over the spot and de-
stroyed the nest before mankind discovered it.

During migration days Weedseed Inn entertains its share of
guests. Early in the spring one may look for a day now and
then when a pair of Hermit Thrushes spends the whole day
here, moving about until the gathering gloom of night hides
them from view, but they are never seen the following day.
On other days the maple trees are covered with Rusty Black-
birds, enough to fill four and twenty pies, and the air is stirred
with music, enough to fill a whole country side. For about a
week in both spring and fall a dozen or more of Wilson's
Snipe prod and paddle in the marshy spots of the ravine, and
the question arises, "Are they not the same birds that tarry
each season?" One spring day comes to mind when the trees
fairly • swarmed with warblers. I then had little experience in
naming the birds and could identify but few of them.

The hour in which I identified the greatest number of birds
was from 7:30 to 8:30 o'clock on September 24, 1904. Al-
most all of them were seen from one window. The birds ob-
served there were the Flicker, Phoebe, Blue Jay, English Spar-
row. White-throated Sparrow, Song Sparrow, Aleadowlark.
Philadelphia Yireo, Bell's Yireo, Myrtle Warbler, Palm Warb-
ler, Brown Thrasher, House Wren, Chickadee, Bluebird and
Robin. A few minutes after half past eight Vesper Sparrows
and a Brown Creeper were seen, but a Catbird that nested in

-1 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 50

the yard during the summer did not appear until later in the
day. Add to this list of nineteen the birds seen during the six
previous days of the week which were Black-billed Cuckoo,
Olive-sided Flycatcher, Baltimore Oriole, Goldfinch, American
Redstart and White-breasted Nuthatch. This lot for one week
was equalled in number on May 25, L904, when twenty-six spe-
cies of birds were observed at Weedseed fun. Tiny were
Mourning Dove, Flicker, Red-headed Woodpecker, Ruby-
throated Hummingbird, Kingbird, Phoebe, Chebec, Blue Jay,
Bobolink, Cowbird, Red-winged Blackbird, Meadowlark, Bal-
timore Oriole, English Sparrow, Chipping Sparrow, Song
Sparrow, Swallow, White-eyed Yireo, Maryland Yellow-
throat, Yellow-breasted Chat, Crown Thrasher, House Wren,
Catbird, Bluebird, Robin, and another which could not be satis-
factorily named.

Early rising and a day devoted to observing the birds
would, no doubt, secure a much longer list of bird guests for
one day at this bird hostelry. A list of seventy-nine species
named and many others that were not identified suggests in
a limited degree what has been seen in one yard by a tyro in
the doorvard study of birds.

BREEDING HABITS OF PARULA WARBLER (Comp-
sothlypis americana usiwcc) IX NEW" JERSEY.

BY MARK L. C. WILDE.

Parula Warblers are very common during the breeding
season, in suitable localities, throughout the lower half of the
state of Yew Jersey. Commencing at Brown's Mills, on the
Rancocas Creek, situated in Burlington county some fourteen
miles east of Mount Holly, and journeying southward to the
Delaware Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, these birds can be found
breeding on the edge of all swamps, streams, lakes, ponds, and
mill dams, where there is a fairly good growth of that bearded
lichen (L^snea barbata), which many of the south Jerseymen
deign to call "Beard-Moss."

While the climatic conditions, to a very large extent, may
be responsible for the presence and growth of this so-called
"Beard-Moss/5 one thing is certain, and that is, this lichen
absolutelv controls the distribution of the Parula Warbler, as

Wilde on Parula Warbler. 5

far as the state of New Jersey is concerned. Wherever there
is an abundant growth of Usnea barbata a colony of these
beautiful warblers will be found breeding, for, strange as it
may seem, they construct their nests in it, build their nests of
it, and they search in and around it for insects, on all the
trees, bushes, and vines, where it grows.

Before proceeding further I wish to say a few things rela-
tive to this lichen (Usnea barbata). I shall hereafter call it
"Beard-Moss," only because that name has been associated in
my mind for so many years, in connection with Parula Warb-
lers. It therefore comes to me more naturally than any other
name possibly could. "Beard-Moss" must be seen to be ap-
preciated.

It is a long, stringy, or hairlike-growth, grayish-
green in color, and when covered with dew or moistened by
the rain, it feels quite soft and is pleasant to the touch. In
the dampened condition it gives you the impression of elastici-
ty ; so much so that I have often tried to make it stretch, as it
should were it composed of rubber. It grows in a tangled mass
the lower strands only being combed out, as it were, and left
to float in the passing breeze. It grows on the tree limbs, and
is thick in proportion to the thickness of the limb from which
it hangs, excepting when it grows on vines or bushes where
the twigs are close together ; then the whole growth is a
solid mass of "Beard-Moss." In New Jersey it thrives best
on the lower limbs of the trees and on small bushes and vines
near the surface water of the swamps, streams, or mill ponds,
and in the lakes or ponds it mostly grows at the "head," or
upper ends, where the water, coming down, empties into these
bodies of water.

Imagine being at the "head" of one of these ponds, where
all the trees and bushes are draped and festooned with this
beautiful growth, and here, on the warm summer days, you are
amid the Parula Warblers on their ideal breeding grounds.

The growth of the "Beard-Moss" at Brown's Mills is very
scant as compared with the growth along the Maurice River
up to about Willow Grove pond, located in eastern Salem
county, and even here it is not nearly so abundant as in lower
Cumberland,' Atlantic, and Cape May counties. The farther

6 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 50 .

south you go the thicker will be the growth of the "Beard-
Moss," hence the Parulas are more abundant.

Parula Warblers breed in colonies, owing to the "Beard-
Moss" occurring in separate and distinct patches, where condi-
tions are most favorable to its growth. Some of the ponds
where I once found many of their nests, are now almost de-
serted, simply because the mill-dams have broken, or the wa-
ter has been drained off, causing the "Beard-Moss" to dry up
and die. and the Parulas have taken up quarters in some other

neighboring locality where Usnea barbata thrives more luxu-
riantly.

Parula Warblers arrive from the South in the lower por-
tion of the state about the first of May., apparently already
paired, and within about ten days or two weeks nest building
has begun. Full sets of fresh eggs are usualy deposited in
Cape May county by May 20th, while further north, at Brown's
Mills, Burlington county, the date would be about June 1st.

Almost all of the many nests I have examined contained
four eggs. I have never found over four, but occasionally
some nests contain but three. Tt will therefore be seen that
four eggs constitute a full set under normal conditio. is.

On several occasions T have spent from seven to ten* days
at a time right among these Warblers on their breeding ground,
from early morning until dusk, and by not distrubing their
nests, they have become so accustomed to my presence as to
take little notice of me. I have moved along slowly and quiet-
ly in my boat, passing in and around the bushes and trees
containing their nests, often within three or four feet of the
sitting birds. The feeding birds were likewise just as un-
concerned as those which were incubating their eggs.

Xests can be found from the border to the middle of the
mill-ponds and open swamps, and may be looked for any-
where from under the tip of an outstretched or drooping
branch, to against the tree trunk, or in the smaller bushes ; and
from one foot above the water to twenty feet high. Gener-
ally, however, on account of the "Beard-Moss" growing more
abundantly on the lower branches of the trees and on the bush-
es, five feet may be considered the average height.

The females alone attended to the construction, of the nest.
while the males were leisurelv feeding: in and around the tan-

Wilde on Parula Warbler. ^

gled moss-covered branches, often clinging to them upside
down in Chickadee fashion, reaching here and there for lurk-
ing insects, and living- a short distance, they would pause for
a moment to emit their sweet song.

ddie nest is invariably placed in a hanging position. The
female usually selects a tree or hu>h in which the "Beard-
Moss" grows quite thickly, and here, within the tufts, she
loops and weaves together the inside particles of moss, form-
ing a beautiful nest, much resembling the style of the Balti-
more Orioles, onh of course on a very much smaller scale.
The bird is careful that the moss shall he left hanging- in its
natural way from the bottom and sides of tin- nest, and often
:onceals it that it can only he found by close and careful
searching. Into the structure the bird then carries thread-like
particles of the moss collected from some near-by tree. 1 have
never known them to use moss from the tree or hush in which
their nest is built for lining purposes.

"Beard-Moss" is used exclusively 1>\ some Parulas in lining
their nests, while others add a few horse-hairs and a yellow-
down which is taken from the stems of swamp ferns. The
nest is very compact and closely woven, occasionally having* a
few pine-needles stuck into it around the outside, probably to
help support and pin it to the hanging particles of moss.

Idle entrance, which is always on a level with the top of
the bowl, is made through the moss on the side, very often
directlv under the limb where the moss is parted. The walls
of the howl, being at least half an inch in thickness, form a plat-
form which is sometimes flattened out. resembling a small mat,
on which the bird rests when entering or leaving the nest.
Some nests have two or more entrances, either left as peep
windows for escape, or unintentionally caused by the thinness
of the moss above the howl. I have examined a few nests
where the entrance was made from the top, the nest having
been suspended either between two twigs, or between the trunk
of a tree and an adjoining tuft; hut such cases as these are
rare, and may be considered departures from their regular
style of building. From a very large number of nests of this
species examined during the past ten years, nearly all were
entirely or partly roofed over, with the entrances from the
sides, as previously described. One nest collected some years

8 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 50.

go, was suspended from a two-inch limb, containing little or
no muss outside of that of which the nest was constructed; 1>nt
this I do not consider a typical nest.

The inside measurements of the nests vary, ranging
about one and a half to two inches both in depth and diameter.

The eggs show a remarkable variation both in size and shape.
They have a white ground color, and are more heavily dotted
with reddish brown and lilac at the larger ends, often forming
a ring around them.

I lamden, X. T.

SUMMER BIRDS OF SI '.MM IT (UNION COUNTY),
NEW JERSEY, AND VICINITY.

Q\ l.A RUE K. HOLMES.

Summit is located on the crest of the Second Mountain, at an
elevation varying from 300 to 520 feet above sea level. The
surrounding hills were at one time well wooded, lint most of
the timber now standing is of recent growth, only a few small
tracts of virgin forest now remain and these are being rap-
idly cut. The cover is for the most part deciduous, there heing-
hnt few proves of coniferous trees in this neighborhood that I
know of. The ground is furrowed in every direction by
streams, mostly of a small size and a river (the Passaic), runs
through the center of the territory covered by this list. Several
fresh-water swamps of considerable area are within walking
distance of Summit and are frequently visited.

As will be seen from the list. Summit is located between the
Carolinian and Alleghanian zones; and such Carolinian birds
as Bseolophus bicolor, Thryothorus ludovicianus, [cteria vi-
rens ; and Alleghanian birds as Dendroica pensylvanica, Ha-
hia ludoviciana, etc.. are found breeding here.

1. Aix sponsa. Wood Duck. — A rare summer resident, formerly
more common. A pair succeeded in rearing a brood of 8, this last
summer (1904) within three miles of Summit. The parent birds
with the young were seen daily by many people and were appar-
ently devoid 'of fear.

2. Botaurus lentiginosis. American Bittern. — A rare summer
resident in the large fresh-water marshes. I only know of three
nests having been found.

Holmes on Summer Birds of Summit, X. J. 9

3. Ardetta exilis. Least Bittern. A summer resident, probably
rare. I have no nesting record.

4. Butorides virescens. Green Heron. A rather common summer
resident in all suitable localities. Never more than one pair breed-
ing in a woods (?).

5 Nycticorax n. naevius. Black-cruwned Night Heron. A large
colony of these birds was formerly located in this vicinity; but
after having been attacked many times by plume hunters and
eggers, was finally broken up. I have no recent record of its hav-
ing bred in this section.

6. Rallus elegans. King Rail. A nest containing nine eggs of
this species was found in the Great Swamp several years ago. It
may breed there regularly.

7. Philohela minor. Woodcock. A rather rare summer resident.
Breeds early in the spring. Nests have been found while snow was
yet on the ground.

8. Bartramia longicauda. Bartramian Sandpiper. A very rare
summer resident. I know of but one field inhabited by this bird
and as a rule two pairs of birds breed there each season.

9. Actitis macularia. Spotted Sandpiper. A rather rare summer
resident; breeding chiefly in low-lying corn fields; at least that is
where nests have most often been found.

10. Colinus virginianus. Bob-white. Formerly common. Now a
rare summer resident, but seems to be increasing in the last year
or two.

11. Bonasa umbellus. Ruffed Grouse. The same may be said of
this, as of the preceding species.

12. Zenaidura macroura. Mourning Dove. Rare. Some years
more common than others.

13. Circus hudsonius. Marsh Hawk. A few pairs breed in the
larger fresh-water marshes.

14. Accipiter velox. Sharp-shinned Hawk. A very rare summer
resident.

15. Accipiter cooperi. Cooper's Hawk. The nest of this species
is met with more often than that of A. velox, and judging from indi-
viduals seen I should say it was much more common.

16. Buteo borealis. Red-tailed Hawk. A very rare summer resi-
dent and becoming rarer with the cutting of the virgin forests on
the higher hills.

17. Buteo lineatus. Red-shouldered Hawk. Our commonest
breeding hawk.

18. Buteo latissimus. Broad-winged Hawk. A very rare sum-
mer resident.

19. Falco sparverius. Am. Sparrow Hawk. A not uncommon
summer resident; next to B. lineatus in point of numbers.

20. Strix pratincola. Am. Barn Owl. An extremely rare sum-
mer resident. I know of but one nest having been found and have

"Hi The Wilson Bulletin — No. 50.

a record of five young birds not fully feathered having been caught
in a trap set for hawks and owls in a pasture.

21. Asio wilsonianus. Am. Long-eared Owl. A rare summer res-
ident.

22. Syrnium varium. Barred Owl. Formerly a rather common
resident but now rapidly disappearing.

23. Megascops asio. Screech Owl. A not uncommon resident;
rapidly decreasing in numbers.

24. Bubo virginianus. Great Horned Owl. Never common, but
now almosl entirely exterminated locally. I doubt if a pair breeds
nearer than ten miles of Summit. It has, however, been captured,
during the early winter (December and January) in steel traps set
on posts in meadows near Summit within the last year or two, and
it may breed in the wilder portion of the county.

25. Coccyzus americanus. Yellow-billed Cuckoo. A rather com-
mon summer resident; more abundant some years than others.

26. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus. Black-billed Cuckoo. Not as
common as the preceeding, and equally erratic.

27. Ceryle alcyon. Belted Kingfisher. A rather common sum-
mer resident: nesting in all suitable localities.

28. Dryobates villosus. Hairy Woodpecker. A rather rare sum-
mer resident.

29. Dryobates pubescens medianus. Downy Woodpecker. A
common summer resident.

30. Melanerpes erythrocephalus. Red-headed Woodpecker. Lo-
cally common.

31. Colaptes auratus luteus. Northern Flicker. The commonest
breeding woodpecker.

32. Arnrotosmus vociferus. Whip-poor-will. Formerly a common
summer resident, but I have no record of any having been seen in
the summer for the past fifteen years.

33. Chactura pelagica. Chimney Swift. An abundant summer
resident.

34. Trochilus colubris. Ruby-thrcated Hummingbird. A com-
mon summer resident.

35. Tyrannus tyrannus. Kingbird. A common summer resident,

36. Myiarchus crinitus. Crested Flycatcher. Rather common
in woodland.

37. Sayornis phosbe. Phoebe. An abundant summer resident.

38. Ccntcpus virens. Wood Pewee. A common summer resi-
dent in woodland.

39. Empidonax minimus. Least Flycatcher. A rather rare sum-
mer resident.

40. Cyanocitta cristata. Blue Jay. Abundant.

41. Ccr\us brachyrhynchos. American Crow. Abundant.

42. Dolichonyx oryzivorus. Bobolink. Locally common. Ap-
parently decreasing in numbers.

Holmes on Summer Birds of Summit, N. 7. n

43. Molothrus ater. Cowbird. Common.

44. Agelaius phoeniceus.. Red-winged Blackbird. Abundant in
the fresh-water marshes.

45. Sturnella magna. Meadowlark. Common.

46. Icterius spurius. Orchard Oriole. Locally rare.

47. Icterus galbula. Baltimore Oriole. Common; breeding even
in the heart of the city.

48. Quiscalus quiscula. Purple Crackle. Common. Breeds in
colonies in conifers.

49. Passer domesticus. English Sparrow. Abundant everywhere.

50. Astragal inus tristis. American Goldfinch. Common.

51. Spizella social is. Chipping Sparrow. Abundant in the set-
tled portions; rare in rural districts.

52. Spizella pusilla. Field Sparrow. Abundant summer resident.

53. Melospiza cinerea melodia. Song Sparrow. Abundant sum-
mer resident.

54. Melospiza georgiana. Swamp Sparrow. Abundant summer
resident.

55. Pipilo erythrophthalmus. Towhee. Common summer res-
ident.

56. Cardinalis cardinalis. Cardinal. A rare summer resident;
only two or three records.

57. Zamelodia ludoviciana. Rose-breasted Grosbeak. A common
summer resident.

58. Fasserina cyanea. Indigo Bunting. A rather common sum-
mer resident.

59. Piranga erythromelas. Scarlet Tanager. A common summer
resident.

60. Petrochelidon lunifrons. Cliff Swallow. Formerly common;
has now entirely disappeared.

61. Chelidon erythrogaster. Barn Swallow An abundant sum-
mer resident.

62. Riparia ripara. Bank Swallow. Never very common, but
now entirely extirpated.

63. Stelgidopteryx serripennis. Rough-winged Swallow. A very
rare summer resident.

64. Ampelis cedrorum. Cedar Waxwing. A common summer
resident.

65. Vireo olivaceus. Red-eyed Vireo. Abundant summer res-
ident.

66. Vireo flavifrons. Yellow-throated Vireo. Rather rare.

67. Vireo noveboracensis. White-eyed Vireo. Common along
streams.

68. Mniotilta varia. Black-and-white Warbler. Rather rare.

69. Helmitherus vermivorus. Worm-eating Warbler. An ex-
tremely rare summer resident.

70. Helminthophila pinus. Blue-winged Warbler. A common
summer resident.

12 The Wilson Bulletin— No. 50.

71. Dendroica aestiva. Yellow Warbler. Common summer resi-
dent.

72. Dendroica pensylvanica. Chesttnut-sided Warbler. Rare
summer resident] bul apparently increasing as a summer resident.

73. Seiurus aurocapillus. Oven-bird. Commonest breeding war-
bier.

74. Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla. Northern Yellow-throat.
Common summer resident.

75. Icteria virens. Yellow-breasted Chat. Rather common sum-
mer resident.

76. Setophaga ruticilla. American Redstart. A very rare sum-
mer resident; but one record.

77. Galeoscoptes carol inersis. Catbird. Abundant summer res-
ident.

78. Toxostoma rufum. Brown Thrasher. Common summer
resident.

79. Thryothorus ludovicianus. Carolina Wren. A very rare
summer resident; but two records.

80. Troglodytes aedon. House Wren. Rather common.

81. Cistothorus stellaris. Short-billed Marsh Wren. Locally
common; breeds in a very restricted area.

82. Cistothorus palustris. Long-billed Marsh Wren. Locally
common in fresh-water marshes and along Passaic river.

83. Sitta carol inensis. White-breasted Nuthatch. Common.

84. Bseolophus bicolor. Tufted Titmouse. Rare; becoming more
common.

85. Parus atricapillus. Chickadee. Common.

S6. Turdus mustelinus. Wood Thrush. Abundant.

87. Turdus fuscescens. Wilson's Thrush. Rather common.

88. Merula migratoria. Robin. Abundant.

89. Sialia sialis. Bluebird. Abundant.

The foregoing list I believe to be fairly complete ; there are
however, several birds whose status, as far as this locality is
concerned, I am in doubt of, and have thought it best to elim-
inate them from the list.

It will of course be understood that the relative abundance
of birds mentioned in this list is applicable to the breeding sea-
son onlv.

Deane on Flight of Hawks in 1858. 13

AN UNUSUAL FLIGHT OF HAWKS IN 1858.

BY RUTHVEN DEANE.

The following letter is not only of interest in itself, but the
fact that it is addressed to Audubon's two sons, John Wood-
house and Victor Gifford, adds to its historical value. While
it is well known that there are conspicuously large migrations
of hawks every spring and fall, when birds are almost con-
tinually in sight and at times lasting several consecutive days,
vet such a one as here described quite reminds us of the enor-
mous flights of the Passenger Pigeon in the early days, as re-
lated by Audubon and Wilson.

As to the thirteen specimens shot being those of the Gos-
hawk, would seem most unlikely, as all authorities for the state
quote the species, not only as a winter visitor, but one of quite
rare occurrence.

I am much indebted to Miss M. R. Audubon, who has re-
cently presented me with this letter :

"Cincti, Sept. 27th, 1858.
"My Dear Sirs,

I wish to communicate an important fact in natural history,
never known to me before, and which I would hardly have
believed, had it not been witnessed by an old friend, who is a
good observed of nature- — Mr. G. C. Coney 1 — in whose ve-
racity I can place the most implicit confidence.

"On the 17th inst., at 8 o'clock A. M.. he went out with his
gun, when he happened to see, what he considered a rather
large flock of hawks, but upon casting his eyes around, he saw
as far as he could see a continuous stream of them coming.

"This flock was about 40 yards in width, and took by his
watch one and a half hours to pass.

"They came from N. N. E. and flew S. S. W. They sailed
in a direct line with extended wings, but at certain distances
some of them kept wheeling around and around in a circle, and
were joined by others, while some of them floated off again
with the main stream.

"He shot two of them which were a little lower than the rest.
As it was such an unusual sight, when he saw them he im-
mediately ran and shouted for some of the neighbors, who all
witnessed the facts.

1 George C. Coney, St. Marys, Ohio. An enthusiastic and well
known sportsman, as well as a keen observer of birds. Died sev-
eral years ago.

11 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 50.

"The place where this occurred was on a great reservoir in
Mercer Count)-, Ohio, midway between St. Mary's and Cclina.
This body of water feeds the Miami Canal, is ten miles long,
and from three to five miles in width. During the summer
season there arc always some of these hawks — a smaller spe-
cies— and also a few of a much larger kind — are always about
there. Owing to the facility of procuring their food, as there
are a great many young ducks, squirrels, etc., they also do
great damage to the farmers' chickens. One friend had up-
wards of one hundred young chickens and only fortv-five are
now remaining.

"lie shot thirteen of the species in controversy, which ac-
cording to his description must have been the Goshawk (As-
tur palumbarius) and also shot many of the other two kinds
during this summer, but never saw more than from two to ten
i the highest number) in one flock together before.

"Such migration of hawks I believe was never heard of be-
fore, and. the question is will they do so annually? and in day
or night time. If the first, I should think they would have
been seen before.

"I was on the prairies in August, grouse were scarce, owing
to the first brood being nearly all destroyed by the heavy rains
in May and June,, when these level prairies were all under
water. The young ducks, however, were very plenty. When
will Agassiz be out with his fish ?

Truly yours,

J. S. Unzicker.1
"Messrs. J. W. and V. G. Audubon. N. Y."

1 Dr. J. S. Unzicker, Cincinnati, Ohio. Born August 11, 1812,
died April 18. 1876. A prominent physician, an ardent sportsman,
and lover of birds, and had been personally acquainted with Au-
dubon and his sons.

A TRIP TO GARDINER'S ISLAND,
that my wish was realized.

BY FRANK BRUEN.

It would be presumptuous for me to try to write up the
birds of Gardiner's Island after the admirable article contrib-
uted by Mr. Frank M. Chapman to the Nov.-Dec. (190;})
number of Bird-Lore; but it would be nearly impossible to
visit Gardiner's Island and write nothing at all. Ever since
reading the above-mentioned article, I have had a consuming
desire to visit the island; but it was not until June 17, 1904,

Bruen (ix a Trip to Gardiner's Island 15

The approach, of Mr. Ford and myself, to the island was
not in the romantic fashion described by Air. Chapman, but
in an intermittent gasoline boat from Saybrook Point, Conn.

Beaching our boat we found what proved to be the best
camping spot on the island ; it was also richest in the number
of bird species. Although three o'clock in the afternoon when
we landed, nevertheless, thirty-four ( -'!4 ) species of birds were
noted in the immediate vicinity.

Our stay from June 17th to "?lst was all too short to proper-
ly cover the isjand in detail, but still we felt that we had seen
a great deal. Most of the birds mentioned by Mr. Chapman
were seen ; all, I believe, excepting the Wood Duck. AYoodcock,
and Indigo Bunting; and in addition to his list were the Great
Blue Heron and Red-tailed Hawk. The latter was seen three
different days — an Ishmaelite among birds, for every feathered
creature was against him. When first seen our attention was
attracted by his "exhaust steam" scream as he went off, chased
by Purple Crackles. The next day at another part of the
island some Crackles and Ospreys were after him. and the third
day some Crows were after him. He kept in the virgin forests
as much as possible. It was a question in our minds whether
he was trying to live there or wished to leave the island but
could not owing to the vigilance of the Ospreys.

The Osprey display was simply amazing to us who had never
seen them at such close quarters nor in such abundance. Most
of the nests examined had young birds from one to ten days
old as nearly as we could judge; a few had eggs only or
eggs and just hatched young. On the beach at one place were
four nests, placed on the ground, in a distance of 700 feet;
one nest had so little material in it that it compared closely,
except in size, with the most claboratc( ?) of the terns' nests.
"We noted 78 nests of the Osprey in use. but undoubtedly there
were as many more on the island. At one time 38 Ospreys
were in sight, counting those easily seen on their nests and
those in the air.

In the two tern colonies 35 nests containing 89 eggs were
found ; without making an exhaustive search. The south col-
ony is really two. being divided by an inlet in which the water
was too deep to wade at the time of our visit, or more nests
would have been recorded. One nest had four eggs, but most

16 The Wilson Bulletin — X<>. 50.

of them had three eggs; others of one or two eggs each were
probabh not yet complete.

We found the English Sparrows and Purple Grackles nest-
ing in the crannies of the ( )spreys' nests. The sight of the
Britishers in the depths of the virgin forests was a most un-
welcome one to us.

To us the ( irackles, which were abundant, formed the one bad
feature of the island bird life ; for they seemed to he continually
upon the watch to prey upon the young and eggs of the smaller
birds. Many times as we passed through the woodland paths
(one cannot go outside of them owing to the dense growth of
green or cat briers), Ovenbirds, Redstarts ,etc, would scold us
for coming near their nests or young; and almost immediately
the Grackles would be seen slipping up to see what they could
find.

A storm the last day of our stay on the island prevented our
looking for the Great Blue Herons' nests.

A novelty to us was the constant chatter of the Yellow-breast-
ed Chat at night. Almost the first bird to greet us after we land-
ed, he kept it up all night excepting an interval between 8 and
10 o'clock ; whenever Mr. Ford or I awoke during the night
he was going full blast.

We were disappointed in the length of our list for the
island, for we could have found a larger number of species with
the same effort, at home ; but the special features of the list
more than made up for its shortness. We missed our Yellow-
throated and Warbling Vireos, Purple Finches, Whip-poor-
wills, Blue Jays, Bobolinks, Phcebes, and House Wrens, and
some others, — to be sure some of them ma}- have been there
but missed by us. But one pair of Bluebirds was seen. No
Least Flycatcher was seen or heard, but he seems to vanish or
lose his voice at about this time even in Connecticut

We feel under many obligations to Mr. Gardiner, the owner
of the island, for his courtesy in allowing us to camp there.

Subjoined is a list of the birds noted : —

1. Downy Woodpecker, 4.

2. White-breasted Nuthatch; few seen.

3. Chickadee; few seen.

4. American Goldfinch; few seen.

5. American Crow; abundant.

Bruen on a Trip to Gardiner's Island. 17

6. Song Sparrow; common.

7. Red-tailed Hawk, 1.

8. Bobwhite; common.

9. Herring Gull; 12 or 13 seen.

10. Meadowlark; 6 seen.

11. Bluebird, 2.

12. Robin; common about the homestead only.

13. Red-winged Blackbird; common.

14. Purple Grackle; abundant.

15. Cedar Waxwing, 1.

16. Northern Flicker, 4.

17. Field Sparrow; few seen. Sheep graze too close for cover,

18. Belted Kingfisher, rather common.

19. Cowbird, 3.

20. Savanna Sparrow; 10 seen.

21. Chipping Sparrow; 2 seen.

22. Barn Swallow; few near barns.

23. Chimney Swift, 3.

24. Towhee; fairly common.

25. Black and White Warbler; 3 seen.

26. Brown Thrasher; several.

27. Spotted Sandpiper; fairly common. Saw crow carry off
young one.

28. Bank Swallow; several large colonies.

29. Catbird; fairly common.

30. Northern Yellow-throat; common.

31. Oven-bird; common.

32. Yellow Warbler; common.

33. Wood Thrush; fairly common.

34. Red-eyed Vireo; common.

35. Baltimore Oriole; 2 seen.

36. Kingbird; few seen.

37. American Redstart; fairly common.

38. Yellow-breasted Chat; 2 seen.

39. Black-billed Cuckoo; few seen.

40. Scarlet Tanager, 1.

41. Grasshopper Sparrow, 9.

42. Crested Flycatcher; fairly common.

43. Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 1.

44. White-eyed Vireo, 2.

45. Northern Parula Warbler; 7 noted where usnea moss grew.

46. Wood Pewee; common.

47. Nighthawk, 4.

48. Green Heron; fairly common.

49. Black-crowned Night Heron; common.

50. English Sparrow; common.

51. Osprey; abundant.

18 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 50.

52. Orchard Oriole. 1.

53. Common Torn. 200.

54. Black Duck, 2.

55. Carolina Wren, :',.

56. Great Blue Heron. 5.

57. Bald Eagle, 1.

58. English Pheasant, 20.

59. Piping Plover, 5.

NESTING OF THE GRASSHOPPER SPARROW IN
SOUTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA.

BY J. WARREN JACOBS.

The Yellow-winged Sparrow (Conturniculus savannarum
passerinus) is distributed in limited numbers, during the nest-
ing season, throughout Greene county, in the extreme south-
western corner of Pennsylvania. Their favorite resorts are in
the hillside fields and along the low ridges. In pasture fields,
not too cleanly kept, and where the wild "sink field" mats its
frail vines through the carpet of blue grass, the birds choose a
site for a nest. Xot every apparently good field has its pair of
birds, and indeed one may pass through several such fields with-
out hearing the song of this bird or flushing the female from her
nest. However, it must not be inferred from this that birds
have not escaped notice, or that a nest has not been passed
without the sitting bird taking flight.

The bird itself is very shy; its song pleasing, but not dis-
tinguishable a very great distance, being easily drowned by
the rattle of numerous ever-singing chats and the medley of
a dozen other species which haunt the neglected fields. The
female is a close sitter, not leaving her post until almost
trampled upon. This makes nest-seeking very tedious; and
the apparent scarcity of this species renders uncertain the re-
sult of a careful search.

( >ne of the very. first nests new to me was of this species,
and stumbled upon accidentally on top of the ridge overlook-
ing my home town, away back in the '80s, in about the second
year .if my bird studies. The old bird fluttered from under my
leet and darted down over the hill to a brier clump. It was a new
bird to me then, but I got a fairly good look at it; and a vear

Jacobs on Nesting of Grasshopper Sparrow. 19

or two later, when the little first Edition of "Davies' Nest and
Eggs" came out, I cleared up the identity, which, by the way,
was made easier by the fact that no other sparrow, having sim-
ilar nests and eggs, was likely to be found here. The eggs, I
discovered, after getting home, were badly incubated, and [
lost them at the end of the blow-pipe.

