GENEALOGY COLLECTION ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01745 1961 GENEALOGY 942.3101 W714M 1894-1896 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014 https://archive.org/details/wiltshirearchaeo2818godd WILTSHIRE IrrjiMlngital anil Sntnral iistatj MAGAZINE, Putiltgljctr tmifcr ttjc SBtrccttou ot tljc &orict» FORMED IN THAT COUNTY, A.D. 1853. VOL. XXVIII. 1894-96. DEVIZES : Hurry & Pearson, 4, St. John Street. June, 1896. The Editor of the Wiltshire Magazine desires that it should be distinctly understood that neither he nor the Committee of the Wiltshire Archceo logical and Natural History Society hold themselves in any way answerable for any statements or opinions expressed in the Magazine ; for all of which the Authors of the several papers and communications are alone responsible. CONTENTS OF VOL. XXVIII. No. LXXXII. December, 1894. PAGE 87 fcporl of the Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society for the year July. 1893-July, 1894 lemoir of Mr. John Legg. of Market Lavington, Wilts : by the Rev. ^ A. C. Smith , o Burials in Woollen : by the Rev. Canon Eddeup ....... The Church of All Saints, Martin, Wilts : by C E. Ponting, F.S.A 17 Notes from the Diary of Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, First Earl of Shaftesbury : born 1621, died 1683 : by the late J. Waylen ....... U Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire : by the Rev. ^ E. H. GODDAED Wiltshire Books. Pamphlets, and Articles Additions to Museum and Library — T "TZ 686578 No. LXXXIII. June, 1895. Account of the Forty-first General Meeting, at Marlborough 75 Notes on Upper TJpham Manor-House : by Haeold Bbakspeae, L^ra^B^'c^^wyJto., found at Southgrove Farm, Burbage: by the Rev. E. H. Goddaed Y' The Geology of the Railway Line from Chiseldon to Collingbourne : by F J Bennett, F.G.S., H.M. Geological Survey 91 Notes on Objects from a Saxon Interment at Basset Down : by the Rev. E. H. Goddaed • The Belfry formerly standing in the Close, Salisbury, and its Bells : by ^ John Haeding ■■ Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough: by C. E. •o-A The Gravestone of Ilbert de Chaz : by C. H. Talbot 146 Lists of Non-Parochial Registers and Records : Copied and Communicated 140 by Mr. A. Coleman ■• ' Notes on Aldbourne Church : by E. Doean Webb, F.S.A 15b Richard Jefferies -Bibliographical Addenda : by Geoege E. Daetnell ^ (Continued) • • Notes, Archaeological and Historical < Notes on Natural History 7 Personal Notices of Wiltshiremen l* Notes on Wiltshire Books, &c Magazine Articles, Ac, on Wiltshire Subjects 1»» Other Books and Articles by Wiltshiremen 19» The Sale of Canon Jackson's Library ^ Additions to Museum iv CONTENTS OF VOL. XX VIII. No. LXXXIY. December, 1895. page! Report of the Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society for the year July, 1894- July, 1895 201 Notes on the Documentary History of Zeals : by John Batten, F.S.A. 203 Index to the " Wiltshire Institutions " as printed by Sir Thomas Phillipps : compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A., February, 1851... 210 A Sketch of the History of Hill Deverill : by John U. Powell, M.A. 235 Notes, Archaeological and Historical 252 Personal Notices of Wiltshiremen „. 266 j Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles 269 Additions to Museum and Library 277 No. LXXXV. June, 1896. Account of the Forty-Second General Meeting at Corsham 279 J The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries : by the Rev. W. Gilcheist Clabk, M.A 288 Notes on Places Visited by the Society in 1895 : by Habold Beakspeae, A.R.I.B.A. , 319 Notes on Corsham Church : by C. H. Talbot 334 Notes on Lacock Church by C. H. Talbot 342 Wilts Obituary 353 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles 356 Additions to Museum and Library 365 Illustrations. All Saints, Martin, Wilts, 17. Maces at Wootton Bassett, Malmesbury, and Marlborough, 30. Maces at Devizes and Salisbury, and Sword at Wootton Bassett, 31. Loving Cups at Devizes and Calne, and Snuff Box at Calne, 33. Watchman's Horn and Brass Badge at Salisbury, and Mace at Chippenham, 56. Maces and Tankard, Wilton, 57. Upper Upham Manor House, 84. Articles (figs 1—4) from Romano-British Interment at Southgrove Farm, Burbage, 88. Romano-British Cross-bow Catch of Bone, from Southgrove Farm ; Steel example of ditto from 16th Century Cross-bow ; and Roman Stamp from Broad Hinton, 89. Diagram and Sketch Map of the Geology of the Railway Cutting from Chiseldon to Collingbourne, 92. Iron objects (figs. 1—5) from Saxon Interment at Bassett Down, 105. Objects (figs. 6—18) found in Saxon Interments at Basset Down, 106. Saxon Saucer- shaped Fibulae (figs. 19 and 20), found at Basset Down, 107. Ground Plan, East Elevation, and Sections of Chapel at Chisbury, 126. Plan and Elevation of Windows, Details of East Window, &c, at Chisbury Chapel, 126. 16th Century Spur found at Malmesbury Abbey, 263. Iron Key of the Roman Period found at Oldbury Camp, 263. Bronze Armlet from Lake, 263. Chapel Plaister— Plan and Details, 332. No. LXXXII. DECEMBER, 1894. Vol. XXVIII. THE WILTSHIRE Irrjiiriiliigirul anil Hottrail listen, MAGAZINE, PuMts'ijrtr imtrcr fyt fiBtrertttm OF THE SOCIETY FORMED IN THAT COUNTY, A.D. 1853. EDITED BY REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett. DEVIZES : Printed and sold for the Society by Hurry & Pearson, St. John Street. Price with Part IT. of Wilts Inquisitions, 5s. 6d. ; alone, 3s. 6d. Members Gratis- NOTICE TO MEMBERS. TAKE NOTICE, that a copious Index for the preceding eight Volumes of the Magazine will be found at the end of Vols, viii., xvi., and xxiv. Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society for the current year, are requested to remit the same forthwith to the Financial Secretary, Mr David Owen, 31, Long Street, Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply of Magazines should be addressed. The Numbers of this Magazine will be delivered gratis, as issued, to Members who are not in arrear of their Annual Subscrip- tions, but in accordance with Byelaw No. cS " The Financial Secretary shall give notice to Members in arrear, and the Society's publications will not be forwarded to Members whose subscriptions shall remain unpaid after such notice. " All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre- taries : H. E. Medltcott, Esq., Sand field, Potterne, Devizes ; and the Rev. E. H. Goddaud, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett. A resolution has been passed by the Committee of the Society, " that it is highly desirable that every encouragement should be given towards obtaining second copies of Wiltshire Parish Registers." THE SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS. To be Obtained of Mr. D. Owen, 31, Long Street, Devizes. THE BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. One Volume, Atlas 4to, 248 pp., 17 large Haps, and 110 Woodcuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 2s. One copy offered to each Member of the Society, at £1 11*. 6c/. THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo, 504 pp., with map, Extra Cloth. By the Rev. T. A. Preston, M.A. Price to the Public, 16*. ; but one copy offered to every Member of the Society at half- price. CATALOGUE OF THE SOCIETY'S LIBRARY AT THE MUSEUM, Price 3*. 6d. CATALOGUE OF WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS IN THE SOCIETY'S COLLECTION. Price 6d. BACK NUMBERS OF THE MAGAZINE. Price 5*. 6d. (except in the case of a few Numbers, the price of which is raised.) A reduction, however, is made to Members taking several copies. WILTSHIRE— THE TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS OF JOHN AUBREY, F.R.S., A.D. 1659-70. Corrected and Enlarged by the Rev. Canon J. E. Jackson, M.A., F.S.A. In 4to, Cloth, pp. 491, with 46 Plates. Price £2 10*. INDEX OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL PAPERS. The alphabetical Index of Papers published in 1891, 1892, and 1893, by the various Archaeological and Antiquarian Societies throughout England, compiled under the direction of the Congress of Archaeological Societies. Price 3d. each. THE BIRDS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo., 613 pp., Extra Cloth. By the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. Price reduced to 10*. 6d. THE WILTSHIRE Irrjjorolngiral anil lateral listartj MAGAZINE. No. LXXXII. DECEMBER, 1894. Vol. XXVIII- Contents* page Report of The Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society for the year July, 1893— July, 1894 1 Memoir of Mr. John Legg, of Market Lavington, Wilts : by the Rev. A. C. Smith 5 Burials in Woollen : by the Rev. Canon Eddrup 13 The Church of All Saints, Martin, Wilts : by C. E. Ponting, F.S.A 17 Notes from the Diary of Sir Anthony AsHLEy Cooper, First Earl of Shaftesbury : born 1621, Died 1683 : by the late J. Waylen 22 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire : by the Rev. E. H. Goddard 28 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles 63 Additions to Museum and Library .u 71 ILLUSTRATIONS. Maces at Wootton Bassett, Malmesbury, and Marlborough 30 Maces at Devizes and Salisbury, and Sword at Wootton Bassett 31 Loving Cups at Devizes and Calne, and Snuff Box at Calne 33 Watchman's Horn and Brass Badge at Salisbury, and Mace at Chippenham 56 Maces and Tankard, Wilton 57 DEVIZES :— Hurry & Pearson, 4, St. John Street. THE WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE. MULTOEUlt MANIBUS GEANDE LEVATUE ONUS." — Ovid. DECEMBER, 1894r. Natural Pistorg j^oactg Jor tlje fear 3ulg, 1893 Mg, 1894. [Read at the General Meeting of the Society at Marlborough, July \$th, 1894] a; jHE Committee has again the pleasure of reporting the wjj continued prosperity of the Society. In spite of times which cannot by any means be regarded as times of prosperity with our Members (who, in an agricultural county like ours, must nearly all be connected more or less directly with the land), our Society has been able to maintain its reputation, its numbers, and its funds. As to its numbers : we had on our books on July 1st, 1894, twenty- three Life Members, three hundred and fifty-two Annual Members, and twenty-one Exchange Members, a total of three hundred and ninety-six, as against three hundred and ninety-three on the same date last year. [Eight new Members were elected at the Annual Meeting, raising the total to over four hundred for the first time in the records of the Society.] During the year ending 30th June, 1894, thirty-seven new Members have been elected. There have been nine losses by death during the same period, amongst which we have specially to deplore the loss of the Kev. C. Soames, of Mildenhall, who joined the Society in 1859, was a valued contributor to the pages of the Magazine, and a reliable authority on numis- matics. We have also to mention Mr. James Waylen, who has VOL. XXVIII. NO. LXXXII. H 2 Report of the Society for the Year July, 1893 — July, 1894. long Leon known as the Historian of Marlborough and Devizes. A notice of him and his works appears in the last number of the Magazine. Within the last few days we observe the death of one of our Vice-Presidents, Sir Henry A. Hoare, Bart. ; a name which has been prominently connected with Wiltshire archaeology for nearly a century. Of resignations we have to record twenty-five, most of those resigning having left the county. " As to finance, a copy of the accounts (which we must thank our Honorary Auditors for having examined) is printed with the last number of the Magazine. They do not present any exceptional feature, unless we so regard the handsome surplus of £17 10$. re- ceived from the Warminster Local Committee last year in aid of the general funds of the Society. " Numbers 80 and 81 of our Magazine, completing the twenty- seventh volume, have been issued since our last Meeting. The character of the papers (some by old friends ; some, we are glad to observe, by new) fully maintains its position amongst such county journals. If the cost of producing the present volume is somewhat in excess of the average, this is quite explained by the numerous illustrations, which so materially add to the interest of the papers. " The lists of additions to the Museum and Library during the year, chiefly by way of donations, are recorded at the end of each number of the Magazine. They include the Eomano-British objects from Cold Kitchen Hill, presented by Mr. William Stratton, and a fine specimen of Pleiosaurus, presented by the Swindon Brick and Tile Company. The principal gifts, however, have been bestowed on the Library, which has been enriched by a large number of Wiltshire books, pamphlets, and engravings, partly acquired by exchange for duplicates in the collection and by purchase, but chiefly due to the bequest of Wilts Tracts by the late Mr. James Waylen, the gifts of Wilts books and pamphlets by Mr. W. Cunnington, and of engravings and portraits by Mrs. H. Cunnington and others. These additions, numbering many hundreds of items, are a con- siderable step towards making the Library what it should be — viz., a real Library of reference for all Wiltshire matters. The pamphlets have been carefully arranged in a more accessible form than before Report of the Society for the Tear July, 1893— July, 1894. 3 by Mr. Goddard. The list of ' books wanted,' which appears on cover of the last number of the Magazine, is printed in the hope that it may suggest to some of our Members the possibility of filling up some of the gaps which still exist in our collection, more par- ticularly in the matter of biographies and works of natives of Wiltshire. Our desire, however, is not merely to accumulate treasure, but, by means of carefully-compiled catalogues, to make that treasure accessible to our Members. A catalogue of the Library is in hand, prepared by our Hon. Librarian, Mr. Heward Bell, and beyond this the Wilts Bibliography referred to in Mr. Clifford Holgate's paper in vol. xxvi., p. 221, is making progress. " Mr. W. Cunnington, second to none in qualifications for the task, is engaged in preparing a catalogue of the Stourhead Col- lections. A new list of Members was printed with the November Magazine. "At the Annual Congress of Archaeological Societies, held at Burlington House, July, 1893, we were represented by Mr. Ooddard and Mr. Ponting. Several matters of interest were under discussion, and it seems advisable that our Society should continue to be repre- sented at this meeting. " The Committee recently applied to the Technical Education Committee of the Wilts County Council for a grant for the County Museum. It was pointed out, in reply, that no grant can be made unless a systematic course of instruction in technical subjects is pro- vided by the Society. The matter will receive further consideration. " The Committee recommends the election of Mr. Nevil Story Maskelyne, F.E.S., of Basset Down House, as a Vice-President. Mr. Story Maskelyne is a past President of the Society, and it needs no saying that he is one of our most distinguished Members. Mr. Harold Brakspear, of Corsham, if elected to the post of Hon. Local Secretary for the N.W. district, will kindly undertake to represent us and forward our interests. " According to precedent, the Society met last year in the south of the county, at Warminster. An account of this Meeting appears in the last number of the Magazine. A strong and well- organized Local Committee undertook all the arrangements, and the Members B 2 4 Report of the Society for the Year July, 1893 — hdy, 1894. present received a most cordial and hospitable welcome, not only in Warminster itself, but throughout the district. This year the Com- mittee selected Marlborough as its meeting-place, under the auspices of Sir Henry Bruce Meux, Bart., our new President. Marlborough was visited in September, 1859, and in August, 1879. The records of both Meetings contain much of permanent interest to the archse- ologist. The excursions on both occasions were seriously interfered with by the weather, the storm on Clench Common, on the 13th August, 1879, being a memorable one, even for that year, the wettest of the century. It is to be hoped we may be more favoured in July, 1894. The greater part of the ground to be covered during this Meeting was never visited from Marlborough before. Eamsbury and Aldbourne were visited from Hungerford in 1867, but the records of that Meeting are comparatively brief, and so little in the way of papers describing the places visited on the excursions then made seems to have found its way into the Magazine, that nearly .all we hope to see on the first day may be regarded as new to the Society. " We are fortunate in having with us the historian of the Hundred of Eamsbury, who has most kindly undertaken to act as our guide during the greater part of the day. " In conclusion, the Committee urges the Members not to relax their efforts. In this county, so remarkable for its antiquities, nobody can for a moment doubt that much yet remains to be dis- covered and explained who will take the trouble to inspect the collection of most interesting objects arranged in the Town Hall, nearly the whole of which have been brought to light since we last visited Marlborough. As Sir John Lubbock said here in 1879, ' What has been done in comparison with what remains to do is really but a flea-bite in the ocean,' quoting a graphic simile of Sir Greorge Balfour's in the House of Commons a few days before." 5 fflcmotv of fitt'. |oIju ^rgg, of Jlaiid f SDingtou, Milts, Sin a&banceti ©mixologist of tfje XStlj Centurg. By the Rev. A. C. Smith. N 1780 was published anonymously, price one shilling, in paper covers, " printed and sold, for the Author, by Collins and Johnson, of Salisbury ; sold also by Fielding and Walker, of Paternoster Row," a post 8vo treatise of x. and 45 pages, bearing on its title-page the following very lengthy description of its contents, after the manner of the age in which it was written : — " A discourse on the Emigration of British Birds, or this Question at last solv'd, Whence come the Stork and the Turtle, the Crane and the Swallow, when they know and observe the appointed time of their coming P Containing a curious, particular and circumstantial account of the respective retreats of all those Birds of Passage which visit our island at the commencement of spring, and depart at the approach of winter ; as, the Cuckow, Turtle. Stork, Crane, Quail, Goatsucker, the Swallow tribe, Nightingale, Blackcap, Wheatear, Stonechat, Whinchat, Willow Wren, Whitethroat, Etotoli, Flycatcher, &c, &c. Also a copious en- tertaining and satisfactory relation of Winter Birds of Passage, among which are the Woodcock, Snipe, Fieldfare, Redwing, Royston Crow, Dotterel, &c. ; shewing the different countries to which they retire, the places where they breed, and how they perform their Annual Emigrations, &c, with a short account of those Birds that migrate occasionally, or only shift their quarters at certain seasons of the year. To which are added Reflections on that truly admirable and wonderful instinct, the Annual Migration of Birds ! By a Naturalist." What makes this treatise so remarkable is that it enunciates the true story of the migration of birds, so far in advance of general belief on that point : for at the period when it was written, and indeed well into the present century, it was commonly supposed that hybernation in hollow trees, holes of rocks and caves, and even submergence at the bottom of ponds, lakes, and rivers, during the winter, was the best explanation of the disappearance of the swallows, warblers, and other soft-billed spucies in the autumn. We all know 6 Memoir of Mr. John Legg, of Market Lavington, Wilts. now that such an hypothesis was untenable, yet it prevailed even among men of scientific attainments ; but our anonymous author, more keenly alive to the truth, rejected these old-world fables, and boldly announced that migration beyond seas was the true solution of the problem; and doubtless his assertion, though long since recognized as the truth, drew down upon him the scorn and ridicule of many of his contemporaries. How far this treatise was read, and how far its theory was accepted, we have no means of knowing ; but that it must have attracted some notice is evident by the fact that a second edition appeared almost immediately after its issue in 1780, " printed in London for Stanley Crowder, Bookseller, No. 12, Paternoster Row, and B. C. Collings, Salisbury. " Again a reprint was issued in "London in 1795 by J. Walker, No. 44, Paternoster Row" ; and once more this reprint was re-issued in " London in 1814," with a new title-page, "Printed for John Brunsby, 33, Castle Street, Leicester Square," and instead of " By a Naturalist," we read, " By George Edwards," which, however, was only a rash guess on the part of the publisher, and a very mistaken guess, as we now know. The only clue to the true authorship of this book, as contained within its covers, is that with the date at the end of the Introduction (page ix.) is given the place where it was written, "Market Lavington, Wilts " : and again, at page 6 the author gives his residence as " Market Lavington, in Wiltshire." By the same author, and at the same date (February 1st, 1780), and by the same publishers, another pamphlet of similar size and shape (pages viii. and 52), also in paper covers, was anonymously issued, entitled : — *' A new Treatise on the art of Grafting and Inoculation : wherein the different methods are copiously considered ; the most successful pointed out ; and every thing relative to these ancient healthful and agreeable Amusements, exhibited in so clear and comprehensive a manner, as will enable those who are perfectly unacquainted with this Department of Gardening, to become Masters of it in a very short time. To which are added directions for chusing (sic) the best Stocks for that purpose, and many curious experiments lately made by the author calculated in a peculiar manner for the use and advantage of the Gardener, as well as for those who would wish to make this rural and pleasing exercise, a part of their amusement. By an experienced Practitioner in this branch of Gardening." By the Rev. A. C. Smith. 7 And of this treatise, too, at least a second edition or reprint im- mediately followed the first : — " Printed for Stanley Crowder, Bookseller, No. 12, Paternoster Row, and B. C. Collins, in Salisbury." In this, too, there is no cine to the identification of the author beyond the date at the end of the preface (page vii.), "Market Lavington, Wilts " : and after the last page, on the inner sheet of the cover, the following advertisement appears : — " This day is published, price 1*., a Discourse on the Emigration of British Birds &c, &c. By a Naturalist. There was yet a third little book of a wholly different character, entitled : — " Meditations and Reflections on the most important subjects, or serious Soliloquies on Life, Death, Judgment, and Immortality. Ry the author of the Emigration of British Birds, &c, &c, Printed at Salisbury by B. C. Collins. 1789." Published anonymously. It contains maxims of piety, reflections on a future state, and much self-condemnation, and shows not a little alarm on account of future retribution for sin. It bears evident marks of long and severe bodily suffering, and of a mind ill at ease, with a morbid inclination to look at the dark side of life : and in it the author, though only thirty-four years of age, speaks of himself as "long afflicted with a violent nervous disorder, attended with lowness of spirits, and great weakness of body .... which gradually debilitated my con- stitution," which determined me to retire from the world, and give myself up to a recluse life, and close retirement, and to spend the remainder of my days in quiet, in religious contemplation and peaceful serenity." (page vii.). This pamphlet gives a further clue to the identification of our anonymous author, for previous to the date at the end of the preface (page x.), "Market Lavington, Wilts, Oct. 2, 1788," we have the important addition of the author's initials, "J. L." Again, bound up and paged with the same treatise is another short pamphlet, entitled " Meditations in a Churchyard, or, Farther Reflections on Death and Immortality. By the Author of Emigration, &c. " : and 8 Memoir of Mr. John Legg, 0/ Market Lavington, Wilts. here, again, at the end of a short preface or advertisement (page 26), we have the locality of the author more accurately given, " Townsend, near Market Lavington " : and the date " Feb. 20, 1789," and his initials "J. L." repeated: so that, from these two little pamphlets, we have it plainly stated that the initials of the author of the " Emigration of British Birds " are J. L. And now we are getting very near to discovering our author, and indeed, with these definite marks to guide us, it may seem strange that there should have been any difficulty in the matter ; nor would there have been, had this third pamphlet come earlier into notice ; but it was not found until after the name of the anonymous author had been revealed. In addition to the three little books enumerated above, our author, still anonymously, contributed a number of articles on various sub- jects to the " Ladies1 Magazine " : some on natural history, some on fiction, and these, too, are signed with the initials " J. L.," and are scattered among many volumes of that periodical. I am informed that he once began a novel, and a few chapters were printed in the same magazine : and then for some unexplained reason he stopped short, and left his story incomplete, to the indignation of the dismayed editor, who doubtless would have endorsed the verdict of his character as given by one of his surviving descendants, that he was a " con- tradictory and strange man." Now these little books of J. L. would doubtless have remained unnoticed and unknown, and the author's name as profoundly lost as he intended when he published them anonymously, if Professor Newton, in his indefatigable researches after such obscure treatises, had not chanced to come across a copy of the " Emigration of British Birds " ; and, astonished at the excellent character of the book, resolved to discover its author ; and seeing the locality whence it was written, " Market Lavington, Wilts," at once wrote to me and desired me to investigate the matter. It is needless to recount here how often I was baffled in my at- tempts ; how the parish registers yielded no information ; enquiries at Market Lavington in all directions proved unavailing,and I had almost proposed to abandon the search as hopeless ; but Professor Bij the Rev. A. C. Smith. 9 Newton, still sanguine of success, urged me to persevere, and con- fidently predicted ultimate triumph : and sure enough I had no sooner addressed a letter of enquiry to the Editors of the two principal local newspapers, the " Devizes Gazette " and " Devizes Advertiser " when a Mr. and Mrs. Brown, of Market Lavington, replied, and gave the welcome information that the unknown author was Mr. John Legg, and this was soon afterwards corroborated by two other independent witnesses, who very kindly wrote to the same effect. The name of our author once ascertained, of course it was easy to follow up his history so far as it could be gathered, though very meagre and scanty are all the particulars I could gain. Indeed the marble tablet, erected to his memory in the chancel of Market Lavington Church, gives the chief details as follows : — " Sacred to the memory of J ohn Legg, son of the late Richard and Jane Legg of this town, who departed this life April 5th 1802 aged 47," and then follow the names of his sisters, " Jane Legg, who died Nov. 14th, 1816 aged 68." "Mary Legg, who died Deer. 29, 1830, aged 80." And " Elizabeth (widow of the Rev. John Palmer, Vicar of Fordington, Dorset), who died Nov. 13, 1829, aged 71." The property which once belonged to our author at Market Lavington still remains in the possession of his family, and though there are no members of it who bear his name now residing in the parish, the lands and houses are still owned by a lady of advanced age, whose mother before her marriage bore the name of Legg ; and at her decease will, I understand, revert to one of the same name, his great nephew, Mr. Henry J. Legge, now residing at Hollyfield, Surbiton Hill, Surrey, where I believe the family have for gene- rations been settled. The only other relatives of whom I can learn anything were his brother the Rev. Joseph Legg, who was for about fifty-four years Perpetual Curate of Maddington, also his son, Richard Henry Legge (nephew to our author) ; and his niece, the late Mrs. Fowle, of Market Lavington, whose sole surviving child (Mrs. Ludlow, of Dorchester) at present holds the Legg property at Market Lavington. It has been stated that John Legg belonged to a branch of the 10 Memoir of Mr. John Legg, of Market Lavington, Wilis. Dartmouth family, and it may have been so, but I can find no evidence of it. It is true that the Dartmouth coat of arms and crest may be seen surmounting one of the monuments of the Legges in Market Lavington Church, but these were added in comparatively recent times by one of the family then residing in the parish, who asserted a connection, though (so far as we can ascertain) without authority. There may, however, have been grounds for such assertion which we have failed to trace. At any rate the present members of the family repudiate such claim. Lord Dartmouth is not aware that any branch of his family had settled in "Wiltshire^ and the present representative of our author (Mr. Henry Legge) expressly says " we never claimed any relationship with the Dart- mouth family." That the name of the Dartmouth family is spelt Legge, and our author signed himself Legg, is quite immaterial to the point in question, as such variations in spelling were common with our ancestors : moreover, as I am informed by Mr. Legge, of Surbiton, the final e, though dropped for some years, was originally added, and was again resumed, and has been in use in his family for more than ninety years. To return to our author, Mr. John Legg. When he published his two treatises on the " Emigration of British Birds," and on " Grafting and Inoculation of Plants," he was only 25 years of age. He lived and died a bachelor, and for some time at least, if not to the end of his short life, his sisters lived with him. He appears to have had no profession, but to have devoted himself in his early years to the study of Nature ; and he is reported by his descendants to have practised the art of grafting and inoculation of trees in his own garden at Lavington : but in the latter part of his life, for he died in middle age, he was absorbed in religious speculations ; and he appears to have latterly given way to melancholy thoughts and unhappy broodings, to which he was doubtless predisposed by much infirmity of body. Family tradition reports that towards the end of his life he shut himself up almost completely, seldom moving beyond his garden, where he indulged in reveries, and mused in solitude : nay, so persistently did he shun the society of his fellows that he objected to be seen in the village street, and to avoid By the Fev. A. C. Smith. 11 observation be is said to have made a private path to the Church, by which be could go unseen by any : and even when a young relative was taken by her mother to visit him, all she ever saw of the recluse was his pigtail as he darted upstairs to avoid the interview. His nephew, too, recorded that he never saw him but once, and that then he never spoke to him. These, I regret to say, are all the authentic particulars I am able to collect about our author's life and family. I admit that he was somewhat eccentric : but that he was at the same time a man of superior intellect is evidenced by his books, and by the correct con- clusions to which diligent investigation brought him : and the more on that account is it to be regretted that a larger work, of which he gives notice in his treatise on " Emigration of Birds," is not to be found either in print or MS. And yet for the assurance that such a work was written and indeed ready for the press, we have his own word : for he says : — " Those who are desirous of being more particularly acquainted with the natural history of the Snipe, and other British Birds, should consult a work en- titled, A new and complete Natural History of British Birds, which, with great labour and expense, we have compiled. This performance is not yet pub- lished, but it is now going to the press, and will appear in a short time .... A curious, particular, and accurate account is given of every bird found in Great Britain, whether aquatic, migratory, or local ; and every thing relating to the nature of birds in general, is treated of in as entertaining a manner as the nature of the subject would allow. In short, we think we may style it, A new and complete system of British Ornithology. See more of the particulars of this work in the Ladies Magazine for October, 1779, page 528." (p. 36.) And again of the same book he says : — " It is a work which has lain by me finished some years, but has not yet been published .... It 'will be comprised in two large volumes octavo, and will speedily appear. The publication of this performance has been purposely delayed, in order that it may be rendered as perfect and complete as possible." (p. 21.) Of what interest to the British ornithologist would such a work by so accurate an observer, and at that date, be ! Of what tenfold, nay, of what infinite interest to the Wiltshire ornithologist ! ! Then we should know something definite of the Birds of Wilts in 1780. 12 Memoir of Mr. John Legg, of Market Lavington, Wilts. What valuable information we should gain in regard to the hawks and other birds of prey, then so abundant, now so nearly extermi- nated ! What accounts of the Common Kite, then to be seen evepy day, now altogether banished from the county ! What personal experiences of the Great Bustard, then frequenting the downs just above Market Lavington, and all Salisbury Plain, at tha£ time for the most part an unbroken tract of pasture ! What reminiscences of the Dotterel, even within my recollection to be seen on those same downs, but now very rarely met with ! How familiar he must have been with the peregrine, the hen harrier, the marsh harrier, the buzzard, the raven, the great plover, the bittern, and many others, now so seldom seen in the county ! ! As 1 picture to myself the solitude of those vast plains and downs, when the tinkle of the sheep- bell was the only sound telling of man's occupation ; when the whistle of the steam engine was yet unknown ; when wheat-hoeing in the spring (so destructive to such birds as nest on the ground) was not yet practised ; when the sportsman's only weapon was a flint-lock gun, and breech-loaders and even percussion caps had not been invented ; and when to " shoot flying " was an art only mastered by a select few ; our wild birds enjoyed such security and freedom from disturbance as one can hardly realize now. And our author must have learned his experience of Wiltshire ornithology under these happy conditions ; and I repeat that his " History of British Birds " would be to the Wiltshire naturalist almost invaluable. And it is possible, though perhaps hardly probable, that the MS. still exists : for it is strange how old MSS. which have lain neglected and unknown for years in some cupboard or box, do occasionally come to light ; and in many a remote country house there are stores of documents, generally perhaps of little interest, but sometimes of surpassing value, and such would doubtless be this work in question, which we know to have been ready for the press in 1780. Should that MS. still exist, it will, I think, be eventually recovered, for the late Rev. Edward Ludlow (into whose keeping all the papers be- longing to that branch of the family came) was happily (as I am assured by his executor) one who never destroyed any document, not even an ordinary letter ; and that executor (Mr. Hungerford By the Rev. A. C. Smith. 13 Ludlow Bruges) lias promised, when opportunity offers, to make a oareful search, and use every effort to discover the missing MS. By the kindness of Mr. John Watson Taylor I have seen the probate of the will of John Legg, dated April 10th, 1786. It is exceedingly short, and indeed is contained in some half-dozen lines. But the postscript, or codicil, which is three times as long as the will, is valuable, in that while it makes mention of the three hooks which he wrote (viz., the two hooks on natural history and that on religion) it altogether omits any mention of the " History of British Birds," of which he had elsewhere written in such high terms. And this silence corroborates, we fear, the tradition in the family, that for some unknown reason, its author subsequently became dissatisfied with that work, so that it is probable it was never printed, though it ma}T still perchance exist in MS. It only remains for me to thank the many kind friends who have interested themselves in this enquiry and supplied me with many scraps of information ; and more especially am I indebted to the active cooperation of the clever young lady at Clyffe Hall, in the parish of Market Lavington, who has gathered for me all the details to be gained in that locality. Old Park, August nth, 1894. trials m ffloolkiL By the Rev. Canon E. P. Eddkup, ^| HOSE who take an interest in looking from time to time into our parish registers may have observed in the entries of burial between the years 1678 — 1725 a notice that those buried were buried in woollen, or in sheep's wool only, and that an affidavit was brought to that effect : perhaps to some a few words of ex- planation may not be unacceptable. 14 Burials in Woollen. In this parish (Bremhill) the entries are made by themselves in a long narrow book, of paper bonnd in parchment, 6in. wide by nearly 15in. long. The affidavits are generally given under the hand of some one or other of the clergy of the neighbouring parishes, Calne, Hilmerton (Hilmarton), Christian Malford, Sutton Benger, &c. In 1692 an affidavit is brought, under the hand of Sir George Hungerford, one of His Majesty's Justices of the Peace ; and in 1709, an affidavit under the hand of Thos. Long, one of Her Majesty's Justices of the Peace. Sometimes it is noted that no affidavit is brought, as in the entry of the burial, April 30th, 1698, of George Hungerford, Esq., to whom there is an elaborate monu- ment in the chancel of Bremhill Church : in these cases a note is added that the omission was certified to the churchwardens. In 1711, after the entry that a notification had been given that no affidavit had been brought, there is a further entry (Oct. 14th) three weeks after the burial, that the affidavit was brought after all, " which by neglect had been laid in Win. Smith's J unr. his window." 1 In 1666 (18 Car. ii., c. iv.) a short Act of two clauses was passed ] directing that no one should be buried in any sort of grave clothes ' that were not entirely composed of wool, under a penalty of five 1 pounds : but as this Act was not found to be sufficient, a longer 1 Act was passed in 1678 (30 Car., ii., c. iii.,) which recites the previous 1 Act, and declares that it was intended for the " lessening the Im- i portation of Linnen from beyond the seas and the encouragement 1 of the Woollen and Paper Manufacturers of this Kingdom." 1 Section ii. enacts that " Noe Corps of any person or persons shall a be buried in any Shirt Shift Sheete or Shroud or any thing what- t soever made or mingled with Flax Hempe Silke Haire Cold or I Silver or any Stuffe or thing other than what is made of Sheeps' t Wooll onely, or be putt in any coffin lined or faced with any sort of Cloath or Stuff e or any other thing whatsoever that is made of li any Materiall but Sheep's Wooll onely, upon paine of the forfeiture t] of five pounds of lawfull Money of England, &c." Other sections K enact that persons in holy orders are to keep a register : that an » affidavit is to be brought, this affidavit to be made before a justice k of the peace for the county or other person authorized by the Act. A By the Rev. Canon Eddrup. 15 Half of the penalty is to go to the poor of the parish and half to the informer. Section viii. re-enacts the second clause of the Act of 1666, which declared that in the case of persons dying of the plague no penalty should he incurred although they were not buried in such manner as was directed by the Act. Section ix. appoints that *k this Act shall be publiquely read upon the first Sunday after the Feast of St. Bartholomew every yeare for seaven yeares next following, presently after Divine Service." An illustration of the observance of this Act may be found in an amusing book of travels of this period, written in French and translated into English. In 1698 there was published at the Hague a volume in small Svo by H. M. de V., i.e., Henri Misson de Valbourg; it became popular enough to obtain translation into English, and in 1719 it came out in London as " M. Misson's Memoirs and Observations in his Travels over England, &c, disposed in Alphabetical Order, written originally in French and translated by Mr. Ozell." This work is dedicated to Sir James Bateman, and in the preface (p. vii.) the translator, relating an interview which he had had with Sir James, says, " I told him I had heard his Son was a perfect gentleman, even without being vicious." There are many curious and amusing observations on such points relating to manners and customs as might attract the notice of a foreigner : such as the choosing kings and queens on Twelfth Night; the making mince pies at Christmas, of the composition of which delicacy he gives an elaborate account ; ceremonies observed at marriages and funerals, such as the carrying of a sprig of rosemary in the hand, which each person threw in after the coffin. Sir Henry Ellis has frequently availed himself of Misson's Travels in his notes to his edition of Brand's Popular Antiquities. Among other things Misson is struck with this, as it seems to him, strange custom of burying in woollen, about which he says (p. 88 : in the French edition, p. 130), " There is an Act of Parlia- ment which ordains that the dead shall be buried in a woollen stuff which is a kind of thin bays, which they call flannel ; nor is it lawful to use the least needleful of thread or silk. (The intention of this Act is for the encouragement of the woollen manufacture.) This 10 Burials in Woollen. shift is always white ; but there are different sorts of it as to fineness, and consequently of different prices. To make these dresses is a particular trade and there are many that sell nothing else." The shirt for a man " has commonly a sleeve purfled about the wrists and the slit of the shirt done in the same manner. This should be at least half a foot longer than the body that the feet of the deceased may be wrapped in it as in a bag. Upon the head they put a cap which they fasten with a very broad chin-cloth, with gloves on the hands, and a cravat round the neck, all of woollen. The women have a kind of head-dress with a forehead cloth That the body may ly the softer, some put a lay of bran about 4in. thick at the bottom of the coffin. The coffin is sometimes very magni- ficent. The body is visited to see that it is buried in flannel, and that nothing is sewed with thread. They let it lye three or four days." Pope, in his Moral Essays (Ep., i., 246 — 251), when giving ex- amples of the ruling passion strong in death, thus refers to the custom :— " Odious ! in woollen ! 'twould a saint provoke, Were the last words that poor Narcissa spoke : No, let a charming chintz and Brussels lace Wrap my cold limbs, and shade my lifeless face : One would not, sure, be frightful when one's dead : And — Betty — give this cheek a little red." The mistress was the celebrated Mrs. Oldfield; the maid, Mrs. Saunders, her friend, also a clever actress. It would seem that some were much too fashionable to comply with this regulation about burying in woollen ; and in these cases it was, I believe, the custom that a servant of the household, or someone to whom it was desired to offer a gratuity, should go and give the information that the law had not been complied with, and receive half of the penalty ; while the other half of the five pounds was distributed to the poor. 17 % Cfjurc| of p Mntz, partiit, Wilts. By C. E. Posting, F.S.A. p^KpHIS Church is one of very great archaeological interest, and *ne structure has been little interfered with by recent resto- ration. The plan consists of chancel and nave with a north aisle (or chapel) to both, a chapel and a porch on the south of the nave, and a western tower with spire. The westernmost part of the nave was the entire nave of a small Norman Church, the walls of which have been modified by subse- quent alterations, but not demolished, and it forms the nucleus of the present Church. The limits of this nave can be clearly traced by a quoin on the north side near the aisle ; it was about 24ft. by 17ft. inside the walls, and the height is indicated by the drip course on the tower. The nave had the usual arrangement of a doorway both on the north and the south, in about the centre of its length, and the evidence of these is strong corroboration of that afforded by the quoin above referred to, the latter marking the length eastwards, The remains of the now built-up doorway on the north side (in- cluding a flat tympanum) indicate a period of about 1080 ; the south door has given way to one of lofty proportions but uncertain date (? fourteenth century) in the same position. The Norman work has neither buttress nor plinth. Against the Norman nave a western tower was erected during the first quarter of the thirteenth century ; this was two stages in height, extending to the top of the present middle stage, and had three buttresses on each of the three outside faces, of which the following only remain intact, the remainder having been since altered : — On west. The middle one and the one near the north-west angle, each with one set-off at mid-height. On north. The one near the north-west angle, with one set-off. On south. The middle one only — this is flatter than the rest, and has no set-off. VOL. XXVIII. NO. LXXXII. C 18 The Church of All Saints, Martin, Wills. The coeval archway into the nave remains intact ; it consists of two orders of chamfers, the inner one springing from pier-shafts with moulded caps and "bases. In the west wall of the lower stage was a small square-headed window on each side of the central buttress — one of these has been altered, as referred to later. The upper stage of this early tower had lancets in the west and south walls only ; the former remains intact, but the latter can only be seen by a trace inside. The steep pitch of the drip course on the east face of the tower is strong testimony to its having been formed to follow the lines of a Norman nave roof then existing. A small two- light window was inserted in the Norman south wall of the nave (now between porch and chapel) near the end of the thirteenth century. The next alteration of the Church was the re-building of the chancel, and with it, doubtless, the extension of the nave to its present length ; but the evidence of the latter has been destroyed in the addition of subsequent chapels (or the nave might have been lengthened at an earlier period when the small south window above referred to was inserted) . The chancel dates from very early in the fourteenth century, and no subsequent alterations in the walls have been made other than the insertion of a piscina and of the archway and squint into the chapel ; the archway opening from the nave has two orders of chamfers carried round arch and jambs, the inner one having a curious small moulded impost or cap — no base is visible, but this probably exists below the raised floor. There are two two-light windows, each with trefoil in the tracery, in the south wall with a priests' door between them ; a similar window exists in the north wall of the sanctuary. The east window is a three-light one of coeval date, with three circles in the tracery, and it is re- markable that there is no cusping to the tracery of either window. The roof is at present ceiled underneath, but the fourteenth century moulded plate is visible, and there is every reason to suppose that the trussed-rafter roof of that period exists. There are no buttresses or plinth to this work. At near the end of the fourteenth century the south porch was added to the nave, and transept chapels, each of one bay, were erected on the north and south of the nave, commencing at near the By C. E. Pouting, F.S.A. 19 end of the Norman work and extending in width about half-way between this and the chancel. The archways opening into the nave are of two orders of chamfers, the outer carried down to the floor and the inner dying out on the jamb. The south chapel remains unaltered — it has diagonal buttresses at the angles, and a three-light window with flowing tracery in the south gable. In the south wall is a richly-moulded piscina with ogee cusped arch, a square bowl partially cut away, and an added wood shelf. The existence of this feature here indicates the dedication of the chapel as a chantry. The original roof remains, with moulded tie-beam and central king- post with braces. Late in the fifteenth century (circa 1490 — 1500) the north chapel was extended in length to overlap part of the chancel and converted into an adjunct more resembling an aisle with roof running east and west instead of transept- wise as before, a second arch being inserted in the wall of the nave eastward of the original one (a flat pier being left between them), and a corresponding one in the north wall of the chancel. In carrying out these alterations the fourteenth century walls appear to have been re-built (or re-faced), for, like the rest of the work of this chapel, they have no buttresses ; the external masonry throughout is the same coursed stone and flint work, and the same plinth mould is carried round. But the north and west windows were re-inserted in their former positions ; thus, although the west wall became a gable under the new plan, the same low two-light square-headed window which formerly came under the «aves was retained, and kept at its low level, and a new two-light square-headed window of the type prevailing at the date of the alteration placed over, but not central with it, making a curious two-storey arrangement ; then the three-light window in the north wall was replaced opposite the arch, as it would have originally existed when in the centre of the north gable of the transept chapel. The rest of the work in this aisle chapel is of the late and somewhat de- based type of Perpendicular prevailing early in the sixteenth century. Th8 doorway in the north wall and the east window of three lights have four-centred arches, and the latter is without cusps in the tracery. The waggon-head roof still remains. In the north wall of this c 2 1 20 The Church of All Saints, Martin, Wilts. chapel (not central with either of the two easternmost bays, nor quite opposite the pier coming between them) is a very remarkable recessed five-light bay window of quite a domestic type, but coeval with the enlargement of the chapel, and like the east window there is no cusping in the head ; it projects on the outside and is roofed transversely with the rest, the recess is carried to the floor inside (not like the somewhat similar specimen at North Bradley, where it stops at the sill level, forming the mensa of a tomb) and is separated from the chapel by an archway of the same type as the two opening into the nave and chancel, respectively. These arches of two orders of chamfers spring from pier shafts with moulded capitals of debased type, and the centre from which they are described is below the cap level. There are two small crosses cut on the abaci of the caps to the bay. A squint was formed at this time between the chapel and the chancel, directed towards the high altar, and a large piscina with square sunk bowl (without projection beyond the wall) was inserted in the south wall of the chancel. j At about the same time important alterations were made in the nave. The walls were raised to their present level (the coursed flint and stonework clearly distinguishes this from the Norman work on the south side), and the waggon-head roof of four bays with tie- beams and plaster panels, which now remains, was put on. The westernmost window on the north side, without cusping, label, or inner arch, was also inserted ; it has since lost its mullions. The I other window in this wall is an earlier insertion {circa 1430) and has an outside label mould and inside arch, but it, too, is now without I mullions or tracery. [The easternmost window in the south wall of the nave is a modern insertion.] In spite of the tower having already shown serious signs of settlements, the builders in the first half of the fifteenth century did not hesitate to raise it by one stage, and upon this to erect a stone spire, but before doing so they proceeded to strengthen the I thirteenth century substructure, the foundations of which were very defective. Underpinning of existing walls does not seem to have been ^practised in the mediaeval period, but instead of it one fre- quently meets with immense buttresses and ties, which must have By C. E Pontivg, F.S.A. 21 been much more costly. In this case, although the state of the earlier foundations mnst have been discovered in strengthening the buttresses (which are carried deeper), they were let alone, and the following works were done : — a large piece of the south-west angle was re-built (advantage being taken of this to insert a two-light window in the west wall south of the central buttress), the two adjacent buttresses were taken down and a diagonal one erected ; the middle buttress on the north side was extended in projection and carried higher — (the difference between the earlier and later parts of this buttress is clearly seen, and it is interesting to see that oyster shells are used in the mortar joints of the latter, but not in the former ;) the easternmost buttresses on the north and south sides were similarly treated, but not carried so high. The fifteenth century upper stage of the tower has a two-light window in each face, and a plain parapet, within which the spire rises ; the latter is divided in height by three stone bands, or collars, formed of plain projecting semi-roll mouldings. There is a sundial cut on the south-west buttress of the south chapel, and the half of another on the quoin suggests that the latter (at least) is older than the chapel — the dial stone having been cut and re-used. In 1857 the interior of the Church underwent restoration and re-seating, but the fabric remains unaltered. In carrying out the work then done the floor of the chancel was raised. It is evident from the level of the piscina, and from the fact that the bases of both of the later arches in the north aisle chapel (opening into nave and chancel respectively, the base of the latter being now hidden) are on the same level, that the level of the nave floor was carried through, without any step, to the east end of the chancel, with perhaps one step on which the altar was placed — although this could not have been carried across to the south wall. This arrangement, originally made in the fourteenth century, was not found incon- venient at the end of the fifteenth, when the piscina was inserted, and it seems a pity that our nineteenth century use could not have been so adapted to it as to avoid so radical an alteration of the building. 22 Uotcs from % giarg of jlir ^n%ng Ssjjleg Cooper, Jrot €arl of jSjjsftcsIrarg : JSorn 1621, Bteti 1683. By THE LATE J. WaYLEN, [These notes are printed as they were left by Mr. Waylen. He had intended writing a fuller memoir, but this was never done.] P|5B|HE estates of this knight in Wiltshire were at Purton, ffllifl Damerham, Martin, and Loders : his Dorset seat was St. Giles, Wimhorne. His father dying early left him in the hands of the following trustees : — Sir Daniel Norton, a sea-captain residing at Southwick, near Portsmouth ; Mr. Hannam, of Wimborne ; and Mr. Edward Tooker, his uncle, of Salisbury and Maddington, with the latter of whom he principally resided during his minority. In 1637 he was entered at Exeter College, Oxford, and early showed his pluck by organizing and heading an insurrection against the barbarous practice of " Tucking Freshmen." Time out of mind it had been the custom for one of the seniors, acting as executioner- general for the occasion, to summon the freshmen up to the hall-fire, on a given evening, and bidding them hold out their chins, then with the nail of his right thumb (left long for the purpose) to grate off all the skin from the lip to the chin ; concluding the torture by compelling the victim to drink a glass of salt-and- water ; and so on till all the new comers of that year had been treated. Young Cooper perceiving that the freshmen contemporary with himself happened to be more than usually stalwart and numerous, engaged with them to act in unison, and to strike a decisive blow in defence of their chins ; and as it was expected that his own name would be the first called, he consented to give the signal for attack. The senior who summoned him happened to be a son of the Earl of Pembroke. Cooper, nothing daunted, opened the campaign by Notes from the Diary of Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper. 23 striking the young lord a box on the ear, when the rest of the freshmen simultaneously fell on, and soon cleared the buttery and hall. But a number of bachelors and young masters arriving in aid of the seniors, the freshmen were compelled to retreat to a ground chamber in the quadrangle, whither the enemy closely pursued them and pressed hard upon the door for entrance. Some of the strongest of the freshmen within, whom Cooper describes as " giant-like boys," suffered a few to come in, and kept the rest out. The few thus admitted were now in fact prisoners, and would have been severely handled by the youngsters had not Cooper, exercising his authority as captain, wisely preferred to negotiate with them in order to secure their services in making peace with the authorities. Dr. Prideaux, the old rector of the college, who had been summoned to suppress the mutiny, was by this time on the spot ; and as his sjTQpathies were always in favour of youthful daring, articles of pardon were soon arranged, and the foolish custom of " tucking " was abolished for ever from Oxford, though it continued in force some time longer at Cambridge. In the election for the Long Parliament, 1640, Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper stood for Downton, in Wiltshire. There was a double return, viz., of himself and Mr. Gorges, and both parties petitioned. The Committee of Privileges, to whom it was referred, never reported ; and by this manoeuvre (supposed to be intentional) the borough remained open all through the long contest which ensued, till after the death of Cromwell. Sir Anthony successfully reasserted his claim at the sitting of the Rump in 1658, when he used his influence in restoring the King. In December, 1646, Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper was nominated Sheriff of Wilts in the Parliament's behalf, leave being given him at the same time to reside out of the county. From a brief journal of events kept by him during that and the four succeeding years, the following extracts possess some local as well as personal interest : " 1646. 7th August. I went from Farnham to Salisbury. 8th. Went with Mr. Thistlethwaite the High Sheriff to meet the Judges, Judge Rolle and Sergeant Godbolt, who were the two Judges for this circuit. 10th. Sat with Judge Godbolt on the Crown side, being the only Justice there besides the- Judge and clerk of assize in the Commission of oyer and terminer. I was swora\ 24 Notes from the Diary of Sir Anthony Asliley Cooper, this day a Justice of the peace for the County of Wilts before Mr. Turner. The Justices present this day were Mr. William Eyre the younger, Mr. Edward Tooker, Mr. Bennett, Mr. Joy, Mr. Hussey, Mr. Giles Eyre, Mr. Turner, Mr. Dove, Mr. Barnaby Coles, Mr. Francis Swanton. I am in commission for oyer and terminer this whole circuit. On the 11th Sir John Dan vers came and sat with us. Seven were condemned to die, four for horsestealing, two for robbery, one for killing his wife ; he broke her neck with his hands ; it was proved that he touching her body the day after, her nose bled afresh ; four burnt in the hand, one for felony, three for manslaughter ; the same sign followed one of them, viz., of the corpse bleeding. 12. I and the Sheriff of Wilts begged the life of one Prichett one of those seven condemned, because he had been a Parliament Soldier. I waited on the Judges to Dorchester. " August 15. Sat at the Dorchester Committee .... I got the par- sonage of Abers for the repair of Harnham bridge at Salisbury. 17th. Went to Wimborne to my cousin Hannam's. Met my cousin Earle and divers other gentlemen at Brianston bowling-green, where we bowled all day, and in the evening Mr. Earle and I went to Tollard to Mr. Plott's. 28th. Came to Madington in Wiltshire to see my uncle Tooker. 10th Sep. Came to my house in Holborn where my wife and her mother were. " October 6. Came to Marlborough to the Quarter Sessions, where Mr. Hussey, Judge, myself, and Mr. William Eyre the younger, Edward Tooker, Francis Swanton, George Joy, Mr. Bennett of Norton, and Mr. Howe of Berwick were Justices.- 7th. Sat at the quarter sessions all the day. 8th. Sat at the quarter sessions part of the morning and went afterwards to Purton. 12th. Came from Purton to Marlborough and lay at the Bear. 13th. Came to Salisbury and lay at my uncle Tooker's. " December. I was by both houses of Parliament made High Sheriff of the County of Wilts. I was by Ordinance of Parliament made one of the Committee of Dorset and Wilts for Sir Thomas Fairfax's army contribution. Mr. William Eyres a bencher of Lincoln's Inn, died, a special friend of mine, and made me one of his executors in trust and gave me £10 in plate. 16th. I and my wife and sister removed from my house at London towards Salisbury and came to Egham. 17th. To Basingstoke. 18th. Came to my house at Salisbury. I rented Mr. Hyde's house in the Close next to the Deanery. "1647. March 13th. The Judges came into Salisbury, Justice Rolle and Sergeant Godbolt. They went hence the 17th. I had sixty men in liveries, and kept an ordinary for all gentlemen at Lawes's, four shillings, and two shillings for blue men. I paid for all. There were sixteen condemned to die, whereof fourteen suffered. George Phillips condemned for stealing a horse, I got his reprieve, and another for the like offence was reprieved by the Judge. There were more burnt in the hand than condemned. " 29th. My wife miscarried of a child she was eleven weeks gone with. " This month I raised the country twice and beat out the soldiers designed for Ireland, who quartered on the county without order and committed many robberies. April 5th to 8th. Came to Pawlet and kept my court there. ■ 24th. I was bound in three bonds for my brother John Coventry, first to Giles Eyre of Whiteparish in Wilts Esq. for £150, we two only — 2nd to Dorothy and Anne Awbery daughters of William Aubery of Meere Esq. for £390, First Earl of Shaftesbury : bom 1621, died 1683. 25 wo two only : 3rd to Henry Whitaker, of Shaftesbury Esq. for £500, we two and Sir Gerard Napper. For all these I have his counter-bond. [Other tran- sactions of this nature recorded in behalf of Coventry, who was compounding for delinquency.] " 14th June. My wife, myself, and my sister, began our journey to Bath and came this night to Trowbridge. 15th. We came to Bath, where my wife made use of the Cross-bath to strengthen her against miscarriage. We lay afc Mrs. Bedford's by that bath. 17th. Came back to my house at Salisbury and dined at Madington. 18th. We met at Wilton at bowls. Went with my uncle Tooker to Madington that night. 22nd. Went to Bath to my wife. " August 14th. The Judges came to Salisbury, Judge Godbolt and Sergeant Wilde. They went hence the 18th. Four condemned to die, one for a robbery, two for horsestealing, one for murder. Yorke that was for the robbery I got his reprieve. The Justices present were Sir Edward Hungerford, Mr. Edward Tooker, Mr. John Ashe, Mr, Whitehead, Colonel Ludlow, Mr. William Eyre, Mr. Giles Eyre, Mr. Bennet of Norton, Mr. Joy, Mr. Aubrey, Mr. Sadler, Mr. Hippesley, Mr. Howe of Wishford, Mr, Howe of Berwick, Mr. Dove, Mr. Stephens, Mr. Coles, Mr. Swanton, Mr. Goddard of Upham. At the last Assize Sir John Danvers was present. I kept my ordinary at the Angel, four shillings for the gentlemen, two for their men, and a cellar. "August 26th. I met the Commissioners for the assessment for Sir Thomas Fairfax's Army at the Devizes, and came to Madington at night. The com- missioners present were myself, Mr. Tooker, Mr. Jenner, Mr. Dove, Mr. Bennett, Mr. Sadler, Mr. Hippesley, Mr. Edward Martin, Mr. Gabriel Martin, Mr. Jesse, Mr. Thomas Bailey, Mr. Brown, Mr. John Stephens, Mr. William Coles, Mr. Thomas Carter, Mr. Nicholas, of Semley, Mr. Ditton, Mr. Read, Mr. Crouch. " In July last I settled my brother George's estate on him, who was some months since married to one of the co-heirs of Mr. Oldfield of London, sugar- baker. I gave my brother freely £4000 for his preferment, and an annuity of £55 per annum for one life, and cleared it of my sister's portion." * " Septemher 2. I went to Warminster and sat on the Commission for Sir Thomas Fairfax's army-contribution. There were Commissioners myself, Mr. Bennet of Norton, Mr. Carter, Mr. Crouch, Mr. Jesse. I lay there that night. 15th. My uncle Tooker and I went to the Devizes, where we met the Commissioners for Sir Tho. Fairfax's army — present myself, Mr. Tooker, Mr. Alexander Popham, Mr. Bennet, Mr. Crouch, Mr. Carter, Mr. Bailey, Mr. Jesse, Mr. Martin the elder, Mr. Ditton, Mr. Read, Mr. Stokers, Mr. Brown, Mr. Manning. We came back to Maddington to bed. 27th. Went to War- minster and sat in the Commission. 28th. Dined at Mr. Topp's at Stockton and came home to Salisbury. October 2. Went to Tottenham * This sister, Philippa Cooper, married Sir Adam Brown, of Betch worth Castle, in Surrey, and died at a great age in 1701. The brother, George, lived at Clarendon Park, near Salisbury. He is conjectured to be the George Cooper who was made one of the Commissioners of the Admiralty by the Rump Parliament in 1659 ; and was probably also tho George Cooper who represented Poole in the Convention Parliament of 1660. Christie's Memoirs of Shaftesbury, 73- 26 Notes from the Diary of Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, to the Marquis of Hartford and lay there this night and t^e 3rd. 4th. Went to my own house at Pirton to keep my court there. 6th. Went to Malmesbury to return up my money. — 7th. Returned to Salisbury. " November 12. The little ship called the Rose, wherein I have a quarter part, which went for Guinea, came to town this term, blessed be God. She has been out about a year, and we shall but make our money. 27th. Went with my brother John Coventry to Oxsted to see my Lady Coventry, and my sister Packington who was lately delivered of her daughter Margaret. "January 21, 1648. My brother John Coventry sealed a deed of all his lands to me, Sir Gerard Napper, Thomas Child, and Edmund Hoskins, Esqs. for the payment of those debts we are engaged for him. " This month Mr. Hastings and Mr. Hooper, feofees in trust for my father's estate, conveyed to me the manor of Pawlet, for which I paid formerly to the Court of Wards £2500. " February 11. I had my writ of discharge from being Sheriff of Wiltshire delivered me by my uncle Tooker, who succeeded me in my office. 14th. I fell sick of a tertian ague, whereof I had but five fits, through the mercy of the Lord. "March. I went and waited on the Judges at their lodgings, the Judges were Judge Godbolt and Sergeant Wilde. 7th. I dined with the Judges, but I sat not on the bench all this Assize for fear the cold might have made me relapse into an ague. April 4. Mr. S wanton and I kept a privy sessions at Salisbury. Mr. Giles Eyre sat with us this day. "July. Mem. The bond wherein I was bound to Mr. Giles Eyre with my brother Coventry is paid and cancelled. This bond was for £150 dated April, 1647. "August 6th. Dined with Sir G. Napper at More-Critchell, and heard Mr. Hussey preach.* 23rd. Went to Salisbury to meet Mr. William Hussey, Mr. Norden, Mr. William Eyres. We all met on commission directed to us out of Chancery to hear and certify the cause betwixt Lowe and Sadler about Fisherton Manors. We adjourned there on the commission till the 26th, and adjourned till the 12th September. 26th. Went to Salisbury to the Assizes.— 30th. The Judge Mr. Sergeaut Wilde who came alone this circuit, came into Salisbury. 31st. We began the Assize, where were present Sir John Evelyn, Colonel Whitehead, myself, who were all three corn- commissioners of oyer and terminer, Mr. William Hussey, Mr. Yorke, Mr. Stephens, counsellors, Mr. Norden, Mr. Joy, Mr. Bennet of Norton, Mr. William Eyres, Mr. Long, Mr. Coles, Mr. William Littleton, Mr. Dove, Mr. Sadler, Mr. Rivett. My uncle Tooker, High Sheriff. " September 2. I had a verdict against St. John for my common in Lydeard, myself the plaintiff, and £80 damages given me. The last Summer Assize I had another verdict against him and Webb, myself the plaintiff. " November. This term I borrowed of my aunt M rs. Alice Coventry £1100 for which I gave her my bond. In February I mortgaged my manor of Pawlet to my aunt Mrs. Alice Coventry for £1100 1 owed her. * Mr. Hussey, afterwards minister of Hinton Martin, had been Sir Anthony's servitor at college. First Earl of Shaftesbury : born 1621, died, 1683. 27 March 3. Went to Oxsted in Surrey to wait on my wife's mother 3 April. Went to Marlborough on my way to Pirton for my rents. 6th. Came to the Devizes in my way home, having called at Malmesbury to return my money to London. May 2. Mr. Plott and I went to Poole to buy sack, and returned at night. 1 was made by the States a commissioner in their Act of contribution for the Counties of Wilts and Dorset. "July 4. I came to Salisbury. 10th. My wife, just as she was sitting down to supper, fell suddenly into an apopletical convulsion fit. She recovered that fit after some time, and spake, and kissed me, and complained only of her head ; but fell again in a quarter of an hour, and then never came to speak again, but continued in fits and slumbers until next day. At noon she died. She was with child the fourth time, and within six weeks of her time. She was a lovely beautiful fair woman, a religious devout Christian, of admirable wit and wisdom, beyond any I ever knew, yet the most sweet affectionate and observant wife in the world. Chaste, without a suspicion of the most envious, to the highest assurance of her husband ; of a most noble and bountiful mind, yet very provident in the least things, exceeding all in anything she undertook, housewifery, preserving, works with the needle, cookery ; so that her wit and judgment were expressed in all things, free from any pride or forwardness. She was in discourse and counsel far beyond any woman.* "August 16. I was sworn a Justice of peace for the Counties of Wilts and Dorset by Mr. Swanton. This was the first time I acted since the king's death. "October 2. Went to Marlborough. 3rd. Sat at Sessions in the morning where were present ten Justices, myself, Mr. Swanton, Mr. Littleton, Mr. Joy, Mr. Sadler, Mr. Hippesley, Colonel Ayres of Hurst, Lieut. -Col Read, Captain Martin, Mr. Shute. In the afternoon 1 went to Pirton. " 1650. 17 January. To Salisbury to the Sessions and oyer and terminer. Present Mr. Bond, High Sheriff [and thirteen others]. We all this day subscribed the Engagement. " 11 March. To Salisbury Assize, Judge Nicholas Chief Justice. 19th. Laid the first stone of my house at St. Giles. " 15 April. I was married to Lady Frances Cecil, and removed my lodging to Mr. Blake's by Exeter House. 2 July. My wife and I and my sister came from London to Bagshot on our way westward. 2rd. Came to Basingstoke. 4th. To St. Giles, Wimborne." [The diary ends with this month.] In Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper's report to the Parliament of Ms [* This excellent lady was Margaret, daughter of Thomas, Lord Coventry, Keeper of the- Great Seal. She left no surviving issue. Cooper, in his second marriage, as in his first, sought the alliance of Royalist houses. The second marriage, which took place in 1650, with Lady Frances Cecil, daughter of David, third Earl of Exeter, was also of short duration, but was not without issue. Two sons were born, the second of whom inherited his father's titles and possessions. In 1656 Cooper married a third wife, but he had no move children.] 28 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire. storming Abbotsbury, in Dorset, in October, 1644, he says Major Baynton, at the head of the victors, stormed and took the Church. Many on both sides fell in this affair by a magazine exploding. Sir Anthony's own conduct was marked by much personal daring. In 1644 — December — Cooper says the enemy have deserted Wellington, Wyrwail, and Cokam Houses, which two last they burnt on quitting. They also burnt Mr. Crewe's house. Cokam is Colcombe, in Devonshire, an old seat of the Courtenays, the other, Worle, in Somersetshire. When Cooper left the King he compounded for all his penalties as a Eoyalist by a fine of £500. It was never paid, and Cromwell finally exonerated him in 1657. jtotes on \\t Corporation |)htc auo Insignia of (tlUtsMtc. By the Rev. E. H. Goddaed * KjJJSpHE mace now so well known as the principal of the insignia of municipal corporations, and therefore as peculiarly con- nected with the centres of trade and the exercise of the arts of peace, is really the direct modern descendant of the ancient weapon of war * A portion of this paper was read at the Warminster Meeting of the Society, in 1893, and a short abstract of it was subsequently printed in the Illustrated ArclicBologist for March, 1894, vol. i., pp. 219 — 224. The illustrations are all of them reduced by photo-lithography from full-sized pen-and-irik drawings taken by myself from the articles they represent. For the loan of four of the blocks the Society is indebted to Mr. W. H. St. John Hope, in whose forthcoming great work on the " Corporation Plate and Insignia of England and Wales " they will appear. The original drawings here illustrated, and others representing the more modern pieces of corporation plate, will be deposited in the Society's Museum, at Devizes. By the Bev. E. E. Goddard. 29 known by the same name. It is true that in its modem develop- ment it bears but little resemblance to its prototype, but still the steps by which its form has gradually grown to what it is can be readily traced. The mace in its original form of a wooden club is probably one of the oldest forms of offensive weapon used by man. But it is the mace in its mediaeval form with which we have to do. As Chancellor Fergusson shows in his interesting paper in the ArchceologicalJournal for 1884, at the Battle of Hastings, as seen in contemporary representations, the maces used for close quarters had globular heads of iron. Against a blow delivered by a powerful arm with such a weapon the flexible shirts of mail then in vogue must have been but a poor defence. Accordingly plate-armour was invented to resist the blows of the mace, and then the solid head of the mace was grooved, and eventually armed with projecting triangular flanges, or with spikes, which should penetrate and tear the armour. These flanged maces were in use in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, but soon after the beginning of the sixteenth century the pistol superseded the mace as at once a more handy and more effective weapon for close quarters. Mr. Fergusson points out that at least as early as the fourteenth century, both in England and France, the mace was the special weapon of the King's serjeants-at-arms, who formed his peculiar body-guard, and as a mark of high favour it became usual to grant fto mayors, and others to whom the royal authority was delegated, [the right to have one or more " serjeants-at-arms," or serjeants-at- mace — " servientes ad clavas" As the mace, then, was the symbol of royal authority delegated by the Sovereign it was necessary that a place should be found for the royal arms. They could not well be placed on the flanged head, so the butt end of the civic mace was slightly enlarged and the arms engraved thereon. The butt thus became really a more important part than the head, and by the principle of evolution grew and increased at the expense of the head, until it swelled gradually into a bell-shaped protuberence, whilst the now useless flanges decreased in size. Then the mace was turned upside down, and what had 30 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire. been the head of the old war mace became the handle of the mace of dignity, and the original knob of the handle swelled into a large bowl-shaped head bearing the royal arms, and in later times sur- mounted by the open arches and the ball and cross of the royal crown. The flanges, on the other hand, gradually diminished until they became mere flutings on what in some of the earlier specimens remained the iron handles of the mace, or developed into merely ornamental scrolls — disappearing altogether in the maces of the eighteenth century, and only leaving rudimentary evidence of their former existence in the ornamental foot knop in which they end. This gradual evolution could be traced in the most interesting way in the remarkable collection of maces, numbering nearly two hundred, from all parts of England, exhibited at the Mansion House during the London Meeting of the Eoyal Archaeological Institute in 1893. The change could be traced step by step from the flanged war mace, such as the iron specimen of the early sixteenth century possessed by Grantham, in Lincolnshire, and the earliest of the civic maces, such as that of Hedon, in Yorkshire, of the time of Henry VI., with its iron grip ; and the two handsome Winchcombe maces of the fifteenth century, with triangular flanges at the butt-end, evidently following the lines of the war mace of the time — through the small, short, plain-stemmed, semi-globular headed maces of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, with their single fleur-de-lys cresting — to the large, long-stemmed, bowl-headed, crowned, and elaborately-crested examples of the later seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The County of Wilts, although it possesses only seventeen maces in all, is fortunate in having good examples of most of the steps in I this curious process of evolution. The earliest are those of Wootton Bassett, which are dated 1603. These are of the type of still earlier examples, and show the flanges j on the butt-end in unusual perfection — scarcely altered, indeed, ex- cept in size, from what they originally were on the weapon of war. j The heads are semi-globular, and plain, except for a low cresting of f fleur-de-lys. Next comes the beautiful smaller mace at Wilton, dated 1639, in j (i) MACE, WOOTTON BASSETT, 1603. (2) MACK, MALMESBURY, «V. 1645- (3) MACE, MARLBOROUGH, 1652. (4) MACE, MALMESBURY, 1703. (s) ROYAL ARMS ON HEAD OF NO. 4. SCALE, % LINEAR. By the Rev. E. H. Goddard. 31 which the flanges of the handle are no longer plain, but have de- veloped into six projecting ornamental griffins. The head is still semi-globular, but is ornamented with four cherub heads in relief. (The open arches are, perhaps, later additions.) The older pair at Malmesbury, dating probably from 1645, are of the same general type, but the flanges have disappeared alto- gether, leaving a swelling seal-shaped foot, and the bowl of the head is divided into the four compartments containing the royal badges, which appear in more elaborate form on almost all maces from this time onwards. The cross, too, now alternates with the fleur-de-lys in the cresting of the head. In the Commonwealth period a great step forward was taken in the much larger and more ornate type of mace which then came into fashion. Of these many examples exist, all closely resembling each other; few of them, however, are handsomer or in better preservation than the pair dating from 1652, of which Marlborough is justly proud. In these maces the head has become much enlarged, and its decoration has finally assumed the form which, with some modification, it generally retains after this period; caryatides in relief separating the compartments of the bowl containing the St. Greorge's cross and Irish harp alternating with the town arms. The cresting, too, is more elaborate, and the cap or summit of the head is more prominent than it was in the earlier examples ; while the whole is surmounted by four open arches meeting in a terminal ornament in the centre. The bosses of the stem are much enlarged and chased, and the stem itself, hitherto left plain, is now for the first time adorned with an engraved decoration of oak-leaves, acorns, and spiral ribbon, which almost all the later maces copy. In the Eestoration maces — and they are numerous — the size is still further increased, and the open arches on the head surmounted by the orb and cross take the form of the royal crown — a type which, with few modifications and exceptions, has continued in fashion ever since. Of these large ornate maces Devizes possesses two good ex- amples, probably of about 1660. The great mace of Wilton, too, is a handsome specimen, dated 1685, of the same type — but in the twenty-five years which separate 32 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire. them the oaryatide figures on the bowl have developed wings, and grown considerably more naturalistic in appearance, and the cap or summit of the head bearing the royal arms has sunk below the level of the cresting. This may be said to be the normal form of the later mace. Some few — like those of Salisbury — break out into abnormal developments, but the majority follow the type. The only nineteenth century example to be found in Wiltshire — that of Chippenham — though it is certainly original in design, can scarcely be quoted as an example of the advantages of departing from es- tablished precedent. In other kinds of corporation plate Wiltshire is less rich. The mayor's chains are all very modern. Of the loving cups the only really notable specimen is the Hanap Cup belonging to Devizes — and the only sword of state, though it is a monument of the now departed glories of Wootton Bassett, is still of no older date than the present century. It will be well, however, to give a detailed account of each separate piece, taking the corporations of the county in alphabetical order. CALNE. In 1835 the corporation consisted of two chief officers called " Gild Stewards," and an indefinite number of burgesses with one or two constables. The present corporation consists of a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors. The mayor's robe is of purple or chocolate-coloured cloth with sable facings. The charters of the borough have been lost. James II. granted a charter of incorporation in 1687, but it was not accepted. The borough possesses no ancient plate or insignia. The articles at present in use are as follows : — The Mayor's Chain, procured by subscription at a cost of £43, and first used in 1883, is of silver, hall-marked with the anchor (for Birmingham), the date letter of 1881, and the makers' mark, T. & ' J. B. The badge is oval in shape, the central field of red enamel, on which is a tower in relief of silver-gilt and three feathers in plain By the Rev. E. H. Goddard. 33 silver (the borough arms), with a border of scroll-work with oak and olive leaves, and a cherub head and wings at the top. The chain consists of fifteen silver-gilt links, of which the centre one has the monogram T.E.R., in coloured enamels, on the front, and on the hack the inscription " 1880-1, T. E. Eedman. Sam1- Bethell, 1881-2." The other links have " H. W." 1 {front), " 1882-3" {back)] " H. J. H. 2 " (front), "1884-5" (back); " J. D. B. 3" (front), "1883-4" (back); "T. H. * " (front), "1885-6" (back). The Loving Cup. A handsome two-handled vessel of silver, with cover, ornamented with good repousse work of flowers, scrolls, towers, &c.j bearing the following inscription on a scutcheon on the bowl : — " Presented to the Corporation of Calne by the Earl of Shelburne,5 November, 1860." It stands lljin. high to the top of the cover, and bears the Newcastle mark '(three castles), with the date letter, either E. or B., for 1741-2, or 1756-7. The maker's mark is /. L. with a ring over. The Snuff-Box. This is a massive and beautiful circular box of silver-gilt, elaborately engraved, bearing the inscription under- neath : — " Presented by Lord Shelburne to the Corporation of Calne, 1851." The arms of the borough engraved on the lid were evidently cut at this time. But the box itself and its ornamentation is much older, as it bears the lion's head erased showing that it is of the Britannia standard, and therefore between the years 1696 and 1720. It measures 5J in. in diameter and 3Jin. in height. The Common Seal is of silver, circular, ljin. in diameter, and bears an ornate shield of the borough arms : — Gules a castle between 1 Henry Wilkins. 2 Herbert James Harris, of Bowden Hill House. 3 John Dommett Bishop, surgeon. 4 Thomas Harris. 5 Henry, Earl of Shelburne, the donor both of the loving cup and of the snuff-box, was M.P. for Calne from 1837 to 1856. He was styled Earl of Shelburue from 1836 to 1863, when he succeeded to the title as fourth Marquess of Lansdowne. (Cockayne's Complete Peerage.) Born January 5th, 1816; died July 5th, 1866. Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 1856—58, &c. VOL. XXVIII. NO. LXXXI1. D 34 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire. two ostrich feathers with a third in base argent, and the legend " MAYOR AND COUNCIL OF THE BOROUGH OF CALNE, WILTS, 1836." In the Visitation of Wilts, 1623, an older seal is figured, circular, enclosing a shield of the town arms and the legend : — - ".SIGIL: COSVI DE CALM." This is no doubt the seal referred to in the following entries in the ; old Council Book 1 : — " 1566. PJ to the King of Harrolcls for the brobation of the Armes of owre Burrough, at the Devizes, 25/6. " To Edward Gouldsmith at Marlborough for the newe ingraveing of owre I seale 12/0. "John Ladd having lost or refused to produce the Borough Seal that was in his custody as Guild Steward last year, a new one is adopted with the arms as j specified by the Heralds in 1565." The new one is again superseded in 1734, when : — " 1734. H. Keate refusing to produce the Borough Seal that was in his f custody as Guild Steward, another bearing the Arms is procured." 1756. " The seal detained by Henry Keate was delivered up, but being a bad impression the one already substituted for it shall be used." The seal in use till 1836, probably the one above-mentioned, bore a shield of the town arms and the legend : — "SIGILLUM BURGI & BURGENSIUM BURGI DE CALNE IN COM WILTS." 3 CHIPPENHAM. Though one of the oldest towns in the kingdom, Chippenham was not incorporated until 1554, when Mary granted a charter, confirmed afterwards by Elizabeth in 1560, and James I., 1607. These charters were surrendered in 1684 to Charles II., and a new 1 Wilts Arch. Mag., xxiv., 210, 214. 2 W. A. M., xxiv., 215, 216. By the Rev. E. II. Goddard. 35 ono granted by James II. in 1685.1 But the town practically continued to be governed by the charter of 1554. In 1835 the corporation consisted of a bailiff and twelve burgesses, with town clerk and under bailiff, but it now consists of a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors. The whole of the plate and insignia are modern. The Mace. This measures 2ft. llfin. in length. The head is oval, with the two shields of the borough arms in relief on either side, surmounted by a tasselled cushion on which is a royal crown, the central part of the stem is plain with an acanthus-leaf knop under the head and a spirally twisted grip at the butt. Around the stem, under the head is the borough motto, "UNITY AND LOYALTY." Below the knop, "HARRY GOLDNEY, ESQ8., mayor, 1844." And above the grip of the handle, "the GIFT OF JOSEPH NEELD, ESQRE." It is of plain and frosted silver bearing the London hall-mark for 1843, with the maker's mark, C. R. G. S. It is of an un- conventional but scarcely satisfactory design. OofcO Vfc$ " The donor, Joseph Neeld, Esq., of Grittleton House, was M.P. for the borough from 1826 — 1852, dying in 1856. The following letter from him accompanied the presentation of the mace : — " 11th May, 1844. It was upon a recent occasion that I learnt for the first time that the Corporation of Chippenham did not possess a mace ; an ensign of authority, which from the earliest period of our history has been borne before the magistrates and chief officers of corporations in the discharge of their public duties, in my opinion adding dignity to the office which they have the honour to fill. I have caused to be designed, and made, specially for your corporation a mace which I trust the members of it will allow me to present to them as a token of my attachment and respect for them, and will receive it with the same feelings of kindness and goodwill towards me, as I cherish towards them, &c." 2 The Mayor's Chain. This is of good simple design and workmanship. It is of gold, but is not hall-marked. The chain consists of twenty-one plain twisted links. The badge has a circular central medallion with the arms of the borough enamelled 1 Goldney's Records of Chippenham, pp. 261 — 292. 2 Ibid, p. 165. D 2 S6 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire. in colours, surrounded by the legend : — " borough of CHIPPENHAM." Below this is the motto, "UNITY AND loyalty, 1873." The whole surrounded by open scroll-work. It was subscribed for by members of the corporation, each successive mayor adding a fresh link until the chain was complete. The arms as given on the badge are, two shields of arms hanging side by side from a tree with three large branches, the dexter shield bearing the arms of Grascelyn, Or, ten billets, 4, 3, 2, 1, azure, with a label of Jive points gules; the sinister, those of Husee, Argent three legs in armour couped above the knee proper.9 Loving Out No. 1. This is a large two-handled covered cup of good shape, with fluting on the lower part of the bowl. It is of silver, bearing the London date-letter of 1884 and the maker's mark, c. W. J. W It stands, with its cover, 12 Jin. high. On one side of the bowl is inscribed : — " Presented to the Corpora- tion of Chippenham by the last Member for the Borough, Sir Gabriel Goldney, Bart., M.P., who for twenty-one consecutive years represented it in Parliament, and is a direct lineal descendant of Henry Goldney,1 Esq., M.P., the first Member upon the Incorporation of the Borough under the Charter of Queen Mary in 1553." On the opposite side of the bowl is inscribed : — " In the Mayoralty of Edgar Neale, Esq., 3rd November, 1885." Loving Cup No. 2 is a large goblet 12Jin. high, of silver, bearing the London hall-mark for 1874 and the maker's mark, R. H. It is covered with florid repousse ornament. On the front of the bowl are engraved the borough arms, with the motto, 9 The two shields, which together form the town arms, are those of two families notable in the history of the place— the Gascelyns, who held Sheldon, and were lords of the manor of Chippenham from 1250 to 1424 ; and the Husees, who held Rowdon for a hundred and forty-two years, down to 1392. Burke (General Armoury, 1842) gives the tinctures of the arms somewhat differently, Azure, ten billets argent, in chief a label of Jive points of the last. 1 Henry ffarnewell als Goldney appointed first bailiff of the borough, 2nd May, 1554, M.P. for Chippenham, 1553, died 1573. Fifteen of his lineal descendants have been bailiffs and mayors since then. Goldney, Records of Chvppenhan 347. By the Be v. E. H. Goddard. 37 "UNITY AND loyalty.' ' On one side is the inscription: — aifl Mayoralty of Francis Edwyn Dowdinp, Esq.,- Nov. 28tk, 1887 " ; and on the other : — " Presented to the Corporation of Chippenham, by Henry Herbert Smith on his retirement from the Council, November, 1887.1 Loving Cup No. 3 is a tall two-handled cnp elaborately orna- mented with repousse flower work. It stands 13 Jin. high, has the London hall-mark of 1862 and the maker's, R.H. It is of silver-gilt and a handsome piece of its kind. Inside the rim of the bowl is a projecting edge contracting the opening to quatrefoil shape. On one side of the howl are the borough arms, the motto below them, and above them the legend, " borough of CHIPPENHAM." On the other side is inscribed " Presented by Sir Gabriel Goldney, Baronet, M.P., to the Corporation : Alfred J. Keary, Esq., Mayor, 1882// The Common Seal. The matrix is of copper, circular, Ifin. in diameter, the borough arms in the centre, with the legend surrounding them : — "BVRGI DE CHIPPENHAM." An older seal is figured in the " Visitation of 1623," bearing the same device with the legend : — " # SIGILLUM : COSV1VF4SS - : BVRGI : DE : CHIPPENHAM." DEVIZES. Devizes received its first charter from the Empress Matilda. This was confirmed by John, Henry III., and Edward III. The old corporation included a mayor, a recorder, thirty-four other capital burgesses, and an indefinite number of free burgesses, with two chamberlains, two sergeants-at-mace, and other officers. The present corporation consists of mayor, recorder, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors. The robes of the mayor are scarlet, the mace- bearers wear black robes and cocked hats, the town crier is in scarlet. 1 H. H. Smith, J. P., agent to the Marquis of Lansdowne, &o. 2 Sic in Marshall's Visitation. 38 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire, The Maces. These are a handsome silver-gilt pair, 2ft „ lOfin. in length, dating probably from 1660, of the usual Restoration typo, without hall-marks. The stems are decorated with the rose and thistle — the bosses and foot knop with leaf work. The bowl of the head has, in four panels divided by caryatides,, the royal badges, the fleur-de-lys, thistle, rose, and harp, all crowned, in relief, with the initials C. R. on either side. The cap bears the royal arms in relief, Quarterly, first and fourth, France and England quarterly ; second, or, a lion rampant with a double Pressure, fiory counter flory ' gules, Scotland', third, azure a harp or, Ireland. The garter round the shield, " Dieu et mon droit " below it, with lion and unicorn | supporters. \ The butt end of one mace has the castle of the town arms faintly engraved on it, the other is plain. The Mayor's Chain. This is of gold, bearing the Birmingham I mark, the date-letter for 1879, and the maker's mark, A. M. B. It is of good design and workmanship. The badge has in the centre a shield bearing the town arms, per pale gules and azure a castle argent, in coloured enamels, with an elaborate quatrefoil architectural setting adorned with the rose, shamrock, and thistle, in the angles of the moulding. On either side of the shield is inscribed " mavd,"1 " C. 1141," and below it, "BOROVGH OF devizes." On the back is inscribed, "Pre- sented by subscription. Sir T. Bateson, Bart., M.P. R. L. Lopes, I Esq., Recorder. J. H. Burges, D.D., Rector. A. Grant Meek, Esq., Town Clerk. H. Vernon Hulbert, Esq., Clerk of the Peace. G. S. A. Waylen, Esq., Coroner. 1879." The chain consists of thirteen links, each containing a shield on which the names of past mayors are inscribed, alternating with the letter D. The centre link has the monogram T.O. in red and blue enamel in front, and on the back, " Thos. Chandler, 1874, 1878-9, 1886." The links to the right of the centre are inscribed as follows, on front and back 1 The Empress Matilda, who granted the first charter to Devizes. By the Rev. E. H. Goddard. 39 (1) Chas. N. May, 1868. Edw. Clap/iam, M.B., 1869. J. E. Hat/ward, 1855, 1856. (2) Wm. miller, 1870. H. J. Salisbury, 1872. W. G. Everett, M.D., 1858. R. Maysmor, 1862. (3) S. Reynolds, 1873. John Marsh, 1876. W. Tyrrell, 1864. Sam1- Wit ley, 1871. (4) W. E. Keeling, 1881. Rich*- Hill, 1882. (5) . J. F. Humby, 1887-88. Those to the left of the centre : — (1) Wm. Brown, 1863-80. Geo. Gundry, 1866. H. Mackerett, 1850. /. 8mallbon.es, 1853. (2) Geo. Simpson, 1860, 1875. ». Giddings, 1861, 1867. J^- /tar*, 1845, 1852, 1859. (3) Geo. Waylen, 1849, 1865.- James Biggs, 1854, 1877. H. Butcher, 1843, 1844, 1851, 1857. (4) Fred* Sloper, 1883. G. C. Giles, 1884. (5) (2. Iffcatf, 1885. Chas. Gillman, 1889. The Loving Cup, which, by the way, is carried before the mayor with the maces, when he attends Church in state, is a tall silver-gilt Hanap Cup 1 with spired cover. It bears the London hall-mark for 1606. The maker's mark is a monogram of the letters AB within a shield. It measures, to the top of the cover, 15 Jin. It is of the 1 " The Norman French word ' Hanap,' which has come to mean a basket for package, in fact a 4 hamper,' is derived from the Saxon hncep, a cup or goblet, and was applied in medieval days to standing cups with covers, but only as it would seem to cups of some size and importance. As drinking vessels grew, with the increasing luxury of the times, from wooden bowls into the tall ' standing cups and covers ' which is the proper description of the cups called hanaps, the use of the latter term became confined to such cups alone, and the place where such hanaps were kept was termed the lianaperium. This was necessarily a place of safe keeping, and therefore a sort of treasury. The hanaper accordingly was the safe place in the Chancery where the fees due for the sealing of patents and charters were deposited, and being received by the Clerk of the Hanaper (or Clerk of the Chancery Treasury), the term hanaper office has continued to the present time. The hanaperium may originally have been a strong chest, and so the terms hanaper or hamper may have been applied and continued, at last exclusively, to a chest-like basket, with a lid, used for various purposes." Cripps' Old English Plate, p. 238. 40 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire. characteristic make of its class — the foot bell-shaped, with a baluster stem, the bowl conical, the cover domed and surmounted by a three-sided pyramidal spire. Both the cover and the upper part of the bowl are ornamented with a kind of repousse diaper. The design of the cup is good, but the metal is very thin. On the bowl are four circular medallions and four oblong spaces, the cover having similar plain spaces to match. On these are in- scribed the town arms, the date 1620 (when apparently the cup was given), and the names of the mayor and twelve burgesses of the time. The names on the bowl are, Ro¥- Drew, Esquier} Walter Stevens. Richard Flower. Willm. Erwood. Tho. Wheataher. Ro¥- Flower^ Mayor. John Kent, Gent. On the cover are the names John Stewens. John Allen. Nicolas Barrett. Edwin (?) JSorthey. Edw. Ijewse (?) John Thurman* The Common Seal. The bronze matrix of the old seal, of late fourteenth century date, still exists. It has, however, been broken into four pieces and soldered together again. The device is an embattled wall with a wide arched gateway, the flanking towers very small, enclosing a large round tower on either side of which is a rayed star, surrounded by the legend : — "&tgtllttm Commune fntrgmgutm tmi v$qt& m'fatffar," with a sprig between each word. Its diameter is 2 Jin. The common seal at present in use has the same device — the archway and the central tower are smaller, the flanking towers larger, and there are several windows in the wall. Under the base 1 Of the family of Drew, of Southbroom, from them the estate passed to the Eyles (Waylens Devizes, 125). He was one of the twelve burgesses in 1603, and M.P. in 1597, 1601, 1603, and 1625. 2 Walter Stevens, mayor, 1591, 1599, 1605. Richard Flower, mayor, 1620. Robert Flower, mayor, 1619. John Kent, mayor, 1602 ; M.P., 1597, 1620, 1623. Will Erwood, mayor, 1594, 1600,1608,1615. Thos . Whetacre, mayor, 1607, 1618. Nicholas Barrett, mayor, 1609, 1617. Edward North ey, mayor, 1612, 1622, 1630. John Stevens, mayor, 1616, 1648, 1655. Edward Lewse (Lewes), mayor, 1614, 1631, 1641. John Thurman, mayor, 1621. By the Rev. E. H. Ooddard. 41 is the date 1608. Its diameter is 2Jin. The matrix is of bronze. The surrounding legend reads :— "SIG'. COMVNE MA i OR IS ET BVRGENSI BVRGI DNI REGIS DE DEVIZES IN COM WILT." The Mayor's Seal is a solid silver seal, with moulded handle, measuring 2in. in height. Bound the edge of the head is inscribed, * Mr. Matthew Allar Maior anno Do. 1681." In the device the castle resembles that on the old common seal, in the large archway and the round enclosure wall behind. The legend is : — "SIG1LL # OFFICII * MAIOR # BVRGI * ONE * REGI * DSVISAR." Constables' Staves. Mr. Waylen, History of Devizes, p. 578, mentions among the corporation insignia " Two Constables' Staves. These are long weapons, borne like the maces on occasions of ceremony : they are topped with flat-headed brass ornaments having on one side the arms of England and on the other a medallion of Queen Anne ; and inscriptions stating that they were " Presented to the Corporation of Devizes by John Smith, Citizen of London, brazier to King William III. of blessed memory, who delivered this nation from Popery and arbitrary government, to Her present Majesty Queen Anne 1709." These staves are no longer used, though still in existence. The constables now carry ebony staves with silver mounts. [Preserved now with the corporation insignia are a Silver Punch-Bowl and Ladle, formerly belonging to the " Brittox Club." 1 The punch-bowl is a large plain silver vessel, on moulded foot. The diameter of the bowl is 13 Jin. ; that of the foot, 8in. ; and the height, 7-Jin. Bound the rim are inscribed the following names : — " Titos. Bay ley, Benjn- Richards, Heny- Butt, Fred Edwards, Rob1 Sloper, Jno. Sayer, Jno. Cleaveland, J no. Richards, Willm- Noyes, Jno Maynard, Math10- Burgess, Sam1- Smith, Benjn- Anstie, Edwd- 1 The Brittox Club was presumably a political club. The late Mr. Waylen informed me that he had never come across any record of it. 42 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire. Biffin, and on one side of the bowl the prince's feathers, with " The Brittox Club " over them. The ladle has a silver handle lOin. in length, with an oblong- shapod bowl, about 4in. x 2in.] MALMESBUEY. Until 1886 Malmesbury was governed under a charter of Will. III. which recites charters of iEthelstan, Hen. IV., and Charles I. The old corporation comprised an alderman, twelve capital burgesses, and twenty-four assistant-burgesses, with two sergeants-at-mace. Under the new charter of 1886 the present corporation consists of a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors.1 The Maces. The older pair bear no hall-marks or date, but probably are of the time of the charter of Charles I., 1645. They are of silver parcel gilt (the crown, cresting, badges on the bowl, arms on the cap, bosses of handle, and foot knop being gilt), and measure 2ft. 4in. in length. The head is semi-globular, slightly more elongated than those of the earlier examples, divided into four compartments by a plain beading, in which are the royal badges crowned. (These are in higher relief in one of the maces than in the other.) There is a cresting of fleur-de-lys and crosses, surrounded by a single open- arched crown, with orb and cross. On the flat caps are the royal arms with supporters, as borne by the Stuarts, in relief. The stems are quite plain, with small plain bosses. The foot has a flat seal-shaped butt, on which is engraved the device of the town arms — a castle with three embattled towers. On each side of the castle three ears of wheat on one stalk (?) .8 In chief a blazing star, a crescent, and three pellets. The base, water. Both these maces are a good deal worn and knocked about, and the cross on the head of one has been renewed in thin brass. 1 The niaces here are kept in an oak chest with three locks, the keys of which are held by three members of the old corporation — who have declined to hand them over to the custody of the new corporation. 2 See next page. By the Kev. E, R. Goddard. 43 The later pair are very elegant specimens of their time — 1703, They measure 2ft. 8fin. The only mark is that of the maker — the Gr enclosing a within a shield — for Francis Garthorne.1 The heads are bowl-shaped with winged and armless caryatides dividing the compartments which enclose the royal badges and the initials A. R. (Anna Regina) . On the flat caps are the arms of Queen Anne in relief, with the initials A. R. There is the usual cresting of fleur-de-lys and crosses, and the open-arched crown with orb and cross surmounting all. The cross has been renewed in both, in one case in brass. Below the head are four projecting caryatide corbels. The shaft, which is very slender, is engraved with a spiral vine pattern. The bosses and the foot-knops, which are of the usual late shape, are chased with acanthus-leaf ornament. Qn the flat rim of the foot-knops of one mace is the inscription, " The gift of Tho Boucher Esqr to the Corporation of Malmesbury Anno 1703," with the town arms engraved on one side and on the other those of Bourchier, Argent, a cross engrailea gules beUveen Jour water bougets sable. The other mace has the inscription, " The gift of Edwd- Pauncfort, Esqr to the Corporation of Malmesbury Anno 1703," with the town arms, and the arms of Pauncefoote, Gules, three lions rampant argent.2 The Seals. No. 1. The oldest of the existing seals has a circular brass matrix, 2 Jin. in diameter. The date is of the late sixteenth or seventeenth century. It has no handle. It bears the device of the town arms, an embattled castle, or gateioay, flanked by two round towers and surmounted by a third, from the dome of which flies a pennon. In base are the Waters of Avon, on each side is a teazle plant} In chief a blazing star and crescent, and in the dexter 1 A mace made by the same maker, for the Vintry Ward of the City of London, in 1698, is precisely similar to these two. 2 Tho. Boucher and Edward Pauncfort were doubtless Members for the borough — in 1705 they petition against the undue return of Henry Mordaunt and Thomas Farringtou. Bird's Malmesbury, p. 155. 3 So says Mr. St. John Hope. Burke, in his General Armoury, says three ears of wheat on one stalk ; on seal No. 2 the heads — whether of wheat or teazle, are five in number on one stalk, 44 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire. chief three pellets. The legend is : — " SIGIL . COM . ALDRI . ET . BVRGEN . BVRGI . DE . MALMESBVRY IN . COJV1 . WBLTS." No. 2 is circular. The matrix of brass 2 ^ in. in diameter? with lignum vitse handle. The device as in No. 1, except that the three raised pellets are in the sinister chief. The legend is : — ," SIGIL . COM . ALDRI. BVRGEN . BVRG1 . DE .MALMESBVRY m . COm . WILTS . 1615." No. 3. 1 in. in diameter. The device is a reduced copy of that of No. 2. The date may he early seventeenth century. The legend runs : — - "SIGIL . COM . ALDRI . ET . CAPITAL. BVRGEN . BVRGI . DE MALMESBVRY," No. 4 is smaller and has a circular brass head 1 fin. in diameter, with lignum vitse handle. The device the same as on Nos. 1 and 2. The legend is : — "SSGIL . COM . ALDRI . ET . BVRGEN . BVRGI . DE . MALMESBVRY m . com . wilts 55 There seem to be no other articles of plate belonging to the corporation. MABLBOBOUGrH. The first charter was granted by John, 1205, and confirmed by Hen. III. and others down to Elizabeth. In 1577 she granted a new charter which continued in force until 1835. Under this , charter the corporation consisted of a mayor, an indefinite number of burgesses, with two justices, town clerk, chamberlain, two sergeants-at-mace, &e. The present corporation consists of the mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors. The mayors and ex-mayors wear black cloth gowns with black velvet facings. The Maces. These are a very handsome silver-gilt pair of Maundy's Commonwealth type, measuring 40in. The bowl of the By the Rev. JE. E. Goddard. 45 head is divided by conventional caryatides into four compartments, f in winch are cartouches of St. George's cross, and the Irish harp alternating with the town arms. The cresting is composed of olive- leaf wreaths enclosing St. Greorge's cross and the Irish harp. The cap is raised above the cresting, and bears now the royal arms of Charles II., the garter motto reading " HON I SOET QVI IVSALY PENSY," and the royal motto, "DIEV ET MON DROT" (sic) J ust below the cresting an inscription in raised letters runs round the head, " THE FREEDOM OF ENGLAND BY GOD'S BLESSING RESTORED 1660." Four open arches worked with oak leaves surmount the head, and support a large orb and cross. Below the bowl are four ornamental projecting corbels, ending in dolphins. The bosses of the shaft have gadrooned ornament, and the shaft itself is covered with engraved oak branches and a spiral ribbon. The foot knop is of considerable size, with an inscription running round under the rim : — " This mace was made jor the Corporation of Marlebrough Mr Robert Clements then Mayor 1652." On the edge above is added, " Made by Tobias Coleman of London Gouldsmith." These maces are very little altered from their original condition. The orb and cross at the top have taken the place of the nondescript ornament in which the Commonwealth maces terminated, but the open arches are original. The royal arms on the cap have taken the place of the "State's arms" — and in the inscription "The Freedom of England by Grod's blessing restored," the original date, 1652, has been changed to 1660 — the Eoyalists neatly appropriating the Parliamentarian motto. The Seals. No 1. The oldest of the existing seals is of silver, 2in. in diameter, with lignum vitse handle, bearing a shield of the town arms, Per saltire gules and azure two cocks in f ess between a lull statant in chief and three greyhounds courant in pale in base ; on a chief or a castle between two roses gules" with helm, crest, and mantling, with the legend : — "SIGILLUM MAIORIS & BURGENS BURGI VILL/E DE MARLEBERG 1714-" On the butt of the handle is a silver plate with the arms of Charles, 46 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire. Lord Bruce,1 ensigned with a baron's coronet, Or, a sal tire and chief gules, on a canton argent a lion rampant azure. Supporters, two savages proper wreathed round the loins and temples vert. No. 2. The common seal at present in use is of silver with black wooden handle. It is circular, 2Jin. in diameter, and bears the hall-mark for 1835. It has the borough arms and crest supported by two greyhounds. In this seal the castle is represented as on a canton. The legend is : — " THE SEAL OF THE MAYOR ALDERMEN AMD BURGESSES OF THE BOROUGH OF MARLBOROUGH." No. 3. The mayor's seal, of silver, with lignum vitse handle, is circular, 1-J-in. in diameter. It bears a plain shield of the town arms with the legend round :— "SICJLLUf^ MAIORIS BURGI DE SVSARLEBERG." On the butt of the handle is a silver plate engraved with the Bruce arms, as on seal No. 1. In 1727 it was ordered that whereas two seals, a greater and a less, have been sold, the new silver seal of 1714 shall alone be used, and the old seal destroyed. Possibly this was the older seal which is said to exist on documents, bearing the castle only.2 SALISBUBY. Henry III. granted the first charter in 1227, which ordains that Nova Saresberia shall be a free city with the same privileges as Winchester. This was confirmed by Edward I. and later sovereigns. A new charter was granted by Edward IV. in 1462, ordering that the mayor and citizens should be a body corporate by the name of 1 Thomas, third Earl o£ Elgin and second Earl of Aylesbury, lived in retirement in Brussels for forty years, dying in 1741. His son, Charles, was summoned to the House of Lords in his father's lifetime in his father's barony of Bruce of Whorlton. He had previously sat for Marlborough in the House of Commons, 1710 and 1711. Doubtless the common seal and the mayor's seal were presented by him. The supporters of the arms are those of Elgin, which differ from those of Aylesbury, in that the latter carry flags. 