GENEALOGY COLLECTION

GENEALOGY
942.3101
W714M
1903-1904

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THE

WILTSHIRE

IrrjiMlogiral unit lateral Urotaq

MAGAZINE,

tyublx&lje& xxnbev tire Qivectiotj of tije ^ocietxi

FOEMED IN THAT COUNTY, A.D. 1853.

VOL. XXXIII.
1903—1904.

DEVIZES :
C. H. Woodward, 4, St. John Steeet.

December, 1904.

CONTENTS OF VOL* XXXIII.

No. XCTX. June, 1903.

PAGE

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge : By William Gowland, F.S.A.,

F.I.C . 1

Note on a Seal of Ludgershall : By the Bev. Christophee Woeds-

woeth, M.A 63

Bird Notes 65

Wilts Obituary 65

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles 71

Additions to Museum and Library 91

No. C. December, 1903.

The Fiftieth General Meeting of the Society, at Devizes 93

The Early History of the Upper Wylye Valley: By J. U. Powell,

M.A , ' 109

The Palaeolithic Implements and Gravels of Knowle, Wilts : By Wm.

Cunnington, F.G.S., and Wm. A. Cunnington, Ph. D 131

On the Palaeolithic Flint Implements from Knowle, Savernake Forest :

By S. B. Dixon 139

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber 145

Notes 169

Wilts Obituary 171

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles 175

Books, &c, by Wiltshire Authors 190

Additions to Museum and Library 195

The Museum Building Fund 196

CONTENTS OF VOL. XXXIII. iv

No. CI. June, 1904

PAGE

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber (Continued) 199

The Bonian Villa at Box: By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A 236

Notes on Durrington : By Eev. C. S. Huddle 269

Durrington and Durnford Churches : By C. E. Ponting, F.S.A 277

Letters concerning the Boundaries of Cranborne Chace : Communi-
cated by Miss M. Eyre Matcham, of Newhouse 289

Erlestoke and its Manor Lords: By John Watson-Taylor 295

Wilts Obituary „ 312

Kecent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.. . 314

Books, &c, by Wiltshire Authors 338

Additions to Museum and Library 343

Account of Beceipts and Disbursements of the Society 344

686585

No. OIL Decembek, 1904.

The Fifty-First General Meeting, at Warminster 345

On the Appropriation of the Bectory of Lacock : By the Bev. W. G.

Clark-Maxwell 358

A Letter to Cromwell concerning the Surrender of Lacock Abbey 375

Erlestoke and its Manor Lords : By John Watson Taylor f Continued) 377
Offenders against the Statute of Labourers in Wiltshire, A.D. 1349 :

Translated and communicated by Miss E. M. Thompson 385

Pre-historic Interments near Porton, Wilts : By E. A. Bawlence ... 410

Gold Bing found at South Wraxall 414

Wilts Obituary 415

Becent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles 417

Books by Wiltshire Authors 426

Additions to Museum and Library 430

Index to Vol. XXXIII 432

V

CONTENTS OF VOL. XXXIII.

Illustrations*

Fig. 1. Registering frame and vertical rod, 4. Fig. 2. Plan of excavations
around the stone, 8. Fig. 3. Excavation I. Section, south-east side, 9.
Fig. da. Excavation I. Section, north-west side, 10. Fig. 4. South-west
side of the underground portion of the stone, 11. Fig. 5. Excavation II.
Section through the middle, 12. Fig. 6. Excavation III. South-east
side, 13, Fig. 7. Excavation III. North-west side, 14. Fig. 8. Exca-
vation Q. Section, south-east side, 16. Fig. 9. Excavation V. Transverse
section, 18. Fig. 10. Two of the heavy Sarsen mauls, 24. Fig. 11.
Heavy maul as used in Japan, 25. Fig. 12. Transport of a huge block
of stone, from a Japanese drawing, 29. Fig. 13. Tooled surface of the
leaning stone, 33. Fig. 14. General Plan of Stonehenge, 1902, 43.

Roman Vessel found at Deptford, Wylye, 170.

Roman Villa at Box — Plan of Site, 242. Roman Villa at Box, Wilts, General
Plan, 245. Pavement of Passages round Court, 245. Pavement of Passage
IV., 247. Hypocaust of Chamber V., 247. Coloured Plan of Pavement of
Chamber No.VL, Pavement of Passage XX., and Pavement of Passages I., 248.
Pavement of Chamber VI., 248. Pavement of Chamber VI., 248. Hypocaust
of Chamber VII. ,248. Restored Pavement of ChamberVIIL, 249. Hypocaust
of Chamber X., 250. Capital found built up in foundations, 253. Buttresses
of Added Building, 255. Figure of Huntsman in a niche, 255. Section of bath
looking south, 258. Section of west wall of Chamber XXXIV., 259. Plan
of West Wing, excavated later, 261. Durrington Church, South Side,
1850, 277. Durrington Church, 1850, before restoration— Plan, 278.
Durrington Church, 1850, before Restoration — N. Elevation, 280. Dur-
rington Church, 1850, before restoration — E. and W. Elevations, 282.
Great Durnford Church, South Side, 1903, 283. Great Durnford Church
Font, 1903, 285. Great Durnford Church, Interior, 1903, 287. Calstone
Church, 316. Cherhill Barn, 316. Avebury Church — Interior from South
Aisle showing the Saxon Clerestory Windows, 317. Hilmarton Church —
Screen from the Chancel showing Squint, Ambulatory, and Rood Loft
Stairs, 318. The Whitefield Chapel, Bradenstoke, 319. Old Chest in
Calne Church, 320.

Urn found near Porton, Wilts, 413.

STONEHENG-E EXCAVATIONS.

No. XCIX. JUNE, 1903. Vol. XXXIII

THE

WILTSHIRE

IrdjiEologirul niti lotttrol listnrt)

MAGAZINE,

J9ul)lts't)etf unXfev ttje SBtmtton

OF THE

SOCIETY FOBMED IN THAT COUNTY,
A.D. 1853.

EDITED BY

REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett.

DEVIZES :

Peinted and sold foe the Society by C. H. Woodwaed,
4, St. John Steeet.

Price 5s. 6d. Members, Gratis.

NOTICE TO MEMBERS.
TAKE NOTICE, that a copious Index for the preceding eight
volumes of the Magazine will be found at the end of Vols-
viii., xvi., xxiv., and xxxii.

Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society for
the current year, are requested to remit the same forthwith to
the Financial Secretary, Mr. David Owen, Bank Chambers,
Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply
of Magazines should be addressed.

The Numbers of this Magazine will be delivered gratis, as issued,
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All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre-
taries : H. E. Medlicott, Esq., Sandfield, Potterne, Devizes ;
and the Rev. E. H. Goddard, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett.

THE SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS.

To be Obtained of Mr. D. Owen, Bank Chambers, Devszes.

THE BRITISH AND EOMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH
WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. One Volume, Atlas
4to, 248 pp., 17 large Maps, and 110 Woodcuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 2*.
One copy offered to each Member of the Society at £1 11*. 6d.

THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo,
504 pp., with Map, Extra Cloth. By the Rev. T. A. Preston, M.A. Price to the
Public, 16s. ; but one copy offered to every Member of the Society at half-price.

CATALOGUE of the STOURHEAD COLLECTION OF ANTIQUITIES
in the SOCIETY'S MUSEUM, with 175 Illustrations. Price 2*. 6d.

CATALOGUE of the SOCIETY'S LIBRARY at the MUSEUM.
Price 2s. 6d. ; to Members, Is. U. APPENDIX No. I., II. and III., 3d. each.

CATALOGUE of DRAWINGS, PRINTS, and MAPS in the SOCIETY'S
LIBRARY at the MUSEUM. Price 2s.

CATALOGUE of WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS in the SOCIETY'S
COLLECTION. Price 6d.

BACK NUMBERS of the MAGAZINE. Price to the Public, 5s. 6d. and
3s. 6d. (except in the case of a few Numbers, the price of which is raised.)
Members are allowed a reduction of 25 per cent, from these prices.

STONEHENGE AND ITS BARROWS, by W. Long. Nos. 46-7 of the
Magazine in separate wrapper, 7s. 6d. This still remains the best and most
reliable account of Stonehenge and its Earthworks.

: WILTSHIRE

Irrjjfenlogiral anil lateral Siatonj

MAGAZINE.

No. XCIX. JUNE, 1903. Vol. XXXIII.

Contents. PAGE

Eecent Excavations at Stonehenge: By William Gowland, F.S. A.,

F.I.C 1

Note on a Seal of Ludgershall : By the Kev. Christopher

Wordsworth, M.A 63

Bird Notes . 65

Wilts Obituary 65

Eecent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles 71

Additions to Museum and Library 91

ILLUSTEATIONS.

Fig. 1. Eegistering frame and vertical rod 4

Fig. 2. Plan of excavations around the stone 8

Fig. 3. Excavation I. Section, south-east side. ... 9

Fig. 3a. Excavation I. Section, north-west side ... 10
Fig. 4. South-west side of the underground portion

of the stone 11

Fig. 5. Excavation II. Section through the middle 12

Fig. 6. Excavation III. South-east side 13

Fig. 7. Excavation III. North-west side 14

Fig. 8. Excavation Q. Section, south-east side 16

Fig. 9. Excavation V. Transverse section 18

Fig. 10. Two of the heavy Sarsen Mauls... 24

Fig. 11. Heavy maul as used in Japan 25

Fig. 12. Transport of a huge block of stone, from a

Japanese drawing 29

Fig. 13. Tooled surface of the leaning stone 33

Fig. 14. General Plan of Stonehenge, 1902 43

DEVIZES : C. H. Woodward, 4, Saint John Street.

THE

WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.

MULTOETTM MANIBUS GBANDE LEVATUE ONUS." — Ovid.

June, 1903.

By William Gowland, F.S.A. F.I.C.,

Associate of the Koyal School of Mines; with a

Note on tlje Nature anti ©rtgm of tlje BocMragments
fouttti in tije feeabattotts.

By Peofessor J. W. Judd, C.B., LL.D., F.E.S., F.G.S.
^^gHE fall of two of the stones of the outer circle of Stonehenge,

MH No- 22 and ifcs linte1' No> 122'2 on the last day of the

century, directed the attention of the public, and especially of
archaeologists, in a very forcible manner to the insecure position of
other stones in this venerable monument. At a meeting of the
Council of the Society of Antiquaries soon afterwards a resolution
was passed and sent to Sir Edmund Antrobus, the owner of
Stonehenge, expressing their desire to co-operate with him in any
operations which might be advisable for its preservation. Sir

1 This paper was read in part before the Society of Antiquaries on December
19th, 1901, and before our own Society at the Chippenham Meeting, July
15th, 1902. It is printed in Archceologia, vol. LVIIL, pp. 1—82. For the
kind loan of the blocks for the illustrations and plans here given our Society
is indebted to the Council of the Society of Antiquaries.— [Ed.]

2 See General Plan. This plan is based partly on that given in Professor
W. M. Flinders Petrie's Stonehenge: Plans, Descriptions, and Theories
(London, 1880), and partly on my own surveys made after the "leaning
stone "thad been set upright.

VOL. XXXIII. — NO. XCIX. B

2

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

Edmund accepted the offer, declined any pecuniary aid, and in-
vited the Society to form, together with the Wiltshire Archaeological
Society, and the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, a
small committee to advise him as to the work required for the
conservation of the monument and the order in which it should be
carried out.

The committee met at the Society of Antiquaries on the 26th

March, 1901, and again at Stonehenge on the 12th April, under

the presidency of Lord Dillon, and of the Bishop of Bristol. 0 n

the latter occasion a very careful examination was made of the

monument, special attention being given to the stones which were

in the most critical condition and to those which had fallen in

recent times. As the result of their deliberations, the following

resolutions were passed and communicated to Sir Edmund Antrobus

with a recommendation that the leaning stone, No. 56 on Professor

Flinders Petrie's plan of 1880, be first dealt with : —

BESOLUTIONS.

(1) That this committee approves of the suggested protection of Stonehenge
by a wire fence not less than 4 feet high, following on two sides the existing
roads and crossing on the west from the 331-foot level on the north road to
the 332-foot level on the south road shown on the O.S. Map (1-2,500). Wilts,
Sheet LIV. 14.

(2) That the committee recommends, without prejudice to any legal question,
that the local authorities be requested to agree to divert the existing track-way
or ridge-way from Netheravon, now passing through the earth circle so as to
pass from the 302-foot level to the 331 and 332-foot levels in the O.S. map
immediately west of Stonehenge.

(3) That stones 6 and 7 with their lintel, and stone 56 (according to the
numbering on Mr. Petrie's plan) be first examined, with a view of maintaining
them in a position of safety.

(4) That, in the opinion of this committee, stone 22 should be replaced,
stone 21 be made safe, and the lintel of 21 and 22 be replaced in the most
safe and conservative manner. The committee also recommends the re-
erection of stones 57 and 58 and their lintel 158.

(5) That the instructions to custodians already in force be approved, with
a few suggested alterations.

(6) That this "committee feels that it is impossible to overstate the value of
the assistance which the county council, the district council, and the parish
council of Amesbury can give to the efforts made to preserve this unique
monument.

(7) That these resolutions be sent to Sir Edmund Antrobus, with the earnest
thanks of the committee for the part he is proposing to take in the preservation
of Stonehenge, and that it be left to him to communicate them to the Press.

By William Goivland F.S.A., F.I.C.

3

As regards the first, 1 may say, that after having worked among
the stones daily during September and part of October last, I have
come to the conclusion that without the enclosure there could be
no efficient preservation of the monument, considering the changed
conditions brought about by the establishment of the large military
camp in the neighbourhood.

As regards the second, I think it will be admitted by all who
desire the preservation of Stonehenge in its entirety, that it is
greatly to be deplored that a trackway for wheeled traffic should
exist through the monument between the rampart and the stones.
And I may add that it is, to say the least, astounding that the
diversion of that roadway should be opposed by any archaeologist.

As regards the third, I can assure you that the hitherto leaning
stone has now been made safe for all time.

That this leaning stone, said to be the largest native monolith
in Britain, should be set upright was imperative, as it has three
horizontal fissures of unknown depth extending almost right across
its broad face. As these are on the upper side, fully exposed to
the weather, they must, by the action of rain and frost, have been
steadily deepening more and more year by year, so that the breaking
off of the upper part of the stone was merely a question of time.

The necessity for raising it was further emphasized by the fact
that its inclination from the perpendicular had been gradually
increasing. In 1660 its angle of inclination was 75°, in 1720 70°,
in 1870 66°, and in the present year (1901), before the operations
were commenced, I found it to be only 60*5° (Fig. 2).

Mode of Conducting the Excavations.

Before proceeding with the excavations, a datum line passing
through the highest point of the surface of the ground to be exca-
vated was carefully determined, and from this line the vertical
position of each layer of material removed from the various exca-
vations was observed and recorded. This was rendered necessary
by the irregular contour of the ground surrounding the stone.

The exact level of this line was then ascertained by levelling up
to the bench mark (338-9) of the Ordnance Survey on stone No. 16,

B 2

4

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

so that at any future time the depth at which any of the objects
were found can be accurately referred to, no matter what changes
occur in the ground level. It was found to be 1 foot 5 inches
below the bench mark and hence 337*4 above the sea level.

The position of the objects found was determined by means of a
registering frame divided into 6 and 12 inch, and a vertical rod
divided into 6 inch spaces.

The frame and rod are shown in Fig. 1.

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Fig. 1. Registering frame and vertical rod.

The frame, it will be seen, consists of two longitudinal and two
transverse planks of deal.

The longitudinal and transverse pieces are pierced with holes
at intervals tb allow them to be adjusted to suit excavations of
different areas. They were held in position by pins passed through
the holes.

The long sides are marked at intervals of one foot by letters,
each 1 foot length having its distinctive letter. The transverse
pieces are similarly divided and marked.

By William Gowland, FX A., F.I.C.

5

It is hence evident that a letter from either of the side pieces,
together with one from either of the cross pieces, indicates definitely
the position of any square foot of area in a horizontal plane within
the frame.

The vertical rod is marked with numbers instead of letters, each
number representing a 6 inch vertical space.

By combining one of these numbers, with two of the letters
indicating a square foot of horizontal area, the exact position of a
space 12 inches by 12 inches by 6 inches in any part of the exca-
vation is accurately registered.

Each plot of ground excavated was marked with a distinctive
Eoman numeral. See plan of the excavations.

The positions of the objects found were thus accurately recorded
without difficulty.

For example, an object in Excavation III. Division CM and
Layer 5 would be registered III. 5 CM, which signifies that it was
found in Excavation III. in the fifth 6 inch layer from the datum
line, and in the square situated 2 feet from the end and 1 foot
from each side of the digging.

It will thus be seen that the whole of the objects unearthed
could, if necessary, be put back into the exact positions in which
they were found.

Each excavation was made of a definite area. Its position was
accurately laid down with reference to the middle line of the stone
at the datum line and plotted on the plan.

Before commencing to dig, the registering frame was fitted in a
horizontal position around the area to be excavated, and at the
level of the datum line, and the space within it pegged out and
divided by means of cords and iron pins into strips 1 foot wide.
The turf was taken off in 1 foot squares, and was subsequently
examined. The material from each excavation was taken out in
3 or 6 inch layers of approximately one square foot in area, except
in one or two places honeycombed with rabbit burrows, when it
was removed in strips one foot in breadth, and in the solid chalk
rock, when the digging was carefully watched.

In tunneling beneath stone No. 55a Excavation Q, the positions

6

Recent Excavations at Stonchengc.

of the objects were determined by inspection, one side of the
registering frame being placed along the side of the stone.

The material was removed in buckets and carefully sifted through
a series of sieves of 1 inch, | inch, \ inch, and J inch mesh, in
order that no object, however small, might be lost.

The excavations were made as a rule, in the order shown by the
Eoman numerals in the plan, and as soon as each was completed,
concrete to a greater or less amount was put in before the next
was proceeded with.

The setting up of the stone is, however, so intimately connected
with the excavations that I propose first to give you an outline
of the operations by which it was accomplished. The method
adopted for setting it upright was devised by Mr. Carruthers ; the
engineering operations were superintended by Mr. Blow ; my
special work being the superintendence of the excavations.

A wooden frame or cradle of stout timbers was first fitted
carefully to the stone. This was connected by means of strong
cables with two powerful winches about 45 feet distant on the
south-west side.

The operations of raising the stone were very cautiously and
slowly carried out. It was raised only two or three inches at a
time, and at each interval was shored up with larch struts.

After it had been set upright in a south-west direction, its in-
clination to the south-east was rectified by means of a hydraulic
jack working against the lower side of the cradle, until the sloping
side of its base practically rested on its old supporting stone. (See
Fig. 4.)

The raising of the stone was begun on September 18 th, and
completed on September 25th.

Here I may say that the excavations which were made were
only those which were necessary for the engineering operations of
raising the stone. In addition to those immediately around the
stone, six holes, A to F, shown on the general plan, were dug for
the insertion of the lower ends of the timber struts used for shoring
up the monolith whilst it was being raised. Two shallow cavities
were also dug for the reception of the winches.

By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.C.L

1

No digging was carried on except in the presence of Mr. Blow,
Mr. Stallybrass, or myself, and I made a point of being at the
excavation before the work of each day began, and remaining until
it was finished.

A watchman was on duty at night to ensure that the excavations
should not be tampered with.

Bocks of which the Stones consist.

Before proceeding to describe the excavations it may be well to
consider briefly the chief kinds of rock of which the stones of
Stonehenge consist, and of which chippings and fragments1 were
so numerous in the ground excavated.

The large monoliths of the outer circle and the trilithons of the
horseshoe are all sarsens. These sarsens in their composition are
sandstones, consisting of quartz-sand, either fine or coarse, oc-
casionally mixed with pebbles and angular bits of flint, all more
or less firmly cemented together with silica. They are the relics
of the concretionary masses which had become consolidated in the
sandstone beds that once overlaid the chalk of the district, and had
resisted the destructive agencies by which the softer parts of the
beds were removed in geological times. They range in structure
from a granular rock resembling loaf sugar in internal appearance
to one of great compactness similar to and sometimes passing into
quartzite.

The monoliths and trilithons all consist of the granular rock.
The examples of the compact quartzite variety, of which many
were found in the excavations, were, almost without exception,
either hammerstones that had been used in shaping and dressing
the monoliths, or fragments which had been broken from off them
in these operations.

The small monoliths, the so-called " bluestones," which form the
inner circle and the inner horseshoe, are, with the undermentioned

1 I am indebted to the kindness of my friend Professor Judd, Dean of the
Royal College of Science, for the identification of the specimens of rock
found in the excavations. The above is merely a rough summary of the more
important kinds. For a complete account of them the reader is referred to
Professor Judd's note (post).

8 Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

exceptions, all of diabase more or less porphyritic. Two are
porphyrite (formerly known as felstone or hornstone). Two are
argillaceous sandstone.

Mr. William Cunnington, F.G.S., in a valuable paper, "Stonehenge
Notes," 1 records the discovery of two stumps of " bluestones " now
covered by the turf. One of these lies in the inner horseshoe
between Nos. 61 and 62, and 9 feet distant from the latter. It is
diabase. The other is in the inner circle between Nos. 32 and 33,
10 feet from the former, and consists of a soft calcareous altered
tuff, afterwards designated for the sake of brevity " fissile rock."

The altar stone is of micaceous sandstone.

All these rocks, excepting the sarsens, are foreign to the locality,
but I am informed by my friend, Professor Judd, that there is no
reason why they should not have been found on the plain in the
vicinity of Stonehenge, having been transported there as glacial
drift.

All the rocks were represented in the chippings which were
found in the excavations.

The Excavations.

The excavations were begun on the south-west side of the leaning
stone, by opening up the ground in three sections, I., II., III. as
shown on the plan (Fig. 2.)

Section I. was first excavated, then Section III., and lastly
Section II. As each was completed it was partially filled with
concrete before the next was proceeded with. The concrete was
put in in such a manner that its front face formed a perpendicular
wall against which the stone would rest when set up.

This procedure was necessary, as it would have been unsafe to
have exposed and left unsupported the whole of the base of the
monolith at one time.

In Section III. an oak log was driven into the chalk and em-
bedded in the concrete wall opposite the lowest point of the base
to prevent any slipping of the stone when it was being raised.

1 Wilts Arch. Mag., xxi. 141—149.

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ion.

8

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

exceptions, all of diabase more or less porphyritic. Two are
porphyrite (formerly known as felstone or hornstone). Two are
argillaceous sandstone.

Mr. William Cunnington, F.G.S., in a valuable paper, "Stonehenge
Notes," 1 records the discovery of two stumps of " bluestones " now
covered by the turf. One of these lies in the inner horseshoe
between Nos. 61 and 62, and 9 feet distant from the latter. It is
diabase. The other is in the inner circle between Nos. 32 and 33,
10 feet from the former, and consists of a soft calcareous altered
tuff, afterwards designated for the sake of brevity " fissile rock."

The altar stone is of micaceous sandstone.

All these rocks, excepting the sarsens, are foreign to the locality,
but I am informed by my friend, Professor Judd, that there is no
reason why they should not have been found on the plain in the
vicinity of Stonehenge, having been transported there as glacial
drift.

All the rocks were represented in the chippings which were
found in the excavations.

The Excavations.

The excavations were begun on the south-west side of the leaning
stone, by opening up the ground in three sections, I., II., III. as
shown on the plan (Fig. 2.)

Section I. was first excavated, then Section III., and lastly
Section II. As each was completed it was partially filled with
concrete before the next was proceeded with. The concrete was
put in in such a manner that its front face formed a perpendicular
wall against which the stone would rest when set up.

This procedure was necessary, as it would have been unsafe to
have exposed and left unsupported the whole of the base of the
monolith at one time.

In Section III. an oak log was driven into the chalk and em-
bedded in the concrete wall opposite the lowest point of the base
to prevent any slipping of the stone when it was being raised.

1 Wilts Arch. Mag., xxi. 141—149.

t 0 5 ID 15 20

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Fig. 2. Plan of excavations around the stone.

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By William Gowland, FX A., F.I.C. ' 9

Excavation IV. was next made, after which the monolith was
raised in a south-westerly direction until it was approximately
perpendicular.

The north-west half of Section V. was then undertaken, and
when completed the inclination of the monolith to the south-east
was rectified.

Excavations VI., VII., VIII., and the remainder of V. were then
taken out in the order given, and lastly Excavation Q.

The chief features of the most important of the excavations will
now be considered.

The positions in which the stone implements were found are
projected on the plan (Fig. 2) and into one section of each excavation.

10 Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

Excavation I. — Figs. 2, 3, and 3a,

Immediately beneath the turf and intermingled with its roots,
chips and fragments of flint were very abundant, and in addition
to these, especially near the monolith, there were considerable
quantities of clay -pipe stems, pieces of broken crockery, bottles
and glasses, together with pins, buttons, and other rubbish of more
or less recent date. This was also the case in all the excavations
around the stone. In the other layers, chippings and pieces of all
the rocks of which the stones consist were very numerous, those
of the " bluestones " being in excess of those of the sarsens, diabase
predominating.

Chippings of the "bluestones" and of sarsen occurred together

By William Gowland, FX A., F.I.C.

11

down to the chalk rock. The solid chalk was reached at about
3 feet below the datum line, except in the space left by the falling
of the monolith from its upright position.

At a depth of 3 feet 4 inches the north-west side of the monolith
was seen to slope away sharply at an angle of about 43 degrees.
(Fig. 4.) Beneath this' sloping part two blocks of sarsen were
exposed, ,a small one which was removed, and a large one which
was subsequently found to extend right across the base, and to
have been placed there as a support for the monolith when it was
originally erected.

Fig. 4. South-west side of the underground portion of the stone.

The excavation was carried down to a depth of 7 feet, the lower
half being for the most part in the chalk rock.
The chief objects found were : —

A Eoman coin, a sestertius of Commodus, 8 inches below the turf.

A penny of George III., at the same depth.

In Layer 5, Division CR, a flint hammerstone with edge.

In Layer 5, Division DE, a splinter of deer's horn embedded in a lump of
chalk. This is of considerable importance as evidence of the use of deer's
horn picks for excavating the chalk.

12

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

Excavation II. Figs. 2 and 5.

All the rocks were represented by chippings and fragments, those
of the " bluestones " being again in excess of the sarsens. Both
kinds occurred together in the layer of rubble overlying the bed
rock, and in the same layer there were two edged hammerstones
of flint, two rounded hammerstones of flint, and one of compact
sarsen.

This excavation was carried down to a depth of 8 feet, and
exposed a further portion of the oblique side of the base of the
stone.

By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.I.C. 13

Excavation III. — Figs. 2, 6, and 7. This proved very productive.

Chippings of all the stones were numerous, those of the " blue-
stones " predominating, and again diabase and sarsen were found
together in the layer overlying the solid chalk.

The excavation extended partly under the recumbent stone 55a.
A large block of sarsen was discovered under this stone. This, it
will be shown later, was one of the supporting stones of the
monolith before it fell.

The excavation was carried down to a depth of 8 feet 3 inches,
at which depth the lowest point of the base of the leaning stone
was reached.

The principal objects found were : —

A halfpenny of George I., just below the turf.

A Eoman coin, a sestertius of Antonia, 10 inches below the turf.

A pewter farthing of James II., at the same depth as the last.

Twenty-six axes and edged and rounded hammerstones of flint.

Two hammerstones of compact sarsen, and several pieces of these tools.

One large maul of compact sarsen, weighing 64 pounds 3 ounces.

0 12 3 4 S

*EET

Fig. 6. Excavation III. South-east side.

14

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

The underground portion of the " leaning stone " was completely
laid bare by these three excavations. It was seen to have a
curiously pointed base (Fig. 4), the oblique side of which appeared

By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.I.C.

15

to have a natural and not an artificially worked surface, and was
probably the result of a joint in the bed of rock of which the block
once formed a part.

The underground face was found to be carefully tooled over its
entire surface, as shown in Fig. 13, which represents a part of a
large flake that became detached during the operation of raising
the stone.

Excavation Q. — Figs. 2 and 8.

This excavation was not made until No. V. was completed, but
it will be advantageous to consider it here, as it is so intimately
related to No. III., just described, both by position and its large
yield of stone implements, and more especially because they to-
gether opened up the original site of the base of the now recumbent
monolith, No. 55.

The excavation was made entirely under the recumbent stone
55a. It extended from the block of sarsen exposed at the south-
east end of Excavation V. to a distance of 5 feet 6 inches to the
south-west, 5 feet to the south-east measured from the monolith,
and to a depth of 8 feet below the datum line.

The recumbent stone was found to be resting about 3 or 4 inches
clear of the ground on the sarsen block above mentioned, and
another similar one beside it at one end, and on a pile of blocks
about 8 feet distant at the other. Several other blocks of the same
rock shown in Figs. 2 and 8 were also discovered.

The chalk rock was reached at from 4 to 5 feet below the datum
line. Facing the south-east side of the monolith it had been cut
away so as to form a sloping wall, the base of which was 1 foot and
the upper edge about 2 feet distant from it.

The recumbent stone, No. 55a, was found to be carefully tooled
over the whole of its under face.

Near the middle there was a very distinct longitudinal rib similar
to those on the monolith, No. 59a, of the fallen trilithon, showing
the manner in which its surface had been trimmed. This face has
a slight but distinct curvature or entasis similar to that exhibited
by the sides of No. 56, the formerly " leaning stone."

16

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

All the rocks of which the stones consist were represented in
the excavation by chippings and fragments. Sarsen slightly pre-
dominated, and there were many pieces of broken sarsen hammer-
stones.

In the layer of rubble immediately overlying the chalk rock
diabase and sarsen were found together, and along with them two
flint implements. A noteworthy feature of this layer was the
occurrence of a large number of splinters of deer's horn.

By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.I.C. 17

Layers 7, 8, and 9 yielded the following implements : —

Ten axes. Flint.

One axe. Argillaceous sandstone.

Nine hammerstones with edge. Flint.

Four hammerstones rounded. Flint.

Ten hammerstones rounded. Compact sarsen.

Seven large mauls. Compact sarsen. Weights from 36 pounds 2 ounces
to 58 pounds 7 ounces.

In addition to the large find of stone tools, another important
result of this excavation is the discovery of the blocks of sarsen
mentioned above, from which we learn how the stone No. 55 was
secured in an upright position after it had been .erected.

No well-defined cutting in the chalk to indicate the original
position of the base of this stone was seen except the shallow
cavity shown in Fig. 8, from which a block of sarsen was removed.
The blocks of sarsen, too, on the south-west of the excavation were
rather confusedly jumbled owing to their displacement by the
falling of the stone. But there cannot be the slightest doubt that
they formed the packing of the back of its base, and the two larger
blocks and the stone mauls that of the front. The base must
therefore originally have occupied the space between them, and
this would bring this upright of the trilithon into line with its
companion, No. 56.1 When the stone No. 55 fell it seems to have
jumped in a south-west direction, so that its lower half now lies
over the cavity in which it once stood.

If we now refer to Fig. 2, a striking feature of the Excavations
III. and Q is manifest, viz., that all the tools found, with but few
exceptions, occurred in them, either in or near the cavity occupied
by No. 55 before its fall. They had doubtless been thrown in
around this stone when it was being set up, the mauls having been
wedged in below the front of its base to act together with the large
blocks of sarsen as supports.

Excavation V. — Figs. 2 and 9.

This was begun after the leaning stone had been set upright to
the south-west. The whole of the ground was of an entirely

1 See Fig. 8, in which the position of No. 56 is indicated by a dotted outline.
VOL. XXXIII. — NO. XCIX. C

18 Recent Excavations at Stonehcnge.

different character from that on the opposite side of the monolith.
The chalk rock was found to have been entirely dug away and
removed for a distance of at least 6 feet from the base of the stone,
and to a depth of 7 feet at the west corner of the excavation, and
of 11 feet at the south-east end. Why this was done it is difficult
to conjecture.

J

The material filling the cavity consisted in the upper layers of
chalk rubble more or less mixed with mould, and in the lower
layers of white chalk rubble, but there was no distinct line of

By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.J.O.

19

demarkation between them. The base of the monolith at its
lowest point, 8 feet 3 inches below the datnm line, was found to
be resting on a ledge of chalk rock, the exact breadth of which
could not be determined, as the rock at its edge passed imperceptibly
into very hard chalk rubble. It did not, however, probably extend
further than 1 foot 6 inches beyond the front of the stone, that
being the breadth of the rock exposed in Layer 14, Division HE.

An important feature of this excavation was the very small
quantity of chippings of the stones which occurred in it as com-
pared with the excavations L, II., and III., at the back of the
monolith. The chippings, too, were chiefly found in the south-east
half. They comprised all the rocks, and pieces of broken sarsen
hammers tones were unusually abundant.

The "bluestone" monolith, No. 68, was exposed down to its
base, which was reached in layer 13 at a depth of 6 feet 3 inches
below the datum line. Immediately beneath its lowest point a
rudely trimmed sarsen hammers tone was found.

In Layer 14, Division AM, an important find was made, viz., a
flat rectangular piece of sarsen, measuring about 7 inches by 6 inches
by 2| inches, with one of its surfaces tooled as Fig. 13, and having
on the other a very small thin stain of copper carbonate.

In Layer 5 the end of a very large block of sarsen projecting
from beneath the recumbent stone, 55<x, was laid bare (Figs. 2 and
8.) The purpose for which this block originally served has already
been pointed out.

Of the other objects found the following are the chief : —

Four axes. Flint.

One axe. Compact sarsen.

Three hammerstones with edge. Flint.

One hammerstone. Sarsen.

One hammerstone. Diabase.

From the nature of the section of the ground revealed by this
excavation, and by Excavations I., II., and III., on the opposite
side of the base of the stone, we are led to the irresistible conclusion,
the importance of which will be evident later, that this monolith
was originally set up by raising it from the interior of the circle.

c 2

20

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

No absolutely conclusive signs of the Duke of Buckingham's
digging, said to have caused the fall of the great trilithon in 1620,
were observed.1 But in Excavation V., in front of the leaning
stone, the ground was seen to have been disturbed to a depth of
about 3 feet ; the chalk rubble being more mixed with earth than
elsewhere, it is hence not impossible that someone might have dug
there. The excavation could not have been carried to a much
greater depth, otherwise the " blues tone," No. 68, would have been
overthrown. It might, however, have extended to the front of
the now recumbent stone, No. 55, as the two large blocks of sarsen
which acted as the supports of this stone on that side had the
ground entirely cut away from above and almost completely from
around them. Any attempt to raise or dislodge these blocks would
certainly have caused the fall of the monolith.

From the position of the impost as it now lies it would seem
that No. 55 was the first to topple, and in its fall it dragged over
the other upright of the trilithon, the hitherto "leaning" stone.
The complete prostration of the latter was, however, checked partly
by the "bluestone " upright, No. 68, but chiefly by the great depth
to which its base was buried in the ground.

Objects found in the Excavations.

We will now proceed to the consideration of the objects found
in the excavations. They comprise chippings and lumps of the
stones, stone tools, bones, and a few coins and fragments of pottery.
The chippings and pieces of stone are those which had been de-
tached from the stones and the tools during the operations of
shaping and dressing. They were found in very large quantities.
All the varieties of rock, of which the sarsens and Milestones "
consist, were, as we have already seen, represented, and there was
an exceptional, quantity of the soft " fissile rock " and of porphyrite
considering the few remains of stones of those materials now
existing.

1 In a paper, "Stonehenge : an Enquiry respecting the Fall of the Trilithons,"
in Man, 1902, No. 97, Mr. A. L. Lewis adduces evidence to show that the
trilithon, of which the " leaning stone " is one of the piers, had fallen before
this date.

By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.T.C.

21

Chippings of diabase were more abundant than those of any of
the other rocks ; there were, however, but few large pieces of it.
Sarsen, on the other hand, occurred most abundantly in lumps.

In the excavations on the south-west side of the stone and in
VI. and Q, sarsen and diabase were always found together even in
the layer overlying the bed rock. On the north-east side diabase
chips were somewhat fewer, and pieces of sarsen occurred at lower
depths than they.

The soft " fissile rock " is only represented now by the weathered
stump mentioned above, But this rock is so easily disintegrated
by the action of rain and frost that any stones consisting of it
would soon have been destroyed, and hence it may be that this
stump is all that is left of them. The amount of chippings would
seem to indicate that originally there were several, and it is just
possible that other stumps may exist below the ground. Their
absence may also be accounted for by their removal for utilitarian
purposes, when Stonehenge had lost its sacred character, in
preference to the other stones, owing to the ease with which they
could be worked.

In all the excavations sarsen and diabase occurred in the largest
quantities. The other rocks were also distributed more or less
uniformly through most of the layers, but in very varying pro-
portions.

Chippings of a hard compact rock, which cannot, as yet, be
referred to any of the existing stones, were also found, but only
in small quantities.

It has been suggested that these chippings and lumps may be
those left by despoilers from the trimming of stones which they
removed.

But if this were true, then they should only have occurred in
the surface layers, or at but little below them, and not at the
depths at which they were found. It may be remarked further
that the Excavation F at the side of the upright, No. 54, of the
south trilithon also shows this suggestion to be untenable, for here,
down to the depth examined, 4 feet below the turf, they were
found, together with large blocks, to form the chief material which

22

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

had been filled in against the side of the stone, doubtless to afford
a more substantial support for it than mere earth or rubble.

That this filling was not of modern date is proved by the in-
crustation on many of the pieces, by which, in fact, some were
cemented together.

The Stone Implements. — More than a hundred stone implements
were found, and the greater number occurred in the stratum of
chalk rubble which either directly overlaid or was on a level with
the bed rock.

They may all be arranged in four principal classes, between
which, however, there is not in all cases a very distinct line of
demarkation. Even in the same class, especially in Classes I. and
II., some examples present wide differences from others, but on
careful examination many intermediate links will be found by
which they are connected.

These positions, as we have already seen, are projected on the
plan (Fig. 2) and into a section of each excavation.

Class I. — Axes roughly chipped and of rude forms, but having
well-defined, more or less sharp cutting edges.

This class may be conveniently divided into two sub-classes, A
and B, the implements in the former being characterised by a much
greater length in proportion to their breadth than those in the
latter.

Class II. — Hammerstones, with more or less well-chipped sharp
curved edges. Most may be correctly termed hammer-axes. They
are chipped to an edge at one end, but at the other are broad and
thick, and in many examples terminated there by a more or less
flat surface. In some the natural coating of the flint is left un-
touched at the thick end.

Class III. — Hammerstones, more or less rounded. Flint. Some
specimens appear to have once had distinct working edges, but
they are now much blunted and battered by use.

All the implements in the above classes (with the exception

By William Govrtand, F.S.A., F.I.C.

23

of three implements in Class L, two of compact sarsen, and one of
argillaceous sandstone) are of flint, and nearly all from their forms
have been used by grasping them in the hand without the inter-
vention of a haft or shaft. As to their use, they were not suitable
for shaping or dressing the harder sarsen or the diabase rocks, as
flint is much too brittle a material for that purpose. But for
dressing the softer sarsens and especially the more easily worked
fissile stones, they were perfectly adapted, and were doubtless used
for that purpose. Nearly all bear evidence of extremely rough
usage, their edges being jagged and broken, just as we should
expect to find after such rough employment. Moreover, the severe
fractures which some exhibit could only be produced by violent
contact with other stones. The larger tools may also have served
to excavate the chalk where too hard for the deer's horn picks, and
others for the general needs of savage life.

All, notwithstanding their rudeness, are undoubtedly finished
implements which have been in actual use, and not implements
which have been discarded in the process of manufacture.

Similar flint implements were found at Cissbury.1 by the late
General Pitt-Eivers ; at Grime's Graves,2 near Brandon, Norfolk,
by Canon Green well ; and at Stourpaine, near Blandford, Dorset,
by Mr. Durclen.

If we now compare the Stonehenge implements of the above
classes with these it will be seen that many are very closely allied
to them in form and some are practically counterparts.

The Cissbury implements, of which a great many were found,
were attributed by General Pitt-Rivers " to the Stone Age or at
any rate to the age of the flint manufacture." The fauna associated
with them was undoubtedly neolithic.

The implements from Grime's Graves were found in the field
immediately adjoining to the pits, and according to Canon Greenwell
" in them we have the result, to some extent, of the operations of
the people who quarried the flint in the so-called " Graves." Tn

1 ArcJioeologia, xlii., 53, et seq.
2 Journal of the Ethnological Society of London, 2nd series, ii., 419, et seq.

24

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

the pit explored by him the chalk had been excavated with deer's
horn picks, many of which were found closely resembling that
discovered at Stonehenge. As regards the age of the pits Canon
Greenwell is of the opinion that they are neolithic, or, at any rate,
not of the fully-developed Bronze Age, for the following reasons : —
" The quantity of flint that has been obtained from the pits at
Grime's Graves is so great, and the supply of material for imple-
ments was so very large, that it is difficult to understand how
operations on a scale so extensive could have been required when
the use of stone must have been to a great extent superseded by
metal. During the time when both metal and stone were in use,
flint was required more for smaller weapons, such as arrow points,
and for articles like scrapers, saws, and knives, than for larger
implements such as hatchets."

The importance of this comparison of the implements found at
Stonehenge with those from the localities cited is obvious. It
tends to demonstrate, in my opinion, that the Stonehenge imple-
ments are not far removed in time from the others, and hence
belong to an age antecedent to the full development of the use of
bronze if not to the neolithic age itself.

Class IV. — Hammerstones more or less rounded. These ham-
merstones, of which about thirty were found, require but little des-
cription. They almost all consist of large pebbles or small boulders
of the hard quartzite variety of sarsen although one or two are
pieces which have been detached from sarsen blocks.

Some have been roughly broken into convenient forms for
holding in the hand, whilst a few have been rudely trimmed into
more regular shapes. They vary in weight from about a pound up
to six and a half pounds.

These rude hammers were undoubtedly employed, as we shall
see later, in producing the fine pitted markings which the finished
surfaces of the sarsen stones present.

Class V. — Mauls, a more remarkable kind of hammerstone than
those just enumerated.

24

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

the pit explored by him the chalk had been excavated with deer's
horn picks, many of which were found closely resembling that
discovered at Stonehenge. As regards the age of the pits Canon
Greenwell is of the opinion that they are neolithic, or, at any rate,
not of the fully-developed Bronze Age, for the following reasons : —
" The quantity of flint that has been obtained from the pits at
Grime's Graves is so great, and the supply of material for imple-
ments was so very large, that it is difficult to understand how
operations on a scale so extensive could have been required when
the use of stone must have been to a great extent superseded by
metal. During the time when both metal and stone were in use,
flint was required more for smaller weapons, such as arrow points,
and for articles like scrapers, saws, and knives, than for larger
implements such as hatchets."

The importance of this comparison of the implements found at
Stonehenge with those from the localities cited is obvious. It
tends to demonstrate, in my opinion, that the Stonehenge imple-
ments are not far removed in time from the others, and hence
belong to an age antecedent to the full development of the use of
bronze if not to the neolithic age itself.

Class IV. — Hammerstones more or less rounded. These ham-
merstones, of which about thirty were found, require but little des-
cription. They almost all consist of large pebbles or small boulders
of the hard quartzite variety of sarsen although one or two are
pieces which have been detached from sarsen blocks.

Some have been roughly broken into convenient forms for
holding in the hand, whilst a few have been rudely trimmed into
more regular shapes. They vary in weight from about a pound up
to six and a half pounds.

These rude ' hammers were undoubtedly employed, as we shall
see later, in producing the fine pitted markings which the finished
surfaces of the sarsen stones present.

Class V. — Mauls, a more remarkable kind of hammerstone than
those just enumerated.

1

(

(

1

(,

(

]
(

1

]

j

c

i

By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.I.C. 25

The following eight were all found either on or in the immediate
proximity of the original site of the base of the recumbent stone
No. 55a. See Figs. 7, 10, and 12.

Q. 7 A'M. Weight 36 pounds 2 ounces.

Q. 7 A'L'. Weight 43 pounds 6 ounces.

Q. 7 AM. Weight 44 pounds 2 ounces. Fig. 10a

Q. 7| BL. Weight 45 pounds.

Q. 6 CL'". Weight 46 pounds.

Q. 7 A'L'. Weight 46 pounds 15 ounces. Fig. 106.
Q. 7 AL". Weight 58 pounds 7 ounces.
III. 7 DM. Weight 64 pounds 3 ounces.

They are ponderous boulders of the quartzite variety of sarsen
with their broadest sides more or less flat.

On their narrower sides most have two distinct working faces,
but one has been repeatedly turned round in its holder during use,
so that it has become almost spherical in shape.

There is no well cut groove around the middle of any, but all

Fig. 11. Heavy maul as used in Japan.

26

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

have been roughly chipped, or present natural inequalities there,
so as to allow of their being secured by bands of twisted osier or
hazel twigs or by strips of hide in order that they might be used
by two or more men. It may be that they were fitted with handles
for directing the blow and ropes for lifting them as is the practice
in Japan for the heavy wooden mauls (Fig. 11) employed there for
beating down the foundation stones of houses.

As regards the uses to which they were applied, it will be evident,
from what will be advanced later, that they were employed not
only for roughly breaking the rude blocks into regular forms but
also for working down their faces to a level or slightly curved
surface.

The boulders of which they consist were apparently derived from
a stratum of the quartzite variety of sarsen, about 7 — 9 inches in
thickness, which occurred in the sandstone beds that once overlaid
the chalk of the district.

The weights of these large stone mauls range from 43 pounds
6 ounces to 64 pounds 3 ounces, with one exception which only
weighs 36 pounds 2 ounces.

Similar mauls have been found in the ancient copper mines at
Llandudno and near Lake Superior, but none of these exceded 40
pounds in weight.

The whole of the implements discovered must unquestionably
be regarded as the discarded tools of the prehistoric builders of
Stonehenge. Kude as they are they are nevertheless most efficient
work tools, and with them the megalithic blocks of the structure
were undoubtedly shaped and trimmed.

Perhaps the most striking features of the flint implements is
their extreme rudeness, and that there is not a single ground or
polished specimen among them. This, at first sight and without
due consideration, might be taken to indicate an extremely remote
age. But in this connection it must be borne in mind that in the
building of such a stupendous structure as Stonehenge the tools
required must have been numbered by thousands. The work, too,
was of the roughest character, and for such only rude tools were
required. The highly finished and polished implements which we

By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.I.C.

27

are accustomed to consider, and rightly so, as characteristic of
neolithic man, would find no place in such work. They required
too much labour and time for their manufacture, and, when made,
could not have been more effective than the hammer axes and
hammerstones found in the excavations, which could be so easily
fashioned by merely rudely shaping the natural flints, with which
the district abounds, by a few well-directed blows of a sarsen pebble.

These implements can therefore, I think, notwithstanding their
rudeness, be legitimately placed in the neolithic age and, it may
be, near its termination.

Bones. — As regards the bones, they are only the bones and teeth
of domestic animals, horses, oxen, sheep, goats, pigs, and dogs, and
of rabbits and deer, not calculated to afford any evidence as to the
date of Stonehenge.

Of considerable importance, however, are the splinters of antlers
of deer which occurred in most of the excavations, especially in
Q, where they were found along with the stone tools, as they would
seem to indicate that antlers were utilised as picks in digging holes
for the stones.

And, indeed, a portion of a large antler, with its lowest tine
worn away apparently by such use, was found in the rubble im-
mediately above the chalk at a depth of 5 feet 8 inches below
the surface of the ground in Excavation VIII.

In this connection it may be remarked that all the digging
required even in the chalk was perfectly possible with such imple-
ments, aided it may be by some of the larger flint tools.

Coins.1 These are of a very miscellaneous character, and all,
even the Koman coins, were only found in the superficial layers.
Enumerating them in the order of their dates they are as follows : —

Excavation III. 5 CM. 10 inches below the surface.

A sestertius of Antonia, mother of Claudius (?) and daughter of Marcus
Antonius and Octavia. Her head is on the obverse, and on the reverse
a figure of Claudius, her husband.

1 I am indebted to my friend Mr. H. A. Grueber, F.S.A., of the British
Museum, for the ^identification and description of these coins.

28

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

Excavation I. 2 HL. 8 inches below the surface.

" Large Brass" or sestertius of Commodus, with figure of " Nobilitas "
on the reverse. Struck a.d. 187.

Excavation V. 4 HM. 12 inches below the surface.

A coin, may be a " ticket." Eoman or early Anglo-Saxon. If the latter
it would be an ornament.

Excavation III. 5 DM. 10 inches below the surface.
Pewter farthing of James II. (1665-1688).

Excavation III. 4 HE. Just below the turf.
Halfpenny. George I. Struck 1722.

Excavation Q. Surface layer.
Halfpenny. George II.

Excavation I. 3 B.M. 8 inches below the surface.
Penny. George III.

The Erection of Stonehenge.

Transport of the Stones. — Our special concern will now be to see
how the stones could have been brought to Stonehenge, the manner
in which they were shaped, and the means adopted for setting
them up. For these ends no elaborate engineering appliances were
required, neither was a knowledge of metals necessary. All the
operations could be efficiently carried out with tools of stone and
deer's horn, trunks of trees, and ropes of hide.

As regards the working and erection of the stones, the excavations
have yielded sufficient material to make clear to us, generally, the
manner in which these operations were performed, although some
minor points still remain shrouded in obscurity.

On the other hand, as regards the transport of the blocks, they
throw but little light. For the solution of this problem we have,
therefore, to turn to the examples of similar work in countries
where primitive methods for moving heavy bodies are still, or have
been recently practised.

In Japan, where megalithic remains abound, and where the use
of rude massive stones was common almost up to our own times,
and even now is occasionally seen, enormous blocks were transported
for considerable distances without the aid of any appliances which
were beyond the reach of the men of the neolithic age.

In the walls of the Castle of Osaka, built in the seventeenth

cm*

i— i

to

By William Gowland, F.SA., F.I.C. 29

century, there are several enormous stones, the largest of which
measures 40 feet by 10 feet by at least 5 feet, and must weigh
more than 160 tons.

A picture painted in the eighteenth century, which I have seen,
represents the transport of one of these stones. In it the stone is
represented resting on a low frame of massive timbers fitted with
rude solid wheels of wood. This is being hauled by a vast number
of men by means of huge cables to which numerous small ropes
are attached.

In other cases a number of rollers were substituted for the
wheels, and this method I have seen in operation.

The block is placed on the frame by first raising it to the
required height by the application of long wooden levers to either
end alternately, and packing it up with timber as it is being
raised. The frame is then slipped under it and the packing
removed.

The illustration of the transport of a colossus, which was dis-
covered on the wall of a tomb of the twelfth dynasty at El Bersheh
(figured in memoir III. of the Archaeological Survey of Egypt, El
Bersheh, pt. i.. pi. xv.), is especially worthy of note here, as it
shows that a precisely similar method, but without the use of
wheels or rollers for the frame, was practised in Egypt.

Another method, which is illustrated in Fig. 12,1 may be seen
in use everywhere in Japan and in China for carrying about stones
and timber of much greater weight than the bluestones. In some
of the hill districts in India stones of 20 tons weight are thus
carried. The huge block which is the pedestal of a tombstone is
pierced with a central hole so that a strong beam of timber passed
through it is all that is required for the attachment of the bearing
poles.

Generally, however, several horizontal beams are lashed to the
stone, and to these, at intervals of about two or three feet, transverse
poles are fastened, of sufficient length to accommodate the shoulders
of from two to three or more men at each side in the manner shown
in the picture. The men keep time by shouting simultaneously at

1 Kii no Kuni Meisho Zu-e, 1851, iv.

By William Gowland, F.SA., F.I.C. 29

century, there are several enormous stones, the largest of which
measures 40 feet by 10 feet by at least 5 feet, and must weigh
more than 160 tons.

A picture painted in the eighteenth century, which I have seen,
represents the transport of one of these stones. In it the stone is
represented resting on a low frame of massive timbers fitted with
rude solid wheels of wood. This is being hauled by a vast number
of men by means of huge cables to which numerous small ropes
are attached.

In other cases a number of rollers were substituted for the
wheels, and this method I have seen in operation.

The block is placed on the frame by first raising it to the
required height by the application of long wooden levers to either
end alternately, and packing it up with timber as it is being
raised. The frame is then slipped under it and the packing
removed.

The illustration of the transport of a colossus, which was dis-
covered on the wall of a tomb of the twelfth dynasty at El Bersheh
(figured in memoir III. of the Archasological Survey of Egypt, El
Bersheh, pt. L pi. xv.), is especially worthy of note here, as it
shows that a precisely similar method, but without the use of
wheels or rollers for the frame, was practised in Egypt.

Another method, which is illustrated in Fig. 12,1 may be seen
in use everywhere in Japan and in China for carrying about stones
and timber of much greater weight than the bluestones. In some
of the hill districts in India stones of 20 tons weight are thus
carried. The huge block which is the pedestal of a tombstone is
pierced with a central hole so that a strong beam of timber passed
through it is all that is required for the attachment of the bearing
poles.

Generally, however, several horizontal beams are lashed to the
stone, and to these, at intervals of about two or three feet, transverse
poles are fastened, of sufficient length to accommodate the shoulders
of from two to three or more men at each side in the manner shown
in the picture. The men keep time by shouting simultaneously at

1 Kii no Kuni Meisho Zu-e, 1851, iv.

30

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

each step, and in this they are guided by the man standing on the
stone waving his wand.

Any of the methods I have described were perfectly possible to
the builders of Stonehenge, and it is in the highest degree probable
that the same or similar methods were employed by them for the
transport of the stones from the places where they were found.

And in this connection it must not be forgotten that all the
stones of Stonehenge occurred in its neighbourhood, within a radius
of not many miles, as has already been pointed out, and had not to
be brought from a distant locality.