Several years went by without this bird or its nest coming
under my observation; and when, in 1893, I was preparing a
collection of Pennsylvania eggs for exhibition at the Chicago
World's Fair, I almost grieved over the loss of this set, but
the species was represented by a set of three eggs from Xcw
Jersev. A bird apparently so rare. I thought, could be found
nesting only by chance, and after several fruitless hunts, 1
gave up hope of ever replacing the lost set. Thus the matter
stood for some years, when a friend brought me a nest and
five eggs of a sparrow, unknown to him, which he had found
by accidentally stepping against a bunch of grass, flushing the
bird. These proved to be eggs of the Yellow-winged. The
eggs were fresh, and were found on July 8, L898, in a pasture
field about six miles west of Waynesburg. The composition
of the nest was of grass and grass-rootlets, lined with fine
grass. Measurements : Outside diameter, 4.5 in.; inside, 2.5
in. Outside depth, 2.0 in. : inside, 1.3 in. It was sunken in the
ground and well concealed by the tuft of grass.

Comparing these eggs with two sets taken lately by myself,
I find them to be much smaller, and exhibiting a less mottled
appearance where the markings are thickest, which is in the
form of a broken wreath around the larger end of each. The
ground color is pure white, which is the case with the other
two sets mentioned, and the predominating color of the mark-
ings is burnt sienna, intermixed with fewer blotches of laven-
der and heliotrope purple. In shape they are broad or rounded
ovate, and measure .T3x.5G, .72x.56, .71x.56, .67x.54, and .69x
.56 inch.

The finding of this set of Yellow-winged Sparrow revived
my old enthusiasm to find the bird nesting. Therefore, dur-
ing the next few years, I spent many hours in fruitless search,
until June 21, 1903, when, as on my first discovery, I acci-
dentally flushed a bird from her nest sunken in the ground
and well concealed bv "sink field" vines, in a neglected field

20 The Wilson Bulletin — Nb.50.

on the side of a hill. I was returning home in the evening-,
after a day spent in the woods, and in crossing this field I
stepped entirely over the nest before the old bird fluttered out
and took refuge in a brier clump. The eggs, four in number,
were fresh, and are rather heavily marked, the blotches form-
ing a solid wreath around the larger ends of three and a mot-
tled cap on the fourth ; the colors being vinaceous-cinnamon,
vinaceous, lavender, heliotrope purple, and burnt sienna — the
first predominating. Elliptical-ovate in shape, and measure
.TSx.r.s. .79x.58, .?!>x.r.O, and .78x.57 inch.

The last nest found by me was on July 21, 1903, and like
others, was stumbled upon quite accidentally. I was out ber-
ry-picking with my nephew and some of his young friends,
when one of the party called my attention to a bird he had
just flushed at his feet. Seeing it was a Yellow-winged Spar-
row, I began a search for its nest, and soon found it quite near
to where the boy was standing. It was composed wholly of
grass and was placed in a depression five inches deep. It con-
tained four eggs in which embryos were beginning to form.
The same description of coloring given for the last will an-
swer for this set, except that the mottled cap is lacking. They
are also slightly more pointed than the last. Size : .Six. 61,
.Slx.62, .80x.60, and .78x.61 inch.

Taking the dates into consideration, this bird probably raises
but one brood in this part of its range, and its nesting period
extends throughout June and July, with care of young some-
times reaching into August.

SOME NOTES ON MICHIGAN WARBLERS.

BY J. CLAIRE WOOD.

There is a certain piece of thick woods here covering about
twenty acres of ground. Its exact location is Private Claim
49, Ecore township, Wayne county. The more dense portions
are free of undergrowth, but in places the forest floor is con-
cealed by the thickest kind of brush tangle. Elm, red oak,
maple, beech, butternut, chestnut and sycamore abound in the
order named. A luxuriant growth of wild grape vines is a
characteristic feature of the butternut section and near the

'Wood on Notes on Michigan Warblers. 21

easterly end is a second growth of paw paw trees while be-
yond the easterly margin lie low swampy bush lands with open-
ings grown to marsh grass. The woods is long and narrow
and divided its entire length by a county drain six feet deep
and twenty broad at the top. As no other timber of a similar
nature exists in the neighborhood this is a favorite resting
place and resort for the woodland migrants.

For the purpose of ascertaining the approximate time of de-
parture and relative abundance of the late warblers I devoted
what days I could spare to this woods and worked it so thor-
oughly that it is doubtful if any species escaped notice. Octo-
ber 23 was the last day I searched this woods, but the warblers
were gone except the Myrtle and one Northern Yellow-throat.
As, in the question of identification, the greater importance is
attached to specimens secured a * indicates that one or more
were taken on the date to which it is prefixed. The numbers
exceeding 25 were estimated, but all less than that were

counted.

Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. Oct.

1904 25 28 2 6 16

Black and White Warbler *1 *1

Nashville Warbler *1

Western Parula Warbler *12

Black throated Blue Warbler *6 *15 *3

Myrtle Warbler *G *24 *6 *125

Bay-breasted Warbler *7 *6 *3 3

Black-poll Warbler *3 *125 *3 *3

Blackburnian Warbler *2

Black-throated Green Warbler *3 *1 *75

Connecticut Warbler *1

Mourning Warbler 1 1

Northern Yellow-throat *3

American Redstart *2 6 *2

Oven-bird 15 7

Water-Thrush 1

Two Rose-breasted Grosbeaks:;; were noted on the 25th. A
few Olive-backed and about 50 Grey-cheeked Thrushes were
observed on the 28th. Green-crested Flycatchers* were last
seen on the 2d ; also Catbirds, Red-eyed Yireos* and Scarlet
Tanagers.:;: The Blue-headed Yireos were common inclusive
of the 2d. but only one on the 6th. Last Yellow-billed Cuckoo
on latter date.

About three o'clock one foggy morning early in September,
1887, large numbers of the Myrtle Warblers were congregated
about the electric light tower at the corner of Woodward and

32 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 50.

Adams avenues of this city. There were also smaller numbers
at the next tower but, although they appeared to fly against
the glass, none were injured. At the other tower, however,
the birds kept falling at the rate of about one per minute. I
returned at eight o'clock and started to count the dead but soon
give it up. It is sufficient to say that there were five or six
bushels of them. They were all Myrtles with the exception
ol one Field Sparrow.

SOME APRIL AND MAY WORK SUGGESTED.

During the season of migration we are so occupied with
the movements of the birds northward that we generally for-
get that there are other sides to bird stud)-. When do the
different species of birds begin to build their nests? How
Ion-- does it take a pair to complete a nest? Are the eggs de-
posited on successive days? How- long is the period of incu-
bation? Do both birds take part in the incubation, or does
one sit continuously while the other feeds her, or how is it?
How rapidly do the young grow, and when do they leave the
nest ? When do the feathers first appear, and how are the
downs attached to them? Do the birds use the old nest a sec-
ond time, and if so do they remodel it, clean it, or use it as
the young left it? How do the old birds feed the young dur-
ing the first few days after hatching? These, and a host of
other questions can be answered by anybody who can and is
willing to give some time to' watching nests that may be so
placed that they can lie seen at close range. Have an eye to
your immediate surroundings in addition to specially favored
places where you love to go. Prove that the slur often aimed
at amateur field work is not applicable in your case at least.
Such work needs to be done.

THE WILSON BULLETIN.

A Quarterly Magazine Devoted to the Study of Living Birds.
Official Organ of the Wilson Ornithoiogica! Club.

Edited by LYNDS JONES.

PUBLISHED BY THE CLUB, AT OBERLIN, OHIO.

Price in the United States, Canada and Mexico, 50 cents a year, 15 cents a number, postpaid.
Price in all countriss in the International Postal Union, 65 cents a year, 20 cents a number.
Subscriptions may be sent to Lyn^ls Jones, Oberlin, Ohio, or to Mr, Frank L. Burns, Ber-
wyn, Penn., or to Mr. John W. Daniel, Jr., Washington, D. C.

EDITORIAL.
The editor has Mr. Frank L. Burns to thank for collecting a con-
siderable part of the copy for this issue.

The next number will contain two local lists of more than usual
interest to readers in general. Carefully prepared local lists are
always in demand.

The editor's headquarters will remain at 5623 Drexel avenue, Chi-
cago, 111., until further notice in the June number. Correspondence
relating to advertising, subscriptions, and articles intended for
print should be addressed to him there, but letters of request for
sample copies or back numbers will receive prompt attention if
addressed to Oberlin, Ohio.

It is not too early to be thinking about the May migration work.
In spite of the splendid record made last year there is plenty of
room for a better record yet. Study the weather map, if you have
opportunity, and with its help select the best clay and then work
your field to your fullest capacity. Put your locality and your work
in the first rank for wealth of bird life during the migrations. The
editor cannot promise to print all "All Day" lists, but he will gladly
print a list of those who make such lists with the number of species
recorded if each person will send his list for inspection and possible
tabulation.

In Bird Lore for November-December, Mr. Ernest Tompson Seton
in introducing an excellent outline for the study of birds, writes in
substance that the time has gone by when adequate good can re
suit from ordinary collecting in well-known regions and that the
experts of our museums, knowing the value of birds as they do,
better than any other class of men, are the only ones who should
be allowed to collect bird skins to-day. Jmst what is meant In-
ordinary collecting is net apparent, yet the student seeking to faith-
fully carry cut his suggestions will find it expedient if not absolute-
ly necessary to good wcrk in fully one-quarter of the thirty-one sub-

34 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 50

heads offered, to take life occasionally. Were the museums many
times as numerous as they are at present, there would still be
many individuals unable to reach them through lack of time, dis-
tance or other causes. Would it be right to exclude such persons
from collecting? In what manner have a certain coterie attained
superior knowledge of the value of kinds over that of another class
also studying at first hand? All honor to the museum expert! He
is usually a hard and conscientious worker, who, not for value re-
ceived, but perhaps for a consideration, collects, preserves and
studies birds for the benefit of the public. Likewise the humble
amateur — without the consideration. No. one has, or should have,
a monopoly of the knowledge of the valiue of a single species. With
all respect for the writer, such sentiments are pure rot, unworthy
Of him and unjust to those at which they are aimed. F. L. B.

In American Ornithology for January, Mr. Reed has given us
much excellent matter relating to the Warblers of the genus
Geothlypis together with a plate showing the members in color, one-
halt' natural size. F. L. B.

Prof. H. A. Surface, Economic Zoologist of Pennsylvania, has
made a strong point of bird protection since he entered the of-
fice, in order that the people could understand why the birds should
be preserved from an economic standpoint. The result has been
most gratifying. Never before has there been such a strong senti-
ment for the protection of birds in the State. F. L. B.

Mr. Frank Bruen has an interesting article on the winter birds
of Bristol, Conn., in a recent issue of a local paper. F. L. B.

Mr. W. H. Brownson. of the Portland Adveriser, is now the editor
of the Journal of the Maine Ornithological Society, and publishes
in the former for January 14, "A List of the Birds Observed in
Cumberland County (Maine) in 1904," including 146 species; also
on January 21, "A visitor from the North Pole," an account of the
capture of a Dovekie, blown in by a storm. F. L. B.

The editor is sorry that space did not permit the printing of the
New Year Censo-Horizons this time, because other matter of more
importance was received. He is glad to be able to report, how-
ever, that there was more material sent in than could be
printed in this number. If this were always true the editor would
not only be saved a considerable amount of worry, but a better
Bulletin would always be insured. Original field work which has
for its object the increase of our knowledge of the birds is al-
ways in great demand, and earnestly solicited. We have scarcely
more than made a beginning in the study of bird habits.

Notes. 25

NOTES.

The Robin's Return — Much has been said of late concerning the
intelligence of birds. It is evident that birds are more or less in-
telligent. Whether they act entirely by instinct or whether they
have some mental faculties developed to a more or less degree we
cannot say with certainty, but some of their actions show an
amount of intelligence.

In the spring of 1903 a young lady, living in a suburb of Philadel-
phia, Pa., found a young Robin which had evidently fallen from
a nest and was starving to death. She took it into the house and
fed it and as it grew she became very much attached to it and it
became very tame. After it was full grown it was allowed entire
freedom. Every day it would go out and forage for itself but would
always return at night to the house. A window was left, open a
few inches for it and every evening it would come into the house
to roost, leaving again early in the morning.

In the late fall when the Robins were migrating it too disappeared,
presumably following its kin to their winter residence.

This spring (1904) the lady was attracted by a Robin chirping
noisily in a tree near the house. She hardly thought it possible
that her Robin had returned but she went into the yard and spoke
to the bird in the tree. The bird at first seemed a little shy but
would let her approach quite close to it. At last it seemed to gee
more confidence and finally flew to her outstretched hand and
alighted upon it.

This summer it has again been roosting within the house every
night and spending the day abroad.

This not only proves that the bird returned to its haunts of the
preceding summer but it proves also that it was able to recognize
a human facp. It apparently knew its friend when it saw her after
an absence of several months. — Chreswell J. Hunt.

Transilaxttm; a Robin. — Happening to be in the foundry flask
yard July 4, 1904, I noticed a large cope leaning against a pile of
flasks, the baffle boards of which made a series of shelves upon
which were several robin's nests; the arrangement being as in
the subjoined sketch. Nests Nos. 1, 2 and 3 were complete; Nos.

4 and 5 being merely foundations.
Nos. 1 and 2 contained one egg each
partly incubated I supposed. Visit-
ing the nests July t>, two eggs were
found in nest No. 1. I called the
attention of the yard foreman to the
nests and asked him if he would try
to protect them from harm. He ex-
claimed, "Well, that is hard luck,
for we need that cope today." After talking it over a little, we

26 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 50.

concluded to take another cope as nearly like the first as could be
had, putting it in the same position as the first and moving the
nests to the same relative positions and await results.

This plan was carried out excepting the arangement of the nests;
for on July 7, when I again visited the nests, they were placed as
shown below — the foundations Nos. 4 and 5 not having been moved.
However, when I approached, Mrs. Robin was
seen sitting on nest No. 1. On July 8, she
was on nest No. 2, but on the 9th, 11th, 12th,
13th and 16th she was on No. 1. On July 20
two young birds were found and the nest was
deserted on the 29th. Nest No. 3 was com-
pleted but did not seem to have been used.

*l W

Mrs. Robin will no doubt remember her hard trials but eventual
triumph over difficulties, a long time and steer clear of the flask
yard: but I felt abundantly repaid for the experiment. Another
time I should put all the eggs in one nest. — Fraxk Bbuen, Bristol,
Conn., December. 1904.

Moving a Wren's Home. — For the past two seasons a pair of
House Wrens have built their nest in a crevice formed at the joint
where brace and post meet on the veranda of the Bristol Golf Club
Tea House. From May 11 to 27, this year (1904) the building was
dismantled and moved to a new site about three-fourths of a mile
distant. When the veranda was taken down the wren's nest came
out and fell to the ground. The men employed noticed the birds
at that time but do not remember whether they were about after-
wards or not.

July IS, a pair of Wrens, presumably the same, were still using
the crevice at the new location.

My chain of evidence I know is weak in the above, and I write
this more to draw out the experience of other members of the
club than for its scientific value. — Frank Bruen, Bristol, Conn.,
December, 1904.

Bird Btjixdeks at Fault. — Apropos to Mr. Bruen's "Transplant-
ing a Robin." John Burroughs in Bird Lore, page 85, 1901, under
the title of "A Bewildered Phcebe," gives an instance of a builder
at fault. The bird confronted by new conditions, blunders, but
through its great industry is not altogether baffled by the multiplic-
ity of building sites. I have frequently observed the same trouble
when the Robin or Pewee selected a place midway on a beam or
plate partitioned by rafters into short stretches exactly alike, par-
ticularly where there was no resting perch in full view of the nest-
ing site. Naturally, when a corner of the building is chosen in
the beginning, there is no difficulty, for it may be easily distin-
guished. Less commonly the Bluebird, House Wren and Purple
Martin err when building in a many-roomed box, also doubtless

Notes. 27

the smaller Woodpeckers are sometimes bewildered when found
digging indifferently in one of two or more cavities in the same
stub. In fact the antiquated notion that a bird knows exactly what
it is about at all times and places is no longer tenable. — Frank L.
Burns, Berwyn, Penna.

Some New Jersey Records. — I am indebted to Dr. W. R. Wharton
the past season for some substantial additions to my collection.
The folowing kinds, taken in Salem county, New Jersey, near the
Delaware river, on the dates given, and handled in the flesh by the
writer, seem worthy of special mention.

Shoveler or Spoon-billed Duck (Kpatula elypeata). A female,
September 23. One or two are said to have been met with every
fall. Considered qmdte rare along the coast.

Florida Gallinule (Gallinula galeata). Two immature males, Sep-
tember 2. Local sportsmen shoot an occasional specimen in mis-
take for one of the larger Rails.

Willet (Symphemia semipalmata) . A single male, October 8.
This was in all probability a transient; although the species was at
one time a summer resident.

Duck Hawk (Falco peregrinus anatvm). An immature female,
October 21. Another specimen was secured at the same place some
time ago. — Frank L. Burns, Berwyn, Penna.

BOOK REVIEWS.

Taylor's Standard American Egg Catalogue, second edition, An
Exchanger's Guide and Collector's Handbook. By Henry Reed Tay-
lor. Price 25 cents. Alameda, California.

In eleven pages of preliminaries, some racy, some serious, the
author and F. M. Dille discuss several matters of interest, among
which the one on "Egg Valuations" will prove of general interest
because of the previous varying values, the determining factor
seeming to be the abundance of the species in the market, and
the possessor's ability to secure prices in exchange. Purchase
prices have always been far below exchange prices. It appears from
this article that the prices herein quoted are the result of a sort
of general agreement among those especially interested. The list
proper is, of course, merely a check-list with prices attached where
any can be determined. Thus something over 250 of the species
and sub-species listed are not accompanied by prices. A careful
perusal of the list sets one wondering if .100 for Black Tern and 5.00
for American Woodcock may not really stand for .10 and .50. Other
evidences of rather careless work on the part of the printers leaves
a degree of disappointment. But one cannot expect a list of this
sort, especially at the price quoted, to be perfect. It is beyond
question of great value to those who deal in eggs in any way. It
suggests the possibility of a revival of the days now two decades

28 The Wilson Bulletin— No. 50.

past when Oology was in the forefront. In our opinion Oology
as such and such alone will never be able to stagger to its feet
again. As a part of Ornithology in the broad sense it has its legiti-
mate and necessary place, but as a distinct science it has and ever
will prove a failure, for the very simple reason that it does not
possess within itself the elements of a separate science. L. J.

The Birds of the Rockies. By Leander S. Keyser.

In this large octavo there is a sympathy of the author with his
mountain surroundings and of the artist, Louis Agassiz Fuertes,
with the conception of the book, that one rarely finds. No three-color-
process colored pictures here, but finely executed colored engravings,
full-page half-tone and sketchy marginal engravings. A good, clear
and clean type makes easy reading of an entertainingly written ac-
count of a bird-lover's experiences in the Colorado mountains. If
the author possesses any fault of execution it lies in giving himself

too fully to the enamoring influences of the mountain environment.
The price of the book, reduced to $1.50, will make it appeal to
every lover of outdoors. L. J.

Annual Report of the Division of Zoology, p. 159-180, also Reports
of the Ornithologist for 1902 and 1903, p. 227-232, and 611-616, by
Prof. H. A. Surface, in the Pennsylvania Report of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture, 1903.

I will quote the following as worthy of special mention: "During
the summer the Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura) were unusual in
their northern flight. They have been seen as far north as Wil-
liamsport, and a few at State College, Center county. * * * During
the fall a Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) was seen by us in Center
county. * * * I have evidence that the American Crossbill (Loxia
curvirostra minor) nests in the central part of Pennsylvania, in the
fact that during the middle of the summer of 1902 a pair of old
birds accompanied by four of their young were seen for two days
upon the State College campus, in Center county, feeding upon the
mites of the cockscomb elm gall. During the winter, which was
unusually long and severe, there was a decided immigration of
northern birds into our State. Especially remarkable among these
were the Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola leucura), the Crossbills (both
specius of the genus Loxia), the Snowflake (Passerina nivalis),
and the Pine Siskin (Spinus pinus). The severity of the winter
resulted in killing most of the Quail (Colinus virginianus) of our
State, many of the Wild Turkeys and some of the Ruffed Grouse. *
* * * During the early portion of this spring (1904) there has been
an unusual flight of the aquatic birds. In the vicinity of Harris-
burg, gunners have shot several species of Wild Ducks, the Hol-
bcell's Grebe, several specimens of the Whistling Swan (Olor co-
lumbianus), and one specimen of the Trumpeter Swan (Olor
buct inator). We have been fortunate in securing speciments of these

Publications Received. 29

very rare birds in this State, and hope to receive funds for having
them permanently preserved in a State museum. There was also
an unsusal flight of Gulls along the Susquehanna river after the
breaking up of the ice, and this was doubtless due to the masses of
ice filling the bays and covering their feeding grounds near the
mouth of the river." Modest quarterly and monthly bulletins with
a mailing list of upward of twenty-four thousand names, have taken
the place of the costly and highly colored picture books of a few
years ago, and earnest efforts are being made to advance the knowl-
edge of economic ornithology. For the first time in a number of
years, continuous work is being done in the central part of the
State, and while it might be said in criticism that more specific in-
formation would in no wise detract from the popular nature of the
records of the occurrence of certain of the rarer species secured,
an immense amount of work is being done. F. L. B.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

Amateur Sportsman, Vol. XXXII, No. 3.

American Ornithology, Vol. V, Nos. 1, 2.

Bird Lore, Vol. VII, No. 1.

Boys and Girls, Vol. Ill, No. 4; Vol. IV. Nos. 1, 2.

Bulletin of the Michigan Ornithological Club, Vol. V. No. 4.

Bulletin No. IS, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Biological Sur-
vey. Distribution and Migration of North American Warblers. By
Wells W. Cooke.

Bulletin No. 19, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Biological sur-
vey. Hunting Licenses, Their History. Objects and Limitations.
By T. S. Palmer.

Bulletin 222, Michigan State Agricultural College Experiment
Station.

Bulletin 150. 156. Ohio Agriculture Experiment Station.

Bulletin No. 69. Pennsylvania State College Agriculture Experi-
ment Station.

Bulletins of Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Vol. II, Nos.
2. 8, 9.

Cassinia, Vol. III.

Colorado College Studies. Science Series. Vol. XI, Nos. 30. 31,
32. 36, 37, 38.

Condor, The, Vol. VII., No. 1.

Journal of the Maine Ornithological Society, The, Vol. VI. No. 4.

Maine Sportman, Vol. XII. Nos. 136, 137.

Naturalistic Canadien. Le, Vol. XXXI, No. 12; Vol. XXXII. No. 1.

Ohio Naturalist, The, Vol. V, Nos. 2, 3.

Ornithologische Monatschrift, Vol. XXIX, Nos. 11, 12; Vol. XXX.
No. 1.

Report of the Michigan State Board of Agriculture. 1904.

Summer Resident Birds of Brewster County. Texas. By Thos.
H. Montgomery. Jr. From The Auk, Vol. XXII. No. 1.

30 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 50.

ROLL OF MEMBERS.

Officers for 1905.
President — Lynds Jones, Oberlin, Ohio.
Vice-President — W. Leon Dawson, Seattle, Wash.
Secretary — John W. Daniel, Jr., Washington, D. C.
Treasurer — Frank L. Burns, Berwyn, Penn.

Executive Council— Harry C. Oberhalser, Washington, D. C;
John H. Sage, Portland, Conn.; Alexander W. Plain, Detroit, Mich.

Active Members.

Clinton G. Abbott, 153 West 73rd St., New York City.

Robert L. Baird, 148 Woodland Ave., Oberlin, Ohio.

Paul Bartsch, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.

A. C. Bent, Taunton, Mass.

Homer L. Bigelow, 511 Washington St., Boston, Mass.

Dr. Louis B. Bishop, 356 Orange St., New Haven, Conn.

Alexander W. Blain, Jr., 131 Elmwood Ave., Detroit, Mich.

Charles F. Brennan, Mt. Carmel. 111.

William Brewster, 145 Brattle St., Cambridge, Mass.

Clarence Morrison Brooks, 105 West St., Keene, N. H.

W. H. Brownson, Advertiser office, Portland, Maine.

Frank Bruen, 34 Spring St., Bristol, Conn.

Henry R. Buck, City Hall, Hartford. Conn.

G. M. B-urdick, Milton Junction, Wis.

Frank L. Burns, Berwyn, Penn.

Mrs. Agnes Chase, 59 Florida Ave., N. W., Washington, D. C.

Miss Esther Craigmile, Box 179, Hinsdale, 111.

Maunsell S. Crosby, Rhinebeck, N. Y.

Frank S. Daggett, 341 Rialto Building, Chicago, 111.

Edward M. Daniel, Lynchburg, Ya.

John W. Daniel, Jr., 1340 Columbia Road, Washington, D. C.

Mrs. Elizabeth B. Davenport, 45 Green St., Brattleboro, Vt.

Rev. W. Lecn Dawson, University Station, Seattle, Wash.

Walter Deane, 29 Brewster St., Cambridge, Mass.

Owen Durfee, Box 125, Fall River, Mass.

William Dutcher, 525 Manhattan Ave., New York City.

Dr. J. Dwight, Jr., 2 East 34th St., New York City.

George C. Embody, Bethel College, Russellville, Ky.

Louis J. Eppinger, 299 Gratiot Ave., Detroit, Mich.

Miss E. W. Fisher, 1502 Pine St., Philadelphia, Penn.

George L. Fordyce, 40 Lincoln Ave., Youngstown, Ohio.

Louis Agassiz Fuertes, 13 East Ave., Ithaca, N. Y.

Benj. T. Gault, Glen Ellyn, 111.

N. C. Gilbert, Bethel College, Russellville, Ky.

Mrs. Stephen Cobb Goss, 5475 Ridgewood Court, Hyde Park, 111.

Hon. Junius Henderson, Boulder, Boulder Co., Colo.

Carl Fitz Henning, Boone, Iowa.

Roll of Members. 31

Rev. W. F. Henninger, 206 Jefferson St., Tiffin, Ohio.
George E. Hix, 114 W. 90th St., New York City.
Ned Hollister, Delavan, Wis.

La Rue K. Holmes, Pine Grove Ave., Summit, N. J.
Frederick C. Hubel, 112 Alexandrine Ave., Detroit, Mich.
Chreswell J. Hunt. 1306 N. 53rd St., Philadelphia, Penn.
J. Warren Jacobs, Waynesburg, Penn.
Lynds Jones, 160 North Professor St., Oberlin, Ohio.
J. W. Kay, 62 Sheldon Ave., Detroit, Mich.
W. G. Kay, 62 Sheldon Ave., Detroit, Mich.
J. Eugene Law. Hollywood, Calif.
W. P. Lyons, 41 East Fourth St., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Miss Rebecca Moorhead Leete, North East, Penn.
Herbert H. Marble. Box 71, Fall River. Mass.
Harry B. McConnell. Cadiz, Ohio.
Frederick B. McKechnie. Ponkapog, Mass.
Mrs. Lida B. McMurry, Garden City, Kas.

Mrs. Olive Thome Miller, 827 De Kalb Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Dr. Walter I. Mitchell. Metropolitan Hospital, Blackwell's Island,
New York City.

C. H. Morris, McConnelsville, Ohio.

Harry C. Oberholser, 145t Sheridan Ave., Washington, D. C

O. H. Pease, Hope, Kansas.

Clark J. Peck, 6728 Leeds St., Philadelphia, Penn.

Harold E. Porter. 101 West 85th St., New York City.

Charles H. Rogers, 211 South Aberdeen Ave., Wayne, Penn.

Dr. Willet E. Rotzell, Narberth, Penn.

John H. Sage, Portland, Conn.

William E. Saunders, 352 Clarence St., London, Ont.

Orpheus M. Schantz, Morton Park, 111.

George H. Selleck, 110 High St., Exeter, N. H.

Dr. A. R. Shearer, Mont Belvieu, Texas.

Prof. P. M. Sillcway, Lewiston, Mont.

H. H. Skinner, 286 Commonwealth Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.

Clarence J. Stone, Branchpoint, X. Y.

Prof. H. A. Surface, Economic Zoologist, Harrisburg, Penn.

Bradshaw H. Swales, 46 Moffat Building, Detroit, Mich.

P. A. Taverner, 577 Warren Ave., Detroit, Mich.

John E. Thayer, Box 98, Lancaster, Mass.

Miss Adelaide Utter, Clerk U. S. Circv.it Court, Kansas City, Mo.

Warner M. VanNorden, 751 Fifth Ave., New York City.

Walter F. Webb, First National Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y.

Mark L. C. Wilde, 35 N. 5th St., Camden, N. J.

Burtis H. Wilson, 1102 Seventeenth St., Rock Island, 111.

Sidney S. Wilson, Attorney-at-Law, St. Joseph, Mo.

Honorary Members.
Prof. H. H. Ballard, Pittsfield, Mass.
Rev. J. H. Langille, Kensington, Md.

32 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 50.

Prof. H. Nehrling, Palm Cottage, Gotha. Fla.
Mr. Otto Widmann, St. Louis. Mo.

Associate Members.
Harold Bowditch, "Sunnyside," Jamaica Plain. .Mass
H. W. Carriger, 486 Eddy St., San Francisco, Calif.
Mrs. T. D. Dershimer, Square Top, Wyoming Co., Penn.
Irving A. Field. 61 Oxford St.. Cambridge, Mass.
.1. L. Floyd, Ervine Block, Canton, Ohio.
Harry S. Hathaway. Box 498, Providence, R. I.
Clarence E. Hefflefinger, R. F. D. No. 2, Plimpton, Ohio.
Karl J. Heilmann, 401 East Market St., Tiffin, Ohio.
Thomas U. Keim, 405 Redcliffe St., Bristol, Penn.
Miss Caroline Matthews, 90 Main SI., Waterville, Mo.
C. L. Metcalf, Plimpton. Ohio.
William J. Mills, Box 16, East Point, Ga.
G. F. Richardson, 116 South Main St., Mt. Pleasant, Mich.
Miss Isabella Sand, Ardsley-on-Hudson, N. Y.
Dr. Charles E. Slocum, Defiance, Ohio.
.Miss .Marion E. Sparks, Urbana, 111.

Miss Jane L. Spencer. 239 East First St., Orange, N. Y.
Millard Van Wagner. 47 Leonard St., New York City.
Dr. Charles Vetter, 152 Second St., New York City.
Edward R. W^arren, 20 West Caramillo St., Colorado Springs,
Colo.

Rev. George F. Weld, Lincoln St., Hingham, Mass.

Miss Clara S. Wheatley, Medina, Ohio.

Norman A. Wood, 1216 S. University Ave., Ann Arbor, Mich.

ELECTION OF MEMBERS.
The following are proposed for Active Membership- —
Clinton G. Abbott, New York City.
William Brewster, Cambridge, Mass.
Paui Bartsch. Washington, D. C.
William Dutcher, New York City.
Dr. J. Dwight, Jr., New York City.
George P. Ells, Norwalk. Conn.
Louis Agassiz Fuertes, Ithaca, N. Y.
George E. Hix. New York City.
J. W. Kay, 62 Sheldon avenue, Detroit, Mich.
W. G. Kay, 62 Sheldon avenue, Detroit Mich.
Clark J. Peck, Philadelphia, Pa.
Prof. H. A. Surface, Harrisburg, Pa.
Mark L. C. Wilde. Camden, N. J.