2 Waylen, History of Marlborough, 373. By the Rev. K H. Goddarcl. 47 the Mayor and Commonalty of New Sarum. James I., in 1612 granted a new charter establishing an already-existing body of mayor, recorder, twenty-four aldermen, forty-eight assistants called " Le Eight and fortie," with two chamberlains, four constables, three sergeants-at-inace {servientes ad clavas), and other officers. Further charters were granted by Charles I., Charles II., and Anne, but the provisions of James the First's charter continued mainly in force until 1835. The mayor, recorder, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors com- pose the present corporation. The city sergeants-at-mace, originally two in number, were in- creased in 1435 to three, at which number they have since been maintained. The mayor, aldermen, and councillors now wear red cloth gowns, with broad black facings. The mace-bearers wear uniform and cocked hats. In 1496 Hen. VII., his queen, and his mother, visited the city, and it was " agreed that all of the twenty-four that have been mayors shall ride in scarlet to meet the king, and that all those who have not been mayors shall ride before the mayor in crimson. The forty-eight are to ride after the mayor in green." 1 In 1574, on the visit of Elizabeth, " for the apparelling Mr. Mayor and his associates that have been mayors, and others of that number, it is agreed that they shall be clad in scarlet gowns, and all the forty-eight to be in comely black citizens' gowns lined with taffeta or other like silk, and certain others to be ap- parelled in a similar manner to attend the mayor." 2 1580. Oct. 22nd. " At this assembly it is agreed by the consent of the whole company that every mayor from henceforth shall as well clothe his wife as also himself in scarlet, according to the orders and customs heretofore used, upon pain every mayor making default and doing the contrary shall forfeit and lose to the benefit of the chamber 201. And it is likewise agreed that every magistrate or alderman having passed the office of mayor shall not by himself nor his wife accompany the mayor and his brethren nor the mayor's wife and the mistresses upon principal festival days, viz., Christmas Day, and the two days following, New Year's Day, Twelfth Day, Purification of Our Lady, Easter Day, and Easter Monday, Ascension Day, Whit Sunday, and Whit Monday, and all Hallows Day without having and wearing their scarlet gowns upon pain of every magistrate making default 5 shillings." 3 1 Hatcher and Benson, Old and New Sarum, 210. 2 Ibid, 286. 3 Ibid, 289, 290. 48 Notes on (he Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire. 1607. Against the king's coming it was " agreed that James Everd, Mr. Mayor's sergeant, shall have a doublet and pair of breeches or hose of some fit stuff, and that the beadles shall have blue coats." 1 1626. " It is agreed and ordered that Mr. Mayor may henceforth give gowns or liveries, so as he exceed not the number of ten gowns, besides the officers, minister and clerk, aud that the order touching Mrs. Mayoress and the aldermen's wives of this city to wear their French hoods shall be continued, any former orders to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding, and if any of them fail the scarlet days then their husbands shall forfeit." 2 1638. Ordered " that every one of the forty-eight at all meetings to attend on the mayor as feast times and burials shall wear a citizen's gown faced with black fur or badger's on penalty of ten shillings." 3 1650. The wearing of scarlet or other gowns was forbidden dining the Commonwealth, This prohibition was revoked at the Bestoration. The Maces are three in number, made in 1749. They are silver-gilt, and bear the maker's mark, G.S., probably of Gabriel Sleath. They are all of the same design. No. 1. The Great Mace is of very large size — few in England are larger. Amongst the hundred and fifty maces exhibited at the Mansion House in 1893 only that of Oxford was larger than the Salisbury specimen. The type, too, is abnormal and uncommon. In all the collection above referred to, the two maces from Swansea were the only ones of the same design. It is a fine piece, and the detail of the work is good. It measures 4ft. Tin. in length. The head is of the usual shape, with open-arched crown, orb, and cross. The cresting is of large fleur-de-lys and crosses, and the cap, which rises as high as the cresting, is in the shape of a cushion with tassels. Instead of the usual caryatides dividing the bowl into compartments, oval panels are formed by wreaths of conventional palm leaves and flower work in relief. In two of these are the city arms and supporters, and the royal arms as borne by George II., 1, England impaling Scotland ; 2, France ; 3, Ireland ; 1 Hatcher and Benson, Old and New Sarwm, 313. 2 Ibid, 355. 3 Ibid, 384. By the Rev. E. II. Goddard. 49 fourth, gules, two lions passant guardant in pale or, for Brunswick; impaling or, semte of hearts gules a lion rampant azure, for Lunen- berg; on a point in point, gules a horse courant argent, for Saxony; on the centre of the fourth quarter an escutcheon gules charged with the crown of Charlemagne, or, for the Arch- Treasurer of the Holy Roman Empire, with supporters, crest and motto, and in the others two female figures, the one holding a serpent ("Wisdom), the other the sword and scales (Justice) . Immediately below the head is a boss with intertwining ribbon ornament, and on the collar below this the date in raised letters MDCGXLIX. The centre of the shaft is fashioned like a bundle of rods fastened by a spiral ribbon (fasces) . The butt swells out to almost a pear shape, chased with acanthus leaf, and the foot knop itself has the intertwining ribbon chasing. No. 2. The second mace measures 4ft. lin., and is a reduced copy of the great mace, except that the female figures on the bowl of the head are different. One stands with staff or spear in one hand, the other hand resting on a shield whereon is the cross of St. George (Fortitude ?) . The other figure holds something, apparently a cap of liberty on a stick (Liberty). No. 3. The third mace is precisely similar, except that the em- blematical figures in this case have one of them a staff in one hand, and an olive branch in the other (Peace), whilst the other figure holds a long-necked and long-billed bird in her arms, and points to a bale of merchandise (Commerce ?) This mace measures 3ft. 8in. in length. In 1603, against a visit of James I., it was ordered " that the rnace shall be new gilt, and the king's arms set or made thereon." 1 The following notice of the making of a stand for the maces in St. Thomas's Church appears in the churchwardens' accounts printed by Mr. Swayne : — 1643-4. J. Couzens Ironworke to hang the mases, £1 6s. J. Perceavall painting and gilding the frame for the maces, £1 12s. 6d." 1665. " Mr. Thornborough of this city Goldsmith delivered in his bill for the plate brought to present to the King, Queen, and Duke of York as followeth : — For one bason and Ewer and four flagons 156/. 3*., and for mending the mace, 2,1. 10s." 2 1 Hatcher & Benson, Old and New Sarum, 308. 2 Ibid, 157. VOL. XXVIII. NO. LXXXII. B 50 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire. The Mayor's Chain at present in use was formally presented to the corporation hy E. H. Hulse, Esq., M.P. for Salisbury, October 5th, 1893. 1 Mr. Hulse and the past and present members of the corporation gave one link each, while the town clerk — Mr. W. C. Powning — gave the badge. It is of 18-carat gold, and was made by Messrs. T. and J. Bragg, of Birmingham, from a design by Mr. J. W. Tonks after consultation with Mr. Alfred Gilbert, R.A. The badge is circular, with mouldings and ornamental border, with the name " Salisbury " on enamelled bosses. Within this is a six-arched canopy, in the centre of which are the city arms and supporters, a rose above, and the motto in enamels " Civitas Nova? Sarum " below. The circular links of the chain alternate with double-headed eagles (the supporters of the city arms) . They are bordered with crosses and fleur-de-lys. The central link has the old city seal in enamel, the Madonna and Child above, an arch with a bishop within it below. The other links have a series of armorial bearings in enamel — the city arms, the cathedral cognizance, the arms of Henry III. (who gave the charter in 1227), those of James I. (who gave another charter), those of Queen Anne, and those of the present Queen — whilst others bear the letter S. An inscription recording the gift of the chain is engraved on the back of the badge. The old Mayor's Chain. From 1856 to 1893 a chain of silver- gilt, bearing the Birmingham hall-mark and the date letter for 1856, with the maker's mark G. u., was in use. The badge is circular and watch-shaped, surrounded by an olive leaf wreath, enclosing a shield of the city arms in enamel, with the eagle supporters (only one of their wings shown) , and the motto below " CIVITAS NOViC SARUSVi." On the back is inscribed "Presented by the Citizens to Abraham Jackson, Esq., Mayor, for the use of himself and successors in office, June, 1856." 1 I am indebted for the above description to the columns of the Salisbury Journal. I have not seen the new chain myself. — E.H.G, By the BeiK E. E. Goddard. 51 The chain itself consists of eighteen sets of three links, portcullis, rose, and twisted knot repeated. On the presentation of the new chain, October 5th, 1893, it was agreed that this disused chain should be placed in a glass case in the Council Chamber with tlie names of the majors who had worn it. 1681. " Two new inaces were bought." 1 1749. It was agreed that " the new maces " [i.e., those now in use] " be accepted at the price of £218, and the old ones be sold at 5s. 6d. per ounce, and the money paid to Mr. Went worth." 2 Dining the Commonwealth a sword of state, with a cap of maintenance for the sword-bearer, seem to have been used either in addition to, or instead of, the maces. 1656. " The charter of the city was renewed for its loyalty by Cromwell and a sword with a cap of maintenance was brought in." 3 1657-8. " A crooke and Loope to put ye Sword in 2*. 6d. Guilding the Crooke 2s. 6i." 4 1660-1. It was " ordered that the sword and cap of maintenance, the emblems of authority under the Protectoral government, be brought into the Council House to be sold or otherwise disposed of. The sword of state is also said to have been broken at the whipping post." 5 Two Brass Badges are preserved in the Council Chamber. They are roughly fashioned in the shape of an eagle displayed with two heads, bearing the city arms. The neck pierced for suspension. On the back is the inscription " N. Still, Mayor, 1782." The city formerly possessed a set of silver chains worn by the " Waits," or town musicians, but in 1660 : — " The Council House was broken open and the silver chains taken away belonging to the town musicians." 6 1 " A Collection of Remarkable Events relative to the City of New Sarum, 1817. 2 Old and New Sarum, 521. 3 A Collection of Remarkable Events, &c. 4 St. Thomas's Churchwardens' accounts. 5 Old and New iSarum, 445. 6 Collection of Remarkable Events relative to the City of New Sarum, 52 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire. [A f ow of these waits' chains still exist. Exeter has four of James the First's time ; Kings Lynn, five of Elizabethan date ; and the chain worn by the Mayor of Beverley is also formed of them.] The Loving Cup. This is a handsome two-handled cup, j standing 18in. high, bearing the London hall-mark, the date letter j for 1796, and the maker's mark of Samuel Howland. It is of the elegant " classical " style, which, just at the end of the last century I is seen in all the best productions of the time. The bowl has the I usual engraved garlands and festoons of flowers enclosing on one side a shield of the city arms, and on the other the arms of the donor, Quarterly , first and fourth, Earle, Gules three escallops within I a lor dure engrailed or ; second and third, Benson (of Salisbury) t argent three trefoils sable between two bendlets gules with crescent for difference. Crest, a lion's head erased pierced with an arrow. Above the arms is inscribed : — " The gift by will of Will"1- Benson Earle Esq., who died 21st March, 1796." 1 " In March, 1797, a large silver cup, value fifty guineas was presented to the mayor and commonalty on the bequest of William Benson Earle, Esq., of the j Close." — (Old and New Sarum, 554.) The Common Seal. No. 1. The oldest known seal3 is probably contemporary with I the charter of 1227. It is circular, 2 Jin. in diameter. It bears the 1 figure of the Virgin and Child standing behind the city wall between two spires. The wall terminates at each end in a battlemented tower, whereon stands a bird with a crescent over. Above the Virgin's left shoulder is a blazing sun or star to balance the floriated end of her sceptre. Under a niche, in the base is the half-length figure of the bishop as lord of the city. The legend is, in Lombardic capitals : — 1 William Benson Earle, son of Harry Benson Earle, b. at Shaftesbury, July 7th, 1740 ; educated at Winchester and Merton, Oxon ; B.A., 1761 ; M.A., 1764 ; died, 21st March, 1796 ; buried at Newton Toney ; monument to him by Flaxman in north transept of Cathedral. A man of wide attainments, F.R.S., F.S.A., and a musician. A sketch of his life is given in Hatcher & Benson's Old and New Sarum, pp. 649—652. 2 Old and New Sarum. PI. II., p. xvii. By the Rev. E. H. Goddard. 53 " + SIOIL : NOV/E : €fflTATJ5 = SARfiSBYRifi" This seal seems to have been used until 1658 (?), when it was stolen with other things out of the Council House, and a new one made. No. 2. This was 2in. in diameter, hearing an ornate shield of the city arms, " or, four bars azure " with the circumscribing legend: — "THE : CITIE : OF : NEW : SARUM : 1 6 5 8." No. 3. In 1836 the reformed corporation adopted a new seal, the same style as the last, bearing the city arms with supporters, " two double-headed eagles displayed or, each gorged with a coronet and beaked and legged azure." The legend runs : — 11 THE MAYOR. ALDERMEN AND BURGESSES OF NEW SARUSV1, 18.36." No. 5. The seal at present in use is a copy of the one of 1836, 2in. in diameter, bearing a shaped shield with supporters and the legend : — • "THE MAYOR, ALDERMEN AND CITIZENS OF THE CITY OF NEW SARUM, 1851." A duplicate is used as an embossing stamp, The Mayor's Seal. No. 1. The oldest known is a small pointed oval seal of early thirteenth century date, 2in. long, bearing the Annunciation beneath a canopy with a figure praying in base, and the legend, in Lombardic capitals : — "S. MAiGRiS SARRYM/' No. 2 is circular, of early fourteenth century date, lfin. in diameter, bearing the same device and the legend : — " S1GILLV . MAIORIS ♦ SARRYM * " No. 3, of early fifteenth century date, bears the same device and the legend : — " fttgiUum t matortd. : nobe t &avufti." 54 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire. No. 4. A circular seal, lin. across, apparently of the date 1658, with the city arms shown as Barry of six, and the legend : — " * CIVITAS : NOVvflE : SARVM." No. 5. The present mayor's seal, dating from 1836, is circular, 1 Jin. across. It hears the city arms with supporters, with crossed palm branches below the shield, and the legend round : — " CIVITAS NOVE SARUM." The corporation possesses a good deal of domestic plate. Silver Salvers. No. 1. The largest, a handsome piece of its kind, measures 19in. across, and stands 2Jin. high on four legs formed of double-headed eagles. It bears the London hall-mark for 1745, with the maker's mark G. F. It has a high raised open-work rim of vine leaves and masks. In the centre is a shaped shield of the city arms with mantling and eagle supporters. On a scroll surrounding the arms and underneath is the following inscription : — " A.B. 1745. The Donors of several pieces of Plate from whence this was fram'd are gratefully remembered" oz. dwt. John Beiyley Gent, a 8alvr- 23 - 11 in 1600. 1 Bob1- Baines Gent, a Plate 12 - 5 in 1633. 2 Thos. Gardiner Gent, a Salt 34 - 15 in 1672." 3 1 In 1606 one John Bailey (? mayor 1577), a prominent member of the vestry of St. Martin's and owner of Bishop's Down Farm, got into his hands the property of the tithe and patronage of the Church, and is mixed up in legal proceedings. {Old and New Sarum, 500.) In 1593 he was evidently one of the chief citizens, the mayor together with him and others, drawing up a state- ment of their grievances against the bishop. (Ibid, 298.) In 1590 he was ordered to ride to London with another to get the city incorporated. (Ibid, 296.) 2 Robert Baines was evidently a prominent member of the corporation — mentioned in 1626. (Ibid, 255.) 3 Thos. Gardiner (? mayor, 1661) advanced money to pay debts for the corpo- ration 1665. (Ibid, 456.) By his will, dated May 31st, 1684, he gave to the mayor and commonalty £60 in trust, to pay the inmates of Eyres' Almshouses the sum of £3 yearly by equal portions of 20.?. in Lent, Easter Week, and at Whitsuntide. There is also " Gardiner's Charity," founded by a Thos. Gardiner. By the Rev. E. H. Goddard. 55 Nos. 2 and 3. Diameter 9 Jin. They stand on three claw feet and have shaped and moulded rims. In the centre are the city arms and supporters, and a broad border of engraved ornament. The hall-marks are as in No. 1 ; the date letter is for 1745. No. 4 has the London hall-mark for 1846 and the maker's initials C. R., G. S. It measures 16 Jin. in diameter, and stands If in. high on three scroll legs. It has a shaped and moulded rim, and the surface is covered with elaborate ornamentation, with this in- scription in the centre : — " This Salver and Tea Service intended to have been presented to the late Henri/ Hatcher by his Pupils as a testimonial of their feelings of gratitude and esteem towards him as a Tutor and Friend, were in consequence of his lamented death on the 16th of December, 1846, given to his son, Willm- Henry Hatcher, C. S., on the 6lh day of April, 1847 "l And round the outside of the engraved ornament is the further inscription : — " Bequeathed to the Corporation of New Sarum, by the above-named Mr. William Henry Hatcher, 1879. IF. Hicks, Mayor" The Tea and Coffee Service consists of tea-pot, coffee-pot, sugar-basin, and cream- jug, and bears the same hall-marks as Salver No. 3 above. All the pieces stand on four scroll feet, and have rather poor repousse ornamentation, with the city arms on one side, and on the other the inscription :- — " W \ H. Hatcher's Bequest, 1879." A Pair of Candlesticks, of massive make, standing 12Jin. high, with the arms of the city engraved on their bases, and under- neath the inscription : — 1 Henry Hatcher, born at Kemble, May 14th, 1777. Secretary to Rev. W. Coxe, 1795. Postmaster of Salisbury, 1817 — 1822 ; afterwards kept a private school in Endless Street. A great linguist and antiquary. The historian of " Old and New Sarum." Died, December 14th, 1846. A monument to him in the south transept of the Cathedral. John Britton wrote " Memoirs of Henry Hatcher," 1847. His only son, William Henry Hatcher, was a civil engineer, chemist, &c. He contributed " Observations on the Geology of Salisbury and ^he Vicinity " to his father's History of Old and New Sarum. 50 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire. " Edmd- Pitman Becordr- D.D. 1743." No date letter is visible ; the maker's mark is /. L. ( ? John Lampf ert) . The sockets are apparently of later date, and bear the maker's mark P. B. ? R. Watchman's Horn. This is preserved in the Salisbury and South Wilts Museum, and is referred to in the catalogue (edition 1864) as " one of the few relics preserved from the destruction of the old Council House, which was burnt down in 1780. It was formerly used by the night watch in case of fire or other cause of alarm in the city."' The horn, which is almost semi- circular t measures 19 Jin. across. It is of white ox-horn with plain mountings of copper at either end, and a broad iron band just below the mounting of the mouth. On the copper rim at the mouth are roughly engraved the city arms, the date 1675, and the names "THOMAS shergold, George J CLEMENS, THOMAS WAVSBROUGH, PETER PHELPES, Head Constables." WESTBUEY. In 1835 the corporation consisted of a mayor, recorder, and thirteen capital burgesses, with steward and other officers. No f robes have been worn by the mayor or corporation within living j memory. The Common Seal. The head is of silver, of oval form, If in. ! x If in., and bears a shield of the town arms, Quarterly or and azure a cross quartered patonce and fleury within a bordure charged with twenty lioncels all counter -changed. The surrounding legend reads : — " 4- S1G1LLVM * MAIOR1S * ET * BVRGEN * DE * WESTBVRIE." The ivory handle of the seal, about 4Jin. in length, is inscribed : — "MATHEVS • LEY • HOC • DEDIT • A° • 67 Bom 1685 By Oliver Nicholas Esqr." No. 2. The older. Mace is a beautiful silver-gilt example of the earlier type, measuring 24|in. in length. The only hall-mark is a maker's, mark which looks like 1. G. The head is semi-globular, with a cresting of fleur-de-lys, and winged cherub heads on the bowl. Mr. St. John Hope thinks the open arches of the crown have been added later. Their details, however, would suggest that they are contemporary. On the cap are the royal arms of Charles 58 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire, I. within the garter — the initials C. R. at the sides without sup- porters. The shaft is slender and plain, with small plainly moulded "bosses. Round the bottom are six projecting griffins representing the flanges of the war mace. Round the shaft above them runs the inscription : — " G. S. Mai 1639." and below them : — " Ri : Grafton fecit!' On the button in which the foot terminates is engraved a rebus— the letters WIL above a tun, all within an olive wreath. No. 3 is a very small Sergeant's Mace, now disused. It is of silver, 8 Jin. long, with plain semi-globular head without cresting or ornament, bearing on the cap within an olive wreath the initials of Queen Anne : — A • R 1709. There are no hall-marks. The foot ends in an acorn. The Mayor's Chain. This is silver- gilt and consists of fourteen large lockets, thirteen of which bear enamelled shields of the arms of England (and Wilton), Gules three lions passant guardant or, ensigned by civic coronets — whilst the central locket has the mono- gram V. W. in red and white enamel. These are coupled by plain links. The badge is is of good design and workmanship, having in the upper part the monogram j E. N., 1 and in the base the date 1879. In the centre a circular enamelled medallion with the device as on the mayor's seal, and the legend round it : — 2Surg tse TOtton, trusts : tibttatfef." The chain bears the Birmingham hall-mark (anchor) and date letter for 1878, the badge the date letter for 1879. It was made by Mr. J. W. Singer, of Frome, and cost £57 15*. 1 James Edward Nightingale, F.S.A., author of Church Plate in Wilts, and Church Plate in Dorset, &c. Mayor of Wilton, 1872. Had much to do with the designing and purchasing of the chain in 1879. By the 'Rev. E. H. Goddard. 59 The Loving Cup is represented by a small silver tankard 5§in. high x 4 Jin. in diameter at the base. It has on the lid : — WILTON BVRROVGH 1693 and on the front a shield of the town arms (really the arms of England), three lions passant guardant in pale, with the conventional stiff-leaf palm branch mantling of the period. It bears no hall- marks. It is of the usual type of small domestic tankards of the time. The Seals. The Old Common Seal is a pointed oval in shape, 2 J in. long. The matrix is of brass. Under a triple canopy a representation of the shrine of S. Edith in the abbey at Wilton, with a shield of the arms of England above one end and an angel with a censer issuing from the clouds. Below, in a round-headed niche, is the half-length figure of an abbess. The legend reads (with a sprig after each word) : — "Sbtgtllu' romuttc fcurgewg Ire KltUotu" Its date is put by Mr. St. John Hope at the beginning of the fifteenth century. The older Mayor's Seal is a circular one, 1 j-6 in- in diameter, the matrix of silver, of early fifteenth century date, under a triple canopy with a shield of England over the central pediment, a representation of the coronation of the Virgin, with the legend : — " £ : mamrttatte : fiurg tte totltcm." The later seal is also circular, the matrix of steel, with ivory handle. [Mr. St. J ohn Hope also notices as in possession of the corporation the ancient fifteenth century seal of the Hospital of St. Giles, the charity of which they have administered since the Reformation. It is a pointed oval 3 Jin. long, with a rude figure of St. Giles as Abbot, holding a crozier with a hind wounded by an arrow leaping up against him, under a canopy, the legend being : — " ft' ftomu* elimorfitare get Sgctri ftijrta OaXtltoit."] 60 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire. \ WOOTTON BASSETT is an old prescriptive borough. In 1835 the corporation consisted of a mayor, two aldermen, I twelve capital burgesses, a town clerk or recorder, with two sergeants- j 1 at-mace, a constable, and a crier. The corporation is now dissolved. 11 The robes worn by the mayor were of red cloth trimmed with black ' | velvet; those of the aldermen and burgesses being of dark blue or ; purple camlet trimmed with black velvet. . '\ The Maces. These, though much alike, are not an exact pair. 1 They bear no hall-marks. They are of silver with iron cores, and \ the heads are heavily loaded with lead. Both are much damaged, and have been frequently mended. ;|!, No. 1 is 15in. long, No. 2 being 14J-in. They have plain semi- J \ globular heads with a cresting of fleur-de-lys and plain slender shafts \ with only bands for bosses. Projecting from the grip at the bottom I are five well-developed flanges precisely of the pattern of the flange 5j of the old war mace. Mace No. 1 has these five flanges silver-gilt j and all of one pattern — while No. 2 has lost one, and has two< L engraved with Elizabethan foliage. On the caps are engraved plain I shields of the royal arms as borne by James I., silver-gilt. There i is no mantling or initials or crown, only the date 1603 over the shield. Mace No. 1 has the shield engraved a much larger size i than that on No. 2. Both have the initials E. S. on the under part of the bowl of the head. The Sword was presented by Mr. John Attersol, one of the| I Members for the borough in 1812, while his colleague — Mr. James I Kibblewhite — gave the robes. Each gift is said to have cost one j hundred guineas. It is really a very handsome thing, and the workmanship of the gilt brass mounts is good. It measures 45 Jin. in length. The " grip " is of ivory bound with silver wire. The "pommel," "guard," and "chape" are oi gilt brass deeply engraved with leaf- work — the scabbard being oi crimson velvet edged with silver braid. The blade is straight and plain without mark or inscription. By the Rev. E. E. Goddard. 61 The upper " locket " of the scabbard bears on one side the borough arms, gules a chevron between three lozenges argent^ and on the other side the arms of John Attersol, 1 and 4, argent a cross jlorij between four mullets ; 2 and 3, or on a bend wavy cotised three crosses. Crest, a ducal coronet transfixed with three spears (?) two in sallire and one in pale. Motto, Suivez la gloire. The middle locket has the arms and crest of James Kibblewhite, in fess three ialbot's heads erased, in base a rose, on a chief as many roses. Crest, a talbot's head erased charged with a rose as in the arms. Motto, Mens Rrudens propositi tenax.2 The lower locket has only engraved leaf ornament. The Seals, although known to have been in existence within living memory, had disappeared for many years until in March, 1893, one of them, with a steel head slightly oval in shape, measuring lin x fin. in diameter, with an ivory moulded handle 2fin. in height, turned up amongst a lot of sundries in the sale of the effects of an old inhabitant named Wiggins, and was bought by Mr. E. C. Trepplin. It bears a shield of the borough arms with very slight moulding, and the legend : — "MINOR • SIGILLVM ■ WOOTTON • BASSETT • ALS • WOOTTON VET US." On the neck of the head is inscribed : — "Ex dono Prenobil. L. Comitis Rochester 1682." 3 1 The shield of the borough arms differs from the Hyde arms from which it is taken in the tinctures. 2 James Kibblewhite was of a family long connected with North Wilts. His father was a basket-maker at Lydiard Millicent. He began life as an office-boy in the office of Mr. Bradford, solicitor, of Swindon, worked his way up, became an attorney in Gray's Inn, made money, was one of the founders of the Medical, Clerical, and General Life Assurance Company, in whose board-room his portrait hangs, and died leaving property worth some £60,000. For this and other information as to Wootton Bassett I am indebted to Mr. W. F. Parsons, of Hunt's Mill. 3 The donor was Lawrence Hyde, second son of Edward, Earl of Clarendon, M.P. for the borough from 1679 to 168 L, when he was created Baron of Wootton Bassett and Viscount Hyde, of Kenilworth. Earl of Rochester in 16S2. Died, 1711, after holding many high offices of State. 62 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire. Tho modem endorsing stamp lias the town arms with a buckled band inscribed : — "BOROUGH OF WOOTTON BASSETT." Constable's Staff. This is of wood, 4ft. lOin. long, with a plain gilt head on which, in relief, .are the initials C. R. and the date 1678. Of the other old Wiltshire boroughs which have not been men- tioned, three were disfranchised before 1832, viz., Bradford, Mere, and Highworth. Great Bedwyn, I) own ton, Heytesbury, Hindon, Ludgershall, Old Sarum, as well as Wootton Bassett, were dis- franchised in 1832. The common seal of (treat Bedwyn is figured in vol. vi., p. 271 of this Magazine. It is circular, bearing a shaped shield with elaborate moulding, azure, a tower domed argent. Crest, a griffin passant or, with the legend : — "THE * COMMON • SEALE • OF • THE • CORPORATION ■ OF GREAT • BEDWIN." I have not been able to discover any remaining insignia of the other boroughs. [For many of the details as to the history of the corporations, and the seals, I have to acknowledge my indebtness to the proof sheets of Mr. St. J ohn Hope's forthcoming work, " The Corporation Plate and Insignia of England and Wales" which I have had the advantage of consulting. I take this opportunity, also, of expressing my thanks to the mayors, town clerks, and other officials of the various towns for the very great courtesy and kindness with which they have answered enquiries and have allowed me to see and take notes of the various insignia in their custody. I have, in addition, \ to thank Mr. C. W. Holgate, Mr. W. F. Parsons, and others, for l help readily given. — E. H. Gr.] 63 T]ie History of Chippenham, by the Rev. J. J. Daniell, Eector of Langley Burrell. Compiled from researches by the Author and from the Collections of the late Rev. Canon Jackson, F.S.A. B. F. Houlston, Chippenham and Bath. 1894, Cr. 8vo, cloth, Price 5s. nett. This little book of 248 pages, with two illustrations of Old Chippenham, does not pretend to be an elaborate history of the town. Tbe author has aimed rather at giving an account of the more notable persons, events, buildings, and institutions connected with the history of the place and neighbourhood, gathered from the best available sources of information and arranged and written in such form and style as that the public at large may find it both easy and interesting to read, and may not be deterred from so doing by any appearance of archaeological dryness — and he has done his work well. As he tells us in the preface, a great deal of the historical information comes from Canon Jackson's unpublished papers, now at the Society of Antiquaries, and much of it is exceedingly interesting, not only to the general reader, but to the student of local history and antiquities. As will be seen from the following " contents," almost everything connected with the place is touched upon — The site of Chippenham — the Manor, Sheldon, Rowden, Monckton, Cocklebury and Foghamshire, Allington — Forests — Geology — River Avon, springs and wells, Lockswell Spring — The Garden of Wilts— Stanley Abbey — The Parish, Borough, Charters, Town Hall, M.Ps., Bailiffs, Town, Trade, Bridge, Cause- way, Plague, School, Fire of London, Riots, Manor of Ogbourne St. George — Nomina Villarum — Sheriffs of Wilts — Maud Heath's Causeway — The Civil Wars — Parish Church, Chantries, Vicars, Church Lands, Registers, Communion Plate, Bells, Churchwardens' Records, Monumental Inscriptions — WestTyther- ton — St. Paul's Church — List of Celtic and Saxon Words — Distinguished Natives — Persons of Note who have lived in the Neighbourhood — A useful index completing the book. The greater part of these subjects are treated shortly, accurately, and well, but there are one or two blemishes. The section on the Geology of Chippenham, for instance, really conveys no accurate idea of the facts ; whilst the surprising natural history stories on pages 36, 37 are quite unworthy of the rest of the book. In the list of words of " Celtic or Saxon origin " in local use, too, it is hard to see why such words as con- traption, whippersnapper, taut (tight), lackadaisical, fractious, humbug, hullaballoo, bran new, rapscallion, swop, blubber, wallop, &c, should find a place. The book has been favourably reviewed in the Devizes Gazette, August 30th, 1894. Letters, Remains, and Memoirs of Edward Adolphus Seymour, Twelfth Duke of Somerset, K.Gk, in which are also included some 64 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. extracts from his two published Works on Christianity and Democracy. Edited and arranged by W. H. Mallock and Lady Gwendoline Eamsden. London. Ii. Bentley & Son. 8vo, cloth. 1893. This is a well got up book of x and 547 pages, with a good autotype portrait of the Duke from a bust by Brock. It cannot be called a biography, for, with the exception of here and there a small print explanatory note, the letters are left to tell their own story. They deal with his home life, his travels on the Continent, and the active part which he took in politics for more than forty years. The large majority were written to his father, his wife, and his brother-in-law, Brinsley Sheridan, and although they cannot he said to be of any great public interest— here and there they contain a good story — yet they present the writer as an honourable and upright English gentleman, bound to his own home circle by the ties of great affection. The epitome of his work on " Christian Theology and Modern Scepticism " shows that he entertained very liberal views on the doctrines of Christianity, and that, in his view, religious controversy should cease in the future in the presence of a latitudinarian scheme of comprehension for all Protestant denomi- nations. In his work on " Monarchy and Democracy " he traces shortly the growth of modern political opinions, quoting the various doctrines pro- pounded by distinguished writers on political science and comparing their predictions with the teaching of subsequent events and very shrewdly points out the dangers of the modern democratic ideal of government. The Annals of the Yeomanry Cavalry of Wiltshire, vol. ii., from 1884 to 1893, by (Col.) Henry Graham. 8vo. Liverpool. D. Marples & Co. 1894. This is a thin volume of 44 pages with an unnamed portrait (we believe of Col. Estcourt) as a frontispiece. In it the author continues the work he began in his first volume in 1886. The annals of the regiment are traced up to date, and end with an account of the centenary celebration. There are three ap- pendices, a list of officers 1884 — 1893, a list of regimental prize-winners, and the centenary muster roll. Noticed in Salisbury Journal, June 23rd, 1894- Th e Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, Lieutenant- General of the Horse in the Army of the Commonwealth of England, 1625 — 1672. Edited, with Appendices of Letters and Illustrative Documents, by C. H. Firth, M A. Two vols., 8vo. Oxford. Clarendon Press. 1894. Vol. i., pp. xlix. and 436 ; vol, ii., pp. 571. Since their first appearance in 1698 Ludlow's Memoirs, which are at once an autobiography and a history of his own time, have been looked upon as one of the chief authorities for the history of the period, and have been repeatedly reprinted, but Mr. Firth claims that this is the first edition in which a number of suppressed passages in the memoirs have been printed. The critical in- troduction of 49 pages by the Editor is partly intended to complete Ludlow's account of himself, and partly to estimate the value of his contribution to the general history of the period. In vol. i. there are five appendices, Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 65 containing the Pedigree of Ludlow, a Sketch of the Civil War in Wilts (pp. 439 — 482)— the account of General Ludlow — Ludlow's services in Ireland — and the Wiltshire Election of 1654 ; whilst vol. ii. contains appendices occupying 131 pages, on Col. Nicolas Kempson — Ludlow's command in Ireland — the articles against him — the Election for Hindon, 1660 — Letters of the English Exiles in Switzerland— Ludlow's visit to England in 1689 — Epitaphs, from Vevay — The site of Ludlow's House at Vevay. Of these, as will be seen several are concerned more or less with Wiltshire matters, whilst the Sketch of the Civil War in Wilts is an excellent outline of the general course of the struggle in the county, supplementing Ludlow's own account of the events in which he himself took part. There are a good many illustrative footnotes. The index at the end seems fairly full, and the Editor seems in every way to have done his work well. The text is that of the edition of 1698 with the errata noted in vol. iii. corrected. Stonehenge, the Balearic Isles, and Malta ; Ancient Temples com- pared. By Capt. S. P. Oliver, F.S.A., is a paper in The Illustrated London Neios of August 4th, 1894. Capt. Oliver apparently maintains, as he did a year or two ago in The Times, that the original condition of Stonehenge is to be explained by the analogy of the megalithic monuments of the Balearic Isles and of Malta. He argues that as it has been fairly proved that the upright pillars with cap stones on them, or "Taulas," found in the Balearic buildings, were really not altars, but pillars to support a roof— so the lintels of the outer sarsen circle at Stonehenge were to support the roof of a cloister or terrace surrounding the higher central roofed building— supported by the great trilithons, corresponding with the conical towers or " Talayots " of Minorca. The notion, he says, "that Stonehenge was hypsethral, or open to the sky, may certainly be dismissed from the mind " — though he does not tell us what the roof was made of, or what has become of it. He apparently believes that there was no outer circle at Stonehenge at all, but that the south-west side was cut off flat, as in some of the Mediterranean buildings, and that the entrance was on the south-east side. Of Avebury he says : — " Avebury is generally quoted as a larger and ruder counterpart of Stonehenge, but so few stones remain in situ that is is almost impossible to re-construct it even in imagination. It is classed as a circle with interior circles, yet if Aubrey's plans (however uutrustworthy) are consulted, it will be seen that even in his day the circle is a stretch of the imagination — one side, that to the south-west, is decidedly flat, and the so-called circles within are decidedly of horseshoe shape, with straight facades also to south- west and south. The so-called avenues may have been lines of Cyclopean fortification, or portions of an enciente, and probably only the central stones inside the inner circles represented the ruins of edifices not dissimilar to those now seen in the Balearic Islands." The paper occupies two pages, and is illustrated with a plan and two photographic blocks of Stonehenge, with four others of megalithic structures in Minorca and Malta. Wilton. In Good Words for July, 1894, is a paper by Geoffrey Winterwood, VOL. XXVIII. NO. LXXXII. F 66 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. with illustrations by G. Tidier, on Wilton House. The woodcuts, seven in number, of the entrance, the house and bridge, cloisters, interior of the bridge, house from the west, Holbein's Porch, and south-west view of the house, do not do justice to their subjects, and the singular charm of Wilton is hardly reflected in the sketchy letterpress. Tlie Jutes and Wansdyke. In the October number of The Antiquary, vol. xxx., p. 152 — 156, Mr. P. M. Willis has a paper entitled " Notes on the Jutes," in which he puts forward arguments, principally etymological, to prove that the Jutes took a much more prominent place in the Teutonic conquest of Britain than has hitherto been supposed. Mr. Willis does not dogmatise on the point, but professedly gives the reasons for his theory for what they are worth. How far his etymological arguments are sound is not easy to judge. He quotes from Henry of Huntingdon the following passage : — " A.D. 478. Hengist, King of Kent, died in the fortieth year after his invasion of Britain, and his son Esc reigned thirty-four years. Esc, inheriting his father's valor, firmly defended his kingdom against the Britons,and augmented it by territories conquered from them." He considers that until the coming of Cerdic and Cynric and the West Saxons in 519 the supreme power lay with the Jutes, the " Kingdom of the Kentish people " being a much more extended district than that which we know now as Kent. " It is with this extension of Kent," Mr. Willis says, " of which Henry of Huntingdon speaks that I connect Wansdyke, and although the latter was probably never completed, it was, I imagine, iEsc's intention to carry it right across the island from channel to channel as a northern boundary to the larger kingdom for which he was striving." The Museums at Farnham, Dorset, and at King John's House, Tollard Royal, pp. 166—171, in The Antiquary for October, 1894 (vol. xxx.), is the title of a long and extremely appreciative article by Roach le Schonix on the wonderful series of institutions which Gen. Pitt-Rivers has established near Rushmore. The arrangement, classification, and labelling of these collections are spoken of in the highest terms. Of the collection of ancient pottery the writer says : — " We know of no other museum that has anything like so perfect a general collection illustrative of the various styles of pottery prevailing in different countries and at different periods, though there are a few that have a far richer variety under one or other special heading." " A Short Ghride to the Larmer Grounds, Rushmore ; King John's House ; and the Museum at Farnham, Dorset, by Lt.-Gren. Pitt- Rivers, F.R.S., F.S.A.," is an 8vo pamphlet of 16 pp., giving a short account of the pleasure grounds and museums already mentioned. It is illustrated with a map of the neighbourhood, plans of the museums, and fifteen photographic views of the Larmer Grounds, Rushmore Park, the museum, and King John's House, admirably reproduced, as well as a cut of the Larmer Tree. A long notice of the book, with an illustration of King John's House, appears in the Illustrated Archceologist, September 1894, vol. ii., p. 115. Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 67 Report on Experiments with Potatoes and Onions in Warminster and District, 1893. 4to ; wrapper. London. 1894. Price Is. Is pub- lished by the Technical Education Committee of the Wilts County Council, and consists of 32 pages recording the results of elaborate investigations into the value of different manures, the best methods of checking disease, and the varieties of potato best suited to different soils and circumstances, &c. The analyst's reports are by J. M. H. Munro, and the general report by E. S. Beaven and E. H. Smith. It is illustrated by a good plate of six micro-photographs of the organisms which are responsible for the potato disease. Noticed in Salisbury Journal, March 24th, 1894. Salisbury Cathedral. In Messrs. Cassell's " Cathedrals, Abbeys and Churches of England and Wales," 4to, an article of 7 pages, by H. T. Armfield, is devoted to Salisbury. This, though written in a popular form, is by no means of the ordinary " handbook " type, but is full of valuable suggestions and criticisms — as to the original position of the high altar — the different effect of the polychrome decorations in ancient times and at present — and other like points. The article is illustrated by an excellent full-page photo-print of the Palace and Cathedral from the Palace grounds, and by four other decent woodcuts in the letterpress. Poems in Pink. By W. Phillpotts Will iams, Master and Huntsman of the Netton Harriers. Cr. 8vo, cloth, pp. 79. Salisbury, Brown & Co. ; London, Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. Price 5s. This volume contains some thirty pieces, of which the majority are hunting ballads. Many of them have already appeared in Bailey's Magazine, Land and Water, The Sportsman, and The Country Gentleman — others are printed here for the first time. A favourable review of the book appeared in the Salisbury Journal for September 22nd, 1894. Truffle Hunting. The Standard of October 6th, 1894, contains an article descriptive of the process of hunting for truffles with dogs — with special reference to the neighbourhood of Winterslow and Salisbury. English truffles we are told are worth about "2s. 6d. per lb., and the counties in which they most abound are Wilts, Hants, and Dorset. Winterslow is again brought into notice by a long article in the Pall Mall Gazette of September 20th, 1894, on Major Poore's extremely interesting experiment there in the sale or lease of plots of land to small holders. This article has been reproduced by many of the county papers. Downton. An article from The Agricultural Gazette on the College of Agriculture at Downton, by H. E., is noticed in the Salisbury Journal, February 24th, 1894. Marlborough. Great Public Schools, published by Edward Arnold. London, 1893 — Qs. — contains an illustrated article on Marlborough College. F 2 68 Wiltshire Booh, Pamphlets, and Articles. 01(1 Sariim. In The Sunday Magazine for October, 1894, there is an article on " The Green Rings of Old Sarum," by Wm. Canton, with several illus- trations by A. Quinton. Wilts Book Plates. The Journal of the JEx Libris Society, vol. iii., p. 92, 93, has an article on " Gore Book Plates," by J. R. B., with two illustrations, in which they are attributed to Thomas Gore, of Alderton ; and in voL iv., part 6, there is an article of two-and-a-half pages, with three illustrations* on "The Hungerford Book Plate," by J. Whitmarsh. Early Man in Marlborough, by J. W. Brooke, 8vo, 12 pages. This is the paper read bj Mr. Brooke at the Marlborough Meeting of the Society on July 19th, 1894. It was reported fully in the local papers at the time, and was reprinted in pamphlet form from the columns of The Marlborough Times. Mr. Brooke's record of the discovery of what he believes to be Palaeolithic Flint weapons on the surface at Pantawick and elsewhere near Marlborough, and still more his belief that he has found weapons of this age in situ in the gravel pits of Savernake Forest, are very interesting points, but the scientific value of his paper as a whole is quite marred by the very loose rein which the author gives to his imagination in describing the life of Palaeolithic man in the Pewsey Vale, and in the theories which he advances as to the origin and use of Avebury and Stonehenge and Silbury. To say, as he does, that " the earliest objects of worship in this locality were the two stupendous works of labour and patience the Marlborough Mound and Silbury Hill " is to make a statement which he brings forward no proof to support, and which will seem to the great majority of those who have studied the subject very misleading. Cecily among the Birds is a bright story for children, in which birds are the chief actors, by Miss Maude Prower (of Purton), which occupies 11 pages in the October and November numbers of The Animal World. Robert Carroll, by M. E, Le Clerc (Miss Margaret E. Clarke), is an historical novel of the time of the Young Pretender. Noticed in The Standard, 1893. A Toy Tragedy is the title of a story recently published by Mrs. H. de la Pasture (of Malmesbury). Tha Parish Councils Bill is a Dialogue in Wiltshire Dialect by Mr. E. Slow, of Wilton. Reprinted in pamphlet form, 12mo, from The Weekly Hecord. Lord Lansdowne's Yiceroyalty of India— a notice from The Times— is reprinted in the Devizes Gazette, June 28th, 1894. Bichard J efferies. Longman s Magazine for June. 1894, has an unpublished paper by him — "The Spring of the Tear." A. Blue Book, with a report by Mr. Aubrey J. Spenser on the condition of Agricultural Labour in Wilts, &c, was noticed in the Salisbury Journal, August 12th, 1893. Will shire Boo&s, Pamphlets, and Articles. 69 The Report of the Wiltshire Delegate, Mr. W. Weekes, of Cleverton, Chippenham; on Agricultural Prospects in Canada, is given in the Devizes Gazette, January 4th, 1894. A Wiltshire Ballad, "Oh! the pity of it," appears in The Pall Mall Budget June 21st, 1894. The Wiltshire rustic is made to talk of " Hushed glades of Heden land Rose crystal spring." ! ! The Tendency towards Centralization in County Management. Edward Stanford, Cockspur Street. Reprinted from The Wiltshire Mirror. A paper by Major Poore, noticed in The Guardian, August 15th, 1894. Wiltshire Pictures. In the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition there was a distant view of Salisbury Cathedral from the north-west, across the meadows, by C. E. Johnson (No. 278) ; and in the New Gallery (No. 9), " Evening at Stonehenge," by Frank Dillon, the sun setting behind the stones, the soil sandy. The Grafton Gallery Exhibition of "Fair Women" included the portraits of Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke, by Marc Gheeraedts, lent by Lord de L'Isle and Dudley ; Frances Seymour, Marchioness of Granby, d. of Charles, Sixth Duke of Somerset, by Hogarth, lent by the Duke of Rutland ; and the following works of Sir Thomas Lawrence : — Eliza Farren, Countess of Derby, lent by W. Beaumont, Esq.; another of the same, lent by the Earl of Wilton ; Mrs. Fraser, lent by Col. Mackenzie Fraser ; Georgina Lennox, Countess Bathurst, lent by Earl Bathurst ; Jane Elizabeth Digby, Lady Ellenborough, lent by Alfred Morrison, Esq. ; Mrs. Locke, lent by Lady Walsingham ; Harriet Maria Day, lent by A. Smith Wright, Esq. ; " Charity," lent by H. Samuel, Esq. Obituary Notices. Mr. Alec Taylor. The Devizes Gazette, September 20th, 1894, had a notice of this well-known trainer of racehorses, who died at Manton on September 13th. A notice from The Sportsman is also quoted. Greorge William Thomas Brudenell Bruce, fourth Marquis of Ailesbury, died April 10th, 1894. Born 1863. Succeeded his grandfather — the third marquis — in 1886. (He was the son of George John Brudenell Bruce and Evelyn Mary, second daughter of the Earl of Craven). Obituary notices appeared in the Daily Telegraph, The Star, St. James's Gazette, Devizes Gazette, Wilts County Mirror, and other papers. He never took his seat in the House of Lords, and leaves no children, Rev. Richard Haking, Mus. Doc. A short in memoriam notice in The Guardian, September 19th, 1894, by F. A. J. H. Mr. Haking was best known as an accomplished musician. He published several pieces of Church music. He was Vicar of Rodbourne Cheney, Wilts, 1862 — 73 ; Rector of 70 Wittshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, Easton Grey, Wilts, 1873—82, and Rector of Congham, Norfolk, from 1882 until his death. Algernon Percy Banks St. Manr, fourteenth Duke of Somerset, born 1813, died October 2nd, 1894. Short notices appeared in The Standard, October 4th ; Devizes Gazette, October 4th ; and Pall Mall Gazette. The latter states that " He and the late Duke of Beaufort were the finest amateur whips of the day." He was the author of the chapter on " Old Coaching Days " in the Badminton volume on " Driving." The Illustrated London News, October 13th, 1894, had also a portrait and short notice. Sir John Astley died October 10th, 1894. Short notices in the Devizes Gazette and Wilts County Mirror. Portrait in Illustrated London News,. October 13th, 1894. He was born at Eome in 1828, educated at Eton and Christchurch, went through the Crimean War in the Scots Fusilier Guards, Lt.-Col. 1859. Married Eleanor Blanche Corbet. M.P. for North Lincolnshire, 1876 — 80. An owner of racehorses and well known in all sporting and athletic circles. In 1894 he published an autobiography entitled " -Fifty Years of My Lifer Buried at Elsham, Lincolnshire. James Hawlence, of Bulb ridge House, died September 15th, 1894, aged 84. Obituary notices of him appeared in the Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, October, The Wiltshire County Mirror, September 21st, Devizes Gazette, and other papers. Born at Fordingbridge April 21st, 1810, living successively at Heale Farm, near Salisbury (1838) and at Bulbridge, near Wilton (1855), he was very widely known as a land agent, a leading agriculturist, and great breeder of Hampshire Down sheep, and was respected as widely as he was known. Susan Esther Wordsworth, born March 16th, 1842, died June 23rd, 1894, at the Palace, Salisbury. Buried at Britford, It may safely be said that no woman now living is so well known and so widely beloved throughout the counties of Dorset and Wilts as was Mrs. Wordsworth. Taking from the first the greatest interest in all diocesan work — more especially in work which affected the welfare of women — and travelling everywhere with her husband, the Bishop, through the length and breadth of the two counties, she did in Wiltshire as she had already done in Oxford, winning the affectionate esteem of all who came in contact with her. Truth spoke of her as " the best bishop's wife since Mrs. Tait," and when the end came she was mourned not less sincerely by rich, and poor alike in the Diocese of Salisbury than she was by those who had been privileged to know her in the old Oxford days at Brasenose. The World, The Daily Telegraph, The Salisbury Journal, The Wilts County Mirror of June 29th, The Devizes Gazette of June 28th, The Guardian of July 4th, and many other papers contained obituary notices. William Sainsbury, M,D., of Corsham. A long biographical notice ap- peared in the Devizes Gazette of June 14th, 21st and 28th, 1894. Obituary notices also appeared of James Waylen, in the Devizes Gazette, January 25th, 1894 ; Mr. Benett Stanford, of Pyt House, in The Morning Leader ; and of Mary, Dowager Yiscountess Sidmouth, in the Devizes Gazette, January 25th, 1894. 71 §M>itions to fftecnm m\b yifttarg. The Museum. Presented by Mr. Cunnington, F.G.S., about one hundred specimens of Wiltshire fossils, including : — iSlab of Forest Marble, showing ripple marks and footprints of Crustaceans, &c, from near Charlton Park. Large Ventriculites radiatus, Oldbury Hill. Phyniaplectia scitula, Chalk Flint, Oare. Two specimens. Phyniaplectia irregularis, Chalk Flint, Oare. Ventriculites decurrens, Chalk, Oldbury Hill. Fossil Wood, Lower Green Sand, bridge foundations, Cane Hill. Callopegma, Chalk Flint, Oldbury, and from Oare. Heterostinia obliqua, Chalk Flint, Oare. Thamnastraaa concinna, Cor., Westbrook. Holodietyon capitatum, Upper Green Sand, Warminster (two individuals) . Holodietyon capitatum, with six individuals. Jerea, species, Upper Green Sand, dug up in Market Place, Devkes. Phopalospongia gregaria var., Upper Green Sand, Warminster. Nematinion calyculum, Upper Green Sand, Warminster. Teredo in Fossil Wood, Flint, North Wilts. Pecten annularis, Cornbrash, Stanton St. Quintin. Corynella lycoperdioides, Bradford Clay, Bradford-on-Avon. Lingula, Kimmeridge Clay, Foxhangers, Devizes. Lingula, Oxford Clay, Christian Malford. Ventriculites impressus, Lower Chalk, Heytesbury. 72 Additions to Museum, and Library. Phorosphoora, varieties, Wilts and Kent. Verticellipora cretacea, Chalk Flint, Oldbury Hill. Purchased — Wilts Token : — No. in Williamson. 239 No. in Boyne. r Number of Value Specimens >ame' the Society's Museum. HENERY . HE STALL = Two pipes crossed. IN . SWINDON . 1668 = Three sugar loaves. and second examples of Sarum, George Page, 1657 ; and William Yiner. Presented by Mr. Porter : — Trowbridge Token, Grorham. Presented by Mr. W. Eowden : — Cavalry Hat of the original Wilts Yeomanry. Presented by Mr. Gr. Cartwright: — Sarsen Knbber fonnd with human bones under a large sarsen stone at Down Barn, Pickle Dean Bottom, Overton. Also Hammer-stone of Oolite, and Sarsen Rubber, from Overton. Presented by Mr. W. Stratton : — Eomano-British Bronze Fibula, Bronze Wire Bangle, Implement made of the Horn of the Roe Deer, and portion of Bracelet of carved Kimmeridge Shale, from Cold Kitchen Hill. Presented by Mrs. Sloper: — Parish Constable's Staff of Bishops Cannings and ditto of Bedborough Hundred. The Library. Bequeathed by the late Mr. J. Waylen : — Canon Jackson on Amye Robsart, f rom Nineteen t h Century. Memoir of Rev. Samuel Webley, of Trowbridge. Letter of Bishop Henchman re preaching of Stanley, &c. W. Houlbrook, of Marlborough, the Loyal Blacksmith and no Jesuite. Presented by The Author (Lord Arundell, of Wardour) : — Two Englishmen who served with distinction in the cause of Christendom — Sir Ed. Wydville and Sir Thomas Arundell. Presented by Mr. T. H. Bakeb :— Select Works of Bishop Douglas with Bio- graphical Memoir, 1820. Tracts of Thomas Hobbes, vol. i., 1681. Additions to Museum and Library. 73 Presented by Mr. W. H. Bell : — Stonehenge and its probable Age and Uses, by W. A.'judd. Presented by the Rev. W. P. S. Bingham : — The Works of Bishop Jewell, Parkei Society, 1845—50. The Church Historians of England (including Richard of Devizes), translated by the Rev. J. Stevenson. 8vo. Lond. 1S58. Presented by Thb Authoe (Mr. J. W. Brooke) : — Early Man in Marlborough. 1894. Presented by Mrs. H. Cunnington : — Old Licenses. Reminiscences of T. Assheton Smith. Joseph : a Poem by Rev. C.Lucas. 1810. Newmania (Rev. C. Lucas). Presented by The Author (the Rev. J. J. Daniell) : — History of Warminster. Bath Church Rambler, two vols. The Life of George Herbert, S.P.C.K., 1893. History of Chippenham, 1894. Presented by Mr. G. E. Daetnell : — Salisbury, from Cassells' Cathedrals, Abbeys, and Churches. Cuttings from South Wilts newspapers. Presented by The Authoe (Mr. A. C. Fryer) : — Llantwit Major : a Fifth Century University, 1893. Presented by the Rev. E. H. Goddaed : — Report on Experiments with Potatoes and Onions in Warminster and District, 1893. In Memoriam Notice S. E. Wordsworth. The Fight at Dame Europa's School. Presented by The Authoe (Lt.-Col. H. Graham) : — Annals of the Yeomanry Cavalry of Wiltshire, vol. ii, 1884—93. Presented by The Authoe (Mr. R. Inwards) : — Some Phenomena of the Upper Air. 1894. Presented by the Rev. W. J. Luckman :— Waylen's History of Marlborough. The Bath Church Rambler, vol. i. Presented by Mr. H. H. Ludlow Beuges :— Memoirs of Lt.-Gen. Edmund Ludlow, Ed. C. H. Firth, two vols., 1894. Presented by The Authoe (Mr. N. Story Maskelyne, F.R.S.) :— The Catalogue of the Marlborough Gems, 4to, 1870. The following Pamphlets : — Mineral Constituents of Meteorites — Petrology of the Island of Rodriquez — Diaman- tiferous Rock of South Africa — Notices of Aerolites — Notes on Connelite and Columbite — Chemical Composition of Canauba Wax — The Collections at the British Museum— Diamonds — Meteoric Stones — Insight obtained into Nature of Crystal Molecule by Light— New Cornish Minerals — Systematic Distribution of Physical Characters in Crystals — Notes on Lectures at the Chemical Society — Optical Characters of Ludlamite. Presented by Mr. H. E. Medlicott : — Jones, Fasti EcclesiaB Sarisburiensis and Statutes. W. Chitty, Historical Account of the Long Family. Gillman's Devizes Registers, 1869, 70, 72, 76, 83. Hare's Memorials of a Quiet Life. Biographies of Romney and Sir Thomas Lawrence, by Lord Ronald Gower. N. Wilts Church Magazine, 1874—93. Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, 1888—93. Rules of the Bear Club, 1869. Account of Funds for Estcourt Memorial, Devizes. Salisbury Cathedral Restoration, List of Subscribers, 1877. An- tiquities of Marlborough College, second ed. Marlborough College Prolusiones, 1876. Reports of the Wilts Friendly Society, County Treasurer, Wiltshire Society, Wilts Asylum, &c. Wilts Constabulary Standing Orders, &c. 74 Additions to Museum and Library. Presented by Mr. A. C. Pass : — Expenses of Printing Hoare's Modern Wilts. MS. Fol. Bound. Presented by The Author (Gen. Pitt-Rivers) : — Short Guide to the Larmer Grounds, Rushmore, King John's House, and the Museum at Farnham. Presented by Mr. A. Schomberg- : — Concise History of Wells Cathedral. J. Davis. 1809. Waylen's House of Cromwell and Story of Dunkirk. Presented by The Someeset Archaeological Society : — Guide to the Museum at Taunton, 1893. Presented by the Rev. G. P. Toppin : — Glory : a Wiltshire Story by Mrs.Linnfeus Banks. Newspaper Cuttings. Presented by Mr. E. Doran Webb : — Salisbury Field Club Reports, vol. i. Presented by Mr. F. M. Willis :— Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow. Fol. 3rd ed. 1751. Acquired by purchase or exchange : — The Works of Bishop Sherlock and Account of His Life, by T. S. Hughes, five vols., 1830. Bowles, Scenes and Shadows of Days Departed, 1837. Crabbe's Tales of the Hall, three vols. Sir T. Phillipps, Wilts Freeholders' Book, &c. Tour through South of England, Wales, and Part of Ireland, 1791. Rev. F. Fox, of Potterne, New Testament with Notes, two vols., 1722. Capt. Rowland Money, of Whetham, Wheat and Tares, 1820. Dr. Bull's Academy, and The Radical Member, by Author of Dame Europa's School. The History of Marlborough College, 1893. Seventy Wiltshire Acts of Parliament. Diaries of Sir Daniel Gooch, 1892. Lists of Devizes Burgesses. Pal aeon tographical Society, vol. for 1863. Eleven papers from Longman's Magazine, by R. Jefferies, 1883—92. Armfield, Guide to the Statues and West Front of Salisbury Cathedral. The New Schools and School-men, Poem. Short Account of Salisbury Cathedral. J. Hanson, Ministry of Women. W. Doel, Twenty Golden Candlesticks, History of Nonconformity in Western Wiltshire. Funeral Sermon on J. Sergeant, 1878. Bowles, a Few Words on Cathedral Clergy. Hymns used at Parish Church, Farleigh Castle. Funeral Sermon on Rev. R. Elliot, 1853. Wiltshire Meeting on Roman Catholic Claims, Devizes, 1813. History of Old Congregational Church at Westbury, 1875. The Dove, or Passages of Cosmography, by R. Zouche, 1839. Autobiography of Sir Benjamin Brodie, 1865. J. C. Salmon, of High worth, Leisure Hours with good Authors, and Musings on the Book of Nature. Memoirs of Lord Bolingbroke, by G. W. Cooke, two vols., 1835, Life of the First Earl of Shaftesbury, by Marty n & Kippis, ed, by G. W. Cooke, two vols., 1836. Brown's Illustrated Guide to Salisbury Cathedral, 1877. The Illustrated Handbook to Salisbury Cathedral. Life and Corres- pondence of the First Lord Sidmouth, by G. Pellew, three vols., 1847. Rev. B. Thomas, of Malmesbury, Sermons, two vols., 1783. Life and Labours of Dr. Adam Clarke. Vol. of Wilts Sermons, by Dean Pearson, F. W. Fowle, G. P. Lowther, M. W. Mayow, C. Lipscomb, H. Deane, and Canon Jackson. Wiltshire, from England and Wales Illustrated, 1764. Wiltshire Notes and Queries, Parts i. — vii. HURRY & PEARSON, Printers and Publishers, Devizes. QUERIES AND REQUESTS. Wilts Bibliography. With a view to collecting- materials for the Bibliography of the County, Members of the Society and others interested in the subject are requested to send notices of (1) any boohs or pamphlets bearing on Wiltshire in any way, (2) booh or pamphlets of any kind written by Wiltshiremen, which may come under their notice, to Mr. C. W. Holgate, Palace, Salisbury ; or the Rev. E. H. Goddard, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett. In the case of scarce books or pamphlets the title page should be accurately transcribed in full, and the size of the book and number of pages given. Cuttings from Booksellers' Catalogues are also desired. Wilts Dialect. Mr. G. E. Dartnell, Abbottsjield, Salisbury, and the Rev. E. H. Goddard, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett, would be greatly obliged if Members interested in the dialect of the county would send them notes of any Wiltshire words not already noted in " Contributions tozoards a Wiltshire Glossary," in Nos. 76, 77, and 80 of the Magazine. Notes on Local Archeology and Natural History. The Editor of the Magazine asks Members in all parts of the county to send him short concise notes of anything of interest, in the way of either Archaeology or Natural History, connected with Wiltshire, for insertion in the Magazine. Churchyard Inscriptions. The Rev. E. H. Goddard would be glad to hear from anyone who is willing to take the trouble of copying the whole of the in- scriptions on the tombstones in any churchyard, with a view to helping in the gradual collection of the tombstone inscriptions of the county. Up to the present, about 35 churches and churchyards have been completed or promised. The English Dialect Dictionary. — Help needed. Professor Joseph Wright, of Oxford, appeals for help from those interested in philological studies, in reading and " slipping " Glossaries and books containing dialect words, in order that the work may be sufficiently advanced to enable him to begin the task of editing the enormous mass of material — weighing about one ton — which has been accumulating for the last twenty years. The Dictionary is to cover entirely different ground from that of Murray's " New English Dictionary," being confined strictly to non-literary English. Anyone willing to help may obtain full information from Professor J. Wkight, 6, Norham Road, Oxford ; or G. E. Dartnell, Esq., Abbottsjield, Stratford Road, Salisbury. WILTSHIRE WORDS, a Glossary of Words used in the County of Wiltshire, by G. E. Dartnell and the Rev. E. H. Goddard. 8vo, 1893. Pp. xix. and 235. Price, 15s. net. A re-publication by the English Dialect Society of the three papers of " Contributions towards a Wiltshire Glossary which have appeared in the Wilts Arch. Mag., in connected form, with many additions and corrections, prefaced by a short, grammatical introduction, and containing twelve pages o[ specimens of u :" 1 : - ' " " " 1 • ' — — Wiltshire Books wanted for the Library. The response to the appeal issued on the cover of the last Magazine has been so encouraging1 — no less than sixteen out of the forty-five books asked for having been presented already — that this second list of " Books wanted " is printed in the hope that it may meet with equal good fortune. Sir T. Philipps. Wiltshire Pipe Rolls. N. Wilts Musters. Rotulus Hildebrandi de London and Johis de Harnham, &c. Hoare. Registrum Wiltunense. Chronicon Vilodunense, fob Hoare Family. Early History and G nealogy, &c, 1883. Norris, Rev. J., of Bemerton. Works. Beckford. Recollections of, 1893. Memoirs of, 1859. Beck ford's Thoughts on Hunting, 1781. Beckford Family. Reminiscences, 1887. Lawrence, Sir T. Cabinet of Gems. „ „ Life and Correspondence, by Williams. Sporting Incidents in the Life of another Tom Smith, M.F.H., 1867. Marlbc rough College Register. Lord Clarendon. History of the Rebellion, Reign of Charles II., Clarendon Gallery Characters, Clarendon and Whitelocke compared, the Clarendon Family vindicated, &c. Cassan's Lives of the Bishops of Salisbury. Life of Thomas Boulter, of Poulshot, Highwayman. Broad Chalke Registers. Moore, 1881. Akerman's Archaeological Index. J. Britton. Bowood and its Literary Associations. Hobbes (T.). Leviathan. Harris. Hermes. Oliver (Dr. G.). Collections illustrating a History of Catholic Religion in Cornwall, Wilts, &c. Bishop Burnet. History of His Own Time. „ „ History of the Reformation. ,, „ Passages in Life of John, Earl of Rochester. Warton (Rev. J., of Salisbury). Poems, 1794. Woollen Trade of Wilts, Gloucester and Somerset, 1803. Wiltshire Worthies, Notes, Biographical and Topographical, by J. Strat- ford, 1882. Riot in the County of Wilts, 1739. Price. Series of Observations on the Cathedral Church of Salisbury. Addison (Joseph). Life and Works. Life of John Tobin, by Miss Benger. Gillman's Devizes Register, 1859—69. R. Jefferies. Any of his Works. Besant's Eulogy of R. Jefferies. Petrie's Stonehenge. Description of the Wilton House Diptych. Arundel Society. Crabbe. Life. Poetical Works. Moore. Poetical Works. Memoirs. Mrs. Marshall. Under Salisbury Spire. Maskell's Monumenta Ritualia. Sarum Use. Armfield. Legend of Christian Art. Salisbury Cathedral. 1869. Walton's Lives. Hooker. Herbert. Any Books, Pamphlets, &c, written by Natives of Wiltshire on any subject will also be acceptable. No. LXXXIII. JUNE, 1895. Vol. XXVIII. THE WILTSHIRE SMjitologiral anil Hotarnl Instatj MAGAZINE, PuMutfjett nntrcr fyz mirtttian OF THE SOCIETY FORMED IN THAT COUNTY, A.I). 1853. EDITED BY REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett. DEVIZES : Printed and sold for the Society by Hurry & Pearson, St. John Stkeet. Price , 5s. 6d. ; Members, Gratis. NOTICE TO MEMBERS. TAKE NOTICE, that a copious Index for the preceding eight Volumes of the Magazine will be found at the end of Vols, viii., xvi., and xxiv. Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society for the current year, are requested to remit the same forthwith to the Financial Secretary, Mr David Owen, 31, Long Street, Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply of Magazines should be addressed. The Numbers of this Magazine will be delivered gratis, as issued, to Members who are not in arrear of their Annual Subscrip- tions, but in accordance with Byelaw No. 8 " The Financial Secretary shall give notice to Members in arrear, and the Society's publications will not be forwarded to Members whose subscriptions shall remain unpaid after such notice." All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre- taries : H. E. Medlicott, Esq., Sandfield, Potterne, Devizes ; and the Rev. E. H. Goddard, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett. A resolution has been passed by the Committee of the Society, " that it is highly desirable that every encouragement should be given towards obtaining second copies of Wiltshire Parish Registers " THE SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS. To Be Obtained of Mr. D. Owen, 31, Long Street, Devizes. THE BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. One Volume, Atlas 4to, 248 pp., 17 large Maps, and 110 Woodcuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 2s. One copy offered to each Member of the Society, at £1 11 s. 6d. THE FLOWERING PLANTS OP WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo. 504 pp., with map. Extra Cloth. By the Rev. T. A. Preston, M.A. Price to the Public, 16*. ; but one copy offered to every Member of the Society at half- price. CATALOGUE OP THE SOCIETY'S LIBRARY AT THE MUSEUM, Price 3s. 6d. To Members 2s. 6d. CATALOGUE OP WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS IN THE SOCIETY'S COLLECTION. Price 6d. BACK NUMBERS OF THE MAGAZINE. Price 5*. 6d. (except in the case of a few Numbers, the price of which is raised.) A reduction, however, is made to Members taking several copies. WILTSHIRE— THE TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS OF JOHN AUBREY, F.R.S., A.D. 1659-70. Corrected and Enlarged by the Rev. Canon J. E. Jackson, M.A., P.S.A. In 4to, Cloth, pp. 491, with 46 Plates. Price £2 10*. INDEX OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL PAPERS. The alphabetical Index of Papers published in 1891, 1892, and 1893, by the various Archaeological and Antiquarian Societies throughout England, compiled under the direction of the Congress of Archaeological Societies. Price 3a?. each. THE BIRDS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo., 613 pp., Extra Cloth. By the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. Price reduced to 10*. 6d. THE WILTSHIRE Itrjueolngiral niiil Uuftttiil Bistort) MAGAZINE. \o LXXXIII. JUNE, 1895. Vol. XXVIII. COtttCtttg* PAGE Account of the Forty-First General Meeting, at Marlborough 75 Notes on Upper Upham Manor- House : by Harold Brakspear, A.R.I.B.A 84 Notes on a Roman Cross-Bow, &c., found at Southgrove Farm, Burbage : by the Rev. E. H. Goddard 87 The Geology of the Railway Line from Chiseleon to Col- lingbourne : by F. J. Bennett, F.G.S., H.M. Geological Survey ... 91 Notes on Objects from a Saxon Interment at Basset Down: by the Rev. E. H. Goddard 104 The Belfry formerly standing in the Close, Salisbury, and its Bells : by John Harding 108 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough : by C. E. Pouting, F.S.A , 120 The Gravestone of Ilbert de Chaz : by C. H. Talbot , 146 Lists of Non-Parochial Registers and Records : Copied and Communicated by Mr. A. Coleman 149 Notes on Aldbourne Church : by E. Doran Webb, F.S.A 156 Richard Jefferies — Bibliographical Addenda: by George E. Dartnell (Continued) 160 Notes, Arch^ological and Historical 167 Notes on Natural History 175 Personal Notices of Wiltshiremen 180 Notes on Wiltshire Books, &c , 184 Magazine Articles, &c 189 Other Books and Articles by Wiltshiremen , 195 The Sale of Canon Jackson's Library 197 Additions to Museum 198 ILLUSTRATIONS. Upper Upham Manor House 84 Articles (figs. 1 — 4) from Romano-British Interment at Romano-British Cross-bow Catch of Bone, from South- grove Farm ; Steel example of ditto from 16th Century Cross-bow; and Roman Stamp from Broad Hinton... 89 Diagram and Sketch Map of the Geology of the Railway Cutting from Chiseldon to Collingbourne 92 Iron objects (figs. 1 — 5) from Saxon Interment at Basset Down 105 Objects (figs. 6 — 18) found in Saxon Interments at Basset Down 106 Saxon Saucer-shaped Fibulae (figs. 19 and 20), found at Basset Down 107 Ground Plan, East Elevation and Sections of Chapel at Chisbury 126 Plan and Elevation of Windows, Details of East Window, &c, at Chisbury Chapel 126 DEYIZES : — Hurry & Pearson, 4, St. John Street. THE WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE. "multobum manibtts geande levatub onus." — Ovid. JUNK, 1895. THE FORTY-FIRST GENERAL MEETING OF THE JBHtltsJjtre Srcfjafologtral an* Natural fitetorg Soctetg, HELD AT MARLBOROUGH, July im, 201A, and 21st, 1894. Sir Henry Bruce Metjx, Bart., President of the Society. Mr. W. S. Bambridge, Mayor of Marlborough, in the Chair.1 THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, at which some forty-four Members were present, was held at 3 o'clock on July 19th, in the Town Hall, where the Members of the Society were received by the Mayor and Members of the Corporation of the Borough in their official robes, accompanied by the two maces, than which there are few better examples of the Commonwealth period in England. The Mayor (Mr. W. S. Bambridge) welcomed the Society to Marlborough, and took the chair, in the absence of the President, who was unavoidably prevented from attending, but sent a handsome contribution towards the expenses of the Meeting. Mr. Medlicott thanked the Mayor and Members of the Local Committee for the cordial reception they had prepared for the Society, and proceeded to read the Annual Report (printed in the last number of the 1 The Editor desires to acknowledge the assistance he has derived from the pages of the Marlborough Times and the Swindon Advertiser in the pre- paration of this report. VOL. XXVIII. NO. LXXXI1I. G 76 The Forty-first General Meeting. Magazine), the adoption of which was proposed by the Rev. H. R. Whytehead, who praised the recent numbers of the Magazine, and seconded by the Rev. Gk S. Master, who, speaking as a Member both of the Somersetshire and the Gloucestershire Societies, as well as of our own, corrected any feelings of undesirable self-satisfaction which the previous speaker's remarks may have tended to foster by reminding Members that the journals of the two neighbouring Societies had reached a high standard too, and would — as he put it — -" run the Wiltshire Magazine very hard " if every effort was not made to keep up its quality. The re-election of the Officers of the Society, with the addition of Mr. N. Story Maskelyne, F.R.S., as a Vice-President, and of Mr. H. Brakspear as Local Secretary for the Oorsham district, having been moved by Mr. Talbot and seconded by the Rev. R. U. Lambert, the business of the Meeting came to an end, and Members adjourned to perambulate the town. ST. PETER'S CHURCH was first visited— where The Rector (the Rev. H. R. Whytehead) gave a concise account of the archi- tecture of the building and of the alterations which had taken place under "restoration" years ago. He mentioned that the Church was one of those which was said to have a pigeon loft over the chancel — and doubtless pigeons had lived there, but there was no appearance whatever of the space over the chancel vaulting having ever been intended for such a purpose. At the College Grates the Members were received by The Bursar (the Rev. J. S. Thomas), who acted as guide over the buildings of THE COLLEGE. The Quadrangle ; LORD HERTFORD'S HOUSE, which still retains the evidence of its intermediate existence as the Angel Inn in the carefully preserved " bar " ; the ADDERLEY LIBRARY, housed in one of its rooms ; and the singularly magnificent CHAPEL, where a short organ recital was given by Mr. Bambridge ; and the beautiful old garden ; were visited in turn. And then the more active members of the party climbed the " MOUND,'' which Mr. Brooke afterwards claimed as a rival of Silbury Hill in age and character. To those, however, who know the numerous " burhs " of Saxon origin, and those used as the base of the early Norman The Annual Dinner. 77 keeps in other parts of England, it seems from its position — near the river, and within the hounds of the Castle — to he far more likely to he one of these well-known military mounds than anything of still earlier date. At present it fulfils the unromantic hut useful purpose of a water-tower for the College. At 5 o'clock the party assembled for tea in the Master's garden, where they were most hospitably entertained hy The Master and Mrs. Bell ; and after- wards, under the guidance of Mr. Meyrick, President of the College Natural History Society, proceeded to inspect the very admirahle MUSEUM. The excellent arrangement and lahelling of the specimens is a pattern to similar institutions, and Marlborough may well feel proud of the fact not only that she led the way among the great schools of England in the formation of a Natural History Society among her scholars, but that that society has continued ever since its foundation to do such excellent work under the successive leader- ship of many able naturalists amongst the masters. The collections themselves are of much value and interest, not the least remarkable objects being the really marvellous models of sea anemones and medusae in glass, made by a glass worker in Dresden, who has since been appropriated by the naturalists of the United States. At 7 o'clock thirty-nine Members attended the ANNUAL DINNER at the Ailesbuiy Arms Hotel, and then adjourned to the Town Hall for the Evening Conversazione, at which some seventy-four were present. The proceedings began by a very interesting address by Mr. E. Doran Webb, F.S.A., on the " History of the Hundred and Church of Eamsbury " ; which, after the interval devoted to music, under the direction of The Mayor, was followed by Mr. J. W. Brooke's paper on " Early Man in Marlborough." Mr. Brooke had, at the cost of great personal labour, arranged round the Town Hall the most notable objects from his collections of antiquities — thus forming a museum certainly more extensive and interesting than any got together for very many years past at any Meeting of the Society, if indeed there has been any collection ex- hibited like it since the Society's foundation. The chief features of the collection were the flint implements and the coins, the former collected — with the exception of a fine case of Palaeolithic specimens g 2 78 The Forty-first General Meeting. from the Salisbury gravels — almost entirely from the neighbourhood of Marlborough ; whilst the most intereresting of the coins were the extensive Roman series from the site of Cnnetio — a site which has also yielded to Mr. Brooke a very interesting series of fibulse and other small bronze objects. In the case of both coins and flints only a small portion of Mr. Brooke's collection could be exhibited, as his specimens run into many thousands in each case. His col- lection of flint implements — with very few exceptions picked up on the surface of arable land around Marlborough — is a striking ex- ample of the treasures which are spread over all the chalk districts of North "Wilts, and are still waiting for the collector who will take the trouble, as Mr. Brooke has done, to teach the labourers, the ploughboys, the flint- diggers, and others employed on the land, to know a flint implement when they see it. This knowledge is not difficult to impart, really, although it may seem to be so, and the result, as Mr. Brooke's collection — amassed as it has been in a very few years — shows, is often beyond anything that could have been expected. Mr. Brooke's paper, which was reported at length in the local papers, and has been printed in pamphlet form, dealt with the conditions of life in Palaeolithic and Neolithic times, touching on the pin-pose and ages of Silbury, Avebury, and other similar erections. The conclusions at which he arrived, however, that Silbury and Marlborough mounds were erected as objects of worship, and that it was partly the presence of sarsen stones which caused the early settlers to congregate in North Wilts, scarcely commend themselves to those who are not disciples of the Phallic theory. FRIDAY, JULY 20th. At 9.15 a large party left the Town Hall in breaks for a long day's excursion, the first stoppage being at MILDENHALL CHURCH, where Mr. Ponting pointed out the architectural features and history of the Church, which is fitted up throughout with elaborate oak pews, gallery, altar-piece, and pulpit of the beginning of this century. They are so good of their kind that in any " restoration " of the Edmrmn on Friday, January 20th. 79 Church it may be hoped that tliey may be interfered with as little as the necessities of provision for decent and reverent worship permit. The next stoppage was at AXFORD CHAPEL, now a farm-house, where Mr. Doran Webb gave a short account of the history of the place, and pointed out the remaining architectural features of the building. Thence a charming drive alongside the stream, with a beautiful view of Ramsbury Manor over the water, brought the Members to RAMSBURY CHURCH, lately restored at great cost. Here again Mi*. Doran Webb, being on his own ground, as the Historian of the Hundred of Eamsbury, acted as guide. Opinions may differ as to whether the ornamentation of the new work in the roofs of the aisles, &c, has not been somewhat overdone, but those who remember the squalid condition into which the Church had fallen will acknowledge that the recent works have transformed it into a building of quite unexpected dignity and beauty. It is a subject for thankfulness, too, that, in the battle which raged over the roof of the nave, the party which favoured a " restoration " of a high-pitched roof were defeated; and the old late Perpendicular roof — a good specimen of its kind and date — was retained. The interest here, however, centred chiefly in the remarkable series of pre-Norman sculptured stones which were discovered during the progress of the works, and which have now -been placed on a raised platform at the west end of the north aisle of the Church. It is a pity that the cross-shaft was not erected somewhat further from the wall, as its back cannot be seen with any comfort as it now stands. The stone in the middle of it, too — even if it ever belonged to the same cross at all — is manifestly placed now on its side, instead of upright as it must have originally stood. (The whole of these stones have been already described and illustrated in vol. xxviii., p. 50, of the Magazine.) Mr. Doran Webb mentioned that a part of the cross, probably the head, still lies imbedded in the foundations of the thirteenth century chancel arch. It was difficult to get out, and was left there, and when attention was drawn to the fact the work had proceeded too far for anything to be done to recover it. After a thorough inspection of the Church, and a stroll in a most 80 The Forty-first General Meeting. delightful old garden opposite the vicarage, the breaks took the party on to CHILTON, where the Church was visited, Mr. Doran Webb calling attention specially to the charming little J acohean screen, and mentioning a statement he had heard to the effect that there were formerly three pre-Eeformation chalices here which had been melted up to form part of the present modern set of communion vessels. It cannot be said, however, that the evidence of this atrocity having been committed appeared at all conclusive. The next item on the programme was luncheon in the schoolroom,, to which fifty Members sat down. Then some of the party walked across the meadows and others drove to LITTLECOTE HOUSE. This was really the chief attraction of the Meeting. It is a place' known to everyone by name, whilst comparatively few have had an opportunity of visiting it. Here again the Society was fortunate in having Mr. Doran Webb as its cicerone, for probably no one else knows as much of the place and its owners as he does, and his method of imparting his knowledge to his hearers was both profitable and pleasant. Inter alia he declared that he had not the slightest belief in the traditional story of Wild Darrell and Judge Popham, attributing the whole accusation to the malevolence of the first Earl of Pembroke, who was by no means scrupulous as to the weapons he used when anything was to be got by their use. The fine hall, with its old oak shuffle-board table in the centre; its armour and its buff coats — the latter said to be the most complete set in existence — which saw service on the Parliamentary side in the Civil War ; its thumbstocks, and Judge Popham's chair — to mention only a few of the objects of interest — was first inspected, and here Mr. Doran Webb gave the party a short account of the history of the place and its possessors. By kind permission of the owner — Mr. Popham — and the present occupier — Mr. Baring — the rest of the house was then seen — the long gallery — the curious chapel — the dining room, with its Grainsboroughs and Romneys — the bedroom of the Darrell legend — and the singular little room with its walls covered with the quaintest of Dutch paintings, the exact purport of which it is not easy to make out. Among many other objects of interest the needlework Excursion on Saturday, July 21st. 81 copy of the fine Eoman pavement fonnd in 1710 was specially noted. Having seen the interior, the picturesque exterior of the house was then inspected ; after which the party re-entered the carriages and drove to ALDBOURNE. Here the first thing to be seen was an interesting collection of local objects, flints, Roman remains of various kinds, coins, &c, &c, which had been arranged at the Crown Inn, by Messrs. Chandler, Barnes, and W. Lawrence with much trouble and care for the occasion. The Church, described by Mr. Doran Webb, is full of interest, and the party spent some time in it, finding, when they had finished, an excellent tea awaiting them at the Crown Inn, which was much appreciated. From this point a few Members went off on an expedition to the singularly inaccessible but very interesting house at UPPER UPHAM, walking and driving thence over the downs, just then covered with lovely flowers, back to Marlborough. The main body, however, pursued a more prosaic course to the Church of OGBOURNE ST. ANDREW, which was described and commented on by Mr. Ponting. At the Evening Meeting — at which some forty-five Members were present — a paper was read by Mr. F. J. Bennett, F.Gr.S., on the Geology of the Eailway Cuttings on the Swindon and Marl- borough Line ; and in a few words the Rev. E. H. Goddard made a statement as to what had been done at Avebury during the recent excavations, made in the vallum by Sir Henry Meux. Unfortunately Sir Flenry himself was still detained abroad, and The Mayor again took his place as President of the Meeting. The Meeting concluded with the expression by Mr. Medlicott of the thanks of the Society to the Local Committee, and more especially to the Mayor and Mr. Brooke, for the great trouble they had taken in every way to make it a success. SATURDAY, JULY 21st. Starting again at 9.15, in numbers considerably reduced from those of yesterday — for Saturday is an inconvenient day for many — the party drove through the Forest by the London Road, stopping 82 The Forty-first General Meeting. first opposite the now farm-house of KNOWLE, which stands on an eminence to the right of the road, to inspect the little CHAPEL of late thirteenth century date, the shell of which still remains in a fairly perfect state, though it is unmarked on the Ordnance Map and almost unknown. It is now used as a fowl-house, and the hens strongly disapproved of the visit of the Society. Proceeding on to FROX FIELD, the CHURCH was first inspected, under Mr. Ponting's guidance. This had recently undergone restoration at the hands of Mr. Christian, and, with the exception of one or two small points, the work seems to have been conducted with a due regard to the ancient features of the fabric. The Vicar here exhibited the singularly beautiful communion cup of German work of the early seventeenth century, which stands alone of its kind in the County of Wilts. The picturesque quadrangle of the SOMERSET HOSPITAL, almshouses founded by Sarah, Duchess of Somerset, in 1 694, for twenty clergy widows and thirty lay widows ■ — spoiled as it is by the hideous chapel of 1812 in its centre — was next visited. The Somerset hospital at present is a notable instance of the way in which the income of charities is affected by the agricultural depression — for more than half the houses cannot be filled up for want of funds. LITTLE BEDWYN CHURCH, with its fine Norman capitals and other features grievously tooled up in the process of " restoration," many years ago, was next visited, Mr. Ponting reading notes on the architectural features, and then the hill, the top of which is fortified by the earthworks of CH IS BURY, was climbed, and the desecrated CHAPEL, built apparently on the vallum of the camp, was inspected. Although this building has apparently been used as a barn ever since the Reformation (it might, perhaps, be more exact to say became it has been so used), it retains its architectural features of late thirteenth century date for the most part complete. The details are singularly good, and the whole building a very interesting one. After seeing the chapel the party walked round as much of the circuit of the EARTHWORKS as the modern fortifi- cations of barbed wire would admit of, and proceeded down the hill to Great Bedwyn by the road which seems actually at this point to Excursion on Saturday, July 21st. 83 run in the ditch of the WANS DYKE, the rampart of which is very conspicuous where the road turns at the bottom of the hill. At GREAT BEDWYN lunch was ready in the school, and after that had been disposed of the stately CHURCH — unfortunately a good deal over-restored years ago — with its Norman arcades, and monuments, was inspected, under Mr. Ponting's guidance ; and then the party started again for WULFHALL, where they arrived somewhat before the time appointed — probably an event unique in the history of the Society's excursions. Here the scanty remnant of the historical BARN", in which the wedding festivities of Henry Till, and Jane Seymour were celebrated (if, indeed the existing building is any of it of that date), was visited, and made by Mr. Dor an Webb the text on which he told many interesting stories connected with the family history of the place. " The LAUNDRY," a singularly picturesque brick building, with a telling group of chimneys of a type common enough in Elizabethan buildings in Shropshire and elsewhere, but not often seen in Wiltshire, was also visited and admired before the time arrived for tea, in the modern house, above it, to which Lord and Lady Frederick Bruce had most kindly invited the Members of the Society. So pleasantly ended the Marlborough Meeting of 1894 — a meeting which was voted most successful by all who took part in it, and which was certainly notable for the unexpected excellence of the weather — the efficiency of the guidance at the hands of Messrs. Doran Webb and Ponting — and the remarkable character of the local collections exhibited by Mr. Brooke. E. H. Gr. 84 Jtotes on H$Jam |fhnor=ponsc. By Haeold Brakspeae, A.R.I. B. A. OUT three miles north- west of Aldbourne on the top of thex downs is situated the old manor-house of the Groddards of XJpham, now for the most part degenerated into a farm-store, with the hall divided into kitchen and parlour for the use of the present occupier. "With the exception of a few alterations which will be noticed later, the building is all one date, of about the middle of the sixteenth century. It is rectangular on plan, with a central projecting porch and two square bay-windows towards the front, and is built in bands of flints and freestone with dressings of the latter. The porch has a handsome arched entrance doorway surmounted by a bracketted entablature with circular plaques in the spandrils ; upon the frieze over the keystone are the letters and date E. Gr., E.Gr., 1599. At either end of the lintel of the two-light transomed window in the gable above are the letters T.Gk, and A.Gr. ; these initials also occur in the pointed oval panel below the window. The inner door and moulded wooden frame are of the time of Queen Anne. The hall occupied the front of the house from the porch towards the right ; the oriel has been walled up, and the small window between it and the porch enlarged by the insertion of a timber- framed casement under the original sill ; the same has been done to what was the end window of the hall. The original chimney-piece remains ; it has a bold ornamental frieze above which are the arms of Queen Elizabeth in plaster work, well modelled in high relief ; the arms themselves with the sinister supporter are much mutilated, but the dexter supporter (a lion rampant crowned) is in excellent preservation. On a scroll below is the motto, honi soit qui mal Y PENSE. 85 was ban mil >me eee- •out TJpha the h occup notice of thi proje and i latter Tli by a upon E.G., wind initia The Quee Tl the i betw fram what rema of Q the 8 but prest Y P3 Kotrs on Upper Upham Manor-House* 85 The room lighted by the bay-window to the left of the porch was panelled about the time of Charles I. ; but retains the Elizabethan fireplace of good design, the cornice of which is carried by a small console bracket at each end. The Queen Anne staircase at the back of the hall is handsome and is carried up to the second floor. It is constructed in pine, which is so dark with age as to be scarcely distinguishable from oak ; and instead of being solid the newels are framed together ; all the terminals have disappeared. The large room over and of the same size as the hall, was the withdrawing room, and still retains the original chimney-piece in good preservation ; it has caryatide figures one on each side carrying an entablature with ornate frieze ; round the opening is a band of enrichment. Two other original fireplaces remain. That over the left apart- ment from the hall is in good preservation ; it has pilasters on each side supporting the entablature, the frieze of which was left in block only ; that in the room behind the withdrawing room was somewhat similar in character, but has been mostly covered up by a more recent chimney-jamb. The original roof existing over the front part of the house is tie-beamed and strutted ; the principals about 7ft. from the floor are roughly hollowed out, evidently to receive the side coves of a ceiling. As the main staircase came up to this floor probably there was a long gallery from end to end of the roof, lighted by dormer windows over the front — a not uncommon arrangement in houses of this date. The roofs are now covered with red plain-tiles, but have been altered in places, as originally the back elevation of the house was finished with three gables in place of the present hips. The bay windows in front probably were also surmounted by gables. The present chimneys are not of the sixteenth century, but seem to be of the time of Queen Anne, when so much other work was done to the house. The back elevation is pierced by two rows of untransomed three- light windows. The section of the mullions throughout both front 86 Notes on Upper TTpham Manor-Home. and back are simple and effective, being square with the angles taken off by a hollow chamfer. The original outbuilding's have entirely disappeared ; so also have the entranoe gates and piers; but a long piece of sixteenth century ornamental stonework now built into the low wall by the present gate probably formed a portion of one of the piers. Prom the initial letters over the porch it is concluded that the present house was commenced on or near the site of an earlier building (said to have been the hunting lodge of John of Graunt) by Thomas, second son of John GFoddard of TTpham, who appears to have succeeded to the Swindon and Upham estates — or part of them — at his father's death in 1545 ; the Standen Hussey and Clyffe Pypard estates going to his eldest brother, John. Thomas married for his first wife, Ann, sister of Sir Greorge Griff ord, from whom the Swindon branch of the family are descended ; and secondly, Jane> daughter of John Ernie. The initials of the first marriage appear in the two places named. The letters and date R.Gr., E.GK, 1599 are for his son, Richard Groddard and Elizabeth Walrond, his wife, who, it is supposed, completed the house. The will of his father, Thomas, was proved in 1597, so that Richard must have been in possession, two years previously to the date over the entrance. The large tomb in the south transept of Aldbourne Church' is supposed to be that of Thomas, his wife Ann, and their children. The Richard who gave the tenor bell, and who is commemorated on the brass in the south aisle — if the two refer to the same man — was not the Richard whose initials appear on the house, as Jefferies states in his " Memoir of the Groddards of North Wilts," but an ancestor of a century earlier. 87 Dotes on it !*om;m CrossJtofo, fit., founir at £«j%wfre (farm, §tir%e. By the Eev. E. H. Goddaed. ^f^jHESE interesting relics were fonnd in the summer of 1893, anc[ were exhibited at the Warminster Meeting of the Society. Mr. S. H. Grauntlett, the tenant of Southgrove Earm, writes as follows of the cirenmstances of their discovery : — " The remains were fonnd in Burbage parish, at the top of the chalk road leading from this farm on to the down, when the men were cutting away a -piece of the down to make the road wider. The skeleton was lying in the hard chalk — the face downwards and the body twisted. The head was only abont 3in. underground, but the feet were about 3ft. There was a little rising over the spot, but no stones. The teeth were all perfect and not decayed. The bones were very large, and the man must have been decidedly over 6ft. Nothing else (besides the articles here described) v/as found at the time, and no further search at the spot has been made." The relics were sent to Mr. C. H. Read, of the British Museum, who pronounced them to be Roman or Romano-British, and identi- fied the object figured as No. 5 as the catch of a cross-bow, two or three similar catches of Roman date, which have been found in London, existing in the collections of the British Museum. This makes the discovery interesting, as the cross-bow has been sometimes supposed to be purely a mediaeval weapon. Boutell, in his Arms and Armour, p. 138, says : — " For a while during the twelfth century, as the long-bow in the fourteenth, the cross-bow had the reputation of being a weapon terrible beyond all others. At that time probably it was a novelty. It does not appear at all in the Bayeux Tapestry, nor in any other monument of the eleventh century. It is remarkable, also, that when the cross-bow was first introduced it was forbidden to be employed by Christians in warfare with one another, as being too murderous a weapon ; this was at the second Council of Lateran, held in the year 1139; and it was only new inventions, or early ones revived, that were interdicted in such a manner as the cross-bow was at that time." 88 Notes on a Roman Cross-bow, 8fc, found at Burbage. Planche, Cyclopaedia of Costume, i., 10, quotes Sir S. E. Meyrick as saying : — " The cross-bow was an invention of the Roman Empire in the East, suggested by the more ancient military engines used in besieging fortresses, hence its name * arcubalist,' or 'arbalist,' compounded of Greek and Latin words. It was introduced into England at the Norman Conquest, but Richard Cceur de Lion is said first to have brought it into general fashion." Skelton's Engraved Speci- mens, vol. ii. In Domesday Book Odo ' the arbalister,' holds land in Yorkshire, and Robert, ' the cross-bowman/ in Norfolk." The various articles found in the grave, and now deposited on loan in the Society's Museum, are as follows : — 1. The iron head of a small hammer, 2fin. long, without claws. A portion of the wooden handle remains in the hole in the head. 2. Part of the handle of a dagger, or knife, of bone. The end of the iron tang of the blade still remains fixed in it. It measures lfin. in length, by Ifin. in diameter at the butt. Apparently formed by hand, and not turned. 3. A hollow tubular article of bone, which has been turned, If in. long and 1-^-in. in diameter, part of a handle — possibly of the same dagger as No. 2. 4. Strips of bone, measuring in all 16 Jin. in length by fin. in breadth. Whether these all belong to one strip or not is not clear — only one end is preserved, that at the upper end of the strip figured, which has a notch cut in it to fit something. These strips are ornamented with a border of three irregular grooved lines on either side, and in the centre a row of double concentric circles, cut apparently with a centre-bit. These circles are very carelessly struck at unequal distances and out of the straight line. Ornamen- tation of an exactly similar character is to be seen on a bone comb of Saxon date, found at Eye, in Suffolk, and figured in Akerman's Pagan Saaondom, p. 43. The strips were fastened to the substance beneath them by small iron rivets, of which two remain. Mr. Pead suggests that possibly they may have ornamented the sides of the cross-bow stock. There is also a fragment of flat bone pierced with a hole, and a plug or wedge of bone Jin. long, which had been in contact with iron. \\ i \y\\\\\\ I I KM 1(1 ifllliMMMiiil RSVttJFBO 5. -Romano-British Cross-bow Catch of Bone, from Soutbgrove Farm. (Full size.) 6.— Steel example of Ditto from 16th Century Cross-bow. (Scale, h linear.) 7.- Roman Stamp, from Broad Hinton. (Full size.) By the Rec. E. II Goddard. 89 5, Cross-bow catch of bone, figured full size. It measures 1 Jin. in Length, by lin. in breadth and lin. in height. The part dotted in the figure is restored in plaster of Paris. It is pierced by a hole for the iron spindle on which it revolved. (). The steel catch of an arbalist, or cross-bow of the sixteenth (?) Dentury,1 showing how the catch is fixed in the stock — with the groove for the bolt to lie in. It will be seen that this catch is almost precisely similar to the Roman example, except that it is of steel and of a larger size. It is here reproduced one-half the size of the original. When strung the string of the cross-bow is drawn back and catches behind the upstanding teeth, the butt-end of the arrow or bolt lying between them. The catch revolves freely on a central spindle, and, when the bow is strung, is kept from turning over by a trigger which catches a projection underneath, shown in the figure of the Roman example. As soon as this trigger is loosed the catch instantly revolves on its axis, owing to the pressure of the string ; the string is loosed and flies forward, thus propelling the bolt which lies against it. It is curious that the mechanism of the bone catch and that of steel should be so nearly identical when one considers that one thousand years or more must have elapsed between the dates of their respective manufacture. In addition to the objects figured, there were found a long and very narrow knife blade of iron 4 Jin. long in the blade, 2 Jin. in the tang, and Jin. wide — A second knife blade measuring 3Jin. in the blade and 1 Jin. the tang — a large round-headed nail, with the point clenched, 2in. long — a buckle ? — two small iron plugs ? — an iron ring ljin. in diameter outside — two or three other pieces of iron — and a curious iron object curved, 4fin. long with two iron bars projecting from it at right angles ljin. in length. This piece of iron still retains on its inner face traces of the wood to which it was fastened, and as it much resembles in shape the iron side pieces on the stocks of some of the later cross-bows figured by Meyrick, &u., it seems not unlikely that it may have occupied the same position 1 This figure is from a drawing kindly made by Mr. T. W. Leslie from an arbalist in the possession of Mr. E. C. Trepplin, F.S.A. 90 Bronze Roman Stamp in possession of N. Story Maskelyne, Esq. , in the Roman cross-how, and that the bone catch may have revolved1 on one of the transverse bars. All these iron articles are much'/ corroded. Half of a pair of plain bronze tweezers 2f in. long — a plain piece of thin bronze which has been used as a clamp for some rectangular object, possibly the cross-bow stock — and a whetstone of hard white stone about 3in. in length, complete the list of objects found. BRONZE ROMAN STAMP IN THE POSSESSION OF L N. STORY MASKELYNE, ESQ., F.R.S. The only record of the origin of this interesting object, figured! j No. 7. on the accompanying plate, is that it was found many years ago, " in a field at Broad Hinton." It is here figured full size — I 1 -|f- in. long and -j^in. wide. The inscription is given as it appears in the impression made by the stamp — on the stamp itself the 1 \ lettering is of course reversed. The letters stand up in high relief on the stamp, making a deep impression on the wax. Mr. Haver- | field, the well-known authority on Roman inscriptions, to whom j an impression was sent, writes : — " I cannot say anything definite j as to use or date. The Roman metal stamps were used to stamp i almost all impressible substances (e.g., bread in one instance at I Pompeii) ; the pottery stamps are, however, usually quite different, j . The names Servius Sulpicius suggest for a date the end of the first j . century A.D. (cf. the Emperor Galba), but this does not go for much. Abascantus — a Greek name — (i.e., a Greek freedman 11 trading here) is common." The name Abascantus occurs on the pig of lead discovered on Matlock Moor in 1894, and described in The Antiquary, May, 1894. The stamp is of bronze, and has attached to the back a portion of a ring, evidently meant to put the finger through when it was in use. It was noticed in The Antiquary for October, 1894, p. 138, but has not otherwise been published or described. A wax im- pression has been placed in the Society's Museum. E. H. GODDARD. 