Shaping and Dressing the Stones. — In this connection it is necessary
to remember that the sarsens, of which the outer circle and the
trilithons consist, occur naturally in more or less flat tabular blocks ;
usually of much greater length than breadth, and generally ranging
in thickness from about 2 to 4 feet. On their surfaces they are
often soft and friable, whilst in the middle they are dense and hard.

No single stone is of uniform hardness ; some parts may be so
soft that they can be rubbed away with the fingers, others so
hard that they resist chipping with a steel chisel.

Originating as concretions in a bed of sand they had somewhat
curved outlines, and usually one face, the under face, retained a
more marked convexity than the other.

From what has just been stated it follows that as a rule but
little material would have to be removed from their broad faces to
reduce them to the symmetrical forms seen at Stonehenge.

To break off large pieces from their sides and ends was not a
matter of great difficulty. It was probably accomplished by lighting
strips of wood along the line where the fracture was desired;
pouring cold water on it when sufficiently heated and then
pounding the part to be detached with the heavy stone mauls.
Pieces of considerable size could also be readily broken off by the
use of the mauls alone. I may mention here that the line of holes
seen on the upper side of stone No. 95, cut across one of its corners,
is not, I think, contemporaneous with the erection of the circles,
but of much later date, as the holes show but little signs of
weathering although they are in such an exposed position. They

By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.I.C.

31

must often be filled with water in winter, and its alternate freezing
and thawing could not have failed to have caused a very much
greater amount of disintegration than their sides now present, had
they been cut by the builders of Stonehenge.

Moreover, that the monoliths were not shaped by cutting holes
along the line of desired fracture is, I think, satisfactorily proved
by the large blocks of sarsen which were found in the excavations.
These, it is not unreasonable to assume, had been detached from
some of the monoliths in the process of shaping them, yet on none
are there any traces of such holes. All, without exception, had
simply rudely fractured surfaces.

This rough shaping of the sarsens doubtless generally took place
at the spots where they were found ; the final dressing only being
performed in the immediate neighbourhood of the sites where they
were to be set up.

To remove the inequalities resulting from this treatment, to
reduce the stones to a proper thickness, and to give to their faces
the slightly curved surfaces 1 which many of the monoliths present,
evidently required more tedious operations.

The mode in which these ends were attained is clearly evident
on examining the surfaces of some of the stones, notably Nos. 59,
54, and the underside of 55<x. On these will be seen several broad
parallel and shallow grooves having a more or less prominent rib
between them. This is well seen on the fallen stone.

These grooves were undoubtedly made with the stone mauls by
violently pounding the stone with them in a line running longi-
tudinally over the surface to be levelled or removed.

The action of a maul so used on the sarsen rock of which the
stones consist was this : each blow fractured and disintegrated the
surface over a considerable area^and to a considerable depth, forming
a shallow cavity, varying in size with the hardness of the rock and
the violence of the blow. The procedure was as follows : — one or

1 It may be mentioned incidentally that the same curved surfaces are found
on the internal faces of the huge megalithic blocks of which the dolmens in
Japan are constructed whenever these are of hewn stone. See Archceologia,
lv. 464,

32

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

more heavy blows were struck, the material detached was then
brushed away, the blows were repeated, but near the edge of the
cavity, the material again removed, and this was continued until
the groove was completed.

The rib between each groove was broken away by side or vertical
blows of the same implement.

Here I would point out that very few small chips of sarsen were
found, although larger pieces were common. This is just what we
would expect from this mode of dressing, as the material broken
away would be either in a more or less pulverulent form or in
pieces of considerable size.

On some of the stones, notably on Nos. 59, 54, and 52, transverse,
but much narrower and shallower, grooves are seen which were
made with the same mauls for facilitating the removal of the
longitudinal ribs and the cutting down of the surface.

The sarsen uprights of the outer circle have each two tenons,
and those of the horseshoe a single tenon, projecting from their
upper extremities, which fit into corresponding mortices on the
lintels and imposts. They were evidently troublesome to make,
as with the exception of those on Nos. 60 and 56, they are generally
of more or less irregular shapes and rude workmanship. In the
case of the recently fallen upright, No. 22, they are merely low
shapeless bosses of only about an inch or so in height ; but even
the best hewn could have been fashioned without difficulty, by the
patient use of the quartzite hammerstones.

The hollowing out of the mortices on the lintels and imposts
was a very easy matter. It was, I think, effected with water , and
sand by the very efficient process of turning round a stone of less
size than the cavity until the required depth was attained, a method
practised in Japan in the manufacture of stone mortars.

I am informed by Professor Flinders Petrie that precisely the
same process was employed in Egypt in the much more difficult
operation of making the exquisitely executed bowls of diorite and
other hard stones so well known to Egyptologists. In his excavation
at Abydos he had the good fortune to discover the site of an actual
workshop where these vessels were made and in which there were

By William Gowland, F.SA., F.I.C.

33

Fig. 13. Tooled surface of the leaning stone.

VOL. XXXIII. — NO. XCIX.

D

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge,

35

many of the rubbing stones that had been actually used in the
process.

The lintels have also either vertical projections or grooves on
their ends forming rude toggle joints by which they were connected
with one another. These, too, could be fashioned with the hammer-
stones, and with rubbing stones and sand, without any difficulty.
It may be further remarked, that in all such considerations of
primitive art it must be remembered that time, which forms
such an important element in modern work, hardly comes into
account in that of early man.

The finished surfaces of all the stones exhibit very careful
tooling, except where it has been destroyed by exposure. This
was particularly well seen on the base of No. 56, where it extends
below the ground, and had thus been protected from the action of
the weather, and on the lower side of No. 55<x. On the under side
of the fallen lintel, No. 122, it is also very distinct.

A thin slab that became detached from stone No. 56 near its
lower extremity, whilst it was being raised, a part of which is
shown in Fig. 13, affords a characteristic example of this tooling in
a very perfect condition, in fact almost as cli|j|f§|3^8)2l it was
originally clone.

This tooling was apparently executed with the small quartzite
hammers. In order to demonstrate this a piece of sarsen was
tooled in a similar manner by Mr. Stallybrass with a quartzite
pebble. On comparing it with the blocks tooled by the builders
of Stonehenge they were seen to be almost perfectly identical. I
may say in this connection that Mr. Stallybrass failed to produce
anything at all like it with any of his mason's tools.

We next come to the " bluestones " and the altar stone, which,
as we have seen, consist of various kinds of rock, the two hardest
of which are diabase and porphyrite. On the stones of these latter
materials no grooves are apparent, except on No. 67, the groove on
No. 68 having been cut for some special purpose, which is not
clearly evident, and not with the mere object of shaping the stone.
The chippings from them are generally small, and from their forms,
•even when large, have all apparently been struck off by blows from

D 2

36

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

a blunt tool. The abundance of these chippings in the excavation
prove conclusively that the stones were shaped on the spot.

With the exception of No. 68, none of these monoliths, probably
owing to their hardness, are of such regular forms as those of sarsen.
So that their sculpture could be accomplished without difficulty
by means of the heavy mauls and the smaller quartzite and sarsen
hammers, and these were without doubt the tools which were
employed. The surfaces of some have been tooled in the same
manner as the sarsens, but the pitting is much shallower owing to
the tougher nature of the rocks of which they consist.

The stones represented by the clippings of the soft fissile rock,
of which only a single weathered stump exists, and the altar stone,
could be shaped and partially dressed with any of the implements.
But it is in the highest degree probable that the rude flint axes
were the tools which were used in the final dressing operations, as
they are more suitable for that work on these soft rocks than the
heavier and blunter hammers.

Erection of the Stones.

There still remains for our consideration the manner in which
the megalithic blocks of this monument of ancient skill were set
up and secured in their foundations.

On these points, as regards the most massive stones in the
structure, the recumbent stone, No. 55, and the hitherto leaning
stone, No. 56, which formed the piers of the central and the greatest
of the trilithons, the excavations have afforded us clear and con-
clusive evidence.

The foundations of these stones when laid bare, as is shown in
the foregoing illustration, were seen to be each of an entirely
different character, that of the recumbent stone having only a
depth of 4 feet, whilst the other extended down to no less than
8 feet 3 inches below the surface, The reason for this is at once
apparent, if we compare the relative lengths of the stones, one
being only 25 feet and the other 29 feet 8 inches in length ; and
at the same time take into consideration the obvious intention of
the builders respecting them. They were the largest blocks which

By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.C.I.

37

had been found, and the builders of the monument evidently de-
termined to utilise their lengths to the utmost, in order that this
trilithon, the central one of the series, might have a vaster and
more impressive magnificence than its fellows by towering over
them, and thus mark in an unequivocal manner the most important
point in the sacred enclosure.

With that end in view the shorter stone was embedded to only
half the depth of its companion, so that, as is shown by the
weathering at their old ground lines, they might bear the impost
at a height of about 21 feet above the turf.

To enable the shorter to do this without too great a sacrifice of
stability it was necessary to give a special shape to its base. This
was accomplished by trimming the stone to a regular form for
21 feet of its length only, and leaving the lower extremity in the
shape of a large irregular projecting boss so as to give it a broad
bearing on the foundation prepared for it.

The longer stone, No. 56, was dressed into a symmetrical shape
from its summit to its base, excepting that the part below the
ground was left thicker than the summit and had the rudely pointed
form described above.

This stone appears to have been erected first. Its foundations,
which have been partly described, were prepared as follows : — the
ground lying within and around the site it was intended to occupy
was excavated and removed, the chalk rock being cut away to a
depth of from 7 feet to 8 feet 3 inches in such a manner as to
leave a ledge, on which the base of the stone was to rest, and a
perpendicular face rising from it, against which as a buttress its
south-west side would bear when set up.

As has been pointed out in a former page, the breadth of this
ledge could only be determined approximately, as the chalk rock
at its edge passed insensibly into firmly consolidated rubble. It
could not, however, have much exceeded 4 feet, and was probably
about 4 feet 6 inches.

A low sloping wall of chalk had also been left opposite to and
about 1 foot distant from the south-east side of the base of the stone,
and a similar wall 2 feet 6 inches distant from the north-west side.

38

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

On the north-east side of the ledge the rock had been entirely
removed to a depth of about 7 feet near the north corner of the
stone, and of about 11 feet in front of the opposite corner.

From the bottom of this hole at a point not determined, as it was
not exposed in the excavations, an inclined plane of rock sloping
down from the interior of the enclosure was apparently cut, as
only 25 feet from the front of the stone the chalk reaches to within
2 feet of the surface.

Both the rubble and chalk were also dug away for a considerable
distance to the north-west, and to a depth of 3 or 4 feet on the
south-west. For some reason which is not evident, part of the
perpendicular face of the chalk was cut away at the west corner,
it may have been, however, to facilitate the adjustment of the
stones on which the sloping side of the base was to rest.

Its site having been thus prepared, the monolith, which had
already been dressed, was slid down the inclined plane into the
cavity until its base rested on the ledge.

It was then gradually raised into a vertical position by means of
levers and ropes. The levers would be long trunks of trees, to one
end of which a number of ropes were attached, as in J apan, so that
the weights and pulling force of many men might be exerted on
them. The stronger ropes were probably of hide or hair, but others
of straw, or of withes of hazel or willow, may have been in use for
minor purposes.

As the stone was being raised, it was packed up with logs of
timber and probably also with blocks of stone placed beneath it.

After its upper end had reached a certain elevation, ropes were
attached to it and it was then hauled by numerous men into a
vertical position, so that its back rested against the perpendicular
face of the chalk which had been prepared for it. During this
part of the operation, struts of timber would be placed against its
sides to guard against slip.

Two blocks of sarsen were then placed under the oblique side of
the base, the excavation was filled in with rubble, and the erection
of the next stone, No. 55, proceeded with.

In the case of this stone, the site it was to occupy was only

By William. Gowland, F.S.A., F.I.C.

39

excavated to a depth of about 4 feet 6 inches below the datum
line, and the chalk rock was left as an almost level platform without
any very distinct cavity.

A large block of sarsen was apparently placed immediately below
its lowest point, and then behind this other large blocks were piled
up in such a manner (Fig. 8) that the projecting boss at the back
of the stone would rest on and be supported by them.

The stone was then raised in the same way as No. 56, and as
soon as it was vertical, the two largest blocks (Fig. 2) were fixed
under it in front, and the large stone mauls were fitted into the
interspaces there to give additional support.

From the precarious nature of this packing of stones, it will be
evident how very easily the stone would be overthrown by any
excavation made in its neighbourhood.

As regards the raising of the lintels and imposts, and placing
them on the tops of the uprights, there would be even less difficulty
than in the erection of the uprights themselves.

It could be easily effected by the simple method practised in
Japan for placing heavy blocks of stone in position.

The stone, when lying on the ground, would be raised a little at
one end by means of long wooden levers. A packing of logs would
then be placed under the end so raised, the other extremity of the
stone would be similarly raised and packed, and the raising and
packing at alternate ends would be continued until the block had
gradually reached the height of the uprights. It would then be
simply pushed forward by levers until it rested upon them.

An important question now arises : are the " bluestones " and
the sarsens contemporaneous, or were they set up at different times?

Some special value, perchance, merely from their colour or rarity,
must have been attached to the " bluestones," otherwise, the ex-
cessive labour required for shaping them would not have been
undertaken.

According to a venerable legend, they were brought from Ireland,
or other distant place, and were set up as a sacred circle, to which,
it has been supposed, the sarsen trilithons and circle were added
at a later period in honour of their sanctity. That neither the

40

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

legend nor the supposition is true, and that both the " bluestone "
monoliths and the sarsen blocks are contemporaneous we have
ample proofs, as has already been shown in the mode of occurrence
of their chippings and of the stones themselves.

Still further evidence in this direction, if such is needed, is
afforded by the manner in which the sarsens were set up. That
the stones of the central trilithon were erected from the inside of
the circle has been conclusively demonstrated by the excavations,
hence the " bluestones " in front cannot have been erected before
them. Moreover the " bluestone," No. 68, the base of which was
laid bare in Excavation V., was found to be set in the rubble which
had been used to fill up the foundation of No. 56, and further, in a
lower layer than its base, there were two small blocks of sarsen
with tooled surfaces.

Whether the outer sarsens were set up from the inside of the
circle like the trilithons, or from the outside, is a point which can
only be settled by future excavations. If from the inside their
erection must have preceded that of the trilithons and hence of
the " bluestones."

On the other hand, should the outer sarsens have been raised
from the outside, it would not be possible for the " bluestones " to
have been placed in position before them, as they would then have
seriously interfered with if not altogether prevented the erecting
' operations.

The venerable traditions which tell of the earlier date and more
sacred character of the " bluestones " are hence shown to have
no foundation in fact, they are merely the creations of poetical
imagination. No long interval of time separated the erection of
the sarsen and the." bluestone " monoliths, although the work must
have occupied a considerable period. The monument as a whole
is of one date. Its parts do not belong to different ages.

Age of Stonehenge.
As regards the age of Stonehenge we have now to consider how
far the objects found in the excavations throw light on that im-
portant and much disputed subject.

By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.I.C.

41

No object of bronze, iron, or other metal occurred in the excava-
tions except in the superficial layers.

The Koman coins were found at but small depths below the
surface, and with one exception, the doubtful coin or Anglo-Saxon
ornament, not deeper than the modern coins.

But at the south-east end of Excavation V., 7 feet below the
datum line, there was found a rectangular slab of sarsen, to which
allusion has already been made, the upper surface of which is
tooled, and having on its lower side a small green stain, or more
correctly a green incrustation. The incrustation, which is of
extreme thinness, occurs in the form of two small patches of
irregular shape. A minute portion of it was analysed and found
to consist of carbonate of copper. Now this incrustation can only
have been produced by prolonged contact with some very small
object of copper or bronze or some material containing copper.
What the object or material can have been it is difficult to say as
it had completely perished ; for it was not found, notwithstanding
that it was specially sought for, and anything larger than J inch
could not have escaped observation. It may perhaps have been
an ornament, but cannot possibly have been an implement.

Both Eoman and British pottery were obtained at several points,
but only in small fragments, all much too small for the determina-
tion of the shapes of the vessels to which they belonged. None
were found along with the stone implements or under other con-
ditions from which any useful deductions could be drawn. As
regards the discovery of Roman pottery after the fall of the trilithon
in 1797, Mr. William Cunnington gives the important information
contained in the footnote.1

1 "In the 'Beauties of Wiltshire,' vol. ii., p. 131, it is stated that 'pottery
of Roman manufacture was discovered after the fall of the large stones in
1797, in the soil which served for their foundation'

" This statement having been the cause of some misapprehension, I have
been requested to publish the following information.

" The late Mr. Cunnington, of Heytesbury, first mentioned the subject to
I Mr. Britton, but the most important point connected with it seems to have
been misunderstood. He consequently addressed a letter to Mr. Britton, in
which he explained the matter fully. It is dated Heytesbury, October 22nd,

42

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

Then as regards pottery of an earlier date, the discovery of a
thuribulum 3 feet below the ground, recorded by Inigo Jones,
affords no evidence either as to the age or purpose of the monument,
as the nature of the ground and the conditions under which it was
found are not given, and without these, in a place so honeycombed
in part by rabbit burrows, no scientific value can be attached to
the occurrence of any object. It may be of very much later date
than Stonehenge, even if it were found at a greater depth, for in
Excavation VI. I dug up a modern preserved meat tin from a
much lower layer than the stone implements in the neighbouring
undisturbed ground.

As regards the stone implements, I have already partially dealt
with their character and approximate age. More, however, remains
to be said about them. The larger number of these implements,
their rudeness, and the complete absence of any of bronze might
be considered to indicate without doubt that they belonged to an
early part of the neolithic age, and hence that Stonehenge was of
that date. But, as I have previously shown, bronze tools were by
no means necessary for any of the operations required, either for
shaping the stones or for erecting them, and it is possible that if
the early bronze age people found that stone tools were the most
suitable implements to employ they would certainly have used
them. So that the occurrence of stone tools does not alone prove
with absolute certainty that Stonehenge belongs to the neolithic
age, although it affords a strong presumption in favour of that view.
But, and this is important, had bronze been in general or even
moderately extensive use when the stones were set up, it is in the
highest degree probable that some implement of that metal would

1801, and is now in my possession. He writes as follows : ' I think you
should correct the statement respecting the Roman pottery found at Stone-
henge. Your paragraph conveys what I never meant it to convey, namely,
that the pottery was deposited before the erection of the stones. I conceive
it to have been in the earth surrounding the stones, and after the fall of the
trilithon the earth containing these fragments would naturally moulder into
the hollows, for in this loose earth recently fallen into the cavity, the bits of
pottery were found.' " — Wiltshire Archceological and Natural History
Magazine, xxi., 149.

By William Gowland F.S.A., F.I.C.

43

have been lost within the area of the excavations, and if so lost, it
would certainly have been found together with the stone tools.
Further, the employment of deer's horn picks for the extensive
excavations made in the chalk around the base of the monoliths,
Nos. 55 and 56, the evidence of which I have already laid before
you, also tends to support the view that bronze implements cannot
have been in common use. If they had it would seem not un-
reasonable to assume that they would have been employed, as they
would have been so much more effective for such work than the
picks of deer's horn.

Again, the chippings of the stones of Stonehenge in two of the
bronze age barrows1 in its neighbourhood show that it is of earlier
date than they.

The copper-stained stone found in Excavation V., is, in fact, the
only evidence which the excavations have yielded that copper or
bronze was known. It proves their existence, but it does not prove
that they had then been applied to any industrial uses.

Only a comparatively small area of the ground within Stonehenge
was excavated (General Plan, Fig. 14), and it may be that in
further excavations some bronze implements may be found.

Until such discovery is made, I shall hold that Stonehenge was
erected during the latter part of the neolithic age, or the period of
transition from stone to bronze, and before that metal had passed
into general practical use, and in that opinion, I think, I am fully
supported by the evidence afforded by the excavations.

The difficulty of giving an exact or even approximate date to
that early period, in the total absence of any aid from inscriptions
or the records of ancient chronicles, will be evident to all. Yet I
think the task should not, on that account, be evaded, although I
approach it with the greatest diffidence.

The date of the beginning of the bronze age has been computed
by several distinguished archaeologists. Sir John Evans proposes
1400 B.C. for Britain, but with some hesitation, and evidently is

1 Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Ancient History of South Wiltshire (London,
1812,) 127; W. Stukeley, Stonehenge (London, 1740), 46.

By William Goivland F.S.A., F.I.C.

43

have been lost within the area of the excavations, and if so lost, it
would certainly have been found together with the stone tools.
Further, the employment of deer's horn picks for the extensive
excavations made in the chalk around the base of the monoliths,
Nos. 55 and 56, the evidence of which I have already laid before
you, also tends to support the view that bronze implements cannot
have been in common use. If they had it would seem not un-
reasonable to assume that they would have been employed, as they
would have been so much more effective for such work than the
picks of deer's horn.

Again, the chippings of the stones of Stonehenge in two of the
bronze age barrows1 in its neighbourhood show that it is of earlier
date than they.

The copper-stained stone found in Excavation V., is, in fact, the
only evidence which the excavations have yielded that copper or
bronze was known. It proves their existence, but it does not prove
that they had then been applied to any industrial uses.

Only a comparatively small area of the ground within Stonehenge
was excavated (General Plan, Fig. 14), and it may be that in
further excavations some bronze implements may be found.

Until such discovery is made, I shall hold that Stonehenge was
erected during the latter part of the neolithic age, or the period of
transition from stone to bronze, and before that metal had passed
into general practical use, and in that opinion, I think, I am fully
supported by the evidence afforded by the excavations.

The difficulty of giving an exact or even approximate date to
that early period, in the total absence of any aid from inscriptions
or the records of ancient chronicles, will be evident to all. Yet I
think the task should not, on that account, be evaded, although I
approach it with the greatest diffidence.

The date of the beginning of the bronze age has been computed
by several distinguished archaeologists. Sir John Evans proposes
1400 B.C. for Britain, but with some hesitation, and evidently is

1 Sir Eichard Colt Hoare, Ancient History of South Wiltshire (London,
1812,) 127 ; W. Stukeley, Stonehenge (London, 1740), 46.

44

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

inclined to think his estimate too low. Montelius gives 2000 B.C.
for northern Italy. These dates are those of the first use of a
copper or bronze weapon. But in all countries where ores of
copper, and especially ores of tin, as in England, were abundant
and cropped out at the surface of the ground, and native copper
may have been occasionally met with, there must have been a long
period during which neolithic men were merely acquainted with
these metals but unable to make any practical use of them. And
there can be no question that the progression from a mere knowledge
of metals, to their general application to the manufacture of im-
plements, was extremely slow and must be measured probably by
centuries.

So that, in my opinion, the date when copper or bronze was first
known in Britain is a very remote one, as no country in the world
presented greater facilities for their discovery. The beginning of
their application to practical uses should, T think, be placed at least
as far back as 1800 B.C., and that date I am inclined to give, until
further evidence is forthcoming, as the approximate date of the
erection of Stonehenge,

In this connection, I may cite the results of an important in-
vestigation recently made by Sir Norman Lockyer and Mr. Penrose
with a view to the determination of the age of Stonehenge from
astronomical data.

Their argument rests upon the assumption of the monument
having been a solar temple.

They observed the point of the rising of the midsummer sun in
the direction of a line traversing the middle of the avenue from a
point lying midway between the the piers of the central trilithon.
From their observations they arrived at 1680 B.C. ; + 200 years as
the date of the monument, a date in close agreement with that I
have ventured to propose on entirely different grounds.

Purpose and Origin of Stonehenge.

The purpose for which Stonehenge was erected, space will not
permit me to discuss at length, yet it cannot be passed over in
silence.

By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.I.C.

45

All the evidence we have, apart from the doubtful attributions
of legendary lore, leads, I think irresistibly to the conclusion that
it was not a sepulchre, but a place of sanctity dedicated to the
observation or adoration of the sun.

If on the morning of Midsummer Day we stand in the middle
of the horseshoe curve in which the trilithons are arranged, a point
once marked by the aperture between the two piers of the central
and greatest of them, and look in the direction of the " hele " stone,
the sun will be seen to rise approximately over the summit of that
monolith.

This can hardly be accidental. It is, in fact, impossible to con-
ceive that the arrangement of the trilithons in an open curve, with
its opening directed eastwards, and more especially that the position
of the central trilithon and altar stone in relation to the " hele "
stone and the avenue, can have been the result of mere chance.

If not the result of chance, this disposition of the stones must
have been made with some purpose, and that purpose cannot have
been other than to direct observers or worshippers to the point
where the sun rose in the heavens.

A somewhat parallel case is afforded us in the surviving form of
sun-worship in Japan.

There on the seashore at Futa-mi-ga-ura, the orientation of the
shrine of adoration is given by two gigantic rocks which rise from
the sea as natural pillars. The sun as it rises over the mountains
of the distant shore is observed between them, and the customary
prayers and offerings made in that direction.

It is, too, specially worthy of note that the point from which the
sun is revered is marked by a structure of the form of a trilithon,
but made of wood, placed immediately behind the altar. This
representative of the trilithon is of very remote date in Japan,
and has been in use there from the earliest times in connection
with the observances of the ancient Shinto cult in which the Sun-
Goddess is the chief deity. One of its important uses, which still
survives, was to indicate the direction of the position of some sacred
place or object of veneration, in order that worshippers might
make their prayers and oblations towards the proper quarter.

46

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

That the sun was revered by many races in the primitive period
there are abundant proofs. In Britain our knowledge of the re-
ligious cult of the men of the period of transition from stone to
bronze, or of the early bronze age, is extremely limited, yet very
strong evidence in favour of some kind of worship or reverence of
the sun is afforded by the interments in the barrows of Yorkshire
and Derbyshire,1 explored by Canon Greenwell, where " the habit
was generally to place the body in the grave facing the sun."

In later days, when Stonehenge had ceased to be a temple of
the sun, and its sacred character had departed, it might have been
used as a sepulchre, but of this there is no positive evidence, and
its ascription to such a purpose would seem to have no other basis
than the fanciful ascriptions of ancient legends.

Finally, as to the origin of Stonehenge.

The idea of the origin of megalithic structures from a common
source has been advanced by many writers. But in this connection
it should be borne in mind that there seems to have been an epoch
in the life of many races, widely separated from one another,
during which, under very varied conditions, they erected monuments
of more or less rude megalithic blocks and of similar forms. And
from this it by no means follows that the practice or the forms
were copied by one race from another, but rather that they were
the outcome of a similar development of the human mind and had
an independent origin in many and remotely separated regions.

In Britain there is abundant evidence, in the numerous rude
stone monuments distributed throughout its area, that this peculiar
phase of mental development had reached a very high point. Why
then should we seek in distant countries for the origin of this
crowning example of megalithic art ?

Of its foreign origin there is, in fact, no proof, and its plan and
execution alike can be ascribed to none other than our rude fore-
fathers, the men of the neolithic or, it may be, of the early bronze
age.

W. Greenwell, British Barrows, 26.

By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.LC.

47

Note on ttje Nature antf ©rtgm of tfje EocMragments foimti
in tjje (fExcabatums matte at Stonefjenge tig |Hr. ©ofolanti

ttl \90\. BV Professor J. W. Judd, C.B., LL.D.,F.R.S.i FGX

From the large collection of fragments which were submitted to
me by Mr. Gowland, types of all the different rocks represented
were selected, and thin sections having been made from them in
the Geological Laboratory of the Eoyal College of Science, they
were studied microscopically.

Before proceeding to detail the results of these studies, it may
be well to state what had previously been done in the way of de-
termining the exact nature of the materials employed by the
builders of Stonehenge.

Sir K. C. Hoare, when writing his Ancient Wiltshire (1812 — 20),
appears to have sent to Mr. James Sowerby a small specimen of
each of the stones forming the monument of Stonehenge. Sowerby
described these fragments as falling into the following classes : i.
"Pine-grained species of siliceous sandstone." ii. "An aggregate
of quartz, feldspar, chlorite, and hornblende" (twenty-six in number),
iii. One "is a siliceous schist." iv. Three others " are hornstone
with small specks of feldspar and pyrites." v. " The altar stone is
a micaceous fine-grained sand-stone." 1

In 1833 the Kev. W. D. Conybeare stated that " the smaller
circles of Stonehenge consist of a variety of greenstone rock." 2

Professor John Phillips in 1858 referred to Wales, Cornwall,
and the elvans or greenstone dykes near Dartmoor as possible
sources from which the " greenstones " of Stonehenge may have

1 Sir K. C. Hoare, Ancient History of South Wiltshire, 149, 150. Cf.
Wiltshire Archceological and Natural History Magazine, xvi. 69, 70.

2 Gentleman s Magazine, ciii., pt. ii., 452-454.

48

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

been derived.1 He refers other rocks to the " compact felspar of
Macculloch."

The same author in 1871 recorded the finding of shells in one
of the blocks of sarsen at Stonehenge.2

In 1877 there appeared the very valuable essay of Professor N.
S. Maskelyne on the " Petrology of Stonehenge.3 As the result of
a careful study of very minute chips taken from the monoliths of
Stonehenge Professor Maskelyne, who was assisted in the research
by the late Mr. Thomas Davies, of the British Museum, classified
the stones as follows : i. Sarsens. ii. The " grey micaceous grit of
the 'altar-stone.'" iii. Different varieties of "diabase" (including
the majority of the so-called " bluestones ") in which it was shown
for the first time that augite and not hornblende was the predomi-
nant mineral, iv. Hornstones, of which it was found that four
stones consisted, two of them having a " schistose structure." The
microscopical characters of these rocks were illustrated in a plate>
and analyses of the types iii. (Stone 33) and iv. (Stone 48) made
by Dr. Prevost are given.

Professor Maskelyne in this paper refers to the numerous frag-
ments and chips of rock found in the soil of Stonehenge, and points
out that they are generally identical with the stones of the structure.
He classifies them as : i. Diabasic dolerite and felsitic rock, some
possessing the distinctive features of the " bluestone " monoliths of
Stonehenge (these are very abundant), ii. Compact rocks with
slaty cleavage, iii. Quartzoze grits, with scales of brown mica or
green grains (chlorite ?). Professor Maskelyne's essay called at-
tention to the great importance of the study of the monoliths of
Stonehenge, and of the fragments buried in the ground within and

1 See letter from Professor Phillips to Dr. Thurnam quoted in Long's
" Stonehenge and its Barrows," Wilts Archceological and Natural History
Magazine, xvi. (1876), 71.

2 John Phillips, Geology of Oxford and the Valley of the Thames (1871), 447.

3 Wiltshire Archceological and Natural History Magazine, xvii. (1877),
147-160, with plate. See also Proceedings of the Geological Association,
vii., 138-140.

By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.I.C.

49

around it. In succeeding years Mr. Thomas Davies carried these
important investigations still farther by the study of specimens
sent to him from time to time by Mr. William Cunnington.

On July 8th, 1881, no less than' 172 chips of stone were obtained
by Mr. Cunnington from three small holes at Stonehenge. These
when submitted to Mr. Thomas Davies were classified by him as
follows : —

Diabase - - - - 39

In the paper in which this discovery is recorded,1 it is mentioned
that Mr. H. Cunnington had found two stumps of stones, one of
diabase, and the other of schist, while the existence of buried bases
of other stones had been demonstrated by probings with a pointed
rod. Eock-fragments similar to those found within the enclosure
of Stonehenge were also collected from several barrows in the
vicinity. Some of the specimens, with sections from them, illus-
trating the fragments from Stonehenge which were examined by
Mr. Thomas Davies for Mr. William Cunnington, are still preserved
in the Mineralogical Department of the British (Natural History)
Museum at South Kensington.

In 1893 Mr. William Cunnington submitted to Mr. Teall a
collection of sections made from fragments, which were collected
r mostly with rare exceptions, as noted, from under the turf within
the area of the building " at Stonehenge. The thirty-four slides
examined by Mr. Teall enabled him to class the rocks from which

1 " Stonehenge Notes : The Fragments," by W. CunniDgton, Wilts Arch.
■Mag., xxi. (1883), 141-149.

VOL. XXXIII. NO. XCIX. E

Felsite

Quartzites with traces of felspar
Sarsen stone

Calciferous chloritic schist
Micaceous sandstone (like altar-stone)

62
8
9

49

5

50

Recent Excavations, at Stonehenge.

they were cut as follows : — :

Diabases -

Felsites - - - -

Calcareous chloritic schist
Grits and sandstones

Unnamed rocks (all of one type, of igneous

10

6
7
5

origin and intermediate composition, but
in a very unsatisfactory state of preser-
vation) -

6

One of the sandstones was glauconitic, while one of the " cal-
careous chloritic schists " and one of the diabases were taken from
the stumps of stones discovered by Mr. H. Cunnington in 1881.

In studying the great mass of materials collected by Mr. Gowland
I have received invaluable assistance from previous investigators
of the subject. Professor N. S. Maskelyne very generously placed
at my disposal his original sections made from fragments chipped
from the monoliths ; while Dr. H. P. Blackmore allowed me to
have the loan of the fragments themselves, which are preserved in
the Salisbury Museum. Mr. Fletcher, of the British Museum,
permitted me to inspect the specimens sent by Mr. William
Cunnington to Mr. Thomas Davies, with the sections made from
them, while Mr. Teall gave me further information concerning
the sections examined by him. I must also mention the great
assistance I have received from the Bibliography of Stonehenge
and Avebury,"2 which has been so carefully compiled by Mr. W.
Jerome Harrison.

The Chips of Stones Employed in the Building of Stonehenge.

The series of fragments selected by me from the great collection
made by Mr. Gowland fall into the following classes. The com-
parison of them with the rocks constituting the monoliths, especially
with respect to the numbers of each type occurring as fragments

1 " Notes on Sections of Stonehenge Bocks belonging to Mr. W. Cunnington,
by J. J. H. Teall, Wilts Arch. Mag., xxvii. (1894), 66-68.

2 Wilts Arch. Mag., xxxii. 1901, 1-169.

By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.LG.

51

and in the monoliths respectively, suggests considerations of very
great interest and importance, both to the archaeologist and the
geologist. »

I. Sarsen Stones. — The nature and origin of these masses of
sandstone have been very fully discussed by Professor T. Kupert
Jones.1 They are concreted portions of a Tertiary sandstone, either
of the Woolwich and Beading beds, as suggested by Sir Joseph
Prestwich, or of the Bagshot beds, as maintained by Mr. Whitaker.
All the usual characters of the different varieties of sarsen are
illustrated among the fragments collected at Stonehenge. With
the exception of casts of rootlets and stems, fossils are almost
entirely absent from these sarsens. Sir Joseph Prestwich found
in one of the monoliths of Stonehenge a layer of shells,2 but I have
not detected any trace of shells in any of the fragments I have
examined, nor, so far as I am aware, have shells ever been found
in any of the sarsens lying on the surface of the downs. In their
microscopic characters, when studied in thin slices,3 they show
great differences according to their composition and state of in-
duration. In some cases they are coarse-grained, in others very
fine-grained ; the sand grains of which they are composed are
sometimes well rounded, at other times angular. Other minerals
present in them besides quartz are felspars, more or less altered,
mica, and glauconite, while chips of flint are in some cases not rare.
The grains sometimes show only a small quantity of cement
between them ; at other times this siliceous cement is large in
quantity and the outlines of the original grains can be traced only
with difficulty, the rock being almost undistinguishable from a
quartzite. Occasionally the cement around the grains shows the
radiated or spherulitic appearance which is so well known in the
case of the Ightham stone described by Professor Bonney.4

1 "History of the Sarsens," by Professor T. Kupert Jones, Part I., Wilts
Arch. Mag., xxiii. (1886), 122-154 ; Part II., Geological Magazine, Dec. IV.
viii. (1901), 54-59 and 115-125.

2 Prestwich, Geology of Oxford and the Thames Valley (1871), 447.

3 " Note on the Structure of Sarsens," Geological Magazine, Dec. IV. viii.

(1901), 1.

4 Geological Magazine, Dec. IV. v. (1888), 299.

E 2

52

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

All of these various features may be found in different specimens
of the sarsens which occur among the fragments found in the
excavations at Stonehenge. Of the relative paucity of the fragments
of sarsen found in the excavations, when compared with those of
the " Milestones " and other rocks, I shall have to speak further in
the sequel.

II. Ophitic Diabase. — These rocks have been fully described by
Professor Maskelyne, and all the varieties which he mentions as
occurring in the " bluestone " monoliths of Stonehenge find their
parallels among the fragments collected in the recent excavations,
the rocks differ greatly in size of grain, some being coarse-grained
and porphyritic, others being comparatively fine-grained and almost
compact in structure. The ophitic character is in some cases much
more marked than in others. The rocks differ also greatly in the
amount of alteration they have undergone. In some cases the
felspar (labradorite ?), the augite, and the magnetite or titanoferrite
are all quite fresh and unchanged, so that the rock might be called
an "ophitic dolerite." More frequently the felspar has been
largely converted into epidote and zoisite (with secondary albite),
the augite into various chloritic minerals, and the titanoferrite
into leucoxene.

III. Highly altered Basic Tuffs and Agglomerates. — These rocks
are generally of a fissile character, and some of them have been
variously referred to by different authors as " schistose rocks " and
"calcareous chloritic schists." They consist of chlorite and
leucoxene, with various colourless minerals (zoisite, albite, etc.),
the products of the alteration of minerals found in basic lavas. In
many cases the rock is evidently made up of more or less angular
fragments, and not unfrequently these fragments are vesicular, the
vesicles being filled with crystalline calcite. In consequence of
this, most of these rocks effervesce freely with acid. It is evident
that the rocks are of volcanic origin, and are ancient basic tuffs
and agglomerates. In some cases the amount of alteration which
they have undergone is extreme ; only traces of their original clastic
character can be detected, and the rocks have evidently become
more or less foliated in structure. The number of fragments of

By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.I.C.

53

rock of this type is so great that it is probable a number of stones
of this kind were used in building Stonehenge. Owing, however,
to their fissile character, and the ease with which they succumb to
weathering agencies, all seem to have disappeared except a stump,
which was discovered by Mr. H. Cunnington in 1881, 1 and referred
to by Mr. W. Cunnington as S 28 of his plan.

IV. Altered Rhyolites and Dacites. — These rocks have been
variously referred to by previous authors as " hornstones," " por-
phyrites," and " felsites." They are probably the compact felspar
of Phillips. One striking porphyritic variety has often been
referred to under the name of " black quartzite with felspar
crystals." It has occurred not only among the fragments which
were obtained by Mr. Gowland, but also in the series of specimens
collected from the surface by Mr. Cunnington, while one large
piece was found in one of the barrows (No. 41, Hoare's map). It
is probable that a stone consisting of this material once existed at
Stonehenge, but has now disappeared. The striking appearance of
the rock would probably lead to " specimens " being frequently
knocked off from it, and thus, in the course of years, the whole
stone may have disappeared.

All of the rocks of this class show very strikingly the " fluxion
structure," and there is no doubt that they represent old lavas of
a viscid character, in which the material has been drawn out in
the direction of the flow. Professor Maskelyne has remarked upon
the existence of clastic structure in the stones 38, 40, 46, and 48
of the plan. This would seem to indicate that these stones represent
not lavas but tuffs or agglomerates composed of lava-fragments.
But upon this point I would suggest that a brecciated appearance
is often exhibited by true lavas, like the well-known " piperno " of
the Pianura near Naples. Indeed the name of " eutaxites " of
Fritsch and Eeiss, and the term " eutaxitic structure," are recog-
nition by petrographers of the fact of the existence of such
" brechoiclal " lavas. Mr. Eutley has shown that the celebrated
porphyry of Djebel Dokhan, the original prqfido rosso antico, often

1 Wilts Arch. Mag., xxi. 142.

54

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

shows the same brecciform structure. From the analysis of Dr.
Prevost of the stone 48 of the plan, and from the microscopic
characters of all these rocks, it is evident that they represent old
lavas of acid composition, which were either originally hornstone-
like in structure (" hornsteinartig ") or more probably were more
or less perfectly glassy, and have acquired their present hornstone-
like lustre by secondary devitrification. Dr. Prevost's analysis,
showing an excess of soda over potash, points to the conclusion
that they were rather quartz-andesites or dacites than rhyolites.
Some of them may have been, as suggested by Professor Maskelyne,
the consolidated and altered tuffs of such lavas.

V. Sandstones, Grits, and Quartzites. — The rock of the "altar-
stone," a micaceous sandstone, appears to be represented among
the fragments dug up, and there are other more highly micaceous
and very fissile varieties of sandstone among the fragments found.
The rock of the altar-stone was thought by Professor John Phillips
to resemble certain Devonian and Cambrian rocks; Professor
Maskelyne pointed out its similarity to the well-known stone in
the Coronation Chair, which, as Sir Andrew Eamsey showed, is
almost certainly Old Red Sandstone from Perthshire ; the late Mr.
Thomas Davies states that a very similar rock of Devonian age is
found outcropping at Frome, in Somerset. The more fissile and
very micaceous varieties among the fragments are so similar to the
Yorkshire flagstone, that there can be very little doubt of their
derivation from rocks of Carboniferous age. With the sandstones
are some quartzites, which do not appear to be indurated sarsen
stones, but must be probably referred to true quartzites, like those
of the Stiper Stones, Hartshill, etc. Altogether, among these
siliceous rocks we appear to have possible representatives of various
pre-Cambrian and Pakeozoic sandstones.

VI. GreywacMs. — These are rocks consisting mainly of grains of
quartz and of much altered felspar, with more or less argillaceous
matter. They belong to the class of rocks so fully represented in
the Scottish Borderland, and have evidently been derived from the
more or less imperfect disintegration of crystalline rocks. Although
such rocks are especially abundant in the Scottish Borderland,

By William Goidand, F.S.A., F.I.O.

55

similar materials are found in the Lake District, North Wales, and
Devon and Cornwall. Their absence from the " bluest ones " of
Stonehenge, while they are represented in considerable numbers
among the fragments from the excavations, is doubtless due to
their fissility and ease of decomposition. Stones of this kind set up
on edge and exposed to the action of frost could not withstand
such agencies like the "diabases," "hornstones," and "sarsen-stones"
which constitute the survivors of the Stonehenge assemblage of
monoliths. There are numerous gradations between the areno-
argillaceous rocks and the more purely argillaceous flagstones and
slates.

VII. Argillaceous Flagstones and Slates. — Among these we have
a perfect gradation from coarse imperfectly fissile rocks, with more
or less sandy material in their composition, to very pure argillaceous
rocks which may be described as clay-slates. Like the rocks of
the last group, these flagstones and slates would be especially liable
to break up under the action of frost, especially when the fissile
masses were set with their cleavage planes vertical.

VIII. Glauconitic Sandstone. — A few fragments of a fine-grained
sandstone with glauconitic grains occurred. A similar rock con-
taining foraminifera was also among the fragments of which slides
were sent by Mr. Cunnington to Mr. Teall. These rocks were
probably Cretaceous in age (Upper Greensand ?). Their presence
may be accidental, thongh it is just possible that a boulder of this
kind might have been utilised by the architects of Stonehenge.

IX. Flints, both in their ordinary condition and whitened or
bleached condition, occur. These are probably fragments broken
from the flint tools in working, or sometimes, it may be, fragments
struck off in renewing the points of the tools. The flint fragments
do not seem to be sufficiently numerous to suggest that in either
of the comparatively small excavations made we have come upon
a " workshop " where the rude flint-tools were fashioned. It is not
at present possible to say, therefore, whether the flint-tools were
made at Stonehenge or elsewhere. One of the whitened chalk-
flints showed in thin sections specimens of Globigerina cretacea,
with sponge spicules and traces of other fossils.

56

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

Most of these rock-fragments are perfectly angular, and would
appear to have been struck off' from the monoliths during shaping
and dressing, or from the stone tools used in the work.

Only the hardest and most durable of the rocks among the
fragments (diabase and rhyolite, etc) are found to be represented
among the existing stones in the " bluestone " circles of Stonehenge.
The basic tuffs, the greywackes, the flagstones, and the slates, are
all rocks which, as we have seen, are softer, more easily broken,
and at the same time more susceptible to the action resulting from
atmospheric changes than the diabases and rhyolites (hornstones).
As we have already pointed out, rocks of a fissile character when
set on end would be quite unable through a long series of years to
withstand the constant alternation of rains and frost.

The two " bluestone " circles of Stonehenge probably contained
originally thirty and fifteen upright stones respectively, of which
only nineteen of the former and eleven of the latter remain,
possibly imposts existed originally for each pair of bluestones, like
the stone 150, the only one of the kind which can now be identified.
It has sometimes been assumed that Stonehenge was a monument
that was never completed. I would suggest, on the contrary, that
it was a completed monument of which only the most durable
materials have survived the action of weather and the ravages of
time.

It is a very significant circumstance that Mr. Cunnington found
the base of a " schistose " upright in the outer " bluestone " circle
between the stones 32 and 33 of the plan, and the gaps in both
the bluestone circles are strikingly suggestive of a considerable
number of stones having disappeared.

EOCKS USED AS TOOLS BY THE BuiLDEES OF STONEHENGE.

The materials employed as mauls and axes, of which such an
interesting collection was made by Mr. Gowland, are also worthy
of some attention. From small chips broken from the eight mauls,
with which Mr. Gowland has supplied me, I have had sections cut.
They all prove to be masses of " sarsen " of exceptional hardness
and induration, approaching quartzite in texture. They have

By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.I.C.

57

evidently been selected for the work in which they were employed
owing to their great hardness and toughness.

The chief features of the rock of these several mauls are as
follows : —

1 is a very fine-grained rock of great hardness. The cement between the
grains is so tough that many of the quartz particles are broken across in the
fractured surface, giving rise to a peculiar lustre. Under the microscope the
rock is seen to be made up of quartz-grains, mostly sub-angular, with some
partially decomposed felspar and black magnetite (?), the whole evidently
derived from crystalline rocks (granite, etc.). The siliceous cement between
the grains is almost entirely crystalline.

2 is very similar to the last, but with some coarser grains. The siliceous
cement between the grains, however, is less perfectly crystallized, and under
the microscope with polarized light, resembles the polysynthetic quartz in
cataclastic rocks.

3 is similar to 2, with the exception that the siliceous cement between the
sand-grains is still less perfectly crystallized and is almost chalcedonic in
character.

4 is almost identical in character with 2, consisting of grains of sand of
very unequal size.

5 is much coarser in grain than any of the preceding varities, and the
siliceous cement between the large sand-grains is of a perfectly chalcedonic
character.

6 is very similar to the last, being rather coarse-grained, but with the
chalcedonic cement assuming a somewhat radiated structure around the
sand-grains.

7 is a fine-grained rock, very similar to No. 1 in the size and character of
the sand-grains, but the cement is chalcedonic rather than perfectly crystalline.

8 is a much coarser-grained variety with a chalcedonic cement. In 6 and
8 the radiated fibrous quartz crystals give an appearance resembling that of
the well-known Ightham Stone, described by Professor Bonney.

The other smaller hammers are fragments of crystalline rocks
and quartzite, such as might be obtained in any glacial drift or
gravel deposit. The flints of which the axes are made do not offer
any special points of interest. They may have been obtained in
the immediate locality.

Sources from whence the Materials of Stonehenge were

DERIVED.

That the great sandstone monoliths of Stonehenge were originally
" grey wethers " lying upon the surface of the chalk downs, probably
• at no great distance from the spot where the structure stands,

58

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

there can be no reasonable donbt. The comparative pancity of
fragments of sarsen stone, especially those of large size, in the
excavations recently made, points to the conclusion that these
large monoliths were selected for their size and shape, and then
rudely trimmed at the spots where they tvere found. Only the final
dressing of the surfaces of the stones, with perhaps the carving of
the tenons and mortices, would ■ appear to have been left to be
executed at the place of erection. It is scarcely conceivable that
in dealing with the transport of such bulky and heavy masses the
builders of the monument would not have reduced the weight of
the stones as far as possible before attempting their removal. The
proportion of sarsen to other fragments in the soil of Stonehenge
fully supports the conclusion that the rough dressing was performed
before the stones were brought to the place of erection.

With respect to the " blues tones," it is no less obvious that they
were for the most part chipped into the required forms and dressed
near the place of their erection. This is shown by the circumstance
that, within the limited area of the recent excavations, such a very
large quantity of angular chips of these " bluestones " have been
found.

This fact, I think, completely negatives the old traditions con-
cerning Stonehenge, that it consisted of a circle of " bluestones,"
which had acquired a certain sanctity in a distant locality, and
had been transported from the original home of the tribe, when it
emigrated or was driven to Salisbury Plain, or that it was a trophy
of war, the larger monoliths being afterwards erected around the
primitive sacred stone-circle. If this had been the case, it is im-
possible to believe that stones regarded with such veneration, and
transported with such difficulty from distant localities, would have
been reduced to something like half their bulk (as they must have
been in many cases) before re-erection.

Many attempts have been made to suggest a probable locality
from which the " bluestones " of Stonehenge may have been brought
These have all been based upon the assumption that the present,
standing stones represent the whole of the " foreign rocks " em-
ployed. As we have seen in the preceding pages, however, the

By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.LC.

59

" Milestones " now remaining at Stonehenge probably represent
only the hardest and most durable of the materials employed,
many stones of soft and fissile character having disappeared entirely,
owing to the action of the weather and the assaults of relic-mongers,
during the long period of the existence of the monument.

The older authors like Conybeare have insisted that the nature
of the stones is not inconsistent with the tradition that the circle
was transported by a tribe from Ireland from the neighbourhood
of Kildare ?

Professor J ohn Phillips suggested Wales, Cornwall, and Dartmoor
as possible localities from which the " Milestones " of Stonehenge
may have been brought.

The late Sir Andrew Kamsay wrote as follows : — the "Milestones "
clo not resemble the igneous rocks of Charnwood Forest, and without
asserting that they came from Wales or Shropshire, I may state
that they are of the same nature as the igneous rocks of part of
Lower Silurian region of North Pembrokeshire, of Caernarvonshire,
and of the Llancleilo flag district of Montgomeryshire, etc., west of
the Stiper Stones." 1 Professor Maskelyne was inclined to regard
North Wales or Cumberland as the districts from which the stones
might have been derived.2 Mr. Teall points out that diabases of
the Stonehenge type are widely distributed in the South-West of
England, and that all the rocks of which he had seen fragments
from the soil " belong to types which are undoubtedly represented
in the West of England." 3

But all attempts to suggest a locality in which all the " blue-
stones " might have been found by a primitive tribe and transported
by them to Salisbury Plain are confronted with one grave difficulty.
Is it conceivable that these skilful builders would have transported
such blocks of stone in their rough state, over mountains, hills and
rivers (and possibly over seas), in order to shape them at the point
of erection, when the rough-hewing of the blocks at the place where

1 Memoirs of the Geological Survey of England and Wales. Geology of
part of Wiltshire and Gloucestershire (sheet 34) 1858, 43.

'2 Wilts Arch. Mag., xvii. (1877), 157.
3 Wilts Arch. Mag., xxvii. (1894), 67.

60

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

they were found would have so greatly diminished their weight
and the difficulties of their transport ? The same people, as we
have seen, in dealing with the blocks of sarsen-stone (which were
probably moved only a few hundreds of yards) would appear to
have left only the final dressing to be done after their transport, and
to have reduced their weight as far as possible before removal.

I have long believed that the explanation of the true source of
these " foreign rocks " is to be found in the circumstance that such
materials are constantly found transported as boulders of the
glacial-drift. It is true that the " southern limit of the boulder
clay " is usually placed by geologists considerably to the north of
Wiltshire ; but it is a well-known fact that scattered boulders
often occur far to the south of this limit. The sheets of boulder
clay which now cover so large a part of the country are merely
relics of an originally much more widely spread formation.

In many places the boulder clay has been greatly diminished in
thickness by denudation, and deep valleys have been cut through it by
the existing rivers. Many tracts where the boulder clay was thin
have probably been swept quite bare of the formation, except for
the large boulders that would be left behind. A proof of this is
found in the fact that the gravels of the rivers of the South of
England, including those which drain Salisbury Plain, contain
many fragments of " foreign rocks " which must have been derived
from the boulder clay, and among these it would not be difficult to
select representatives of the " bluestones " and fragments from the
soil of Stonehenge. I have myself seen a boulder of a slaty rock,
comparable in size to the largest of the " bluestones " of Stonehenge,
on the hills to the south of London.

It may doubtless be objected that such large boulders of foreign
rock do not now occur anywhere upon Salisbury Plain. But it
must be pointed out that rocks of considerable hardness and
durability are everywhere sought for and utilised for millstones,
gate-posts, and for road-metal. Even the widely distributed sarsen-
stones are rapidly disappearing, the blocks, especially the harder
ones, being broken up and carried away for building-stones and
road-metal; and it is certain that the much more sparsely distributed

r

By William Gowland, F.S.A., FLO. 61

boulders would, from their peculiar characters, be the first to
attract attention, and be gradually removed by the races of men
who have successively inhabited the district. In the South of
England large boulders of granite and other large rocks, when
found, as they occasionally are, if not preserved as " curiosities,"
like that on Southsea beach, very soon disappear, being broken up
and utilised in various ways.

In conclusion, then, I may repeat my conviction that if the
prevalent beliefs and traditions concerning Stonehenge were true,
and the " bluestone " circles were transported from some distant
locality, either as trophies of war, or as the sacred treasures of a
wandering tribe, it is quite inconceivable that they should have
been hewed and chipped, as we now know them to have been, and
reduced in some cases to half their dimensions, after having been
carried ivitli enormous difficulty over land and water, and, over hills
and vcdleys. On the other hand, in the glacial drift, which once
probably thinly covered the district, the glacial deposits dying out
very gradually as we proceed southwards, we have a source from
which such stones might probably have been derived. It is quite
a well-known peculiarity of the glacial drift to exhibit considerable
assemblages of stones of a particular character at certain spots,
i each of these assemblages having probably been derived from the
same source.