Mr. Karl J. Heilmann. Tiffin, O., and Miss Marion E. Sparks,
LTrbana, 111., are proposed for Associate Membership.

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THE

WILSON BULLETIN

NO. 51.

A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY

VOL. XVII. JUNE, 1905. No. 2

A YEAR WITH THE BIRDS IN NEW YORK CITY.

BY GEORGE E. HIX.

The year 1904 was a very good one for birds in New York
City, not only the common species being abundant, but the
number of rare species observed being quite large also. The
localities worked were Central, Bronx, and Van Cortlandt
Parks, and St. Paul's church-yard in the old city, and Coney
Island, Rugby, and Rockaway Beach in that portion of Long
Island which is now part of the greater city.

Central Park, in the heart of Manhattan Island, is a good
place in migrations, especially for Warblers. At the height
of the migrations more than half the birds seen are Warblers.
Excepting Robins comparatively few birds breed there, sev-
enteen being the average number of species.

Bronx Park in the northern part of the city has been left
mostly in the natural condition, and is the home of about sixty
species. The Lawrence Warbler, which nested there the past
year, drew more attention to that locality than had been given
before. This is a good place in which to study Hawks, as
they are not molested. As the larger part of the park is in
charge of the New York Zoological Society, every protection
and encouragement is given to the birds.

Although Coney Island is mostly taken as a pleasure re-
sort, the extensive marshes back of the beaches are the
homes of a number of marsh birds. Seaside and Sharp-tailed
Sparrows are abundant summer residents there. During mi-
grations shore and sea birds frequently are seen.

36 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 51.

Rockaway Beach is a narrow strip of land separating Ja-
maica Bay from the ocean. On the " bay " side there are ex-
tensive marshes and mud flats. Myrtle bushes are plentiful
and there is a small cedar-forest.

Rugby is open country, mostly stubble fields, and very few
trees. Adjoining Rugby are the New Utrecht meadows,
which are very extensive, and through which several creeks
flow. This is an admirable locality for Snipe, Herons, and
Rails. There is no protection given to birds there, and every-
thing is shot at, especially by boys with " bean-shooters."

During migration I was in Central Park practically every
morning and afternoon for at least half an hour. On the
Saturday afternoons the other places were visited. Rocka-
way Beach excepted. The entire day is needed for that trip,
and I was able to get there only twice, onMay 22 and Novem-
ber 20. More trips there would have greatly increased the
number of species seen. The first trip to Rugby was on July
22. In September and October several trips were made there.
On these trips I was accompanied by one or two friends.

The localities being briefly described, notes on the birds
are given in the following list. All of the 160 species were
seen in the limits mentioned above and during the past year.
Where no localities are mentioned, it is understood the birds
were generally distributed. In migrations they were often
seen in trees in the city streets.

1. Colymbus holboelli. — Holbcell Grebe. One seen at Coney
Island on October 23.

2. Colymbus auritus. — Horned Grebe. Two seen at Rockaway
Beach on November 20.

3. Podilymbus podiceps. — Pied-billed Grebe. Several seen in
Central Park in the fall.

4. Gavia imber. — Loon. One seen at Coney Island on Novem-
ber 26.

5. Stercorarius pomarinus. — Pomarine Jaeger. Several Jaegers
seen at both Rockaway Beach and Coney Island, and while most of
them were undoubtedly Pomrine, there may have been some Para-
sitics also.

6. Rissa tridactyla. — Kittiwake Gull. A young bird came to
within thirty feet of the board-walk at Manhattan (Coney Island)
after a storm, November 26.

7. Lams marinus. — Great Black-backed Gull. Two adults were
seen the same time as the above.

Hix on New York City Birds. 37

8. Larus argentatus. — Herring Gull. A very abundant winter
resident everywhere.

9. Larus delawarensis. — Ring-billed Gull. Very common along
the coast in October and November.

10. Sterna hirundo. — Common Tern. A flock of nine at Rocka-
way on May 22.

11. Sula bassana. — Gannet. An adult at Rockaway on Novem-
ber 20.

12. Phalacrocorax diplophus. — Double-crested Cormorant. One
at Rockaway on November 20.

13. Anas obscura. — Black Duck. A flock of twenty-seven seen
in the Hudson River on March 12. Common in Central Park in
September.

14. Clangula clangula americana. — American Golden-eye. Four
males flew over Bronx Park on October 16.

15. Oidemia americana. — American Scoter. One at Coney Isl-
and on March 5.

16. Oidemia deglandi. — White-winged Scoter. Common at Rock-
away and Coney Island in November.

17. Branta canadensis. — Canada Goose. Several flocks were
seen in the fall.

18. Ardetta exilis. — Least Bittern. A pair bred on Coney Island.

19. Ardea herodias. — Great Blue Heron. Two seen at Rugby on
July 22.

20. Butorides virescens. — Green Heron. Common at Rugby in
the fall and may breed.

21. Nycticorax nycticorax naevius. — Black-crowned Night Her-
on. Very common summer resident at most bodies of water.

22. Rallus crepitans. — Clapper Rail. One seen at Rugby on Sep-
tember 17.

23. Porzana Carolina. — Sora. Several seen at Rugby in Sep-
tember.

24. Actodromas maculata. — Pectoral Sandpiper. A flock of seven
at Rockaway on May 22, and a flock of six at Rugby on October 8.

25. Actodromas minutilla. — Least Sandpiper. Three at Rocka-
way, May 22.

26. Totanus melanoleucus. — Greater Yellow-legs. Two at Rug-
by, September 17.

27. Helodromas solitarius. — Solitary Sandpiper. A common mi-
grant both on the coast and fresh water streams.

28. Bartramia longicauda. — Bartramian Sandpiper. Two at Rug-
by, September 17.

29. Actitis macularia. — Spotted Sandpiper. A common migrant
wherever there is water.

30. /Egialitis s-mipalmata. — Semipalmated Plover. Very com-
mon at Rockaway on May 22. Several flocks were seen, which at
one time united, forming one flock of at least 2000 birds.

38 The Wilson Bulletin— No.51.

31. /Egialitis meloda. — Piping Plover. One at Rockaway, May 22.

32. Circus hudsonius. — Marsh Hawk. Common at Rugby in the
late summer and fall.

33. Accipiter velox. — Sharp-shinned Hawk. Common migrant in
Central Park.

34. Accipiter cooperii. — Cooper Hawk. Central Park, one on
October 3 and one on November 7.

35. Buteo boreal is. — Red-tailed Hawk. A few were seen at Co-
ney Island in November.

36. Buteo lineatus. — Red-shouldered Hawk. Common perma-
nent resident in Bronx Park. One in Central Park, December 25.

37. Buteo platypterus. — Broad-winged Hawk. Two in Bronx
Park, October 29. One in Central Park, October 30, and one on
November G.

38. Falco peregrinus anatum. — Duck Hawk. A fine adult male
at Rugby, September 17.

39. Falco columbarius. — Pigeon Hawk. One at Rockaway. No-
vember 20.

4u. Falco sparverius. — American Sparrow Hawk. Common at
Rugby in September and October.

41. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis. — American Osprey. One in
Central Park, April 9.

42. Asio accipitrinus. — Short-eared Owl. Several seen along the
coast in October and November.

43. Coccyzus americanus. — Yellow-billed Cuckoo. Common sum-
mer resident in the parks.

44. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus. — Black-billed Cuckoo. Uncom-
mon summer resident in the parks.

45. Ceryle alcyon. — Belted Kingfisher. Common summer resi-
dent in Bronx Park. A few in Central Park in migrations.

46. Dryobates villosus. — Hairy Woodpecker. A pair spent the
winter of 1903-4 in Central Park. A male is present this winter.

47. Dryobaies pubescens medianus. — Downy Woodpecker. Com-
mon winter resident.

48. Sphyrapicus varius. — Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Common
migrant.

49. Melanerpes erythrocephalus. — Red-headed Woodpecker. Two
in Central Park on September IS.

50. Colaptes auratus luteus. — Northern Flicker. Common sum-
mer resident. Was abundant in Central Park in fall.

51. Chordeiles virginianus. — Nighthawk. Common summer resi-
dent. Often seen flying over the house-tops at dusk.

52. Chaetura pelagica. — Chimney Swift. Abundant summer resi-
dent.

53. Trochilus colubris. — Ruby-throated Hummingbird. Summer
resident in Bronx and Yan Cortlandt Parks. A migrant only else-
where.

Hix on New York City Birds. 39

54. Tyrannus iyrannus. — Kingbird. Common summer resident.

55. Myiarchus crinitus. — Crested Flycatcher. Common summer
resident in Bronx Park. Common migrant in Central Park.

56. Sayornis phoebe. — Phcebe. Common summer resident in
Bronx Park. Common migrant elsewhere.

57. Nuttalornis borealis. — Olive-sided Flycatcher. One in Cen-
tral Park on May 28, and one September 30.

58. Empidonax flaviventris. — Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. One in
Central Park on September 8.

59. Empidonax minimus. — Least Flycatcher. Common migrant.

60. Alauda arvensis. — Skylark. There is a colony of 75-100 at
Rugby. They may be seen any day in the summer, but after the
song season are hard to find. They may spend the winter in an-
other neighborhood.

61. Otocoris alpestris. — Horned Lark. Very common at Rocka-
way on November 20.

62. Cyanocitta cristata. — Blue Jay. Common permanent resi-
dent in Bronx Park. In Central Park, only one was seen in the
spring, but it was common in October.

63. Corvus brachyrhynchos. — American Crow. Very common per-
manent resident.

64. Corvus cssifragus. — Fish Crow. Summer resident in Bronx
Park.

65. Sturnus vulgaris. — Starling. Abundant permanent resident,
chiefly around tall buildings.

66. Dolichonyx oryzivorus. — Bobolink. Common fall migrant at
Rugby.

67. Molothrus ater. — Cowbird. Common summer resident in
Bronx Park.

68. Agelaius phceniceus. — Red-winged Blackbird. Common sum-
mer resident in the marshes.

69. Sturnflla magna. — Meadowlark. Common summer resident
in Bronx and Van Ccrtlandt Parks. Permanent resident along the
coast.

70. Icterus spurius. — Orchard Oriole. Several in Central Park
in May.

71. Icterus galbula. — Baltimore Oriole. Common summer resi-
dent in the parks.

7?. Euphagus carol inus. — Rusty Blackbird. Common migrant.

73. Guiscalus quiscula. — Purple Grackle. Abundant migrant. Lo-
cal summer resilient in Bronx and Central Parks.

74. Quiscalus quiscula aeneus. — Bronzed Grackle. A fine typ-
ical male was seen in Central Park. March 13.

75. Passer domesticus. — English Sparrow. Abundant every-
where.

76. Fringilla coeiebs. — Chaffinch. There is a male in Central
Park which has been there three years.

10 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 51.

77. Carpodacus purpureus. — Purple Finch. Common fall migrant,
in Bronx and Central Parks.

78. Astragal inus tristis. — American Goldfinch. Common mi-
grant.

79. Carduelis carduelis. — European Goldfinch. A few were seen
in Central Park in late winter and Spring. This species appears to
be diminishing in numbers.

80. Spinus pinus. — Pine Siskin. A flock of 15 in Central Park
on October 30. Three at Manhattan Beach, November 19.

81. Pooecetes gramineus. — Vesper Sparrow. Abundant summer
resident at Rugby.

82. Passerculus princeps. — Ipswich Sparrow. One at Manhattan
Beach, November 19.

83. Passerculus sandwichensis savanna. — Savanna Sparrow.
Very abundant fall migrant at Rugby. Rather uncommon at other
places.

84. Coturniculus savannarum passerinus. — Grasshopper Sparrow.
Common summer resident at Rugby.

85. Ammodramus caudacutus. — Sharp-tailed Sparrow. Common
summer resident at Rubgy and Coney Island.

86. Zonotrichia leucophrys. — White-crowned Sparrow. Several
were seen in October in various places.

87. Zonotrichia albicoll is. — White-throated Sparrow. Common
winter resident.

88. Spizella monticola. — Tree Sparrow. Local winter resident.
Very rare in Central Park.

89. Spizella social is. — Chipping Sparrow. Common summer res-
ident.

90. Spizella pusilla. — Field Sparrow. Common summer resident
in Bronx and Van Cortlandt Parks.

91. Junco hyemalis. — .Tunco. Common winter resident. Most
common in fall.

92. Melospiza cinerea melodia. — Song Sparrow. Common per-
manent resident.

93. Melospiza lincolnii. — Lincoln Sparrow. One was seen in Cen-
tral Park, May 6.

94. Melospiza georgiana. — Swamp Sparrow.. Common summer
resident in the marshes.

95. Passerella iliaca. — Fox Sparrow. Common migrant. A few
present in Central Park this winter.

96. Pipilo erythrophthalmus. — Towhee. Common migrant. A few
summer residents at Bronx Park.

97. Cardinalis cardinalis. — Cardinal. There are several pairs
present all the year in Central Park.

98. Zamelodia ludoviciana. — Rose-breasted Grosbeak. A few in
Central Park in May.

Hix on New York City Birds. 41

99. Cyanospiza cyanea. — Indigo Bunting. Summer resident in
Bronx Park.

100. Piranga erythromelas. — Scarlet Tanager. Common spring
migrant in Central Park. Summer resident in Bronx Park.

101. Hirundo erythrogaster. — Barn Swallow. Summer resident
in the northern part of city; elsewhere a common migrant.

102. Iridoprocne bicolor. — Tree Swallow. Common spring and
abundant fall migrant. Every evening from early in August until
late in October this species could be seen overhead in countless
numbers.

103. Riparia riparia. — Bank Swallow. Common summer resi-
dent at Van Cortlandt Park. Elsewhere a migrant. Abundant
along the coast in fall.

104. Stelgidopteryx serripennis. — Rough-winged Swallow. One
pair bred in Bronx Park. Very likely nesting in the masonry of
a new bridge.

105. Ampelis cedrorum. — Cedar Waxwing. Common summer
resident in Bronx Park. In Central Park only one flock was seen
in May, but it was very common in the fall.

106. Lanius borealis. — Northern Shrike. An immature bird in
Central Park, November 2.

107. Lanius ludovicianus migrans. — Migrant Shrike. An individ-
ual was present at Rugby from about September 3 until October
22, if not later.

108. Vireo olivaceus. — Red-eyed Vireo. Abundant summer resi-
dent.

108. Vireo gilvus. — Warbling Vireo. A few were seen in Cen-
tral Park in migrations.

110. Vireo flavifrons. — Yellow-throated Vireo. Uncommon sum-
mer resident in Central Park.

111. Vireo solitarius.- — Blue-headed Vireo. Tolerably common
migrant.

112. Vireo noveboracensis. — White-eyed Vireo. A pair bred in
Bronx Park.

113. Mniotilta varia. — Black and White Warbler. Common mi-
grant. Summer resident in Bronx Park.

114. Helmitheros vermivorus. — 'Worm-eating Warbler. One in
Central Park, August 15.

115. Helminthophila pinus. — Blue-winged Warbler. Common
summer resident in the northern part of city.

116. Helminthophila lawrencii. — Lawrence Warbler. A male
mated with female Blue-winged Warbler in Bronx Park. It was
described in various Journals.

117. Helminthophila chrysoptera. — Golden-winged Warbler. A
female in Central Park, May 7, and a male, August 15.

118. Helminthophila rubricapilla. — Nashville Warbler. One in
Central Park, May 11, and one September 22.

t2 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 51.

119. Helminthophila peregrina. — Tennessee Warbler. A young
bird in Central Park, September 8, and an adult male in St. Paul's
church-yard. September 22.

120. Compsothlypis americana usneae. — Northern Parula Warb-
ler. Common migrant.

121. Dendroica coronata — Myrtle Warbler. Abundant migrant.

122. Dendroica pensylvanica. — Chestnut-sided Warbler. Com-
mon spring migrant. In the fall a few were seen in Central Park
only.

123. Dendroica castanea. — Bay-breasted Warbler. Several in
Central Park in May.

124. Dendroica striata. — Black-poll Warbler. Abundant migrant.
In the fall in Central Park, this species outnumbered all others
put together. The last were seen October 19.

125. Dendroica blacburnise. — Blackburnian Warbler. Several
in Central Park in May.

126. Dendroica virens. — Black-throated Green Warbler. Com-
mon migrant in Central Park.

127. Dendroica vigcrsii. — Pine Warbler. Tolerably common mi-
grant in Central Park.

128. Dendroica palmarum. — Palm Warbler. A very typical
specimen was seen in Central Park September 15.

129. Dendroica palmarum hypochrisea. — Yellow Palm Warbler.
Common spring migrant. Uncommon fall migrant.

130. Dendroica discolor. — Prairie Warbler. Several in Central
Park in May.

131. Seiurus aurocapillus. — Oven-bird. Summer resident in Bronx
Park. A common migrant elsewhere.

132. Seiurus noveboracensis. — Water-Thrush. Common migrant.

133. Seiurus motacilla. — Louisiana Water-Thrush. Common mi-
grant.

134. Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla. — Northern Yellow-throat.
Summer resident in Bronx Park. Common migrant.

135. Icteria virens. — Yellow-breasted Chat. Summer resident in
Bronx Park. One in Central Park, May 5.

136. Wilsonia mitrata. — Hooded Warbler. An adult male in
Central Park, May 1.

137. Wilsonia pusilla. — Wilson Warbler. Common in Central
Park in May. One seen October 4.

138. Wilsonia canadensis. — Canadian Warbler. Common spring,
uncommon fall migrant.

139. Setophaga ruticilla. — American Redstart. Common summer
resident in the parks.

140. Anthus pensilvanicus. — American Pipit. An abundant fall
migrant along the coast.

141. Galeoscoptes carolinensis. — Catbird. Common summer res-
ident.

Hix on New York City Birds. 4:;

142. Toxostoma rufum. — Brown Thrasher. Common migrant.
Summer resident in Bronx Park.

143. Thryothorus ludovicianus. — Carolina Wren. Two in Central
Park, September 22.

144. Troglodytes aedon. — House Wren. A few in Central Park
in May.

145. Olbiorchilus hiemalis. — Winter Wren. Several in Central
Park in the fall.

146. Cistothorus stellaris. — Short-billed Marsh Wren. One was
seen with other migrants at Rugby October 8. It may be a summor
resident there.

147. Telmatodytes palustris. — Long-billed Marsh Wren. Sum-
mer resident in the salt marshes.

148. Certhia familiaris americana. — Brown Creeper. Uncommon
winter resident.

149. Sitta carol inensis. — White-breasted Nuthatch. There were
a few in Bronx and Central Parks last winter (1903-4), but there
are none this winter.

150. Sitta canadensis. — Red-breasted Nuthatch. One spent the
winter of 1903-4 in Central Park. In the fall one was seen in Cen-
tral Park, October 15, and one in Bronx Park, October 16. The
year before they were abundant in the fall from August to No-
vember.

151. Parus atricapillus. — Chickadee. Common winter resident.

152. Regulus satrapa. — Golden-crowned Kinglet. Winter resi-
dent in Bronx Park. Elsewhere a common migrant.

153. Regulus calendula. — Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Very common
migrant.

154. Hylocichla mustelina. — Wood Thrush. Uncommon summer
resident in Bronx and Central Parks.

155. Hylocichla fuscescens. — Wilson Thrush. Common migrant.
Summer resident in Bronx Park.

156. Hylocichla alicias. — Gray-cheeked Thrush . Tolerably com-
mon migrant in Central Park. In early October a few, apparently
Bicknell Thrushes (H. a. bicknelli), were seen in Central Park
and St. Paul's Church-yard.

157. Hylocichla swainsoni. — Olive-backed Thrush. Abundant
migrant.

158. Hylocichla guttata pallasii. — Hermit Thrush. Abundant mi-
grant. There is one in Central Park this winter.

159. Merula migratoria. — American Robin. Abundant summer
resident. A few are present in Central Park this winter.

160. Sialia sialis. — Bluebird. Summer resident in Bronx and
Van Cortlandt Parks. In Central Park seen only in fall migration
when it was quite common.

161. Ammodramus maritimus. — Seaside Sparrow. Abundant
summer resident at Rugby and Coney Island.

44 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 51.

BIRDS VS. STREET CARS.

BY MARION E. SPARKS.

The advance of the interurban electric lines, makes excur-
sions to country places more easy, but are the birds near it
undisturbed by the shrill whistle? Of course the birds may
become used to it. for they pay little attention to railroad
trains ; but the frequency of the cars may make a difference.

The following notes give the birds seen without careful
search, in a space of two lots ; along the south edge is a cutting
and beyond that a garden equal to a city block in size. During
the time the notes were taken, interurban, local and construc-
tion cars passed to and fro in the cutting from 4 a. m. till 12
p. m. daily, at intervals of from thirty to three minutes.

The birds were only passing and the ones that remained all
summer were noticeably more numerous than they had been
in previous years.

Lack of close watching, no doubt missed many. Absence
of cats, dogs, chickens, and children may account for the num-
ber in part, while the presence of a small stream in the space
beyond the garden probably had some influence.

The yard is almost crowded with shrubs, while a dozen
shade trees, and twice as many fruit trees helped to make it
easy for the birds to escape too close notice.

Time, April 5-May 13, 1904.

April 5, 1!M>4. — Ruby-crowned Kinglet, on a vine at the
open window, later in a bush ; fearless, almost tame. i.e. al-
lowed observer to approach nearer than ten feet.

April 6-13. — A few, 3 or 4 Chickadees, one White-breasted
Nuthatch, Hairy Woodpecker, Flicker, Robin, W'ood Thrush.,
Bluebird, White-throated Sparrow. Veery, Towhee (male
only), Brown Thrasher, Brown Creeper, Junco, Bronzed
Grackle, Blue Jay.

Cooler April 1 1-17.

April IT. — The first House Wren of the season; two weeks
later than last year.

April 25. — Black and White Warbler seen ; only one speci-
men. The Blackbirds have not been seen since April 20. No

Sparks on Birds vs. Street Cars. 45

Towhees here since the 22d of April. Robins are plenty now,
and two pairs of Brown Thrashers are nest-building.

The Wood Thrushes are fewer in number ; the flocks of
White-throated Sparrows are gone, too. The Veery ( ?) and
Song Sparrow are often heard.

Cold and rainy, but the Cardinal came to-day, and the first
Oven-bird. Male Cardinal was very busy in a brush-heap,
feeding the female, who disdained even looking for food for
herself. The Cardinals do not notice the interurban car, even
when it whistles not twenty feet from them.

April 27. — The earliest Catbird came ; the Bluebirds are
here again, tame as ever. They were very curious about a
bonfire, hardly waiting for the flames to die down before in-
vestigating it. The Indigo Bunting was here, taking a drink
from a pan of water about thirty feet from the kitchen door.

The Black and White Warbler came again ; he " fished
up " an angleworm somewhere and was seen pounding it
vigorously on a small branch, before he finally ate it. Did he
pull it out of the ground as Robins do?

April 30. — Male and female Rusty Blackbird appeared ; la-
ter they made a nest in a pear tree about ten feet from the
house.

May 2. — Hummingbird in the tulip bed.

May 5. — Oven-birds still here, but the flock, or number, is
smaller. The Ruby-crowned Kinglet is here yet ; flocks of
White-throated Sparrows are here morning and evening. A
Sora (Carolina Rail), was in the yard this morning. It
seemed confused, and attempts to get a closer view resulted
in driving it away. Wilson Warbler here to-day.

May 6, (i :00 p. m. — Saw and heard the Rose-breasted Gros-
beak.

May 8. — The Least Flycatcher was observed in an apple-
tree ; shy, and very busy. The Wrens are nest-making. A
female Towhee was here : the others earlier, March D-April
22, were all males, and have been gone more than ten days ;
they were fearless, but this one is very shy.

The Wood Thrushes are gone, so are the White-throated
Sparrows. A Warbler, the Cerulean, almost surely, was here
to-day ; shy.

-Hi The Wilson Bulletin — No. 51.

May !>. — The Chestnut-sided Warbler; not shy; not ten
feet away from the observer and the open house door.

May 11. — Canadian Warbler flashed irito sight in the lower
boughs of a soft maple, for a few minutes, just long enough

to make sure of his identity.

May 13. — The Chimney Swifts are here; and another dif-
ferent warbler, Magnolia: Probably not.

May IS. — Male and female Redstart in the peach tree, "for
this day only."

The Baltimore Oriole heard once or twice; was not seen
till June; so that he can hardly be counted.

The first Towhees came March !» ; Blue Jaws are here all
winter; Robins too. but not in large numbers. About March
'in, the Golden-crowned Kinglet was seen, and a flock of Lark
Sparrows, Downy Woodpecker, and Sapsucker. The Robins
are on record in my notes as carrying nest material, March 31.

Of those in the first list the following had nests in the yard,
or the garden beyond it :

Robin. Bronzed Graekle.

Blue Jay. Hummingbird.

Flicker. Rose-breasted Grosbeak (appar-

Brown Thrasher. ently).

House Wren. Baltimore Oriole.

Oven-bird. Chimney Swift.

Catbird.

The last in a chimney of the house, where they had nested
for more than ten years.

As for the nnmbers of the various sorts the largest num-
bers seen at any one time were :
Robin, 10 or 12. Bluebird, 4.

Blue Jay, 10 or 12. Yellow-bellied Sapsvcker, 1.

Brown Creeper, 2 or 3. Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 2.

Wilson Thrush, 5 or G. Chickadee, 4 or 5.

Downy Woodpecker, 2. Brown Thrasher, 4.

Towhee (male), 30. House Wren, 4.

Towhee (female), 1. White-throated Sparrow, 20.

Flicker, 4. Black and White Warbler, 1.

Lark Sparrow, 15. Tardinal, 4.

Golden-crowned Kinglet, 1. Oven-bird, 10 to 1G.

Bronzed Graekle, 7 or 10. Catbird, 6.

Wood Thrush, 10 or 12. Indigo Bunting, 1.

Hairy Woodpecker, 2. Rusty Blackbird, 2.

Sparks on Birds vs. Street Cars.

47

Least Flycatcher, 1.
Wilson Warbler, 1.
Chestnut-sided Warbler, 1.
Canadian Warbler, 1.
Cerulean Warbler, 1.
Magnolia, 1.

Sora, 1.

Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 1.

Rose-breasted Grosbeak (all

males), 6.
Baltimore Oriole, 1.
Chimney Swift, 4.
American Redstart, 2.

Total, at least 160, probably 175 individuals.

For the same period of time, and place, the previous year,
1903, when no cars ran up the cutting at all, the birds noticed
were :

Blue Jay.

Robin.

Bronzed Grackle.

Brown Thrasher.

Wood Thrush.

Golden-crowned Kinglet.

Cardinal.

Rose-breasted Grosbeak.

Towhee.
House Wren.
Chipping Sparrow.
Baltimore Oriole.
Junco.

Lark Sparrow.
Wilson Thrush (?).
Chimney Swift.

A total of 16, as compared with 37 in 1904.

As a check on this, the birds seen in a piece of woodland
a mile away from the car track, July 13, 5 to 10 a. m., may
be of interest.

Indigo Bunting, 1.

Field Sparrow, 3.

Barn Swallow, 10.

Phcebe, 4.

Song Sparrow, 2.

Migrant Shrike, 1.

Bluebirds (some young ones),

12.
Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 1.

Total, 100.

Urbana, 111.

Chipping Sparrow, 4.
Meadowlark, C.
American Goldfinch, 5
Kingbird, 10.
American Crow, 7.
Blue Jay, 7.
Robin, 10.
Bronzed Grackle, 20.

48 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 51.

AUTUMN BIRDS OF THE LES CHENEAUX ISLANDS.

BY WALTER C. WOOD.

To the bird observer there is a deep interest and pleasant
anticipation in exploring a new section of country, especially
where a picturesque wilderness lends an added charm. The
exquisite beauty of the wild rice marshes, the deep solitude of
the thick cedar woods, the rugged magnificence of the wind-
fall tangles and the clear waters reflecting sky and bordering
forest form a picture of wild natural beauty never to be for-
gotten, and such a country is the Les Cheneaux Islands and
adjacent mainland in T. 42. N. R. I. W., Macinac county,
Michigan.

There is but little cultivated land in the vicinity of these
islands. Some tamarack, balsam, pine, and birch trees are to
be found, but spruce, hemlock and poplar are more common,
while the cedar is the predominating tree and forms extensive
swamps.

It is to be regretted that I could not devote my entire time
to bird observation, but every opportunity was embraced, and
probably very few species escaped notice. Of those observed,
however, eight species could not be identified with certainty
and are consequently not listed. It might also be mentioned
that while no owls were met with one specimen of the Great
Horned was shot a few days before my arrival.

Captain John Pollock of the Les Cheneaux Club stated
that during his fifteen years residence in the vicinity of these
islands he has never observed the Woodcock or Scarlet Tana-
ger, birds he was familiar with in southern Michigan; also a
small flock of Passenger Pigeons are observed each year. Of
course, as none of these pigeons have been secured their iden-
tity is not beyond question. Hv showed me a nest of the Os-
prey, from which a gentleman from Chicago took three young
and secured the parent birds ; and also mentioned one of the
Northern Ravens in a pine which had been occupied for many
years up to 1900.

The following list represent the birds observed between
October 15th and November 15th, 1003:

Wood on Autumn Birds of Les Cheneaux Islands. 49

1. Colymbus auritus. Horned Grebe.

2. Podilymbus podiceps. Pied-billed Grebe. — These two species
could be seen on the bays at all times, the former considered good
eating by the residents.

3. Gavia imber. Loon. — Several observed.

4. Larus argentatus. Herring Gull. — Many seen. Captain Pol-
lock showed me a nest on a small island within 300 yards of the
club house, where a brood had been successfully reared during
the siummer. The pair have nested there five or six years, but no
others breed in the vicinity, although the birds may be seen all
summer in more or less numbers.

5. Larus delawarensis. Ring-billed Gull. — Six were observed one
morning on piles in front of club house.

6. Larus Philadelphia. Bonaparte Gull. — One seen with the last
species.

7. Merganser americanus. American Merganser. — Common,
breeds. Captain Pollock stated that many pairs with young were
on the bay during the summer and became very tame, one brood
coming to- the landing to be fed.

8. Merganser serrator. Red-breasted Merganser. — A male drop-
ped into my decoys, but dove at the flash and reappeared out of
range. This was the only specimen I could positively identify.

9. Lophodytes cucullatus. Hooded Merganser. — Rather common
and considered good eating. Pollock says, "a common breeder."

10. Anas boschas. Mallard.

11. Anas obscura. Black Duck.

12. Aythya americana. Redhead. — The various indentations of
the bay were covered with wild rice and visited by flocks of the
three above species ranging from ten to fifty birds.

13. Aythya affinis. Lesser Scaup Duck. — Common.

14. Clangula clangula americana. American Golden-eye. — A
few small flocks.

15. Charitonetta albeola. Buffle-head. — Most abundant of all
the ducks. Flocks of 500 or more often seen.

16. Oidemia americana. American Scoter. — One bird secured
from a flock of five. No others seen.

17. Branta canadensis. Canada Goose. — Several small flocks.

18. Totanus melanoleucus. Greater Yellow-legs.

19. Charadrius dominicus. American Golden Plover. — Flocks of
five to twenty of this plover and yellow-legs seen daily and many
secured.

20. Bonasa umbellus. Ruffed Grouse. — An abundant resident.
Its greatest enemies are the foxes and half-starved Indian dogs.