91 Oe 6cologn of % IJwlfosg Jiite from CImdbou to CoIUngbttrne. By F. J. Bennett, F.G.S., H.M. Geological Survey * [Read at the Marlborough Meeting of the Society, July 20th, 1894] N responding to a request for a paper on the geology round Marlborough it occurred to me that the best thing to do would be, in a measure, to supplement the admirable paper by Mr. Codrington in the Magazine, on " The Greology of the Berks and Hants Extension Railway," published in 1865. "Wlien that paper was written the line from Swindon to Andover did not of course exist. I propose now to describe the geology of the cuttings from Chiseldon to Collingbourne. These cuttings are so familiar to many of you that I hope you may be easily able to follow the diagram I have prepared to illustrate the various strata shown. In addition to a diagrammatical section of these cuttings there is attached to them a plan or map of the geology of the country to the east of the line. This has been given to show how a cutting may help in the making of a geological map, and may also help to explain a process that very often puzzles people. The cuttings, then, show in section, the geology of the country through which the line passes, and the map shows in plan, how the beds seen in the cuttings crop out and appear at the surface of the ground to the east of the cutting. Diagrams are not as clear to most persons as their makers generally suppose them to be, and so often fail of their purpose. The clearest way, of course, would be to show all this by models, At our Geological Museum in Jermyn Street, London, may be seen * With the permission of the Director General of H.M. Geological Survey. VOL. XXVIII. NO. LXXXI1I. H 92 The Geology of the Railway Line from a most instructive model of the geology round London, and it I should be visited and carefully studied by all those wishing to understand the relations between underground and surface geology. This model is on the scale of 6 inches to one mile, and is cut through along various lines of section to show the subterranean extent of the several formations. It is these railway cuttings as well as those along roads, together with wells, quarries, brickyards, banks, and ditches, and even the burrows of the humble rabbit and mole, that help the geologist to make a geological map. The diagram begins a little north of Chiseldon Station and ends at Collingbourne Station. It includes the upper cretaceous beds from the gault to the upper chalk, and shows also the Kimeridge clay. It is merely a diagram, and is not drawn to scale, and covers in a small space a very great deal of ground. The line * — * marks the level of the rails. Above that you ; I have the irregular line showing the top of the cutting ; then you have the map attached to the cutting, which the cutting has helped to make. If we look at the diagram we shall see that the beds by Chiseldon have a slope, or " dip " as it is called, to the south, and that this south dip continues till you pass Marlborough, where the direction of the dip changes and the beds are also bent up so that at Savernake they dip north, while at Graf ton they again dip south. Below the level of the line * — * the beds have been continued below the surface of the ground to show their order underground, and the effect of the uprise, forming the Pewsey Yale. The beds in our cutting fall into three classes, clays, sands, and limestones, represented by the gault, the upper greensand, and the chalk. There is a gradual passage from the gault clay to the upper greensand, the clay growing more sandy till it becomes a true sand, and again there is a passage from the greensand to the chalk, the former becoming more and more calcareous till it passes into chalk. I But in the lower part of the lower chalk are some very sandy and gritty beds, the middle chalk differs from the upper •S Oil i x o ? z o I o s H X m o o x m r~ ~v in m > z o o X m O m o 5 O o > r > g > o > o m H o m O m o r o o ■< o X m > I o O x m r o o o o o r r z o CO o c 3 m Chiseldon to Collingboume, 93 chalk, and both these divisions of the chalk have thin hard beds and seams of marl, all of which have their due significance. The distribution of the fossils in the chalk and the consequent establishment of zo)ies, or bands, in which similar assemblies of fossils occur, and of stages, have received much patient investigation at the hands of Dr. Barrois and Messrs. Jukes-Browne, Hill, and others, and the history of the chalk — once thought to be so simple — is found to be a complicated one. We will now commence our journey along the line, starting from Swindon, though this is outside the limits of our diagram. The old town of Swindon stands on high ground, a capping of Portland sand and limestone, on clay. The old houses avoided the clay and kept to the sandy beds, for water was found in the sands over the clay. This clay is the Kimeridge clay. It is a very fine clay, and this fineness and its marine fauna show that it was laid down in a fairly deep sea at some distance from a shore line. The false-bedded sands of the Portland beds show current action, nearness of land, and re-elevation after the Kimeridge depression. As we see the Kimeridge clay at Swindon Station dipping away under the Portland sand to the south, we expect it to disappear in that direction. So when we examine the next cutting, near Burderop Wood, we are not surprised to find a fresh bed there. This is a clay, best known as the gault, forming the narrow belt of lower land at the foot of the chalk and upper greensand hills. The beds in the diagram are numbered to distinguish them and shaded as well ; the gault is number 2, and the Kimeridge clay number 1. Though the Kimeridge clay is shown in the diagram as actually passing under the gault in the railway cutting, this is inferred, as we do not see it doing this, but we know it must be so. As the gault clay is not very thick — only about 70ft. — -and is dipping steadily south, it soon disappears under the upper green- sand, and it may be seen doing so in the next cutting to the south. The name gault is a looal one for a greasy clay, and the name was used geologically as early as 1788. Grault is a bluish or grey H 2 94 The Geology of the Railway Line from micaceous clay, with crystals of iron pyrites ; these being abundant as a rule, render the fossils difficult to preserve, and they should bei treated frequently with a solution of gelatine ; there is, however,, little pyrites in Wilts. Water percolating through the upper greensand over the gault. causes the sand to slip over the clay, so that landslips are very? frequent over the gault, and they may be seen all the way fromij Burderop Wood by Wroughton, Broad ToAvn, &c. With the gault the upper cretaceous series of rocks begins, and| with it a great period of subsidence, continued, with the exception of a shallowing during the upper greensand period, through the whole of the upper cretaceous period, until a thickness of several hundred feet had been deposited, varying in different parts oJ England, but thinning steadily in a westerly and northerly direction, The junction of the gault with the upper greensand is to be seem in the cutting beyond Burderop Wood, where a bridge crosses the railway. We shall here find it difficult to mark the exact place where the one bed ends and the other begins, as the gault becomes more sandj until it passes into the greensand and disappears beneath it. But the next cutting — viz., that at Chiseldon — shows much more clearly the southerly dip, and here we shall see no trace of the gault I The northern end of the Chiseldon cutting shows the junction o:j the upper greensand with the chalk. ! The Upper Greensand. The greensand can be seen to dip south under the chalk, anc before we go far along the cutting has quite disappeared. The junction of the upper greensand and the chalk is marked b^ a dark green clayey sandy bed with dark brown phosphatic nodules This bed is only about 18in. thick. So numerous are these phos phatic nodules in Cambridgeshire that they have been worked am , made into manure. The upper greensand here is about 60ft. thick In Dorset, South Wilts, and the Isle of Wight it is over 100ft. ii| thickness. All sand deposits were laid down at no great distance from th< ■ Chiseldon to Collingbonrne. 95 shore, and the shore-line of the upper greensand was to the north and west, and at the close of the period, when the Warminster heds were being deposited, the whole of south-eastern and central England 1 was covered by a sea, nowhere more than one hundred or one hundred and fifty fathoms deep, and gradually shallowing westward. " To the south-west it stretched to the borders of Dartmoor, and washed the foot of the Quantock Hills ; the valley of the Bristol ~ Channel was a deep inlet, and thence the shore-line swept north- . ward below the hills of Glamorgan, Monmouth, and Hereford. " The sea then trended north-east to Derbyshire, and passed up the "eastern side of the Pennine range. I am here following Jukes-Browne and his book, the " Building. <§f the British Isles." This sand is greenish grey in colour, consolidating into a sand- " stone at times ; pale calcareous sandstones and chert also occur. I These calcareous sandstones are sometimes called flrestone, and are' II well developed at B^eigate. The' green colour is due to glauconite,. a hydrous silicate of iron, alumina, and potash. " The upper greensand was laid down near a coast-line, and '^indicates a physical change and a diversion from the mud-bearing currents of the ganlt sea. rt As the outcrop of the upper greensand is not very wide, the bed " not being very thick and the dip a good one, the space it occupies 0 on the surface of the ground is a narrow one. This is bed number 3 in the diagram, where it is seen rising up1 under the chalk in the cutting and then spreading out on the map by Badbmy, Licldington, and "Wanborough. 1 But narrow as the outcrop is, it has a marked effect on the scenery, as may be seen in the narrow and picturesque gorges cut • through it at Chiseldon and Wroughton, to mention only two instances out of many. All along the escarpment of the chalk, :' villages are found to be situated on the outcrop of the upper green- ^ sand. i ii Effects of Escarpments on the Shape of Parishes. The variety of soil, too, found to exist in passing from the top of k HO The Geology of the Raikvdy Line from the escarpment to the bottom, viz., the chalk at the top, the greensand "below this, and the gault at the base, has, if you will examine on a map the shape of the parishes situated on the escarpment, determined this shape, which y on will find to be a long parallelogram, of width varying with the size of the parish, but agreeing very much in length, and extending from the top of the escarpment to the bottom, i.e., from the chalk to the gault. It will thus be found that each parish has its share of the chalk, or down land, on the top ; of the arable land, i.e., the upper greensand, on the slope ; and of the grass, or the gault, at the base. The same thing is found to be the case in all similarly-situated parishes in other parts of England. This is a point of much interest, showing how geology can in such cases determine the shape of a parish, but where parishes are situated wholly on one geological formation then other considerations of course step in and the shape is irregular. The chalk, being open land, was chosen as the site of very early settlements, and existing parochial boundaries no doubt in many cases perpetuate divisions of the land which existed before the parochial system itself came into existence. Greensand and the Water Supply. The reason why the villages follow the outcrop of the upper greensand is found in the ease with which water is procured, for the sand lets rain water through very easily. It is then stopped by the gault clay underneath, and causes springs. Springs also occur near the junction of the lower chalk and the greensand. Greensand and Sanitation. This ease with which water sinks through the greensand should cause far gxeater caution than as a rule is exercised in allowing any cesspits to exist in the upper greensand, or indeed anywhere, as they are most dangerous. We may, it is true, go on offending against sanitary laws with far greater impunity in some soils than in others, though retribution Chiseldon to OoUingboume. 97 j comes in due course. But in villages on the upper greensand the | carelessness that is usually exhibited is most amazing. The sanitation of village schools, where the greater part of the ■juvenile population of the village is centred for so many hours j dining the day is a most important matter ; here, again, no cesspits I should be allowed but all refuse should be bestowed daily in the | soil. Where this method is not adopted epidemics are likely to II occur. . Thus, narrow as is the outcrop of the upper greensand, yet, from [I the number of villages situated upon it, it is a most important j formation. Agriculturally also it is important as forming the best I land. The Lower Chalk. This is the division of the chalk next above the upper greensand, [I The base of the lower chalk is marly, and is known as the chalk B marl. The chloritic marl referred to before is the base of the chalk marl, and shows strong current action with consequent erosion, and contains fossils derived from the upper beds of the upper greensand — the Pecten asper zone. The chalk marl is a thick-bedded marly chalk, well shown at Chiseldon Railway Station. A little farther south a change sets in ; and we find some thinner, harder, gritty, siliceous beds. These •: seem to point to the fact that the sea of the lower chalk was still within the influence of a current bringing fine sand. The depth of this sea has been estimated at from three hundred to four hundred fathoms. The glauconite so abundant in the upper greensand lessens in the chalk marl till it disappears in the upper beds of the lower chalk. The lower chalk near the escarpment occupies a considerable area, so that it is there an important division. The cuttings in this division, owing to its much greater thickness — the dip not varying very much — extend for some three miles along the line, a great contrast to the narrow outcrop of the gault and the upper greensand. A reference to the diagram where this division of the chalk is marked 4c Will show this fairly well. 98 The Geology of the Railway Line from From an agricultural point of view the lower clialk is notable as forming the principal arable land of the district, and the heavier land of the clialk area, except for the clayey soil over the upper chalk. Between Chiseldon and Yatesbury it has an outcrop of from three to four miles. It also forms the lower part of the chalk escarpment and is a prominent feature. Archaeology of the Lower Chalk. This escarpment of the lower chalk has numerous old trackways cutting deeply into it, probably dating back to the Stone Age. These trackways lead down to the belt of woodland at the base of the escarpment, in these woods game no doubt abounded. The number of these is in marked contrast with that of the modern roads, which are here few and far between. This points to a popu- lation in early days much more numerous than the scanty numbers now inhabiting the district. Canyons and Terraces in the Lower Chalk. Near the edge of the lower chalk escarpment may be seen — as, for example, near Liddington and Wanborough— steep-sided canyon-shaped valleys looking like chasms rent in the chalk. These are the result of water action in former times, when the water-level in the chalk was higher than now ; the draining of the White Horse Yale, the clearing of the waterways, the cutting down of the woods, and the diminished rainfall, has caused this lowering of the water. So steep are the slopes of these valleys that you come on them from the higher ground quite suddenly and without preparation. Their bottoms are now dry, and in many cases I have found old pit-dwellings and lynchets or cultivation terraces, connected with them. Other good examples may be seen at King's Play Hill and Heddington. Here the sides of these valleys are terraced and their bottoms flat — valleys that were originally v-shaped having been flattened at the bottom by the action of constant ploughing, continued to the present day from the time when the terraces were cultivated. The lower chalk, including the chalk marl, is about 250ft. thick, Chiseldon to Coilingbourne. 99 and contains some very massive beds, as may be seen in some of the road sections near Basset Down and Clyffe Pypard. The Mtddh Chalk. Abont three miles from Chiseldon Station the cutting enters the middle or second division of the chalk ; the dividing line between this and the lower chalk is marked by a line of hard nodnlar yellowish chalk known as the Melboimie Rock, bnt sections where this rock occurs are rare in this district. This nodnlar bed, however, may be seen on the surface of the ground near the junction of the lower and middle chalk. Unfortunately the cutting does not pass through this Melbourne Rock, but it may be seen in a pit close to the line. The middle chalk is whiter and purer than the lower chalk and less argillaceous. Mints also begin to make their appearance, but rather sparingly. This division of the chalk wTas laid down in a deeper sea than the lower chalk, and at a considerable distance from land. It forms a distinct feature in the escarpment, as most of the sheep down-land is on the middle chalk, which is thus of importance agriculturally. The middle chalk in our district is thinner than the lower, being only about 120ft. thick. Being thinner and the dip being the same its outcrop is much narrower than that of the lower chalk, and thus it covers a much less area on the north and west. This bed is marked 4b in the diagram. The Chalk Rock. The divisional bed between the middle and the upper chalk is known as the chalk rock. No good example of this bed is to be seen in the cuttings, though a smooth hard cream- coloured bed rather like part of it may be seen in the cutting south of the bridge by Ogbourne Maizey. The chalk rock consists of five or six distinct beds of hard cream- coloured limestone, each of which has a layer of hard green-coated nodules at the top ; each layer forming a marked plane of separation : 100 The Geology of the Railway Line from glauoonite grains occur in it, and the thickness is about 8ft. Where fossils occur in the chalk rock they are very interesting, for the assemblage recalls that of the chalk marl, some of the species being very similar, and gasteropods common ; hence it is supposed the sea became shallower at this epoch. That this bed must have been cut through in making the line near Ogbourne Maizey is evident, because the line for some little distance south of the cutting by Ogbourne Maizey Bridge is ballasted with it. The chalk rock may be seen in many pits on the high ground and the marked features of the country such as those on which Liddington and Barbury Castle stand, are due to this very hard bed, which has withstood denudation better than the softer chalk. The Upper Chalk. The upper chalk, next above the chalk rock, comes on in the first deep cutting after leaving Ogbourne Station. We find that flints are very numerous in the upper chalk, and the layers often occur close together. These flints are so plentiful that they cover the ground, thus making a different soil to that of the lower and middle chalk. West of Marlborough the upper chalk is very much cut up by valleys, and does not cover a very great area, but on the east it occupies more of the ground. On the north it only begins to make an appearance, and so it thickens gradually to the south, being about 150ft. in thickness at Marlborough Station well, where, how- ever, the higher beds are absent. The Marlborough Water Works well, according to information supplied to me by Mr. Fairbank, the engineer, is 143ft. 6in. deep, all in the upper chalk, which is not passed through. The upper chalk is a most important division of the chalk for many reasons. First, it is our great source for water-supply.. The lower chalk is compact and clayey, holding up rather than containing water, which percolates very slowly through it, But when it contains the hard gritty beds seen near Chiseldon these would f avour percolation, Chweldoh to CoUingboume. 101 and so when these beds are found the lower chalk might yield a good deal of water. But neither this division nor that of the middle chalk can be compared with the upper chalk for purposes of water supply. The many layers of flint and the fissures so plentiful in this formation assist percolation, and the water sinks through the chalk till the level of saturation is reached. This level rises and falls with the amount of rainfall. Agriculturally- the upper chalk is very important, forming a good arable soil, especially when covered by the red clayey flinty soil known as the clay-with-flints, and only found on the upper chalk in this district. The carbonated rain water, the carbonic acid being derived from decaying vegetable matter, percolating through the flinty chalk, removes the carbonate of lime and leaves the clayey part of the chalk as a red clay stained by iron. Thus, from an agricultural point of view, the lower chalk forms the heavy arable land, the middle chalk the down land, and the upper chalk, when bare, the light arable land. The clay-with-flints and the Tertiary debris often fill pipes many feet deep. Mr. Codrington, in his paper on the Greology of the Berks and Hants Extension and Marlborough Railways, describes some pipes 30ft. in depth in the cutting between Savernake and Marlborough, near Wernham Farm. Mixed with the clay-with-flints is to be found a good deal of mottled clay, the remains of the Tertiary beds. In the brickyard on the top of Salisbury Hill, near the Marl- borough Water Works reservoir, are some very good sections of both these clays. The pipes are lined with a thin coating of clay- with flints and filled with a considerable thickness of Tertiary clays, the debris of the Tertiary beds. It is this clay-with-flints and the existing outliers of the Tertiary beds, forming a soil so favourable to the growth of trees, to which Savernake Forest owes its existence. The forest area roughly marks out the clay area, and though to the west of the forest there is a considerable clay area bare of trees, this is because they have been cut down. The forest must once have extended as far 102 Geology of the Railway Line from as the West Woods, this being the westerly limit of the clay. From 11 le upper chalk also came the flints whenoe our forefathers obtained the weapons so well seen in Mr. Brooke's splendid collection in Marlborough. Marlborough, thus favoured by its geology, was just the place for an important prehistoric settlement, and of this we have many evidences. Here the forest and the down met, there were flints for their tools, and the river for their water-supply and for fish. Grame they could find in the forest, and the down afforded pasture for their flocks, and arable land as well. As I have gone at length into this matter in a paper published in the Marlborough College Natural History Society's Report, 1890, on " The Influence of Geology in forming the Settlement round Marlborough," I can only thus briefly touch on it here. We must now proceed on our journey along the line, and go on from Marlborough towards Savernake. After passing Hat Grate the strata which as far as Marlborough have a steady southerly dip, thus bringing on higher beds in the chalk, begin to dip very sharply the reverse way, to the north. Mr. Codrington, in his paper, makes the dip as high as 45°- The result of this is to reverse the outcrop of the strata, and the chalk- rock, which we left at Ogbourne passing away under the upper chalk to the south, is now brought up to the surface and well shown in the deep cutting beyond Hat Grate, with the high north dip before referred to. ' As this reverse north dip continues we still get lower and lower beds in the chalk, and very soon reach the lower chalk with the same hard gritty beds we had observed a little south of Chiseldon Station, and last of all we come once more on the upper greensand, which disappeared at the northern end of Chiseldon cutting. Groing on past Savernake, along the Andover line, we cross the northern end of the Pewsey Yale, and pass over the " anticlinal," or uprise caused by some disturbance which has brought up to the surface, strata that would never have come up but for this. That we are passing over this arch or anticlinal is clear, for the Chiseldon to Collingbourne. 103 upper greensand which outside Savernake Station can be seen dipping norths is seen in the cutting just before Grafton is reached to be dipping steadily and gently south, so that the same series of strata is repeated from Grafton to Collingbourne, where the upper chalk again makes its appearanoe, as was seen between Chiseldon and Marlborough. It is interesting to compare the effect on the width of the outcrop of the strata of the sharp northern dip to the north of Savernake, with that of the gentle south dip from Grafton to Collingbourne. It will be seen that the upper, middle, and lower chalk (4a, 4b, and 4c in the diagram) occupy a very small space north of Savernake as compared with the wider space occupied by the same beds between Grafton and Collingbourne. The sharp dip, too, affects the line of the outcrop which west of Burbage is seen to be almost straight, while to the east of that place it winds about and follows very much the natural contour of the country. I have now taken you all the way from Chiseldon to Colling- bourne on our geological railway journey, and necessarily at express speed, as I have only sketched the bare outline of the great geological story that this journey unfolds. But I trust I have not wearied you, and that thus running along you have been able to read something of the main geological features of the country through which this most interesting line passes. In conclusion a few words may perhaps be said as to the distri- bution of the chalk in England. From its western outcrop in Antrim, in Ireland, the cretaceous sea, shallow in the west of England, deepened to the east and south, so that in the Isle of Wight the chalk reaches 1700ft., its maximum thickness in England. No well in Marlborough has gone through the upper cretaceous beds, and we do not know what lies beneath that formation in the Yale of Pewsey. A boring there would be a most interesting experiment geologically, and might yield most important results from an industrial point of view, as the upheaval there may have brought up the older rocks, with perhaps the coal-bearing strata, to within no very great distance from the surface, near enough, possibly, in the event of coal being present, to allow of its being worked. 104 Uotcs on §Vittb from a §bmn Interment at § asset J omit. By the Rev. E. H. Goddard. ^jj^Y the kindness of Mr. N. Story Maskelyne, F.B.S., the Presen^ owner of Basset Down, I have been allowed to make notes and drawings of a very interesting series of Saxon remains, found many years ago at that place, and still in his possession. The house stands, surrounded by gardens and grounds of great beauty, immediately on the northern slope of the chalk marl escarpment, about two miles from "Wroughton. So close is it indeed to the hill that both under the former and present owners large quantities of earth have been moved away from the top and side of the hill in the cutting of numerous walks and paths, and in the formation of the present lawns and the platform in front of the house. It was during one of these operations in the early part of the century that the remains in question were found. The spot seems to have been the summit of the hill immediately behind and to the south of the house, and above what are now the rockwork terraces. The following is the MS. description accompanying the relics, in the handwriting of the late Mrs. Story : — " When Mr. Story began lowering the hill at Basset Down in the year 1822, they found a few feet below the summit a number of human skeletons. Shortly afterwards, when they came to the point of land they discovered the skeletons of two young warriors. They had been interred side by side. Each had a portion of a shield, a spear, a knife, fibulse, and a pair of clasps, beside strings of beads, some of which are of amber. A coin was also found, but too imperfect to give the date, and a portion of a spoon. These remains are preserved in this box and the under jaws of each of the two persons. Probably they were the chiefs, and the others the common men who had fallen in some battle near this spot, but of this there are no records. Digging in 1839 further to the west more skeletons like the first were found. " 28th July, 1840, Dr. Buckland examined these curiosities. He considers all, especially the clasps, to be Saxon, with the exception of the beads. They are British or Celtic. But as the necklace of a former age may be worn by persons 3 IRON OBJECTS FROM SAXON INTERMENT AT BASSET DOWN. Scale % linear. Notes on Objects from a Saxon Interment at Basset Down. 105 of a later, this does not militate against the warriors having been Saxon. The large round bead is rock-crystal. The ring is made of bone and has been varnished. The rest of the beads are amber and glass." With regard to this account it is to be remarked that it is impossible now to say whether the interments were the result of a battle as here suggested, or whether the spot was a cemetery be- longing to some neighbouring settlement. There is no doubt, however, that they were of Saxon date, and therefore are of more than usual interest to us in Wiltshire — for, though several Saxon finds of great interest have been made in Wiltshire, such as the jewellery found at Roundway Down, of which a portion is exhibited on loan in our Museum, and the relics from the cemeteries at Harnham and Kemble which have been described in Archceologia (vols, xxxv., p. 259 and 475 ; xxxvii., p. 1), still in comparison with the remains of the Celtic and even of the Roman period, the remains of the pre-Christian Saxons are scarce in the county, and we have almost nothing of that period in the Museum to balance the magnificent collection of Celtic relics. I have, therefore, thought it worth while to illustrate all the more important articles of this find. No. 1. — The most perfect of the two iron shield bosses {umbo). They are circular, 5|rn. in diameter, the conical spike in the centre being 3f in. in height. The four round-headed rivets by which the boss was attached to the wooden shield still remain. The other boss is of the same shape, but is not nearly so perfect. The Saxon shield was commonly circular, of light wood covered with hide. The iron boss in the centre formed on the inside a cavity for the hand. {Pagan Saxonciom, p. 20.) No. 2. — A small spear or javelin head of iron, 5|in. long. The socket formed in the characteristic Saxon way by turning over the edges, leaving an opening on one side. The blade is short and almost flat. No. 3. — Spear-head of iron lOfin. long, of which the blade measures 6Jin. The socket has remains of the wooden shaft in it still. The blade is narrow and long with a slight ridge in the centre on each side. 10(> Notes on Object* from a Saxon Interment at Basset Doivn. No. 4. — An iron knife, the blade 4}in., the tang 2}in., in length. The blade is |in. wide at the handle. No. 5. — A similar knife measuring 3 fin. in the blade, and If in. in the tang. The point is gone. No. 6. — Ear-pick of bronze — now bent out of shape — pierced at the end for suspension to a ring, or chatelaine, with other toilet articles. This has a Roman look, but similar toilet articles have been found in Saxon interments at Harnham (Archceologia, xxxv., 262), and at Fairford, &c. No. 7. — Spindle whorl of bone, If in. in diameter, and Jin thick. This is apparently the " ring " mentioned in the MS. account of the find printed above. There are no signs of varnish on it. No. 8. — Part of a spoon of metal plated with tin (?), with the stepped attachment to the handle, generally found in late Roman or Romano-British work. A spoon of the same character was found in a Saxon interment at Kemble (Archceologia, xxxvii., )•• 2). No. 9. — One of a pair of bronze hair (?) pins, 4 Jin. in length. They are formed of a narrow strip of flat bronze with the edges turned in and hammered into pin shape, the head left flat, and pierced with an eye for a ring of thick bronze wire. In the other specimen the eye is broken out and the ring gone. Nos. 10, 11, and 12. — Pieces of amber of irregular shape, about ^in. thick, pierced for beads. The largest has been ground flat on both surfaces, and the others look more like naturally flat pieces of amber. Four of these were found. No. 13. — Amber beads of irregular bean shape. Of these about twenty-six were found, varying from the size of a horse bean to that of a very small pea. There were also fragments of one larger piece of rough unshaped amber pierced as a bead. All the amber is very red, and resembles resin. No. 14. — A bead of rock crystal, roughly globular in shape, apparently made from a water- worn pebble. The sides rough, the ends ground down and polished. Akerman (Pagan Saxondom, p. 10) refers to the frequency with which crystal balls occur in Saxon interments, and suggests that they were worn as amulets. Objects found in Saxon Interments at Basset Down. Scale FkllSize. Saxon Saucer-shaped Fibulae, found at Basset Down. (Full Notes on Objects front a Saxon Interment at Basset Down. 107 No. 15. — Two long beads of dark blue glass, the surface some- what striated. No.' 16. — Three beads of uncoloured glass made in one piece. There are eleven of these, all now irridescent and resembling " Roman pearls." No. 17. — Very small round beads of opaque light green glass or paste. Four were found, two of them joined together. Dr. Buckland seems to have been mistaken in pronouncing the beads to be Celtic, as beads of amber as well as glass are commonly found in Saxon graves (Pagan Saxondom, p. 42). No. 18. — Bow-shaped fibula of bronze, lfin. long, traces of gilding on the surface. The hinge and pin gone. No. 19. — One of a pair of circular saucer-shaped fibulae of copper ? gilt. 2^ in. diameter, the rim Jin. deep. A star or pointed quatref oil ornament in the centre surrounded by a circle of depressed dots. In both cases the pin, which was probably of iron, is gone. No. 20. — One of a pair of similar fibula?, of copper gilt, l-nrm- in diameter, the rim ^ in. deep. In the centre set in a raised boss as a jewel is a small piece of greenish-white glass. (This is missing in the other fibula.) The ornament around is of concentric in- terrupted lines deeply ridged. The gilding of these fibula? is bright and fresh. The pins are gone. A plate of nine gilt fibula? of this class, found at Fairford, is given in Pagan Saxondom, of which one has a five-pointed star in the centre ; and in Archceologia, xxxvii., p. 2, is the figure of another from Kemble very similar in pattern to No. 20. In addition to the articles figured there is a thin flat piece of iron 4 Jin. long and Jin. broad, with a circular stud or rivet at each end, which somewhat resembles the shield handles found in some Saxon graves. It seems, however, too small for such a purpose. Also a plain circular ring of iron, 2Jin. in diameter and Jin. thick ; as well as some corroded remains of buckles, &c, and a couple of short pins of bronze. The coin found with the remains is a Roman third brass piece, but is quite illegible. No record is preserved of the positions of the various articles in these interments, but as a rule the Saxon was buried with his spear VOL. XXVIll. NO. LXXXIIl. I 108 The Belfry formerly *i (Hiding in the Close, Salisbury. al his righl side, the head being found above the shoulder, the shield laid flat on the body, the sword — if he had one — at his side, and the knife at his girdle. The two shield bosses in this case sufficiently prove that these were two graves of men, but on the other hand the spindle whorl, the ear-pick and the beads are articles — especially the first-named — commonly found in women's graves. One of the lower jaws preserved is, moreover, much slighter and less square in outline than the other. The fibulae might belong to either men or women. The position of these pairs of brooches seems to have been either on the breasts, as in the Fairford graves, or just below the shoulders, as in those at Harnham. %\t §dfri) fovmcrln stanbing in t|e Close, ,$alisluui], anb its §cHs. By John Handing. ^^JiE' ancient Bell-tower, or Belfry as it had been called from j ; llrr|| the earliest times, stood between the Cathedral and the 1 north wall of the churchyard, very near the spot where there is I now a solitary and weather-beaten old elm tree, which is shown in | the print of the south-east view of the Belfry given by Hatcher as a young tree, growing near the doorway. Visitors to the Cathedral during the dry summers of 1887 and! 1893, after passing a few yards into the churchyard on their way to the north porch, could hardly have failed to notice, in the turf to the left of the path, traces of the buried foundations of walls and buttresses, mapped out in broad brown patches of withered grass. These marks indicated the site of the old Belfry, and are visible j from time to time after a long continuance of dry summer weather. j It is remarkable that no writer has left us any description of this [ By John Harding. 109 building ; all that can be known of it, therefore, is furnished by the old views of the Cathedral in which it appears. One of the best of those is the large north-east view of the Cathedral published by Easton in 1759 ; upon this print the Belfry is a conspicuous object. Price, in his " Observations upon the Cathedral" which he published in 1753, " For the Use and Amusement of GENTLEMEN and other curious PERSONS," gives a plan and section of the Belfry drawn to a small scale, and also an elevation of the lower portion of the edifice, which was of stone, in order to show his design for covering in the building when the tower and steeple should be taken down, as was at that time contemplated and soon after carried into effect — when, however, Price's scheme was not adopted, but a plainer and less expensive roof, covered with slate, substituted. The Belfry was a building of great strength and solidity, admirably adapted to its purpose of containing a great peal of bells. The sub-structure was 33ft.. square in the clear of the walls, which were of stone, about 8ft. thick, flanked by three buttresses on each of its four sides, and rising to a height of nearly 80ft. from the ground to the top of the parapet. On each side were four lancet windows, and in the centre of the interior an octagonal stone shaft, from which projected corbels supporting the timbers of the floors. On the exterior there was a boldly-moulded plinth to the walls and buttresses, similar to that on the outside of the Cathedral. This was repeated in the interior and around the central shaft. The buttresses were divided into four slightly diminishing stages by moulded weatherings and string-courses, the latter being continued along the walls and as a hood mould over the arches of the windows ; the buttresses terminated in gablets at the level of the parapet. Above this massive and lofty stone base was a superstructure of oak, consisting first, of a square tower, each external face being divided into eight arched compartments with tracery heads and spandrels, four of these divisions were pierced as windows, and the openings filled with louvres. Above the tower rose an octagonal turret, divided into stages by horizontal strings and covered with lead-work of herring-bone or zig-zag pattern, finished by an I 2 110 The Belfry formerly standing in the Clow, Salisbury. embattled parapet ; from this level sprang the steeple, which was also covered with lead of similar design, and terminated with a metal cross ; the weather-cock which appears above the cross in views of the Belfry having no doubt been a later addition to it. The entire height of the structure from the grass of the churchyard to the top of the cross was about 200ft., being some 50ft. higher than the leaden roof, which in all probability covered the original tower of the Cathedral. The door was in the south wall, between the middle and eastern buttresses. A circular stone staircase, reached by a short passage from a doorway on the inside of the east wall, was formed in the thickness of the masonry of the south-east angle, and continued to the top of the stone structure, where it was covered in by a lead roof just above the parapet. The ringing-loft was 37ft. above the ground-floor, and the bell-chamber 32ft. higher, each storey being lighted by eight windows, two in each wall. The Belfry was undoubtedly coeval with the Cathedral, the striking similarity of the two buildings in general design, and in detail, being conclusive evidence that they were the work of the same architect. Being specially designed to receive the bells the Belfry would certainly be completed and furnished with them when the Cathedral was consecrated in 1258 : they were probably brought from the Cathedral at Old Sarum, in which, as the Consuetudinary of St. Osmund clearly shows that a peal existed, for it directs when the bells are to be rung, and in defining the duties of the Sacristan includes the care of the bells, for which the Treasurer is enjoined to provide the funds. In what follows much use has been made of the extracts taken many years ago, by the late Mr. Frederick Richard Fisher,1 of Salisbury, from the annual accounts of the Clerks of "Works to the Cathedral, and from other books and documents in the muniment room, which he was allowed to examine when I for a time assisted him. These accounts, so far as examined, go back to 1473, and 1 Mr. Fisher was Clerk of the Works to Salisbury Cathedral, and his father before him, By John Harding. Ill contain many items of interest to the archaeologist, and historian of the Cathedral. As an instance it may be mentioned that the accounts for 1479 and 1480 contain the charges in connection with the stone vault under the tower, the date of this work not being known until it was found in these accounts. Notwithstanding St. Osmund's provision for the care of the bells, it is evident that in course of time they were much neglected, for Dodsworth relates that as early as 1331 a letter of remonstrance was addressed by the Chapter to the Treasurer, upon the danger to which the rich treasures of the Church were exposed, and further : — " That the bells in the belfry with much art suspended, of great weight and price, and sweet sounding to the ears, by the fault of your officers are suffered to decay, and rendered totally useless for ringing." There was also a clock in the Belfry at an early date, for there is, among the Clerk of the Works' papers a lease or grant for forty years, bearing date 1386, from the Dean and Chapter to Reginald Clover and Alice his wife, of " A shop built over the fosse of the Close of the Canons of the Church of Sarum on the eastern side of the north gate of the Close for the sustentation of the clock in the belfry of the sd. Close." There is a charge in the account for 1473 of 4s. 2d. to Walter the Sexton for the care of the clock for one quarter, and the same salary was paid until 1661. The clock remained in the Belfry until the latter was taken down in 1790, when it was removed to the Cathedral tower, where it was kept going until 1884, when it was superseded by the excellent clock and chimes presented to the Cathedral by the officers of the 62nd, or Wiltshire Regiment. There is also mention of a dial on the Belfry, to which the fol- lowing payments refer. In 1613 "To Thomas Devorant the smith for making the elevation for the dial 11*. Sd. ; to Cobell the painter 15*.; to the joyuer for his pay nes 15*. ; to Orpen (carpenter) for three days about the same dial 3*. tid. ; to Singer for so many days work 2*. 4id.n 112 The Belfry formerly standing in the Close, Salisbury. Again, in 1633 is the following: — " For new oylinge and cullaringe the dyall on the belfree 6s., and for setting up and talcing down the scaffold 8rf." From very oarly times shops and other buildings stood very near the Belfry, if some were not actually built against it. There is reference to these in 1473, when " three shoppis subtus le belfray " are mentioned. Also in 1558 the rent of " two Shoppes " in the west part of the Belfry is credited. Some of them were used for workshops or stores in connection with the Cathedral, while others were let as shops or dwelling-houses, and one as an inn or " ale- house," which so continued until 1790, when the whole of these buildings were taken down with the Belfry. In 1627, by a decree of the court of quarter sessions, all the alehouses in the Close were suppressed, with the exception of the one kept by Hugh Maunds, who was a labourer employed about the work of the Cathedral, and one of the ringers, so that probably he kept the alehouse under the belfry. In March, 1757, the Dean and Chapter ordered " that no liquors be sold at the Belfry after Michaelmas next." The charges relating to the bells in the Clerk of the "Works' accounts are innumerable, the bells, or the parts belonging to them, seeming to be always getting out of order. One of the earliest entries in 1473 is for " Blostryng le stokke magn. earn pan and torn in g le cloke bell p two dies in la belfray." In the same year and subsequently the Sacrist, or Sexton, "was paid a shilling per annum for oiling the bells. The following payments in the accounts for 1480 refer to a new bell : — " Et in denar Solut Thome Grey and John Brente pro carriag uov cam pan dc Domo eneator usque le belfray iij*. — iiijd. " Rope for the new bell 36,bs. 1^. iijs.— ixd. " Timba pro le belstocke." The first item proves that a bell-foundry existed in Salisbury at least a century before the earliest date hitherto assigned to it, viz., 1581, when it was carried on by John Wallis, who in that year cast a new bell for St. Martin's Church, in Salisbury The foundry hy John liar din (j. 113 was in Guilder Lane, anciently called Bell-founder Street, and appears to have been closed in 1731. In 1630 the tenor was re-cast, and the following payments are charged in connection with that important event : — "To a Carpenter and his man for two days about .... taking down of the Great Bell 4s. 8d. " For the rent of the House where the bell was cast this whole year 13s. 4d. " Kingston and his man one day in fitting the great bell to be taken down to be cast. " To eight Labourers a day in taking down the Great Bell to be cast 4". 4d. " To four other Labourers one day 4s. " The Carpenter and his two men two and a half days about the same 5*. 10d. "To six Labourers to load and unload the bell at his carriage and .... and to roll him into the Belfry 10s. " To eight Labourers more half a day to help in the bell 3s. 4'". " To the Carpenter and his man four days in helping and new hanging the Great Bell 9\ 4d. " To a Labourer the like 3*. 4d. " Grease for the Bell 4d. " Ringer to try the Bell \\ " A clamp for the Bell Is. " Nails 6d. " For carrying and .... the Bell 17s. " A sole for the Great Bell 4s. I0d. " Nails and wedges Is. 2d. ' " For a Rope for the Bell-founder to uncast his bell 12s. 2d. For mending the Great Bell clapper 13s. 4d. " Two Labourers one day for carrying the planks, trestles, and other things from the Bell-house Is. 4d. "To the Bell-founder towards his charges in travelling 55. 4d, " Tc Kingston and his men three days in new hanging the Great Beli 7\" Besides the " Clock Bell " the " Morning Bell " is mentioned in 1531, St. Osmund's bell, and " the Bell for the fyrst Masse" in 1559, and " the tylling Bell " in 1563. The bell which was cast in 1480, a few years after the canonization of St. Osmund, might have been the one which was called by his name. It is uncertain what number of bells constituted the ancient peal Probably there were twelve, for the tenth bell is referred to in 1531, and as it is not called the " Great Bell," as is usually the case in the accounts when speaking of the tenor, it is likely that there would be two below it. However this may have been, the peal was Ill The Belfry formerly standing in the Close, Salisbury. reduced to an octave in 1661, the tone of the tenor being B natural ; this was the ease until the breaking up of the peal in 1790. During the troublous times of the Civil Wars and Commonwealth the Belfry and bells suffered much damage from neglect, as well as from wanton mischief. Upon one occasion the building was garrisoned by a party of Ludlow's men, who, being besieged by the Royalists, were forced to capitulate, the latter having rendered the place untenable by burning down the door. Soon after the Restoration, viz., in 1661, William Purdue, who then carried on the Salisbury foundry, was employed to re-cast some of the larger bells. At the same time the Clerk of the Works gives credit for having received £362 for bell-metal, which was probably that of the smaller bells, which were then broken up. One of the bells cast at this time by William Purdue was the sixth in the peal, and was removed to the tower of the Cathedral when the Belfry was taken down, being the same upon which the clock strikes, and is tolled daily for divine service. It bears the following inscription : — " Impensis Ecclesi^e William Pvrdve Fvsa Anno Regis Caroli Q1)xiii A00 Dni 1661." The following entries occur in the account for 1668 : — " Casting 59 lbs. of brasses for ye Great Bell at 4d. per ib. £1 „ 09 „ 06. "4lbs. of new brasses 0 „ 04s 04°. " In the year 1671 Bishop Seth Ward held a visitation of the Cathedral, when the Dean and Chapter, in answering the articles relating to the Belfry and bells, say — " The Belfry and tower want repair. " The Timber to the Piremid of the Belfry is defective." " The Belfry wants lead to the quantity of three or four tons." " The south side of the Belfry being closed up windows prevents the bells' sound from being heard." " The seventh and eighth bells are broken and useless till they be re-cast." We have seen that the eighth bell was re-cast so recently as in 1630, yet now in 1671 the process is again necessary. The peal remained in this mutilated condition for nine years longer, but on August 16th, 1680, a contract was entered into " between the Dean and Chapter and Clement Tosier of the City of New Sarum, bell-founder, and Elizabeth Fleury, of the said city, By John Harding. 115 widow," the founders agreeing "to re-cast the seventh and eighth bells," and to find the new metal necessary, which metal was to be composed " of eight parts of the best copper and two parts of the shortest tin " ; to be paid twenty shillings per hundred- weight for the casting, and £6 for every hundred-weight of the extra weight of the bells. In connection with this contract are the following payments : — "August 19th, 1680. Charge in taking down and weighing the two Great "Bells and Drinke 12/6 " Sept. 4th. Carrying the Bells up to the Foundry 10/- " Charge for Meate and Drinke at the casting the Bells £1 „ 12 „ 0. " For bringing them downe into ye Close 10/- " Charge in waying them and putting them up into the tower . . . . aud Beer 12/6." No payments are charged for ringing in the Clerk of the Works' accounts before the time of Queen Elizabeth. One of the earliest was in 1613, when the bells were rung for the King (James I.) and Queen upon the occasion of one of their visits to Salisbury ; after that time the bells were rung in celebration of all events of current national or local interest. Salisbury was much honoured by royal visitors during the seventeenth century, and there was a vast amount of bell-ringing to celebrate their coming and going and movements while staying in the Close. In 1665 King Charles having expressed a desire " to hear the Bells," the ringers were paid ten shillings by the Dean and Chapter to gratify His Majesty's wish. On July 26th, 1671, the bells were pealed when the same monarch " ran through the City " ; also in 1684, when the Duke of York was in the town. On February 6th, 1685, they were rung " for the hopes of the King's [Charles II.] recovery," and on the 9th — three days after — " for the proclaiming of King James II." Again, a few months later, there is ringing " for the taking of Argyle in Scotland,1' also ufor the routing of Monmouth in the West, and soon after "for the taking of Monmouth at Eingwood." In the same spirit of loyal recognition of " the powers that be " the bells were rung in October, 1688, " when King James came to the Town,'' and again, on December 4th, the ringers were paid for " ringing up the Prince of Orange come to Town." The Bishop was always 116 The Belfry formerly standing in the Close, Salisbury. greeted by the bells upon his appointment to the see, or arrival at the palace, and also at his visitations. In May, 1634, the ringers were paid 13s. 4r/. for " ringing for the Visitation of the Lord Archbishop [Laud] His Grace " ; and on July 24th, 1686, another Archbishop's visitation is " rung," at a cost of 56s. Ten shillings a year was paid for " ringing the curfew," the first entry being in 1616 and the last in 1642. Early in the eighteenth century the idlers who were attracted to the annual fair which was held in the Close at Whitsuntide, were allowed, upon payment of a fee to the sexton, to roam over the Belfry, and to tamper with the bells ; in the same way they were permitted to wander about the roofs and gutters of the Cathedral, and to ascend to the eight doors, when the more venturesome of them would climb the ladders on the inside of the spire, and at the risk of their lives get out through the opening of the weather-door, and clamber up to the top, for Price states that as many as eight or ten persons at a time have been seen clustering about the capstone. It is a notable fact that not one of these foolhardy adventurers has ever missed his hold at that giddy height. The Dean and Chapter at length put a stop to these insane practices, and in the case of the Belfry they ordered : — " That no Persons should be allowed to jumble the Bells during the Whitsuntide Holiday s." But it would seem that the order came too late, for in 1746 it is stated " that . . . , . of the Bells are cracked and the rest out of tune," so that the ringing was imperfect, and it was accordingly ordered on October 10th that : — "After the fifth Day of November next, no peals shall be rung on any occasion whatever, until the cracked Bells can be re-cast, and the rest properly tuned." The sound of the bells in such a woful condition would be both ludicrous and irritating to all who were within hearing of it, par- ticularly to those who resided near the Belfry, and the order of the Chapter must have given general satisfaction. The bells were never re- cast nor tuned, but in 1762 an application -J was made to Bishop Thomas for a faculty to sell six of them, which I By John Harding. 117 was not granted by him. The Clerk of the Works, noth with- standing, was afterwards instructed to make an estimate of the weight and valne of the whole of them, of which the following is a copy :— "1766. April. Dimensions of the bells taken by Edmund Lush [Clerk of the Works] and Robert Wells, founder in Albourne, in order to come to the weight : — Cwt. qrs. lbs. Cwt. qrs. lbs X up X 1st bell 7 , . 1 , , 0 7 1 „ o 2nd — 7 , 3 , 0 3rd — 11 , 3 , o X up X 4th — 15 , o , o 15 „ 0 „ 0 5th — 20 , o , o X up X 6th — 24 „ 2 , 0 24 „ 2 „ 0 7th — 30 „ 0 „ 0 8th — 38 „ o , 0 154 „ 1 » o 46 „ 3 „ 0 " Mr. Robt. Wells values the Bells at \0d. per lb. and is the most he will give for them in place if taken in exchange, and 9d. per lb. for the whole if no new Bells are cast." From this report it will be seen that only three of the bells were in the bell-chamber, viz., the 1st, 4th, and 6th, all the others, being cracked, had been lowered to the ground-floor. Another application to the Bishop (Hume) " for permission to sell the useless bells," was made in 1777, the profits therefrom arising "To be appropriated to the proposed improvement or future improvement in repairs of the Church." Bishop Hume was at that time engaged in removing the seats and fittings from the nave of the Cathedral, in undoing Sir Christopher Wren's work in the choir, and forming closets, or rather boxes, with galleries over, at the back of the stalls, approached by staircases in the choir aisles. The petition of the Chapter which gave promise of additional funds to be used " for the improvements of the Church" met with a favourable reception from the Bishop, and the faculty was granted. After this no time was lost in dis- posing of the five bells which were on the Belfry floor, where they had lain awaiting their fate for eleven or twelve years. 118 The Belfry 'formerly standing in the Close, Salisbury. There still remained the tliree bells which were left hanging in the bell-chamber; of these the first and fourth were afterwards sold for £105, and the sixth removed to the Cathedral tower, as before stated. During and subsequent to the troubles of the seventeenth century, or for a period of over one hundred years, no repairs of any im- portance appear to have been done to the Belfry, the upper part of which, being of wood, gradually got into a bad state, so that at length, in November, 1758, the Chapter, " Taking into consideration the state and condition of the Belfry and Library belonging to the Cathedral Church, and being informed by able and experienced workmen upon careful survey by them taken that they are in a . . . ruinous condition. And the form and construction of the Spire and Tower of the Belfry being such that they are neither useful nor ornamental, inasmuch that it would be to no purpose to repair the same in its present form especially as it could not be done without a much greater expense than the present state of the Fabrick fund will admit of. It was therefore unanimously agreed, resolved and ordered (the consent of the absent members having been hereto previously obtained) : — " 1st. That the said Tower and Spire be forthwith taken down, and that the Master of the Fabrick do give orders to the Clerk of the Works accordingly. " 2ndly. That the Master of the Fabrick be desired to consider and take advice about a Plan for finishing and completing the Belfry in a neat and proper manner, when the Spire and Tower thereof shall be taken down. " Mr. Lush the Clerk of the Works was accordingly instructed to prepare plans of the Belfry, and lay the same before the Chapter." However, the resolution of November, 1758, was not carried into effect until ten years after, for in 1769 Mr. Lush was " Admonished to proceed in the work begun at the Belfry with all possible expedition, he having greatly neglected the same. The steeple and octagonal tower were soon after taken down, and the square tower under them covered in with a slated roof of low pitch. The parts taken away were those which lent grace and lightness to the structure, and now being removed and the bells gone, the building came to be regarded as useless, and as an ob- struction to a view of the Cathedral from the north, so that its entire demolition twenty years later was looked upon with in- difference and even approval. In 1787 orders were given for an estimate to be made of the By John Harding. 119 materials of the Belfry, with a view to its being taken down, of which the following is a copy : — " Valuation of Belfry as it now is standing in the Cathedral Churchyard at Sarum, November, 1787 : — " By us Edd Lush Moulton & Atkinson Edd Lush, Junr." In March, 1790, as before stated, the clock and bell were re- moved to the Cathedral, the Belfry taken down and the materials ordered to be advertised and sold. In pursuance of this order the following advertisement appeared in the Salisbury and Winchester Journal of March 15th, 1790 : — " To Builders, or Persons engaged in Building. To be Sold, in any quantity, and upon reasonable terms, the materials of a very large Building ; consisting chiefly of Stone Ashler, Rubble Walling, Oak Timber, Lead, Iron, Slates, Tiling, and various articles of inside finishing, the particulars of which may be known by applying to Mr. Matthews, Clerk of the Works carrying on at the Cathedral at this place." At that time the lamentable works which were done under James Wyatt at the Cathedral were in progress, and there can be little doubt that the Belfry was demolished with the object of supplying, from the sale of the materials, substantial aid to the fund raised for the purpose of carrying out those works. It has been pointed out to me by Mr. A. R. Maiden (Chapter Clerk) that the Belfry was built square with the Cathedral, opposite the middle of the nave, so that an imaginary line drawn at a right angle across the nave, through the centre of its length, and extended northward would pass through the centre of the Belfry. The architect probably chose this position for the Belfry in order that, in Stonework Led 550 0 0 122 0 0 54 15 0 107 16 0 3 13 0 8 0 0 Slate and boarding Timber Iron work Dwelling house 846 4 0 " Salisbury. L20 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough. tho viow of the Cathedral from the north, its lofty tower and steeple might break up the long line of the roof and upper part of the nave. Mr. Maiden has also observed that the external dimensions on plan, of the Cathedral tower and of the Belfry, are nearly, if not quite, identical, and that the length of tho nave of the Cathedral is about the distance between the two buildings. It would be interesting to verify these measurements upon the occurrence of another tropical summer, when the exact position and lines of the old building might be again revealed. Ifotes on Cjjttvcjjes in t|{ Jeigponr|ool)f of By C. E. Ponting, F.S.A. [Read during the Marlborough Meeting, 1894.] fig HAVE been asked, as in former years, to describe some of f I @I f^ the buildings visited on the excursions, and I am glad that, as regards Ramsbury, Aldbourne, and Littlecot, I shall be rolieved by Mr. Doran Webb, who is more familiar with their history. I would say at the commencement that I do not propose to give an exhaustive description of the Churches (which would take more time than we could spare) , but merely to point out some of the more interesting evidences of the history of the buildings which are afforded by the structures themselves. There are three points of similarity in the six Parish Churches and two desecrated Chapels of which I have taken notes for this meeting. By C. E. Pouting, F.S.A. 121 1st. As might have been expected from the geological conditions of the locality, they are all built to a large extent of flint. 2nd. In five out of the six Churches the nave is older than the chancel. 3rd. Where there are aisles the nave arcades are Norman work and the oldest parts of the structure. The two latter points seem to throw a doubt on the very generally prevailing idea as to the order in which the Churches were originally built, It is difficult to suppose that in all these cases there were pre-Norman chancels against which the naves were built, and if not, then the order would seem to be — first the arcades, then the ends of the nave, after which followed the outer walls of the aisles, and last of all the chancel (excepting, of course, divergences to be mentioned later on), and Mildenhall Church is a valuable instance of the slow growth of these structures. Mildenhall. St. John the Baptist. The plan of this Church consists of a clerestoried nave with aisles of three bays, south porch, chancel, and western tower. On entering the Church we are met by the somewhat alarming inscriptions on the wooden shields affixed to the roof -trusses, in- forming us that :— " This Church, deeply in decay, has been all but re-builded generously and piously at their own expense in 1816 " by twelve persons whose names are given. But on closer scrutiny it will be seen that fortunately the term " all but re-builded " is a slight exaggeration, for the only structural work then done was the alteration of the middle window of the south clerestory, and the fabric of this most interesting Church remains intact. The earliest work is the south arcade of three bays of semicircular arches of two orders with square edges and moulded labels, supported by cylindrical columns with carved capitals having square abaci notched at the angles to follow the section of the arches. The capitals vary in the design of their ornaments, and are in good preservation. It will be noticed that the one facing the south entrance has heads at two of its angles with hands stretched out 122 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough. botweon, and holding a conventional leaf. The bases are circular on square plinth with " tongues " at the angles. This arcade may be put down at about 1160. The north arcade is evidently a little later, say 1170 — 1190 ; the arches are of the same form and section, but the labels are more richly moulded and the capitals are circular and moulded only ; the base mouldings, too, are of a later type. There are later openings through the eastern responds, the one on the south has a bit of early moulding as an abacus. [ The chancel arch is still later in feeling, say about 1200. It is pointed, and has two orders of chamfers, supported on early-looking I corbels — that on the north having a head — and the abacus of early I section is continued round the chamfers. The arch into the tower appears to be coeval with the chancel arch. It is an acutely-pointed one of one square order, having an impost moulding at the springing : the jambs have small chamfers on the east angles with stops of Early English type. The lower two stages of the tower up to the string under the belfry window were built at the same time, and the flat buttress carried round the south-west angle is the original one of this date. The north and south windows of the middle chamber (the top stage of the early tower) are very remarkable. They are each of two lights with square heads and pilaster-like mullions having rudely-moulded caps and bases which recall Saxon work in form but not in detail — these I are a curious survival of an older type. There are traces of a similar window on the west face at a higher level, but cut short by j the re-building of the upper stage at a later period- — this points to the conclusion that the early tower had a saddle-back roof with gables east and west, and eaves on the north and south, level with the window heads. The west door of the tower is in detail dis- j tinctly in advance of the rest of this work, and I conclude that it was inserted some thirty years later. After the completion of the nave with its arcaded sides and two ends (one of which was the tower) the aisles were commenced ; the I south aisle (excepting the west window, which is modern, and the I easternmost bay) and the western part of the north aisle with two early buttresses remain of this work of the first quarter of the By C. E. Panting, F.S.A. 123 thirteenth century. The wide lancet window westward of the porch is constructed partially of chalk, and has its sill only 2ft. lOin. from the floor, which seems to suggest some other use than that of giving light. There is a low window in the same position and of about the same date at Broad Hinton. Were these for use in the distribution of a dole ? There was evidently a thirteenth century chancel, as its priest's door is retained in the present one, which was erected early in the fifteenth century. The chancel has two two- light pointed windows without labels in each side wall, a three-light east window with label having square terminals, diagonal buttresses at the angles, and moulded and chamfered plinth. The latter feature is carried round the north aisle (except the western part) and the eastern bay of the south aisle, which were re-built at the same time. The aisle walls are on the old foundations, and the leaning condition of the part of the south aisle not then rebuilt seems to supply a reason for the reconstruction. The fifteenth century bay of the south aisle has a good three-light square-headed window and a diagonal buttress at the angle. The north aisle has two-light pointed windows, identical with those of the chancel in the north wall, and a similar one in the west end. There is also a stone cornice which probably once had a parapet— the cornice is carried round over the old piece of wall left at the west end, and a diagonal buttress was added to this part like the one at the north-east angle. On the outside of the east wall of the north aisle is what I take to be a dedication cross of the Transitional-Norman Church : it is cut in low relief on a stone of coarser grain than the Perpendicular work in which it is now fixed, moreover part of the lower arm of the cross has been cut away to make the bed- joint coming on the plinth. Soon after the middle of the fifteenth century an upper stage was added to the tower, from the stage over the early windows upwards. This is faced with wrought stone ashlar, whereas the older work is of rubble. This stage has a two-light window in each face and an embattled parapet without pinnacles. At the same time some re- modelling of the early part of the tower took place, including the VOL. XXVIII. — NO. LXXXIIT. K [24 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough. addition of the diagonal buttress at the north-west angle, and the continuation of its base along the west side (on the north side the connection of the late with the early work is clearly traceable, and the stonework of the two periods above the string-course is not flush) ; also the insertion of a string-course in th© west face, dividing the early work into two stages. At the time when the tower was raised the clerestory was added to the nave, and the present low-pitched roof put on. The clerestory had two single-light windows with square heads and labels on the north side and three on the south, but the middle one here has given way to a hideous bit of modern Gothic in cast iron ! The roof has been embellished by early seventeenth century additions, but it is not difficult to distinguish between the Per- pendicular and the J acobean work ; the former consists of three main and two wall-trusses of king-post type having curious pendants under the king-posts, which latter are themselves wider than the tie-beams and corbelled out at the sides ; the wall plate is moulded and has a sunk aroading above it which is returned on the end tie-beams. The purlins have carved pendants on each side of the tie-beam ; the stone corbels are moulded. The re-modelling consisted of a flat ceiling at the purlin level, and carried down the rafters below this, the spaces between the main timbers being treated as panels with leaves of plaster in the angles. The tie-beams were surmounted hy a sort of cap (? of plaster or wood), shaped like the early corbels of the chancel arch, and painted to match the timbers. The chancel doubtless also has its fifteenth century roof, as the cornice is visible, but the rest is concealed by a Jacobean ceiling with ribs and enrichments modelled in plaster. The east bay of the south aisle, which was re-built in the fifteen th century, was probably then founded as a chapel ; two corbels exist, one carved to represent the head of a bishop, and the other that of a king. There are bits of fifteenth century glass in the two north and one of the south windows of the chancel, also in the east window, in- cluding two almost complete figures, one of which is an archbishop with cross and bears the word AugmUrm, By C. E. PoHtimj, F.S.A. 125 Two rude sundials are cut on the south face of the old tower buttress. The work referred to on the shields as having been done in 1816 appears to have been the entire re-fitting of the Church with oak. This work, although of the Batty Langley type of Gothic, is most admirable in workmanship and very elaborate and costly — it was no doubt this fact which led the twelve good men who paid for it, to believe (and to try to induce posterity to believe also) that they had "all but" re-built the Church. These fittings consist of a rich altar-piece with panels for the Decalogue, the Lord's Prayer, and the Creed, wall panelling to the chancel, a pew on each side of the chancel, pews in nave and aisles, a western gallery with concave front and two staircases, a pulpit on the north side with the word " Peace " in a panel on the back, an Agnus Dei and a cross on the front and sounding-board with l.H.S. ; a reading-desk on the south to match the pulpit, but with the word " Grace " on the back, the emblems spear, sponge, and four nails on the front, and i.n.r.i. on the sounding-board ; six curious little forms with backs for placing in the passages ; and a stone font in the centre of the western part, of the central passage — the pews being formed to admit of a passage round it. The whole thing, although inconvenient, is so good in its way that a natural reluctance is felt to interfere with it. The untouched condition of the fabric makes this Church an unusually interesting study, and affords a valuable opportunity of preserving its history by judicious restoration. The Chapel of S. Martin. Chisbury.1 The camp within which we are assembled is an earthwork of, doubtless, British origin, subsequently increased in strength, as a section cut through the fosse by Sir E». C. Hoare revealed the turf covering of a former embankment some 15ft. below the present surface. The camp contains an area of fifteen acres, and has a double entrenchment. lI am indebted to Mr. Shekleton Balfour and Mr. H. L. Anderson for the kind loan of measured drawings of the Chapel, made by them at my suggestion . since the visit of the Society, and reproduced in the accompanying plates. 12(> Notes oh Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough. It is remarkable that this Chapel is built across the line of the inner vallum of the camp, and by what looks like one of its gate- ways. The Chapel was formerly within the parish of Great Bedwyn, and Mr. Ward, in his paper written on the occasion of a former visit of the Society refers to it as a Chapel-of-Ease to the mother Church. Mr. Mackenzie Walcott, in his " Inventories of Chantries," refers to it as Free Chapel in the parish of Little Bedwyn and as belonging to the Abbey of S. Denis in Hampshire (near South- ampton) . The building is a simple parallelogram, the walls constructed of the local material — flint — with Bath freestone for the worked parts, and without buttresses. It was probably erected during the last quarter of the thirteenth century, when the more severe Early English style had fairly yielded to the inroad of the Decorated. The east window is of two lights, with an early form of geometrical tracery — the arches of the lights and the pierced circle over having originally (apparently) had no cusps. There are somewhat similar windows in the north and south sides of the sanctuary, with some im- portant differences, e.g., the east window has wider (unusually wide) inside splays, and whilst in the north and south windows the jambs are plain and the inner arches are carried on shafts about l^in. in diameter, supported by corbel heads, those of the east window were supported by detached angle shafts (which were probably of Purbeck marble, but are now missing, although the caps and bases remain) , set in a hollow formed in the jambs — the hollow being flanked on each side by a roll moulding ; the east window has also an inner roll moulding at the junction of the splay with the window proper, dying out on to a splay provided to receive it on the sill, whilst these features are absent from the side windows. The outside label of the east window is richer than the others. The carving of the caps is freer and less conventional than the usual Early English type, such as is seen at Salisbury. All three windows have labels over and the mouldings of both arches and label assume and die out on to a cylindrical section above the caps. A string-course is carried across the east end below the window. The north, south, By C. E. Pouting, F.8.A. 127 and west walls of the nave portion each have a single-light window with trefoil head, and moulded arches and labels. There are also north and south doors opposite each other. Following the usual Chapel plan the building has no structural division between sanctuary and nave, but the respective dignity attaching to these parts is very clearly distinguished in the treatment of the windows — for, whilst the sanctuary windows are of two lights and traceried, those of the nave are a late form of lancet ; and the mouldings of the arches and labels of the latter are of a distinctly plainer type, and there were no corbels to the arches. The sanctu- ary was separated from the nave by a wooden screen, and the exact position and dimensions of this can be clearly traced on the walls, the inside faces of which were covered with a thin coat of plaster — probably to receive decoration — after the screen was fixed, and this plaster remains to a large extent intact ; it is from it that we are able to trace the former existence of many interesting features now removed, the places of which are occupied by brick filling ; these are : — (1) on the south of the sacrarium, where a corbel-head remains, a piscina has probably been destroyed ; (2) on each side of the east window a large patch seems to indicate the former existence of a corbel, and about 2ft. above the last a small corbel existed on each side ; (3) there are small holes in north and south walls of the sanctuary, almost level with these ; (4) the holes where the ends of the top beam of the screen entered ; (5) marks of roof or other corbels in the north and south walls throughout. In connection with these marks I may mention small holes, now stopped with plaster (which must have been done prior to the desecration of the Chapel), in the stonework at the springing level of all the windows and doors, the object of which it is difficult to conceive. The structure of the Chapel does not seem to have received any mediseval re-modelling excepting, perhaps, the interesting en- richment of the circular piercing of the two-light windows by the insertion of cusping in a groove 2in. wide and fin. deep — the grooves still remain, but the cusping has been removed. It is not improbable, however, that this was part of the original work, as at 128 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough. Raunds Church, as described by Hickman (" Attempt" &c, p. 230.) The north doorway has an outer roll label like the side windows, but the outside of the south door has been altered. it is interesting to note that the exterior face of the walls was covered with plaster like kthe inside, and that the put-log holes for the scaffolding are clearly traceable. The interior has never been whitewashed like the Churches which have been retained in use, and on the plaster can be traced curious little inscribed circles irregularly placed. The whole work is refined and beautiful in the extreme, carried out thoroughly well and with the minutest attention to details. This, in its present desecrated condition, is a very saddening in- stance of fallen grandeur, and it is much to be hoped that the Chapel may again be restored to the use to which it was originally dedicated. The walls are sound and the present seventeenth or eighteenth century roof with wind-braces could be well made to serve its purpose, so that on the score of cost the matter would not seem to be hopeless. Knowle Chapel. This Chapel stands in the ancient parish of Great Bedwyn and was probably attached to that Church. It has been referred to in the Wilts Arch. Mag., by both the Rev. John Ward (vol. vi., p. 270), and by Canon Jackson (vol. x., 259), neither of whom is able to say more than that there was a Chapel here of which there is no known record, but " parts of the building remain." We seem to have here the framework of the entire building of a Chapel erected towards the end of the thirteenth century. It is a simple parallelogram, measuring 24ft. 9in. long by 17ft. wide on the outside (19ft. 6in. by lift. 9in. inside), without any structural subdivision of plan, and the sanctuary was probably marked off by a screen as at Chisbury. The walls are constructed of flint inter- spersed with sarsens, the quoins of the east wall and parts of the south-west quoin are formed of roughly-cut sarsens — a very unusual feature in mediaeval work in this part of the county, although the By C. E. Pouting, F.8.A. 129 scarcity of a more easily-worked stone would seem to have rendered such a plan economical and sometimes necessary. The remaining quoin stones and the windows are of Bath oolite. The east window has lost its mullions and tracery, but the label remains on the outside and the arch and jamb inside — the splay with a cavetto on the inner edge being carried round both. The window is 5ft. wide between the jambs, and was probably of three narrow lights. In the east half of the north wall is a single-light early Decorated window with ogee head, and there are parts of a corresponding- window on the south, where the modern doorway is. The position of the original doorway is not quite clear, but it was probably at the west end, where some re-building of the wall appears to have taken place. On each side of the site of the altar is a small and rudely-formed aumbry, one having been filled with brick. Part of the thin inside surface plaster remains, as at Chisbury. No trace of the old roof remains. Some of the stones on the west and north show signs of fire. Was this Chapel re-built after being burnt ? All Saints. Froxfieli}. This little Church consists of nave and chancel (with vestry on the north, south porch, and a turret over the western bay of the roof, all modern). It is built of flint with freestone dressings, and, although the east end of the chancel has an earlier appearance at first sight, I consider that the structure is practically of one period — the end of the twelfth century, since which time the outer walls have been little altered. A feature which more than anything else indicates this early period for the whole of the walls is that the quoins only had plinths on the outside — this feature has recently been (doubtless for some good reason) extended to the whole of the chancel walls, but I have notes made on 261]] August, 1885, when the chancel, as well as the nave, had no plinths excepting to the quoins. The flint-work has a, herring-bone tendency in some parts of the west and north walls, but this does not indicate an earlier L30 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough. date than I have named : it is found, e.g., more fully developed, in much later work at Great Cheverell. It will be observed that the walls are entirely without buttresses and that the plan is curiously irregular — the north wall of the nave being considerably longer than the south, and the west wall not being at right angles with either (the rectification of this at the east end probably accounts for the set off in the wall there), whilst the inclination of the chancel towards the north is unusually marked. The east wall of the chancel has the unusual arrangement of two ' single-light windows with a blank wall, about 5ft wide, between them. These windows have semicircular heads, but the inside arches are very slightly pointed, and indicate a Transitional tendency. The two single-light windows in the south wall and one in the north, on the other hand, are slightly pointed, both inside and outside. Both east end and side windows have the early feature of wide inside splays carried round the arches — the i arches of the side windows (only) are slightly depressed by keeping the centres from which they are struck at a point below the springing level. There are traces of coeval colour decorations of the masonry | pattern on one of these windows. A thirteenth century window exists in the north wall of the nave ! near the east end, but the outer part of this has undergone some seventeenth or eighteenth century modernising ; nearly opposite this a two-light window of fourteenth century date has been inserted I in the south wall — this has lost the outside label, which it obviously once possessed. (The new two-light window in the western part of this wall has been very wisely put higher — so as not to disturb the older wall.) The north and south doorways of the nave are probably coeval ! with the walls, although the outside of the one in the north wall, now blocked up, was altered a century later. The three-light square-headed window in the west end, which retains its old stanchion and saddle bars, is an insertion of fifteenth century date. The chancel arch, which spanned the whole width of the chancel, ' had been destroyed before the recent restoration of the Church, By C. E. Pouting, F.S.A. 131 when the present one was built, together with the vestry, porch, the roofs throughout and the turret. The latter takes the place of a comparatively modern and poor one which previously existed on the west gable. The font is a plain circular bowl of the tapered type with roll moulding on the lower edge, standing on a circular shaft sot on a square base. It is doubtless coeval with the structure. There are rude sundials cut at the following points : — One on the south-east quoin of the nave. One on the jamb of the south window of the nave. Two on the south-east quoin of the chancel. Ogbourne. S. Andrew. Plan, clerestoried nave of two bays, with aisles continued further westward ; west tower ; chancel ; south porch. A peculiarity which strikes one approaching this Church is that it is placed within 6ft. of the west boundary of the churchyard, and this circumstance seems to have had great influence in its plan. The nave originally consisted of three bays of Norman work, but when a western tower was desired — there not being room to project it beyond the nave — it was built forward into it, absorbing the western bay and part of the next. This reduced the nave to its present length of two bays, the aisles maintaining their original dimensions. The arcades appear to be almost coeval with one another, and consist of semicircular arches with broad inner and shallow outer order (the former on the north side only having a small chamfer) without labels. The central column on each side is cylindrical, with square abacus and moulded base ; the capitals of the two vary, but both are enriched with stiff conventional carving, and the date may be put at 1130 — 1150. The eastern respond of the north arcade has angle shafts, whilst that of the south has the angles simply rounded off. The aisles were doubtless erected soon after the arcades, and practically the whole of the walls of the south aisle and the western part of the north aisle remain unaltered, including the very 132 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough. interesting Transitional south doorway, the arch of which is semi- circular and enriched by Early English mouldings and a dog-tooth member in the label, the jambs having early-looking angle shafts. The north doorway (visible only on the outside) was evidently re-built and the jambs re- worked when the aisle was re-modelled, and the chevron label does not fit its present position. The string at the east end of the south aisle probably indicates the original height of this wall. The chancel must have been erected soon after the completion of the nave and aisles, but it marks a distinct advance in the transition to the Early English, although the flat pilaster-like buttresses (with splayed plinths) overlapping the angles only, prevent its being considered as a specimen of that style fully developed. There are two lancets with inside curtain arches in the north wall and a similar one with semi circular-headed priest's door on the south. Westward of the latter is a coeval window, with square head outside and a pointed arch inside, where the western jamb is widely splayed off, and although there is now no trace of the shutter rebate I have no doubt that this is a specimen of the " Sanctus " window (a term I consider as more exactly defining its use than the more usual terms " leper " or " low- side window ") and the wide splay was for the greater convenience of the attendant at the bell. In the south wall of the sanctuary is a double piscina cut in the top of a Norman capital built into a shouldered-arched recess which is evidently coeval with the wall, and the Early English string-course is stepped up over it. There is no work of the Decorated period in the Church with the exception, perhaps, of the east window, but this was much renewed at the almost entire re-building of the east end of the chancel in 1873 ; if this is a copy of the old one the latter was an insertion of early in the fourteenth century. The tower is a good specimen of the work of the second quarter of the fifteenth century, and the restriction imposed by the limits of the consecrated ground is distinctly marked in its design. The tower was built forward into the nave, with arches on three sides communicating with nave and aisles ; buttresses were carried out By 0. E. Pontine F.S.A. 133 into the aisles to resist the thrust of the eastern arch, and in order to lessen the obstruction thus caused each of these is pierced by a squint opening, and splayed off at the eastern angle. The arches are of three orders of mouldings, the outer two carried down the jambs and the inner one carried on shafts. The lower stage of the tower is vaulted in stone with good foliated bosses at the inter- sections. The three-light west window has the outside string carried over it as a label, and beneath it is a door which must have been introduced more as a conventional feature, or for ritual uses, than as a public entrance, as it comes within 6ft. of the boundary of the churchyard. There is a two-light window, with label, in each face of the belfry, and a two-light one (without label) in the south wall of the middle stage. In the east wall of the belfry near the north-east angle is a small opening, evidently for the sanctus bell, which probably superseded the earlier sanctus window in the chancel, and marks of the gudgeon and a guide for the rope are traceable. There is a good embattled parapet without pinnacles. The stair turret is square on the outside and is carried to the top ; it was formerly entered from the south aisle. This on the south and the diagonal buttress on the north cut into the west walls of the aisles, and the extent to which the latter were re-built to con- struct them is clearly traceable. Following this came the almost entire re-building of the north aisle, with one two-light and one three-light square-headed window, and the insertion of two similar three-light windows in the south aisle. There is no buttress to either, the re-built parts following the older in this respect. At about the same time a clerestory was added to the nave, with two two-light square-headed windows on each side. The font is of doubtful date, and probably only the middle part is old, but this has had a new surface given to it. There is a stoup cut in the inside east jamb of the south doorway. There are traces of colour decoration on the inside tower buttresses. In the tracery of the easternmost window of the south aisle is a bit of fifteenth century glass representing a chalice ; in that of the other side window in this aisle is another piece representing a shield bearing 134 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough. the emblems of the Passion — the cross enriched by crown of thorns, the hammer, pincers, and two nails. The original fifteenth century roofs remain over the nave and; aisles (that of the north aisle having stone corbels), but that of the chancel is new — together with the chancel arch, seating, pulpit, &c. On the north wall of the chancel is an interesting monument | bearing bust effigies of William Goddard, of Ogbourne St. Andrew, Gent., and Elizabeth his wife, contained within a circular panel, and kneeling figures of their children below — four sons and foun daughters, with a, desk between. The children died in the order i in which they were born, and the monument was erected in 1655 by Thomas, the youngest son, who appears to have adopted a some- what earlier type than that which then prevailed. Within the fence of the churchyard, although it is supposed not on consecrated ground, is a round barrow, which was opened in 1885 by Mr. W. Cunnington, F.G.S., when nearly twenty skeletons were found with feet towards the east — these were presumed to be mediaeval interments without coffins, and if so seem to cast a doubt ! on the statement that the ground here is not consecrated. Near the centre was found the body of a man in a straight wooden coffin of fir, bound with iron clamps — this was supposed to be a Saxon burial. There were many burnt bones of an adult wrapped in a woven cloth, a flint knife, a food vessel, a flint arrow-head, and! other implements, and on the floor of the barrow abundant traces; of cremation. There are four bells, the tenor being a mediseval one (probably i fifteenth century), bearing the black-letter inscription*^ tnttftt?tt$1 SfrOttmu*.1 The others are dated 1630, 1661, and 1719 res- j pectively. Ogbourne. S. George, The plan of this Church consists of nave and aisles of three bays ; I chancel, with the aisles continued one bay in length on each side j as chapels ; south porch ; and western tower. 1 Illustrated, Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. ii., p. 58. By C. E. Pouting, F.S.A. 135 The oldest part is the south arcade of the nave, which may be put at about the end of the twelfth century. The columns are cylindrical (the responds being demi-columns) , all with circular abacus and base moulds of advanced section and stiff foliated carving. The arches are of two orders of chamfers with labels — probably the Church of this period had no north aisle as there is no trace of early work on that side. Next in date comes the south doorway, which formed part of the original Church, but was replaced here when the aisle was re-built. The mouldings of jamb and label are definitely Early English. Coeval with this (circa 1220) was the erection of the chancel, and the south-east quoin, with its flat buttresses, remains of the early work of this part. The chancel arch is also probably of this date — it has plain splayed jambs with a sinking in the splays of the arch making two orders — no label or impost. Much of this chancel appears to have been re-built in the fourteenth century, when the diagonal buttress at the north-east angle and an intermediate one on the north wall were added, and the tall three-light east window and the two-light north window inserted (these have had their tracery renewed, and much of the adjacent walls has again been re-built in recent times — 1873). In the south wall of the chancel are two sedilia recesses with the seats 3ft. above the present sanctuary floor, and a small piscina eastwards of them 1ft. higher (there is no drain, this part has probably been renewed). From this and from the height of the window sills I conclude that there was a considerable raising of the floor at the east end, which is unusual II where, as in this case, the ground outside slopes in the contrary , direction. A fifteenth century priest's door was inserted in the 1 1 south wall between the buttress and the chapel, but the sill of this If seems to fit the present floor-level of that part of the chancel. I The north arcade of the nave is of two periods of work, both of j the fourteenth century. This aisle, when first added (circa 1330) f appears to have been of two bays in length only, with deep eastern respond, although the south aisle then existing extended the full ' length of the nave, but some fifty or sixty years afterwards it was ! extended one bay westwards, the dcmi-coluum on the west respond 136 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough. and a few inches of the square jamb being retained and a similar1 now part added, making this a pier with a flat pilaster between the two demi-columns. On closer examination it will be seen that, although the earlier capital was copied in the later part, the bases are quite different, the latter being early Perpendicular in type. The columns of both are cylindrical and the moulded capitals follow | the same line. The arches of both parts are of two orders of chamfers without labels. When this lengthening took place the north aisle was entirely re-built, and extended one bay eastwards, forming a chapel with an archway opening into the chancel, the latter having the angles of the eastern jamb splayed off on the chancel side at about the line of sight, for a better view of the high altar, and with the same object the angle of the nave has been also splayed off — although modern repair has to a great extent obliterated it. The aisle has two three-light square-headed windows in the north wall and a similar one in the east and west, diagonal buttresses at the angles and intermediate ones dividing the bays. The thirteenth century north door was here, as on the south, re-set in the re-building. There is a piscina (with drain destroyed) in the east jamb of the arch between chapel and chancel, and over it a squint, with wooden lintels ; a corbel for a figure exists in the east jamb and another lower down on the north side of the altar. Canon Jackson1 (quoting from the Valor Eccles.) refers to this chapel as existing here in 1534, William Elliott, cantarist, value 66s. 8d., and as dedicated to the Holy Trinity. He also states that there was also here an image of the Trinity. When Mr. Kite visited the Church prior to 1860 the brass now at the east end of the nave lay in the pavement of this chapel,2 to which it should be restored. It bears the inscription : — "©ff go' tharitc prag for tfie $ouleg of Vfutma* (Bolrtrartr antr Utoftan hts fotfe fofucii tnorns fcrgetr the wbt) tra» of &ttgttsK a° mbc£bt) o foho* &ouV tint fiabe met "; 1 Wilts Arch. Mag.t vol. x., p. 299. ? Jfilfs Brqtses, p. 47 ♦ By C. E. Pouting, F.8.A. 137 and the effigies of the man and wife. Below are two matrices which contained those of a son and daughter, but both are now lost. Mr. Kite refers to the will, dated 10th April, 1536 (nineteen years after the date of the brass), of a Thomas Goddard, in which the testator desires to be buried in the Parish Church of Ogbourne S. George, " within the chapel of the Holy Trinity before the image of the Trinity." This is probably the son of the persons commemo- rated, but it furnishes additional reason for restoring the brass to its former position. The rebuilding and extension of the north aisle appears to have led to a similar work on the south, where a chapel with arch identical with that on the north opens from the chancel but without piscina and other evidences of an altar. The screen-work in these arches is coeval with the chapels, but it has been made up anew. The arch separating this from the nave aisle is probably modern. There are two three-light square-headed windows in the south wall and one in the east, with a diagonal buttress at the south-east angle and one intermediate one. The west end appears not to have been rebuilt, and the steeper pitch of the earlier aisle can be traced. This aisle has a cornice and parapet — which appears to have been renewed over the chapel. The porch, which was probably added when the aisle was re-built, is of fine proportions, the full height of the aisle wall, with the same parapet continued round, and it is surmounted by the original cross. The doorway has the string course carried over it as a label. There is a tall and narrow opening through the eastern respond of the north arcade, but it is impossible to say whether it is old or modern. In the south respond is a traceried squint. This tower is of three stages of the best period of the Perpendicular — the work being pure and massive. It has a west door with depressed arch to admit of the well-developed three-light window over it, having the string course of the tower carried over it as a label ; there is a two-light pointed window, without label, in each face of the belfry, and a two-light square-headed window in the south wall of the middle stage. There is a stair- turret at the south-east angle, partly absorbing the respond of the south arcade, carried up to the belfry 138 Not ex on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough. only ; tliore are diagonal buttresses at the south-west and north-west angles, extending far up the belfry stage and with six set-offs, and the tower is surmounted by a cornice with good gargoyles and parapet, without pinnacles. The south-west buttress is rounded off at one angle, the corbelling over to the square above being carved to represent an angel borne on clouds, holding a shield bearing some symbol now mutilated and indistinguishable. The reason for this treatment is very difficult to surmise, as there can have been no passage way round this corner of the buttress. I can only conclude that as a cell of the priory probably existed where the present manor-house stands, this figure was carved as an object to face the approach to the Church. The floor of the tower was formerly one step above that of the nave — not two, as at present. The usual accompaniment to a fifteenth century western tower was the addition of a clerestory to the nave, and this was carried out here, with three two-light square-headed windows on each side. The font has been so refaced as to make it impossible to say whether it is new or old, but as there is a Jaoobean oak cover which fits it, I conclude that it is coeval with the tower. There is a niche over the south door also of fifteenth century date, but with modern appearance: There is a good twelve-branch candelabrum, with the inscription : "The gift of Mr. Jno. Bennet to the Parish Church of Ogbourne St. George, 1788"; and his shield blazoned with a chevron and three crowns. There is an old sundial cut on the south-east quoin of the porch, also a later one in the gable. An old sundial also exists low down on the south buttress of the chancel, but as it is set with the lines pointing upwards it is clear that it must have been inverted in the partial re-building of the chancel, above referred to, in 1873. There is a very heavy peal of five bells, at various dates from 1603 to 1652. The Church has modern roofs throughout. I cannot leave this fine Church without pointing to it as an ex- ample of what to avoid in the restoration of an old building — here, By C. E. Pouting, F.S.A. 139 all the stonework has been scraped to a degree which I have never seen paralleled, and much valuable evidence of the history of the Church has consequently been lost. We must make every allowance for the early period at which this was done, and if the restorers of that time only teach us to be more careful now they will not have laboured in vain. Canon Jackson states1 that at about 1149 the manors and Churches of the two Ogbournes were given by Maud, daughter and heiress of Robert D'Oiley, to Bee Herlewyn Abbey, in Normandy, and that a cell of monks was placed at Ogbourne S. Andrew, but tradition places the site of this house at Ogbourne S. George, west of tho Church, where the Manor-house now stands, and the old-buttressed walls, some parts of which are certainly of pre- Reformation character, seem to confirm this. Great Bedwyn. S. Mary. The ecclesiastical history of this important parish has been fully set forth by the Rev. J, Ward, in 1859 ( Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. vi., p. 267), and as I am not able to add to it I will only here mention a few main items. A Saxon Church must have existed on this site, for Domesday Book states that a priest held the Church of Bedvynde, having succeeded his father, who had held it before the Conquest ; a prebend of Bedwyn existed in the Cathedral of Old Sarum. The parish originally contained over fourteen thousand acres of land, and there were five chapels in connection with the Church, besides those founded in the building itself: — (1) S. Nicholas, at Grafton, which stood in the field nearly opposite the new Church, but, having been ruined for centuries, its foundations were dug up in 1844. In 1846 a beautiful fifteenth century pax of latten (gilt) was found near the site and is now in the Wiltshire Museum at Devizes. (2) S. Martin, Chisbury ; and (3) a chapel (dedication unknown) at Knowle — both of which buildings we visited this morning. (4) S. Michael, Little Bedwyn, now the Parish Church. 1 Wilts Arch. Mag, vol x., p. 299. VOL. XXVIII. — NO. LXXXIII, 140 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough. (5) A chapel (? S. Martin) at Marten, long destroyed, the foun- dations and other relics of which were discovered in 1858. The parish Church is in plan regularly cruciform, consisting of nave and aisles of four bays, north and south transepts, and chancel, with tower at the intersection. There is no trace of the Saxon building, which was probably of wood, and the Church does not appear to have been re-built in stone until nearly a century after the Conquest, when the present arcados between the nave and aisles were erected. These are beautiful specimens of the Norman style at the time when the transition to the Early English first began to make itself felt. This influence is seen here in the pointed arches (a feature in itself, however, not necessarily Transitional) , and the character of some of the carving of caps and bases. The chevron on the outer order of the arches, the section of the labels with the billet-mould on them, the cylin- drical columns with square abaci, and the ornamentation of some of the capitals are distinctly Norman. The capitals all vary in design, and are exceedingly rich and well-preserved, and it is to be regretted that so much of the interest of this work has been lost by the re- moval of the tool-marks by scraping. It will be seen that the circular bases stand on square plinths about 5in. thick ; on the north side there is a chamfered course below this, and these are doubtless hidden on the south side by the levelling up of the floor, and there is no doubt that the floor sloped from north to south, following the natural fall of the ground ; this is confirmed by the fact that the arches on the south spring fully 4in. below those on the north. The part next in order of date is the chancel, which is divided by buttresses, with three set-offs, into two wide bays, each having two single-light windows on each side, and one narrow bay at the west end with one window on each side. These latter windows are very perfect specimens of the " sanctus," or ' ' low-side window," each having a transom at the level of the sills of the other windows, and the opening continued some 3ft. below this, the lower part being rebated for a shutter on the inside. The low-side window having a special narrow bay allotted to it is quite a distinct feature. There is a priest's door just eastward of the south window. (I deduce By C. E. Pontimj, F.S.A. 141 from the circumstance of the existence of a low-side window on each side that the houses of the village in the thirteenth century — as at present — were ranged on the north and south of the Church and of the river.) All these windows have trefoil heads with the Decorated 1 ' wave-mould " on the edge, and this (except in one case) is con- tinued along the sills ; they also have chamfered curtain arches on the inside. The windows are unusually tall and narrow. The buttresses standing square at the angles are gabled. On the inside there is a beautiful piscina in the south wall of the sacrarium, worked on the same stones with the window ; it has a bowl carved with a free type of foliage, and an ogee label with rather more conventional oak-leaf crockets and a terminal consisting of a bird (or animal ?) holding a bunch of leaves in its mouth. I put the chancel work at circa 1250 — 1260, and it is an interesting example of the transition to the Decorated. The walls are built of flint, originally plastered on the outside, and the dressings are of Chilmark stone. The present east window is modern, and the gable over it has been re-built, but there are indications of the original one, and an engraving of the Church previous to its restoration shows a three- light window with simple tracery. It is open to conjecture what was the tower which came between this late Norman nave and thirteenth century chancel, and I conclude that the Norman Church was also cruciform, and that it also had a central tower, which was taken down when the present one was built. This was done, together with the north and south transepts, in the early half of the fourteenth century. Mr. Ward states that the transepts were built by Sir Adam de Stokke, who died in early manhood in 1313, but he does not state his authority for this. The character of the work would have led me to put it some twenty years later than this date, and I am led to question whether it was not carried out as a memorial to Stokke, rather than by him. Mr. Ward puts the tower later, but I think there can be no doubt that the arches are coeval and that the superstructure is a con- tinuation of the same work after the completion of the transepts. The whole of this part of the Church is elaborately designed, and executed with the utmost care ; the walls are faced with cut and l 2 142 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough. coursed Hints, after the manner so usual in the eastern counties, which (unlike those of the chancel) were always exposed, and the ■ interstices are filled with flint chippings, and never appear to have been pointed. The transepts are uniform in plan and design, and have gabled buttresses standing square at the angles, built entirely of wrought Bath stone, as also is the splayed base carried round the whole, including the buttresses. In the gable of each is a three-light window with tracery of refined design, neither quite " Geometrical," nor quite " Flowing," but a compromise between the two ; the outer arches are of ogee form, the label springs from corbel-heads, and following the same line finishes in a foliated terminal. In the west wall is a two-light window more geometrical in design, with pointed arch. In the east wall are two similar windows. All these have moulded inside curtain arches. The old roof corbel-heads remain, representing, in the north transept, two kings and one bishop in the east wall, and two bishops and one king in the west ; the inverse order being followed in the south transept. In the south wall of the south transept is a recessed tomb of two bays of moulded two-centred segmental arches ; in the east bay is the effigy of a knight — said to represent Sir Adam de Stokke — cross-legged, wearing chain armour ; under the western bay is a Purbeck slab bearing the matrix of a brass cross and an indistinct inscription which is thus preserved by Stukeley : — " Eoger . de . Stocre . chev . ici . gycht . Deu . de . sa . alme . eyt . merci." — to the memory of Sir Eoger de Stokke, supposed to be a son of Sir Adam. (This appears to support my opinion that the transepts were erected after the death of the founder.) The back of the latter recess is traceried, while the former is plain. In the south-east angle is the bowl of a piscina consisting of a head with oak leaves growing out of the mouth and branching off from the nose ; over it is the canopy (the terminal being a copy in plaster of the one in the chancel), both have been removed from their former position. The arches of the tower crossing are of two orders of chamfers carried down the piers, the arches are acutely pointed, and this especially in the case of those on the east and west sides, which are narrower than the others ; all have labels with terminals of heads By C. E. Pouting, F.S.A. 143 or nice flowing carving. The belfry stage stands clear above the roofs, and has a two-light window in each face of a more simple and rather later type than those of the transept, and chamfered labels with square returns. The cornice has numerous outlets for water, and is surmounted by a high and rather weak-looking pierced parapet without pinnacles. The Norman tower must have been of nearly the same size from east to west as the present one, as the thirteenth century chancel, which was built against it, supports the buttresses of the fourteenth century tower. (The turret-staircase giving access to the belfry is modern, as also is the vestry.) > During the latter half of the fourteenth century the north and south aisles and the west front were re-built (and the latter was again almost entirely re-built in 1854, when a new doorway was put in place of a smaller old one, and the west window was reduced in height and a new window inserted in the end of the north aisle.) The wrest window of the nave has tracery of the reticulated type, and that of the south aisle is a three-light square-headed one with the cusping cut out of the head in a peculiar manner. There are three similar windows in the south wall. A large thirteenth century cross, built into the west wall, was found in re-building the but- tresses here. An old engraving shows a small door in the west end of the north aisle and a quatref oil window over, both of which have been removed. The north aisle has no buttress except at the angle, and there are four two-light pointed windows of Transitional type on the north side. The south aisle has three buttresses, one of which bears this inscription slightly incised on the face : — - II EA EA II 1684 R.A. When the tower and transepts were built the nave retained its high-pitched roof, the drip-mould of which can be seen on the transept walls ; a clerestory with three square-headed windows on each side was added to the nave in the fifteenth century, and the walls were built against the earlier tower buttresses. The engraving before referred to shows the nave with the low-pitched roof of this period. All the roofs in the Church date from 1854, and we now 144 Azotes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough. have a high-pitched roof of early type on a late clerestory. On the west respond of the north arcade is cut a late fourteenth century panel with traceried head enshrining a figure in low relief of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Child enthroned — traces of red, blue and gold colouring remain. Parts of the late fourteenth century rood-screen (which was only recently removed) are now used to screen off the west end of the south aisle. It is a pity that this was not restored, rather than it should have given place to the low iron screen now existing. The font is modern. Amongst the monuments in the Church are one to Sir John Seymour, father of Jane Seymour, who died 1536 ; a brass to his son, John Seymour, who died 1510 ; another to the memory of Edward Lord Beauchamp, 1612. The Seymours formerly used the Priory Church at Easton as a place of interment, but in 1590, the Priory Church having become ruined, Edward Earl of Hertford removed the body of his grandfather, Sir John Seymour, to Great Bedwyn, and erected the altar-tomb now in the chancel bearing his recumbent effigy. The remains of John, his son, were probably removed to Bedwyn at the same time, also a Purbeck slab which contains his brass. The shaft, capital and base of the churchyard cross of fifteenth century date still exist. It stands on three steps, the lower of which is the usual " bench-table." The base is square with stops. The shaft is also square where it is mortised into this and worked to an octagon above. On the south face (towards the Church) is the carved figure of a mitred Bishop (not the Blessed Virgin Mary, as Mr. Ward supposed,) under a fiat canopy with his feet resting on an animal which looks like a lamb. The head of the cross has been destroyed, and its place is occupied by a seventeenth century sun- dial, with traces of eight gnomons, with an iron cross on it. Little Bedwyn. S. Michael. Plan : — nave, with north and south aisles, south porch, chancel (with modern vestry) , and western tower. This was formerly a chapelry of Great Bedwyn, and was By C. E. Pouting, F.S.A. 145 made a parish Church, and 4234 acres of land cut off as a separate parish, in 1405. The erection of the Church preceded by a few years the re-building of the nave of Great Bedwyn. The nave arcade here may be put at about 1160; it consists of three bays of semicircular arches of two square orders with billet-mould label, supported by cylindrical columns with carved capitals. The abaci of the western respond and the column next to it are canted off at the angles, but the rest are square. The south arcade is a little later, and is divided into four bays ; the arches are pointed and the orders chamfered, but the labels are like those on the north. The western respond and the adjoining column have capitals with circular abaci, and the respond capital is carved ; the next column eastward has an octagonal abacus, and the capital is carved with heads. The arch at the easternmost respond is carried on a fluted corbel (possibly to admit of a better view of the altar from the aisle) . The archway into the western tower is probably a little later still — say 1200, and consists of three orders of chamfers carried on arch and jambs with plain chamfered abacus and base. The chancel arch is poor, and consists of two orders of small chamfers — probably thirteenth century in date. The Church as then built was doubtless the same in plan as at present, and no alteration appears to have taken place until the middle of the fifteenth century (soon after this became a parish Church), when the tower, the north and south aisles, and chancel were re-built from the ground and the south porch erected. Tee tower is of four stages in height with diagonal buttresses and stone spire. A parapet must have existed at the base of the spire, but this has disappeared. The west window and the four belfry windows are each of two lights with square head. This is the only instance of a spire in this neighbourhood, the next instance westward is Bishops Cannings, at the end of the Pewsey Vale. Both of these are in the valley, and the spires might have been added on that account to give prominence to the Churches. The chancel has a three-light pointed east window, and one two- light and one single-light window in each side ; also a piscina, in the south wall. The aisles have north and south doorways (with a 146 The Gravestone of Ilbert de Chaz. niche over the latter on the outside), and square-headed two-light windows without cusping on the head. Near the east end of the eouth aisle is a thirteenth century piscina (which must have been re-inserted here) with shelf, but part of the bowl has gone. A corbel has been inserted in the south-east angle. The entire building (except the spire) is faced with flint, and has dressings of Bath stone, of which also the whole spire is constructed. The vestry and the roofs throughout the Church are modern with the exception of that of the south aisle, which is fifteenth century and coeval with the walls.1 The peal consists of four bells, two of which were cast at Aid- bourne, by James Wells, in 1581. \t (Srafastcn* of %\hxt k Clja^. By C. H. Talbot. ^t|^ECENT works of restoration, to the chapter-house of Lacock jlj^ll Abbey, obliged me to move the gravestone of Ilbert. de Chaz from the position which it appears to have occupied since 1744, when it was presented to my ancestor, Ivory Talbot, by Lord Webb Seymour. It will now be returned to Monkton Farleigh, to which place it historically belongs, to be preserved among the other remains of that priory, in the possession of Sir Charles Hobhouse.2 Before parting with the stone, I have drawn up a note on the original and repeated inscription, for publication in the Magazine. The best representation of the stone that has been published is, I believe, the lithograph illustrating Canon Jackson's " History of the Priory of Monkton Farley" 3 1 I saw this Church before its restoration, and I regret to find that the carving of ,the capitals has lost much of its interest by scraping — a new surface having been produced. 2 Since this was written, the stone has been taken to Monkton Farleigh. 3 Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. iv., p. 283. The principal omission is the tail of the Q., in the large inscription, which should be shown as a detached stroke, und«r the following letter B. By C. 1L Talbot. 147 The inscription (expanding the oontraetions) is as follows : — H1C IACET ILBERTVS DB CHAZ BONITATE KEFERTVS QVI CVM BROTONA DEBIT HIC PERPLVRIMA DONA. which commemorates the grant, by the deceased, to Monkton Farleigh Priory, of land, in the parish of Bronghton Griff or d, which still bears the name of Monkton. The only point which has been disputed, in the inscription, is whether ohaz or chat is the right reading. I hope to be able to show that the former is correct. The memorial is of the twelfth century, and the original inscription is cut, on the flat upper surface of the stone, in an extraordinarily contracted manner (letter within letter), and, if it were not already known, would be very difficult to read. Partly for this reason, in all probability, it has been re- cut, with only a few contractions, in the hollow of the moulding on the edge of the stone, the first part of this added inscription, however, being on a second stone. When this was done, the whole monument probably stood against a north wall. Canon Jackson says : — " It was found north-west of the chancel, and, from the way in which the marginal inscription is cut, evidently stood against the church wall ; perhaps was built into the wall under an arch. When found, it looked 'like a seat ' in the north angle." The late Prebendary J. Wilkinson, in his " History of Bronghton Gifford" 1 who describes the stone erroneously as being in the refectory of Lacoek Abbey, instead of the chapter-house, says : — " Mr. Bowles in his History of Lacock (or rather Mr. Nichols, who did all the real work in the book) is of opinion that the name of the person commemoraicd is different in the two inscriptions. He supposes it z in the original, and t in the copy. Careful examination leads me to the conclusion that it is t in both, and that the apparent difference in the original inscription solely arises from a slip of the tool (probably owing to the grain of the stone and the unskilfulne?s of the artist) in forming the lower part of the letter." This is a little hard on the sculptor. He then adds, in a note : — "The letters Hie Jacei Ilbc, are now in the same straight line with the re;;t of the inscription, but their original position was clearly at the head ; where they could, from the deep shade in which that part of the tomb lies at Lacock, have hardly been decyphered." Now this is entirely a mistake. It was evident, as the monument 1 Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. v., p. 329 148 The Gravestone of Ilbert de Chaz, stood, that two stones, and apparently two only, viz., the original slab and the small piece, added at the head, had been brought from Monkton Farleigh, and placed on a large stone, which proved to be an old stone coffin, cut down, and that, in order apparently to make it fit the latter, the small added stone had been reduced, so that the first letter h of the second inscription is missing. When the added stone was detached, in moving the monument, the original moulding was found remaining, at the head of the slab, and uninscribed as at first worked. Mr. Wilkinson also failed to detect an error in the " History of Lacock " which tells against his own views. The author (Mr. John Grough Nichols) says : — 1 "The name of the party is in the smaller inscription spelt chat, though in the larger the final letter is clearly different, and may be safely read as z, which orthography is supported by the charters of Monkton Parley, printed in Dugdale's Monasticon." This statement, regarding the smaller inscription, is erroneous. No doubt it is so shown in the lithograph that accompanies the text, but anyone who examines the stone may see that the letter in dispute is, in the smaller inscription, distinctly and intentionally different from the letter t. In the larger inscription, also, it is distinctly different from the letter t ; but, in fact, it is the smaller inscription that furnishes the strongest evidence that it was in- tended for some other letter. This is also distinctly shown in the lithograph in the Magazine. I should suppose that Mr. Wilkinson must have refreshed his memory by referring to the lithograph in the History of Lacock, which is much less accurate than the other, and which shows the beginning of the smaller inscription as if it returned round the head of the stone, without any explanation that it is so arranged simply in order to get it into the plate, and even represents the missing letter h as remaining. Mr. Nichols gives an extract from a confirmation charter of Humfrey and Margaret de Bohun, to Farleigh Priory, in which these words occur : — " Prsaterea concedimus eis et confirmamus Broctonam quam Ilbertus d* Chas eis dedit, &c." 1 Bowles and Nichols, History of Lacock Abbey, p, 354. Lists of Non-Parochial Registers and Records. 149 The original charter is printed at length in Dugdale's Monasticon, from the Register of the Priory of Lewes, to which Farleigh was a Cell, which Register, in 1650, was in the possession of John Selden. Mr. Nichols also gives 1 the following additional particulars : — " Ilbert de Chaz held lands of the Bohuns in Normandy as well as in England. Cats, the place from which he derived his name, is a parish in the arrondissement of St. Lo, and canton of Carentan. St. Georges and St. Andre de Bohon are parishes in the same canton. The following charter 2 from the cartulary of the neighbouring Abbey of .Montbourg, has been communicated by Mr. Stapleton : 1 Notum sit omnibus presentibus et futuris quod ego Ilbertus de Caz do et concedo in perpetuam elemosinam abbatie s'c'e Marie Montisburgi, ecclesiam de Caz, cum omnibus ad earn pertinentibus, libere et quiete, pro salute anime mee et omnium antecessorum meorum, concedeutibus domino meo Unfrido de Bohun, et nepotibus meis Willelmo de Greinvill et Bartholomeo le Bigot, et ut firma sit imperpetuum rnec donatio signo dominice crucis banc chartam confirmo et munio coram subscripts testibus, Ilberto -f Unfrido de Bohun, Bartholomeo le Bigot, et multis aliis. ' (fol. 104.)" Assuming that the Ch in Chaz was pronounced hard (like /»*), it will be seen that the three known variations, in spelling, of the name, viz., Cats, Caz, and Chaz, would not differ much in sound- Uists of fjbn*|)aroc{!t&I Registers anir °§tmh now in the custody of the Registrar-General of Births, Deaths, and Marriages, pursuant to the Act of the 3rd and 4th Victoria, cap. 92. London : printed by W. Clowes & Sons, Stamford Street, for Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1841. Copied and Communicated by Mr. A. Colbman. The following pages contain so muck of the Lists as relates to Wiltshire : — 3 At the end of the extracts will be found a copy of the table of contents of the lists. 1 Bowles and Nichols, p. 373. 2 Canon Jackson has given a translation of this charter (Wilt* Arch. Mag., vol. iv., p. 282, note.) 3 At the time of the introduction of the system of civil registration (by statute f 6 and 7 Will. IV., cap. 86) a Commission was issued for enquiring into the state and authenticity of any registers other than parochial, which then existed, with the result that about, seven thousand registers were discovered These registers were, pursuant to the Act 3 and 4 Vict., cap. 92, entitled " An Act for enabling Courts of Justice to admit Non- Parochial Registers as Evidence of Births or Baptisms, Deaths or Burials, and Marriages," placed under the care of the Registrar-General, and are receivable as evidence in courts of justice. — A.C. 150 Lists of N on- Parochial Registers and Records. COCOCOOOCMCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOOOCOCOCOCO OOOOOOt^CX)OOQOCX)JOOOOOQOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOG J>. fr^. CO CD t>. 00 CO co co co eo co O O 00 00 00 OO 00 00 00 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Oi O N(N 1(5 N kflO05 00t)O>e»Ol>H!0O505« NOiCNQONOSMCMOOHmtOQOOKMOOOH 00t>O0J>-i>.00t^00 00 00 00 00 Q0t<-i>-t^00i>00QO I I I I I I I r-l IM O H (M CO O I O t>» 00 00 Oi 00 00 oo ^ i>. b» l>. ! rH H rH rH r-, rH j a S 1 1 ooooo2°4Qoo2ooaso3oooo s a a g.2 a § a a a a s in Vi oo .2 os .S «° t» oo ^ oo oo X2 *4j ■*? £H*-£3 *-*-^ "-+2 p, p. pn & *ftp,&,act< c8 tS S 85,5 « ej tS e! n r— I r- rr-< 03 o3 03 =S CJ p P fl C !3 d c3 eS d g oo oo a a p. p. P P c3 c3 a » a a p- P c3 a » » » »i — ■ — p ,p ,P ,p V£ .2 .5 Pi S-i P-i c3 p ci p .ft .ft .ft -ft s ffi .B m -ft -ft -ft -ft .ft * p cT 3 .ft ft * 1 ft p ft 5 *a 8 a g £ 55,1 « t*.2 •§.2 p p © © •— 1 5 £ 3 r^OO 3 g e3 c3 ££££ > 0 CD O rH 05 t» t> 00 00 CD *> p rH rH 8 35 O C ' 00 !>. 4>1 tO rH CO CM ^ CM O O CD CO 00 GO 00 00 P P P © © 03 T3 t3 t3 « P P P a> _ cd g rd HH g rc5 .5 p p p„& p +1 C5 CD O o H © •r-, rrj rcJ re .S rrj P P P p P-i H HH hh Ph hh p^ © p p p © © rrj ^3 P P 02 © © VI 6ft ■g- © © P © 3 rS Ph rH PQ ^ 2 rO P- 02 © © nr! £ »9 fcn p ^ O ;^ rH ^ o P . CO O ^ P a^ « ^ P Cj CD 00 OS O rH rP t^X3 P r-H P^POSrrJ^^CO ©©©>_-; ^DwV0 Q OUU OP CM CO 00 00 00 NNOONOOOOOONNOOOOQOOOOOQOQOQCNOOOOOOOOQO I § a o 1£ o> « 3 £§ S5.S a pq a a co co '43 '43 a. a nd ^d d c ~ e3 * 5 43 -r -a -d t*J CTJ t/J ^ 2 a a a a ao co co co no ' '43 43 '43 '43 43 c$ ci c3 c3 ca pqpqpqpqpq t3 '-cJ ""d ""d rd d a d g d c3 c6 CO CO a a 00 _co 43 '-£3 a a W CQ nd C d ea eg cc pq OOCOCOCOtOGO-rtCOCOcrtCOCO +) 4J +> +: -H 43 43 .-j 43 43 d ?-i Sh d H H pq 0 ! co „ co co a a CO CO '43 '43 a a PP W a d <3 ci a a cs es pqpq d d eS c3 .2 ta oo to oo G ,d ,d ^ m -2 -p 43 43 43 rd o .9 n be -g^m-s « a ^ * 55 Q If be Jh CD _2 «^d ^ a> d -5 -d , • o <^HP4^-5 g a 3 s a e3 >itZ3 ,00 1-5 S M "d i IS s.2 CO 00 O 00 CO 00 (M iC t— I CO CO . 00 CC t>. HOO <>• CO (M CO rH i-H 00 CO 00 00 00 O i>» O X- OO *>» HO W tr^ t>. 00 00 * d >*> CP ra a a. PQ 43 4J -P -*J d d d d d CU CD CP CD (D T3 ' d d d d d ~% CD CD CP CD CD .S a a a a a -g CP CD CD CD CD a-Td h3 t) t3 «5 d d d d d 43 -43 4-> d d d CD H CP d d d ^ a a CP CD CD if rd t3 nd a d d d * hh hh i— ( pq d d