I would therefore suggest as probable that when the early in-
habitants of this island commenced the erection of Stonehenge,
Salisbury Plain was sprinkled over thickly with the great white
masses of the sarsen-stones (" grey wethers "), and much more
I sparingly with darker coloured boulders (the so-called "bluestones") ,
j the last relics of the glacial drift, which had been nearly denuded
i away. From these two kind of materials the stones suitable for
j the contemplated temple were selected. It is even possible that the
1 abundance and association of these two kinds of materials, so
strikingly contrasted in colour and appearance, at a particular spot,
I may not only have decided the site, but, to some extent, have
:! suggested the architectural features of the noble structure of
Stonehenge.

62

Recent Excavations at Stonehenge.

[This paper as printed in Archceologia occupies 82 pages of vol.lviii.,
and contains, in addition to what is here printed in this Magazine,
an Appendix, pp. 54 — 69, " a Description of the Excavations, con-
taining an account of the Nature and Contents of each Layer of
Material removed." This is a most minute and exact record of
the finding of every flint implement, &c, but as the general results
are given in the body of the paper, and as anyone who wishes to
do so can consult this " Appendix " in Archceologia, it has not been
thought necessary to print it here.

In addition to the plates and figures here reproduced, there
appear in Archceologia the following : — " View of the ' leaning

stone ' before it was set upright in 1901 " (full-page). " General

View of Stonehenge after the ' leaning stone ' was set upright."

View of the ' leaning stone,' showing its inclination, and its position

relative to the " blue stone monolith." " The registering frame

in position around Excavation VI." " The ' leaning stone ' with

the cradle and cables attached." "The 'leaning stone' set

upright." "Flint Implements found in the Excavations" (four

illustrations). " Flint Implements of similar forms to those

found at Stonehenge" (two illustrations). "Stone Implements

found in the Excavations." Ditto " Mauls." " Deer's horn

pick found at Stonehenge." " Transport of a colossus, Egypt."

" Line of holes cut across a corner of the so-called 'slaughter stone.' "

" Fallen stone showing grooves formed in dressing the surface."

" Sun worship in Japan, from a Japanese print." " Section

in Excavation VI." The numbering of the illustrations is therefore
necessarily different in Archceologia and the Magazine. With the
exception, mentioned above, of the Appendix and of the descriptions
of the flint and stone implements illustrated in the figures not
here reproduced, the paper is printed here in full. — Ed.]

63

By Eev. Christopher Wordsworth, M.A.

HE Eev. C. Slaclen, of Alton Barnes, Wilts, possesses a small
brass seal of the usual oval or vesical shape, measuring
lfin. x lin. It represents the Agnus Dei (" Lamb and Flag ")
with the legend ^ SIGIL D' NEVSM : DE LOTECARHALL.

Lotegarhala, or Ludgershall, near Bicester, Bucks, was an alien
hospital connected with Santingfeld, in Picardy, " Santinegfelda
juxta Wy tsand," and (together with that of " Farle juxta Lectonam,"
in Bedfordshire, which also was connected with it), the property
was made over by King Henry YI. to King's College, Cambridge,
in 1448.

An experienced antiquary, Mr. James Parker, suggests (in a letter
to the Eev. F. F. Morgan, Eector of Ludgarshall, near Aylesbury),
that sigil d' nevsm might possibly stand for " Sigil/wm dom-me
Yirginis Sancte Marie." In which case it might probably have
belonged to St. Mary's Church, in Ludgershall. That is certainly
the dedication title of the Buckinghamshire Church, as St. James
is said by Mr. Parker to be of that in Wiltshire.

As it has made its appearance so near our Ludgershall, it is only
natural that we should wish, if possible, to connect it with our
Wiltshire neighbourhood.1

That there was an alien priory or hospital at Ludgarshall, in
Bucldnghamshire, is, however, well understood.

In Dugdale's Monasticon, vol. vi. (part ii.), p. 639, there is mention
of one " Brother John Eokele, master of the hospital of Farley and
Lotegarshall" (from Prynne, hi., p. 591). Also, a charter of the
1st year of Henry IV. (1399 — 1400) mentioning the land in

1 The person from whom Mr. Sladen got the seal professed to have got it
" from a soldier who brought it from abroad." The fear of the law of treasure
trove makes it often difficult to get a precise statement of the facts of findings.

64

Note on a Seal of Zuclger shall.

" Ferleya " ; as also " in manerio cle Luttegersahala " three hides of
land and ten acres of forest, granted, for building, to the hospital
of Santinfield by Wytsand and the Brethren serving God in that
place.

I do not myself think that the arrangement of the letters1 favours
Mr. Parker's suggestion of " d'ne Virginis Sancte Marie." I am
rather of opinion that " Neusm " is intended for " Newsom," i.e.,
Newsham, or Newhouse. We find, besides " Temple Newsham," or
" Newsom," (the preceptory of the Knights Templars founded in
the twelfth century) in the West Eiding of Yorkshire, five places
called " Newsham " (in Durham, Lancashire, Northumberland, and
two in the North Riding of Yorkshire, near Thirsk and Greta
Bridge, respectively). Also " Newsham Green," near Leeds, and
two " Newsholmes," one in the East, the other in the West Riding,
near Holme Beacon and Gisburn, respectively. I see that in
Crockford's Clerical Directory the spelling " Newsome " (St. John
Evang.) is given for that which is in Almondbury, near Holme
Bridge and Huddersfield. I take the above list from Gorton and
Wright's Topographical Dictionary [1833]. But only the last of
the nine places has any mention (and that, a subordinate one) in
" Crockford." Hence I infer that "Newsome" is not an independent
place-name, but that it has a substantival use, equivalent to " new-
house," " new-biggin," or " new-place," " new-stead." or "ale novo loco."
Thus we have the first Premonstratensian abbey founded in England,
in 1143, in Lincolnshire, retaining for centuries (like "New" College,
Oxford) its title of " Newhus," or "Newsome" (Dugd., vi., p. 365.)
So I venture to suggest that the legend on the seal may mean the
Seal of the New House (or Hospital) of Luggershall, Bucks.

1 I believe that Mr. Parker had not seen the seal itself. I may here add
that it has a small bar of the same metal welded-in down the back. This is
thickened into a lobe towards the top, and pierced sufficiently to admit a
small cord or ribbon to suspend it. The lettering is in Lombardic uncials.
In the final word the letters " ar" are run into one, and the final l is of
smaller size raised above the line.

65

The Dipper or Water Ouzel (Ginclus aquaticus) in Wilts.

This bird, though frequent enough along streams in Devon, Somerset,
and South Dorset, had, when Smith's Birds of Wilts was published in
1887, been only twice recorded as occurring within the limits of the
county of Wilts. In 1899, however, a pair reared their young at Castle
Combe for the third year in succession, and since then the birds have
considerably increased in numbers there — more than one pair nesting
there every year. The Devizes Gazette for Feb. 16th, 1899, recorded the
fact that a pair had appeared in that month at the Stalls, Longleat, and
of course had been shot. There is no reason whatever, why the bird
should not become generally distributed in the county if only keepers and
" local gunners " can be kept in order and prevented from shooting them
before they have time to establish themselves.

The Hit teril. Two specimens were shot on the Littlecote estate, one
in January and one in February, 1902.

The HOOpoe. One was found dead on a lawn near Trowbridge at the
end of April, 1900. Devizes Gazette, May 3rd.

Cormorants. Some twenty-five of these birds alighted on some high
trees at Marden on October 2nd, 1902. They were apparently much
exhausted. One was caught alive and several were of course at once
shot. They were seen the next day travelling in a south-westerly
direction. Field, and Devizes Gazette, Oct. 9th, 1902.

Sir Edward Hlllse, sixth baronet, of Breamore House, Hants, shot
himself at Johannesburg, May 30th, 1903. Born Aug. 25th, 1859.
Educated at Eton and Brasenose College, Oxford. J. P. and D.L., for

VOL. XXXIII. — NO. XCIX.

E

66

Wilts Obituary.

Wilts, J.P. for Hants. Succeeded his father as baronet, 1899. Repre-
sented Salisbury as a Conservative M.P. 1886 — 97. Served as captain
in 15th Battalion of Imperial Yeomanry in South Africa, 1900 — 02, and
was mentioned in despatches. Acted as chief Press Censor in Johannes-
burg 1902. Married, Nov. 1st, 1888, Edith Maud, only daughter of Sir
Edward Lawson, Bart., of Hall Barn, Beaconsfield, by whom he leaves
one son, Edward Henry Westrow Hulse, born 1889. The Wilts County
Mirror, June 5th, 1903, has a long obituary notice and also an
In memoriam notice by H. C. Richards :— " Edward Hulse was a true
friend, a devoted member, a keen politician, an excellent sportsman,
and Salisbury will never be able to re-call one who, whilst he was her
member, sought more persistently to remember what he could and
would do for her sons and daughters."
Obit, notice, Standard, June 1st, 1903.

Cornwallis Wykeham-Martin. Died April 28th, 1903, aged

69. Buried at Purton. Son of Charles Wykeham-Martin, of Leeds
Castle, Kent, and Lady Jemima Isabella, d. of James, 5th Earl
. Cornwallis. Born June 18th, 1833. Educated at Eton. Joined the navy
1846, and served in the Baltic during the Crimean War. He retired
from the navy in 1861, and some six years later took up his residence at
Purton. He served for some years on the County Council, and was
regular in his attendance as a magistrate on the Swindon, Wootton
Bassett, and Cricklade benches. He was a strong Conservative and
churchman. He leaves two sons, Charles Allen and Robert Fiennes,
and six daughters, Mrs. Leigh Pemberton, Mrs. H. Pollock, Mrs. Henry
Clutterbuck, and the Misses Theodora, Catherine and Sybil Wykeham-
Martin. He identified himself much with all Purton matters, and was
much liked and respected.

Obit, notices, Devizes Gazette, April 30th ; North Wilts Herald, May
1st and 8th, 1903.

Lt.-CoL John Frederick Everett, of the close, Salisbury,

died, aged 69, May 14th, 1903. Buried at Sutton Veny. Eldest son
of Joseph Everett, D.L., of Greenhill House, Sutton Veny, and Alice,
d. of Rev. Robert Rolfe, Rector of Saham Toney (Norfolk). Born at
Heytesbury, Oct. 17th, 1834. Educated at Winchester. Ensign 13th
Foot, 1853 ; Lieut. 1855. Served in the Crimea and Indian Mutiny.
Captain 25th Regt. 1860. Resigned 1865. Married, 1863, Mary Florence,
2nd d. of Rev. Henry Fowle, of Chute Lodge, Wilts. He succeeded his
father in the Greenhill and Upton Lovel estates, 1865, and for some years
hunted the South and West Wilts Hounds. He held the command of
the 1st Wilts Rifle Volunteers from 1866 to 1885, and of late years had
taken great interest in the Salisbury Church Lads' Brigade, of which he
was commanding officer. A J.P. for the county, and active in his
magisterial duties, a Conservative, and a staunch supporter of all Church
work, his loss will be much felt in the Salisbury neighbourhood. The
Greenhill estate was sold in 1898, and most of the Upton Lovel property

Wilts Obituary.

6?

was also disposed of. Prior to this he had lived for some years at the
Manor House, Upton Lovel, but his latest years were spent at Salisbury.
The present Church at Sutton Veny was built, at a cost of ^8000, as a
memorial to his father, by Mrs. Everett, himself, and other members of
the family. His six sons are : — Major Henry Bavenhill Everett, of the
Somerset Light Infantry ; Commander Allan Everett, B.N. ; and John,
Lawrence, Frank, and Bertie.

Obit, notices, Wilts County Mirror, May 15th; Devizes Gazette, May
21st, 1903.

Canon William Reiiaud. Died April J 5th, 1903, aged 84. Buried
in Salisbury Cathedral Cloisters. Born at Havant, 1818. Educated at
Winchester and Exeter College, Oxon. B.A. 1840 ; M.A. 1844. Deacon
1841 ; priest, 1843, Peterborough. Curate of Norton (Northants), 1841 —
43; Wilton, 1843; St. Thomas, Salisbury, 1844—63. Vicar of St.
Thomas, Salisbury, 1863 — 74. Lecturer, St. Thomas, Salisbury, 1873 —
99. Rector of Havant, 1874 — 92. Canon and Prebendary of Salisbury,
1858 until his death. He retired from Havant in 1892 and had since
lived at Salisbury, greatly respected by all classes.

Obit, notices, Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, May ; Times, April 18th ;
Devizes Gazette, April 23rd ; Wilts County Mirror, April 17th and 24th,
1903.

Rev. Edward Charles Awdry. Died May 19th, 1903, aged 92.

Buried at Chippenham Cemetery. St. Cath. Coll., Camb., B.A. 1836.
Deacon 1836; priest 1837 (Gloucs. and Bristol). Curate of Grittleton,
1836. Vicar of Kington St. Michael, 1856—97, when he resigned and
had since lived at Chippenham. An original member of the Wilts
Archaeological Society and for very many years a regular attendant at
the annual meetings. A High Churchman of the old school, a bachelor,
a most conscientious and well-loved parish priest, a man of the quaintest
humour and the kindliest courtesy, and of a singularly simple and saintly
life.

Obit, notice, Devizes Gazette, May 21st, 1903.

ReV. Thomas Dry. Died May 10th, 1903, aged 97. Buried at
Bushall. Born at Sandford (Oxon), Nov. 8th, 1805. Educated Magdalen
Coll. School. B.A. Merton College, Oxon, 1828 ; M.A. 1832. Deacon
(London) 1832 ; priest, 1833. Curate of St. Michael's, Queenhithe, 1832 ;
Head-master of Forest School, Walthamstow, 1834 — 43 ; minister of St.
Peter's, Walthamstow, 1840—43; Head-Master of N. Walsham Grammar
School, 1843—73 ; Curate of N. Walsham, 1845-51 ; Westwick (Norf.),
1868 — 73 ; Bector of Bushall, 1873 until his death. He was said to be
oldest beneficed clergyman in the Church of England. He married,
first, Sarah, d. of John Beid, of the Becord Office, Court of Chancery,
by whom he had seven children ; and secondly, Susannah, d. of John
Prentice, surgeon, of N. Walsham, by whom he had three children.

Obit, notices, Devizes Gazette and Morning Post, May 14th ; Guardian
May 20th, 1903.

E 2

68

Wilts Obituary.

Henry Hungerford Ludlow Bruges. Died Feb. 28th, 1903,

aged 55. Buried at Seend. Eldest son of William Heald Ludlow, who
assumed the name of Bruges on succeeding to the estates of his maternal
uncle, Thomas Bruges. M.A. 1872, St. John's, Oxon, of which college
he was for many years bursar. He was a J. P. for Wilts, and of late
years resided at Seend.
Obit, notice, Devizes Gazette, March 5th, 1903.

Rev. J ames Burn Smeaton. Died Feb. 20th, 1903. Queen's

Coll., Oxon, B.A., 1846. Deacon, 1845; priest 1846 (Exeter). Vicar of
Hannington, 1848 until his death.

Clifford Wyndham Holgate. Born Jan. 3rd, 1859, at Hendon
(Middx.). Died April 21st, 1903, aged 44. Buried at Bexhill. Educated
at Winchester and Brasenose College, Oxford, B.A. 1881, M.A. 1889.
Bar, Lincoln's Inn, 1886. Legal Secretary to the Bishop of Salisbury,
1886. Diocesan Kegistrar, 1897. Chancellor of the Diocese of Salisbury,
1902. Actuary of the Lower House of Convocation, 1902. For sixteen
years his position at Salisbury brought him into close contact with all
the principal churchmen — lay and clerical — of the diocese, and amongst
them all there was not one who had the good of the diocese more at
heart than he had. An earnest churchman, a good man, a devoted
Wykehamist, he deserved well of the places on earth which he loved best
— Winchester and Salisbury. He was for a time Local Secretary for our
Society in Salisbury.

Obit, notices, Wilts County Mirror, April 24th ; Salisbury Journal,
April 25th ; Guardian, April 29th ; Devizes Gazette, April 30th ; Notes
and Queries, May 2nd ; Wilts Notes and Queries, March ; Salisbury
Diocesan Gazette, May, 1903 (a long notice by the Bishop of Salisbury).
He was the author of the following works : —

" Some Australian Library Catalogues." Paper in The Library

Chronicle, Nos. 20, 21, vol. ii., Oct., Nov., 1885.
" Australian Libraries." Paper read by Kev. W. D. Macray at the
annual meeting of Library Association at Dublin, Oct., 1884, and
published in volume of Transactions, 1885.
" An Account of the Chief Libraries of Australia and Tasmania."

Pamphlet. Chiswick Press. 1886.
•'An Account of the Chief Libraries of New Zealand, with an

Appendix of Statutes." Dryden Press. 1886.
"Winchester Commoners, 1836 — 1890. A Begister of Commoners
who have entered Winchester College from the commencement of
Dr. Moberly's Head-mastership to the present time, with Bio-
graphical Notices, an Alphabetical Index, and Appendices." 8vo,
cloth. Salisbury : Brown & Co., 1891, pp. xix., 304.
" A Proposed Bibliography of Wiltshire." Wilts Arch. Mag., xxvi.,
221—241.

"Winchester Commoners, 1800 — 1835, with Introduction and
Notes." Salisbury : Brown & Co. Winchester : P. & G. Wells.
2nd July, 1893.

Wilts Obituary. 69

"Ordination of Priests and Deacons." Salisbury: Brown & Co.

London : Mowbray & Co. 1894.

2nd edition. University Press, Oxford. 1898.

" The Skull of the Poet Crabbe." Wilts Arch. Mag., xxix. 3—10.
" Winchester Long Eolls, 1653—1721. Transcribed and Edited

with an Historical Introduction on the Development of the Long

Roll." Winchester: 1899: P. & G. Wells. Demy 8vo, half-roan,

pp. xcii. and 208. Price 10s. net.
" A Roll of Names and Addresses of Old Wykehamists. Privately

printed, to be obtained of P. & G. Wells, Booksellers, College

Street, Winchester." 1900. Demy 8vo, cloth, pp. xvi. and 364.

Price 2*. 6d. net.

Tables of Lessons and Psalms, added to Bible published by Oxford
University Press. 1900.

" A Proposal for Printing an Address Book of Old Wykehamists and
for the foundation of a Wykehamical Society." Winchester :
P. and Gr. Wells. Pamphlet. 1900.

Handbook to the Salisbury Bicentenary S.P.G. Missionary Exhi-
bition, June, 1901. Pamphlet.

"A Memorial of Henry Winckworth Simpson, Rector of Bexhill
and Prebendary of Chichester. Privately printed. Salisbury.
May, 1902.

" Winchester Long Rolls, 1721 ." (In the press.)

John HungerfOrd Pollen. Died in London, Dec. 2nd, 1902,
aged 82. Born 1820. Son of Richard Pollen, of Rodbourne, Wilts,
nephew of the second baronet. Educated at Eton and Ch. Ch. M.A.
Oxon. Fellow of Merton College. A Roman Catholic. He studied
painting in Rome, and was appointed Professor of Fine Arts in the R.C.
University of Dublin. He built and painted the Church of St. Stephen's
Green, Dublin. He also painted the chapel of Merton College. In
1864 he was appointed official editor of the Science and Art Depart-
ment, South Kensington Museum, and edited "The Universal Catalogue
of Books on Art." He was examiner for the department, and a member
of the committee of selection, by whom the purchases for the Museum
were made. He resigned this post in 1876, and became private secretary
to the Marquis of Ripon. He married, 1855, Maria Margaret, d. of Rev.
John Charles La Primaudaye.
Author of : —

" A Description of the Trajan Column." 8vo. London. 1874.
Price 2*. 6d.

" Furniture and Woodwork." Price £1 Is.
And other works on art.
Obit, notice, Morning Post, Dec. 3rd, 1902.

Simon Watson Taylor, b orn Feb. 1st, 1811. Died Dec. 25th,
1902, aged 91. Buried at Erlestoke. Son of George Watson Taylor.
M.P. for Devizes. After the historical sale of the contents of the mansion

70 Wilts Obituary.

in 1832 the house remained for a while empty, until the late Mr. Watson
Taylor returned to live there in 1844 ; from that time until his death it
continued to be his home. He sat as M.P. for Devizes in 1857, but lost
his seat in 1859. He married, 1843, Lady Charlotte Hay, d. of the
Marquis of Tweedale, who died in 1887, and leaves four sons — George,
who succeeds to the Erlestoke property, born 1850 ; Arthur ; John ; and
William; and three daughters — the Hon. Mrs. Tatton Egerton ; Mrs.
Verner ; and Miss Victoria Watson Taylor. The present Church and
Vicarage of Erlestoke were built by him. One of the kindest and most
courteous of men, he retained his faculties in an unusual degree up to
the time of his death, his illness only lasting about a week. Of late
years, owing to his very advanced age, he had been but little known
outside the immediate neighbourhood of Erlestoke, but to those who
knew him he was the object of most sincere regard.
Long obit, notice, Devizes Gazette, Jan. 1st, 1903.

Herbert William Fisher. Died January 18th, 1903, at Hove.
Eldest son of the late Rev. William Fisher, Canon .Residentiary of
Salisbury and Rector of Poulshot. Born 1826. Educated at Charterhouse
and Ch. Ch., Oxon. B.A. 1848. Tutor, Keeper of the Privy Seal, and
Private Secretary to the Prince of Wales (now K. Edw. VII.). Called to
the bar at the Inner Temple, 1855. Vice Warden of the Stanneries
Court, 1870—1895. J.P. for Sussex.

Obit, notice, Devizes Gazette, Jan. 22nd, 1903.

Rev. Edward FeaCOCk. Died January 14th, 1903, at Nunney,
Somerset. Trin. Coll., Camb., B.A. 1843 ; M.A. 1846. Deacon 1841 ;
priest 1846 (Salisbury). Curate of Gussage All Saints (Dorset), 1844 — 7 ;
Maddington (Wilts), 1848—50; Vicar of Road Hill (Wilts), 1850—74.
J.P. for Wilts. Eldest son of Rev. Edward Peacock, Vicar of Fifehead
Magdalen (Dorset).

Obit, notice, Devizes Gazette, Jan. 22nd, 1903.

71

Oliver Cromwell, H.H. the Lord Protector, and the
Royalist Insurrection against his Government

Of Marcll, 1655. A Relation of the part taken therein by the
Protector, of the way in which his subjects regarded him and the In-
surrection, and of the causes and consequences thereof, by Sir Reginald
F. D. Palgrave, K.C.B. London : Sampson Low, Marston, & Co. 1903.
Cloth, 8 X pp. xiii. 106.

The object of this work, says the author, " is to exhibit Oliver Cromwell
as the fosterer of the insurrection against his Government which took
place during March, 1655, an event of which the occupation of Salisbury
for a few hours by a troop of Royalists formed the most conspicuous
feature." It is an amplification of a lecture delivered at the Blackmore
Museum, reported in the Salisbury Journal of March 22nd, 1902, and
noticed in this Magazine, vol. xxxii., p. 251, and also of articles in the
Quarterly Review and The English Historical Review, July, Oct., 1888,
and Jan., 1889, on " Cromwell and the Insurrection of 1655." The author
begins by stating very shortly the facts as to the Grove and Penruddocke
Rising, and the six or seven simultaneous and even more abortive
attempts at risings which took place in other parts of England — and
then proceeds to show that " The Insurrection of March, 1655 was not
an isolated occurrence ; it formed the central link in the chain of events
which ensued after that memorable Tuesday, 30th of January, 1649,
King Charles's death day, until the close of the Protectorate." From
the dispersion of the Long Parliament until the close of the Protectorate
the army was practically the Government of England,and Cromwell speaks
of himself as their " drudge." They were absolutely supreme. On the
other hand the Royalist leaders were led to believe that a considerable
number of the officers were ready to declare themselves on their side,
and they were, the author maintains — on the authority of Clarendon
and Col. Cromwell — purposely encouraged in this belief, with the full
knowledge of Cromwell himself. Moreover as circumstances had led
just then to the preponderance of the rasher and fighting section in the
Royalist councils, they fell an easy prey to the deceitful overtures of the
army officers, and the abortive insurrection took place. The Venetian
Ambassador in 1655 wrote " The Government often invented conspiracies
to afford a pretext against the Royalists, and therefore to increase the
Army and the Guards." The rising justified the military rule of the
eleven major-generals.

The Standard, May 30th, 1903, has a long review of the book. It

12

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

says: "Unless our historical experts shall find some other way of
explaining Clarendon's suggestion, or prove it to be wholly unfounded,
we must own that Cromwell is left standing at the bar with a very ugly
case against him. Clarendon's direct assertion that Cromwell was privy
to all that was going on throws fresh light . . . and lends additional
force and new probability to the inferences which Sir Reginald draws
from them."

The Dialect Of PeWSey (Wiltshire), by John Kjederquist,
Ph. D., Pocent in the University of Lund. Printed for the Philological
Society by Stephen Austin & Sons, Hertford. 1902. 8vo, wrappers,
pp. 60.

This is a highly important study of the dialect of Wiltshire. Dr.
Kjederquist selecting Pewsey as the likeliest neighbourhood in which to
study the central or typical phase of the Wiltshire tongue, came from
Sweden and settled down there for some weeks with the object of
mastering the pronunciation and sound-system of the dialect, and spent
his whole time in conversing with the natives and scientifically noticing
the exact means by which their pronunciation was produced. The
headings of the chapters will give some idea of the contents of the paper :
Pronunciation.— The Consonants. — The Middle and Old English Equiva-
lents of the Pewsey Vowels in Accented Syllables. — The Vowels of
Accented Syllables. Of his method of procedure the author says : " To
obtain a general view of the sound-system of the dialect, I took pains to
examine the pronunciation of speakers of various ages, For that purpose
I visited old people whom I knew to be natives of the place, and spent
many hours with the old men in Pewsey Union. Then at the National
Schools, especially those of Pewsey and Oare, but also those of Great
Bedwyn, Woodborough, and Upavon, I had the worst speakers among
the children — for my purpose, however, the best — put at my disposal."
" My chief helper was a middle-aged workman, John Cripps." The result
is seen in these 60 pages crammed with observations and the equivalents
in "Glossic" of Wiltshire words and sounds. It is, however, right to
say that the paper is not written for the vulgar, and that unless you are
already an expert philologist and a master of " Glossic," you will derive
exceedingly little information from its pages.

Wiltshire Notes and Queries. No. 39, Sept., 1902.

The editor begins an article on " Paul Bush, the last Kector of Edington
and first Bishop of Bristol," with an excellent reproduction of
the portrait now hanging in the Bishop's Palace, at Bristol. It is,
however, doubtful whether this really represents Bush at all, as the
person depicted wears the robes of the Garter, and there is no evidence
that Bishop Bush ever had anything to do with the order. His surrender
of Edington Monastery is printed in full with a cut of the seal, and his
will is also given at length. Bratton Kecords include a number of
abstracts of Whitaker wills. Quaker Birth Becords are continued, also A
Calendar of Feet of Fines for Wiltshire, and Notes on the name "Painter "

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 73

in N. Wilts. Mr. Kite continues the fight with Mr. Talbot over Amesbury
Monastery,' maintaining that the weight of evidence goes to show that
it was not a mixed monastery at all, but a house of nuns only, and
arguing that the " Brethren " mentioned in 1293-4 were chaplains, and
lay brethren or servants— and that the "Prior" was probably a priest.
Mr. Kite believes that the choir roof was removed and the lead melted
within the walls, and that then, probably after the first visit of the new
owner, the Earl of Hertford, in 1542, " the roof was certainly replaced."
" When finally removed by Mr. Butterfield within my own recollection
(in 1853) it distinctly told its own history— it had evidently been re-
constructed by some inexperienced workmen ; the main timbers were
wrongly put together, and in several places the moulding on one timber
did not correspond with that on the next." Mr. Kite also adheres to his
belief that the excavations of 1860 were on the site of the old infirmary.

Wiltshire Notes and Queries. No. 40, Dec, 1902.

The editor continues his valuable paper on " Paul Bush, the last Rector
of Edington and first Bishop of Bristol." His monument in Bristol
Cathedral is described with a good photo illustration, and a copy of the
cut in Dingley's History from Marble both of this and of the sepulchral
slab of Edith Bush, his wife, who was buried close by. His pedigree
and arms are dealt with, and his will as well as those of Paul Bush, Jun.,
and Walter Bush are printed in full. A Calendar of Feet of Fines for
Wiltshire, and Quaker Birth Records are continued. Mr. Kite has a good
note on the will of Thomas Horton, of Iford, 1530, and Thomas Horton,
his nephew, of Iford, 1554, with a pedigree. In connection with Goddard
of Sedgehill, Mr. R. W. K. Goddard prints the wills of Elizabeth Goddard,
of Mere, widow, 1665; Nicholas Goddard, of Mere, 1669; Frances Goddard,
of Mere, spinster, 1678, with an inventory of her goods ; and also of Edward
Goddard, gent., of Mere, 1666. The will of Francis Trenchard, of
Normanton, Wilts, is printed in full and Wiltshire extracts from "The
Complete Peerage " are given.

DittO, No. 41, March, 1903.

The number opens with a short paper on "Place House, Melksham,
with some account of the Selfe family," containing a great deal of in-
formation with a plan of Place House courts, gardens, and orchard, from
an old map of 1734. The house was built about 1550 by Henry Brounker,
to whom were granted the Melksham estates of Amesbury Priory. In
1657 Place House was bought by Isaac Selfe, gent., of Melksham. The

1 In this connection the Editor regrets having misrepresented Mr. Talbot's
argument on this point, on p. 360 of the last volume (xxxii.) of the Magazine.
Mr. Talbot did not say that Amesbury Priory belonged to the Gilbertine
order, but to the order of Fontevraud, which like the Gilbertine order, was a
mixed order of men and women — nor did he assume that this fact necessarily
accounted for the presence of the " Great Wall."

74 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

Selfe family continued in possession until the beginning of the 19th
century, when the property passed to Richard Jenkyns, and in 1859 to
Thomas Jenkyns Heathcote, by whom the house was sold to a building
company, who pulled it down. A cut of the arms borne by Selfe is given.
Records of Bratton, Quaker Birth Records, and a Calendar of Feet of
Fines for Wiltshire are continued. The deed of surrender of Bradenstoke
Priory by William Snow, the last Prior, and first Dean of Bristol, is printed
in full. Mr. Kite has a very interesting paper on " Melksham Common
Rights," dealing with the dispute in 1763 as to the rights of the inhabi-
tants of Melksham in Melksham Forest or Blackmore, with the Earl of
Castlehaven, the then owner of Sandridge, a part of the forest. Mr.
Kite also gives a very useful list of the existing cartularies of Wiltshire
monasteries, with their owners in 1832.

A History Of Devizes. By E. J. Bodington, M.A., Vicar of
Potterne. Devizes ■ C. H. Woodward, 1903. Pamphlet, cr. 8vo., pp.
33. Price 6d.

This little history of Devizes is the substance of a lecture delivered at
Devizes, Dec. 3rd, 1902. The author starts with the view that Devizes
is essentially a Norman town, and did not exist before the foundation of
the castle by Bishop Roger. A short account of Bishop Roger and of
his work at the castle follows, drawn almost entirely from the Chroniclers.
He then passes on to the Churches, and the subsequent history of the
castle and town, and most commendably gives chapter and verse from
the original authorities for all his statements. Indeed, though the little
book necessarily deals only with the most prominent incidents 'in the
history of the place, it is by no means of the ordinary sixpenny " Guide
Book " type. There is a notable absence of the usual guide book padding,
and of the usual repetition of what other people have said before. The
style, moreover, is very pleasant, and anyone who wants to know what
Devizes has been, cannot do better than expend 6d. at Mr. Woodward's
on this pamphlet, and spend an hour in reading it.

Crosses, Blind Houses, Stocks, and Public Monu-
ments in Wiltshire.

In accordance with the instructions of the Charity and Records
Committee of the County Council Mr. C. S. Adye presented a report on
January 30th, 1903, giving short notes on the remains of crosses at
Aldbourne, in centre of village — Ashton Keynes (a) in Churchyard, (b)
and (c) in main street, (d)in Park Place — Bradford-on-Avon (Pre-Norman
sculptured slab) — Barford St. Martin, in village — Bremhill (a) in village
street, (b) in churchyard — Bulkington — Bradenstoke, in village — Castle
Combe, in village — Christian Malford, enclosed in an orchard — Colerne
(Pre-Norman sculptured stones in Church) — Cricklade (a) and (b) in St.
Sampson's churchyard, (c) in St. Mary's churchyard. — Devizes (modern)
— Downton (a) in street, (b) in churchyard — Durrington— Enford, in
churclryard — Lacock, in village — Latton, in village — Lydiard Millicent,
in churchyard — Ludgershall — Maddington — Malmesbury Market Cross

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 75

— Mere, in churchyard — Minety (Pre-Norman sculptured fragments) —
Netherhampton, in churchyard — Netherhampton,wayside cross — Purton,
in churchyard — Ramsbury (Pre-Norman sculptured stones in Church) —
Rodbourne — Salisbury Market Cross — Salisbury, St. Martin's, in church-
yard— Wayside cross on Pepper-Box Hill, five miles from Salisbury —
Sedgehill, in churchyard - Sherston, base in vicarage garden— Shrewton
—Steeple Ashton, in village - Stourhead, Bristol Cross — Stratford Tony,
wayside " Cooper's Cross " — Tisbury, in churchyard — Trowbridge, re-
mains in Church porch — Wilton Market Cross — Wraxall, North, in
village.

Mr. Adye notes Blindhouses and Lock-ups as existing still at Amesbury,
Box, Bradford, Chippenham, Colerne, Downton, Heytesbury, Hilperton,
Lacock, Luckington, Malmesbury, Maiden Bradley, Pewsey, Shrewton,
Southwick, Steeple Ashton, Sutton Benger, and Trowbridge.

He also notes Stocks as still existing at Chilton (on a district road east
of the mill atLaverton, now in Berks, but formerly in Wiltshire), Wootton
Bassett (under the Town Hall), Melkshatn (at the Town Hall), Great
Bedwyn (a tree still stands called the " Stock Tree," to which the stocks
were formerly fastened), and West Knoyle (near the Church).

Of Public Monuments Mr. Adye enumerates the Gore and Chitterne
Robbery monuments— the stone coffin west of Beckhampton, on the road
side — the three " Shire Stones " at Colerne, marking the junction of the
three counties of Wilts, Gloucester, and Somerset — The inscription on
St. John's Hospital at Malmesbury — the obelisk at Warminster- — the
Lydeway monument to James Long — and the Maud Heath monuments
and inscriptions at Kellaways Bridge ; the Cliff, Chippenham ; and Wick
Hill, Bremhill.

Mr. Adye has done most useful work in this report, which does not
pretend to give an exhaustive list. In the matter of crosses, of course,
it might be considerably added to.

Annals of the Seymours. By h. St. Maur. 10 x 6-*-, 534 pp.

Kegan Paul. £1 10s. net. 1902.

" A portly family history, in which Mr. St. Maur traces the name to
the ' small, but very ancient ' French village of ' Saint-Maur-sur-Loire '
— so-called, as legend has it, from a ' black hermit ' of seventh century
fame. He follows the family to England and narrates their subsequent
history from 1491 in a series of short biographies, fully illustrated by
photographs from pictures and prints, genealogical tables, &c, with copious
notes." — Times Literary Supplement, July 4th, 1902.

Stonehenge, The Architectural Discoveries of 1901

at, by Detmar J. Blow. Read before the Royal Institute of British
Architects, Monday, 20th January, 1902. A paper in Journal of the
Royal Institute of British Architects, vol. ix. 3rd series. No. 6. 25th
January, 1902, pp. 121 —142. Illustrated with a plan (from the Times,
9th April, 1901), a small " General Plan," and thirteen illustrations from
photos of the operations, amongst the best that have appeared in any

76 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

publication. They are : — (View showing the leaning stone) — " General
View — Starting for Excavating with Kopes Strained — Cutting the Soil in
Sections 1 foot square 6 inches deep — Sifting Soil through four different
meshes down to ^inch size — Side Elevation of the Leaning Stone— East
View of the Leaning Stone— The Leaning Stone Upright — The Frame
for Eegistering the Finds — Exposed Surface of Base of Pillar, 8 feet below
ground, showing the high finish of the work. — The Base of the Pillar,
8 feet 6 inches under ground, showing surface of stone — Hammers —
Flints for cutting softer Stones."

Mr. Blow gives a short account of the history of Stonehenge. This is
followed by a report of the discussion which followed, in which Sir
Norman Lockyer and Mr. F. C. Penrose give their reasons for fixing
the approximate date of the erection at 1680 B.C. — Mr. W. H. St. John
Hope speaks of the date and the method of working the stones — and Mr.
Emmanuel Green deprecates the idea that the date arrived at by Sir
Norman Lockyer should be considered as a final solution of the question.
Pages 137 — 142 are occupied with a reprint (in full) from the Proceedings
of the Boyal Society, Vol. lxix., No. 452, 19th Nov., 1901, of Sir Norman
Lockyer's paper, "An attempt to ascertain the date of the original
construction of Stonehenge from its orientation," by Sir Norman Lockyer,
K.C.B., F.R.S., and F. C. Penrose, F.B.S.

Stonehenge.

Devizes Gazette, Nov. 20th, 1902. At a meeting of the Wilts County
Council, Nov. 19th, 1902, the chairman, Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice,
reported that he had been in communication with Sir Edmund Antrobus
as to the possibilty of the purchase and control of Stonehenge by some
public body. Circumstances had arisen, however, which prevented Sir
Edmund from making any definite proposal at present, but he quite
hoped that he would be able to do so at the February meeting of the
Council.

A meeting of the Stonehenge Committee was held at the Society of
Antiquaries on Nov. 12th, 1902, nine members representing the three
societies represented by the committee being present. It was decided
to recommend to Sir Edmund Antrobus the erection of temporary
wooden props against those stones which are most in danger of falling
in the winter gales. The committee recorded their approval of the steps
already been taken for the preservation of the monument and their
hope that the other stones now out of the perpendicular and in danger
of falling may be thoroughly concreted at the base, as the stone formerly
leaning had already been.

The committee of the National Trust, at their annual meeting on
Nov. 17th, 1902, in their report reiterated their objections to the enclosure,
and their opinion that the monument ought to become the property of
some public body.

Devizes Gazette, Dec. 4th, 1902, refers to a letter from Mr. Shaw Lefevre
in which he maintains that ^6125, 000 was the price asked by Sir Edmund

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 77

Antrobus for Stonehenge alone ; and stating that if the Wilts County
Council will guarantee £300 the Commons and Footpaths Preservation
Society and the National Trust will take the question of the enclosure
into a court of law.

Wilts County Mirror, Dec. 12th, 1902, prints a letter from Mr.
William Dale, F.S.A., defending the enclosure as necessary — and a
rejoinder from Sir Robert Hunter who regards it as unlawful.

See also, under notice of " Geology of the Country around Salisbury"

below.

M The Geology of the Country around Salisbury

(explanation of Sheet 298), by Clement Eeid, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.,
with contributions by H. B. Woodward, F.R.S., F. J. Bennett, F.G.S.,
and A. J. Jukes Browne, B.A., F.G.S. (Memoirs of the Geological Survey).
London. 1903." Price Is. 3d. (price of Sheet 298, colour printed, 1a-. 6c?.)
Large 8vo, pp. (2) and 77, with thirty-eight illustrations of fossils and
sections.

The formations dealt with in this memoir range from the Kimeridge
Clay at the bottom through the Portland and Purbeck beds, the Wealden,
the Lower Greensand, Gault, and Upper Greensand, the Lower, Middle,
and Upper Chalk, to the Reading beds, London Clay, Bagshot Sand,
Clay with Flint, Plateau Gravel, Valley Gravel, Brick Earth, and Recent
Alluvium.

Of these the Kimeridge Clay crops out only in the bottom of the
valley near Tisbury. The Portland beds extend from near I}pnhead and
East Knoyle to Tisbury and Chicksgrove, and again in the Chilmark
Valley, where they are largely quarried for building stone, and the Purbeck
beds also show extensive sections in the Vale of Wardour, and are much
quarried. The Wealden beds for a depth of about 10 feet can be seen in
the railway cutting at Dinton Station. The Gault is chiefly known from
a brickyard at Ridge, and a well at Dinton. The Upper Greensand of
the Vale of Wardour is 150 feet in thickness. The Glauconitic Sandstone
of these beds was formerly much used for building, and was called
" Greenstone " at Fovant. It stands the frost well. The Lower Chalk
runs along the foot of the scarp which bounds the Vale of Wardour. in
the Wylye Valley, near Codford, and round Alvediston and Broad Chalke.
The Middle Chalk forms the lower part of the steep escarpments of the
chalk downs, with a thickness of from 80 to 100 feet. The Upper Chalk,
with a thickness of 700 or 800 feet, forms the greater part of Salisbury
Plain. The London Clay occupies only an area of four or five square
miles, and was formerly well exposed in the railway cutting through
Clarendon Hill, north of Alderbury. Here Mr. F. E. Edwards made an
extensive collection of fossils, some of them species peculiar to this
locality. The collection is now in the British Museum, and the list of
the eighty species is given in the memoir in full. The Bagshot Sand
occurs as an outlier of about two square miles, extending from Alderbury
to^ East_ Grimstead, with a thickness of about 50 feet. The Clay with

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

Flints caps the chalk plateaus over the southern portion of the area, but
not on the Plain around Stonehenge. As to the Plateau Gravel, the
memoir states that " Outliers of Plateau, or High Terrace Gravel — for
the gravel-covered plateaus where well-preserved are seen to be
merely parts of terraces bounded by still higher bluffs — have only been
mapped in the south-eastern part of our area, in the country immediately
around Salisbury." "Dr. H. P. Blackmore has here [Bishopsdown,
between Salisbury and Old Sarum, 300 feet above the seaj found rude
flint implements of ' Eolithic ' type. He has also found similar imple-
ments on Thorny Down (533 feet), Laverstock (486 feet), Burroughs
Hill (319 feet) ; but, unfortunately, exposures are seldom visible in the
higher outliers, and we cannot say to what extent implements found on
or near the surface may belong to the gravel, or whether this gravel is
truly of fluviatile origin." In a large pit, however, south of Ivychurch,
Dr. Blackmore "has found many rude Eolithic implements at all levels
in the gravel," which is here 12 to 15 feet thick.

From the Brick Earths of Fisherton the following species of mammalia
are noted as having been found .by Dr. Blackmore : —

Bos bison

taurus var. primigenius

Canis lagopus

lupus

vulpes

Cervus elaphus
Elephas primigenius
Equus caballus
Felis leo

Hyaena crocuta
Lepus variabilis ?
Microtus nivalis

ratticeps

Myodes torquatus
Ovibos moschatus
Eangifer tarandus
Bhinoceros antiquitatis
Spermophilus erythrogenoides
" No trace of erratics has yet been met with in this area, and it seems
probable that the peculiar far-transported blocks seen in the middle of
Stonehenge were brought from low lands now destroyed by, or sunk be-
neath the sea, lying off the present mouth of the Avon. An erratic-strewn
plain only rising a few feet above the present sea-level seems in quite
recent geological times to have fringed our south coast, though now it is
only to be seen on the lee side of the Isle of Wight, especially in the
Selsey peninsula ; whence P. J. Martin suggested that the igneous blocks
in Stonehenge were derived. But that these erratics are not merely
confined to the Sussex coast is proved by the abundance of similar far-
transported blocks under the sea as far west as Torbay and the Eddystone.
Three or four thousand years ago, which seems to be the approximate date
of the erection of Stonehenge, a belt of flat land like that of Selsey
probably existed under the lee of the Isle of Purbeck ; and over such
a flat blocks of rock originally from Brittany, Cornwall, and the Channel
Islands, might be collected and carried up the Avon on rafts."

It is needless to say that this memoir and map are of the first im-
portance for the study of the geology of South Wilts.

ClirOllOlOgy Of WiltOll, also an account of its Bishops, Abbesses,
Eectors, Mayors, Members of Parliament, Churches, Eoyal Charters,

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 79

Hospitals, Benefactors, Celebrities, &c." Compiled by Edward Slow.
Price, 2s. 6d. net. Wilton : Edward Slow. Salisbury : R. R. Edwards.
Wilton : The Wilton Printing Works, North Street. Cr. 8vo, cloth
[1903], pp. 150.

The actual " Chronology" of this little book occupies pages 10 to 43,
of which 17 to 43 are concerned with events from 1800 down to the
present time and the remaining seven suffice for all previous centuries.
For the earlier history the author does not profess to have gone beyond
Hoare, Britton, and the Wilts Archaeological Magazine. Even in later
years the list of events often includes only one or two items in each year5
and many of these are events of general as well as local interest. The
greater part of the information is contained in the lists and short accounts
of various things connected with the town which fill the body of
the book. These begin with a list of the "Bishops of Wilton,"
taken from Hoare, though, by persons who have not the good
fortune to live at Wilton, the Bishops from Athelstan, in 909, to
Hermann, 1045, are commonly known as Bishops of Ramsbury, and
Mr. Slow forgets, apparently, that Berkshire, as well as Wilts, was still
included in the diocese.

A useful annotated list of Abbesses of Wilton, taken from Mr.
Nightingale's papers in this Magazine, follows, with the list of nuns at
the time of the dissolution.

Next follow notices (taken from Hoare) of the ancient Churches of the
place, and a list of the Rectors. A list of the charters, with that of
Queen Victoria printed in full. An account of the Corporation Plate and
Seals, taken from this Magazine. Wilton Trade Tokens. A valuable and
fairly complete list of the Mayors from 1282 onwards, drawn up by the late
H. J. F. Swayne. List of M.P.s. Charitable Benefactions (from Modern
Wilts), and a short notice of the ancient hospitals. The ten pages devoted
to the notices of thirty- three " Worthies " are very useful, as well as the
notices of members of the Pembroke family which follow. The account
of the Wilton Carpet Factory is from this Magazine. The principal
buildings and objects of interest are noticed, and the boundaries of the
borough are given, this latter a very useful idea. The book ends with
"Walks and Places of Interest in the Neighbourhood," and the Sermon
preached in Wilton Church by the Bishop of Salisbury on Sept. 19th, 1900,
the 800th anniversary of the charter granted by Hen. I. This latter is
printed at length.

Altogether the work is an unassuming little book with a great deal of
information within its neat binding, and Mr. Slow as a rule most com-
mendably gives the source from which he draws his matter, but why did
he and his printer allow quite so many misprints to pass uncorrected ?

Salisbury Theological College. By the Rev. Rocksborough

R. Smith, Vice Principal. An excellent article in The Treasury, May,
1903, Vol. L, pp. 688—692. The foundation of the college by Bishop
Hamilton in 1861, largely through the anonymous gift of a layman who
was supposed to be Mr. Henry Hoare, the completion of the buildings

80

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

under Bishop Moberly, the succession of principals, and the daily life of
the college are all happily sketched, and illustrated by good process
views : — The Cathedral from the front of the Theological College ; Bishop
Hamilton and Bishop Moberly (from the portraits at the Palace) ; The
Cathedral Lady Chapel ; A Corner of the Quadrangle (of the College) ;
The College Chapel ; a Corner of the Library ; and Henry Weston, the
College Butler.

Salisbury Cathedral. Article in Musical Times, Feb. 1st, 1903,
pp. 81 — 89, by "Dotted Crochet." A slight sketch of the history of
Salisbury and the Cathedral. Some notice of early musical festivals, &c,
held in the Cathedral and city. Notes upon the various organs which
succeeded one another from 1480 downwards. The Chorister's School.
The Cathedral organists: John Farrant, 1598 to 1602; John Holmes;
Ellis Gibbons ; Michael Wise, said to have been born in Salisbury, 1638,
organist of Cathedral, 1668 until his death, in 1687, at the hands of a
night watchman at Salisbury (?) ; Joseph Corfe ; Arthur Thomas Corfe ;
and the present holder of the office, Charles Frederick Soufch. The
illustrations are: — The Chapter- Seal — The High Street Gate — Cathe-
dral (West Side) — The Nave Transept (Interior) — The Organ built by
Renatus Harris (from a print) — Group of the Choristers and Organist —
The Choir, looking West.

"An ImpreSSiOU Of Salisbury Article in The King, 7th
February, 1903, pp. 944 — 948, with sixteen illustrations.

Portraits :— Mr. E. J. Brittan (Mayor) — Mrs. E. J. Brittan (Mayoress)
—Alderman G. Fullford— Mr. Walter Palmer (M.P. for Salisbury)— Rev.
Canon F. Carpenter (Precentor) — Rt. Rev. J. Wordsworth, D.D. (Bishop
of Salisbury) — The Ven. Francis Lear (Archdeacon of Sarum) — Rt. Rev.
A. B. Webb (Dean of Salisbury) ; The Mayor (1902), Mr. J. A. Folliott,
with Corporation on the steps of the Council Chamber on Coronation
Day — The Gateway of the Cathedral Close leading into High Street —
Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows — Salisbury in the Middle of the
Eighteenth Century, reading from the left the view contains St. Martin's
Church, the Bishop's Palace, the Cathedral, the Campanile (no longer
in existence), Harnham Church, St. Thomas's, St. Edmund's and the
College, and Fisherton Church — Picturesque Houses overlooking the
Cathedral Close— The Poultry Cross at Salisbury.— The Old Joiner's
Hall in St. Ann's Street — A View of Salisbury from the Shaft of the
Electric Light Works, looking towards Old Sarum, which appears on the
horizon.

Salisbury City Boundary, Proposed Extension. The

Report of the Committee appointed by the Wilts County Council to
confer with the Salisbury Town Council on this matter was printed in
full in Wilts County Mirror, Nov. 14th, 1902.

Salisbury Plain. Map published, 1902, by the Ordnance Survey.
Scale 4 miles to the inch. Folded covers. Price 1*.

Beoent Wiltshire Books, Bam fillets, and Articles. 81

Salisbury Cathedral, "Notes on some Armorial Glass in," by
Eev. E. E. Dorling. The Ancestor, No. 4, December, 1902, pp. 120 — 126,
with two coloured and four plain reproductions of water-colour illustrations
by the author and a genealogical table. The glass treated of is the series
of six thirteenth century shields at the base of the west window in the
Cathedral. The writer, following Mr. Winston's article on the Cathedral
glass in the Salisbury volume of Proceedings of the Archceological In-
stitute, assigns these shields to Henry III.; his wife, Eleanor of Provence;
St. Louis of France ; Eichard of Cornwall, King of the Romans ; Gilbert
de Clare, Earl of Gloucester ; and Roger le Bigod, Earl of Norfolk. He
shows that these personages were not remotely connected by marriage,
and considers that the date of the glass is within a few years of 1268,
and that the shields are probably a memorial of the eighth crusade.

Salisbury Cathedral Chant Book, a new selection of about

two hundred chants chosen by Precentor Carpenter and Mr. South, the
organist. Specially printed for use only in the Cathedral. 1902.

Salisbury, Grayling Pishing near. Article by " Red Quill "

in The Field. Reprinted in Wilts County Mirror, March 13th, 1903.

Salisbury Cathedral, The Weathercock on the Spire,

A note on this, lately re-constructed, in Devizes Gazette, Dec. 11th, 1902.

Up the Avon tO Salisbury in the Seventeenth Century. The
Water Poet's Discovery." Article in Salisbury Journal, 11th April,
1903, reprinting "A Discovery by Sea from London to Salisbury," by
John Taylor.

Bishop Richard Foore and the See of Durham.

A series of notes derived from different authorities on Bishop Poore as
Bishop of Durham is reprinted in the Wilts County Mirror, Dec. 12th,
1902, from papers by J. W. Fawcett in the Durham County Advertiser.
It is noted that he was translated from Sarum to Durham at the demand
of the convent, who had already, years before, when he was Dean of
Sarum, elected him to the bishopric, when he was rejected by the Pope.
He died at Tarrant (Dorset), April 15th, 1237, his heart being buried
there, and his body at Durham.

Mere Church, Notes Of, &c, January, 1903, by John A. Lloyd,
Vicar, is a little oblong book (7 X 4) of 21 pages of notes, printed only
on one side of the paper, calling attention to, and giving particulars and
exact dates of, all matters of interest connected with the Church.

"BiOdbOUme Church. A good architectural account of this Church
appears with the account of its re-opening after restoration by Mr. H.
. Brakspear, F.S.A., in Devizes Gazette, June 4th, 1903.

G

82

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

LaCOCk Abbey is admirably illustrated in Country Life, Feb. 7th, 1903}
pp. 176 — 181. There is just enough letterpress to string the fine photos,
two of them full-page, together. The views given are : — The Entrance
Archway — South Elevation — Nuns' Walk — East Cloister — East Front —
Back of Stables — Stable Yard — and View from the North-East.

BrinkWOrth Church. Good accounts of the service, and of the
address of the Bishop of Bristol, at the opening of this Church after the
excellent restoration of the nave by Mr. C. E. Ponting, as well as of the
work done at a cost of .£2084, are to be found in the Devizes Gazette,
May 7th, and North Wilts Herald, May 8th, 1903.

FOUlshOt. A good note on the history of the parish, and the archi-
tecture of the Church, illustrated by a south view of the Church, occupies
two pages in the North Wilts Church Magazine for May, 1903.

Spring Falconry. The Season on Salisbury Plain.

An interesting article on Rook Hawking by the Old Hawking Club,
whose head-quarters have this year been shifted from Amesbury to
Shrewton. It is noted that one falcon has killed this year over fifty
rooks. Morning Post, May 12th, 1903.

White Horses, by H. G. Archer. Article in Good Words, March, 1903.
pp. 187 — 197, with twelve illustrations of the principal turf monuments
in England, including photos of the Westbury, Cherhill, Pewsey Vale,
and Broad Hinton white horses.

Bolingbroke and his Times: the Sequel, by Waiter Sichei.