21. Buteo boreal is. Red-tailed Hawk. — One seen.

22. Buteo lineatus. Red-shouldered Hawk. — One seen.

23. Haliaeetus leucocephalus. Bald Eagle. — One, adult specimen,
came daily to the outer bay.

50 Tin-: Wilson Bulletin — No. 51.

24. Falco sparvsrius. American Sparrow Hawk. — Several seen.

25. Dryobates villosus.. Hairy Woodpecker. — Common.

26. Dryobates pubescens medianus. Downy Woodpecker. — Com-
mon. Most abundant of the woodpeckers.

27. Picoides arcticus. Arctic Three-toed Woodpepker. — Most
abundant of the woodpeckers.

28. Ceophloeus pileatus abieticola. Northern Pileated Wood-
pecker.— Common. About 30 seen and one secured.

29. Colaptes auratus luteus. Northern Flicker. — Several ob-
served.

30. Cyanocitta cristata. Blue Jay. — Common.

31. Perisoreus canadensis. Canada Jay. — A rather common and
conspicuous species found mainly along the Indian trails and
deer runs.

32. Corvus brachyrhynchos. American Crow. — Several seen.

33. Pinicola enucleator leucura. Northern Pine Grosbeak. —
Many large flocks noted and a very small percentage in the red
plumage.

34. Loxia curvirostra minor. American Crossbill. — Many small
flocks observed.

35. Acanthis linaria. Red-poll. One small flock.

36. Spinus pinus. Pine Siskin. — Very abundant.

37. Passerina nivalis. Snowflake. — Common. Always in large
flocks.

38. Spizella monticola. Tree Sparrow. — Common.

39. Junco hyemalis. Slate-colored Junco. — Common.

40. Melospiza cinerea melodia. Song Sparrow. — Three seen.

41. Lanius borealis. Northern Shrike. — The only specimen seen
was secured.'

42. Lanius ludovicianus migrans. Migrant Shrike. Several ob-
served.

43. Sitta carolinensis. White-hreasted Nuthatch.— Common.

44. Sitta canadensis. Red-hreasted Nuthatch. — Not so abundant
as the preceding.

45. Parus atricapillus. Chickadee. — This energetic little bird
was distributed throughout the country visited.

46. Regulus calendula. Ruby-crowned Kinglet.— One brought me
for identification.

46. Merula migratoria. American Robin.— Several individuals
were noted at various times.

48. Sialia sialia. Bluebird.— Several small flocks seen. None
observed after November 1st.

Detroit, Mich.

Hunt ox The Spotted Sandpiper. 51

THE SPOTTED SANDPIPER.

CHRESWELL J. HUNT.

Surely every bird student knows the Spotted Sandpiper
(Actitis macularia). Xo matter how small the body of water
we visit, whether river, creek, or mill-pond, we are almost
certain to find at least one pair of these little fellows at home.
Visit a rapid stream dashing over rocks and gliding here and
there into deep pools such as the trout love and you will hear
the shrill "Peet-weet, peet-weet" of the Sandpiper as he takes
wing from some point along the water's edge at your ap-
proach ; or you may come upon him "teetering" upon some
rock. Or visit a tide creek or river and you will find him
just as much at home upon the sandy beach or upon the mud
flats left by the receding tide. He also finds the quiet mill-
pond much to his liking and the stream must be small indeed
which may not be honored by his presence.

Although so well known generally a few observations made
during the past year or two may not be amiss.

Common enough along the streams I frequent, and though
one of the first birds whose acquaintance I made when I be-
gan the study of ornithology, it is still more cr less of a
stranger to me. We are on speaking terms and that is all.
Never as yet have I been fortunate enough to discover the
nest or even to receive a hint from the birds as to the nest
location.

It was a hot June afternoon. I had been lying upon a log
at the edge of a mill-pond watching a Kingfisher. The mid-
day hush in the bird chorus was in progress and 'ere long I
fell asleep. When I awakened, without moving I looked out
over the water and there within only a few yards of me stood
two Spotted Sandpipers. They were standing in about three
inches of water and were apparently fast asleep. Each stood
upon one leg. The head was turned back and the bill was
hidden in the feathers of the back. They were perfectly mo-
tionless. I wondered if it was customary for these birds to
sleep in this manner. Do they always sleep thus? Or were
these birds simply taking a siesta?

52 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 51.

Mr. C. J. Peck and myself spent most of the nights of May
28 and 29, 1904, in an open boat upon a New Jersey tide
creek. During the early night and even at midnight we heard
a strange whistle which some bird made as it flew across the
marsh. It was of course too dark to see the bird, but on the
following evening we heard a Spotted Sandpiper give the
same note. Is this nocturnal flight common with this species?
Has it anything to do with the breeding season? Is this bird
astir all night? I have found them sleeping during the day
and flying about at night. If they sleep at night do they sleep
standing in the water or where do they roost? Can not some
other bird student throw some more light upon this subject?

We always associate the Spotted Sandpiper with the vi-
cinity of water. Whenever I think of them I imagine I can
hear water rushing about rocks or see before me an expanse
of mud flats. What was my surprise, therefore, when one
July morning I found one of them walking the railroad tracks.
To be sure it was near a trestle that spanned the creek, but
here was the bird walking back and forth upon the steel rail,
occasionally stopping and "teetering" in its customary way.
It was a young bird of the year, lacking the conspicuous spots
upon the breast. As it walked the rail the toes were turned
in and it was "pigeon-toed" to perfection. I soon found, how-
ever, that there was an object in its madness as I saw it several
times drop down to one of the ties and capture an unsuspect-
ing spider, which it devoured with apparent relish.

Philadelphia. Pa., May, 1905.

BIRD HORIZONS FROM RUSSELLVILLE, KY.

BY G. C. EMBODY.

March 19, 1904.

Time, 2:30-5:30 P. M.; temp., 70°; clear; light south wind.

Wilson Snipe, 3; Bob-white, 15; Turkey Vulture, 10; Red-bellied
Woodpecker, 2; Flicker, 10; Bronzed Grackle, 50; Vesper Sparrow,
20; Savanna Sparrow, 5; Leconte Sparrow, 1: White-crowned Spar-
row, 2; White-throated Sparrow, 10; Field Sparrow, 8; Slate-col-
ored Junco, 50; Song Sparrow, 12; Swamp Sparrow, 1; Cardinal,

Embody on Russelville, Ky., Bird Horizons. 53

10; Myrtle Warbler, 6; Tufted Titmouse, 5; Carolina Chickadee,
10; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 4.

Total: Species, 20; individuals, 234.

April 27, 1904.

Time, 2-6 P. M.; temp., 75°; cloudy.

Bob-white, 1; Turkey Vulture, 6; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Pileated
Woodpecker, 1; Chimney Swift (estimate), 100; Crested Flycatcher,
5; Wood Pewee, 2; Phcebe, 1; Blue Jay, 5; Crow, 10; Purple
Finch (est.), 100; Goldfinch, 10; White-throated Sparrow, 5;
Chipping Sparrow, 10; Field Sparrow, 30; Towhee, 2; Cardinal,
5; Scarlet Tanager, 4; Summer Tanager, 5; Cliff Swallow, 1; Red-
eyed Vireo, 3; Warbling Vireo, 1; White-eyed Vireo, 6; Black and
White Warbler, 3; Worm-eating Warbler, 1; Cape May Warbler,
1; Prairie Warbler, 3; Myrtle Warbler, 10; Oven-bird, 3; Black-
poll Warbler, 2; Mockingbird, 5; Catbird, 6; Brown Thrasher, 3;
Carolina Wren, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 5; Carolina Chickadee, 3;
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 10; Wilson Thrush, 1; Robin, 10; Blue-
bird, 4.

Total: Species, 40; individuals, 385.

April 30, 1904.

Time, 10 A. M.-5 P. M.; temp., 80; clear; light east wind.

Bob-white, 1; Mourning Dove, 4; Turkey Vulture, 10; Broad-winged
Hawk, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Flicker, 4; Chimney Swift, 40;
Hummingbird, 1; Kingbird, 6; Crested Flycatcher, 10; Blue Jay,
15; Crow, 10; Meadowlark, 2; Bronzed Grackle, 5; Orchard Oriole,
1; Baltimore Oriole, 3; Purple Finch, 40; Goldfinch, 10; White-
throated Sparrow, 10; Chipping Sparrow, 10; Field Sparrow, 20;
Savanna Sparrow, 2; Swamp Sparrow, 1; Lincoln Sparrow, 2;
Bachman Sparrow, 1; Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 4; Indigo Bunting,
5; Cardinal, 8; Towhee, 20; Summer Tanager, 3; Scarlet Tanager,
2; Bank Swallow, 2; Rough-winged Swallow, 1; Red-eyed Vireo,
10; White-eyed Vireo, 10; Yellow-throated Vireo, 5; Black and
White Warbler, 6; Prairie Warbler, 6; Myrtle Warbler, 2; Black-
throated Green Warbler, 3; Cerulean Warbler, 2; Black-poll Warb-
ler. 6; Yellow Palm Warbler, 1; Maryland Yellow-throat, 10; Yel-
low-breasted Chat, 15; Redstart, 2; Ovenbird, 6; Mockingbird, 5;
Catbird, 20; Brown Thrasher, 15; Carolina Wren, 6; Red-breasted
Nuthatch, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 10; Carolina Chickadee, 8; Ruby-
crowned Kinglet, 6; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 20; Robin, 18; Blue-
bird, 12.

Total: Species, 58; individuals, 459.

May 14, 1904.

Time, 9 A. M.-5 P. M.; temp., 75°; cloudy; light south wind.

Bob-white, 20; Mourning Dove, 5; Turkey Vulture, 10; Yellow-
billed Cuckoo, 3; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Pileated Woodpecker, 1;
Red-headed Woodpecker, 3; Kingbird, 20; Wood Pewee, 2; Prairie

54 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 51.

Horned Lark. 2; Crow. 30; Meadowlark, 10; Bronzed Grackle, 30:
Orchard Oriole, 10; Baltimore Oriole. 5; White-throated Sparrow,
1; White-crowned Sparrow, 1; Chipping Sparrow, 7; P'ield Spar-
row. 12; Grasshopper Sparrow, 25; Lincoln's Sparrow, 1; Indigo
Bunting, 10; Dickcissel. 3; Cardinal, 8; Red-eyed Vireo, 10: White-
eyed Vireo, 10; Yellow-throated Vireo, 1; Warbling Vireo, 1; Black
and White Warbler, 4; Prairie Warbler, 2; Magnolia Warbler, 1;
Yellow Warbler, 2; Black-poll Warbler, 2; Oven-bird, S; Yellow-
breasted Chat, 15; Mockingbird. 6; Catbird, 20; Brown Thrasher,
5; Carolina Wren, 6; Bewick Wren, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 5; Caro-
lina Chickadee, 4; Wilson Thrush, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; Robin, 28:
Bluebird, 15.

Total: Species, 46; individuals, 371.

August 25. 1904.

Time, 2-5 P. M.; temp., 95°; clear.

Solitary Sandpiper, 1; Mourning Dove, 15; Turkey Vulture, 3;
Red-headed Woodpecker, 5; Kingbird, 10; Crested Flycatcher, 2;
Wood Pewee. 1; Crow, 5; Field Sparrow. S; Grasshopper Sparrow,
3; Bachman Sparrow, 10; Cardinal, 3; Red-eyed Vireo. 1; Yellow-
throated Vireo, 1; Berwick Wren, 1; Tufted Titmouse. 5; Carolina
Chickadee, 4; Bluebird. 20.

Total: Species, 20; individuals. 101.

September 17, 1904.

Time, 10 A. M.-5 P. M., temp., 90°; clear.

Solitary Sandpiper. 1; Bob-white, 1: Mourning Dove, S: Turkey
Vulture, 20; Black-billed Cuckoo, 1; Downy Woodpecker. 1: Red-
headed Woodpecker, 5: Red-bellied Woodpecker, 5; Pileatc-d Wood-
pecker, ; Flicker, 6; Nighthawk, 12; Chimney Swift. 20; Phoebe.
1; Acadian Flycatcher, 1; Wood Pewee, 5; Yellow-bellied Flycatch-
er, 2: Crow, 5; Blue Jay. 5: Goldfinch, 1: Field Sparrow, 8; Grass-
hopper Sparrow, 4: Summer Tanager, 2; Cardinal. 20; Red-eyed
Vireo, 2; White-eyed Vireo, 2; Ovenbird, 1; Chestnut-sided War-
bler, 1; Black-throated Green Warbler, 5; Magnolia Warbler. 1:
Mockingbird, 6; Bewick Wren, 2; Tufted Titmouse. 10; Carolina
Chickadee, 6; Robin. 10; Bluebird. 12.

Total: Species, 35; individuals, 193.

December 28. 1904.

Time, 2-5 P. M.; temp., 20°; north west wind: clear.

Bob-white, 30; Mourning Dove, 5; Turkey Vulture, 3; Downy
Woodpecker, 2; Hairy Woodpecker. 1; Flicker, 20; Blue Jay, 3:
Crow, 10; Meadowlark, 25: Leconte Sparrow, 1; Tree Sparrow,. 12;
Song Sparrow, 3; Junco, 100; Cardinal. 4; Towhee, 1; Cedar Wax-
wing, 10; Myrtle Warbler, 10; Mockingbird, 5; Brown Creeper, 1;
Tufted Titmouse, 10; Carolina Chickadee, 5; Hermit Thrush, 1;
Bluebird, 8.
Total: Species, 23; individuals, 270.

Embody on Russelyili.e, Ky., Bird Horizons. 55

January 21, 1905.

Time, 10 A. M.-5 P. M.; temp., 32°-40°; north west wind; clear.

Turkey Vulture, 15; Downey Woodpecker, 3; Yellow-bellied Sap-
sucker, 1; Flicker, 2; Prairie Horned Lark (est.), 90; Crow, 20;
Blue Jay, 1; Meadowlark, 2; Purple Finch, 12; Goldfinch, 4; Tree
Sparrow, 6; Field Sparrow, 20; Junco (est.), 100; Song Sparrow,
4; Towhee, 1; Cardinal, 10 Cedar Waxwing, 10; Loggerhead Shrike,
1; Myrtle Warbler, 30; Mockingbird, 4; Carolina Wren, 3; Bewick
Wren, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 5; Carolina Chickadee, 20; Golden-
crowned Kinglet, 1; Robin (flock), 100; Bluebird, 5.

Total: Species, 27; individuals, 471.

COMMON TERN. (Sterna hirundo.)

Nest with Egg and Two Just Hatched Young, and Two Half

Grown Young.

Woepecket Id., Mass.

56 The Wilson Bu-lletin — No. 51.

WINTER NOTES ON YELLOW-BELLIED SAP-
SLICKER (Sphyrapicus varius).

BY C. H. MORRIS.

On January 15, 1905, on one of the coldest days of the
winter, Yellow-bellied Sapsucker — a fine male — dropped in
near my lunch counter, and from that time until now, Feb-
ruary 15, he has been about nearly every day. The first time
I saw him he was sticking- close to the ground on the south-
eastern side of a maple catching the first level rays of the
sun. With shoulders rounded and feathers ruffled he looked
to be as cold as was the weather. On the 23d, the tempera-
ture having risen to thawing point, he drilled his row of holes
in the maple, where first I saw him, and during the forenoon
never once left his post. The sap ran sluggishly and his ap-
pearance matched it. I had noticed him flying about a couple
of plum trees upon which the dried fruit hung in abundance —
Dawson plums they are — and on the 29th, while watching his
scarlet-throated lordship, I saw him pluck a plum. He did
not insert it in a crack as his family does with nuts, but ate
it partially, dropping the stone. His favorite method is tak-
ing small bits of the fruit as it hangs. On the 27th, the sap
from the holes had frozen into icicles some five inches long,
and Yellow-belly sat below, and nipping off the points leisure-
ly, ate the ice. Yesterday, February 14, the coldest day we
have had, with the temperature 8°, the bird flew on the lunch-
box in which I had just placed cracked hickorynuts and wal-
nuts. Close by him was suet in great plenty, which the
Downy and Hairy feed from almost exclusively, seeming to
have no taste for the nuts. But Yellow-bellied ate greedily
of the nuts, thus following in the footsteps of his brother, Red-
bellied Woodpecker, who scarcely ever will touch the meat
or suet.

Mr. Dawson, in his charming work, " The Birds of Ohio,"
gives this latitude as about the northern winter range of this
bird. February 11, another one came, this time an immature
specimen, but he only remained for two or three days.

The birds are in the habit of frequenting a spruce and pine
tree close by, and several times they have been observed eat-

Wood on Nesting of Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. 57

ing the small nodules of the pitch that has, during the pre-
ceding year, exuded from the tree.
Morgan Co., O.

NESTING OF THE YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKER.

BY J. CLAIRE WOOD.

I know of but two sets of eggs of this species taken in the
county. I was collecting birds in a thick woods on P. C. 49,
Ecorse township, on May 10, 1891, when I met with a party
of young egg collectors. Soon after I heard one calling that he
had found a Downy Woodpecker's nest. On being told the birds
were Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers, he was greatly surprised.
The cavity contained three fresh eggs, which he left for a
larger set, but there is a humorous sequel. It seems that after
I left a consultation was held and it was decided to take the
eggs for fear I might return and do a little collecting myself.
When the collector arrived home his father, a well known
oologist, decided to return at once and secure the bird in order
to discover, by dissection, the number of eggs that would
have been laid. This was done, and when he cut open the
bird next day, Great Caesar ! it was the male.

This is the most abundant and noisy woodpecker of the wood-
lands here during April. Before the expiration of the month
the majority are already mated and looking for nesting sites,
but after drilling numerous test holes, in one case devoting
three days to a single excavation, they apparently feel a re-
newal of the migratory impulse and fade away toward the
north ; so when, on April 21, 1903, in Section 3; Van Buren
township, I saw a female drilling into a dead stub in the
thickest portion of a low swampy woods, I merely watched her
awhile and passed on without further consideration. Chancing
to pass the stub on May 19 I tapped it and out popped ma-
dame's head — the surprise was mutual. As I ascended and
paused at her level she remained motionless, in fact, did not
move until my finger was extended, when she retreated before
it, but paused just out of reach and proceeded to drill a hole
into the end. As it was withdrawn she followed closelv until

58 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 51.

her head protruded as before. This was repeated many times,
she never forgetting to pound the end with a good will. A
puff of smoke, blown into the cavity, finally induced her to
vacate, hut so small was the entrance that she actually stuck
tight for about ten seconds before she could squeeze through.
She eyed me a moment from the nearest tree trunk, then re-
turned and clung to the stub only a few feet above my head.
The excavation was twelve feet above the ground and the stub
about twenty high. The entrance went straight in for three
inches and was eighteen in depth, widening out to six at the
bottom and occupying the core of the tree. It contained four
fresh eggs, best described as exactly like average bluebird's in
size and shape, but. of course, pure white. This was probably
an incomplete set, as both Dr. P. E. Moody and myself have
taken sets of six eggs in Oakland county, where the Ir.rds ex-
hibited none of the courage of this individual.
Wavne County, Mich.

ALL DAY WITH THE BIRDS AT DURMID. VA.

BY W. F. HENXINGER.

This year I had to make my "All Day with the Birds" in
a new territory. Having arrived at Lynchburg, April 25th, I
immediately went to work to study the bird world. For that
reason I preferred staying with friends at Durmid, as the
mountains are only two miles distant. In some respects the
bird world is similar to that of middle southern Ohio, for the
climate is practically the same. Bewick Wren and Bachmann
Sparrow greeted me, together with the Prairie Warbler the
very first day.

The hills are crowded with woods, both decidious trees and
pines; little streams gushing down from the hillsides; stones
are abundantly sown over the shining brick-red soil, and bird-
life lacks the vigor and freshness of the North.

Hawks seemed scarce and the great numbers of Turkey
Vultures could not atone for this. ( )wls I did not see at all.
Woodpeckers were persent, but only in very few individuals.
The Robin was quite rare, the Meadowlark was heard but

Henninger on All Day at Durmid, Va. 59

twice, the Baltimore Oriole I found at Rivermount Park only,
while the Grackles were confined almost entirely to Spring
Hill cemetery. It took me almost a week to find a good corner
for the study of the Warhlers, but here they were thick and
I have never made a better study of the Blackburnian, Chest-
nut-sided and Parula Warblers' songs than at this place. In
the intervals could be heard the low notes of a pair of Worm-
eating Warblers, the lazy weird song of the Prairie Warbler,
and above them all the strong chant of the Carolina Wren ;
while as soon as you stepped a little farther out of the forest,
Catbird, Brown Thrasher and Mockingbird were trying to
outdo one another.

After having made a careful survey of this territory and
also of Rivermount Park, another splendid place for the birds,
where they seemed to have lost all shyness, and gaudy Sum-
mer and Scarlet Tanagers, Orioles and Wood Thrushes would
sit only a few feet away from you. I decided to make May
5th an All Day with the Birds, but I became ill and for three
days had a severe fever. As soon as it left me, however, I de-
cided I had to go at once, and May 8th found me at work. My
previous careful study enabled mie to come out of the woods
at 10 a. m. with 79 species seen, then I went to the James
River, but work there was a sore disappointment. No doubt
our secretary, Mr. John W. Daniel, Jr., whose home is at
Lynchburg, could have done far better than I did, as he no
doubt would know the haunts of the birds there. Suffice it
to say the James River only netted me eight new species in
three hours of the hardest kind of work, but it included a
species I had not yet seen here — the Warbling Vireo. River-
mount Park furnished the greatest surprise of the day — a
pair of Philadelphia Yireos, — a late date for this bird as also
for the Hermit Thrush, but in Lynchburg, as everywhere, the
past winter had been a severe one and no doubt this kept
back many a migrant.

By 5 :30 p. m. I began to feel the effects of the three days
of fever and was compelled to go home and remain quiet, but
still I was able to add a few more, till at 9 p. m. the doleful
note of the Whippoorwill gave me my 105th species. Taking
into consideration my physical condition and the fact that

GO The Wilson Bulletin — No. 51.

I worked in a new territory, may account for the smaller list,
but at the same time it also added a new charm to bird study
to see what could be done for an "All Day " record under
such circumstances.

Lynchburg, Pa., May 8, 1905. — Weather warm, about 85°,
sun bright from (5 till 12, then sky overcast with clouds, strong
wind in evening. Leaving Durmid 0 a. m., two miles south,
through woods and hills, half way up the Candler Mountains
till 10 a. m. (species seen, 79) ; from 11 a. m. from Durmid
to 12th street depot (N. & W.) Lynchburg, new species seen,
3 ; car to L;nion depot, walking on left side of James River
east four miles, returning by way of Island till 3 p. m. (new
species added, 8) ; car to Rivermount Park, where I staid till
5:30 p. m. (new species added, 11); returning to Durmid.
where I added four species, the last one at 9 p. m. Total spe-
cies seen, 105 ; total individuals, 004.

Bewick Wren, 15; Robin, 2; Mockingbird, 5; Chipping Sparrow,
8; Catbird, 20; Brown Thrasher, 7; Meadowlark, 1; Maryland Yel-
low-throat, 6; Field Sparrow, 10; Yellow Warbler, 10; Yellow-
breasted Chat, 6; Tufted Titmouse, 2; Green-crested Flycatcher, 6;
Mourning Dove, 2; Goldfinch, 20; Killdeer, 1; Kingbird, 5; Night-
hawk, 2; Vesper Sparrow, 2; Bachmann's Sparrow, 12; Towhee.
15; Crested Flycatcher, 6; Black and White Warbler, 6; Redstart,
25; Traill Flycatcher, 2; Carolina Wren, 3; Black-throated Blue
Warbler, 4; Prairie Warbler, 15; Tennessee Warbler, 2; Black-
throated Green Warbler, 8; Black-poll Warbler, 9; Pine Warbler,
4; Cape May Warbler, 4; Chestnut-sided Warbler, 20; Blue-winged
Warbler, 2; Worm-eating Warbler, 2; Bay-breasted Warbler, 2;
Parula Warbler, 4; Nashville Warbler, 1; Golden-winged Warbler.
4; Magnolia Warbler, 1; Connecticut Warbler, 2; Myrtle Warbler,
1; Wilson Warbler, 2; Canadian Warbler, 4; Summer Tanager. 4;
Red-headed Woodpecker, 4; Grasshopper Sparrow, 2; Carolina
Chickadee, 3; Cardinal, 20; Indigo Bunting, 4; Phoebe, 1; Wood
Pewee, 12; American Crow, 7; Yellow-throated Vireo, 3; Red-eyed
Vireo, 40; Solitary Vireo, 2; White-eyed Vireo, 1; Warbling Vireo.
4; Oven-bird, 12; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 8; House Wren, 3; Wood
Thrush, 18; Flicker, 3; Louisiana Water Thrush, 2; Wilson Thrush,
2: White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Turkey Vulture, 50; Bob-white, 2;
Chimney Swift, 9; Bluebird, 6; Red-winged Blackbird, 2; Purple
Martin, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Loggerhead Shrike, 1; Sharp-
shinned Hawk, 1; Orchard Oriole, 3; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Yellow-
bellied Flycatcher, 1; Song Sparrow, 6; Bank Swallow, 2; Blue
Grosbeak, 4; Least Flycatcher, 2; Rough-winged Swallow, 8; Spot-

Jones on Suggestions for Bird Study. 61

ted Sandpiper, 1; Green Heron, 1; Yellow-legs, 1; Kingfnsher, 1;
Baltimore Oriole, 3; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; White-throated Spar-
row, 1; White-crowned Sparrow, 1; Hermit Thrush, 2; Ruby-
throated Hummer, 1; Blue Jay, 3; Barn Swallow, 1; Broad-winged
Hawk, 1; Cowbird, 4; Purple Grackle, 2; Whippoorwill, 2; Black-
burnian Warbler, 11; Cerulean Warbler, 2; Scarlet Tanager, 10.

SOME FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR BIRD STUDY.

BY LYNDS JONES.

We may keep plainly in view two main objects of "All
Day " studies, such as Christmas, New Year, May, and July.
The first object, as it lies in the writer's mind, is to stimulate
interest in outdoor studies. The second is to determine, as far
as possible, what birds inhabit the given region at the time of
the study. The first object is certainly a worthy one, and the
second is the beginning of the carefully prepared local list. It
is the oft repeated and firm conviction of the writer that a
conservative local list, whether it cover but a small area sur-
rounding some village, or more ambitious, covers a whole
county, is one of the most valuable helps for the beginner in
bird study. It reduces the liability to gross mistakes in the
almost universal expectation, shall I say, of the marvelous in
bird life. If the local list is prepared by some person who
knows what birds should be found in that locality a list of the
species which have not been found up to the preparation of the
list, but which should be found there may well be appended.
Such a list is certain to stimulate interest in the local study.
Who shall be first to add one and another of these species to
the real list? These points have all along been given more
emphasis than any others because it has been assumed that
most of the members of The Wilson Ornithological Club have
not yet attained to the degree of knowledge where special
studies can profitably be undertaken. There are, however, not
a few members who are capable and ready to undertake special
work, and it is to such persons that I wish to speak further.

There is a great deal of work that needs to be done before
we know anywhere near all about the birds, some of it out of
reach of the average person who knows birds well, some of it
within the reach of every person. Mention has many times

62 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 51.

been made oi the need for more extensive and more exact
knowledge of the breeding habits of the birds. The nest
location, nest material (of what sort and where obtained),
how the nest is made, by both or only one parent; the possi-
bility that two pairs of birds unite in one nest, particularly
among the more gregarious species; the relation of the nest
constructii n to season and weather; the time in building; the
real office it performs in the act of breeding for parents, eggs
and young.

There is a whole chapter in the " story of the birds " in the
eggs. Who will write that chapter? Some of us may be
strongly inclined to the oological side of bird study. If so
here is a nearly untrodden field. It is for you. if you fee!
this tendency, to bring' forward a new oology.

A little aside from the subject of oology proper is the em-
bryology of nearly all of our native birds. The concern here
is rather with the late than with the earlier stages of incu-
bation. At what time do the first suggestions of the future
feathers appears as little papillae on the skin surface ? The 5th
day of incubation will probably be found the earliest date,
lb w rapidly do these papillae grow? What is their condition
at hatching? When do the true feathers begin to appear be-
neath the skin and at the lower end of the down? How are
thtse feathers arranged on the body? What is their rate of
growth ? How does their rate of growth correspond to the
growth of the voting bird? Why is down first followed by
feathers? What is the relation of the color pattern of the nest-
ling or downy young to the nest and other environment ?
What is the relation of the color pattern of the downy young
to the first feather plumage, and of the first feather plumage
to succeeding ones? Just here lies the secret to the develop-
ment of the color patterns because we have given almost no
attention to the downy young and to the earliest stages of the
first feather plumage. It is a very enticing field for the orig-
inal worker.

Coming to the adult birds, we don't begin to know yet all
about their geographical distribution and migrations. The
winter distribution and the spring migrations are compara-
tivelv easv and fairlv well known, because at these times peo-

Jones on Suggestions for Bird Study. Go

pie feel the inspiration to get out for actual field study. We
are also coming" to know something about the autumn migra-
tions, but even yet far too little in a particular way. The
fall migrations are not so easy to study, and the inducements
to it are less enticing, and the difficulties greatly increased for
most of us. One must become familiar with the least conspic-
uous plumages to know what birds he finds, and that is cer-
tainly not an easy task, but it can be accomplished. The time
of year which has been the most neglected is the summer sea-
son. There are two main objects for the summer study, each
worthy and each equally important. The first and most evi-
dent one is to determine exactly the breeding area of that
species. The second reason is to determine the time when the
southward migration actually begins. We need to know this
as accurately as we know the time of the beginning of the
northward migration before we can assume that we know
much about it. There are a great many questions about the
southward migration that need a conclusive answer, but the
data must first be gathered.

Let no one suppose that he can do nothing with these sug-
gestions because he cannot attempt something with all of
them. One minor point under one of the minor heads is
worth earnest effort and will repay anyone who has the cour-
age and enterprise to undertake the study. Let those of us
who can undertake some of these more particular studies,
while those who cannot, for whatever reason, do what they
can in their own localities.

TWO GOOSE RECORDS FROM OHIO.

W. F. HENNINGER.

On the morning of March 24, 1905, one of the proprietors
of the Empire Hotel here at Tiffin shot two wild geese on the
Sandusky River, one and one-half miles south of the city.
Thanks to the persistent efforts and tireless energy of Mr.
Karl J. Heilmann, I was able to secure the skins on condition of
returning the meat to the hunter, to which I gladly consented.
One of them was a fine old male of the Blue Goose (Chen
cccrulesccns). Measurements: Extent, 168 ctm. ; bill, 6 ctm.;

64 The Wilson* Bulletin — No. 51

wing, is ctm. ; tail, 20 ctm. ; tarsus, 8 ctm. ; length without
bill. 80 ctm. Weight. lV/2 lbs.

The books say the bill of this species is entirely purplish
red in life, but the bill of this specimen was of a straw yellow,
the purplish red being confined to two stripes parallel to the
culmen. The other species was a male of the Hutchins Goose
{Brant a canadensis hittcJiinsii) : Measurements: Extent, 153
ctm. : bill. 5 ctm. : tarsus, TJ/? ctm. ; wing, 43 ctm. ; tail,
16>4 ctm. (14 tail-feathers) ; length, without bill. 78 ctm.
Weight. 5-)41t)s. Both specimens are now in my collection.
The Hutchins Goose is to my knowledge the first Ohio speci-
men preserved in one of the collections of the state. It is in-
deed a streak of good luck to secure two such rareties in one
dav.

ADDITIONS TO THE BIRDS OF OHIO.

LYNDS JONES.