■*3 43 d a CD CD d d CD CP a a CD CP d d CO d _pq S 55 ^3 rfi ^3 O d o • % • rd'a3 5 SP =3 ai? «j S a •> dg Es a, o w O QQ Q a CD » cp d CD 2 s d o -° "S .43 03 cO «^ > oj -Q O ,d -d d d o be o a o V * ^ d ffi a tq WM ^ Sr. 43 ."S d hq^3 . . a . c6 B -o ^ I a a a c3 rd'^O be g §pq 00 U3 CO 00 C?^ CM (M CM . CD N O CO N lO N N rH t» N COCOXCOCOrHCOOOCTiCOCO OOO0t>,0OQOQ0aOl>«t>.QOQ0 r- t>. CO CO CO CO 00 GO I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IS 0505l>.0505r— I 00O5 N H(N l>t>.NNt>.Q0JNt>.00 001> I I l>.t>.t>.t>.t>»00GOi>.t>.t>.GO d iH t>. O O r-H 00 GO GO .3 ° o a 5 2 ss-g-.g w Cn M If a a a ew ^ao 1*3 !Xj "43 P-ft ft pqdqpq ""d ""d 2 fl. fl 03 03 03 a a mm a s a 3 a a t3 rc3 * ""d da d ea ce m ea ft pq a OS 3$ r-t ^ 1? ft ft pq ^dja^d^.S^a^.Srd^^ PQW 1 ,r§! 03 03 cl •rj ,£3 5s ,d '-e .a ^ ^ so -a 03 o3 m an a a & a. eo cj pqpq £35 a pqpqpq v ~ a> 3j 2 2^ S .11 *d •SP Is CO *® d a ^5 h-t P "•-9 pq GO -a o a. 2 2 o a o a OS Oi t>» r—i O O O eo ' O — ' CO OS .i>. GO CO d fl a q> O ^a t> d '■ft'!'! ca cs -h pqpqpn pq ft ft d ft e3 pq P> CO T) nd a d rd nd d d a J 9 . . .J . -2 . ^ 3 s "S • ^ oo .as 6 ™ 51 8 fill I i i « r d 0) O) 11 Ol O jj 3) O asa? .^^^ ^ co ^d v ffi CO - oo "73 w -4— ' . — rrr d fx fl>§ CO 13 o e d d -A co -g CO CO CO CO CO ^* CO ^ O i-H t>. t>. t> ;NNOCN CO CO CO CO CO CO CO • CM CO ^ CO 000000X000000000000000000 COvO*>.t>.^COt^l>*00»©fc*»00XOOaOa0a0l>.00O0O0aoa0 I I I I I I I I l I I! I t>-COCMt^CMCO*OCSCOeOOOOiG>J H(N(MlOQONOOH05(NTj(^H 00t>.O0t>.l>.l>.t>.00t>.00.t>.t>.O0 I I I I I II I I I I I I I CCl>CKa?OOOONXOOQO«5-'N JO 21 • as 3 ft 55 «S a a PQ PQ PQ a I a a a i a a a a g g a ^2 -p .5 "J3 .2 -p .£ -P rP 53 ,P .2 .... . . . M •^•b f-J - J Ml -1 ■ » I .ill » . I i i sag aa a>^-§aiffi s £ lO «ONM O CO 00 CM O O Nt> *>. CO i>. *>. 00 £>. QO t>. CO t>. 00 ■J3 J3 53 CQCQ^CQCQ 02 CQ M PQ i ss^se 8 g § g aJe3coc3cS«3«3C30Da3«3c3ai so w_a 1/5 » ^ _g c°"2_pr2 tors ^3 ,p S ^3 ,p ij .p .2 3 .2 rP .3 -£ ■£ ."a tS ■£ s .: S 5 « .2 ■wis « O P P P V CD P P P> Pi q) P PQ bo bo •S « 9 9 oq EH H H t • co eg Pi u .S § i co . a s s I g s o be T3 bo bo -r- r2 173 05C p p EH EhH EH rt to « rP (3 P 1^ C3 «j3 .o.2 M CO 4) O CD &.B B c3 a *Q J d V CO N 00 OS O r-t (M CO to lO Brown, Esq. (which, judging from the costume of the figures in the foreground of the picture, was executed in the middle of the last century), is this inscription : — " The south prospect of S. Mary Magdalene, in ye Parish of Auborne in' North Wiltshire, whose length is 160 feet and the height of ye tower 99 feet. Inscribed to Mr. Thomas Bacon of ye strand London." Aldbourne Feast is held on the Monday next to the feast of S. Mary Magdalene (July 22nd), and so closely in the middle ages was such an event as this bound up with the Church life of each town or village, that it seems almost a certainty to me that S. Mary Magdalene was the patron saint of the twelfth century Church, but that when the great work of building the western tower and re- modelling the whole building took place in the fifteenth century, the Church was hallowed afresh, receiving as its patron saint S. Michael. Aldbourne Church as we now see it bears but little re- semblance to its twelfth century predecessor, which probably was of the usual type and consisted of a nave, north and south aisles of no great width, a low central tower, shallow transepts having apsidal chapels, and an apsidal chancel. As was usually the case the first alterations in the old plan were made at the east end, the apse giving place to the present square- ended chancel in the thirteenth century ; later on the two side chapels were built ; and last of all, in the fifteenth century, the low central tower was taken down and the present Perpendicular piers with arches opening into the transepts, and the magnificent western tower — whose pierced stone Notes on Aldbounie Church, 157 belfry windows remind one of Somersetshire work — built. The north porch with chamber over, and the chapel opening into the south transept through a panelled arch, belong to this period ; the low-pitch wooden roofs with which the Church, with the exception of the chancel, is covered, are good specimens of late Perpendicular woodwork. Entering the Church through the south porch — the upper room of which was at the last restoration unfortunately de- stroyed, though the staircase to it remains — we pass through the fine twelfth century doorway into the nave, the arcades of which furnish us with an interesting example of the slight veneration with which the mediaeval mason treated the work of his predecessor. Three bays of the south arcade remain but little altered from the twelfth century, when they were built, but the north arcade has fared differently — the mouldings have been re-worked at a later period and an entirely fresh character given to them. Against the second pillar of the south arcade stands the font, octagonal on plan, the sides of the bowl being ornamented with a lozenge roughly executed. In the south wall opposite is the niche for a stoup, the bowl of which has disappeared ; close by is the entrance and staircase (the latter blocked up) to the room, now destroyed, which was formed in the upper stage of the south porch. The south transept — locally known as the Upham Aisle, contains the brass of Richard Groddard, of Upham, and Elizabeth, his wife. The date of his death is not filled in on the brass, but his wife's death is recorded as happening on the 14th of July, 1482. Against the east wall of the transept is a large stone monument in the style of the early part of the seventeenth century, with effigies of a Groddard, his wife, three sons, and one daughter, all represented kneeling ; above, on a shield, the arms of Groddard of Upham quartering, apparently, Groddard of East Woodhay. This monument is believed to commemorate Thomas Goddard, who died 1597,1 and his second wife. Above the monument is an old helmet suspended by iron brackets let into the wall but so high up that I was not able to examine it. 1 The date, 1609, given in Wilts Arch. Mag.> vol. xi„ p. 340, is apparently a mistake. M 2 158 Notes on Aldbourne Church. The handsome Jacobean pulpit of wood, which stands against the north pier of the chancel arch, was brought here from Speen, when that Church underwent restoration in 1860. We now come to the chancel ; the three-light east window is modern, but one of the two single-light Early English windows on j either side is old, and the other a restoration. Against the north w'all is an altar-tomb bearing an incised slab ; the inscription which runs round the edge of the slab has been much mutilated. I have been told that a workman rested a ladder on the slab when the new roof was placed on the chancel, and so caused the damage. This incised slab is undoubtedly the finest specimen of this class of! memorial to be found in Wiltshire, and represents John Stone, Yicar of Aldbourne, who died in 15 — . A John Stone was col- lated to the stall of Axford, in Salisbury Cathedral, in 1509, but resigned it two years later, when he accepted the stall of Warminster, which in turn he gave up for the stall of Chardstock in 1517 ; in 1524 we hear of him for the last time as holding the stall of Fordington. The effigy on the slab is that of a priest fully vested, his head resting on a richly-worked cushion, having heavy tassels at three of its corners, his hands supporting a chalice, the bowl of which is unusually large. On the floor close by this monument is a small brass to Henry Frekylton, chaplain of a chantry in the Church, who died the 10th of September, 1508, the symbols of his priestly office — the book of the gospels and a chalice — are depicted on separate pieces of metal let into the stone slab ; the bowl of the chalice has been wrenched off and taken away. Cut into the south wall is a square-headed aumbry. The eastern pier of the arch between the chancel and the north chapel is pierced by a double squint which enabled both the people worshipping and the priest serving at the side altar to see the high altar. In this chapel, which was of old used by the Gruild or Fra- ternity of " Our Lady in Aldbourne," immediately under the double squint just described, is a piscina, the bowl of which is destroyed. In the angle made by the north and east walls is a niche for the figure of the patron saint ; beneath the bracket are carved three fflotes on Aldbourne Church. 159 roses having four outer and four inner petals. Against the north wall is the somewhat singularly adorned tomb with demi-effigies of Edward Walronde, who died in 1617, aged 96, and of his brother William, who died in 1614, aged 84. The tomb is surmounted by the crest of the family ; beneath, on a shield are the arms with supporters. The Waldron's or Walronde's old house is said to have been burnt down. In the present Vicarage house, styled " The Court House," there was held in 1669 one of the largest conventicles in Wiltshire, Mr. Christopher Fowler, Mr. Burges, formerly of Collingbourne Ducis, and Mr. Hughes, formerly of St. Mary, Marlborough, all being non-conformist ministers, gathered to hear them every Sunday and Thursday some three hundred of the townsfolk and neighbours. The rood-screen which divided the chancel from the nave has long since disappeared, but the upper doorway, through which access was obtained to the loft, remains, though now walled up, in the north pier of the chancel arch above the pulpit. A screen made up of old portions of woodwork has been placed across the entrance to the south chapel from the transept. This chapel is now used as a vestry and organ- chamber, and contains the memorial slab of a former Vicar. The earliest register dates from 1637. The fine western tower contains a peal of eight bells. Two are pre-Eeformation bells, and bear the following inscriptions. On the one ;— " Stella J^lana maris : gucotrre : pugttaa : ttdfote " ; on the other : — " »J< SftttOttat : 0e : Cell's : bo? : Campatte : MiflwUft : Bens : propttt'u* : mo a't'afms : i&tcfiartrt : (Botrartr: qurmtram: tre. Wtphzm <®li}&httf\: n g£U>afcetfi: nxovum : rtuss : an a't'atmg o't'm: U'fcerorum: et: parentum : £wornm : qui : lianc : rampanam : Ken • fetcrunt : anno : iB'ttt : yxtttttfbi." A hand-bell, bearing this inscription : — "© ffiatn Uct ntementa met. 3f. pfeQOten tttUly," was found in the walls of an old house at Aldbourne in 1854, and was carefully preserved by W. Brown, Esq. The present clock face was fixed on the tower in the Jubilee yeaj of Queen Victoria- 100 Richard Jefferies — Bibliographical Addenda. Externally the tower sadly lacks its finishing features, the missing pinnacles should he replaced. Internally, the stone corbels am springers to sustain the vaulting remain close under the floor of the ringing- chamher, but I doubt if ever the vaulting was completed Several memorial slabs collected from all parts of the Church have been placed on the floor of the tower. The cross on the green was restored in the last century, when thd head was placed as we now see it to serve as a sun-dial. An iror^ lamp has been recently fixed to the stem of the cross, which I mud! hope will be removed. By Geobge E, Daetnell. f Continued from vol. xxvii., p. 99.,/ ^gfl^HESE few pages consist entirely of additions to the biblio- |p t|R| graphical section of my previous article. To the other sections I need add nothing here, as the subject has been very fully dealt with of late by abler pens than mine. I have to express my indebtedness to Mr, EL S. Salt, for much land assistance as regards magazine and other articles which had escaped my own notice, and also to Dr. S. A. Jones, for a very useful list of the American editions. If any reader of this Magazine can inform me where and when the article on Savemake Forest, quoted by Mr. Besant in the Eulogy, was originally published, I shall be much obliged to him, as up to the present time it has proved impossible to ascertain 'anything definite about it. By George E. DartneU. 161 Books. Suez-cide. The full title should be given : — " Suez-tide, or How Miss Britannia bought a dirt}/ puddle, and lost her sugar plums." Price 3c?. A forgery of this pamphlet was in circulation in 1893, but was soon exposed by experts. The Gamekeeper at Home. Add : — American Edition. Roberts Bros., Boston, 1879, with, fac- simile illustrations ; also English-printed copies, having Roberts Bros', imprint on title page. Wild Life. Add :— Originally appeared in Pall Mall Gazette. New Edition, 1892, American 2nd Edition, 1889. Amateur Poacher. Add .-— Originally appeared in Pall Mall Gazette. Other Editions, 1880, 1893. American Edition, English-printed, with Roberts Bros* . imprint on title page. Round about a Great Estate. Add :— Originally appeared in Pall Mall Gazette, New Edition, 1891. American Edition, English-printed, with Roberts Bros', imprint. Wood Magic. Add New Edition. Longmans. Crown 8vo, 1893, with frontispiece and vignette by E. V, B., in Silver Library, pp. 379. 3s. Qd. American Edition. Cassell & Co., New York, 1881. Two vols, in one, without separate title page to vol. ii, 162 Richard Jefferies — Bibliographical Addenda. Nature near London. Add : — Second Edition was in 1883, third in 1887. New Editions, 1891, 1892. The Story of My Heart. Add . — American Edition, Roberts Bros., 1883. Red Deer. Add: — English editions circulate in America. The Life of the Fields. Add:— New Editions, 1889, 1891, 1892. After London. Add :— American Edition, Oassells, 1885. The Open Air. Add :— New Editions, 1888, 1892. American Edition, Harper Bros., 1886. Amaryllis at the Fair. Add:— American Edition, Harper Bros., 1887. Field and Hedgerow. Add :— English editions circulate in America. Toilers of the Field. Add . ~~ New Edition. Crown 8vo, with portrait from bust, in Silver Library, 1894. 3s. M. Magazine Articles, &c, not yet reprinted 1872. History of Swindon. Add : — "Antiquities of Swindon and Us Neighbourhood — Upper Up nam, cap. iv." appeared in Swindon Advertiser, 4th November, 1872, and exhibits much advance in style since the History of Malmesbury. By George E. Dartnell. 163 1873. Swindon, its History and Antiquities. Add : — This paper was read at the Wilts Archaeological Society's Meeting at Swindon, 16th September, 1873, and published in their Magazine for March, 1874. The date quoted iu Mr. Salt's Bibliography should, therefore, be corrected from 1884 to 1874. 1874. A Railway Accidents Bill [Frasers~\. The Size of Farms [New Quarterly]. 1875. Field-faring Women. [This appeared in Frascrs.] Women in the Field [Graphic]. 1877. Unequal Agriculture [Frascrs] . The Future of Country Society [New Quarterly']. 1S78. A Great Agricultural Problem [Erasers], 1894. The Spring of the Year [Longmans, June]. 1895. Nature and Eternity [Longmans, May]. Books and Articles relating to Jefferies, 1887 Richard Jefferies and the Open Air. By Lord Lymington. National Review, October. Richard Jefferies. An anonymous poem of ten lines, be- ginning : — "Lover of Nature, whom her lovers love." appeared in one of the Bristol papers some years ago. The date is not noted on my cutting, but from internal evidence it was probably August, 1887. Obituary Notices appeared in Fall Mall Gazette, August 15th and 16th (the latter being by Mr. J. W. North), Athenaeum, 20th August, Academy. ) 20th August, Saturday Review, 27th August, etc. 1888'. The Story of a Heart, By H. S. Salt, To-Day, June. Richard Jefferies. By E. Grarnett. Universal Review, No- vember. 164 Richard Jefferies — Bibliographical Addenda. The Gospel of Richard Jefferies. By H. S. Salt. Pall Mall Gazette, 16th November. Article in Athemeum, 8th December, by W. E. Henley. See under " Views and Reviews." 1889. Richard Jefferies. By Alan Wright. Girls' Own Paper, 31st August. Richard Jefferies. By C. W. M. Girls' Own Paper, 21st December. 1890. Richard Jefferies. By F. Greenwood. Scots Observer, 2nd August. Richard Jefferies, Notes on. Murray's Magazine, September. Round about Coate. By P. Anderson Graham. Scots Observer, 18th October. The Mulberry Tree. A poem by Jefferies. Scots Observer, 8th November. Richard Jefferies, with portrait. Great Thoughts, December. The Liee oe Henry David Thoreau. By H. S. Salt. Bentley & Son, London, 1890. Contains several comparisons between Thoreau and Jefferies. Views and Reviews : Essays in Appreciation. By W. E. Henley. London : Nutt, 1890. See pp. 177—182 for article on Jefferies, reprinted from Athenmmi of 8th December, 1888. 1891. Richard Jefferies. Article in Allibone's Critical Dictionary of English Literature. Richard Jefferies. By H. S. Salt. Temple Bar, June. Nature in Books, Some Studies in Biography. By P. Anderson Graham. Methuen & Co., London, 1891. See cap. L, " The Magic of the Fields." The Pernicious Works of Richard Jefferies. Correspondence in Pall Mall Gazette, September 8th to 21st. ]By George E. Dartnell. 165 Did Richard Jefferies die a Christian ? Reminiscences by people who knew him. Interviews with Mr. diaries Jefferies and " One who knew Jefferies." Pall Mall Gazette, 22nd September. Did Richard Jefferies die a Christian ? An Authoritative Account of the Closing Scene. Extracts from C. W. M's 1889 article. Pall Mall Gazette, 3rd October. The Conversion of Richard Jefferies. By H. S. Salt. National Reformer, 18th October. Thoughts on the Labour Question : Passages from Unpublished Chapters b// Richard Jefferies. Article in Pall Mall Gazette, 10th November. 1892. Homes and Haunts of Richard Jefferies, with illustrations. Pall Mall Budget, 25th August. 1893. Inlander Leaflets, No. 1. Richard Jefferies. By Dr. S. A. Jones. Reprinted in pamphlet form from The Inlander, March, 1893. The Register Publishing Co., Ann Arbour, Michigan, U.S.A. pp. 12. Richard Jefferies, with a bibliography, by Gk E. Dartnell. Wilts Archaeological Magazine, June. pp. 69 — 99. Appeal for Help in Restoration of Chiseldon Church. See Morning Post, 23rd December, and other papers. Wiltshire Words, a Glossary of Words used in the County of Wiltshire. By Gk E. Dartnell and Rev. E. II. Goddard. pp. xix. and 235. London: Oxford University Press. 1893. Contains definitions and illustrations of the Wiltshire dialect words used in Jefferies' writings. 1894. Richard Jefferies. A Study. By H. S. Salt. With a portrait. London : Swan Sonnenschein & Co., 1894. pp. viii. 128. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. Dilettante Library. Large Paper Edition, 1894. 10s, 6d. net. Portrait and four wash drawings of Coate and the neighbourhood, by Miss Bertha Newcombe. 106 Richard J efferies — Bibliographical Addenda. " In live chapters the author deals with his subject as man, naturalist, poet-naturalist, thinker, and writer .... with a bibliographical appendix .... Mr. Salt holds a very high opinion of Jefferies' powek* and value as a writer .... but he grounds that opinion not on the excellence of those studies of wild and rural life by which he is so widely known, but on his later mystical writings, and more especially on his 'autobiography' — The Story of My Heart." — Notice in Wilts Archceological Magazine, June, 1894, vol. xxvii., No. lxxxi., p. 319. An eminently readable and sympathetic study, containing much that is of high critical value, though the opinions advanced are at times hardly in accord with our Wiltshire estimates of the man and his work. It should be valued by all lovers of Jefferies. The illustrations in the large paper edition are excellent in themselves, and most successfully reproduced by some process akin to photogravure. Noticed in some forty or fifty papers, London, Provincial, and American, the tone taken by the reviewer being in most cases determined by his personal opinion as to the relative merits of The Gamekeeper at Home and The Story of My Heart. Richard Jefferies. The Man and his Work. By J. L. Veitch. A lecture given at the Salisbury Museum, 5th February, 1894. Reprinted in pamphlet form from The Salisbury and Winchester Journal of 10th February. Bennett Bros., Salisbury, pp. 20. A brief but very interesting survey of Jefferies' life and works. Noticed in Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxvii., p. 319. Richard Jefferies and his Home in Wiltshire. By Bertha Newcombe. With eight illustrations, from sketches by the author. In Sylvia's Journal, March, pp. 192 — 198. Noticed in Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxvii., p. 320. A pleasantly- written descriptive and critical article, with illustrations worthy of better press - work, depicting scenes on the Downs, the house at Coate, etc. A Suggested Richard Jefferies Club. Letter, signed Charles Farr, Broadchalke, in Salisbury Journal, 28th April. The suggestion was not favourably received. The writer is the author of several Nature sketches which have appeared in the Journal recently. 1895. The Poet- Naturalists. III. Richard Jefferies. By W. H. Jupp. With portrait. Great Thoughts, 23rd and 30th March, A very just and sympathetic estimate of Jefferies and his excellences and limitations. Notes, Archaeological and Historical. 167 Selections. A volume of selections from Jefferies, edited by Mr. H. S. H. Waylen, is now in the press, and will shortly be published by Messrs. Longman, but the exact title has not yet been announced. In Praise of tJte Country, by H. I). Traill, Contemporary Review, vol. 52, p. 477, contains a good deal about Jefferies. Note : — Referring to a passage in The Eulogy, pp. 83 — 84, Mr. A. E. Perkins writes me as follows : — " Walter Besant, in his Eulogy, mentions a letter in which Jefferies complains of the small pittance offered him by the Marlborough paper. I well remember the circumstance, but at the time we only wanted a few paragraphs a week — not anything like his whole time. We employed him for a short time, then he discontinued his contributions." Jotes, ^ujmologkal anir PistontaL Malmesbury Abbey — The Sculptures of the South Porch, &c. (From a MS. note in the possession of the Society, apparently copied from " A Topographical Excursion through England in 1634," printed in " Brayley's Graphic and Historical Illustrations," p. 411. " So on I posted into a new shire, through a little nooke of her, and by that time it was night, I got into that ancient, sometimes famous and flourishing city : [Malmesberry] but fHortune long since turn'd her face from me, so as now there is little left, but the mines of a rare demolish'd Church, and a large fayre and rich Monastery ; so much as is standing of this old Abbey Church promiseth no lesse, (for it represents a Cathedrall) to have been of that largenes, strength and extent as most in ye kingdome. " Her old strong Basis is answerable to her Coat. The two great Towers at her West comming in, are quite demolish'd, and her great High Tower, at the vpper end of the high Altar much decay'd and ruinated ; The Angle there cleane decayd. At the West Doore, wch was her entrance, are curiously cut in freestone, the seuerall postures of the Moneths. 168 Notes, Archaeological and Historical. " At the South side of this ancient ffabricke, at the entrance of a fayre Porch, there is curiously cutt, and caru'd in ffreestone in three ouall Arches, Statues repssenting the Creation, the Deluge, and the Natiuity wch in their artificiall Postures, I may compare to Wells, though not in number soe many, nor in bignes so great. And wthin the same Porch on either side, are equally plac'd the 12 Apostles, and right ouer the Doore entring into the Church, is Christ in his Throne between 2 cherubims, woh are most artificially cut, and carv'd. "On the first Arch— 1. Defac'd quite. 2. Light from Chaos. 3. The Sea from the Land. 4. The Lord sitts and beholds. 5. Hee makes ffowles. 6. Hee makes ffish. 7. Hee makes the Beasts. 8. The Spirit mouing vpon ye Water. 9. Adam made. 10. Adam sleeps, and Woman made. 11. Paradice. 12. Adam left there. 13. Diuell tempts Eue. 14. They hide themselves. 15. God calls to them. 16. God thrusts them out. 17. A Spade and Distaffe given. 18. Adam digs, Eue spins. 19. Eue brings forth Cain. 20. Adam tills ye Earth. 21, 22. Two Angells for Keepers. 23. Abell walks in ye ffeild. 24. Cain meets him. 25. Cain kills Abell. 26, 27, 28. Demolish'd quite. "On the second Arch — 1, 2. God sitts and beholds the Sins of the World. 3. Cain is a fugitiue. 4. He comes to Eue. 5. An Angell. 6. God Deliuers Noah ye Axe. 7. Noah workes in the Arke. 8. Eight Persons saued. 9. Abraham offers Isaac. 10. The lamb caught in ye Bush. 11. Moses talkes wth his father. 12. Moses keeping Sheep. 13. Moses and Aron Strikes ye Rocke. 14. Moses roades ye Law to ye Elders. 15. Sampson tearing the Lion. 16. Sampson bearing ye City Gates. 17. The Philistins puts out his eyes. 18. Dauid rescues the Lamb. 19. David fights wth Goliah. 20. Goliah slaine. 21. An Angell. 22, Dauid rests himself. 23. Defac'd quite. 24. Dauid walks to Bethoron. 25. David's entertaim* there. 26, 27. Demolish'd quite. " On the third Arch — 1, 2. Defac'd quite. 3. John ye forunner of Christ. 4. Michaell the Archangell. 5. The Angells comes to Mary. 6. Mary in Child- bed. 7. The 3 Wisemen comes to Christ. 8. They find him. 9. Joseph, Mary, and Christ goes into Egypt. 10. Christ curses ye ffig-tree. 11. Hee rides on an Asse to Jerusalem. 12. He eats the Passouer with his twelue Apostles. 13. Hee is nayl'd to the Crosse. 14. Laid in the Tombe by Joseph. 15. Hee riseth againe. 16. Hee ascendeth into Heaven. 17. The Holy Ghost descending on the Apostles. 18. Michaell ouerthrowes ye Demi. 19. Mary mourning for Jesus. 20, 21, 22, 23. Demolish'd quite. " Within this Ancient Church are some monuments. " On the South side of the High Altar, vnder a very ancient Tombe of ffreestone Lyeth K. Athelstan, a royall Benefactor, and rich endower of that famous monastery : Hee gave order his body should be there interr'd, and to rest, for the good successe he receiu'd from that Towne, ag8t the Danes : and for the sake of holy St. Adelm the Hermit, who was Maidulphs Scholler. "Another Monum1 there is of Sr. George Marshall's Lady, Daughter of Sr. Owen Hopton, sometimes a Lieutenant of the Tower of London. " The present sad ruins of that large spacious, strong and famous Abbey, on the north side of the Church, did manifest what her beauty was in her flourishing time. " After I had weary'd myselfe in beholding these sad and lamentable Ruines, and dismall Downfalls, I a little obseru'd the Scytuatiou of that small handsome, Notes, Archaeological and Historical. 169 vnconquer'd Mayden Towne, and found it strongly seated on a Hill, and invironed wth diverse small but sweet Riuoletts. " From thence the next day, I set forth for Burford, leauing many fayre Houses and Parkes on both handes wthiu ken. ffirst wthin a Mile of Malmesbery, a fayre House, and a goodly & large wall'd Parke of the Earle of Berkshires [Charlton Park], and further on the Seats of diuerse worthy Knights [Oxey, i.e., Oaksey Park, Sr. Neuill Pooles, and Ashley, Sr Theobald Gorges], as I troop'd along neere the princely Bridegroomes Spring-head of all Riuers [Isis], in this our Island ; And at Old Ciceter where I bayted, I saw two stately fayre Buildings of freestone ; the one sometimes the noble Earle of Danby's ; the other the neat Abbey [Sr, William Masters's]. " Here I view'd a stately old built Church, with an entrance of fifteen paces, a fayre long Porch, and in her very neat and hansome seats, for those two head Houses of that Towne : and another for Sr Anthony Hungerford." Hill Deyerill. In taking notes for the drawing of the old building at Hill Deverill which appeared in Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxvii., p, 271, I carefully examined the arms in the niche over the entrance. Although very much mutilated they are clearly intended for Ludlow impaling Bulstrode, thus giving us the date of the building within thirty years, as John Ludlow, who married Fhilippa, daughter and heiress of William Bulstrode, of London, succeeded his father, John, about 1488, and died before 1519. (Ludlow Pedigree, Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxvi.,p. 1.) H. Beakspeab. William Hiseland. {From a note left by the late James Waylen.) Among the combatants on the Parliament's side at Edgehill was a Wiltshire- man who afterwards attained celebrity by extraordinary longevity. This was William Hiseland (Hazeland ?), born in the year 1620. during James the First's reign, and dying in 1732, in the reign of George II. He commenced his military career at the early age of 13, probably in the Earl of Pembroke's militia ; he fought his way all through the Civil Wars, and was with William of Orange's army in Ireland, and closed his foreign services in the Flanders campaign under the renowned Duke of Marlborough. Either in active duty or as an invalid he bore arms for the extraordinary period of eighty years. The Duke of Richmond and Sir Robert Walpole, in consideration of his long services, each allowed him a crown a week for some time before his death. The old man helped himself in another way, having had three wives in the course of his life ; his last marriage was contracted the year before his death, viz., 9th August, 1731. A picture of him taken at the age of 110 is said to be still extant. His epitaph, given below, is on his tombstone in the burial-ground of Chelsea Hospital. See Faulkner's account of Chelsea. 170 Notes, ArchcBological and Historical. " Here rests William Hiseland, A veteran if ever soldier was ; Who merited well a pension If long services be a merit : Having served upwards of the days of man. Antient, but not superannuated, Engaged in a series of wars Civil as well as foreign ; Yet not maimed or worn out by neither. His complexion was florid and fresh, His health hale and hearty, His memory exact and ready. In stature he excelled the military size ; In strength surpassed the prime of youth. And what made his age still more patriarchal ; When above one hundred years old, He took unto him a wife. Read — fellow soldiers, and reflect That there is a spiritual warfare As well as a warfare temporal. Born 6 August, 1620 I Affed 112 •> Died 7 February, 1732 (A&eai1^ W. CUNNINGTON. Calne. Plague Order. (1664?) " Forasmuch as ye Sicknesse of ye Plague doth soe exceedingly encrease within ye Citties of London Westmv. & Borough of Southwarke & ye pishes adjoyning, as it hath occasioned the Kings Matie to withdraw his Royall pson from his Pallaces of Whitehall & Hampton Court & to Reside in our County, & whereas ye Towne & pish of Calne (by reason of its lying much in the Road betweene London & Bristoll) may be apt to take infection. These are in his Maties name to Authorize & Require you to appoynt 2 honest antient women of good carriage inhabiting whin the said pish of Calne to be Searchers & y* you present them to some Justice of the Peace for this County to be sworne, y* if any sicknesse should happen within your said Towne or pish (wh God prevent) shall search & view ye bodies of such dying, to discover the quality of ye Disease & thereof to make certificate ; and for that Annoyances are chiefe Occasion of Infection, you are to remoue or cause to be remoued out of your Towne, or wch ly neere the High waies all Noysome things of that Nature, & particularly to cause forthwith to be decently interred ye body of Henry Girdler lately deceased within ye pish of Calne aforesaid, least the omission thereof (his carcase being very corpulent) turne much to the prejudice of the Health of your Towne & pish, And heereof fayle not at your prills. Given &c." [The original of the above order is written on a small 8vo sheet of paper, and seems to be a contemporary draft or copy of an official document. It is not signed or dated. It is communicated by Mr. F. Haverfield, of Christ Church, Oxford, who received it from Mr. Willimot, of Bromham. Probably it originally belonged to the Bayntuns. — Ed.] Notes, Archaeological and Historical. 171 Barnston Monument in Salisbury Cathedral. Since writing the note in vol. xxvii., p. 315, of the Magazine, I see that in Prioe's Salisbury Cathedral (177 J) the author states that in his time (he died in 1753) Mary Barnston's monument was in the Lady Chapel. I gather from this that when Wyatt destroyed the Hungerford and Beauchamp Chapels at the end of the last century, and panelled the Lady Chapel with fragments of the former, this monument was removed, together with her husband's hatchment, to their present position. Price adds that Dr. Barnston was buried in the Lady Chapel, and that on his gravestone was this inscription : — " Vixit J. Barnston, D.D., P.P. V. xxx. Maii mdcxlv. et Mutavit Saecula Non obiit." The Advowson of Bltjnsdon " Int' Robtum de Hungerford quer p. Ricin de Wamberge positum loco suo ad lucrandu" &c et Robtum de Horputte et Agn ux'em eius defore de medietate unius acre terre cum ptin in Blontesdon seint Andreu et aduocacione ecclie eius- dem ville vnde pltm conuencois sum fuit int' eos, &c. Scilt qd pdei Robtus de Horputte et Agn recolfn p'dcam medie- tate cum ptin et aduocaconem p'dcam esse jus ip'ius Robti de Hungerford. Et illas remiserunt et quietum clam de ipis Robto de Horputte et Agn et her ipius Agn p'dco Robto de Hungerford et her suis imppm. et p. hac recognicone re- missione quieta clam fine, &c. Robtus de Hungerford dedit Robto de Horputte et Agnes decern Marcas argenti. " E. xv. pasch anno xiiij0 dies dat est eis de cap Cyr suo in gHino Sci Johis. Et Robtus et Agn pro lo suo Johem de Crickkclade. Wyltes." idem p'dcis e. e. dorling. St. Andrew. {Translation). "Between Robert de Hungerforde plaintiff by Richard de Wanberge his attorney, and Robert do Horputte andAgnes his wife defendants, of the moiety of one acre of land with its appurtenances in Blontesdone Seint Andrew and the advowson of the Church of that vill ; of which a plea of covenant was taken between them, &c, to wit that the said Robert de Horputte and Agnes acknowledge the said moiety with its appurtenances and the said advowson to be the right of the same Robert de Hungerford ; and have remitted and quit-claimed them for the same Robert de Horputt and Agnes, and the heires of the said Agnes 1 ; to the aforesaid Robert de Hungerford and his heirs for ever. And for this recognisance re- mission, quit-claim, fine, &c, the same Robert de Hungerford hath given to the aforesaid Robert de Horputte and Agnes ten marks of silver. " From the quindenes of Easter in the 14th year [of King Edward II.?] a day is given to them to take their indentures until the morrow of St. John. And Robert and Agnes have placed in their stead [appointed as their attorney] John de Crickkclade. Wyltes." 1 This shows that the half-acre and advowson were the inheritance of Agnes. VOL. XXVIII. NO. LXXXIII. N 172 Notes, Archaeological and Historical. [The above copy of a Latin deed and its translation is endorsed :— " Cirograph temp. Edwd. Ilnd. The advowson of the Church of Blundcsdon Saint Andrew- near Swindon, Wilts. I gave the original to my cousin, George Akerman, of Blunsdon in 1845. J. Y. A[kerman."J It is now in the Society's Museum " Cuttings and Scraps, 0."] Devizes Castle Moat. The Devizes Gazette, February 28th, 1895, has a letter on " Norman Devizes," by Mr. H. G. Barrey, discussing Mr. Waylen's account of the Castle, and stating that the railway tunnel is cut in the made soil of a huge ditch— a " Belgic Ditch " — now filled up. The lines are laid, he says, 45ft. below the present bottom of the " moat," and yet the " Engineer is said to have reported that in no case had his work touched the bottom of the trench." Opening of Barrows, &c, near Haxon. In June, 1851, I opened a long barrow east of Combe, about half-a-mile from Beach's Barn, and nearly south-west from Everleigh Church, which had been ploughed over for some years, and reduced in height to little more than 4ft. There was no central interment, but at the east end we found a very great heap of large flints, beneath which were many skeletons in complete disorder. A perfect lower jaw with sixteen teeth was brought away. With only two men it was impossible to examine the barrow in the day, so it was reluctantly left. In September, 1894, I visited the neighbourhood again, hoping thoroughly to complete the examination. On this occasion Mr. B. H. Cunnington and Col. Dunn were present. We were wrongly directed to a large barrow under culti- vation on Haxon Down. In this a considerable section was made without definite results, but on the floor of the barrow there was an abundance of wood ashes, and scattered throughout the earth were numerous flint-flakes, with some good examples of scrapers, also, just under the surface, a large four-sided conical weapon or bludgeon.1 The evidence was in favour of its being a cremated in- terment. On the following morning we were again disappointed. A barrow > under cultivation, three-fourths of a mile east of Combe, was attempted, and this proved to be a round barrow which had been previously opened ; near the centre were many portions of a skeleton, and a fragment of thick Ancient British urn. , On the afternoon of the same day we were directed by Mr. Burry to a field about two hundred yards south of Beach's Barn, and adjoining the old Salisbury and i Devizes Road, where large flints were frequently ploughed up, and where, ex- tending over several acres, there are indistinct traces of long angular banks, and f much general irregularity of the surface, showing that there had been former occupation. In two excavations on this spot we soon had abundant evidence of a Romano-British station. Every shovelfull of earth contained fragments of pottery, stone roofing-tiles, brick-tiles, flat-headed nails, &c.f with occasional pieces of Samian ware, though genuine examples were rare. The pottery was 1 These implements are now in our Museum. Notes, Archwokgical and Historical '. 173 mostly of a common kind, with much of the sraother-kiln, black variety, also some imitation Samian. Oyster shells were abundant (none of the "real natives ") and a few shells of Mytilus edulis, so common on our coasts. These are of interest Have they been before found in connection with Romano- British antiquities ? There were teeth and bones in abundance of the ordinary domestic animals, horse, ox, sheep, hog, &c. In one of the holes, at a depth of 2Mt, there was a level space paved with stone tiles, mostly of oolitic rock. This spot would doubtless yield abundant remains of the ancient inhabitants, if carefully and thoroughly examined. W. CrjNNINGTON. MS. Account of Excavations in Wilts. May 10th, 1894. " The President, Sir Augustus Wollaston Franks, exhibited and presented [to the Library of the Society of Antiquaries, London] William Cunnington's account of the excavations he made for Sir Richard Colt Hoare in the Barrows of Wiltshire, with notes by Sir R. C. Hoare and others, in five folio volumes in manuscript, from the Stourhead Library." — From Proceedings Soc. Ant. Lond., 2nd Series, vol. xv., No. II. Perambulation of Part of the Great Park of Fasterne, in the Parish of Wootton Bassett, in May, 1602. (Copied from the original document in the Wilts Museum, at Devizes, and printed in Sivindon Advertiser, June 5th, 1886.) " A noot [note] of the perambulation on Braden's syed on Mondaye, the 18th of Maye, 1602, going and vewing the boundes and meres deviding the mannors of Wotton and Brynkworthe of the west syed, going directlye by the bounds and meares as the moost eldest and auncient men hath knowen and hard [heard] tyme aught of mynde, and how it was used sythens [since] and befoure the great park was dysparked, as also what their foore-fathers hathe tould them when they were children going the perambulation, whoes names are underwritten with their agges : — John Bathe 80 yeares Thomas Phelps 76 yeares Richard Baithe 80 Thomas Robyns 100 John Gault 80 Thomas Baethe 70 William Henlye 76 Richard lies 60 Thomas Haskyns 66 William Webb 56 Christr. Witnan 77 John Shurmur 60 Imprimis, the first daye going the perambulation from Wotton to 1 Broadwayes 1 " Broadways gaat " stood where the cottages belonging to Sir H. B. Moux, Bart., are built in Whitehill Lane ; the road at this place greatly widens down to Hooker's Gate. " Woak " or " Oak-Hay " means an enclosure of oaks. The fields are now called " Hookers," corrupted, no doubt, from " Oak-Hay." This was the place where " the Duke had his way forthe," but whether it was intended N 2 174 Notes, Archaeological and Historical. gaat thorough Whitehill, whoakhaycs and woakhayes meadow, passing into i ground lately inclosed ought of the common (in Brinkworth parish), by Si Henry Knyvett dyrcction or some of his offycers as we have hard at which plass it ys sayed by thees old men, as they have hard their foorfathers saye, the Duk had his waye forthe there by a gaat called faoffe gaat, and from that the pram bulation went dyrectlye in the ought syde [outside] of the parcke as the way lyethe to the sand pyttes at the fur corner of the great parcke on Brinkwort1 hill, and from thence along the waye deviding the mannor of Wotton and Mughal on the northe syde to a Crosse at hie gaat which stands the dystance from th to mean the Duke of York or Somerset is not known, but probably the former] There are some depressions in the ground at the corner of the park on Brinkwort Hill, which were probably the " sand pyttes." — The " Cross at hiegaat " muf have stood near Mr. Tuck's farm-house. At Highgate was the entrance froi j Fasterne Park to Brayden Forest, and on the 4th of June, 1549, Mr. Joh i Berwick, Steward to the Protector Somerset, (vide Longleat Papers, Wilts Arc, Mag., vol. xiv.), wrote to Sir John Thynne informing him that he had just thr put into Brayden, from Fasterne, five hundred deer, of which a great part we:< inferior ones, or " rascalls " — the reason being that grass in that year was re markably early. There is a field still called " Gadcrafte." From Baynard's As the boundary of the park went along the ridge towards Wootton Bassett, whe there is, or was, a walk called the " Row Dow," thence at the back of the hous in Victory Row, across the bottom of Wood Street, and the Butt Hay, to whe the hedge divides Mr. F. Weston's property from Sir Henry Meux's, across it upper part of Whitehill Lane, and on the high ground to the Great Weste Railway, which it crossed, and down to the brook below Hunt's Mill. It th| went up to Fastern Wilderness. There was another old or inner park, whi< included about forty acres of Whitehill Farm, Old Park Farm, the Hart Half's Farm, and part of Hunt's Mill Farm. On the west side the stream fro| Tockenham and Lyneham divided the Wootton Bassett and Grittenham manoi Near Hooker's Gate is " Brynuing's " or Browning's Bridge, which bridge mentioned in the oldest known perambulation of the ancient forest of Brade that commenced there. The " Quene Anne " must have been Anne of Cleves, ( | Anne Boleyn. The late Canon Jackson kindly sent to the writer the following extract fro the Register of the Protector Somerset's Estates in Wilts (when Viscov. Beauchamp, 1540), copied from the original at Longleat :— " There is in the sa mannor [of Midghall] a certain wood called Calo-wood, and contaynith 100 aci , in the which grow bryers, furze, and thornes, with young okes, and the tena; say that from Ward's lane unto the east part of the parke called Fasterne Par il the Queen [Katherine Parr] shall have the breadthe of an acre and a halfe f the said wood to mayntayn the hedge of the said parke." The site of the ho ft of the Ranger of Fasterne Park is known, being on the north side of ft Thunderbrook, on Whitehill Farm, and rather more than a quarter of a milei| the east of Dovey's Bridge. There was a deep moat round it, which enclo II an area of about half -an acre of land, the fertility of which still strangely cJ trasts with the barrenness of that by which it is surrounded. Callow Hill j at the corner of the great park at Brinkworth, Motes on Natural History. 175 great parcke niound some fyve perche or lugge, and soe all the waye sometimes moore from thence along the waye where standithe a great woorke which it is supposed was left for a meare [boundary] deviding and standing between Mughal] and Wotton's wood which was called the Ragge that Syr John Dan vers felly d [felled] belonging to Wotton, so along to Gadcrafte comer, where divers dothe say that a mearstou lyinge within the shoore of the dyche by gadcrafte, deviding the manuor of Wotton and Mughall so as Mughall had nothing to doe withought the 1 eyther between Braydene lane and Shropshire marsh for Wottou dothe inacke and mayntayne all the waye, and it was ever called Quene Anne's waye by which they hathe by theyre passing to Braydene, and all other men hathe and not other waies these witnesses before mentioned further saye that they know one John Munte and John Streete, Thomas Ledlens, John Trowe, Richard Baithe were workmen to kepe and mend the great parcke hedge and bound from Baynard's Ashe lane and well to near Brink worthe Hill, and al waies dyd shroud and cut theyre fuell for that purpose along all the Raage on Braden's s}rde, alwaies taking so much skoop [scope] from the hedge as a man could through a hatchet, aud for tryall, John Mountaine being one of the workmen, dyd through his hatchet eight lugge [eight poles], and so dyd Thomas Rood waye and three others, which was ever held for a certayne distance how far they myght cut the fuell wy thought [without] deny all, and so held and mayntayned time ought of mynde, and these workmen were payde for there worke by one Mr. Predye being then Raynger to the great parcke under Sir Henry Long, who was for the Kyng [viz., Edward VI.]. Itm. further they sayeth that they know one Christopher Robins was great unkell to William Robins, now one of your teunants at Baynard's Ashe, and John Skeet father to William Skeet of the same place, were always warned to the fence court, and did ever serve in the Jurye, and so theyre predecessors tyme ought of mynde, and no exception of Wotton for theyre common of Braden untill of laut time." W. F. Paksons. Alternating Generations : a Biological Study of Oak Galls and Gall Flics ; By Hermann Adler, M.D. Sohleswig. Translated and edited by Charles E. Straton, F.R.C.S., Ed., F.E.S., with illustrations. Oxford, at the Clarendon Press, 1894. (Prico 10s. 6d.) Cr. 8vo, pps. xl. and 198. Everyone knows the oak apple, but how many people know anything of tho life history of the insect by which that well-known gall is formed ? It has long 1 "Eyther " means hedge. " Eder breche " is an old term for hedge-breaking. The tradition of throwing the hatchet was handed down, and known, before tho discovery of this old document. 176 Notes on Natural History. been known that the different galls on the oak— of which the 11 oak apple " is the best known and most conspicuous form— are due to the action of the larva? of different species of llies, but until within the last few years no one suspected that the life history of these llies forms one of the most marvellous stories in Xature —so marvellous, indeed, that if the facts had not been verified be^yond the shadow of a doubt by the patient researches of English and German naturalists, more especially by those of Dr. Hermann Adler, of Sehleswig. they would seem to be incredible, so contrary are they to what are by most people regarded as the universal laws of Xature. It is not so much because these facts constitute a singularly fascinating chapter, in natural history for the entomologist, as on account of the important bearing which they have upon the theories of Weismann as to heredity, and on other biological questions of the highest interest, that Mr. C. R Straton, T.R.C.S., and F.E.S., of Wilton, has translated Dr. Adler's monograph on the gall flies of the oak, and has added to it a learned introduction of forty pages of his own. To explain this let us see what Dr. Adler tells us of the life history of the beautiful gall often seen on the leaf of the oak, of the size of a marble, yellow, streaked and mottled with red. This gall {Dryophanta scufellaris) is always attached to the veins on the under side*of the leaf. It appears in July, matures in October, and the fly emerges from the gall in December, January, or February, according to the weather. The flies only live a few days, and the difficulty hitherto has been to bridge over the gap between January — when the perfect insect appears — and July — when the gall containing the infant larva just hatched from the egg first begins to show on the vein of the oak leaf. How is the egg laid on the leaf ? Dr. Adler has solved the mystery by hatching out flies from the galls and keeping them carefully under control and examination. "I had kept a large quantity of galls out of doors through the winter, and in January the flies began to take flight. I put them on a little oak tree indoors, and observed that after a few days they began to oviposit, choosing the little adven- titious buds that were on the stem. The buds were pricked in the following manner. The fly reared itself, directing its ovipositor to the point of the bud, and boring down into it perpendicularly. The fly is armed for this purpose with a tolerably straight and strong ovipositor. Some time is required to complete the act of ovipositing and the fly usually stands half an hour in the pricking posture. In each bud only one egg is laid. If a pricked bud is examined it will be seen that the egg lies at the base of the bud axis .... therefore it may be predicted with certainty that a bud gall will be the result. In my experiments thirty-four buds were pricked between January 20th and January 26th, but it- was not until the end of April that I was able to observe the beginning of gall formation in any of the buds. The points of the buds became dark blue, and soon the dainty velvety galls of SpatJieaasier TascTienbergi became evident ; by the beginning of May eleven galls developed on the tree." Now this gall bears no resemblance whatever to the apple-like gall from which the fly sprung from whose egg the larva causing it was hatched, and the flies themselves which emerge from these galls at the end of May or beginning of June are quite different from the parent flies, so much so as to have been always regarded as actually belonging to distinct genera, yet Dr. Adler has proved that the flies emerging from the apple gall on the leaf in January lay the eggs from 177 which come the small velvety galls on the buds, and that the flies emerging from those velvety bud galls in May lay the eggs on the leaf from which corns the "apple galls in July. Dr. Addler has thus established the connexion of these two forms. And by the same careful experiments in each case he has proved that the rule holds good in the case of some twenty species of gall flies which live on the r«ak. In every case there are two forms appearing at different times, forming galls with no resemblance to each other, and often resembling each other very little in the perfect insect. He finds that in the species in which this rule of "alternating generations " holds good the child u never like it* parents either inform or life history, but always like its grandparents. And with this astounding fact is connected another no less remarkable — that in one of these generations " parthenogenesis " is the invariable method of reproduction— the whole of that generation consisting of femaLe flies alone — whilst in the other generation sexual reproduction takes place in the ordinary way, male and female flies being produced equally from the gall*. In a few species, however, this alternating generation doe3 not occur — and " these propagate themselves in an unbroken succession of generations in the female sex " —the galls in this case being all alike. An analogous but even more complex case is that of the liver-fluke which caused such widespread destruction among sheep in Wiltshire many years ago. Its life history is given by Dr. Straton as follows : — " The liver-fluke of the sheep gives rise to an active ciliated aquatic embryo, which, after a time, pierces and enters a water-snail to become a passive sporocyst ; from its germ cells redice are formed within the sporocyst, and after several asexual generations they give ■be to minute cercarue which leave the snail and creep up the stalks of grass ; here they become encysted, are eaten, an 1 grow within the sheep to become adult sexual flukes." ' Altogether the book with its appendices containing a synoptical table of gall pies, a bibliography of the subject, a good index, and two folding coloured plates containing excellent figures of forty-two species of oak galls, forms an invaluable and most complete monograph of the subject of which it treats, though the dissertations in the introduction and in the later chapters of the work are not precisely light or easy reading. E. H. Gobdaed. Phenomenon observed at Kingston Deverill, 1822. (From Salisbury and Winchester Journal, May 20th, 1822.) 11 On Monday se'nnight during a thunderstorm and shortly after its commence- ment, a particularly dark and heavy cloud was observed by the inhabitants of Kingston Deverell, on the west of the village ; it sent forth a kind of spout, of a much lighter colour, in an ob-ique direction towards the earth. After various bendings and contortions like those of the proboscis of an elephant, though no wind was stirring in the lower regions, it extended itself rapidly in length, and as it approached nearer the earth its motion resembled that of a pendulum, but still increasing in celerity of vibration, till the lower end reached the hill on the south-west of the village, between it and Mere, and not above half a mile distant 178 Notes on Natural Hidory. from the Church of Kingston Doverill. It now exhibited the singular appearance of a transparent tube of about 3 feet in diameter at the lower end where it touched the ground, but much greater at the upper end where it joined the cloud from which it proceeded, aud certainly considerably more than a mile in length. The two ends appeared nearly stationary, but the middle part still remained flexible; and bending in all directions, sometimes almost to a right angle. The spectators, who were numerous, were naturally alarmed, and expected some catastrophe, at least a sudden discharge of water, by means of the spout, which in the vale where the village is situated, might have been attended with serious consequences, but no such circumstance occurred. It continued for upwards of twenty minutes during which it moved, being drawn perhaps by the motion of the cloud, over a field of wheat, in a rather zig-zag direction, towards the Church, for about 150 yards. In addition to the external motion above mentioned the spout appeared to those who had the best opportunities of observing it, to be internally agitated, as if by a strong current of air, or some other fluid rushing down it in a spiral direction ; while at the lower end, a cloud of dust or smoke was thrown up to some height in the air. What the precise nature of this was I have not been able to ascertain. Some of the spectators imagined it to have been dust blown up by a strong wind from the spout, while others describe it as a thick smoke or steam. It had in its slow progress almost reached the inclosures near the Church, when it suddenly withdrew and disappeared. It was remarked that an under cloud was at this moment approaching very near the upper part of it ; and if I may be allowed to conjecture, I should say that this under cloud destroyed the phenomenon by acting as an electrical conductor. I cannot learn that any noise or rushing was heard. The young wheat over which the spout passed was marked by a darker colour than the rest of the field, and this ap- pearance remained visible for several days ; the next storm of rain, however, restored it to its original colour." T. H. Bakbe. Stormy Petrel (Procettaria pelagica) at Salisbury. In the Salisbury Journal of November 17th, 1894, it is stated that a male specimen of this bird was picked up in an exhausted state at Salisbury by Mr. Piggott, a milkman, and was. stuffed by Mr. G% White, of Fisherton. A Slab of Upper G-reensand from the Blackdown Beds. In the cabinet of fossils bequeathed by the late Canon Jackson to the Society is a small slab from the Blackdown beds of the Upper Greensand which is worthy of a short notice in the Magazine. The slab of light grey fine-grained sandstone with a few scales of mica, measuring lOin. by 5in., and nearly a regular oblong in shape, varying from ^in. to fin. in thickness, is completely covered on one side by a most remarkably Notes on Natural History. 179 well-preserved set of fossils. Their great number and variety induced Mr. W. Cunuington, F.G.S., to send it to the British Museum, in order that the fossils might be named and identified. This has been done and the slab returned with a full list of the fossils, as f Devizes, who 190 Magazine Articles, tyc. shipped to America in 1744 as a boy. Notes ou Salisbury Cathedral, on a Poll Book of 1705, Queries and Replies on various subjects, and Notes on Books complete the number. No. 9, March, 1895 , opens "with an account and an illustration of the Old Timber House in Wine Street Alley, Devizes, which it seems likely may be shortly pulled down. "Blagden House," Keevil, is mentioned as a timber house of the same character — but the well-known house at Keevil is not "Blagden House," as this is built of stone. Five pages of Wiltshire Wills and six of Extracts from the Gentleman's Magazine follow. Then a couple of pages of Mr. Elyard's Annals of Purton, with a nice drawing of the Postern Door at Lord Clarendon's. The abduction of Miss Smith at Broad Somerf ord, in 177 4, is a curious story of the last century. Notes on the Chandler Family, and on the position of " Kingsbridge," from which the hundred takes its name, follow. "T.S.M." has been at considerable pains to trace the exact position of the bridge, and believes, on the authority of Mr. Henry Simpkins, of Lyneham, that the bridge crossing the brook at Shaw Neck, on the road from Bushton to Calne, is the spot. Mr. Simpkins says that seventy years ago that spot was pointed out to him as the place from which the hundred was named. Another interesting note is that by Mr. Parsons on a volume of poems by Mrs. Marian Dark, daughter of Mr. Henry Stiles, of Whitley, Calne, published in 1818. Queries and Replies on various subjects and an obituary notice of George Mayo follow. Capt. Hopewell Hay ward Budd, E.N. : a Biographical Sketch. Cr. 8vo. This little pamphlet is a recent reprint of a notice which appeared in the " Devizes and North Wilts Gazette " November 22nd, 1869, together with an account of the Chippenham Ploughing Match from the same paper in 1844, and letters from Admiral Sir William Sidney Smith in 1812, pressing Lieut. Budd's claim to promotion for long and active service in Egypt, at Acre, at Scylla, and elsewhere, on the notice of Lord Melbourne, as well as one signed by ten magistrates of the Marlborough and Swindon Division in 1830, also addressed to Lord Melbourne, stating that his " unwearied and extraordi- nary gallantry and spirited exertions have contributed in no slight degree to the present pacific state of the County of Wilts." This was at the time of the machine-breaking riots, when Captain Budd, having retired from the Navy, was occupying a large farm at Winterbourne Bassett, where, by his resolute courage, he gave the first check to the rioters who were then terrorising the farmers of North Wilts. Captain Budd was buried at Winterbourne, aged 90, in 1869. Two photographic portraits from miniatures are inserted in the memoir. " Truffle-huntillg in Wiltshire," by P. Anderson Graham, in Longman's Magazine for March, 1895, is a very full and pleasantly-written article on a subject which has attracted unusual attention of late, having already been briefly dealt with in the English Illustrated Magazine for November, 1893, and the Standard of 6th October last. We note that the centre of the industry is Winterslow, and that the pick of the season lasts only some four Magazine Articles, fyc. 191 months, so that the truffle-man has to fall back upon hurdle-making or labourer's work during great part of the year. The best hunting-ground is under beech trees in a wood of from twenty to forty years' growth, and the dogs used are half-bred poodles. Malmesbury Abbey. A descriptive article, by R. W. Paul, on the building is given in The Builder of March 2nd, 1895, well illustrated by a good process reproduction of a fine old engraving of the south porch (said to be by Le Keux, but which appears really to be that engraved by Basire for the Society of Antiquaries), reproductions of good pencil drawings of the south side and of the interior, by A. Needham Wilson, with ground-plan and smaller drawings of a view in the south aisle, the carvings on the rood-screen, King Athelstan's tomb, the watching loft, and armorial tiles, by R. W. Paul. A list of the sculptures of the south porch, made in 1634, is reprinted from " Brayley's Graphic and Historical Illustrator." Littlecote. The Rev. A. H. Malan contributes to the May number of the Pall Mall Magazine a pleasantly-written chatty article on Littlecote, discussing shortly the evidence for and against the traditional stories of Wild Darrell and Judge Popham, and describing the house and its contents. The paper is lavishly illustrated with excellent photo half-tone plates of the Hall, the Dutch Parlour, and the Room used by William of Orange, and with sketches of the House from the Ramsbury Road, the North and South Fronts, the Wings at the West End, Staircase, Hall, Haunted Chamber, the Judge's Chair and Thumb-stocks, the Silver Mace of Charles the First's Life Guards and Greybeard Jug, the Long Gallery, the Tulip Trees, and the portraits of Nell Gwynne, Chief Justice Popham, Lord Burleigh, Anne Dudley, and the Spanish Lady. Eichard Jefferies. No. III. of the " Poet Naturalists," by W. H. Jupp, in Great Thoughts, March 23rd and 30th, 1895 ; and " Nature and Eternity," in Longman's Magazine, May, 1895 {vide page 166 of this number of Wilts Arch. Mag.). Woodbridge House, Potteme. The Devizes Gazette, April 25th, 1895, has a letter giving an account of a curious ghost story connected with this house — the scene of the recent murder. Salisbury Palace. An article on this subject appears in the Sunday Magazine for February and March, pp. 118—123, 188—193. It is well illustrated by the following views, reproduced from excellent pen drawings by Alexander Ansted : — the Terrace Walk, Beauchamp Tower, Bishop's Entrance to the Cloisters, the Original Portion of the Palace, the old and new Front Doorways, the Palace and Cathedral from the south, the Undercroft, the Interior of the Chapel and the North Front. The letterpress— one of the last works undertaken by the Rev. Precentor Venables before his death— is, it is hardly necessary to add, whether dealing with the architecture or the history of the Palace, at once accurate and interesting- 192 Magazine Articles, The CloSOS Of Salisbury and Wells, in the Magazine of An rfor May, 1895, is both written and illustrated by Mr. Alexander Ansted. The two Closes and their buildings are compared and contrasted. There are six charming drawings of Salisbury :— the Cathedral from the south-west, the Palace from the south-east, Choristers' Green, the King's House, the Wardrobe, and St. Anne's Gate. Salisbury Cathedral, in the Sunday Magazine for April, by the Very Rev. Dean Boyle, is again illustrated by drawings from Mr. Ansted's prolific pen, of the North Porch, the Longespe Tomb, a Turret of the West Front, the Lady Chapel, the Cloisters and South Transept, Carving in the Chapter House, the Interior of the Chapter House, and a view of the Cathedral from the meadows. The article is a short historical sketch of the erection of the building by Bishop Poore and of its reduction to a condition of " cleanness and neatness " by Wyatt in 1790. The May number has the concluding paper with the following illustrations : — General View from north-east, Audrey Chantry, Great Transept, Inverted Arch, South Aisle, Facade, Looking through Grill to Bridport Tomb, Consecration Cross in Chapter House. A Family Connexion of the Codrington Family in the Seventeenth Century, by the Eev. R. H. Codrington, D.D., is a paper of eight pages, with two good plates of arms, in the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society'' s Transactions, Fourteen shields of arms now in a window at Castle House, Calne — evidently of the same date, and evidently not now in their original position — form the subject of the paper. The arms mostly belong to Gloucestershire families, but they are conjectured by the writer to have come from the manor-house of Berwick Bassett, in which Edward Goddard— whose arms appear in one of the shields — is known to have lived. There seems, however, to be no evidence of their having come from Berwick. The families whose arms appear are Codrington, Wyrrell, Scrope, Borlase, Baldwin, Smith, Browning, Goddard, Dennys, Speke, Stocker, Still, Guise, Parker, Lucy, Marmion, Stokes, Snell, Roberts, Langley, and Stephens. " Wiltshire : Evening,' ' by W. S. Senior, is a short poem in The New Review for May, 1895, with nothing about Wiltshire in it. "The Names of the Prebendal Stalls in Cathedrals of the old Foundation — Salisbury." An article in Church Bells, March 15th, 1895. " A Famous Training Establishment/' in the Pall Mall Budget of March 28th, deals with Manton House, and has portraits of Alec Taylors sons, Alec, Junr., and Tom. Market Lavington. The Gardener's Magazine for February, 1895, contains an article on the method of culture adopted by Mr. Lye, of Market Lavington, in the growth of fuchsias — for which he is famous — with an illustration of some of the plants grown by him. Magazine Articles, fyc. 193 Vita S. Etlieldredse Eliensis aus MS Cotton, Faustina B. iii., fol. 260 [c. 1420] (Dialect von Wiltshire) verse, forms pp. 282—307 of " Altenglische Legenden," edited by C. Horstmann. Heilbronn. Gebr. Henninger. 1881. Kingston House. A paper on Kingston House, Bradford-on-Avon, and its garden, by B. W. W., is reprinted from The Garden by the Devizes Gazette, January 3rd, 1895. Salisbury Plaiu. A Eeport on the Present State of Agriculture in the Salisbury Plain District, by E. H. Bew, Assistant Com- missioner to the Eoyal Commission on Agriculture, is reprinted in the Wilts County Mirror, January 18th — April 5th, 1895. Notes on Eomano-British Articles recently added to the Museum of the Wilts Archaeological Society, by the Rev. E. H. Goddard. A short paper of five pages in the Reliquary and Illustrated Archceologist, for April, 1895, vol. i., No. 2, with sixteen illustrations, nearly all of which have already appeared in the Wilts Arch. Mag. The letterpress is simply a concise description of the objects illustrated. Stockton House. A description of the gardens, &c, which appeared in the Gardener's Chronicle is reprinted in the Wilts County Mirror, March 1st, 1895. Corsham. A short sketch of the History of Corsham, by M. K. W., appeared in the Devizes Gazette, March 7th, 1895. Prehistoric and Eoman Devizes. Letters by H. G. Barrey on this subject appeared in the Devizes Gazette of November 29th, 1894, January 10th, 31st, February 28th, March 21st, and April 4th, 1895, in which he argues that the boundary -line between the parishes of St. Mary and St. John was really the line of a defensible outwork of the castle, and part of it marked by a Belgic ditch. "OurEude Forefathers" is the title of an interesting lecture on pre- historic and Roman Wilts, by E. Doran Webb, F.S.A., at the Blackmore Museum. Printed in Salisbury* Journal, February 9th, 1895. He regards Stonehenge as owing its existence to the joint efforts of the Aryan and non- Aryan races. Eeport on Experiments with Potatoes and Onions in Warminster and District, 1894. Eyre & Spottiswoode. Price Is. The Origin of the Thynnes. A note on this subject by J. H. Round appears in the April number of The Genealogist, vol. xi. He disputes altogether the assumption of Mr. Botficld in " Stemmata Botvilliana " that the "inne" from which the family took its name could have been their 194 Magazine Articles, fyc. residence at Church Stretton ; nor does be believe in tbe pedigree drawn up by Mr. Morris in Tojwgrajohcr and Genealogist, iii., 4G8— 491. The Visitation of Wiltshire, 1.565, by W. C. Melcalfe, from Alleyne of Culne to Brunning, of Seagrey, is commenced in tbe same number of the Genealogist, whicb also contains a note (to tbe registers of Street, Co. Somerset) on Walter Raleigh, second son of Sir Carew Raleigh, of Fardell, Co. Devon, and Downton, Co. Wilts, and nephew of the great Sir Walter. He held, among many other livings, that of Wrougbton, and became Dean of Wells 1641. Roundway Hill, by R. Coward, in Devizes Gazette, May 16th, 1895. A very interesting article, dealing especially with the legend of the man with his head under bis arm who was believed to haunt the down and to draw those who met him after him till be disappeared at a certain spot marked by an almost imperceptible barrow (opened in 1855, see Wilts Arch. Mag., iii., 185). Mr. Coward mentions three occasions — tbe last in 1847 or 1848— on which tbe apparition appeared to persons whom he knew. " The Head Boys of the Great Public Schools," in Picture Magazine, August, 1893, has a portrait of H. Clayton, of Marlborough. Two " Wiltshire Ballads " appeared in the Pall Mall Budget, January 3rd and February 21st, 1895. In " Stwoanhenge " the poet speaks of the Cathedral as "Hour Kreed in stwoan, cut dazzlin vine Vaith's hisland beacon vire " ; while " Littel Daizy " has the following stanza :— " Daizies bloom ! God ! daizies wither ! Vrom thic tower S. Katherine looks, Draad in stwoan, and roun she slither Glossy crones or churchyard rooks. " Snow-flecked/' verses on Salisbury Cathedral, by G. H. Haynes, printed in Wilts County Mirror, February 22nd, 1895. " A Salisbury Porter ! a Rail Hero," is the title of a really funny set of verses on the Rosebery incident at tbe station, reprinted f rom Lika Jolco by the Wilts County Mirror, December 21st, 1894. " Alone in Salisbury Cathedral." Sonnet by the Rev. Godfrey Thring. Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, December, 1894. 195 Ballads and other Verse. By A, H. Beesley (Assistant-Master at Marlborough College). London, Longmans. 1895. Several of the ballads in this volume deservedly attracted much attention on their appearance in Longmans Magazine a year or two ago. They are full of life and vigour, as befits verse that deals with such stirring themes as Sir Christopher Mings and his three days' fight with the Dutch in 1666, and the daring capture of Mont Cenis in 1792 by Dumas and his little band of mountaineers. There is one amongst them which we may venture to claim for Wilts — Stone-broke, a most pathetic poem, not unworthy of Hood himself, which earned honourable mention at a County Council meeting not long ago, telling how an old stone-breaker worked on all through the bitter winter weather, rather than go into the House, and how he died as his heap was finished. The " other verse " is of varied character, ranging from such themes as An Agnostic's Apology, or a fine chorus from Hecuba, to breezy whaling and ploughing songs. The volume throughout shows " a high, though often sombre, sense of life and duty," and stands in workmanship and inspiration far above the average of modern verse. It was noticed in the Marlburian, 4th April, 1895. Progressive Revelation, or through Nature to Grod, by E. M. Caillard, author of (i Electricity : the Science of the Nineteenth Century " ; "The Invisible Powers of Nature," &c. John Murray, Albemarle Street, London. 1895. Price 6s. Miss Emma Marie Caillard has thrown together in this book a series of essays published in the Contemjwrary Review, with an introductory chapter. Favourably reviewed in Devizes Gazette, May 16th, 1895. .Latin Letter from the Bishop of Salisbury to the Archbishop of Utrecht, on the position of the Anglican Church. A long notice and translation in the Guardian, November 14th, 1894, and Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, Jauuary, 1895, " The Form and Manner of the Making of Deacons and Ordaining of Priests." Edited for use at ordinations by Clifford Wyndham Holgate, M.A. Salisbury. Brown & Co. 8vo. Cloth. 1894. Favourably noticed in Salisbury Journal, December 15th, 1894, and Salisbury Diocesan Gazette t February, 1895, 190 Other Books and Articles by WilUhiremen. "Ecce Homo," by Kev. D. G. Hubert (of Salisbury). Loudon. R. Wash- bourue, 18, Paternoster Row. Preface by Lady Herbert. A volume of meditations, &c., for use by Roman Catholics. Favourably noticed in Salisbury Journal, June 16th, 1894. " Adaitt tile Gardener." Three vols. Hurst & Blackett. A novel by Mrs. S. Batson. Favourably reviewed in Standard, November 16th, 1894. " The Catch of the County." Three vols. F. V. White & Co. A novel by Mrs. Ed. Ken ward. Noticed favourably in the Standard, November 16th, 1894. " A Bootless Bene," A novel by M. E. Le Clerc (Miss Clarke). Two vols. Hurst & Blackett. " A Eeference List to the Stamps of the Straits Settlement sur- charged for use in the Native Protected States," by William Brown. Salisbury. W. Brown. A reprint, with additions, of articles which appeared lately in the Philatelic Journal of Great Britain. Illustrated. Noticed in Salisbury Journal, April 27th, 1895. " China, Past and Present," by R. S. Gundry. London. Chapman & Hail. Author of "China and her Neighbours:" Well reviewed in the Standard, May 6th, 1895 ; The Pall Mall Gazette, &c. The author also contributed an article on "Ancestor Worship in China" to the February number of the Fortnightly Rcvieio. Noticed in Guardian of February 6th and Devizes Gazette, February 7th, 1895. " The Little Squire," a comedy in three acts, performed at the Lyric Theatre, is adapted from the story by Mrs. H. de la Pasture (of Malmesbury). Noticed in Devizes Gazette , April 19th, 1894. " Kohimarama," "New Zealand Shrines," and " The Daisy Chain and Mission Buildings at Kohimarama "—three sonnets by the Bishop of Salisbury — appear in the Salisbury Diocesan Gazette^ May, 1895. An Order of Service for Children, with Hymns, &c, and Occasional Services, compiled by the Rev. and Hon. Canon Bouverie, M.A., Eector of Pewsey, Wilts, the Music edited by the Countess of Radnor. Noveilo, Ewer & Co. Several editions, differing in size and price. Noticed in Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, April, 1895. Wiltshire Pictures. Among pictures connected with the county, or painted by Wiltshire artists, which have been exhibited this summer are the following : — At the Royal Academy. — No. 34, a portrait of The Countess of Pembroke, by W. B. Richmond, A.R.A.—In the Water-Colour Scorn, Nos. 891 and 1099, The Sale of Canon Jackson's Library. 197 "Playing Pigs" and "In Gamle Norge," two pictures of children at play, by Gideon Pidler, of Teffont Magna; 907, a landscape, "Snow on the Cuchillins, Isle of Skye," by Alfred Williams, of Salisbury; and 1086, "The Old Market Cross, Salisbury," by William Alexander, of that city. In the Architectural Room, 1568, a pencil drawing of the silver altar-cross of the lady chapel of the Cathedral, by E. Doran Webb, and 1607, a pen drawing of "New Country Residence near Chippenham," by T. B. Silcock. In the New Gallery. — No. 263, "Summer on the Kennett, the Old Lock," by Thomas Ireland, and 297, a water-colour drawing of " St. Anne's Gate, Salisbuiy, by Andrew B. Donaldson. In the Winter Exhibition of Old Masters, at Burlington House, three portraits— Master Lambton, Miss Crokers, and Lady Jersey — by Sir Thomas Lawrence, were exhibited, as well as Gainsborough's " The Mall, St. James's Park," from Grittleton. A portrait of Sir W. Grant, Master of the Rolls, painted by Sir Thomas Lawrence, P.R.A., in 1802, has been presented by Mr. S. Young, Master of the Barbers' Company, to the Corporation Gallery of the City of London. t% £sle of Canon pacta's Jikarir. The entire library of the late Canon J. E, Jackson, F.S.A., which was left by will to his nephew, Mr. J. H. Jackson, was sold by Messrs. Hodgson, at their auction rooms, 115, Chancery Lane, on May 7th, 8th, and 9th, 1895. There were in all nine hundred and thirty-six lots, the majority of which consisted of interesting books and pamphlets on county history and topography, with a con- siderable number of works on general literature, history, the classics, &c, many of them old and curious. The Wiltshire portion of the library— for the topographical items were by no means confined to this county — was sold chiefly on the third day of sale, when Mr. W. H. Bell and the Rev. E. H. Goddard attended as representatives of the Wilts Archosological Society, with the object especially of securing Lot 933 — eight folio volumes, bound in vellum, containing the collections of the late Canon relating to the History of the Hungerford Family, drawings, autographs, portraits, pedigrees, and an enormous mass of MS. notes— very much of which has never been printed in any form. This was, of course, tho most important item in the library, the collection of the material contained in those eight volumes having occupied many years of Canon Jackson's life. It is needless to sny that this would have been an extremely valuable addition to the Society's possessions, but it fell eventually to Mr. Quaritoh for £158, a sum considerably beyond the 198 Additions to Museum. poinfc.it which tho representatives of the Society felt constrained to stop. Mr. Quaritch purchased the collection on behalf of Lord Houghton, who in succeeding to Lord Crewe's estates has become possessed of much of the old Hungerford property in Wilts. The original rough jottings and notes used in the formation of the complete collection, bound in two volumes, folio, also fell to Mr. Quaritch for £3 10.?. Mr. Quaritch also secured a valuable folio MS. History of Gore of Alderton for £7 ; a copy of " Jackson's History of Grittleton," with a large number of old deeds, letters, and notes inserted, for £5 10*. ; a collection of notices, guide-books, and histories of Farley Hungerford, with MS. annotations and corrections, for £5 10*. ; The " Guide to Farleigh Hungerford," large paper, with a number of beautiful drawings, &c, inserted, for £5 7*. 6c?.; a collection of MSS. relating to the same place, with many pedigrees, documents, and drawings, for £6 5.?. A manuscript Visitation of the County of Wilts taken circa 1565 by William Harvey, Clarencieux King of Arms (stated to have been sold in 1832 for £16 16*.), brought £6 15*. From the Society's point of view it was somewhat unfortunate that the " Hungerfordiana " came at the very end of the sale, as the Society's representatives were obliged to reserve themselves for this, and to let a considerable number of seventeenth and eighteenth century pamphlets and other matters of interest to the county go to the booksellers at very low prices. They succeeded, however, in securing, for the very moderate expenditure of £8, some fourteen lots, mostly consisting of MSS. by the late Canon, containing a good deal of valuable unpublished Wiltshire matter, as well as a certain number of original documents of much interest, and some printed items, &c, new to the library — most of which are catalogued in the additions to the Library printed in the Appendix to the Library Catalogue. It may be mentioned here that Canon Jackson's Collections for Wilts Bibliography are among the papers given to the Library of the Society of Antiquaries, London. ^Ubitions to |Httscum. Square Wooden Trencher : presented by Mr. Jonah Wells. Specimens of Geranium sylvaticum, found at Potterne : presented by G. S. A. Waylen, M.R.C.S. Portrait of Mr. William Cunnington, F.S.A., of Heytesbury, Wilts ; painted for Sir Richard Coit Hoare, by Samuel Woodforde, R.A., in 1807. Purchased of the Hoare Estate by his Grandson, William Cunnington, F.G.S., of London, in 1884, and presented by him to the Wilts Archaeological and Natural History Society, June 10th, 1895. Additions to Museum. The following Tokens, new to the Museum, by purchase : — 199 No. in Williamson. No. in Boyne. Value. Number of Specimens in the Society's Museum. 55* 35* BARNABAS . RVMSEY=Grocers' arms. OF . COLLINGBORNE = 1667.1 3 1 156 111 IOHN . FARMER=I.E.F and a roll of tobacco. OF . PYRTON . 1668=HIS . HALF PENY. h 1 174 123 nor>T)"RT?r> "RT.T.TOTT Ti\r=Arms of Elliott family : a fesse. SARITM . GROCER . 1666= The Grocers' arms. i it 1 258 175 IOHN . SLADE . 1667= A heart IN . WARMISTER = I.S. i 4 1 And second examples of : — Williamson 4 — .Richard Clark, Aldbourne. 7 — Robert Harrison, Amesbury. i) 11 — I. Clark, Bishopstone. 144 — Oliver Shropshire, Marlborough. ,, 158 — John Ston, Ramsbury. „ 205 — Francis Manings, Sarum. William Chandler, in Bradford, 1650 : presented by the Rev. W. N. C. Wheeler. Drawings, Engravings, &c, Presented to the Library. By Rev. W. C. Plenderleath : — Forty-one Wiltshire Prints. „ C. E. Ponting, F.S.A. : — Engraving of Malmesbury Abbey. G. E. Dartnell : — Prints of Malmesbury Abbey. „ Miss Budd :— Two Wiltshire Prints. „ Mr. Brown : — Original Drawing of Staff in possession of Mr. Butcher, of Devizes. 1 This differs from the description given by Williamson and Boyne in that it has no b.e. on the reverse. 200 Additions to Museum. By Rkv. E. H. Goddard : — Forty Original Drawings of Roman and Saxon Objects from Cold Kitchen, Southgrove, and Bassett Down. — Nineteen of Wilts Corporation Plate. — Seven of Wilts Church Plate. — Drawing of Altar by Pugin, Jim. — Five Prints. „ Me. H. Bbakspeab : — Original Drawing of Upper Upham Manor House. „ Mb. A. D. Passmobk : — Photo of Stone Axe, perforated. [The Books recently added are printed separately as an Appendix to the Library Catalogue.] HURRY & PEARSON, Printers and Publishers, Devizes. AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. h'om 1st January to 31st December, 1894, both days inclusive. L ACCOUNT. CR. 1894. DISBURSEMENTS. £ s. d. Dec. 31st. By Cash, sundry payments, including Postage, Carriage, and Miscellaneous Expenses 24 6 7 Printing and Stationery 17 15 7 Printing, Engraving, &c, for Magazines : — No. 81 66 4 8 No. 82 35 16 7 / 102 1 3 Inquisitions Post Mortem, Part II. 16 16 0 Expenses at Museum 11 13 2 Attendance at ditto 23 8 0 Property and Land Tax 2 9 0 Insurance 4 19 4 Sundry additions to Museum and Library 20 15 7 63 5 1 Printing Catalogues ... 34 3 4 Commission, &c 20 3 4 Balance in hand, viz. : — Savings Bank 214 9 8 Financial Secretary 5 8 11 Consols, 2f % at cost ... 100 0 0 Less :— 319 18 7 Due to Capital & Counties Bank 3 3 3 Due to Rev. E. H. Goddard ... 0 0 6 3 3 9 316 14 10 £595 6 0 ^HIP FUND. CR- 1894. £ s. d. Jec. 31st. By one-tenth to General Income Account 6 19 10 Balance in Savings Bank 62 18 9 £69 18 7 DAVID OWEN. Financial Secretary. HAM i 1st >bey WILTSHIRE ARCH^EOLOGICA H. Account of Receipts and Disbursements of the reatly 7 county DR. 1894. Jan. 1st. Dec. 31st. RECEIPTS. To balance brought from last account „ Cash, Entrance Fees, and Annual Subscriptions re- ceived from Members during the year, viz. : — 31 Entrance Fees ... 16 5 Subscription for 1890 0 10 1891 0 10 1892 2 12 1893 16 5 1894 158 0 1895 2 2 GrEI* already in Nos. 3, 1 1 5 31 301 4 0 ^unty the ith 196 6 6 Transfer from Life Mem- bership Fund 6 19 10 203 6 4 Cash received for sale of Magazines 28 11 11 Ditto Jackson's u Aubrey " 1 5 0 Ditto Preston's " Flowering Plants " 0 8 0 Ditto Pamphlets sold 0 7 8 Ditto Admissions to Museum 7 0 0 Dividends on Consols 2 13 0 Devizes Savings Bank, interest 4 16 2 Balance of Marlborough Meeting ... 15 15 0 £595 6 0 DR. LIFE MEM BE 1894. £ s. d. Jan. 1st. To balance brought from last account 57 18 11 April 13th. To Life Membership Subscription 10 10 0 Dec. 31st. Savings Bank interest 19 8 £69 18 7 Audited and found correct, 9th May, 1895. JOHN WILSHIN, ") G. S. A. WAYLEN, ) Au>di\ 200 Additions to Museum. By Rsv. E. H. Goddabd : — Forty Original Drawings of Roman and Saxon Objects from Cold Kitchen, Southgrove, and Bassett Down.— Nineteen of Wilts Corporation Plate.— Seven of Wilts Church Plate.— Drawing of Altar by Pugin, Jun.— Five Prints. „ Me. H. Bbakspeab :— Original Drawing of Upper Upham Manor House. „ Mb. A. D. Passmobn :— Photo of Stone Axe, perforated. [The Books recently added are printed separately as an Appendix to the Library Catalogue.] HURRY & PEARSON, Printers and Publishers, Devizes. WILTSHIRE ARCH^OLOGICA L AN Account of Receipts and Disbursements of the S- jciety from DR. 1894. Jan. 1st. Dec. 31st. GrKl RECEIPTS. To balance brought from last account 3 „ Cash, Entrance Fees, and Annual Subscriptions re- ceived from Members during the year, viz. : — 31 Entrance Fees ... 16 5 0 1 Subscription for 1890 0 10 6 1 „ 1891 0 10 6 5 „ 1892 2 12 6 31 „ 1893 16 5 6 301 „ 1894 158 0 6 4 „ 1895 2 2 0 CERAL £ s. d. 196 6 6 Transfer from Life Mem- bership Fund 6 19 10 ; 203 Cash received for sale of Magazines 28 Ditto Jackson's Aubrey " 1 Ditto Preston's " Flowering Plants " 0 . Ditto Pamphlets sold 0 Ditto Admissions to Museum 7 Dividends on Consols 2 Devizes Savings Bank, interest 4 Balance of Marlborough Meeting ... 15 £595 6 0 DR. 1894. Jan. 1st. April 13th. Dec. 31st. LIFE MEMBE1 To balance brought from last ac To Life Membership Subscript! ,, Savings Bank interest Audited and found correct, 9th May, 1895. JOHN WILSHIN, 7 ... G. S. A. WAYLEN, ) Audt) D NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 1st January to 31st December, 1894, both days inclusive. ACCOUNT. c 1894- DISBURSEMENTS. £ s. Dec. 31st. By Cash, sundry payments, including Postage, Carriage, and Miscellaneous Expenses 24 6 Printing and Stationery 17 15 Printing, Engraving, &c, for Magazines :— No. 81 66 4 8 No. 82 35 16 7 102 1 Inquisitions Post Mortem, Part II. 16 16 Expenses at Museum 11 13 2 Attendance at ditto 23 8 0 Property and Land Tax 2 9 0 Insurance 4 19 4 Sundry additions to Museum and Library 20 15 7 63 5 Printing Catalogues ... 34 3 Commission, &c 20 3 Balance in hand, viz. : — Savings Bank 214 9 8 Financial Secretary 5 8 11 Consols. 2i% at cost ... 100 0 0 319 18 7 Due to Capital & Counties Bank Due to Rev. E. H. Goddard ... SHIP FUND. DAVID OWEN. Financial Secretary. Cas staf xpe' cinti N THE ANNUAL MEETING for 1895 will be held at Cousham on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, July 31st, August 1st and 2nd. Corsham Court, Castle Combe, and Lacock Abbey will be among the places visited. QUERIES AND REQUESTS. Wilts Dialect. Mr. G. E. Dartnell, Abbottsfield, Salisbury, and the Rev. E. H. Goddard, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Basselt, would be greatly obliged if Members interested in the dialect of the county would send them notes of any Wiltshire words not already noted in " Contributions towards a Wiltshire Glossary" in Nos. 76, 77, and 80 of the Magazine. Notes on Local Archeology and Natural History. The Editor of the Magazine asks Members in all parts of the county to send him short concise notes of anything of interest, in the way of either Archeology or Natural History, connected with Wiltshire, for insertion in the Magazine. Churchyard Inscriptions. The Rev. E. H. Goddard would be glad to hear from anyone who is willing to take the trouble of copying the whole of the in- scriptions on the tombstones in any churchyard, with a view to helping in the gradual collection of the tombstone inscriptions of the county. Up to the present, about 35 churches and churchyards have been completed or promised. The English Dialect Dictionary. — Help needed. Professor Joseph Wright, of Oxford, appeals for help from those interested in philological studies, in reading and " slipping M Glossaries and books containing dialect words, in order that the work may be sufficiently advanced to enable him to begin the task of editing the enormous mass of material — weighing about one ton — which has been accumulating for the last twenty years. The Dictionary is to cover entirely different ground from that of Murray's " New English Dictionary," being confined strictly to non-literary English. Anyone willing to help may obtain full information from Professor J. Wkight, 6, Nor ham Road , Oxford ; or G. E. Dartnell, Esq., Abboltsjieldj Strafford Road, Salisbury. WILTSHIRE WORDS, a Glossary of Words used in the County of Wiltshire, by G. E. Dartnell and the Rev. E. H. Goddard. 8vo, 1893. Pp. xix. and 235. Price, 15*. net. A re-publication by the English Dialect Society of the three papers of " Contributions towards a Wiltshire Glossary which have appeared in the Wilts Arch. Mag.^.'m connected form, with many additions and corrections, prefaced by a short grammatical introduction, and containing twelve pages of specimens of Wiltshire talk. Henry Frowde, Amen Corner, London, E.C. TO BE DISPOSED OF, a duplicate copy of each of the following books : — Hoare's "Ancient Wiltshire," 2 vols., folio; " Modern Wilts," Hundreds of Heytesbury, and Branch and Dole, 2 vols., folio ; Canon Jackson's "History of Grittletou," 4to. ; Aubrey's '* Natural History of Wilts," 4to. ; Smith's " Choir Gaur," large paper 4to. ; also the first five vols, of " The Wilts Magazine," containing all the rare numbers of that publication. — Apply to Mii. W. Cunnington, 58, Acre-lane, London, S.W. Wiltshire Books wanted for the Library. The response to the appeal issued on the cover of the Magazine has been so encouraging— no less than sixteen out of the torty-hve books asked for having been presented already— that this second list of " Books wanted " is printed in the hope that it may meet witn equal good fortune. . Sir T. Philipps. Wiltshire Pipe Kolls. flobbes (T.), Leviathan. N. Wilts Musters. Rotnlus Hilde- Oliver (Dr G ). CoUections illust a branch de London and Johis de- ting a Hi* ory of Catholic Religion Harnham &c m Cornwall, Wilts, &c. Hoare. Reg'istrum Wiltunense. Bishop Burnet. History of His Own Chronicon VilodUnense, fol. Time. Hoare Family. Early History and Ditto History of the Reformat Genealogy, &c., 1883. ditto Passages in Life of John, Norris, Rev J., of Bemerton. Works. ^ Earl of Rochester Beckford. Recollections of, 1893. Warton (Rev. J., of Salisbury) . Poems, Beckf^sT^r^ot'^nLgarSl. WooZ Trade of Wilts, Gloucester, Beckford Family. Reminiscences, 1887. and Somerset. iyUo. Lawrence, Sir I Cabinet of Gems. Wiltshire Worthies, ^te^og^l ditto Life and Correspondence. and Topographical, by F. Stiattora, by Williams. 1882. Sporting Incidents in the Life of Riot m the County of Wilts 1739 another Tom Smith, M.F.FT., 1867. Price Senes of Observa ions , on the Marlborough College Natural History Cathedral Church of ■Salisbury. Society.^ Reports. 1868-69-72.81- ^~ S^^K Lord" Clarendon. History of the Gillman's Devizes llf^%}^^' Rebellion, Reign of Charles II., R- Jeffenes Any of his Works. Clarendon Gallery Characters, Claren- Besant's Eulogy of R Jeffenes. don and Whitelocke compared, the Morris Mar ston and Stan ton Clarendon Family vindicated, &c Description of the Wilton House Cassan s Lives of the Bishops of Salis- ^rt^J^ LiHf' Thomas Boulter, of Poulshot, Mrs. Marshall. ^^^^ Highwayman. Maskeli's Monumenta Ritualia. barum Broad Chalke Registers. Moore, 1881 Use. t r^Ktian Art Akermans Archaeological Index. Armfield. Legend of Christian Art- J. Britton. Bowood and its Literary Salisbury Cathedral 1869 Associations Walton's Lives. Hooker. Herbeit. V Any Books, Pamphlets, Ac. written by Natives of Wiltshire on any subject will also be acceptable. AGENTS FOR THB 8ALK OP THK WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE. Bath......... C. Hallett, 8, Bridge Street. Bristol James Fawn & Sons, 18, Queen s Road C. T. Jefferies & Sons, Redcliffe btreet. Calne A. Heath & Son, Market Place. Chippenham. ...... R. F. Houlston, High Street. Cirencester A. T. Harmer, Market Place. Devizes ........... Hurry & Pearson, St. John Street. Marlborough Miss E. Lucy, High Street Oxford Jas. Parker & Co., Broad Street. Salisbury Brown 8c Co., Canal. Trowbridge G. W. Rose, 66, Fore Street. Warminster B. W. Coates, Market Place. No. LXXXIV. DECEMBER, 1895. Vol. XXVIII. TIJE WILTSHIRE Irrliiwilogirnl unit linttmil listartj MAGAZINE, OF THE SOCIETY FORMED IN THAT COUNTY, A.D. 1853. EDITED BY REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe Vicarage, Woottou Bassett. Price, with Pari III. of Wilts Inquisitions, 5s. 6d. ; NOTICE TO MEMBEES. TAKE NOTICE, that a copious Index for the preceding eight volumes of the Magazine will he found at the end of Vols.j viii., xvi., and xxiv. Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society for the current year, are requested to remit the same forthwith to the Financial Secretary, Mr. David Owen, 31, Long Street, Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply of Magazines should be addressed. The Numbers of this Magazine will be delivered gratis, as issued, to Members who are not in arrear of their Annual Subscrip- tions, but in accordance with Byelaw No. 8 " The Financial Secretary shall give notice to Members in arrear, and the Society's publications will not be forwarded to Members whose Subscriptions shall remain unpaid after such notice." All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre- taries : H. E. Medlicott, Esq., Sandfield, Potterne, Devizes ; and the Rev. E. H. Gtoddard, Clyff e Yicarage, Wootton Bassett.- A resolution has been passed by the Committee of the Society, " that it is highly desirable that every encouragement should be given towards obtaining second copies of Wiltshire Parish Registers." THE SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS. To be Obtained of Mr. D. Owen, 31, Long Street, Devizes. THE BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. SMITH, M A. One Volume, Atlas 4to, 248 pp., 17 large Maps, and 110 Woodcuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 2s. One copy offered to each Member of the Society, at £1 lis. Qd. THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 870. 504 pp., with map, Extra Cloth. By the Rev. T. A. Preston, M.A. Price to the Public, 16*. ; but one copy offered to every Member of the Sooiety at half-price. CATALOGUE OF THE SOCIETY'S LIBRARY AT THE MUSEUM, Price 3*. Qd. ; To Members, 2s. Qd. APPENDIX No. I, 3d. CATALOGUE OF WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS IN THE SOCIETY'S COLLECTION. Price Qd. BACK NUMBERS OF THE M AGAZINE. Price 5s. 6d. (except in the case of a few Numbers, the price of which is raised.) A reduction, however, is made to Members taking several copies. STONEHENGE AND ITS BARROWS, by W. Long. Nos. 46-7 of the Magazine in separate wrapper, 7s. Qd. This still remains the best and most reliable account of Stonehenge and its Earthworks. GUIDE TO THE STONES OF STONEHENGE, with Map, by W. Cunnington, F.G.S. Price Qd. WILTSHIRE— THE TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS ' OF JOHN AUBREY, F.R.S., A.D. 1659-1670. Corrected and Enlarged by the Rev. Canon J. E. Jackson, M.A.,- F.S.A. In 4to, Cloth, pp. 491, with 46 Plates. Price £2 10s. INDEX OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL PAPERS. The alphabetical Index of Papers published in 1891, 1892, 1893, and 1894, by the various Archaeological and Antiquarian Societies throughout England, compiled under the direction of the Congress of Archaeological Societies. Price 3d. each. THE BIRDS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo, 613 pp., Extra Cloth. By the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. Price reduced to 10*. Qd. THE WILTSHIRE Irrjjmlogintl iraii Bnfaral iiistaj MAGAZINE. No. LXXXIY. DECEMBEE, 1895. Vol. XXVIII. Contents;* page Repobt of the Wiltshire Akch^ological ane Natubal History Society for the Year July, 1894— July, 1895 201 Notes on the Documentary History of Zeals : by John Batten, F.S.A 203 Index to the "Wiltshire Institutions " as printed by Sir Thomas Phillipps : compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A. , February, 1851 210 A Sketch of the History of Hill Deverill : by John U. Powell, M.A 235 Notes, Archaeological and Historical 252 Personal Notices of Wiltshirembn 266 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles 269 Additions to Museum and Library 277 Report of the Sub-Committee on a Photographic Survey of England and Wales .„ Report of the Ethnographic Survey — ILLUSTRATIONS. 