Demy 8vo. 12s. 6d. net. 1902. A critical analysis of Bolingbroke's
career from 1715 to 1751 in continuation of Mr. Sichel's earlier volume.

Sarum Tunes. By the Eev. H. J. Trueman. Published at Alfred
Foley's Music Warehouse, Salisbury, 1903. Pp. vi., 70. Cloth. 1*. 6d.

POX Talbot and Photography. The second report of the Fox
Talbot Memorial Fund, 1902, is headed with an illustration of a negative
photograph on paper, by Fox Talbot, to which the note is attached
" Latticed Window (with the Camera Obscura), August, 1835."

William Wild, Of AldbOUme. The Marlborough Times, March
28th, 1903, contains the following :— " Aldbourne. The story of an
interesting picture. In February last, the Vicar of Aldbourne received a
letter from a picture-dealer at Brighton, informing him that he possessed
a portrait in oils, of which he gave the following description : — 1 A well-
painted portrait, on canvas, of a very, very old man. Head and bust
life-size. He has strong features, long grey hair, very little hair on the
face, clipped very close, shewing the shape of the jaw ; the forehead is
high, as in most of the portraits of that period. He is wearing a heavy

Recent Wiltshire Boohs, Pamphlets, and Articles. 83

grey coat, and over his shoulders a large white collar. In his right hand
he is holding a staff. On the face of the canvas is written : — " Wm. Wild,
of Aldbourne parish, in ye county of Wilts. Aged 106, Anno 1699. I
am sure it is a contemporary painting, and it has not been restored."
Now, on referring to the ancient register of the parish, the following
entry was found on page 100 : —

" William Wild : was born on Easter Eve, being in ye year 1590,

and died ye 29th of June, 1707, in the hundred and sixteenth year of

his age :

and was buried 1707
July 1st. An 1590

affidavit brought,

July 5. 117 years."

On the inside of the end cover is this note : — ' Page 100. Wm. Wild
died, aged 117.' "

Nothing seems to be known of Wild beyond the entry in the register.
As will be seen his age should have been stated as " in his hundred and
eighteenth year."

BlaCk'S Guide tO Dorset. 15th Edition. 1902. Price 2*. 6d.
Includes Salisbury and Stonehenge.

Malmesbury Abbey, the Restoration of. Article in

Church Bells, Dec. 24th, 1902, p. 88, by Alfred Fahey. Three
illustrations : — Abbey and Cross — Abbey, North — Abbey, South.

Malmesbury and SherstOn were visited on May 25th, 1903, by
the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society. North Wilts
Herald, May 29th, 1903.

Ramsbury Church. " An ancient Wiltshire Church," article in
Church Bells, Nov. 21st, 1902, pp. 1061-2. Two illustrations :— A
recently-found Cross — and Interior of Church.

Wiltshire Regiment. Return of the 3rd Battalion from St. Helena.
Reception in Devizes and distribution of medals. Fully reported in
Devizes Gazette, Sept. 18th, 1902.

WiltOn Charities. Public enquiry. Reported in Wilts County
Mirror, Dec. 19th, 1902.

Bulford Church. Article in Church Bells, Feb. 27th, 1903, pp. 264-5.
One illustration.

ErleStOke An excellent article giving much information as to the
Watson Taylor family and the later history of the estate and house at
Erlestoke appeared in connection with the death of Mr. S. Watson Taylor
in the Devizes Gazette, Jan. 1, 1903.

G 2

84 Recent Wiltshire Boohs, Pamphlets, and Articles.

Wiltshire in 1902. A good resume of local events. Devizes
Gazette, Jan. 1, 1903.

Salisbury and S. Wilts, Local Diary of Events in

1902. Wiltshire County Mi rror, Dec. 26th, 1902.
Chippenham in 1902. Devizes Gazette, Jan. 8th, 1903.
UevizeS in 1902. Devizes Gazette, Jan. 8th, 1903.

RtiChard JefFerieS. The proceedings at the unveiling, on Nov. 15th,

1902, of the tablet placed on the house, No. 22, Victoria Street, Swindon,
in which Jefferies for a time resided, and the addresses delivered on the
occasion by Mr. P. Anderson Graham, and Lord Avebury, Mr. N. Story
Maskelyne, and Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice, were reported fully in North
Wilts Herald, Nov. 21st, and Devizes Gazette, Nov. 20th, 1902; and
there was also a page on the subject in Nature Notes, Dec, 1902.

" The Story of My Heart." Article in The Academy and Literature,

Nov. 22nd, 1902, pp. 554—555.

His Grave. Letter from J. C. Cornish, Kector of Lockinge, in

Spectator, 21st March, 1903, p. 453, describing visit to the grave in
Broadwater Cemetery, and appealing for funds to clean and keep it up.

The proceedings at the unveiling of the tablet placed by the Swindon

Field and Camera Club on Jefferies' birthplace at Coate on June 6th,

1903, are fully reported in the North Wilts Herald, June 12th, 1903,
together with the address of Mr. N. Story Maskelyne on the occasion.

Warminster, Memorial to Wilts Imperial Yeomanry

in the Church. Account of the unveiling ceremony in Wiltshire
Chronicle, June 21st, and Devizes Gazette, June 19th, 1902.

St. Deiiy's College. Article in Church Dells, 23rd Jan.,

1903, pp. 171-2, with view and portrait of Sir J. E. Philipps.

Gen. Pitt Rivers' Collection at Oxford, a lecture by

Alfred Eobinson on the history, objects, and special features of the great
collection now in the University Museum, Oxford, reported at some length
in Banbury Guardian, Jan, 22nd, 1903.

Marlborough Grammar School. The question of its revival.

Account of a public meeting at Marlborough in North Wilts Herald,
Nov. 21st, 1902.

Marlborough new Town Hall, with illustration and account
of the building and of the opening ceremony, Devizes Gazette, Oct. 9th,
1902.

Boohs and Articles hy Wiltshire Authors.

85

XiOrd HHetllUeil. The county reception and dinner at Devizes. Full
report in Devizes Gazette, Nov. 6th, 1902. Corsham dinner, Devizes
Gazette, Oct. 9th, 1902.

The Romance Of Wiltshire. Article in Wiltshire Advertiser,

June 4th, 1903.

Clarendon Park. Right of way case, tried at Devizes. A full report
of proceedings in Devizes Gazette, Jan. 15th and 22nd ; Wilts County
Mirror, Jan. 16th, 1903.

Notes on the History of, Devizes Gazette, Jan. 22nd, 1903.

" A Copy Of George Herbert." A pleasant article by H. Child
in The Pilot, Aug. 2, 1902, on a copy of George Herbert's " Temple,"
which belonged to John Danvers, of Monks, Corsham, and has been
handed down in the family for seven generations.

Wiltshire Preparations for Defence in view of
threatened French Invasion, 1794—1803. An

interesting series of articles, detailing the measures taken in the county
in the way of raising militia, yeomanry, and volunteers at this time is
given in Devizes Gazette, April 16th and 23rd, 1903. The arrangements,
in addition to the raising the "Fonthill Volunteers" and the " Devizes
Loyal Volunteers" in 1799(whose colours now hang in St. John's Church),
and other bodies, extended to a general registration of all men capable
of bearing arms, and directions that all live stock should immediately
on alarm of invasion be driven to certain specified centres.

(MiSS) Dorothy Olive Parry (of Calne). "Verses by." 1902.
Price 1*. Pp. 35. 5£ X 4. Noticed, Devizes Gazette, Oct. 30th 1902.

Rev. Eyre HUSSey. "Dulcinea." Edward Arnold. 6*. 1902.
A novel. Noticed, Spectator, Jan. 10th, 1903.

Rev. Stanley Baker, B.D., Priest Vicar of Salisbury Cathedral.
" Notes & Mnemonics on Latin & Greek Syntax." Oxford: Thorntons.
Paper covers. 1*. 6d. net.

86

Books and Articles ly Wiltshire Authors.

Rev. H. W. Carpenter (Precentor). "The Church of England:
an Historical Sketch." S.P.C.K. 1902. Cloth. 6d.

Rev. E. H. Goddard. "An Elizabethan Tazza belonging to the
Church of St. Michael, Southampton." A short paper, illustrated by
three plates. Archaeological Journal, Vol. lix., No. 236, Dec, 1902,
pp. 326, 327.

H. Brakspear, F.S.A. Plan of Beaulieu Abbey. Archaeological
Journal, Vol. lix., No. 236, Dec, 1902, p. 372.

E. Derail Webb, F.S.A. Lecture at the Blackmore Museum on
the Excavations at Shaftesbury Abbey. Wilts County Mirror, Feb.
13th, 1903.

Canon Edward Russell Bernard , Chancellor of the Cathedral.

" The English Sunday : its Origin and its Claims." Six Lectures de-
livered in Lent, 1901, in the Cathedral. London : Methuen & Co.
Is. 6d. Cloth. 1903.

Eeviewed, Salisbury Diocesan Gazetl , April; Pilot, April 11th, 1903.

John Wordsworth, DJD., Bishop of Salisbury. " Family

Prayers, arranged and partly composed for use in the Bishop's Chapel."
Salisbury : Brown & Co., 1903. Price Is. net.

Reviewed in Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, March, 1903.

" The Ministry of Grace." New edition. Longmans. 1903. 6s. Qd.

net.

Rev- R. L. Ottley, Rector of Winterbourne Bassett. "The Grace
of Life." London : Rivingtons. 1903. 3s. net. A series of papers
reprinted from the New York periodical, The Churchman.
Noticed, Pilot, April 11th, 1903.

Earl NelSOn. "The Present Distress." Articles I. and II. in the

Anglo- Catholic Mag., Jan. and Feb., 1899.

" Protestant Reunion." Article in Church Pells, Nov. 7th, 1902.

" Back to the Land : a Sequel." Article in Nineteenth Century, Dec,
1901.

Edmund H. ClutterbUCk, of Hardenhuish Park. "A Day Dream
and other Poems." London : Edward Arnold. Cr. 8vo, cloth, pp. viii.,
108. 3*. 6d. net.

L. Raven Hill. " Our Battalion." Punch Office, London. 1902.
4to, pp. 112. Price 5s. net. This is an album of admirable volunteer
sketches by the well-known Punch artist. Noticed, Daily Telegraph,
May 30th, 1902.

"An Indian Sketch Book, Impressions of the East and of the Great

Illustrations and Pictures.

87

Durbar." London : Punch Office, 10, Bouverie Street, E.C. Cr. 4to,
cloth. 6s. net. [1903.] A series of one hundred admirable pencil
sketches without letterpress. Favourably noticed in Daily Telegraph,
Westminster Gazette, Daily Chronicle, Daily Graphic, Scotsman, Field,
Pall Mall Gazette, and Guardian.

Frances Awdry. " In the Isles of the Sea. The Story of Fifty
Years in Melanesia,'' with an introduction by Bishop Montgomery.
London : Bemrose and Sons, 1902. Cr. 4to, with numerous illustrations.
Price 5*.

George Smith, of Salisbury. "Twelve Things in Life I am Most
Thankful for," Tit-Bits, Dec. 20th, 1902, p. 302; and "Imaginary
Conversation between a Wife's Wedding Ring and her Engagement
Ring," Tit-Bits, December 20th, 1902, p. 304.

ILLUSTRATIONS AND PICTURES.

ComptOIl Park (S. Wilts). Cut in Illustrated Mail, Nov. 29th, 1902.

Chiseldon House, Chiseldon Village, and two cot-
tages. Good photo views in the sale particulars of the Chiseldon
House estates. Fol. 1901.

Swindon. " PairhOlme." Four photo views of garden in sale
particulars. 4to. 1902.

StOWOll Lodge. Good photo view in sale particulars. Fol. 1900.

RaillSbury Church, Interior, and Remains of Saxon Crosses. Il-
lustrations of appeal for funds, July, 1902.

"Winsley Sanatorium. Elevation and Plan, accompanying state-
ment of accounts, &c. April, 1903. Elevation also in Western Daily
Press, June 5th, 1903, accompanying account of the laying of the
foundation stone on June 4th.

HorningSham. "The oldest Nonconformist Chapel in England."
Illustrations in article on " Founders of Modern Creeds." London Mag.,
March, 1903, pp. 197—204.

Wheaton's Wall Map of Somerset, Wilts, and Dorset

— 42in. X 70in. on rollers. Published by A. Wheaton and Co., Exeter
(and designed by John Scanes, of Maiden Bradley).

88

Portraits.

CfeiUS Of Salisbury. A collection of permanent photographs with
a descriptive sketch. Published by F. G. O. Stuart, 57, Cromwell Eoad,
Southampton. [1903 ?] 9 illustrations. 1*. View of Cathedral from
Palace Garden — City Cross — High Street — Close Gate — Cathedral from
N.W.— Cathedral from N.E.— W. Front— Choir— Stonehenge.

Salisbury, Celebration of the Coronation of King

Edward VII., July 18th and August 9th, 1902. Five good process
Illustrations on sheet, published as a supplement to Salisbury Journal,
August 16th, 1902:— Statue of King Edward VII. on the High Street
Close Gate— Children's Procession, Autumn and Winter Cars — General
Procession — Children's Procession, Britannia Car— Public Dinner in the
Market Place.

Exhibition of Paintings by Miss Eleanor Jacob,

at Church House, Salisbury, Nov. 19th to 26th, 1902. Ninety-eight
pictures (oils, pastels, and charcoals), of which the Wiltshire items were
as follows : — Homington Camp, 1898 ; Salisbury Cathedral (3) ; Harnham
Bridge (2) ; St. Ann Street Gate (2) ; Church House and Hollyhocks ;
Stonehenge (2) ; Wiltshire Downs ; The Spire, Moonlight ; Salisbury
Meadows; Twilight, Canonry, Salisbury; Marigolds, Quidhampton
Marsh ; Crimson Bambler, The Canonry ; Potterne Church ; Yellow
Iris by the Avon ; Fishponds, Edington, Wilts ; Martinsell, N. Wilts ;
A Wiltshire Pastoral ; Wiltshire Downs ; The Spire from the Cloisters ;
Archdeacon Buchanan's Garden ; Yews and Elder, Odstock Wood ;
Salisbury Cloisters.

PORTRAITS.

The Earl Of Cardigan, D.S.O., only son of the Marquis of

Ailesbury, and MiSS Gr. S. A. Madden (Countess of Cardigan).
The Lady, April 2nd, 1903.

CounteSS Of Cardigan. Country Life, March 28th, 1903.

Lady Muriel Herbert, 2nd d. of Lord Pembroke. The Woman
at Home, April, 1903, p. 16.

Countess of Pembroke and Lord George Sidney

Herbert. The Woman at Rome, Dec, 1902.

DuCheSS Of Beaufort and Ladies Blanche and Diana Somerset.
The Woman at Ifome, April, 1903, p. 75.

Lady Beatrice Herbert (Lady Beatrice Wilkinson). The Woman
at Home, Feb., 1902 ; The Tattler, Feb. 25th ; Wilts County Mirror,
April 29th ; The Lady, and Hearth and Home, May 7th, 1903.

Portraits.

89

MiSS ViOlet Philipps (Mrs. C. F. Parry Burnett), youngest
daughter of Canon Sir James E. Philipps, Bart. Hearth and Home,
and The Lady, May 14th, 1903.

MiSS Elsbeth Philipps (Mrs. M. S. Dimsdale). Woman at Home,
Nov., 1902.

COUIlteSS de Grey (sister of the Earl of Pembroke). Hearth and
Home, May 21st, 1903.

MiSS Nina POOre (Duchess of Hamilton), youngest daughter of
Major Poore, of Old Lodge, Salisbury. The Woman at Home, March,
1902.

Mrs. H. O. AmOld-FOSter. Oil portrait, by H. Harris Brown,
exhibited at the New Gallery, 1903.

MarchioneSS Of Waterford, d. of Marquis of Lansdowne.
The Woman at Home, April, 1902.

Lord Methuen. Cartoon in Vanity Fair, Jan., 1903.

Mr. and Mrs. Charles Penruddocke. Daily Graphic,

Nov. 22nd; Illustrated Mail, Nov. 29th, 1902.

Connie Penruddocke. Black and White, Dec. 13th, 1902.

Gr. E. Kilminster MelSOme, of Bulford, and Miss Laura Adam
(Mrs. Kilminster Melsome). Gentletvoman, Dec. 6th, 1902.

MiSS Victoria de Burg Long (Mrs. G. A. Gibbs). The Woman
at Home, March, 1902.

Thomas HobbeS, from the painting by John Mitchell Wright.
Catherine Hyde, Duchess of Queensberry, from the original by
Charles Jervas. Thomas Chubb, from the recently-discovered
portrait by George Beare, now first engraved. The above are illustrations
of an article on "The Patron in the Eighteenth Century," by Edmund
Gosse, in Harper's Magazine, June, 1903.

Mrs. Cr. C. Heneage (Miss D. M. Helyar). The Woman at Home,
May, 1902.

Lieut. J, A. Morrison, M.P. for S. Wilts, and the

Honble. Mrs. J. A. Morrison. S. Wilts Constitutional
Almanack. 1903.

Lord Ludlow and Lady Howard de Walden. Onlooker,

April, 1903.

The Duke Of BeaufOrt'S Hunt. IHust. article in The Gentle-
tvoman, 7th March, 1903, pp. 316 — 318. The illustrations are as follows :

90

Portraits.

Mrs. J. E. H. Martin and Madge ; The Duke of Beaufort's Hounds.
Portraits of the Master and some prominent followers, as follows : Mrs.
Lowsley-Williams ; Col. F. Henry (secretary) ; The Hon. Mrs. Allfrey ;
Mrs. Frank Day ; Mrs. Herbert Harris ; The Duchess of Beaufort ;
Mrs. Ernest Fell; Mrs. Gilbert Henry ; The Duke of Beaufort, M.F.H. ;
Mrs. E. Henry ; Mrs. W. Harford ; Miss Violet Herbert-Smith ; Miss
Dorothy Herbert-Smith; Miss Sibell Chaplin.

Homney's Portrait of Miss Rodbard. By w. Roberts.

Article in Art Journal, April, 1903, pp. 261 — 3. Three illustrations : —
"Miss Rodbard," by George Romney," half-length Rembrandt photo-
gravure frontispiece; "The Page from Romney 's Cash Book showing
the Rodbard entry," p. 261 ; full-length engraving of the picture, p. 263.

Miss Sarah Rodbard married Major (afterwards General Sir Eyre)
Coote in 1786, and died at Clifton, Oct. 30th, 1795, aged 30. The portrait,
which was painted in 1784, remained in the family until 1902, when Mr.
Eyre Coote, of West Park, Salisbury, sold it by auction to Messrs. Agnew
for 10,500 guineas. The picture was painted in 1784, and for it the
artist received 80 guineas.

See also Wilts County Mirror, June 20th, 1902.

Sir Michael HiCkS-Beach, expounding the Budget in the House
of Commons. The Sphere, April 27th, 1901.

Major Clement Walker Heneage, V C. Lithograph,

10 X 13-|-, drawn by C. W. Walton, published by Walton & Co., 103,
Shaftesbury Avenue, W. [1903.]

DUCheSS Of Somerset. Lady's Realm, June, 1903.

PERSONAL NOTICES.

The Duke and Duchess of Somerset. The Lady's Realm,

May, 1902, had an article, reprinted in Wiltshire Times, July 5th, 1902,
sketching the Duke's career, with some notes on Maiden Bradley and
the Somerset family.

Dean Farrar as Head Master. By his old pupil, j.d.e.

Article in Cornhill Mag., May, 1903.

91

Museum.

Presented by Mr. W. F. Brown : Roman Coin and Fossils, found at
Chitterne.

„• Miss Ludlow-Bruges:j Bellarmine Jug.

Mr. J. U. Powell: Worked Flints, found at Chisbury.

Mr. H. E. Medlicott : Iron frame for baking long clay pipes,

from inn at Potterne.
Mr. B. H. Cunnington : A case containing a series of examples

of modern Flint Knappers' work and tools from Brandon,

Suffolk.

,, Mr. W. Cunnington: Drinking Cup, found at Oldbury Hill,

with skeleton, 1871. Bronze Fibula, found with pot of

coins at Easterton.- Brass " Signaculum," found at

Wardour. Bronze Crucifix, found at Eastcroft Hill,

Devizes. Brass Harlequin Tobacco Stopper, found at

Devizes.

Also the following rare or fine specimens of Fossils : —
Phymaplectia Scitula, Chalk Flint, Oare ; Plocosyphia
labyrinthica, Oldbury and Hungerford ; Heterostinia
obliqua, Chalk Flint, Oldbury (large example) ; Doryderma
Roemuri, Chalk Flint, Oare ; Doryderma Ramosum,
Chalk Flint, Oare (fine example) ; ditto, Upper Greensand,
Pewsey ; Ostrea Marshii, Cornbrash, Trowbridge ; Apio-
crinus Parkinsonii, Bradford Clay, Bradford (very fine,
with traces of original colour) ; Chenandopora Michelinii,
Upper Greensand, Wilsford ; Casts of Echini, one with six
rays, from Roundway, and two with only four rays, from
Manningford; Ostrea Gregaria, Coral Rag, Westbrook
(complete specimens) ; Eugeniacrinus, Upper Greensand,
Warminster; Fossil Wood (polished), Oxford Clay, Chip-
penham ; Inoceramus Mytiloides, Chalk, Upavon ; Ammo-
nites Sutherlandi, Calcareous Grit, Seend (fine specimen) ;
Syphosoma, Chalk Flint, Oldbury ; Terebrarostra lyra,
Upper Greensand, Warminster (largest known specimen) ;
Terebratula digona, Cornbrash, Chippenham ; Parkeria
sphoerica, Upper Greensand, Devizes; Pebble of Lydite,
from local drift, Potterne Park Farm.

Mr. Cunnington has also given to the Museum a unique
collection of very minute and delicate Fossils, in extraordi-
nary preservation, collected by him many years ago from

92

Additions to Museum and Library.

the hollows of chalk flints and sponges in Wilts. The col-
lection includes many species described and figured in the
volumes of the Palseontographical Society. There are many
Foraminifera ; many hundreds of spicules of sponges of
beautiful form ; Ostracoda ; and some remains of fish, teeth
and vertebras, exceedingly minute but perfectly preserved.

Library.

Presented by Me. H. E. Medlicott : Set of Devizes Gazette for 1902.

Wiltshire Pamphlets and Scraps. Sale Catalogues.

,, Mr. G. E. Dartnell: Two Wiltshire Articles. The Dialect

of Pewsey, by Dr. Kjederquist.

,, The Author (E. H. Clutterbuck) : "A Day Dream and other
Poems." 1903.

,, The Author (Edward Slow) ;" Chronology of Wilton." 1903.
,, The Author (Eev. J. A. Lloyd) : "Notes on Mere Church."
1903.

Mr. C. H. Woodward : " A History of Devizes," by Eev. E. J.
Bodington.

,, Mr. C. C. Bradford : Seventy-seven Estate Sale Catalogues

from the Swindon neighbourhood.
,, Secbetary of Board of Education: Geological Survey Eeport

on Country around Salisbury, with Geological Map of S.

Wilts.

,, Mr. C. Awdry : Forty- six back numbers of the Magazine.
,, The Author (A. Schomberg) : Paper on Paul Bush, and

another pamphlet.
,, The Author (Sir Eeginald F. D. Palgrave, K.C.B.) : " Oliver

Cromwell and the Eoyalist Insurrection of March, 1655."

1903.

,, Mr. W. Cunnington : Portraits of Bishops Hoadley and Seth
Ward.

,, Canon Inman : Addison's Works, seventeen vols.

O. H.r,Woodward, Printer and Publisher. 4, Saint John Street, Devizes.

THE SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS (Continued).

WILTSHIRE— THE TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS OF JOHN
AUBREY, F.R.S., A.D. 1659-1670. Corrected and enlarged by the Rev. Canon
J. E. Jackson, M.A., F.S.A. In 4to, Cloth, pp. 491, with 46 plates. Price £2 10s.

WILTSHIRE INQUISITIONS POST MORTEM. CHARLES I. 8vo.,
pp. vii., 501. 1901. With full index. In 8 parts, as issued. Price 13*.

A BIBLIOGRAPHY of the GREAT STONE MONUMENTS of
WILTSHIRE, STONEHENGE and AVEBURY, with other references,
by W. Jerome Harrison, F.G.S., pp. 169, with 4 illustrations. Price 5s. 6d.
Contains particulars as to 947 books, papers, &c, by 732 authors.

REQUESTS.

WANTED — WILTSHIRE BIRDS' EGGS.

The Society at present does not possess an adequate collection
of Wiltshire Birds' Eggs. The Committee venture to appeal to
collectors who iiave duplicates taken in Wiltshire to spare, to give
them to the Society. Mr. B. H. Cunnington, Devizes (Hon.
Curator), or the Rev. J. Penrose, West Ashton, Trowbridge, will be
glad to hear from anyone who has any eggs to spare.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

A certain space on the cover of the Magazine will in future be
available for Advertisements of Books or other kindred matters.
For terms apply to the Rev. E. H. Goddard, Clyffe Vicarage,
Wootton Bassett.

FOB SALE, at cost price, Vols. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the Wiltshire
Archaeological Magazine, newly bound.

" Memoirs of the Life of Sir Stephen Fox, of Farley, Wilts,'1'' price 12*. 6c?.
A splendid copy.

Duke's " Druidical Temples of Wiltshire." 5s. 6d.

Apply to EDWARD SLOW,

Wilton, Wilts.

Beady shortly.

"A HISTORY OF THE TOWN AND BOROUGH OF CALNE
AND SOME ACCOUNT OF THE VILLAGES, Etc.,
IN ITS VICINITY,
By A. E. W. MARSH, F.R. Hist. Soc.

With an Introduction by
THE REV. E. H. GODDARD, M.A.,

AND

Notes on the Architecture of Calne Church, Lacock Abbey, and
Bradenstoke Priory.
By HAROLD BRAKSPEAR, F.S.A."

Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Half Calf, £1 Is. Subscribers' edition.

„ Cloth, 10s. Qd. Ordinary „

Heath, Printer, Bookseller, and Stationer, Calne, Wilts.

BOOKS WANTED FOR THE LIBRARY.

Will any Member give any of them ?

S. Wilts Church Magazine. Any com- Davenant, Bishop. Works ; and Life

plete years from commencement. of, by Fuller.

Beckford. Eecollections of, 1893. Moberly, Bishop. Any books by.

Ditto. Memoirs of, 1859. Abbot, Bishop. Works by.

Beckford Family. Reminiscences, 1887. Bolingbroke, Lord. Works.

Memoirs of Thomas Earl of Ailesbury, Rock. The Church of our Fathers as

Roxburghe Club, 1890. seen in St. Osmund's Rite for the

Clarendon Gallery Characters. Claren- Cathedral of Salisbury.

don and Whitelocke compared, the Sarum Missal.

Clarendon Family vindicated, &c. Sarum Psalter.

Hobbs (T.) Leviathan. Old Edition. Hissey. Through Ten English Counties.

Woollen Trade of Wilts, Gloucester, Gloucestershire. Notes and Queries.

and Somerset, 1803. Somerset and Dorset. Notes and

Witham's History of Lacock Abbey. Queries.

Worth's Tourist Guide. Wiltshire. Geological Society. Quarterly Journal,

Life of John Tobin, by Miss Benger. Vols. I. to XXXVII.

Gillman's Devizes Register. 1859 — 69. Keate, G., of Trowbridge. Poems.

Cobbett's Rural Rides. Hughes, J., of Marlborough. Poems.

Moore, his Life, Writings, and Con- Davies, Sir John. Any Works by.

temporaries, by Montgomery. Whitelock, Lt.-Gen. Trial of.

Murray's Handbook to Southern Ca- Somerset, Charles Seymour, Duke of,

thedrals. Memoirs of the Life and Family of,

Morris' Marston and Stanton. 1750.

Carey, Marshman and Ward, Lives of. Sir Francis Burdett, Memoirs of.,

The Castle Inn. [Use. Pamphlets by, &c.

Maskell's Monumenta Ritualia. Sarum R. Jefferies. Amateur Poacher.

Slow's Wilts Rhymes, 2nd Series. Ditto Gamekeeper at Home.

Bowles. Poetical Works and Life, by Ditto Hodge and his Masters.

Gilfillan. [knight. Ditto Life of the Fields.

Bolingbroke, Lord. Life of, by Mac- Ditto Roundabout a Great Estate

Morrison. Catalogue of Engravings Ditto Wild Life in a Southern

at Fonthill House. 1868. County.

Thomas Herbert, Earl of Pembroke. Ditto Nature near London.

Numismata Antiqua. 1746. Hall. Society in the Elizabethan Age.

William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke. Annals of the Seymours by H. St Maur,

Poems. 1902.

Fawcett, Professor. Speeches. Gentleman's Magazine Library. To-

Aubrey's Lives. 1898. pogrnphy, Wiltshire.

Longs word, Earl of Salisbury ; an His- The Earldom of Wiltes by J. H.

torical Romance. Two vols. 1762. Metcalfe.

N.B. — Any Books, Pamphlets, &c, written by Natives of Wiltshire, or
Residents in the County, on any subject, old Newspapers, Cuttings, Scraps,
Election Placards, Squibs, Maps, Reports, &c, and any original Drawings or
Prints of objects in the County, Old Deeds, and Portraits of Wiltshiremen, will
also be acceptable. An old Deed Box or two would be very useful

AGENTS

FOR THE SALE OP THK

WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.

Bath R. F. Houlston, New Bond Street.

Bristol James Fawn & Son, 18, Queen's Eoad.

Calne A. Heath & Son, Market Place.

Chippenham ... R. F. Houlston, High Street.

Cirencester Mrs. Harmer, Market Place.

Devizes 0. H. Woodward, Saint John Street.

Marlborough ... Miss E. Lucy, High Street.

Melksham ...... Jolliffe & Co., Bank Street.

Oxford Jas. Parker & Co., Broad Street.

Salisbury......... Brown & Co., Canal.

Trowbridge G-. W. Rose, 66, Fore Street.

Warminster ... A. H. Coates, Market Place.

No. C.

DECEMBEE, 1903. Vol. XXXIII.

THE

WILTSHIEE

Irrjitpolngiral unit Jhttmil lisstonj

MAGAZINE,

Puftlteljeti tmtfer tije SBtmttan

OF THE

SOCIETY FORMED IN THAT COUNTY ,
A.D. 1853.

EDITED BY

REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett.

DEVIZES :

Pbinted and sold foe the Society by C. H. Woodwaed,
4, St. John Steeet.

Price 3s. 6d. Members, Gratis.

With this Number is issued Wilts Inquisitions Post Mortem from reign
of Henry III. Part II. Price 2s.

NOTICE TO MEMBEES.
TAKE NOTICE, that a copious Index for the preceding eight
volumes of the Magazine will be found at the end of Vols,
viii., xvi., xxiv., and xxxii.

Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society for
the current year, are requested to remit the same forthwith to
the Financial Secretary, Mr. David Owen, Bank Chambers,
Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply
of Magazines should be addressed.

The Numbers of this Magazine will be delivered gratis, as issued,
to Members who are not in arrear of their Annual Subscrip-
tions, but in accordance with Byelaw No. 8 " The Financial
Secretary shall give notice to Members in arrear, and the
Society's publications will not be forwarded to Members whose
Subscriptions shall remain unpaid after such notice."

All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre-
taries : the Bev. E. H. Goddard, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton
Bassett, and E. 0. P. Bouverie, Esq., The Old House, Market
Lavington, Devizes.

THE SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS.

To be Obtained of Mr. D. Owen, Bank Chambers, Devizes.

THE BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH
WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. One Volume, Atlas
4to, 248 pp., 17 large Maps, and 110 Woodcuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 2s.
One copy offered to each Member of the Society at £1 lis. 6d.

THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo,
504 pp., with Map, Extra Cloth. By the Rev. T. A. Preston, M.A. Price to the
Public, 16*. ; but one copy offered to every Member of the Society at half-price.

CATALOGUE of the STOURHEAD COLLECTION OF ANTIQUITIES
in the SOCIETY'S MUSEUM, with 175 Illustrations. Price 2s. 6d. ,

CATALOGUE of the SOCIETY'S LIBRARY at the MUSEUM.
Price 2s. 6d. ; to Members, Is. 6d. APPENDIX No. I., II. and III., 3d. each.

CATALOGUE of DRAWINGS, PRINTS, and MAPS in the SOCIETY'S
LIBRARY at the MUSEUM. Price 2s.

CATALOGUE of WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS in the SOCIETY'S
COLLECTION. Price 6d.

BACK NUMBERS of the MAGAZINE. Price to the Public, 5s. 6d. and
3s. 6d. (except in the case of a few Numbers, the price of which is raised.)
Members are allowed a reduction of 25 per cent, from these prices.

STONEHENGE AND ITS BARROWS, by W. Long Nos. 46-7 of the
Magazine in separate wrapper, 7*. Qd. This still remains the best and most
reliable account of Stonehenge and its Earthworks.

WILTSHIRE

Irrjpltjjjfntl unit lata! Sistori)

MAGAZINE.

Contents. PAGE

The Fiftieth General Meeting of the Society, at Devizes...... 93

The Early History of the Upper Wtlye Valley, By J. U.

Powell, M.A. . 109

The Paleolithic Implements and Gravels of Knowle, Wilts:

By Wm, Cunnington, F.G.S., and Wm. A. Cunnington, Ph. D.... 131
On the Paleolithic Flint Implements from Knowle, Savernake

Forest : By S. B. Dixon 139

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber 145

Notes 169

Wilts Obituary 171

Kecent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles 175

Books, &c, by Wiltshire Authors. 190

Additions to Museum and Library 195

The Museum Building Fund 196

ILLUSTEATION.

DEVIZES : C. H. Woodward, 4, Saint John Street.

THE

WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.

" MULTORUM MAN1BUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS." — Ovid.

December, 1903.

THE FIFTIETH GENEEAL MEETING

OF THE

OTtltefnre Archaeological anti Natural HHstonj Soctetg,

HELD AT DEVIZES,

July 15th, 16th, and 17th, 1908}

WEDNESDAY, JULY 15th.

jgJj^HE Jubilee Meeting of the Society opened with the
jj^l GENEEAL MEETING at the Town Hall, at 3 o'clock.
As the President of the Society, The Marquis of Bath, was un-
fortunately prevented from attending on account of the death of a
near relative, Mr. Nevil Story Maskelyne, F.E.S., D.Sc, took the
chair in his place. An unusually large number of Members —
about ninety — were present, and the proceedings began with a
short speech from The Mayor (Mr. Eose), cordially welcoming
the Society, after which Mr. Medlicott and the Eev. E. H.
Goddard read

THE EEPOET FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30th, 1903.

" The Committee has held its usual quarterly meetings at the
Museum.

1 Good accounts of the Meeting are given in The Wiltshire Advertiser,
i July 16th and 23rd ; The Wilts County Mirror, July 17th and 24th ; and
; Devizes Gazette, July 16th, 23rd, 30th, August 20th, 27th, and September
| 3rd, 1903 ; the latter account being the fullest.

j VOL. XXXIII. — NO. C. H

94

The Fiftieth General Meeting.

" THE ACCOUNTS for the year, which will be printed and issued
in the next number of the Magazine, are of an unusual character.
The disbursements include the purchase money and costs of the
recent addition to the Society's property, viz., No. 40, Long Street,
Devizes. But for a temporary advance made by a very staunch
friend of the Society, of a sum of £200 without interest, the balance
on the year's accounts would have been very much on the wrong
side. Subscriptions have been on the whole well paid up, but we
again urge upon the Members that it would be of great advantage
if the form of standing orders to 1 >ankers was more generally made
use of. It would ensure punctual payment, and would save many
letters and postage. The demand for Magazines has been
unusually large. The number of Canon Jackson's ' Aubrey's
Wilts ' being much diminished, this publication will not in future
be procurable at a reduced price. A balance of nearly £5 upon
the accounts of the Chippenham Meeting last year was handed to
the Society by the Local Committee. A proposal for an extension
of the scheme for life Membership is under consideration.

«2._ No. XC VIII. of the Magazine, which concludes Vol. XXXIL,
was delayed some time owing to some very laborious work under-
taken at short notice by Mr. Goddard, in preparing a very ex-
haustive index to the preceding eight volumes. This makes the
volume a bulky one ; and some valuable papers make it an im-
portant one. No. XCIX. has quite recently reached members'
hands. It contains the paper read at the last Annual Meeting of 1
the Society, by Dr. Gowland, upon his researches at Stonehenge.
Both numbers contain some interesting notes and notices, obituary j
and literary, of current as well as permanent interest.

« 3.— AS TO OUE NUMBEES. On the 30th June, 1902, we had j
on our books three hundred and seventy-one names. This year
the numbers are : — nineteen Life Members, three hundred and
twenty-six Annual, and twenty Exchange, making a total of three )
hundred and sixty-five, which is exactly the same as in 1901. We j
do not progress as we could desire ; we lose too many Members j
by resignation, and in spite of considerable efforts we have failed
again and again to get our numbers up to four hundred, which is

The Report.

95

the least we should like t o see on our books. We must rely largely
on the Local Secretaries for help in this matter. Death has removed
eight of our Members, of whom the Rev. E. C. Awdry and Mr.
Watson Taylor were original Members of the Society ; and Mr.
Forrester and Mr. Holgate, who had taken an active share in the
work as Hon. Local Secretaries. Twenty-two new Members have
been elected, and we hope this Jubilee Meeting may result in a
large accession to our number.

" 4. — THE MUSEUM. The receipts for admission to the Museum
have been rather more than in previous years. The most notable
addition during the year has been a collection of objects given by
that veteran friend to the Museum, Mr. William Cunnington, in-
cluding a good drinking cup, and a number of very fine and rare
Wiltshire fossils, especially a collection of specimens of minute
chalk fossils from the inside of flint sponges, discovered by himself
many years ago. There have also been added the objects found
during the excavation of the lioman villa at Box, and a collection
of modern Hint knapper's work from Brandon, given by Mr. B. H.
Cunnington, Hon. Curator.

" 5. — THE LIBRARY. We have to thank several Wiltshire
authors for their works during the year. Some more volumes of
Wiltshire Tracts have been bound up, and a large collection of
sale particulars of estates in the neighbourhood of Swindon have
been added to the Library, by the kind gift of Mr. C. C. Bradford.
In this connection we would call attention again to the fact that
all such matter will be most thankfully received by the Society, if
gentlemen would take the trouble to post it to the Museum or to
the Secretaries, instead of putting it into the waste paper basket.
A large scrap-book has been filled with cuttings from newspapers
and other Wiltshire ' Miscellanea,' and the whole carefully indexed
by the Eev. C. V. Goddard. We would also mention a valuable
gift by Mr. C. Awdry, of a large quantity of back numbers of the
Magazine, of some of which the Society had very few in stock.

" 6. — THE ROMAN VILLA AT BOX. The most noteworthy event
in the way of Archaeology during the past year has been the
thorough excavation of a Boman villa at Box, a laborious and

II 2

90

The Fiftieth General Meeting

costly work which took some five months to complete, carried out
entirely at the expense of Mr. W. Heward Bell, under the constant
personal direction of the owner of the ground, Mr. J. Hardy, to
whom the Society is greatly indebted, and the general supervision
of Mr. Brakspear and the Bev. E. H. Goddard. The very careful
plans and drawings of the buildings made by Mr. Brakspear will,
it is hoped, when published, make this one of the most satisfactory
Boman excavations hitherto undertaken within the county.

" 7. — THE TROPENELL CARTULARY. The Bev. J. Sylvester
Davies, who has been working at the transcription and extension
of the Latin portion of this work ever since the Trowbridge Meeting
two years ago, reports that out of the 978 pages of which the book
consists he has now done 802. This part of his very arduous
labour, for which the Society is deeply indebted to him, is thus
drawing to a close.

CHURCH AND CHURCHYARD INSCRIPTIONS. In the copying
of these Mr. Baker has pursued his laborious task in the south of
the county steadily during the year, and we are indebted to the
Bev. G. B. Toppin for work done in transcription. Two Churches
in the north of the county have been well restored during the past
year — Brinkworth by Mr. Bonting, Boclbourne by Mr. Brakspear.
In the former it is satisfactory to note that the gallery has been
carefully preserved. It is very satisfactory, too, to be able to
record the care taken of the remarkable sepulchral stones found
on the site of Trowbridge Castle, through the instrumentality of
Mr. Blake.

" 8. — The Society was established at a meeting held in the Town
Hall, Devizes, on the 12th October, 1853, at which the Lord
Lieutenant of the county, the Marquis of Lansdowne, presided.
Mr. William Cunnington had organised a Brovisional Committee,
and to him (as is recorded in the first Beport) ' we must all confess
ourselves deeply indebted' for taking the first steps in the formation
of such a society in this county. Of those present at the meeting
but few survive. It is a pleasure to think that Mr. Cunnington
is still of the number, though, owing to his great age, he is unable
to attend this Meeting. The object of the Society was to collect

The Report.

97

information relating to the Archaeology and Natural History of
Wiltshire with a view to the completion of the History of the
County ; and to establish a Museum and Library for the reception
of all books and articles relating to county history. How far these
objects have been achieved during the fifty years of its existence
its Members may judge for themselves. A vast amount of valuable
and interesting information relating to the county has been stored
up in thirty-two volumes of the Society's Magazine ; the British
and Eoman Antiquities of the North Wiltshire Downs, by the
Eev. A. C. Smith ; the Topographical Collections of John Aubrey*
edited by Canon Jackson; a Bibliography of the Great Stone
Monuments of Wiltshire, by W. Jerome Harrison, F.G.S. ; the
Flowering Plants of Wiltshire, by Mr. Preston; the Wiltshire
Inquisitiones post mortem of the reign of Charles I. ; several
Catalogues of the contents of the Museum, and other works have
been brought out by the Society. British and Eoman antiquities
have been carefully opened out to view, and discoveries accurately
recorded by means of plans and descriptions in the Magazine.
Scarcely a Church or old house has been left unvisited, and a very
valuable series of papers has drawn attention to the historic and
architectural interest of very many of the more important buildings
in the county. Demolition, and careless and ignorant excavation
and destruction of the works of our predecessors of all ages have been
checked and controlled from time to time by quiet remonstrance,
which has been courteously acknowledged and acted on. Annual
meetings have been held in every available town in the county ;
and much else has been done to carry out the objects laid down
for the Society in 1853. From the first beginning, objects of
Natural History and Antiquity, Drawings, Books, MSS., Models,
and all sorts of interesting relics were entrusted to the Society for
preservation and exhibition. It was years, however, before the
Society could acquire a home of its own. In 1874 a special fund
was raised, and premises in Long Street, Devizes, were purchased,
in which were deposited the books and antiquities which had then
been handed over to the Society. And now, after thirty years, we
find that the existing premises are wholly inadequate for the storage

98

The Fiftieth General Meeting.

even, much less for the proper exhibition, of all the collections we
possess. Advantage is, therefore, being taken of this — the Jubilee —
Meeting of the Society, in the town where it was cradled, to issue
a special appeal to the Members of the Society, the general public,
and all patrons of science and education, to provide funds for
building additional rooms upon the space recently purchased with
that view. Plans have been prepared by Mr. Pouting, and will be
exhibited during this Meeting, showing how in course of time the
whole of this space may be utilised, but at present it is proposed
to deal only with one portion of these plans and to erect a building
which shall comprise a library, to be called the ' Jackson Memorial
Library,' and a room for the display of antiquities. It is very
much to be desired that the county may recognise this effort and
provide the sum asked for. The utility and interest of the Society's
Museum and Library may be very greatly increased by the scheme
being quickly realised.

" 9. — The Society has held live meetings at Devizes, and now
returns after fifteen years' interval to hold its fiftieth anniversary
in this town. There had been a hope that Lord Lansdowne, as Patron
— hereditary Patron we might almost say — of the Society, would
have been able to preside at this Meeting, but the exigencies of the
high post he holds in the Government of the country prevent him
from attending. Lord Bath, our President now, for the usual term, is
taking up the duties of his office at this Meeting, in succession to the
Lord Bishop of Bristol, whose efforts in connection with this post
deserve especial mention. He attended every Meeting and took a
very active and able part in the work of the Society. The Committee
recommend that he should be invited to become a Vice-President
of the Society. Mr. Medlicott is resigning the post of Hon. General
Secretary after twenty-two years' service in that capacity. The
Committee have more than once endeavoured to induce him to
reconsider his decision, but in this, they much regret to say, they
failed. Mr. Medlicott's wide knowledge of the county, and his long
experience in all county matters, have been of the greatest value
to the Society in very many ways, and the position that the Society
occupies to-day in the County of Wilts is in no small measure due

The Opening Meeting.

99

to him. More especially the success of the Annual Meetings for
many years past has chiefly depended upon his organisation and
on the unfailing tact and courtesy with which he has carried out
arrangements that are often very troublesome and exacting. The
Committee, in accepting his resignation, desire to express their
sense of the ungrudging services rendered by him to the Society
for so long a period, and of the great loss which the Society will
sustain by their cessation. The Committee recommend the ap-
pointment of Mr. Edward 0. P. Bouverie to fill the vacancy.

" In consequence of the death of Mr. Forrester, a valued Member
of the Society for many years, the post of Hon. Local Sec at
Malmesbury becomes vacant. Mr. H. Wilkin s, of Calne, resigns
a like post on the ground that he is no longer up to active service
The Committee hope to fill these vacancies at an early meeting.

" The Committee look forward to a large and important Meeting
in Devizes, and are assured that the Society and its Members will
receive a hearty welcome from the Mayor and Corporation and the
inhabitants of this ancient borough."

The Chairman expressed his regret at the resignation by Mr.
Medlicott of the office of Hon. Secretary, which he had held so
long and filled so well, and Mil. W. He ward Bell, in moving the
adoption of the Eeport, and Me. Talbot, in seconding, both spoke
of the great loss the Society was suffering by his resignation, and
of the large amount of work which for so many years he had
undertaken, more especially in the organisation of the Annual
! Meetings, and of his unfailing tact and courtesy towards all.

Mr. Edwin Slopek, F.G.S., suggested that every Member of
i the Society should pledge himself to find one new Member during
I the year, and so raise the numbers to what they ought to be. The
; re-election of the Officers of the Society, with the appointment of
| Mr. Edavard 0. P. Bouverie in the place of Mr. Medlicott, as
!l Hon. Secretary, was moved by Mr. G-. Simpson and seconded by
! Archdeacon Buchanan, who, in the course of his speech, paid a
| warm tribute to Mr. Medlicott. The Kev. J. G. Watson mentioned
that he would be glad to have the assistance of the Officers of the

100

The Fiftieth General Meeting.

Society in dealing with the parish deeds preserved at St. Mary's
Church. It was then agreed to send a telegram of greeting to
Mr. William Cunnington, F.G.S., as the sole survivor of the founders
of the Society : —

" We heartily congratulate you upon goodhealth, much regret your absence,
most successful Meeting."

To this a reply was received as follows, later on in the day : —

" Sincere thanks for kind telegram, and heartiest congratulations on the
success of the jubilee, and on the honourable position obtained by the Society.
I am very sorry to be absent."

The business having been concluded with the election of four
new Members, the Meeting separated, and the remaining programme
of the afternoon was carried out.

THE CASTLE GEOUNDS, by the kindness of Sir Charles Eich,

were first visited, and here Mr. Kite, whose store of knowledge on

all matters connected with the history of Devizes is unequalled,

spoke on the history and site of the building, and the sole remnants

of the ancient walls were pointed out. On account of the fact

that the earthworks are now so heavily timbered, it is difficult to

make out their ancient form, but the height of the mound and the

depth of the encompassing ditch testify to their former strength.

As to the building itself Mr. Kite said : —

"The only description of the building which has reached us is from the
pen of the antiquary Leland, who came here in 1540, when it had been dis-
mantled and was falling rapidly to decay. ' The keep or dungeon of it, set
upon a hill, is a piece of work of incredible cost.' In the gate were six or
seven places for portcullisses, and there remained yet divers goodly towers in
the outer wall, but all going to ruin. The principal gate leading to the town
was yet of great strength, and had places for seven or eight portcullisses. In
the view given by Stukeley, dated 1723, two windmills occupy the site of the
Norman keep. In another rough sketch of about the same date, among the
Additional MSS. in the British Museum, these are described as a recent
project for grinding rape seed. The mound was then converted into an
orchard."

As to the existing remains, now densely covered up by ivy, and

quite invisible, Mr. Kite said : —

" In one corner, probably on the site of one of the angle turrets, is a deep
pit, 8ft. X 6ft., strongly walled and commonly known as ' The Dungeon.

The Conversazione.

101

It is described in 1723, ' The pit of the late powder house which remained
within memory,' and may have served this purpose when the castle was re-
fortified during the Civil Wars. An apartment adjoining, 19ft. X 16ft.,
facing south, had in its outer wall three small Norman windows very deeply
splayed and each protected on the outside by strong masonry projecting
outwards in a semicircle, so as to admit light downwards, the earth being
thrown up on the outside to a considerable height for the defence of the wall.
In the centre of the keep, walls of a very large apartment — at least 50ft. X 40ft.
were also uncovered, near the centre of which, and resting on a wall 3^ft.
thick, were bases of massive Norman piers, suggesting, perhaps, the site of a
large common hall and garrison room. In other smaller apartments adjoining,
were found mediaeval pottery, glazed and unglazed, boar's tusks, and antlers
of deer." 1

From the Castle the party returned to the Council Chamber,
where the Mayor and Mayoress most kindly entertained them at
tea, after which ST. JOHN'S AND ST. MAEY'S CHUECHES 2 were
seen under the guidance of Mr C. E. Pontino, who minutely
described their architectural features.

THE ANNUAL DINNEE was held at 7 o'clock, at the Assembly
Eoom at the Bear Hotel, some fifty-seven members sitting down
to it. Mr. Story Maskelyne again took the chair, and, in pro-
posing the toast of the Society, spoke of the good work that had
been done by it, since its formation fifty years ago.

At the CONVEESAZIONE, held at 8.30, in the Town Hall, there
was an attendance of about seventy-five. The Rev. E. H. Goddard
gave an account of the BOROUGH MACES, STANDING CUP, and
the Brittox Club Punch Bowl, all of which, together with the
small silver staff, or mace, given by Mr. Butcher as a mace for the
mayoress in 1900, which seems, however, in old days to have been
carried before the Rector of Devizes, were kindly exhibited for the
occasion. Mr. Goddard also commented on the very curious
history connected with the remarkable acorn cup now in the pos-
session of Sir J. C. Robinson, of Newton Manor, Swanage, and
most kindly lent by him for exhibition. Mr. Goddard's notes on

1 Mr. Kite's notes on the castle are reported in full in the Devizes Gazette,
July 30th, 1903.

2 Mr. Ponting's notes on St. John's Church are given in full in the Devizes
Gazette, July 30th, and those on St. Mary's in the same paper August 20th,
1903.

102

The Fiftieth General Meeting.

this cup will be printed in the Magazine. After an interval,
during which songs and a violin solo were given, and tea was again
provided by the kindness of the Mayor, Mr, H. Brakspear, F.S.A.,
read a paper on the RECENT EXCAVATION OF A ROMAN VILLA
AT BOX, which will appear at a later page. This concluded the
business of the evening, and the company dispersed.

THUBSDAY, JULY 16th.

Leaving Devizes at 10.15 the carriages proceeded without stop
to Shepherd's Shore, where the company alighted and walked a
little distance along the rampart of the WANSDYKE towards Tan
Hill. At this point Mr, Heward Bell gave an excellent account
of the result of General Pitt Bivers' excavations in the dyke, and
of the facts to be deduced therefrom. He inclined to the belief
that it was erected by the Bomano-British population as a defence
against the Saxons advancing by the line of the Thames Valley.
A leaflet drawn up by Mrs. Cunnington noting " Points of Interest
on the Boad," called the attention of the Members to the ancient
sunken road known as the HARE PATH or HARPUT WAY, running
towards Bybury Camp across the line of the modern road above
Bishops Cannings, and also to the well-preserved piece of the
ROMAN ROAD from Bath to Cunetio making towards Silbury,
close to the seventh milestone, before reaching Beckhampton.

On arriving at AVEBURY the party at once proceeded to the fine
old MANOR-HOUSE, kindly thrown open to them by Captain and
Mrs. Jenner, the latter of whom showed them over the whole
house. Its various features, the front of 1601, and the earlier
Elizabethan work at the back, the plaster ceilings and fireplaces,
were pointed out by Mr. C. E. Ponting, and the company then
explored the garden and viewed the fine circular PIGEON HOUSE
in the farm-yard adjoining — a structure which deserves more
careful preservation. After luncheon, at which the company
numbered sixty-six, THE CHURCH was visited, and its extremely
interesting features, the Saxon windows, and other points of
interest, were dwelt on by Mr. C. E. Ponting. Lord Avebury
had promised to be present and to speak on the subject of the

Thursday, July 16th.