Anhinga anhinga. — Anhinga. Mr. C. H. Morris informs
me that a specimen of this southern species was taken in the
Muskingum river at Lowell, Ohio, in Morgan county, in No-
vember, 1885, by a Mr. Davis. The specimen, was mounted
by Mr. Davis and is now in his private collection. Mr. Morris
photographed the specimen and sent a print to me. At the
time of writing this note particulars are wanting, but they will
be ascertained and announced later. This species should be
added to the list of Accidental Birds of Ohio.

Milvulus forficatas. — Scissor-tailed Flycatcher. Robert Mc-
Crory, Esq.. reports a specimen of this southwestern species
at Marysville, Ohio, the last of May, 1003. A careful descrip-
tion and sketch sent with the announcement seem to leave no
doubt of the authenticity of this identification. Pariculars are
lacking at this writing, but will be forthcoming for the next
issue of the Bulletin. This, if corroborated, is the second oc-
currence for this bird in Ohio.

THE WILSON BULLETIN.

A Quarterly Magazine Devoted to the Study of Living Birds.
Official Organ of the Wilaon Ornithological Club.

Edited by LYNDS JONES.

PUBLISHED BY THE CLUB, AT OBERLIX, OHIO.

Price in the United States, Canada and Mexico, 50 cents a year, 15 cents a number, postpaid
Price in all countries in the International Postal Union, 65 cents a year, 20 cents a number.
Subscriptions may be sent to Lynds Jones Oberlin, Ohio, or to Mr. Frank L. Burns, Ber-
wyn, Penn., or to Mr. John \V. Daniel, Jr., Washington, D. C.

EDITORIAL.

More and more local lists of birds are being called for by teach-
ers and others who are either trying to interest others in bird
study, or who are beginning that study themselves. The Wilson
Bulletin always welcomes local lists which have the marks of care-
ful preparation. If authors of such lists desire separates of their
lists, arrangements for such separates should be arranged for be-
fore the type is thrown down.

For a summer "All Day" we suggest Saturday, July 1st. Such
a day will be well within the summer season when no southward
movement will likely have begun anywhere within the United
States, and will avoid the objection which has been felt to the
4th, when some people wish to celebrate in the good old fashion.
It will also give a glimpse of the summer population of your re-
gion. All such lists which are sent to the editor will be put into
tabular arrangement for the September Bulletin.

The half tones which appear in this number are from photo-
graphs taken in the vicinity of Woods Hole, Mass.

To the many kindly inquiries regarding the line of the editor's
study while he was at the University of Chicago he wishes to say
that it was specifically a careful study of the development of the
first down and the relation of that down to the first feather, a
feather always following a down and pushing the down out upon
its tip. Some may be interested to know that the recall from Chi-
cago to take up the work of Professor Albert A. Wright, who died
suddenly on April 3, has not made necessary the complete cessa-
tion of the University work. The editor has reasonable hope of
being able to complete the work begun before the summer.

iit'» The Wilson Bulletin — No. 51.

GENERAL NOTES.

Some Nesting Sites of the Hairy Woodpecker (Dryobates vil-
losus. — According to my experience the Hairy Woodpecker is not
a common breeder in this county, the majority of birds noted dur-
ing the period of nidification being transitory, as many a time I
have followed a bird to the woodland margin and seen it launch
forth, bound for some distant piece of timber. The four nesting
sites I have noted were in thick woods and discovered when least
expected.

Site 1. P. C. G18, Grosse Pointe Twp., June 11, 1899.— Excava-
tion in trunk of very large barkless dead elm about 50 feet above
ground and 20 below first limb. My attention was directed to it
by watching the birds conveying food. The clamor of the young
could be distinctly heard.

Site 2. Section 31, Nankin Twp., May 6, 1900.— Excavation in
trunk of dead beech 55 feet up and just under large limb. Con-
tained four slightly incubated eggs. Depth of cavity, eight inches.
Was located April 22. by watching the birds.

Site 3. Section 3, Van Buren Twp., May 17, 1903. — Excavation
in poplar stub about fifteen feet above ground in thick second
growth containing many dead trees and stubs. Young responded
in joyous chorus to knock upon stub base.

Site 4. Section 11. Brownstown Twp., May 23. 1903.— Total
height of beech about 40 feet and only the upper three feet of it
dead. Excavation near center of dead portion. Young noisy and
could be heard for a considerable distance whenever parents ap-
proached with food. Frequently protruded their heads from cavity
and were apparently about ready to leave nest. Parents very so-
licitous and fearless. J. Claire Wood.

Wayne Co., Mich.

Rubt-ceowxed Kinglet i\ WiMER. — On February 16. on the Ohio
State University campus. I observed a Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Reg-
ulus calendula) in a flock of about one hundred Golden crowned
Kinglet^ (Regulus satrapa). While the specimen was not secured
I am convinced that the bird was calendula. I am fairly familiar
with this brid as an April and October migrant: and further, I
was able to contrast it directly. Zend Metcalf.

The Dickcissel (Spiza americana) i\ Wayxe Co., Mich. — The
Dickcis^el is a rare summer resident in Wayne county. This asser-
tion, as to its rarity, is based upon the fact that while business and
pleasure takes me into various sections of the county every sum-
mer, I have met with it during two years only, and furthermore.
no one else has observed it here so far as I know.

The first bird was singing from the top of an elm sapling on the
margin of a dense bush land divided by a swale of marsh grass

General Notes. 67

and rushes in Private Claim 50, Ecorse Twp. This was in May,
1899, and the bird was seen on several subsequent visits. On July
30th, of the same year, I discovered a colony of about 15 pairs on
P. C. 405, Village of Delray, and about a mile from the other lo-
cality. They had taken possession of some ten acres of neglected
land, covered mostly with thick weeds, but there was a mud flat in
one portion fringed with rushes. This field is surrounded by fac-
tory buildings, railroad tracks and the River Rouge. I secured a
male, but, despite protest, my companion collected four males and
two females, saying the birds were rare and we might not get an-
other chance. I found an empty nest, probably of this species,
fastened to the weeds about a foot above the ground. While ex-
amining it I noticed a motion of the weed tops a few feet away and
investigation discovered a young Dickcissel not yet able to fly. No
birds have since been seen in the two above localities.

The next bird was perched upon a wire fence between two mead-
ows in Section 19.Monguagon Twp.. about the middle of May, 1904,
and the last seen was a male and female on July 20th, in the bushes
along a fence between a corn and clover field on P. C. 26, Village
of Fairview. J. Claire Wood.

Some Spring Recoeds from the Vicinity of New York Citv. — Cen-
tral Park, March 5. — 150 Snowflakes remained about a week.

March 7. — 3 American Crossbills.

March 26. — 1 Mourning Dove.

May 8. — 13 Bay-breasted Warblers.

May 10. — 1 fem?le Blue-gray Gnatcatcher.

Leonia, N. J.. March 25. — 1 Baldpate.

May 6.-2 Tufted Titmice.

Vicinity of Englewood, N. J.. May 13. — 1 Brewster's Warbler
(Helminthophila leucohronchialis) observed in an elm tree by the
road eating the fruit. Carleton Schaller.

New York City.

BOOK REVIEWS.

Gleanings No. IV. Seme Nrtes en the Summer Birds cf Mo-
nongahela Co., W. Vs. By J. Warren Jacobs.

We are always pleased to receive these Gleanings from time to
time, not alone because they possess intrinsic worth, but because
they illustrate in an unmistakable way one persons lively interest
in what the birds about him are doing. The observations made
on two short trips introduce us to some of the features of a re-
gion all too little known. We trust that Mr. Jacobs may yet find
time to thoroughly work this territory. L. J.

68 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 51.

Bird Study in the Rural School. Normal School Bulletin, No.
12, April 1, 1905. By Thomas L. Hankinson, B.S.

In ten pages Professor Hankinson has discussed in a pleasant
manner the possibilties of bird study without either museum or
collection or teacher, and has clearly shown that there are no in-
surmountable difficulties. The writer has a very tender memory
of the rural school, for it was there that his early education was
wholly obtained. There, too, all of his early experiences in bird
study were cast. If he still sighs for the old times and scenes
who shall say him nay! We cannot but envy the rural teacher
and scholar their unrivalled opportunities for bird study at first
hand. L. J.

The Mammal and Bird Fauna of Beaver County, Pennsylvania.
By W. E. Clyde Todd. (Reprinted from History of Beaver County,
Pennsylvania, at its Centennial Celebration.)

Some pertinent remarks upon the past fauna and the influence
of settlement upon that fauna, and remarks relating to the zoo-
geographic position of Beaver County, are followed by an anno-
tated list of 30 mammals and 178 birds. We welcome it as a fur-
ther contribution to faunal literature. L. J.

The Origin of the Kirtland's Warbler. By P. A. Taverner.
From the Ontario Natural Science Bulletin, No. 1, April 15, 1905.

The conclusion of this interesting paper may be given in the
author's own words. "It seems probable, then, from our present
knowledge, that Kirtland's Warbler is what remains of a once
far more widely distributed species wintering along the Gulf States
and spread from thence to the Bahama Islands. . . . The breeding
grounds then likely covered the greater part of the Alleghanian
Transition Zone." L- J-

The Ontario Natural Science Bulletin comes to us as an entirely
new 48 page claimant for attention, under the able editorship of
Mr. A. B. Klug. The first number contains about 28 pages of in-
terest to bird students, and in all respects gives promise of being
a valuable addition to the literature of natural science. The edit-
or's list of 197 Wellington County birds, and his migration tables
are worthy of special notice. We wish this new venture into the
field of scientific literature every success. L. J.

The Warbler, in its new form and cover, steps into the ranks of
bird magazines with the apparent purpose of presenting a series
of accurate colored pictures of rare eggs and photographs of nests
and eggs and nesting sites, and if the first two numbers are an
indication of the future policy, to giving fuller accounts of birds
in particular localities than most magazines seem to be willing to

Book Reviews. 69

give room for. It is well printed and its arrangement is good.
Mr. John Lewis Childs, the editor, is to be congratulated upon the
change from the first series. L. J.

With the first number of Volume VII., The Journal of the Maine
Ornithological Society makes larger claims for our attention, in a
new cover design, better paper, better print, and an increased
number of pages. We are pleased to note that the Maine orni-
thologists are making good progress in bringing the state bird
fauna upon a firm basis. It is inevitable that a state so old and
so much written about should have amassed a great deal of ques-
tionable authenticity, particularly among the earlier writers. It
is far more difficult to remove a species from a state list than to
place one upon it. L. J.

It will be a source of pleasure to all bird lovers to know that Mr.
Frank Chapman is preparing a complete revision of his admirable
Handbook of the Birds of Eastern North America. It would have
been ready ere this but for the delay of the committee having in
charge another revision of the birds of North America. Changes
have been so rapid and so radical these last few years, that an
author always runs the risk of finding his work obsolete so far
as the nomenclature is concerned, almost before the ink is dry.
We hope for a fairly stable nomenclature. L. J.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

Amateur Sportsman, Vol. XXXII, Nos. 4, 5, 6.

American Ornithology, Vol. V, Nos. 3, 4, 5.

Bird-Lore, Vol. VII, No. 2.

Boys and Girls, Vol. IV, Nos. 3, 4, 5.

Bulletin No. 20, U. S. Dep't Agri. Biol. Survey. Coyotes in their
Economic Relations. By David E. Lantz.

Bulletins 119, 120 120, 121, 122, University of Wisconsin Agricul-
tural Experiment Station.

Bulletin 70, Pennsylvania State College Agriculture Experiment
Station.

Colorado College Studies, Science Series. Vol. XI, Nos. 39-41.

Condor, The, Vol. VII, Nos. 2, 3.

Journal of the Maine Ornithological Society, The, Vol. VII, No. I.

Maine Sportsman, Vol. XII, Nos. 138, 139, 140.

Mitteilungen uber die Vogelwelt, Vol. IV, No. 7.

Naturaliste Canadian, Le, Vol. XXXII, Nos. 2, 3, 4.

Ohio Naturalist, The Vol. V, Nos. 4, 5, 6.

Ontario Natural Science Bulletin, The, Vol. I, No. 1.

Ornithologische Monatschrift, Vol. XXX, Nos. 2, 3.

Warbler, The, Vol. I. Nos. 1, 2.

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THE

WILSON BULLETIN

NO. 52.

A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY

VOL. XVII. SEPTEMBER, 1905. No. 3

BIRD MIGRATION AT OBERLIN, OHIO.

BY ROBT L. BAIRD.

In The Wilson Bulletin No. 40. September, 1902, an article
upon "The Spring Migration of 1901, With an Average Table
for Lorain County, Ohio," occurs under the writer's name.
The presnt article has to do with the southward as well as with
the northward migration, attempting to give the whole annual
movement of the migratory birds. The former table of migra-
tions was based upon a relatively few records, while the pres-
ent one has for its basis all of the records made in the region
of Oberlin for the past ten years.

For the greatest number of records I am indebted to Pro-
fessor Lvnds Jones, whose field studies have been so exten-
sive about Oberlin. For many records I wish to express my
thanks to Messrs. S. D. Morrill, D. F. Nye, and H. H. Skin-
ner, who have shown great interest in the work and frequently
accompanied us on trips. A large number of records are from
my own note-bocks. Practically all of the records are from
were made bv myself, in the absence of Professor Jones.

It must be borne in mind that the dates given are for migra-
ing birds. Several species which are listed among the mi-
grants are represented all the year by a few individuals, while
some which are given as passing north of this region to breed,
and returning south of it to spend the winter, are represented
all winter by a few individuals. Species belonging to both
classes will be found mentioned in the appropriate places.
Those persons who take the trouble to compare this series of

76

The Wilson Bulletin — No. 52.

lists with that published in L902 will discover sonic differences
in the times of arrival from the south of several species. This
difference is accounted for by the much greater number of
records from which this list is made.

ARRIVAL

Feb. 15-Mar. 1

March 1-10

March 10-20

March 20-31

SPR] NG M [GRATION.

American Crow-
American Robin
Bluebird
Black Duck
Canada Goose
Killdeer

Broad-winged Hawk
Sparrow Hawk
Northern Flicker
Red-winged Blackbird
Meadowlark
Bronzed Crackle
Song Sparrow
Red-breasted Merganser
Baldpate
Pintail

American Golden-eye
American Woodcock
Mourning Dove
Marsh Hawk
Cowbird
Rusty Blackbird
Field Sparrow
Fox Sparrow
Towhee

Migrant Shrike
American Merganser
Mallard

Greater Scaup Duck
Lesser Scaup Duck
American Coot
Wilson Siiipe
Turkey Vulture
Cooper Hawk
Belted Kingfisher
Phcebo

Chipping Sparrow
Swamp Sparrow
Brown Creeper

DEPARTURE

November 1
November 15
November 15
April 1
March 25
November 15

Oct. 15-Nov. 15
Oct. 15-Nov. 15
November 1
November 1
November 1
Oct. 10-Oct. 21
April 25-May 10
April 25
April 5
March 28

October 25

Novemher 1
May 1-10
October 15-25
April 25
October 25
October 31
May 1
March 28
May 20
May 20
May 5
May 15
October 11

November 1
October 15
October 1-10
October 1-10
May 7

Bird Migration at Oberlin, Ohio.

77

April 1-10

April 10-20

April 20-30

Hermit Thrush
Great Blue Heron
Pied-billed Grebe
Hooded Merganser
Buffle-head
Pectoral Sandpiper
Vesper Sparrow
Purple Martin
Barn Swallow
Louisiana Water-Thrush
American Pipit
Brown Thrasher
Golden-crowned Kinglet
American Bittern
Horned Grebe
Bonaparte Gull
Ruddy Duck
Greater Yellow-legs
Bartramian Sandpiper
Spotted Sandpiper
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
Chimney Swift
White-throated Sparrow
Ruby-crowned Kinglet

Loon

Least Bittern

Green Heron

Solitary Sandpiper

Yellow-legs

American Osprey

Red-headed Woodpecker

Kingbird

Crested Flycatcher

Least Flycatcher

Bobolink

Baltimore Oriole

Savanna Sparrow

Grasshopper Sparrow

Lark Sparrow

White-crowned Sparrow

Cliff Swallow

Rough-winged Swallow

Red-eyed Vireo

Warbling Vireo

Yollow-throated Vireo

Blue-headed Vireo

May 5

September 30
May 10
April 25
May i
May i
November i
Aug. 15-Sept. 5
September 10-20
September 10
May 20
October 1
May 1

September 15
April 28
May 20
May 10
May 15
September 5
October 15
May 10-20
October 10-20
May 10-20
May 15

September 10
November 15
September 10
May 15
May 7

September 25
September 15
September 15
May 25
October 1
September 5
May 12
September 11
September 5
May 10-20
September 10-20
September 10-20
September 10-30
September 15
September 15
May 15

Black and White Warbler September 20

>

The Wilson Bulletin — No. 52.

May 1-5 —

May 5-10

Blue-winged Warbler
Nashville Warbler
Yellow Warbler
Myrtle Warbler
Blk-thro' tdGreenWarbler
Palm Warbler
Oven-bird

Northern Yellow-throat
American Bedstart
Ca bird
House Wren

Long-billed Marsh Wren
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher
Wood Thrush
Wilson Thrush
Olive-backed Thrush
Virginia Rail
Sora

Whippoorwill
Orchard Oriole
Lincoln Sparrow
Rose-breasted Grosbeak
Indigo Bunting-
Scarlet Tanager
Orange-crowned Warbler
Northern Parula Warbler
Blk-thro'td Blue Warbler
Magnolia Warbler
Cerulean Warbler
Chestnut-sided Warbler
Blackburnian Warbler
Pine Warbler
Water-Thrush
Kentucky Warbler
Yellow-breasted Chat
Winter Wren
Gray-cheeked Thrush
Common Tern
King Rail

Black-billed Cuckoo
Nighthawk

Ruby-thro'td Hum'ngbird
Wood Pewee

Green-crested Flycatcher
Dickcissel

Prothonotary Warbler
Brewster Warbler

September 5
May 25
September 10
May 20
May 25
May 13
September 20
September 20
September 15
October 1
September 25
September 10
August 25
September 20
September 10
May 25
September 5
September 5

August 15
May 25
August 20
Sept. 25-Oct. 5
September 20
May 20
May 15
May 25
May 25
September 15
May 25
May 25
May 13
May 25
May 25
September 10
May 15
May 25
September 20
September 5
September 25
September 20
September 10
September 25
September 15

May 15

Bird Migration at Oberlin, Ohio.

79

May 10-15

May 15

Golden- winged Warbler
Tennessee Warbler
Bay-breasted Warbler
Black-poll Warbler
Kirtland Warbler
Prairie Warbler
Hooded Warbler
Wilson Warbler
Canadian Warbler
Black Tern
Least Sandpiper
Yellow-billed Cuckoo
Traill Flycatcher
Cape May Warbler
Connecticut Warbler
Mourning Warbler
Turnstone
Yellow Palm Warbler

May 25

May 23

May 30

May 11

May 15

May 25

May 30

May 25

September 10-25

May 20

September 25

August 25

May 20

May 25

May 25

May 31

May 25

FALL MIGRATION".

ARRIVAL,

September 1-5

September 15-30

Pied -billed Grebe
Herring Gull
Bonaparte Gull
Greater Yellow-legs
Turnstone
Blue-beaded Vireo
Nashville Warbler
BIk-thro'td Blue Warbler
Blk-thro'td GreenWarbler
Magnolia Warbler
Chestnut-sided Warbler
Water-Thrush
Red-breasted Nuthatch
Winter Wren
Olive-backed Thrush
Pintail

American Coot
Purple Finch
White crowned Sparrow
White-throated Sparrow
Tennessee Warbler
Myrtle Warbler
Palm Warbler
Golden-crowned Kinglet
Ruby-crowned Kinglet

DEPARTURE

October 25
May 20-30
September 10-20
October 15
September 10-20
September 10-20
October 15
October 1
October 5
September 25
September 10-20
Sf ptember 10-20
May 20
May 15-20
October 20

October 20
May 1-10
October 10
November 10
September 25
November 1
October 1
May 1
October 25

80

The Wilson Bulletin — No. 52.

October 1-15 Horned Grebe November 25

Mallard December 1
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker October 10-20

State-colored Junco April 20-30

Fox Sparrow November 15

Brown Creeper April 30

Hermit Thrush October 25

October 15-30 Loon October 20-30

Black Duck November 20-30

American Golden-eye November 20

Ruddy Duck November 15

Wilson Snipe October 20-30

Yellow-legs October 20-30

Tree Sparrow April 20-30

November 1-30 American Merganser December 20

Hooded Merganser November 20-30

Greater Scaup Duck Nov. 25-Dec. 10

Bufflebead November 25-30

Horned Lark March 1-15

Lapland Longspur April 10-20

Northern Shrike March 1-10

December 1— Red-breasted Merganser April 25-May 10

Snowflake . March 1-15

WINTER RESIDENTS.

Herring Gull.

American Merganser (few).

Red-breasted Merganser (few).

Old Squaw.

American Rough-legged Hawk.

Golden Eagle.

Snowy Owl (rare).

Horned Lark.

Hoyt Horned Lark.

Canadian Pine Grosbeak.

Purple Finch.
Redpoll (rare).
Pine Siskin (rare).
Snowflake.
Lapland Longspur.
Tree Sparrow.
Slate-colored Junco.
Northern Shrike.
Brown Creeper.
Golden-crowned Kinglet.

PERMANENT RESIDENTS.

The Ruffled Cn use, which I include in this list. is. I think,
extinct in this county. The last records 1 have of it are in
L899, March 11, 18, April 15, and May 8.

A pair of Pileated Woodpeckers have been all year a few
miles east of Wellington, this county, and they have nested
there.

Ruffled Grouse (extinct).
Bob-white.

Northern Flicker.
Blue Jay.

Bird [Migration at Oberlix, Ohio.

81

Mourning Dove.
Red-tailed Hawk.
Sharp-shinned Hawk.
Sparrow Hawk (few).
Pigeon Hawk.
Bald Eagle.
Long-eared Owl.
Barred Owl.
Screech Owl.
Great Horned Owl.
Belted Kingfisher (few) .
Hairy Woodpecker.
Downy Woodpecker.
Pileated Woodpecker.
Red-headed Woodpecker (few).
Red-bellied Woodpecker.

American Crow (few).
Prairie Horned Lark.
Meadowlark (few).
American Goldfinch.
Vesper Sparrow (rare).
Song Sparrow.
Towhee (few).
Cardinal.
Cedar Waxwing.
Carolina Wren.
White-breasted Nuthatch.
Tufted Titmouse.
Chickadee.

Hermit Thrush (rare).
American Robin (few).
Bluebird (few).

The following notes will aid in understanding the list :

Honied Grebe. — Rarely seen in winter.

Herring Gull. — May well he classed as a winter resident. At
least they are commonly found about Lake Erie until that
freezes solidly; then they are found frequently about the har-
bor at Lorain.

Black Tern. — So far as I know, this bird does not nest in Lo-
rain county. It is a summer resident, however, in this latitude,
nesting commonly in the marshes just west of this county,
about Sandusky.

American Merganser. — Was found January 1. 1901, at Lake
Erie, and a number of other times in the winter. It seems
commonly to remain as long as there is open water. Often
found in pairs at this time. During the spring individuals visit
the waterworks reservoir in the village of ( )berlin.

Black Duck. — Also found occasionally in winter when there
is open water. Since 1903 the common species here has been
regarded as the Red-legged Black Duck.

Great Blue Heron. — The dates of this bird's arrival are, I
am sure, much earlier than the most of those we have recorded.
The main rivers of Lorain county are several miles distant on
either side of Oberlin, hence we cannot visit these as frequent-
ly as we should.

Lesser Scaup Duck. — A few pairs remain to breed in the
vicinity of Oberlin.

82 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 52.

King Rail. — It has not been found nesting in the county, but
undoubtedly would if suitable nesting places were to be found.
It nests abundantly on Middle Bass Island.

Virginia Rail. — The record for May 22, 1897, is for nest
and eggs showing that the bird must have been here two weeks
or more earlier, though net seen.

American Woodcock. — In 1901 this bird was not found until
April 19, when it was discovered with young. Hence its ar-
rival was probably a month earlier.

Solitary Sandpiper. — I feel sure this bird must nest in the
county, but it seems to disappear almost completely after the
middle of May to reappear in July and August.

Broad-winged Hawk. — Was reported in 11)0:5. Jan. 1 and
<;. and March 13. I think this hawk is regularly a migrant,
but a few may remain. Sometimes a good many are seen dur-
ing migration.

Cooper Hawk. — The status of this bird is uncertain. A few
winter here.

Golden Eagle. — Visits the shores of Lake Erie in the win-
ter. Six or eight were seen February 8, 1904, perching on the
blocks of ice out near open water.

Sparrow Hawk. — A few spend the winter, frequently com-
ing into town at that time. In the winter I have found them
eating English Sparrows in town.

Belted Kingfisher. — Will sometimes spend the winter if there
is open water. Were found January 6, 1903. This last winter,
1904-5. they were found about both Vermilion and Black
rivers.

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. — This bird is mainly a migrant
here, but I have two or three records of their nests being found.
A nest with the birds was found July 1, 1901, at Chance
Creek. Birds were found here July 14. 1897.

Least Flycatcher. — I have no record for this bird or its nest
being found in the summer.

Cowbird. — I am sure the fall records for this and the Red-
winged Blackbird can be made much later if other parts of the
county are visited. In French Creek and Black River valleys,
fifteen miles northeast of Oberlin, they were common in No-
vember, 1904.

Bird Migration at Oberlin, Ohio. 83

Canadian Pine Grosbeak. — A rare winter visitor.

Purple Finch. — A winter resident, but seemingly more
abundant in the spring-. I can give no very regular dates when
they seem to be more numerous than usual. The records are
scattering ones from January to May.

White-tvingcd Crossbill. — Very rare. Only found in 1902.
Both records were at the same locality.

American Crossbill — Very erratic in migrations. There
was another record in 1898 by W. L. Dawson, but I have not
the exact date.

Pine Siskin. — In 1902 was found first, January 7, and occa-
sionally later, until May 13.

Vesper Sparrow. — In winter of 1903-4 a Vesper Sparrow
wintered in the northern part of the county. This is the only
record I have of this species doing this.

T\cwhee. — This bird has wintered the last two years at
Chance Creek, ten miles northwest of Oberlin.

Cardinal. — There is some movement among the Cardinals
some years. In 1899 it was very marked, but as a rule the
Cardinals seem more abundant in the winter. They are found
here fairly -commonly the year round.

Brown Creeper. — A fairly common winter resident, yet it
seems to have a pretty regular migration season when it is
more abundant.

Golden-croivned Kinglet. — A common winter resident, but
far more abundant during migration. Its migration reaches
its height about as that of the warblers begins.

Hermit Thrush. — One winter record, that of Dec. 4, 1903.

Black-throated Green Warbler. — An occasional pair nests in
the countv.

$4 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 52.

TWO BIRD DAN'S NEAR WASHINGTON, D. C.

i:v HARRY C. OBERHOLSER.

The vicinity of the city of Washington is relatively not a very
good place for birds, even during seasons of migration. So
far as we are aware, never more than s:> species have ever been
noted here in a single day, and this exceptional record was
made, of course, during the spring migration. The following
lists, therefore, composed almost entirely of breeding birds,
appear to be possibly worthy of publication, as an index of what
is to be seen in this vicinity in summer.

On the first of these days, May 26th, 1905, observation was
continued from 1 :30 a. m. to 8:00 p. m. ; and the route lay
from the city eight or nine miles by water up the narrow,
shallow, Anacostia river to beyond Bladensburg, well-known as
a deep water port a hundred years ago, but now far beyond tin
reach of navigation except in small boats. The return was
made over the same route. The parks of the city with the
marshes, swamps, wooded banks, pastures, and fields along the
stream furnish a desirable variety of country for ornithological
investigations, and on this occasion 59 species were noted,
of which all but two — the American Merganser and the Black-
poll Warbler — must be regarded as summer residents.

Following is the list :

Merganser americanus. — American Merganser. One seen on
the river.

Butorides virescens. — Green Heron. Common.

Nycticorax nycticorax naevius. — Black-crowned Night Heron.
Common.

Actitis macularia. — Spotted Sandpiper. A few seen.

Zenaidura macroura. — Mourning Dove. One seen.

Cathartes aura septentrionalis. — Turkey Vulture. Common.

Buteo lineatus. — Red-shouldered Hawk. One observed.

Pandion haliaetus carolinensis. — Fish Hawk. One seen.

Ceryle alcyon. — Belted Kingfisher. One seen.
Dryobates pubescens medianus. — Downy Woodpecker. Tol-
erably common.

Colaptes auratus luteus. — Flicker. Common.

Two Bird Days Near Washington, D. C. 85

Chactura pelagica. — Chimney Swift. Common in the city.

Tyrannus tyrannus. — Kingbird. One seen.

Myiarchus crinitus. — Crested Flycatcher. Common; nest in
process of construction found.

Horizopus virens. — Wood Pewee. Common.

Empidonax virescens. — Green-crested Flycatcher. Common.

Cyanocitta cristata. — Blue Jay. Two heard.

Corvus brachyrhynchos. — American Crow. Tolerably com-
mon.

Corvus ossifragus. — Fish Crow. A few noted in Washington.

Agelaius phoeniceus. — Red-winged Blackbird. Common.

Sturnella magna. — Meadowlark. One heard.

Icterus spurius. — Orchard Oriole. Tolerably common.

Quiscalus quiscalus. — Purple Grackle. A few noticed in the
city.

Astragal inus tristis. — American Golfinch. Abundant.

Passer domesticus. — English Sparrow. Abundant in the city.

Spizella pusilla. — Field Sparrow. One heard.

Melospiza cinerea melodia. — Song Sparrow. Abundant.

Pipilo erythrophthalmus. — Chewink. Common.

Cardinalis cardinalis. — Cardinal. Abundant.

Cyancspiza cyanea. — Indigo Bunting. A few observed.

Prcgne subis. — Purple Martin. One observed.

Hirundo erythrogastra. — Barn Swallow. Tolerably common.

Riparia riparia. — Bank Swallow. Common.

Stelgidopteryx serripennis. — Rough-winged Swallow. Tolera-
bly ccmmon.

Ampelis cedrorum. — Cedar Waxwing. A few noted.

Vireosylva olivacea. — Red-eyed Vireo. Abundant.

Vireosylva gilva. — Warbling Vireo. One heard.

Lani vireo flavifrons. — Yellow-throated Vireo. Common.

Vireo noveboracensis. — White-eyed Vireo. Abundant.

Minotilta varia. — Black and White Warbler. Common.

Vermivora pinus. — Blue-winged Warbler. One noted.

Compsothlypis americana usneae. — Parula Warbler. A few
observed.

Dendroica aestiva. — Yellow Warbler. Tolerably common.

Dendroica striata. — Black-poll Warbler. Common.

Seiurus aurocapillus. — Oven-bird. Common.

Seiurus motacilla. — Louisiana Water-Thrush. Two observed.

Geothlypis trichas. — Maryland Yellow-throat. Common.

Icteria virens. — Yellow-breasted Chat. Common.

Setophaga ruticilla. — American Redstart. Common; nest
with sitting bird found.

Galeoscoptes carolinensis. — Catbird. Abundant.

Thryothorus ludovicianus. — Carolina Wren. Common.

Troglodytes aedon. — House Wren. One heard.

si; The Wilson Bulletin — No. 52.

Teltnatodytes palustris. — Long-billed Marsh Wren. Abund-
ant.

Baeolophus bicolor. — Tufted Titmouse. Common.

Penthes-ies carolinensis. — Carolina Chickadee. Common.
Nest with yonng noted.