16th Century Spur found at Malmesbury Abbey 263 Iron Key of the Roman Period found at Oldbury Camp 263 Bronze Armlet from Lake 263 DEVIZES :— Hurry & Pearson, 4, St. John Street. THE WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE. "multobum manibus gbande levatub onus." — Ovid. DECEMBER, 1895. gegott of tjre Mtltejwe JrcJ»oIogtc»l atto Jtatural Pistocg jJooetg JFor tfje fear 3ulg, 1894 — 3ulg, 1895. [i?eaG? a£ Me General Meeting of the Society at Corsham, July 3\st, 1895.] |§|HE Committee is able to state with pleasure that the Society continues to flourish. " As to our numbers, we had on our books on July 1st, 1894, twenty-three Life Members, three hundred and fifty-two Annual Members, and twenty-one Exchange Members, making a total of three hundred and ninety-six. During the year ended 30th June last twenty-two new Annual Members and one Exchange Member have been elected. "We have lost by death one Life and five Annual Members; by retirement one Exchange and seventeen Annual Members, leaving a total of three hundred and ninety-five. " As to finance, a copy of our accounts for the year 1894 was issued with the last number of the Magazine. The amount of sub- scriptions received was slightly in excess of the amount in 1893. So also were the amounts received for sale of the Society's publi- cations, and for admission to the Museum. We have to thank the Mayor of Marlborough and the Local Committee over which lie presided for the sum of fifteen guineas, handed over as the balance VOL. XXVIll. NO. LXXXIX. P 202 Report of the Society for the Year 1895. of the local fund raised in connection with our visit to that town. The cost of additions made to the contents of the Library and Museum has been a little above the average, and the printing of catalogues is of course an exceptional expense. These items account for the reduction of the balance by about £15 below the amount brought forward at the commencement of the year. We have to thank the Honorary Auditors for so carefully performing their duties. " As to the Magazine, Nos. 82 and 83 have been issued during the year, and have been approved of by many of our Members. In addition to this the Catalogue of the printed books, pamphlets, manuscripts, and maps in the Society's Library, referred to in our last report, has been issued, and an appendix has quickly followed it. The Committee consider that the thanks of the Members are due to Mr. Heward Bell, the Honorary Librarian, and Mr. Gtoddard, for their painstaking work in connection with this laborious task. The rapid appearance of the first appendix is largely due to the prompt reply to the appeal for ' Wiltshire Books wanted,' which appeared on the cover of the Magazine, It is hoped that the books sent have been in every case acknowledged. The thanks of the Society are due to the donors. As we gradually increase the col- lection of Wiltshire books further numbers of the appendix will be issued. Part 2 of the ' Abstracts of Wilts Inquisitiones post mortem 9 has been issued uniform with the Magazine. It is hoped that the Catalogue of drawings and prints and that of the Stourhead Collection may shortly be issued. The short notices of Wiltshire books, pamphlets, and articles, and also of Wiltshire notabilities commenced in No. 82 of the Magazine are a new feature, and will in course of time form a valuable record. The additions to the Museum comprise a portrait of Mr. William Cunnington, F.S.A., 1807, and a valuable collection of Wiltshire fossils, presented by Mr. W. Cunnington, F.Gr.S. ; and other objects of interest as recorded in the Magazine. At the sale of Canon Jackson's Library in London in the month of May a few books and several manuscripts were purchased. Many books have also been acquired by the disposal of duplicates. The Committee has had some communication JYofes on the Documentary History of Zeak. 203 with the County Council on the subject of the "Wild Birds Pre- servation Acts. The remains of the Pleiosaurus referred to in our | last report have been most carefully and accurately put together as far as possible, and are now exhibited in the Museum. The Com- mittee have not lost sight of the Memorial to Canon Jackson, but are not yet in a position to make a recommendation on the subject. " Mr. Medlicott and Mr. Pouting attended the Annual Congress of Archaeological Societies at Burlington House in July, 1894. " An account of the Meeting of the Society at Marlborough last I year appears in the last number of the Magazine. Thanks are due I to Mr. Pouting, F.S.A., and Mr. Doran Webb, F.S.A., for the very great services rendered by them as guides at various points during the excursions. " We are meeting this year for the first time at Corsham, and it ( is hoped that the Society will be enabled to visit places which it has not before been possible to visit from Chippenham or Bradford." jtotes an tjje gwttmcntatg Jigtcrg of j&als. By John Batten, F.S.A. Z|Sp^EALS, or Seals, a tything in the parish of Mere, contained g|pj two manors called, after their ancient lords, Zeals Ailesbury and Zeals Clivedon. Sir Eichard Hoare 1 observes that there is a wide gap in the records relating to Zeals until it became the property of the Chafyn family, but the following facts, gathered from the muniments of the present owner, Mr. Chafyn Grove, and other sources, will, it is hoped, help to fill up the gap to which the learned historian refers. 1 History of Modem Wilts, I., p. 31. v 2 204 Notes on the Documentary History of Zeals. It is recorded in the reign of Henry III.1 that Alured, or Alfred de Nichol, or Lincoln, held in " Seeles " one knight's fee of John Fitz Greoffry, and he of the Earl of Salisbury, and he of the King ; and it may be presumed that this was the knight's fee held in 1168 by Alured de Nichol of the Earl Patrick2. Alured de Lincoln died about A.D. 1264, and we learn from the inquisition taken after his death that "he held of John Fitz John the manor of Celes, which formerly was given in free marriage with Matillda, his mother." His wife, Joan, survived him, but he left no issue, and his nephew, Eobert Fitzpain (son of his eldest sister, Margery), Beatrix, his second sister (wife of William de Grovis), and Albreda de Lincoln, his youngest sister, were his co-heirs.3 Beatrix must have died shortly after, as in the division of her father's estates the manor of " Seeles," the manor of Duntish, in Dorsetshire, and other manors in that county and in Somersetshire were allotted to her son, William de G-ovis, who received seisin thereof.4 The family of De Grovis was of Norman origin, deriving its name from the ville of Grouvis, near Caen. Petronilla, the wife of William de Grovis, was a Norman lady who seems to have lived entirely in Normandy, and their daughter Joan was born there.5 Petronilla survived her husband, and after his death her claim to dower out of his lands in England was disputed on the ground of her being an alien.6 In the year 1272 (1 Edw. I.), i.e., before the statute of " quia emptores " which prohibited subinfeudations, William de Grovis granted his manor of " Seles " to Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, lord of the manor of Mere, and his heirs, under the annual rent or render of 12d. or a sparrow hawk ; and in the following year the Earl granted it to Walter de Ailesbury. Walter was, it appears, a special favourite of the Earl, who appointed him, some years after, Governor of the Castle and Honour of Wallingford, 1 Testa de Nevill, p. 133. 2 Liber Niger, by Hearne, I., 107. 3 Esch. 48 Hen. III., No. 19 ; Rot. Fin. Extr. II., 412. 4 Esch. 48 Hen. III., No. 19. 5 Inq. 29 Edw. I., No. 190. 6 Inq. taken at Dorchester, 11th November, 19 Edw. III. By John Batten. 205 and also of the Honour of St. Valerie.1 Zeals continued for many generations in the de Ailesbury family, and in 1417 Sir Thomas j de Ailesbury, two years before his death, settled it on his daughter I Isabella, the wife of Sir Thomas Chaworth.2 Sir Thomas Ohaworth died about the year 1460, and it was found by inquisition that he held the manor of " Zeals Ailesbury " as tenant by the curtesy after the death of his wife Isabella, of the inheritance of William Chaworth, her son and heir, then twenty-eight years old, and also chat the manor was held of William, Bishop of Winchester, as of I his manor of Ambresbury, but was formerly the manor of the Earl I of Salisbury.3 In 1483, on the death of Thomas, son and heir of William Chaworth, without issue, the manor came to his sister and heir, Joan, the wife of John Ormond, Esq., of Alfreton, Co. Derby, and in the Church of that place there are brasses to their memory. Joan Ormond died in 1507 and left three daughters only, and by a settlement made by her, the manor was divided amongst them equally in tail, with remainder to her own right heirs. Joan, the eldest daughter, was married to Sir Thomas Dynham, Kt., of Sythorpe, Bucks ; Elizabeth, the second daughter, to Anthony j Babington, of Dethick (grandfather of Anthony, the conspirator against the life of Queen Elizabeth) ; and Anne, the third daughter, ] to William Meringe, Esq. Anne died without issue, by which j event her one-third vested in her two surviving sisters. Joan and I Elizabeth, but Joan seems to have acquired the share of her sister Elizabeth also. She survived her husband, Sir Thomas Dynham, and was married to Sir William Fitz William, Kt. Afterwards i she and her husband levied a fine of the entirety of this manor, and j in 1534 granted a lease of certain parts of it to Thomas Chafyn, I Esq., for the lives of himself, Margaret, his wife, and Thomas, their son. Joan died in 1540, leaving two sons, George and Thomas Dynham, between whom were conflicting claims to the property. Thomas, the younger, sold all his rights (including the reversion of Chafyn' s leasehold) to one Percy, but Chafyn refused to pay rent 1 Dugdales Warwickshire, reprint 1765, p. 580. 2 Esch. 6 Hen. V. 3 Esch. 37 Hen. VI. 20(i Notes on the Documentary HMory of Zeals. to Percy, setting up a title under a purchase from George Dynham. Percy being a poor man could not contest the matter, and therefore sold his right to Charles, Lord Stourton : he was not so easily satisfied, and when he could get no rent " thrust Ohafyn out of possession," but he was soon reinstated by order of the Star Chamber, probably because his leasehold interest still existed. Upon Lord Stourton's attainder for the murder of Hartgill all his rights in the manor were forfeited to the person on whom the overlordship had descended from William Govis, the original grantor. This was proved to be Lewes, Lord Mordaunt, and in 1567 he proceeded by action of ejectment to recover it from William Chafyn, the son of Thomas, the lessee. It was necessary for Lord Mordaunt, in order to establish his title, to prove his heirship, and this was done by records produced in court. It was shown by Inquisition that William de Grovis died in 1299 and that amongst his possessions he held a knight's fee in " Seles " in capite of Richard Fitz John, which fee Walter de Ailesbury held under him in socage under an annual rent of 12^., and that his heirs were his two daughters, Joan and Alice.1 Joan soon after was married to John de Latimer, and Alice became the wife of Robert de Musters, or Monasteriis, but died in 1311 without issue, leaving her sister Joan her heir, who thereby became owner of the entirety. It was proved also that the manor was held by successive generations of the Latimer family until the reign of Henry VII., when Sir Nicholas Latimer, who died in 1505, was succeeded by his only daughter and heiress, Edith, wife of Sir John Mordaunt, grand- father of Lewes, Lord Mordaunt, the plaintiff in the action, and a verdict was returned in his favour. It is known that his son sold the bulk of his paternal estates in the West, and there is no doubt that the manor of Zeals Ailesbury was then purchased by William Chafyn, Mr. Chafyn Grove's ancestor. The other manor of Zeals Clivedon was at an early period held by a family called " de Seles " and was no doubt the half of a knight's fee which, in the reign of Henry III., Eichard de Seles held of Avice Columbers, and she of the Earl of Salisbury, and he 1 Esch. 27 Edw. I;, No. 53. By John Batten. 207 of the King. Avice was the wife of Michael Columbers, and a daughter of Elias Croc.1 In the reign of Edward II., A.D. 1310, Eichard had been succeeded by John de Seles, and by charter of this date, made at " Seles," he granted to "Walter de Ailesbury one half part of all his lands in Over Seles, Nether Seles, and Wulliton, to be held as of his manor of Seles. This transaction looks as if de Ailesbury had previously nothing more than the over- lordship, which may have included the whole of Zeals, of which the de Seles family were terre tenants. In 1315 John de Seles restored ' to his estate a messuage and mill in Seles, which Eichard, his father, had sold to John de Cove, and in 1331 he made an agreement i with Nichola, his daughter, late the wife of Eobert Coterel, whereby he grants to her for her life certain lands in Seles, and covenanted to provide reasonable maintenance and clothing for Eobert, her son, j Nichola, in return, granting to her father all her lands in Caldecote, within the manor of Stourton. By the end of the reign of Edward III. the manor had come into the hands of Matthew de Clivedon, and it is clear that he acquired it by purchase. He was descended I from a Somersetshire family, who derived their name from Clivedon, J or Clevedon, on the Bristol Channel, a manor which in the Domesday Survey was held by Matthew de Moretaine, who is supposed to be their Norman progenitor. As the elder line of the family had ended in a female, this Matthew must have been a member of a collateral branch. He was married twice. By his first wife he had at least two sons, and to provide for his second wife and her issue a settlement was made by final concord of 50 Edward III., between > John Wykying, John Pykering, and Eobert Combe, plaintiffs, and Matthew de Clyvedon and Joan his wife, defendants, whereby the ; manor of " Seles " and five messuages, one carucate of land, 3s. rent, and rent of a bunch of cloves, in Mere, Caldecote, Seles, Wolverton, and Lyttel Ammesbury, Wiltes, and seven messuages, thirty acres of land, twelve acres of meadow, and thirty acres of wood, in Grayspore, Somerset, were limited to the said Matthew and i Joan and the heirs of their bodies ; remainder to Alexander, son to the said Matthew, in tail; remainder to Eichard, brother of 1 Coll. Top. and Gen., vii., 148. 208 Notes on the Documentary History of Zeals. Alexander, in tail ; remainder to the heirs of the body of the said Matthew to be begotten ; remainder to John de Berkelee, Chiv., and his heirs.1 We learn from the Zeals Court Kolls that after the death of Matthew he was succeeded by his widow, Joan, who held a court there 9 Bichard II., and 8 Henry IY. John de Clivedon appears as Lord. He succeeded to the settled estates as the son of Matthew and Joan, and by charter dated at Nether Seles 30th April, 2 Henry IV. (1401), which was probably preliminary to a settlement on his own marriage, he granted to Eichard Wortford, Eobert Combe, Clerk, William Stourton, Thomas Bonham, and their heirs, one moiety of the manor of Nether Seles and also all lands, &c, which he held in Over Seles, Nether Seles, Wolverton, Scherewton, Ambresbury, Meere, and Stourton, Wilts, and in Graspore, Somerset, "which sometyme were of John or Thomas Seles, and also which were of John Grrenninge, which John Bonham doth there hold at my will of the new purchase of Matthew, my father. Witnesses, John Bonham, Peter Stanton, John Wyking, and others." He died before 29 Henry VI., and his wife, Ann (who had the manor for her jointure), kept the courts until 35 Henry VI., after which her daughters are styled ladies of the manor. With John de Clivedon the family name ended, at any rate in connection with Zeals, as he died without male issue. He died seised of large estates in different counties, — of the manor of Selys, which he held of John Lysse, or Lysley, Kt. [Lisle2], as of his manor of Chute, Wilts, by 1 John de Berkeley was probably the son of Thomas, third Baron Berkeley. He married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Sir John Bettisthorne, Kt., of Chissenbury, who was a large owner of property in Shaftesbury and Gillingham, which he inherited from Margery, his mother. On his tomb in Mere Church he is called the founder of the chantry there, but in fact, he only augmented the ancient chantry in that Church in honour of the Virgin Mary, of which he was patron, by increasing the number of chaplains from one to three, and giving additional lands for their support (Inq. ad q d., 22 Ric. II., No. 96). Benefactors to religious houses and societies were frequently honoured with the title of founders. The connection between the Berkeleys or the Bettisthornes and the Clivedon family remains to be traced. 2 This was John de Lisle, a descendant of Michael and Avice Columbers, owners of the overlordship of the manors of Chisenbury and Clive [Clyffe Pypard], ERRATA. — :0: — p. 208 (note), line 3, dele "of Chissenbury." „ „ line 4, for "tomb" lege "brass." By John Batten. 209 knight's service, — the manor of Corton, also of one messuage and one hundred acres of land, six acres of meadow, and one hundred acres of pasture in Alkanning, and likewise of the manor of Wode- land, all in Wilts, and of the manor of Uphey [Up way], Dorset, and of three hundred acres of land in Heythorn in Southpederton, and of twelve messuages and two hundred acres of land in North- pederton, in the County of Somerset, all which manors and lands descended on his death to his three daughters and heiresses, J ohanna, Elizabeth, and Isabella.1 Elizabeth was married to John More, and Isabella to Eobert Whiting, by whom she had three sons, George, Christopher, and John, and on her death her part descended to her eldest son, George Whiting, and, as both he and the next son, Christopher, died without issue, it came ultimately to John, the youngest son. The entirety of John Clivedon's estates thus belonged to John Whiting, John More, and Elizabeth his wife, and Johanna Clivedon ; and in 1505 they made a partition by which the manor of "Selys" was {inter alia) allotted to More and his wife. Notwithstanding this, under the colour of an inquisition taken after the death of his brother Christopher, John Whiting set up a claim, as his heir to their mother's one-third part, and it was seized by the Crown Escheator pendente lite. Upon the complaint, however, of More and his wife the authorities were satisfied that they were justly entitled to the whole, and pursuant to a decree in Chancery 24 Henry VII. the Crown gave up pos- session to them. They were succeeded by their son, Humphrey More, of Collumpton, Devon, who died 29 Henry VIII. seised of this manor and all the Clivedon lands in and about Mere, leaving John More his son and heir, from whom they were purchased by the Chafyns. It is unnecessary to pursue the descent from Chafyn to Grove, as that is given in detail in the History of Modern Wilts. It may be observed, however, that no notice is taken in that work of the Free which were inherited by their two daughters, Joan and Nichola, the wife of John de Lisle, as co-heiresses. The issue of Joan failed, and thereupon the entirety vested in Nichola and her descendants ( Dc Banco Boll [16] Hillary, 14 Edw. I. 1 Exemplification, dated 29th of November, 24th Hen. VII., of Inquisitions and Proceedings in Chancery. 210 Index to the " Wiltshire Institutions" Chapel at Zeals : but it is clear there was one, for by letters patent, 27 Elisabeth, 1585, "All that the Free Chapel with one-fourth of an acre of land north of the Chapel situate in Zeals Glivedon " was granted to Edward Morrice and James Mayland, from whom it came to the Chafyns. jjntel to % " IRiltsjjite Institutions " %$ prmteti tig Sir Stomas ppiippg, Compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A., February, 1851.* Inteoductoby Notes. In the volume called " Wiltshire Institutions " Sir Thomas Phillipps has given abstracts, only from the Institution Registers of the Bishops of Sarum. There were a great many parishes in Wiltshire under Peculiar jurisdiction, the institutions to which are entered- from A.D. 1548 in the Registers of the Deans of Salisbury. The following is a list of these ancient " Peculiars " in Wiltshire, which, with a great many others in the Counties of Berks, Dorset, and Devon, constituted a large episcopal jurisdiction under the Deans of Sarum. This jurisdiction was abolished by the Queen in Council in A.D. 1847 : — Hungerford ) in Wilts Shalborne ] and Berks Ogbourne St. Andrew Ogbourne St. George Ramsbury Baydon Chute Bedwyn Magna Bedwyn Parva Burbage Close of Salisbury Swallowcliffe Combe Bisset Mere West Harnham Calne Wilsford and Lake Cherhill Woodford Berwick Basset Durnford Blackland Netheravon Highworth Heytesbury South Marston Knook Sevenhampton Horningsham Broad Blunsden Hill Deverel Bishopston[inNorthWilts] Peculiars of the Dean and Chapter of Salisbury : — Bishops Cannings Britford Bramshaw South Broom Homington In the Official of Westbury : — Westbury Dilton Bratton In the Treasurer of Salisbury :— Alderbury Pitton Farley [in South Wilts] * The MS. of this Index was purchased by the Wilts Archaeological Society at the sale of Canon Jackson's Library, May 9th, 1895. It is here printed as left by the author. Its value to anyone wishing to draw up a list of incumbents of any given parish is obvious. Iiulc.v to the kk Wiltshire Institutions. 211 Gaston Royal, near Pewsey, was a royal donative until A.D. 1847, and under no ecclesiastical jurisdiction. The Institution Registers of the Bishops of Salisbury commence with that of Simon de Gandavo, the seventeenth Bishop, in A.D. 1297. The books are by no means perfect, and the following- are the omissions to be principal^ noticed : — Between A.D. 1300 and 1301 many leaves are lost. Some institutions are lost in the }Tear 1328. There is a long deficiency from 1354 to 1361. Again from 1360 to 1375. Parts of 1474 and 1475 are gone. Part of 1481, all 1482, 1483, 1484, and part of 1485. The entries from June, 1493, to the following February are misplaced in the Register. The Register of Bishop Dean is lost, or was never made. The omission is from August, 1499, to May, 1502. An omission from 1557 to 1560. Another from 3rd March, 1584-5, to 24th January, 1591-2. Again from Bishop Cold well's death, 14th October, 1596, to the suc- cession of Bishop Cotton, 12th November, 1598. A deficiency occurs from 6th October, 1645, to 21st June, 1660. And again from the latter end of 1639 to the beginning of 1694. N.B.— 1. — The Roman figures I. and II. refer to the two parts of the work ; both contained in this one volume. [In part I. there are 234 pages. In part II. 107 pages.] 2. — When a number occurs within brackets it signifies that there is a second or third entry (as the case may be) of the name sought, in the page then under examination, e.g., " Aldbourue. 12., 2 [2]."=In the second part of the volume, and second page, are two entries of Aldbourne. A. Abbotstoue {alias Tychburne) Chapel, in White Parish. I., 11, 52, 86, 120, 127 144. Achelhampton. II., 65. Aeon, St. Nicholas. I., 58. Albestone, St. James. I., 72. (Abbeston in Whiteparish.) Album Monasterium. See Whiteparish, alias Whitchurch. Aldbourne. I., 3, 82, 100, 103, 114, 115, 145, 153, 163, 166, 211, 231 ; II., 2 [2], 4, 10, 15, 20 [2], 23, 38, 58, 63, 87, 91. Alderstone (White Parish). I., 17. Alderton, alias Aldriugton. II., 35, 64, 72, 84. Allcannings. I, 17 (bis), 82, 32 (bis), 57, 66, 70, 93, 94, 113, 119, 135, 139, 162, 165, 175, 179, 182, 190, 202, 21 1, 212, 216, 225, 233 ; II., 13, 35, 37,' 50, 64. 84, 101, 106, 107. Allington, alias Aldington (near Amt'sbury). I., 4, 11 (bis), 33, 41, 63, 65, 140, 163, 168, 171, 172, 182, 190, 194, 200, 202, 205, 220 [2] ; II., 12 [2], 45, 55, 58, 61, 83, 88, 97, 99, 105. 212 Index to the " Wiltshire Institutions. Alton Chapel. I., 212 ; II., 21, 24. Alton, Anlton, or Auleton. I., 105, 144, 148, 166, 175, 182, 193. Alton Australis (Prebend), alias Alton Pancras. I., 70, 74 ; II., 44, 50, 63. 71 , 73, 75, 76, 96 [2]. Alton oran. sanct. I., 133. An error for Cettre, or Chitterue All Saints. Alton Borealis (Prebend). II., 39, 43, 48, 58, 77, 91. Alton Berners, alias Barnes. I., 3, 17, 23, 30, 37, 46, 54, 60, 75, 76, 80, 104, 153, 181, 182, 194, 200, 219, 232 ; II., 8, 10, 23, 40, 61, 67, 89, 94. Alton Priors. II., 68, 78. 86, 92. Aleton. I., 15, 27, 28, 44, 48, 58 [2], 69, 74, 77, 79, 83, 109. Aleton, "Archd. Sarum." I., 103. Aulton, " in Wynton Dioc." I., 62. Alvedestone. I., 3, 10, 11, 27 [2]\ 28, 31, 34, 39, 54, 113, 116, 119, 123, 130, 133, 138, 147, 152, 175, 198, 207 ; II., 11 [2], 50, 58. Alwardbury. I., 91., 112. Amesbury. II., 77, 99, 106. Appleton. I., 10, 133. Archdeaconry of Wiltes. See " Sarum." Arley. I., 52. Ashley. I., 7, 9, 12, 23, 26, 29, 55, 58, 61, 66, 74, 79, 95, 97, 99, 103, 143, 145, 146, 152, 166, 177. 190, 208, 216, 223, 226, 234 ; II., 2, 19, 20, 29, 49, 58, 69, 81, 91, 93, 96, 107. Ashton Keynes with Leigh. I., 13, 46, 66, 77, 78, 99, 106, 158, 175, 190, 191, 210, 224, 229 ; II., 11, 13. 33, 55, 59, 92, 93. Ashton, Steeple. I., 33, 71, 77, 86 [31, 101, 117, 119, 129, 151, 174, 187, 193, 200, 203, 205, 207, 224, 232 ; II., 4 [2], 18, 24, 34, 39, 42, 68, 72, 85, 94. Asserton, alias Winterbourne Parva. I., 2, 6, 18, 48, 86, 90, 117, 152, 176. Aston. I., 9. Athelhampston (Dorset). I., 58, 95. Atworth Parva, or Cottle's Atworth. I., 1, 9, 25, 32, 56, 87, 91, 104, 107, 115, 129, 142, 166, 169, 192, 203. Aveburv. I., 1, 17, 28, 35, 47, 72, 84, 93, 94, 104, 105, 129, 130 , 131, 132 [2], 151, 154, 160, 166, 195, 196, 201, 207, 216, 219, 232 ; II., 23, 31, 52, 72, 83, 95. Avington (Winton Dioc). I.. 63. Avon Chapel. I., 28, 45, 49, 68, 132, 133, 143, 146, 186, 187. Axford. I., 33, 182. B. Barford St. Martin's. I., 12 [2], 56 [3], 79, 81, 103, 107, 113, 171, 180, 188' 205, 213, 217 [2] ; II., 19, 21, 30, 35, 44, 52, 78, 90, 102. Barrow on Soar. I., 32. Barton on Dunsmore. I., 35. Bath (St. Michael's). I., 28. Baverstock. I., 52, 53, 106, 138, 154, 159, 160, L74, 195, 199 [2], 206, 215, 229 ; II., 3, 5, 26, 30, 34, 39, 45, 52, 64, 87, 104. Beaminster Prima (Prebend). II., 35, 38, 50, 58, 72, 75, 77, 85, 99, 103. Beaminster 2da (Prebend). II., 42, 53, 56, 72, 92, 104. Compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.8.A. 213 Eeckhampton Free Chapel (destroyed). I., 4, 10, 12 [2], 45, 68, 70, 87, 123, 135, 156, 179, 202, 211. Bedminster. II., 45. 71, 87, 91, 105. Bedwyn Magna (Prebend). I., 32, 178. Bedwyn Parva. I., 216. Beechingstoke. I., 5. 11, 24, 26, 28, 32, 37, 40, 48, 49, 52, 56, 62, 63, 69, 71, 74, 77, 99, 101, 108, 111, 116, 118, 126, 127, 128, 129, 137, 138, 139, 156, 157, 159. 181, 183, 188, 228 ; II., 15, 31, 53, 67, 89. Belle [Belchalwell : Co. Dorset]. I., 8, 24. Bemerton. I., 203, 204. 220, 225 ; II., 11, 15, 16, 21, 23, 29, 37, 71, 78. Bereford. See Barford St. Martin's. Berleye, or Barlegh. I., 20, 37, 39, 41 [3], 48. Berwick St. John. I., 6, 9, 12, 13, 27, 30 [2], 55, 70, 90 [2], 94, 97, 98, 110, 121, 122, 138, 151, 156, 168, 169, 186, 229 ; II., 18, 25, 33, 67, 96. Berwick St. James. I., 2, 6, 7, 10, 28, 30, 49, 112, 131, 134 140, 145, 149, 157, 192, 194, 195, 196, 206, 218, 222 ; II., 7, 18, 19, 24, 31, 38, 39, 61, 62, 72, 76, 77, 80, 81, 84, 88, 92, 95, 100, 107. Berwick St. Leonard. I., 3, 29, 75, 85, 100, 146, 147, 150, 152, 175, 181, 186, 197, 224, 226, 228 ; II., 4, 13, 23, 45, 57, 63, 83, 87, 106. Bessils Legh (Berks). I., 51, 74. Beversbrook Chapel. I., 2. Beynton. I., 10, 34, 35, 48, 55, 57, 86, 90, 106, 108, 111, 113, 114, 115, 129. Biddeston, alias Buddeston St. Peter's (Rectory, including B. St. Nicholas). I. , 20, 27, 42, 52, 53, 76, 105, 108, 111 £2], 124, 133, 144, 148, 157, 158, 164, 166, 170, 174, 188 [2], 189, 194, 233 ; II., 4, 11, 26. Biddestone, alias Buddeston St. P. cum St. 1ST., cum Capella de Slaughterford. II. , 55, 69, 79, 83, 106. Billington, erratum for Willington, alias Calston. II., 68. Bishop's Cannings. I., 180. {See Cannings Episcopi). Bishop's Lavington. (See Lavington). Bishopstone ("super album equum "), alias Ebbesbourne Episcopi, Rectory or Prebend (near Salisbury). I., 31, 43, 63, 105, 108, 113, 132, 144, 149, 154, 196, 197 [2], 201 [2], 207, 217, 221, 223; II, 2, 7, 20, 22, 26, 27, 32, 35, 37, 42, 44, 61, 69, 72, 82, 83, 91, 104. Bishopstone, alias Ebbesbourne Epi. (Vicarage). I., 4, 10, 15 [2], 20, 30, 43, 46, 49, 52, 75, 76, 80, 81, 82, 85, 123, 128, 136, 154, 173, 179, 185, 188, 190, 193, 203, 204, 210, 227 [2], 232 ; II, 7, 13, 19, 25, 27, 42, 61, 72, 91. Bishopstrow. I, 6, 19, 20, 38, 41, 42, 48 (bis), 69, 86, 87, 88, 92 [2], 99 [2], 109, 116, 126 [2], 131, 161, 195, 202 [2], 209, 211, 218, 225; II, 4, 10, 27, 32, 41, 60, 76, 83, 98. Bitton, or Bytton. II, 40 [2], 71, 96, 100, 105, 106. Bixe Gybewynne (Oxon). I, 65, 71. Blanche Paroche. See Whiteparish. Bloxham (Oxon). I, 50. Blunsdon St. Andrew. I, 2, 27, 30, 32, 34, 41, 43, 49, 54, 84, 106, 129, 131, 137, 148, 150, 162, 171 [2], 172, 184, 199, 210, 212, 219 ; II, 2, 34, 39, 53, 60, 67, 79, 81, 82, 107, 2] I Index to the " Wiltshire Institution*." Bosoombe, I., 3, 4, 9, 36, 7G, 80 (bis), 81, 101, 126, 132, 135, 139, 140, 168, 171, 179, 180, 182, 203, 222, 232, 234 [2 J ; II., 8, 15, 16, 24, 30, 35, 37, 39, 49, 51, 57, 60, 67, 69, 73, 84. Dower Chalk. I., 8, 18, 26, 27, 63, 77, 95, 102, 131, 170, 175, 183 [2], 186 ; II., 11 [2], 50, 58. Box. I., 47, 62, 94, 100, 106, 110, 137, 148, 159, 163, 178, 187, 188, 200, 209, 214, 231 ; II., 21, 43, 48, 68, 87, 99, 100. Boyton (Rectory). I., 22 [2], 24, 26, 28, 35, 62, 64 [2], 70, 77, 86, 117, 120, 121, 127, 141, 158, 159, 160, 163, 188, 222 ; II , 1, 5, 43, 54, 61, 81, 82. Ditto (Chantry or Presbitery). I., 23, 41, 43. Ditto Corton or Cortington Chapel. I., 6 [2], 14, 19, 81. Bradfield. II., 101. Bradford. I., 11, 18, 44, 45 [2], 103, 107, 119, 120, 128, 153, 155, 163, 168, 174, 208, 233 ; II., 17, 23, 50, 76, 96, 97, 100, 104, 108. Bradford Peverell (Dorset), Prebend of. I., 24. Bradley, North. I., 14, 40, 41 [2], 46, 55, 74, 91, 95, 98, 116, 118, 119, 144, 165, 180, 210, 211, 212, 215, 219, 229 ; II., 3, 16, 21, 24, 29, 51, 56, 61, 62, 68. Bradley, Maiden. See Maiden Bradley. Bremilham, alias Cowage. I, 1, 27, 42, 46, 51, 75, 77, 100, 102, 103, 106, 111, 121, 123, 127, 129, 130, 135, 136, 155, 191, 234 [2] ; II., 14, 28, 33, 37, 47, 52, 62, 79, 97, 104. Bremhill. I, 2, 3, 4, 20, 24, 49, 53, 62, 64 [2], 75, 76, 77, 104, 115, 118, 129, 130, 138, 147, 172, 194, 204, 212, 217, 231 ; II., 20, 41, 59, 68, 69, 77, 84, 91, 104. Brightwalton. II., 68 (note). Brigmilston. See Milston. Brimpton. I., 72, 119. Brinkworth. I, 11, 27, 39 (bis), 41, 55, 67 [2], 69, 89, 106, 108, 111, 113, 152, 175, 190, 195 [2], 220, 223 ; II., 14, 21, 31, 51, 64, 79, 80, 87, 90, 103. Brixton Deverell I , 54, 56, 74, 75 [2], 80, 87, 88, 100, 103, 117, 122, 130, 136, 143, 154, 159, 161, 171, 185, 201, 218, 224, 225, 227 ; II., 16, 22, 25, 30, 50, 52, 70, 86, 91, 100, 104. Brixworth (Northamp). II., 37. Broad Chalk. I., 2 [2], 3, 11, 26, 32, 34, 39, 40, 44, 55, 75, 78, 82, 92, 93, 107, 127, 144, 150, 152, 161, 182, 196, 228 ; II., 11 [2], 14, 50, 58, 74, 93 [2], 94. Broad Hinton, or Henton Magna. I., 3, 18, 21, 28, 46, 49, 85, 116, 158, 166, 188, 209, 214, 215, 217, 228 ; II., 6, 8, 10, 15, 27, 44, 47, 53, 75, 86, 91, 94, 96, 104, 106. Brokenborough. I., 64; II., 80, 91. Bromham, Church, and Chantry of B.V.M. and St. Nicholas. I., 27, 56, 84, 88, 90, 114, 142, 166, 185, 186, 187, 192, 196, 206, 207, 216, 227 ; II., 1, 23, 29, 54, 69, 96. Broughton Gifford. I., 8, 12, 19 [2], 24, 25, 32, 33, 42, 46, 53, 85, 87 [2], 95, 101, 109, 112, 115, 120, 125, 129 [2], 134, 137, 139, 148 [2], 149, 171, 182, 187, 191, 196, 224 ; II., 1, 11, 16, 17, 40, 41, 64, 70 [3], 81, 94, Brutton. I., 53, Compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.8.A. 215 [Baden (Berks P). I., 49. Buddesden and Ludgershall (Rectory). I., 7, 9, 12, 14 [2], 16, 19, 36, 40, 47, 54, 57, 67, 95, 98, 129, 131, 137, 145. • Bulbridge. See Wilton. ■ Burbage. I., 33, 96, 125 ; II., 44 [2], 45, 50, 68, 93. Burgelon (bj corruption Burghleen, and Byrdlime), Chapel of St. Nicholas. See Porton, in Idmiston. Burstolck (Dorset). I., 11, 13, 20, 25, 29, 48, 62. i Buttermere. I., 8, 9, 10, 13 [2], 16, 17, 22, 49, 54, 59, 64 [2J, 65 [2], 74, 91, 107, 109, 112, 118, 124, 130, 133, 145, 148, 160, 163 |2], 182, 183, 192 [2 J, 195, 205, 208, 220, 234 ; II., 12 [2], 13 [2], 14, 18, 36, 45, 57, 60, 71 [2], 75, 82, 86, 95. i Bylleswick Hospital (near Bristol). I., 187. Byrdlyme. See Burgelon. C. Cadbury (Soin.). I., 58. (Calne (Vic.*). I., 65, 222. Ditto (Prebend of). II., 54, 65. * Ditto (Chantry). I., 206. iCalstone Willington. I., 3, 4 [2], 26 [2], 31, 33 [3], 34, 35, 36, 49, 53, 55, 56, 77 [2], 78, 79, 82, 88, 109, 121, 126, 128, 136, 140, 144, 149, 154, 189, 192, 193, 213, 221 ; II., 1, 12, 17, 46, 68, 78, 102, 104. Cambridge (near Slimbridge, Glouc), St. Katherine's Chantry. I., 131. :Canford (Dorset). I., 95. Mannings, Bishops. I., 11., 14, 25, 27, 30, 35, 73, 75, 89, 98, 109, 112, 115, 118, 149, 162, 172, 174, 180, 182, 205, 210, 233 ; II., 12. Castle Combe. I., 7, 10, 13, 25, 52, 63, 66, 68, 70, 82, 96, 119, 136, 146, 152, 161, 169, 185, 199, 210, 215, 231, 233 ; II., 7, 26, 48, 53, 58, 60 [2 J, 61, 79, 89, 94, 97, 99. iCastle Eaton, alias Eaton Meysey. I., 4, 34, 39, 54, 70, 72, 73, 102, 125, 128, 139, 169, 177, 197, 214, 217, 228 ; II., 12, 14, 29, 39, 43, 44, 45 [2], 63, 70, 80, 99. Caytteway Chantry Chapel. I., 5, 11 [2], 31, 43, 60, 64, 86, 92, 120, 121, 141, 152, 155, 160, 166, 176, 198, 201, 224, 228 ; II., 9, 37, 93. iCedyngton. See Cheddington. Cernecote. See Sharncote. :Cettre. See Chitterne. .Chalbury (Co. Dorset). I., 44, 98. Chalfield, Great, or East, I., 8, 9, 33 [2], 36, 45, 47, 52, 55, 91, 99 [2], 106, > 108, 109, 115, 136, 172, 193, 198 [2], 200, 205, 219, 228, 233 ; II., 1, 3, 14, 35, 42, 48, 51, 52, 80, 107. Ditto Little, or West. I., 55, 56, 72, 100, 128, 172, 176, 184, 206. Chalk Prebend. See Broad Chalk. Chalk (Rochest. Dioc). I., 106. IChardstock (Co. Dorset). II., 48, 62, 76, 82, 85, 103. * William de Wolsely, V. of Calne, 1290. Hist, of Lacock, App., xxiv. 216 Index to the " Wiltshire Institutions. " Charlton (near Malmesbury). II., 31, 57. (See " Westport.") Charlton (near Pewsey). I., 7, 9, 38, 49, 52, 60, 72, 105, 147, 171, 185, 209, 216, 233 ; II., 13, 22, 46, 68, 90. Cheddington (Co. Dorset). I., 9, 45. Chelesbury (Dorset). See Chalbury. Chipping Lavington. See Laviugton (Market). Cherbourg. See Winterbourne Gunner. Cherton, alias Cherrington. I., 6, 27, 35, 41, 89, 91, 112, 114, 126, 137, 141, 146, 158, 178, 191, 199, 216, 230, 231 ; II., 8, 32, 33, 55, 84, 91. Cheselbury. See Chalbury. Cheverell, Great. I., 8, 12 [2], 13 [2], 42, 44, 54, 55, 67, 70, 78, 83, 89, 91, 109, 111, 126 [2], 127, 147, 174, 200, 231 ; II , 2, 6, 12, 30, 35, 36, 51, 63, 86, 88, 98, 105. Cheverell, Little. I., 1 [2], 2, 25, 35, 36, 39, 46, 47, 107, 134, 155, 162, 178, 204 [2], 216, 229, 232 ; II , 13, 22, 29, 46, 52, 65, 78, 81, 90, 98. Ditto Chantry, St. Mary, in Little Cheverell. I., 1, 4, 8, 17, 28, 33, 62, 93, 103, 105, 106, 114, 146, 151. Chicklade. I., 7, 8, 44, 48, 50, 59, 72, 94, 99, 109 [2], 143 [2], 149, 152, 161, 164, 174, 186, 197, 198, 231 ; II, 9, 46, 66, 91, 93, 98, 99. Chilfrorae (Dorset). I., 181. Chilmark. I., 4, 5, 53, 58, 109, 113, 114 [2J, 116, 121, 138, 143, 146, 171, 177, 185, 186, 211, 229, 233 ; II., 6, 22, 24, 40, 46, 61, 72, 84. Chilrey (Bucks). I., 190. Chilton Poliot (Church and a Chantry). I, 26, 31, 36 [2], 38, 41, 43, 47, 49, 50 [2], 61, 64, 69, 70, 73, 74, 83 [2], 94 [2], 122, 125, 127, 128, 133, 142, 144, 147, 156, 170, 178, 180, 185, 186, 187, 195, 222, 223 [2] ; II, 1, 25, 36, 49, 53, 71, 89. Chilton Egge (near Harwell, Berks). I., 31, 208, 216, 228 ; II., 21, 66 (note). Chippenham (Vicarage). I, 7, 10, 27, 31, 47, 53, 61, 63, 67, 70, 87, 91, 96, 128, 147, 156, 157, 159, 180, 185, 199, 214, 217, 227, 231, 233 ; II, 2, 15, 21, 37, 47, 54, 63, 65, 67, 69, 79, 88, 98. Ditto St. John Baptist Chantry, in gift of M onckton Farley Priory : some- times called " Chippenham-Chantry," or " St. Andrew." I, 28, 29, 49, 57, 73, 76, 78, 86, 115, 116, 122, 139, 174, 178, 181, 192 [2], 196, 211. Ditto St. Mary's Chantry— (the llungerford Family). I, 150, 177, 196, 212. Chirton. See Cherton. Chiseldon. I, 8, 21, 23, 32, 34, 37, 44, 45, 47, 51, 58, 61, 65, 70, 73, 98 [2], 99, 104, 105, 115, 117, 126, 127, 129, 135, 138, 142, 149, 160, 163, 172, 197, 211, 212, 221, 222, 230, 231 ; II, 9, 27, 52, 54, 76, 80, 100, 101, 102. Chisenbury (Prebend). II, 36, 44 [2], 45, 54, 56, 61, 70, 84, 92 [2], 103. Chitterne All Saints. I, 7, 24, 26, 102, 117, 118, 124, 133* 157, 170, 178, 179, 215, 223 [2], 230 ; II, 21, 23, 34, 47, 66, 70, 98 [2j. Ditto St. Mary's. I, 17, 27, 47, 51, 76, 113, 134, 151, 159, 160, 161, 169,, 203, 221, 224, 226 ; II, 15, 39, 40 [2], 66, 73, 98, 107. Cholderton, West. I, 1, 6 [2], 7, 21, 31, 43, 85, 87, 136, 141, 143, 149, 162, 175, 177, 198, 223, 231 ; II, 2, 3, 11, 24, 49, 56, 72, 84, 87, 102, 103. * In the text, Alton is an error for Chitterne, Compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.8.A. 217 Christmal-ford. I., 8 [3], 9, 15, 52, 55, 71,[94, 101, 103, 108, 113, 115, 118, 122, 150, 153, 177, 182, 185, 193, 197, 212, 231 ; II., 5 [2], 25, 38, 42, 47, 62, 64, 76. Churhulle (Line. Dioc.). I., HI. Churton. See Cherton. Chute. I., 74 ; II., 36, 44 [2], 45, 54, 56, 61, 70, 81, 92 [2], 103. Claverton (Bath Dioc). I., 81. Cleverton. II., 81, 99. Cliffe Pypard. I., 5, 24, 25, 28, 29, 38 [2], 65 [2], 87,111 [2], 112, 125, 126, 130, 132, 157, 172, 191, 211, 221, 231 ; II., 8, 11, 21, 23, 25, 38,. 40, 55, 71, 84, 90, 96. 1 Codford St. Mary's. I., 1, 18, 19, 53, 54, 90, 118, 127, 170, 177 [2], 185, 190, 216, 218, 221, 226 ; II., 7, 22, 26, 44, 46, 47, 69. I Codford St. Peter's, or West Codford. I., 29, 31, 53, 107, 145, 160, 163, 165, 170, 180, 187, 206, 211 [2], 213, 215 ; II., 4, 6,. 17, 21, 37, 62, 80, 89, 95. j Colerne. I., 1, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22 [2], 27, 34, 35, 36, 44, 52, 60, 69, 87, 91, 93, 94, 101, 108, 109, 110, 123, 125, 130, 150, 162, 166, 175, 182, 185, 187, 198, 209, 223, 224, 228, 231 ; II., 3, 4, 7, 22, 23, 25, 27, 31, 32, 35, 37, 40, 43 [2], 46, 48, 50, 52, 55, 56, 59, 61, 68, 70, 79, 82, 86, 98, I 100. ; Collingbourne Abbats. I., 9, 22 [21, 25, .27, 29, 38 [2], 40, 43, 45, 53, 57, 64, 66, 68, 71, 77, 79, 80, 95, 97, 105, 110 114, 116, 118, 131 [2] ,140, 155, 207, 227 ; II., 84. 1 Collingbourne, alias Regis or Kingston. II.. 6, 24 [2], 33, 34, 47, 67, 76, 80. Collingbourne Comitis, alias Ducis, alias St. Andrew's. I., 7, 15, 19, 26, 70, 73, 92, 103, 122, 128, 184 [2], 211, 212, 216, 230 ; II., 8, 16, 22, 25, 45 [2], 66, 67, 70, 76, 94. ' Combe Prebend. I., 218 ; II., 32, 37 41, 46, 56, 64, 89, 92, 96, 100, 103. j Compton sub Album Equum, or Compton Beauchamp (Co. Berks). I., 8. ; Compton Basset (alias Long Compton, p. 195). I., 10, 11, 23, 33, 54, 56, 103, 122, 147, 164, 167, 182, 188, 195, 200, 204, 207, 215 ; II., 3, 4, 20 [2], 26, 30, 31, 41, 50, 70, 73, 78, 90, 91 [2]. i Compton Chamberlain. I., 6, 13 [5], 15, 20, 23, 24, 55, 58, 92, 93, 100, 109, 113, 119, 151, 170, 177, 198, 234 ; II., 17, 22, 42, 54, 63, 64 [2], 73, 101, 105. ; Compton V. (?) I., 40, 81, 118. Compton Abbas (Dorset). I., 26, 71, 78. Compton Episcopi. I., 157. I Corsham. I., 10, 18, 33, 37, 49, 50, 73, 74, 92 [2], 101, 149, 150, 152, 155 [2], 160, 165, 182 [2], 214, 216, 219, 222 ; II., 19, 24, 29, 35, 52, 55, 60, 73, ! 82, 96. ]- Corsley. I., 7, 9, 14 [2], 23, 29, 33, 45, 62, 79, 82, 83, 115, 120, 123, 130, 132, 144, 145, 169, 183, 197, 208, 219, 221, 228, 230; II., 5, 22, 29, 59, 66, 68, 81, 84, 86, 92, 94, 95. ! Corston, or Corton, in Hillmarton. I., 39, 49 [3], 52, 64, 74, 80, 81, 83, 118, 120, 122, 184, 197. Corston, near Malmesbury. II., 93. See Malmesbury, St. Paul's, i Corton. See Corston, in Hillmarton. H VOL. XXVIII. — NO. LXXXIV. Q 218 Index to the " Wiltshire Institutions." Cortington. See Boy ton. Cottles, or Cotels. See At worth. Coulston, or Covelstone. I., 7, 12, 16, 18, 19, 20 [2], 29, 31, 47 [2], 74, 112, 119, 122, 131, 133, 136, 140, 151, 161, 177, 194, 197, 215, 217, 221, 224; II., 2, 13, 16, 27, 31, 39, 51, 67, 72, 88, 100. Cowitch Beauchamp. See Bremelham. Cowsfield Spileman. I., 30, 39, 47. Ditto Loveraz. I., 7 [2], 12, 17, 36, 47, 118, 145, 154. Ditto Esturmy. I., 67, 87. Cranle. I., 59. Cricklade, St. John's Hospital, I„ 19, 36, 51, 56, 76, 122, 126, 159, 166, 175. Cricklade, St. Sampson's. I., 15 [2], 16 [2], 17, 21, 22, 28, 45, 46, 47 [2], 52 [2], 57, 59, 71, 72, 73 [2], 83 [2], 89 [2], 107, 120, 136, 144, 165, 174, 186, 198, 224; II., 1, 29, 47, 70, 74, 77, 79, 95, 107. Cricklade, St. Mary's. I., 24 [3], 25 [2], 39, 48, 56, 65, 67, 68 [2], 69, 74, 76, 89, 94, 98, 101, 117, 119, 123, 125, 127, 134, 136, 145 [2], 148, 152, 153, 155, 157, 167, 168, 178, 185, 188, 191, 197, 231 ; II., 10, 13, 23, 24, 47, 70, 74, 90. Crosscombe. Ik, 61. Crndwell. I., 3, 16, 55, 57, 58, 63, 66, 79, 115, 120, 121, 142, 144, 160, 165, 166, 189, 191, 199, 201, 216 ; II., 1, 22, 34, 36, 43, 55, 81, 91. Cudham (Rochester Dioc.). I«, 67. Cudlington (Line. Dioc). I., 61. Culstone. See Calstone. D. Damerham, South, with Marton Chapel. I., 13, 18, 36, 53, 75, 84, 86, 112, 140, 144, 150, 158,2160, 172, 185, 205, 217, 225 ; II., 1, 3, 11, 15, 33, 45, 58, 75, 83. Dauntesey. I., 5 [2], 21, 24, 28, 41, 61, 63, 78, 93, 107, 110, 123, 155, 182, 186, 193, 199, 213 ; II., 6. 21, 33, 51, 52, 57, 62, 74, 77, 101. Deanery of Sarum. II., 61. Dean, West, Chantry of St. Mary. I., 51, 57, 78, 80, 101 [2], 102, 106. Ditto Eectory. I., 2, 15, 29, 62, 76, 82, 86, 87, 97, 101 [2], 106, 109, 115, 128, 140, 169, 171, 219, 228 ; II., 11, 24, 32, 38, 53, 65, 76, 79, 90, 97 [2], Dean, East. I., 14, 25, 110, 150. Denford (Line. Dioc). I., 62. Denton (Cant. Dioc). I., 58. DeveriU, Longbridge (or Longpound). I„ 7, 18, 30, 33, 51, 54, 62, 63, 70, 72, 75, 89, 92, 94, 123, 159, 172, 176, 178, 199, 204, 213, 233 ; II,, 7, 11, 27, 38, 40, 58, 79, 105. DeveriU, Kingston. I., 75, 95, 109, 112, 116, 162,189,192, 214,221,228 ; II., 9 [2], 21, 23, 42, 61, 64, 69, 85, 106. Devizes, It. I„ 10, 11, 45, 53, 76, 77. St. J. and St. M., 84, 87, 88, 102, 103, 106, 110, 117, 120, 123, 158, 163, 164, 167, 168, 180, 198, 203, 213,223, 224 ; II., 2, 21, 38, 57, 68, 87, 95. Ditto Priory of Hosp. of St. J. I„ 12, 18, 31, 192. Chantry of ditto. I., 158. Compiled by the uite Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A. 219 Diuton (or Douingtou). I., 7, 17 [2], 25, 27, 31, 37, 52, 54, 73, 76, 77, 78, 79, 85 [2], 90, 91, 108, 111, 120, 124, 128, 132, 133, 137, 138, 146, 158, 168, 170, 176, 193, 201, 202, 203, 210, 211, 218 [2], 225 ; II., 23, 26, 28, 32 [2], 41, 43, 64, 80, 87 [2], 101, Ditchridge. I., 6, 10 [2], 27, 47, 50, 56, 60, 88, 97, 111, 113, 114, 117, 124, 1.30, 160, 176, 180, 210, 212, 218, 219,232; II., 11., 13, 18,33,39,49, 54, 60, 83, 95, 99. Ditchainpton. See Wilton. Dogniersfield (Hants). I„ 58. Doinisellus. I„ 81, 83, 84, 85, 86 (bis), 87 [3], and subsequent pages. ' Donhead St. Andrew. I., 4 [3], 6, 18, 23, 26, 29, 36, 53, 85 [2], 109, 112, 114, 135, 144, 145, 146, 154, 155, 156, 172, 181, 196, 197, 221, 233,^234 ; II., 16, 30, 39, 70, 90, 91, 106, 107. Donhead St. Mary. I„ 1, 42, 57, 85, 124,^128, 137, 158, 181, 187, 211, 218, 222; II., 22, 42, 67, 71, 99. Donington. See Dinton. Downton. I., 5, 16 [2], 53, 67, 88, 98, 100, 101, 105, 109, 118, 135, 139, 200, 218,230; II., 19, 24, 53, 56, 88, 100. Down Aropney. I., 60. Draycote Cerne. I., 5, 34, 40, 65, 69, 83, 96, 98, 101, 102, 143, 144, 149, 150, 151, 165, 198, 221, 231 ; II., 7, 16, 21, 26, 41, 51, 66, 72, 79, 90, 101. Draycotet;Foliot. I., 221, 223, 224, 231 ; II., 6, 27, 51, 57, 67, 78, 90, 96. Dumbieton (Glouc). I. 60. Durnford, Prebend. I., 26, 67, 75, 91, 163, 214 ; II., 42, 44, 49, 60, 77, 82. Durrington. II., 81,^102, 104. E. Easton. I., lla Ditto Hospital. I., 25, 163, 199. Easton Grey. I., 10, 12, 21, 24, 28, 32, 54, 82, 85, 88, 90, 94, 99, 101, 103, 110 [2], 124, 129, 139, 146, 167, 175, 179, 184, 193, 194, 195, 211, 222, 224, 229, 230 ; II., 9, 17, 26, 31, 39, 44, 51, 64, 67, 84 [2], 100. Easton Piers, or Percy, I., 17. Eaton Hastings. I., 165. Ebbesborne Wake. I., 187 ; II., 21. Ebblesborne Episcopi. See Bishopstone. Edyngdon Priory. I., 124, 141, 154, 176, 192. Edyngdon, Preb., Rector, Vicarage, or C. I., 1 [2], 4, 11, 15, 30,33, 34,43, 207 ; II., 92.; Elcombe, or Elicoinbe. I., 8, 16 [2], 25, 41, 48, 52, 56, 108, 126, 139. Elingdon. See Wroughton. Elmerton. See Hillmartoa. Enborne (Berks). I., 16 ; II., 53, 54. Enford. I, 25, 26, 35, 40, 44, 47, 48, 86, 87, 108, 146, 152, 154, 160, 161, 176, 180, 189, 205, 226, 233 ; II., 12, 31, 59, 63, 90, 92, 97. Erdington (Berks), I., 15, Q 2 220 Index to the " Wiltshire Institutions." Erohfont. I., 2, 9, 15, 18, 45, 46, 54 [2], 58, 59, 95, 107 [2], 1 12, 115, 116, 120, 135, 138, 145, 149, 155, 164, 169 [2], 180, 194, 197, 204 ; II., 21, 22, 25, 32, 40, 62, 86, 88, 90, 101, 102. Erlestoke. II., 74, 76, 96. Estcote (in Erchfont parish). I., 16, 19 [3], 23, 35, 93, 108, 116, 118, 134, 182, 202. . Eton (Berks). I., 124. Eton Meysey. See Castle Eaton. Everley. I., 21, 23, 25, 26, 54, 57, 68, 73, 83, 119, 122, 124, 126, 141, 151, 154, 166, 172, 212, 218, 222 ; II., 1, 23, 53, 54, 67, 77, 84, 86, 96, 104. Ewelme (Oxon). I., 49, 59, 87 (note). Ewen, or Ewelme Chapel (Wilts). II., 24 (see Kemble). Eysey. I., 10, 46, 48, 54, 97, 120, 122, 124, 125, 146, 147, 159, 164, 195, 207, 225; II., 12, 21, 28, 39, 59, 63, 64, 67, 80, 90, 91. F. Farley (Monachorum alias Monkton). I., 30, 33, 44, 70, 104, 106, 1 12, 115 [2], 119, 127, 133, 150, 156, 157, 165, 187, 188, 203 ; II., 4, 20, 21, 33, 34, 35, 43, 44, 52, 66 [2], 76, 90, 93. Fenny Sutton. See Sutton Veney. Figheldean. I., 78, 98. Fifhide (Dorset). I., 29, 55, 77/80, 83, 198. Fifield Chapel, in Overton. I., 223 ; II., 28, 68, 78, 86, 92. Fifield Bavant, alias Skydmore. I., 6, 7, 8, 15, 29, 40, 41, 49, 51, 85, 98, 116, 165, 171, 178, 186, 202, 225; II., 4, 18, 23, 43, 51, 73, 88. Fifield Curacy. II., 104. Fisherton Anger (Aucher). I., 17, 31, 66, 82, 84, 123, 135, 138, 144, 147, 160, 174, 195, 196 [2], 213, 228, 233 ; II., 1, 2, 3, 9, 21, 63, 75, 78, 93, 95, 96, 98, 104. Ditto Cryour's Chantry. I., 22, 42, 51, 53, 56 [2], 57 [2], 62, 89, 90, 102, 118, 126, 127, 132, 143, 146, 164 [2], 193, 196, 202. Fisherton Delamere, St. Nicholas. I., 23 [2], 24 [2], 25, 50 [2 , 52, 54, 65, 73, 79, 84, 87, 97 [2], 100, 107, 131, 140, 149, 165, 176, 178, 201, 221, 225, 234 ; II., 7, 19, 32, 34, 56, 66, 70, 86, 89, 97, 100, 104. Fittleton. I., 1, 5 [2], 8, 10, 13, 19, 21, 30, 32, 41, 53, 58, 67, 70, 74, 87, 90, 102, 110, 111, 121, 126 [2], 152, 170, 189, 208, 216, 224, 233 ; II., 12, 22, 25, 30, 41, 42, 63, 86, 99. Fitzwarren. See Stanton F. Fonthill Episcopi. I., 4, 5 [2], 23, 24, 32, 36, 40, 102, 132, 138, 148, 164, 165 [2], 166, 167, 196 [2], 222 ; II., 10, 19, 21, 36, 37, 45, 72, 87 [2], 97. Fonthill Giffard, or Nether Fonthill. I., 2 [2], 3, 17, 26, 30, 37, 42, 74, 78, 89, 90, 99, 124, 133, 149, 196, 213, 214 [2], 224 ; II., 6, 22, 37, 45, 50, 72, 73, 84, 99. Fordington. II., 59, 77, 82, 100. Fovant (Foffunt). I., 6, 55, 73, 96, 97, 115, 122, 162, 183, 185, 199, 208, 217 ; II„ 8, 14, 33, 46, 58, 75, 78, 80 ; II., 8, 14, 33, 46, 56, 75, 78, 80. Foxcote (in Line. Dioc). I., 20. Foxham. II., 41. See Bremhill. CompiM by the late Canon J. E, Jackson, F.8.A. 221 Foxley. I., 30, 54, 59, 73, 105, 109, 123, 126 [2], 127, 129, 148, 169, 184, 221, 228 , II., 14, 16, 21, 35, 36, 60, 80, 105. Froxfield. I., 8, 10 [2], 20, 43, 55, 68, 80, 82, 89, 118, 145, 148, 173, 195, 212, 220, 228 ; II., 3, 7, 8, 14, 30, 40, 59, 82, 86, 94. Fugglestoue. I., 39 [2], 51, 54, 55, 57 [2], 66, 73, 96, 112, 139, 143, 155, 176, 203, 204, 205, 212, 220, 225 ; II., 11, 15, 16, 21, 23, 29, 37, 52, 71, 78, 94. G. ' Garsden. I., 1, 9, 31, 56, 57, 60, 79, 129, 139, 154, 176, 189, 190, 212, 214, 217, 219, 229 ; II., 7, 20, 31, 45, 53, 61, 81, 99. Garsington (Oxon). I., 31. Garston, East (Berks.). I., 105. Gillingham, Major. II., 37, 38, 44, 56, 60, 63, 98. Gillingham, Minor. II., 34, 38 [2j, 41, 53, 54 [2], 72, 86, 103. Godmanstone Chantry. See Sarum. Gonner. See Winterbourne. Gore Chantry. I., 41. Grantham (Aust. and Bor. Prebend). I., 220.; II., 39, 43, 44, 48, 60, 61, 73, 76, 93 [2]. Grately (Wint. Dioc). I., 34. Grimstead, East, I., 7, 63, 111, 141, 165, 167, 185, 215 ; II., 81, 83, 97, 102. Grimstead, West. I., 13, 46, 50, 66, 85, 88, 91, 92, 105, 107, 194 ; II., 13, 15, 19, 22, 36, 38, 54, 69. Grimston. II., 56, 73, 100, 101. (See Yatminster.) Grittleton. I., 22, 82, 84 [2], 89 [2], 102, 103, 108, 115, 118, 123, 133, 139, 159, 174, 189, 196, 209, 211, 216, 226 ; II., 10, 33, 43, 55, 74, 81, 102. Gutting, inferior (Glouc). I., 87 (note). H. Hackleston. See Hakenestone. Hakeborn. I., 4, 24. Hakenestone, or Haklestone, in Fittleton parish. I., 21 [3], '30, 100, 102, 111, 125, 171, 179. Haldeway (in Chute). I., 74. Halstock. II., 51, 73, 76, 95, 105. Halton (B. and W. Dioc). I., 59. Ham. I., 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 31, 62, 74, 77, 147, 169, 172, 188, 224, 231 ; II., 8, 9, 21, 42, 55, 71, 85, 99, 102. Hambury (Wore. Dioc). I., 72. Hampton Pontis (Line. Dioc.), I., 61. Haningfield, South (Lond. Dioc). I., 61. Hankerton. I., 39, 74, 84, 96, 98, 124, 126, 137, 164, 196, 197, 215 ; II., 1, 45, 54, 58, 81, 93. Hanley (Cov. Dioc). I., 64. Hannington. I., 3, 8, 15, 36, 39, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 68, 71 [2], 87, 88, 93, 101, 120, 124, 125, 160, 163, 169, 183, 187, 209 ; II., 1, 9, 14, 15, 23, 29, 37 40, 49, 51, 52, 56, 66, 67, 83, 87. 222 Index to the " Wiltshire Institutions." Hardenhuish. I., 2, 34, 49, 56, 64, 65, 86, 98, 138, 153, 156, 161, 167, 198, 212, 223, 232, 234; II., 17, 21, 23, 38, 47, 69, 79, 85, 88. Harnhain. See Conibe Prebend. Haselbury (Box). I., 41 [2 J, 71, 91, 94 [2], 96, 97, 100, 101, 102 [2], 105, 113, 125, 127, 129, 130, 133, 137, 141, 155, 165, 183, 233 ; II., 5, 14, 38, 52, 69, 92. Haselbury (Co. Dorset). I., 27, 83. Haselbere, or Haselborough (Co. Somerset)* I., 88. Hastingleigh (Co. Kent). II., 76. Hatlierley (Wore. Dioc.). I., 32. Haxton. See Haknestone. II., 22, 25. Hedington. I., 2, 7, 61, 95, 96, 97, 101, 102, 101, 109, 114, 121, 130, 137, 143, 174, 200, 203, 209, 210, 225, 227 ; II., 4, 30, 57, 59, 69, 75, 101. Helton (Dorset). I., 50, 70. Hemington (B. and W. Dioc.). I„ 93. Hendon (Load. Dioc.). I., 59. Henlawe (Line). I., 29. Henton (?). I., 18, 59, 65, 72. Heytesbury Hospital, I., 219 ; II., 40. Highway Chapel. I., 231 ; II„ 41. See Bremhiil* High worth, Prebend, or Vicarage r I., 17, 48, 58, 93, 102, 153, 165, 184, 187, 183, 203, 218, 231 ; II., 3, 8, 11, 16, 17, 41, 48, 50, 64, 75, 88, 93. Hillmerton. See also Wydecornbe and Corston. I., 1, 3, 21, 37, 55, 65, 79, 112> 143, 173, 180, 201, 212, 215, 223, 229 ; II., 14, 26, 36, 45, 64, 75, 102. Hilperton. I., 2 [2], 6, 54, 77, 83, 87, 90, 105, 111, 116, 137, 152, 181, 192, 208, 212, 217, 226, 230 ; II., 13, 19, 25, 32, 46, 58, 74, 88, 94, 99. Hindon, Preb. I., 33. Hinton, Broad, alias Hinton Magna, See Broad Hinton. Hinton, Little. I., 3, 9, 10, 13, 17, 18 [?], 21 [?], 31 [2], 35, 40, 54, 56, 58, 84, 85 [2], 87, 91, 103, 113, 125, 148, 149, 154, 158, 222 [2], 225 ; II., 6, 18, 22, 34, 39 [2], 69, 74, 95 [2], 105, 106. Hynton (Berks). I., 164. Houghton (Line). I., 51, Hullavington. I., 1, 38, 39, 42, 48, 51, 58, 62, 63, 65, 66, 86, 92, 96, 97, 100, 104, 107, 110, 112, 120, 131, 136, 139, 146, 154, 156, 161, 190, 216 ; II., 1, 18, 33, 42, 43, 47, 50, 68, 75, 96. Huish (Doignel). I., 3, 10, 32, 42, 46, 56, 77, 87, 88, 91/92, 97, 103, 111, 117, 118, 121, 125, 135 [2], 146, 148, 153, 154, 160, 161, 164, 165, 167, 172 193, 212 ; II., 15, 24, 41, 46, 74, 82, 88. Hungerford. I., 74, 85, 123, 139 [2], 180. Ditto Holy Trinity, Chantry of Robert Hungerford. I., 81, 85, 86, 99, 112, 113, 115, 131, 138, 167, 173, 211. Hurstbourne. I., 33 ; II., 44 [2], 45, 50, 68, 93. Hyntone. See Little Hinton. Hyntebergh (Hereford). I„ 39 (note). I. Idrniston. I., 4, 11, 34, 40, 65, 78, 81, 103, 118, 120, 124, 128, 131, 132, 133 [2> 187, 232 ; II., 9, 22, 45, 72, 84, 89, 92. See also Burgelon and Porton, Ilchester (B. and W. Dioc). I„ 70. Compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.8.A. 223 Ufracomb. II., 39, 54, 56, 60, 75, 90, 96, 107. Illogan, St. (Cornwall). I., 52. Iuimer, or Imber, I., 5, 14, 22, 23 [4], 29, 34, 39 [5], 40 [2], 41, 54, 63, 78, 103, 106, 117, 126, 128 [2], 129, 145 ; II., 105. IngUvshatn. I., 50, 57, 69 [2], 7.4; 98, 103, 142, 145, 147, 183, 184, 193, 195, 197, 206, 213, 219 ; II., 7, 21, 23, 30, 46, 47, 55, 56, 66, 81. Iwele (Wore. Diocese). I., 63. Iwerne Courtenay. Sec Yverne. J. Jetton. I., 16. (No doubt Yatton Yeynell). K. Kayleway, or Kelloway. See Cayllewaye. Keevil. I, 3, 29, 35, 39, 50, 53 [3],' 87, 89 [2 J, 142, 151, 160, 190, 196, 214, 231 12] ; II., 9, 30, 31, 46, 65, 80, 92, 102. Keighaven. II., 97. Kelwayes. See Callewaye Chantry Chapel. Kemhle. I., 24, 48, 49, 51, 61, 76, 79, 106, 109, 111, 131, 133, 143, 166, 209, 216,^222, 230 [2] • II., 24, 26 (note), 48 [2], 79, 82, 93, 94. Kenetbury. I., 147. Kennet, I., 7 [2], 15, 16, 30, 33, 38, 46, 49, 57, 71, 113, 116, 127 [2], 128, 129, 137, II., 94. Kingston Deverill. See Deverill Kingston. Kington, Great (Dorset). I., 8, 74, 119, 181, 202. Kington St. Michael. I., 14, 46, 53, 72, 89, 92, 96 [2], 104, 107 [2], 108, 110, 125, 132, 155, 166, 181, 194 [2], 203, 223 ; II., 7, 27, 42, 51, 54, 74, 89 [2], 90. Kington, West. I., 57, 58, 61, 72, 77, 81, 82, 84, 86, 101, 108, 112, 121, 134, 147, 155, 201, 208, 210, 230, 234 ; II., 16, 17, 33, 45, 48, 53, 68, 73, 78, 90, 100, 101. Knighton Chantry (in Broad Chalk). I., 19, 32 [2], 34, 37 [2], 42, 48 [2], 57, 59, 62, 83, 116, 117, 119, 126, 132; 175. Knighton juxta Mayne. I., 50. Knoyle, East, alias Magna, alias Bpiscopi. I., 12, 14, 21, 31, 93, 158, 197, 225 ; II., 5, 8, 12, 22, 26, 43, 48, 71 [2], 99. Knoyle, Parva, alias West, or Odierne. (See also North Newton.) I., 225, 227 ; II., 14, 33, 46, 51n56, 63, 71, 94, 107. L. Lachingdon (Essex). I., 29. Lackham Chapel. I., 48, 50, 98. Lacock. I., 16, 37, 45, 54, 60, 86, 87, 88, 96 [2], 121, 137, 143, 144, 173,185, 195, 220, 227, 228, 230, 231, 232 ; II., 9, 34, 39, 42, 48, 65, 72, 75, 78. 2S.' Landford. I., 10, 12, 35, 36, 60, 71, 73, 91, 92 [2], 123, 127, 130, 142, 147, 151, 159, 168, 183, 184, 190, 194 [2], 208, 215, 216, 232; II., 12, 31. 3s' 44, 48, 58, 74, 80, 89, 100, 101. Langford, Little, or L. Angers. I., 20 [2], 22, 29, 30, 34, 44, 45, 51, 52. 78, 97, 118, 121, 122 [2], 127, 134, 199, 200, 227, 230; II., 3, 15, 17. 23, 33. 43^ 55, 66, 73, 86, 99. 224 Index to the " Wiltshire Institutions" Langford, Little, or L. Angus, Chantry. I., 148, 181. Langford, Steeple, or Magna. I., 2 [2], 5, 18, 43 [2], 44, 107, 126, 127, 134, 141, 143, 165, 184, 187, 189, 191, 213, 215, 226 ; II., 5, 18, 31, 44, 47 [2], 64, 81, 90, 98, 103. Langley Burrell. I., 6, 19, 38 [2], 45, 54, 62, 63, 70, 76, 82, 104, 119, 131, 137, 141, 150, 173, 183, 202, 234; II., 19, 22, 42, 44, 46, 70, 87, 88, 105. Lasborough. I., 51. Latton. I., 12, 46, 48, 55, 58, 64, 99, 104, 136, 138, 150, 157, 166, 173, 182, 197, 223, 229 ; II., 16, 31, 36, 37, 45, 50, 58, 70, 73, 86, 89, 91. Laverstock, I., 6, 25, 34, 46, 57, 74, 76, 78, 96, 98, 124, 126, 128, 132, 136, 138, 150, 181, 191, 224. Lavington East, alias " Forum," " Market," " Chepyng," or " Staple." I., 2, 4, 13, 14, 19, 20, 23, 26 [2], 35, 37, 42, 44, 45. 50, 52, 53, 69, 72, 76, 94, 102, 104, 140, 145, 151, 162, 178, 196, 201, 215, 228, 229 ; II., 3, 12, 29, 30, 32, 55, 74, 105. Ditto Chantry. I., 47, 63, 90, 100, 102, 104, 106, 115, 124, 143, 165, 173, 182, 184, 186, 206. Lavington, West, alias Bishop's. I., 4, 9, 16, 24, 44, 116, 128, 151, 177, 186, 195, 215, 223, 229, 230, 232 ; II., 21, 23, 27, 32 [2], 55, 60, 62, 65, 92, 96, 98, 103, 104. Lazarton. I., 62. Lea and Cleverton. See Garsdon. Leckford (Hants). I., 61. Leigh Delamere. I., 3, 5, 21, 22, 29, 36, 38, 82, 105, 115, 117, 128, 142, 143, 155, 159, 160, 170, 195, 205, 206, 217, 230; II., 5, 17, 33, 57, 63, 74, 93. Leyndon (in Dioc. London). I., 59. Lewknor (Co. Oxon). I., 29, 71. Liddington. I., 1, 5, 9, 11, 38, 43, 45, 47, 65, 74, 83, 96, 105, 117, 120, 125, 127, 129, 145, 167, 180, 183, 186, 191, 192, 193, 206, 218, 220, 222, 226, 231, 232 ; II., 5, 13, 16, 17 [2], 43, 46, 51, 70, 78, 85, 88, 100, 102. Littlecote Chapel. I. 39 [2]. Littleton (Dorset). I., 60, 75. Littleton Drew. I., 16, 25, 36, 40 [2], 51, 58, 62, 67, 73 [2], 86, 89, 96, 99, 100, 101, 108, 111, 132 [2], 167, 189, 207, 215, 219 ; II., 3, 4, 17, 34, 48, 53 [2], 68, 74, 87, 106. LlandafE Archd. I., 140. Locking. I., 157. London, St. Martin's. I., 57. Longworth (Berks). I., 21, 26. Luckington. I., 11, 32, 34, 46, 62 [2], 120 (Co. Somerset?), 133, 201, 204, 221, 226 ; II., 12, 27, 33, 34, 36, 56, 78, 98. Ludgarshall. Church anciently called Buddesden, q.v. I., 138, 140, 145, 155, 156, 158, 161, 167, 179, 190, 192, 215, 223 ; II., 21, 30, 48, 81, 88. Lydiard Millicent, or North Liddiard. I., 35, 38, 64, 79, 80, 81 [2], 100, 105, 106 [2], 108, 110, 112, 123, 126. 127, 134, 143, 150, 156, 165, 167, 192, 225, 230 ; II., 3, 8, 27, 28, 58, 75, 93, 107. Lydiard Tregoz. I., 5, 18, 20, 22, 38 [2], 42, 48, 56, 71, 84, 120, 122, 136, 170, 179, 191, 209, 225, 228; II., 7, 21 [2], 53, 66, 72, 90, Compiled hy the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F,8.A. 225 Lyme. II., 51, 73, 76, 95, 105. Lyneham. II., 35. M. Maiden Bradley. I., 9, 14, 16, 18, 30, 69 ; II., 99. Major Pars Altaris. II., 36, 41, 43, 61, 75. 77, 94, 104. Mairnesbury, St. Paul's. I., 3, 11, 28, 32, 45, 51, 53, 63, 70, 72, 79, 117, 129, 152, 179, 181, 194, 205, 210, 221, 222 [2], 223; II., 6, 9, 10, 17, 27, 29, 30, 34, 46, 47, 73, 93, 97. ' Ditto St. Mary Westport, I., 4, 6, 14, 5 1 , 60, 66, 75, 79, 82, 83, 88, 96, 114, 123, 124, 139, 147, 148, 149, 151, 161, 166, 191, 194, 199, 203, 207, 219 ; II., 31, 47, 57, 73, 80, 91, 101, 104. Malpas moiety. I., 64. Manningford Abbots. I., 3, 29, 49, 54, 98, 99, 109, 111, 125, 130, 151, 164, 167, 172, 184, 196, 203, 229 ; II., 11., 12, 39, 42, 49, 54, 69, 85, 100. Manningford Bruce, alias Brewes or Breouse. I., 13 [2], 28, 30, 51, 67, 115, 120, 128, 156, 172, 186, 202, 209, 225, 230 ; II., 1, 4 [2], 23, 36, 52, 57, 81, 94, 98. Manningford Bohun (with Wilsford). II., 6. Marden. I., 7, 53, 68, 75, 77, 83, 90, 92, 101, 117, 124, 126, 130, 134, 138, 156, 158, 160, 168, 197, 200, 210, 217, 221 [2] ; II., 8, 18, 40, 58, 67, 83, 85, 91, 97, 104, 107. Marlborough, St. Peter's. I., 1., 28, 30, 31, 51, 60, 68, 72, 75, 76, 83, 97, 147, 167, 169, 170, 172, 174, 178, 180, 184, 188, 190, 191 [2], 194, 195, 208, 212, 218, 227, 230 ; II., 6, 15, 30, 40, 58, 86, 93, 99. Ditto St. Mary's. I., 14 [2], 29, 46, 60, 69, 103, 109, 110, 141, 147, 149, 152, 177, 196, 210, 221, 227, 231 ; II., 5, 21, 26, 27, 28, 29, 34, 49 [2], 50, 57, 67, 69, 70, 82 [2], 93, 98. Ditto St. Thomas's Hospital, near Marlborough. I., 40, 51. Ditto Castle Chapel. I., 10, 20, 21, 29, 30, 41, 47, 50, 55, 65, 70, 73, 78, 83, 85, 86 [2], 94, 103, 106. Ditto St. John's Hospital pi Priory. I., 13, 15, 46, 106, 148, 153, 181, 184, 189. Marton Chapel. II., 1, 3, 15, 33, 58, 83. See Damerham, South. Martin's, St., juxta Bedwyn. I., 178. Melksham. I., 19, 30, 43, 53, 85, 113, 116, 143, 116, 150, 170 [2], 174, 182, 183, 198, 204, 206, 218, 228 ; II., 2, 20, 25, 29, 40, 44, 74, 76, 96, 102. Merden. See Marden. Mere, Chantry. I., 148. (For its Vicars see Hoare's Modern Wilts, Mere, p. 168, from the Dean's Register.) Mildenhall, or Minall. I., 3, 19, 36, 46, 64, 78, 92, 93, 95, 98, 110, 113, 120, 153, 169, 171, 174, 191, 198 (note), 213, 228, 233; II., 10, 15, 23, 39, 43* 60, 81, 94. Minor Pars Altaris. I., 33 ; II., 33, 35, 47, 55, 74, 76, 87, 88, 90, 93. Milston. I., 3, 8, 12, 14, 54, 77 [3], 80, 99, 100, 120 [2], 141, 149, 164, 171, 178, 200, 224; II., 20, 22, 23, 26, 30, 47, 77, 79, 101, 103. * Supply in the year 1692, " Edward Pocock," omitted by Sir T. Phillipp; VOL. XXVIII. — NO. LXXXIV, U 226 Index to the " Wiltshire Institutions." Milton (or Middleton) Abbas and Lilbourne, (Lislebourne). I., 13, 35, 69, 85, 92, 94, 103, 109, 119, 120, 121, 122 [2], 124, 136, 157, 159, 175, 177, 181, 186, 212, 214, 221, 234 ; II., 22 [2], 33, 56, 58, 64, 79, 88 [2], 101. Milton (Berks). I., 230 ; II., 103. Minety. I., 20, 31, 42, 67, 70, 72, 75, 82, 88 [2], 98, 102, 105, 109, 132, 146, 159, 160, 164, 167, 169, 193, 205, 207, 213, 216, 219, 231 ; II., 14 [2], 38, 47, 72, 78, 88, 103, 106. Monkton Farley. See Farley Monachorum. Monkton Deverill. II., 7, 11, 24, 27, 58, 105. Monkton {see Winterbourne). I., 220 ; II„ 3. Mordon (Dorset). I., 38, 43, 47, 66. N. Netheravon. I., 39, 115, 125 ; II., 36, 37, 55, 56, 64, 74, 85, 92, 94, 101. Netherbury. I., 41, 217 ; II., 32, 33, 34, 43, 54, 60, 82, 83, 93, 95, 105 [2]. Netherhampton. II., 94. Nettleton. I., 6 [2], 15, 23, 30, 81, 118, 125, 132, 162, 176, 186, 200, 213, 217, 218 ; II., 14, 18, 19, 41, 53, 75, 93, 103. Newington (Wilts). See Newnton. Newington (Wore. Dioc). I., 62. Newnton, Long, near Tetbury. I., 9, 45, 46, 64, 75, 84, 121, 137, 178, 191,|192, 194, 206, 216, ; II., 7, 8, 34, 36, 49, 52, 60, 73, 85, 87, 90, 103, 106. Newport Chantry (Wore. Dioc.). I., 59, Newton (P) I., 151. Newton, North, near Pewsey. I., 2, 8, 22, 23, 31, 47, 49, 56, 63, 66, 67, 75, 90, 91, 95, 105, 117, 124, 126, 144, 147, 166, 167, 184, 203, 204 [2], 222, 225, 226, 227, 229 [2] ; II., 3, 6 [3], 14, 18, 25, 29, 33, 39, 46 [2], 51, 52, 66, 57, 63, 71, 78, 91, 94, 107. Newton, South, near Wilton, I., 2, 10, 22, 26, 27, 33, 34, 43, 58, 60, 63, 76, 84, 86, 89 [2], 93, 104, 105 [2], 116, 121, 128, 131, 154, 175, 197, 205 ; II., 2, 3, 16, 26, 37, 38, 64, 66, 71, 72, 75, 86, 94. Newton Tony. I., 2, 3, 6, 40, 59, 61, 75, 92, 93, 104, 108, 125, 137, 144, 170, 197, 212, 213, 214, 216, 219, 223, 233 ; II„ 9, 17, 23, 24, 28, 30, 50, 56, 80, 88 [2], 107. Newton St. Loe (Bath and Wells Dioc.). I„ 73. Norridge Chapel. I., 12, 89, 91, 96, 101, 130, 135, 139, 159, 173, 195. North Bradley. See Bradley, North. Northbury. II., 37, 96, 100. Norton, near Malmesbury. I., 27, 28 [2], 45, 48, 57, 58, 75, 77, 88, 90, 92, 100, 105, 106, 111, 114, 127, 130, 143, 152, 153, 162, 175, 189, 203, 233; II., 5, 33, 36, 41, 52, 60, 74, 98. Norton Bavent, or Skydmore. I., 7, 19, 25, 29, 31, 43, 50, 52, 66, 95, 104, 110, 116, 123, 124, 125, 140, 144, 154, 160, 164, 173, 183, 188, 201, 229 ; II* 19, 25,*33, 54, 66, 73, 82, 97. 0. Oaksey. I., 11 [2], 12 [2], 18, 20 [2], 21,75, 84, 110, 111, 112, 124, 133, 134, 146, 150, 155, 156, 166, 168, 169, 186 [2], 188, 194, 200, 213, 216, 224, 227, 234; II., 20, 30, 41, 51, 79, 82, 85, 106. Compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A. 227 Obeton. See Upton I., 144. Odcombe (Bath Dioc.). I., 30 (note). Odstock. I., 2, 41, 78 [2], 88, 90, 123, 140, 165, 168, 171, 176, 188, 198, 231 ; II., 18, 20, 21, 22, 30, 62, 65, 69. J Odiham (Wint. Dioc.,). II., 37. Ogbourne, St. Andrew, or Parva. I., 35, 120. Orcheston, St. George. I., 14, 71, 75, 82, 92, 113, 148, 165, 170, 177, 199, 201, 202, 217, 230 ; II., 6, 19 [2], 31, 43, 50, 61, 86, 102. Orcheston, St. Mary, or Boyville. I-, 8, 9, 37, 58, 65, 93 [2], 94, 105, 125, 137, 156, 158, 167, 185, 198, 202, 207, 227 ; II., 18, 23, 36, 66, 86, 89, 98. Overton. I., 22, 36, 45, 52, 61, 124, 150, 157, 165, 171, 173, 176, 177, 189, 192, 210, 211, 223 ; II., 12 [2], 21, 28, 29, 68, 78, 86, 92, 98. Overton (Hants). I., 37. Oxford, St. Ebbes. I., 61. Ditto St. Aldates. I., 66. i Ditto Law Professorship. II., 83. P. Patney. I., 8, 15, 25, 34, 41, 53, 87, 88, 93, 107, 119, 122, 125, 127, 131 [2], 149, 154, 156, 157, 185, 203, 206, 227, 232, 233 ; II., 16, 20, 25, 38, 49, 74, 90, 94, 95, 104. Pertwood, or Worth, St. Peter's. I., 28, 61, 63, 86, 93, 95, 108, 109, 124, 142, 159, 161, 165, 193, 208 ; II., 16, 19, 23, 25, 31, 50, 63, 83. Pewsey. I., 7, 22, 24, 36, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 63, 74, 87, 88, 90, 95, 96, 114, 119, 131, 151, 177, 182, 195, 213, 217 ; II., 7, 21, 25, 40, 46, 48, 62, 66, 81. Plaitford. I., 88, 91, 165 ; II., 13, 19, 36, 81, 83, 102. Pool Keynes, or St. Michael's. I., 3, 7, 9, 16, 46, 57, 60, 61, 84, 122, 142, 167, 179, 203, 218, 223, 226, 234 ; II., 3, 25 [2], 39, 56, 79, 95. Porton, Chapel of St. Nicholas, de Burgelon (sometimes spelt Burghlen, and Byrdlime, in Idmiston parish). I., 10, 21, 45, 51, 56, 60, 62, 65, 82, 99, 119, 126, 128, 172, 177, 194, 203, 204, 206 [2], 209 ; II., 84, 89. Potterne. I., 12, 14, 24, 44, 49, 63, 69 [2], 70, 71, 79, 81, 82, 83, 128, 130, 177, 180, 192, 205, 214; II., 15, 30, 44, 51, 59, 84, 85, 91, 97, 100, 105, Poulet (Bath), 58. Poulshot. I., 12, 29, 32, 40, 47, 102, 103, 110, 114, 120, 129, 150 (2), 153, 175. 176, 177, 179 [2], 180, 187, 203 ; II., 5, 11, 28, 37, 56,[57, 61,',62, 78, 82, 92, 102. Poulton. I., 1, 4, 55, 59, 62, 77, 83, 96 ; II., 92. Ditto Chantry, St. Mary's. I., 35. Pourton (North), Co. Dorset. I., 38, 49, 68, 69, 76, 129. Ditto (Wilts). See Porton and Idmiston. Preshute. I., 11, 25, 31, 33, 35, 40, 55, 81, 82, 89, 91, 93, 97, 101 [2], 105, 116, 132, 139, 140 [2*], 150, 153, 175, 179 [2], 187, 188, 189, 203 [2], 210, 220, 222, 229 ; II., 21, 25, 39, 40, 42, 51, 58, 60, 86, 94, 98, 106. Preston. II., 35, 38, 57, 63, 73, 89, 93. Pusey (Berks). II., 65. * The second entry should be erased. R 2 228 Index to the " Wiltshire Institutions." Pyrton, or Purton. I., 2, 12, 13, 45, 70, 74, 97 [2], 135, 166 [2], 192, 219, 224, 226, 231 ; II., 2, 15, 27, 53, 59, 72, 79, 85. Rampton (Bath Dioc). I., 62. Rauisbury. I., 20, 27, 44, 59, 61, 91, 104, 112, 115, 116, 147, 153, 157, 172, 183, 191, 193 ; II., 22. Rammesham. I., 91. Redcliff. II., 71, 87, 105. Rodbourne Cheney, or Rodbourne St. Mary. I., 9, 12, 14, 21, 22 [2], 46, 50, 54, 63, 71, 80, 111, 112, 123, 131, 136, 159, 162, 180, 185, 188, 207, 209, 219, 226 ; II., 13, 31, 52, 56, 66, 77, 80, 89 [2], 96. Rodbourne (Malmesbury). II., 93. Rollstone. I., 3, 4 [2], 13 [2], 28, 46, 55, 102, 152, 153, 161, 173, 182, 186, 199, 225 ; II., 17, 19, 26, 29, 35, 49, 52, 57, 77, 101. Romsey Abbey. I., 5 (note). Rowde (or Roude, or Roudes). I., 22, 25, 30, 33, 37, 46, 53, 61, 92, 118, 133, 169, 172, 175, 180, 193, 207, 209; 214, 218, 227 ; II., 14, 26, 31, 34, 42, 47, 49, 55, 63, 64, 80, 82, 96, 97. Rowley. See Wittenham. Ruscombe. II., 32, 37, 47, 51, 56, 70, 89, 92 [2], 96, 100 [2], 102, 105. Rusteshall, alias Rushall. I., 2, 7, 36, 62, 67, 78, 83, 129, 172, 176, 189, 206, 208, 230 ; II., 12, 23, 37, 38, 46, 48, 49, 72, 89. Rysyndon Magna (Wore. Dioc). I., 63. S. Sarum Cathedral. Deanery. II., 61, 90, 107. Archdeaconry. I., 181, 218; II., 21, 33, 37, 41, 43, 44, 64, 65, 104 [2]. Chancellorship, II., 21, 37, 41, 52, 61, 76. Chantorship. II., 77. Precentorship. II„ 59, 104. Subdeanery. II., 43, 76, 101. Succentorship. II., 33, 39, 47, 61, 96. Treasurership. II., 36, 41, 54, 56, 65, 105. Audley's (Bp.) Chantry. I., 194, 208, 213. Beauchamp Chantry. I., 179, 189, 190, 191, 196, 202. Blundesdon Chantry. I., 85. Cloune's Chantry. I., 139. Hungerford's Chantry. I., 205, 206. St. Andrew's (Waltham) Chantry. I., 134, 202. St. Mary Magdalen's Chantry. I., 88, 89. Sarum City. St. Edmund's Church. I, 219, 220, 232 ; II., 4, 11, 25, 26, 29, 43, 48, 59, 63, 75, 97 [2], 103. Ditto Chantry. I., 147. Ditto Tud worth's Chantry. I., 28, 41, 47, 51, 54, 55 [2], 72, 82, 83, 84, 102, 104, 158, 161, 183, 186, 193, 202. Compiled by the late Canon J. j&. Jackson, F.8.A. 229 ■tram City. St, Edmoud's Church. Randolfs Chantry. I., 90, 107. Ditto St, Katherine's Chantry " in the Church yard." I., 91, 98, 136, 156, 163, 164, 168, 169, 186, 187, 199 [3], 201, 203, 207. Ditto St. Nicholas's Chantry. I., 109. Ditto Holy Trinity. 1 , 121. St. Edmund's College. I., 11, 14, 18, 19, 23, 30, 31, 49, 81, 105, 118, 136, 145, 149, 154, 184, 187, 204, 205 [3], 206, 207, 209, 210. St. Martin's Church. I., 219, 229 ; II., 4, 16, 18, 24, 26, 27, 30, 41, 60, 65, 76, 77, 81, 83, 107. St. Nicholas's Hospital. I., 6, 18, 20, 32, 37, 40, 55, 83, 110, 123 [2], 133, 151, 166, 177, 179, 233 ; II., 15, 24, 25, 51, 65, 87, 92, 96 [2]. St, Thomas's Curacy. II., 30, 82, 86. Ditto Swayne's Chantry. I., 57, 80, 87, 92, 100, 150, 161, 173, 182, 190, 208. Ditto St. Bartholomew's Chantry. I., 91, 96. Ditto Godmastone's Chantry. I., 104, 110, 132, 143 [2], 146, 162, 174 [2], 175, 179, 189 [2], 192, 195, 202, 205, 206, 208. Sarum, Old. St. Peter's. I., 2, 21, 27, 34, 37, 39, 43, 49, 61 [2], 77, 86, 102. Ditto Free Chapel in Castle. I., 65. Saynesbury, or Seynesbury (Wore. Dioc). I., 59, 75. Schawes. I., 16. Seagry. I., 19, 60, 61, 63, 65, 82, 86, 89, 92, 98, 102, 106, 108, 113, 115, 120, 122, 137, 152, 196, 211 [2], 213, 226 ; II., 6, 10, 13, 28, 59, 73, 80, 103, 105. Sedgehill Chapel (Berwick St. Leonard). II., 10, 11, 45, 63, 87. Seend. II., 74, 76, 96. Semington. I., 232 ; II., 4, 18, 39, 42, 68, 72, 85, 89, 94. Semley. I., 6, 35, 107, 113 [2 J, 114, 120, 156, 167, 176, 190, 209, 232 ; II., 14, 24, 25, 49, 65, 78, 101. Serchesden (Line. Dioc). I., 64. Sevington (in Leigh-Delamere). II., 93. Shaftesbury Monastery. I., 38. Shalbourne, Vicar of, I., 38. St. Margaret's Chantry. I., 85. Sharncote. I., 9, 10, 14, 15, 21, 24, 29, 35, 39, 45, 49, 56, 65, 66, 79, 93, 119, 149, 202, 206, 217, 222, 229 ; II., 10, 20, 27, 46, 68, 78, 82, 96, 9y. Shefford, West (Berks.). I., 86, 182. Sherborne Abbey. I., 205. Sherneton. I., 160, 216. Sherrington, or Sheraton (Mautravers). I., 3, 10, 25, 36, 47, 51, 53 [2], 61, 90, 110, 112, 126, 131, 157, 201, 217, 221 ; II., 5, 31 [2], 35, 43, 54, 60, 85, 89, 95. Sherston Magua, with the Chapel of Aldriugton, alias Alderton. A Rector and Yicar at the same time, 1400—1. I., 2, 3 [2], 6, 11, 13 [2 J, 14, 18, 35, 42, 52, 54, 65, 82 [2], 83, 87 [3], 90, 95, 108, 116, 121, 136 [2], 137, 140, 150, 164, 165, 175, 179, 189, 192, 206, 213, 229, 233; II., 7, 19, 21, 35, 36, 52, 65, 72, 84, 102. Sherston Parva, alias Pinkeney (Free Cbapel). I., 3, 5, 15, 17, 23, 52, 82, 95 [2], 99, 135, 168, 191, 199, 202 ; II., 20. 230 Index to the " Wiltshire Institutions." Shiphain (Som.). I#, 60. Shipton. II., 32, 67, 75, 83, 95, 99, 107. Shrewton. I., 111., 135, 148, 152, 154, 167, 224 ; II., 6, 7 [2], 24, 25, 26, 39, I 41, 49, 50, 52, 53, 57, 61, 77, 83, 85, 90, 91, 102. Silchester (Hants). I., 51. Slape. II., 39, 42, 56, 102, 103. Slaughtered. II., 55, 69, 83, 106. Smithecote Chapel (St. Anne's). I., 24, 42 [2], 46, 47, 55, 71, 75, 133. (Al place bet ween Dauntsey and Brink worth ?) Somerford Keynes (V.) I., 12, 28, 50, 56, 69, 109, 118, 153, 155, 172, 198, 212 J 234 ; II., 10, 20, 40, 69, 74, 98, 103. Somerford Mautravers, Magna, or Broad (R.). I., 20, 21. 35, 69 [2], 87, 88, 90, 1 92, 105, 112, 129, 157, 165, 183, 189, 191, 193, 198, 206, 216, 229 ; II., 4, 1 18, 29, 34, 41, 46, 47, 61, 65, 85, 100. Somerford (Parva, or) Mauduit (R.). I., 11 [2], 15, 20, 26, 39, 43, 51, 96, 97 [2], j 126, 128, 138, 147, 183, 188, 190, 222, 230; II., 9, 22, 42, 49, 62, 75, 79, 87, 91 [2], 97. Sopworth. I., 2, 15, 16 [2], 20 [2], 48, 49, 58, 59, 62, 69, 89, 116, 120, 123, 139, 163, 170, 175, 186, 204, 205, 230 ; II., 11, 13, 45, 50, 51, 65, 70, 75, | 77, 98, 107. Southbury. II., 47, 51, 70, 92, 100, 102, 105. Southwick. I., 229 ; II., 3, 16, 29, 61, 62, 68, 88. Staines. I., 57. Stamford (Co. Lincoln). I., 57. Standen Hussey (South), near Hungerford, Chapel of St. Faith. I., 85, 207. Stanton Fitzwarren {alias Fitz Herbert, or Fitz Brynde, 1555). I., 2 [2], 3, 17 [2], 19, 41 [2], 56, 58 [2], 80, 119, 121, 145, 154, 165, 185, 197, 209, I 217, (Fitz Brynde), 218, 224; II., 13, 19, 43, 69, 83. Stanton Berners (near All Cannings), miscalled Barnard, Fitz Bernard, or St. Bernard. (Prebend). I., 32, 43, 72, 104, 144, 164, 201, 225, 233 ; II., 8, ,! 25, 31, 42, 52, 57. Ditto (Vicarage). I., 56, 70, 76, 77, 80, 93, 123, 125, 126, 138, 162, 165, 192, 200, 202, 213, 224 ; II., 3, 22, 26, 28, 41, 57, 61, 79, 83, 88. Stanton St. Quintin. I., 4, 11, 16, 20, 24, 27, 38 [2], 46, 48, 65, 67, 69, 71, 76, ,| 77, 78, 84, 87, 91, 94, 98, 104, 117 124, 130, 131, 167, 171, 184, 219, 227 ; II., 5, 20, 34, 54, 64, 78, 89, 90. Stapleford. I., 6, 33 [2], 53, 80 [2], 86, 89, 104, 113, 119, 125, 134, 138, 146, 151, 153, 163, 169, 170, 174, 215, 216, 225 ; II., 11, 25, 39, 51, 75, 78, 91, 106. Ditto (Line: Dioc). I., 97. Stapleton (?). I., 67. Staverton Chapel. II., 81. Steeple Ashton. See Ashton. Steeple Langford. See Lang ford. Steeple Lavington. See Lavington. Stockton. I., 8, 25, 76, 80, 81, 102 [2 J, 126, 135, 138, 145, 153, 156, 161, 162, 185, 189, 210 ; II., 13, 22, 26, 46, 62, 85 [2], 87, 95. Stokton (Line). I., 176. Compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A. 231 Stokkebbes (Hereford). I., 64. Stoke (Limpley). I., 208. Stokke(P). I., 48. Stoke Abbas (Dorset). I., 22. Stone (erratum for Stoke). I., 200. Stoughton (Winton). I., 83. Stourton. I., 14, 16, 25 [2], 47, 68, 82, 85, 90, 95, 119, 120, 125, 136, 162, 173, 181, 186, 208, 209, 214, 219, 222 ; II., 4, 16, 28, 32, 60, 76, 95, 101. Stratford Toney. I., 22, 31, 32, 33, 46, 53, 89, 92, 99, 116, 125, 140, 142 [2], 153, 191, 199, 212, 217, 220, 221 ; II., 8, 10, 21, 28, 40, 55, 74, 85, 92, 94. Stratford St. Mary's. I., 10, 16, 17, 22. Stratford sub Castro. II., 72, 95, 103. Stratford St. Lawrence (Prebend). I., 218 ; II., 48, 49, 50, 62, 67, 71, 89, 91, 95, 97, 98, 103, 105, 106. Stratton St. Margaret. I., 8, 15 [3], 17, 33, 51, 53, 55, 120, 141, 157, 171, 180, 185, 211, 219 ; II., 13, 17, 32, 36, 47, 64, 67, 69, 94, 106. Stratton Prebend (Co. Dorset). I., 214 ; II., 67, 76, 106. Sulham (Berks). I., 58, 198. Sutton Benger, sometimes called Sutton Leonard. I., 16 [2], 19, 23, 32 [2], 35, 37, 50, 51, 54, 68, 69, 97, 99, 101 [2], 105, 106, 145, 146, 149, 151, 156, 175 [2], 178, 179 [2], 195, 207, 211, 214, 215, 218, 220, 231 ; II., 2, 8, 18, 20, 21, 27, 38, 44, 70 [2], 71, 82, 87. Sutton Mandeville. I., 11., 27, 30, 55, 65, 77, 84, 98, 108, 137, 138, 140, 161, 178, 187, 199, 201 [2], 206, 213, 214, 221 ; II., 15, 25, 50, 52, 62, 67, 97. Sutton Parva Free Chapel. I., 11, 24, 25, 28, 66, 114, 152, 191, 201. Sutton Veney, alias Magna. I., 5, 9 [2], 32, 34, 52, 54, 60, 84, 106, 103, 111, 144, 181 [2], 184, 187 [2], 192, 231 ; II., 10, 18, 31, 37, 53, 63, 81, 83, 90. Sutton, near Plymouth. I., 63. Swallowcliffe. I., 69. Swayneswick (Bath). I., 27, 31. Swinbrook (Oxon). II., 37. Swindon. I., 4, 16, 53, 54, 65, 73, 75, 131, 168, 170, 199, 220, 228, 229, 230 [2], 232 ; II„ 12, 17, 25, 27, 46, 55, 61, 67 [2], 78, 95, 107. T. Teffont Ewyas. I., 2, 3, 13, 17, 27, 33, 46, 49, 51, 52, 61, 71, 91, 93, 99, 107, 114, 115, 120, 128, 141, 143, 146, 148, 149, 151, 153, 163, 164, 170, 172, 176, 180, 183, 210, 219, 224, 228 ; II., 3, 19, 25, 30, 59, 84, 95, 100. Tellisford (Som.). I., 164. Tetbury (Wore). I., 61. Teynton Regis. II. 45, 59, 63, 82, 87, 105. Thatcham (Berks). I., 38. Thoulston Chapel. I., 17, 18 (note), 40, 41, 50, 89, 90, 105, 117, 123. Tidcombe. I., 4, 16, 21 [2], 22, 30 [4], 31, 38, 42, 43, 46, 53, 89, 90, 116, 118, 132, 167, 181, 187, 202, 228 ; II., 95. Tidpit (or Tippit). See Todeputt. Tidmarsh (Berks). I., 14, II., 68. Tidworth, North. I., 1, 2, 14, 26, 44, 48, 50, 52, 55, 60, 61, 76, 100, 104, 124, 232 Index to the " Wiltshire Institutions" 125, 135, 155, 157, 168, 179, 196, 197, 201, 210, 226, 234; II., 9, 24, 28, 35, 37, 49, 63, 77, 78, 81, 90, 94, 105. Tidworth's Chantry. See Sarum, St. Edmund's. Tilshead. I., 15 [2], 44, 54, 77, 86, 90, 112, 114, 135, 139, 146, 151, 153, 159, 164, 177, 196, 200, 227 ; II., 1, 12, 24, 26, 51, 57, 86, 92, 102. Tisbury, Church. I., 3, 6, 10, 26, 38, 77, 110, 115, 119, 126, 146, 148, 150, 153, 176, 181, 210, 223, 231 ; II., 6, 21, 35, 45, 68, 89, 96. Ditto Chantry, St. Mary's. I., 3, 30, 50, 51, 52, 60, 68, 83, 106, 109, 114 • 119, 127, 133, 156, 159, 163, 184, 213. j Titherington Cayleways. I., 86, 160, 228. See Caylleways (for many more). Titherington Lucas. I., 214 ; II., 37. li Tytherington (in Wore. Dioc.). I., 118. Tockenham. I., 12, 37 [2], 55, 64, 85, 100, 101, 108, 114 [2], 118, 138, 172, 193, 212, 224, 233 ; II., 10, 23, 39, 42, 52, 71, 94, 104. Todeputt (Tidpitt). I., 8, 14, 78, 83, 88, 100 [2], 112, 117, 126, 144, 157, 160, | 178, 179, 188, 189, 198. Todyngton (Wore. Dioc.). I., 99. Tollard Royall. I., 7, 8, 9, 13, 20, 21, 46, 49, 63, 64, 68, 77, 86, 103, 110, 115, j 116, 117, 141, 147, 159, 220, 223 ; II., 2, 6, 22, 44, 50, 65, 66 [2], 85, 94, 99 [2J. Tollard St. Peter's. I., 173, 178, 183. Torleton. II., 45, 65, 87, 97. Trowbridge. I., 12, 17, 18, 19, 42 [2], 57, 61 [2], 68, 94 [2], 132, 134, 147, 148, 175, 200, 220, 234 ; II., 27, 32, 54, 59, 62, 69, 81, 87, 107. Turneworth (Dorset). I., 121. Tychburne. I., 144. Tymbrebury Prebend. I., 39. U. Uffculme (Berks). II., 39, 51, 68, 102, 103. Uphaven. I., 3, 16, 33, 34, 45, 48, 64, 78, 90, 98, 102 [2], 104, 126, 132, 147, ? 152, 157 [2], 178, 189, 223 ; II., 10, 12, 28, 37, 57, 58, 69, 78, 95. Upton Lovell, St. Peter's. I„ 36, 37, 48, 78, 96, 97, 98, 102, 103T, 144, 152, 159, 1 160, 164, 170, 182, 189, 191, 200 [2], 208, 214, 221, 223, 226, 228 ; II. J 1 [2], 5, 10, 25, 34, 40, 45, 47, 48, 49, 54, 76, 100. j Upton Scudamore. I., 2, 3, 17, 23, 26, 38, 44, 54, 55, 56, 57 (note), 58 (2), 71,lj 79, 80, 81, 108, 118, 125, 127, 139, 150, 194, 204, 211, 229 ; II., 14, 37, 73,1 82, 90. ' Urchfont. See Erchfont. W. r Wanborough, " Wamberg," (Vicarage). I., 6 (and note), 28, 34, 37, 42, 64, 70 j1 81, 84, 114, 129, 152, 154, 155, 166, 167, 186, 192, 210, 215, 221, 231 [2]j| II, 28, 34, 59, 61, 71, 78. jl Ditto St. Katharine's Chantry Chapel. I., 10, 14, 29, 30, 48, 49, 55, 62, 82.(1 91, 99, 100, 102, 112 (bis), 139, 156. Wareham, St. Peter's (Dorset). I., 64, Compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A. 233 Warminster. I , 8, 21, 37, 40, 44, 54, 80 [2], 116, 125, 140 [2], 195, 208, 216, 221 ; II., 17„ 18, 20, 23, 32, 41 [2] 50, 59, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 73, 86 [2], 87, 102, 103, 106. Warm well (Dorset). I., 104. Welford (Berks). II., 35. Westbury. II., 26 (note). West Dean. See Dean. Weston. I., 121. We6tport. See Malmesbury. '. Westwood. I., 3, 208. (See Bradford.) ; Whaddon, near Longford. (Church destroyed.) I., 23 [2], 30. ; Whaddon. I., 4, 16 (query, do not these two first relate to the preceding Whaddon?), 37, 47, 50, 66, 69, 70, 72, 77, 97 [2], 111, 116, 126, 135, 138, 142, 156, 163, 170, 173, 203, 207, 211, 214, 219, 222, 231, 234; II., 2, 7, 25, 30, 33, 36, 48, 66, 71 [2], 85, 91, 93, 94. , Whelpeley Chapel (in Whiteparish). I., 15, 27, 52, 69, 73, 74, 82, 100, 127, 133, 147, 150, 166, 181, 207. Whiteparish, alias Whitehand. I., 1 (and note), 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 17 [2], Ij . 19 [2], 20, 43, 44, 53, 56, 58, 59, 61, 63, 67, 75, 121, 135 [2], 136, 139, 140, i 143, 148, 166, 193 ; II., 3, 15, 19, 28, 35, 39, 47, 58, 62, 84, 99, 101, 104. (See also Alderton and Abbotston.) ; Wilcote. I., 209, 217, 221 ; II., 4, 27, 36, 40, 43, 54, 74, 80, 90, ! Willington. See Calstone. ; Wilsford, North, or Wivelesford. I., 28, 33, 46, 58, 85, 89, 90, 107 [2], 130, j , 144, 148, i50, 155, .159, 165, 177 [2], 181, 212, 213, 220, 231, 232 ; II., 2, 6 [2], 40, 41, 44, 68, 84, 86, 102. 1 Wilsford and Woodford (Preb.). I., 11, 24, 30, 57, 104, 123, 127, 136, 139, 177, 188 [2], 202, 213, 219 ; II., 6, 36, 48, 52, 62, 76, 94, 103. j Wilton, St. Mary's R., Bread St., or Corn St. I., 5, 6, 48, 55, 88, 91, 109, 117, 120, 134, 157, 164,. 171, 176, 187 [2], 196, 208, 226, 233; II., 6, 11 [2], 22, 27, 35, 65, 75, 78, 94. Ditchampton, R. (St. Andrew's). I., 12, 36, 40, 54, 62, 67, 79, 82, 89, 92, 95, 97, 99, 100, 125, 130, 173, 175, 199, 201 [2], 209 ; II., 94. Bnlbridge, Y. I., 65 [2], 78, 79, 88, 93, 95, 101 12], 107, 109, 119, 163, 233; II., 6, 11 [2]. Netherhampton (St. Catharine's). II., 94. St. Michael's, South St. . I., 2, 10, 14, 24 [3], 43, 55, 57, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 85, 107 [2], 115, 133, 146, 155, 159, 179. Holy Trinity, R. I., 6, 10, 12, 14, 18 [2], 27, 40, 66, 71, 73, 81, 83, 84, 99, 116, 151, 155. St. Nicholas, R., West St. I., 8 [2], 9, 37, 42, 78 [2]. . S. Mary, West St. I., 40, 43, 73, 85, 91, 94, 96, 110. Hospital of St. Giles. I., 230. Winkfield (Winchfield, Berks). I., 9, 11, 13, 19, 23, 38, 43, 50, 86, 90, 101, 102, 118, 126, 134, 137, 173, 200, 213, 216, 221, 223, 234 ; II., 11, 41, 58, 72, . 77, 80, 88. Winkfield (Berks). I., 44, 53, 77. YQL. XXVIII. — NO. LXXXIY. S 234 Index to the " Wiltshire InsUtittiom" Winterbourne Basset. I., 25 [2], 28, 36, 38, 43, 47, 49, 56, 101, 102, 103, 111, j 141 [2], 151, 157, 160, 167, 169, 174, 185, 226; II., 5, 23, 31, 44, 60, 70, { 83, 84, 86, 92. Winterbourne Earls (Comitis), near Sarum. I., 1, 2, 9, 23, 28, 32, 39, 40, 45, 64, J 69 [2], 71 [2], 105, 114, 122 [2], 124, 162, 166, 184, 196, 207, 215, 219, ! 230; II., 33, 34, 40, 58, 62, 84, 89, 97. Winterbourne Gunner (alias Cherbourg). I., 4, 28, 40, 85, 90, 103, 105, ll4,i| 115, 125, 134, 143, 156, 178, 186, 206, 220, 229; II., 8, 24 [2], 40, 54, 58, 63, 80, 81, 84. Winterbourne Monkton (alias Stoke, p. 200). I., 7, 9 [2], 25, 31, 55, 69, 79/ i 81, 90, 92, 95, 111, 113, 114, 143, 150, 153, 154, 161, 179, 181, 188, 193J 194, 195, 200, 203, 220, 232 ; II., 14, 22, 28, 55, 83, 95. Winterbourne Parva. See Asserton. Winterbourn St. George, or Elston. I., 2, 8, 9. Winterbourn St. Nicholas. I., 126. \ Winterbourne Shireston, Shreveton, Sherneton, or Sherenton. I., 125, 160, 207i f Winterbourne Stapleton (Co. Dorset). I., 109. Winterbourne Stoke. I., 26, 33, 46, 63, 65, 66, 68, 76, 77, 82, 84, 94, 101, 105, \ 110, 114, 118, 134, 149, 151, 172, 184, 191, 210, 217, 230 [2] ; II., 8, 26, 27, 29, 32, 36, 49, 51, 52, 76, 77, 80, 102. Winterslow. I., 5 [2], 14, 15, 16, 22, 27, 33, 40, 44, 58, 71, 78, 86, 92, 103 [2], 122 [2], 131, 133, 135, 146, 149, 162, 178, 190, 206, 212, 215, 228; II., 2, 5, 17, 24, 31, 57, 68, 71, 83, 104. Wishford Magna. I., 36, 48, 66, 75, 76, 95, 107, 121, 158, 176, 193, 201, 214,1 227 ; II., 18, 27, 50, 65, 68, 69, 85, 87. Wittenham, alias Rowley. I., 3, 57, 97, 98, 108, 112. Wodesden (Line. Dioc). I., 6. Wokesey. See Oaksey. Woodborough. I., 7, 10 [3], 37 [2],38, 42, 43, 52, 53, 74, 79, 88, 111, 115, 118,1 124, 132, 137, 149, 156, 189, 192, 194, 209, 231 ; II., 22, 29, 48, 50,62, 63, 1 75,81. Woodford Preb. See Wilsford and Woodford. ; Wolveley Portion. I., 77. Wootton Bassett. I., 4, 15, 19, 22, 38, 53, 55, 74, 112, 118, 124, 126, 136 [2],! 146, 167, 168, 172 [2], 179, 185, 195, 198, 209, 229, 232; II., 10, 58, 80M 85, 97, 100, 103. Ditto Priory or Hospital of St. John Baptist. I., 8, 37, 51, 64. Wootton Ryvers. I., 18 [4], 26, 47, 49, 61, 68, 71, 116, 135, 138, 142, 151, 154,.;] 173, 205, 218, 220, 229 ; II., 15, 31, 38, 62, 83, 101. Wootton Fitz Payne (Dorset). I., 23, 43. Wrackleford. II., 62. \ Wraxhall, North (Rectory). I., 16, 23 [2], 46, 47, 55, 62, 69, 82, 93, 94, XX3,t(j 122, 152, 158, 168, 173, 183, 190, 194, 198; II., 7, 20, 23, 28, 34, 44, 49, 1 1 51, 55, 56, 64, 79, 104, 105. ' ! Ditto St. Mary's Chantry. I., 17, 19, 27, 28, 36, 50, 63. Ditto All Saints. I., 75 [2], 79 [2], 88, 90, 94, 98, 115, 116, 120, 123, 136, i 168, 184, 209. 216. A Sketch of the History of Hill Deveritt. 235 Wraxhall, South. I., 208. Wraxhall (Dorset). I., 20, 33, 66 [2], 76 [2], 80, 88, 99, 105, 115, 135, 145, 181 [2]. . Writhlington (Somerset). I., 59 ; II., 77, 82, 100. Wroughton, alias Elingdon. I., 6, 14 [2], 20, 21, 23, 46, 47, 48, 52, 53, 54, 55, 64, 72, 73, 74 [2], 93 [2], 95, 97, 105, 108, 118, 124, 129, 130, 138, 140, 141, 161, 175 [3], 177, 184, 194, 201, 212, 215 [2], 224, 227, 228, 229, 230 ; II., 6, 7, 11, 16, 22, 28, 36, 38 [2], 44, 54, 06, 70, 76, 89 [2], 92 [2], 99, 106 (note). Wurpsden Stockton (Line. Dioc.). I., 176. • Wychampton. I., 27. \ Wydecombe Chantry, in Hilmerton. I., 27, 34, 35. I Wyke (Dorset). I., 46. ' Wyly. I., 16, 35, 75, 100, 121, 140, 154, 168, 187, 231 ; II., 10, 17, 22, 27, 45, 49, 66, 71, 72, 78. j Wynrieh (Wore. Dioc.). I., 63. Y. Yalmpton. II., 38, 63. 'Yatesbnry. I., 5 [2], 6, 8, 15 [2], 27, 54, 56, 59 [2], 68, 123, 130, 146, 160, I n 161, 183, 190 [2], 196, 206, 211, 230 ; II., 1, 2, 19, 26, 35 [3], 36 [2], 40, 46, 49, 57, 66, 96, 97, 98, 100, 102, 103, 105. Yatniinster Prima. II., 33, 46, 56 [2], 68, 88, 104. Ditto Secunda, or Inferior. II., 46, 67, 75, 77, 85, 96. > Ditto and Grimston. II., 56, 100, 101. Tatton-Kaynell. I., 16 [2], 32, 60, 82, 95, 110, 120, 130, 158, 168, 185, 196, , 220; II., 24, 48, 71, 81. Yvern Courtenay, alias Shrewton (Dorset). I., 90. ^>\dt\ of i\t pistorg of Jill jje&mlL By John U. Powbll, M.A. following notes are based upon a paper read at the meeting of the Wiltshire Archaeological Society, at j Warminster, in July, 1893. They are merely a sketch. For the : land-tenure from the Conquest to the fifteenth century, flic scientific ■ enquirer is referred to Hoare's Modern Wilts (Heytesbury Hundred), - to which there is little to add. 236 A Sketch of the History of Hill BeverilL 1. — Derivation of the Name. The place is mentioned in Domesday as Devrel, but none of the oiglit or nine places of that name there mentioned are distinguished by any additional title. There seems, however, no reason to doubt the conclusions at which Hoare arrives in identifying these places. But what is the derivation of the name? A brief discussion is necessary. Is it possible that in the names Kingston Deverill, Monkton Deverill, Brixton Deverill, and Hill Deverill we have names similar to Upton Scudamore, and Holme Lacey ; that is, the old English name with that of the Norman owner added ? Now, in Domesday, one Devrel is held by Brictric ; this is rightly identified by Hoare with Brixton Deverill; another is held by the Abbey of Grlastonbury : this is Monkton Deverill, says Hoare, rightly. The name Longbridge Deverill is due to the causeway made by the Abbey of Grlastonbury over a small marshy plain through which the river flows. There remains Sill Deverill. Now, the name is con- stantly written Hulle, or Hull. Was there a family of this name ? probably not , as Hoare argues. Nightingale — ( Ch urch Plate of Wilts, ' p. 85) — hastily assumes the contrary. Possibly it refers to the hill — Bidcombe Hill — which is partly in the parish, and is one of the - most conspicuous hills in the neighbourhood. Hull seems merely the dialectical form of Hill, as mill, pill, are still, in the Deverill valley, pronounced mull, pull. What then is Deverill ? A mass of authorities is collected in Daniell {History of Warminster, pp. 15 — 18.) Can we accept the following judgments?: — " Deverill is the stream which gives name to the villages " (Hoare) : " the Deverill is so called because it dives underground" (Camden, Drayton, Aubrey, Selden, Britton) : " it is derived from the Celtic Defer, which means simply 4 a stream ' (Daniell, rightly rejecting the second derivation) . Mr. Daniell does not explain the end of the word ; but it might be a compound of Defer and the Gaelic all, meaning white, a word which Isaac Taylor {Names and Places, p. 143) traces in many river-names. On this theory Deverill would mean just " chalk- stream " : but Canon Jones {Wilts Arch. Mag., xiv., 163), regards " el " as a diminutive suffix. The name Mioheldever, in Hants, may be compared, and an obvious parallel is provided By John U. Powell, 31. A. 237 by the names Winterbourne Earls, Winterbourne Dauntsey, Win- U terbourne Grunner and Winterbourne Stoke, all in the same valley. I The theory, then, which Hoare and Daniell put forward, has very 1 respectable support. There is also a discussion by Canon Jackson ;| (TFilts Arch. Mag., xvii., 283). But another view is possible, namely, that it is a place-name, not 1 a river-name. As to the second derivation (from diving) , this seems :| to be a mere popular etymology copied by writer from writer. . Thus Drayton speaks of the Dyver ; but that is not the name of i the stream, and names are not mutilated like this in local language. i Nor is Dever its name. The form in Domesday is Devrel, and such la form as Dyver seems a fanciful etymology. Assuming that j Deverill is the name of the place, not of the stream, and following 1 up the hint which the double name gives, that it possibly contains j the name of an original Norman family, what do we find ? That • Walter cVEvereux was given by William the Conqueror possessions || in this county, which he left to Edward surnamed de Salisbury, his B] younger son (Camden, i., 133) ; that "Edward de Salisbury holds • Devrel " (Domesday : identified by Hoare with part of Hill Deverill) ; • and that " Adelelmus holds of Edward of Salisbury Ballochelie," " Bay cliff, a tithing in Hill Deverill (Domesday, quoted by Hoare, [jp. 32) . Evreux is in Normandy, but, says the Duchess of Cleveland, ilin her edition of the Roll of Battle Abbey, it is not known why the : i Earls of Salisbury, who are descended from a younger son of Count 4ide Eoumare, are called D 'Evreux; this, however, does not concern >lus. The difficulty of the theory is this :— that only one Deverill |.| can be shown to be connected with Edward de Salisbury, son of Walter D 'Evreux, and yet by the time Domesday was drawn up, :jiin 1086 — about twenty years after — -it has spread to all the other : t parishes, and in such a way as to conceal their English names. For, [tin Domesday, the Abbey of Glastonbury holds Longbridge and i Monkton, both of which it apparently held in the time of Edward 2 jthe Confessor, 1042 — 1066 ; the Abbey of Bee holds Brixton ; and jthe Canons of Lisieux, in Normandy, hold part of Kingston (these | two latter being held in the time of Edward the Confessor by i Brictric and Eddeva respectively) ; and Edward d'Evereux, or dc 238 A Sketch of the History of Hill Deverill. Salisbury, is not mentioned in connection with them. Yet perhaps there is a trace of the name in Kingston Deverill, for in a lease granted by Henry Ooker, 1732 (in the possession of the Marquis of j Bath) occur the words : — " three acres of arable land lying in the field called AvereWs Cleeve, under ye way called ye milking-path." This view, that it is a corruption of D'Evereux, is opposed to then popular view which rests on Hoare and Daniell ; but supposing, as it does, that the names of three places are derived from a person it who does not seem connected with them, it certainly requires more evidence to support it. 2. — History of the Church. The earliest date we have for the Church is 1154. No Church is I mentioned in Domesday as existing here, but Churches are not often I mentioned in Domesday, for the precept that directed the survey required no return to be made of Churches. Three Churches in the ] valley are mentioned incidentally : " Eisi, qui tenuit tempore Edwardi Regis, non potuit ab ecclesia separari," an entry which] refers to Longbridge Deverill. There is a similar entry with regard I to Monkton ; and land is mentioned as belonging to the Church at Brixton. There is another entry " Edgar, presbyter, tenet dimidiam ] hidam in Devrel," but this cannot be identified. But inasmuch as; there are clear traces of inhabitants on the rising ground to the east,] and distinct remains of a British village to the west of the Churchy! in a field which, until the modern road was made, joined the ( churchyard, and in which sherds of rough British pottery may b©J turned up with a walking-stick ; and as there are traces of other | British settlements along the river to the south, we may conclude that the Church was built on what was the sacred burial-ground of the British settlement. About 1154, then, Elyas Griff arc! J granted the Church at Hill Deverill, founded in the fee of I Walter, son of Osmund, his knight, to the collegiate Church ail Heytesbury (Hegtredsbury) . There it formed one of the four Pre- j bendal stalls until the Act in 1839 abolishing certain Prebendaries : the house of the prebendary is, perhaps, that on the west side of - Heytesbury Churchyard. By John U. Powell, M.A. 239 The same Ely as Griffard, " for the good of his soul and that of Berta, his wife," founded the Churches of Boy ton, Orcheston St. George, and the Chapel of St. Andrew, at Winterbourne, and gave all of them to the monks of Gloucester : there he became a monk, and died in 1159. 1 Just at this time (1135—1154) :— " The people were stirred by the first of those great religious movements which England was to experience in the preaching of the Friars, the Lollardism of Wiclif, and the Reformation. A new spirit of devotion woke the slumber of the religious houses, and penetrated alike to the home of the noble and the trader." (Green, Short ffistory, p. 91.) 2 It was a revival of English national feeling, of morals, and religion, and the movement spread into Wilts, culminating in the building of Salisbury Cathedral. The next date at which the Church is mentioned is 1220, the year in which the foundation stones of Salisbury Cathedral were laid. In that year, William de Wanda, Dean of Sarurn, to complete the work of Church organisation which the revival began, undertook a visitation of the prebendal estates. In the " Osmund Register," or, as it would be better called, " Richard Poore's Register" (Bishop of Sarum 1217 — 1229), an account is given of this visitation. The entry, which gives a complete in- ventory of the Church furniture, including the service books, and which mentions that the Church is still to be dedicated, is there given in full. Some of the following particulars are interesting : — "There is a stone Church, covered with lead, and needing repair; it has a Baptistery and Cemetery, and gets its oil and chrism from Heytesbury. There is a broken and disfigured [debilis et deformis\ image of the Virgin ; two pro- cessional crosses; a small silver cup." Yarious vestments are then enumerated, then :— - "One sufficient surplice ; one insufficient surplice ; one thurible requiring mending ; four candlesticks ; a sufficient Chrismatory. There is no Pyx con- taining the Eucharist, but this is deposited in a silk purse. Two portable marble altars, consecrated." 1 There is a tradition among the old men that there was land belonging to the Church, and stolen from it, somewhere along the river towards Brixton : this is worth mentioning, but through lack of evidence we cannot go further. 2 Canon Jones, in his admirable popular History of the Diocese of Sarum, p. 103, quotes this passage with the ourious misprint of " doctrine " for " devotion." 240 A Sketch of the Mfotory of Hill Deverill. Among the books are a Missal, a Breviary, an Antiplionary, a Manual, a Psaltery, a Hymnary (the last three said to be "sufficient"); but no Gradual; and "a chest bequeathed by a woman of the name of Emiline." The Church is dedicated to the Assumption, the festival of which is August 15th (Lady-Day in harvest), and tradition says that the village revel was held on that day. It is stated by Daniell (Hist, of Warminster, p. 44), that one Robert le Bore, who was lord of Hill Deverill, founded a Chantry there, and endowed it with two messuages, thirty acres of arable land, one of mead, and £20 a year to maintain it. It is called the Chapel of the Holy Trinity, and John le Bore is mentioned as Chaplain. The date of this foundation is in or after 1324 : the en- dowment is lavish. The only other date at which this Chantry appears is 1408, when William Felde is said to be Chantry Chaplain. There seems no record of this Chantry being founded in connection witli the Parish Church. Perhaps it was at Baycliff . All chantries were suppressed in 1547, owing to the abuses to which they led (Social England , vol. iii., pp. 35, 36). Eighteen grammar schools were founded out of the amount realised by their suppression. . ... To return to the Parish Church. In 1403 John de Growayne and others gave to the Priory of Maiden Bradley lands in Hill Deverill to maintain a certain lamp in the Church. A visitation was held by Dean Chandler, in 1408, when the name of a priest is given. In 1533 William Ludlow, in his will proved this year, directs that a picture of himself and his heirs should be placed in the Church. The altar- tomb in the Church is that of his father, John Ludlow, whose will was proved in November, 1519 : the brass inscription has been removed. In 1553 a visitation was held by the King's Commissioners ; they left a chalice of 7oz., and three bells ; 2Joz. of silver went to the King. We get no other notice of the Church till 1648, when the registers begin. It is not possible to make out a complete list of Incumbents, because the Church was a prebend in Heytesbury ; and the prebendal register of Heytesbury is not only fragmentary, but, where it gives the name of a clergyman connected with Hill Deverill, the name may be merely that of the holder of By John U. Powell, M.A. 241 the prebend. The first year in which the name of a "curate" appears in the registers is 1710 ; the name is Brian Holland. He signs again in 1718, hut his marriage with Ann Dean is recorded as early as 1685, " inter horas canonicas." The names which occur before the Reformation, taken from Hoare, are : — 1220. Bartholomew, Parson (persona), and a " Capellanus annuus" named John. 1408. John Haydon, Vicar. 1419. William Atte Ponde, Vicar. 1421. Hugo Newman, by exchange. After the Eeformation : — 1682. Edmund Ludlow Coker.1 He was born at Hill Deverill, 1659. [1685. Brian Holland "Curate" of Heytesbury in 1672. In 1682 he is described as Prebendary.] 1710. Brian Holland, Curate.2 1718.3 Brian Holland, Curate. 1726. Benjamin Coker. His handwriting appears in the registers till 1731. He was probably nephew of the above-named Edmund Ludlow Coker; he was baptised 1687, was Rector of Kingston Deverill, died 1732, and was buried at Hill Deverill. 1727. Francis Cave solemnises a marriage. Perhaps his writing appears also in 1732. He was Vicar of Norton Bavant. 1741. John Forman, Minister. 1742. Ditto. 1756. Robert Twyford, Curate. 1787—1796. B. Thring, Curate. 1797 (August). J. Seagram, Curate. 1798—1836. G. Smith, Curate. He was also Vicar of Norton Bavant. 1 Hoare. 2 This entry, aud the following, are in the registers* 3 A gap occurs in the registers from 1720— 1725* 242 A Sketch of the History of Hill Deverill. 1837. Robert Meek. 1838 — 1858. William Barnes. He was also Eector of Brixton Deverill. 1858. John Powell. All these names occur in one or other of the parish documents. ' The lists for Longbridge Deverill, which was held by the Abbey of Glastonbury, and that of Brixton, in the gift of the Bishop, are i much more complete. The Churchwardens' accounts show that, as was generally the ; case in the eighteenth century, the Communion was administered four times in the year, and this continued till 1858. The Church required continual repairs, especially at the hands of the tilers and glaziers. In 1789 a sum of £144 was laid out upon r it ; sixty-eight rates were levied, producing £151 ; and in ! 1841 a complete re-building took place. This cost £436, of which £409 was raised by subscription. The Church was pulled down, j with the exception of the east wall, and in the re-building most of F the ancient features were lost. The plate in Hoare gives a plan of \ the Church as it was in his time. The porch there figured was I removed in 1841 : under the year 1775 in the churchwardens' account is an entry " mending the tower " : but there is no reason i for thinking this tower anything more than a bell-cote. The altar- rails are good oak of the last century. The east wall of the Church 1 J was not pulled down, and may be seen outside to be in material and ■ construction quite different from the other parts. Into the east wall '\ i outside is built a head carved in stone, but it is now hidden by the ivy. , j Of the Church plate the oldest piece is the flagon, which bears the ' | arms of Ludlow. It was, perhaps, in the repairs of 1789 that some of the wooden monuments in the chancel were re-painted, and ! j wrong dates put in. This will be noticed below, in dealing with } j the family of Coker. In 1860 the organ was put in. Hitherto the i j music had been supplied by wind and stringed instruments.1 3. — The Parish Registers and Documents, (a) The Register begins in 1648, but the only name that appears I 1 This band originally went from church to church, but at the last played here j twice each Sunday. By John U. Powell, M.A. 243 for a few years is Coker ; and perhaps the entries for this family till 1660 were added all together. Other names began to appear in 1658, and perhaps also on a preceding page, but the dates are illegible. There are no entries for the years 1671 to 1676, in- clusive, and the list is probably incomplete from 1659 to 1662 and from 1696 to 1702. Vol. I. ends in 1720, and Vol IT. begins in 1725 ; between these years there are no entries. Vol. II. ends in 1757 ; Vol. III. begins in 1758, but contains in the middle of the book two sets of banns for 1756, and on the first page a marriage for the same year. It ends in 1812. The Rev. Gr. Smith, incum- bent 1798 — 1836, in a paper descriptive of the registers, drawn up by himself in May 1813, remarks : — "Vol. II. appears deficient in many places : a leaf appears to have been torn out after the year 1735, but there is an account at the end of the book for the year 1736. ' ' This is perhaps true ; at the same time, the average number of births and burials recorded for 1735 is not smaller than for other years. In 1693, and in many succeeding years, generally in April? the registers are seen and endorsed by various persons, presumably magistrates. From 1680 to 1699, and even to 1735, there are records of burials in woollen, and affidavits thereof. The Act requiring these was passed in 1666. Other curious entries are " an aught of David " (i.e., affidavit) ; " Sacheverill " as a Christian name (1719) ; rough scribblings, such as " Young men beware, for there is a day of doom " ; " George Selward is my name, And with my pen I write the same. And if my pen had been better ■ I would amend every letter " ; "He that swims in sin shall sink in sorrow " ; "Moses Sheppard, a child that was found in the field, baptised, July 1745." Baptisms are recorded during the time of the Commonwealth, in 1658, although from 1655 to 1660 the worship of the Church was carried on only in the strictest secrecy and under the severest penalties. (b) Parish Accounts. The first volume contains the accounts of the years 1740—1756, and consists merely of the accounts of money paid to the poor, and of the names of successive overseers, the first 244 A Sketch of the History of Hill Deverill. mentioned being Thomas Lampard for 1741-2, and William Gray, 1742-3. In 1747 payments are made for cutting a new road at Bradbury. In August, 1749, small-pox occurs. (c) The Churchwardens' Accounts begin in 1740 ; Yol. I. contains 1740 — 1848. They are kept regularly. There is nothing par- ticular to notice in them beyond the entries of payments for " varmints' heads," stoats, foxes, hedgehogs, polecats, and sparrows. The last of these payments is in 1824. The prices are : — a fox, 6d. ; a stoat, 3d. ; polecat, 3d. ; hedgehog, 2d, ; a dozen sparrows, 2d. As to the existence of these various registers we may remark that the first entry is that of the birth of the first son of Sir Henry Coker and Elizabeth, his wife, born Ludlow ; she was born in 1630, and succeeded to the Hill Deverill estate on the death of her father in 1644. As the date of her child's birth is September, 1648, clearly the register begins to be kept when Sir Henry Coker comes to live in the parish. The first name other than Coker is Richard Huntly (married in or about 1660). Perhaps the Coker entries from 1648 to 1659 were made all together in 1659 : the first contemporary entry may be in 1654.1 John Forman, Minister, and Thomas Webb sign the parish accounts for 1740. The earliest date at which the name of any family now (1895) living in the parish appears, is 1685, when William Parker is baptised ; then come Job Grey, 1708, who is described as servant to Viscount Weymouth, and who marries Elizabeth Carraway, servant to the Lady Coker ; (the spelling Gray does not occur till 1727, when Ann, the wife of Edward Gray, is- buried) ; Mary, the daughter of Abigail Buddick, baptised 1729 ; William Foord, buried 1741 ; Mary Carpenter, buried 1746 ; Nicholas, son of William and Sarah Houlton, baptised 1779; Ann, daughter of Joseph and Letica Collins, baptised 1782 ; and William Doinan, born 1787. An accurate transcript of the registers, with the names arranged 1 The handwriting of the first few years in the register is not improbably that of Sir Henry Coker, whose signature is preserved in a copy of Culpeper's Herbal (published 1651), existing in the next parish. By John U. Powell, 31. A. 245 in alphabetical order for convenience of reference, is being prepared under the direction of the writer. There is one charity in the parish, the interest of £100, to be applied by the Vicar and churchwardens to buy bread and coal for eight of the oldest men and women, residents in and natives of the parish. It was left in 1875 by John Hale Clifford, to be distributed on Good Friday. 4. — History of the Land. The early history of the Manor is obscure, but there is no ground for disputing the conclusions of Hoare in his account of the parish.1 We find that there were three holders in Domesday, Osbern Griffard, Edward of Salisbury, and the Earl of Gloucester. Putting together what Hoare says in his notices of the families of Giffard (Heytesbury Hundred, pp. 201 and 238) and Matravers (pp. 181 and 221), we find that what the Giffards possessed continued with them till 1319, when their estates were forfeited to the Crown ; then it passed to the Spencers ; was forfeited again to the Crown, who gave it in 1331 to Sir John Matravers, who died 1368 ; a descendant of his, Eleanor, married Sir John Arundel, who died at sea, 1380. He is apparently the person who was drowned off the coast of Brittany, and who is quaintly described as having lost " not only his life, but all his body-apparel, to the amount of two and fifty suits of cloth of gold " {Social England, ii., p. 389). His widow married Sir Eoger Cobham, who died seised of the manor in 1405. 2 From this point there is at present a gap in our notices of it till we find William Ludlow the owner at his death in 1478. The 1 Hoare identifies the Deverel which in Domesday is put down to Edward of Salisbury as Hill ; but Canon Jones {Wilts Domesday, p. 212), as Kingston; Hoare identifies the Deverel which is put down to Urso, as Kingston ; Jones as Hill. I believe Hoare to be right, for the Urso property has a mill attributed to it now, Hill Deverill already had its mill in Osberns property, while Kingston is the only Deverill which appears to have had none ; the conclusion is therefore almost irresistible that Urso's land with its mill is part of Kingston. Eachiplace then has its mill. Jones, however, seems right in identifying Edgar's Devrel {Domesday) as a part of Hill Deverill. 2 This may be inferred from a comparison of Hoare, pp. 221 and 301. 246 A Sketch of the History of Mill Deverill. family of Deverel appears to have had the following history : — It is the same, if the argument in the section on the derivation of the name is sound, as the family of Edward of Salisbury : his patrimony descended to the Longespees (Hoare, p. 8) , and apparently through them to the Giffards (Hoare, p. 239). The Deverels also held of the Giffards, and this property seems to have been forfeited to the Crown, in 1338 : the Crown granted it to Sir Thomas Cary, who died 1382. It seems not unsafe to conclude that the family of Ludlow got possession of the main part of the parish somewhere in the middle of the fifteenth century, and made their home there. In 1478 the manor is in the possession of William Ludlow ; a pedigree of this family is inserted in Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxvi., p. 1. He is the first of his name who is known to have held the manor. This William Ludlow was an important person. He was Butler to Henry IV., V., and VI. ; in 1439 he was appointed Marshal of Calais, and afterwards Parker of the Park at Ludgershall ; in 1449 he appears as farmer of certain customs in Wilts ; he died in 1478, and is buried in St. Thomas's Church, Salisbury. He had rebuilt the north aisle of this Church, and decorated it with stained glass, whereon were figures of himself and his family. His tomb was near the altar, but has disappeared. From this time till 1648 the manor remains in this family. In the will of William Ludlow the manor is described as consisting of " two tofts [/. after whom the road between Coped-Hall and Baynard's-Ash appears to be named, as mentioned in the perambulation. It is not at all probable that Elizabeth came to Fasterne in her later years, as Sir Francis Englefield, who resided there (being a Catholic) was regarded, and treated, as one of her enemies. To return, however, to the particular subject of this paper, it may be men- tioned that about forty years ago an analysis of this saline water was made for | the Earl of Clarendon, then owner, by the late Mr. Gyde, of Painswick, which was as follows : — "Analysis of Water at Whitehill, Wool-ton Bassctt. Taste of water ... ... ... saline. Re-action ... ... ... slightly acid. Specific gravity at 60 degrees ... ... 100*73 Gases in solution ... carbonic acid and traces of nitrogen. Solid contents (dry) obtained by actual experiment 83 "7 in a pint, consisting of : — Chloride of sodium ... ... 17'00 Chloride of magnesia ... ... "21 Carbonate of lime ... ... 'o4i Carbonate of magnesia' ... ... "21 Sulphate of soda (dry) ... ... 57'22 (equal to 128 grains of crystallized sulphate of commerce) Sulphate of magnesia ... ... 110 Sulphate of lime ... ... ... '5-1 Iodide of sodium ... ... (traces) Organic matter, consisting of humate of ammonia and other soluble organic compounds ... ... ... *20." 254 NoteS) Archc&ological and Historical. The analyst further stated that there was only one other saline spring known to exist which was richer in sulphate of soda, namely, that of Leidchutz, in Germany. According to an analysis of the mineral water at Purton,the total solid residue per gallon was 341*728, and of sulphate of soda 112"239— temperature 58Jdegs. Sir H. B. Meux, Dart., has also on his estate at Christian Malford another chaly- beate spring, which the people there aver to be superior even to that at Whitehill in its curative properties. It is situated in the meadow between the residence known as " The Comedy " and the road leading to Chippenham. In a most interesting work (in four vols., London, 1742), intituled " A Tour through the whole of Great Britain by a Gentleman," this spring is incorrectly stated to be in the parish of Dauntsey, of which place it has a long and amusing account. The spa is thus alluded to : — " Tho' this place is often overflowed with water, yet there is none good either for brewing or washing, or any spring of sweet water. Here is a spring of a chalybeate kind which would turn to good account were it not in such a distant and almost inaccessible part of the country oc- j casioned by bad roads, which were a great protection to the inhabitants in the -j late Civil Warrs, who were never visited by either party, but injoyed an easy and uninterrupted repose, whilst their neighbours, on all sides, were involved in the calamities of that unnatural war." The cheese made at Dauntsey is very highly praised, being considered as equal to Cheddar, and it is stated that there was not a single acre of arable land in the parish, nor any which did not belong j to Lord Peterborough, who was so much cheated and imposed on by the widows of his deceased copyholders that he recommended in a humorous way "his manor of Dauntsey to all such as were apprehensive of dying." The author, who was the celebrated novelist, Samuel Richardson (the author of " Pamela," &c), describes the tower of Dauntsey Church as one of the best built he had ever seen. Aubrey, in his " Collections for North Wilts," relating to Wootton Bassett, mentions that at " the parke here there is a petrifying water which petrifies very quickly." This petrifaction is a calcareous deposit from the water derived \ from the coral rag. The spring is situated on the north side of the town at \ a short distance from it, on a piece of land originally of a hundred acres, | called the "Lawn," or " Lawnd," mentioned in the petition to Parliament j from the inhabitants in the time of the Commonwealth as being assigned to j them for pasturage by Sir Francis Englefield, when he deprived them of their supposed rights in Fasteme Great Park. Aubrey also mentions " that at Huntsmill there is a well where the water turns the leaves, &c, of a red colour." He probably saw this spring on his visit to Oxford from Dray cot, by the side of the road, before the latter was diverted in 1793, at the time of the introduction of turnpikes. The water has still that property from its ferruginous nature. From a quarry being opened in 1832 on the other side of the road it now rises there. W. F. Parsons. The Fire at Oolerne, 1774. The dreadful fire that happened at Colerne, in the County of Wilts on the 1st of April, 1774, reduced to ashes forty-two dwelling-houses, two malt-house^ JSrofcs, Archaeological and Historical, 255 eighteen barns, seven stables, thirty-six out-houses, three wheat -ricks and three bay-ricks, and reduced nearly sixty families (including lodgers) to the greatest necessity. Svfferers' names and avocations. Age. Age of Wife. Age of Children. Value of Guods and Chattels. £ s. d. 1 An&t, Daniel Woolcomber 79 69 13 4 3 2 Ball, Hannah Spinner 22 10 3 3 Ball, Samuel Labourer 54 53 14 0 4 Blatchley, Thomas - ditto 16 1 17 6 5 Blatchley, Ann Spinner 17 17 3 6 Baker, William Labourer - 25 26 1 14 0 7 Bayer, Joan Spinner 43 5 18 6 8 Butler, Robert Carpenter - 33 31 9, 7, 5, 3, 1 17 0 9 Burgess, Joseph Labourer - 68 58 17, 15, 4 55 6 3 10 Cripps, Mary, Widow Spinner 59 3 18 6 11 Cox, Samuel Labourer - 33 1 12 6 12 Davis, Thomas ditto 26 24 1 5 2 13 Fisher, George ditto 55 65 9 11 0 14 Fudge, Joan, Widow- Spinner 54 3 13 6 15 Ford, Thomas Labourer - 38 34 5, 4, | 2 3 0 16 Gardner, Joan Spinner 69 2 2 7 17 Green way, Francis - 1'aker 57 55 20, 15 42 10 0 18 Hulbert, Thomas Mason 32 30 33 13 0 19 Hulbert, James Shoemaker - 36 41 4 ! 