103

circles, but — to the great disappointment of the Members — at the
last moment important Parliamentary business prevented his
leaving London, and he was unable to come. In his absence the
Key. E. H. Goddard led the party round the vallum pointing out
the remains of the outer and inner circles, and giving a short
general account of the structure, mentioning that when some years
ago a section 6ft. wide was cut through the mound by Mr. Trepplin,
acting for Sir H. B. Meux, the original surface level was found
running through from the outside to the " step " which is visible
in many places half-way down the bank on the inside. This
original surface had not been disturbed, the brown soil being
perfectly level and distinct all through under the bank of white
chalk rubble. A section too of the ditch was cleared out, and it
was found to have silted up to a depth of eight feet above the
original bottom. A considerable number of pieces of red deer horns
were found in the rubble of the bank — apparently the remains of
picks used in the work of excavation, and one or two bits of worked
bone, like fragments of paper-knives. One small bit of British
pottery was found on the original surface beneath the mound.
There was thus nothing found during the excavation which went
to show that the work was of later date than the Neolithic Period,
though, on the other hand, it cannot be said that the mere absence
of any object of metal proves that it was not of the Bronze Age.
The Eev. C. V. Goddard followed with a few words on the recent
discovery of a line of standing stones in the " high place " at Gezer,
in Palestine. After tea at the inn the party drove off past the
remains of the KENNET AVENUE to Kennet, and on to SILBTJBY
HILL. Here the Eev. E. H. Goddard again discoursed shortly
on what is known about the hill. Although neither of the evcava-
tions hitherto undertaken — the shaft sunk from the top by the
Duke of Northumberland in 1750, or the tunnel driven into the
side by the Archaeological Institute in 1849 — had discovered
anything in the way of an interment, he thought that probably it
was a sepulchral mound, its great size, covering live acres of ground,
making it almost impossible to explore it thoroughly. Mr. Sloper
suggested that both in Silchester and Silbury the prefix Sil is from

104

The Fiftieth General Meeting.

a Celtic word meaning wood — and that as Silchester is the city in
the wood, Silbury is the " bury " in the wooded valley. In support
of this derivation he adduced Selborne, Selworthy, and Selwood.
After many of the Members had climbed to the top the route was
resumed for BISHOPS CANNINGS CHURCH, where a paper
describing the architectural features of the building was read by
Mr. C. E. Ponting.1 This brought the programme to a close, and
Devizes was shortly afterwards reached after a very pleasant day's
excursion, on which the weather had been kinder throughout the day
than the somewhat threatening aspect of the morning had promised_
At THE CONVERSAZIONE, held in the Town Hall at 8.30, at
which about fifty members were present, Me. W. Heward Bell
took the chair, in the absence of Mr. Maskelyne. The first paper read
was one on " THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE WYLYE VALLEY," 2
by Mr. J. U. Powell, which will be found in this number of
the Magazine. This, after an interlude with a song, was followed
by a paper read by the Eev. E. H. G-oddard for Mr. A. D. Passmore
on certain " ANTIQUITIES RECENTLY DISCOVERED NEAR
SWINDON," which were exhibited in a case to illustrate his re-
marks. Mr. E. A. PiAWLence then read a valuable paper on
" PREHISTORIC INTERMENTS AT PORTON," 3 recently exca-
vated by himself, the fine cinerary urn obtained from one of them,
of a shape which is not quite matched by any other Wiltshire
specimen, being exhibited on the table as he spoke. As both these
papers will be printed later on in the Magazine, nothing more need
here be said of them.

FEIDAY, JULY 17th.

The excursion arranged for the day was a long one, and the
party left Devizes at 9.30, the first stop being at POTTERNE. Here
Mr. H. JBrakspear, F.S.A., discoursed on the architecture, and

1 Mr. Ponting's paper on Bishops Cannings Church is printed in Devizes
Gazette, Aug. 20th, 1903.

2 An abstract of this paper is given in Devizes Gazette, September 3rd, 1903.

3 Mr. Rawlence's paper is printed in full in the Wilts County Mirror,
July 24th, 1903.

Friday, July 17th.

105

incautiously expressed a doubt as to the conclusiveness of the
evidence for the pre-Norman date of the font. For this Mr.
Medlicott, who followed with some remarks on the history of the
place and Church, fell upon him with much severity, and it was
evident that Potterne folk were quite prepared to do battle
for the credit of their Saxon font. From the Church the party
moved on to the POECH HOUSE, where they were most kindly
received by the owners, Mr. and Mrs. Hornby, and were allowed
to wander over the charming old wooden mansion as they pleased.
The history of the house and its rescue and restoration by Mr.
G. Eichmond was given shortly by Mr. H. E. Medlicott, and
Mb. W. Heward Bell followed with a few words on the manner of
life in a medireval dwelling house of the kind. The time was all too
short to see the house itself and the many nice things in it before
the journey to WEST LAVINGTON had to be resumed. Here the
CHUECH was visited, Mr. Brakspear again acting as architectural
guide, as he did, too, at TILSHEAD CHUECH, which was the next
point on the programme. Mr. Sloper spoke on the decadence of
Tilshead from its condition in 1086, when it had sixty-six burgesses
and nine mills, and was as large as Calne and twice the size of
Warminster. Dr. Beddoe also joined in the discussion, and the
Bev. C. V. Goddard gave some particulars from notes by Miss
Johnson, daughter of the late vicar.1 At luncheon, at the inn,
some fifty Members were present.

STONEHENGE was reached in good time after lunch, and here
the party was met by Sir Edmund and Lady Antrobus, and
some other friends — being admitted free within the much-discussed
enclosure by the kindness of Sir Edmund. The Bev. E. H. Goddard
gave an account of the recent work of re-erecting the " Leaning
Stone," carried out at the expense of Sir Edmund, and of the results
of the excavations made for that purpose, as given in Dr. Gowland's
very important paper just placed in the hands of Members in the
last number of the Magazine. For the work that had been done
he expressed the warmest gratitude, not only of our own Society,

1 See Devizes Gazette, Aug. 27th, 1903.

106

The Fiftieth General Meeting.

but of all archaeologists, to Sir Edmund Antrobus. On one point
Mr. Goddard ventured to question the accuracy of the opinions
expressed by Dr. Gowland and Professor Judd as to the probability
that all the stones of the structure — the " blue stones " as well
as the sarsens — were found on or near the spot. With regard
to the sarsens, those who know the country know that, roughly
speaking, to the south of Upavon on the Avon Valley practically
hardly any sarsen stones are found — a few small and hard
quartzites, it is true, are to be seen here and there beside the roads
in the neighbourhood of Stonehenge — but with the exception of
the big stone in the river at Bulford and one or two others, no
large sarsens are to be seen now either on the Plain or in the
villages. If they had ever been there, there the remains of them
would be now. Everyone who knews anything of the sarsen country
about Marlborough and Avebury, and Swindon, knows that no stone
is so indestructible, and that though the big stones may be broken
up and disappear, their remains will continue to exist in the gate-
posts, the garden walls, the houses, and the pitched paths of the
villages. North of Upavon all the old walls of houses and gardens
are built of sarsen stone — whereas to the south of this point you
will hardly find a single sarsen wall or a piece of sarsen pitching.
The old garden walls of the Plain and of South Wilts are universally
built of mud, and the gateposts are never of sarsen. In Amesbury
itself there are no signs of sarsen used as building stones. More-
over, the existence of the well-known legend as to the stone in the
river at Bulford shows that sarsens were never common in that
neighbourhood. Nobody would ever think it necessary to invent
such a story to account for. the presence of such a stone anywhere
in the Marlborough district. In fact the whole of the evidence
goes to prove that there never were any number of large sarsens
on the Plain (if there had been they could not have so completely
disappeared), and that the older belief that they came from the
neighbourhood of Marlborough or Lockeridge — where great num-
bers still exist — is far more likely to be correct. As regards the
" blue stones," Professor Judd suggests that they were " erratic "
blocks found on the spot. In support of this theory he can only

Friday, July 17th.

107

say that " erratics " have been found south of the Plain, and by
way of getting over the difficulty of the absence of any such
" foreign " stones anywhere else on the Plain now, supposes that
there were others once, but that they, in common with the sarsens
have been broken up and used for various purposes, and so have
disappeared. Against this is to be set the fact that no one has
ever heard of any such erratics on the Plain, and that an unenclosed
and until recently wild district, such as this, is the last place from
which any such stones would disappear if they had ever existed.
Mr. Goddard, moreover, pointed out that in the recently-published
Memoir of the Geological Survey on the Geology of the Country
round Salisbury ; it is expressly said that : —

" No trace of erratics has yet been met with in this area, and it seems
probable that the peculiar far-transported blocks seen in the middle of
Stonehenge were brought from low lands now destroyed by, or sunk beneath
the sea, lying off the present mouth of the Avon . . . and carried up
the Avon on rafts."

This theory is at least easier to believe than the idea that the
builders of Stonehenge used up the entire supply of " erratics "
which they found conveniently deposited for them on the spot.
Mr. Story Maskelyne agreed with what Mr. Goddard had said
as to the origin of the " foreign " stones. He had no belief whatever
in the theory of their being " erratics " found on the spot. He
believed that the old theory that they were brought from a distance
was the true one. He eulogised the work that had been done by
Sir Edmund Antrobus, and on the vexed question of the enclosure
and the barbed wire he expressed the opinion that after all the
preservation of the monument for future ages was a vast deal more
important than the unrestricted right of access of the public to it
at the present moment — and that in whatever way the matter was
eventually decided, some form of enclosure would be found to be
necessary ; a statement with which it is safe to say the great
majority of the assembled company agreed.

One thing at least was evident, that the barbed wire fence is by
no means the obstruction to the view, or the monstrous blot, that
writers to the papers would have us believe, and that the present ♦
aspect of the monument is a great deal more seemly than was the

108

The Fiftieth General Meeting.

case in the days before the enclosure, when a dozen wagonnettes
and brakes drawn up close to the stones, and large parties of
trippers playing hide-and-seek amongst them, to say nothing of
paper and ginger beer bottles, formed the " wild and impressive
surroundings."

After adjourning to the neighbouring barn for an extremely
welcome cup of tea, the party rejoined their carriages, and whilst
one of the brakes made for Salisbury, the others journeyed back
to Devizes, and so the "Jubilee Meeting" of 1903 came to an
end. Throughout the proceedings the weather had been on the
whole excellent, neither too hot nor too cold, and everyone agreed
that the meeting was one of the most successful, as it was also the
most numerously-attended that the Society has held for many
years. For very much of this success we have to thank the
untiring attention and care of Mr. B. H. Cunnington, who acted
as Local Secretary, and upon whose shoulders the whole burden of
the arrangements fell. We have also to thank the Mayor and
Corporation of Devizes for the welcome they gave to the Society.

Among the objects exhibited at the Conversaziones were the
corporation maces, loving cup, and the Brittox Club punch bowl ;
a series of flint implements from Knowle, exhibited by Mr. B. H.
Cunnington aud Mr. S. B. Dixon ; a couple of sickles, one from
Ireland and the other from Brittany, showing the survival of the
teeth on one side of the blade, exhibited by the Eev. C. V. Goddard ;
and a good copy of the curious Wootton Bassett election print
entitled : —

" A Representation of the Procession at Wootton Bassett, in which nearly
the whole of the Electors attended their Member Mr. Walsh on his return
home,"

on Wednesday, February 3rd, 1808, exhibited together with the
objects mentioned in his paper by Mr. A. D. Passmore.

It is to be hoped that the success of the Meeting will bear fruit
in cordial support from the Members of the Society, as well as
the outside public, of the scheme for the enlargement of the
Museum at Devizes, the urgent need for which Members could see
for themselves in the congested state to which the very valuable
collections of the Society are reduced in the present buildings.

109

By J. U. Powell, M.A.

ISTOEY is not altogether an affair of printed books, dead
annals, and the study chair. The first impressions of it
may be given by out-door observation, by the features of a country,
by its buildings, its local names, its language, its customs and
traditions, now fast disappearing. Nor is it an affair of the great
cities with their colourless suburbs, for they are often mushroom
growths. The stream of national history has left more and clearer
traces in the country districts. Here the marks left by past events
are plain ; and one who trains his eye can read the history of a
country in its face, just as plainly as in its men, its language, and
its customs and character.

Many of the notable periods of English history can be illustrated
from the upper part of this valley, and it is worth while to gather
the scattered results of enquiries into the history of this part of
England, and, although there is nothing of startling moment, to
show how much may be seen that is really interesting and full of
meaning.1

The south-west of England, as is well known, has even more
traces remaining of ancient life than the north, which was settled
later and more sparsely ; whether we take* the early British times,
the Eomano-British, or the Early English time to the Norman
Conquest. The most useful account of these times will be found
in the first volume of a work generally accessible, "Social England"
which summarises the results of the scientific researches of the
anthropologist, General Pitt-Eivers, and the painstaking labours of
the diligent student of public records, Sir E. C. Hoare.

1 Notices of Warminster are omitted, as its history has been thoroughly
worked out by the Kev. J. J. DanielL

VOL. XXXIII. — NO. C, I

110 The Early History of the Upper Wylye Valley.

I. — Bkitish and Eomano-British times.

To take a range slightly beyond this valley, it is evident to
anyone who stands on the ridge of hills that run from Maiden
Bradley to Wylye, that it was the home of a large population from
very ancient times. These downs on the south of the valley were
even more thickly populated than those on the northern side, partly
because they are more inaccessible, and partly because there was
better hunting-ground near. This populous character is shown
not only by the so-called " camps," or " castles," which abound,
but also by the settlements, and by the round barrows, which are
to be found in the valleys as well as on the hills — for example, in
the meadows of Bishopstrow, Norton, Sutton, Sherrington, the hill
settlements at Knook and Stockton, and the settlements in the
hill and valley at Hill Deverill. And not far off are the lake-
dwellings at Glastonbury. The language of this people has left
its traces in the names of hill and river ; Brimsdon, for Brynsdon
(bryn=a, height); Pen, also " height," not far off ; Dead Maiden,
near, with which may be compared Dead Man, in Cornwall, a
corruption of the Celtic dod maen, and Dod post, near Longleat ;
while " Maiden " can also be seen in Maiden Bradley, and Maiden
Castle, in Dorset ; and at Maedenbeorgh, which appears to have
been the old name of MadcliDgton, and in the name of Maedenbeorgh
at Sherrington (Hoare, Heytesbury Hundred, p. 235), just as in
many other places in England and Scotland. The word probably
means " hill with a round top," and has been discussed, but not
settled, in the Antiquary for June, August, September, and October,
1902, and March, 1903. . Dever-el1 is certainly from the common root
"dev"= water, of which a good example is Deveron, in Aberdeenshire,
and the Dives, in Normandy. The names of rivers never change, and
those of hills hardly ever.2 The inhabitants were largely Belgic.
They had advanced over the district in successive waves, and

1 There is no connection with the name D'Evreux, which was suggested as
possible in Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxviii., p. 236. The " Koll of Battle
Abbey" is a transparent and grotesque forgery" says Freeman {History of
Sicily, vol. ii., Appendix, p. 468).

2 Freeman, History of Sicily, i., 83.

By J. U. Powell, M.A.

111

200 B.C. will be a round date for the second Belgic conquest, in
which they took South Wilts, and Dr. Guest1 has traced their
boundary dykes, one running near Tilshead. The camps, too, are
of this early time, or even of an earlier ; not Koman. We must
not picture the Boman soldier pacing these ramparts, and as he
gazes over the featureless downs, thinking wistfully of the terraced
hills of Italy with the vineyards climbing " acclive solum collesque
supinos" as may be seen on the Bhine or the Lake of Geneva at
the present day. But down in the valley the Boman farmer in
the second century A.D., will have driven his ewes across the
Norton ford, and penned his lambs under the sunny slopes, just as
his successor does to-day, and taken the honey that his bees gathered
from the wild thyme on the hills. For in the meadows near
the water between Bishopstrow and Norton, are traces of two
Boman villas. From the fact that it was Somerset and Dorset,
not Wilts, that were thick with Boman settlements, it is probable
that the Boman advance came from that side, not from the
Salisbury side. For there are eighty places in Dorset where there
are traces of Boman occupation, and Mr. Moule 2 thinks that search
would reveal at least a hundred.3 The site of one of the two can
just be traced, and bits of building stone, and tiles with incised
lines worn smooth by use may be found. But after their first
discovery in 1786 the place was ransacked more than once by " the
virtuosi of the neighbourhood," as the writer in Vetusta Monumenta,
ii., 43, says. The site of the second building is probably in the
fir plantation at the west end of Bitmead. The banks round it
contain a few pieces of rough black pottery and tile, and there is a
well-defined rise or heap in the plantation, measuring about thirty
paces by ten, under which is probably the debris.4. Here and there
in the watercourses of the meadows lie bits of tile, brick, and

1 Guest, Orig. Celt., ii., 201.
2 Old Dorset, p. 110.
3 1 do not know how many Roman sites there are in South Wilts. Why
does Kelly's Directory of Wilts (p. 3) say that there are Roman settlements
at Heytesbury and Codford ?

4 For the account of the excavations, the pavements, and the human remains
under the wall, see Vetusta Monumenta, ii., 43, for the year 1777.

I 2

112 The Early History of the tipper Wylye Valley.

building stone. Probably some evening when the harvest was in
and the oxen were ploughing, the English fell upon them and slew
the servants with the edge of the sword. Some perished in the
defence, and as the smoke went up from the homestead, the
survivors fled to make a last and fruitless stand on the brow of
Battlesbury, a name which may preserve the memory of the
invasion.

II. — Early English Times.
The coming of the English can still be read plainly in the place-
names. Dr. Guest has with great probability traced out the line of
their advance. He argues that after the battle of the Mons
Badonicus in 520 A.D. (probab]y Badbury, in Dorset), the Upper
Wylye Valley was still British, not yet English, and that it did
not become English till the capture of Bath in 577, the name
" Mere " pointing to the boundary between the two peoples. We
shall probably be right in dating the English advance shortly after
the fall of Old Sarum in 552 ; some may have advanced north-west
as far as the " Divisfe " (" border ") Devizes, 1 some south-west to
" Mere." "We are concerned here with the western line of advance.
When the fall of Old Sarum left the country open to them, they
advanced probably along the ridge leading west, by the well-marked
track through Groveley Wood, aud thence they would descend off
the spurs into the Wylye Valley. The advance was along the
southern rather than the northern height above the river, because
most of the settlements are on the south bank of the stream. In
fact, they were passing through a settled and cultivated district,
as can still be seen on the spurs of the hills by Stockton onwards ;
and it is likely that they would follow the traces of the former
occupants, and come down into the valley at various points. Of
the eleven places whose name ends in -ton, between Bapton and
Norton, seven stand on the south bank of the stream ; two only
stand entirely on the north, Fisherton and Ashton ; and of the two
remaining, Upton (originally Ubban-ton) stretches to the southern
slopes of the valley, while Norton joins Sutton, one settlement

1 Devizes, because the first name would be " ad Divisa*. Compare " ad
episcopi arbores," on p. 116.

By J. U. Powell, M.A.

113

practically, the North-ton and the South-ton. It would be expected
that at Norton the invaders would occupy the ground of the Eoman
settlers, and this appears to be likely. For the rising ground to
the south, at the eastern end of Pitmead, the only high ground
near, bears in the tithe map the name of Mote, or Moot Hill, while
the mill that stood near was called Mount Mill. This is probably
a corruption of Mote, for " mount " is found as an alternative to
" mote " in Scotland.1 So it is likely that the original settlement
at Norton was on the south side of the river, but there are no
traces now of any ditch or rampart. Mote Hill certainly has traces
of a mound at the top ; it may very likely have been a burial mound,
but owing to the brushwood it is hard to make out. At all events,
we may be sure of seeing before us traces of three settlements on
the same land : — the early inhabitants, whose burial mounds remain
in the meadow, the Eoman, and the English. The advance was
probably not along the valley, for the way would be more difficult.
Similarly, the invasion of the upper Deverill valley would take
place from the ring of hills between Brixton and Mere Down.

Here all the -ton names have not the same value as evidence,
because Kings-ton and Monk-ton are plainly later, and point to later
owners. But Brictric had his ton at Brixton,2 and Ubba at Upington,

1 Moated Mounds: article in Antiquary for August and September, 1902.

2 It will be well to settle the derivation of Brixton once for all, since a
demonstrably false derivation has been the cause of an error in the history
of Alfred, which is still repeated by Mr. Plummer in his recent life of Alfred.
Sir E. Hoare was the first to suggest that Egbert's stone, at which Alfred
was met by " all the men of Somerset and the men of Wiltshire " before he
defeated the Danes at Ethandun, was Brixton. Now Hoare, with all his
industry, is not strong on philology, and his derivation is mere guess-work.
It is practically certain that Brixton is contracted from Brictrics-tun, Brictric
being the lord of the manor in the time of Edward the Confessor, as given in
Domesday Book. Three out of the five Deverills are named from their early
owners. And, to take the argument from philology, if Ecgbright was cor-
rupted at all, it is not the accented syllable, " Ecg," that would disappear,
but the unaccented, "bright," and the name Ecgbright's-stane would
become something like Exston, or Egston, not Brixton.

Again, it has been demonstrated by the Rev. C. W. Whistler with great
probability that JEcgbright's stane is White Sheet Hill, in Stourton (Antiquary
for June and July, 1901) — although the ghost of the false derivation still
haunts his pages, in some measuring-lines that he gives.

If further proof of the old form of the name is needed, the name is spelt

114 The Early History of the Upper Wylye Valley.

in Longbridge, just as one Ubba left his name at Upton Lovel, men-
tioned above. We may dwell for a moment on this Longbridge
name. It has entirely disappeared from maps, and is used only
by some of the elder generation of inhabitants. It lies at the
bottom of the northern slope of Lord's Hill, near springs, and may
be regarded as the earliest part of the Longbridge settlement.
Indeed the central part of the village must at that time have been
a large marsh, and the ancient British habitations are all along the
bottom of the slope. The pronunciation of the name is Upinton,
or Uppington, but the same slight corruption of Ubban-ton (the
genitive of Ubba) Ubba's-ton, occurs at Upton Lovel, anciently
Ubbantun,1 and many examples of this syllable -ing are later
corruptions of -an, as Dr. Guest has shown ; 2 for example, Abingdon
is Aebban-dun, that is, Abba's-dun. At the end of the high ground
the invaders paused, and the woodland below them, Selwood, was
their boundary, their " Mere." Their names are numerous, and to
those given above may be added Hegtred at Heytesbury, i.e.,
Hegtred's-bury.

We get a glimpse of their old worship in names of places near,
though not actually in the valley itself : the name of the god
Woden is seen in Wans trow ; Scratchbury is the hill of a Norse
demon Skratti, whose name appears also in Derbyshire ; the deified
hero Waermund is seen in the name Waermunds-tre, which is
mentioned in a charter as a boundary-mark at Tisbury. Perhaps

Brightricstone as late as 1291, in the Taxation of Pope Nicholas IV. Later
authorities have copied Hoare blindly, and even Hoare himself is not con-
sistent, for while in Hundred of Heytesbury, p. 3, he says "Brixton was un-
doubtedly Petra Ecbryhta," on p. 4 he says "Brixton, a title derived most
probably from Brictric the Saxon, who held it tempore Edwardi Kegis."

In a letter, of which Mr. Whistler sent me a copy, Dr. Clifford, formerly
the Roman Catholic Bishop of Clifton, gives the Domesday derivation of
Brixton, and adds " thus it appears that there is no connection between " the
rock of ^Egbert and Brixton."

In the same way it has been suggested that certain large stones at Kingston
are " King's-stones " ; that again is guess-work; but the name is King's-ton,
because part of it belonged to the Earl of Cornwall, and was hence connected
with the Crown.

1 Hoare, Heytesbury Hundred, p. 190.
2 Orig. Celt., ii., 329.

By J. U. Powell, M.A.

115

he appears also in the name Warminster, which maybe Waermunds-
tre (as I have tried to show in this Magazine, vol. xxix. p. 191),
and in Werescombe, or Warscombe, which occurs in a thirteenth
century document relative to Longbridge Deverill, which will be
considered later. And the Teutonic legend of Woden with his
spectral hunt seems to be localised at Gun's Church, a barrow on
the down above Longbridge, round which the old owner of the land
drives his hounds in the chase, with horses and horns.

From these early days, too, came the custom of going out into
the fields in spring-time to " tread the wheat." Palm-Sunday was
the day at Longbridge, and men and lads kept it as a festival,
going up the down to play "trap."1 This piece of innocent and
unconscious nature-worship, in honour of the Spirit of the Corn,
held its own here till the middle of the nineteenth century, in the
same way as the belief in the appearance and the laying of ghosts.
Some pre-Christian beliefs have never died out, and, even now,
sometimes astonish us by their re-appearance among modern pagans ;
but there often imposture is at work, not unconscious tradition, as
here.

Many more traces of these early English settlers may be found
in the field-names seen in the tithe-maps and heard in local con-
versation : such as the " pill " (landing-place) at Norton ; " Prior's
pill," by Pitmead ; " Pill ford," in a survey of Monkton, like " the
quay," sometimes still so-called, at Hill Deverill ; the " cop," or
" head," of Copheap ; the " Chettle " hole at Corton, which is the
same word as " kettle," called so from its shape (and not a cor-
ruption of " chapel," " because there was one there once which was
swallowed up by diabolical agency " 2) ; Mote Hill, or Moot Hill, at
Norton. In this name may be preserved for us the meeting-place
of the new settlers — the " tun-moot, where the inhabitants met as
a self-governing community." 3

1 For other examples of heathen usages, such as fires on Midsummer Eve,
which still survive in places, see Green's Conquest of England, 12, 13.

2 Hoare, Heytesbury Hundred, p. 218, suggests the right derivation, but
cannot quite shake himself free from the other.

3 Green, Making of England, 181, and Green, Short History, illustrated
edition, i., 6.

116 The Early History of the Upper Wylye Valley.

A new religion was not long in finding this people with their
capacity for colonising and citizenship. Their old Teutonic religion
had but a weak hold on them, and yielded easily to the Christian
missionaries. Berin, whose name has been latinised into Birinus,
the Apostle of the West Saxons, began his preaching in 634, about
the time at which the Abbey of Malmesbury was founded, while
Glastonbury was already a Christian foundation before the heathen
English came, and was " the one great Church of the Briton which
lived through the storm of English conquest, and passed unhurt
into the hands of the Englishmen," 1 to be revived.

The first traces that we still have are those of Aldhelm. Educated
at Malmesbury, he held the see of Sherborne from 705 to 709. He
was a missionary bishop, and there is every reason to believe that
the name Bishopstrow refers to him. This name most probably
points to the fact that he preached standing under some well-known
tree, which afterwards became associated with him, just as Augustine
was said to have preached under a Gospel oak in Hempage Wood,
near Winchester (Kitchen's Winchester, p. 57). Such neigh-
bouring names as Wans-trow, Hallatrow, Waermunds-treow (Birch,
Chart. Saxon., 756) point to this simple derivation.

But there is a typically mediaeval story told by William of
Malmesbury {Gest. Pont. 384). It is that Aldhelm happened to fix
his " ashen staff" in the ground as he began to preach, and that
during his discourse it put forth buds and leaves. He left it in the
place as an offering to God, and many ash-trees sprang from it and
hence the place was called " ad Episcopi arbores," " Bishop's-trees."
"This story," says the writer, " I do not maintain as absolutely
true."2 These details of "ash-staff" and " ash-trees " are worth
noticing, because ash-trees are still to be found in the parish, and

1 Freeman, English Totems and Districts; Glastonbury British and English.

2 There is no likelihood in the suggestion of Mr. Hamilton, the editor of
this volume of the Rolls Series, that Stoke Orchard, near Bishop's Cleeve,
Gloucestershire, is meant. That part of the world is not associated with
Aldhelm ; he was connected with the diocese of Sherborne, "west of Selwood";
but the see of the Hwiccas, who were settled in Gloucestershire, comprised
the counties of Worcester and Gloucester, as was arranged by Theodore before
Aldhelm's time. (Green's Making of England, 129.)

By J. U. Powell, M.A.

117

near the church ; the name, too, of Five Ash Lane is found in the
adjoining parish. If we adopt this derivation, we must look for
their position near the church ; for the population would he near
the water, the meadows, and the mill, and in the direction of the
cultivated land near the Eoman villas. There a missionary would
find his audience. In the same way, Brigit founded a church at
Kildare beside an ancient oak-tree, which gives its name to the
church ; Kil-dare means " church of the oak." (Hyde, Literary
History of Ireland, 158.) But another derivation has great plausi-
bility. " Treow " means not only " tree," but also " cross " ; and
Canon Jones (History of Diocese of Sarum, p. 44) suggests that
" more than a fragment of truth " underlies this story, and that
" perhaps Aldhelm held the cross up before the people, or fixed it
in the ground." In the same way, Kentigern " set up the cross "
at Crosthwaite, in Cumberland, in 553, and preached there (Bawnsley,
English Lakes, L, 7, 76 : — )

" They listened in their multitudes
To one that 'midst them stood
And reared the Cross ; as painters draw
John Baptist in the wood."

(A. C. Coxe, Christian Ballads.)

With this we may compare Stubbs (I., 225), " There were as yet
very few Churches ; crosses were set up in the villages and on the
estates of Christian nobles, at the foot of which the missionaries
preached " ; and Earle (Land Charters, p. 471), " Crosses . . .
above all were erected where as yet there was no church-house ;
then they were surrounded by a lic-tun (grave-yard), and a ring of
yew-trees." This derivation is very attractive and almost convincing.
A third suggestion as to the name must be mentioned, as it has
the authority of the Bishop of Bristol ( Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxxi.
p.- 280).1 He suggests that the name may mark the site of one of
the stone crosses which William of Malmesbury tells us were set up
by the order of Bishop Egwine of Worcester, wherever the body
of Aldhelm rested while it was being brought from Doulting, near

1 This paragraph was written before the Bishop of Bristol's " A Idhelm's
Life and Times " (1903) appeared. He has withdrawn this view for other
reasons.

118 The Early History of the Upper Wylye Valley.

Frome, where he died, to Malmesbury, where he was buried. These
crosses, William says, were called " Bishop's-stones." This view
does not seem likely, on the whole, chiefly because Bishop Egwine's
words, given by William of Malmesbury, " quinquaginta ferine
milibus ultra Maldunense monasterium deveni," seem to mean
simply that Doulting is about fifty miles from Malmesbury, as
he found on his journey ; and do not imply that the funeral
procession reached Malmesbury after a round to Bishopstrow.
Apart from the intrinsic unlikeliness of this, the mileage would be
too great, for Egwine is probably reckoning by the Roman mile,
fourteen of which are generally reckoned to thirteen English miles ;
and as Doulting is a good forty English miles from Malmesbury,
the expression " about fifty " is not a bad reckoning. Again,
William of Malmesbury says that these crosses were called "Bishop's-
stanes," so that if the place was named after this incident, the name
would have probably been, not Bishopstrow, but Bishopstone.

We may, then, dismiss this last view, and return to the connection
of Aldhelm and Bishopstrow, and see if there is more than the
name only. It has been observed by Dr. Baron that two churches
which are traditionally associated with Aldhelm are of a peculiar
build. At Bishopstrow, there was an apsidal chancel with no east
window, but the eastern part of the apse was an unbroken space
of wall with a window on each side ; and at Bradford there was a
small doorway in the east wall of the nave instead of a chancel
arch.1 Dr. Baron finds in these peculiarities a trace of the Greek
ecclesiastical tradition due to Aldhelm's training under Adrian, a
follower of Theodore of Tarsus, for Theodore was a learned Greek
who founded a school in Canterbury for the study of Greek, and
thereby created a certain sympathy with the Greek Church.

During this time, monasteries such as Shaftesbury, and Glaston-
bury under Dunstan, were the centres of religion and learning.
The great abbey of Glastonbury, founded probably on a spot of
ancient sanctity, was growing, and, although we have no local details,
it is not likely that it would have neglected to evangelise the upper

1 See Dr. Baron's paper in Wilts Arch. May., xx., and Mr. Ponting's
criticism in vol. xxvii., p. 254.

By J. U. Powell, M.A.

119

part of the valley, a district in which its estates were so large, and
which was near at hand. For by this time the district was as
settled as it is now with manors and homesteads. Indeed, as
early as about 930 we find the abbey of Glastonbury in possession
of Monkton, which was named from its owners, and Longbridge.
It is true that the only church in the Deverill valley definitely
mentioned in Domesday Book is that of Brixton, although a priest
is mentioned as holding some land in Hill or Longbridge ; but it
must be remembered that no return was made of churches unless
they held glebe lands. Itinerant priests on their journeys would
gather listeners in the villages before churches were built, and it
was not till a later century that the fresh spirit infused by the
energetic Normans built and endowed churches. There are traces
of a Saxon Church at Mere (Wilts Arch. Mag., No. 86, p. 22), and,
as we have seen, almost certainly a Saxon Church at Bishopstrow ;
there are remains of a Saxon cross of the tenth century at Codford
St. Peter;1 and at Knook Church probably a portion of a Saxon
cross (Wilts Arch. Mag., No. 79, p. 46 ; there are remains of Early
Norman work at Sutton (St. Leonard's) and Codford St. Mary ; a
Norman font at Codford St. Peter ; Norman work at Stockton,
Heytesbury (granted in 1115 to Salisbury Cathedral), Longbridge
(1130 — 1150), and a portion of a Norman font at Norton.

There were churches in the 12th century at Hill Deverill,
Horningsham, Boyton, Tytherington, Upton, Knook, and a chapel
of Mere, which has now disappeared, dedicated to St. Andrew, at
Kingston Deverill. And at some time between 1198 and 1211 the
Abbot of Bee conveyed to the Church of Sarum the rights which
they had in the church of Brixton, and Heytesbury was a Collegiate
Church in 1165. Here it will be well to give the evidence which
architecture affords in the case of the following Churches.1 Codford
St. Mary has work of about 1180 ; Upton has work of the end of
12th or beginning of the 13th ; Boyton of the middle of the 13th ;

1 For a complete list of Churches in England that exhibit traces of Saxon
building see Professor Baldwin Brown's paper in The Builder for May 2nd,
1903, and his Arts in Early England, vol. 2 (Murray, 1903).

1 See Mr. Ponting's paper in Wilts Arch. Mag., No. 81, p. 245.

120 The Early History of the Upper Wylye Valley.

Stockton of the 13th ; Sutton (St. Leonard's) was re-built in the
13th; Codford St. Peter and Brixton have 13th century work, but
there are traces of older work in both ; Norton has work of the
early or middle of the 14th century; Kingston, of the 14th;
Bishopstrow, as now existing, of the middle of the 15th, and this,
as we saw, may have been an old foundation then.

There are two churches of which the foundation presents some
points of interest, Hill Deverill and Longbridge. Hill was the
subject of dispute soon after its foundation. The Osmund Eegister
I. 349 — 351) gives a deed of Elyas Giffard, of which the date is
1130 — 1135, in which he certifies to the Bishop of Sarum his gift
of the Church of Hill to Heytesbury, founded " in feudo Walteri
militis mei, eodem Waltero concedente." We get further details
in a document of the date 1156 to 1160. The two disputants were
the aforesaid Walter and Canon Roger, founder of the Prebendal
Church at Heytesbury. The ordinary chairman would have been
Azo, the Archdeacon of Sarum, Roger's brother; but Walter
" suspected " Azo, and the Bishop therefore, to satisfy all parties,
appointed Adelelm, the Archdeacon of Dorset, to act. The case
was argued in St. Peter's Church, at Glaston Deverill (Longbridge ),
before a rural chapter of the deanery. Canon Roger argued that
the Church belonged to his prebend, while Walter argued that it
had never so belonged. The judgment was in favour of Roger, and
Elyas Giffard therefore drew up his deed forbidding the aforesaid
Walter or his heirs from raising any vexatious controversy against
Heytesbury Church in the matter. So the church formed a prebend
in the Collegiate church of Heytesbury till the Act of 1839 abolished
the prebends there.1

The notice in this document is valuable, because it confirms Mr.
Ponting's date of the earliest architecture in Longbridge Church
as being 1130 — 1150, and because there is an oral tradition, still

1 Two of the prebends in this Church, Tytheringfcon and Horningsham,
were united before 1400, and then separated again, and named with subtle
discrimination, one, " The prebend of Tytherington cum Horningsham," the
other, " The prebend of Horningsham cum Tytherington." Hoare, Hundred
of Heytesbury, 305.

By J. U. Powell, M.A.

121

repeated in the village, that the church was consecrated, and there-
fore presumably dedicated, by Thomas Becket. Now at first sight
this seems unlikely, because Becket was not Archbishop till 1162,
thirty years after the date of this document which speaks of St.
Peter's church there. But it was not uncommon for a church to be
named long before it was consecrated. Thus at Horningsham (Beg.
Osmund., i., 313) the Church in 1224 is called "de beato Johanne
Baptista non dedicata " ; yet Horningsham chapel had been founded
before 1156 ; and at Knook in 1226 was a chapel " in honore beatae
Marine Magdalene, non dedicata." Oral tradition, therefore, here fills
up a gap in the documents. There are some other features of interest
in these traditions. They are as follows : — that Thomas Becket
consecrated Longbridge Church ; and that he visited Crockerton
" Eevel," coming through Southleigh Wood, " dressed like a gentle-
man, and going back dressed like a beggar, because he had spent
all his money at the Eevel." The Kev. W. H. Hutton, in a note
to his Bampton Lectures for this year, has suggested to me that
this story is a reminiscence of the story told of Becket and the
King (See Stephen's Materials for the Life of Becket, vol. 3, 24 (Bolls
Series) : — " One day when he was riding in London with the King,
they met a poor old man. ' Do you see,' said the King, ' this poor
ill-clad man ? It would be charity to give him a thick warm cape.'
The King pulled Becket's red cloak off, and Becket struggled to
keep it, but let the King have it for the old fellow, who went off
rejoicing, while the followers offered Becket their cloaks." The first
thing to notice is that this "Bevel" is a "changed feast." Not only
had the popularity of Becket in many cases caused the re-dedication
of Churches to him, but after the translation of his remains on
July 7th, 1220, to a shrine in Canterbury Cathedral, that day
became the popular festival in his honour. There is an exact
parallel to the case of Longbridge in that of Wymondham, in
Norfolk, where the old day of the parish fair was altered from St.
Alban's day to the morrow of the translation of the remains of
Thomas Becket.1 In the same way, the old Longbridge festival
on St. Peter's day, June 29th, must have been altered to the first
1 Arnold Forster, Studies in Church Dedication, I., 357.

122 The Early History of the Upper Wylye Valley.

Sunday after the day of this popular but political saint. He must
have been a favourite in this neighbourhood, for at Mere it is
probable that in one of the windows1 of the south chapel the Arch-
bishop figured there is Becket, and certainly in 1220 there was an
altar in that church to his honour. Again, some time between
1165 and 1170 he grants an indulgence of forty days to benefactors
of the Church at Heytesbury and to those who piously visit the
relics there; and in 1220 his episcopal " slipper" (crepida) is
mentioned among the treasures of the church. It is quite possible,
too, that Norton Bavant has a trace of him in one of the bells,
which bears this inscription : — " Sancte Tome, ora pro nobis."

We get a glimpse of some of these churches and the clergy in
the account of a visitation held by Dean Wanda in 1220, who was
Dean when the first service was held in the new Cathedral.
Horningsham had a stone church roofed with wooden shingles ;
its churchyard was not enclosed, but was " open to beasts, and
routed up by the pigs," large droves of which were fed in the
neighbouring forest. Hill Deverill had a stone church, in need of
repair, and with the internal fittings dilapidated. There is a
mistake in Hoare's account of the visitation of this church. He gives
{Heytesbury Hundred,^. 11), "est dedicanda," "it has yet to be
dedicated"; but Jones, Regist. Osmundi, i., 312, gives the right
reading, " est dedicata," " is dedicated." The remark, therefore, in
Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxviii., p. 239, must be corrected.

The entries are precise and business-like, chiefly inventories of
books, vestments, and ornaments ; sometimes of tithes, and of
repairs needed, and "dilapidations." The "insufficient hymnaries"
of these poor churches, the " missals that need binding," the " old
and thumbed psalters," point to the dearness and scarcity of books,
quite as much as to neglect ; although no doubt this visitation
stirred things up.

We find a few more local traces of the later history of the
Church, though no doubt much more might be gathered from the
history of the Collegiate church at Heytesbury.

Wilts ArcL Mag., No. 86, p. 26.

By J. U. Powell, M.A.

123

Traces of the Eeformation are found in the reports of Edward
the Sixth's Commissioners in 1553, who visited Hill, Kingston,
Longbridge; and Monkton, and who took away some of the church
plate at Hill Deverill. Is it the recollection of this that survives
in the oral legend that " church plate " is buried in a certain field-
well or hidden in a lane ? It seems to point to more than the ordinary
" buried treasure " of folk-lore. The Commissioners also reserved
plate "for the King's use," at Hey tesbury,Horningsham,Tytherington,
Knook, both Coclfords, Upton, and Boy ton.

The date of the registers at Hill must be placed earlier than
was stated in Wilts Arch. Mag. vol. xxviii., p. 242, for, although the
earlier register itself is lost, the copies of the entries made in it are
preserved in the Decanal registry at Salisbury. They are in good
handwriting, and well preserved, and run from 1587 to 1721. They
give many names, all of which have now disappeared from the
parish, though some occur close by. They also give the names of
churchwardens and clergy, so that it is now possible to make out
a more complete list than that which is given in Hoare or in Wilts
Arch. Mag., vol. xxviii., p. 241.

In the time of the Commonwealth — 1654 — we find Mr. John
White ejected from his living by the Parliament, and presumably
William Parry, Vicar of Longbridge Deverill, was another victim
of this time.1 In 1707 we first hear of a school ; it was at Longbridge,
and thirty-two children were taught. £4 per annum were " given
by a private person," and the offertory was applied to it.

Two names, which are still sometimes heard at Brixton, " The
Liberty," and " Smoke Alley," have some interest in connection
with the Church. The name of "The Liberty," or "Liberties,"
still used in Brixton, probably illustrates its ownership by a religious
house, the Abbey of Bee, in Normandy, and the Abbot's right of
private jurisdiction. Possibly the name " Smoke Alley " points to
the same fact, for in some manors, formerly belonging to religious
houses, there is still paid, as appendant to these manors, the ancient
Peter's Pence, by the name of Smoke money." 2 The " Liberties "

1 Wilts Notes and Queries, Dec, 1900, No. 32, p. 376.
3 T. H. Baker, Wilts Arch. Mag., xxix., 330.

124 The Early History of the Upper Wylye Valley.

might also be, not those of the whole manor, but that of " one hide
of land which the Church of the manor possesses," mentioned in
Domesday Book. Also, at Whitecliff, which is near Smoke Alley,
(Hoare, p. 7), a tithing of Brixton, a holding of hides is
apparently a separate holding of the Abbot of Glastonbury.

Of course the architecture and monuments in the churches
plainly show the changes which time brings. Thus, there is an
excellently carved head of Edward I. or II. built into the wall of
the Vicarage at Norton, and many more significant things might
be found by looking. For example, a curious wooden Jacobean
monument in Hill Deverill church is in memory of Sir Henry Coker,
a " King's man," who was at Worcester fight. He is depicted
resting his head upon a " Bibell/' and his feet upon the " Status."
There is also some fine Jacobean work at Sherrington.

Pursuing the same method as before, we find that oral traditions
about the land still give us glimpses into its history. Some field-
names which are still in use are as old as the days when Glastonbury
Abbey was the owner, for we find them in a Glastonbury survey
of the 13th century. We may pass over the shadowy owners in
Early English times, till we find much of the upper part of the
valley in the hands of the Abbey.1 The wealth of this magnificent

1 Hoare (Ifeytesbury Hundred, p. 38) gives a Deverill document of which
he tries to explain the names. They are the bounds of an estate of 20 hides
given by Edgar to the Priory of Ellandune. "A Defereal ad veterem fossarn;
et sic per fossam ad Langanbeorgam (longum collem) ; inde ad viam militarem ;
per viam ad mansionem Pudelenham dictam ; inde ad Henleguam, (campum
sic dictum) ; inde ad mansionem Peocesham dictam ; a mansione
ad viam patriam ; a via ad veterem fossam ; a fossa ad viam mili-
tarem ; per viam ad collem Eferbeorh [i.e., collem aprinum] dictum ;
a colle iterum ad Defereal." He identifies Langanbeorgam with Long
Knoll, near Maiden Bradley; Eferbeorh as Bore Hill, between Long-
bridge and Warminster, but " can make nothing of either Pudelenham or
Peocesham." Now it is manifestly impossible that an estate of twenty hides
should reach from Bore Hill, which is a mile from Warminster on the Deverill
Boad, to Long Knoll, at Maiden Bradley. Again, that hill is probably Bore,
(not Boar, Hill, as Hoare translates collis aprinus, by an unintentional pun ;)
and it took its name from the thirteenth century family of that name. But
with the aid of the local names we may, with some probability, see in the
"military road" that which runs along the ridge to Great Bidge Wood;
Langabeorh may be the long hill which rises south of Longbridge, now

By J. U. Powell, M.A.

125

foundation culminated in the 10th century; by the 11th decay had
set in. Out of the enormous mass of Glastonbury papers at
Longleat,the most important of which have been examined by Canon
Jackson, the Somerset Eecord Society have printed (1891) the
" Rentalia et Custumaria " of Michael de Ambresbury, with a
valuable aud succinct preface by Bishop Hobhouse and notes by
Mr. C. Elton. Michael de Ambresbury was Abbot of Glastonbury
from 1235 to 1260, and caused a survey to be made of all the
Abbey estates, and it is in this survey that a full account of Long-
bridge is given (p. 133). As the work is rather inaccessible, it will
be well to give some extracts from it, for the account presents
several features of interest. The local names which this list gives
are the following : —

The Pottery and a mill (both at Crockerton). Lustiggesbrom,
Benchacre, Sandvei, Werescumbe, or Worscombe, Wdeleise
(Woodleas) , Blankland, Gareshurthe, Wexingaker, Tonfurlong,
Eeeve hammes (that is, large riverside meadows), Sulstiche,

Lord's Hill; the name Pudel-en-ham may be found in Piddewell-mede
(probably not the same as Potley on the top of Lord's Hill, because a
" ham " seems always to be a flat pasture near a stream); the via patria
would be the local road leading thither ; Eferbeorh might well be derived
from Eofor, a wild boar, and be seen now in the farm called Long Ivor ;
(compare Eversley, which is Eofors-ley) ; Henlega and Peocesham have left
no traces, but as there is " pucksey " mead in Crockerton, meaning " marshy,"
there may have been one in the more marshy Longbridge. But the difficulty
is, that if the " via militaris" is that which runs along the ridge, it runs too
far south of the hill of Long Ivor farm, and does not quite touch it; Peocesham
must be looked for by some spring, in some hollow of the high ground,
which is apparently being described, or in the upper part of the marsh
near the village. The other difficulty is, that Wulfhelm, Archbishop of
Canterbury from 924 to 934, is said to have given the manor of Longbridge
to Glastonbury ; yet here we find Edgar giving what appears to be a portion
of Longbridge to the Priory of Ellandune some time between 960 and 975. A
further difficulty is, that in Domesday Longbridge has only ten hides, yet here
are twenty; Monkton also has ten hides; perhaps, as they both belonged to
Glastonbury, the solution may be that we have the boundaries of both estates
run together, and that this is a confirmation of the older grant, and some
authority has attributed it to Ellandune instead of to Glastonbury. Stubbs
{Const. Hut., I., 107, n.) remarks that the gift of hundreds to Ely and
Peterborough by Edgar are of doubtful authenticity. Yet, if the document is a
forgery, whence comes this familiarity with what are apparently Deverill
names and with places which may more or less be identified still ?
VOL. XXXII. — NO. C. K

126 The Early History of the Upper Wylye Valley.

Goddingchestiche, Bogecliche, Cuslei, Piddewllmede, Forsfelde
(also Forfelde), Westcampus, Suthcampus, Braddemecle.

Of these names the following are still in use, and the place can
be identified : — The Ham, Worscombe, Sand Street, Broadmead.
The name Horloc appears in the list of tenants, and a field on the
Manor Farm is still called " Hor lock's."

In the same way, field-names going back to 1300 can still be

identified at Mere 1 and Maiden Bradley.2 The total number of

names of tenants is ninety-eight, which, allowing an average of

four persons to each household, would give about four hundred

inhabitants to Longbridge and Crockerton. The name of the

clergyman (persona, parson) is given as Walter, so this adds an

earlier name to the list of the clergy given by Hoare, whose list

begins with the year 1306. A detailed account is given of the

holding of the ale-l'east : —

" The lord of the Manor may hold three feasts in the year for the estates
of Longbridge and Monkton. On Saturday, the married men and young
men come after dinner and are served three times with ale ; on Sunday the
husbands and wives come with their pennies, and they can come back again
the next day, if they will. The young men must pay a halfpenny (obolus) a
head if they come on the Sunday ; but on the Monday they can come and
drink for nothing, provided they do not sit on [or perhaps "above"] the
bench. Any one of them caught sitting down must pay his half -penny as
before. These rights, say the jury, belong only to the natives of the manor
and their children ; a stranger who is servant to anyone in the manor, or who
is staying there, shall have no share in the rights."

We may be sure that these curiously minute rules were kept
strictly, but such feasts must have led to abuses, for just at this
time the Archbishop forbad the presence of the clergy at them ; and
a hundred years later Archbishop Langham discountenances them.
But in the words of Mr. Elton, we must bear in mind
" the life of the ancient tenantry, their patient struggles with fortune, and
their rarely seen and somewhat dismal holidays. The Merry England of the
thirteenth century was a place where there was much to do and little to get ;
and the predecessors of our modern farmers had a great deal of hard work
with very little in the way of amusement to lighten it."

1 Wilts Arch. Mag., xxix., 235.
2 Parish Magazine, Warminster, July, 1903, paper on the early history of
Maiden Bradley, with a discussion of the name.

By J. U. Powell, 31. A.

127

To this time we may probably refer the traces of old cultivation
and pennings among the downs. There are many traces of mediaeval
agriculture, probably of the 14th century, and cattle pennings
noticeable in the broken hill-country behind Longbridge, Brixton,
and Sutton. Light land was plentiful, and after one portion was
worked out, another was ploughed up, and the whole manor was
worked like a co-operative farm.

Other early place-names are preserved in common talk, and not
elsewhere. Sometimes their reason is plain, sometimes not. Why
was a cottage or two, that stood at Hill Deverill, in the meadows
away from the village, on the old pathway to Brixton, called
Eehoboth ? The word means " room " or " space " (Genesis, xxvi., 22).
It is found as a place-name at Warminster, where it is away from
the town, and at Dublin, where it is towards the country, and in
all three cases it is near a river ; perhaps the idea was taken from
Genesis, xxxvi., 37, " Eehoboth by the river."

Other names are puzzling. The so-called "Jews' wall," at Long-
bridge, is the remains of the wall of the yard that adjoined the
house built by one of the Thynnes, near the church, and standing
certainly up till 1660. Local legend tells, of course, of a Jew who
was found murdered on the hill, and who was buried here when the
churchyard was refused. Now at Lincoln and Bury St. Edmund's
are buildings still called Jews' houses — almost the first houses of
stone that superseded the habitations of the English burghers.1
Anthony Wood says that there was a mount outside Oxford
. Castle called " The Jews' Mound." Did the name get applied to
any old stonework ? The " Jews' Kitchen " is the name given to a
building in Cornwall by " Q." in his novel, The Splendid Spur, and
"Jews' houses" is the name of any old smelting works in Cornwall.
There is also a kind of lias stone found at Wedmore, in Somerset,
in large blocks, locally called " Jews," but they are said not to bear
cutting, so apparently that cannot be the derivation. In the name
" Devil's parrock," at Hill, we may see the old usage which left
small bits of land unused under the open field system, for elsewhere
we find " Cloutie's croft," and " the gude-man's field," which may

1 See Social England, I., 326, 330, for Jews as builders.

K 2

128 The Early History of the Ujctper Wylye Valley.

never be cultivated, originally with the idea of giving something to
the evil spirits. And the name " Gwris-church " is a puzzle. It is
a round barrow standing on the southern extremity of Hill, away
on the down, and the Teutonic " spectral hunt " has become localised
round it.1

Two surnames which occur in the Brixton registers, Dredge and
Maslin, give a glimpse into mediaeval farming. " Dredge " is mixed
corn, sown together, such as oats, wheat, and barley ; the word is
used in the margin of Job, xxiv., 6, "Maslin," is "miscellin," Latin
mixtilio, and is bread made of a mixture of rye and wheat-flour.

At the dissolution of the Monasteries, the Glastonbury estates in
Monkton and Longbridge were bought by Sir John Thynne, as the
rhyme has it : —

"Horner and Thynne
When the monks went out, they came in " ;

but probably the change of owners affected the inhabitants but

little. Nor is it likely that this district had felt the great change

whichbegan in 1460, when wool competed with corn-growing in some

parts so severely, that, in the words of an unnamed petitioner to

the Crown in 1536 : —

" The ploughs be decayed, and the farm-houses and other dwelling-houses;
so that, where they were twenty or thirty dwelling-houses, they be now
decayed, ploughs and all the people clean gone . . . and no more
parishioners in many parishes, but a neat-herd and a shepherd, instead of
three-score or fourscore persons,"

for on these upland farms there was room for both plough and sheep-
fold. In the curious oral tradition about the deep-cut thicket-clad
road by Longbridge Church, where ghostly "woolpacks" might
tumble out upon the head of the nightly traveller or the straying
child, we may have a recollection of this staple trade, which began
no doubt in the earliest times.

There are no more oral traditions till the Civil Wars begin. Of
them we still hear an echo in Hill, where traces of the
British village are popularly said to be the remains of houses
which were battered by the cannon. The times were lively in the

1 Gun Hill, near Leek, in Staffordshire, is said to mean Battle Hill (A.S.
girS). Does it ? {Staffordshire Knots, p. 196. Vyse, Stoke-on-Trent, 1895).

By J. U. Powell, M.A.