Polioptila caerulea. — Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. One noted.

Hylocichla mustelina. — Wood Thrush. Common.

Merula migratoria. — American Robin. A few noted in the
city.

Sialia sialis. — Bluebird. Two observed.

( hi the second day, May :5u, 1905, the observer was in the
field from (> \'M) a. m. to 6 p. m. A ride on the electric road for
some nine miles northwest of the city on the Maryland side of
the Potomac River, brought him to Cabin John Bridge, famous
for being the second longest single stone arch in the world.
This is one of the best places for birds in the neighborhood of
Washington, and the entire day was spent in the valley of Cab-
in John Creek, along the canal which parallels the Potomac,
and in the adjacent upland fields and woods. The number of
different birds identified was 58, of which only one — the Lesser
Scaup Duck — can be considered a transient. Species in the fol-
lowing list that were not observed on May 26 are designated
by an asterisk :

*Fuligula affinis. — Lesser Scaup Duck. — One seen on the Po-
tomac River.

Actitis macularia. — Spotted Sandpiper. Tolerably common.
Cathartes aura septentrional is. — Turkey Vulture. Common.
Ceryle alcyon. — Belted Kingfisher. One seen.
Dryobates pubescens medianus. — Downy Woodpecker. Tol-
erably common.

*Melanerpes erythrocephalus. — Red-headed Woodpecker. One
observed.

Colaptes auratus luteus. — Flicker. Tolerably common.
Chaetura pelagica. — Chimney Swift. Common in the city.
*Trochilus colubris. — Ruby-throated Hummingbird. One seen.

Tyrannus tyrannus. — Kingbird. One observed.

Myiarchus crinitus. — Crested Flycatcher. A few noted.

*Sayornis phoebe. — Phoebe. Two seen.

Horizopus virens. — Wood Pewee. Common.

Empidonax virescens. — Green-crested Flycatcher. Tolerably
common.

Cyanocitta cristata. — Blue Jay. Tolerably common.

Corvus brachyrhynchos. — American Crow. A few noted.

Two Bird Days Near Washington, D. C. 87

Agelaius phceniceus. — Red-winged Blackbird. Two seen along
the river.

Icterus spurius. — Orchard Oriole. Tolerably common.

*lcterus galbula. — Baltimore Oriole. Tolerably common.

Quiscalus quiscula. — Purple Grackle. — Tolerably common in
the city.

Astragal inus tristis. — American Goldfinch. Abundant.

Passer domesticus. — English Sparrow. Common.

*Ammodramus savannarum passerinus. — Grasshopper Spar-
row. One heard.

*Spizella social is. — Chipping Sparrow. Tolerably common.

Spizella pusilla. — Field Sparrow. Common.

Melcspiza cinerea melodia. — Song Sparrow. Common.

Pipilo erythrophthalmus. — Chewink. A few observed.

Cardinalis cardinalis. — Cardinal. Abundant; nest with young
found.

Cynospiza cyanea. — Indigo Bunting. — Tolerably common.

*Piranga erythrcmelas. — -Scarlet Tanager. One seen.

*Piranga rubra. — Summer Tanager. One observed.

Progne subis. — Purple Martin. A few seen.

Stelgidopteryx serripennis. — Rough-winged Swallow. A few
noted.

Ampelis cedrorum. — Cedar Waxwing. Tolerably common.
a new nest found.

Virecsylva olivacea. — Red-eyed Vireo. Abundant; a pair
•seen building a nest.

Vireosylva gilva.— Warbling Vireo. One heard.

Lanivireo flavifrons. — Yellow-throated Vireo. Common.

Vireo noveboracensis. — White-eyed Vireo. Common.

Mniotilta varia. — Black and White Warbler. A few noted.

*Helmitheros vermivorus. — Worm-eating Warbler. One ob-
served.

Compsothlypis americana usneae. — Parula Warbler. A few
noticed.

Dendroica aestiva. — Yellow Warbler. Tolerably common in
the city.

Seiurus aurocapillus. — Oven-bird. Abundant.

Seiurus motacilla. — Louisiana Water-Thrush. Two seen, evi-
dently near their nest.

Geothlypis trichas. — Maryland Yellow-throat. Common.

Icteria virens. — Yellow-breasted Chat. Common.

Setophaga ruticilla. — American Redstart. Common; nest in
process of construction found.

Galeoscoptes carolinensis. — Catbird. Abundant.
*Toxostoma rufum. — Brown Thrasher. A few noted.

Thryothorus ludovicianus. — Carolina Wren. Tolerably com-
mon.

88

The Wilson Bulletin — No. 52.

Troglodytes aedon. — House Wren. Two noted.
*Sitta caroiinensis. — White-breasted Nuthatch. Tolerably
common.

Baaolophus bicolor. — Tufted Titmouse. Common.
Penthestes caroiinensis. — Carolina Chickadee. Tolerably
common.

Polioptila caerulea. — Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. A few noted.
Hylocichla mustelina. — Wood Thrush. Common.
Merula migratoria. — American Robin. Tolerably comm:::i.
Sialia sialis. — Bluebird. Two observed.

COMMON TERN. (Sterna hirundc.)

Nest and Eggs.

Wcepecket Id.. Mass.

Birds of Southern Ohio. 80

FURTHER NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF MIDDLE
SOUTHERN ( )HIO.

BY \V. F. HEXXIXGER.

Since publishing my list of the Birds of Middle Southern
Ohio in the Wilson Bulletin of Sept. 1902, enumerating
209 plus 1 hypothetical species I have been able to add two
new species, the Bonaparte Gull and the Red-legged Black
Duck (Wilson Bulletin, Dec. 1902, pages 133 and 131).
This spring I again spent three weeks in southern Ohio, stay-
ing in Pike county from May 17th to May 26th, and in Scioto
county from May 26th to June 3d. Most of this time I was
in the field and the result of this work was an increased knowl-
edge of many birds as well as the chance to transfer two spe-
cies from the hypothetical to the list proper. These two are
Buteo platypterus, seen several times in Scioto county and
Helmintfaj phila chrysoptera, which I met at the edge of some
wooded ravines, singing its lazy "zeezee zeezee." as a local and
not common summer resident near Bloom Switch on the B. &
O. S. W. R. R. in Scioto county. Both species had previously
been studied at Tiffin and an error was therefore excluded ;
they were not found in Pike county. The list of Middle South-
ern Ohio birds is therefore brought up to 213 plus 5 hypothet-
ical species, making a total of 218 species. There are also a
number of field notes in addition to those published in 1902,
which add to our knowledge concerning the birds of this re-
gion and they are given in connection with references to Daw-
son's and Jones' works on the birds of Ohio.

1. Aythya afhnis. — Lesser Scaup Duck.

Two males seen, one shot May 22 on a thoroughfare in the
bottoms along the Scioto River. Contents of craw and stom-
ach, fishwo'irns. Four males seen May 24th, 1905. Latest pre-
vious spring record May 14th, 1902. Dawson records but this
one date, as if I had found this duck on that date only. Here
are all the data, to avoid this in the future: Nov. 16, 1898,
male shot; April 8, 1899, May 7, 1900, March 10 till May 2,
1901, March 21 till May 14. 1902; May 24. 1905.

90 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 52.

2. Meleagris gall pavo fera. — Wild Turkey.

There is nothing at hand to substantiate the opinion ex-
pressed by Dawson and Jones, that this bird may still be found
westward from Scioto county. The Wild Turkey lias been
extinct in these counties since the Civil War. That this is the
wildest region in ( >hio will be seen again by the records 1 senl
in to Prof. Harlan E. Hall for his "Manuals of Ohio."

.'!. Elanoides forHcatus. — Swallow-tailed Kite.

While my record of this species is the last one in the state,
both Jones and Dawson overlooked one record, that one given
by ( diver Davie on page 198 of his Xvsts and Eggs (5th edit. ).
a specimen killed in ( >hio July 1", 1883.

4. Empidonax flaviventris. — Yellow-bellied Flycatcher.

A few more explicit remarks of my acquaintance with this
bird seem timely, as Dawson never met it in the state and
Jones but once. On May ?, 1897, I saw my first one in an ap-
ple orchard at South Webster, sitting on a low hanging
bough; identification was easy. May IT, 1898, in some heavy
brush under seme tall sycamores, on the Scioto River, near
Waverly. And on May 2, 1901, I shot one in a similar place
as the preceding one, though two miles farther south. The
bird flew up from the tangled brush, out of which I almost
kicked it, with the explosive note, "pshyuk," then sitting on
a higher limb called out two notes " pshui-pi." The specimen
could not be preserved. My only fall record for the state is
Tiffin. Ohio, Sept. IT, 1904.

5. Agelaius phceniceus. — Red-winged Blackbird.

Since L902 a large swamp of about twelve acres was formed
near Bloom Switch by an overflow of Hales Creek and this
has brought in great numbers of this species. On May ;>1st.
1905, I found about thirty nests with young and eggs at this
place, a phenomenal increase over the past.

<i. Agelaius phoeniceus forfis. — Thick-billed Redwing.

Tike county speciments shot in the fall months seem to be
intermediates between this and the preceding species. This is
my opinion as well as Dawson's, to whom I sent the specimens
in question, as I could not get Ridgway's book on the Birds of
Northern and Middle America.

Birds of Southern Ohio. 91

7. Otocorys alpestris praticola. — Prairie Horned Lark.
Observations of this spring prove this bird to be increasing
in 1'ike county.

S. Icterus galbula. — Baltimore Oriole.
Rapidly, increasing in Scioto county.

9. Ammodramus sdndzvichensis savanna. — It was a great
surprise to* me to hear of the rarity of this bird in Ohio in con-
trast with my experience in southern Ohio. The very first
time I met this bird in Scioto county, near South Webster,
June <|, 1897, I saw a female leading a brood of four young
along a fence. For northern Ohio I have only two records,
March 19, 190:5, and May 10. 1904, Tiffin, Ohio.

10. Coturniculus savannarum passerinus. — Grasshopper
Sparrow.

This bird is now ( 1905) beginning to come into the bottoms ;
heretofore I had found it on the upland meadows only. On
the increase.

11. Peuccea cestivalis bachmanii. — Bachmann Sparrow.

At last I have again found this bird in Scioto county, a
brood of young on May 31, 1905, near Bloom Switch, Ohio.
Having heard its song at Lynchburg, Ya., this spring and
seen it almost daily, and pronouncing it as before an excellent
song, I nevertheless differ from Dawson, who considers it the
best songster among our Xorth American sparrows. I still
prefer the Lark Sparrow, because Bachmann's Sparrow's song
is more feminine, full of pcetic reverie and lacks the virile
qualities of the Lark Sparrow's song. This is of course a
matter of personal taste and opinion.

12. Mclospiza cinerea mclodia. — Song Sparrow.

13. J'ireo gilvus. — Warbling Yireo.

Dawson is of the opinion that these species are more common
in northern than in southern Ohio during the summer, to
which I never consented. Recent work only confirming opin-
ion that the Song Sparrow is equally common in both parts of
the state. The WTarbling Vireo is even more common in south-
ern than northern Ohio, but seems to cling more to the bottom
lands, frequently the hill parts mostly in the vicinity of the
houses only.

92 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 52.

1 I. Spiza americana. — Dickcissel.

Increasing- but very slowly in Pike comity.

K>. Vireo philadelphicus. — Philadelphia Vireo.

No new records for southern Ohio, but one for northern
* )hio. May 9, 1903, a pair at Tiffin. ( )hio.

Hi. Viero noveboracensis. — White-eyed Vireo.

This bird can now he termed a rare and local summer resi-
dent in Scioto county. ( )bserved May 21 to June 3d, 1905, at
Bloom Switch and South Webster.

17. Helmitheros vermivorus. — Worm-eating Warbler.

Increase great in both Tike and. Scioto comities. Is now a
not rare summer resident in suitable localities. Male shot .\l;n
■ list. 1905, with large testicles. Song, more rattling than the
('hipping Sparrows, which it closely resembles.

is. Dendroica striata. — Black-poll Warbler.

Slvn .\ la\ 19, L905, male, Cooperville, Pike comity, hirst
spring record for southern ( )hio. Song, "tsee tsee tsee.''

19. Dendroica domiaica albilora. — Sycamore Warbler.
Four seen Abo 27, 1905, at Bloom, Scioto county. Son-.

"wit ta chip cheechee chea," last note rising suddenly.

20. Dendroica blackburnice. Blackburnian Warbler.
Common spring migrant. Song, two kinds: 1. "choo cho

choo, chiehiehro'chro'." 11. "choo wich; choo wich; choo
wich."

'.'1. Goethlypis formosa. — Kentucky Warbler.

Increasing in Pike count}-, still rather rare. Dawson's de-
scription of notes, "pe-e-oodle" repeated, reminding one of the
Carolina Wren, is the best ever given. Shot May 19, 1905, at
Jasper. Pike comity.

22. Icteria virens. — May 17, 1901 (Pike county), another
one; likewise, one on May 31, 1905, was a set of four fresh
eggs in Scioto county. What is the reason for this peculiarity
in breeding habits ?

•.'•">. Dendroica discolor. Prairie Warbler.

In 1902 I regarded the occurrence of this warbler as acci-
dental, having found but one specimen in eight years. Now i
have found him to be a not common breeder in Scioto county
only. Having studied the bird and its song thoroughly this
spring at Lynchburg. Ya. I was surprised, when suddenly I

Birds of Southern Ohio. 93

was greeted by its peculiar notes at Bloom Switch on a hill-
side covered with second growth oak scrub and stones, on a
place often hunted over in the past. There he was building a
nest, but before it was finished I had to leave. I found him
frequently there, especially on May 31st, but it takes a stout
heart to penetrate this scrub very much, for the deadly copper-
head is at home there with an occasional rattlesnake added for
special enjoyment. The song is loud, of a shrill rising nature
as if it was climbing up an ethereal ladder, and cannot be mis-
taken under any circumstances.

All told, the Bird World of southern Ohio is enriched more
and more with new forms and being but little, if ever, disturb-
ed, bids fair to remain in the future what it has been to the
writer in the past, a source of joy and delightful study for the
lover of birds as well as for the professional ornithologist.

!> 1 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 52.

THE DRUMMING < >F THE RUFFED GR< >USE.

I'.V LYNDS JONES.

Appropos of the revived discussion in regard to the manner in
which the male Ruffed Grouse produces the well known drum-
ming sounds, 1 wish to contribute some personal experiences
with this bird in my old home woods in central Iowa. Unfor-
tunately, this part of Northern Ohio, Lorain Count)-, has seen
about the last of this interesting and disappearing grouse.

The old home grove was divided into two tracts by an inter-
mittent stream with its grassy bottom. The small eastern por-
tion covered but three hills, the much larger western portion
covered eight hills, all of which radiated from a neck of the
highland scarcely one hundred yards wide, yet the semi-cir-
cumference of these eight hills, as they faced Sugar Creek to
the north and west, was fully a miie and a half. The west part
of the woods always boasted two breading pairs of Ruffed
Grouse, both of which occupied the central hills for drumming.
Their drumming places varied from year to year, but were
never near the bottoms of the ravines. Xor did I find them
upon the hill-tops, rather a little to one side of the top, gener-
ally to the right, as one faces the creek.

The woods was wholly deciduous, hardwoods predominat-
ing. In about 1850 the large timber had been almost intirely
cut off, but here and there old logs, the remains of trees some-
times five feet in diameter, lay rotting. Here and there one
of the original giants stood, overtopping the second growth for
nearly half its height. A few large boulders lay exposed on
the hill-tops. Huge stumps were numerous, most of them
well rotted. In most places the second growth was thick, with
the hazel bushes and berry vines making a dense thicket, except
where the wild plum and crab-apple thickets occurred.

In this woods the grouse could be heard drumming at al-
most any time of day, from March well toward November,
though after May the drumming was far less frequent, and
sometimes practically ceased during July and August.

As a boy I often stole near the drumming grouse, but was

The Drumming of the Ruffed Grouse. 95

too much afraid of the big noise to venture closer than to feel
the impact of the air as the bird drummed. His choice of a
drumming- place in the midst of a thicket made it impossible to
see him until within less than twenty feet. But with ripening
years fear of the noise and of the bird which could produce
such a noise, lessened, until curiosity to see the bird in the act
of drumming entirely overcame fear.

The method which I found successful in most cases was as
follows : The particular drumming place was noted when a
bird began a series ^f drummings, and a start toward it wa«
made boldly, but as the place was approached caution became
necessary. While still some hundred yards away I made no
move forward until the bird began to drum, then rushed for-
ward with as little noise as possible as long as drumming con-
tinued, stopping abruptly behind some cover when the long roll
ceased, to await the next performance When within a short
distance of the performer, no advance was made until the be-
ginning of the long roll. In this way it was usually posible to
approach within ten feet of the bird, provided some tree or
stump furnished a good cover to leeward, where his movements
could be observed closely and continuously. By this means I
have seen the bird performing on logs, on stumps, at the base
of large trees, on stones, and on the ground. I have seen them
from behind, from the front, and from the side, at distances of
ten feet and less during the whole drumming performance. I
have even captured the bird just as he was finishing the long
roll, by rushing upon him during the later part of the roll.

One may be hardly certain just what the bird does while
drumming, but some things he evidently does not do, and some
inferences may be confidently stated. In the first place, he
clearly does not strike the side of the log or stone upon which
he may be perched, or the tree or ground, with his wings. If
he did the wing strokes would certainly leave some marks.
The logs chosen are usually more or less covered with moss,
and the parts of the log where the birds perform are not worn,
but on the contrary, the moss at this place is not disturbed. It
has been stated that the sound is produced by the wings strik-
ing the sides of the body. Unless my eyes always deceaved me
this is not what the birds which i watched did, but the wings

96 Tin; Wilson BULLETIN — No. 52,

were carried well in front of the body when the blow was deliv-
ered, the bird assuming a perpendicular position while drum-
ming. Such a strong downward stroke would seem likely to
drive the bird into the air. 1 have tried to produce the sound
by striking a wing against a surface like a log or stone, and
failed to produce more than a faint echo. Striking the wing
against feathers upon a bird's body produced no better results.
Some have argued that the wings striking together would pro-
duct- the effect. 1 am not prepared to say that the wings do
not touch ; possibly they do, but feathers striking together could
hardly produce the strong concussion which the drumming is
accompanied by. When one is within twenty feet of the per-
forming bird the concussion is sufficient to force the clothing
against ones body as the discharge of a cannon does. This
concussion must be accounted for by the advocates of the theory
that the bird produces the sound by expelling air from the
lungs at the instant of the wing stroke. Does not the concus-
sion of the air forced out from between the wings by the great
force of the stroke produce the boom?

Two Weeks with the Birds in Kent, Conn.

TWO WEEKS WITH THE BIRDS IN KENT, CONN.

BY CARLETOX SCHALLER.

Kent is situated in the Litchfield hills about four hundred
feet above sea level. The surrounding hills are well wooded,
but nearly all of the virgin timber has been cut down and is
replaced by smaller trees.

A small pond about a mile below Kent was often visited.
This pond is about a quarter of a mile long and an eighth of a
mile wide. The woods at either end are flooded and the trees
are dead and decayed, forming an ideal place for Aix sponsa.
The pond is surrounded by cat-tails and rushes. There are
also a good many pond lilies. A small river (the Housatonic)
runs through the country covered by this list.

The writer wishes to thank Mr. Herbert K. Job for several
localities that he very kindly gave him.

The country having been briefly described, the following
list represents the birds observed between July 8 and 20, 1905.

1. Anas obscura. — Black Duck. One seen at the pond July 12.

2. Aix sponsa. — Wood Duck. Common at the pond.

3 Ardea herodias. — Great Blue Heron. One seen at the pond

July 13.

4. Butorides virescens. — Green Heron. Common at the pond.

5. Actitis macularia.- — Spotted Sandpiper. Several seen in var-
ious places.

6. Bonasa umbellus. — Ruffed Grouse. Common.

7. Accipter velox. — Sharp-shinned Hawk. One seen July 14.

8. Accipter cooperii. — Cooper's Hawk. One female seen July 20.

9. Buteo borealis. — Red-tailed Hawk. Several observed.

10. Ceryle alcyon. — Belted Kingfisher. Several observed at the
pond.

11. Dryobates villosus. — Hairy Woodpecker. One seen July 11.

12. Dryobates pubescens medianus. — Downy Woodpecker. Com-
mon woodpecker.

13. Colaptes auratus luteus. — Northern Flicker. Common.

14. Antrcstomus vociferus. — Whipporwill. Common.

15. Chordeiles virginianus. — Nighthawk. Quite common.

16. Chaetura pelagica. — Chimney Swift. Abundant.

17. Trochilus colubris. — Ruby-throated Hummingbird. Several
observed.

98 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 52.

18. Tyrannus tyrannus. — Kingbird. Commonest flycatcher.

19. Myiarchus crinitus. — Crested Flycatcher. One seen July 8.

20. Sayornis phcebe. — Phoebe. Common.

21. Contopus virens. — Wood Pewee. Common.

22. Empidonax minimus. — Least Flycatcher. Locally common.

23. Cyanocitta cristata. — Blue Jay. Common.

24. Corvus brachyrhynchos. — Common Crow. Common.

25. Agelaius phceniceus. — Red-winged Blackbird. Common at
the pond.

26. Sturnella magna. — Meadowlark. Several heard.

27. Icterus galbuia. — Baltimore Oriole. Several observed.

28. Passer domesticus. — Field Sparrow. Common,
village.

29. Astragalinus tristis. — American Goldfinch. Abundant.

30. Spizella socialis. — Chipping Sparrow. Common.

31. Spizella pusilla. — Field Sparrow. Common.

32. Melospiza cinerea melodia. — Song Sparrow. Common.

33. Melospiza georgiana. — Swamp Sparrow. Common at the
marshes.

34. Pipilo erythroplr'ihalmus. — Towhee. Common.

35. Zamelodia ludoviciana. — Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Common.

36. Cyanospiza cyanea. — Indigo Bunting. Abundant.

37. Piranga erythromelas. — Scarlet Tanager. Several observed.

38. Petrochelidon lunifrons. — Cliff Swallow. Locally common.

39. Hirundo erythrogastra. — Barn Swallow. Common.

40. Iridoprocne bicolor. — Tree Swallow. Several observed.

41. Ampelis cedrorum. — Cedar Waxwing. Common.

42. Vireo olivaceus. — Red-eyed Vireo. Abundant.

43. Minotilia varia. — Black and White Warbler. Common.

44. Helmitheros vermivorus. — Worm-eating Warbler. Two adiults
and three young were observed July 11 on the slope of a hill. One
was seen gleaning along the limbs of a tree and the others re-
mained about two feet from the ground. The birds were observed
for some time and some very good views were obtained.

45. Helminthophila chrysoptera. — Golden-winged Warbler. One
observed July 10.

46. Dendroica aestiva. — Yellow Warbler. Common.

47. Dendroica pensylvanica. — Chestnut-sided Warbler. Common.

48. Seiurus aurocapillus. — Oven-bird. Commonest Warbler.

49. Seiurus motacilla. — Louisiana Water-Thrush. One seen at
the pond July 14.

50. Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla. — Northern Yellow-throat
Several observed.

51. Wilsonia canadensis. — Canadian Warbler. Several observed.

52. Setophaga ruticilla. — Redstart. Common.

53. Galeoscoptes carolinensis. — Catbird. Common.

54. Toxostoma rufum. — Brown Thrasher. Common.

Two Weeks with the Birds in Kent, Conn. 99

55. Troglodytes aedon. — House Wren. Common.

56. Sitta carol inensis. — White-breasted Nuthatch. Common.

57. Penthestis aurocapillus. — Chickadee. Common.

58. Hylocichla mustelina. — Wood Thrush. Common.

59. Merula migratoria. — Robin. Common.

60. Sialia sialis. — Bluebird. Several observed.

There were several birds whose identification was not made per-
fectly, so I have eliminated them from the list.

JULY HORIZONS.

While the interest shown in the proposed work was not
widespread, nor participated in by many workers, the lists re-
ceived seem worthy of notice in print. These lists should form
the nucleus around which a fairly complete list of breeding1
birds should finally grow. No locality is of so little importance
that such a list of breeding birds is not worth while. If the
bird population is shifting summer lists for successive years
will prove it. If the influence attending more complete set-
tlement are affecting the birds these summer lists will prove
it. If the regions immediately bordering trolley car lines and
similar evidences of the march of suburbanizing the country
districts are studied carefully now, and as carefully after these
things have been established, we shall know what effect they
have upon the whole bird population of these and adjacent
regions, and their effect upon the individual species inhabiting
such regions. There is every reason for bird lovers to keep
themselves busy during the summer months. The face of Na-
ture is rapidly changing.

Morton Park, III. — Banks of the DesPlaines River. July 1, 9 to
11 a. m. Bank Swallow, 2; Barn Swallow, 2; Bobolink, 10; Brown
Thrasher, 3; Least Bittern, 1; Bluebird, 2; Crow, 2; Cedar Wax-
wing, 1; Catbird, 20; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 6; Chimney Swift, 6;
Mourning Dove, 2; Northern Flicker, 9; Crested Flycatcher, 3;
Bronzed Grackle, 31; Goldfinch, 5; Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 5;
Pied-billed Grebe, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 2; Indigo Bunting, 4; Blue
Jay, 4; Belted Kingfisher, 2; Kingbird, 2; Meadowlark, 68; Orchard
Oriole, 1; Purple Martin, 15; Robin, 13; Song Sparrow, 10; Field
Sparrow, 3; Yellow Warbler, 4; Wood Pewee, 3; Hairy Woodpeck-
er, 1; Red-headed Woodpecker, 2. 35 species, 255 individuals.

Mr. and Mrs. Orpheus M. Schantz.

LOO The Wilson Bulletin — No. 52.

Little Silver. New Jersey. — July 1, 6 a. m. to 7:30 a. m., and 4 to
5 p.m. Raining in morning; clear in afternoon. East wind, temp. 76 .
Green Heron. 1; Black-crowned Night Heron, 1 Ad.; Virginia Rail,
2 Ini. 2 Ad.; Spotted Sandpiper, 15; American Osprey, 9; Flicker,
1; Chimney Swift, 15; Kingbird, 1; Wood Pewee, 1; Common
Crow, 5; Fish Crow, 8; Cowbird, 1; Red-winged Blackbird, 25;
Meadowlark, 5; Purple Grackle, 8; American Goldfinch, 1; Sharp-
tailed Sparrow. 20; Seaside Sparrow, 6; Chipping Sparrow, :i:
Song Sparrow, 6; Purple Martin, 12; Cliff Swallow, 3; Barn Swal-
low, 4; Brown Thrasher, 2; Long-billed Marsh Wren, 20; Robin. 6.

Carleton Schaxleb.

New York City.

Wilkinsburg, Allegheny County, Pa. — 12 to 5 p. m.. July 4, and 12
to 5 July 8. Woodland stream, dry woods and upland fields. Area
traversed about 40 acres. Exceedingly hot, with a 15 minute thun-
der shower. Cardinal, 4; Wood Thrush, 5; Indigo Bunting, 3;
Song Sparrow, 6; American Crow, 1; Oven-bird, 3; Northern Yel-
low-throat. 11; Field Sparrow, 3; Red-winged Blackbird, 4; Gold-
finch, 6; Wood Pewee, 3; Grasshopper Sparrow, common; Cow-
bird, 5; Townee, 7; Yellow-breasted Chat, 2; Red-eyed Vireo,
common; Catbird, 3; Louisana Water-Thrush. 1; Chimney
Swift, common; Kentucky Warbler, 14; Black-throated Blue
Warbler. 2; Yellow-throated Vireo, 3; Least Flycatcher, 1:
Chipping Sparrow, common; Phcebe, 1; Meadowlark, 8;
Chickadee, 5; Redstart, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 5; No. Flicker, 3;
Hairy Woodpecker, 1; House Wren, 9; Crested Flycatcher, 1;
Kingbird, 3; Red-headed Woodpecker, 1; Mourning Dove, 1; Bob-
white, 1; Black-billed Cuckoo, 2; Pigeon Hawk, 1; Scarlet Tana-
ger, 2; Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 3; Baltimore Oriole, 1; Barn
Swallow, common; Warbling Vireo, 1; Green-crested Flycatcher,
4; Purple Martin, 3; Bluebird, 2; American Robin, common; Caro-
lina Wren, 2; Yellow Warbler, common; Cerulean .Warbler, 1;
Nighthawk, 4; Vesper Sparrow, common. Nests discovered. —
Ovenbird, 2 young, 1 egg; 1 Cowbird's egg; Indigo Bunting, 3
young; Indigo Bunting, 3 eggs. C. Leox Brumbaugh.

Southern Hamilton Township, Mercer Co., N. J. — July 4, 1905.
12 hours; start, 5:30. Weather fine, except heavy fog early in
a. m. 60 species; about 56 individuals. Green Heron, 2; Spotted
Sandpiper, 4; Killdeer, 7; Bob-white, 2; Mourning Dove, 4; Tur-
key Vulture, 9; Broad-winged Hawk, 2; American Sparrow Hawk,
2; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 3; Belted Kingfisher, 1; Downy Wood-
pecker, 3; Northern Flicker, 13; Chimney Swift, 46; Ruby-throated
Hummingbird, 1; Kingbird, 4; Crested Flycatcher, 3; Phcebe, 1;
Wood Pewee, 12; Green-crested Flycatcher, 5; Blue Jay, 6; Amer-
ican Crow, 8: Cowbird, 3; Red-winged Blackbird, 12; Meadowlark,

July Horizons. 101

9; Orchard Oriole, 7; Purple Grackle, 13; American Goldfinch, 2;
Vesper Sparrow, 5; Grasshopper Sparrow, 10; Chipping Sparrow,
19; Field Sparrow, 8; Song Sparrow, 43; Towhee, 6; Cardinal, 6;
Rose-brea&ted Grosbeak, 1; Indigo Bunting, 9; Scarlet Tanager,
2; Purple Martin, 7; Barn Swallow, 11; Bank Swallow, 16 Rough-
winged Swallow, 7; Red-eyed Vireo, 26; Warbling Vireo, 2; Yel-
low-throated Vireo, 6; White-eyed "Vireo, 5; Black and White
Warbler, 3; Yellow Warbler, 1; Oven-bird, 8; No. Yellow-throat, 5;
American Redstart, 4; Catbird, 14; Brown Thrasher, 2; Carolina
Wren, 1; House Wren, 3; White-breasted Nuthatch, 4; Tufted Tit-
mouse, 16; Carolina Chickadee, 10; Wood Thrush, 6; Robin, 95;
Bluebird, 12. Charles H. Rogers.

INFORMATION WANTED.

Many times local papers, or even the large dailies, contain
notices of the wholesale destruction of birds by severe storms.
Only occasionally are such notices found in scientific papers.
It is true that one cannot always believe press notices, partic-
ularly when they are of a sensational character. Our Weather
Bureau is chiefly concerned with meteorology, but it is gratify-
ing to notice that reports of observation are accompanied by
some mention of the effects of storms upon crops and animals.
Such reports may be supposed to be accurate. Everybody
believes that weather, whether in the form of a severe storm.
or a period of unusual hot, or cold, or wet. or dry weather,
has its immediate effect. upon animals as sensitive as birds are
to weather.

The information called for is twofold : First, personal tes-
timony of any marked effect of any sort of weather on the
birds. Second, clippings, or references to notices in papers
net scientifically inclined, of the effects of weather on birds.
The editor particularly desires information regarding press
notices, or verbal information, concerning the effect of weath-
er, in the form of severe storms or heavy winds, upon the Pas-
senger Pigeons when they were SO' vastly numerous ; and upon
Bob-white and any of the grouse. The object is to gather to-
gether as much of such information as possible while it can
he obtained.