3 7 0 20 Hulbert, William Labourer - 65 24 2 11 11 21 Hulbert, Ann, Widow 65 9 8 6 22 Jones, Ann 54 21, 15, 11, 7 27 8 10 23 Jones, Thomas Publican 56 55 25 60 10 9 24 Johnson, Richard Labourer 89 45, 34 3 6 6 25 Kingston, Daniel ditto 62 50 21 2 7 4 2(3 Little, Jane Spinner 47 24 5 13 7 27 Moxam, Abel Farmer 39 45 15, 11 45 8 1 28 Milsom, James Butcher 32 41 38 15 9 29 Milsom, Richard Baker 52 54 19 6 3 10 30 Moon, Joseph Farmer 55 50 22, 20 2 3 8 31 Mullings, John Carpenter - 22 2 18 0 32 Mullings, Thomas Mason 35 36 12, 4, 3, \ 3 4 0 33 Mullings, John Labourer - 17 19 0 34 Mullings, Mary Spinner 62 33, 24, 20, 9 4 18 2 35 Nowell, Benjamin Scribbler 57 19 3 36 Osborne, James Labourea- - 66 55 21, 15, 12 7 7 0 37 llfii n avti o ■Tnnn voUUl Ucj UUlill ■ ditto 33 29 4, 2 6 10 5 38 Orchard, Dorcas Spinner 66 30, 19 4 7 6 39 Reed, Henry Farmer 34 23 M 106 0 8 40 Ricketts, George Selman, Unity Carpenter - 74 54 45 7 9 1 41 Spinner 64 10 0 0 42 Shewring, William - Labourer 50 40 3 3 2 43 Shewring, Betty Spinner 31 10 17 4 44 Simmons, Richard Blacksmith - 38 32 10, 4, 2 3 13 9 45 Smith, Thomas Maltster - 60 99 17 7 46 Smith, Isaac Labourer - 38 44 11,9,7,4 2 13 9 47 Smith, John Sheerman - 54 54 16 0 4 , 48 Southward, Thomas - Maltster 58 26 6, 4, 1| 269 14 9 256 Notes, Archaeological and Historical. Age. Age of Wiie. Age of Children. Value of Goods and Chattels. £ s. d. 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 fin 61 62 63 Sumsion, S., Widow - Sumsion, S., Junior - Sumsion, Samuel Sumsion, Samuel Sumsion, Michael Tanner, John Taylor, Daniel Taylor, Ann Tily, Thomas Tllflkpv T? i pTi a rrl Woodman, John \TIT _ 1 TIT* 1 1 • Woodman, William - Walter, John Walter, Ann Wiltshire, William - Spinner ditto Cooper Publican ditto Farmer Glazier Spinner Labourer - YK 1 €\ •plrcTvn f.n - JJlctUlvollJltiii ■ Labourer - Scribbler Labourer - Spinner Labourer - 29 42 48 57 30 53 33 54 35 35 64 24 43 60 26 21 53 41 58 37 59 43 26, 24 5 children 7 children 26 16, 14, 13 6,4,£ 20, 16 11,2 34, 30 31 15 7 13 13 10 18 10 0 2 17 0 3 - - 215 - - 1 - - [Paper torn off here] 6 9 6 9 15 11 Total - 186 1334 17 3 £ s. d. A general account of the damage sustained in the buildings, surveyed, valued, and attested by Robert Powell, of Marsh- field, Robert Hulbert, of Pickwick, and Daniel Davis, of Colerne ... ... ... ... ... 2911 9 2| Goods and chattels ... ... ... ... 1334 17 3 £4246 6 5£ The house and stock of Thomas Southwood were insured at £300, which is the only insurance included in the estimate. [Note.— On the east end of Charterhouse Farm-house, at Colerne (lately purchased by J. Walmsley, Esq.), are still to be seen traces of the fire, as also on the cottage near. P. PlNCHIN. Examination of the Pits on Martinsell Hill, and the adjoining barrow. By Colonel T. Dunn and B. Howabd Cunnington, F.S.A. Scot. In the autumn of 1894 we made sundry excavations in the so-called pit- dwellings on the eastern side of Martinsell Hill. Though we opened three or four of these excavations no remains of ancient habitation of any description were found. The local tradition that they are " soldiers' graves " and that the mounds cover the remains of some noble warrior has nothing to justify it, as we \ dug into two or three of these mounds but found that they consist of the ordinary material of the hill (chalk) only. The earth from the excavations being thrown J straight to the front there formed rude mounds. Mr. William Cunnington examined these pits in 1865, but found no remains Notes, Archaeological and Historical. 257 of ancient inhabitants except a few fragments of pottery of old but uncertain date. Mr. Thomas Codrington, in a letter dated 1861, writes: — "The pits are in two tiers, the lower tier separated from the steep sides of the hill by a terrace, below which the chalk taken from the pits was thrown in mounds. Above this lower set of pits are more mounds, then a terrace, then a second tier of pits. The pits run one into another and out on to the terraces by what may have been once round pits, but have now as much the appearance of passages in many cases. This renders it difficult to count the number, but there are from thirty to thirty- five, as near as I can make out. Round to the south is a pit much larger than the rest, measuring thirty feet across." As no relics of human habitation have been found here, and as the situation is so extremely exposed, there is little probability that the pits were ever used for dwellings. They may, possibly, however, have been constructed as shelters for look-out men in times of danger. A line of similar ancient pits on the edge of Rodborough Hill, near Stroud, Gloucestershire, are believed to have been used for this purpose. Whilst excavating in these pits we noted a large barrow situate a few hundred yards to the east of the road leading to Marlborough. With the kind permission of the Marquis of Ailesbury and the tenant, Mr. Haines, we opened this barrow in May last. It is lift, high, 52ft. in diameter, and is surrounded by a trench 12ft. wide and 3ft. deep. The top of the barrow is dome-shaped like a bell, and ! had in its centre a large beech-tree growing. There were also many trees— oak and elm — growing on the barrow and round it on the outside of the trench. Commencing on the eastern side we cut a trench 4-^ft. wide down to the original soil, right through to the centre on the level, and then excavated out all round to the distance of 2ft., thus effectually clearing out what was originally the first earth thrown up. No indication in the shape of an interment was found. Just before we reached the centre, about 4ft. from the original level, one large flint, weighing perhaps 25lbs., was taken out, but nothing whatever was found beneath it. Several specimens of flint knives and scrapers were found amongst the first earth thrown up to make the barrow, i.e., in the layers nearest the original ground level. One or two pieces of pottery very similar in appearance to that found in the Broomsgrove Kilns were found nearer the surface. The undisturbed con- dition of the barrow gave ample evidence that it had not been previously opened. Whether it was raised to commemorate some great event, such as a victory or death of a chieftain or prominent personage, it is of course impossible to say ; but so far as the negative evidence goes, it seems against the supposition that it it is a funereal mound. Wiltshire Bibliography. In the catalogue of second-hand books issued by Mr. Thomas Thorp, of Reading, in May last, item No. 763 ran as follows :— " Wiltshire. — Extensive MS. Collections, by the late Canon Jackson, towards a Bibliography of Wiltshire, in a parcel, 5s." I wrote for it, but received a reply that it was already sold, and subsequently learnt that the purchaser was Mr. Francis Jenkiuson, of 258 Notes, Archceological and Historical Trinity College, Cambridge, Librarian to the university. I wrote to Mr. Jcnkinson about it, and he most promptly and kindly replied by sending the parcel for my acceptance for the use of the Society, in the proposed compilation of a Wilts Bibliography. Examination of the parcel at once showed that it did not contain the collections which Canon Jackson had made, which were known to the Rev. E. H. Goddard and others, and were referred to in the paper on this subject iu the Magazine, vol. xxvi., p. 222, &c. In the parcel were two letters from Canon Jackson to the late Mr. Henry Cunnington, of Devizes, which at once gave the history of it, viz., that the major part of it consisted of memoranda with regard to Wiltshire books sent by Mr. H. Cunnington to Canon Jackson to make use of for his larger collection, in November, 1879. Canon Jackson's first letter, acknowledging the receipt of the packet, is dated 13th November, 1879, and his second, returning it, 2'3rd March, 1882. In the latter, after saying that he had at last been able to go through the lists of books, he writes : — " I had, of course, on my previous list, the greater part of those in your lists, but I found some fresh items, and also much help from Mr. Kemm's accurate description of works already briefly registered by me." The actual contents of the parcel were : — 1. — "Catalogue of printed books and pamphlets relating to Wiltshire, in the library of James Waylen, 1876." 18 pp., quarto ; the items arranged in order of date. 2. — Mr. Henry Cunnington's brief alphabetical list of books relating to Wiltshire. 25 pp., foolscap. 3. — Printed. " A Catalogue of Tracts, Pamphlets, Prints, and Drawings, illustrating Wiltshire, on sale for ready money, by Alfred Russell Smith, 36, Soho Square, London, W. 1878." 8vo., pp. 18. 4. — " List of books relating to Wiltshire." 88 pp. quarto. The books in this list, which is the one compiled by Mr. Kemm, of Amesbury, and referred to by Canon Jackson in his second letter, are not arranged in any special order, but the titles of the books are given in full. 5. — An alphabetical index of the authors of works given in Mr. Kemm's list, made by and in Canon Jackson's writing. I imagine that the parcel must have come into the book market after the death of Mr. Henry Cunnington. I have given the circumstances with regard to it as fully as I can make them out, for they seem to me to be of interest. The materials will of course be at the disposal of the Society for the purpose of the bibliography of the county, whenever it is taken in hand. C. W. Holgate. Roman Pavement at Box. During the visit of the Society to Box, on August 2nd, 1895, the Members were shown a small patch of pavement about 9in. below the surface of the garden of the house immediately opposite the north side of the Church tower, which had recently been discovered. It measures about 4ft. X 2ft., the edges being broken away. Miss Burges, the occupier of the garden, said that further search had been made all round, but the pavement did not seem to extend further, and no Notes, Archaeological and Historical. 259 doubt being so near the surface the remainder has been destroyed. The patch consists of three stripes of rough tesserae— the centre one of tile, and the outside stripes of dark .red sandstone, and of a cream-coloured stone, apparently white lias. There were also some small fragments of flue tiles. Doubtless this pave- ment formed a part of the extensive villa, remains of which have been found in the adjoining gardens from time to time, a portion of which is described in vol. xxvi., p. 405, of this Magazine. Miss Burges has had the pavement covered with a folding trap-door, but it is in a very disintegrated condition, and will probably not long survive exposure. e. h. goddaed. The Flags of the Calne Volunteers. The two flags belonging to the Calne Volunteers have just been presented by the Marquis of Lansdowne to the Corporation of Calne, and hung in the Town Hall. These flags came into the possession of the grandfather of the present Marquis tvhen the old volunteers were disbanded. One of these flags is of yellow silk, with a small Union Jack in the corner, and in the centre the borough arms with the inscription round them "Calne Volunteers," and, on a scroll below, the motto " Pro Patria Parentibus et Uxoribus." The other is a Union Jack with "G. III. R." surmounted by a crown, in the centre. Wilts Volunteers of 1803. Copied from " The Sun," 17th December, 1803. (From the London Gazette, December 15th, 1803.) War Office, December 15th, 1803. Alvedeston Company of Volunteers. Charles King, Gent., to be Lieutenant. John Eibbeck, Gent., to be Ensign. Corsham Volunteer Infantry. Robert John Hulbert, Gent., to be Lieutenant. To be Ensigns— William Edwards, Gent. William Ward, Gent. Charles Barrow, Gent. Devizes Volunteer Battalion. William Salmon, Esq., to be Lieutenant-Colonel. James Gent, Esq., to be Major. Henry Butcher, Esq., to be Captain. John Bodman Yinco, Esq., to bo ditto. Daniel Compton, Gent., to be Lieutenant. Robert Hughes, Gent., to be Adjutant. 260 Notes, Archaeological and Historical Downton Associated Volunteers. James Bailey, Esq., to be Captain. John Reeves, Gent., to be Lieutenant. John Bailey, Jun., Gent., to be ditto. Henry Rooke, Gent., to be Ensign. Malmeshury Volunteer Infantry. Lord Andover to be Major. Samuel Haugkton, Gent., to be Lieutenant, vice Coleman. Eleanor Newman, Gent., to be Ensign, vice Smith. Abraham Smith, Gent., to be Ensign, vice Maskelyn. Whorwell Volunteers. Frederick Iremonger to be Ensign, vice Rogers. West Wilts Volunteer Battalion. — McDowell, Gent., to be Adjutant. G. E. Daetnell. The Sale of the Collection of Antiquities belonging to | The Be v. E. Duke, of Lake House. The collection of antiquities belonging to the Rev. E. Duke, of Lake House, was sold by auction on July 10th, 1895, by Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson & | Hodge. Nearly all the British articles came from barrows in the neighbour- j hood of Lake — and many of them are figured and described in Hoare's Ancient j Wilts. The fact that they were in this way well known to antiquaries no doubt accounted in some measure for the high prices which they realised, j The Committee of our Society had hoped that several of the lots might have i been secured for our Museum, and so have been kept in the county to which jj they belonged, and the Rev. E. H. Goddard attended the sale on the Society's f behalf. But, unfortunately for Wiltshire, Sir A. Wollaston Franks had set l|J his mind upon them for the British Museum, and in such circumstances local | societies or county museums find but scant mercy at his hands. No one who ij knows anything of the matter can help acknowledging the unwearied industry M and the splendid private generosity by which he has so enriched the [j national collections ; but it is at least an open question whether the cause i j of archaeology is better served by the amassing of great numbers of similar f specimens in London — a large proportion of which cannot be exhibited for want 1 of room — rather than by allowing them to find a home in good local museums, | such as our own or that of General Pitt-Rivers, at Earnham, where, in addition j to the intrinsic interest of the several objects themselves, there is the added ij local interest which arises from their being preserved in the localities in which J| they have been discovered. Whatever may be the rights of the question, at a sale the longest purse wins ; and the British Museum accordingly acquired all the most important lots, with two or three exceptions. One of these was Lot 120, "one half or side of a stone mould, in syenite, for casting bronze celts, one face carved for making a single-looped socketed celt 4Jin. long; Notes, Archaeological and Historical. 261 the other for making a double-looped celt 5\m. long ; found at Bulford, near Amcsbury." For this most interesting object a spirited contest took place between the British Museum and Gen. Pitt-Rivers, and in the end it fell to the latter bidder for £30. Gen. Pitt-Rivers also secured for £8 the smaller of the two fine torques of bronze and three bronze finger-rings from Lake, the larger torque going for £7 10s. to Mr. Graves. The only lot secured for our own Museum was No. 124, " a flat bronze armlet channelled on the outer side " {unhappily grievously rubbed up and mended'] " and five simple armlets of square or rounded bronze — all said to be from Lake " (£3 5s.), In Mr. Duke's MS. notes of the contents of barrows opened in that neighbour- hood, however, no mention of such armlets is made. Two bronze celts — one socketed and one flanged — from Lake, went for £7. The following were the lots bought by the British Museum, all from Lake unless otherwise noted :— Lot 118. A fine cinerary urn with deep rim, 15|in. high. £9 5*. „ 114 Ditto, rim broken, 16in. high. £5 10s. „ 115. Ditto, unusually well made, and ornamented, narrow rim, 12in. high. £10 10s. „ 116. Ditto, plain, no rim or ornament, marks on the side where handles or eyelet-holes have been, 12Jin. high. £11. „ 117. Small food vessel, or urn, with two pierced ears or handles at sides, 5in. high. £11. „ 118. About half-a-dozen small fragments of urns and food vessels with different ornamentation. £3. „ 119. The small reversible "incense cup" figured in Ancient Wilts, plate xxxi., one side of it a good deal broken ; and a curious flat circular cover (? apparently not belonging to the cup). £7 10s. „ 122. A small stone celt, broken flint arrow-head, three whetstones, and four whorls from Lake and Normanton, &c. £2. „ 123. Five small bronze dagger blades — Ancient Wilts, vol. I., 211, 212 — and the point of a bronze spear-head found when making the Kenuet and Avon Canal. £18. „ 127. A very curious late Celtic armlet of thin hammered bronze filled up with lead or tin, with repousse engraved design and paste beads set in it, found in 1802 in a stream work at Trenowethj Cornwall : figured in Archceologia. vol. xvi. £20. „ 129. Four small pieces of bone, with patterns on them, described and figured in Ancient Wilts, I., 312, as tesserce, but more probably bone inlays ; with small bronze chisel, bronze and bone awls, and three beads of jet and chalcedony — all found at Lake. £7 15s. „ 130. Neck ornament formed of eight perforated plates of amber, found at Lake, in 1806, in a barrow — Ancient Wilts, vol. I., 201 ; Archceologia, vol. xlii., 505; together with three similar plates, from an armlet (?) and eleven pendant-shaped beads from a necklace of the same material. £11. ,, 131. Fifty round beads, twenty barrel-shaped and six others, with ten 262 Notes, Archaeological and Historical. small buttons or bosses, all of amber, and thirteen long beads of glazed earthenware (?)— {Ancient Wilts, vol. I., 211). £10. Lot 132. Five roediseval crucibles of terra cotta, found in St. Thomas's Church, Salisbury, and a mediaeval bowl of tin, from Cornwall. £12. Other Wiltshire things which fell to different buyers were: — two bronze • crucifix figures, found at Old Sarum — one of them clothed and crowned after the Byzantine fashion, with traces of enamel, and probably of the twelfth . century ; and another which may have been of the fourteenth century. A couple of interesting silver rings, a seal with the figure of St. Catherine, all I found near Salisbury ; a small gold ring with a sapphire, found at Durnford (wrongly catalogued as an " ecclesiastic's ring ") ; and two mediaeval arrow- heads of iron, found near Salisbury. An important object was the "St. John's Head," of alabaster, English work of the fourteenth century, described by Mr. St. John Hope in Archceologia, 1892, in his paper on these curious devotional tablets, of which he enumerates \ twenty-seven examples as known at present. This example is a fine one. It went for £45. (The Salisbury Museum possesses another example presented by the late Mr. Nightingale, which is said to have been found near Salisbury, I and is figured in Arckceological Journal, 1855, vol. xii., 184) But perhaps the most remarkable things in the whole collection were the ! two pairs of fire-dogs, which many of our Members must remember seeing in the hall at Lake House. They are of brass, covered with blue-and-white \ enamel, English work of the time, probably, of Elizabetl^ or James I. Such enamelled work is rare, and these are specially fine examples of it. The larger pair, measuring 19in. in height, went for £86 ; the smaller, M^in. high, for £50 ; both being bought by Mr. Harding. The whole sale, which included some china and glass, realised £502 6s. Opexixg of a Barrow at Popple Church, near Aldbotjrxe. This barrow, which is situated in a ploughed field close to the Ermine Way — which is very perfect at this spot — is about two hundred yards from the modern road from Shepherd's Rest to Aldbourne, opposite the junction ; with the Bay don Road. It is bowl-shaped, much spread by ploughing, and is now 80ft. in diameter and 3ft. 6in. high. Excavation was commenced in April, 1895, in the centre, and at 1ft. numerous flint-flakes were passed through, together with fragments of burnt sarsen, also a piece of ornamented pottery, I probably part of a drinking-cup. At 2ft. layers of light brown earth were ex- posed, about Jin- thick, sharply defined against the darker soil of the barrow. In ; this were found three small flint scrapers, a piece of stag's horn, and a quantity ;| of flakes. At 3ft. charcoal and wood ashes denoted that an interment was near, and at 3ft. Gin. a heap of burnt bones was uncovered, placed on the \ floor of the barrow, and not in a cist. The chalk underneath was rammed down hard and smooth. Just above the bones was a knife-dagger of bronze, . the point of which is missing, and was broken off, apparently before it was placed in the barrow. It is rather over 4in. long, and l^in. wide at the i6th Century Spur found at Malmesbury Abbey. Scale J. Notes, Archaeological and Historical. 263 handle end, and still retains the three rivets which fastened it to the handle, the shape of which could be distinctly seen. By the side of this was a finely- worked flint arrow-head, of an uncommon hollow-based type, || of an inch long and the same in width. The barrow stands in a field the surface of which is strewn with sherds of Roman pottery. The farm labourers have a tradition that a Church and a large town once existed on the spot. A. D. Passmoeb. British Skeleton at Swindon. In August, 1894, some men, whilst cutting a road through a field called the " Butts," near the Midland Railway bridge, came upon a skeleton lying on its side, about 3ft. 6in. deep. The hands were covering the face, and the knees drawn up towards the chin. The head pointed to the south-east. I carefully examined the ground around the interment, and found several flint flakes. From the position of the skeleton there can be no doubt that this is a prehistoric burial. The skull has been pronounced by Professor Stuart to be of the dolichocephalic type common in the Long Barrow Period. This spot is not very far from the stone monument which once stood at Broom Farm. In the top of the skull there is a small hole bored through about large enough to admit a piece of string. I can only account for this by the custom prevalent amongst some American Indians of boring the skull to admit the departed spirit when paying visits to its former abode. A. D. Passmobe. Roman Key from Oldbury Castle. The iron key here illustrated has lately been given to the Museum by Mr. H. N. Godclard. It was found many years ago by flint-diggers on Oldbury Castle. It is 4in. long, the stem being "piped" as in the case of modern keys. The plate projects lin. from the stem, and has two slits for two straight wards, with four long teeth set at right angles to the plate to raise the tumblers of the lock. The handle is flat at the end, fin. wide, and has a large hole at the end for suspension. Very similar iron keys may be seen amongst the Silchester finds in the Reading Museum, and others in bronze in the British Museum. . E. H. GoDDAED. A Mediaeval (Norman) Kiln and Pottery at Wootton Bassett. In the Magazine issued November, 1802 (vol. xxvi., p. 416), Mr. T. W. Leslie reported the opening of two barrows near Wootton Bassett, one in a field called " Woolleys," at Knighton, the other at Brynard's Hill. No interment was found in either, though the presence of ashes and charred wood 264 Notes, Archaeological and Historical, seemed to point to cremation. The whole of the pottery found in both mounds is of the same character, and it exactly agrees also with that found around the remains of a kiln at Hunt's Mill. Since Mr. Leslie's notes were written specimens from all these three localities have been submitted to Gen. Pitt-Rivers for examination, and by him pronounced to be certainly Norman, and not Eomano-British, as had been supposed. This goes to prove that the mounds in question were not sepulchral " barrows " at all — a belief strengthened by the fact that Mr. E. C. Trepplin has lately discovered documentary evidence of a windmill having once stood somewhere close to the site of the Knighton " barrow." Both these mounds occupy sites favourable for windmills, and it is most probable that they were originally thrown up for this purpose. The pottery is a coarse ware, mostly unglazed, but with here and there pieces with the greenish yellow glaze recognised as characteristic of Norman pottery. It is grey in the inside, and either blackish grey, fawn-coloured, or reddish brown on the outside. It is made of clay with a quantity of oolitic grains in it, and is burnt harder than British pottery generally is. It includes, too, a considerable number of fragments of large handles of vessels, ornamented with coarse herring-bone and transverse lines cut deeply into the clay. Similar fragments, amongst which these handles also occur, have been found in the vicarage garden and paddock at Clyffe Pypard, and at Hilmarton. Possibly it may all have been made at the Hunt's Mill kiln. This was discovered two or three years ago, in a quarry opened in the coral rag, for road material, close to Hunt's Mill Farm, the spot being alongside the Wootton Bassett and Lyneham Road, and within a very short distance of the turning to Greenhill and Bushton. It consisted of a round shaft about 10ft. in diameter, excavated in the rock, the sides of which were much charred by fire. It has since been destroyed. Mr. W. F. Parsons, of Hunt's Mill Farm, writes : — " The first idea I had that the pottery was made here was when we opened the quarry in 1853 and found a lot of charred stones and the bed of clay underneath the stone similar to that of which a quantity of panshards were made which had been lying about on the side of the hill ever since I could remember. At one time I had collected nearly forty different patterns of rims of vessels, many of which must have been large." Specimens of this pottery from the kiln and the two mounds have been placed in the Society's Museum. E. H. Goddaed. Aldbottrne Token. Mr. A. D. Passmore, of Swindon, has a specimen of a scarce token, found in that neighbourhood, which reads as follows : — FRANCIS STRONG = HIS HALFE PENY. OF AWBORNE. 1669 = A flower between the initials F.S. The G at the end of Strong has apparently been injured in the die, and has somewhat the appearance of an e, which doubtless accounts for the fact that Dr. Williamson, in his edition of Boyne's Tokens, gives an Aldbourne token as reading pbancis stbone. Probably this is the same token as the one mentioned JSTotes, Archaeological and Historical. 265 above, iu which case strone should be read strong, 1660 should be 1669, and the k' tree " should be more correctly described as a flower. See Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxvi., p. 394 This token is stated by Williamson to be also claimed by Lincolnshire, but there can be little doubt that it really belongs to the Wiltshire Awborne, or Aldbourne. E. H. Goddabd. Spurs found at Malmesbury Abbey. The pair of spurs, of which an illustration is here given, from a drawing by Mr. T. Leslie, were found in 1891, during some alterations at the Bell Inn, which stands close to the west end of Malmesbury Abbey. The house apparently still retains walls which must have formed part of the abbey buildings, and in digging for foundations a number of stone coffins were discovered, some of which were removed. On the lid of one of these, which was left undisturbed, was a small square stone box, containing these spurs. They are of a peculiar jointed type, and are apparently of sixteenth century — probably late sixteenth century — date. They have been submitted to the authorities of the British Museum, which possesses no specimen quite like them. They remain in the possession of Mr. J. Moore, of the Bell Inn. The supposition that suggests itself is of course that they belonged to the person buried in the stone coffin on the lid of which they were found ; but the difficulty is to understand how such a burial could have taken place in that position in the last half of the sixteenth century. Have any similar finds of spurs ever been recorded ? E. C. Teepplin. A Curious Wiltshire Pamphlet. The pamphlet from which an extract is given below was written by John Watts, gardener to the Eev. John Knight, of Heytesbury. It is so singular a production that it seems worthy of mention here. "Self Help." The Atttobiogbaphy of Me. John Watts, of Heytesbuey, Pbofessob of Gardening and Education. Price 6d. 1860. [Printed by Palmer, of Warminster.] 7 pp. The following is a specimen of its style : — " daved Rose from a shepherd boy to a king and I rose from a shepherd boy to garddener. I head now eduction and if I make eney stake you must Exquese me. I do not now Eney thing bout grammer, I now more bout my granfather. My granfather wher very claver man. He meade villen (sic) out of old tailbord. I have herd pepel seay the did reember befre the wher born — the did rember hering the kees rattle in ther mothers pocket. I can not rember so long is theat, I can rember hering my mother seay that I was such a monster the coud Put me in to teapot. I never walk for 3 years, I walk at last From a goosbery tree to goosbery tree to fiend wich was the best, and was black one." G. E. Dartnell. VOL. XXVIII. NO. LXXXIV. V 266 ii ! % personal Jtotkes of Milte|twme«. Charles Thomas Mayo, died September 12th, 1895, aged 61. Buried ai> Corsham. Mr. Mayo died whilst away from home in Switzerland. As resident in Corsham for the last twenty-five years he has taken a leading part in all local matters. In politics he was a strong Liberal, and an earnes advocate of temperance. He had represented Corsham on the County j Council since 1888, and was an active member of most of the parochial an< local institutions and committees. So completely bad he identified himsel with the life of the place that his death will be felt as a severe loss throughou the district. Obituary notice in Devizes Gazette, September 19th, 1895. Eev. Herbert Frederick Crockett, died September 3rd, 1895, aged 67 Educated at Rugby and Trinity College, Oxon. B.A., 1851. Curate o: Llandenny, Monmouthshire, 1852—54 ; Codford St. Mary, 1854—62 ; Map; powder, 1862—64 ; and Poulshot, 1864-1874; Kector of Upton Lovell, l&l till his death. During his incumbency the Church was well restored at s | cost of £700. He was much esteemed in the parish and neighbourhood Obituary notices in Salisbury Journal ; Guardian, September 11th j Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, October, 1895. James Dommett Bishop. Born July 19th, 1813, at Broken Cross, nea.J Calne. Died June 27th, 1895, aged 82. Buried at Trinity Churchyard! Calne. Well known as a doctor in Calne from 1862, when he gave up |l London practice to return to his native town. A Liberal in politics and if Nonconformist. He took a leading part in all local and municipal matters*? having been town councillor and alderman for thirty-four years, four time mayor, and chairman of the local board for twenty }rears. Under a somewhau brusque manner he carried a singularly kind heart, as many of his poore: patients had good cause to know. His death will be felt as a great loss ir Calne. Notices in Devizes Gazette, June 27th, and July 4th, 1895. J ohn Gray Attwater. Died August 5th, 1895, aged 69. Born at Nuntoni 1826, buried at Britford. He held a prominent position as an agriculturist more especially as a breeder of Shorthorns and cart horses, and as a judge oi cattle and sheep at agricultural shows. Amongst the tenant farmers oi Wilts few were more widely known and respected ; and in Britford, when he had occupied the Bridge Farm since 1865, and had acted as church warder for many years, his loss is very deeply felt as that of a man of strong character, strict integrity, and unassuming piety of life. Obituary notices in Wilts County Mirror, August 9th ; Salisbury Journal, August 10th ; Mark Lane Express ; and Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, September, 1895 James Brown. Died September 3rd, 1895, aged 69, from the effects of an accident. Much respected in Salisbury, and regretted by many throughout the County of Wilts, as a keen and competent archaeologist of singularly Personal Notices of Wiltshiremen. 267 modest and unassuming character. He Lad formed a considerable collection of flint implements, many of which he gave to the Blackmore Museum at Salisbury ; and also of the weapons of existing savage races. Obituary notice Wilts County Mirror, September 3rd, 1895. Eev. Edward Everett. Died May 25th, 1895. Sixth son of Joseph Hague Everett, of Biddesden, Wilts, formerly M.P. for Ludgershall. Educated at Rugby and St. John's College, Cambridge. B.A. 1839. Curate of Badby, Northumberland, 1841—1847; Wilsford, Wilts, 1847—1857; Rector of Manningford Abbotts, 1857—1895. Buried at Manningford Abbotts. During his incumbency he re-built the chancel himself in 1862, and raised funds by which the whole Church was almost re-built in 1863. Obituary notice in Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, July, 1895. Alexander Mackay, J. P. Second son of Mr. Donald Mackay, of Breamore, Caithness, where he was born February 4th, 1838. Married Lucy, second daughter of Mr. W. H. Tucker, of Erome, 1864. Died September 30th, 1895. Mr. Mackay came to Trowbridge from Scotland in 1861 to occupy a position in Ashton Cloth Mills, then beloDging to Messrs. Brown & Palmer. On the retirement of Mr.— afterwards Sir— Roger Brown and the death of Mr. Michael Palmer, Mr. Mackay became the partner of Mr. G. L. Palmer, and eventually the whole business came into his hands. He for some years occupied Holt Manor, but about a year ago removed to The Grange, Trowbridge. To the end Mr. Mackay himself superintended every detail of the great business which employs seven hundred hands in Trowbridge, but, in spite of the exacting claims of his work, he found time to take a leading part in almost every organisation haviDg for its object the religious or social welfare of the diocese and the county. He was emphatically not a man of leisure, yet he found leisure to do what the majority of leisured men "have not time for." As a devoted churchman his personal service, as well as ample income, could always be counted upon in any need of the Church, and his place will be hard indeed to fill in Wiltshire. In the wider field of general charity, what he did was only known to himself. His name was proverbial for generosity ; and not only his own numerous employes, but the whole town and district of Trowbridge, have felt his death as a loss that is irreparable— the loss of a true friend of rich and poor alike. He was much interested in archaeological matters ; acted as the Local Secretary of our own Society at Trowbridge, and had formed a choice library of Wiltshire books, which included Sir R. Colt Hoare's own copy of Modern Wilts. In artistic matters, too, his taste was excellent, and his collection of articles of silver plate included many valuable specimens. Notice, with good process portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Mackay, in " The Celtic Monthly," October, 1894. Obituary notices in Devizes Gazette, October 3rd. 1895 ; Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, November, 1895. Eev. Edward Duke, of Lake House, J.P., F.G.S. Eldest son of Rev. Edward Duke, the antiquary, and his wife, Harriet, daughter of Henry Hinxmau, of Ivy Church. Born at Ivy Church, December 6th, 1814. Educated at Southampton and Exeter College, Oxford. B.A.,1836; M.A., 1858. Curate of St. Edmund's, Salisbury, 1839—1849 ; Wilsford, with Lake, 1872-1882. u 2 2liS Personal Notices of Wiltshhrmvn. Vicar of Wilsford, with Lake, 1882-1893. Married, 1860, Jane Mervyn, daughter of Sir W. Medlycott, Bart., of Ven, Somerset. Died October 11th, 1895, leaving four sons and five daughters. Buried at Wilsford. He was keenly interested in archaeology and geology, and in 1881 published "Beneath the Surface: or Physical Truths, especially Geological, shown to be latent in many parts of the Holy Scriptures." 8vo. 4s. 6d. Hatchards. He was well known and much respected in the neighbourhood of Salisbury. Obituary notices in Salisbury Journal, October 19th, 1895 ; Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, November, 1895. Alfred "Waller, born at Calne, 1823 ; died at Devizes, November 18th, 1895. Was probably the last of the old stage coach drivers. He drove " The Regulator " through Calne and Newbury until it ceased to run, then for a time drove the coach between Calne and Chippenham, and in later years the coaches run by Mr. Fuller and Capt. Spicer. Obituary notice, Devizes Gazette, November 21st, 1895. Portraits (photo process) of the following have appeared recently: — The Marquis of Laiisdowne. Illustrated London News, July 13th ; 1 New Budget, July 4th, 1895. Sir Michael Hicks-Beach, M.P. Illustrated London News, July 13th ; New Budget, July 4th ; Penny Illustrated Paper, September 7th, 1895 ; The New House of Commons, 1885. W. H. Long, M.P. Illustrated London News, July 13th, 1895. j Portrait and sketch of his career in " The Country House'1'' (Magazine), October, 1895 ; The New House of Commons, 1895. Capt. Ohaloner, M.P. Illustrated London News, August 10th, 1895 ; j The New House of Commons, 1895. E. A. GrOlllding, M.P. Illustrated London News, August 10th, 1895. Lord Methuen. Windsor Magazine, April, 1895 (article on " Swords of Modern Warriors "). * Miss Elspeth Philipps, daughter of Canon Sir J. E. Philipps, Vicar of Warminster, 1st Class Mod. Hist., Oxford. The Lady. August 22nd, 1895 . Marchioness of Worcester (Baroness Carlo de Tuyll). The Lady, October 10th, 1895. Capt. James Mackay, F.S.A., 1st Wilts Volunteers. Good portraits and notice in The Celtic Monthly, August, 1894. Visconnt Folkestone, M.P. The New House of Commons, 1895. Alfred Hopkinson, M.P. The New House of Commons, 1895. 269 ! Stonehenge and its Earthworks, with Plans and Illustrations by Edgar Barclay, E.P.E. Cr. 4to. London, 1895. Price to subscribers, : 10s. 6d. Of books dealing with the problem of Stonehenge there is no end. The author of the newest " Bolt shot at Stonage " says in his preface that his « " book undertakes to give a sufficing account of Stonehenge, and to be as well a book of reference to the literature of the subject which, excepting small handbooks, is inaccessible to the general public." The author is an artist of no meau capacity, and he gives us many very charming views of Harvest at Stonehenge, Amesbury Church, and go on, reproduced from pictures of his ownj which, if they do not directly illustrate the subject in hand, at least help to embellish a book which, lavishly illustrated as it is with plans, diagrams, and reproductions of old engravings * and modern drawings, has on the face of it, > with its excellent paper and print, and sumptuous margins, a very prepossessing appearance. But the author is also a mathematician, and the fascination of figures is upon him, and by an extremely elaborate series of measurements and calculations he proceeds to build up, step by step, an argument which, to his own satisfaction, not only accounts for the position of every stone in the , structure, but fixes the date of its construction within very narrow limits. In i his view every portion of the structure is symbolical, and the key to its solution ; is found in the fact that the whole of the salient measurements of every part of it, sarsen and blue stone alike, are deducible from the proportions of a base j triangle, which are themselves due to an observation of the sun. The agreement ! of every portion more or less nearly in these measurements proves, in his view, that the whole was erected at the same time. The horseshoe is the crescent of the moon, and the circle the disc of the full moon. The thirty piers of the outer circle are the thirty days of the lunar month. The shadow of the sun stone pointing at the summer solstice between the horns of the horseshoe or : crescent typifies the marriage of the earth with the sun. The blue stone circle, — which he holds is nearly complete as it stands — typifies by its pairs of stones the planetary deities with whose memory the seven days of the week are i connected, and thus fixes the date of their erection as later than the conquest of Egypt by Rome, because the week of seven days was only then introduced into Western Europe. Again, starting from the assumption that the opening of the central trilithon, towards which the sun points over the Friar's Heel, or "Sun Stone," at Midsummer, argues the existence of a great Midsummer festival, he satisfies himself that the other four trilithons also point to great festivals and settles their dates on the 1st of May, the end of August, the end * An interesting copy is given of a drawing from a MS. in the British Museum, proving that the fall of the fifth trilithon took place before 1574. 270 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. of October, and the beginning of March. The reason why the building stands where it does he finds explained by certain measurements taken from the neighbouring barrow, "No. 23." This he concludes is the burying-place of some family connected with the erection of the temple, and from it both the temple and the " cursus " were laid out. The barrows he concludes were I already on the ground before the stones were erected. In consequence of their presence the large number of strangers who assembled at the great festivals, and who could not have been accommodated in the neighbouring British villages, were prevented from camping out on the down, so a " Fair Field," or r camping ground, was specially prepared for their accommodation and enclosed within earthen banks. This is now known as "the Cursus." Stukeley | mentions that even in his time the eastern bank was much defaced and trampled ( down — doubtless, says Mr. Barclay — by the horses of the strangers encamped in the cursus, who would go out on that side to the river to water. Again, | adopting Stukeley's idea that the "avenues" were the roads by which processions approached the temple, he argues that the functionaries who j officiated at these festivals could not have lived in such a desolate spot, and suggests that Vespasian's Camp may have been the ancient high place and holy place of the Britons of those parts, where they resided, and from which they set out in procession by the " long avenue," to be joined as soon as they ,1 came in sight by the strangers encamped in the " cursus " adjoining, aloDg I their own " cursus avenue." One of the principal points upon which he insists j is that the short pier of the outer circle — No. 11 — was intentionally different (j from the other piers, and that it never had, or was intended to have, any lintel , upon it — in fact that it marks a break in the lintel circle, and was probably the | entrance to the temple. This, he points out, cuts away the ground upon which I the astronomical theories of Higgins and others are based, for their arguments «|j are founded on the assumption that the outer circle consisted originally of sixty j stones, whereas if No. 11 had no lintel there would have been only fifty-eight 1 stones. Indeed, throughout the book he has a very keen eye for the weak f| points in the theories of previous writers— particularly in those which, like his ? own, are based on elaborate mathematical calculations — but the weak points in \\\ his own argument do not appear to strike him so forcibly. j He devotes a considerable amount of space to the description of the attributes i of the chief Celtic gods mentioned by Julius Csesar as identical with analogous Eoman deities, and then sets to work to connect each of them with an appro- priate season of the year— Spring, May Day, Midsummer, Harvest, and November. Having done this, he collects a number of references to May Day customs, Midsummer fires, &c, and concludes that this mass of ingeniously assorted evidence proves that the five trilithons were specially consecrated to the five gods whose festivals he maintains were held at these five special seasons, in the temple at Stonehenge. The author has evidently devoted an immense amount of time and labour to the personal investigation and measurement of Stonehenge itself, and to the literature of the subject, of which he gives a useful summary in chrono- logical order ; but on one point at least he has not possessed himself of the latest information on the subject. He affirms that the " foreign stones " can have come from no part of Great Britain, and thinks Brittany the most likely Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 271 place of origin for them ; not being aware, apparently, of the important discoveries of Mr. Teall, lately printed in this Magazine, showing that all these rocks may well have come from North Devon. The general conclusion to which he comes is that the structure dates from the Eoman period, in ,fact that it is one of the temples which Agricola (A.D. 79) is said to have encouraged the Britons to build — and that the fact that Agricola himself had studied at Massilia accounts for the employment of a Greek unit of measurement in setting out the building. By a most ingenious turning inside-out of the traditional story of Ambrosius and Merlin he finds confirmation for his theory even in this — for he suggests that the truth of the story is that Ambrosius and Merlin set to work, not to build but to take down the already-existing structure, in order to transport the < stones to Ambresbury to make a monument for the British chiefs slain there — and that they did actually remove the five piers and twenty lintels which are now missing from the structure ! Altogether the argument, ingenious as it is, can hardly be said to be con- vincing, or to bring us much nearer to the solution of the Stonehenge problem. The weak point in the book is the almost total absence of references to the megalithic structures of other countries, such as India and Arabia I which are largely analogous in their nature. If the riddle of Stonehenge is ever to be solved, it will not be by even the closest examination of that structure alone, but rather by a wide and comparative study of those circles and remains which most nearly resemble it in all parts of the world. Favourable notices have appeared in The Antiquary, vol. xxxi., p. 319, ! Oct.; Notes and Queries, Aug. 31st; Salisbury Journal, Aug. 17th. \ The People's Stonehenge, with Illustrations, by J. J. Cole, F.E.A.S. John Doney, High Street, Sutton, Surrey. Pamphlet. Post 8vo. N.D. [1895]. Price 6d. pp. 16. This latest contribution to Stonehenge literature professes apparently (for ! it has no preface or introduction) simply to give an account of the structure as it is. It consists of ten process illustrations, from photographs, of the ' stones, and a couple of plans, with a few short explanatory notes to each. The author has his own ideas, and states them for the edification of " The : People" freely. They have the merit, at least, of being many of them original. The space between the vallum and the outer circle was " probably once occupied by the dwellings for the serving priests ; as in ' the Close' round a Cathedral." The stones of the outer circle are "from i Marlborough Downs, conveyed chiefly on rafts by the Avon. Some stones on their way fell into the river." " The Offering or Slaughtering Stone I was not for the slaughter of human beings, but of animals for the sacrifice « and for the serving priests of the temple, for priests must live — around it is a trench to receive the blood and the water from washing the auimals. Across one corner is a row of holes to take the metal supports of the grating i for burning or roasting them." The holes in the blue stone impost are "two bowls for water," analogous to holy water stoups at the entrance of Christian Churches. " The two bowls at Stonehenge seem to imply a separation of sexes — we hope not." ! The groove in one of the blue stone 272 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. obelisks is for holding a flag-staff, to signal some special point in the service, analogous to the sounding of the sanctus bell at the elevation of the host. The illustrations — apparently reduced from larger photographs — are good; but it is to be regretted that such purely fanciful analogies should be presented as facts for the enlightenment of "the people " in the last decade of the nineteenth century. j Stonehenge and Abury are mentioned and illustrated in "The Story off Primitive Man," by Ed. Clodd. 16mo. London. 1895. Price, 1*. This extremely useful and suggestive little book contains in short space I and in very readable form a vast amount of information as to the remains f of primitive man, and the habits and customs of savage people who are living under conditions analogous to those of Neolithic times at the present ti day. The author regards Stonehenge as sepulchral in origin, — " recurring to the r unquestioned relation of the dwelling of the living to the tomb of the dead, I we may see in the surrounding earthwork the village rampart ; in the avenue ] .... the underground gallery leading to the pit-dwellings ; and in the circles the enlargement of the ring of stones which surrounded or supported the beehive-like hut." The author's views are the more entitled to respect in that he evidently writes from a mind stored with varied lore, and more especially is widely learned in the ideas and customs of primitive peoples of I the present day and in the survival of such customs amongst peoples who have j long passed into the civilised state. He is, however, rather apt to state as facts things which seem to most people still debateable, and without apology or explanation he uses the term " cromlech " as applying exclusively to stone circles— Stonehenge and Abury being cromlechs with him. This is, to say the least of it, confusing. Senams or Megalithic Temples of Tarhuna, Tripoli, is the subject of an extremely interesting note in The Antiquary for Nov., 1895, which copies from the East Anglian Daily Times for Sept. 14th. Mr. Cowper | seems to have visited and photographed nearly sixty sites at which these I singular structures exist, which were practically unknown before. They consist of large rectangular enclosures of excellent masonry, always associated { with and generally enclosing large megalithic structures resembling the Stonehenge trilithons, except that the jambs are often formed of two or three stones instead of one. These " Senams " rest on footing stones, and vary from 6ft. to 15ft. in height — the average width between the jambs being only 16|in. Roman work is mixed up with these megalithic structures, showing that the Romans occupied and utilised the sites. It is suggested that these " Senams," which seem to have stood free in their enclosures as a rule, and in front of some of which stone altars were found, were symbolical effigies akin to the " Asherah " so often alluded to in the Old Testament— probably the symbol of the goddess of fertility. Thoughts from the Writings of Eichard Jefferies, selected by H. S. EE. Waylen. Red-lettering. 16mo. pp. vii., 127. London : Longmans, 1 Green, & Co. 1895. This daintily got-up little volume will be welcomed by all lovers of Jefferies. Wiltshire Boohs, Pamphlets, and Articles. 273 Type, paper, and binding alike reflect high credit upon the publishers, while the compiler's share of the work is no less well done. The selections are en- tirely from the Story of My Heart and the five or six other volumes which are comprised in the " Life of the Fields " cycle, nothing published earlier than 1S83 being included. They are, however, made with much judgment, and form a fairly representative anthology, as the earlier works are in a style which would afford few passages suitable for such a collection of " Thoughts " as this. The book has been favourably noticed in Saturday Review, 3rd Aug. ; Notes and Queries, 21st Sept., 1895 ; and other papers. The Old Manor-House, South Wraxall. Pamphlet. 8vo. Bath. 1893. Price 1*. (By Walter Chitty, F.S.Sc.) This is intended as a popular description of the house, with notes on the Longs of Wraxall and Dray cot, and a long notice of the present owner — Mr. W. H. Long, M.P. — is repriuted from the Country Gentleman. An election poem — " Ye Grande Political Songe " ; and " The Pedigree of Walter Hume Long, Esq., M.P., done in poetry " — twenty-eight stanzas of very indifferent doggrel— complete the pamphlet. The Duke of Edinburgh's Wiltshire Regiment. A little pamphlet giving an outline of the history of this distinguished regiment has been printed for H.M. Stationery Office by Messrs. Harrison & Sons. Its object is stated to be " to interest the inhabitants of this county in the corps which represents their share in the defence of the Empire." Report of the Marlborough College Natural History Society for the year ending Christmas, 1894. This report, though it contains nothing of very special interest, is a record of steady and excellent work in many branches of natural history done by the vigorous society of which it is the organ. The number of school members in the three terms with which it deals were, one hundred and seventy-one, two hundred and fifteen, and one hundred and sixty-nine respectively, in addition to thirty-one life members and forty-seven annual subscribers. The report of the botanical and entomological sections show that three hundred and sixty-seven species of flowers were found, including grasses, in 1894, and the list of local lepidoptera has now reached a total of one thousand and twenty-three species. This excellent entomological work, carried on under Mr. Meyrick's guidance, is the more important inasmuch as it is the only work of the kind of any importance that is being done at the present time in the county. A series of careful meteorological observations, together with the authropo- metrical report of the height, weight, chest measurement, and drawing power of the members of the school are carefully tabulated. Perhaps the most in- teresting part of the report is the " Handbook to the Museum " — not a catalogue, but a really useful, short, pithy, accurate, and yet quite intelligible and readable compendium of natural history, by way of an introduction to the study of the excellent museum, a process plate of which forms the frontispiece. 274 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. Wiltshire Notes and Queries, No. 10, June, 1895. The number opens with a note on "an old mill at Purton," with a sketch of Newman's Mill, formerly the Ridgeway Mill, which the writer argues is the original Purton Mill, though no part of the present building is older than Elizabeth's time. The calendar of Wilts wills, and the extracts from the Gentleman 's Magazine are continued. A note by Mr. A. Schomberg on members of the Blake family, with a sketch of arms formerly on a hatchment in Seend Church, follows.- — Notes on the Life of William Fry, of Ashgrove, near Tollard Royal, a Quaker born 1622, who it seems w&snot related to Mrs. Elizabeth Fry, the philanthropist, as asserted in Modern Wilis. Queen Elizabeth's progress in Wilts and Gloucestershire in 1592, when she visited Ramsbury, Burderop, and Lydiard Tregoze, and the town of " Cisseter " gave her a " fayre cuppe of double gilte worth xx £ "——with a few shorter notes, queries, and answers, complete the number. Ditto, No. 11, Sept., 1895. This number is embellished with two good plates, from pen-and-ink drawings, of an old cottage at Purton and the Manor-house at Biddeston. Mr. Elyard continues his " Annals of Purton," tracing the subdivision of the original lay manor of the " de Periton " family into a number of smaller estates — among the co-heirs— each of which was regarded as a separate manor. " Wiltshire Wills " and " Extracts from the Gentleman's Magazine" are continued ; and under the heading of " Records of Wiltshire Parishes " a very useful abstract of the chief ancient MS. authorities for the history of the Parish of Cholderton is given. An account at some length of the meeting of the Wilts Archaeo- logical Society at Corsham, and an article on " Sherrington," comparing it with Bethlehem and giving as little information about the place as may be in five pages, follow ; and the number ends with a number of queries and replies, of which, perhaps, the most interesting is the evidence for the identification of Addison's Sir Roger de Coverley with Richard Duke, of Lake House. The Corporation Plate and Insignia of Office of the Cities and Towns of England and Wales, by the late Llewellyn Jewitt, F.S.A., edited and completed with large additions, by "W. H. St. John Hope, M.A. Bemrose & Sons. London. 1895. Two vols., cr. 4to. Price three guineas. This book, which is really of national importance, treats of a class of objects of which, up to the present time there has been no means of gaining any accurate information — except in a few cases from papers here and there in archaeological periodicals. Its aim is to describe fully every object of any interest belonging to the corporations of the kingdom, and Mr. Hope's name is a guarantee of accuracy and completeness, so far as they are possible in dealing with such a vast amount of material. The illustrations are numerous, but, as is perhaps inevitable, of unequal merit, and the paper is hardly so good as one would willingly have seen it in so monumental a book. So far as Wiltshire is concerned almost the whole of the matter, and all the illustrations, have already appeared in this Magazine, in the paper by the Rev. E. H. Goddard on the "Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wilts," vol. xxviii., p. 28. Wiltshire Boohs, Pamphlets, and Articles. 275 Salisbury Cathedral. A Sacred Poem by a Salisbury Curate [Kev. S. J. Buchanan]. Cr. 8vo. Salisbury. 1895. This is a pamphlet of 14pp. of verse in praise of the Cathedral and its spire as a witness and monument of the Christian faith. Sermon preached in the Parish Church at Britford — on the occasion of the death of John Gray Attwater — by the Eev. A. P. Morres. A cr. 8vo pamphlet of 14 pp. Salisbury. 1895. The Wilts Visitation of 1565 is continued in the July number of The Genealogist from Bulkeley of Whiteparish, to Eyre of New Sarum. Downton. Notes on the First Parish Register Book, by Pev. J. K. Floyer. Salisbury Journal, Aug. 10th, 1895. The register books begin in 1599, and contain some interesting entries of the Raleigh family, of the deaths from the plague, &c. The writer does not confine himself to the register, however, but discourses on divers other points where the history of Downton in any way touches the general history of the times in the seventeenth century. Alderbury. The Green Dragon Inn. Blaclc and White, Aug. 17th, 1895, has a short article on " Dickens' Blue Dragon," with three illustrations — " Present Aspect of the Blue Dragon," "Mantelpiece in the Inn," and " St. Mary's Grange, where Dickens lived." Dickens, in the last, is evidently a misprint for Pecksniff. Sons of Fire. A story by Miss Braddon now running in the "Wiltshire County Mirror has its scene laid at " Matcham lying in a hollow of the hills between Salisbury and Andover," but its "local colouring" is of the very faintest. Interviews with the Immortals, or Dickens up to Date, by Ananias Greene [J. L. Veitch]. Salisbury and London. 1895. Price Is. Noticed in Salisbury Journal, July 13th, 1895. A somewhat elaborate political squib, in which several of Dickens' characters express their opinion on the politics of the present day. It is written from the Unionist point of view. A Toy Tragedy, by Mrs. H. de la Pasture (of Malmesbury), has been pro- duced in raised letters for the blind in " Play -time," issued by the British and Foreign Blind Association. Bromham Church, Wilts, and Thomas Moore. A short descriptive notice in Church Bells, Sept. 27th, 1895, with a photo-process south-east view of the Church and a woodcut portrait of Thomas Moore. The Guardian of Stonehenge. A short paper of a couple of pages in the English Illustrated Magazine, Nov., 1895, by Alice Williamson, describing an interview with Mr. Judd, the attendant at Stonehenge, with a good full- page process view of the stones. The Golf Links on Salisbury Pace Plain are described, with four sketches, in the Daily Graphic, Oct., 1895. Wiltshire Boohs, Pamphlets, and Articles. " The Shepherd's Care on Salisbury Plain : the Lambing Pen " ;j by Gideon Fidler, illustrated by the Author. In Good Words fori Nov., 1895, pp. 741—747. Illustrations —"Wind and Sun on Salisbury* Plain " (full-page), and, in the text, " Going to the Dew-pond," "At the Dew-, pond," " Hay time," " Beginning to pick for themselves," "Method of fastening, a dead lamb's skin to a live one," The letterpress is a practical account of a shepherd's work on the Plain, and the drawings of sheep are really true to life,? though it is hard to agree with the author when he speaks of the " Hampshire; Down " as " this most beautiful breed of sheep." Seymours of "Wolf hall. In the October No. of the Genealogist (vol. xii., \ pt. 2, New Series), Mr. Vincent has an interesting article on " A Bristol ancestor of the Dukes of Somerset." His name was Mark William, not? Mac Williams, a merchant and burgess of Bristol, and sometime mayor; hisii daughter Isabel married Sir John Seymour in 1424, and survived her husband many years ; in 1455 she took a vow of perpetual chastity in the collegiate Church of Westbury-on-Trym, dying in 1485 ; her heir was found to be her grandson, John Seymour, of Wolfhall, who at the time of her death was aged 1 34 ; his father and mother both pre-deceased his grandmother, the father, Johni Seymour, of Wolfhall, dying 29th September, 1463, the mother, Elizabeth,' 19th April, 1472. She was possessed in fee of divers messuages, cottages, and gardens in the town and suburbs of Bristol, and held in dower, or by joint- feoffment with her late husband, various lands in Cos. Southampton, Wilts, Hereford, and Somerset. (I.P.M. 19 Edw. IV., No. 38.) The "Wilts Visitation, 1565, from Ferris of Ashton Keynes, to Long of j Ashley, in Box, is continued in the same number of the Genealogist. Sharington, of Laeoek. In the same number is a pedigree of Stapilton, of I Wighill, giving the marriage of Sir Robert with Olive, daughter and coheiress of Sir Henry Sharington, of Lacock, one of whose sons (Robert) was presented 1 to the Rectory of Lacock by his mother in 1616 ; her daughter, Ursula (bap- tised at Chelsea 10th July, 1587), married Sir Robert Baynard, of Lackham. \ Fiddington House Asylum, Market Lavington. A short notice of I this establishment, founded in 1816, occurs in Devizes Gazette, Nov. 14th, 1895. The Saxon Saucer-shaped Fibulae found at Basset Down, which have been already described in this Magazine, are the subject of a note by the Rev. E. H. Goddard in The Antiquary, Nov., 1895. Pewhill House, near Chippenham. The design, by Mr. T. B. Silcocks, for Miss Dixon's house, which was exhibited at the Royal Academy this year, is reproduced in the Building Neios, November. "Wardour Castle. Photo-process view in Illustrated London News, Nov 9th, 1895. '277 THE MUSEUM. Presented by Me. T. Leslie : Specimens of Norman pottery, from Wootton Bassett. „ Rev. C. Y. Goddard : Specimens of local Roman pottery, from Dorchester — for comparison. „ Eev. E. C. Awdry : Ancient key, horseshoe, and halberd-head, found at Kington St. Michael. „ Mr. Ballard : Three coins. „ Mr. C. W. Cunnington : Fragments of pottery (Romano- British ?), from dwelling-pit on Oldbury Hill. This pottery is unlike anything else in the museum. It is coloured red on the outside with some pigment (?), and the ornament is roughly scratched through the red colouring. Also a flint pebble which has been used as a hammer or strike-a-light, from the same dwelling-pit. „ Mrs. Brown : Lark glass. This object being placed on a stick in a field is made to revolve on a sunny day by means of strings pulled from a distance ; the larks are attracted by the flashing of the mirrors, hover round it, and are shot. Purchased : Five plain armlets of square and rounded bronze, found near Lake — from Mr. Duke's collection. „ Flat bronze armlet, the outer surface deeply channelled — from Mr. Duke's collection. (It has been much cleaned and repaired.) Found near Lake. {Cf. Evans' Bronze Implements, p. 385.) „ A collection of Palaeolithic flint implements from the river gravels of Salisbury, collected by the late Mr. C. J. Read. THE LIBRARY. Presented by Lord Arundel of Wardour : the Early Genealogical History of the House of Arundel, &c, by F. P. Yeatman. „ The Author : The Old Manor-house at South Wraxall, by W. Chitty. „ Mr. W. Cunnington, F.G.S. : MS. List of the Heytesbury Collection of Wiltshire Antiquities, belonging to Mr. W. Cunnington, F.S.A. Address to Inhabitants of Wilts on French Invasion. Framed water-colour copy of a drawing of Devizes Market Place in 1804. Beneath the Surface, by E. Duke. Old newspapers, &c. 278 Additions to Museum and Library. Presented by Rev. Canon Bennett : Twelve Wiltshire pamphlets. „ Me. G. E. Daetnell : Five Wiltshire pamphlets, newspaper cuttings, and election literature. „ Rev. C. V. Goddaed : H. Browne's Illustrations of Stoneheng( and Abury. Six drawings of Wiltshire fonts. „ Me. H. N. Goddaed : Four Wiltshire prints. „ Rev. G. P. Toppin : Election literature. „ The Authoe : Stonehenge and its Earthworks, by Edgar Barclay, R.P.E. 1895. „ The Author : The People's Stonehenge, by J. J. Cole. 1895. „ Me. H. E. Medlicott : Election literature. „ Me. W. H. Bell : Election literature, &c. „ Me. J. Walcot : Works by Rev. J. Norris, of Bemerton : Practical Discourses.- Collection of Miscellanies. Practical Treatise concerning Humility. Two Treatises concerning the Divine Light. Life and Letters of Rev. John Harrington Evans. „ The Authoe : A Handbook of British Lepidoptera, by Edward Meyrick, F.Z.S., F.E.S. „ De. Watlen : Translation of Thucydides, by T. Hobbes, of Malmesbury. Purchased : A large collection of Wiltshire drawings and prints, from Messrs. Brown, of Salisbury. „ A number of Wilts Portraits, M.S. List of Place Names, &c, from the Library of the late Canon Jackson. HUEKY & PEARSON, Printers and Publishers, Devizes. REPORT OF THE SUB-COMMITTEE ON A PHOTOGRAPHIC SURVEY OF ENGLAND AND WALES. PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE CONGRESS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES IN UNION WITH THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES. 1805 CONGRESS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES, 1894. Report of the Sub-Committee on the Photographic Survey of England and Wales. The Sub-Committee has considered the subject referred to it by the Congress, as to the best method of promoting- a general Photographic Record of the Country on the lines adopted by the Society for the Photographic Survey of the County of Warwick. The Sub-Committee is of opinion that the establishment of such a general Photographic Record of all works of antiquity is of the highest importance, and that the Societies in Union should use their best efforts to establish, for their particular counties, associations on the basis of that so successfully initiated by the Warwickshire Society, and followed by the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. It may be expected that Societies organized on these lines, besides being of the greatest value to antiquaries, will be readily supported by the many interested in photography, who will be glad to feel that their efforts are incorporated and preserved for ever in what will eventually become a national collection. A more intelligent interest will be created in what is often at present a desultory and useless amusement, and the Archaeological Societies will doubtless be strengthened by the addition of many intelligent members. The following Regulations are suggested for adoption : — 1. That all photographs be as large as possible, whole plate being preferred, but in no case less than \ plate. 2. That they be printed in permanent process. 3. That while artistic effect is a valuable addition to a picture, it should not be achieved at the sacrifice of the work illustrated, but the point of view should be chosen to show as clearly as possible the details of the subject. This is especially important in the case of tombs, effigies, and various architectural details, where it will often be impossible to combine picturesque effect and valuable record. While, therefore, it will be necessary to keep up a certain standard of artistic skill, plates should be preferred which clearly show architectural or other facts that can only be adequately recorded by the deliberate sacrifice of picturesque effect. 4. That some arrangement should be made to supply a scale in all illustrations, since without this many are practically valueless. Particulars of size can be added in the accompanying description, but it is far better that an actual scale should be given by the inclusion in the picture of a graduated staff or a 3 ft. rod or walking stick, which may generally be unobtrusively introduced. In a series of photographs of Roman masonry now in preparation for the Society of Antiquaries a graduated scale,* marked clearly with English and French measures, is in all cases included. The scale must, of course, be placed in the same plane as the object to be photographed. The Congress most strongly recommends the adoption of the double scale, which will render the photographs of European value, and materially assist English scholars in the work of comparison. 5. That a description in all cases accompany the photo- graph, giving the size, general condition, and as many particulars as possible of the object illustrated. 6. That all particulars as to history, date, etc., be carefully edited by competent authorities, as otherwise much false and often ridiculous information may be spread and perpetuated. 7. That the copies of the photographs for the collection be mounted by the curator on stout cards, uniform with those of the Warwickshire Survey, and the descriptive particulars legibly written or printed on the back, and the title on the front. The plan adopted in Warwickshire of selecting a Hundred for the work of each year, and committing one square of the 6-inch Ordnance Map to individual or associated workers, provides for a systematic and exhaustive record that will be much more valuable than desultory or haphazard contributions. The jealousies that might arise in the selection of examples of prominent interest will also be avoided. Where a county is divided amongst several Photographic Societies, the number of localities to be illustrated can be increased accordingly. The following Rules are copied from those of the Warwickshire Survey Section of the Birmingham Photographic Society : " That the 6-inch Ordnance Map be adopted as the basis of the Survey. " That the work be conducted, as far as may be convenient, on the lines of the Hundreds. * Printed copies of this scale (Price 6d., post free, or 5s. per dozen), can be obtained on application to the Assistant-Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries, Burlington House, London, W. 5 " That in order to systematise the work it is desirable that members shall confine their work, as far as possible, to the Hundred selected I for the ensuing- year. " That each square of the Ordnance Map (containing-, roughly, six square miles) shall be considered a distinct field for work, and that any ! member may have allotted to him such square as he may select, unless | such square has been previously allotted." Another and perhaps better way, which has been adopted by the Guildford Society, is to divide the 6-inch Ordnance Map into distinct I blocks, with natural boundaries, and to furnish the members to whom i a block is allotted with a corresponding- plan cut from the 1-inch Ordnance Map, and mounted on card. To facilitate access to objects to be illustrated, cards of introduction should be provided, and issued to those who undertake work. It is l suggested that the cards be made to run for one year only, and be not ! re-issued except to those who are doing- satisfactory work. It is desirable that a Committee should prepare a schedule of the principal objects of which it is desired to obtain records, but such a list should not be regarded as in any way exhaustive, and may be supple- mented by individual observation. j The photographing of portraits, already begun by the Warwickshire Society, is also of great value where it can be effected. Besides objects of archaeological interest, photographs should be welcomed that give types of natives and groups of school children. ! These will be of the highest value to ethnological students. The | ethnological photographs should, if possible, be taken in accordance with the directions laid down by Mr. Francis Galton. These may be obtained from the British Association, at Burlington House. Photographs of objects of natural history, and of landscapes or a geological features, should be encouraged and accepted, as they may be ultimately gathered into a separate collection. Many of the County Societies are for the study of natural history as well as of archaeology, and where this is not the case proper j custodians can eventually be found for the various collections. It is desirable, to avoid risk of loss by fire, that at least three sets of Prints should be preserved by way of record : one by the County Society; a second by the British Museum; and a third, of archaeological • plates, by the Society of Antiquaries. The third prints from those plates which illustrate science might be deposited with the societies representing the various subjects, such as the Anthropological Institute or the Geological and Linnaean Societies. 6 It is thought that, pending- the general adoption of County Museums, the various County Archaeological Societies would be the best custodians of the collections ; but it will probably be more acceptable to those who photograph that it should be clearly understood that the custody is temporary and may be withdrawn at any time. It will constantly be the case that photographs of a neigh- bourhood will be taken by strangers, but it is thought that the general adoption throughout England of such a scheme as that proposed will be sufficiently widely known to induce such photographers to com- municate their work to the various centres, although they may not be personally interested in such centres. The Sub-Committee suggests that the various Archaeological Societies should take the initiative in founding local associations for the preparation of the Photographic Record. These associations should have their own executive, and the County Society should suggest the names of certain competent archae- ologists to serve on the councils. Where Photographic Societies already exist, efforts should be directed to bringing these into union and supplying the necessary information. Sir J. B. Stone, who had so much to do with initiating the Birmingham scheme, strongly urges that a national society should be formed for the purpose of promoting the Photographic Record, and the Committee are of opinion that a strong central body would be of the greatest service, and they recommend the Congress to do their best to assist such a scheme, should it be put forward under good auspices. The Sub-Committee wishes to point out that it is not necessary and, perhaps, not altogether desirable, that the County Archaeological Societies should add to their work, already arduous enough, this of the Photographic Record. It will be sufficient that they should promote local Photographic Societies, form a medium of union, and supply skilled advice on the subject of archaeology. RALPH NEVILL, GEORGE E. FOX, W. H. ST, JOHN HOPE. HARRISON AND SONS, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HER MAJESTY, ST. MARTIN S LANF. I wns of Schedule prepared by a Committee of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, appointed to Organise an Ethno- graphical Survey of the United Kingdom. Members op the Committee. Francis Galton, F.R.S., J. G. Garson, M.D., and E. W. Brabrook, l|3.A. (Chairman), representing the Anthropological Institute. Edward Clodd, G. L. Gomme, F.S.A,, and Joseph Jacobs, M.A., re- j isenting the Folklore Society. G. W. G. Leveson Gower, V.P.S.A., George Payne, F.S.A., and <|neral Pitt-Rivers, F.R.S., representing the Society of Antiquaries of I ndon. J Sir C. M. Kennedy, C.B., K.C.M.G., and E. G. Ravenstein, repre- ssing the Royal Statistical Society. A Member representing the Dialect Society. Dr. J. Beddoe, F.R.S. ; Arthur J. Evans, F.S.A. ; Sir H. H. Howorth, ]ja.S. ; Professor R. Meldola, F.R.S. [ John Rhys, M.A., Jesus Professor of Celtic in the University of <:ford, and also Professor Boyd Dawkins, F.R.S., E. S. Hartland, F.S.A., ]|iward Laws, the Ven. Archdeacon Thomas, F.S.A., S. W. Williams, l^S.A., and J. Romilly Allen, F.S.A. Scot. (Secretary), representing the < mbrian Archaeological Society, and forming a Sub- Committee for Wales. Joseph Anderson, LL.D., Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Professor D. J. Cunningham, F.R.S., C. R. Browne, M.D., and Pro- ftsor A. C. Haddon, M.A., representing the Royal Irish Academy, and [•ming a Sub-Committee for Ireland (Prof. Haddon, Secretary). E. Sidney Hartland, F.S.A., Secretary. This Committee has already made two preliminary reports to the . sociation, in which the names of 367 villages or places in various parts i the United Kingdom have been indicated as especially to deserve i mographic study. The list, large as it is, is not exhaustive. For I 3se and such other villages and places as may appear to be suitable, 1 Committee propose to record — (1) Physical types of the inhabitants ; (2) Current traditions and beliefs ; (3) Peculiarities of dialect ; (4) Monuments and other remains of ancient culture ; and (5) Historical evidence as to continuity of race. j All communications should be addressed to * The Secretary or [E Ethnographic Survey, British Association, Burlington House, mdon, W.' A 2 The most generally convenient method of organising a simultaneous inquiry under these five heads appears to be the appointment of a sub- committee in each place, one or more members of which would be preparedi joint to undertake each head of the inquiry. For the ancient remains advan- tage should be taken of the work of the Archaeological Survey where I is in operation. The general plan of the Committee is discussed in am article, On the Organisation of local Anthropological Research, in the ' Journal of the Anthropological Institute ' of February 1893. For the use of inquirers copies on foolscap paper of the Forms of iftngt Schedule have been prepared, giving a separate page or pages of foolscap lee for each head of the inquiries, on which are the questions and hints pre-i \ pared by the Committee, the lower portion of each page, to which should* i be added as many separate sheets of foolscap as may be required, beingjU left for answers ; and, with regard to the physical observations, a single p. page of foolscap has been set aside for the measurements of each in- lew dividual to be observed. The requisite number of copies of the foolscap I ( edition of the schedules and of extra copies of the form for the persons M to be photographed and measured will be supplied on application. 1 i Communications should all be written on foolscap paper, and the in writing should be on one side only of the page, and a margin of about onefll I inch on the left-hand side of the page should be left, with a view tofli future binding. | j Directions for Measurement. Instrument required for these measurements : — The 'Traveller's Anthropometer,' manufactured by Aston & Mander, 25 Old Compton Street, London, W.C. ; price 3/. 3s. complete ; without 2 -metre steel measuring tape and box footpiece, 21. 10s. With this instrument all the measurements can be taken. In a permanent laboratory it will be found IN convenient to have a fixed graduated standard for measuring the height, or a scale affixed to a wall. For field work a tape measure may be tem- porarily suspended to a rigid vertical support, with the zero just touching .IN the ground or floor. A 2 -metre tape, a pair of folding callipers, a folding square, all of which are graduated in millimetres, and a small set-square can be ob- tained from Aston & Mander for II. 6s. : with this small equipment all the necessary measurements can be taken. Height Standing. — The subject should stand perfectly upright, with j»nt his back to the standard or fixed tape, and his eyes directed horizontally forwards. Care should be taken that the standard or support for the tape |ft is vertical. The stature may be measured by placing the person with his back against a wall to which a metre scale has been affixed. The height is determined by placing a carpenter's square or a large set-square against tf the support in such a manner that the lower edge is at right angles to the ift scale ; the square should be placed well above the head, and then brought \ k down till its lower edge feels the resistance of the top of the head. The to observer should be careful that the height is taken in the middle line of the head. If the subject should object to take off his boots, measure the thickness of the boot-heel, and deduct it from stature indicated in boots. Height Sitting. — For this the subject should be seated on a low stool or bench, having behind it a graduated rod or tape with its zero level with the seat ; he should sit perfectly erect, with his back well in against th< scale, Then proceed as in measuring the height standing. The squa: should be employed here also if the tape against a wall is used, i:3 ith jla 5 1 Length of Cranium. — Measured with callipers from the most prominent Urt of the projection between the eyebrows (glabella) to the most distant )int at the back of the head in the middle line. Care should be taken • keep the end of the callipers steady on the glabella by holding it there tth the fingers, while the other extremity is searching for the maximum 'ojection of the head behind. Breadth of Cranium. — The maximum breadth of head, which is usually )out the level of the top of the ears, is measured at right angles to the ngth. Care must be taken to hold the instrument so that both its points •e exactly on the same horizontal level. Face Length. — This is measured from the slight furrow which marks te root of the nose, and which is about the level of a line drawn from the ■litre of the pupil of one eye to that of the other, to the under part of the lin. Should there be two furrows, as is often the case, measure from itween them. Upper Face Length. — From root of nose to the interval between the two antral front teeth at their roots. Face Breadth. — Maximum breadth of face between the bony projections . front of the ears. Inter-ocular Breadth. — Width between the internal angles of the eyes. rhile this is being measured the subject should shut his eyes. Bigonial Breadth. — Breadth of face at the outer surface of the angles ' the lower jaw below the ears. JSfose Length. — From the furrow at root of nose to the angle between le nose and the upper lip in the middle line. Breadth of Nose. — Measured horizontally across the nostrils at the idest part, but without compressing the nostrils. Height of Head. — The head should be so held that the eyes look straight rward to a point at the same level as themselves — i.e., the plane of vision lOuld be exactly horizontal. The rod of the Anthropometer should be ild vertically in front of the face of the subject, and the upper straight •m should be extended as far as possible and placed along the middle re of the head ; the shorter lower arm should be pushed up to the lower irface of the chin. When measured with the square the depending bar ust be held vertically in front of the face (with the assistance of the •irit-level or plumb-line), and the small set-square passed up this arm om below in such a manner that its horizontal upper edge will come into >ntact with the lower contour of the chin. The distance between the wer edge of the horizontal bar of the square and the upper edge of the t-square can be read off, and this will be the maximum height of the iad. Height of Cranium. — The head being held in precisely the same manner in measuring the height of the head, the instrument is rotated to the ft side of the head, its upper bar still resting on the crown, and the cording arm (or the set-square) is pointed to the centre of the line of tachment of the small projecting cartilage in front of the ear-hole. Note. — It is essential that these rules should be strictly followed in der to secure accuracy. All measurements must be made in millimetres. possible, the subject's weight should be obtained, and recorded in the ace set apart for remarks. The observer is recommended to procure Sfotes and Queries on Anthropology,' 2nd edition, from the Anthropo- gical Institute. 3 Hanover Square, London, W. ; net price, 3s. Gy Mr. Galton, so far as his time allows. Dlace Name of Observer 2. Current Traditions and Beliefs. Folklore. Every item of folklore should be collected, consisting of customs, traditions, superstitions, sayings of the people, games, and any supersti- tions connected with special days, marriages, births, deaths, cultivation of :he land, election of local officers, or other events. Bach item should be written legibly on a separate piece of paper, and the name, occupa- tion, and age of the person from whom the information is obtained should in all cases be carefully recorded. If a custom or tradition relates to a particular place or object, especially if it relates to a curious natural feature of the district, or to an ancient monument or camp, some infor- mation should be given about such place or monument. Sometimes a custom, tradition, or superstition may relate to a particular family or group of persons, and not generally to the whole population ; and in this case care should be exercised in giving necessary particulars. Any objects which are used for local ceremonies, such as masks, ribbons, coloured dresses, &c, should be described accurately, and, if possible, photographed ; or might be forwarded to London, either for permanent location, or to be drawn or photographed. Any superstitions that are believed at one place and professedly disbelieved at another, or the exact opposite believed, should be most carefully noted. The following questions are examples of the kind and direction of the inquiries to be made, and are not intended to confine the inquirer to the special subjects referred to in them, or to limit the replies to categorical answers. The numbers within brackets refer to the corresponding articles in the 'Handbook of Folklore ' (published by Nutt, 270 Strand, London), which may be consulted for advice as to the mode of collecting and the cautions to be observed. (4) Relate any tradition as to the origin of mountains or as to giants being entombed therein. Are there any traditions about giants or dwarfs in the district ? Relate them. Is there a story about a Blinded Giant like that of Polyphemus? 8 (13) Describe any ceremonies performed at certain times in connec tion with mountains. (1G) Relate any traditions or beliefs about caves. (19) Are any customs performed on islands not usually inhabited P1 Are they used as burial places ? (25) Describe any practices of leaving small objects, articles of dress,) &c, at wells. (29) Are there spirits of rivers or streams ? Give their names. (32) Describe any practices of casting small objects, articles of dress, &c, into the rivers. (33) Are running waters supposed not to allow criminals or evil spirits to cross them ? (39) Describe any customs at the choosing of a site for building, and relate any traditions as to the site or erection of any building. (42) Is there a practice of sprinkling foundations with the blood of ' animals, a bull, or a cock ? (43) Does the building of a house cause the death of the builder? (48, 49, 50) Relate any traditions of the sun, moon, stars. (62) Describe the customs of fishermen at launching their boats. (63) Give any omens believed in by fishermen. (66) Is it unlucky to assist a drowning person ? (84) What ceremonies are performed when trees are felled ? (85) Describe any custom of placing rags and other small objects ; upon bushes or trees. (86) Describe any maypole customs and dances. (87) Describe any customs of wassailing of fruit trees. (90) Are split trees used in divination or for the cure of disease ? (98) Describe any ceremonies used for love divination with plants or i trees. (105) Describe the garlands made and used at ceremonies. (110) What animals are considered lucky and what unlucky to meet, 1 come in contact with, or kill ? (132) Describe any customs in which animals are sacrificed, or driven i away from house or village. (133) Describe customs in which men dress up as animals. (137) Give the names of the local demons, fairies, pixies, ghosts, &c. J Have any of them personal proper names ? (139) Their habits, whether gregarious or solitary. Do they use t special implements ? (140) Form and appearance, if beautiful or hideous, small in stature, different at different times. (144) Character, if merry, mischievous, sulky, spiteful, industrious, stupid, easily outwitted. (145) Occupations, music, dancing, helping mankind, carrying on | mining, agricultural work. (146) Haunts or habitations, if human dwellings, mounds, barrows, j mines, forests, boggy moorlands, waters, the underworld, f dolmens, stone circles. (190) Give the details of any practices connected with the worship of j the local saint. (191) Are sacrifices or offerings made to the local saint ; on what days; and when ? 9 (192) What is the shrine of the local saint ? (210) Witchcraft. Describe minutely the ceremonies performed by the witch. What preliminary ceremony took place to pro- tect the witch ? ('294:) Are charms nsed to find evil spirits and prevent their moving away ? (295) Are amulets, talismans, written bits of paper, gestures, &c, used to avert evil or to ensure good ? If so, how ; when ; where ? (297) Are skulls of animals, or horses, or other objects hung up in trees to avert the evil eye and other malign influences ? (298) What methods are employed for divining future events ? What omens are believed in ? (353) What superstitions are attached to women's work as such ? (356) Are women ever excluded from any occupation, ceremonies, or places ? (358) What superstitions are attached to the status of widowhood ? (366) Are particular parts of any town or village, or particular sections of any community, entirely occupied in one trade or occupation ? (368) Have they customs and superstitions peculiar to their occupation? (369) Do they intermarry among themselves, and keep aloof from other people ? (373) Have they any processions or festivals ? (422) What parts of the body are superstitiously regarded ? (432) Are bones, nails, hair, the subject of particular customs or superstitions • and is anything done with bones when acci- dentally discovered ? (436) Is dressing ever considered as a special ceremonial ; are omens drawn from accidents in dressing ? (452) Are any parts of the house considered sacred ? (453) Is the threshold the object of any ceremony ; is it adorned with garlands ; is it guarded by a horseshoe or other object ? (454) Are any ceremonies performed at the hearth ; are the ashes used for divination ; is the fire ever kept burning for any continuous period ? (456) Is it unlucky to give fire from the hearth to strangers always, or when ? (467) Is there any ceremony on leaving a house, or on first occupying a house ? (509) What are the chief festivals, and what the lesser festivals observed ? (515) Explain the popular belief in the object of each festival. (516) Describe the customs and observances appertaining to each festival. (540) When does the new year popularly begin ? State the superstitions or legends known to attach to — (a) Hallowe'en. (b) May Eve. (c) Midsummer Day, and St. John's Eve (d) Lammas, or August 1. (e) New Year's Day. (f) Christmas. Both old and new styles. 3 10 Is there any superstition as to the first person who enters a l l house in the New Year? Is stress laid upon the colour of P complexion and hair ? (5G7) What are the customs observed at the birth of children ? (588) Describe the ceremonies practised at courtship and marriage. J| (623) Describe the ceremonies at death and burial. (669) Describe any games of ball or any games with string, or other r games. (674) Describe all nursery games of children. (686) Is there any special rule of succession to property ? (703) Is any stone or group of stones, or any ancient monument or ancient tree connected with, local customs ? (706) Are any special parts of the village or town the subject of particular rights, privileges, or disabilities ; do these parts j bear any particular names ? (711) Describe special local modes of punishment or of lynch law. (719) Describe special customs observed at ploughing, harrowing, sowing, manuring, haymaking, apple-gathering, corn-harvest, j hemp-harvest, flax-harvest, potato-gathering, threshing, flax- picking, and hemp-picking. The collections under this head will be digested by Professor Rhys and the representatives of the Folklore Society. Place Name of Observer 3. Peculiarities of Dialect. Directions to Collectors op Dialect Tests. 1. Do not, if it can be helped, let your informant know the nature of your observations. The true dialect-speaker will not speak his dialect freely or truly unless he is unaware that his utterance is watched. In some cases persons of the middle class can afford correct information, and there is less risk in allowing them to know your purpose. 2. Observe the use of consonants. Note, for example, if v and z are used where the standard pronunciation has / and s. This is common in the south. 3. Observe very carefully the nature of the vowels. This requires practice in uttering and appreciating vowel sounds, some knowledge of phonetics, and a good ear. 4. Record all observations in the same standard phonetic alphabet, viz., that given in Sweet's ' Primer of Phonetics.' A few modifications in this may be made, viz., ng for Sweet's symbol for the sound of ng in thing ; sh for his symbol for the sh in she ; ch for his symbol for the ch in choose ; th for the th in thin ; dh for the th in then. If these modifications are used, say so. But the symbol j must only be used for the y in you, viz., as in German. If the sound of j in just is meant. Sweet's symbol should be used. On the whole it is far better to use no modifications at all. Sweet's symbols are no more difficult to use than any others after a very brief practice, such as every observer of phonetics must necessarily go through. II 5. If you find that you are unable to record sounds according to the bove scheme it is better to make no return at all. Incorrect returns are lisleading in the highest degree, most of all such as are recorded in the rdinary spelling of literary English. 6. The chief vowel-sounds to be tested are those which occur in the ollowing words of English origin, viz., man, hard, name, help, meat (spelt ?ith ed), green (spelt with ee), hill, wine, fire, soft, hole, oak (spelt with oa), ool, sun, house, day, law, or words involving similar sounds. Also words f French origin, such as just, master (a before s), grant (a before n), try, alue, measure, bacon, pay, chair, journey, pity, beef, clear, profit, boil, roast . wrk, false, butcher, fruit, blue, pure, poor, or words involving similar ounds. The best account of these sounds, as tested for a Yorkshire dialect, is 0 be found in Wright's 'Dialect of Wmdhill ' (English Dialect Society, .892), published by Kegan Paul at 12s. 6d. Sweet's symbols are here jmployed throughout. I Sweet's ' Primer of Phonetics ' is published by the Oxford Press at Is. 6d. A list of test words (of English origin) is given at p. 42 of Skeat's 1 Primer of English Etymology,' published by the Oxford Press at Is. 6d. 7. The task of collecting words which seem to be peculiarly dialectal 'as to form or meaning, or both) has been performed so thoroughly that t is useless to record what has been often already recorded. See, for 3xample, Halliwell's (or Wright's) ' Provincial Glossary ' and the publi- 3ations of the English Dialect Society. In many cases, however, the oronunciation of such words has not been noted, and may be carefully set iown with great advantage. The Rev. Professor Skeat has been kind enough to draw up the fore- going directions, and the collections under this head will be submitted • to him. Place Name of Observer 4. Monuments and other Remains of Ancient Culture. Plot on a map, describe, furnish photographs on sketches, and state the measurements and names (if any) of these, according to the following classification : — Drift implements. Caves and their contents. Stone circles. Monoliths. Lake dwellings. Camps. Enclosures. Collections of hut circles. ' Cromlechs. Cairns. Sepulchral chambers. I Barrows, describing the form, and distinguishing those which have !not been opened. Inscribed stones. Figured stones. Stone crosses. Castra (walled). Earthen camps. Foundations of Roman buildings. Cemeteries (what modes of sepulture). Burials, inhumation or cremation. Detailed contents of graves. 12 Types of fibula) and other ornaments. Coins. Implements and weapons, stone, bronze, or iron. Other antiquities. ll A list of place-names within the area. No modern names reqnired. j Special note should be made of British, Roman, and Saxon interments occurring in the same field, and other signs of successive occupation. Reference should be made to the article ' Archaeology ' in ' Notes and Queries on Anthropology,' p. 17b\ These relate to England only. The sub-committees for other parts of f the United Kingdom will prepare modified lists. The collections under this head will be digested by Mr. Payne. Place Name of Observer 5. Historical Evidence as to Continuity of Race. Mention any historical events connected with the place, especially such as relate to early settlements in it or more recent incursions of alien immigrants. State the nature of the pursuits and occupations of the inhabitants. State if any precautions have been taken by the people to keep them- selves to themselves ; if the old village tenures of land have been pre- served. Has any particular form of religious belief been maintained ? Are the people constitutionally averse to change ? What are the dates of the churches and monastic or other ancient buildings or existing remains of former buildings ? Do existing buildings stand on the sites of older ones ? How far back can particular families or family names be traced? Can any evidence of this be obtained from the manor rolls; from the parish registers; from the tythingmen's returns; from guild or corporation records ? Are particular family names common ? In what county or local history is the best description of the place tc be found ? Evidences of historical continuity of customs, dress, dwellings, im- plements, &c, should be noted. The collections under this head will be digested by Mr. Brabrook. 13 Notes Explanatory of the Schedules. By E. Sidney Hartland, F.S.A., Secretary of the Committee. The object of the Committee is to obtain a collection of authentic information relative to the population of the British Islands, with a view to determine as far as possible the racial elements of which it is composed. The high interest of the inquiry for all archaeologists need not be here insisted on. A satisfactory solution of the problems involved will mean the re-writing of much of our early history ; and even if we can only gain a partial insight into the real facts it will enable us to correct or to con- firm many of the guesses in which historians have indulged upon data of a very meagre and often delusive character. The methods it is proposed to adopt have regard to the physical peculiarities of the inhabitants, their mental idiosyncrasies, the material remains of their ancient culture, and their external history. In modern times great movements of population have taken place, the developments of industry and commerce have brought together into large centres natives of all parts of the country, and even foreigners, and thereby I caused the mingling of many elements previously disparate. These have j enormously complicated the difficulties of the inquiry. They have I rendered many districts unsuitable for every purpose except the record of j material remains. Scattered up and down the country, however, there I are hamlets and retired places where the population has remained J stationary and affected but little by the currents that have obliterated j their neighbours' landmarks. To such districts as these it is proposed to ' direct attention. Where families have dwelt in the same village from father to son as far back as their ancestry can be traced, where the modes of life have diverged the least from those of ancient days, where pastoral and agricultural occupations have been the mainstay of a scanty folk from time immemorial, where custom and prejudice and superstition have held men bound in chains which all the restlessness of the nineteenth century has not yet completely severed, there we hope still to find sure- traces of the past. The photographic survey, which has been carried out so well at Birmingham and elsewhere, and has been initiated in our own country, will prove a most valuable aid to the wider work of the Ethnographical | Survey. Photographs of the material remains of ancient culture are | explicitly asked for in the schedule. In addition to them, photographs of j typical inhabitants are urgently desired. Some judgment will, of course, I require to be exercised in the selection of types, and a considerable | amount of tact in inducing the subjects to allow themselves to be taken. It has been found effective for this purpose, as well as for that of J measuring the people, that two persons should go out together, and j setting up the camera in the village, or wherever they find a convenient i spot, coram populo, they should then proceed gravely to measure and ) photograph one another. This will be found to interest the villagers, j and some of them will gradually be persuaded to submit to the operation. A little geniality, and sometimes a mere tangible gratification of a trifling character, will hardly ever fail in accomplishing the object. The expe rience of observers who have taken measurements is that it becomes 14 sxtremely fascinating work as the collection increases and the results are) « compared.1 This comparison, if the subjects have been selected with judgment, P and accurately measured and photographed, should enable us to determine !; in what proportions the blood of the various races which have from timeir to time invaded and occupied our soil has been transmitted to the present J'1 population of different parts of the United Kingdom. From the ancient I1 remains in barrows and other sepulchral monuments, and from the study I1 of the living peoples of Western Europe, the characteristics of the races 1' in question are known with more or less certainty, and every year addsif' to our information concerning them. A much more complex problem, | and one wherein archaeologists have a more direct interest, is how far the j| culture of the races in question has descended to us, and how far it has been affected by intruding arts, faiths, and inventions. To solve this, ! appeal is made first to the historic and prehistoric monuments and other material remains, and secondly to the traditions of many kinds that linger among the peasantry. Here the first business, and that with which the practical work of the survey is immediately concerned, is the | work of collection. To photograph, sketch, and accurately describe the 5 material remains ; to note and report the descriptions and drawings I already made, and where they are preserved ; to gather and put into handy form the folklore of each country already printed ; and to collect i from the surviving depositaries of tradition that which may still be found — namely, tales, sayings, customs, medical prescriptions, songs, . games, riddles, superstitions, and all those scraps of traditional lore stored in rustic memories, impervious and strange to the newer lore of to-day — 1 these are the necessary preliminaries to the study of the civilisation of our ancestors. Archaeologists have paid too exclusive attention to the material i remains. They have forgotten to inquire what light may be thrown upon them by tradition. By the term tradition I do not mean simply what the people say about the monuments. Antiquaries soon found out that that was always inaccurate, and often utterly false and misleading. Hence thay have been too much inclined to despise all traditions. But tradition in the wide sense of the ivhole body of the lore of the uneducated, their customs as well as their beliefs, their doings as well as their sayings, has proved, when scientifically studied, of the greatest value for the explanation of much that we must fail to understand in the material remains of antiquity. To take a very simple instance : when we find in Gloucestershire barrows, cups, or bowls of rough pottery buried with the dead, we call them food-vessels, because we know that it is the custom among savage and barbarous nations to bury food with the dead and to make offerings at the tomb, and that this custom rests on a persuasion that the dead continue to need food and that they will be propitiated by gifts ; and we further infer that the races who buried food-vessels with their dead in this country held a similar opinion. Or, to take another burial custom : General Pitt- Rivers reported last year to the British As- 1 The Ethnographical Survey Committee has a few sets of instruments for taking the measurements, which can be placed temporarily at the disposal of the local committee. Perhaps I may here also express the opinion that if the personal photographs and measurements called for expenditure beyond what could be met by local enthusiasm, the Committee might not be indisposed to contribute by way of a small payment for each photograph and set of measurements. 15 ■ >ciation that he had found in excavations at Cranborne Chase bodies uried without the head. If we were ignorant of the practices of other ices we should be at a loss to account for such interments. As it is, we sk ourselves whether these bodies are those of strangers whose heads have een sent back to their own land, or their own tribe, in order to be united 1 one general cemetery with their own people ; or whether the heads •ere cut off* and preserved by their immediate relatives and brought into le circle at their festive gatherings to share the periodical solemnities of I he clan. Both these are savage modes of dealing with the dead, one of -hich, indeed, left traces in Roman civilisation at its highest development, 'he knowledge of them puts us upon inquiry as to other burials of the rehistoric inhabitants of this country, which may help us in reconstruct- ig their worship and their creed. I for one do not despair of recovering, y careful comparison of the relics preserved to us in the ancient monu- , lents with the folklore of the existing peasantry and of races in other arts of the earth, at least the outlines of the beliefs of our remote redecessors. I Any such conclusions, however, must be founded on the essential unity hat science has, during the last thirty years, unveiled to us in human nought and human institutions. This unity has disguised itself in forms S diverse as the nationalities of men. And when we have succeeded in /iecing together the skeleton of our predecessors' civilisation, material and atellectual, we are confronted by the further inquiries : What were the pecific distinctions of their culture ? and How was it influenced by those j'f their neighbours or of their conquerors ? This is a question only to be letermined, if at all, by the examination of the folklore of the country. »Ve may assume that the physical measurements, descriptions, and por- raits of the present inhabitants will establish our relationship to some of he peoples Avhose remains we find beneath our feet. And it will be easonable to believe that, though there has been a communication from >ther peoples of their traditions, yet that the broad foundation of our folk- ore is derived from our forefathers and predecessors in our own land. In Gloucestershire itself we have strong evidence of the persistence of tradi- ion. Bisley Church is said to have been originally intended to be built several miies off, ' but the Devil every night removed the stones, and the irchitect was obliged at last to build it where it now stands.' This is, of course, a common tradition. The peculiarity of the case is that at Bisley ts meaning has been discovered. The spot where, we are told, 1 the murch ought to have been built was occupied formerly by a Roman villa ; ' md when the church was restored some years ago ' portions of the mate- ials of that villa were found embedded in the church walls, including the dtars of the Penates, which are now, however, removed to the British Museum.5 1 Here, as Sir John Dorington said, addressing this Society I some years ago at Stroud, is a tradition which has been handed down for ifteen or sixteen hundred years. This is in our own country, and it may je thought hard to beat such a record. But at Mold, in Flintshire, there s evidence of a tradition which must have been handed down from the prehistoric iron age — that is to say, for more than two thousand years. A cairn stood there, called the Bryn-yr-Ellyllon, the Hill of the Fairies. Et was believed to be haunted ; a spectre clad in golden armour had been 1 Gloucestershire J\. Q. vol. i. p. 390 quoting an article in the Building News. See also Sir John Dorington's Presidential Address, Trans, li. S' G. A rch. Soc. vol. v. ?• 7. 