129

neighbourhood, for Ludlow, of Maiden Bradley, and Wansey, of
Warminster, were strong Parliament men. There was a skirmish
at Crockerton, and it would have been possible to hear the guns at
the siege of Wardour Castle in 1642-3. From Mr. Euddle's
calculations in Wilts Notes and Queries, ~No. 36, p. 537, we may take
the population of the Deverills in 1676 to have been approximately
as follows: — Brixton, 121; Kingston, 320 ; Monkton, 96; Long-
bridge (which probably includes Crockerton), 480. Hill, Tyther-
ington, Knook, and Heytesbury, which are all ecclesiastically con-
nected, do not appear in this voluntary census return, which had
a special purpose. It was set on foot by the Bishop of London, in
order to ascertain the numbers of Church people, Boman Catholics,
and Nonconformists, above the age of 16, and the figures in the re-
turn have a suspicious way of reaching round numbers in tens. The
numbers above are reached by adding 60 per cent, for children
under 16.1 Four Boman Catholic families are found at Monkton,
and three at Kingston. This is probably to be attributed to their
connection with the district of Donhead, Semley, Tisbury,
and the Deanery of Chalke generally, of which Wardour was the
centre, where there is a considerable number of Boman Catholics
recorded.

Passing on to the eighteenth century, we find a few signs left of
the various trades which at that time made each village fairly
self-sufficing, the weavers, tanners, potters, candle-makers. In the
West, many rural districts of Devon, Somerset, Wilts, Dorset, were
prosperous by cottage industries ; indeed the prosperity of the rural
classes depended more on these by -industries than upon agricultural
wages {Social England, v., 132, 133). A few large windows where
looms stood and "went hickety-snackety," as an old man who
remembered them said, can still be seen, especially at Crockerton,
Heytesbury, and Tytherington, for Heytesbury was a seat of cloth
making, and Five Ash Lane, in Sutton, was the road by which
those who had taken out work to do in their homes went to and

1 For the increase of the population during the period between 1760 and
1800 see C. Simpson's "A Census of Wilts," in 1676, in Wilts Notes and
Queries, No. 36, p. 534.

130 The Early History of the Upper Wylye Valley.

from the mills with the stuff. In the midst of this agricultural
country there was a settlement of weavers upon the moor-like heath
near Crockerton, working at the broad-cloth. The potter's industry
there, as we have seen, goes back to the thirteenth century, and
another of its industries was the making of whetstones from the local
stone. There are still old men who will look among the material
of houses that have been pulled down, to see if any of the stone is
of the kind that may be ground down into whetstones. The ague,
which was the common complaint there, was due mainly to the
standing water of the potters' claypits, and partly to the sunless
situation of the small valley. Higher up the river valley it was
due to the marshy reed-beds and swamps. The carpenter's
industry has decayed, and so has that of the innkeeper. Here
and there, on or near the main coach-roads, we come upon
the traces of fine inns, such as " The Tippling Philosopher," 1 at
Monkton, which would be at the height of their prosperity at the
close of the eighteenth century, when vehicles and roads were
greatly improved. The milestones bear the date 1767, and part of
the construction of the roads consisted in the cutting of steep
hills, on which the marks of the older path can still be seen.

Of the Beforin movement in 1830 I have heard nothing, but it
was not a burning question in this district. There were quite
lately some memories from Hindon, above the valley, of election
times when the borough returned two members, with scenes of
disorder and a spirit of corruption. " There was no law at election
times," said my narrator.

Some can still remember machine-breaking, when threshing-
machines were first introduced.

The condition of the working class during this time would be a
fruitful subject, but it is out of place here, because many of the old
conditions lasted till quite lately, and no great change occurred till
the great migrations to Australia and America about 1860 onwards,
and the still greater migration of the last twenty years common
to all country districts. Even up to the nineteenth century the

1 There was an inn called "the Tippling Philosopher," at Portskewett, in
Monmouthshire, in 1875. What is the story ?

The Palaeolithic Implements and Gravels of Knoivle, Wilts. 131

words of an old English dialogue of the beginning of the eleventh
century may be applied almost without alteration : —

The ploughman says: "I work hard; I go out at day-break, driving the
oxen to the field, and I yoke them to the plough. Be it never so stark a
winter, I dare not linger at home for awe of my lord. Every day I must
plough a full acre or more ... I have a boy driving the oxen with a
goad-iron, who is hoarse with cold and shouting . . . Mighty hard work
it is." .

Such are some of the changes through which this district passed,
and which have left their traces up to the present day. They
reflect, not the overshadowing predominance of some great house,
with its rise and fall, and with an importance often exaggerated by
the novelist, and sometimes by the historian; but the progress of a
settled society, quietly living its own life, working out its own
destiny, and sharing in the larger movement of the whole country.

%\t f^alitjw |mj)lctttcnt$ m\ drabtls of
fx\\Mt, Milts.

By Wm. Cunnington, F.G.S., and Wm. A. Cunnington, Ph.D.

'^Wtffii COLLECTION of implements, together with a series of
glaciated and of naturally polished flints from this
locality, has lately been presented to the North Wilts Museum,
Devizes.

The Knowle pit, situated near the farm of that name, on the
borders of Savernake Forest, is remarkable for the large number
of Palaeolithic implements it has afforded, more than two thousand
having been found there within the past two years. The discovery
of this interesting deposit in May, 1901, is due to S. B. Dixon, Esq.,
of Pewsey. Although the implements have already been described
by various authors, there are certain problems connected with

132 The Palaeolithic Implements and Gravels of Knowle, Wilts.

them, and with the mineral condition of the gravels in which they
occur, that render a further investigation desirable.

The pit is some 40 or 50 feet above the level of the turnpike
road from Marlborough to Hungerford, near the summit of a piece
of rising ground, 460 feet above the sea. It exists as a semicircular
cutting into the side of the hill, some 10 to 14 feet in depth, with
coarse flints above, and smaller stones embedded in a ferruginous
sand, below. It may be noted that extremely few pebbles occur
in the pit, and that the implements are principally found in the
lower and more sandy layers. In this district an abundant supply
of good workable flint must have been ready to hand, since denu-
dation has proceeded so far that little of the Upper Chalk (in
which alone flint occurs) is left.

Another point of interest is afforded by the composition of the
gravel. It has been spoken of by a geologist of much experience
as the purest flint gravel he has ever seen. As the result of five
days working in- the pit he found five quartz pebbles, one lump of
iron pyrites, four of ferruginous lower greensand, and six pieces
of quartzite and sarsen, but no other examples of foreign rock.1

The implements found at Knowle have chiefly been made of
flints derived apparently from gravels of still older date. Where
there are portions of the old chalk crust remaining, they have
generally been much worn down.

All the flints from the Knowle pit are free from the dark brown
ferruginous stain which is so distinctive a feature of the Kentish
plateau gravels. This does not imply the entire absence of iron
oxide. A considerable amount is in fact present, particularly in
the sand, and many of the flints themselves show thin patches of
ferruginous deposit. It is, however, specially to be remarked that
the 'worked surfaces of the Knowle palseoliths are altogether free
from ferruginous deposit, or indeed from any stain.

In the dark-coloured sand from the bottom of the pit, there is
also a noticeable proportion of manganese dioxide, and small patches

1 We should here state on the authority of Prof. Boyd Dawkins, that there
are two or three chert implements, among those from Knowle, in the Brighton
Museum.

By Wm. Gunnington, F.G.S., & Wm. A. Cunnington, Ph.D. 133

of it may be found adhering to the surface of the flints, and even
to the surfaces which have been worked by man. In certain
instances, where a stone appears to have split during working, the
dioxide has penetrated into the cracks and effectively recemented
it.1 We have also observed deposits of manganese dioxide on the
sarsen fragments found in the gravel at Knowle.

We have yet to refer to the secondary deposits of silica which
are not infrequently found on the surface of the flints. It is not
easy to understand what were the chemical and physical conditions
which prevailed when these deposits took place, but there can be
no doubt as to their frequent occurrence. The silica is generally
of the chalcedonic variety, occasionally assuming a fibrous structure,
—moss-like or in small rods. Such deposits of silica do not usually
present a polished surface. The layers are generally very thin,
and are frequently much worn down, sometimes only a mere film
remaining. Very distinct patches of the botryoidal form may
occasionally be found even on the worked surfaces of implements
from this, as well as from other localities, though the fact appears
to have been very generally overlooked. Some well-defined im-
plements closely covered with scratches, appear to have received a
thick deposit of white silica which has filled up the scratches.
They have since been abraded to a smooth surface, much of the
deposit having been removed, so that the dark colour of the original
flint shows through on the prominent ridges.

The implements are very varied in form, and in the style of
working; some, especially those of the ovate pointed type, are
cleverly flaked, in this respect resembling neoliths. Others are
exceedingly rude, almost shapeless, and difficult to recognise as
having been wrought by man. In many, even of very rude type,
it is nevertheless evident that care has been taken to form a good
point to the tool, and to secure such a wedge-shaped form as would
render it suitable for fixing in a handle.

1 Several examples of this phenomenon occur in the Knowle gravels. It
is particularly well shown, however, in a large flint core, from Galley Hill,
Kent, now, by the liberality of Mr. T. H. Powell, in the North Wilts Museum
at Devizes.

134 The Palceolithic Implements and Gravels of Knowle, Wilts.

Two features noticeable on the surface of a considerable number,
both of worked and unworked flints, call for special remark. One
is the highly polished appearance of the stones. They are seldom
completely polished, for bands of varying hardness in the stone
show varying degrees of polish, and the high gloss is most frequently
produced upon the later fractured surfaces. It should be mentioned
that these polished stones come more particularly from the bottom
of the pit, where the gravel is rather smaller, and the flints are
embedded in a quantity of fine sand.

Many suggestions have been made as to the probable cause of
the highly glossy surfaces. The most obvious explanation is that
they are due to the action of wind-blown sand, but while to us this
would fully account for the phenomenon, the unusual brilliancy of
the surface has caused other suggestions to be put forward.

Another explanation, which has met with considerable support,
is that a varnish of soluble hydrate of silica has been left upon the
flints. To this solution of the problem there are, however, important
objections. This soluble hydrate, as is well known, can be dissolved
in heated water in the presence of an alkali. It is obvious,
then, that the action of a warm caustic potash solution would
effectively destroy a varnish of this nature. The experiment thus
suggested, we have carried out, and have in our possession a small,
extremely glossy stone, one end of which has been immersed in
boiling potash for some time. It is still absolutely impossible to
distinguish one end of the stone from the other, a fact which should
conclusively prove the absence of any soluble hydrate of silica.

A further most important objection to the silica varnish theory
is afforded by a careful survey of many of the flints in question.
It seems barely conceivable that a fluid of any kind could touch
certain projecting ridges and points, without glazing also the de-
pressions which lie between them. That the hollows have usually
escaped, while projections have been affected, is well shown on
many of the specimens, and is to our minds a very telling argument
against the glazing by a secondary deposit.1

1 See specimens Nos. 21, 99, 111, 114, in North Wilts Museum.

By Wm. Cunnington, F.G.S., & Wm. A. Gunnington, Ph.D. 135

That the polishing was due to the action of lightning has been
proposed, though without any proof as to its probability ; it has
also been said that it was caused by the friction of passing worms (!)

To return then to the theory of the sand-blast. The polish, we
submit, was produced by the action of blown sand, as the flints lay
exposed on the surface. This view has been confirmed by the
result of some experiments lately made. We have succeeded in
producing a very decided polish on a freshly-broken Hint, by the
action of a constant flow of sand upon it, during about forty-eight
hours. It is to be specially noted that the process does not require
a very long exposure.

The peculiarly high polish of the Knowle flints we would suggest,
is due in the first place to the fineness of the sand which produced
it. The sands of the desert generally brought home and exhibited
with the various sand-polished objects, are usually much coarser
than the sand in which these polished flints have been found.
Again, the presence of ferric oxide, which occurs to the extent of
about 6%, would no doubt aid in producing the unusually brilliant
surface. The highest polish of the lapidary is produced by the
use of the finest grits and metallic oxides, towards the end of his
process.

We now turn to the consideration of certain characteristic
markings — scratches — which in many cases occur on the worked
surfaces of the implements, and are specially to be noticed on the
more exposed parts. These may be visible as distinct depressions,
but they have been in some cases filled up, apparently by white
silica, which often renders them still more obvious. Including
natural flints, some 10% of the stones from this pit exhibit these
highly characteristic markings. To us the marks at once suggested
glacial scratchings, and we have not found any reason for changing
that view. At the same time it must be admitted that this view
has not hitherto found a very favourable reception with some
authorities.

What then, we must ask, are other possible explanations of the
phenomenon ?

It has been stated that a land-slip, or any such movement of

f

136 The Palaeolithic implements and Gravels of Knoivle, Wilts.

flint-gravels, would be sufficient to account for scratches in every
direction, quite definite, and well defined. Such a statement is
not easy to disprove, but we feel very doubtful whether a mere
land-slip would be likely to produce scratching on such a hard
substance as flint. Although unable to prove definitely that such
earth movements could not effect the scratching of flint, the im-
probability of this has been emphasised by certain rough experi-
ments recently undertaken, in which we have tried artificially to
scratch flint with flint, and have been impressed by the difficulty
of producing even obscure and indistinct scratchings.

A further suggestion is that river action might produce scratches
of this nature upon flints. That is to say, that in the rubbing
together in a river bed such scratches might be produced. It is
difficult to conceive that the bouldering action of a river bed could
produce scratches, recognisable as such, and indeed, if this be the
case, we may ask why do not flints from all river gravels exhibit
similar markings ?

Still another theory advanqed, is that the marks in question are
in reality cracks produced by blows, and not scratches at all.
Certainly the flints in a bed of gravel will have undergone a good
deal of knocking together, but while occasional cracks might be
produced, there does not seem to be sufficient reason for regarding
the marks as principally due to such a cause. The crucial test,
also, of examining a marked flint which has been broken in two,
points clearly in the same direction, for generally speaking no
trace of cracks extending from the surface is revealed.

We come back, then, to the much- vexed question of the glacial
scratching of flint. It is by no means at variance with the
geological record, to suppose that certain constituents of these
gravels have been subjected to glacial action. The great ice sheet
of Northern Europe is generally considered to have reached down
to a point not very far noith of Knowle, and it is not unreasonable
to suppose that subsidiary smaller glaciers may have extended stiU
further south, under the influence of the extreme cold. Lord
Avebury1 has pointed out the evidence of glacial action that the
1 " The Scenery of England."

By Wm. Gunnington, F.G.S., & Wm. A. Cunnington, Ph.D. 137

coombes of the chalk escarpment afford, and it is evident that
moraines of varying extent and force must have accompanied these
glaciers. It may well be supposed that before the ice-age, flints
had already accumulated on the surface in this district, as a result
of the denudation of the chalk. Even if not so, the action of ice
on so soft a material must have quickly resulted in a considerable
accumulation. Finally, it must be remembered that only a portion
of the flints in the Knowle gravel show these characteristic
markings, and that we have abundant evidence that the stones are
of very varied date and derived from many localities. It will be
remembered that we have implements rude and highly finished,
much boulclered and very fresh, polished and unpolished, scratched
and unscratched. Of the natural stones we have a similar variety,
including even flints fresh from the chalk.

The glaciated flints, then, according to our view, have been
carried down and mixed with a large proportion of unscratched
stones, by the action of water, probably in flood time. Embracing
a large area with abundant flints, and reaching to the immediate
neighbourhood of glaciers in North Wilts, the Knowle district
would also probably include some parts of the lower Eocene strata,
and portions of the Upper Chalk, with deposits of " Clay with
Flints." If that was the case, it is not surprising that a hollow in
the old valley-bottom should be readily filled up, and at a rate
which would leave little trace of stratification.1 On this supposition,
too, we may account for the occurrence in the same bed of gravel
of flints much scratched and rolled, with others absolutely free
from traces of glaciation.

It is well to notice that the implements themselves are of very
different dates. Those with glacial striae on the worked surfaces
are of the pre- or inter-glacial period, while those entirely un-
marked, or formed from glaciated flints, must be of post-glacial
origin. As far as can be judged from the collections hitherto

1 Mr. Clement Eeid has pointed out that the gravel occupies shallow channels
in what was probably the old valley -bottom. " Note on the Palasolithic
Gravel of Savernake Forest, Wiltshire," by Clement Reid, F.R.S. "Man"
No. 29, 1903.

138 The Pcdceolithic Implements and Gravels of Knowle, Wilts.

made, there are more of the older than of the newer types.

The large number of implements found has suggested to some
authors that Knowle was the site of a camping ground, but we see
no reason for inferring this. Many characteristic flint-flakes have
been obtained from the pit, some exhibiting well-defined scratches,
but there is no evidence whatever that man lived at Knowle, or
that the implements found were worked on the spot. The compo-
sition of the gravel shows that it must have been the de'hris of a
large district of denuded chalk, mixed with the few foreign
rocks which are usually found in such gravels and an abundance
of man's implements.

To return to the .scratches themselves. They are in many cases
deep and noticeable enough, and as a rule the larger flints exhibit
larger scratches in proportion. The fact that depressions have
escaped scratching is very worthy of notice. It has been objected
that the scratches are not so straight or parallel as might be
expected if they were of glacial origin. Scratches in different
directions are, however, characteristic of all such glaciated stones,
and are naturally due to their ever-varying position, as they are
borne along the bed of the glacier.

The gravel at Knowle is not unique in providing scratched flints.
The so-called eoliths of Mr. Benjamin Harrison, from the plateau
gravels of Kent, show not infrequently very well-marked scratches,
of a similar character, as do also certain undoubted pal?eoliths from
those gravels, described by one of us before the Geological Society
some few years ago. The nature of these as glacial scratches was
at that time allowed to pass quite unchallenged. If then we may
be fairly justified in considering the Knowle scratches as produced
by glacial action, we have a long train of evidence to show that
man lived upon the earth in the pre- or inter-glacial period, and
in so far as certain extremely well-made implements from Knowle
exhibit such markings, we have evidence that even, then man was
no novice in the art of striking flakes.

139

#tt tjre ^pal»alit|ic $lht Implements from

jftfi^l^NOWLE is a detached hamlet in the parish of Little Bedwyn,
jpE^S! on the eastern borders of Savernake Forest. It is only a
short distance from the old turnpike road leading from Marlborough
to Hungerford, and about half-way between those towns.

The Knoll, or Knowle (to which it owes its name) may be placed
at 450 feet above sea level and some 50 feet above the level of
the surrounding ground. About four miles in a south-westerly
direction are the high chalk downs terminating, at the eastern
end, in Martinsell Hill, and this range forms the northern
escarpment of the Pewsey Vale. The subsoil of Knowle is
Upper Chalk, and the gravel beds in which the implements
are found cover the top of the Knoll to a depth of 10 to 12
feet, thinning down as they follow the slope of the ground.
The eastern side only of these gravel beds has been excavated.
The gravels are mostly sharp, unrolled flints with an occasional
rolled pebble. They are more or less mixed with clay throughout.
As a rule they are closely compacted and require sharp blows from
the pickaxe to separate them. In one corner the gravels were
looser and mixed with a fine river silt — this being most probably
a later re-deposit. The flints show few traces of rolling but appear
to have been brought clown from a higher deposit, which covered
the chalk hills, mixed with sand and clay, and deposited in a mass.
Occasionally, towards the base of the gravels, the chalk is exposed,
and when this is so, it appears to have been ploughed up and re-
deposited with the gravel and clay. In places small beds of fine
quartzose sand occur. The flint implements are found throughout
the gravels, and there is no area or depth to which they can be
said to be confined. They present features of very great interest.

By S. B. Dixon.

140 On the Palaeolithic Flint Implements from Knowle.

They are of all sizes from 10 inches to 1 inch. Every form that
has been previously represented in Paleolithic flint implements is
found here. There are the spear-headed and ovoid forms so
common among the specimens from the Valley of the Somme;
long and short drills ; scrapers ; and many other forms, the uses
of which it is still so difficult to define. The different types of
workmanship are, too, so very marked. Some are found fashioned
and completed with the greatest care, showing, in many cases, no
signs of use nor of ever having been moved from the place where
they are found. Others are very rough, and although they show
undoubted traces of human workmanship they are in a rude un-
finished condition and bear a great resemblance to many that are now
placed in the so-called " Eolithic " class. With these occur others
of so highly finished and symmetrical a shape that the inclination
would be to place them with the " Neolithic " class, if the position
in which they were found did not identify them as true Palasoliths.
Another interest in connection with the Knowle implements is
the unusually large numbers in which they have been found. The
pit has an exposed surface of some 40 bo 50 yards in width
from north to south, with a depth of from 10 to 12 feet, and since
the first specimens were identified in July, 1901, upwards of two
thousand have been discovered and preserved, and it is painful to
think of the number that must have been lost before that time,
probably being mixed up with the road-metalling and ground into
the roads. One other marked feature is that some implements are
found with a brilliant polish. This polish sometimes covers the
whole of one side and in others only a protuberance. It is so
marked with some as to give the specimen the appearance of having
been coated with a solution of glass. This feature will be referred
to later on and explanations given of its possible cause. The
question now arises, How did these implements become deposited
in these gravel beds ? and, as incident to this, What is the origin
of the gravel beds ?

Knowle is practically encircled by vallies, all of which are now
dry, but which must probably have been excavated at some early
part of the Pleistocene period by intermittent streams, subject to

By S. B. Dixon.

141

violent floods. The spot appears to have been the confluence of
two or three streams, which united under, or at no great distance
from, Knowle, and then took a south-easterly direction into the
Kennett Valley, near Hungerford. Above these vallies was the
piece of rising ground, where the gravel beds are situated, and on
this there was probably a very early settlement, established from
its contiguity to the streams which were so necessary for main-
taining life, and were possibly used as a means of transit In this
settlement many of the implements (which were for both domestic
and warlike purposes) would have been made, and their fresh
unbroken appearance and sharp edges indicate that they had had
but little, if any, use, and had never been moved to any distance.
They are almost entirely of flint, although one or two specimens
have been found of greensand chert. These must have been
brought from a distance, as no trace of chert is ever found in the
neighbouring greensand of the Pewsey Vale. It is a substance
not uncommonly used for stone implements, those found near
Axminster being entirely formed of that material. No unworked
chert is found with the gravels, but there are occasionally small
pieces of sarsen stone, and the gravels bear evidence throughout of
having a purely local origin. The question naturally arises, From
what- source did the water come that excavated these vallies, as
the whole is now a waterless district ? As already mentioned,
to the south-west are the high chalk downs which terminate in
Martinsell Hill (nearly 1000 feet above sea level) and which form
the northern boundary of the Pewsey Vale. The whole drainage
of these chalk hills now discharges itself into this broad open valley,
but at an earlier date it is very probable that such was not the
case. The valley was then a mass of trees and jungle with no
drainage, entirely different from its present configuration, and as
the water would not have the same facilities of getting off in that
direction it would look for outlets in other places. The chalk, too,
would have been covered with a thick bed of clay- with -flints, of
which there are still remains, which would have prevented the
water from percolating through. The springs would then have
worked out at a much higher level and above the district in which
VOL. XXXII. — NO. C. L

142 On the PalmoUthic Flint Implements from Knowle.

the Knowle beds are situated. The rains, too, would have run off
the clay-with-flints, instead of soaking into the chalk. These
causes would have been amply sufficient to supply the waters
needed for the excavation of the now dry vallies. The most im-
portant of these had its rise a short distance from the eastern
slope of Martinsell Hill, and after traversing Savernake Forest
from west to east came out slightly to the north of Knowle. It
was here joined by other vallies that had also taken their rise in
the same direction, and the waters from all of them went south-
eastward into the Valley of Kennett. The period when these vallies
were formed must be assigned to the Glacial Epoch, which so
largely affected the surface of the country. England north of the
Thames is believed to have been covered with an ice-cap, and
although this did not extend further south the climate must have
been the same over the whole country. It was one of intense cold,
varied at intervals by inter-glacial periods accompanied with
an elevation of temperature. Considerable meltings of the snow
and ice would take place in these periods, and the water thus
produced would come down' from the high lands in violent floods,
bringing with it the stones, trees, and other debris that it had
previously collected, or that obstructed it in its flow. The under-
lying ground would still be deeply frozen and quite prevent the
water from soaking away, and the mechanical effect of such a mass
of water, stone, and other matter would each time tend to deepen
the vallies. Although many of the implements at Knowle were
made at the place where they are now found, many others would
have been brought down from other settlements in this rush of
water, and Knowle, being a piece of rising ground at the confluence
of the vallies, would arrest this material, the water receding but
leaving the heavier matter behind. Many implements are found
rolled and worn and still retaining, the marks of glacier scratching.
It is reasonable to suppose that during some one or more of these
inter-glacial periods the settlement may have been suddenly
abandoned by the inhabitants (or overwhelmed by the floods), and
all their belongings left , there. Nothing but the imperishable
stone implements have survived and there is no trace of any other

By S. B. Dixon.

143

domestic or warlike article nor of any bones. From the appearance
of the gravel beds, and the irregular distribution of the material,
and the river silt mixed in one part with the flints, it is very
probable that much that was originally deposited was afterwards
washed up and re-deposited and re-arranged, especially that at the
base of the slope. Here the flints are mixed with river silt instead
of clay, and the implements were far more numerous and showed
signs of superior workmanship. In these beds were found the
polished implements previously referred to, and two or three
suggestions have been made to account for this polish. It is found
on both worked and un worked flints, and those affected by it
occupied quite a limited area. Polished flints, similar to those
found at Knowle, have been found in a few other localities1 and
two or three explanations have been given to account for this
unusual appearance. Some consider that it arises from the con-
stant passage over the surface of the flint, when lying on the
ground, of very fine blown sand, at a period of drought when the
river sand was dry and loose — a similar appearance being often
found in pebbles in the desert, the polish being spoken of as "the
desert polish." With some the whole of one side has been affected,
and with others a part only, the extent depending on the portion
exposed. Another suggestion is that the constant flow of water,
mixed with the finest sediment (or even without a sediment)
would after a long period produce the appearance ; but as both
of these suggestions indicate a long continuous friction, there is
the grave objection that the inequalities of the surface have not
been worn away, but stand out on the polished surface as if no
friction had ever taken place. The fractured surfaces of most of
the flinty substances (flint, agate, chalcedony, opal, &c.) show a
number of concentric circles, which are slightly elevated and which
would be first affected by friction. In the polished flints from
Knowle these concentric circles have not been affected but stand
out plainly from the surface, showing no sign of rubbing. In one

1 I mention this on the authority of Mr. Story Maskelyne who has also
given me the suggestions as to the origin of the polish.

L 2

144 On the Palaeolithic Flint Implements f rom Knoivle.

specimen, too, a small part of the old patina has been left, which
has the glassy coating on it and all the inequalities plainly marked.
One other explanation has been suggested, and this has not the
strong objection there is to those already given, i.e., that the polish
may be due to a liquid opaline silica (hyaline) having been deposited
on the chalcedonoid surface of the flint. There is, of course, the
great difficulty with this suggestion that there is nothing to account
for the presence of the opaline silica. It is necessary to realise
the presence of some geyserous spring rising in this small locality
and overspreading the flints with which it came in contact. The
polish does occur on both worked and unworked flints, and is
certainly confined to a limited area, probably only two or three
yards square, and, in spite of its difficulties, this explanation is the
one that I have felt bound to accept, the absence of all traces of
friction rendering the acceptance of either of the others impossible.

As regards the polish seen on the Knowle flints, both worked
and unworked, and referred to in the above papers by the Messrs.
Cunnington and Mr. S. B. Dixon, it may be worth noticing the
fact that I have carefully looked through, during the last two
years, several museums — including the British Museum and the
Blackmore Museum, at Salisbury — in the vain endeavour to find
anything at all resembling the glassy polish of these Wiltshire
flints. The British Museum has some specimens from Egypt with
a certain polish, but this polish is not in any degree comparable
with that found at Knowle. The only examples that I have ever
been able to find, or hear of, possessing a polish which can be
compared with that on the flints in question is to be found on two
fine specimens of " spades," or " hoes," from South America in the
magnificent collection of flint implements from all parts of the
world deposited at the Guildhall Museum at Winchester. They

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber. 145

are oval flat implements of apparently a light-coloured chert, and
for about one-third of their length, at the cutting end, they exhibit
an extraordinarily brilliant polish. By the kindness of Mr.
Dixon I was enabled to compare with these implements some of
the best specimens of the Knowle polish, and when held side by
side in the hand it must be confessed that though the Knowle
flints were perhaps the most " glassy," the American implements
ran them very close. It seems worth while to point out to en-
quirers into the origin of the Knowle polish the existence of these
implements, because in their case it seems clear that the polish
(which is only seen at the cutting end) must have arisen from their
use in sandy soil. Their evidence, therefore, so far as it goes, is
distinctly on the side of the sand polish theory, difficult as that
seems to be to accept on some other grounds.

E. H. GODDARD.

^ HE decrees and orders of the Court of Star Chamber are

lost; they were reported as missing in 1719, and no trace
of them has been discovered since that time. A very considerable
quantity, however, of the pleadings in their court, bills, answers, and
depositions are still in existence. Twenty-six bundles of such
matter were calendared in the 49th Eeport of the Deputy Keeper
of the Public Records (1888), and this list has been amplified and
brought down to a later date in a recent volume of the valuable
series of " Lists and Indexes " issued from the same office.

Many of the cases in this collection are incomplete ; a stray bill
or stray answer is all that remains. We may account ourselves

146

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

the more fortunate, accordingly, that in the pleadings, here tran-
scribed, nothing appears to be wanting. We have the bill, the
answer, the replication, and the rejoinder. We have the in-
terrogatories, and the depositions of witnesses thereon, in support
of the plaintiff's case. Then we have the King's commission with
interrogatories, on either side, annexed, with the Commissioners'
report of the depositions made before them, engrossed and returned
with the commission. We have rebutting evidence, taken on fresh
interrogatories, on the plaintiff's behalf, and finally a re-examination,
on further interrogatories on the defendant's behalf, of certain of
the plaintiff's witnesses.

The decree of the court is not to be found, as we have mentioned.
In lieu of it, we may perhaps be allowed to make some observations
on the whole case hereafter. For the present it will be sufficient
to note the extreme appositeness of the proceedings to the observa-
tions previously made (Wilts Arch. Mag., xxx., ]30-l) as to the
effect of conventual leases.

" To the Kyng oure mooste dred souerayn lord.
" In mooste humble wyse shewen and complaynen vnto youre Highnes
youre true and faythfull subiectes Benett Jeye of Puryton in youre Countye
of Wyltes Gent' and Isabelle hys wyfe doughtour of Eychard Pulley and
Margaret hys wyfe deceassed That where oon Eychard then Abbott of the
late Monastery of oure blessed lady the vyrgyn and saynt Aldelme of
Malmesbury in youre seyd County of Wyltes' was laufully seysed in hys
demeane as of fee in the ryght of the seyd Monastery of and in the lordship
of Puryton aforeseyd wyth thappurtenaunces / And the seyd Abbott so beyng
therof seysed and the Covent of the seyd late Monastery by theyr dede in-
dentyd sealed with the seales of the seyd Abbott and Covent beryng date the
iiijth daye of Septembre in the vijth yere of the Eeygn of youre mooste dere
father oure late Souerayn lord Kyng Henry the viijth [4th Sept., 1515] by
oon assente and consente Dyd demyse graunt and confyrme to the seyd
Eychard Pulley and Margarett hys wyfe and to Ambrose Edmond Isabelle
and Gyles chyldern of the seyd Eychard Pulley and Margarett the syte of
the seyd Manor of Puryton wyth thappurtenances and the parsonage of
Puryton aforeseyd wyth all Tythes and landes to the seyd scyte and parsonage
perteynyng or belongyng And also almaner Tythes what so euer of and in
the seyd lordship of Puryton to the offyce of the Chaumberleyn of the seyd
late Monastery perteynyng Wyth all and syngler theyr appurtenaunces /
Thadvouson of the vycarege there wardes maryages homages releyffes eschetes
bondmen to the same Manor belongyng courtes and letes of the seyed Manor
wyth all and syngler amercymentes and proffyttes what so euer extrayes
aboue the value of \js. viijc/. fynes of landes harryettes and rentes

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

147

of all the tenauntes of the seyd Manor as well fre as bond or
customery and all landes tenementes or holdes of all the seyd customery
tenauntes of the seyd Manor or woodes and vnderwoodes wyth thappur.
tenaunces growyng in or apon the seyd Manor and all the demayne
landes then in the handes of any of theyr tenauntes demysed for terme of
lyfe yeres or at wyll wyth the rentes of the same to the seyd Abbott and
Covent and theyr Successors except and reseruyd To haue and hold the seyd
Manor and parsonage together with the seruyces of the customery tenauntes
and other the premyssez / except before exceptyd / to the seyd Rychard and
Margaret Ambrose Edmond Isabell and Gyles from the feast of seynt Michell
tharchaungell nexte ensuyng the date of the seyd indenture for terme of theyr
lyves and the longyst lyuer of them / Yeldyng therefore yerely to the seyd
Abbott and Covent and theyr successors for the seyd Manor wyth thappur-
tenaunces ix^'. and for the seyd parsonage, xijli. and also payng to the seyd
Abbot and Covent and theyr successors or to the Chaumberleyn of the seyd
Monastery for the tyme beyng for the tythes to thoffyce of the seyd Chaum-
berleyn belongyng xls. of laufull money of Englond to be payed yerely at
the feastes [of J Thannunciacion of oure lady and saynt Mychell Tharchaungell
by euyn porcions And yt was further couenauntyd and agreyd by the seyd
dede indentyd that the seyd Rychard Margaret Ambrose Edmond Isabell
and Gyles shold haue and perceyue yerely xx loodes of wood for parte of
theyr fuell to be takyn of and in the wood of Bradon by thassygnement and
ouer syght of the woodward there for the tyme beyng at the costes of cuttyng
downe and cariage of the seyd Rychard Margaret Ambrose, Edmond Isabell
and Gyles, duryng the seyd terme and the resydue of theyr necessary fuell
to be taken and perceyued yerely of bowes and loppyng of trees of and apon
the demayne landes of the seyd Manor yf yt myght be convenyently there
taken And also the seyd Abbott and Covent by theyr seyd dede dyd make
theyr laufull attorneys John Frankelyn clerk then vycar of the parysshe
churche of Puryton aforeseyd and John Precy to delyuer possessyon and
seysen of and in the premyssez to the seyd Rychard Margarett Ambrose
Edmond Isabell and Gyles accordyng to theffect of the seyd indentur /
and they delyueryd seysed [sic] therof accordyngly as by the seyd dede
indentyd amonges other thynges more playnly apereth. Byforce wherof the
seyd Rychard Pulley and Margarett and other before namyd entred into the
premyssez and were therof seysed in theyr demeane as of frehold And so
beyng therof seysed the seyd Rychard Pulley dyed And sythen the seyd
Margarett Ambrose Edmond and Gyles be also deceassed and your seyd
oratryce oonly survyued and maryed the seyd Benett Jeye / Byforce wherof
your seyd orators entred into the premysses in the right of the seyd Isabell
and were and yett be therof seysed in theyr demeane as of frehold in the
right of the seyd Isabell for terme of her lyfe byforce of the seyd indentur
and lease and haue occupyed and enyoyed the same peacybly by the space of
iij yeres and more / And so yt ys moost drad souerayn lord that the xxixth
daye of January last past [29th Jan., 1547-8J oon Sir Edmond Bridges knyght
who hath obteyned the reuercion of the premysses to hym and theyres males
of his body James More John Bradeley otherwyse Tayler Gabryell Rede and
other ryotous persons to your oratourz vnknowen to the nombre of xij persons

148

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

with force and armes riotously and ayenst your peace assembled themselfes
togeyther at Puryton aforeseyd and then and there in forcyble maner arayed
that is to say with staves swyrdes and other weapens of warre with force and
armes riotously ayenst your peace dyd forcybly entre into the dwellyng house
of your seyd oratours at Puyrton aforeseyd parcell of the premysses your
seyd oratourz beyng bothe absent from theyr seyd house / and apon George
Browne Jane Webbe and Agnes Symkes beyng seruantes to your seyd
supplyantes then beyng within the seyd house in goddes peace and yours with
force and armes riotously dyd make an assaulte and them then and there dyd
beate and putt in danger of theyr lyves / And aftur the seyd riotous entre in
forme aforeseyd so made the seyd riotous persons dyd breke open a wolle
house dore of your seyd oratourz there contraiy to your highnes lawes and
peace / And the vth daye of the moneth of February last past [5th Feb.,
1547-8] aboutes mydnyght oon James More John Edward and oon Pyrry
servauntes of the seyd Sir Edward Bridges and by his commandement at
Puryton aforeseyd with lyke force and armes riotously and forcybly
dyd breke and entre into the duff house of your seyd orators and
all the dowves of your seyd orators beyng above iijc cowple then
and there dyd kyll dystroye and feare awey to the vtter decaye and
dystruccion of the seyd duff house / And also the seyd Sr Edmond Brydges
doyth comonly vse to put his horsez into the Courte of your seyd orators
amonges his cattail to eate and destroye suche haye as the catall of your seyd
oratourz be fothered with / and hath so beaten and threapened the seruantes
of your seyd orators beyng at ploughe and aboute theyr other laufull busynes
so that they or any of them dare scasely goo out of the house / And yet the
seyd Sir Edmond Brydges of his further malyce at Eastur last past wold not
suffre your seyd subiectes to resceyue suche tythes as were to them due in
the seyd parysshe of Puryton byforce of theyr seyd indentur / but kepeth
the same from youre seyd oratours ayenst all right and conscyence and also
the seyd Sir Edmond Bridges hath vnlawfully entred into xix acres of land
at Puryton aforeseyd parcell of the premysses demysed by the seyd indentur
and the same doyth occupye and taketh the proffyttes thereof to his owne vse
without any laufull tytle thervnto / and also where your seyd orators ought
to haue yerely xx loodes of wood for parte of theyr fuell to be taken of and in
the wood of Bradon aforeseyd the seyd Sir Edmond Brydges wyll not suffre
youre seyd subiectes to fell and cary awey the seyd xx loodes ne any parte
therof but the same doyth vtterly denye and withhold from youre seyd
supplyauntes / and also the seyd Sir Edmond hathe caused lxx trees and moo
to be cutt downe in oon of the seuerall pasters of youre seyd orators and
there letteth them lye to dystroye the gresse of your seyd orators to his grete
losse and damage / and also the Bereward and Cooke of the seyd Sir Edmond
do dayly breke vp and cary awey the hedges of your seyd supplyauntes
from his seuerall pasterz so that by reason therof aswell the cattail
of the seyd Sir Edmond as the catall of other persons do eate vp
and dystroye the corne and gresse of youre seyd subiectes to theyr
grete losse and hyndraunce / And also at suche tymes as your seyd subiectes
haue inpoundyd any cattail of the seyd Sir Edmondes or of any other persons
for suche trespassez as they haue don in theyr corne and gresse the seyd Sir

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

149

Edmond hymself and oon Bradeley his seruante haue brokyn opyn the
seyd pound and putt out the seyd cattail / And also oon John Bridges and
James More seruauntes to the seyd Sir Edmond and by his commandement
at ij or iij seuerall tymes haue entred into the courte of your seyd subiectes
wyth a hand gun and then and there dyd shote and kyll with the seyd gun
the hennes and capons of youre seyd subiectes and dayly shoteth at his doves
and pultry And also he the seyd John Brydges dyd shote a pellett out of the
seyd gun into youre seyd subiectes kechyn by reason wherof youre seyd
supplyauntes ne eyther of them dare not abyde in theyr seyd house for daunger
of theyr lyves / And yet the seyd Sir Edmond not so contentyd of his further
malycyous mynd sythen youre seyd subiectes cam from theyr seyd house
hathe caused his seruauntes to put his horsez into the seuerall pasterz and
corne feydes of your seyd supplyauntes to eate and dystroye theyr corne and
gresse and doyth manesse and threpen your seyd supplyauntes seruauntes
that they ne any of them dare not dryve ne putt the seyd horsez out of the
corne and gresse of your seyd supplyauntes /

And also the seyd Sir Edmund Brydgys of hys further malycious
mynde and develyshe intent aboute thexth daye of Marche last past [10th
March, 1547-8] hath procured and caused oon Henry Brydges hys brother
and hys Berewarde to cum and entre into a certein pasture called Wynde-
myll Hyll beying parcell of the premyssez where as your seyd subiectes
kyne and theyr calues were then and there pasturyng and to take oon
calfe of your seyd subiectes and to cutt the tayle of the same calue hard
by the rompe and to stone or cutt of the ereis of the same calue nere by
the hedde and also to cutt of the clawes of the fete of the same calue. /
And further the seyd Sir Edmunde Brydges hath at dyuerz and sundry tymes.
nowe of late caused and commaunded hys seyd Bereward and dyuerz other
of hys seruauntes to lede and brynge a beyre of hys into the seyd pasture
called Wyndemyll Hyll and the same persons dyd there lett the same beyre
lose and putt grett dogges at the same beyre so that by reason therof iij of
your seid subiectes kyne beyng then there in the same pasture and beyng
grett with calues dyd not only cast theyr calues but also the same kyne and
calues dyd then within iij or iiij dayes next ensuyng dye vppon such euyll
handlyng fere and chacyng as they then had by reason of the seyd beyre and
dogges so then beyng in the same pasture to the damages of your subiectes
of iiij poundes. / Also oon Jamys Moore and other of the seruantes of the
seyd Sir Edmund Brydges haue nowe lately to wytte aboute the xxvjth daye
of Februarye last past [26th February, 1547-8] by the procurement of the
seyd Sir Edmund Brydges cast downe and caried into a welle of your seid
subiectes beyng at hys seyd Mancion house oon cart lode of dunge and other
thynges which welle dyd serue hys seyd house aswell to brewe bake and to
dresse mete with all as for all other necessarye thynges in the same house
vsed. / so that by occasion therof the water of the same welle was clene
dystroyed vntyll the tyme your seyd subiectes dyd clene the same welle ayen./
And furthermore where as oon John Ware Wylliam Webbe and John
Wevyngdyd at the request of your seyd subiectes nowe of late lye in hys seyd
house at such tyme as he was absent from the same the seyd Sir Edmund
Brydges hath nowe of late so threpened and manassed them that they ne

150

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any of them dare not cum ne approche to the seyd house of your seyd
subiectes for feare of their lyues. / And the seyd Sir Edmund Brydges hath
lately so threpened and feared your seyd subiectes seruaunttes which were
laborers in husbandry at hys seyd Mancion house that they by reason therof
and for feare of bodely hurt dare not go aboute the necessarye busynes of
your seyd subiectes. / And moreouer when so euer your seyd subiectes beyng
destytute of seruauntes and laborers doith hyre any of theyr neyghbours
beyng laborers as carpenters heggers thresshers and other workemen the seyd
Sir Edmund Brydges doith so handle threpen and manasse the same worke-
men so that they ne any of them dare not for danger of theyr lyues contynue
in any worke with your seyd subjectes. So that by reason therof your seyd
subiectes can not haue any of theyr neyghbours ne laborers there nere adioyn-
aunt to labour or do any worke with hym for feare of the seyd Sir Edmund
and so ys lyke nowe schortely in haruest tyme to susteyne grett losse and
damage for lacke of laborers./ Aud the seyd Sir Edmund Brydges doith daylly
cause hys gottes to be putt into the come of your seyd subiectes growyng
vppon parcell of the premyssez so that the same gottes doon daylly dystroye
and perysshe moche part of the same corne and your seyd subiectes dare not
for feare of theyr lyues put out ne dryue the same furth of theyr seyd corne /
By reason wherof your seyd subiectes ar-lyke to be vtterly vndoon on les
some spedy remedye be herein schortely had and prouyded. / In consyderacion
wherof pleaseth yt your Hyghnes of your accustomed petye and justice to
grauntt your gracious writtes of subpena with iniunccions in the same to be
dyrectid to the seyd Sir Edmond Brydges and thother lyke offenders com-
mandyng and enyoynyng them by the same that they ne any other by the
procurement or commandement of the seyd Sir Edmund doo no further
medell with the seyd premyssez ne any parcell thereof but suffre your seyd
snbiectes peacybly to occupy e and enyoye the same with out interupcion or
lett of the seyd Sir Edmund or any other by hys or theyr commandement
meanes procurement and assent vntyll a further ordre therin be taken by
your Highnes Councell herin / and also to appere personally in your Sterre
Chambre at Westminster at a certen daye therin to be appoynted there to
aunswer to the premyssez / and to be further ordred therin accordyng to right
and justice. / And your seyd subiectes wyll daylly praye to god for the
preseruacion of your moost royall maiesties estate in honour longe try-
umphantly to endure. /"

" Robert Broke."

Endorsed :

" Jay versus Brydges,

Retorn' octabis Trinitatis." [8th June, 1548.]

Star Chamber Proceedings, JSdward VI.
Bundle J., No. 39.

" The Awnswer of Sir Edmounde Brigges vnto the Sclaunderose bill of
Compleint of Bennet Joy and Isabell his wife.

" The said defendaunt seith that the same bill of Compleint ys vncerten
and verie vntrue and insufficient in the Lawe to be awnswerid vnto and the

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

151

matters therin conteyned and mencioned sclaunderosely sett furth by the said
Pleyntyffes to the onlie entent and purpose to bring the said Defendaunt into
yvell report and to dymynishe and take aweie thestimacion and credite that
the saide Defendaunt now ys with all the Kinges subiectes And for no iust
purpose nor cawse Neverthelesse thadvauntage of the insufficencie of the
same bill of Compleynt to the Defendaunt at all tymes savid For furder
awnswer saith that trew it is that the late King of famose memorie Henrie
the Eigth father to our most dredd soveraine Lord King Edward the sixte
being by good and iust title seasid in his demeasne as of fee of and in the
manor and lordship of Puryton in the said bill of Compleynt specyfied with
the landes tenementes and hereditamentes to the same manor belonging
late parcell of the possessions and heredytamentes of the late Monasterie of
Maumbesburie in the County of Wiltes mencioned in the said bill of compleynt
And that the same late King so being seised of the said manor with all the
landes and tenementes to the same belonging by his most gracious letters
patentes vnder the greate seale Dated the xiiijth day of Maij in the xxxvjth
yere of his most noble Keign [14th May, 1544] emongest other manors landes
and tenementes in the same letters patentes conteynid gave and graunted to
the same defendaunt and to the heirs maales of his bodie begotten the said
manor of Puryton with the landes tenementes and hereditaments to the same
belonging with thappurtenaunces As in the said bill is alleagid by force
wherof the said Defendaunt is seised therof in his demeasne as of Fee Taile
that is to sey to him and to the heirs maales of his bodie begotten. And the
said Defendaunt furder saith that the xxixth daie of Januarie last past
[29th January, 1547-8] mencioned in the same bill of Compleynt by reason
of thappointment of the Kinges Majesties Visitors within the said Countie of
Wiltes one John Messenger being oue of the Wardens of the Parishe Churche
of Puryton aforsaid with diverse of his neybours repeired to the said Church
And ther pulled downe all Images and Idolls within the said Church according
to the commaundement in that behalf and as hit became true subiectes to
doo which after theie soo did they didd shutt and put all the same Images in
a corner of the Churche Appoynting them to be sold and the money therof
comming to be put into the poors mens box ther to such vsez as by the said
Visitors hit was appoynted And after the said Church Wardens and Parishoners
had soe doone they departyd And within three owers then folowing certeine of
the said parishe came to the howse of the said Defendaunt he being at diner
saing to him that one Browne and one Jaakes and other the seruauntes of
the said pleyntyffes had stollen (as they thought) the Image of Seint George
owzt of the Church of Puryton aforsaid desiering his ayde therin. Whervpon
the said Defendaunt after dyner went to the mancion howse of- the said
Pleyntyfes And ther in the court being desierid to speke with the said Browne
and other the seruauntes of the said pleyntyffes And also did sent for the
said Jaakes being a dweller in the said Towne of Puryton and reteynour to
the said Pleyntyffs and other the seruauntes of the said Pleyntyffes whoo
came to the said Defendaunt and vpon examynacyon confessid the taking of
the seid Image and that they had sett him vp in the'house in such like soort as
the same stode in the Church Whervpon the said Defendaunt appoynted
the same Browne and Jaakes to carie ageine the same Image to church who

152

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

soo meyntenutly dydd withouzt that the said Sir Edmound Bridges with
James More and other his seruauntes in the said bill of compleynt mencioned
to the nombre of xij persons did ryoteosely assemble them selvis at Puryton
aforsaid on the said xxixth day of Januarij or at any other tyme did enter
into the house of the said Pleyntyffes or did ther make any assawte vpon the
said George Browne or any other the seruauntes of the said Pleyntyffes
mencioned in the said bill Or did then beate any of them or put them or
any of them in danger of their livys Or that the said Defendaunt with other
in said bill of compleynt [mencioned] did with force or otherwise breke vp
any wole house of the said pleyntyffes as in the same bill verie sclaunderosely
and vntrulye ys alleagid Or that Jamys More John Edwardes and Perie
seruauntes vnto the said Defendaunt by his comaundement or otherwise the
vth day of Februarie mencioned in the said bill of compleynt did enter with
force or ryoteosly or other wise the duffehouse of the said Pleyntyffes at
Puryton aforesaid or any of their dovis dyd take away destroy or kill to the
Defendauntes knowleage But were at the same tyme at their rest As verie
vntrulie by the said Pleyntyffes is also alleagid And without that that yf any
such leasse wer made by the said Abbott and Covent of the late Monasterie
of Maumesburie mencioned in the said bill of Compleynt as by the same is
surmysed that the same is or evir was of any efficacie or strengith in the
Lawe For that that the said lyuerie and seisen was never given therof by
John Frankleine Clerk and John Precie or by any of them as by the said bill
is surmysed And yf any such liverie were yet the said Defendaunt saith that
the same avayleth not to the said Isabell nor she any thing can clayme
therbie for that the seid Isabell at the tyme of the said surmysed leasse to
be made was not borne nor come into the orlde. Or that the said Defendaunt
at any tyme hath put or vsed to put his horsis in to the coort of the said
Pleyntyffes for any such purpose in the said bill vntrulye declared And
without that the said Defendaunt did ever beatt or manasse the seruauntes of
the said Pleyntyffes But in a certen tyme wheras the Defendaunt had one of
his horses going in the High weie and vnder the wall of the said Pleyntyffes
the said Pleyntyffes commaunded George Browne his seruaunt to kill the
same horse Whervpon the same Browne standing vpon the wall threwe
greatt stoonys vpon the horse and soo brake his back Wherof the said De-
fendaunt knowing said vnto the said Browne yf he soo vsid his cattell he
wold provide worthie ponyshment for him And then with a little rodd or
wand which he held in his hand gave the said Browne ij or iij strips abought
the shulders in the waie of correccion And withouzt that the seruauntes of
the seyd Pleyntyffes dare not abide at their plough and work or goo oute of
the house of the said Pleyntyffes for feare of the said Defendaunt and his
servauntes. Or that the said Sir Edmound wold not suffer the said Playntyff
to receaue their Twyths at Ester last or was any lett therof or that he kepith
away any Tewyths from the said Pleyntyffes which they ought lawfullye to
haue as in the said bill ys lykewise sclaunderously alleagid. Or that the said
Sir Edmounde hath vnlawefully enterid into xix acres of land at Puryton
aforesaid or that they ar parcell of the scite of the said manor let to the said
Pleyntyffes as they have surmysed Or that the Defendaunt hath done therin
otherwise than he mought lawfully doo by the lawes of this Kealme For the

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

153

said Defendaunt saith that the said Pleyntyffes occupieng the said parcell of
xjxtene acres 0f ian(j at the will of the said Defendaunt and not by any lease
or lawfull interest And vppon dyscharge yeven to them by the said De-
fendaunt they did clerely give up the same into thandes of the said Defendaunt
at a coort holden at Puryton aforesaid in the presence of diverse ther. And
withoute that the said Edmounde Brigges hath denyed or restreyned the
Pleyntyffes of having of certen woodes in Braadon according to the purport of
their surmysed leasse but the said Defendaunt saith that that he hath permytted
and given to the said Pleyntyffes for every ther lodes of woodd demanded
asmoch as xvj oxen could drawe awey vp an hyll adioyning to the same wodd
called Bradon. Or that the said Defendaunt hath sufferid or doth suffer
certen his trees which he hath cutt doune as lawfull was for him soe to doo
to lie fur purpose to destroye the grasse of the said Pleyntyffes but hath and
doth and so myndyth to carie the same awey with asmoch spede as he may
haue cariage and as the tyme of the yere shall serue And withoute that the
bereward and Coke of the said defendaunt haue ether broken or caried awey
the hedges of the said Pleyntyffes from their severall pastur to the defendauntes
knowleage or that by reason of any suche actes the corne of the said Pleyn-
tyffes hath bin destroid by the catell of the said Defendaunt or any other
persons as vntrulie ys alleagid Or that the said Defendaunt vpon the
pounding of the said cattell or any other persons by the said Pleyntyffes hath
broken any pounde or caused any such pounde to be broken or so delyverid
any cattell ther being ageinst any lawe therof provided Or that one Bridges
and Jamys More seruauntes to the said Sir Edmound dyd at any tyme by
the comaundement of the said Sir Edmound or otherwise enter into the coort
of the said Pleyntyffes or ther did shote at or kill any ther hennes or kapons
with a hand gunne or that they doo or have daylie shott at the doves or
pultrie of the said Pleyntyffes as verie naughtelie and contrarie to all truth is
surmysed and alleaged Aud withoute that the sayd Briges dyd at any tyme
shoote a pellot out of a hand gunne into the kyechin of the said compleyn-
auntes to the said Defendauntes knowleage Nor that therbie the said
Pleyntyffes haue any pecacion to absent them selvis from their howsez for
daunger of their livis Or that the said Defendaunt at any tyme hath caused
his tenauntes to put their horsis into the severall pasture and corne fyldes
of the said Pleyntyffes to thentent to destroie their corne or grasse nor that
they were put ther at any tyme And without that the said Defendaunt the
said tenth day of March last past or at any other tyme did procur and cause
the said Henrie Bridges his brother being a child of tenne yeres of age and
his bereward or any of them to goo into a certen parcell of pastur called
Wyndmyll Hyll being parcell of the premisses whereas the said Pleyntyffes
supposed ther kyne and calves to bee or that theie then by the said Defen-
dauntes comaundement toke one calf of the said Pleyntyffes or cuttof the
tayle of him / or cutof the yeares of the said calf nere by the hedd or cutt his
clawes by any comaundement appoyntment or condiscent of the said
Defendannt as most sclaunderosely is also surmysed For the same Defen-
daunt saith he was never acknolege therof nor at home when the same was
done. But vpon relacion thereof made to him he did not onlie correct his
said brother being a verie childe and his seruaunt the bereward which is

154 Pur ton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

knowen a naturall foole but considering the naughtie act done by them he
sent his seruauntes with a crowne of vs to the said Pleyntyffes to recompence
them for their calf which was but ij dayes old not worth soo moch money to
all mens iudgment Or that the said Defendaunt at any tyme hath comaunded
or cawsed his said bereward or any other his servauntes to leade or bring
any beare of his into the same pasture called Wyndmyll Hyll or that any
such bere was thither brought to the knowleadge of the said Defendaunt at
any tyme or that the same beere was ther lett loose or that any dogges were
ther put to him or that any such act or thing was done by reason wherof the
said Pleyntyffes [kyne] in the same pastur being great with calf dyd cast
their calvis Or that any such kyne and calvis diedd within iij or iiij daies by
such meanis as is also vntruly declared or that the said Pleyntyffes by reason
of any such thing susteyned any damage losse or hinderaunce Or that Jamys
More or any other the seruauntes of the said [Defendaunt] abought the
xxvth day of Februarie last past by the procurement of the said Sir Edmound
or otherwise to his knowleage did cast downe or carie into a well of the said
Pleyntyffes one cart loode of doung or any other thing or that any such act
was done wherby the water in the said well was destroied or that for the same
the said Pleyntyffes neded to dense hit. Nor that the said Defendaunt hath
at any tyme feared or thretenyd John Ware AVilliam Webb and John Wevyng
soo that by any such meanis they have refreyned to come or lie in the house
of the said Pleyntyffes but that yf such restrayning be by the said parties
hit is onlie by the naughtie and divelyshe demeaning of the said Pleyntyffes
specyally the said Isabell whose detestable condicions ar openlie knowen to
all the cuntrey Nor that the said Ware Webb and Weving doo wythdrawe
them sealvis for fearre of ther lyvis from the house of the said Pleyntyffes
nor that any suche occacion hath ever byn [g]yven by the said defendaunt
or any other his seruantes as vntruly is alleagid And without that the said
Defendaunt hath so manassed the said Pleyntyffes seruauntes that they dare
not go abought the necessarie businesse of the said Pleyntyffes Or that the
said Defendaunt hath by any such meanis occasioned the said Pleyntyffes
hynderaunce of the seruice in husbandrie of his seruauntes or that they have
anye cause of feare of bodelie hurt mynystred at the said Defendauntes
handes or by his procurement or sufferaunce Or that the said Defendaunt
doth or at any time hath manassed any laborers or workmen coming to the
said compleynauntes being other their neighbors or other foreiners or that by
any such meanis the pleyntyffes haue lost and susteyned hinderaunce in
their work or that any such laborers or workmen dare not work
with the said Compleynauntes for feare of their livis or that any
such occacion hath bin to them given by the said Defendaunt as
in the said bill most vntrulie is alleagid Nor that by reason of any
manassing the said Compleynauntes ar anything hinderyd. of the
having of their neybours or adioyment [of] laborers to work with them or
travell in their necessarie doinges Or that in harvest tyme next comyng
the said Pleyntyffes shall have or susteyne any maner of hinderaunce by the
said Defendaunt as vntrulye by them ys alleagid But yf any such preiudice
or hinderaunce or like myshapp chaunce to the said Pleyntyffes it ys and
wilbe onlie by ther owne procurement and purchasse for that their evell and

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

155

most vntrue dealing with pore men causith them to refreyne and not to
work with the said Pleyntyffes which before tyme they have done only for
feare because the said pleyntyffes being farmors of the said manor before the
coming of the said Sir Edmund Briges to the same as aforesaid did rule and
had in most bounden subiection all or most part of the tenauntes of the said
lordship wher now they [ar] desierose to please and doo their dew seruice to
the said Sir Edmound the said Pleyntyffes repyning and grudgyng greatly at
the same haue made and caused this most sclaunderose and vntrue bill
to be made And without that the said Defendaunt at any tyme causid his
gottes being but ij to be put into any the corne of the said Pleyntyffes or that
they at any tyme came into any parcell of the corne Or that yf they were or
came thither that the said Pleyntyffes had euer any maner of occacion given
whie they shuld feare their livis in putting or chasing the saide gootes oute
of the saide corne nor that the said ij gootes had bin in the said corne that
therby the Pleyntyffes had or cold haue any such hinderaunce or grett losse
therin as most vntruly is alleagid for that the said Defendaunt hath not had
the said ij gottes aboue fortnight next before Whytsontyde last past And
without that the said Defendaunt ys gyltie of any ryott force or other mysde-
meanour supposed to be done by the said Defendaunt in the said bill of
Compleynt And without that any other matters in the said most sclaunderose
bill not traversed nor confessid and avoided nor awnswerid vnto is true in
any parte therof &c."