102 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 52.

GENERAL NOTES.

WIDOW HUMMER.

BY FRANK URUEX.

May 30, 1900. — The writer and his bird-partner, while taking aa
"all day with the birds." paused to eat their picnic breakfast in a
but little used store qi:arry, just off the the country road. There
was a forest upon the east, and bushes, small trees, and a small ap-
ple orchard formed the remaining boundaries. Perched upon the
granite walls we had an admirable place to see and hear the many
birds. Scarlet Tanagers (whose nest we found later), Rose-breast-
ed Grosbeaks, Redstarts and Ovenbirds, Chestnut-sided Warblers
and Wood Thrushes were particularly in evidence.

All at once a male humming bird appeared upon the dead top of
an apple tree, a female being seen soon afterwards upon one of the
steel guy ropes attached to the derrick. During that summer we
stopped many times to visit Mr. and Mrs. Hummer, and although
we never found the nest, one or the other bird was always in evi-
dence on the favorite perches.

Next year we went there again to renew our acquaintance, and
perchance to find the little home; but alas, sorrow had come to the
poor little female and her mate was never seen; but the pathetic
little figiuire of the faithful, lonely widow was nearly always seen
perched upon one of the ropes or the apple tree. Many were our
queries. Had the male deserted his mate? Was he dead? We
preferred to think him dead.

In 1902, we were eager to know if the little "widow." as we al-
ways called her, would Still remain faithful to her lost love — but
we visited the place in vain — she was seen no more by us. Had
she died or gone off with a new mate? Quien sabe?

Bristol, Conn., Dec. 1904.

THE LOUISIANA WATER-THRUSH IN PHILADELPHIA IN
SUMMER.

BY CHARLES II. ROGERS.

On June 14th, the only day this year, so far, that I have hunted
on the Wissahickcn Creek, I found two of this species (Seiurus
motacilla) en the left bank of that stream, just above the Valley
Green Hotel. With beaks full of food they chirped continually in
protest at my presence, and altogether showed plainly that they
had young in the immediate vicinity.

A nest recorded by Mr. H. K. Jamison (O. & O., 1891) is the only
other breeding reccrd inside tr.e city line with which 1 am ac-
quainted. It also was on the Wissahickon.

Crosswicks, N. J.

THE WILSON BULLETIN.

A Quarterly Magazine Devoted to the Study of Living Birds.
Official Organ of the Wilson Ornithological Club.

Edited by LYNDS JONES.

PUBLISHED BY THE CLUB, AT OBERLIN, OHIO.

Price in the United States, Canada and Mexico, 50 cents a year, 15 cents a number, postpaid
Price in all countries in the International Postal Union, 65 cents a >ear, 20 cents a number.
Subscriptions may be sent to Lynds Jonec, Oberlin, Ohio, or to Mr. Frank L. Burns, Ber-
wyn, Penn., or to Mr. John W. Daniel, Jr., Washington, D. C.

EDITORIAL.

The editor spent a profitable and pleasant week, from August
26 to September 2, inclusive, with Dr. T. M. Taylor, on a sailing
cruise among the islands of Lake Erie. The object of this cruise
was to determine, if possible, whether or not the birds actually
cross Lake Erie by this half land route in preference to crossing
the broad expanse of water elsewhere. The most favorable point
for this work proved to be the south point of Pelee Island, where
most of the time was spent. The work was planned to be done in
conjunction with Messrs. B. H. Swales and P. A. Taverner, of De-
troit, and A. B. Klug and W. E. Saunders, of Ontario, who were to
make observations upon the southern point of Point Pelee, but it
was not found possible to join forces. A report upon the work ac-
complished may be looked for in the December number of this
Bulletin, or in the next number of the Michigan Bulletin.

The proposed July All Day Work did not call many into the field.
The weather at Oberlin was too stormy, during the first week of
that month, to make field work practicable. We may hope for bet-
ter weather and a larger number of lists next July.

It is not to early too begin planning for the winter work. It is
always interesting to make at least three field studies during De-
cember for the purpose of determining what species may linger in-
to the month, and what species are tardy about arriving from the
north. If the later records are clearly understood, these December
records are of great importance. It is essential to know when win-
ter has really begun.

The editor is obliged to announce that the department of Publi-
cations Received must go over until the next Bulletin. Several pa-

loi The Wilson Bulletin — No. 52.

pers of more than usual interest and value have been received,
which merit more attention than it has been possible to give them
during the broken summer time.

Members of the Wilson Ornithological Clu;>b should not fail to
remember the annual election of officers. The constitution pro-
vides that nominations for officers should be made during the
month of September. If notices from the Secretary have not
reached you do not wait but send a full nomination card to Lynds
Jones, Oberlin, Ohio, at once. Your interest shown in the Club in
this way will be a great encouragement to the officers.

THE

WILSON BULLETIN

NO. 53.

A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY

VOL. XVII. DECEMBER, 1905. No. 4-

A-BIRDING AMONG THE NEW JERSEY PINES.

CHRESWELL J. HUNT.

It was on the morning of May thirty-first, 1905, that three
of us started from Medford, N. J., with horse, wagon and
camip equipage for a trip through the New Jersey pine barrens.

Medford is situated at the edge of the pine barren region.
This part of the pine barrens lying in Burlington and Ocean
counties is one of the wildest sections to be found in the eastern
states. Cranberry raising is about the only industry and
the few houses to be seen are to be found in the vicinity
of the cranberry bogs, but they are indeed few and very far
between. Charcoal burning was carried on in some places but
this now seeiris to be mostly obsolete. A person lost in this
section may wander about for days without meeting a trace of
civilization. The roads are rarely used and are nothing
more than mere sand trails through the woods. Before the
advent of the seashtre railroads these roads were the only
means of reaching the coast and now the ruins of one time
prosperous inns may be seen. In fact almost all the oysters
used in Philadelphia were at one time hauled over the Chats-
worth-Tuckerton road. We traveled this road for a number of
miles, and when returning over it two days later our old wheel
tracks were yet to be seen, nothing else having traversed it in
the meantime.

From Medford < ur route lay nearly southeast through the
wildest part of the barrens. Here are extensive forests of

io;> The Wilson Bubletin — No. 53.

pitch pines (I'iims rigida), interspersed here and there with
cedar swamps. These swamlps arc an almost impenetrable
tangle of white cedar, red mfciple. pepper bush, magnolia and
holly. Here is to be found the greatest number of birds
though they are never wanting among the pines, and although
not plentiful as species they are numerous as individuals.
The water of the streams is of a dark color, stained from the
decaying vegetation.

Along the roadsides waved the feathery plumes of the tur-
key-beard, and the mountain and sheep laurels were rich with
bloom. At the edges of the swamps grew the pitcher plant,
and that other interesting insect cater, the little sun-dew, car-
peted the ground in damp places.

After leaving Med ford we passed through Bear swam]).
Here the apologetic song of the Blue-winged Warbler greeted
us and Scarlet Tanagers, Wood Thrushes, Tufted Titmice and
Red-eyed Vireos were numerous. These species grew miore
and more scarce as we got deeper into the barrens.

In the pine woods the Pine Warbler was the most abundant
species while Wood Pewees, Carolina Chickadees, Kingbirds,
Crows, Turkey Vultures, Downy Woodpeckers and an occas-
sional Flicker were to be seen. In the lower growths (mostly
scrub oaks and buckle-berry bushes) Chewinks, Oven-birds
and Priarie Wrarblers were abundant. We camped the first
night at Speedwell. This oasis in the desert, consisting of
a half dozen buildings (now all unoccupied) and a couple of
fenced in fields, owes its origin to the existence of the iron
ore which was, at one time, extracted from, the nearby bog1.
Here we found Barn Swallows, Orchard Orioles, Indigobirds
and Purple Martins. In the neighht ring cedar swamp were
White-eyed Vireos, Wood Thrushes, Carolina Chickadees and
Maryland Yellow-throats.

From the cedars hung great festoons of the I 'snea moss and
here the Parula Warblers are to be found although we saw
none. The Great Horned Owl also finds here a congenial
borne.

Ml evening long and in the early morning the Whip-poor-
wills kept up such a din as to make sleep well nigh impossible.

Hunt — On New Jersey Birds. 107

and in spite of the earliness of the season the mosquitoes were
rather troublesome.

On the second day we crossed what is known as the
"Plains." As far as one can see is nothing but a stunted forest
of miniature pitch pines and scrub oaks only three feet high.
Here Brown Thrashers and Maryland Yellow-throats were
abundant as also were Che winks, Field Sparrows and Prairie
Warblers. It is interesting to note that the Maryland Yellow-
throat, that little bird which we always associate with the vi-
cinity of water, should be so much at home here miles from the
nearest water course. One actually wonders where these
birds find enough water to drink. I had asked this question
when my friend pointed to a dead leaf lying upon the ground
filled with water from the last rain. Did this solve the prob-
lem ?

It was on these "plains" that the Heath Hen, now extinct
but for a few found upon the island of Martha's Vineyard,
once abounded.

At the end of the second day we reached Staffords Forge,
a little settlement some three miles north of West Creek. We
bad traveled twenty-two miles that day and had not seen a
trace of civilization. WTe spent June second at Stafford's
Forge. Wc were now within four miles of the coast marshes
and here we met old friends in the Robin, Bluebird. Barn Swal-
low. Chimney Swift, Bob-white and Red-winged Blackbird,
while Purple Martins and Whip-poor-wills were abundant.

Along the Westecunk Creek were large cranberry bogs.
Here we sawr several Green Herons and in the woods at the
head of the begs the Bald Eagle still nests.

The next two days wrere spent in the homeward journey
arriving at Medford about noon of June fourth. A Ruffed
Grouse being the only species seen that we had not previously
listed.

We had practically crossed the state and felt well repaid for
our eighty-four mile trip.

io8 Tin Wilson Bulletin — No. s.^.

ADDITIONS AM) ADDITIONAL DATA TO A PRE-
LIMINARY LIST OF THE LAND BIRDS OF
SOUTH EASTER N Ml CHIGAN.

BY BB \1>S1I.\\V H. SWALES.

In the Bulletin of the Michigan Ornithological Club, Vol. IV..
1903, pp. 14-17, 35-40, Vol. V., pp. 37-43, I published a prelim-
inary list of the land birds of Southeastern Michigan. Since the
time of issuing- the last installment (May, 1903) I am able
to add three species to this list, namely; Falco percgrinns
anatuntj Compsothlypis amcricatia usnece, and Geothlypis
agilis. I have also been able to verify by the taking of speci-
mens, seven species: Empidonax flaviventris, Helminthophila
celata, Dcndfoica tigrina, Icteria vlrens, Wilsonia pusilla, and
CisotJwrus stellaris. This raises the number of species that arc-
now known to have actually been taken in this section (Land
Birds) to 165. Of this number, f bur, Meleagris gallopatyj sil-
vestris, Ectopistes migratorius, Ceophloens pileatus, and Corvus
corax principalis are without doubt extinct.

ADDITIONS.

Falco peregrinus ana tit in. — Duck Hawk.

Two specimens taken, a female shot March 25, 1904, by A.
B. Schroder on the outskirts of Detroit, (Blain, Bull. Mich..
Ornith. Club, V, 54) : a male taken October 6, 1901, on the
Detroit river near Pt. Moulle. and sent to L. J. Eppinger.
taxidermist, in whose studio I examined it. Some twent)
years ago this species was given as occurring at the St. Claire
Flats by Saunders and Morden, (Can. Sportsman and Nat..
II, 183-7).

Compsothlypis amcricana nsnecc. — Northern I'arnla War-
bler.

As recorded by me in the Auk, 1905, 84, the first specimen
of this species that was known to have been taken here was
secured by J. Claire Wood, September 25, 1901. This bird

Swales — Ok Birds of South-east Mich. 109

was sent to Dr. C. W. Richmond and returned labeled C. a.
usnese, not C. a. ramalinae as stated by Mr. Wood in Auk,
1905, 212.

Until otherwise classified by competent authority the spe-
cies should remain as recorded, usneae. On May 7, 1905, P.
A. Taverner and I met with a male in Bronnstown Township,
Wayne County on the Huron river banks. I saw a late male
October 14, in Greenfield Township. It occurs here without
doubt in some numbers during the spring and fall migrations.

Gcothlypis agilis. — Connecticut Warbler.

P. A. Taverner secured the first bird known to have been
taken here on September 18, 1901, at Palmer Park, Greenfield
Township, Wayne County, — a female. On October G, 1904,
in Ecorse Township, while collecting with J. C. Wrood, he
secured an immature bird (Auk, 1905, 217). The present
vear (1905) on May 22, Mr. Taverner obtained an adult male
in Clay Township, St. Clair County. On May 14th we met
with two on Pt. Pelee, Essex County, Ontario, and several
during our September visit. T secured a female, October 8th,
in Garfield Township. Evidently agilis is a regular migrant
here both spring and fall in limited numbers.

ADDENDA.

13. Buteo platypterus. — Broad-winged Hawk.

To an}- statement in the former list, that this species un-
doubtedly breeds here, I can add the somewhat belated record
of a nest, eggs and female taken by myself April 29, 1893, at
Highland Park, Wayne County (Bull. Mich. O. Club, 1904,
09). I have no knowledge of any other breeding records for
the section by local oologists, although the bird without doubt
breeds here in limited numbers.

20. Strix pratincole/. — American Barn Owl.

To the two prior records given, the following are all that are
now available :

(1) October 8, 1S98, one taken by Abraham Sheffield near
Northville (Purely, Auk, 1899, 77).

(2) A female taken in the marshes of the lower Detroit
river, in the possession of Chas. Campion (Blain, Auk, 1902.
210).

no The Wilson Bulletin — No. 53.

(3) < October 29, 1901. A male taken at Pt. Mouelle. Wayne
Co. (Blain. Auk. L902, 210).

(4) Sept. 18, 1!K)4. A male taken near South Lyons, Oak-
land Co. (Blain. Bull. Mich. Ornith. Club, 1904, 91).

35. M doner pes carolinus. — Red-bellied Woodpecker.

Jas. B. Purdy, the veteran ornithologist of Plymouth, writes
me that when the timber was abundant at Plymouth this spe-
cies was quite common during the entire fall, winter, and
spring. But as the country has been deforested the bird is
now very rare. On April 2ft, 1889, he discovered a pair nesting
in a beech near Plymouth, the nest containing five eggs, which
are in his collection. According to Jeromfc Trombley, a few
formerly wintered in Monroe county, which is the next county
south of Wayne. (Butler, Birds of Ind., 843). My exper-
ience with this specieis is that I have never either personally
seen or examined a bird during the summer, or winter; and
of late years, even during the migrations the bird has become
very rare and constant search has failed to reveal but one or
two individuals each season.

46. Empidonax Haviventris. — Yellow-bellied Flycatcher.

P. A. Taverner observed one bird May 7, 1904, in Gros.se
Pt. Tp., but owing to his recent arrival in Michigan, was un-
willing to stand for the record until further data was secured.
On May 23, 1905, he secured a male in Greenfield Tp., which
1 believe is the first bird of the species actually taken here.
The present fall (August 27) in Farmington Tp., Oakland
Co., we met with a female. Undoubtedly a not uncommon mi-
grant, as we found it common on the Point Pelee, Ont., dur-
ing September.

63. Carpodaais purpurens. — Purple Finch.

Unusually abundant during October, 1904, lx>th in Wayne
and Southern Genesee Counties. I met with it in numbers
in each piece of woodland visited on October 23, near Atlas.

64. Loxia curvirostra minor. — American Crossbill.

To my former meager notes on this species I can add the
following data: On November 22, 1903, Walter C. Wood met
with a small flock on Grosse Isle, Wayne Co. I carefully
searched the island for these birds on December 13th, 1903,
but was unsuccessful. On November 1ft. 1903, Jas. B. Purdy

Swales — On Birds of South-east Mich. i 1 1

secured three at Plymouth. T heard of none during the past
winter, 1904-1905.

65. Loxia leucoptcra. — White-winged Crossbill.

See Auk. 1904. p. 281.

72. Passcrculus sandwichcnsis savanna. — Savanna Spar-
row.

As recorded by Taverner (Auk, 1905, 89) we found a small
colony breeding in Clay Tp.. southern St. Clair Co., June 18.
1904. We visited this colony at different times during the
summer, as I had no prior knowledge of the breeding of this
species in this section. During 1905, on June 10th. Mr. W.
E. Saunders and I found the birds well distributed in the
higher parts of the wet meadows bordering Lake St. Clair
in Essex Co., Ontario, which is almost directly across the lake
from the Clay Tp. region.

74. Ammodramv.s henslowi. — Henslow's Sparrow.

To my former notes in Auk, 1905, 83, I can add the follow-
ing: During' 1905. the first birds were ncted April 30, in
Clay Tp., St. Clair Co. On May 3d, Mr. Taverner heard one
singing in Greenfield Tp.. Wayne Co. On May 21 he located
a small colony in southern St. Clair Co. in a different localit\
from that cf last year. See J. C. Wood, Auk, 1905, 416. On
June 10 Mr. W. E. Saunders and I found the species present.
in three separate localities on the Canada side of Lake St.
Clair, in Essex Co., Ontario. Here are extensive tracts of
wet grassy meadoWs. weed grown, on the higher portions o*
which henslowi is at home. In the limited amount of thro at
our disposal we were unable to locate any nests despite careful
search by Mr. Saunders. The steady rain which fell through-
out the day added greatly to our troubles. This sparrow evi-
dently is well distributed in small colonies along both sides of
J^ake St. Clair, and also in a few suitable sections in Wayne L\k

73. Coturniculus savamiantm passerinus. — Gr?.ssh< pper
Sparrow.

Careful search has revealed this sparrow in a number of
localities in Wayne, Oakland, Genesee and St. Clair Counties.
In 1903 the first were noted May 9th, in 1904. on May 14th,
and in 1905, May 3d. To date T have found the species only

ii2 I mi Wilson Bulletin— No. 53.

in small numbers — several pairs at must, and extremely local
in its distribution.

84. Melospisa lincolni. — Lincoln's Sparrow.

This species appears to be a regular migrant here in some
numbers, more abundant in fall. 1 first met with it on May
14, 1904, in Greenfield Tp., where Taverner secured a male.
On Ma\ 23 another bird was secured. During the fall we
found the species well represented < n October ''<\ and !Uh in
< ireenfield Tp., Wayne Co. These birds were in company of
vast numbers of White-throated, Swam]), and Song Sparrows
in an extensive stretch of mixed fields, and brushland thickly
overgrown with dense growth of various weeds, and bushes.
Owini; to the constant flushing of the other sparrows it was
extremely difficult to follow the Lincolns when found, as they
were shy and hard to flush the second time, 'flu.' present fall
I met with the birds first on October 1st. and, despite careful
search, neither Taverner or I could find any after ( >ctober 5th,
when I secured two birds.

85. Melospiza georgiana. — Swamp Sparrow'.

During the last two years 1 have found this an abundant
species from Ala}- 15th to October 16th. Much more so during
the migrations. 1 have found breeding at the St. Clair Flats
and in southern Genesee County. Is especially abundant in
late September and early October, when large numbers are
present intermingled with White-throats, and Song Sparrows.

S6. Passerella iliaca. — Fox Sparrow.

Unusually well represented during 19CM and 1905, both
spring and fall. In 1904 1 met with the first birds on March
27th, and the last April 18th. On the latter date I found a
flock of some forty birds in the deep woods at the upper end
of Belle Isle, Detroit river, and heard the species in song dur-
ing the migrations for the first time. Later in the day I found
a male in almost full song near my home in Detroit. I saw
the first fall migrants. ( )ctober 1st. and they remained in some
numbers throughout the month in all sections visited, one
male on November 12th was the last bird noted. During the
fall the birds were heard singing on several occasions. In
1905 the first birds were observed on March 25th, almost forty,

Swai.es — Ox Birds of South-hast Mich. 113

several in song. Last seen on April 8th. Fairly common the
present fall from October 1st.

87. Pipifo erythrophthahnus. — T< whee.

Jas. R. Purely writes me that he observed a female near Ply-
mouth, January 29, 1905, which is the first winter record for
the county that I am aware of. However, on November 24th,
1904, I saw a male in a secluded sheltered nook near .Atlas,
Genesee Co., that I believed intended wintering, but could not
follow the matter up.

88. Cardinalis cardinalis. — Cardinal.

On September 25, 1904, Mr. Taverner and T met with a
male, female, and at least two immatures in a tangled thicket
in Clay Tp., southern St. Clair Co. The immature bird se-
cured clearlv indicated that the species had bred in the near vi-
cinity. On X< vember 20, 100 1, we found a male near Trenton,
Wayne Co. On May 6, 100.". we heard a male singing on the
outskirts of the village of Flat Rock, Wayne Co., in the under-
brush bordering the Huron river. Early the nerj morning we
were fortunate enough to find him. and later in the day we saw
another several miles down the river. Taverner and T f< unci
the species well represented on Feint Pelee, Ontario, on the
May, September, and late October visits.

98. Stelgidopteryx serripennis. — Rough-wing: cl Swallow.

Observed on May 7, 1905, in some numbers on a trip down
the Huron river between Flat Rock and Trenton. Wayne Co.
Without doubt careful search will reveal this species in certain
localities and in more numbers than is now known.

100. Protonotaria citrea. — Prothonotary Warbler.

I carelesslv neg'lected to include a prior record of this species
in my former data. A. P.. Covert, and X. A. W01 0. of Ann Ar-
bor, found a pair breeding- in a dense swamp in Lyons Tp.,
Oakland Co.. securing- the parents and eggs( which are now
in the l.nive.:ity of Michigan Museum. (Bull. Mich. Ornith.
Club, 190H. p. >;().)

165. Helminthophila celata. — Orange-crowned Warbler.

On September •?">. 1901, Air. Taverner and I were working-
through a small woodland in Clay Tp., St. Clair Ox, whe"e
Taverner secured a bird of this species in a somewhat obscure

ii4 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 53,

plumage. I believe thai no prior specimen has been taken
here.

111. Dendroica tigrina. — Cape May Warbler. :

I secured a fine adult male May 7, 1905, on the hanks of the
Huron river just over the Monroe county line, the river >li-
vnling Monroe from Wayne county.

130. Seiunis n\ veboracensis. — Water.-Th.rush.

I have no authentic data. for this species here except as a mi-
grant. I am fully aware of several records extant of the breed-
ing' of the species here, but in the case of several of these
records that 1 have examined the birds proved, .is 1 anticipated,
to be S. motacilla, which is the common Water-Thrush here.
The two species are generally not separated by local observers.

136. Wilsonia pusilla. — Wilson's Warbler.

P. A. Taverner secured a male in Greenfield Tp., Wayne
Co., on May 20, 1905, the first that has actually been taken
here. It should, however, occur during the migrations in some
numbers, as we found it common at Pt. Pelee, Out., during
September.

145. Cistothoms stcllaris. — Short-hilled Marsh Wren.

To my record in Auk. 1905, p. 88, I can add no new data
for this section despite careful search in a number of favorable
localities by Mr. Taverner, and myself.

149. Bceolophus bicolor. — Tufted Titmouse.

1 have long been under the impression that an occasional
pair remained here to breed, hut was not able to verify this.
It is found here only in certain sections, as Belle Isle, where
it is more abundant than in any other locality known to me.
1 firmly believe that the species breeds in limited numbers on
the island, although J personally have not observed the birds
there later than the middle of May. On June 24, 1905, Mr.
Taverner heard one whistling in a woods just north of Detroit,
and on August 6th we beard the bird in the same place. After
considerable work Taverner secured it. Another was seen
August 27th. This pair, without doubt, bred in this locality.

Mills — On Georgia Breeding Records. ii

SOME BREEDING RECORDS FROM EAST POINT,

GEORGIA.

BY WILLIAM J. MILLS.

The notes upon which the following records are based were
made during the year 1903. So little has been published re-
garding the time of the breeding, except in a general way,
that specific records of this sort are welcome. They, like Mr.
Smith's migration records, come from a locality farther south
than regions usually included in general statements of the
times of breeding, and therefore become doubly interesting. —
Editor.

Mimns polyglot&is. — Mockingbird. April 24, found build-
ing a nest, which was later deserted.

Bccolophus bicolor. — Tufted Titmouse. April 26, nest con-
taining seven fresh eggs, in the hollow trunk of an apple tree ;
entrance four feet from the ground, nest two feet down the
hollow.

Colaptcs auratiis. — Flicker. April 26, nest containing six
fresh eggs, in a hollow apple tree.

Mcgascops asio. — Screech Owl. April 26, nest containing
three young, one-third grown, in an old oak top. Female in
the gray phase.

Par us carolincnsis. — Carolina Chickadee. May 3, nest
containing six young, about ready to leave the nest. May 7,
this brood is gone. There is a note of another brood of four
successfully reared, with no date given.

Spizclla socialis. — Chipping Sparrow. April 30, nest in
the process of building in a cedar bush. First egg, May 2. A
violent wind on the 3d tipped the nest over, and the birds de-
serted. August 0, a brood of four young, apparently about
a week old.

Toxostoma rufuuh.— Brown Thrasher. Nest containing an
egg. A week later this nest contained a mass of broken egg
shells. May 17, nest containing four eggs, low down in
thicket, on a pole, well concealed by a rank growth o>f thorns,
briars, etc. May 24, still there. May 31, eggs gone.

1 1 6 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 53.

Dendrpica discolor. — Prairie Warbler. May •">. nest in build-
ing- in a pine sapling, four and a half feet from the ground.
First egg. May 10; later deserted. May 9, another nest three

feet from the ground in a wild plum tree, with four fresh tggz
May 10, another nest in a briar patch; destroyed by a dog.

Hylocichla mustelina. — Wood Thrush. May \, two nests
containing four eggs each, well incubated. The young 1
the nests in safety.

Spizdla pusilla. — Field Sparrow. May I, nest containing
four fresh eggs. May 5, nest in an orchard; it was soon de-
serted. May 17, a nest within ten feet of the deserted one,
containing four eggs in all. Of the nine remaining one was
not systematically studied, and the other eight were sooner or
later overtaken by disaster. Only one bird out of nine nests
(36 eggs') lived long enough to fly.

Galcoscoplcs carolinensis. — Catbird. May 7, nest in build-
ing. First egg May IT ; four eggs May 2 I ; eggs gone May 3!

Peticcea astfc'alis bachmanni. — Bachm&nn's Sparrow. Ma\
9, nest containing four young two days old. May 10, young
dead in the nest. This nest was in an old field partly grown
up with pines, wild cherry, sumac, and briars. Nest partV
embedded in the ground, composed of grasses arched over;
entrance from the west.

Icteria virens. — Yellow-breasted Chat. May 13, nest with
one egg. The fourth egg was laid on the Kith.

Piranga rubra. — Summer Tanager. May 21, nest in build-
ing 1 n a horizontal branch of a«*white oak tree, eighteen b
from the ground. Four eggis, slightly incubated on the 31st.

Vireo flavifrons. — Yellow-throated Yirco. May 24, nest
forty feet up in an oak tree a; the door of my workshoj
Young left in safety.

Cyanospisa cyanea. — Indigo Bunting. May 24, nest with
four eggs, two feet up in a small oak shrub. The young let'.
in safety.

Myiarchns crinitus. — Crested Flycatcher. Tune 11. nest
with five young and an egg. in the hollow trunk of an apple
tree in dander's swamp.

Coccxsus americamis. — Yellow-billed Cuckoo. July 26, nes:
nine feet up in an oak. contained two badly incubated eggs.

Hann — On Summit, New Jersey. Biros.

A PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE BIRDS OF SUMMIT,
NEW JERSEY.

BY II. II. HANN

Summit is just within the hilly portion of New Jersey and
lies in the Allegtianian zone but is slightly lapped by the Car-
olinian zone as well. This list is miade up from the notes of
the Messrs H. F. Merriam, J. C. Callender and myself and were
taken principally in three places i. e. the Great Swamp, along
the Passaic river extending from Gillette to Hanover and Mur-
ray Hill. In a few instances we have taken the notes of friends
and in such cases our authority will be quoted. I have ar-
ranged the list in four divisions keeping each division in A. O.
U. check list order ; i. e. Residents, Winter Visitors, Migrants
and Summer Visitors and the combination of the Residents
and Summer visitors gives us the breeders.

Residents.

Colinus virginianus. — Bob-white. Rare, except where the Chat-
ham Game Club have stocked them.

Bonasa umbel lus. — Ruffed Grouse. Common but decreasing in
numbers.

Strix pratinccla. — American Barn Owl. Rare. Mr. Dickinson hap
two which he raised. He found the nest by the river below Chat-
ham.

Asio wiisonianus. — American Long-eared Owl. Uncommon. Only
one nest fcucd by us.

Syrnium \arium. — Barred Owl. Uncommon. We found one oc-
cupying a nest, from which we took a set of Red-shouldered Hawk's
eggs the spring before.

Megascops asio. — Screech Owl. Common.

Bubo virginianus. — Great Homed Owl. Rare. Occasionally
one is found down the Passaic near Hanover. Mr. D. B. Dickinson
had cue brought to him frcm Hanover to mount that contained an

Dryobr-Z.es villosus. — Hairy Woodpecker. Uncommon greater
part cf year except during winter, when common.

Drycbates pubescers medianus. — Downy Woodpecker. Common.

]i8 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 53.

Melanerpes erythrocephalus. — Red-headed Wood pecker. Uncom-
mon. Only found in two places, — the Great Swamp and down the-
river near Hanoi 1 r

Cyanocitta cristata. — Rlue day. Abundant.

Corvus brachyrhynchos. — American Crow. Abundant.

Astragal inus trisftis. — American Goldfinch. Abundant.

Passer domesticus. — English Sparrow. Abundant.

Melcspiza cinerea melodia. — Song Sparrow. Abundant except
during the coldest part of the winter, but can always be found.

Cardiralis cardinalis. — Cardinal. Rare.

Ampelis cedrorum. — Cedar Waxwing. Common, but more so
during the summer.

Sitta carolinensis. — White-breasted Nuthatch. Common except
during the breeding season, when it is very hard to find, as ii
keeps so quiet.

Baeolophus bicolor. — Tufted Titmouse. Common.

Parus atricapillus. — Chickadee. Common.

Winter Visitors.

Larus argentatus. — Herring Gull. Uncommon in the spring down
the Passaic near Chatham. One seen last winter flying over the
Great Swamp.

Asio accipitrinus. — Short-eared Owl. Rare.

Cryptoglaux acadica. — Saw-wThet Owl. Rare.

Otocoris aplestris. — Homed Lark. Very rare. Only one ever
found. Shot last winter in Great Swamp near Myersville.

Carpodacus purpureus. — Purple Finch. Common during migra-
tions, and a few stay all winter.

Loxia curvirostra minor. — American Crossbill. Some winters
common and others not seen at all.

Loxia leuccptera. — White-winged Crossbill. Very rare.

Acanthis linaria. — Redpoll. Common some winters and ofter not
seen during others.

Passerina nivalis. — SnowflaJ e. Very rare. Last winter we had
them with us for ten days and they were common, but this is the
only time we have seen them.

Spizella monticola. — Tree Sparrow. Common.

Junco hyema;;s. — Slate-colcred Junco. Abundant.

Lanius boreal's. — Northern Shrike. Rare.

Olbiorchilus hiemalis. — Winter WTren. Common during migra-
tions and a few stay all winter.