16 scon to enter it. That this story was current before the mound w£ opened is a fact beyond dispute. In 1832 the cairn was explored. Thrt hundred cartloads of stones were removed, and beneath them was found fi"1'1 skeleton ' laid at full length, wearing a corslet of beautifully wrougl gold, which had been placed on a lining of bronze.' The corslet in que; tion is of Etruscan workmanship, and is now, I believe, to be seen in tbil*1 British Museum.1 Examples like these — and they stand by no means alone — inspire cor J fidence in the permanence of what seems so fleeting and evanescent. Folk li lore is, in fact, like pottery, the most delicate, the most fragile of huma: I productions : yet it is precisely these productions which prove more duii able than solid and substantial fabrics, and outlast the wreck of empire* f ^ a witness to the latest posterity of the culture of earlier and ruder times. PS But if these traditions have thus been preserved for centuries and evei 1 is' millenniums, they have been modified — nay, transformed — in the process j f It is not the bare fact which has been transmitted from generation tiip generation, but the fact seen through the distorting medium of the popu p lar imagination. This is a characteristic of all merely oral records of ai| actual event ; and this it is which everywhere renders tradition, taker j literally, so untrustworthy, so misleading a witness to fact. The samd law, however, does not apply to every species of tradition. Some specie; j fall within the lines of the popular imagination ; and it is then not a dis-J torting but a conservative force. The essential identity of so many stories ? stit customs and superstitions throughout the world is a sufficient proof of this.] At on which I have no space to dwell. But their essential identity is over- { ^ laid with external differences due to local surroundings, racial peculiari- [ a ties, higher or lower planes of civilisation. There is a charming story told j it in South Wales of a lady who came out of a lake at the foot of one of the f fl Carmarthenshire mountains and married a youth in the neighbourhood,' and who afterwards, offended with her husband, quitted his dwelling for ever and returned to her watery abode. In the Shetland Islands the tale- is told of a seal which cast its skin and appeared as a woman. A man off! the Isle of Unst possessed himself of the seal-skin and thus captured and married her. She lived with him until one day she recovered the skin,i resumed her seal-shape and plunged into the sea, never more to return. In Croatia the damsel is a wolf whose wolf- skin a soldier steals. In thei Arabian Nights she is &yinn wearing the feather-plumage of a bird, appa- rently assumed simply for the purpose of flight. In all these cases the variations are produced by causes easily assigned. The specific distinctions of a nation's culture are not necessarily limited to changes of traditions which it may have borrowed from its neighbours or inherited from a common stock. It may conceivably develop traditions peculiar to itself. This is a subject hardly yet investigated by students of folklore. Their labours have hitherto been chiefly confined to estab- lishing the identity underlying divergent forms of tradition and explaining j the meaning of practices and beliefs by comparison of the folklore of dis- | tant races at different stages of evolution. But there are not wanting j those who are turning their attention to a province as yet unconquered, :, and indeed almost undiscovered. Even if they only succeed in establish- 1 ing a negative, if they show that all traditions supposed to be peculiar j 1 Boyd Dawkins, Early Man in Britain, p. 431, citing Arcliceologia and Arch. Camdre?isis. 17 j ve counterparts elsewhere, they will have rendered a signal service to lience, and produced incontrovertible testimony of the unity of the human ind and the unintermittent force of the laws which govern it. Alike for the purpose of ascertaining the specific distinctions of culture .d the influences of neighbouring nations and neighbouring civilisations, i accumulation of facts is the prime requisite. If we have reason to 4ieve in the persistence of tradition, we shall have confidence that relics ill be discovered in our midst of the faith and institutions of our remoter icestors ; and, in accordance as we venerate antiquity or desire to pre- - rve what remains of the past, we shall hasten to collect them. Nor can e be too quick in so doing. The blood of our forefathers is a permanent Jieritance, which it would take many generations and a large interming- ng of foreigners seriously to dilute, much less to destroy. But tradition rapidly dying. It is dwindling away before the influences of modern vilisation. Formerly, when the rural districts were isolated, when news 'avelled slowly and nobody thought of leaving his home save to go to the earest market, and that not too often, when education did not exist for he peasantry and the landowners had scarcely more than a bowing ac- uaintance with it, the talk by the fireside on winter evenings was of the usiness of the day — the tilling, the crops, the kine. Or it was the gossip nd small scandals interesting to such a community, or reminiscences by 'he elders of the past. Thence it would easily glide into tales and super- titions. And we know that these tales and superstitions were, in fact, he staple of conversation among our fathers and generally throughout the /Vest of Europe, to go no further afield, down to a very recent period ; md they still are in many districts. In England, however, railways, lewspapers, elementary education, politics, and the industrial movements vhich have developed during the present century have changed the ancient nodes of life ; and the old traditions are fading out of memory. The generation that held them is fast passing away. The younger generation ras never cared to learn them ; though, of course, many of the minor superstitions and sayings have still a considerable measure of power, espe- cially in the shape of folk-medicine and prescriptions for luck. We must make haste, therefore, if we desire to add to the scanty information on record concerning English folklore. As a starting-point for the collection of Gloucestershire folklore I put together, a year or two ago, the folklore in Atkyns, Rudder, and the first four volumes of Gloucestershire Notes and Queries ; and it was printed by the Folklore Society and issued as a pamphlet.1 Other works remain to be searched ; and it is probable that a good deal more may be found already in print, if some who are interested in the antiquities of the country will (undertake the not very arduous, but very necessary, labour of collection. I When all is gathered, however, it will only be a small part of what must have existed at no distant date — if not of what still exists, awaiting dili- [ gent inquiry among living men and women. How to set about the in- quiry is a question that must be left very much to the individual inquirer to answer. Valuable practical hints are given in the Handbook of Folklore, a small volume that may be bought for half-a-crown and carried in the pocket. Confidence between the collector and those from whom he is seeking information is the prime necessity. Keep your notebook far in lT Cownty Folklore. Printed Extracts — No. 1, Gloucestershire. London : D. Nut t, 1892. Is. 18 the background, and beware of letting the peasant know the object of your curiosity, or even of allowing him to see that you are curious. Above all, avoid leading questions. If you are looking for tales, tell a tale yourself. Do anything to establish a feeling of friendly sympathy. Never laugh at your friend's superstitions — not even if he laugh at them himself I for he will not open his heart to you if he suspect you of despising them. There is one other division of the schedule to which I have not yet referred. The Dialect is perishing as rapidly as the folklore ; it is being overwhelmed by the same foes. Peculiarities of dialect are due partly to< phj sical, partly to mental, causes. From either point of view they are of interest to the investigator of antiquities. Hence their inclusion among the subjects of the Ethnographical Survey. Nobody who has once under- stood how much of history is often wrapped up in a single word can fail to perceive the importance of a study of dialect, or how largely it may contribute to the determination of the origin of a given population. The reduction of dialect into writing requires accuracy to distinguish the nice- ties of pronunciation, and some practice to set them down ; but a little experience will overcome most difficulties, which, after all, are not great. It is believed that most of the words — as distinguished from their pronun- ciation— in use have been recorded in the publications of the English Dialect Society or elsewhere. But it is better to record them again than to leave them unrecorded. Nor should it be forgotten in this connection that a word often bears a different shade of meaning in one place from what it bears in another. In recording any words, care should therefore be taken to seize not only the exact sound, but the exact signification, if it be desired to make a real contribution towards the history of the country, or the history of the language. Of the method of collection and transcription it is needless to' add to the directions in the schedule. QUERIES AND REQUESTS. WILTS DIALECT. ' Mk. Gr. E. Dartnell, Abbottsfield, Salisbury, and the Rev. E. H. Gtoddard, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett, would be greatly obliged if Members interested in the dialeet of the county would send them notes of any Wiltshire words not already noted in " Contributions towards a Wiltshire Glossary" in Nos. 76, 77, and 80 of the Magazine. NOTES ON LOCAL ARCH/EOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY. The Editor of the Magazine asks Members in all parts of the county to send him short, concise notes of anything of interest, in the way of either Archaeology or Natural History, connected with "Wiltshire, for insertion in the Magazine. CHURCHYARD INSCRIPTIONS. The Rev. E. H. Gtoddard would be glad to hear from anyone who is willing to take the trouble of copying the whole of the in- scriptions on the tombstones in any churchyard, with a view to helping in the gradual collection of the tombstone inscriptions of the county. Up to the present, about thirty-five churches and churchyards have been completed or promised. WILTSHIRE PHOTOGRAPHS. \ The attention of Photographers, amateur and professional, is called to the Report on Photographic Surveys, drawn up by the Congress of Archaeological Societies and issued with this num- ber of the Magazine. The Committee regard as very desirable the acquisition of good photographs of objects of archaeological and architectural interest in the county, in which special at- tention is given to the accurate presentment of detail rather than to the general effect of the picture. The Secretaries would be glad to hear from anyone interested in photography who would be willing to help on the work by undertaking to photo- graph the objects of interest in their own immediate neighbour- hoods. The photographs should, as a rule, be not less than half -plate size, unmounted, and must be printed in permanent process. \ WILTSHIRE WORDS, a Glossary of Words used in the County of Wiltshire, by Gr. E. Dartnell and the Rev. E. H. Goddard. 8vo. 1893. Pp. xix. and 235. Price 15s. net. A re -publication by the English Dialect Society of the three papers of " Contributions towards a Wiltshire Glossary " which have appeared in the Wilts Arch. Mag., in connected form, with many additions and corrections, prefaced by a short grammatical introduction, and containing twelve pages of specimens of Wiltshire talk. Henry Prowde, Amen Corner, London, E.C. ; TO BE DISPOSED OE, a duplicate copy of cacli of the following books : — Hoare's " Ancient Wiltshire," 2 vols., folio ; " Modern Wilts," "Hundreds of Heytesbury," and "Branch and Dole," 2 vols., folio; Canon Jackson's "History of Grittleton," 4to ; Aubrey's "Natural History of Wilts," dto ; Smith's " Choir Gaur," largo paper 4to ; also the first five vols, of " The Wilts Magazine," containing all the rare numbers of that publication. — Apply to MB. W. Cunnington, 58, Acre-lane, London, S.W. Wiltshire Books wanted for the Library . The response to the appeal issued on the cover of the Magazine has been so encouraging, that this second list of u Books wanted " is printed in the hope that it may meet with equal good fortune. Oliver (Dr. G.). Collecfcious illustra- ting a History of Catholic Religion Sir T. Philipps. Wiltshire Pipe Rolls. N. Wilts Musters. Rotulus Hilde- brandi de London and Johis de Harnham, &c. Hoare. Registruui Wiltuneuse. Chronicon Vilodunense, fol. Hoare Family. Early History and Genealogy, &c, 188*3. Beckford. Recollections of, 1893. ditto Memoirs of, 1859. Beckford's Thoughts on Hunting, 1781. Beckford Family. Reminiscences, 1887. Lawrence, Sir T. Cabinet of Gems. Sporting Incidents in the Life of another Tom Smith, M.F.H., 1867. Marlborough College Natural History Society. Report, 1881. Lord Clarendon. History of the Rebellion, Reign of Charles II.. Clarendon Gallery Characters. Claren don and Whitelocke compared, the Clarendon Family vindicated, &c. Cassan's Lives of the Bishops of Salis- bury. Life of Thomas Boulter, of Poulshot, Highwayman. Broad Chalke Registers. Moore, 1881. Akerman's Archaeological Index. J. Britton. Bo wood and its Literary Associations. Hobbes (T.). Leviathan. Riot in the County of Wilts, .1739. in Cornwall, Wilts, &c. Bishop Burnet. History of His Own Time. ditto History of the Reformation, ditto Passages in Life of John, Earl of Rochester. Warton (Rev. J., of Salisbury). Poems, 1794. Woollen Trade of Wilts, Gloucester, and Somerset. 1803. Wiltshire Worthies, Notes, Biographical and Topographical, by F. Stratford, 1882. Price. Series of Observations on the Cathedral Chnrch of Salisbury. Addison (Joseph). Life and Worts. Life of John Tobin, by Miss Benger. Gillman's Devizes Register. 1859 — 69. R. Jefferies. Any of his Works. Besant's Eulogy of R. Jefferies. Morris' Marston and Stanton. Description of the Wilton House Diptych. Arundel Society. Moore. Poetical Works. Memoirs. Mrs. Marshall. Under Salisbury Spire. Maskell's Monumenta Ritualia. Sarum Use. Armfield. Legend of Christian Art. Salisbury Cathedral. 1869. Walton's Lives. Hooker. Herbert. ■ N.B.— Any Books, Pamphlets, &c, written by Natives of Wiltshire, or Residents in the County, on any subject, old Newspaper Cuttings, Scraps, Election Pla- cards, Squibs, &c, and any original Drawings or Prints of objects in the County, will also be acceptable. AGENTS FOR THE SALE OP THR WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE. Bath . C. Hallett, N, Bridge Street. Bristol James Fawn & Sons, 18, Queen's Road „ C. T. Jefferies & Sons, Redcliffe Street. Cahie A. Heath & Son, Market Place. Chippenham R. F. Houlston, High Street. Cirencester A. T. Hammer, Market Place. Devizes Hurhy & Pearson, St. John Street. Marlborough Miss E. Lucy, High Street. Oxford Jas. Parker & Co., Broad Street. Salisbury Brown & Co., Canal. Trowbridge G. W. Rose, 66, Fore Street. Warminster B. W. Coates, Market Place. HURRY & PEARSON, MACHINE PRINTERS, DEVIZES. No. LXXXV. JUNE, 1896. Vol. XXYIII. THE WILTSHIRE Irrjjitologiral unit Jiattmil lislorq MAGAZINE, Pufcltsijett xnxtstv fyz SBtmttan OF THE SOCIETY FORMED IN THAT COUNTY, A.*D. 185 3. EDITED BY REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett. DEVIZES : Printed and sold for the Society by Hurry & Pearson, St. John Street. Price, with Catalogue of S tour head Collection, Us. 6A ; NOTICE TO MEMBERS. TAKE NOTICE, that a copious Index for the preceding eight volumes of the Magazine will be found at the end of Vols, viii., xvi., and xxiv. Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society for the current year, are requested to remit the same forthwith to the Financial Secretary, Mr. David Owen, 31, Long Street, Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply of Magazines should be addressed. The Numbers of this Magazine will be delivered gratis, as issued, to Members who are not in arrear of their Annual Subscrip- tions, but in accordance with Byelaw No. 8 " The Financial Secretary shall give notice to Members in arrear, and the Society's publications will not be forwarded to Members whose Subscriptions shall remain unpaid after such notico." All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre- taries : H. E. Medlicott, Esq., Sandfield, Potterne, Devizes ; and the Rev. E. H. Gtoddard, Clyffe Yicarage, Wootton Bassett. A resolution has been passed by the Committee of the Society, " that it is highly desirable that every encouragement should be given towards obtaining second copies of Wiltshire Parish Registers." THE SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS. To be Obtained of Mr. D. Owen, 31, Long Street, Devizes. THE BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. SMITH, M A. One Volume, Atlas 4to, 248 pp., 17 large Maps, and 110 Woodcuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 2 s. One copy offered to each Member of the Society, at £1 lis. 6d. THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8 vo. 504 pp., with map, Extra Cloth. By the Rev. T. A. Preston, M.A. Price to the Public, 16*. ; but one copy offered to every Member of the Society at half-price. CATALOGUE OF THE SOCIETY'S LIBRARY AT THE MUSEUM. Price 3.?. 6d. ; To Members, 2s. 6d. APPENDIX No. I, 3d. CATALOGUE OF WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS IN THE SOCIETY'S COLLECTION. Price 6d. BACK NUMBERS OF THE M AGAZINE. Price 5s. 6d. and 3*. 6d, (except in the case of a few Numbers, the price of which is raised.) A reduction, however, is made to Members taking several copies. STONEHENGE AND ITS BARROWS, by W. Long. Nos. 46-7 of the Magazine in separate wrapper, 7s. 6d. This still remains the best and most reliable account of Stonehenge and its Earthworks. GUIDE TO THE STONES OF STONEHENGE, with Map, by W. Cunnington, F.G.S. Price 6d. WILTSHIRE— THE TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS OF JOHN AUBREY, F.R.S., A.D. 1659-1670. Corrected and Enlarged by the Rev. Canon J. E. Jackson, M.A., F.S.A. In 4to, Cloth, pp. 491, with 46 Plates. Price £2 10*. INDEX OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL PAPERS. The alphabetical Index of Papers published in 1891, 1892, 1893, aud 1894, by the various Archaeological and Antiquarian Societies throughout England, compiled under the direction of the Congress of Archaeological Societies. Price 3d. each. THE BIRDS OF WILTSHIRE. Oue Volume, 8vo, 613 pp., Extra Cloth. ?v thfi Rev. A. C. Smith. M.A. Price reduced to 10a-. 6d. THE WILTSHIRE atrjiKnlngiral anil lateral listatij MAGAZINE. No. LXXXV. JUNE, 1896. Vol. XXVIII. Contents page Account of the Forty-Second General Meeting at Corsham... 279 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries : by the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A 288 Notes on Places Visited by the Society in 1895 : by Harold Brakspear, A.R.I.B.A 319 Notes on Corsham Church : by C. H. Talbot 334 Notes on Lacock Church : by C. H. Talbot 342 Wilts Obituary 353 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles . 356 Additions to Museum and Library 365 ILLUSTRATION. Chapel Plaister— Plan and Details 332 DEVIZES :— Hurry & Pearson, 4, St. John Street. LHIHST.JIW vxzx ) wo gaToH THE WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE. "MULTOEUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUK ONUS." — Ovid. JUNE), 1896. THE FORTY-SECOND GENERAL MEETING OF THE SEtltsfjtre Penological antr Natural fgfetorg Soctetg, HELD AT CORSHAM, July 31.s^, August 1st and 2nd, 1895. Sir H. Bruce Meux, Bart., President of the Society, WEDNESDAY, JULY 31st. HE GENERAL MEETING, held in the Town Hall at 3 o'clock, was but sparsely attended. In the absence of the President Mr. E. C. Lowndes took the chair, and after opening the proceedings shortly, called on Mr. Medlicott to read the Report (printed in the Est number of the Magazine), the adoption of which was moved by iMr. C. H. Talbot and seconded by Mr. Mayo. The re-election of the Officers of the Society having been moved by Capt. Gladstone md seconded by Col. Northey, the proceedings terminated with a vote of thanks to the Chairman. The Members present then pro- ceeded to the CHURCH, which still retains a great deal of interest in spite of the sweeping alterations effected at the " restoration " by Mr. Street, when the central tower was removed and a new one 3rected on the south side. Mr. Talbot, whoso knowledge of the Church dated from before these alterations, performed tho duties of Isicerone admirably, pointing out and explaining everything of nterest. He expressed his strong disapproval of the destruction . VOL. XXVIII. NO. LXXXV, X 280 The Forty-Second General Meeting. of tho central tower, and the consequent altering of the whole character of the Church, though — as he remarked — it ought in justice to the late Mr. Street to be said that he was at first adverse to the idea of carrying out this alteration, but was induced subse- quently by those who formed the restoration committee to abandon i his opposition. From this point the party walked to the picturesque group of ALMSHOUSES bearing the arms of Sir Edward Hungerford and his wife, Margaret Halliday, and the date 1668. The arrangement I of the buildings at the back, with a long penthouse resembling a cloister opening into a series of tiny walled gardens — one for each house- — irresistably reminds one of the arrangement of the great »! Carthusian houses on the Continent. The hall-chapel, too, is singularly interesting, retaining, as it does, its finely-carved oak gallery, and other fittings, seats round the walls, and pulpit with an oaken hand to serve as candlestick — all of them contemporary with the building itself, though the pulpit looks as if it had once stood on a pedestal. Unfortunately the occupier of the COURT was unable to receive the Society, but by the kindness of Sir John Dickson Poynder \ tea was provided at HARTHAM, and the Members, conveyed thither in carriages, spent a very pleasant hour in wandering through the house, the gardens, and the greenhouses, returning to Corsham for the ANNIVERSARY DINNER, which was held at the Methuen Arms. At this the President of the Society, Sir Henry Bruce Meux, Bart., took the chair. The speeches were of no great length, and after dinner the party adjourned to the Town Hall, for the evening Meeting, the room, a fine spacious one, having been nicely decorated with palms and foliage plants kindly sent for the purpose from Hartham. The President, having taken the chair, called upon Mr. W. Heward Bell, who apologised for not having had time to prepare a paper on the geology of Corsham, owing to recent all-absorbing events. He however said a few words on the subject, giving a general sketch of the nature and extent of the beds from which the famous freestone is extracted. The Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark followed with a paper on the Thursday, August 1st. 281 ' Suppression of the Monastic Houses of Wiltshire," full of valuable i iterial, which will be found at a later page of the Magazine. The ■itnpany — which numbered thirty-one — then dispersed. THUESDAY, AUGUST 1st. The central attraction of this day's excursion was CASTLE COMBE, • lere the number of Members was larger than at any other point ( the route, between fifty and sixty sitting down to the luncheon, ! generously given by Mr. Lowndes in a tent pitched in his '♦autiful grounds. But, though Castle Combe was the central • int, the whole route was full of objects of interest, to a great • tent quite unknown to dwellers in other parts of Wiltshire, i arting from the Town Hall at 9.30, the first stoppage was at ; IELDON, now and probably for two centuries past a farm-house, hit once one1 of the manors of Chippenham and the seat of the iscelyne family. The very remarkable porch of the original '. »use, of late thirteenth century date, with its vaulted roof and \rvise over it, still remains intact, though it shows dangerous tapis of decay in the upper part of the walls. It is greatly to be bped that this singularly interesting example of domestic Gothic -in its kind almost unrivalled in the County of Wilts, may receive ; Le attention and care that it certainly merits before its condition Bcomes worse than it is at present. The little private Chapel of te fifteenth century — now degraded to a stable — is also an unusual :ature in Wiltshire. From this the carriages proceeded past the remains of Sir Gilbert rynne's house at ALLINGTON, now converted into a barn, and the 3ry picturesque front of BULIDGE HOUSE, to YATTON KEYNELL. [ere the CHURCH was first visited, the most notable features of vhich are the tower with its panelled upper story, the west porch, ad the fine stone chancel screen. The party afterwards strolled irough the rectory garden with its quaint little eighteenth century immer-house of brick, similar to others at Bulidge and elsewhere 1 this neighbourhood, and then walked down to the MANOR HOUSE, ie front of which — dated 1659, is singularly pleasing in design, rom this point the carriages drove to CASTLE COMBE, where they x 2 282 The Fori [//-Second General Meeting. landed the party close to the market cross, which gives such an 1 unusual character to the village. The CHURCH was thoroughly I 1 inspected under the guidance of Mr. Brakspear, who acted as J 1 cicerone throughout the day. The tower — a very beautiful one— | a was happily left untouched at the "restoration," when the screens J o were swept away, and the present poor rose window over the | f< chancel arch was recklessly substituted for the original five or six-light window of entirely different character. A few of the > | Members ascended the tower and were amply repaid, not so much tr f by the view of the village and valley, though that is worth seeing, i as by the nearer sight of the charming little spire which crowns the , \ stair- turret and still contains a small mediaeval bell. Nothing more a graceful than this was to be seen during this whole excursion. The MANOR HOUSE and its grounds occupying a position which is cer-i t tainly unique among Wiltshire residences for the natural beauty of ' j its surroundings, was thrown open in the most hospitable way by I Mr. Lowndes. The gardens, the pannelling, the pictures, and the i i many other objects of interest in the house itself, the group of f Roman architectural fragments from North Wraxall, preserved ! on the lawn, the large sarcophagus from the same place, and the bell-turret from the Church of Biddeston St. Peter's, destroyed inij 1840, were all inspected before it was time to sit down to the 9 sumptuous lunch to which Mr. Lowndes had invited the Society I in a tent erected on the lawn. On its conclusion Mr. Lowndes j was warmly thanked by the President, Sir H. B. Meux, in the<| name of the Society, for his hospitality. Entering the carriages again the route lay through the beautiful j park up to the old Roman Road from Cirencester to Bath — the i FOSSWAY — close to which stands the remarkable cromlech known I as LUGBURY, the top stone of which was fallen and in its present i! condition in Aubrey's time. Only two of its upright supports] remain, though it probably once had more. It stands at one end j of a long barrow, much reduced in height by long-continued i ploughing (now happily forbidden), of which it seems probable .j that it may once have formed the sepulchral chamber. Mr. Lo\vndes gave the history of its exploration by Sir Richard Colt Thursday, August 1st. 283 Hoare and subsequently by Mr. Scrope. From this point the Members walked along the lane, which is said to be an ancient British trackway, to the junction of the Sherston, Littleton Drew, j and Alderton Roads, where the carriages again met them and went I on to NETTLETON CHURCH, which is full of interest, the noble tower with panelled belfry stage and perforated slabs in the belfry windows giving it a very rich appearance. This and the north porch are the most conspicuous external features, whilst internally the Norman font, the stone pulpit (entered by a special staircase in the wall), and more especially the nave arcade, the capitals of which are a kind of imitation Norman, of fourteenth century date, are worthy of notice. WEST KINGTON CHURCH, the next place visited, has another tower of the same type as Yatton Keynell and Nettleton — with 1 panelled belfry stage — a type elsewhere rare in Wiltshire. The Church itself has been re-built, and the only thing of special interest is the pulpit of oak, from which Bishop Latimer preached. Proceeding down the steep side of the combe to the village below, I on foot, the party again joined the carriages and drove on to NORTH . WRAXALL CHURCH, where a fine Norman doorway (with a modern figure in the centre of the tympanum) and a curious heraldic pedigree on the ceiling of the Methuen Chapel of 1795 are among the chief objects of interest. From here the road lay through the remarkably beautiful scenery about Ford — with a distant view of j Bury Camp—to BIDDESTON, where the CHURCH, with its Norman ! doorway and font and picturesque bell-turret, was inspected before I the party adjourned to the MANOR HOUSE, where they were most j kindly received by Mr. and Mrs, Blake, tea being laid out in the j hall, and the whole of the house, with its fine panelled rooms and i fireplaces, of the seventeenth century, thrown open to the visitors. ' Before leaving Mr. Medlicott expressed the thanks of the Society I to the host and hostess for this unexpected and much-appreciated hospitality. j Corsham was reached about 7 o'clock, after as pleasant a day, ! perhaps, as the Society has ever spent. The weather was lovely— I it was neither too hot nor too cold ; the times had been excellently II 284 The Porty- Second General Meeting. arranged, so that there was no undue hurry ; Castle Combe was looking its Lest ; the deep combes and steep hill-sides of the country about West Kington and North Wraxall, so unlike the rest of Wiltshire, was a surprise to many who had never seen this corner of the county before ; the Churches displayed a considerable variety of architecture ; and the old houses were exceptionally numerous i! and interesting. At the evening meeting, at 8. 30, there was again a somewhat small attendance — twenty-eight being presentwhenMit.C.H. Talbot p read his paper on " Eecent Discoveries at Lacock Abbey," which I was admirably illustrated by a beautiful series of photographs taken j by Mr. Sidney Brakspear — so that the whole work of discovering j and unblocking the chapter-house door and windows, &c, &c, went 1 on step by step before the eyes of the andience ; and the loving [ care with which the owner of Lacock Abbey treats the building | was abundantly manifested. At the conclusion Mr. H. E. Medlicott, who presided — thel President having left during the afternoon — moved a very hearty j vote of thanks to the Local Committee for the very kind way in j which the Society had been received at Corsham, and especially tot Mr. II. Brakspear, the Local Secretary, upon whom the whole! brunt of the arrangements had fallen; to Mr. Lowndes for his? hospitality and also for the many other ways in which he had taken J much trouble to make the Meeting a success ; and to Sir J. Dickson ; Poynder, Bart., M.P., for his kindness in lending a break and pair1 of horses to the Society both on Wednesday and Thursday, and for the hospitality offered to the Members at Hartham on Wednesday afternoon. Mr. Bell seconded the vote of thanks ; which was> responded to by Mr. Mayo and Mr. Brakspear, on behalf of thei Local Committee. FRIDAY, AUGUST 2nd. Leaving the Town Hall at 9.15 the first stoppage was at LACOCK, j where the grand fourteenth century BARN of the Abbey was in- • spected before the party moved on to the CHURCH. Here Mr. |j Talbot read some notes on the building and afterwards showed ' Friday, August 2nd. 285 the Members round, pointing out and explaining the many points of interest in this interesting and unusual Church. After some of the many remarkable bits of domestic work in the village had been noticed a move was made to the ABBEY, over which the visitors were conducted by the owner, who pointed out the remarkable discoveries made in the cloisters during the recent works of repara- tion, the thirteenth century doors and windows of the chapter- j house, and the lavatory and its curious frescoes. Having seen the Abbey thoroughly — including the two fine stone tables, one in the \ muniment room and the other in the chamber above it in the corner j tower — the party left, after according a hearty vote of thanks to ; Mr. Talbot for the admirable way in which he had performed the ; duties of cicerone, both here and elsewhere during the Meeting. ! Unhappily at this point a heavy thunderstorm began, which lasted \ more or less for a couple of hours. This caused WICK FARM and j its fifteenth century barn to be cut out of the programme, and the ; carriages made all possible speed to LYPIATS, and the shelter of the ' luncheon tent, erected there by the kindness of Mr. Fuller, who, 1 with Mrs. Fuller, joined the party at this point. During lunch the • rain descended in torrents, and things looked so bad that most of ] the Members had almost decided to make the best of their way to j the railway, when, the clouds beginning to lift, less despondent | counsels prevailed, and the carriages were once more filled for the carrying out of the remaining items on the programme. The visit « to Jaggards House having been cut out, CHAPEL PLAISTER was j the point first made for. This little building had only been opened :| for service three weeks before the Society's visit, having been re- paired most judiciously and furnished with the simple fittings . necessary at the cost of £169. In future it will be used as a hamlet chapel of the parish of Box. Previously it had been for centuries \ put to base uses, as a bakehouse and a stable, but the walls remained ' for the most part uninjured, with the very curious niche over the j entrance — supposed to have been intended to hold a lantern which i should show a light down the hill to direct pilgrims on their way to Glastonbury to this little hospice erected for their shelter. The Rev. J. Spooner, Curate of Box, through whose exertions this 286 The Forty- Second General Meeting. extremely interesting building lias been rescued, is to be congratu- | latcd most heartily on the way in which the work has been ac- 1 complished. A short drive further took the party to what must formerly havef been the stately mansion of HAZELBURY HOUSE. The occupier, ! Mr. Fry, very kindly allowed the Members to wander all over it,l : and to inspect the finely-carved stone mantelpiece in the upper }! room of the detached building — formerly the Dower House?—! now occupied as a cottage close to the great house. The fine 4 garden walls, the gate pillars surmounted with the arms of Speke, and the grouping of the buildings that remain, give Hazelbury an ■if imposing appearance still, though the house was originally probably | at least three times its present size. On arrival at BOX the first thing to be done was to inspect a J small piece of Roman tessellated pavement lately uncovered m\\ Miss Burgess's garden, after which the CHURCH was visited, i;' This, as it at present exists, is a remarkable example of the an- 1 restored Church crowded with galleries, one of which is approached ;'' in an original manner by a staircase through the west window of the north aisle ! The greatest stickler for the preservation of 1| ancient monuments would hardly drop a tear over the disappearance fl of these galleries, but if the question of the removal of the central j tower was the rock upon which the negotiations for restoration split j some years ago — then having the example of Corsham as a warning j before their eyes — archaeologists can hardly help rejoicing that as j yet, at all events, no such scheme of " restoration," falsely so called, . has been carried out. DITTERIDGE CHURCH, the next point at which a stoppage was | made, with its fine Norman doorway, font, and early Norman i: lancet windows, is full of interest to the student of architecture. Here Mr. Brakspear read notes on the building prepared by j Mr. Ponting. Within a very short distance is the fine old resi- \ dence of CHENEY COURT, with three beautiful fireplaces in the upper rooms, the whole house being most kindly thrown open to 3 the Society by the temporary occupants. A short drive further brought the party to the Dower House of Cheney Court, known as Friday, August 2nd. 287 COLES FARM. This is a small example of the gabled mullioned house of the seventeenth century, of which so many exist in this i neighbourhood, but it contains in addition to a couple of good mantelpieces, &c, upstairs, a singularly beautiful and perfect room on the ground-floor, with its rich panelling and plaster ceiling of 1649 still remaining in an absolutely uninjured condition. Few more delightful rooms than this have ever been visited by the Society ; on a more modest scale it reminded one of the charms of Stockton, seen during the Warminster Meeting in 1893. The house j itself is dated 1648. With the tea most kindly and hospitably provided here by Mr. and Mrs. Morres the Meeting of 1895 I practically came to an end, and the party broke up, some of the Members proceeding to catch the train at Box, and others driving home to Corsham. Considering the Meeting as a whole, it will be allowed by those j who took part in it that, though previous programmes have had a more attractive look, few have proved more really interesting in the I carrying out. Castle Combe and Lacock are both places of unique j interest, and probably no district of Wiltshire of equal size with j that traversed during the two days' excursions could show anything | like the number of examples of good domestic architecture — a fact no doubt due to the excellent quality and abundance of the local ! building stone ; whilst the scenery through which great part of the excursions lay was such as many natives of Wiltshire would hardly \ give their county the credit of possessing within its borders. Though, owing perhaps especially to the fact that the General j Election was but just over, the numbers attending were somewhat i smaller than usual, the Meeting was nevertheless decidedly a success, | and for its success the Society is indebted to the gentlemen who so generously entertained the Members, to Mr. Talbot for his excellent j guidance, and most of all to the exertions of our Local Secretary, j Mr. H. Brakspear, who worked early and late to make the Corsham ; Meeting one to be remembered amongst the many pleasant and instructive Meetings that the Society has enjoyed in recent years. ' Not the least satisfactory thing about it is the fact thai a, balanoe I of £26 was handed over to the Society's exchequer by the Local 288 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries. Committee after the expenses had been paid — a result largely due to the hospitality which the Members enjoyed at the hands of Mr. Lowndes and Mr. Fuller, and to Sir J. Dickson Poynder's very generous and helpful loan of a break for the excursions. %\t Jfall of tjjc Militia ^mmitxm! By the Rev. W. Gilcheist Clark, M.A. HE period covered by the process of destruction of the religious houses in Wilts was the same as that over England generally — the short space of four years. In 1535 they were all standing, as yet untouched ; by the 15th December, 1539, not one was left. During this short space, however, a social and economic change (to say nothing at this time of the religious effect) was carried through, second only in importance — if, indeed, it be second — to the change produced in the fourteenth century by the ravages of the Black Death. The campaign against the religious houses began, as I have said, in 1535, but the preparations for it had been in progress ever since the fall of Wolsey, in 1529. Indeed it was that great churchman who first accustomed men's minds to the wholesale confiscation of religious property, when he suppressed S. Frideswide's, Oxford, and, as the articles of his impeachment say, " above thirty houses of * This paper, originally read at the Corsham Meeting, July, 1895, is now printed with illustrative documents, mostly from the Record Office, and pub- lished in the series of " Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Reign of Henry VIII.," referred to subsequently as "Letters and Papers." My chief indebtedness is to Fr. Gasquet's "Henry VIII. and the Monasteries," and Dixon's " History of the Church of England after the Abolition of the Papal Supremacy " ; while I have to thank A. Story Maskelyne, Esq., of H.M. Record Office, for much help in verifying references, and for transcripts of several documents. By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 289 religion," to found and endow his new Cardinal College (now Christ Church) at Oxford, and his school at Ipswich. Cromwell came to power on Wolsey's fall, and at once began to work for the purpose which he had set before himself, i.e., the unification of England by prostrating it in personal subjection at the foot of the throne : to which was now of necessity added the duty of replenishing Henry's treasury, exhausted by the profuse magnificence of his court. Both these objects would be served by the dissolution of the monasteries ; for, as long as they existed, they served as a stronghold (far more than did the secular clergy) of the Papal influence, and thus hindered the absolute personal supremacy of the King ; while the confiscation of their goods would bring into the King's coffers a sum amounting on a reasonable estimate to £320,000, or eight seventy-fifths of the whole revenue of the kingdom. The plan of attack which Cromwell proposed (for I cannot resist the conclusion that the scheme was due to his inventive genius) was to proceed on strictly constitutional lines. No sudden revolution was to be attempted, no armed force to be employed. Legislation was the means adopted, and the first legislation was passed in 1533 in the Acts for Restraint of Appeals to Rome, for the Restraint of Annates, concerning Peter Pence and Dispensations, and for the Submission of the Clergy. These made the declaration of the King's supremacy, not as of a new principle, but as of one which had always existed, but had been obscured by the usurped pretensions of the Bishops of Rome. By the Act concerning Peter Pence the right of visitation of monasteries, which had in large part vested only in the Pope or his legate, was transferred to the King. This gave Cromwell the constitutional guise which he desired for his act of spoliation. The next step was to appoint Cromwell Vicar- Greneral in matters ecclesiastical, and the preparations were complete. In January, 1535, commissions were made out for ascertaining " the true value of the firstfruits and tenths of all sees and benefices," and the result was what we now know as the " Valor Ecclesiasticus," giving the value of the possessions of all religious, both regular and secular, at that date. It is interesting to observe that in the interval 290 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries. which had elapsed since the Taxation of Pope Nicholas, in 1290 — the last general valuation of the property possessed by religious bodies in England — while the revenue of the kingdom had trebled, the share of the religious had only increased by 50 per cent., so that they held only half as large a portion in England in 1535 as they had done in 1290. Taking as a Wiltshire example the property of the Abbey of Lacock, we find that in 1290 the whole possessions were valued at £101 12s. ±d., while in 1535 they were worth £203 12s. S^d., or almost exactly double, showing that in this case the increase in value was somewhat above the average. The spoils having been thus surveyed beforehand, the visitors of of the King were to be sent to make their reports. But before we follow these gentlemen in their peregrinations it may be well to remind ourselves of the number, order, and value of the various monasteries in Wiltshire as they were in 1535 : — A. — In the great order of Benedictines, or Black Monks, we have : — 1. Malniesbury, with twenty-four inmates, and £803 17s. 7d. annual income. And of the reformed branch of Benedictines, the Cluniacs : — 2. Monkton Farley Priory, six inmates, £217 0s. 4o?. income. Of nuns of this order : — 3. Amesbuiy1, thirty-four inmates, £553 10s. 2d. income. 4. Wilton, twelve inmates, £652 lis. od. income. 5. Kington S. Michael, three inmates, £38 3s. lOd. income. B. — Of the Cistercians, or White Monks, we have : — 6. Kingswood2, fifteen inmates, £254 5s. lOd. income. 7. Stanley, ten inmates, £222 19s. 4d. income. C. — Of Black or Austin Canons : — 8. Bradenstoke, fourteen inmates, £270 10s. 8d. income. 9. Maiden Bradley, eight inmates, £197 18s 8d. income. 1 Belonging to the "congregation" of Fontevrault. 2 This, though now reckoned in Gloucestershire, was formerly a detached portion of Wiltshire. By the Rev, W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A, 291 10. Ivyohuroh, fivo inmates, £133 0$. 7d. income. [Longleat, a very small foundation of this order, had a few years previously boon appropriated to Hinton Charterhouse.] Of Austin Canonesses : — 11. Laeock, seventeen inmates, £2(Y<) 12s. 3d. income. To these we must add : — 12. The "Hospital" of EdingtonSthirteen inmates, £52 1 I2s.5d. income. 1). — Of White Canons, or Premonstratcnsians, there are no Wiltshire examples, hut we have a house of Trinitarian Canons at: — 13. Easton, two inmates, £55 14s. b/. income. E. — Of the only order of native origin, that of tin4 ( Jilbertines, j originally intended for men and women in the same house, but, by this time almost all male foundations, there are two houses: — 14. Poulton, three inmates, £20 2d. income. 15. Marlborough S. Margaret, five inmat es, £38 1 9s. 2c?. income. Giving a total for the county of fifteen religious houses, one hundred and seventy-one inmates, and £41SiJ 19s. 9d. annual income.2 It has generally been thought that the visitation of monasteries began with the universities (for they were considered religious foundations), in October, 1585, but the letters which I shall quote provo quite evidently that it began in a. small way in the West of England (tho first record I can find boing at Worcester, July 8 1 si). The reason for this is perhaps that the King seems fco have been engaged upon a royal progress in these parts at that time, and Drs. Layton and Legh, the two ohief visitors, were sent out on trial, as it were, in the neighbourhood, to see whether they could obtain tho kind of report that was needed. When this was made 1 Tho only houso in England of that branch of Austin Canons called " Bon- hommcs." Tho yearly values arc mostly taken from the Monasticon, the number of inmates boing gathered from the pension lists and the report mentioned in Appendix A. 2<)2 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries. clear, they woro sent to the universities, and afterwards on wider j ourneys. Of these two worthies, Layton and Legh, while the former seems to have been a man of coarse tastes and a great appetite for the nasty, he was more good-natured in a rough sort of way than his colleague, who was proud, cold, and unbending, disliked as well by his associates as by those whom he visited. Let us first follow Layton. He writes from Bath, August 7th, that he finds the Prior of Farley (cell to Lewes) a man of bad moral character, and the rest of the convent in the same condition : and ends his letter with an amusing account of the relics, whether at Bath or Farley is not quite clear : — 1 " Hit may plase yor goodness to understonde that we have visit Bathe wheras we fownde the Prior a ryght vertuouse man and I suppos no better of his cote a man simple and not of the gretiste wite. His monkes worse then I have any fownde yet .... The howse well repared but foure hundreth powndes in dett. At Farley sell to Lewys .... the trewthe is a vara stewys .... both there and at Lewys and specially ther the supprior, as apperith by the confession of a faire young monke a preste late sent from Lewys. I have matter sufficient here fownde (as I suppos) to bryng the Prior of Lewys into gret daingier (si vera sint que narrantur). By this bringer my servant I sendeyou Vinculo, sancti Petri wiche women of this countrey uside always to sende for in tempore partus to put abowte them to have thereby short deliverance and withoute perile, a gret relike here cowntede bycause the patrone of the Church is of saynt Peter. Juge ye what ye liste, but I suppos the thyng to be a vara mokerie and a gret abuse that the Prior one Lammas day shulde carie the same chaine in a basyn of silver in procession and evere monke to kysse the same post evan- gelium with gret solemnite and reverans haveyng therefor no maner thyng to shewe howe they came fyrste unto hit, nother haveyng therof in writyng. Ye shall also receve a gret komee callid Mari Magdalenes kome. Saint Dorothes komee, Sainte Margarettes kome the leste. They cannot tell howe they came by them nother hath any thyng to shewe in writyng that they be relykes. Whether ye wyll sende them agayne or not I have referide that to your jugement, and to the kynge's pleasure. This day we depart from Bath towardes Kensam whereas we shall make an ynde by tewsday at nyght. Whether hit shal be your pleasure that we shall repaire unto yowe on Wedynsday erly or that we shall retorne towardes Maiden Bradley within ii. miles wherof is a Chartorehowse callede Wittame and Bruton Abbay vii. milles from that, and Glassenberie other vii. mylles, what your pleasure shal be in the premissis, hit may please yowe to assartaine us by this berer my servant. " The Prior of Bathe hath sent unto yowe for a tokyn a leisse of yrisshe laners 1 Letters and Papers, Hen. VIII., ix., 42, By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, 3I.A. 293 rede in a selle of his in Yrelonde, no hardier hawkes cane be as he saith. Thus pray God to sende yowe as well to fare as your hert desierith. From Bathe lis Monday by your assuride poire preste and servant "Ye shall recevea bowke of our lades miracles well able to mache the Canterberis lilies, such a bowke of dreines as ye never sawe wiche I founde in the librarie. "Rychakde Layton. " If 3Te tary with the Kynge's grace viii. dais, we shall dispache all t he bowses fore recietede. " Calamo velocissimo" Again, he writes from Bristol, August 24th : — -1 " Pleasit your mastershipe to understonde, that yesternyght late we came from Grlassynburie to Bristowe to Saint Austins, whereas we begyn this mornyng, intending this day to dispache bothe this howse here, being but xiiij. chanons, md also the Gawntes, wheras be iiij. or v. By this bringar, my servant, I sende 7 owe relyqwis, fyrste, two flowres wrappede in white and blake sarcenet, that one Christynmas evyn hora ipsa qua Christus natus fuerat will spring and jburgen and bere blossoms quod expertum este, saith the prior off Maden ;Bradeley ; ye shall also receve a bage of reliquis, wherein ye shall se strangeis fchynges, as shall appere by the scripture, as, Godes cote, Our Lades Smoke, iParte of Godes supper in cena Domini, Pars petre super qua natus erat Jesus \in Bethelem. belyke there is in Bethelem plentie of stones and sum quarrie, iand makith ther mangierres off stone. The scripture of evere thyng shall declare | yowe all : and all thes of Maden Bradeley, whereas is an holy father prior, and hath but vj. children, and but one dowghter mariede yet of the goodes of the monastrie, trysting shortly to mary the reste "I send yowe also our Lades gyrdell of Bruton, rede silke, wiche is a solemne 'reliquie sent to women travelyng, wiche shall not miscarie in partu. I sende lyowe also Mare Magdalen's girdell, and that is wrappyde and coveride with ! white, sent also with gret reverence to women traveling wiche girdell Matilda j thempresse, fownder of Ferley, gave unto them, as saith the holy father of Ferley. I have crosses of silver and golde, sum wiche I sende yow not now bycause I have mo that shalbe delivered me this nyght by the prior of Maden Bradeley ) hymself. To morow erly in the mornyng I shall bring yow the reste, when I j have recevide all and perchaunce I shall fynde sumthyng here. In casse ye depart i this day, hit may please yowe to sende me worde by this bringer, my servant, ; wiche way I shall repaire after yowe. Witham the Chartarhowse hath professide and done althynges accordyng as I shall declare yow at large tomorowe erly. j At Bruton and Glasenburie there is no thing notable ; the brethren be so strait 1 keppide that they cannot offende, but faine they wolde if they myght, as they I confesse, and so the faute is not in them. From Sainte Austines withoute ! Bristowe, this saint Bartilmews day, at iiij. of the cloke in the mornyng, by : the spedy hande of your moste assurede poir preste, " Rychakde Layton." 1 Letters and Papers, ix„ 168. 294 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries. If we turn now to the other chief visitor of Wilts, Dr. Legh, we1 find him writing to Cromwell from Lacock, August 20th, tc complain of Layton's conduct, in giving permission to the heads oi convents to leave the precincts, which he (Legh) had forbidden : — 1 " After my due and moste hartie commendacions, please it your mastership to be advertised, that whereas I have in all the places that I have ben at, according b to myne instructions and to the kinges graces pleasure and yours, restrayned as 1 ftf well the heddes and masters of the same places as the brethern from going foorth | lai of the precincte of the said places, which I adsure you greveth the said heddes ( sit not a litle, as ye shall well perceive by thinstant sutes that they shall make to the { it kinges grace and to you. It hathe been reported unto me sens my comyng toUl W theis parties, that Mr. doctour Laitone hathe not doon the same in the places | it where he hathe ben, but. licenced the heddes and masters to goo abrode, which 1 ye I suppose maketh the brethern to grudge the more, whan they see that they be \ f worse entreated than their master, which hath professed the same rule that they \ ol have. Wherefor, to thintent that an uniformitie maye be observed amongest us "I i in all our procedinges, it maye please your mastershipp other to commaunde Mr. \ t doctour Laytone to geve the same injuncions where he goeth and hath ben that ■ jj 1 I have geven in the places aforesaid, in which case yf ye see reasonable causes ; i wherefor ye shulde release the same injunctions in some places ye maye at all | tymes ; or els to advertise me of your pleasure therein, that I may confourme \ myself to the same, and direct my proceedings after one weye with you. Sir, yf in ye go to Oxforde shortly, as ye ones intended, this bringer is a man of good I experience and intelligence there and can declare you the state of the Universitie j very well. Thus knoweth Allmightie God, who have your mastership in his if: blessed tuicion. From Laycok the xxth of Auguste. " Yours ever assureyt, ( " Thomas Legh." f Cromwell had apparently replied by giving Legh leave to let the | heads go abroad, at his discretion ; but to exercise this power was very far from Legh's mind, and he specially desired to have no such licence, in order that those who wished to leave the precincts of their monasteries should have to apply to Cromwell himself, the application, of course, to be accompanied by a present for the all- powerful minister. Accordingly he writes : — 1 " After my dewe commendations to your good maistershipp, please it you to be advertised that I have receyved youre gentill and loving lettres, yn which ye wolde that at my discretion I may licence the heddis for their necessary busynes and affaires to go furth of theire monasteries in suyche discrete maner and fourme as no brute may be made thereof. Sir, it was not myne entent in my 1 Letters and Papers, ix. 138. 1 Letters and Papers, ix., 265. By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 295 ettres to have any autoritie to dispense with the saide heddis in this case, bat s in tyines past so I doo yet think it very necessary that they have not libertie o soone after their inductions, partely because it will be some occasion to hink the other may as well be broke, and partely because their inferiors shall . hink that they have no litell injury so to be bounden, and their hed which hath >rofessid the same religion, and shulde be in all hardenes as a lanterne and sample to theym, thus to be losid. Besides this, if ye had withdrawen your land a while herein, they shuld have had gret occasion to seke uppon the kinges :avour and yours, and so it might have lyen in your handes to gratifie theym iaily to their great hartys ease and your no litell commoditie. And also dyvers )ther causes there be as ye shall knowe by the compertes in this visitation, why •m t is not expedient as yet, that some of theym shuld have suych libertie Wherfore, notwithstonding your gentill licence given to me in this behalf, I entende to release none before that I speke with your maistership, or els that ye send me stray te commaundement so to doo. Praying you hartely that ye well consider whome ye send to the universities of Oxford and Cambrige, where jother will be found e all vertue and goodness or els the fontayne of all vice and jmyschief, and if all be well orderid there, no dowte both God and the king shall be well servid in these affaires, and your maistershippes office well discharged. ' Thus I commit you to Allmightie God. From Willton, the thirde daie of Septembre. " Yours ever assureytt, "Thomas Legh." While this correspondence, however, was going on, the visitation of houses had been proceeding. Legh, with his colleague, John I Ap Eice, had visited Malmesbury Abbey, and had written an account of their " comperts " or matters to report there. This letter, unfortunately, appears to be lost, but we have another dated August 20th, from Lacock, in which he continues his report, dealing with Bradenstoke, Stanley, and Lacock : — 1 " After my due and right humble comendacions. Please it yo1 Mrship to be advertised of or procedings in thies parties. We have ben at Maumesburie wherof I have alredy advertised yor M'ship by my other lettres. And than at < Bradstock where after exact and diligent inquisicion we coulde not prove any cryme ageinst the Prior, but ij. or thre of the convent were found convict of incontinencie. At Stanley thabbot confessed incontinencie .... before he was abbot and vj. or vij. of the convent have confessed incontinencie. And nowe being in examinacion at Laycok as yet I can finde no excesses. And as for the howse it is in good state, and well ordered. Mr Docto1- dothe every where restraine as well the hedds as the brethern or susters from going forth and no women of what state so ever they be, to come withine rcligiouse mens houses, nor men to comme to religious womens houses, saiug it is yor pleasor. yor pacience not offended I thinke the same over straight, for many of thies 1 Letters and Papers, ix„ 139. VOL. XXVIII. — NO. LXXXV. II! 296 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries. houses standeth by husbandrie and all that rauste decaye or at the lestewise worse \ loked unto yf the heads may not goo and oversee it. The hedcle is also chosen a i person expert in temporalibus, to thentent that he maye be as a proctor for all | the rest in outwarde busynes and they being provided for by his meanes maye the quieter serve god, setting all their sollicitude for outwarde things on hym. Also he ought to be a person mortified to the worlde that shulde be elect to that 1 office, and so he is supposed by the lawe to be, that no outwarde busynes shulde corrupt hym. And all though divers of theym be founde to be otherwise, yet thordinarie maye allweys remedie that by amocion of hym from thoffice. "Also the moonks of Charterhouse devysed all the weys they might to kepe theym as ferre as they might from outwarde busynes And yet they were compelled to have a proctor that shulde be as their martha. And their Prior too for greter busynes to goo foorth. "And as touching thother poynt that nother noble women ne other shulde comme to Thabbots Table, nor noble men and Counsaillors or Officers of the house to thabbes table, let yor Mrship consider whether it be acceptable to all men or yet convenient. And yor Mrship ma37e also consider with yorself whether ye thinke it better, to geve theym those iniunctions and you to release theym as ye see cause and according to the qualities of the persons and places or els to alter or qualifie the said iniunctions as to yor highe wisdom shall seme most expedient. And thus almightie Jesu have yor good Mrship in his blessed keping. From Laycock the xx,h of August. In haste as ye see by my writing. • " Yor humble and faithfull servant, "John ap Rice." After leaving Lacock, Legh and his colleague visited Kington and Edington, calling on the way at Bruton, in Somerset, which had been visited hy Lay ton a few days previously.1 The abbot appears, not unnaturally, to have resented being visited again so soon, and some high words seem to have passed on the occasion which are referred to at a subsequent period. We then take up Ap Rice's letters again in one written from Edington, August 23rd or 24th, referring to Lacock, Kington, and Edington : — 2 "After my due and right humble commendacions. Please it yor Mrship to be advertised, that heretofor I have by my other lettres directed unto you and inclosed in my lettres directed to Mr Raph Sadler which I delivered to Thabbot of Malmes- burie to be conveyed unto you, certified yor Mrshipof orcomperts at Malmesbury Bradstock and Stanley. And nowe to advertise you of the rest that we have ben at. Soo it is that we founde no notable compertes at Laycok ; the house is very clene well repared and well ordered. And one thing I observed worthy thadvertisement here. The Ladies have their rule, thinstitutes of their religion 1 Letters and Papers, ix., 159. 2 lb., 160. By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, 31. A. 297 ind ceremonies of the same writen in the frenche tonge which they understand veil and are very perfitt in the same, albeit that it varieth from the vulgare frenche that is nowe used, and is moche like the frenche that the common Lawe is writen in. At Keyugton where there is but thre Ladies in the house we have ifounde ij convict of incontinencie. Thone whereof bicause she was under age of Ipxiiij, and not very desirous to continue in religion, Mr Doctor hath discharged. And one Dame Marie Denys,1 a faire yong woman of Laycok is chosen [Prioresse at Ky[rjgton afore]said. At Edyngton we found the Eector or Mr [to Ifoe a] man of good name and fame, but we founde all his bu [ . . . . |kano]nes for the moste part of male 2 fame, for they have everyone almost i confessed that they have doon amysse sence they were professed. And there we founde also one of the yongest .... which partely for lack of age, and jpartely for want of goodwill to continue in the religion is also discharged of I his cote. Sec hactenus. And as more shall occurre worthy thadvertisement III shall from tyme to tyme adcertayne yor Mrship, God willing, who have yor \ Mrship in his blessed tuicion. From Edyngton the xx[i]iijth of Auguste. " By yor humble and assuredly " faithfull servant John ap Rice." The last occasion on which we hear of Legh and his associate in I Wilts is at Wilton, on September 3rd, where he seems to have behaved very harshly to the abbess, imposing upon her and the convent vexatious regulations, of which she complains in a letter to Cromwell, dated September 5th : — 3 " After my due and humble comendacions to yorgood Mrship with like thankis for yor goodnes to my poore house in tymes paste many waies shewed, pleas it you to bee advertised that Mr Doctor Legh the kingis graces speciall visitor and yor depute in this behalf, visiting of late my house, hathe geven iniunction that not oonly all my Sisters, but I also shulde contynually kepe and abide wlin the precincte of my house, whiche commaundement I am right well contente w\ in regarde of myne owne parsone, if yor Mrship shall thinke it so expediente, but in consideration of thadmynystracion of myne office, and specially of this poore house which is in greate debt and requirethe moche reparacon and also whiche w^ute good husbandry is not like in long season to come forwarde, and in con- sideracion that the said husbandry can not bee by my poore iudgemente so well by an other overseer as by myne owne parsonne, yt maye pleas yor Mrship of yo1 goodnes to licence me being associate with oon or twoo of the sad and discrete Sistirs of my house to supervise abrode suche thingis as shalbe for the prouffite and commoditie of my house whiche thing though peradventure myght bee done by other, yet I ensure you that none will doo hit soo faithefully for my house prouffite as myne owne self. Assuring yo1' Mrship that it is not, nor shall 1 She died 1593 in Bristol, and was buried in the Church of the Gaunts, on the Green. {Wiltshire Collections, Aubrey Sf Jackson, p. 145.) 2 i.e., bad. :* Letters and Papers, ix., 280. Y 2 298 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries. be at any tymo hereafter my myend to lye furthe of my monasterye any nyght, Excepte by inevitable necessitie, I can not thene retorne home, With licence also if it shall pleas yor M'ship that any of my sisters, when theire father, mother, brother or sister or any such nye of their kyne come unto theym maye have licence to speke w* them in the hall in my presens or my prioresse and other two discrete Sistirs, whiche of yor goodnes if ye graunte unto us, we shall be yor contynuell bedswomen to almyghtie God for the contynuaunce and long preservacion of yor good Mrships prosperous estate. " Frome Wilton the vth day of Septembre. " Yor poore assured oratris Cecils Bodman, " Abbesse there." It is from Wilton, also, that on September 3rd Legh writes the letter referred to above (p. 294), in which he strongly disapproves of any relaxation such as Layton had granted, and Cromwell apparently approved. There are three letters which, though written later, yet refer to this period and partly to this visitation of Wiltshire, and may be considered here. In October of this year (1535) someone has complained to Cromwell of Legh's manner of conducting himself. Cromwell seems thereupon to have asked for an explanation, and here is the doctor's defence : — 1 " My dewtye in the humlyest maner to your mastership presupposyd ys to sygnyfye unto you the same that thys xxj daye of Octobre I have receyvyd your masterships letters whiche all thowgh yt war moche to my dyscumforte yet yt was more to my gret marvell who shuld insense yor mastership aftre suche faysyon or shuld make un to you any suche reporte w*owt any dysserte of my partye (as knoweth God) and I instantly desyre your mastership as I have doon ofte to geve no credans to no suche reports before ye knowe the trewthe therof, for I intend (God wyllyng) nor I pray God I lyve not to that daye, that I shall geve any cause that I shall dysseyve your expectacyon or opynyon, more of 3'our goodnes then of my dysserts consey vyd in me, and I thyncke you trust me better then to beleeve suche thyngs in me. For ye shall well be assuryd that I have nother hether toward nor ever shall hereafter doo in the Kings matters or yours ony other wyse beyng absent from you, but as I knowe God sees me, and as I wold doo and yff your mastership war present w* me at every acte. For God knoweth my hole procedyng hathe been and shall as maye moost atteyne to the glorye of God the honor of the Kings hyghnes and the full accomplyshement and effect of suche goodly and godly purposes as hys hyghnes and you hathe put me in trust and geven me auctoryte to doo, and yf I have offendyd your mastership in any thyng eyther by ignoraunce or by necligens or want of discretion (as I trust I have not doon, ne shall doo) I wold be wonderous sory for yt, and for 1 Letters and Papers, ix., 621. By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 299 delite, diligens, and good wyll, trewly to accomplysche yor pleasure shall never 'ant in me, nor in my harte, nor bodye, to doo you servyce in all thyngs and at 11 tymes knowyng my self unable therunto. But please you of yor goodnes to ccept me. And as towchyng my triumphaunte and sumtuous usage pretendyd un o you in sumtuous and gaye apparell and otherwyse, suerly I knowe no suche. ?or I have used (beyng your mynyster) myself no other wyse then I dyd before n apparell, and weere no garment but that I have worne in London these ij 'eres, and ware when I was last ther. Whiche I thowght in as moche as by -our meanys I had of the Kyng whiche ys an owld gowng of velvet, I thowght I uld not were yt at any tyme better then in hys gracys servyce and yours, vhyche yf I had knowen had greved any honest man wherby you shuld a ben lyscontentyd I wolde a ben sory to a woorne yt, but no thyng ys doon to soo jood a ende but sycophauntts and calumniators wyll take ytyll, and chieffly in me vhom they wold be glad to bryng out of your mastershyps favor, but I shall lesyre you as I dyd ever, to take me as ye fynde me, and put no mystrust in ne, untyll ye have occasyon whiche shall never be in me worthely by the grace )f God. And wl suche sober and gentyll meanys as I am well assured no man have cause to saye the contrary (the trewthe knowen) and behavyng my self wWt any rygor or any extremyte tyll any man (as knowethe God Who see me ' at every tyme and in every place. And as I wold yor mastership dyd) secludyng all respects and affections or pryvate lucre which I take God to recorde I dyd never use in thys matter, nor yet in no other publicke functyon intendyd ever to doo, and all thowgh your mastership lysensyd me by your letter to geve lybertye to the heddys, yet I never used yt but gave them lysans to seew to you for lysans to goo forthe, nor intend not to doo, and I shall wyshe that every jmau that serve you intendyd as hertely reformation as I doo, and to doo you itrew and dylygent servyce as you and God shall and maye judge of or mynds and deds, Then shuld you not have gret nede to care whom you put in trust in thys matter. And yet I certefye you agen ther ys no honest man that wyll complayne of my pretendyd lordly cowntynaunce nor rygorows dealyng led or mytygate by any respecte, whiche God knowe I never used ne wyll, as ye shall well perceyve at our next metyng, wher and then you shall knowe falsehoode , from trewthe, whiche I pray God ye ever maye. And iff you had towld me or please you to send me a letter how you wold have me to apparell my self, I wold | be glad to accomplysche your mynde in that as in all other thynge. And thus Ihu send you long lyfe to hys pleasure and thaccomplyshement of your moost gentyll herts desyre, knowlegyng my self unable to be your mynystre at any tyme, but of your goodnes, more then in any qualyte in me, yet trusty ng never i to geve you any occasyon to be ware whom you shall put in trust, but rather an example to them that you put in trust to serve God and you iustely aud trewly. • Wherfor I desyre you to consydre that I have and ever shall have a more inward , and deper respecte to yor trewe & stedfast harte toward me the[n] any offyce that even you shall put me For I wyll ever be yours assured as well in thoffice : and wtowte thoffyce as shall please you, yet shall I never geve you occasyon to j the contrary, I "At Thabby of Warden the xvjth daye of Octobre. " Yor8 ever assureyt Thomas Legh, D.L." " Veritas liberabit." The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries. Cromwell had, however, written at the same time to Ap Rice, blaming him for not having let him know of this conduct on Legh's part ; and here we have the other side of the picture in a letter of \ 't* the same date and written from the same place (Wardon Abbey, Bedfordshire) : — 1 " After my due and right humble commendacions Please it yor Mrship to be i advertised that I have this daie receved yor lettres by the which I doo apperceave \ that ye are not content with me for that I have not revealed unto you Mr Doctor i Leghes demeano1' proceedings & maner of going. Sr allthough I were divers I tymes mynded to be in hande with yor mvship for certain abuses & excesses which It I sawe in the same, as I thought it my duetie, yet divers causes did discorage ; and retract me from so doing. Firste I sawe howe litle the complaynts of other \ as of thabbot of Brueton where he used hymself, me thought, very insolentlie did succede at yor hands and thinking that his demeanor at Bradstock Stanley * and Edington where he made no lesse ruffeling with the hedds than he did at ] Brueton shulde of all lykelyhood come likewise to yov knowlege and yet sawe > nothing said unto hym therfor. And also supposyng that you considering howe he was one of theym that depraved me heretofore with yor mrship for no iuste cause but for displeasure which he have towards me for certain causes which I woll declare unto you at more leysure, wolde have thought all my reaporte by hym to procede of malice. And therfor because I wolde that the matier shulde have come to yor eares rather of other men than of me I spake of certain his abuses to divers of my companie nyghe about you, and called divers of my Fellowes yor servants at London to come with me and see all his procedings gesture and maner of going there at Westminster] and at Powlles. And myself being hyndered with you not long ago was affrayed to attempt suche an enterprise with you not being commaunded by you afore so to do leste he with his bolde excuse wherin he is I adsure you very redy wolde have overcome me being but of small audacitie specially in accusations wherunto I am nothing profoeuse of nature though the matier were never so trewe. I can prove by some that ye woll truste that I wolde have shewed you his demeanor but for that I was af ra}7ed that ye wolde have taken it to procede of malice. I loked all ways whan ye shulde have commaunded me to shewe you that for many tymes it happeneth that a man intending but well hath incurred displeasure by doing his duetie. Also I am fearefull I am not eloquent in accusations as some men be but nowe that ye commaunde me I dare boldely declare unto you that I thynke to be amysse in the said Mr Doctor and what I require in hym. Firste in his going he is too insolent & pompatique which because he went so at London in the face of all the worlde I thought ye had knowen and afore yo1' owne Face many tymes. Then he handleth the Fathers where he cometh very roughely and many tymes for small causes as thabbots of Brueton & Stanley, and Mr of Edington for not meting of hym at the doore whene they had no warnyng of his comyng. Also I require more modestie, gravitie and affiabilitie whiche wolde purchase hym more reverence than his owne setting foorth and satrapike countenaunce. 1 Letters and Papers, ix., 622. By the Mev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 301 " The man is yong and of intolerable elation of mynde. As concernyng his raking I think it excesseve in many things first for the election of the P'or of Coveutrie he toke xv]i, for the election lately at Bevall the Charterhouse xxn besides his costes vj1'. At Vale Eoyall xv1; beside his costes vju and his rewarde unknowen to me. And at Tarrent for the election xx1' beside his costes iiij1'. And because I knowe there by one Fissker that was sollicitor in that matier that yor plesure was he shulde have no lesse for Tarrent I thought he toke the other but according to yor pleasure. And surely he asketh no lesse for every election than xxh as of duetie which in myne opinion is to moche and above any dutie that ever was taken by any director heretofor. " Also in his visitations he refuseth many tymes his rewarde though it be competent, for that they offer hym so litle and maketh theym to sende after hym suche rewardesas may pleas hym, for surely religious men were never so affrayed. of Docto1' Alen as they be of h}7m, he useth such rough fasshion with theym. Also he hath xij men wayting on hym in a ly verey beside his owne brother which must be rewarded specially beside his other servants and that I thinke to grete a trayne to come to small houses withall. Howe moche he tofce at every house I am not p'vey but of fewe. And as for any licenses that he gave sen he cam foorth laste he gave none but to thabbot of Woborne untill he might come to you, and obteigne of j-ou a licence to go abrode. And in some things I suppose that he foloweth not yo1' instructions. As where I toke it that ye wolde have all those both men and women that were xxij yere olde and betwene that and xxiiij they shulde choyse whether they woll tarye or goo abrode. And he setts but religieuse men onlye at that libertie. " Also he setteth a clause in his Iniunctions that all they that woll of what age soever they be maye goo abrode which I harde not of yor instructions. " Of his doing hereafter and of all other things that I shall reken worthie thadvertisement I shall adcertayne your M'ship of as I shall see cause nowe that ye commaunde me so to doo. And as for myne owne dealing and behavio1' I truste ye shall here no iuste cause of complainte ageinst me. One thing humblie desiring yor M'ship that ye geve no light credence till the matier be proved and my defense harde. And if it had not ben for troubling of you I wolde have so declared unto you the circumstance of my firste accusation and thoccasion therof that ye shulde have ben well persuaded that all the same proceded of a greate and a long conceyved malice ageinst me and of no matier of trouthe or worthie correction. And being so sodenlie taken and you so long before incensed by the meanes of myne adversaries I was so abasshed that I had not those things in my remembraunce that was for my defense. And praye you moste humblie to persuade yo'self that havyng so many and so greate benefites at yor hande, and hanging onlye upon yo1' good successe can not, but yf I were the most unnaturall person in the worlde, doo or suffer to be doon to my power any thing that might be any impechiment of yo1' honor or worship. Which I praye God evenso to preserve as I wolde myne owne liff. And thus Allmightie God have yo1' M'ship in his blessed keping. " From Wardon Abbey e this xvjth of Octobre. " Your moste bounden servant John Ar Rice. It seems, however, to have struck Ap Kice, after despatching this 302 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries. letter, that if it came to his colleague's knowledge, it might be the cause of much trouble to himself ; and accordingly he writes the next day to Cromwell to tone down and modify his first letter? stating in a very naive way the reasons which led him to do so : — 1 "After nay right humble commendations. Please it your Mrship to be advertised that where as of late atyor straight commaundement I have certified yor Mrship of certain things touching Mr Doctor Legh, allthough they were all trewe, yet than havyng no other respect but to satisfie yor commaundement and for haste, I omitted that moderation therein, which of my conscience I can not no we but advertise your Mrship of. First havyng experyment in myself not long agoo bowe grevous ye and dedlie it is for any man to have the displeasure of suche a man as you are specially havyng your favor before and hanging onlye of you. And what desperation or other inconvenience maye ensue therupon to the same so that I wolde not wisshe my moste enemie so greate a displeasure. And also considering for yor parte howe ye can not sodenlie or violentlie use any extremetie toward the said Mr Doctor but ye shall therby geve occasion to some to reken that ye were to quicke in choysing suche a one to that rome, as ye wolde so sone after disalowe and reprove. Also it wolde be thought by some other that all his doings and proceedings in suche places as he was at, were reproved by you and he for the same so handeledc I think therfor, savyng yor Mrships better opinion, that ye sholde doo an acte bothe agreable to yor honor and very benigne towards hym yf ye did firste gentlie admonyshe hym to amendement and not utterly discorage hym and strike hym under foote. And yf therupon he doo use any exorbitunce or excese I shall upon my perill (nowe that I knowe yor pleasure) signifie it unto you. And then might ye call hym home by litle and litle so that as litle brute or rumor shulde arise therof as might be. And seing he is but a yong man and bothe for that and of nature somewhat highe of courage, yf he were but admonyshed by you modestlie he woll percase doo very well yet. And surely he hath a very good will and audacitie ynough, and therwith pretendeth suche an ernest fasshion to sett foorth the matiers that he intended (yf he wolde use some what more modestie therm than he dooth) as I knowe no other man to have that ye putt in truste. But some faultes maye be tolerated and some amended yf they maye be, seing no man is all fautlesse. For this my boldnes in advertysing you being of that wisdom, I praye you to pardon me for it procedith of a good faithfull mynde towardes you. "And forasmoche as the said Mr Doctor is of suche acqueyntunce and familiaritie with many Rufflers and servyng men that yf he knowe this matier to have proceeded of me though it be but at yor commaundement,I havyng comenly no greate assistence with me when I go abrode might take perchaunce irrecoverable harme by hym or his er I were ware. I instantly desire and praye yoT good Mrship that I be not rekened the author of his displeasure. For the trueth of all things shalbe knowen sufficientlye by other men and so it were better for nother he ne any other that ye shall happen to putt in like truste wolde than 1 Letters and Papers, ix., 630, By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 303 make rne or any other yor servant privey of their procedings, yf it were knowen that I did reveale this matier unto you. Thus knoweth Allmightie God Who have yor good Mrship in his blessed tuition. "From Eoyston the xvij of Octobre. " Yor assuredly faithf ull servant John Ap Rice." At length the visitation, conducted as it must have been in a i very perfunctory manner, and with the animus which must be j apparent to every reader, was concluded and reported to the King. The result was the Act which suppressed the smaller monasteries, [J i.e., those under £200 annual revenue. Why this distinction was made is not clear ; the reason assigned is that religion was better kept in the larger houses than in the smaller : but this is not borne l| out by the facts ; there is not, either for good or for bad, anything ; to choose between the larger and the smaller monasteries. But the act was passed, and a new court — that of the Augment- ] ations, was called into existence to deal with the revenues. It consisted of a chancellor (Sir Eichard Eich) , a treasurer (Sir Thomas j Pope), attorney, solicitor, ten auditors, seventeen particular re- | ceivers for special districts, clerk, usher, and messenger, and was j appointed April 24th, 1536.1 The next step was to ascertain definitely which houses came j within the fatal limits, and to this end commissions were issued , to three commissioners in each shire, directing them to act with ! three others, appointed ex-officio, including the particular receiver for the shire, in finding out the number, names, revenue, and character of each house below the yearly value of £2 00. 2 The work was done ; and the return for Wiltshire — which was supposed to be lost — has recently, together with those for Gloucestershire, Hampshire, and Bristol, been re-discovered by Fr. Gasquet among the Chantry Certificates in the Eecord Office, and published by him in the Dublin Review of April, 1894.3 It deals with the houses of Maiden Bradley, Farley, Lacock, Kington, Stanley, Easton, Ederos (or Ivy church), Poulton, and Marlborough, and it is noticeable that this report, made by men who certainly 1 Letters and Papers, xiii. (ii.), 1520, i. 2 lb., x., 721. 3 See Appendix A. I 304 The Full of the Wiltshire Monasteries. had no temptation to be partial to the monastic orders, gives a| n character uniformly good to the Wiltshire houses, even to those oil J whom the visitors Layton and Legh had given the most damaging j accounts. For instance, the Prior of Maiden Bradley, who. | according to Layton, had no less than six natural children within f the precincts of his monastery, is described as being, with his { brethren, " by report of honest conversation." A clause had been inserted in the Act of Suppression enabling! the King to re-found in perpetuity such of the lesser monasteries ) as he thought fit ; fifty-two houses thus escaped destruction. Inl Wiltshire we find one example — Lacock — which has a grant of I "licence to continue" bearing date January 30th, 1537. 1 Our • opinion of the King's generosity and his zeal in favour of true j religion, however, is considerably modified when we find that for | "licence to continue" a fine of £300 is paid by Lacock into the I Court of Augmentations, the annual revenue of the house being ' £203 gross, or £168 nett.2 The cells, also, of the larger abbeys were for the present spared. Under this head come the two small houses of Poulton and | Marlborough St. Margaret, which ranked as cells of the great! Gilbertine priory of Sempringham — the order of which Robert, Bishop of Llandaff, was commendatory master. With these ex- ceptions, however, all the houses mentioned in this last report dis- appear, and are only heard of henceforward when the site or part of the lands are granted to some courtier. After this there comes — as well there might — a pause ; but neither Henry nor Cromwell in the least abandoned their design of appropriating all the revenues of the monastic orders ; and in April or May, 1539, the obliging Parliament granted to the King all such houses, of whatever value, as had already or should hereafter voluntarily surrender themselves into his hands, or should be for- feited by attainder of the head. This was the legal justification, which the King and Cromwell wished for, and so well did they labour in the work of " persuasion " and attainder, that by the 28th 1 Letters and Papers, xii. (i.), g. 311 (42). 2 lb., xiii. (ii.), 457, i. (3). By the Rer. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 305 |)f March, 1540, there was not a religious house standing in i England, so far as I can discover. Of the internal history of the surviving monasteries during the jDeriod 1536 — 39 we have little information, though an occasional fclimpse is afforded us "by one or another of the letters of Cromwell's voluminous correspondence. The picture they reveal to us is one of ■steady pressure on the one side by stringent " injunctions," and jvexatious interference in the internal affairs of houses, brought to Jbear by Cromwell and his subordinates with the object of making [existence under such conditions intolerable, and so bringing about ithe "voluntary" surrenders by which these houses were to come into the King's hands, met by resistance, complaint, or bribery on Ithe part of the religious — all equally unavailing to deter the powerful minister from his purpose. How much trouble could be caused by interference in the affairs of a religious house we see when we find the Prioress of Wilton writing at an earlier period — on March 28th, 1533 1 — to complain of the interference of Dr. Hayley (or Hilley) , their ordinary, during a time when the office of abbess was vacant : — 2 " Ryght honorable In ow1' most humblest maner I w* my powr systers, yor unfaynyd beydwomen ow1' convent recommend us hertily unto yowre good masterschypp, Instantly desyryng you to contynew gud Mr unto us accordyng to owr frynds report. For we stonde and have done long for lack of an heed yn grett Inquyetnes and danger as God knowth not only in the dekey lett and dystoble [i.e., disturbance] of the servyce of God accordyng to ow1' relygyon but also of the dystructyon and dysolatyon of ow1' monesterje. For we be soethre- tonyd by owre ordynarye Master docto1' Hylley that we know nott what to doe, he cummythe to us many tymes and amonge us as he seys he doys butt ordr us aft1' the law but as God knowth we be unlerneyd [unlearned] and nott wont to so muche law as he dothe excercyse among us. And by cause that we dyffer suche matters as he wold that we schuld consent unto the which as we do suppose and thynke be nother lawfull ne yett profyttable to us ne owr howse he doys sore and grevoslye threton us and haythe hertofor putt us to grett vexatyon and troble and yett myndythe soe to doe and contynew for he haythe admyttyd to bayre rule with us yn thys ow1' vacatyon [vacancy (of the office of abbess)] one Crystopher Whyloybye and other the which Crystopher for hys sobtyll craf tye aud false demaners hays hym [? byn] expellyd fyrst by Dame Cecell Whyloybye the Abbas and then after hys servyce was utterlye ref usyd by Isabell Jordane ow1' last 1 Wrongly assigned by Gasquet to 1539. Cecile Bodcnham, last abbess, was elected in April, 1534. Letters and Papers, vii., 589 (3). 2 lb., vi., 285. 306 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries. Abbas wlioys sowls God pardon. And besyde the admyssyon of theis offocers j so lyght, he haythe dystabelyd neuele owr offycers admyttyd by the seyd Isabell | Abbas the which were good and just and accombred and trobelyd menye bothe of owr fermers and tenents and specyally suche as beyre ther good wylle to theis owr last offecers. And ferdr the xxvijth day of Marche the seyd chanster [P chan- sler, i.e., chancellor] cam yn to owr chapter howse and commawndyd us to geve OWr consent and to seal a general proxi, wherapon he wold nother suffer us to consel owr frynds ne yett that anye Indyfferent person sculde declare hytt unto j us as owr trustye frynds John Samphort John Garddenar or other shall more \ pleynlyer expres unto yor good masterschypp to whome we wold desire you to j take credence, and owre promysys made unto you by owr frynds shalbe per- j formyd by the grace of God Whoe preserve you. " Wrytten at Wylton the xxviijth dey of Marche. " Yor deyly bedwomen Joke Gyffaet, plores of Wylton w1 hyr systers." j Again, on August 23rd, 1537, one William Popley, writing to j Cromwell on various other matters, says : — 1 " I send also a relaxacion of certain Iniunctions for thePrioresse of Ambresbury ; | my fellow Carleton shall declare the matier more at large unto yor good lordship. | 1 am the bolder to write therin because I have a suster there who thinkithe I f myght preferre her ladies sutes." After a longer or shorter period of such pressure it is not j wonderful that we find houses beginning to give way. The first il result is to be seen in the surrender of Kingswood on February 1st, J 1538,2 the deed being signed by Thomas Bewdlaie, abbot, Thomas J Eeding, prior, and twelve others ; pensions being assigned to them i ranging from the abbot's £50 a year and the prior's £6 13s. 4d. to £2 which John Stonley receives, " being no priest." j The next surrender is a double one, the two cells of the Grilbertines, Poulton and Marlborough, both falling apparently in one day, January 16th, 1539 ; pensions being assigned in the former case to three inmates, in the latter to five. Then follows the fall of Bradenstoke, two days later, January 18th, 1539 ; surrendered to Dr. Tregonwell, the King's Com- missioner ; followed three days later by the recently re-founded abbey of Lacock. The inmates of both houses received pensions, fourteen monks at Bradenstoke, ranging from the prior, William 1 Letters and Papers, xii., (ii.) 570. 2 For the deeds of surrender of the various houses, see Letters and Papers under the respective dates ; and Deputy Keeper's Eighth Report, App. II. By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 307 >now, with £60 per annum, to three probably recently professed )rethren, who receive £2 apiece. At Lacock seventeen ladies re- eived sums varying from £40 to Johan Temmes, the abbess, and 35 to Elenor Monmorthe, prioress, to a like minimum of £2. This was the beginning of the end. The inmates of the Wiltshire •eligious houses seem to have become convinced, like the rest of heir brethren, of the inutility of further resistance, and surrender became only a question of time, delayed for a longer or shorter Deriod according to the temper and courage of the head in each nstance. The nature of the instructions, indeed, issued to those who were jommissioned to receive these so-called "voluntary" surrenders .eaves little doubt of the result which must have followed.1 In addition to the knowledge of this we must remember that the 3piscopal jurisdiction over all religious houses had been suspended since October, 1535 ; so that everything combined to render the jjituation intolerable. Wilton surrenders on the 25th of March, and Edington on the ;30th of the same month. When, however, the Eoyal Commissioners larrived at Amesbury, imagining that they would easily there too :accomplish their errand, they met with an unexpected resistance. ^Florence Bonnerman, the prioress, absolutely declined to surrender.2 " Pleasith it your goode Lordishippe to be advertised yesterday the surrenders ;of the monasteries of Shaftisbury and Wilton being before us taken, we came to Ambresbury and there communyd w* thabbasse for thaccomplishmente of the 'Kings highnes commyssion in lyke sorte, And albeit we have used as many wayes I with her as or poore witts cowde atteyne, yet in theende we cowde not by any persuasions bringe her to any conformytie but at all tymes she restid and soo remayneth in thies termes, yf the kings highnes commaunde me to goo from this howse, I will gladlye goo, though I begge my breade, and as for pension I care for none, in thies termes she was in all her conversacion praying us many tymes to trouble her no furthr herein for she had declared her full mynde in the whiche we might playnlie gather of her words she was fully fixed befor or comyng. This we have thought goode according to our most bounden dueties to signifie unto yor lordishippe redye w* all our powers to accomplishe that vor lordishippe shall further commaunde us herein. We have sente to Winton 1 See Gasquet, Henry VIII. and the Monasteries, ii., 226. 2 Letters and Papers, xiv. (i.) 629. v 3 OS The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries. agayne, and yesterday had aunswo1' from thens that thabbatt as yet yi at London, we trust to fynish the reste of the buysynes by yor Lordishipp(|j eoraytted unto us before Easter, and soo w* as moche spede as we may to waytt j 11 uppon yowe and declare the full of all or procedyngs herein. Thus prayer^! §; Allmyghtie god to have yor Lordishippe in his moste bless} d kepyng froir Ambresbury the xxxth of March. Yor Lordships most bownden " John Teegonwell. ijj Yor Lordyshipps most bownden beadsman and servaunt | * " William Petee. Yo1' Lordschipps allewayes most bounden ; | " John Smyth. :[| t mm At the end of four months, however, their pressure so far pre- \ \ vailed that the prioress announced her resignation " at the King's. I bidding." 1 A successor was appointed — in all probability a merei J figure-head to cany out the royal will — and on the 4th of December 1 1539, the house was suppressed, the then prioress, Johan Darroll, [ 1 receiving a pension of £100 a year, and thirty-three of her sisters! i being also pensioned. }| On December 15th Malmesbury surrendered, Eobert Frampton, alias Selwin, the abbot, receiving 200 marks a year, and twenty-four monks sums varying from £13 6s. M. to £6. Thus on December 15th, 1539, fell the last, the richest, and -I perhaps the greatest of the Wiltshire monasteries. It only remains to glance briefly at the way in which the immense mass of wealth, whether in land or yearly revenue of all kinds, which had be- longed to the dissolved monasteries, was dealt with. In the first I instance, all monastic property surrendered to the King, came as a matter of course into the Court of Augmentations, and was administered so long as the estates actually remained in the King's hands, by royal officials, whose accounts are still preserved in the Augmentation Office. But one by one they were granted either altogether or piecemeal to courtiers or speculators. Thus, we find that the possessions of the abbey of Lacock were administered by the King's officials during the year or so between January 21st, 1539, the date of the surrender, and (probably) July 16th, 1540, the date Cromwell Correspondence, i., 90. By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, 31. A. 309 fa »f the payment by TV. Sharington, the grantee, of £100, presumably Mm earnest of the full sum of £783 odd due.1 The price paid in this pase seems to have been fair, though it is not easy to estimate this, lis the whole possessions of Lacock were not granted, and the grants Included part of the late possessions of Amesbury. The grantees of the various religious houses, and the dates of the brants, are as follows: — 6th June, 1536, Monkton Farley and Easton were granted to Sir Edward Seymour ; 29th June, 1537, Stanley, to Sir Edward Baynton ; 28th July, 1537, Maiden Bradley, to Sir Edward Seymour ; 10th or 12th March, 1538, Kingswood, to Sir N. Poyntz ; in 31 Henry VIII., Longleat, to Sir J. Horsey, who disposed of it next year to Sir John Thynne ; 20th June, 1540, Kington St. Michael, to Sir P. Long ; July 16th, 1540, Lacock, to W. Sharington ; April 1541, Amesbury, to Earl ] of Hertford ; 33 Henry VIII., Edington, to Sir Thomas Seymour; (3 Edward VL to W. Paulet and Lord St. John) ; 35 Henry VIII., Wilton, to Sir W. Herbert; 36 Henry VIII., Malmesbmy, to j W. Stumpe ; Poulton, to T. Stroucle, "Walter Erie, and John Paget; and Ivy church, to J. Barwick ; 38 Henry VIII., Bradenstoke, to R. Pexall ; (?) Marlborough St, Margaret, to A. Stringer. APPENDIX A. Report on smaller Wiltshire houses, by Royal Commissioners, ap- pointed 1st July, 28th Henry VIII. (R.O. Chantry Certificate No. 100, m. 2.) Com. Wilts. [Commissioners :— Henry Longe, Knight; Richard Poulct, Esq.; John Fje ; and William Berners. Their appointment is dated 1st July, 28 Henry VIII. " Priory of Mayden Bradley. "[A] A hedde house of chanons reguler of thorder of Seint Augustjne. (Former valuation) £180 10s. 'id. ; (present valuation) £199 16$.4e£. for the demaynes of the same. " [B] (Religious) eight— viz., preests six and novesses two by reporte of honeste 1 Record Office, Court of Wards, Box 94, D. 9. 310 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries. conversacion ; wherof desyr continuance in religion five and to have capacities three. " [C] (Servants, etc.) eighteen— viz., wayting servants four ; officers of household nine ; hindes nine ; and corodyers two. " [D] Church and mansion wl all the housing in good reparacion newly re4 jr( payred and amendyd. The lead and bells there estemed to be solde to | [ £67 10*. "[E] (Goods) £40 13s. 4 " [D] Church and mansion with outehouses in convenient state. The lead and bells viewed and estemed to be sold to £28 8*. " [E] (Goods) £89 18*. Id., viz., juells and plate £30 3*. 3d. ; ornaments £8 15*. 4c?. ; 6tuffe of household £10 13*. ; stokkes and stores £39 7*. " [FJ Owing by the house £245 2*. Id. Owing to the house £51 10*. " [G] Great woods 100 Acres, and copis woods 66 Acres ; all to be solde estemed I to £62 16*. I " Abbey of Lacoch. " [A] A hedde house of nunnes of S. Augusteynes rule, of great and large buyldings, set in a towne. To the same and all other adjoynynge by com- mon reaporte a great releef. (Former valuation) £168 9*. 2c?. ; (present valuation) £194 9*. 2c?., with £16 3*. 4c?. for the demaynes of the same. " [B] (Religious) seventeen — viz., professed fourteen and novesses three, by report and in apparaunce of vertuous lyvyng, all desyring to continue religios. " [C] (Servants) forty-two — viz., chaplejns four; wayting servants three; officers of household nine ; clerk and sexton two ; women servants nine ; and hynds fifteen. " [D] Church, mansion, and all oder houses in very good astate. The lead and bells there estemed to be sold to £100 10*. «' [E] (Goods) £360 19*.— viz., jewells and plate £64 19*. ; ornaments £17 12*. ; stuff £21 18*. 2c?. ; and stokkes and stoores £257 0*. 10c?. " [F] Owing by the house nil, and owing to the house nil. "[G] Great woods nil; copys woods 110 Acres. Estemed to be solde to £75 Is Ad, By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 311 " Priory of Kynton. j'[A] A hcdde house of Minchins of Seint Benedictes rule. (Former valuation) £25 9*. l%d. ; (present valuation) £35 15s., with 100*. for the demayns of the same. !;[B] (Religious) four, by reporte of honest conversacion, all desyring con- tinuance in religion. i [C] (Servants) eleven — viz., chapleyn one ; clerk one ; women servants four ; wayting servants one ; hinds four. :[D] Church and mansion in good state. The oute houses in summe ruyne for lacke of coveringe. The lead and bells there estemed to be solde to 105s. r [E] (Goods) £17 Is. — viz., ornaments 8s. 6d. ; stuffe 2s. lOd. ; and stoores of come and catall £12 19s. 8d. r [F] Owynge by the house £50 and owynge to the house nil. r [G] Great woods none ; copyswoods 36 Acres ; esteemed to be solde £24. " Abbey of Stanley. ' [A] A hedde house of monkes of thordre of Cisteux, of large stronge buylding, by reporte of all the countre a greate releef. (Former valuation) £177 Os. 8d. ; (present valuation) £204 3s. Q\d., with £32 9s. for the demayns and mille of the same. " [B] (Religious) ten — viz., preests nine and novesse one. By reaporte of honest conversacion, all desyringe contynuance in religion. j"[C] (Servants, etc.) forty- three — viz., scholemaster one: wayting servants, | four ; officers in the house ten ; hyndes in divers granges eighteen ; dayery women three ; and founden of almes seven. ■ " [D] Church and mansion with ell outehouses in a very good state, part newe buylded. The leade and bells esteemed to £65 10s. " [E] (Goods) £260 12s. — viz., jewels and plate £42 9s. 2d. ; ornaments, £13 lis. U. ; stuffe, £14 9s. 2d. ; stores of cattell £124 3s. 8d. ; come not sewed £65 8s. 8c?. " [F] Owyng by the house £285 5s. 11 d, and owing to the house £12 13s. 4rf. " [G] Great woods and copys woods 269 Acres. Esteemed to be solde to £164. " Priory of Pulton. " A house of Gylbertynes of thordre of Sempryngham, Governor whereof ap- pered before the seid commyssioners the 28 daye of June. To whome they gave injunction to appere before the Chauncollor and Counccll of the Court of Augmentacions of the reveneux of the King's crowne the 6th daye of Julye the nexte folowynge upon payne of £150. " Priory of Piston. " [A] A hedde house of crosse chanons of Seynt Augustync's Rule. (Former valuation) £42 12s. ; (present valuation) £45 l is., with £4 lis. 8d. for the demaynes. "[B] (Religious) two, being preestes by reaporte of honest conversacion, de- syringe to continue religious. " [CJ (Servants, &c.) eight — viz., hyndes six, and women sorvants two. VOL. XXVIII. NO. LXXXV, 7, 312 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries. " [D] Church and mansion in ruyn of default of coveryng and the oute houses I in greate decaye. The leade esteemed to be £6 ; bells in the steple belongon | to the parysh. " [E] (Goods) £72 3s Ad., viz., jewels and plate £9 18s. 10c?. ; ornaments, |j 62*. 8c?. ; stuffe, 31s. 8c?. ; stores of corne and catell £57 10s. 2c?. " [F] Owing by the house, £22 2s. 2c?. Owyng to the house nil. " [G] Great woods the forest of Savernak 50 Acres. And copys woods 6 Acres, j all estemed to be solde to £17 13s. 4c?. " Priori/ of Seint Margarett in Marlehurgh. i " A house of Gylbertynes, of thordre of Sempringham Governor whereof is with j the master of thordre in London. " Priory of Ederos, alias Ivy church. " [A] A hedde house of chanons of Seint Augustyne's rule ; the Church whereof ■ is the parish church to thinhabitants there of Waddon and the forest of Claringdon. (Former valuation) £122 18s. 6^c?. (Present valuation) £132 17s. 106?., with £10 8s. 2c?. for the demaynes of the same. " [B] (Religious) five, viz., preestes four and noves one, by reporte of honest conversacion, desyringe to continue religious one, and to have capacytes four. ; " [C] (Servants, &c.) seventeen — viz. scolemaster one ; officers in household four ; wayting servants four ; children for the church five, and hyndes three. " [D] Church, mansion, and oute houses in very good state, with moch newe j buylding of stone and breke. Leade and belles none but oonly upon the church and in the stepall of the parish. "[E] (Goods) £183 lis.— viz., jewels and plate £54 19s. 2c?.; ornaments, 1 £28 9s. 8c?. ; stuff e, £11 ; stokkes and stoores £89 2s. 2c?. "[F] Owinge by the house, nil, and owynge to the house £14 10s. " [Gr] Great woods and underwoods 112 Acres, esteemed to be solde to £136 4s.2i. " Summa of the value certified £870 14s. £c?. " Summa of the possessions with £137 4s. 6^e?. of encrease £1007 18s. 7c?. « Summa of the religious fifty-two j abydi?S in the same» forty-five ( capacities, seven. "Summa of the persons and servants, one hundred and fifty-seven. " Summa of the leade and bells £273 8s. " Summa of all the goods £1024 18s. 3c?. " Summa of detes owing by the houses £794 4s. 6c?. " Summa of detes owing to the houses £132 16s. " Summa of the woods £639 14s. 10c?." APPENDIX B. Dates of surrender of Wiltshire Monasteries, with pensions assigned to the inmates, and numbers of the latter still in receipt of the same 2 and 3 Philip and Mary.1 1 These are distinguished by a dagger (f) prefixed to their names. By the Rer. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 313 j(See Eighth Report of Deputy Keeper of Public Records, Appendix II., and " Monasticon" under the names of the several houses.) To the heads of the smaller houses suppressed without special r surrender," in 1536, we find the following pensions assigned on July 2nd, 1536. (Augmentation Book 232, 21f.) " Farelegh, Lewis Breknok, prior ; £24 " JEston, Henry Bryan, prior ; 10 marks " Kynton, fMary Dennys, prioress ; 100s. " Edoros, beside Salisbury, Richard Page, prior; in lieu of £21 prebend and rectory of Uphaven, Wilts. " Stanley, Thos Calne, abbot ; £24 " Maiden Bradley, Richard Jennyn, prior ; £24." Kingswood. Surrendered 1st February, 1538. Signatures : "p me Willm Beudeley Abbatt p me Nicolau Hampton Supp'or mon. de Kyngyswode Wyllm Parcar p me Thoma Reding priorem Nicolas Actu John Westberi Edwardus Erlynga Johem Gethyn curatu Thomas Orcharde Willm Wotton gran Johe Stanley Willm Heughes + Thomas Saymaure converse" Jhem Sudbery Pensions assigned same day £ " W. Bewdlaie late abbot 50 0 0 Thomas Reding prior 6 13 4 John Westbury monk 4 13 4 John Gethin curate of the parish 4 13 4 William Wotton granator 4 13 4 William Hewghes 4 0 0 John Sodbury 4 0 0 Nicholas Hampton sub prior 4 0 0 William Pakker 4 0 0 Nicholas Acton sellerer 4 13 4 Edward Ernyngham sexton 4 0 0 1 Thomas Orcharde 4 0 0 John Stonley being no prest 2 0 0 Signed, Jo. Tjkbqonwbll Thomas Lawrence2 converse N. Poyntz sent to another house with £1 John Poyntz John Feeman Edward Gostwyk " 1 Called in Augmentation Book 232, ii., f. 14 b, Thomas Lacoke. 2 p = Saymaure. z 2 314 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries. Pulton. Surrendered 10th January, 1539. Signatures : " p me Thoma Lynwoode P'ior p mo Herycu Drap' p me John Hog" Pensions same day : Thos. Lencwode prior £5 0 0 Hen. Draper 2 0 0 John Hogge to serve the cure there with, 5 6 8 or if he wax unable or be removed 2 0 0 Signed, Wm. Petee" Marlborough St. Margaret. Pensions assigned January 16th, 1539. " John Sympson prior £10 0 0 Edward Sparke 2 13 4 John Rodley 2 13 4 Thomas Welborne 2 13 4 John Tangell 2 13 4 Kodley to serve the cure at Kenes with £3 6 8 more Signed, Thomas Ceumwell John Teegonwell William Petee John Smyth" JBradenstohe. Surrendered 18th January, 1539. Signatures : " p me Willm Snowe p'orem Thoma Pen suppr'orem Jacobu Cole Thoma Mason Raduluum Hyll Toma Messyng' Kicardu Ware Pensions assigned : " Willm Snowe p'ior Thorns Penne Thorns Mason Rafe Hyll George Notyngham Edward Bruer Thorn's Messenger p me Richardu Thomsun Edwardu Breuer John Plasterer John Hancoke Georgiu Notynga Thoma Smyth dnm Jacobu Wycam " £60 0 0 8 0 0 5 6 8 5 6 8 5 0 0 5 6 8 4 13 4 By the Rev. W, Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 315 James Wykam £4 13 4 Richard Ware 4 0 0 Richard Tomsoii o c O o o John Playstcrer 2 0 0 Thorns Baker 2 0 0 John Hancock 2 0 0 James Cole to be curate of Lynam with £G 13 4 or if he relinquishes it, £5 Signed, Thos. Ceumwell John Teegonwell William Peteb John Smyth " Lacoch. Surrendered January 21st, 1539. [No signatures.] Pensions : fJohane Temmes, Abbess £40 0 0 Elenor Monmorthe, Prioress 5 0 0 Anne Brydges 4 0 0 Amys Patsall 4 0 0 Elyn Benett 4 0 0 Margarett Legetton 3 6 8 Elsabeth Wylson 3 6 S Elsabeth Baynton 3 6 s fAgnys Bygner 3 6 8 Margarett Welshe 3 6 s Johane Marshall 3 0 0 fElsabeth Wye 3 0 0 f Elenor Basdale 2 13 4 fAnne Trace 2 13 4 fScoleast Hewes 2 0 0 Elenor Maundrell 2 0 0 fTomesyn Jerves 2 0 0 Signed, Jo. Teegonwell William Petee John Smyth" Wilton. Surrendered 25th March, 1539. [No signatures.] Pensions : " Cecily Bodenham abbess fJohane Kente p'ores £100 and certain houses £10 0 0 16 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries. Johane Trowe £6 13 4 Alys Brabston e 13 4 Margarett Zouche 6 13 4 f Kat'yne Brabonde 6 13 4 AJ is Brabonde 6 13 4 f Cecyll Savage 6 13 4 fJohan Forgett 6 13 4 Elinor Auntell 6 0 0 Alis Langton 6 0 0 Isabell Novyll 6 0 0 f Thomasyn Andrewys 5 6 8 Mary Burbage 5 6 8 Cecyll Lamberte 5 6 8 Alys Hussey 5 6 8 fJohan Bonehme 6 13 4 fCrystyan Willoughby 5 6 8 Mary Gylman 5 0 0 fJohan Serbyngton 5 0 0 Crystyan Wodelonde 5 0 0 f Dorothe Lacell 5 0 0 f Mulyer Chenye 4 0 0 fJohan Stylmau 4 0 0 f Elizabethe Morgridge 4 0 0 Lora Staunter 4 0 0 Kath'yne Auntell 4 0 0 f Do rathe Moggerige 4 0 0 f Anne Dancye 4 0 0 fUrsula Flornyng [Flemyng] 4 0 0 f Dorathe Kelwaye 4 0 0 fJohan Bonasye 4 0 0 Anne Asshe 2 0 0 Signed, Rychaed Eyche." E ding ton. Surrendered March 31st, 1539. Signatures : " p me Paulein Bushe recto rem p me Johem Scott con. p me dnm Johem Chandler p me Ricardu Phyllips p me Thoma Yates p me Johem Noble Pensions assigned : " Paul Bushe, rector John Scott p me dnm Johem Morgan p me dnm Johem Webbe p me Johem Payne p me Thoma Button p me Thoma Alyne p me Wyllm Wythers p me Robtu Hende " £100 0 0 10 0 0 By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, 31. A. 317 £8 0 0 6 13 4 6 13 4 6 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 40 6 13 4 Signed, Jo. Tbegonwell William Petke John Smyth" Amesbury. Surrendered 4th December, 1539. [No signatures] Pensions assigned : 1 Johanne Darroll prioresse £100 0 0 Christian' Ildesley subprioresse 6 13 4 Edith Curteys 6 0 0 Margery Huntou 5 0 0 Johanne Horner 6 0 0 fAnne Newman 5 0 0 Anne Preduaux 5 0 0 fMargarett Warder 5 0 0 fElizabeth Aleyn 5 0 0 f Agatha Sydnam 6 0 0 Johanne Dawse 4 0 0 fElizabeth Phetyplace 5 0 0 f Johanne Antyle 4 0 0 fAnne Bulkeley 5 0 0 Agnes Kyngesmylle 5 0 0 Johanne Rolande 4 0 0 fElizabeth Exhurst 5 0 0 fMargarett Beynbrigge 5 0 0 Sibyl!' Ingelffeld 5 0 0 f July an' Apprice 4 0 0 f Alis Giffard (5 0 0 Margarett Beche 6 13 4 f Brygett Popley 6 0 0 fMargarett Acton 4 0 0 f Dorothy Goderde 4 0 0 fKatheryn' Elewellyn 4 0 0 tCecely Ayres 4 0 0 John Chandler Richard Phyllypps Thomas Yeats John Noble John Morgan John Webbe John Payne Thomas Button Thomas Alyne W. Withers Robert Head 318 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries. Mary Cursyn £4 0 0 Mary Perse 4 0 0 fBrygett Clynton 4 0 0 f Alls Hngan 4 0 0 Johanne Spadarde 4 0 0 Anne Yate 4 0 0 fSibille Antell 4 0 0 Signed, Robert _Southwell RlCAEDU POULET WlLLIELMU BeRNEBS " Malmesbury. Surrendered December 15th, 1539. Pensions : " Robert Frampton alias Selwin abbot 200 marks. Walter Stacy e sen. steward of land and chamberer £13 6 8 John Codrington B.D. prior 10 0 0 Walter Sutton B.D. sub-prior 10 0 0 Thomas Tewkesburye sen. 6 13 4 Philippe Bristowe sen. 6 13 4 John Gloucester sen. and tierce prior 6 13 4 Richard Pilton steward to thabbott 6 13 4 John Cantine warden of the chapel 8 0 0 Rauff* Sherwood sen. 6 0 0 Richard Asheton sen. and farmerer 6 0 0 Antonie Malmesburie sen. and subsexton 6 0 0 Will. Alderley 6 0 0 Thomas Dorseleye 6 0 0 Thomas Gloucester 6 0 0 John Horseley chaunter 6 0 0 Thomas Stanley pitancier 6 0 0 Will. Brystowe 6 0 0 Thomas Froster prest and student 6 0 0 Robert Eimore prest 6 0 0 Will. Wynchecombe 6 0 0 Will. Bysley 6 0 0 Also the said abbott to have one tenement in the high strete within the towne of Brestowe late in the tenure of Thomas Harte and one garden lying in the suburbes of the said towne ageinst the crosse called red crosse late in the tenure of the said Thomas Harte for terme of lyife of the said late abbott sine aliquo inde reddendo. Signed, Robert Southwell Edward Carne John London Will. Beenees." Notes on Place* Visited by the Society in 1895. 