Endorsed :

" Watson of the Inner Temple."

Star Chamber Proceedings, Edward VI.
Bundle 7., No. 39.

" The [replicaci] on of Bennett Jey and Isabell hys wyf[e to the awnsw]er
of Sir Edmund Brydges Knyght

" The seyd compleynauntes sey that the byll of compleynt ys certen true
and suffycyent in the Lawe to be aunswerid vnto and that the matters therin
conteyned ar not sclaunderously sett [forth] by the seyd Compleynauntes to
any such intent and purpose as in the seyd answer ys vntruely surmysed. /
And further seyen in all and euery thyng as they before haue seyd in theyr
seyd byll of Compleynt and doo auerre and maynteyn all and euery thyng
materyall therein comprised to be good and true in maner and forme as in
the same byll ys declared. / Without that that the seyd Browne named in the
seyd Aunswer or any of the seruauntes of the seyd Compleynauntes dyd
steyle the seyd Image of Seynt George out of the seyd Church of Puryton as
ys sclaunderously and malicyously surmysed for the seyd Compleynauntes
seyen that oon of the Church Wardens of the same Churche of Puryton
caused the seyd Image to be brought to the seyd Mancion House of the seyd
Compleynauntes / the seyd Compleynauntes then beyng absent from the
seyd house for that that the seyd Benett Jey was an other of the Churche
Wardeyns of the same Churche. / Without that that the seyd Brown or any of the
seruauntes of the seyd Compleynauntes vppon any examynacion confessed any
such takyng or steylyng of the seyd Image as ys vntruely surmysed. / Or that

156

Pur ton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

they had sett vp the same Image in the seyd Mancion House of the seyd
Compleynauntes in such lyke sorte as the same stode in the seyd Churche of
Puryton as ys vntruely surmysed in the seyd aunswer / For the seyd Com-
pleynauntes sey that the seyd Image was leyd in a wolle house of theyrs beyng
at the seyd Mancion House by the meanes and occasion of the seyd Churche
Warden and John Ware Constable there / Without that that the seyd lease
made by the seyd late Abbott and Covent of the seyd late Monasterye of
Malmesbury mencioned in the seyd bill of Compleynt ys not no neuer was
of any effycacye or strenght in the lawe. / Or that lyuerey of seysen was
neuer gyuyn therof by the seyd John Frankleyn clerke and John Precye nor
by eyther of them as ys alsoe vntruely surmysed in the seyd Aunswer / For
the seyd Compleynauntes seyen that the seyd John Precy beyng named and
auctoryzed Attorney by vertue of the seyd dede indentid to delyuer possession
and seysen of and in the premyssez to the seyd Kychard Margarett Ambrose
Edmond Isabell and Gyles dyd execute the same accordyngly in due forme
of the lawe / without that that the same lyuerey of seyseyn avayleth not to
the seyd Isabell or that the same Isabell cannot clayme any thyng therby /
Or that the seyd Isabell at the tyme of the makyng of the seyd lease was not
borne nor come into the world as ys lykewyse vntruely craftely and vn-
charytably surmysed in the seyd Aunswer. / Or that the seyd Compleynauntes
commaunded the seyd George Brown to kyll any horse of the seyd Defen-
dauntes / or that therapon the same Browne standyng vppon a walle threwe
any grett stones vppon any horse of the seyd Defendauntes / or brake the
backe of any horse of the seyd Defendauntes as ys vntruely and sclaunderously
surmytted to thentent to stoppe part of the manyfold wronges which the
seyd Defendaunt hath doon to the seyd Compleynauntes / which crafte
and subtyltie they doubte not schall nothing serve ne cloke the abomy-
nable wronges doon to them by the seyd Defendaunt. / And forasmoche as
the seyd Defendaunt hath confessed the beatyng of the seyd Brown and for
that he hath so beatyn and yvyll handled the seyd Brown in maner and
forme as in the seyd byli of compleynt ys allegid the seyd Compleynauntes
prayen therof their remedye and iudgement with condigne ponysshement to
to be putt apon the seyd Defendaunt. / Without that that the seyd Com-
pleynauntes at any tyme occupyed the seyd parcell of xix acres of land at the
wylle of the seyd Defendaunt and not by any lease or laufull interest. / Or
that they vppon any dyscharge therof gyuyn vnto them by the seyd Defen-
daunt dyd clerely gyue vp the same xix acres or any parcell therof into the
handes of the seyd Defendaunt at any Court holden at Puryton aforseyd in
the presence of any persons there or other wyse as ys moost vntruely
surmysed in the seyd Answer. / Or that the seyd Defendaunt hath permytted
or gyuyn vnto the seyd Compleynauntes for euery theyr lodes of wodde
demaunded asmoche as xvj oxen could drawe awey / for the seyd Compleyn-
auntes sey that they neuer put mo oxen to drawe any lode of wodde there
but only viijth oxen to a lode onles yt were vp the stepe of an high hyll there for
then the seyd Compleynauntes and other neyghbours there as is vsed through
England vse to ioyne ij teames togeyther oon to helpe an other vntyll it be
drawen to the top of the hyll. / Without that that the seyd Defendaunt hath
doon hys endeueraunce for to haue caused the seyd trees mencyoned in the

To be bound up at page 156.
There is an error in paging here, pages 157 — 166 are left out.

Pur ton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

167

seyd byll of compleynt to haue been caried furth of the seyd ground / For
the seyd Compleynauntes sey that the seyd trees haue been fallen and ther
haue leyen and yet do there lye euer sythen Cristymas last past, without
that that the seyd Bereward named in the seyd byll of compleynt ys knowen
for an naturall fole or that he is a naturall fole in dede as ys vntruly allegid
in the seyd Aunswer / or that yf he were so that the seyd Defendaunt
knowyng the same myght lawfully kepe hym in such lyberalytie to hurt hys
neygbours / wherfore vppon the propre confession of the seyd Defendaunt they
demaunde iudgement with theyr costes and damages. / And forasmoch as
the seyd Defendaunt hath declared and confessed in hys seyd Aunswer the
cuttyng of the clawes of the seid calfe to be an naughty acte and to be doon
by the seyd Henry Brydges hys brother and by the seyd Bereward beyng
hys seruaunt the seyd Compleynauntes prayen therof remedye and their
iudgement. / With out that that the restraynyng of the seyd persons named
in the seyd byll of compleynt from the house and worke of the seyd Com-
pleynauntes is only by any naughtye or deuylysshe demeanyng of the seid
pleyntyffes or eyther of them as ys vntruely and sclanderously surmysed. /
Or that the seyd Isabell oon of the seyd pleyntyffes hath any detestable
condycions openly knowen to all the cuntrey there or otherwyse / or that she
ys of any detestable condycions as ys moost vntruely malycyously and
sclaunderously surmysed in the seyd Answer / And forasmoche as the seyd
Defendaunt hath so openly sclaunderid the seyd Isabell and not declared in
any thyng certen wherin she ys of yvyll or detestable condycions the seyd
compleynauntes prayen therof theyr iudgement with theyr costes and
damages. / without that that the seyd Compleynauntes or eyther of them
doith yvyll handle or vntruely deale with any pore men or laborers that
haue worked and labored with them or with any other or that they or any
of them by reason therof haue had any occasion to restrayne and not to
worke with the seyd playntyffes as is moost vntruely surmysed in the seyd
Aunswer./ or that any tennaunttes or other persons within the seyd lordschip
dyd com and repayre vnto or dyd any worke with the seyd pleyntyffes before
the commyng of the seyd Sir Edmund Brydges to the seyd lordschip for any
feare because the seyd pleyntyffes were then fermers of the seyd manor and
dyd rule or had in any bounden subiection all or any of the tenauntes of the
seyd lordschip as ys also vntruely imagyned in the seyd aunswer. / Or that
the seyd Compleynauntes do repugne or grudge at any of the seyd tenauntes
or at any othir person which desyre to please and to do due seruyce to the
seyd Defendaunt or that they by reason therof have caused any sclaunderous
or vntrue byll to be made ayenst the seyd Defendaunt. / For the seyd Com-
pleynauntes sey that they alwey haue been glade to please the seyd Defen-
daunt and have doon theyr due seruyce to hym contynually vntyll such tyme
as he began to handle and vse them in suche maner and sort as they have
declared in theyr seyd byll of compleynt. / And further they sey that the
seyd Defendaunt doith thus mysuse and mysdemeane them of a develysshe
malycious and vncharytable mynde to the only intent that he myght dryve
awey the seyd compleynauntes from the seyd ferme and to haue it hym selfe. /
Without that that any other thyng matteryall or effectuall in the lawe to be
replyed vnto conteyned in the seyd aunswer not herin suhicyently replied

VOL. XXXII.— NO. C. M

168

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

vnto confessed and avoyded or trauersed ys true. / All which matterz the
seyd Compleynaunttes ar redy to auerre and proue as thys honourable Court
wyll award / And pray en as they before haued prayed in theyr seyd byll of
Compleynt. /"

Star Chamber Proceedings, Edward VI.
Bundle I., No. 39.

"The Keioyndre of Sir Edmound Brigges Knight vnto the replicacion of
Benet Joy and Isabell hys wyfTe.

" The said Defendaunt saith in all and euery thyng as before he hath said
and avarryd in hys said aunswer And doth averr and meynteyne all and
every thyng materyall therin comprised to be good and true in maner
and forme as in the said awnswer ys alleagid without that that one of
the Church Wardens of the same Church of Puryton caused the said
Image to be brought to the said Mancion House of the said Compleyn-
auntes being an other of the Churchwardens as most vntruly in the
said replicacion ys alleagid Or that the said Image was leyd in a woll
house of the said Compleynauntes by the meanys of the said Church-
warden and the said John Ware Cunstable ther or by their comaunde-
ment And without that that the said John Precye was namyd and auctorised
attorney by the said surmysed dede Indentyd to delvuer possession and seisen
of the premyssez to the said Richard Margeret Ambrose Edmunde Elizabeth
and Gylys or did execute the same accordingly or made any lyuery of the
premisses to the dew forme and order of the lawe or that the said Elizabeth
was borne at the tyme of the said surmysed lesse made or lyuery gyven Or
that the said Defendaunt hath leyd any thyng in hys said awnswer to thentent
to stopp parte of the many fold wronges which he hath done to the pleyntyffes
or that he hath done any such wronges to the pleyntyffes as vntruly is alleagid
in the said replicacion and byll And without that the said Defendaunt hath
confessid the beatyng of the said Browne in his Awnswer to be in such soort
as in the said bill ys alleagyd Or that he dyd otherwise therin then he mought
lawfully doo. And without that that any of the trees of the said Defen-
dauntes lye in the grounde of the said Pleyntiffes in such soort as vntruly
and falsely in the said replicacion ys alleagid Or that upon any confession
of the Defendaunt touching the Bereward the Compleynauntes ar at any
hynderaunce or neded to susteyne any maner losse And without that that
the Pleyntyffes have byn glad to please the said Defendaunt or haue done
their dew and honest seruice as becomyd them to doo to the said Defendaunt
Or that the said Defendaunt doth mysvse or ivell entreate the same com-
pleynauntes for any suche purpose or entent as most sclaunderosely ys
alleagid in the said replicacion And without that that any other thyng
materyall in the said replicacion not reioyned vnto trauersed or avoyded ys
true All which matters &c.

Star Chamber Proceedings, Edward VI.
Bundle I., No. 29.

[To be continued.']

169

The Lesser Horseshoe Bat, BMnolophus hipposideros.

On capturing a bat which had come into the house here (Clyffe Pypard)
one night this autumn (1903), I found that it belonged to a species that
was quite unknown to me — the " Lesser Horseshoe Bat," distinguished
with its congener, the " Greater Horseshoe Bat," by the soft fluffiness
of its fur and by the extraordinary leaf-like appendage on its nose. Mr.
Meyrick, of Marlborough -College, tells me that the College Natural
History Society have no record of its occurrence. I find it stated, how-
ever, in Bell's British Quadrupeds, 1837, that "it was first taken by
Montagu in Wiltshire in a hollow over a baker's oven, having entered
the place through a small fissure, and afterwards in a dark old shed
surrounded by high trees, at Lackham, in the same county."

E. H. GoDDARD.

Skeletons of Man and Horse at Charnage. On August

16th, 1903, Mr. A. E. White, of Charnage, Mere, wrote :— " Within the
last few days the men in quarrying flint on my down have come across
first the skeleton of what appears to be a horse and then no doubt that
of a human being. The teeth of the latter are well preserved, but the
other bones are brittle, They were found in the trackway leading from
Charnage Gorge to the bottom end of Well Bottom, about half way, I
should think about 3ft. deep, on the top of the chalk." In answer to a
letter asking for further particulars of the discovery, and in particular
whether any relics of any kind were found with the bones, Mr. White
wrote "I am afraid I cannot give much more information respecting
the finding of the skeletons of horse and man on my down. I did not
hear of the discovery until after the whole of the bones had been taken
out, and I fear there was no real search made. There was no sign of
any mound, in fact it was right in a trackway, which no doubt formerly
was in constant use. From what I can gather from the quarrymen the
human bones were found in a sitting posture."

Horn an Coins at Great Cheverell. The following note

appears in the register of the Parish Church at Great Cheverell : — "A
parcell (about a gallon) of Roman copper coynes of ye Emperors fro
Gordianus to Tacitus was found in ye ffield called yc Sand by Ed Hobbs
ffebr 17 1695."

H. E. Medlicott.

B/Ollian Coins at At WOrth. Nine Roman small brass coins
found in a field at Atworth in 1902 have come into the possession of
Mr. E. C. Davey, of Bath, who has kindly given the following particulars.

M 2

170

Notes.

They consist of one of Claudius Gothicus, two of Constantine the Great,
one of Theodora (?) and five of worn types of Valentinian and Gratian.
They date from about A.D. 270 to 390,

E. H. Goddard.

Roman Interment and Pottery at Deptford, Wylye.

In July, 1898, two men named Smith, of Lavington, brought to the
Museum a Eoman vessel which they had found on the farm occupied by
Mr. E. J. Lush, at Deptford, in Wylye parish, earlier in the year. Their
story was that whilst digging clay for the repair of a pond they came
upon the vessel here illustrated " standing in a saucer-shaped thing,"

Roman Vessel found at Deptford, Wylye.

which was broken into bits. These bits they said they threw away, and
a skeleton which they found near the vessel they buried again. Mr.
Lush, the occupier of the farm knew nothing of this find, but as there
seemed no reason to doubt the men's word the vessel was purchased for
our Museum. Among the Roman pottery already there there is nothing
quite like it. It is an elegant vase or bottle-shaped vessel of good hard
red ware, with a broad band of dark slate-colour round the body, orna-
mented alternately with upright lines and two circles, in very slightly
raised white slip or colour, painted on quickly and carelessly. On the
under part of the body are three rows of simple indented " engine-turned "
ornament, one row of which forms the upper edge of the slate-coloured band.
It measures 7in. in height and lfin. across the base, its greatest diameter
being about 5in. The ware is not improbably of New Forest manufacture.

E. H. GODDAKD.

171

Wixlb §¥xhnx%.

The Rt. Hon. Sir Michael Herbert, K.C.M.G-.,

died at Davos (Switzerland), Sept. 30th, 1903, aged 46. Buried at
"Wilton. Born June 25th, 1857. 4th son of Sidney, 1st Lord Herbert of
Lea, and Elizabeth, Lady Herbert of Lea. Educated for the diplomatic
service, nominated an attache July, 1877, appointed to Paris, 1879, pro-
moted to third secretary 1880, second secretary 1883, transferred to
Washington 1888, where he married Leila, d. of Robert Wilson, an
American gentleman, became secretary of the legation 1892, transferred
to The Hague 1893, secretary to the embassy at Constantinople 1894, at
Rome, 1897, at Paris, 1898, and in 1902 became K.C.M.G., and a Privy
Councillor, and was appointed ambassador to the United States. His
widow and two sons, Sidney, born 1890, and Michael George, born 1893,
survive him. The Standard, in a long obituary notice, Oct. 1st, stated
erroneously that he was a Roman Catholic, a mistake copied by the
Salisbury Journal of Oct. 3rd. Obituary notices also appeared in all
the leading London papers of Oct. 1st, and in the Wilts County Mirror,
Oct. 2nd, and the American papers published notices appreciative of his
personal popularity in America and of his success as an ambassador
during the short period of his tenure of the office. See also an appre-
ciation by the American Ambassador at the Lord Mayor's banquet, Nov.
9th, 1903. Salisbury Journal, Nov. 14th, 1903.

William Frederick Holmes A'Court, 3rd Baron Heytesbury,

died Aug. 15th, 1903, aged 41. Buried at Heytesbury. Eldest son of
the Hon. William Leonard Holmes A'Court and Isabella Sophia, d. of
Rev. Richard A'Court Beadon, Vicar of Cheddar. Born June 25th, 1862,
succeeded to title on death of his grandfather in 1891, his father having
died in 1885. Educated at Marlborough College and Downton Agri-
cultural College. Married, 1887, Margaret Anna, d. of J. Nixon Harman,
of Tadmarton, Oxon. He was J.P. and D.L. for Wilts, and sat regularly
on the Warminster bench. He was a Conservative but took no part in
politics or in public life. He was from 1897 hon. secretary of the South
and West Wilts Hounds, and became joint master of the pack in 1902.
He took great interest in the management and improvement of his
estates, and was popular in the Heytesbury neighbourhood. Lady
Heytesbury and his only daughter, Hon. Margaret Elinor Holmes
A'Court, aged 15, survive him. He is succeeded in the title by his
brother, Major the Hon. Leonard Holmes A'Court.

Obit, notice, Standard, Aug, 17th; Devizes Gazette, Aug. 20th;
Salisbury Journal, Aug. 22nd ; Wilts County Mirror, Aug. 21st, 1903.

172

Wilts Obituary.

Rev. Robert Campbell Moberly, D.D., Canon of Christ

Church, Oxford, and Regius Professor of Pastoral Theology, died June
8th, 1903, aged 58. Buried in Cathedral graveyard. Born 1845. Son
of Dr. George Moberly, Head Master of "Winchester and Bishop of
Salisbury. Educated at Winchester and New Coll., Oxford. 1st class
Moderations 1865, 2nd class classical school 1867, in which year he won
the Newdigate. B.A., 1867; M.A., 1870; D.D., 1892. Deacon 1869 ;
Priest 1870. Senior Student of Ch. Ch. 1867—1880. Principal of St.
Stephen's House, Oxford, 1876 — 78. Principal of Salisbury Theological
College 1878- 80. Chaplain to Bishop Moberly 1871—85. Vicar of
Gt. Budworth (Ches.). 1880 — 92. Examining Chaplain to Bishop of
Chester 1884—92. Hon. Canon of Chester 1890—93. Begius Professor
of Pastoral Theology at Oxford, and Canon of Ch. Ch. 1892 until his
death. He married, 1880, Alice Sidney, d. of Bishop W. K. Hamilton.
He was the author, amongst other works, of : —

"An Account of the Question between the Bishop and the C.M.S.
in the Diocese of Colombo." 1876.

" The Light of the Revelation of God on the Question of Marriage
with a Sister-in-law." 1884.

"Is the Independence of Church Courts really impossible." 1886.

" Sorrow, Sin, and Beauty." 1889.

"The Incarnation as the Basis of Dogma." One of the essays in
Lux Mundi. 1889.

" Disestablishment and Disendowment."

" Reason and Religion." 1896.

" The Ministerial Priesthood." 1897.

" Personality and the Atonement." 1901.

" Christ our Life."

" Undenominationalism."
Obit, notices, Times and Standard, June 9th ; Wilts County Mirror,
June 12th; and a long and full In Memoriam notice by H. S. H(olland),
in Guardian, June 17th, 1903. Obituary notice and sermons by the
Bishop of Salisbury preached in the Cathedral on June 14th, in Salisbury
Diocesan Gazette, July, 1903.

Rev. Arthur Wynell-MayOW, died Aug. 4th, 1903, aged 50.
Born Dec. 25th. 1852. Educated Bradfield and Keble Coll., Oxon.
B.A. 1876, M.A. 1880. Deacon 1876, Priest 1878 (Rochester). Curate
of St. Margaret, Lee, Kent, 1876—79 ; Chaplain, Royal Navy, 1879—83 ;
Vicar of Frocester, Gloucs., 1883—88; Sutton-on-Plym, 1888—94;
Dunster, Som., 1894. He resigned some years ago, and had since lived
at Kenbury, Devon.

Obit, notices, Guardian, Aug. 12th ; Church Times, Aug. 21st, 1903.

William Jefferey BrOWn, of Middle Hill House, Box, died
Oct. 24th, 1903, aged 84. Buried at Box Cemetery. A vice-president
of the Chippenham Agricultural Association, he was well known in that

Wilts Obituary.

173

neighbourhood as a leading and successful agriculturalist, a Conservative,
and guardian. He occupied Wormwood Farm, in Box, and afterwards
Hazelbury, in the same parish, until he retired from business and went
to live at Middle Hill.

Obit, notice, Devizes Gazette, Oct. 29th, 1903.

Hannah Archer, widow of David Archer, J. P. and D.L., of Kingsdown
House, Stratton St. Margaret, died Nov. 15th, 1903, aged 91. Buried
at Down Ampney. Mrs. Archer was well known and greatly respected
in the Swindon neighbourhood. On her 90th birthday the parishioners
of Stratton presented her with a testimonial in which they said "We
desire to offer our most sincere and affectionate congratulations and to
express our gratitude and admiration for all the good work you have
done in the parish and county." The Times said that to her is largely
due the official adoption of the system of boarding out pauper children.
In 1861 she issued a pamphlet advocating this plan, and recommending
many of the reforms which have since been carried into effect, and in
1870, in the absence of Miss Preusser, who was working on the same
lines in the North of England, she headed the first deputation of ladies
ever received by a Government department in England. Largely as a
result of her efforts three hundred certified committees of ladies are now
at work in England superintending the boarding out of children from
the workhouses.

Obit, notices, Times and other daily papers ; Devizes Gazette, Nov.
19th ; Guardian, Nov. 25th ; Wilts County Mirror, Nov. 20th, 1903.

Charles Cotes, of Sa, Gloucester Place, London, W., and of Wing,
Bucks., died Nov. 22nd, 1903, aged 57. Buried at Wing. Son of Eev.
Charles Grey Cotes (of the Shropshire family of Cotes, of Woodcote),
Bector of Stanton St. Quentin. Born there Sept. 6th, 1846. Educated
at Eton and Trin. Coll., Oxon. Lived at Kington Langley for
many years, after which he removed to London. He married in
1876 Lady Edith Pleydell Bouverie, d. of the fourth Earl of Badnor.
He was called to the bar, but did not practise, and became a
prominent member of the Stock Exchange, being a partner in the firm
of Steer, Lawford, & Co. A keen sportsman, a member of the Beaufort
Hunt in former years, and of late years hunting in the Vale of
Aylesbury. His spare time, however, was chiefly given to charitable
work. He was a trustee of the Evelina Children's Hospital, and
for years the business affairs of the London Hospital had been
largely in his hands. He was an earnest supporter of the working boys
holiday camping out movement, and took part in organising the camps
on Hayling Island. Nor were his interests confined to charitable objects.
It was mainly owing to him and to his own gift of i"10,000 that the
necessary ^£27,500 was forthcoming from a few city houses to meet the
Treasury grant of like amount for the purchase of the three Great
Longford Castle pictures for the National Gallery, Holbein's "Am-
bassadors," "Admiral Pulido Pareja," by Velasquez, and the " Italian

174

Wilts Obituary.

Nobleman," by Moroni. The Guardian, Dec. 9th, 1903, says, in an
obituary notice, "It has been truly said of Charles Cotes that he was
quietly doing the work of five ordinary well-intentioned men, and
leavening the lives of a greater number of his fellow beings of all classes
than perhaps anyone else of his time." The Westminster Gazette says
of him " His life was an example of how an English gentleman should
live ; the news of his coming death was borne by him with a calm bravery
which has taught all who saw him how to die.

Obit, notice, Devizes Gazette, Nov. 26th ; Salisbury Journal, Nov.
28th, 1903.

Rev. Richard DaWSOn, died July 19th, 1903, aged 74. Buried
at Sutton Benger. Hulmeian Exhibitioner of B. N. Coll., Oxon. B.A.
1850, M.A. 1853. Deacon 1854, priest 1855 (Chichester). Curate of
Midhurst, 1854 ; Stockport, 1856 ; Perpetual Curate of Marple 1858—62 ;
Vicar of Sutton Benger, 1862 until his death.
Obit, notice, Devizes Gazette, July 23rd, 1903.

ReV. Frederick Bennett, died July 1st at Exmouth, aged 81.
Buried at Littleham (Dev). Wadham Coll., Oxon, B.A., 1843, M.A.,
1846. Deacon 1845, priest 1846, Sarum. Curate of Maddington,
1845—48 ; Longbridge Deverill 1848—50, Vicar of Maddington, 1851
— 70; Shrewton, 1854—70, and of Maddington and Shrewton united
1870 — 95, when he resigned and went to live at Exmouth. He was
Organizing Secretary for S.P.G. for the Archdeaconry of Wilts 1852 — 72
and Eural Dean of Wylye 1870—93. Canon and Preb. of Sarum 1868
— 99 Both Churches were restored during his incumbency.
Obit, notice, Times, July 3rd; Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, Aug., 1903.

Sir Michael Robert Shaw- Stewart, 7th baronet, of

Greenock and Blackhall, died Dec. 10th, 1903, at his seat, Ardgowan,
Eenfrewshire, aged 77. Buried at Ardgowan. Eldest son of Sir Michael
Shaw- Stewart, 6th baronet, and his wife, Eliza Mary, d. of Robert
Farquhar, of Newark, Renfrewshire, born Nov. 26th, 1826. Succeeded
his father when 10 years old. Educated at Eton and Ch. Ch., Oxon.
Served in 2nd Life Guards 1845—47. M.P. for Renfrewshire, 1855—65.
Ld. Lieut, of Renfrewshire 1869. J.P. for Wilts. High Sheriff of Wilts
1883. Hon. Col. of 1st V.B. Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. A
prominent Freemason and yachtsman. Married, 1852, Lady Octavia
Grosvenor, d. of 2nd Marquis of Westminster, through whom he inherited
the Fonthill Abbey estate. He leaves five sons and four daughters, and
is succeeded by Sir Michael Hugh Shaw-Stewart, born July 11th, 1854,
who married, 1883, Lady Alice Thynne, d. of the 4th Marquis of Bath.
Obit, notice, Standard, Dec. 11th ; Salisbury Journal, Dec. 12th, 1903-

175

[N.B. — This list does not claim to be in any way exhaustive, The Editor
appeals to all authors and publishers of pamphlets, books or views in any
way connected with the county to send him copies of their works, and to
editors of papers and members of the Society generally to send him
copies of articles, views, or portraits, appearing in the newspapers.]

The Fifteenth Century Cartulary of St. Nicholas'
Hospital, Salisbury, with other Records, edited by
Chr. Wordsworth, M.A., Master of the Hospital,

with twenty-two illustrations. Salisbury : published by Brown & Co.,
The Canal. Printed by Bennett Brothers. 1902. Cloth. 8vo. Wilts
Becord Society Series. Pp. lxxxviii., 386. [Date on the cover, 1903.J
Price, £1 Is. (to members of the Wilts Kecord Society, 15*.).

The introductory note tells us that " This book contains the whole of
the fifteenth century cartulary, or old register belonging to the antient
Hospital of St. Nicholas, in or near new Sarum, with such additions as
were made in that book until about the year 1639. Interspersed among
these and in part added, as a supplement to them, towards the close of
the book are such other records as relate to the hospital, and are preserved
iri diocesan or national archives. Some also have been included which
concern the Chapel of St. John Baptist on the Isle, the Scotist College of
St. " Nicholas de Vaux " (or " de Valle Scholarium ") and the collegiate
Church of St. Edmund, Salisbury, which it is hardly too much to call
daughter institutions or offshoots of St. Nicholas Hospital on Harnham
Bridge. A brief account or kalendar (in part by no means exhaustive)
of records belonging to the hospital has been added."

Pages xxi. to xxxviii. are taken up with the editor's preface, of which
a chronological list of events relating to the hospital from 1214 to the
present day is an important item.

" At the close of the 12th century . . . there was no considerable
edifice standing on the site of the city now known as Salisbury excepting

%* It may be worth while to note that on pages 175 and 178 in Charters of
Robert Maskerel dealing with lands at Gerardeston (Gurston, in Broadchalke),
the expression " dimidia acra in Smokfurlang, & una acra in eadem cultura,
que vocatur la Smokacre " occurs. " Smokeacre " also occurs in a terrier of
the common lands of Clyffe Pypard, but no explanation has yet been forth-
coming as to the meaning of the term. — E.H.G.

176 Recent Wiltshire Boohs, Pamphlets, and Articles.

a Church of St. Martin and a Hospital of St. Nicholas. St. Martin's
Church belonged to Harnham. The old Hospital of St. Nicholas stood
nearly in its present site by the ford over the River Avon through which
the road from the south passed." Afterwards the river was artificially
divided into two channels just opposite the hospital, a double stone bridge
was built by Bishop Robert Bingham and the two islands called " St.
John's Isle" and "Earldom Island" were formed, and the first of
these became, in 1244 or earlier, the. site of an offshoot of the hospital,
a chapel where wayfarers might attend an early mass. " It appears
that (at least in 1244 and for some time subsequently) whilst some of
the chaplains served at St. John Baptist's Chapel on the Isle, the master
or warden had also the care of repairing the bridge and causeway, as
was often the case with hermit chaplains in the 15th century in other
places."

The second half of the preface, pp. xli. — lxxxviii., is occupied with an
illustrated notice of the Hospital by the Rev. G. H. Moberly, reprinted
with revisions) from Wilts Arch. Mag., xxv., 119 — 164.

Then follows the ancient Form of Reception of a brother into the
hospital with the " ordo recipiendi aliquem amicum in fratrem ad par-
ticipacionem oracionum et suffragiorum," i.e., the form of admitting a
benefactor or other friend of the hospital into spiritual confraternity and
participation in the devotions and intercessions of the community without
sharing the emoluments of the hospital.

The statutes of Bishop Richard Beauchamp ; seven documents relating
to the Box, Wilsford, and Manningford Bohune Estates, 1227—1268 ;
eleven charters relating to Broad Hinton, 1253 — 1295 ; four relating to
Fisherton Aucher, or Anger, 1214 — 1262 ; twenty two relating to
East and West Harnham, 1244—1340; a terrier of 1393 for East
Harnham, and one for both Harnhams, of 1438; twelve documents
dealing with property in Salisbury, 1261 — 1402 ; forty-six relating
to Gerardeston (Gurston manor, in Broad Chalk), 1254 — 1289, with
the later perambulation of the Forest of Pansett, near Clarendon —
and a few other deeds from the Record Office, connected with property
in Bentley Wood, Turnworth and Sturminster Marshall (Dorset), &c,
all given in full, fill more than half the volume. In addition there are
lists of the priors, guardians, wardens or masters of St. Nicholas ; of the
stewards of St. Nicholas ; of the chaplains of St. Nicholas, and of the
brethren and sisters from 1501 — 1713, and from 1790 to the present time;
chantry certificates ; the letters patent of 1610 ; notes on the master's right
to tithe swans, and on the seals of the hospital ; ' visitation articles,
1662 — 1677 ; extracts from Mr. Edward Hickman's MS. on the buildings;
the cartulary of the college of St. Nicholas de Valle Scholarium (in the
British Museum) ; lists of muniments ; the Barrington Trust ; forms of
admission of a brother or sister, and special prayers.

The whole of this mass of varied information is admirably printed
and edited and annotated with the utmost care— and at the end an ex-
cellent index is given in which you may find every name mentioned in
the preceding pages.

Recent Wiltshire Boohs, Pamphlets, and Articles. 177

The illustrations comprise : — Portraits of Bishop Shute Barrington and
of Will. Herbert, third Earl of Pembroke, from prints, the former an
admirable reproduction of a mezzotint ; three sketches of the present
buildings by J. A. Keeve ; Effigy of Will. Longespee, from a print (poor) ;
seals of Ela, Countess of Salisbury (poor) ; coloured reproduction of
encaustic tiles ; Plan in 1245 ; Rough plan by E. Hickman ; Plan from the
Ordnance Survey ; Views of the Chapels of St. John the Baptist, of the
Hospital, and of the College de Vaux (from an etching by E. Benson
1826) ; View from the garden ; Group of brethren and sisters ; Fac simile
of Royal charter ; Seals of the hospital ; a Canon regular de Valle
Scholarium in Champagne ; and apparently inserted as an afterthought
a most admirable collotype of the original profession of canonical
obedience made by Ela, Countess of Salisbury to Bishop Bingham,
in 1240.

Altogether a very valuable addition to the books of Wiltshire.
A long review in Salisbury Journal, Aug. 22nd, and one in Salisbury
Diocesan Gazette, November, 1903, by C. H. M.

. Aldhelm, his Life and Times. Lectures de-
livered in the Cathedral Church of Bristol, Lent,

1902, by the Right Rev. G-. P. Browne, D.D.,
D.L.C.L., F.S.A., Bishop of Bristol, s.p.c.k. : London.

1903. 7 X 4f. Cloth, pp. 366. Price 5*.

The illustrations, twenty-two in number, mostly from photographs,
include the following connected with the County of Wilts : — Malmesbury
Abbey in 1903 (showing the restored S.W. bay)— Ditto in 1900, North
and South Views and interior — The Saxon Church at Bradford — Aldhelm,
Hildelyth and the nuns of Barking — and the Pre-Norman Stones at
Bamsbury, Bradford (2), Colerne, and Littleton Drew.

Beginning with the connection of the See of Bristol with St. Aldhelm
and the history of the see itself, the author discusses the authorities for
Aldhelm's life, and takes William of Malmesbury's " Gesta Pontificum,"
in the manuscript of which in the Library of Magdalen College, Oxford,
is included the Life of Aldhelm, as the authority whom he follows in
detail throughout the book. He then passes on to the early history of
Malmesbury, and sets forth the view which he has supported in this
Magazine that Malmesbury continued the easternmost stronghold of the
Dumnonian Britons right up into Saxon times after the Battle of Deorham
in 577 A.D., and that the Britons who with the Hwiccas fought the
Battle of Wanborough against the Saxons of Wessex were the Britons
of the Malmesbury district, and that it was they, and. not the Britons
of Wales, who met Augustine at their first meeting. He suggests that
the Irish teacher Maildulbh, who settled at Malmesbury, may have been
one of Carthach's followers, who were turned out of the great monastic
school founded by him at Kahan, in Meath.

He discusses at some length the derivation of the name Malmesbury.
" In its earliest forms," he says, "the name is clearly derived from the

178 Recent Wiltshire Boohs, Pamphlets, and Articles.

name of the Irish teacher Maildulbh, either in that form or in the form
Meldun or Meldum. We have Maildubiensis Ecclesia, Maldubiensis,
Maldubesburg, Maldulfesburg, Maldumesburg, Meldulfesburg, Meldu-
besburg, Meldumesburg. Other forms of the name are clearly connected
with Aldhelm — Ealdelmesbyrig, Mealdelmesbyrig, Maldelmesburuh."
He quotes Mr. Plumer as saying in his edition of Bede's work, " The
greater fame of Aldhelm eclipsed that of the original founder, and we
find the place called Ealdelmesburg,_Aldhelm's borough." " By a con-
tamination of this with the older forms we get Mealdelmesburg, which
became the prevailing form and through various gradations . . .
became the modern Malmesbury." But the Bishop, arguing on the
analogy of the Gaelic of to-day, suggests that we may take it as almost
or quite certain that when Maildubh addressed his favourite pupil
and eventual successor he did not call him Aldhelm, or pronounce
the dh in his name, but called him " Mallem," " My dear Aldhelm " —
and that from this comes the M at" the beginning of " Malmesbury."
Coming to the buildings erected by Aldhelm, he points out that before
the existing Norman Church at Malmesbury was built there was a group
of Churches there, somewhat after the fashion of the groups of Churches
at the great monastic centres in Ireland. They were six in number : —
St. Andrew, St. Lawrence, St. Mary, St. Michael, SS. Peter and Paul,
and the old Basilica. Probably several of these were displaced by the
building of the existing Church. As regards the Church erected by
Aldhelm near Wareham, he identifies with it the curious early wall of
herring-bone masonry afterwards incorporated in the defences of Corfe
Castle, giving reasons why neither St. Martin's at Wareham, nor Worth
Matravers,nor St. Aldhelm's Chapel, on St. Alban's (rightly St Aldhelm's)
Head, will suit the accounts that we have of the site of the building. The
Church which he built at Sherborne, the seat of his bishopric, was still
standing in the time of William of Malmesbury, and the author is dis-
posed to think that the great Church at Malmesbury was also not yet
superseded by the Norman building. He emphasises the fact of the
continual intercourse with Borne in Anglo-Saxon times, and remarks
that it was only the accident of the death of Kenwalch, King of Wessex,
which prevented Benedict Biscop settling in Wessex with his collections
of precious MSS. and other art treasures brought from Italy and Southern
Gaul, instead of in Northumbria. The Bishop dwells at considerable
length on Anglo-Saxon art, and more especially on the subject of the
sculptured stones and crosses of the period, giving illustrations of the
stones at Kamsbury, Kowberrow, West Camel, Doulton, Gloucester,
Bradford, Bath, Colerne, Littleton Drew, and Frome, the altar of
Wolvinius, the Stole of Frithestan, and the cross of Drahmel, at Brussels.
He then minutely discusses the possible routes of the saint's funeral
procession, from Doulting, in Somerset, where he died in 709 to
Malmesbury, and the site of the seven stone crosses set up to mark the
resting-places at stages of seven miles on that journey which were still
standing in William of Malmesbury's days. The route seems to have
been a circuitous one, for it is said to have been about fifty miles in

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 179

length, and the Bishop on the whole inclines to Frome, Westbury,
Bradford, Bath, Colerne, Littleton Drew, as the most likely stopping-
places largely because at five of these places there are remains of Saxon
sculptured stones or crosses, though of course the whole matter is one of
pure guess-work, and the presence of remains of crosses at these places
proves nothing, for there are also remains at Minety, Knook,
Wantage, Kamsbury, and other places which can have no connection
with this journey. In discussing the character of the sculptures
on these Wessex stones the Bishop remarks that that at Littleton Drew
is unique amongst stones in this part of England as having part of the
remains of an inscription — four letters in all — upon it. He also notes
the Irish character of the ornament on the Bradford stone, which has
formed the jamb of a doorway. He regards the Ramsbury crosses as
having very possibly stood within the Church, at the head and foot of
recumbent body stones, and he argues that such stones were in use as
early as 685 A.D., for William of Malmesbury speaks of a burial of that
date outside the Abbey Church of Glastonbury under a "Pyramid," or
cross shaft, " nobiliter insculptce."

A photo of the splendid altar of Wolvinius in S. Ambrogio, at Milan,
is given as a contemporary and probably similar work to the shrine
of St. Aldhelm, set up about 855, in the Abbey Church of Malmesbury,
and described by Faritius as covered with silver gilt plates on which the
miracles of the saint were depicted. The miracles attributed to the
saint are mentioned, and his writings are described and criticised, at
some length, his principal work being his Sacred Hymns, his Letter to
Acircius, The Enigmas, his Letter to Osgith, and his Treatise in Praise of
of Virgins.

His Letter to the Britons, addressed to " King Geruntius and also to
all the Priests of God dwelling throughout the Domnonian Kealm,"
shows that the Britons of the south-west were at that time by no means in
the condition of slavery and misery that William of Malmesbury attributes
to them. This letter, indeed, was not known to William when he wrote.

The existing Abbey Church at Malmesbury and the works of repair
lately finished are described, and it is especially noted that the new work
has been left without mouldings, so that it will be impossible in the
future for anyone to mistake it for work of the twelfth century.

In the appendix a note on King Athelstan's gift to Malmesbury and
his feast day, together with the form still observed at the admission of
a commoner is given ; as also an interesting note on vine-growing in
England, giving the results of the experiment begun in 1875 by the
Marquis of Bute near Cardiff, from which it appears that the crop of
1893 yielded, from 5 acres of land, one thousand dozens of wine, which
were sold from the vineyard at 60*. the dozen, whilst the wine made in
1881 sold in 1894 at 115*. the dozen.

Crabbe, by Alfred Ainger. (" English Men of Letters " Series.)

London : Macmillan & Co. 1903. Cloth. Cr. 8vo. 2*. nett. Pp. viii.,
, and 210.

180 Becent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and, Articles.

The following headings of the chapters show the scope and contents of
this book : — Early Life in Aldeburgh — Poverty in London — Friendship
with Burke — Life at Belvoir Castle — In Suffolk again — " The Parish
Kegister" — " The Borough " — " Tales " — Visiting in London—" Tales of
the Hall " — " Last years at Trowbridge."

The Times Literary Supplement of Oct. 9th, 1903, devotes a long
review to this book, It says ;—" When the original series of English
Men of Letters was published no omission Was more serious than that
of Crabbe. He now takes his place wjtiere he ought to have been found
from the first, in the most authoritative series of studies of his peers,
the English poets." " Canon Ainger has given us the book we should
expect from him, one full of sincerity, good taste, and good sense. The
story of the poet's uneventful life is admirably re-told . . . and
Canon Ainger has been fortunate enough to be able to add a few new
facts and throw a little new light on the poet's life. The chief source of
this new light, as the author states, is a copy of the memoir by Crabbe's
son, with abundant annotations by Edward Fitzgerald.

" The poet's son mentions that his father took opium by medical
advice. . . . Fitzgerald's note on this was : 4 It probably influenced
his dreams for better or worse,' adding ' see the ' World of Dreams ' and
' Sir Eustace Grey.' Working on this hint Canon Ainger has very
interestingly and quite conclusively shown that Sir Eustace Grey is a
picture of illusions exactly like those described by De Quincey as the
result of opium, and that Crabbe must have derived them from his
own dreams experienced under similar circumstances. It is rather a
melancholy explanation of Crabbe's highest flight of imagination, which
stands so alone in his work ; but there can be no doubt that Canon
Ainger is right."

The Guardian, Oct. 28th, 1903, in a very eulogistic review, says : —
" We have read the two hundred pages of this almost ideal biography
with unfailing interest, and we can most warmly commend it to all who
wish to begin the study or to stimulate their admiration of a neglected
and yet typical English Classic."

Visitors' Guide to Bradford-on-Avon, Wilts. Dotesio

& Todd, Bradford-on-Avon, Wilts. 1908. 7J X 5J. Pp. 16.

A pamphlet with four plates : — The Bridge Chapel — Saxon Church —
The Hall (Kingston House) — and The Tithe Barn. There are also six
small cuts in the letterpress : — Town Bridge — Parish Church — Shambles
— Old Houses — and Old Bridge.

The letterpress deals shortly and accurately with the various points of
interest, ancient and modern — though it seems unnecessary to invoke
the presence of Flemish weavers to account for the gabled houses at
Bradford.

The Graphic Guide to Salisbury, the Cathedral, the city,

the Antiquities, the Country Seats, the Military Camps. Illustrated by
photographs by H. C. Messer and " The Bournemouth Graphic." Price

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 181

Sixpence. Salisbury : published by A. Sinee, 48, Silver Street, and R.
R. Edwards, 4, Castle Street. Wrappers. 8^ x 5£. Pp. 88.

The numerous illustrations, most of them very fair full-page re-
productions of photos, are alone quite worth the money charged for the
guidebook. They are : — A General View of the City — Sketch Map of
Salisbury and the Camps — The Close Gate — View of Cathedral from Bridge
—from N.E.— from West -The Nave— The Screen— The Choir— The
Chapter House — The Palace — Blue Boar Row — Council House -In-
firmary— Poultry Cross — County Hotel - St. Thomas's Church — St.
Edmund's Church — St. Martin's Church— St. Paul's Church — Congrega-
tional Church — Stonehenge — Old Sarum — Amesbury Bridge — Amesbury
Church — Amesbury Village — WiltonPark, WiltonHouse — Wilton Church
— Longford Castle — Bemerton Church — Bulford Village — Bulford
Camp, Soldiers' Home — Parkhouse Camp.

The letterpress seems to give as much information as the ordinary
tourist desires, and as regards the Cathedral it enters a good deal into
detail, especially in the case of the more recent gifts. Altogether a good
sixpennyworth.

Noticed, Salisbury Journal, Oct. 3rd, 1903.

Buffalo Bill's Wild Waste Show at Zalsbury, August

the Zix, Nineteen underd and Dree. By Janny Raa ; also a Nigger
Dialogue, " The Spider and the Fly." Salisbury ; R. R. Edwards,
Castle Street. [1903.] Pamphlet, 7£ X 5. Pp. 20. One of Mr.
Edward Slow's sets of dialect verses, not quite up to his usual standard.

Marlborough College Natural History Society,

Report for the year 1902. The preface notes that a
collection of Diptera is being formed, and that the collection of Coleoptera
is being thoroughly re-organised. An account of the field-days at
Tidcombe, Allcannings, Bagshot, Chilton Foliat, and Broad Hinton is
given, and the reports of the various sections follow. The Botanical
Section reports Marrubium vulgare and Melissa officinalis, both probably
recently naturalised, Hesperis matronalis, Silene Gallica, Apium inun-
datum, Solidago virgaurea, Dorago officinalis, Lycopsis arvensis, and
Orchis pyramidalis. Four hundred and nine species of flowers were
observed in bloom.

The Entomological Section reports excellent work. Ten new species
of Lepidoptera have been added to the list, which now numbers eleven
hundred and thirty-four, whilst the list of Coleoptera numbers eight
hundred and seventeen.

In the way of birds, a ring ouzel's nest was found in the forest, and
two bitterns are noted as having been shot at Chilton. Amongst the
illustrations are "Pool in Savernake Forest," and "The Kennet above
Preshute."

A short History of Marlborough Grammar School by Rev. Christopher
Wordsworth, which appeared in the Marlborough Times, is reprinted

182 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

here, and a new departure is made by printing lists of Lepidoptera and
plants, collected respectively by Messrs. E. Cook and T. F. Dunston in
the county outside the Marlborough district.

Wilts Notes and Queries, No. 42, June, 1903.

An excellent photo of Place House, Melksham, taken in 1864, just
before its destruction, accompanies the beginning of a paper by Mr. Kite
on Place House and its Owners. ''The manor and hundred of Melksham,
given by Henry III. to the Priory of Amesbury, were five years after
the dissolution conveyed by Giles Gore, Gent., and Elizabeth, his wife,
to Henry Brouncker, Esq. Mr. Kite gives a number of notices of mem-
bers of this family from Lawrence Brounker, who appears at Chippenham
in 1378 ; Bobert, who had property at Devizes, Bishops Cannings,
Southbroom, Keevil, Seend, and Came, in 1515—1534 ; his son, Henry,
who owned property at Bupton .and Thornhill, in ClyfTe Pypard,
1535, and later lands at Melksham, Whitley, Shaw, Benacre, Seend,
Orcheston St. Mary, Tilshead, Potterne, Marston, Steeple Ashton, and
Devizes, for which latter place he was M.P. He also owned Earlstoke
and was Sheriff of Wilts in 1558. His son, William Brouncker, sheriff
in 1580, M.P. for Wilts, 1586, was knighted. His son, Henry Brounker,
parted with the estate. Mr. Kite gives a pedigree showing the connection
of Brouncker with Dauntsey, of West Lavington, and Jennings, of
Co. Somerset. A branch of the Selfe family, of Benacre, became
owners of Place House. The will of Isaac Selfe, Sen., who died
in 1656, is here printed, and a plan of the surroundings of Place House
in 1734 and a drawing of the coat of arms formerly over a doorway in
the garden, are given here. Bratton Becords, Quaker Birth Kecords,
and a Calendar of Feet of Fines are continued. Notes on the Purton
Enclosure Acts — A Shield of Arms in Westwood Church, a letter from
Adam Gouldney, of Chippenham, to George Fox, the founder of
Quakerism, and an interesting series of briefs from the Baverstock
registers, are the most important remaining items in the number.

On the Jurassic Strata cut through by the South
Wales Direct Line between Pilton and Wootton

BaSSett. By Prof. Sidney Hugh Beynolds, M.A., F.G.S., and
Arthur Vaughan, Esq., B.A., B.Sc, F.G.S. Pp. 719—752. Vol, lviii.

of The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, Nov., 29th, 1902.

This is an important paper, but only the last half-dozen pages are
concerned with that portion of the new line which lies within the County
of Wilts. This cuts through the Forest Marble, and Cornbrash, and the
Oxford Clay and Corallian formations. Sections of the Forest Marble,
east and west of Alderton Tunnel are described. This formation extends
as far west as Bradfield, in Hullavington, half-a-mile beyond which the
Cornbrash first appears. A list of the fossils obtained from this latter
formation is given. The Oxford Clay extends from Kingway Barn to
Wootton Bassett, where the Corallian appears. A section of this latter
is described, and a list of the fossils found in the Oxford Clay is given.