Certhia familiaris americana. — Brown Creeper. Common mi-
grant. A few stay all winter. Mr. Callender saw a pair of old
birds with five young fully able to fly, July 23, 1905.

Regulus satrapa. — Golden-crowned Kinglet. Common, but more
so during migrations.

Hann — On Summit, New Jersey, Birds. iiq

Migrants.

Colymbus holboellii. — Holbcell's Grebe. Rare. Several seen and
a few shot down the Passaic.

Podilymbus podiceps. — Pied-billed Grebe. Uncommon.

Anas bcschas. — Mallard. Uncommon.

Anas obscura. — Black Duck. Common.

Nettion carolinensis. — Green-winged Teal. Uncommon.

Querquedula discors. — Blue-winged Teal. Uncommon.

Dafila acuta — Pintail. Uncommon.

Branta canadensis. — Canada Goose. Common.

Ardea herodias. — Great Blue Heron. Common.

Gallingo delicata. — Wilson Snipe. Common.

Buteo boreal is. — Red-tailed Hawk. Common. Occasionally one
is seen during the winter.

Pandion haliaetus carolinensis. — American Osprey. Uncommon
down the Passaic.

Sphyrapicus \ ariuc. — Yefflow-fctellfed Sapsucker. — Uncommon.

Chordeiles virginianus. — Nighthawk. Common.

Nuttallornis borealis. — Olive-sided Flycatcher. Rare.

Euphagus carolinus. — Rusty Blackbird. Common.

Spinus pinus. — Pine Siskin. Common.

Poocaetes gramineus. — Vesper Sparrow. Common..

Passerculus sandwichensis savanna. — Savanna Sparrow. Un-
common.

Zonc-vrichia leuccphrys. — "White crowned Sparrow. Rare.

Zonotrichia albicollis. — White-thrcated Sparrow. Common.

Passerella iliaca. — Fox Sparrow. Common.

Iridoprocne bicclor. — Tree Swallow. Common.

Vireo solitarius. — Blue-headed Vireo. Common.

Compsothlypis americana. — Parula Warbler. Common.

Dendroica caerulescens. — Black-throated Blue Warbler. Common.

Dendroica ccronata. — Myrtle Warbler. Common.

Dendroica maculosa. — Magnolia Warbler. Common.

Dendroica striata. — Black-pcll Warbler. Common.

Dendroica blackburniae — Blackburnian Warbler. Uncommon in
comparison with the other warblers.

Dendroica virens. — Black-thrcated Green Warbler. Uncommon.

Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea. — Yellow Palm Warbler.
Alundant.

Seiurus novebcracersis. — Water-Thrush. Uncommon.

Seiurus mctacilla. — Louisiana Water-Thrush. Rare.

Wilscnia pusiila. — Wilson Warbler. Common.

Sitta canadensis. — Red-breasted Nuthatch. Rare.

Regultrs calerdula. — Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Common.

Hylocich'a ustula'a swainsonii. — Olive-backed Thrush. Rathfr
uncommon.

Hylocichla guttata pallasii. — Hermit Thrush. Common.

i2o The Wilson Bulletin — No. 53.

Summer Visitors.

Aix sponsa. — Wood Duck. Rare in the breeding season, when a
pair are usually found in the vicinity of Hanover. Common dur-
ing migrations.

BoLaurus lentiginosus. — American Bittern. Common, but nests
are very rare.

Butorides virescens. — Green Heron. Common. Pound nesting
in small colonies cf from two to eight or ten pairs.

Nycticorax nycticorax nasvius. — Black-crowned Night Heron.
Rare. A few still breed near Hanover, where there was a large
colony at one time.

Rallus elegans. — King Rail. Rare. A Mr. Littlejohn found a
nesi down the river in 1S95.

Ralius virginianus. — Virginia Rail. Rare. Mr. Littlejohn also
found this breeding in the spring cf 1895 down the Passaic river.

Philohela minor. — American Woodcock. Common during migra-
tions. A few breed here.

AcUtis macularia. — Spotted Sandpiper. Common during migra-
tions. A few breed here.

Zenaidura macroura. — Mourning Dove. Uncommon. Were com-
mon eight cr ten years ago.

Circus hudsonius. — Marsh Hawk. Common.

Accipter velox. — Sharp-shinned Hawk. Rare.

Buteo lineatus. — Red-shouldered Hawk. Common.

Buteo platypterus. — Broad-winged Hawk. Rare.

Falco sparverius. — American Sparrow Hawk. Common.

Coccyzus americanus. — Yellow-billed Cuckoo. Ccmmcn.

Coccyzus erythrcphthalmus. — Black-billed Cuckoo. Common.

Ceryle alcyon. — Belted Kingfisher. — Common.

Colaptes auratus luteus. — Northern Flicker. Common.

Antrostomus vcciferus. — AVhippcorwill. Bred some years ago.
but not lately. Ccmmcn migrant.

Chaetura pelagica. — Chimney Swift. Abundant.

Trochilus coiubris. — Ruby-throated Hummingbird. Uncommon.

Tyrannus tyrannus. — Kingbird. Ccmmcn.

Myiarchus crinitus. — Crested Flycatcher. Common.

Sayornis phcebe. — Phoebe. Common.

Contopus virens. — Wood Pewee. Common.

Empidonax traillii alnoruin. — Alder Flycatcher. Mr. L. F. Miller
says it is con men in Great Swamp, near Myersville.

Empidonax minimus. — Least Flycatcher. Common.

Sturnus vulgaris. — Starling. Rare down river.

Dolichonyx oryzivorus. — Bobolink. Common.

Molothrus ater. — Cowbird. Common.

Agelaius phceniceus. — Red-winged Blackbird. Common.

Sturnella magna. — Meadowlark. Common.

Hank — On Summit, New Jersey, Birds. i2i

Icterus spurius. — Orchard Oriole. Uncommon.

Icterus galbula. — Baltimore OTiole. Common.

Quiscalus quiscula. — Purple Grackle. Common.

Coturniculus savannarum passerinus. — Grasshopper Sparrow.
Rare..

Spizella socialis.— Chipping Sparrow. Abundant.

Spizella pusilla. — Field Sparrow. Common.

Melospiza georgiana. — Swamp Sparrow. Common locally.

Pipilo erythropthalmus. — Towhee. Common.

Zamelodia ludoviciana. — Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Common .

Cyanospiza cyanea. — Indigo Bunting. Common.

Pianca erythromelas. — Scarlet Tanager. Common.

Progne subis. — Purple .Martin. Very rare breeder. Common
migrant.

Pelrochelidon lunifrons. — Cliff Swallow. Were two small colonies
eleven years ago. Common migrant.

Hirundo erythrogastra. — Barn Swallow. Common.

Riparia riparia. — Bank Swallow. Uncommon breeder. Common
migrant.

Stelgidopteryx serripennis.— Rough-winged Swallow. Common
migrant. Only one known case of their breeding here.

Vireo olivaceus. — Red-eyed Vireo. Common.

Vireo gilvus. — Warbling Vireo. Rare. Only one nest.

Vireo flavificns. — Yellow-throated Vireo. Uncommon.

Vireo noveboracensis. — White-eyed Vireo. Common.

Mniottilia varia.- — Black and White Warbler. Common.

Helmilheros vermivorus. — Worm-eating Warbler. Very rare. We
have found only cne nest.

Helmithophila pinus. — Blue-winged Warbler. Common.

Dendroica sestiva. — Yellow Warbler. Common.

Dendroica pensylvanica. — Chestnut-sided Warbler. Common.

Seiurus aurocapillus. — Oven-bird. Abundant.

Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla. — Northern Yellow-throat. Com-
mon .

Icteria virens — Yellow-breasted Chat. Common.

Se':ophag^ ru'cicilla.— American Redstart. Common migrant. A
few stay to breed.

Galeosccptes carollnensls. — Catbird. Abundant.

Toxcstoira rufus. — Brown Thrasher. Common.

Thryothorus ludov:c:ar.us. — Carolina Wren. Very rare.

Trcglcdytes ac'dcn. — House Wren. Common.

Cistothcrus sfebaris. — Short-hilled Marsh Wren. Uncommon.
Found in Great Swan]) and down the river below Chatham.

Terr.atodytes paiustris. — Long-billed Marsh Wren. Common lo-
cal 1. v.

Hylccichla mustelina. — Wood-Thrush. Abundant.

Hyocichla fuscescers. — Wilson Thrush. Common.

122 The Wilsox Bulletin; — No. 53.

Merula migratoria. — Robin. Abundant.

Sialia sialis. — Bluebird. Abundant.

We have several species that we expect to be able to add to
this list but at present do not feel that we have enough data.

Our list as above gives us 20 Residents ; 15 Winter Visitors ;
42 Migrants and 72 Summer Visitors giving us 92 breeding
species and 1-49 species all told.

Tavern er — On Ornithology a Science. 12

ORNITHOLOGY A SCIENCE.

P. A. TAVERNER.

A short time ago I had the question put to me by an Orni-
thologist— "What is the use?" "What is it all for?" and the
statement was advanced that Ornithology is not a science but
merely an amusement. This is not the only time this query
has reached me. I have met it many times before in various
forms, and perhaps a few thoughts that it has raised may be
of value to others faced with the same problem.

Of course economic ornithology has a practical purpose,
and affects our welfare directly. The food of birds has a di-
rect influence upon our pockets, and is a practical study. Pure
science, however, is in no sense practical. As soon as its dis-
coveries become practically applied it ceases to be science in
the strict use of the term. Franklin's experiment with the
kite was scientific, in as much as he proved the identity of
lightning, and electricity. The making and applying of light-
ning rods is not scientific but electro-mechanical, though
founded upon scientific principals. Science then is the study
of the laws of nature, not the practical application of them.

Man is an inquiring being. The lower animals also are in-
quisitive, but with this difference — they ask, "What is it?"
"Is it good to eat or not?" "Harmful or friendly?" This an-
swered they are satisfied. Man, on the other hand, no sooner
settles these questions than he immediately asks, "Why or
how is it?" And this is the riddle of the Sphinx, that all the
world is trying to answer. What are we? Where did we
come from and whither are we going? The Church-man
points to the Scriptures for an answer, and that for ages suf-
ficed. This gives a vague starting point and an equally vague
objection, but with no details between ; and it is these inter-
mediate details that science is attempting to fill in. Nor can
it be held to be disrespectful or antagonistic to religion or the
Deity to suppose that in going from one point to another we
must pass through intermediate space, and to speculate there-
upon. This speculation is the domain of science and the

1^4 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 53.

"Riddle of Existence" — the point on ever)' side. The astron
omer heaves his glass across the heavens. The microscopis::
cross -sections and slices, the chemist distils, and condenses ;
the geologist digs and maps, and the biologist classifies and
imtcs. They are all working on the one problem in their var-
ious branches — "1 low and why is the Creation?" This is
science and fundamentally there is but one science, though
there are many branches that merge into each other in gradu-
ally fading lines. ( )ne of these lines is Biology, treating of
life in general, which has a branch of Zoology which is again
divided up into many others, birds or Ornithology forming one
of them.

Pure science is speculation, but correct results cannot be ar-
rived at without a close study of facts, and a collection of
data. Speculation, to be scientific, must be founded upon fact
or else chaos reigns and we are farther away from our goal
than ever. Here we are collecting records, data, and noting
habits and mapping out distributions. Should we go no far-
ther than this we have an array of facts interesting in a way
because of their peculiarities, but of no mere value than a
collection of postage stamps or tin tags. When, however, we
compare these with each other, classify them and deduce laws
from them, their true value shows itself.

The mas- of such material requisite for even a superficial
understanding of the laws and conditions governing bird life
is, however, too enormous to be covered by any one man;
neither are all men fitted for all the branches of this work.
The great mass of data gathering must fall upon the lower
rank and tile, leaving the greater intellects free of the drudg-
ery. And so we study Ornithology, that is we note and study
birds in the field and closet— their habits, their structure and
the conditions favorable or adverse, and every fact we gather
and carefully file away where greater men can find them. It
is interesting of itself and who knows what use may be made
of the nest insignificant fact thus gathered. Ornithology
thus followed is a branch of the science; and the hope and aim
of our work is that: some day it may fill a little gap in our
knowledge, and help us in an infinitesmal way to reconstruct
the scenes of the past or formulate the prophec) of the future,

Taverner — On Priority. 12s

PRIORITY.

BY P. A. TAVERXER.

We live in hopes, in fact we have lived in hopes for these
many years past, that, some day all the precedents will have
been exhausted and we will have achieved that milleninm when
onr nomenclature will he stable, when we can write a Latin
name with some reasonable hope that the student who delves
not in archeologieal terminology will be able to understand
what species we are speaking about.

Theoretically, the supply of precedents cannot be inexhaus-
tible; we therefore hail each, and every change with the com-
forting thought: ''One name nearer the end."

There comes a time, however, when patience ceases to be ;
virtue. When we see old idols, the friends of our childhood,
ruthlessly dashed to the ground — when old Corvus america-
nus is relegated to the dust heap of synonomy after years of
fond association, when Bubo is threatened with like extinc-
tion,—then we wonder what this sacred thing Priority is.
Whether nomenclature is really a "Means to an end" as Prin-
ciple I say, or whether it exists for the glory of dead, long-
forgotten ornithologists — often of questionable attainments —
who, by a streak of luck, happened to tack the first name upon
a bird of which lie, perhaps, saw merely a fragment, and knew
as little of its place in the living world as we do of mushrooms
on Mars.

The scientific nomenclature exists avowedly for stability
alone. Let him who doubts this peruse the lists of synonomy
that adorn our manuals. It is amusing then to turn to the
vernacular names which have no scientific standing, and are
subject to every whim of the passing speaker and scribbler.
It seems like a travesty upon our system of taxonomy that
the vulgar names that are discarded by mature scientists as
too evanesent for recognition have proved stable in so high a
degree, while the stem of Latin and Greek derivatives chosen

126 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 53.

for that same quality of stability have fluctuated like the tides
without their regularity. They have been bandied about by the
breath of every dusty book worm that has happened upon an
author who happened to have put a name in the first chapter
instead of the second of his miss-gotten book. Technicality
after technicality has been made use of, often directly against
the evident wishes of the original author, and to-day one hes-
itates to use a name for fear that before the paper passes
through the printer's hands it will be antiquated in its phrase-
ology.

In conclusion let us ask. Has not the law of Priority been,
reduced to a fetish? and is a name really applied to a species
for convenience in handling or to the end that a man's name
may go down to posterity attached in an abbreviated form to
an already too long bi- or trinomial ? In brief, is the scientist
made for the name or the name for the scientist ? Which
wags, the tail or the dog?

THREE HITHERTO UNKNOWN PELICAN RECORDS

FOR OHIO.

While in Port Clinton, Ohio, in July, 1903, I found out that
a jeweler by the name of Dewit had shot a Pelican the preced-
ing fall on Lake Erie. The specimen was taken along to New
York City by a friend of his and mounted in that city.

About twenty years ago a Pelican was shot \]/2 miles south
of Tiffin on Sandusky River and stood mounted for years
in a local cigar store. In November, 1901, another Pelican
was shot by some local hunters in the Bloomville marshes in
Seneca Co. I do not know what became of the specimen.
Thev were all Pelicanus ervthrorhynchos.

W ADDITION TO THE BIRDS OF MIDDLE SOUTH-
ERN OHIO.

The fact that Dr. Jones and Rev. Dawson found the Black
Terns along the ( )hio River in August, 1902, and also

Special Investigation for 1906. . 127

that a bird answering this description was shot in the fail of
1904 near Waverly, O., and so reported to me by Attorney J.
A. Douglass, a careful observer of birds in that region, make
it advisable to add this bird to my list of Birds of Middle
Southern Ohio at least ex hypothesi.

W. F. Henninger.

SPECIAL INVESTIGATION FOR 190G.

Believing that the time has come when we can venture upon
a line of investigation not hitherto attempted seriously, your
President announces that for the coming year, and longer if
necessary to accomplish the ends sought, our line of special
investigation will be the breeding habits of some of our birds.
This announcement is made at this time and in this general
way in preparation for a fuller announcement later, and in
preparation for the work of the coming year which we may
not have definitely planned yet. It is hoped that every reader
of this notice will definitely plan to give as much time as pos-
sible to the study of all phases of the breading of our birds,
or as many phases as he or she may be able to, in the coming
year. Schedules will be mailed to all who are willing to do
even a little toward making a final report upon this work valu-
able. With everybody contributing a little a great work will
be done. If you do not receive one of these schedules before
the middle of January, 1906, let the lack be known. For a hint
concerning what information is desired consult Bulletin No. 51",
page 61 .

THE WILSON BULLETIN.

A Quarterly Magazine Devoted to the Study of Living Birds.
Official Organ of the Wilson Ornithological Club.

Edited by LYNDS JONES.

PUBLISHED BY THE CLUB, AT OBERLIN, OHIO.

Price in the United States, Canada and Mexico, s" centsa year, 15 cents a number, postpa
Price in all countries in the International Postal Union, 65 cents a > ear, 20 cents a number.
Subscriptions may be sent to Lynds Jones Obetlin, Ohio, or to Mr. Frank L. Burns, Ber-
wyn, Penn., or to Mr. John W. Daniel, Jr., Washington, D. C.

EDITORIAL.

A complete index fcr the current volume will he mailed with
the March number for 1900, together with an "Errata". It ha>
not been possible to prepare the copy for the Index to accompany
the present number.

As a slight departure from census taking, the editor suggests
that a "Winter List" of the birds be kept fcr the months of De-
cember, January, and February, up to February 20, and such
lists, accompanied with a statement of the numbers of individuals
of each species seen, be sent to the editor immediately after the
20th, so that they may appear in the March number. Such lists
should prove interesting and valuable fcr comparison of localities,
particularly if the average depth of snow, and the percentage of
time during which the ground is covered accompanies the list.

We are pleased to be able to announce that Mr. Frank M. Chap-
man's book upon the Warblers is progressing satisfactorily, and
that ere long we shall be able to make it our constant compan-
ion. Ir will surely greatly simplify the study of this difficult group
of birds.

In the West two bird books of great importance are in prepara
tion. The mere pretentious one is a two volume popular scien-
tific book upon the Birds of Washington, by Rev. William Leon
Dawson, now of Seattle. This book will follow the lines of the
author's Ohio book, but will surpass even that excellent work in
every way. Advance copies of photographs from life indicate that

General Notes. 120

this work will be profusely illustrated with photographs of the
highest rank.

The other work is being prepared by Rev. P. B. Peabody, now of
Newcastle, Wyoming, upon the nesting of our birds. This book
promises to greatly advance our knowledge of the birds along
these lines, where the author is well known to be especially
strong.

ELECTION OF NEW MEMBERS.

The following persons are proposed for active membership:
Mr. L. N. Goodenough, Girdly, Pa.; Rev. P. B. Peabody, Newcastle,
Wyo.

Emlen Wood, Devon, Chester County, Pa., is proposed for Asso-
ciate membership.

GENERAL NOTES.

EXTRACTS FROM MY NOTE BOOK— 1905.

February 28 — Made a survey on Private Caims 120 and 570, Grosso
Pointe Townships. Day Cloudy with a very strong northwest, wind
and temperature 32°. Little snow in center of fields, but four feet
deep near fences. An immense flock of Snowflakes in sight all day:
was steadily increased by new arrivals. These came across Lake
St. Clair, flying directly into the wind, and not more than five feet
above the ice. There was plenty of room for them to pass between
The trees along the shore, but none were seen to do so. They rose
above the tree tops and settled to about the former level on the
other side, but did not pause until they joined the large flock two
miles inland. American Pipits were also unusually numerous, but
not in evidence until you walked among them. The first and largest
flocks consisted of about fifty individuals. They disliked the strong
wind and it was amusing to watch them creep along the sides of
furrows and other sheltered places. A rather deep wagon rut was
lined with them. A single bird and several bunches of 4 to 8 were
flushed later.

March 26— Day cloudy with light sprinkling of rain at times.
Temperature 46° at 9 p. m. Went out to large woods on P. C. 317,
Dearborn Township. Saw a pair of Hermit Thrushes. One of the
eight Towhees noted was a female.

April 2 — Day windy and clear. Average temperature 40".
Tramped over a portion of Monguagon and Brownstown Town-
ships. Large flock of Purple Finches in small open woods. None
seen elsewhere.

April 16 — While searching Tlie bushlands to-day for woodcock

i3o The Wilson Bulletin — No. 53.

nests I found two of the robin containing lour eggs each. Rather
early considering the backward season. Snow fell so thick at.
times that nothing could be seen at fifty yards. Average tempera-
ture 34°.

April 30 — Went out for warblers to-day and secured seven species,
those a trifle early being Black and White, Chestnut-sided and
Tennessee.

May 2 — First Nighthawk to-day.

May 4 — My brother found a Prairie Horned Lark's nest (in the
city of Wyandotte) to-day containing five eggs. An unusually large
set, three cr four being the common number.

June 21 — Saw a female Lesser Scaup Duck today and yesterday
in the marsh bordering the Detroit River in River Rouge Village.
Was very tame. Never before observed by me in summer.

July 3 — Towards evening tc-day I saw a bird in the chestnut tree
in front of the house which, from general size and shape, I took
to be a Yellcw-thrcated Vireo. Some peculiarity of motion soon
riveted my attention; then I saw the white eye-ring and dashed
into the house for the field glass. In the meantime the bird had
very kindly come down into the lower branches. Yes, it was a fe-
male Connecticut Warbler. Now I am wondering whether she was
a late spring or early fall migrant — probably the latter. During
the regular migration I saw my first specimen, a female, on May
9. and last, a male, en May 21 — the rule reversed.

J. CLAIRE WOOD

Wayne County, Michigan.

BIRD MIGRATION AT KIRKWOOD, GEORGIA.

15V ROBERT WINDSOR SMITH.

The following records, made during the month of April, 1900.
within a radius of three miles from Kirkwood station, DeKab)
county, are worthv rf permanent preservation. The dates given
are those upon which the species enumerated under them were
first seen. These records, which represent a great amount o
careful and persistent work on the part of Mr. Smith, furnish a"
excellent basis fcr comparison with regions farther to the north. —
I Ed iter.]

April 1, I! a. m.. temperature 32°. Thin coating of ice in the
horse trough. Peach and plum blooms well out. Pears just show-
ing the white in the bud. Forest trees showing green in the bud.-.

April 3. 72°. Word Pe\V< e.

April 4, 56°. Myrtle Warbler.

April 10, 60°. Yellow Warbler. Black and White WaTbler, Syca
more Warbler, Kentucky Warbler, Hooded Warbler. Indigo Bunt-
ing, Summer Tanager, Red-eyed Vireo, White-eyed Vireo, Louis-
iana Water-Thrush. Maryland Yellow-throat, Weed Thrush.

General Notes. 131

April 12, 44c. Kingbird.

April 13, 34°. Light frost.

April 15, 68°. Chimney Swift.

April 17, 64°. Crested Flycatcher, Cliff Swallow, Robins anl
Meadowlarks disappeared.

April IS, 62°. Parula Warbler, Catbird.

April 19, 60°. Whippoorwill (female), Yellow-breasted Chat,
Ruby-throated Hummingbird.

April 20, 70°. Magnolia Wtarbler, American Redstart, Yellow-
bellied Sapsucker.

April 21, 74°. Blue Grosbeak, Scarlet Tanager, Yellow-throateJ
Vireo, Myrtle Warbler, Cape May Warbler, Ruby-crowned Kingk*
(the only bird seen this season).

April 22, 64° Orchard Oriole, Nighthawk.

April 24, 68°. Black-poll Warbler, Chestnut-sided Warbler, Rosp-
breasted Grosbeak (rare and irregular).

April 28, 82°. Palm Warbler, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Bachmann's
Sparrow.

April 30, 70°. Chuck-will's widow (rare).

BIRD CASUALITIES.

RY P. A. TAVERNER.

The broken leg described in the October Auk (A Broken Pigeon'.-
Leg that Healed Itself. Page 412) suggests a Tennessee Warbler
that was taken here this fall by B. H. Swales. The bird in question,
when shot, had a fragment of a small twig projecting from its
forehead. On dissection it was found that the end of the twig
was imbedded in a cavity in the skull between the eyes and just
beyond the base of the bill. The bird appeared to be healthy, and
there was no inflammation in the injured parts. The twig was firm-
ly held in the position where it had been driven, and projected
from the skull nearly an eighth of an inch.

I recall another bird, this time a Ruffed Grouse, taken by myself
in Muskoka, Ontario, in the fall of 1896. This was a very similar
case, but the twig had penetrated between the femur and the body,
and was between two and three inches long. Almost half its
length projected into the bcdy and it was covered with a waxy de-
posit that smoothed all its unevenness and so permitted free play
of the thigh along it. There was no inflammation, and the bird
seemed to be in gocd health at the time it was killed, but its worn
plumage bespoke hard times but shortly passed. The exposed
part of the twig was worn smooth and polished by friction with
surrounding objects.

In both these cases the twigs pointed forward, and it is evident
that the injuries were sustained by flying into branches of trees.
Both birds were birds of the year.

132 The Wilson Bulletin — No. 53.

An unusual number of cripples were found this year among the
waders, a large percentage of which had broken legs more or less
healed. None, however, had splints or bandages other than could
be accounted for by the usual cementing powers of blood.

At Pearl Beach, St. Clair county, a Coot met an untimely death
by flying into a barbed wire fence and getting the strong tendons
of the wing twisted about a barb. The bird had evidently hung
and struggled severely until death put an end to its misery.

Detroit, Mich.

A Fourth Record of the Barn Owl for Seneca Co.

In the January number of the Auk, 1903, Volume XX, page 67, I
recorded three specimens of this species for Seneca County. To
these I am now able to add a fourth, a female shot two miles north
of Tiffin, which I mounted for a farmer. The time of the year, Au
gust 12, 1905, makes it appear probable that this species may oc-
casionallv breed here. W. F. HEMINGWAY.

NOTICES OF RECENT LITERATURE.

Birds from Mount Kilimanjaro. By Harry C. Oberholser. From
the Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, Vol. XXVIII, pages
823-936. No. 1411. 1905.

This paper is the result of a study of the collection of Dr. W. L.
Abbott consisting of 684 specimens which represent 256 species
and subspecies belonging to 59 families. Several new genera,
species and subspecies are here described, and each species is ac-
companied with copious notes. L. J.

I. Birds from the Islands of Romblon, Sibuyan, and Cresta de
Gallo.

II. Further Notes on Birds from Ticao, Cuyo, Culion, Calayan,
Lubang, and Luzon.

By Richard McGregor. (Bureau of Government Laboratories).

These two papers (bound together) bring the excellent work of
Mr. McGregor among our far eastern islands down to date. Four
new species are described. Eleven good half-tone plates add to
the value of the papers. L. J.

Birds known to Eat the Boll Weevil. By Vernon Bailey.

This is a report of the Biological Survey, in which it is shown
that eleven species of birds are known to eat this destructive in-
sect. It is significantly remarked by the author that the nongame
birds, which are protected by the law, are ruthlessly slaughtered,
in Texas. Let the campaign of education concerning the birds go
steadilv on. L. J.

Recent Literature. 133

The Rob-white and Other Quails of the United States in their
Economic Relations. By Sylvester D. Judd.

This excellent paper upon the life histories of the quails is ac-
companied by a colored plate of Bob-white, and an engraving of
Gambel Quail, both by Louis Agassiz Fuertes. Dr. Judd makes out
a clear case for the whole quail group, and clearly shows that
from every standpoint the birds should be encouraged to in-
crease. L. J.

Special Report on the Decrease of Certain Birds, and its Causes,
with Suggestions for Bird Protection. By Edward Howe Forebush.
Prepared under the direction of the Massachusetts State Board of
Agriculture.

In this excellent paper Mr. Forebush carefully reviews all the
possible causes for decrease of birds in Massachusetts, showing
that man is the most responible, and points out ways and means by
which the destruction may be checked, if not make an increase
possible. L. J.

Birds of the vicinity of the University of Indiana. By W. L.
McAtee. September, 1905. From the Proceedings of the Indiana
Academy of Sciences, pages 65 to 202, including half-tones of 32
nests with eggs.

This paper treats of 225 species of birds, which is 70 per cent,
of all of the birds found in the state of Indiana. When it is known
that the territory over which these 225 species has been found
is but ten miles in diameter, with the city of Bloomington as a
center, it is a remarkably large list, and speaks well for the care-
ful study given to the bird fauna of this region. Migration tables
for each species are given, most of them covering several years.
One can not avoid noting the great disparity between the spring
and fall records, which seems to be common to most migration
records. Future work on the migrations should seek to correct
this disparity. Copious notes upon the breeding of the summer
birds add materially to the value of the paper. The paper does
not pose as one containing only new things, but contains many
references to former publications. It is much more than a local
faunal list, and should prove valuable to students of birds every-
where, but particularly so to those residing in that part of In-
diana. L. J.

The Horned Larks and their Relation to Agriculture. By W. L.
McAtee. Bulletin No. 23, the Biological Survey, U. S. Department
of Agriculture, 37 pages, with two plates and several text cuts.

This paper brings into prominence the fact that this group of
birds is wholly beneficial to agriculture. The curious fact is
brought out that the California form Otccoris alpestris actia, eat 5
40.0 per cent, of grain, whereas all of the other forms eat but 12.2
of grain. But the California birds are not therefore harmful be-

i.U The Wilson Bulletin — iNo. sj.

cause the individuals are few In number and the greater portion
of the grain is waste. L. J.

SPECIAL PAPERS RECEIVED.

Twenty-fourth Annual Report, Cincinnati Museum Association.
1904.

Papers from the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Wash-
ington. By Harry C. Oberholser.

Description of a New Vireo. (Vireo bellii medius) from Texas.

Description of a New Telmatodytes. (T. palustris thryophilus).

Description of a New Genus and Species of Trochllidae. (Aero-
nymph a prci-antis).

The North American forms of Astragalinus psaltria (Say).

Notes on the generic name Hylophilus.

Seven new birds from Paraguay.

The Ruff (Pavoncella pugnax) in Indiana. By Ruthven Deane.
From the Auk, XXII, October, 1905, pp. 410-411.

The Postglacial Dispersal of the North American Biota. By C.
C. Adams.

Ontario Ornithological Notes. By A. B. Klug. From the Ot
tawa Naturalist.

Notes on the Nomenclature of certain Genera of Birds. By H.
C. Oberholser.

A New Subspecies of Ground Dove from Mona Island, Porto
Rico. By J. H. Riley. From Proceedings U. S. Nat. Mus. No.
1418.

A Hyper-laken Migration Route. By P. A. Taverner. From
Bulletin Mich. Orn. Club.

Description cf a new Sylvietta. By H. C. Oberholser.

The Mammals and Summer Birds of Western North Carolina.
By H. C. Oberholser.

CURRENT PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.
American Ornithology, Vol. V, Nos. G, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11.
Bird-Lore, Vol. VII, Nos. , 4, 5.
Boys and Girls, Vol. V, Nos. 1, 2.
Condor, The. Vol. VII, Nos. 4, 5.

Journal of the Maine Ornithological Society, Vol. VII, No. 3.
Maine Sportsman, Vol. XII, Nos. 141 to 147.
Nature-Study Review, Vol. 1, Nos. 1 to 6.
Ornithologisches Monatschrift, Vol. XXX, Nos. 5, 6, 7, 8.
Monthly Bulletin, The, Pennsylvania State Department of Agri-
culture. Vol. Ill, Nos. 4, 5.

Oologist, The, Vol. XII. Nos. 9, 10.

Warbler. The, Vol. I (Second series). Nos. 3, 4.