319 Note. — The hospital of Edington should have been described as the only house of Bon-honimes in England except Ashridge, in Bucks, whence it received its first master. The order to which the small priory of Easton belonged is not quite certain. Tanner calls them canons or freres of the Trinitarian Order: the report given above, in App. A., calls them " crosse chanons." That they were not friars seems clear from their in- clusion in that report, which deals with monks only. on places Wmttb tg % jSodetjr in 1S95. By Habold Bbakspeae, A.R.I.B.A. Sheldon Manor House. jggHE manor of Sheldon was given by Henry III. to Sir W. de Grodarville and his heirs — the last of whom left two daughters co-heiresses, one of whom married Sir Greoffrey Graseelyne, who became, in the right of his wife, Lord of the manor of Sheldon and hundred of Chippenham, 1250. 1 Probably shortly after this time the whole house was re-built ; but unfortunately none of it exists except the porch, which is an excellent example of the period, and is the earliest piece of truly domestic architecture in this part of the county. The porch itself is vaulted with diagonal ribs, of semi-octagonal section, resting on attached corner shafts with moulded caps. The outer doorway is of two plain members broadly chamfered, flanked by double angle buttresses finished at the top by gablets ; it has a double lancet window in the west wall with trefoil heads, now unfortunately blocked up. Above is a parvise known as " the Priest's Chamber," entered by a small segmental-headed doorway in the eas< wall ; the 1 Wilts Arch. Mag., iii., 28. 320 Notes on Place* Visited by the Society in 1895. original wrought iron door hinges still exist, bnt the door is more recent. The roof is original — an open one of arched rafters, resting on a moulded wall-plate and a moulded timber cornice on the outside under the eaves. There is a two-light pointed window in the gable over the entrance, and one small square-headed loop in each side wall : the one on the east being now blocked up by the present fifteenth century gable, shows that originally the outside wall was more recessed at this point than at present. In the fifteenth century the heiress of the Grascelynes, Christina, married Edward Hayles, and afterwards sold the property to Walter, Lord Hungerford, 1424 ; and to him may be ascribed the next alterations in the house ; which, so far as now remain, were not ex- tensive,— the before-mentioned gable to the right of the porch, in which remains the cusped head of a two-light window, is all that can with certainty be ascribed to that date, except the now desecrated chapel detached from the house to the east. This is an interesting specimen of a simple domestic chapel — rectangular on plan, with a two-light pointed east window, a two-light square-headed window in the south wall and a single-light square-headed window in the north wall— all cusped ; although at various times there have been no less than four different doorways there are no remains of the original entrance. The roof is original, with a main couple at each end and one in the centre ; each had a collar at half height, which has been since cut away. There is a single purlin on each side supported by curved wind-braces. The gables were finished with barge-boards, and not stone coping like the house, which may indicate that the original roofing material was thatch. The house was almost entirely re-built in its present form in the reign of James I. or Charles I., and the fine old oak staircase and the hall with the windows lighting both, remain unaltered. In one of the rooms upstairs is the only fireplace of this date remaining. The house receives a very short notice from Aubrey 1 about this time : — " Sheldon-Farme — Part of the possessions of the Lord Hungerford's, where, in the windows, when I was a boy, were 1 Jackson's Aubrey, p. 75. By Harold Brakspear, A.EJ.B.A. 321 severall of the Scutcheons." Probably the windows referred to were the earlier mediaeval windows of the hall. The Himgerfords sold the property in 1684 to Sir Eichard Kent, I M.P. for Chippenham, who in turn sold it to Sir Eichard Hart, of Hanham, near Bath ; in twelve years it again changed hands, and was bought by Mr. Norris, of Lincoln's Inn. He seems to have made considerable alterations, as a number of the windows are of this date, as well as two large fireplaces on the first floor and the quaint sundial on the gable of the porch. A curious arrangement of the mediaeval house is a large water trough built into the thickness of the wall just within the inner door of the porch, probably used to water horses, which were in those days conveyed from the front to the back of the house, be- hind the screens of the hall, through the so-called horse-passage. The large gate-piers and flight of stone steps up to them, of the seventeenth century, are worthy of notice, and testify to the de- parted importance of this interesting old house. St. Margaret's. Yatton Keynell. Although the "restorer" has been hard at work here, there yet remains a good deal of the old Church that is of interest. The earliest part of the present building dates from the thirteenth century, and consists of the arch into the tower and the wall above to the height of the nave roof, and the little trefoil-headed piscina in the chancel, though whether this is in situ or not is doubtful. Early in the fifteenth century the whole Church' seems to have been re-built, and consisted of chancel and nave with north porch and western tower. Of this re-building the chancel arch remains untouched, with the handsome stone screen — or, as Aubrey1 calls it, "the partition between the Church and Chancell of very curious Grothique worke in freestone." In the lower panels are the arms of Yeovilton, Keynell, and Chaderton. The reveals of the arches to the eastern windows on either side the nave are panelled, but the one to the south has lost its tracery, which was removed when the aisle was added on that side. To the east of this window are the Jackson's Aubrey, p, 120. 322 Notes on Places Visited by the Society in 1895. remains of a circular staircase which led to the rood loft and i|| originally showed externally. 1 The north porch is a handsome piece of work, and has in each ill side wall a curious little square window, which was originally I quatrefoiled, but the cusps have been chopped away. The tower — very similar to two others we shall see to-day, viz., Nettleton and West Kington — is square on plan, without angle t buttresses, or west doorway ; it is divided into four stages by string I courses, the topmost being panelled into three divisions on each face, 1 the centre division pierced for the belfry windows, which were pro- I tected by perforated traceried stone slabs, only one of which remains, in the south window. The sizes of the walling stones are remark- • able, many being over 5ft., and one 7ft. in length ; these doubtless were procured from the quarries in the immediate neighbourhood, one of which still belongs to the glebe, but is not at present worked. | At the end of the fifteenth or beginning of the sixteenth century the south aisle was added : one of the side windows is original ex cept the heads of the lights, but the other two are restorations. The little vestry on the north side of the chancel is modern, but the priest's door of the fifteenth century now connects it with the chancel. The chancel itself is mostly modern, but retains the fifteenth century gable cross at the east end. The old chancel was for many years used as a school, and among the pupils of the seventeenth century was the often- quoted authority, John Aubrey,1 who says of this Church that " the pulpit is of stone the most curious carving in our country " ; also " I have heard my grandfather say that when he went to school in this Church, in the S. windowe of the Chancell were several escutcheons." The stone pulpit, unfortunately, is no more, and doubtless gave place in the last century to the box-like structure which now serves for that purpose. St. Mary's. Nettleton. The Church of Nettleton parish is situated in the hamlet of 1 Jackson's Aubrey, p. 121. By Harold Brakspear^ A.R.I.B.A. 323 Burton, and is one of the most interesting Churches included in this year's programme. It consists of chancel, with north chapel, nave, with north aisle, north and south porches and a western tower. The earliest feature of the Church is the circular font of Norman work, the lower part of which is formed like a scallop-capital with fish- scale ornamentation above. The Norman Church which existed before the present one was built, probably consisted of a chancel and nave, with north aisle divided by an arcade, but none of it exists. The present arcade is the most curious feature in the Church. Although apparently Norman, upon examination it appears to be no earlier than the fourteenth century, most of the caps having some distinguishing feature of that date, intermixed with well- known forms of Norman ornament. The arches are obviously fourteenth century, of two plain chamfered members, and labels with terminals of carved heads. But the Norman features in the caps would lead to the supposition that the present arcade was a bad copy of an earlier Norman one. The external walls of the nave and aisle are those of the re-built Church of the fourteenth century. The south doorway — an early example little removed from Early English — is of two orders of mouldings, with continuous arch and jambs undivided by capitals, and has a curious little canopied niche over the apex, with flanking buttresses, in which are carved two small human figures. There is a contemporary window of a single light, with cusped head, in the north wall, and remains of the lower part of a similar window in the west wall of the aisle. The fourteenth century aisle terminated in a line with the chancel arch ; the eastern termination is well marked on the outside by a shallow corner buttress, similar to the one at the west end. On the inside the difference is marked by the change in styles of the roof ; that over the western part being the original one of the fourteenth century, with arched rafters resting on a wall-plate ornamented at intervals with dog-tooth — while that to the east is similar to the others of the fifteenth century over the rest of the Church. Both roofs, however, are unfortunately plastered up on the underside of ^24 Notes on Places Visited by the Society in 1895. the arched rafters. As the rectory was on the north side the priest's door is in this wall, and has over it externally a curions little projecting hood. When the aisle was lengthened the original three-light east window with reticulated tracery was re-constructed in the present fifteenth century east wall, and the square-headed three-light windows inserted in the north wall, and two in the south wall of the nave ; the eastern one of the latter has a delicately- executed niche in its east reveal. f The chancel — re-built about the same time — has two two-light traceried square-headed windows in the south wall, and retains the original fifteenth century roof. Above the chancel arch is a j picturesque little sanctus bell-cot with panelled sides surmounted 1 by a short broach spirelet with foliated finial. The transept-like projection on the south side is curiously arranged so as not to interrupt the roof of the nave internally, ! which is carried on a heavy moulded beam supported on corbelled | heads of a king and queen. The pointed window in the south wall < is early Perpendicular in character, of three lights, and very ; beautifully proportioned. The panelled stone pulpit, with carved I cornice of rather rough workmanship, is entered by a twisted j staircase in the north-west angle of this projection. The north porch is very handsome. It is richly vaulted inside, and externally is surmounted by a panelled and battlemented parapet. On the cornice beneath are a number of grotesques, and in the wall below are projecting gargoyles to carry off the roof water, two at each side. A much- worn stoup for holy water is against the inner doorway. The door itself is the original one, and is formed of very heavy pieces of timber thickly studded with nails, and still retains a large handle and escutcheon of the original iron work. The south porch — now used as a vestry — has an open timber roof of the fifteenth century, similar to the others in the Church, but here all the rafters are uncovered by plaster or white- wash, so that the full beauty of the design may be seen. I The tower is the second we have seen to-day of this type, and is | by far the finest of the three we shall see. Unlike the others this has angle buttresses and western doorway. Over the latter is a By Harold Brakspear, A.R.I.B.A. 325 quaint little stone hood forming a shallow porch. The parapets are panelled and the top stage has the triple panels as at Yatton, but here all the perforated stone slabs remain in the belfry windows. There is a seventeenth century brass in the floor of the nave aisle. A well-designed mural tablet on the north wall of the chancel is to the memory of the Eev. S. Arnold, and has, on a brass plate beneath, the following : — " This plate was designed to commemorate the injury sustained by the above monument from lightning on the 25th day of April last, and to record the esteem in which the memory of the Rev. S. Arnold is still held by his represent- atives. Novr., 1842." Although the monument is much crauked, no injury seems to have been done to the Church, which is curious. St. James's. North Wraxall. The oldest part of this Church is the south doorway of early twelfth century work. This has a detached nook shaft in either jamb with cushion caps, surmounted by a semi-circular arch of two members, the outer rim ornamented with chevrons and a label with large bead ornamentation. All the rest of the Church appears to have been re-built in the thirteenth century, and consisted of nave, chancel, and western tower. The east window of the chancel is a triple lancet of very simple design. Two single lancets are in the north wall, and an original priest's doorway with good label mould is in the south wall, but blocked up. The square-headed windows on each side of the door were inserted towards the end of the fourteenth century — the eastern one is of three lights and has a piscina cut in the sill — the western one is of two lights. The arch between the chancel and nave is unusually wide, being the full width of the former ; it is of two members, plainly chamfered, without caps, and stopped with pyramidal stops above the ground. In conjunction with the arch on either side in the nave wall arc projecting string-courses, about 24ft. long and 8ft. above the floor, to carry the ends of the destroyed rood-loft. In the south wall of the nave is a fine three-light window with 32(i Notes on Place* Visited by the Society in 1895. flowing tracery, surmounted by a gable springing from the eaves of the nave roof. The south porch seems to have been added at the same time. The outer doorway has been much cut about and altered, but the label mould still remains. The roof is original, of open arched rafters resting on a wall-plate ornamented with dog-tooth at intervals, similar to that of the aisle at Nettleton. The stone seats on each side are original. The square-headed two-light window of the nave west of the porch is of the same date, with its tracery cut out, but indications on the head, jambs, and mullion show it to have been similar to the two-light window in the chancel. The tower is divided from the nave by a very curious arch, consisting of three chamfered members towards the nave whilst it is quite flat towards the tower. The opening in the clear is only about 5ft. The belfry has a two-light window in each face ; the mullion of the north one is formed out of part of a thirteenth century shaft and base, presumably the remains of the original treatment instead of the plain mullions. There is one lancet in the west face to light the ground-floor, and one above into the ringing-chamber on the west and south faces. There is one bell inscribed : — " Mr. Thomas Ford and Joseph Oriel Churchwardens 1765. J. Bilbie fecit." The font is octagonal and of the fourteenth century. The pulpit is of wood, of James the First's time, and is handsomely carved as well as the sounding-board, which is original, but un- fortunately the whole has been heavily painted and grained. There is a large chest of the same time and work under the tower. The last, but not least, addition to the Church is the large mortuary chapel of the Methuen family, on the north side of the nave, erected about 1793. The ceiling is painted with various coats of arms arranged very ingeniously into a genealogical tree. This chapel must have superseded an earlier chapel or aisle, as Aubrey mentions various monuments as occurring in the " North Aisle."1 Jackson's Aubrey, p. 117. By Harold Brakspear, AM. LB. A. 327 Near the Church and just below the present rectory house is an old house with a two-light fifteenth century window, with cusped jheads to the lights and flat label over, the whole is of exceedingly 'jgood workmanship and apparently in situ ; but now blocked up. On the same house one of the gables is terminated by an octagonal open-work finial similar to those on the Greorge Inn at Norton St. Philip. BlDDESTONE. The present parish of Biddestone was formerly divided into two parishes, namely, St. Peter's and St. Nicholas', both of which had a Church of their own. i St, Peter's. In Aubrey's time this was " lamentably ruined and I converted into a barne but was formerly a pretty little Church and, i about the beginning or a little before the late warres was [held] not only Prayers but also Communions." 1 This Church was taken down 5 about 1840, and the bell-turret is preserved in the grounds of Castle ' Combe. Fortunately careful measured drawings were taken just 1 before its demolition and show that it was mostly of fifteenth century work and consisted then of nave and south porch — the | chancel and a chapel on the north side having been destroyed previously.2 The present Eector (Kev. J. A. Johnson) has kindly gone to the trouble and expense of endeavouring to find the foun- dations of the Church ; but apparently the demolition was so complete that nothing now remains; nevertheless the thanks of the Society are due to him, and if anything had been found doubtless the whole would have been opened up for this occasion. St. Nicholas. This is a small but interesting building, and consists of nave with south porch and chancel with bell-turret and an addition to the east which is said to have been built with stones from the destroyed St. Peter's. The south doorway is the earliest part in situ, and is a good hut 1 Jackson s Aubrey, p. 53. 2 Pitgins Architectural Examples, vol. III. VOL. XXVIII. — NO. LXXXV. 328 Notes on Places Vi»it<>riginal work. Two stone arches springing from semi-octagonal iorbels in the side walls originally carried a stone slab roof, which vas removed, as well as the upper part of the arches, when the milding was raised ; but the lowest and projecting course of slabs itill shows on the outside of the chapel and priest's chamber as well, ;o that probably the whole of the original roofs were constructed in ids way. Two narrow two-light windows were inserted on either dde just against the east end during the later fifteenth century alterations ; that to the south is blocked up, and the head with a Hat moulding cut on is all that is visible. The hospice portion, except the west wall, contains nothing of the original work, as both side walls were re-built to widen this part ^-as is evident at the north-west corner, where the original plinth stops and returns into the wall at about 2ft. from the present angle. The west doorway is four-centred within a square head, between which are well-carved spandrils with a shield in each. Above the door, but much out of centre, is a boldly-projecting niche with canopied head and the sides pierced with cusj)ed headed openings. It is supposed to have been intended to hold a lamp ; if so it is a curious and early example of the familiar light over the door of a modern hotel. The gable above is finished by a simple stone bell- cot of the later fifteenth century work. In the south wall, on the inside, are two arches, the western one was the entrance to the staircase turret — now destroyed — which gave access to the upper floor through the now blocked-up ogee-headed doorway above. The eastern arch seems to have been merely a recessed seat. In the same wall further east is another doorway, on the west side of which is a two-light window with four-centred archod heads with no cusps to the lights. During the late conversion of the hospital into a serviceable Notes on Corsham Church. Chapol-of-case to Box Church, the fifteenth century heams of the added floor were removed, except the one against the west wall ; they were boldly chamfered with stopped ends. The west porch is very simple in design, with small four-centred arched doorway of entrance, with the remains of a holy water stoup on the south side. Above the door is a single-light window. The priest's chamber has a good three-light pointed window in the north gable with label mould and tracery little removed in style from Decorated work. In the north-east angle is another circular flue for a lamp, but whether used contemporaneously with the one at the east end is doubtful. There is a large fireplace on the ground- floor next to the arched door of connection with the hospice, also a similar arched door above, to serve the upper story, and both doors and fireplace are of the later fifteenth century alterations. Jotes on Cowjjsm Cjjntfj}.1 By C. H. Talbot. (^^P^HE reason why I have desired to read some notes on Corsham Church is this. I knew the Church, to a certain extent, before the alterations of 1878. I foresaw the mischief that was going to be done, though not the full extent of it, and, to the best of my ability, I endeavoured to avert it, but without effect. Un- fortunately I have mislaid the notes that I made at the time. The Church, as I first knew it, was a very interesting one, standing in need, however, of a careful and conservative restoration, which it was not destined to obtain. The principal defect then existing j internally was that, on each side of the Norman nave, a pillar had been removed and one large arch had been substituted for two of 1 Read on the spot,. July 31st, 1895, By C. H. Talbot. 335 he original arches. At what exact time that was done I am not ible to say, but it was most unsightly, and the replacement of those .ost pillars and arches, in 1878, was the only part of the work, then carried out, to which the term " restoration " can properly be applied. The Church had a Norman nave, which still remains, and there is mdence that it was lengthened, at the west end, by one bay, in the Gorman period. There was a central tower, and I am under the Impression that originally the Church may have been, as in many :>ther cases, without transepts, as I remember an internal string- ' 30urse, probably Norman, which appeared to have been cut through ;or the insertion of the transept arches. The latter and, I think, jilso the west tower arch were pointed arches, transitional 1 between Norman and Early English. The arch, opening into the chancel, jwas of the fifteenth century, panelled but not similar to the present Chancel arch. Above the roof, the lower stage of the tower was Early English, with single lancet windows on the sides. A photograph, in my possession, shows that the lancet window, on the west side, was out jof the centre, in order to avoid the nave roof, and that proves that !the nave had, in the thirteenth century, a roof of much the same height as in the fifteenth. Above this Early English stage was a •belfry story of the fifteenth century, with two-light windows, jhaving tracery of flowing lines, and bold stone waterspouts under 'the parapet, similar to those on the porch. This again was sur- i mounted by a nondescript erection, with a battlement and pinnacles, set back a little, which was probably erected when the spire was removed, for a spire formerly existed and was remembered 2 by the late Sir John Awdry. A small circular clerestory window, on the south side of the nave, was discovered, during the "restoration," and opened out. Its 1 ■ j 1 It would perhaps be more correct to say that they were Early English, ] retaining some Norman character, in the caps. 2 In his address, as President of the Society at Chippenham, 1869, Sir John \ Awdry said {Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xii., p. 139) : — "From thence [Lacock] ' they would go to Corsham, where they would see a church which when he was a boy had a high spire." It is stated in the Church Rambler, vol. ii., p, 492, that " the spire was taken down in 1812." 336 Notes on Corsham Church. exact character requires to be ascertained by examination. It has been assumed to be Norman, but it may perhaps prove 1 to be Early English. It now opens into the aisle, showing that the original south aisle was lower than the present one. The same was the case with the north aisle, as an examination of the west end of that aisle externally shows that the upper part is built against the pre- existing clerestory of the nave, of which the quoins remain. If the Norman north aisle were of the same width as the present aisle, it would be unusually wide for its height. The probability therefore is that it was narrower, and that the Norman doorway, in the north wall, has been shifted, in the fourteenth century. Previous to 1878 the north aisle was most interesting, remaining, in its main features, much in the condition into which it had been brought in the fourteenth century. It is noticeable that, at that date, this aisle absorbed the north transept, by the removal of the west wall of the latter, and the arch, opening from the aisle into the Tropenell Chapel, on the north side of the chancel, was then erected, ] which shows either that there was an older chapel on that site, or a chapel of the fourteenth century since demolished, or that the arch was prepared for an intended chapel. As there remains the head of an Early English lancet window, just above the arch, it follows that, if there was an earlier chapel, its arch of entrance was a much lower one. The aisle had three two-light windows, on the north side — two of which remain in situ and one has been removed into an annexe, added at the " restoration," and, in the removal, has lost its appearance of antiquity— and a three-light window, which remains, at the west end. All these are of good Decorated character, with a peculiarity in the tracery, which occurs in the Decorated windows at Malmesbury, and, I believe, also in Exeter Cathedral. Externally this aisle retained the stumps of two original gable crosses of the fourteenth century, which had crocketed shafts, a fact which was either overlooked or disregarded, in the " restoration," and new crosses, which have no such characteristic; were substituted. The roof is of the fifteenth century. 1 As the result of examination, it does not appear to be Norman, and is probably Early English, perhaps altered, at a later date, internally. By C. II. Talbot. 337 The Tropeiiell or Neston Chapel, on the north side of the chancel, of the fifteenth century, has a very fine stone screen, with fan- j vaulting under the loft,1 considered to resemble work at Great Chalfield Manor House, through which it is entered from the west j and against which are the indications of two altars, of the same I date as the screen. The principal feature of interest, in this chapel, j is the very fine monument of Thomas 2 Tropenell, of Great Chalfield | and of Neston, in the parish of Cor sham, and his wife, who was of ■ the Ludlow family. There is also a smaller monument to another ' of the Tropenell family, in the north-east angle. There is a good 4 piscina in the south wall. The chapel is very lofty and, against the j east wall, are two corbels, one above the other, bearing the arms of I Tropenell and Ludlow, which have, no doubt, carried statues. In < one of the north windows 3 are some remains 4 of original glass, \ showing a badge of the Hungerford family, three sickles interlaced, 1 but much older than the time of Sir Edward Hungerford, of I Corsham, and perhaps referring to Walter, Lord Hungerford, of I the time of Henry the Sixth. The chapel has an original high I roof, of the fifteenth century, unrestored. Externally there is a | very interesting hip-knob, of the same date, with open tracery, on ] the gable. The chancel, which exhibits no feature earlier than the fifteenth | century, though some part of the walls may be older, remains ! without much alteration, but the chancel arch is new. The main 1 1 Cresting has been added, for which, I believe, there is no authority. The • screen has suffered, in effect, by the alterations and addition to the aisle. 2 Said to have died in 1490. ' 3 There are three windows in this chapel, one at the east end and two on the j north side, all of three lights. 4 These are in the westernmost of the two north windows. In one place, the I three sickles twice repeated, are in situ. In another, there is part of a leaf in situ, , and the opening is patched with the three sickles. There are also three other small pieces of glass in situ. This is all that now remains of the heraldic glass that I was formerly in the north windows of the Neston Chapel, amongst which the , Hungerford arms, encircled with the garter (for Walter, Lord Hungerford), \ occurred. Much of this glass was removed to Neston House, by William Eyre, Esq., in 1675, and again, at a later date, was removed by Sir William Hauham to his house in Dorsetshire. (See Jackson's Aubrey, p. 81.) j' 338 Notes on Corsham Church. timbers of the roof, which has a very low pitch 1 internally, are of the fifteenth century. The mullions of a window, on the south side, now blocked, are carried down, to form sedilia. Whether this was an original arrangement or not, I am not certain. This and the east window (both three-light) appear to be of the same date, in the fifteenth century, but a smaller three-light window, in the north wall, differing somewhat in character may differ also in date. On the south side of the chancel is a very fine chapel of the fifteenth century, but apparently rather later than the south window of the chancel, as the masonry of the chapel is skewed, to give light to the latter. It communicates with the chancel by two panelled arches. Such arches generally indicate that they have been cut I through an earlier wall. In this case, instead of the panelling being carried down the jambs as usual, the centre pier is turned into an octagonal shaft. The chapel has very fine four-light windows. At first sight the east window and the easternmost window on the south side appear to have been blocked up, in the lower part, with ashlar, but they were so built, there being an ancient vestry2 inside, 1 Externally, the roof is a high one, and was so before the " restoration," but not, I believe, originally. The wall, over the east window, appears to have been then re-built, and my impression is that, before such re-building, there was evidence externally that the original pitch of the roof was a low one. My notes, made at the time, if I could find them, would probably show, but I could not ascertain that anyone remembered. It should be noticed that the recent alterations of the Church were not simultaneous. The chancel was, at first, let alone, but shortly afterwards taken in hand, under the superintendence, I believe, of a different architect. The annexe, also, added to the north aisle, followed ill after the first work to the Church. 2 It must be understood that this room only rises to a slight height, and that j there is a loft over it, open to the rest of the chapel and reached by a contempo- j rary stair. This loft was, before the restoration, used as the vestry, and there ■ is, I believe, no evidence that the room itself was used for any other purpose than j keeping the records. I have seen some old chests in it, which are now, I under- pj stand, at Corsham Court, there being apparently no proper place for keeping j them in the Church. Canon Jackson says {Aubrey, p. 80, note 1) : — "The Yicar i| has an old claim of Episcopal privileges within the parish. There is a volume h of wills in the Register chest, and a seal with 3 trees and a Hebrew inscription." The volume in question is, I believe, now at Somerset House, having "been, at | one time, in the possession of a well-known antiquarian bookseller, now deceased, f Canon Jackson told me the whole story of its vicissitudes. I have seen formerly j some old books which had been, at one time, chained in the Church. They are, | I understand, now at the Court. By C. H. Talbot, 339 lit by two small windows. This is said to have been the " Con- sistory," and as Corsham was formerly what is called a Peculiar, the vicar having had probate of wills, the records connected therewith were, no doubt, kept here. The vestry seems to have been reduced j in size at the " restoration," but it retains an original arched doorway, in a partition wall, surmounted by some very good wood panelling, | with the remains of painting and gilding. This chapel, on its I erection, had absorbed the south transept,1 by the removal of its j east wall, just as the north nave aisle had absorbed the north transept, by the removal of its west wall. The chapel opened into ■A the south nave aisle by an early pointed arch of the old transept. ! In modern times, an arch, in imitation of this one, was erected ] on the site of the demolished east wall of the transept. At the j " restoration," the ancient arch was actually removed, and the ' modern arch retained, and part of the panelled wooden ceiling of the chapel may be seen, in what has now become an extension of B the south nave aisle. This is a good ceiling, which appears never j to have been quite finished,2 having a very low pitch, like that of ' the chancel, though the pitch of the actual roof is a high one. l An original window of this chapel, in perfect condition, was j removed at the " restoration," and a new tower and spire erected : to the south of it. The terminals of this window appear to have been re-used, in the new window, in the tower. The south aisle of the nave is, to all intents, Perpendicular. Its west window has tracery of flowing lines, and has very much the appearance of Decorated, but I do not think it differs much, if at j all, in date,3 from the side windows. I believe it to be a Decorated 1 The weathering or dripstone of the high-pitched roof, which once existed, to » this transept, remained, on the south side of the central tower, and appears in j the photograph which I have referred to above. The Early English lancet j window, on that face, was in the centre, and came down lower than the one on I the west face. The point of the drip was under it, showing the roof of the transept, in the thirteenth century, to have been much lower than that of the nave. ; 2 The mouldings are not finished at the mitres. j 3 1 have been asked to state my reasons for not classing this window as Decorated. The hood-moulding has some reminiscence of Decorated, but as muoh or more of Perpendicular character ; but the most conclusive evidonce of the date i of the window is that the jambs are all of one work with the adjacent Perpendicular JYofes on Corshyrn Church. design, modified when erected. The roof of the aisle is Perpen- dicular. There are remains of a piscina, in the south wall, which may be Early English. There is a very fine groined south porch, of the fifteenth century, to which is attached a staircase, dated 1631, exhibiting the arms and badges of the Hungerford family, and probably built, jointly, by Sir Edward Hungerford and his wife Margaret, who, in 1668, after his death, founded the free school and almshouse. The stair- case is very interesting, as an example of the survival of a taste for the old Grothic forms,1 at a time when the style was actually dead. It led, from the interior of the porch, to a gallery in the aisle, which has been taken down, and, though the original stairs have been removed, the stonework has fortunately been spared. Two picturesque stone windows of the same work, in the roof of the aisle, which lit the gallery, have also been removed. Why they might not have been retained is not quite obvious, as it seems that the aisle is rather dark now. In the south wall of the aisle, internally, are traces of a doorway which may have communicated with an original staircase to the chamber over the porch. The font is of the fifteenth century and has some good panelling. The west window 2 of the nave is Perpendicular, and there is a staircase turret, adjoining, of the same date, which leads to the roof. buttresses, the joints running through. The Perpendicular windows, in the south wall, are a two-light, near the west end, and two three-lights, on each side of the porch, in the westernmost of which there is a small piece of original glass, in situ. 1 A string course of the porch is copied and continued round this work. There is also a two-light window, which is a fair imitation of Perpendicular work. With regard to the arms, on the south or principal face, is a shield of Hungerford, of nine quarterings, and the crest, a garb between two sickles, and the motto, et diev mon appvy, and under it the date. On the east face, in the centre, is the shield of Halliday (Lady Hungerford's family), with the crest mutilated, and the motto, qvarta salvtis, which I cannot interpret, unless Quarta be an error for Charta. On each side is the shield of Hungerford, of four quarterings, impaling Halliday, with the letters e. m. h. beneath, for Edward and Margaret Hungerford, I suppose. 2 It is a three-light. Over it, in the gable, is another three-light window, apparently of the last century, which was, no doubt, inserted to light a gallery. Under the west window of the north aisle is inserted a rather interesting doorway of the seventeenth century, with a projecting canopy. By C. H. Talbot. 341 | The roof of the nave is also Perpendicular. Two of the old bench ends, of the fifteenth century, remain at the west end of the nave, and one at the west end of the south aisle. These have been copied in the new seating, but the copies are not equal to the originals, j Some remarkable stone fragments were found at the " restoration," ! but what has become of them I have not been able to ascertain.1 j The removal of the central tower is to be deplored.2 I am aware I that it was considered an obstruction, but that was not sufficient to j justify what has been done. Its removal has also brought into j prominence the divergence of the lines of the chancel and the nave, | which was not so evident before. J [On March 11th of the present year I detected a previously ! unobserved fact, viz., that the chancel of Corsham Church was lengthened, in the fifteenth century. I noticed that the lower part .] of the north wall of the chancel, where it projects beyond the * Tropenell Chapel, is built against a previously-existing buttress of ! the fifteenth century, which faces east, and that, to give room for j the arch of the small three-light window above, part of the tabling of the same buttress has been cut away. This suggested that the original east wall of the chancel ranged with that of the Tropenell j Chapel. A stone spout of the fifteenth century, which now faces north and is evidently not in its original position, may probably r originally have been between the two roofs and facing east. There ! is evidence also internally of extension from the same point, the ! ridge-piece of the extended portion of the ceiling being lighter and ' not quite in the same line with the rest. There is also some ! difference in the other timbers. There would probably be more 1 I was informed, when the Society visited the Church, that these fragments j are preserved at the Court. 2 It is due to the architect to say that, at first, he objected to removing it. I I myself suggested to a gentleman, who was one of the churchwardens, that, if , the obstruction of the Church internally was considered intolerable, the tower might be re-built on the same site, with higher and wider arches, and its ex- ternal appearance be preserved. I was told that the expense would be too great. | The present tower is so situated as to be crowded up with the porch, and some 1 damage has also accrued to the adjacent old south wall of the aisle, and. in a j less degree, to that of the chapel, as a consequence of its erection, owing to settlement. 342 Notes on Lacock Church. obvious cvidonce that the eastern portion has been added, but for the fact that, at the point of junction, a new couple has been inserted, resting on two new corbels, at the restoration. The extension of the chancel also suggests a possible explanation of the difference in design of the north window of the chancel from the east and south windows. It may have been originally the east window of the unextended chancel — and, if it had there taken the place of a Norman window, that might account for its small size. Some reason for the difference of design there must, I think, be.] By C. H. Talbot. (Head on the spot August 2nd, 1895.) ^rp^O DOUBT there was formerly a Norman Church on the |j| gj| site of the present Parish Church of Lacock, and some part of it probably remained standing until the fifteenth century, as we found, in re-building some of the Perpendicular work, on the south side, in 1875, a great many Norman stones, re-used as building material by the later builders, so that Norman work was probably pulled down, when the Perpendicular work was put up. Such Norman fragments 2 as came out were removed to the Abbey for 1 The Church is dedicated to St. Cyriac — a very rare dedication. It is of considerable size, cruciform, with a western tower and spire, and has this peculiarity, that the greatest breadth, from end to end of the transepts, is about the same as the total length of the Church. The architectural history of the building is, by no means, easy to understand ; and, though I have studied it for a considerable time, and have had the advantage of other opinions upon it, I cannot profess to have mastered it yet. 2 Norman and other fragments, but the majority were Norman. These are stones, which formed part of pillars or responds, and arch stones, which retained painting of a later date — thirteenth or fourteenth century. The colours were By C. H. Talbot 343 preservation, but more1 remain in the walls. No Norman work pemains in situ. : The oldest part of the existing building consists of the walls and vindows of the north transept. Until 1861 that transept retained is original proportions, and probably the roof which had a rough cambered tie-beam, was original, but as it was ceiled and white- washed, no distinctive features were apparent. In 1861 the Church underwent the process conventionally called .'est oration, which was carried out with a want of judgment not uncommon, but was not so destructive in this, as in some cases. However, one great mistake2 was made, in the raising of the transepts. The great Perpendicular transept arches had evidently : been prepared with the intention of re-building the transepts, but had a beam across the springing and, above it, were closed with lath and plaster, and, no doubt, had never been permanently open. Some of the mouldings of the north transept arch appeared ex- ternally, above the old roof of the transept. In order to open 3 bright, when found, but the greater part of the painting has since faded. There |are also stones of a Norman hood-moulding. In cutting through the east wall ?of the south transept, near the ground, for a ventilation opening, a mutilated iNorman cap was found. There are also two fragments, apparently of a Norman jgable cross, in which are two very remarkable clean cut sockets, the only ex- planation of which, that I can think of, is that they were intended as receptacles jfor relics, for the supposed protection of the building. 1 Two pillar stones remain, over the great arch of the south transept. 2 1 am thankful that I have no share in the responsibility for that mistake. 1 1 was absent from Lacock at the time, and, in any case, should probably have had very little voice in the matter. 3 When it was too late, those of the parishioners who understood the subject ; saw the mistake that had been made. If a model of the intended alteration j had been first made, they might probably have seen it in time. I was told ' that the architect did not desire to open these arches. Apparently he was i induced, against his better judgment, to undertake the solution of a not 1 particularly easy problem, and he cannot be congratulated on the result. Un- ] fortunately, also, a state of things has been produced which will require to bo rectified, in the future. The then owner of Lackliam offered, either to give a certain sum to the restoration fund, or to restore the south transept | at his own expense. Unwisely, as I think, the second alternative was accepted, , and he put a new roof, according to his own ideas, and differing from that of the north transept. J VOL. XXVIII. — NO. LXXXV. 2 B ] 844 Note* on Lacock Church. those arches the transept walls were considerably raised, in 1861, ruining the proportions of the north transept especially, which previously were most satisfactory,1 and overloading 2 the old walls. Moreover, a new roof was put to the north transept, actually less steep than the old one. In the Decorated windows of this transept there is still a little of the original glass,3 in situ. The lower part of the tower, at the west end of the nave, appears to be of the fourteenth century, but there are many evidences of alteration and re-construction. [I am indebted to Mr. Pouting for opening my eyes to the fact that the tower has been, to a great extent, re-built. I had previously supposed that the whole walls, with the exception of an obvious addition at the top, were of the fourteenth century, and indeed am responsible for a statement to that effect in the Journal of the British Archceological Association (vol. xxxvii., p. 181, June, 1881). In other particulars, also, my views, then expressed, have undergone necessary modification. Externally, I cannot say that there is any certain evidence of re- building until the lowest string-course is reached. From that string-course, at any rate, the re-building must commence, for it is of Perpendicular character and has not been inserted, as is evident from a slight set-off of the wall, immediately above it, at the south-west angle. In the west face of the tower, immediately over the porch, is a window of which I believe the arch to be fourteenth century work, in situ. The hood-moulding is distinctly Decorated, but the upper stone of it, on the north side, and a small keystone, are not original, showing that it has been repaired with work, imitated from the earlier work, but not true. The window, which is of three lights, now contains very debased Perpendicular tracery, probably introduced at the same time. The next stage of the tower 1 Fortunately there exists a photograph, taken at an earlier date by Foote, of Bath, which shows the original proportions of the transept, and from it was made the not very good woodcut which is prefixed to the second volume of the Church Rambler. The author, however, has omitted to state that it represents the Church as it appeared before the alterations of 1861. 2 Considerable injury has been done to the old walls, from this cause. 8 Principally in the west window. There is one small piece in the north window. By C. H. Talbot. 345 has, on the west face, a small circular window-opening, included in a square, and, immediately under it, has come to light, by the , removal of the modern clock face, a very remarkable stone clock dial, with twelve sunk panels, like a wheel. This dial and the window appear to be of the same date, in the seventeenth century. Higher up comes another string-course, similar to the former one, and ranging with the ridge of the roof of the nave. Up to this point the re-building was continuous, but the tower has been raised again, later, a few feet, finished with battlements and angle pinnacles, and a spire erected. The belfry windows are of two lights, and for their insertion the string-course, last mentioned, has been cut through, and then finished off with a return. Under the cills of these windows, on all four sides of the tower, are the blooked- up remains of other windows, narrower externally but more widely splayed internally. That on the east side is only to be detected | from the inside of the belfry, and as it would, if remaining in its | original condition, open into the Church, under the nave roof, that seems to show that the present roof of the nave is really later, j though at first sight it might be supposed earlier. The belfry window, on the east side, is, to a great extent, blocked by the nave ! roof, and must, I think, have been so from the first. It would j appear that it was, at one time, intended to raise the tower, by ons clear stage, above the nave roof. For some reason the intention was abandoned, and the belfry stage lowered down. The present tower and spire are too low for effect. Internally, the jambs of the tower arch appear to be of the fourteenth century. The arch itself has, apparently, been re-constructed. It is rude and of little interest. There is no proper junction between the arch and jambs. Probably the jambs were built up, to meet the arch, but, at that point, a ' gallery has been erected and removed, so that the evidence is obliterated. Externally, the south clerestory of the nave, where it j adjoins the tower, appears to be built against the latter. A buttress, : adjoining the 'tower and abutting the south nave arcade, to which \ it belongs, has a shallow recess, on its south face, which has often 1 given rise to enquiry. I supposo there must have been, when it was erected, a small Norman or Early English window, in tho west \ 2n2 346 Notes on Lacoch Church. wall of tho aislo, and that tho object was not to obstruct it in anyway.] The north nave aisle, of very good Perpendicular character, must have been erected when the old north arcade of the nave was standing, and had 1 a groined vault, of which the springers may be traced, and also the outline of the vaulting against the west wall. This must have been removed when the north side of the nave was re-built, as it does not agree with the position of the present arcade, of which moreover, the spandrils are panelled on both sides, showing that no vaulting was then either existing or contemplated. Ex- ternally, the base mouldings of the north wall of the aisle are returned, at the point where they join the transept wall, showing an intention of re-building the north transept. The south transept has not been actually re-built, but has been greatly modernised. An archway, opening from this transept into the south aisle of the nave, dates from an earlier period than the south arcade of the nave, and I consider it as originally late Decorated.2 When the south nave arcade was built, it is evident that the north jamb of this earlier arch was removed, and the arch supported,3 as a temporary expedient, on a pillar of the new work, which pillar was of the same slight section as the other pillars of 1 I, at first, supposed that the vaulting had been intended, but never erected. The probability, however, appears to be that it was erected and afterwards demolished, when the north nave arcade was built. The springer of the vault, in the north-west angle, remains. Two other, springers, on the north side, have been cut back, flush with the face of the wall, which was not unlikely to be done, if the vaulting was removed, but perhaps less probable, if it had simply been never erected. The west window of the aisle is of five lights, and there are three four-light windows, on the north side, extended internally to the form of six-light windows, by blank panels, in the space occupied ex- j ternally by the buttresses. In the first of these windows, from the west, two small pieces of original glass remain in situ. Externally there is a niche, over the west window, with a very beautiful canopy. The latter contains small j niches, and is much mutilated, apparently in the removal of the figures from these subordinate niches. Where the carving is not mutilated it is well preserved, showing how well Bath stone will sometimes stand, for the work . is probably not later than 1437. 2 One original stop remains perfect, in the south jamb, and appears to be of the fourteenth century. j 3 Half the arch must, I suppose, have been re-set. The arch had a small | keystone, which was eliminated in 1875. Experience had taught the builder j that a keystone might be objected to by an architect. By C. H. Talbot. 347 the arcade. The junction with the old arch was treated as a corbel, and ornamented by simply stretching out the members of one of the octagonal caps of the small shafts. It had a strange appearance and was not really ornamental, but worse than that, it was not safe. My belief is that, in a very short time, the thrust of the old arch ! must have pushed out the pillar, towards the north, but the ad- ! ditional load of walling, placed on the old arch in 1861, made the ; matter worse, and a joint opened. The condition of things was so , threatening, that, in 1875, it was determined to take down and i re-build half the great arch 1 of the south transept and half the easternmost arch of the nave arcade, with the clerestory window j above. This was done, under the architectural superintendence of my friend, Mr. J. T. Irvine, who was, at that time, in charge of j the works at Bath Abbey, under the late Sir Gilbert Scott. The i slight Perpendicular pillar was found to rest on a very bad foun- i dation, so that the danger had, by no means, been exaggerated. I suggested that, as we did not desire to remove the late Decorated ] arch, as the Perpendicular builders ultimately intended to do, it • would be desirable to restore the lost north jamb of that arch, and < form a compound pier, which would be stronger and more satisfactory in appearance. This suggestion was adopted, and the whole work j carried out in a satisfactory manner. The south aisle of the ■ nave has originally had a wooden span roof,2 of low pitch. 1 In the west respond of the great arch, next the clerestory, we found that more mouldings than were wanted had been worked on the stones, and after- wards built up. This makes it probable that the stones were worked at the quarries. The mouldings, also, of the great arches, on the sides next the transepts, where they run back behind the face of the wall, were built up, intentionally, I believe, by the original builders. They were exposed to view in 1861. 2 The indications of this are a plain stone corbel, remaining in situ, at the north-west angle, and the outline of half the roof, against the west wall. From the position of the corbel, I am inclined to think it older than the nave arcade. There is a central corbel of the fifteenth century, over the west window, an angel bearing a shield charged with a bend, which may have belonged to this roof, but I am not certain ; immediately over which is a beam, with the date 1617 cut on it, which is, therefore, the date of the present roof. In the south-west angle, and on the south side, arc two corbels of the fifteenth century, kings' heads, which appear to me not to be in their original positions' 1 848 Notes on Lacock Church. I think it will bo admitted that the design of the nave, with the transept arches rising to the full height of a well-developed clerestory, is a fine one. A vertical line, in the masonry, between the north transept arch and north clerestory shows that one was built before the other. Probably the arch was built first. The westernmost respond of the north arcade appears, at first sight, to have been partly removed, for the insertion of a doorway, and the upper part to have been turned into a corbel and the shafts termi- nated as pendants, and this to have been an alteration of the sixteenth century, but I think examination 1 will show that it was so built. Whatever the actual date of the work, it is very late, and it may well be that the general design was decided on some while before its erection, and that this is a modification of the design, to admit of the doorway. The latter leads to a turret staircase, which ex- amination, externally, will show to be later than the west wall of the aisle. I consider it of the same date as the arcade. This staircase leads to the leads of the north aisle and to the north side of the roof of the nave, and also affords access to the tower. A carving, on the exterior of the north clerestory, apparently represents a man smoking a pipe, on the true interpretation of which work Members of the Society may, if so disposed, exercise their ingenuity. The nave has a good waggon roof, of the Perpendicular period, which was ceiled with boards, by the kite Mr. Sotheron Estcourt (then Mr. Sotheron), when he lived at Bowden Park. It was, I believe, previously boarded only in the smaller panels, at the east end, which was, no doubt, the original arrangement, and should have been preserved, but the present treatment was probably, at the time, considered an improvement. A tie-beam, at the east end of 1 It is, however, not easy to speak with certainty upon this point. If the respond ever continued down, how was access obtained to the staircase P Under the cill of the doorway are the remains of an earlier respond, which does not correspond with the line of the arcade, reaching a little further to the north, but by no means far enough to meet the vaulting of the aisle. How the latter was managed is not obvious, but I suppose there must have been a good deal of added masonry to carry it. By C. H. Talbot. 349 the roof, has been cut away, for the insertion of a very rich window.1 This runs down till it meets the chancel arch. It has been suggested to me that, when the window was inserted, an older and lower chancel arch was probably standing, and that it is the present chancel arch that has cut into the window, and not the reverse. Externally, this window is finished with an open parapet, which follows the line of the window arch, instead of that of the roof, and was surmounted by a niche,2 of which only the base now remains. The Lady chapel,3 on the north side of the chancel, is of late 4 but good Perpendicular work. It is vaulted with stone, and the vaulting, 1 Of six lights. I think this window, which has a stilted four-centred arch, is later than the Lady chapel. Internally the soffit of the arch is ornamented with carvings, which have evidently been fixed on with metal pins, as several , are gone, leaving the holes visible. In the centre are two aEgels, apparently holding the consecrated wafer. Next there have been two bosses, which are i goue. Next, on the south side, an angel holding a shield, and, on the north ] side, an angel accidentally reversed, with the head downwards. Next two ornamental bosses. Next, on the north side, an angel holding some object, j and, on the south side, a vacant space. Next the space for a boss is vacant, i on both sides. Next an angel holding a shield, on the north side, and | another angel, on the south side. In all there have been thirteen carvings. 2 This niche, when standing, would serve to mask the end of the nave roof, j I think it must have been taken down, to lighten the weight, as the figures ! only have been removed from the other niches, probably in the time of Edward the Sixth. The window arch has been tied with an iron rod, which indicates some failure of the work. It is noticeable that, on the south wall of the nave, the half battlement, which is part of this work, is higher than the rest ; and that, on the north side, the battlements and standards are of the same character, which shows that the work extended over the north transept arch. This was all thrown into confusion in 1861, but may still be made out. The battlements of this part have the coping carried rouud them, which I is not the case with the rest of the nave. 3 Dingley, in 1684, calls it " our Lady's Chappell." I once heard it called I " the Lady's Chapel " by an old inhabitant, now deceased, who must have j derived the name from tradition, and probably did not know the meaning of it. 4 I believe I have now ascertained the date of this chapel, within a limit j of ten years. Over the east window, externally, in the base of a niche, there i is a human figure, bearing a shield. The arms on this shield long defied | detection, being apparently two straps in bend, linked together by two rings, j They were so drawn by Dingley, in 1684. Since the visit of the Society, j Mr. Brakspear, in measuring the building, discovered that the apparent bend ! was really a saltire. This enabled me to identify the arms, without difficulty, j as those of Robert Nevill, Bishop of Salisbury, 1427 — 37 (gules, on a saline 350 Notes on Lacock Church. with its pendants, though not a fan vault, approximates to it. In the east window of this chapel a good deal of the original glass remains, in situ, patched in places, hut the design that filled the tracery may ho made out. On the north side of the chapel a very j beautiful window 1 may be seen externally, which was blocked for | the erection of a monument to Sir J ohn Talbot, who died March 13th, 17 f4 . This chapel was evidently converted into a mortuary chapel for Sir William Sharington, who died in 1553. The design for his monument was probably prepared in his lifetime, but the monument, which occupies the space of one of the side windows, was erected in 1566, and the execution of it is not quite equal to his work at the Abbey. The effect of this monument suffers from I the present painting,2 which was apparently executed in the last century, and the tinctures of the arms have been falsified. The west arch of the chapel was walled up, in the sixteenth century, and the wall contained a doorway of Eenaissance character, resembling, but again not quite equal to the work at the Abbey. About I twenty-five years ago, the arch wTas re-opened,3 and it was found 1 that the walling up, though it had mutilated the stone- work, had been the means of preserving some of the original painting, the ji argent two annulets interlaced in fess. — Pap worth, page 1079). This gives an earlier date, in the reign of Henry the Sixth, than most persons supposed. » I may here notice a remarkable fact, to which my attention was drawn by Mr. Ponting. In building the respond, of the easternmost of the two arches, j which open from the chapel into the chancel, the builders found that they had made the opening too narrow. Instead of pulling the work down they i set it back, and treated the junction in an ornamental manner. 1 It is noticeable that there is an analogy between this window and the north windows of the north aisle, though the latter have not the same beauty, and also between the east window of the Lady chapel and the west window of the aisle. 2 A small portion of the stonework, in the soffit of the arch of the monu- ment, has never been painted, and it is possible that, originally, the arms only were coloured. The tinctures were correct in Dingley's time. I 3 The Renaissance doorway was taken down, without much care, and the j stones lay in the churchyard, until, on an addition being made to the National 1 Schools, the architect of the new building — the late Mr. John Prichard, of | Llandaff — brought in the doorway, aa a door of communication between the old and new schools. About a foot of new stone was added in the jambs, to gain increased headway. By C. H. Talbot 351 rest of the chapel having been coarsely 1 re-painted. It also became apparent that, after the arch was bnilt and before it was painted, a .low stone screen was erected across it. The arch itself appears to be later than the north transept arch, as some of the respond 2 of the latter was cut away for its insertion. The south transept was the place of sepulture of the lords of the manor of Lackham, and retains a fine brass 3 to Robert Baynard, Esq., and his wife, Elizabeth Ludlow, and their children, 1501. This brass was, up till 1861, in its original position, with the feet J to the east. It was then shifted, for convenience of the seating. There are also, against the east wall of the transept, two wooden tablets of some interest, both erected in 1623, to the memory of Edward Baynard, Esq., who died in 1575, and Ursula,4 the wife of Sir Robert Baynard, who died in 1623. J The porch, at the west end of the Church, has the shield of Baynard and Bluet quarterly in its groining, and was therefore probably erected 5 by one of the Baynard family. 1 The original painting is much more delicate. A record, painted under the i east window of the Lady chapel and now partly scaled off, states that that j aisle was repaired and the chancel re-built in 1777, which probably gives the date of the re-painting. J 2 A shaft is cut away in a rough manner, but these alterations are very puzzling. There has been, at one time, a slanting communication, probably a processional opening, from the transept to the chancel, as is shown by the remains of [a long panel, with a cusped head, and against the face of this panel the south respond of the west arch of the Lady chapel is built, showing j that the latter is later. In this respond is constructed a somewhat rough ] hagioscope, the old opening being utilised. On the north side of the same 1 arch are remains of a double hagioscope, of which the openings appear to have been directed to the high altar and the altar of the Lady chapel respectively. I 3 Figured in Kite's Brasses of Wiltshire, plate xi., and Wilts Arch. Mag., * vol. iv., p. 3, but the artist has omitted the armorial shields, near the corners I of the Purbeck marble slab. j 4 She was the granddaughter of Sir Henry Sharington, being a daughter of I Olive, Sir Henry's third daughter and co-heir, by her second marriage with I Sir Robert Stapylton. Sir Robert Baynard appears, when his wife died, to | have put up these two tablets to her memory and that of his father. 1 5 It is very late, two of the pinnacles approximating to the form of some I Elizabethan finials. 352 Notes on Lacock Church. An annexe,1 on the west side of tho south transept, may have been built in the time of Charles the Second, but there has been I an older building there, of less projection — perhaps a south porch. Tho old pulpit, removed in 1861, stood on a stone base, on the i south side of the chancel arch, and was, I believe, of the time of J Charles the First. j The chancel was re-built in 1777, and — though well intended2 — j cannot be considered satisfactory. At that time, probably,3 the inner member of the chancel arch was removed. 1 This was supposed by Canon Jackson (Aubrey, p. 93, note 1) to have been I formerly " an ancient house," attached to the Church, and afterwards thrown into it. I believe this to be altogether a mistake. Mr. Ponting also says (Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxiv., p. 164) : — "The building which was erected '[ westward of the south transept, early in the seventeenth century, appears to 1 have been a dwelling-house of three stories, with an outside door, and the opening between it and the aisle is modern." The doorway, however, appears to be a fifteenth century doorway re-used. It resembles work at Bewley Court, j The opening into the Church I believe to be of the same date as the building I itself. In this annexe was formerly a gallery approached by a staircase, both H removed in 1861. It belonged to Bowden House, and that fact suggests a 1 possible explanation of the building itself, for there was once, in Lacock Church, a monument of considerable size and importance to George Johnson, Esq., of 1 Bowden, who died in 1683. There is a sketch of it in Dingley's History \ from Marble, p. ccccci. The subject is noticed in a paper on "the family | of James Johnson, successively Bishop of Gloucester and Worcester, by Walter | Money, F.S.A., reprinted with corrections and amendments from the Transactions j | of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society, vol. viii., part 2." | I met Mr. Money, when he came to search the Lacock registers for entries relating to the Johnson family, and he formed, I believe, the opinion that I this annexe probably contained that monument. The Johnson vault, however, j is in the south aisle, where is a monumental tablet to the Bishop. 2 Sir John Awdry described it (Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xii., p. 139) as "a very good piece of masonry, but constructed in entire ignorance of Gothic execution." Mr. Ponting says (vol. xxiv., p. 164) : — " The chancel was built I in 1777, and nothing more need be said about it." Perhaps not, but it may be permissible to point out that the builders have taken the trouble to copy | carefully and accurately the base -moulding of the Lady chapel, and to carry Jj it round the chancel. 3 This is now certain, as we have found this moulding of the arch remaining, ! above the ceiling, whilst the shaft is cut away below. Wilt* Obituary. 353 In 1876 the bells were re-hung,1 and the upper part of the spire vas re-built. The present font was introduced in 1861, and was, I believe, the ^ift of the architect, now Sir Arthur Blonrfield. The former one vas, to the best of my recollection, a Georgian marble urn — not a )ad thing in its way — and I rather regret its disappearance. I •emember two relics of the old oak seats of the fifteenth century, 'emaining either in the nave or aisles, before 1861. They dis- ippeared, but from them were copied, with some modifications, some oak seats, now in the south aisle and annexe. At a later date, .n taking up the floor of a house in the village we found that the joists were the remains of similar seats, no doubt removed from the Jhurch in the last century. Unfortunately I allowed them to remain, for a considerable time, on premises not in my own occu- pation, with the result that, when I ultimately asked for them, I jfound they had been destroyed. John Alexander Thynne, 4th Marquis of Bath. Died at Venice, April 20th, 1896. Buried, at Longbridge Deverill. The sou of the 3rd Marquis by the Hon. Harriet Baring, daughter of the 1st Baron Ashburton, he was born March 1st, 1831, and succeeded to the title on his father's death in 1837. Educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxon. Married 1861, the Hon. Frances Isabella Catherine Vesey, daughter of the 3rd Viscount de Vesci. Trustee of the British Museum, 1884. Chairman of Quartet Sessions for Wilts, 1880 ; Lord Lieutenant of Wilts, 1889 ; and Chairman , 1 This was done by Messrs. Hooper & Stokes, of Woodbury, Devon, who i succeeded in hanging the six bells in two tiers. Before that one of the bells I was up in the spire. The tower was, of course, not intended for so many j bells. In Lukis's Church Bells (p. 130), the names of the churchwardens, on j the fourth bell — which was cast in 1852, are given as Henry Qoddard, Esq., ! and Edward Barton. The first name should be Henry Goddard Awdry. I ; ascertained, in 1876, that the erroneous inscription is actually on the bell. i 354 Wilts Obituary. of the Wilts Couuty Council since its formation. It was in these capacities that he was best known and will be most widely missed in Wiltshire. As a | landlord he was most considerate and helpful in every movement for the i good of the people— and in his public life and private life alike was actuated by a high sense of duty. The Times says : — " Lord Bath never played a prominent part in political life, but he devoted a considerable part of his j time and energies to county business, and was universally respected as a j highly cultured scrupulously honourable English gentleman of the best j type Though a staunch Conservative in home affairs, he could I] not profess to approve of the Philo-Turkish policy of Lord Beaconsfield, and sympathised rather with the views and scruples of Lord Derby and Lord I Carnarvon. After the war (of 1877) he made a tour with Dr. Sandwith in the Balkan Peninsula, and published some of his impressions in an i interesting little volume on Bulgaria .... always a shy man, his I shyness seemed to increase rather than diminish with years, and sometimes j produced in those who did not know him intimately the impression that he was morose and unsociable. This impression was entirely erroneous . . . . He remained to the last under a cloak of reserve bordering on hauteur one of the most kind hearted of men." Obituary notices in Times, Standard, Devizes Gazette, April 29th, and Wilts County Mirror, \ May 1st, 1896. I Eev. Arthur Wellington Booker, Rector of Sutton Yeney. Died Oct. ij 29th, 1895. Buried at Woolhope, Hereford. B.A., Christ Church, Oxon, I 1863. M.A., 1865. Curate of Rode, Cheshire, 1867—70 ; Windrush, 1 Gloucs., 1870—72 ; St. Anne, Lytham, 1873—76. Vicar of Sproxton and $ Saltby, Leics., 1876—82 ; Croxton-Kerrial, Lines., 1882—1888. Rector of Sutton Veney, 1888 until his death. Obit, notice, Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, Dec, 1895. Eev. John Powell, Vicar of Hill Deverill. Died Nov. 3rd, 1895- Buried at St. John's, Warminster. B.A., Trinity College, Dublin, 1850. Curate of Brixton Deverill, 1853—58. Vicar of Hill Deverill, 1858 until I his death. He was greatly esteemed by his parishioners. Obit, notice, Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, Dec, 1895. Charles Hitchcock, M.D., of Fiddington, Market Lavington. Died : Nov. 3rd, 1895, aged 83. Buried at Market Lavington, amid a large assembly of " people of all classes, creeds, and politics." He took a very , active part in all Church matters in his neighbourhood, and it was largely owing to his exertions that Easterton Church was built and the parish greatly improved in many ways. He retained full vigour both of body and i mind to the last, and his death was felt as a loss throughout the neighbourhood, in which he was so well known and widely respected. Obit, notices, 1 Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, Dec, 1895, and Devizes Gazette. Eev. Edward Bullock Finlay. Died Jan. 13th, 1896. Buried at Avebury. B.A., Worcester College, Oxford, 1849. M.A., 1854. Held curacies in Suffolk, Kent, and Sussex, 1854—64 ; took pupils at Folkestone, Wilts Obituary. 255 1864 — 81 ; lived afterwards in retirement at Avebury until his death. He was a man of high scholarly attainments and wide knowledge in all branches of theology, and a frequent contributor in matters of scholarship to the Saturday Review, the Guardian, Church Review, and other Church papers. A long obituary notice appeared in the Church Review, partly reprinted in Devizes Gazette, Jan. 30th, 1896. lev. Alfred Codd, Preb. and Canon of Sarum. Died Jan., 1896. B.A., St. John's College, Cambridge, 1849. M.A., 1860. Curate of Witham, Essex, 1850—53. Rector of Hawridge, Bucks, 1853—57. Vicar of Beaminster, Dorset, 1857—90. Rector of Stockton, Wilts, 1890-91. Author of "Eight Lectures on Isaiah liii.," published 1864. Well known in the Diocese of Salisbury, and greatly beloved at Beaminster, Obit, notice, Devizes Gazette, Jan. 16th, 1896. ley. Bobert Canning Stiles. Died Feb. 15th, 1896. Buried at Froxfield. Brasenose College, Oxford, B.A., 1855, M.A., 1858. Curate of Woodchester, Gloucs., 1857—58 ; Mere, Wilts, 1859 ; Wapley, Gloucs., 1859—1861 ; Frampton Cotterell, 1861—64 ; Sheare, Surrey, 1864. Head- master, Shepton Mallet Grammar School, 1872 — 80. Curate of Froxfield, 1879 — 80. Vicar of Froxfield, 1880 until his death. During his incumbency the Church was restored, and he endeared himself to his parishioners by his simple gentle disposition. Obit, notice, Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, March, 1896. xeorge Selwyn Marryat. Died Feb. 14th, 1896. Buried in the Close, at Salisbury. A long notice of him, by "Red Spinner," in the Meld, re- printed in the Wiltshire County Mirror, March 6th, says: — "It is not too much, perhaps, to state that Mr. Marryat was practically the father of the now fashionable dry-fly school of trout fishermen .... his principal study was the development of the floating fly and its practice as we now know it The instructive plates in " Dry-fly Fishing" representing the various methods of casting, were from photographs in which the figure is that of Mr. Marryat .... I suppose no one who ever saw him put forth his skill would attempt to deny that he was the first on the list of dry-fly fishermen on the chalk streams to which he principally devoted his attention." Obit notice, Salisbury Joiirnal. (See below, p. 362.) Sdward Combes. Died Oct., 1895, at Glanmire Hall, Bathurst, Australia. He was born at Tisbury, 1830. Son of Mr. William Combes. Entered Government service in New South Wales in 1858. Afterwards acted as Government Mining Engineer, and was member of the Colonial Parliament for Bathurst, Orange, and East Macquarie successively. He held office as Secretary for Public Works ; was a member of the Executive Council in the Government of Sir John Robertson ; and was Executive Commissioner for the Colony at the Paris Exhibition of 1878, for which he was created a C.M.G. and appointed an officer of the Legion of Honour. Obit, notice, Standard, Nov. 27th, 1895. 356 Wiltshire Boohs, Pamphlets, and Articles. George Richmond, R.A., D.C.L., Oxford, LL.D., Cambridge. Born 1801). Though not a Wiltshircman by birth, the well-known portrait I painter has deserved well of the county in the eyes of all lovers of antiquity by his rescue of the beautiful old " Porch House " at Potterne, from ji dilapidation and possible destruction — and his restoration of it on most 1 strictly Conservative lines to the condition in which it now stands. Mr. 'I Bichrnond spent much of his holidays at Potterne, and was well known and j greatly respected in the village. Obit, notice, Devizes Gazette, March |! 26th, 1896. Rev. William Henry Edward Me Knight. Died May 3rd, 1896. B.A., Trinity College, Dublin, 1847. M.A., 1878. Curate of Westport, 1847—49 ;| Lydiard Millicent, 1851—64. Chaplain to the Earl of Suffolk. Settled at I Purton on his marriage, removed to Lydiard Manor in 1852, where for many | years he took pupils. A keen politician, at first as a Liberal, afterwards as 1 a Liberal Unionist. Rector of Silk Willoughby, Lincoln, 1879—1896. I Author of Lydiard Manor and its History, cr. 8vo, 1892 ; National Insurance the true Relief from the Poor Rate, a pamphlet, 1881 ; Dis- cerning the Signs of the Times, a sermon preached in Westminster Abbey, 1 Oct. 15th, 1893. Obit. Notice, Devizes Gazette, May 14th, 1896. Edward Benjamin Anstie. Born Oct. 19th, 1816. Died May 11th, 1896. Buried at the New Baptist Graveyard, Devizes. Though one of the best jj known and most generally respected citizens of Devizes, belonging to a j family which has held a prominent position in the town for two centuries, and the head of an important business— the well-known tobacco manufactory i — Mr. Anstie never took much part in municipal affairs. His bent was rather towards religious and philanthropic matters, in which he always took the greatest interest, more than one Nonconformist place of worship in Devizes and the neighbourhood depending largely on his generous support. l\ Both in private charity and the support of religious societies he was known v to be extremely liberal. Obit, notices, Devizes Gazette, May 14th ; and j Devizes Advertiser, May 14th, 1896. IHiltsfnre §oob, |kmpMcts, attfr Articles. Churchwardens' Accounts of S. Edmund's and S. Thomas's, Sarum, 1443 — 1702, with other documents. By Henry James Fowle ; Swayne, Recorder of Wilton, with an introduction hy Amy M. Straton, and a preface by the Lord Bishop of Salisbury. Salisbury : | Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 357 printed by Bennett Brothers, Journal Office, 1896. Royal 8vo, pps. xl. and 403. [Issued to subscribers of 10s. 6d. to the " Wilts Record Society."] This handsome volume, the get-up of which does the greatest credit to editor and printer alike, appears as the first year's issue of the " Wilts Record Society" — or, to be more accurate, as an earnest of what may be expected in the future of that society, if, and when, it comes into being. Whether, how- ever, this part of the series is destined to be followed by other volumes or not, everyone interested in the history of Salisbury, or of Wiltshire, must be grateful for the publication of these accounts, the earliest and most important of their kind in all probability in the county, forming as they do a perfect mine of illustration and information for the student of Church history and of social life and customs in the fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. , Practically the whole of the material was transcribed and much of it printed by the late Mr. Swayne before his death, and since then it has been edited, with the addition of an index nominum at the end, and a valuable analytical introduction of 30 pages at the beginning, by his daughter, Mrs. C. R. Straton, who has followed her father to the grave before the work for which the county has to thank them both could be published. The one fault of the book— a fault perhaps under the circumstances unavoidable, but still a fault which ( lessens its usefulness — is the absence of explanatory notes, except in the introduction, on the obscure words which abound in its pages. The introduction — which has been separately printed in the Transactions of the Salisbury Field Club — gives an interesting account of the principal contents of the volume. The earliest actually existing account at St. Edmund's is for 1443, ■ from which date until the beginning of the seventeenth century the accounts are fairly complete. In addition to the churchwardens' accounts the volume i contains an inventory of vestments, &c, in 1472, a list of briefs, and the accounts of the stewards of the Fraternity of Jesus Mass in the Parish Church of St. Edmund from 1476 to 1547. The accounts of St. Thomas's extend from , 1545 to 1690. Incorporated with the transcripts made by Mr. Swayne are many accounts copied by Mr. Benson, the originals of which have since dis- appeared, as well as entries from the vestry books and journal book. The duties i of the various Church officials, inventories of Church goods, the various Lights, Font Taper, Fulling Taper, Pascal Taper, Holy Fire, Rood Light, Altar i Lights, &c— The Scotale, King's Ale, and King's Plays — Hocktyde and Flick Friday — Gangweek — Funeral Customs— the Dances in Church — the various items of Church and parish expenditure— the changes in the services — and a hundred other subjects of the greatest interest are touched upon in these accounts. To take a single instance — the pew-rent system is often spoken of as a survival only from the evil days of the eighteenth century, but we here , find it, as indeed it may be found in many such early accounts, as the regularly I established custom of pre-Reformation times, dating at least from the middle • of the fourteenth century, when fixed pews in Churches seem to have become common. It is, indeed, impossible to open the book without comiug on some- thing of interest bearing on the social and religious life of the three centuries 1 with which it deals, and perhaps few things will bring home to us more vividly i the forgotten customs of those bygone days than the curt and business-like I statements of these old accounts. Reviewed Salisbur y Journal, May 16th, 1896. 358 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, (end Articles. A Handbook of British Lepidoptera, by Edward Meyrick, B.A., F.Z.S., E.E.S., Assistant Master of Marlborongh College. Macnnillau & Co., London and New York. 1895. Large cr. 8vo. Cloth. 10*. 6d. net. This stout volume of 843 pp. is designed, the author tells us, to supply a want created by the fact that since Stainton's Manual of British Butterflies 1 and Moths was published — thirty-six years ago — no really complete and scientific work on the British lepidoptera has appeared. Mr. Meyrick intends this work to enable any student to identify his specimens with accuracy, and « also to acquire " such general knowledge of their structure and affinities as I ought to be possessed by every worker before proceeding to more special investigations." The book, however, is not a "popular" handbook in the ordinary acceptation of the term, and, with the exception of diagrams of the I venation of the wings, on which the author founds the classification of the 1 genera and species to a great extent, there are no illustrations. It is intended ) rather to fill the kind of place in entomology that Hooker's Student's Flora I fills in botany, an exact description being given of each species in strictly | scientific language in the shortest possible space, together with a description of I the larva, its food plants, and its geographical range in Britain and throughout the world. The specific descriptions of the perfect insect have been drawn up from actual specimens by the author himself, which, when one considers the very large number of species of the smaller moths, must have necessitated an amount of conscientious and careful work which it is difficult to overestimate. But the portion of the work upon which the author himself probably sets the | highest value is that dealing with the classification of genera and species, and ' in this he breaks new ground and sets forth a definite system based upon thej latest discoveries as to the natural affinities and apparent community of descent of the various species— -the outcome of a study, as he explains, of the lepi- doptera, not of Great Britain only, but of the whole world — a study which enables him to give a " phylogeny " of each family that he deals with— or, in| other words, a "pedigree," showing the probable relationship and course of I development of the different branches of that family. It is an eminently 1 scientific book, the fruit not only of careful study but of a very wide knowledge j indeed of the subject with which it deals — a subject on which, always supposing f that the classification therein set forth is generally accepted, it will doubtless • become a standard authority for the future. It will, however, come as no \ small shock to collectors to find that the time-honoured classification of their j cabinets is to be so ruthlessly revolutionised. The old order in entomology is changing indeed, and yielding place to new, when the butterflies are to be found sandwiched in among the moths after the Bomhyces, and losing all j claim to be considered as distinct from moths at all ! Favourably reviewed in j Guardian, March 18th ; Spectator, March 28th, 1896. Etchings of Marlborough College and its Surroundings, by Edward j J. Burrow. Published by W. H. Beynon & Co., Cheltenham (1896). Price J £1 lis. 6d. Artist's proofs, £2 2s. This series of etchings of the college and town will doubtless be welcomed : Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 359 by old Marlburians as an interesting record of their famous school. The subjects chosen are Duck's Bridge, The Pavilion, The College Gate, The Oldest House in Marlborough, The East End of the Chapel, The Old House, Foster's j Shop, The Town from the Cricket Field, and The Approach to the College from the High Street. They are of very unequal merit. In three of them the artist has doubtless been inspired by the special charm of his subject, and has put forth his powers with quite admirable results ; " The Oldest House in Marlborough " is a delightfully picturesque bit of half-timbered work ex- cellently rendered — " The East End of the Chapel " well conveys the beauty of proportion and sense of ordered solemnity that the building itself possesses in such a remarkable degree— and the view of St. Peter's tower and the garden front of " The Old House " is a not unworthy presentment of what is, perhaps | the most beautiful thing to be seen in Marlborough. These three plates are excellent as etchings, and exceedingly pleasant to look on as pictures. On the other hand " The Pavilion " is a hopelessly prosaic theme, and has evidently i been felt to be so by the artist, and " The College Gate " is also bald and poor. From an artistic point of view, indeed, the series would have gained con- siderably by the exclusion of these two views. " Foster's Shop " runs the three first-mentioned hard, and the remaining plates are quite pleasing. On j the whole the artist is much to be commended, and the series is quite worth j the price at which it is published. jBob Beaker's Visit ta Lunnen ta zee tha Indian & Colonial j Exhibition, by the Author of Wiltshire Rhymes, 8fc. Salisbury. I 12mo. Sewn. [1896.] pp. 13. This little pamphlet contains a dialect prose story by Mr. Slow which ap- i peared as an appendix to some of the local almanacks this year. It is quite j one of the best things Mr. Slow has ever given us, exhibiting, as it does, real j humour and genuine South Wilts dialect — a combination which is none too ! common. The story of Bob Beaker's adventures in Duval's Dining-room, and J the swopping of his watch with the man " vrim Mericky " whose "fiather's I vrens war Willsheer voke," is very diverting reading. ;A Holiday in Salisbury and District. Published by Oliver Langmead. Compiled (by permission) from notes furnished by T. J. Northy. Price 3d. Post 8vo. Salisbury, 1896. Sewn. pp. 24. ; This is a useful little guide-book, giving just the main facts as to the principal objects of interest in Salisbury and the neighbourhood. jLancaster's Stonehenge Handbook : containing the opinions of some [J of the most eminent writers on the origin and object of that Mysterious Monument, &c. Salisbury. Cr. 8vo. [1894.] Sewn. < pp. 26. The introduction to this little pamphlet is in the true penny-a-line stylo, and contains a good deal of information about the Druids, mistletoe, and so forth, and several curious statements as to facts, e.g., that " there are indications of j two ovals of stones intervening " [between the sarsen and blue stone circles], and that there are " three entrances to the Temple from the Plain." The rest of the pamphlet consists in extracts from various writers, beginning with . Camden, 1600, and ending with Hatcher, 1834. VOL. XXVIII. — NO. LXXXV. 2 C 360 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. Wiltshire Notes and Queries, No. 12, Dec., 1895. The number opens with a continuation of Mr. Elyard's Annals of Purton, accompanied by nice I sketches of the Ponds Farm, Purton Stoke— once the " Mansion House " of | William Bathe, Vicar of Purton at the end of the seventeenth century — and "The Buthaye," where was brewed "the St. George's ale," connected in pre -Reformation days with the cult of that saint in the Parish Ohurch. Mr. Elyard's instalment is a very interesting one. Next follow continuations of Wilts Tithe Cases, in the seventeenth century, and extracts from the Gentle, man's Magazine. Interesting as these extracts are, it is a somewhat striking commentary on the general accuracy of the information contained in the magazine that, in the seven pages here given, Hagley in Worcestershire, Hebden in Yorkshire, Shipton, and Henbury St. Michael, are all stated erroneously to be parishes in Wiltshire ; whilst misspellings, such as Fiskerton Anges and Christian Welford are also found. The records available for the History of Cholderton and the list of Wiltshire Wills proved in the Canterbury Court are continued, and Mr. Kite begins a paper on " South wick Court and its Owners." The most interesting of the short " notes " is the identification of the two places mentioned in King Alfred's will — Swiubeorg and Langandene — as Swanborough Tump, between Woodborough and Pewsey, and Long Dean, on Marlborough Downs. The former was apparently the meeting-place of Ethelred and Alfred, as well as the spot from which the hundred takes its name. Ditto, No. 13, March, 1896. Mr. Elyard's well-written talk of Purton in the early seventeenth century, dealing with Ashleys, Maskelynes, and Hydes, with a good pen drawing of Clarendon House, and a process plate of a Maskelyne monument, is, as usual, interesting and readable. The records of Cholderton and extracts from the Gentleman' s Magazine are continued. In the latter the amazing recklessness as to accuracy of the editor of those days is again exemplified — Langley Abbots (Herts), Bushey (Herts), Northey (? Herts), Stimley, Hembury, Linbury, Amesden, Abbotston, Upminster (Essex), and Barclay are all men- tioned as parishes in Wilts ! The history of Southwick Court is concluded, with much genealogical detail from Mr. Kite's stores of such lore. Amongst the short notes an interesting point as to the builder of the old house at Keevil is raised by Mr. Talbot ; and an extremely quaint and curious old invitation card of the Wiltshire Society is well re-produced — it includes in one view Salisbury Cathedral, as seen from the Close, Stonehenge in the distance, a shepherd and his sheep in the foreground, and a flock of bustards between him and the Cathedral ! A process plate is also given of the heraldic stone at Warminster, illustrated in vol. xx. of the Wilts Arch. Mag. Altogether the number is a good one. Salisbury Field Club Transactions, vol. ii., pt. i. The number commences with an account of the proceedings of the club during 1895, including visits to Sherborne, Shaftesbury, Norrington, Wardour, and Malmesbury. Then follows the report of the annual meeting, from which it appears that the club now numbers seventy-nine members. This is followed by the introduction to the volume of Churchwardens' Accounts of St. Thomas's and St. Edmund's, Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 361 Salisbury, by Mrs. C. R. Straton, which has since been published, and of which a notice appears above. A short paper on the Position of Tumuli, by F. J. Bennett, F.G.S., is written in support of a theory of the writer's that in the < neighbourhood of Marlborough and elsewhere there is a connection between bourne and barrow, and that barrows were often intentionally placed near the heads or banks of bournes or streams. He suggests that these were the tombs of water worshippers, with the low-lying Avebury as the centre of their worship — whilst the barrows on the hill-tops, with Stonehenge as their temple, were those of the worshippers of fire — a theory which can hardly be said to have large foundations to rest upon. The number also includes copies of i ancient documents by Mr. Maiden and Lord Arundel of Wardour, supplemental notes on South Wilts botany, by Mr, E. J. Tatum, and a survey of the Close : in 1649. The Birds of Britford. Anlinteresting lecture on this subject, given by the Eev. A. P. Morres, at the Blackmore Museum. Reported at length in the 'j Salisbury Journal, Dec. 7th, 1895. No one is more competent than Mr. Morres to lecture on such a subject, but better things might have been expected i of him than the pernicious encouragement which he deliberately gives at the end of his lecture to the shooting of all rare birds so long as it is done to enrich j " a collection." Most genuine naturalists will feel delighted that the Hen • Harrier at Dogdean did not succumb to the wiles of the farmer, and was net honoured by a place in Mr. Morres' collection. There are many lovers of birds j — the writer of these lines amongst them — who would willingly go many miles to enjoy the sight of such a bird hunting in the flesh, who would 1 not say "Thank you" to see it stuffed in a case. What with collectors, j gamekeepers, and women's hats, the wonder is that any interesting birds at all l survive in the British Isles, or indeed in the world. | Salisbury and Constance. A Memoir of Bishop Hallam. A lecture delivered in the Blackmore Museum, Salisbury, by Canon Kingsbury, Dec. j 9th, 1895. Reported in Wilts County Mirror, Dec. 13th. The author deals especially with the action of the Bishop at the Council of Constance, 1414 — 1416, where he took the lead among the English representatives in advocating unity and reform, and, dying before its conclusion, was buried in the Cathedral i of that city. j Gilbert Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury. A lecture delivered at Salisbury, by the Dean, on the life, character, and work of Bishop Burnet, is partially reported in Salisbury Journal, Jan. 4th, and Wilts County Mirror, Jan. j 3rd, 1896. i Life in Salisbury in the XVth Century. A lecture at the Blackmore Museum, Salisbury, by the Rev. R. H. Clutterbuck, F.S A. Wilts County ■ Mirror, Feb. 7th, 1896. This lecture is based principally upon the Church- wardens' Accounts of S. Thomas's and S. Edmund's, which have since been I published. The lecturer regards Salisbury as being for the South of England j a complete compendium of niediceval customs, and few people are better able to speak with authority on the subject than he is. Incidentally he mentions a number of interesting survivals of ancient customs in South Wilts and I • 2 c 2 II 362 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. I ill Hampshire parishes — as, for instance, the " Waffers," stamped with the Tudor rose, which, within the last twenty years, were sold at Hurstbourne Tarrant f at Mid-Lent-tide, and bought by the people much in the same way as hot cross | buns. These wafers were also distributed at Weyhill by the Rector, Dr. Kilner, 1 who died in 1853. f; Ancient Pottery. A lecture delivered by Professor McKenny Hughes, F.R.S., I F.S.A., at the Salisbury and South Wilts Museum, on the occasion of the 1 opening of the room built as a memorial to the late Mr. J. E. Nightingale. 1 The most interesting point dwelt on by the lecturer was the fact now coming to be acknowledged, that Romano-British types of pottery, instead of ceasing to be made when the Romans withdrew from Britain, really continued in common use until after the Norman conquest, being associated with and gradually being superseded by, the glazed media3val pottery in the thirteenth century. Wilts County Mirror, Feb. 21st, 1896. " Some Reminiscences of George Selwyn Marryat," by " Red Spinner" [Win, Senior], Major Turle, R. B. Marston, and H. S. Hall, with a capital portrait. Fishing Gazette, 29th Feb., 1896, pp. 150—3. " The late Mr. G. S. Marryat," by Major Carlisle. Reprinted from The Field. Fishing Gazette, 7th March, 1896, p. 168. " A Wreath for G-eorge Selwyn Marryat's Tomb," by Cotswold Isis. Nine stanzas. I. — " Where Sarum lifts her lofty spire Above green lawns in beauty spread, There falls a gloom of sorrow dire, Sad Avon mourns her lover dead," etc. " In Memoriam George Selwyn Marryat," by T. Sanctuary, M.D. Eleven stanzas. I. — "Sleep, cherished friend, secure from storm and wind ; Thy life well acted, and thy past well played ! Where could a Selwyn fairer haven find, Than 'neath the sacred spire in cloistered shade?" etc. Eecollections of Salisbury — Salisbury — Old Sarum. A short article by "Salisbury" in Fishing Gazette, April 18th, 1896, on the author's fishing adventures as a schoolboy in the early sixties, with remarks on Prof. Fawcett and Mr. Marryat. There is nothing about Old Sarum. Salisbury Spire. An article, with one illustration, in St. James' Budget^ Jan. 31st, 1896. Two views of the part now under repair, with articles on the subject. Daily Chronicle, Feb. 29th, March 13th, 1896. Bromham. View of cottage and borders of flowers, in Gardening Illustrated, March 28th, 1896. Photo-process. Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 363 potterne. A pear tree in bloom at the Church House. Gardening Illustrated, Aug. 3rd, 1895. Woodcut. Vilts Visitation, 1565, is continued in the Genealogist, New Series, vol. xii., Long of Wraxall to Penruddock of Hale, pp. 163 — 171, and Pleydell of Lydiard to South of Swallowcliffe, p. 236. Che Woottoii Bassett Almanack and Directory for 1896, published by S. Riddick, contains a series of notes on the history of the place by Mr. ! W. F. Parsons, which it is much to be wished may be continued and extended in future numbers. No one knows so much of its history as Mr. Parsons. •jilmian's Devizes Public Register, Almanack, and Directory for ! 1896, has an article of 7 pp. on " Wiltshire Antiquities," by C. Gr., illustrated ; by cuts of Stonehenge, the Saxon Church at Bradford, and the old Noncon- : formist Chapel at Horningsham. The author dwells on the fact that these j three "Wiltshire buildings mark three distinct eras in the religious history of the country, and that each of them is the oldest of its kind in England. In his j account of Stonehenge the writer wisely follows Mr. Flinders Petrie, but he is not correct in saying that the blue stones of the inner circle " undoubtedly | came from Normandy." The description of the Saxon Church at Bradford is j much to the point — and the sketch of the history of the old Horningsham Chapel is not without interest. (Episcopal Palaces of England. By the late Precentor Venables and others, j With over a hundred illustrations by Alexander Ansted. Imp. 8vo. 21s. ' Isbister & Co. This is a re-publication, with some additions, of the series of i papers on Episcopal Palaces — including that of Salisbury — which appeared in i| the Sunday Mag. 1896. Favourable notice in Guardian, Dec. 4th, 1895. ■ Tom Moore and America. A paper of three pages by C. H. Hart in the Collector (New York), Feb., 1896, gives two unpublished letters of Moore's, ] one of them dated Devizes, 1818. [R>. Jefferies. The Bibelot, a Reprint of Poetry and Prose for Book-lovers, is a diminutive little serial published at Portland, Maine, U.S.A., of which vol. j ii., No. 3, for March, 1896, consists entirely of extracts from the " Story of ] My Heart." I Jerusalem a Praise in the Earth, by E. A. E. [Ernest Alfred Rawlence, j of Salisbury]. 8vo pamphlet of 15 pp. A collection of references to Palestine j in Scripture, explained as pointing to future developments in that country. i Speech delivered by Alderman Henry Phillips, at meeting held in { opposition to the Welsh Disestablishment Bill, at the Town Hall, Trowbridge, j June 12th, 1895. Pamphlet, cr. 8vo, 11 pp. j The Lion Sermon preached in S. Katherine Cree Chiirch, on Wed, Oct. 16th, 1895, by the Lord Bishop of Southwark [Dr. Yeatman]. • Pamphlet. Large 8vo, pp. 7. The founder of this sermon, in whose memory it was preached, was Sir John Gayer, Lord Mayor of London, whose portrait by Vandyke hangs at Stockton Houae* 364 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. The House of Lords : a Defence, by Henry Hull. Published by J. E. Watmough, of Idle. 3d. Pamphlet. Appeared originally as a series of ■■;« articles in a Yorkshire paper. Noticed, North Wilts Herald, 21st June, 1 1895. The author is a native of Wilts. " The Tintometer." An article in Chambers's Journal, March, 1896. Anl extremely valuable instrument for measurement of colour. Invented by J. W. Lovibond, of Salisbury. Largely used in commerce and science and medicine, as for testing flour, water, vision, colour-blindness, changes in the ji blood of hospital patients, etc., etc. Notice, Salisbury Journal, March 21st, ; 1896. I A Brave Surrender, one vol., Walter Scott, 1895, price 5s., is a story by 1 Emily Grace Harding (daughter of the late Dr. Harding, Vicar of Martin), the scene of which is laid principally in Salisbury and on the Plain. The Grave in the Yale, from Williams' " Poems in Pink," has been set to | music by Mr. Domingo Merry del Val. Dedicated to our hunting Friends in Wilts, and published by Hopwood & Crew, London. \ The Eelation of the Christian Revelation to Experience. A paper by | Emma Marie Caillard in Contemporary Review, Jan., 1896. The Intellectual Position of Christians. By E. M. Caillard. Five papers :} in Parents' Peview, Jan. — May, 1896. j Original Poems printed in the Wilts County Mirror. On the Retirement of the Duke of Cambridge, by J. T. Roe, Nov. 15th, 1895 ; on Approach of \ Winter, by Edwin Young, Nov. 22nd, 1895 ; Quidhampton, by Mary Dennant, Dec. 6th, 1895 ; England's Latest Heroes, by J. E. R., April 25th, 1896. Catalogue of Pictures and Objects of Art exhibited at The Larmer Grounds from September 2nd to September 9th, 1895. London. (1896.) Pamphlet. 8vo. pp. 21. This — as the preface by Gen. Pitt-Rivers tells us — is a record subsequently 1 issued of a collection of objects of art and interest lent by himself and other i residents in the neighbourhood, many of them with local associations, which I was opened to the public during the week of the Larmer Sports in 1895. It 1 is an eloquent testimony to the value of the efforts so lavishly made by the I General for the education of the people in artistic and historical matters, that j — although few places can be more " in the depth of the country " than Larmer j — no less than seven thousand nine hundred and thirty-one people visited the j exhibition during the week ! The Pushmore-Larmer G olf Links. 8vo. pp.14. (1896). This pamphlet i contains a map of Gen. Pitt- Rivers' latest addition to the attractions of Larmer, with the rules under which the links are available for the public, and the rules of the game. Additions to Museum and Library. 365 Portraits : — tfajor-G-eneral Lord Methuen, C.B., C.M.Gr. Excellent full-length portrait in The Navy and Army Illustrated., Jan. 3rd, 1896. Tlie Bishop of Salisbury and Mrs. Wordsworth (Miss M. Williams). Photo-process portraits in Black and White, Jan. 4th ; Churchtvoman, Jan. : 10th ; Penny Illustrated Paper, Jan, 11th, ; Queen, Jan. 18th, St. James' I Budget, Jan. 3rd ; a portrait of Miss Williams in The Lady, Jan. 9th, 1896, I and of the Bishop in The Star. }Rt. Hon. W. H. Long. Windsor Mag., Feb., 1896. ]3. Darling, of Beckhampton and Wroughton. Racing Illustrated, Feb. oth, I 1896. Thomas Henry Baker, as Chairman of Mere Rural District Council. ' Portrait and notice, Parish Councils Gazette, Nov. 2nd, 1895. |The Duke of Beaufort. Racing Illustrated, Not. 27th, 1895. » OS 00 r— I r-H rH X CO 30 ^ CM 0Q P — bJD a _T bD P hrl*r*' 00 £j 09 -4-3 p o3 X c3 EH 0 ho 1 § -4-3 o3 T3 o S CD -I .2r3 o3 03 g S3 S3 b£) O oi „ S3 § P * a <^ s-i S Ph S3 O CO 1 1 09. 11 OS o 51 rH 03 oi ^ s?w ^ P3 r-H 01 - o3 „ OS CM CO CO cd a p o 03 p t> P 2 J S3 rS c3 §■» O co rj co I? m 9 on & 2 % PU m Bu rH ^ ^ . O bp p ot-CrHoeoo © HCHMMN00 i>. rH CM CD K rQ § s .2 o> US CO CO O CO © CO 00 © CM rH O 00 © CM CM © © rH ^ pH . . CM CO ^ lO CO j • OS OS Ol OS OS .'. • 00 00 00 00 00 > co O rQ P cd Q3 CO o - Fh - 00 «H CD ba o CD rQ r-H p T3 8 «a a cB5 O ma,- il p § s bCra s 'C CO rH Tf CO 00 rH S3 rH CM CO ns (M CD cj 03 03 g t-3 PH <1 rC! ° ° ° 00 -jj 4J oSSo fee £ „ o3 &h rrjCC O p M CD CD " CD O OPfQ a w ^3 P o 50 © rH ■ OS O be £ 02 P el ass P3 OS H3 CSJCrM p p C 03 S be p 5 rS ► o3 03 -a 03 c - Eh - CO OS .00 • 03^ 5 S Presented tr ANNUAL MEETING. The Annual Meeting of the Society will be held at Salisbury, July uth—\m. July 14th. — The General Meeting will be held at the County Hotel, 2.30. The Cathedral and other objects of interest in Salisbury will be visited in the afternoon, and a limited number of Members will visit Longford Castle. July loth. — There will be an Excursion to Dean, Mottisfont Abbey, and Eomsey Abbey. July 16th, to Mere and Stourton. Papers on Salisbury Guilds, Eomsey Abbey, &c, &c, will be read at the Evening Conversaziones on the 14th and 15th. The surplus proceeds of the Meeting will be given to the fund for the repair of the Cathedral Tower and Spire. QUERIES AND REQUESTS. NOTES ON LOCAL ARCHAEOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY. The Editor of the Magazine asks Members in all parts of the county to send him short, concise notes of anything of interest, in the way of either Archaeology or Natural History, connected with Wiltshire, for insertion in the Magazine. CHURCHYARD INSCRIPTIONS. The Rev. E. H. Goddard would be glad to hear from anyone who is willing to take the trouble of copying the whole of the in- scriptions on the tombstones in any churchyard, with a view to helping in the gradual collection of the tombstone inscriptions of the county. Up to the present, about thirty-five churches and churchyards have been completed or promised. WILTSHIRE PHOTOGRAPHS. The attention of Photographers, amateur and professional, is called to the Report on Photographic Surveys, drawn up by the Congress of Archaeological Societies and issued with No. 84 of the Magazine. The Committee regard as very desirable the acquisition of good photographs of objects of archaeological and architectural interest in the county, in which special at- tention is given to the accurate presentment of detail rather than to the general effect of the picture. The Secretaries would be glad to hear from anyone interested in photography who would be willing to help on the work by undertaking to photo- graph the objects of interest in their own immediate neighbour- hoods. The photographs should, as a rule, be not less than half-plate size, unmounted, and must be printed in permanent process. TO BE DISPOSED OF, a duplicate copy <>f each of the following books: — Hoare's "Ancient Wiltshire," 2 vols., folio; "Modern Wilts," "Hundreds of Heytesbury " and "Branch and Dole," 2 vols., folio; Canon Jackson's "History of Grittlcton," I to ; Aubrey's "Natural History of Wilts," 4to ; Smith's "Choir Gaur," large paper Mo ; also the first five vols, of " The Wilts Magazine," containing all the rare numbers of that publication.— Apply to Mu. W. Cunninuton, 58, A-cre-lane, London, S.W. Wiltshire Books wanted for the Library. Will any Member give any of them ? . Pergusson's Rude Stone Monuments. Hoare Family. Early History and Genealogy, &c, 1883. Beckford. Recollections of, 1893. Ditto Memoirs of, 1859. Beckford Family. Reminiscences, 1887. Lawrence, Sir T. Cabinet of Gems. Sporting Incidents in the Life of another Tom Smith, M.F.M., 1867. Marlborough College Natural History Society. Report. 1881. Lord Clarendon. History of the Rebellion, Reign of Charles II., Clarendon Gallery Characters, Claren- don and Whitelocke compared, the Clarendon Family vindicated, &c. Broad Chalke Registers. Moore, 1881. Akermau's Archaeological Index. Hobbes (T.). Leviathan. Oliver (Dr. G.). Collections illustrating a History of Catholic Religion in Cornwall, Wilts, &c. Bishop Burnet. History of His Own Time. Ditto History of the Reformation. Ditto Passages in Life of John, Earl of Rochester. Warton (Rev. J., of Salisbury). PoeniSj 1794 Woollen Trade of Wilts, Gloucester, and Somerset, 1803. Riot in the County of Wilts, 1739. Price. Series of Observations on the Cathedral. Church of Salisbury. Addison (Joseph). Life and Works. Life of John Tobin, by Miss Benger. Gillman's Devizes Register. 1859—69. R. Jetferies. Any of his Works. Besant's Eulogy of R. Jefferies. Morris' Marston and Stanton. Moore. Poetical Works. Memoirs. Mrs. Marshall. Under Salisbury Spire. Maskell's Monumenta Ritualia. Sarura Use. Armneld. Legend of Christian Art. Salisbury Cathedral. 1869. Walton's Lives. Hooker. Herbert. Slow's Wilts Rhymes, 2nd Series. Register of S. Osmund. Rolls Series. Marian Dark. Sonnets and Poems. 1818. Village Poems by J. C. B. Melksham. 1825. Bowles. Poetical Works and Life, by Gilfillan. Collison's Beauties of British Antiq- uity. Bolingbroke, Lord. Life of, by Mac- knight. Massinger's Plays, &c. Guest's Origines Celticse. Stokes' Wiltshire Rant. Walker's Liturgy of the Church of Sarum. N.B. — Any Books, Pamphlets, &c, written by Natives of Wiltshire, or Residents in the County, on any subject, old Newspapers, Cuttings, Scraps, Election Placards, Squibs, &c, and any original Drawings or Prints of objects in the County, will also be acceptable. AGENTS FOR THE SALE OP THE WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE. Bath C. Hallett, S, Bridge Street. Bristol James Fawn & Sons, 18, Queen's Road. „ C. T. Jepferies & Sons, Redcliffe Street. Calne A. Heath & Son, Market Place. Chippenham R. F. Houlston, High Street. Cirencester A. T. Harmer, Market Place. Devizes Hukry & Pearson, St. John Street. Marlborough Miss E. Lucy, High Street. Oxford Jas. Parker & Co., Broad Street. Salisbury Brown & Co., Canal. Trowbridge G. W. Rose, 66, Fore Street. Warminster B. W. Coates. Market Place.