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles, 183

An Order of Service for a Diocesan Choral Festival,
to be held in Salisbury Cathedral, on Wednesday,
July 16th, 1902, to commemorate the Coronation
of King Edward VII, and Queen Alexandra. Printed

by Novello & Co., and sold by Brown & Co., Salisbury. Wrappers.
10 X 7. Pp. 46.

St. Nicholas's Hospital, Salisbury. Forms of Ad-
mission and Special Prayers. Pamphlet. 8j x 5J.

Pp. 23. Salisbury : Bennett Brothers, Journal Office. 1902.

Under Salisbury Spire. By Emma Marshall. Popular edition.
Price 6^. Seeley & Co. 1903.

Sarum Tunes. By Rev. H. J. Trueman. Published at Alfred Foley's
Music Warehouse, Salisbury. Cloth. Is. 6d. A collection of about
forty hymn tunes, composed by the author, mostly for use at St. Mark's
Church, Salisbury, and three settings of the Te Deum in chant form.
Noticed favourably in Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, Nov., and Salisbury
Journal, May 16th, 1903.

Salisbury Cathedral Spire. The work of substituting copper

bands for the old iron ones near the summit of the spire, and the renewal
of the vane at the top is described in Wilts County Mirror, July 3rd,
1903, with a process view of the workmen at the summit.

Salisbury, St. Thomas's Church, Repair Fund.

A report of the speeches made on the occasion of the opening of a
bazaar at Salisbury, held with the object of raising funds to meet the
£6000 required for this work, appears in the Salisbury Journal, Oct. 10th,
1903.

Salisbury and South Wilts and Blackmore Museums.

The annual report is printed in Wilts County Mirror, July 24th, 1903.

The Nelson Boom at Trafalgar. Article by w. h. Hosking,

in the Windsor Magazine, Oct., 1903, pp. 527—532. Illust. from
photographs by J. Temple : — The Approach to Trafalgar House — The
Garden Front of the house — Entrance Hall, with Stand of Arms. — The
Copenhagen Seal, Hamilton Locket, and Nile Medal — Overmantel
showing the signal " England expects every man to do his duty" — Bust
of Nelson by Franz Thaller and Matthias Ranson — Cup presented by
the English Merchants trading in the Levant to the Admiral after the
Battle of the Nile : other vases modelled from pictures at the time : at

VOL. XXXII— NO. C. N

184 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

the back, title-deeds of the family — A corner in the Nelson Boom, with
Nelson's Arm Chair, Couch, Telescope, Cane, Tray, and Presentation
Cup.

" LailSdOWne HOUSe." By Ernest M. Jessop. Article in Pall
Mall Mag., Dec, 1903, pp. 485 — 494, eleven illustrations :— Lansdowne
House — Lady Lansdowne's Eoom — Lady Lansdowne at her Writing
Table — The Library — Lord Lansdowne's Eoom — The Front Drawing-
Room — The Back Drawing-Boom — The Dining-Boom — The Corridor
leading to the Ballroom — The Ballroom — The Bound Boom.

Museum of the Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural
History Society at Devizes. By the Bev. e. h. Goddard.

The Antiquary, Nos. 167, 168, New Series, November and December,
1903, pp. 330—335, 369—374. An article describing shortly the archae-
ological collections of the Museum, with twenty-six illustrations from
the Stourhead Catalogue.

Geology of Salisbury and the Vale of War dour, a full

account of the Easter Excursion (April 9th — 14th, 1903,) in this neigh-
bourhood appears in "Proceedings of the Geologists' Association," xviii.,
pp. 146 — 161, with geological map of the Vale of Wardour and two
sections.

Old Sarum, Woodford, Stonehenge, Bemerton, Fisherton, Dinton,
Chilmark, and Teffont Ewyas were visited and notes are given on the
geological exposures seen. The specimens of the Knowle flints in the
Blackmore Museum are specially noted, and " the polished or varnished
looking streaks across them" are said to be "due probably to silica
deposited by running water." Speaking at Stonehenge, the president,
Mr. H. W. Monckton, thought that on the whole the evidence was some-
what in favour of the older theory, " that the stones [the bluestones] were
brought by man from the West of England, or from some other distant
place," and against Prof. Judd's theory that they were boulders found
on the plain.

Archaeological Papers relating to the Counties of
Somerset, Wilts, Dorset, Hants, and Devon.

By W. H. Hamilton Bogers. Beprinted for the author on large paper
from various "Notes and Queries." Illustrated by upwards of one
hundred drawings. 4to. <£1 15.9. [1903.] Only fifty copies printed.
It contains three papers, reprinted from Wiltshire Notes and Queries : —
Stafford of Suthwyke — Bogers, Courtenay Huddersfield of Bradford-on-
Avon, &c— The Poulette Brass, Minety Church— and also a paper on
" Lisle Kingston Lisle of Wodeton, I. of Wight ; Thruxton, Hants ; and
of Wilts and Dorset."

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 185

A Cyclone, or whirlwind, the effects of which were felt over a narrow path
from Chippenham to Slaughterford on the 24th August, 1903, is described
in that week's local papers. Trees were uprooted and twisted off, and
at Slaughterford roofs were stripped, tiles and other objects were carried
high up in the air, two sheets of corrugated iron being whirled off like
sheets of paper over the hill, and deposited a mile and a mile and a half
off respectively.

The G-oatacre Anti Corn Law Meeting, held on January

5th, 1846, and attended by nearly one thousand labourers, was reported
fully in The Times, and created a great impression. This report is re-
printed in full in the Gloucester Journal, Aug. 15th, 1903.

Bradford-Oil- Avon Barn. The architecture is described in a
paper on mediaeval barns, by P. B. Andrews, in The Antiquary for July,

\ 1903, p. 215, 216, with a ground-plan and interior view from photo. The
date of the building is put at 1330 — 50. Its length is given as 175 feet,
and its width as 34 feet 10 inches, outside, the height to the apex of the
the roof being 39 feet.

"Wilton HOUSe. View and letterpress, pp. 91 — 97 in article on Historic
Mansions in the South- Western Counties, in Western Gazette Almanac,
1903.

IiOngleat. View and letterpress as above, pp. 98 — 104.

Ponthill. Lace in the collection of Mrs. Alfred Morrison, at Fonthill.
Article in Burlington Magazine, June, 1903, by M. Jourdain, pp. 95 — 103,
Three full-page plates comprising seventeen specimens.

IiaCOCk Church. A good architectural history of the Church accom-
panies the account of the proceedings at the re-opening, on June 12th,
1903, after the re-building of the chancel as a memorial to Will. Henry
Fox Talbot, the inventor of photography, in the Devizes Gazette, June
18th, 1903.

The HeyteSbury Family. The Devizes Gazette, August 20th, 1903.
has a notice on the descent of the manor and lordship of Heytesbury
from the Hungerfords to Henry Wheeler, who sold it to the Moore
family, of the Priory, Taunton. Sir Jasper Moore, of Heytesbury, and
Thomas, his father, were both high sheriffs of Wilts. The son of the
latter sold the property to Edward Ashe, Esq., of Halsted, Kent, a
London merchant, whose grand-daughter and heiress married Pierce
A'Court, of Ivychurch. Their grandson, Sir William Pierce Ashe A'Court,
was created a baronet in 1795, and died 1817 ; and his son, Sir William,

N 2

186 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

born 1799, was created first Baron Heytesbury 1828, and died 1860. He
was succeeded by his son, William Henry Ashe, second baron, born 1809,
who assumed the additional name of Holmes on his marriage with
Elizabeth, d. of Sir Leonard Worsley Holmes, Bart. His grandson, the
the third Baron Heytesbury, died Aug. 15ih, 1903.

War Memorials. The dedication of the tablet in Marlborough College
Chapel is reported in Devizes Gazette, Nov. 26th, 1903. The unveiling
of the memorial window in Melksham Parish Church, Devizes Gazette,
April 23rd, 1903. Salisbury St. Edmund's School tablet, unveiled by
Lord Kadnor, Salisbury Journal, Oct. 17th, 1903. Trowbridge Town
Hall, bronze tablet, unveiled by Lord Methuen,. containing the names
of the forty-two townsmen who fought in South Africa, Devizes Gazette,
Nov. 26th, 1903.

BrinkWOrth Church. Description of the building, and full report
of the address of the Bishop of Bristol at the re-opening after restoration,
Devizes Gazette, May 7th, 1903.

Langley Burr ell. In the Parish Magazine for August and Ootober,
1903. The Kector gives an interesting selection from the long list of
" briefs " in the parish registers from 1661 onwards.

Richard JefferieS. Account of unveiling of a tablet placed on his
house at Coate is given in N. Wilts papers of the week of June 11th, 1903.

WOOtton BaSSett Feast, 1830. An account of the proceedings,
copied from the Devizes Gazette of Sept. 2nd, 1830, is printed in Wilts
and Gloucester Standard, 1903.

— — An interesting note by Mr. Parsons on the enrolment of one hundred
volunteers at Wootton Bassett in 1803, Devizes Gazette, May 7th, 1903.

Machine RiotS in Wiltshire. Accounts of the breaking of
machines and of the dispersal and capture of rioters in N. Wilts by the
yeomanry and mounted volunteers in 1830, taken from the Devizes Gazette
of that year and reprinted in the Wilts and Gloucester Standard, Aug.
14th, Sioindon Advertiser, Aug. 21st, 1903.

The New Municipal and Parochial Alphabet for

Swindon. By a Burgess. 1903. Price one penny. Pamphlet,
cr. 8vo, pp. 7. An alphabetical skit in verse on municipal matters at
Swindon,

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pan^hlets, and Articles. 187

Marlborough The history of the " Marlborough Armed Association,"
whose colours still remain in St. Peter's Church, is given in Mr. E. Kite's
concluding article on "The Preparations made in "Wiltshire for the
Defence of the County, A.D. 1794—1803." Devizes Gazette, April 30th,
1903.

The Army Manoeuvres, Sept 12th— 17th, 1903,

were fully reported in the local papers of North Wilts, as well as in the
London daily papers. Many illustrations also appeared in the illustrated
papers.

FittletOIl Church. Short account of the late restoration works.
Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, November; Salisbury Journal, Oct. 24th ;
Wiltshire Advertiser, Oct. 22nd, 1903.

Kennet River. " From source to fall. The Tale of a famous Trout
Stream. The River Kennet." By Gertrude Bacon. Article in Good
Words, Aug., 1903, pp. 581 — 588. Illustrations : — Source of the Kennet —
Marlborough, High Street — Druid Circle, Avebury — Chilton — Hunger-
food —Newbury— Thatcham — Fall of the Kennet at Beading.

List of Farms in the County which changed tenants

at Michaelmas, 1903. This new and very useful feature
appeared for the first time in the Devizes Gazette, Nov. 5th, 1903.

Charities. The enquiry into the charities of Potterne, Allcannings,
Seend, and Poulshot, is reported in Devizes Gazette, Nov. 5th ; Wiltshire
Advertiser, Oct. 29th, 1903. Erchfont, Devizes Gazette, Oct. 29th;
Wiltshire Advertiser, Oct. 29th, 1903. Bishopstone (N. Wilts), Wootton
Bassett, Little Hinton, Liddington, Wanborougli, liodbourne Cheney,
Stratton St. Margaret. North Wilts Herald, Dec. 4th, 1903.

Church Plate at the Prison, Devizes. The Home office

has presented the paten formerly used in Newgate Prison, now de-
molished, for use in the prison at Devizes. It bears the date 1782.
Devizes Gazette, Nov. 26th, 1903.

Devizes History. As a prelude to the account of the Jubilee Meeting
of the Wilts Archaeological Society the Devizes Gazette of July 16th,
1903, has three columns from the pen of Mr. E. Kite, giving an excellent
review of the origin and work of the Society, and of its most important
publications. After this the writer enumerates the various books and
articles which have been written on the history of Devizes, and then
proceeds to give notes of his own on the Castle, the Town, the Woollen

188 Recent Wiltshire Boohs, Pamphlets, and Articles.

Trade, the Trading Guilds, and Fairs and Markets. He gives instances
of the early mention of the Brittox, cir. 1300, as "La Britasche," and in
1420 as "La Brutax," and mentions the " Yarn Cross," " The Butter
Cross," and the " Cheese Cross,'* as formerly existing in. the town — one
of them standing near the entrance to St. John's Street, was removed at
the beginning of the 18th century. Altogether an excellent article and
full of information.

Stonehenge and the Midsummer Sunrise. Article in

Nineteenth Century, June, 1903, pp. 1002—1009, by Arthur R. Hinks,
setting forth clearly the large basis of assumption and the very slender
foundation of ascertained fact' on which Sir Norman Lockyer and Mr.
Penrose's recent calculations of the age of Stonehenge rest. " One may
well doubt whether anything is gained by these attempts to help out the
deficiencies of archaeology with the aid of astronomy. Archaeology is
all the worse if an uncertain date is made to masquerade as a certainty
in plumes borrowed from astronomers; and astronomy which has a
character for accuracy to lose is apt to lose it in the company."

Stonehenge. The Story of its Building and its

Legends. By Arthur J. Ireland. London : James Henderson &
Sons, Red Lion House, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, E.C. Price 6d.
Pamphlet, cr. 8vo, 1903, pp. 18. Six cuts : — What Stonehenge looked
like originally — The Inner Trilithons — Plan of Stonehenge — The Leaning
Stone which has been placed in position — The Friar's Heel and the
Slaughter Stone — Stonehenge as it is.

A useful little account, brought up to date, and approving of the
enclosure.

■ The question of the action of the County Council in the matter of
the alleged right of way at Stonehenge was discussed at the meeting of
the council on July 8th, 1903, and the discussion is fully reported in the
Devizes Gazette, July 9th, in which a brief history of the case from the
beginning is given. The council unanimously decided that it was not
their business to move in the matter of bringing the alleged rights of
way before the courts, but it was stated that the matter would be taken
into the courts by other bodies at no distant date.

— — An appeal for ,£2000 to enable the Commons and Footpaths

Preservation Society "to bring the question of the public access to the
monument fairly and fully before a legal tribunal " appeared in The Times,
July 15fch, 1903, signed by G. Shaw Lefevre, E. N. Buxton, Robert
Hunter, and H. D. Rawnsley. The Standard, Oct. 31st, stated that up
to that date ,£1650 had been promised in answer to this appeal.

At the meeting of the Wilts County Council on August 4th, 1903,

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 189

(reported Devizes Gazette, &c, August 6th,) the chairman announced
the receipt of a letter from Sir Edmund Antrobus stating that he was
willing to sell Stonehenge, including an area surrounding it not exceeding
eight acres, for fifty thousand pounds to some public body, At the same
meeting the council unanimously declined to contribute <£500 towards
the. expenses of the Commons and Footpaths Preservation Society in
taking legal action with regard to the right of public access to Stonehenge.

St01ielieilg*6. Sir Edmund Antrobus's offer to sell is the subject of a
leading article in the Standard, July 17th, 1903, expressing the hope
that some millionaire may come forward and present Stonehenge to the
nation.

The Wilts County Mirror, Nov. 13th, 1903, quotes from an article

in The Architect, on the subject, taking the side of the Commons Preser-
vation Society, and the daily papers of Aug. 21st, the Salisbury Journal
of Aug. 22nd, and Devizes Gazette of August 27th, print a letter from
"the Rt. Hon. G. Shaw Lefevre to Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice announcing
that the Commons and Footpaths Preservation Society were about to
commence legal proceedings, but that they would be glad to see the
negociations for the sale of Stonehenge to a public body brought to a
successful issue, " provided it is clearly understood that the fence which
so disfigures the monument will be removed."

At a meeting of the County Finance Committee, on Oct. 17th, a

letter from the Treasury was read stating that the Lords of the Treasury
are not prepared to purchase Stonehenge at the price of ±'50,000.
Devizes Gazette, Nov. 19th, 1903.

Malmesbury Abbey. The Monastery of St. Peter and St. Paul, by
J. Gr. Holmes. A paper on the history and architecture of the Abbey, in
Bristol Diocesan Magazine, Oct. and Nov., 1899, and Jan., 1900, with
three good process illustrations: — S. View, 1899 — Ruins of East End,
showing North Arch of Transept — North Wall of Nave, showing Pier
Arches, Triforium, and Clerestory.

StantOIl PitZWarren, The Church of St. Leonard, by C. E. Ponting,
F.S.A. Reprinted from Wilts Arch. Mag. in Bristol Diocesan Magazine,
March, 1900, with process illustration of the Font, pp. 75 — 80.

190

Poetry of Thomas Moore, selected and arranged by C. Litton

Faulkner. Pott 8vo. 2*. 6d. net. 1903. Macmillan & Co. : Golden
Treasury Series.

Bishop L. G-. Mylne, Vicar of St. Mary's, Marlborough. "Facts
about the Education Act of 1902. A sermon preached in St. Mary's
Church, Marlborough, on Sunday, October 25th, 1903. Marlborough :
Times O^qq. 1903. P. 8£ X h\. Reprinted from Marlborough Times.
Pp. 12.

Noticed, Guardian, Nov. 25th; Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, Dec,
1903.

Iietitia Carter (of Salisbury). " Stephen Grey." London: Partridge
& Co. 1903. A novel.

Noticed, Wilts County Mirror, July 31st, 1903.

H. W. Ward, F.R.H.S. " The Book of the Peach." Walter Scott
Publishing Co. London and Newcastle-on-Tyne. 1903. Price 2s. Qd.
net.

Noticed, Spectator, Aug. 15th; Guardian, Sept. 30th; Salisbury
Journal, Aug. 15th, 1903.

ReV. Eyre HuSSey. "Carita." Jacob. 3s. Qd.' A novel.

Sir Vincent H. P. Caillard. "Imperial Fiscal Reform."
Cr. 8vo. London : Edwin Arnold. 1903. Price 3s. 6d. net.

Emma Marie Caillard. "Individual Immortality." London:
John Murray. 1903.

F. E. Bennett. The Fiscal Question. London: Simpkin, Marshall,
& Co.; Salisbury: Brown & Co. Pamphlet. Price 3d. In favour of
Free Trade.

Reviewed at length in Salisbury Journal, Oct. 24th, 1903.

ReV. G". T. P, Streeter Rector of Orcheston St. Mary. "Words
of Wisdom." George Bell & Sons. 2*. 1903. A collection of the
sayings of Christ.

Books, &c. by Wiltshire Authors.

191

Rev. Theodore P. Bull, Chaplain of the Infirmary, Salisbury.
"Anticon, an Examination and Refutation of Mr. Athelstan Riley's
' Worship and Matter,' read at the Church Congress at Northampton,
1902. Salisbury. 1903. Printed by Beal & Anset, Endless Street, and
published by the author. Price 1*. net. Boards. 7x5. Pp. 65.
Reviewed, Salisbury Journal, Oct. 17th, 1903.

Catalogue of the Collection of Palsearctic Butterflies
formed by the late John Henry Leech and pre-
sented to the Trustees of the British Museum by
his Mother, Mrs. Eliza Leech. By Richard South, f.e.s.

(Trustees of the British Museum). [Mr. Leech was of Hurdcott House,
in Baverstock.]

Reviewed in Athenceum, 29th August, 1903, p. 293.

PORTRAITS,

LORD METHUEN. The Sphere, March 15th, 1902.

SIR MICHAEL HICKS-BEACH. The Sphere, Sept. 29th, 1900. "Ad-
dressing the House. The Sphere (full-page), April 19th, 1902. Our
Conservative and Unionist Statesmen, two vols., 4to. 1903.

MRS. EDWARD TENNANT (author of "Village Notes ") and her son.
The Sphere, July 7th, 1902.

RT. HON. GEORGE WYNDHAM. The Sphere, July 7th, 1900. Our
Conservative and Unionist Statesmen, two vols., 4to. 1903.

COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE. The Ladies' Field, Aug. 15th, 1903.

MISS RUBY W. SWINHOE, of Swindon. Hearth and Home, Nov.
12th, 1903.

MISS ANNA ELIZABETH MANN, d. of Mr. W. J. Mann, of Highfield,
Hilperton (Mrs. Llewellyn), Hearth and Home, August 6th, 1903.

SIR MICHAEL HERBERT. The Sketch, Oct. 7th ; Black and White,
Oct. 10th ; with his two sons, Illustrated Mail, Oct. 10th, 1903.

BISHOP OF BRISTOL (G. F. BROWNE). Our Waifs and Strays,
Nov., 1903.

FRANK FLETCHER, Head Master of Marlborough College. Illust.
London News, June 27th, 1903.

CAPT. T. HOOPER DEACON, of Swindon, Secretary of the V. W. H.
(Cricklade) Hunt. The Country Gentleman, Aug. 15th, 1903.

MAJOR GODFREY DALRYMPLE WHITE, Grenadier Guards, Unionist
Candidate for East Wilts. Devizes Gazette, June 11th, 1903.

THE DUKE OF SOMERSET. The Sphere, Aug. 3rd, 1902.

SIR VINCENT H. P. CAILLARD. Edward Arnold's list of books. 1903.

192

Books, &c, by Wiltshire Authors.

T. JACKSON, Mayor of Marlborough. Wilts Advertiser, Oct. 22nd, 1903.

DANIEL WILLIAM BUTLER, Chairman, Devizes Rural District Council.
Wilts Advertiser, Aug. 20th, 1903.

G. T. SMITH, Mayor of Devizes. Wilts Advertiser, Nov. 26th, 1903.

VALENTINE ISAAC BERRY, Vice-Chairman of Devizes Board of
Guardians. Wilts Advertiser, Nov. 5th, 1903.

E. R. PALMER and ESTHER SWINFORD, the Swindon Murderer
and his victim. Wilts Advertiser, Nov. 19th, 1903.

BISHOP OF SALISBURY (Dr. J. Wordsworth). The Sphere, Oct. 5th,
1901. Black aud White, Oct. 10th, 1903.

BISHOP MYLNE (Vicar of St. Mary's, Marlborough). The Sphere, Oct.
5th, 1901.

MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE. The Sphere, Feb. 22nd, 1902. Our
Conservative and Unionist Statesmen, two vols., 4to. 1903.

DEAN OF SALISBURY (the late G. D. Boyle). The Sphere, April 6th,
1901.

THE EARLS OF RADNOR (5th and 6th Earls). The Sphere, June 16th,
1900.

RT. HON. AV. H. LONG. The Sphere, Sept. 29th, 1900. Our Conservative
and Unionist Statesmen, 4to, two vols. 1903.

DUCHESS OF BEAUFORT. The Lady's World, Feb., 1902.

RUDYARD KIPLING, from portrait by Hon. John Collier, exhibited at
New Gallery, May 18th, 1901. The Sphere.

THE POET CRABBE. Devizes Gazette, Oct. 29th, 1903, has a notice of
a portrait of the poet painted about 1830 by William Millington, of
Trowbridge, now, together with a view of the interior of Trowbridge
Church before the restoration, by the same artist, in possession of Mr.
Henry Millington, of Trowbridge, the artist's son. The only other
authentic portrait of Crabbe is believed to be that in the possession of
Mr. John Murray, the publisher, painted by Philipps. It was hoped
that these pictures might be secured for the town of Trowbridge.

PERSONAL NOTICES.

LEONARD RAVEN HILL. An article by T. Martin Wood, in Western
Daily Press, Oct. 15th; M.A.P., Dec. 5th, 1903.

LADY LANSDOWNE. Notice in M.A.P., Oct. 24th, 1903.

LADY DICKSON POYNDER. Notice in M.A.P., Nov. 7th, 1903.

JOHN BOND, born at Salisbury in 1800, went to Sydney, with his father
in 1809, was one of the earliest settlers in the colony of Victoria, having
gone to Melbourne with Batman, in 1835. He is still living in Melbourne,
and his portrait was given in The Australasian, a Melbourne paper, for
March 16th, 1901. Salisbury Journal, April 27th, 1901. _

Books, &c, by Wiltshire Atothors.

193

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Mai'lbOrOUgh College. Gateway and Avenue, The Old House,
High Street Approach, Museum Block, Chapel Interior, Cricket Pavilion,
"Foster's," Duck's Bridge, Marlborough from the Cricket Field. — Nine
Photogravures from the series of etchings by E. J. Burrow published a
few years ago, size, including margin, 10 X 8. Price 15s. the set.
Published by W. H. Beynon & Co., of Cheltenham. 1903.

LOIlglea/t. Country Life, May 2nd, 1903, has a short article with three
fine photographs of the interior : — White Marble Chimneypiece in Saloon
-The Hall, West Side— The Hall, East and South Sides.

Bulford. The Headquarters of the 2nd Army" Corps, The New Camp,
The Sphere, Nov. 2nd, 1901.

The Tomb of Crabbe's Father and Mother, in Aideburgh

Churchyard. The Sphere, Aug. 24th, 1901.

EdingtOXl Church. The Treasury, Sept., 1903, p. 1063.

LaCOCk. Country Life, Aug. 22nd, 1903, gave eight admirable process
views in the village of Lacock, with letterpress : — Manor Farm, The
Steading— The Tithe Barn— The Manor Farm— The Bise— The Chippen-
ham Boad — Where Chippenham Market was formerly held — Tne Lion
Inn — Lion Lane.

StOIieheilge. Cut showing the fallen stones. Wiltshire Advertiser,
January 10th, 1901.

"The Fall of a Trilithon at Stonehenge." The Sphere, Jan. 19th,

1901, contains five illustrations : — In the Centre of Stonehenge — Stone-
henge before the Accident — Salisbury Cathedral — Ground-Plan of
Stonehenge — General View, showing Fallen Stones.

New Badge for the 1st Wilts Volunteers. Cut in Wilts

County Mirror, July 17th, 1903.

Presentation of Prizes to Wilts Volunteers at Bound

way, by the Duchess of Somerset. Wiltshire Advertiser, June, 1903.

Marlborough. Lord Boberts inspecting the Motor Volunteers. Cut,
Daily Graphic, Sept. 21st, 1903.

194

Books, &c, by Wiltshire Authors.

Map to illustrate the Manoeuvres. Ti mes, Sept. 22nd, 1903.

Salisbury Cathedral. Statue of St. Edmund of Canterbury erected
on West Front. The Sphere, Feb. 1st, 1902.

The Vast Vane of the Cathedral — Spire with the

Steeple Jacks Aloft; two illustrations of an article by A. G. Phillips,
" How I climbed the highest Spire in England, and what I did and saw
there. The Sphere, Dec. 27th, 1902.

Salisbury, Joiner's Hall. Illustrated in article on the National
Trust in Pearson's Mag., Oct., 1903, p. 381.

Salisbury. Wyndham Park Conservative Club

HOUSe. Cut in Wilts County Mirror, Nov. 20th, 1903.

Eighteen Pictorial FOStCardS, "with views of Salisbury

and surrounding camps, printed and published by Gale & Polden, Ltd.,
Wellington Works, Aldershot, and at London. Qd. nett."

They comprise : — Field-Marshal Sir Evelyn Wood, V.C., Commanding
2nd Army Corps, and his Staff— Salisbury Cathedral, Exterior and
interior — Clock Tower and County Hotel — Poultry Cross — Headquarters
2nd Army Corps — Bulford Camp — Ditto, Church of England Soldiers'
Institute — Ditto, Artillery Huts — Ditto, Mounted Infantry — Ditto,
E.H.A. Camp, Beacon Hill — Bulford Village, Water Street — Brigade
Camp, Parkhouse — Parkhouse Camp, near Tidworth — Camp in Tidworth
Park — Tidworth House, Headquarters of 4th Division, 2nd Army Corps
— Stonehenge — Amesbury, High Street.

Barford St. Martin and Burcombe, Troops passing through.

Three illustrations in The Sphere, Aug. 25th, 1900.

195

Museum.

Presented by Mr. J. W. Kingston : Romano-British Urn, from the Kilns at

Broomsgrove Farm, Pewsey.
,, Rev. C. V. Goddard : Token.
,, Mr. E. Cook: Roman Coin.

Messrs. W. Cunnington, B. H. Cunnington, and J. H. Powell ;

A series of Implements and natural Flints, from the Knowle

Pit, illustrative of the glazing, glacial scratchings, &c., with

notes by Mr. W. Cunnington, F.G.S.
,, Mr. B. H. Cunnington : Iron Rack for baking (cleaning)

Churchwarden Pipes. Modern Harvest Bottle.

Library.

Presented by The Author (The Bishop of Bristol) : St. Aldhelm, his Life

and Times. 1903.
,, The Publisher (Mr. F. G. O. Stuart) : Gems of Salisbury.
,, The Publisher (Mr. R. R. Edwards) : The Graphic Guide to

Salisbury.

,,' The Author (Bishop Mylne) : Sermon — Facts about the

Education Act.
,, The Author (Mr. S. G. Perceval) : Pamphlet.
,, The Author (Rev. E. H. Goddard) : Articles on the Museum,

from The Antiquary.
,, The Author (Canon Wordsworth) : The Fifteenth Century

Cartulary of St. Nicholas' Hospital, Salisbury. 1903.

Two other Pamphlets.
Thh Author (Rev. T. Bull) : Anticon, Salisbury. 1903.
,, Mr. A. Schomberg: Wilts Pamphlet.

,, The Publishers (Messrs. Macmillan) : Crabbe, by Canon
Ainger. 1903.

,, The Publishers (James Henderson & Sons) : Stonehenge.

The Story of its Building and its Legends.
,, The Publishers (Messrs. Dotesio & Todd) : Visitor's Guide to

Bradford-on-Avon. 1903.
„ Mr. G. E. Dartnell: Three Wilts Pamphlets. Illustrations,

&c.

,, Mr. A. D. Passmore : The Works of Bishop Jewel. 4to. 1611.
— — Wilts Sale Catalogue Pamphlet.

196

The Museum Building Fund.

m Presented by Mr. E. C. Schomberg : N. Wilts Poll Book. 1868.

,, Lady Antrobus : Two fine Engravings of Portraits at Amesbury.

,, Mr. J. Sadler: Work by John Norris, of Bemerton.

„ Mr. H. E. Medlicott: N. Wilts Cb. Magazine. Diocesan

Gazette. Four Estates Sale Catalogues. Devizes

Gazette for 1903.

,, The Author (Mr. E. F. Bosanquet) [" S. Ashton."J : Cuckoo.

The Green Cat. Peggy and Gill.

,, Mr. E. 0. P. Bouverie : File of Devizes Advertiser.
,, Rev. C. V. Goddard : Pamphlet.

,, Mrs. H. Cunnington : Visitors' Book of the " Devizes and
Wiltshire Loan Exhibition," 1840.— — A number of Wilt-
shire Pamphlets. The Art of Ingeniously Tormenting,

by Miss Jane Collier Duck's Poems, 4to.

,, Mrs. Forrester : Garsdon Pamphlet.

,, Mr. W. Heward Bell : Quarterly Journal of Geological

Society, and Proceedings of Geologists' Association.
,, Rev. G. P. Toppin : Cuttings and Illustrations.
,, Mr. F. H. Goldney : Leaflet of verses by W. C, of Broad
Chalke, 1789.

to the present time the subscriptions which have been
paid in or promised in answer to the appeal put forth by
the Society after the Annual Meeting of 1903 for funds to enlarge
the Museum, and of which a list is printed below, amount in all
to £350, from seventy-eight subscribers. A much larger sum
will be necessary in order to carry out even a part of the scheme
which the committee had before them when they issued the appeal
for £2000, a scheme which would provide two large new rooms,
affording space sufficient probably to meet all requirements for
many years to come. The enlargement is a matter of the most

The Museum Building Fund.

197

urgent necessity. The site was bought by the Society last year,
and the Committee earnestly appeal, not only to all Members to
give something, but also more widely to all those in the county and
beyond it who desire to see local antiquities preserved properly in
the county to which they belong.

The subscriptions marked * have been already paid.

£

s.

d.

£

s.

d.

Lord Lansdowne

50

0

0

E. O. P. Bouverie

3

3

0

Lord Bath

50

0

0

T. Harris

3

3

0*

G. P. Fuller

25

0

0*

Canon Wordsworth

3

3

0*

Sir Audley Neeld,

Justly W. Awdry

2

2

0*

Bart

25

o

o

Mrs. Forrester2

2

0*

G. LI. Palmer

20

o

o

Eev. G. E. Hadow

2

2

0*

F. H. Goldney

10

10

0*

J. T. Jackson

2

2

0

Lord Avebury

10

o

0*

Miss Jefferies

2

2

0*

W. Cunnington

10

o

0*

Miss Pleydell Bou-

A. C. Pass

10

o

o

verie

2

0

0*

C. E. H. A. Colston

5

5

o

E. C. Beaven

1

1

0*

A. Grant-Meek

5

5

0*

Eev.W. P. S. Bingham 1

1

0*

T. J. Bennett

5

0

0*

J. E. G Bradford

1

1

0*

Miss Clark

5

o

o

G. T. Chafyn Grove

1

1

0*

E. Cook

5

o

o

G. E. Dartnell

1

1

0*

Eev. J. H. Ellis

5

o

0*

M. H. W. Devenish

1

1

0*

Eev. E. H. Goddard 5

o

0*

E. Eyres

1

1

0*

C. F. Hart

5

A

u

u

J. Fisher

1

1

0*

Lord Llangattock

5

0

0*

Eev. F. Harrison

1

1

0*

E. C. Lowndes

5

0

0

G. Jackson

1

1

0

Sir Godfrey Lushin

CP-

Eev. E. U. Lambert

1

1

0*

ton

5

0

0*

A. C. Mitchell

1

1

0*

W. J. Mann

5

0

0*

Major Money-Kyrle 1

1

0*

W. J. E. WarryStoneo

0

0*

A. Schomberg

1

0

0*

W. Stratton

5

0

0

Eev. C. F. Wyatt

1

1

0

C. H. Talbot

5

0

0

Eev. C. E. Barnwell 1

0

0*

G. S. A. Waylen

5

0

0

E. W. Merriman

1

0

0*

Eev. 0\ V. Goddard 4

0

0

D. Owen

1

0

0*

198

The Museum Fund.

£

£.

J. Selman

1

0

0*

Eev. E. Z. Walker

1

0

0

Col. Ward

1

0

0*

E. D. Gillman

10

6

A. Goldsbrough

10

6*

Captain Godsall

10

6*

Eev. J. A. Lloyd

10

6*

Eev. M. T. Milling

10

6*

H. Eichardson

10

6*

W. Eose

10

6

G. T. Smith

10

6

C. H. Woodward

10

6

Eev. E. G. Brown

10

0*

£ s. d.

Eev. E. P. Knubley 10 0*

Eev. H. C. Palmer 10 0*

Eev. A. Gordon Eoss 10 0*

E. Stone 10 0*

T. A. J. Pile 7 6*

H. W. Beaven 5 0*

W. E. Bird 5 0*

Eev. E. Chamber laine 5 0 *

Miss Dowding 5 0*

E. A. Fry 5 0*

Miss Schomberg 5 0*

Miss L. B. Schomberg 5 0*

C, H, Woodward, Printer and Publisher, 4, St. John Street, Devizes

WILTS

Account

Dr.

1902.
Jan. 1st. %
Dec. 31st.

d.

2

Dr.

1902.
Jan 1st.
Nov. 20th.
Dec. 31st

Audited f
M

198

The Museum Fund.

£

'S.

£.

1

o

0*

Eev. E. Z. Walker

1

0

o

Col. Ward

1

o

0*

E D Grillman

10

6

A CrnldslyroiiP'h

10

6*

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f rfjjtfologiral nnir lUtoal lisfonj
MAGAZINE.

No. CI. JUNE, 1904 Vol. XXXIII.

Contents. PAGE

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber (Continued) 199

The Eoman Villa at Box: By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A 236

Notes on Durrington : By Kev. C. S. Buddie 269

Durrington and Durnford Churches: By C. E. Ponting, F.S.A.... 277
Letters concerning the Boundaries of Cranborne Chase : Com-
municated by Miss M. Eyre Matcham, of Newhouse 289

Erlestoke and its Manor Lords : By John Watson-Taylor 295

Wilts Obituary 312

Kecent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles 314

Books, &c, by Wiltshire Authors 337

Additions to Museum and Library 342

Account of Receipts and Disbursements of the Society 344

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Roman Villa at Box — Plan of Site 242

Roman Villa at Box, Wilts — General Plan 245

Pavement of Passages round Court 245

Pavement of Passage IV 247

Hypocaust of Chamber V 247

Pavement of Chamber VI 248

Pavement of Chamber VI 248

Hypocaust of Chamber VII 248

Restored Pavement of Chamber VIII 249

- Hypocaust of Chamber X 250

Capital found built up in foundations 253

Buttresses of Added Building ,t 255

Figure of Huntsman in a niche 255

Section of bath looking south 258

Section of west wall of Chamber XXXIV 259

Plan of West Wing, excavated later 261

Durrington Church, South Side, 1850 277

Durrington Church, 1850, before restoration — Plan 278

Durrington Church, 1850, before restoration — N. Elevation 280
Durrington Church, 1850, before restoration — E. and W.

Elevations 282

Great Durnford Church, South Side. 1903 283

Great Durnford Church, Font. 1903 285

Great Durnford Church, Interior. 1903 287

Calstone Church 316

Cherhill Barn 316

Avebury Church. Interior from South Aisle showing the

Saxon Clerestory Windows 317

Hilraarton Church. Screen from the Chancel showing

Squint, Ambulatory, and Rood Loft Stairs 318

The Whitefield Chapel, Bradenstoke 319

Old Chest in Calne Church 320

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THE

WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.

" MULTORUM MANTRTTS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS." — Ovid.

June, 1904.

Ipwrtoit % Case fa t\t Mnx Cbamber.

(Continued from page 168.J

" Interrogatories on the part of and behalf of Benett Jey and Isabell hys
wyfe ayenst Sir Edmund Brydges knyght.

"1. In primis whether the xxixth daye of January last [1547 — 8] or
theraboutes the seyd Sir Edmund Brydges James More John Bradeby
otherwyse Taylour Gabryell Kede and other riotous persons to the seyd
Benett and Isabell vnknowen to the nombre of xij persons dyd ryotously
assemble them selfes togeyther at Puryton in the Countye of Wiltes and
then and there in forcyble maner arrayed ayenst the Kynges peace forcybly
and ryotously entred into the manor of Puryton af orseyd with thappurtenaunces
beyng the mancion house of the seyd compleynauntes or not. / or howe many
persons then and there were present that dyd so entre into the same and
what were theyr names and what weapyns they then had to your knowlege./

"2. Item whether the aforenamed persons or any of them dyd then and
there make assault vppon oon George Browne Jane Webbe and Agnes Symkes
or vppon any of them then beyng seruauntes to the seyd compleynauntes
and then and there dyd beate them or any of them or putt them in danger
or feare of theyr lyues or in any feare or not / and who it were and what
were theyr names and with what weapyns they then and there dyd so bete
assault or feare the same persons or any of them. /

" 3. Item wheder the seyd defendaunt and other the aforenamed ryotous
persons or any of them dyd with force and armes or ryotously breke open a
wolle house doore of the seyd compleynauntes there beyng nere theyr seyd
mancion house or not. /

" 4. Item whether James More John Edwardes and oon Pery seruauntes of
the seyd Sir Edmund Brydges or any of them the vth daye of Februarye last
past at Puryton aforseyd with lyke force and armes as aforseyd ryotously
and forcybly dyd breke and entre into the duffe house of the seyd com-
pleynauntes and all theyr doues being aboue iijc couple then and there dyd

VOL. XXXIII. — NO. CI. 0

200

Pur ton, A Case in the Star Chamber.

kyll dystroye and feare-awey or not. / or how many dowffes they dyd kyll
feare and dryue awey, and what the same doues that were then and there
dystroyed and feared awey were worth. /

" 5. Item how often tymes the seyd defendaunt hath putt hys horses into
the Court of the seid pleyntyffes amonges theyr cattail and wheder the same
horses by such puttyng in haue eatyn and dystroyed such hey as the pleyn-
tyffes cattail were fothered with all or not. /

" 6 Item whether the late abbott and couent of the late monasterye of
Malmesbury in the countie of Wyltes by theyr dede indentid sealed with the
couent seales of the seyd abbott and couent beryng date the iiijth daye of
Septembre in the vijth yere of the reygn of or late souerayn lord Kyng Henry
the viijth by oon assent and concent dyd demyse grauntte and lett to ferme
to oon Rychard Pulley and Margarett hys wyfe and to Ambrose Edmond
and to the seyd Isabell oon of the compleynauntes and Gyles their childern
named in the seyd indenture and byll the seyd scyte of the seyd manor of
Puryton with thappurtenaunces and the parsonage of Puryton aforseyd with
all tythez and landes to the seyd scyte and parsonage perteynyng vsed or
belongyng and also all maner tythez what so euer of and in the seid lordship
of Puryton to the offyce of the Chamberleyn of the seyd late monasterye
perteynyng with all and synguler theyr appurtenaunces speciefied in the seyd
Indenture and not exceptid out of the seyd lease. / To haue and hold all the
seyd manor and other the premyssez / except the thynges in the seyd In-
denture exceptid / to the seyd Rychard Margarett Ambrose Edmund Isabell
and Gyles in maner and forme as in the byll of compleynt of the seyd
pleyntyffes therof made ys allegid or not. / And wheder the seyd Indenture
be not a true Indenture and the very dede of the seyd abbot and couent or
of the more part of them or not. /

" 7. Item wheder the seyd John Precye named and auctoryzed oon of the
attorneys in the seid dede indentid to delyuer possession and seysen to the
seyd Rychard Margarett Ambrose Edmund Isabell and Gyles dyd delyuer
seysen or possession to them or to any of them of and in the seyd ferme
landes tenementes and other the premyssez so leassed or demysed or not. /

" 8. Item wheder the seyd Isabell now compleynaunt and named in the
seyd Indenture of lease were borne and had her byrth at the tyme of the
seyd delyuere of seysen or possession or not. /

"9. Item wheder the seyd Sir Edmund at Easter last past dyd perceyue
or take to his own vse with out the wylle and concent of the seyd pleyntyffes
such tythez as were and yet be to them due in the parysshe of Puryton
aforseyd byforce of the seyd Indenture of lease therof to the seyd Isabell and
other so made or not / and what tythez it were and to what sum of money
the same tythez so by the seyd defendaunt taken do arryse and amount vnto./

" 10. Item wheder the seyd Sir Edmond Brydges hath entred into xix
acres of land at Puryton aforseyd beyng parcell of the scyte of the manor
of Puryton with thappurtenaunces so demysed by the seyd Indenture of
lease and the same doith occupye and taketh the profittes therof to hys owne
vse or not. and what the same ar worth by yere and wheder the same haue
been heretofore occupied by the fermers of the seid manor or not. /

"11. Item wheder the seyd Sir Edmund Brydges hath denyed or

Purton. A Cam in the Star Chamber.

201

restrayned the seyd pleyntyffes of hauyng of xxt! lodes of wodde in Bradon
Wodde yerely accordyng to the purport of the seyd Indenture of lease or
not / and howe long and duryng what tyme he hath so restrayned and kept
them from the seyd wodde. /

" 12. Item wheder the seyd defendaunt hath caused Ixx trees to be cutt down
in oonof the seuerall pasture of the seyd pleyntyffes and hath suffred the same
trees to lye there ever sithen Cristynmas last past or not / and to what sum of
money you esteme the grasse to be of that ground which the seyd trees have
dystroyed in the same pasture by reason of lying thereof.

" 13. Item wheder oon John Brydges and James More seruauntes to the
seyd defendaunt at ij or iij seuerall tymes haue entred in the court of the
seyd pleyntyffes with a hande gunne and then and there dyd shote and kyll

with the seyd gunne hennes and capons of the seyd pleyntyffes or

not / or howe many hennes and capons they then and there kylled and what
the same were worth. /

" 14. Item wheder the seyd John Brydges dyd shote a pellett out of a
handegunne into the kechyn of the seyd pleyntyffes / theyr seruaunttes then
beyng in the same or not. /

"15. Item wheder the seyd defendaunt hath caused hys seruauntes to putt
horses into seuerall pastures and corne feyldes of the seyd pleyntyffes or not /
and how many horses and howe often they were so putt in and what was
the corne worth that they haue eatyn of the seyd pleyntyffes. /

" 16. Item wheder the seyd Sir Edmund Brydges aboutt the xth daye of
Marche last past procured and caused oon Henry Brydges hys brother and
hys seyd Bereward to come and entre into a certen pasture called Wynde-
myllhyll beyng parcell of the premyssez graunttid to the seyd pleyntyffes as
aforeseyd and then and there to take oon calue of the seyd pleyntyffes and to
cutt of the tayle of the same calue hard by the rompe and to stone or cutt of
the eares of the same calue nere by the hedde and also to cutt of the clawes
of the fete of the same calue or not. / and of what age the seyd calf was and
what he was worth. /

" 17. Item whether the seyd Bereward and dyuers other of the seruauntes
of the seyd defendaunttes dyd lately lede and dryue a beare of the same
defendauntes into the seyd pasture called Wyndemylhyll and dyd there lett
the same beare lose and putt grett dogges at the same beare or not / and
wheder iij of the pleyntyffes kyne beyng then in the same pasture and beyng
grett with calues dyd cast theyr calues or not / and wheder both the same
kyne and calues dyed within iij or iiij dayes then next ensuyng after the seyd
yvyll handlyng feare and chacyng which they then had by reason of the seyd
beare and dogges so then beyng in the same pasture or not. / And what were
the names of the seid defendauntes seruauntes that so dyd the same and
wheder they dyd the same by the procurement of the seyd Sir Edmund or
not. / And what ye thynke the same kyne and calues were worth. /

" 18. Item wheder the seyd James More and other of the seruaunttes of
the seyd defendauntes aboute the xxvjth daye of Februarye last past [1547-8]
dyd cast downe into a welle of the seyd pleyntyffes beyng at the seyd mancion
house of the same pleyntyffes oon cart lode of dunge and other thynges or
not. / and wheder the water of the same welle by occasion therof was clene

O 2

202 Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

stopped and dystroyed Vntyll the tyme the seyd pleyntiffes caused the same
welle to be clensed or not. / and wheder the same were doon by the cum-
mandement assent or procurement of the seyd defendaunt or not / and wheder
ye thynke in your conscience that the seyd Sir Edward (sic) were priuey
assentyng or agreying to the same or not. /

" 19. Item wheder the seyd defendaunt hath so threapened and manassed

oon Anthony Doswell beyng poore laboryng men

which were accustomed to come and labor and to doo worke with the seyd
pleyntyffes for theyr hyre and wages that they ne any of them dare not nowe
come. and worke ne do any labour with the same pleyntyffes for feare of the
dyspleasure of the seyd defendaunt or not. /

" 20. Item whether the seyd Sir Edmund Brydges hath stretly warned
forbydd and monysshed oon John Ware John Wevyng and Wylliam Webbe
who were accustomed to kepe the seyd mancion house of the seid pleyntyffes
when they were absent that they ne any of them shuldnomore lye in the seyd
mancion house of the seyd compleynauntes ne yet kepe the same / And
wheder the same Ware Wevyng and Webbe or any of them at any tyme
sythen the seyd monycion kept or leyn in the same house or not. /"

Star Chamber Proceedings, Edward VI.
Bundle I., No. 39.

" Ex. xiij0 Nouembris " Examinacio testium facta super [interrogatoriis]
An0 secundo E. vju. [13th per Benedictum Jey ministratis.

Nov., 1548.]

" John Messenger of Puriton in the [county] of Wiltes' yoman of thage
of xlij yeres [and] aboue sworne, &c.

"To the first second iij"1 iiijth and vth he sayeth he cannot depose to the
contentes of thes interrogatories. /

" To the vjth he saithe that by all the tyme of his remembrance whiche is
aboute a xxx yeres this deponent hathe knowen that Bichard Pulley father
to Isabell Jeye oone of the complainauntes during his lyfe dyd occupye and
enioye the ferme the of same manor of Puryton with the parsonage
of Puriton vnder the late abbotes for the tyme being of the late mon-
astry of Malmesbury, and dyd percyue receyve and take the profettes
and commodyties therof by all his lyfe tyme / And after his decease
whiche was a xv or xvi yeres paste Margaret Pulley his wife dyd
occupie and enioye the same during her lyfe tyme / And after her decease
whiche was aboute a iij yeres past the same Isabell now complainaunt her
daughter dyd occupie the same and hath euersythe enioyed the same in
peaseable [maner] / And this deponent neuer herde the contrary but that
they haue so occupied and enioyed the same by vertue of an Indenture of
lease to them made therof by the late abbote and covent of Malmesbury /
And ne contradiction made therin by any persone to his knoledge as he saithe /
And more towchinge this interrogatory he canne not depose /.

"To the vijth he saithe he herde John Precye saye that he was attorney
namyd in the same Indenture to delyuer seison and possession of the same
premisses / and that he accordingly dyd delyuer possession therof vnto the

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

203

same Kichard Pulley and the resideue namyd in the same Indenture aboute
a xxxij or xxxiij yeres past /.

" To the viij he cannot depose /.

" To the ix he cannot depose /.

" To the xth he saithe that the same xix acres mencyoned in this interrogatory
haue allwayes by all the tyme of his remembraunce byn occupied by the
fermors of the same manor of Puryton / But whether the saide Mr. Bridges
hathe or dothe now take the profettes therof he saithe he knowith not /.

" To the xj he cannot depose /.

"To the xij he saithe that the same Sir [Edmund] Bridges hathe felly d
certen trees vpon the [land] of the complainauntes wherof he saithe the
[most parte] he hathe carryed awaye and some yet [remain] ther behinde /
And he supposithe no great [hurt] or losse to be in the grasse of the [com-
plainauntesj ther by lyeng of the trees ther /.

" To the xiij and all the reside we of thes interrogatories he saith he can
nothinge depose."

[Attested by mark.']

" William Eobbyns of Puriton aforesaid husbandman of thage of Ix. yeres
sworne, &c.

" To the first second iij iiij and vth he cannot depose to thes interrogatories
" To the vjth he saithe that he hathe byn inhabitant in Puriton by the space
of xxli yeres. In the wiche tyme he saithe he hathe knowen that the same
Eichard Pulley during his lyfe tyme dyd occupie and enioye the same manor
of Puriton and the parsonage of Puriton with all thappurtenaunces as fermor
to the late abbotes of Malmesbury for the tyme being and after his decease
Margaret his wife dyd occupie and enioye the same by the space of [a] dosen
yeres vntyll she dyed / And after her decease whiche was aboute a iij yeres
past the same Isabell her daughter now complainaunt dyd enter the same
and hathe euersythe occupied and enioyed the same quyetly withoute any
contradiction / And this, deponent neuer herde the contrary / but that they
have enioyed the same successyvely by vertue of an indenture therof made
to them frome the same late abbotes of Malmesbury / And more therof he
knowith not. /

" To the vijth he saith he hathe herde John Precy saye that he was an
attorney namyd in the same dede indentyd and dyd delyuer seisyn and
possession of the same premysses accordingly /.

" To the viij he cannot depose /.

" To the ix he cannot depose /.

" To the xth he saithe that trew yt is that the same Sir Edmond Bridges
hathe enterid into the same xix acres mencyoned in this interrogatory by the
name of borde Lande / whiche this deponent saithe that he hathe knowen
the fermors of the manor of Puriton allwayes occupie as parcell of theyr f erme /

" To the xj he cannot depose /

"To the xij he saithe the same Sir Edmond hathe fellyd certen trees for
fewell vpon the grounde of the ferme of the saide [pleyntyfes which] he hathe
carryed awaye to this deponentes [knowledge] /

204

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

" To the xiii and all tlie residewe of thes interrogatories he saithe he knowith
nothing of the contentes therof /

[Attested by mark.]

" George Browne of Puriton aforesaid husbandman servant to the
plaintiff of thage of xxiiij yeres sworne, &c.

" To the first second and iijrd he saithe that at the tyme articulid the same
Sir Edmond Bridges accompanid with John Bradley James More John
Edwardes oone Perye Gabriell Rede Nicholas Brewer and John Ayleworthe
came to the mansion house of the same complainauntes they being then from
home and ther meting this deponent seruant in the howse ther the same Mr.
Bridges demaundyd him wher the ymage of Sl George was that was caryed
furthe of the churche / this deponent anwering that he coulde not tell / And
then [he] facyd this deponent saying that he had stolen yt awaye this
deponent denyeng the same And then the same Mr. Bridges gave this
deponent two buffettes on the face / wher with this deponent stopid backe and
went from him / And therupon he went into the kychin and ther founde
Agnes Symes a mayden seruant whom he bett also And from thens went to
the buttery and ther fynding Jane Webbe an other mayden seruant he bett
her also and threw her ageynst a cupborde And so hering saye that the
same image of Sl George was in the woll house ther he with a pycked staffe
causyd the dore to be broken open and so entrid and toke away the same
ymage of Sl George with him and so departyd And saith he so bett the
maydens bycause they wolde not tell him wher theyr mystres was nor
delyuer him the key of the same woll house And saithe the same persones
had swerdes and daggers and oone a pykd staffe /

"To the iiijth he saithe that within a vj dayes after James More John
Edwardes and oone Pery seruauntes to the same Mr. Bridges and other
personnes with them came to the same house of the pleyntyfe ther in the
nighte tyme and ther brake open the dofe house and kylled the younge dofes
and fearyd awaye the olde beinge then [above] a ccopleashe saythe and with
[staves] beate rounde aboute within the same dovehouse so that the same
doves so fearyd came not [ageyn] to the same howse as he saithe / And saithe
he knowith perfytly well that James More and John Edwardes seruauntes
of [Mr. Bridges] by him before namyd wer therat / for he saith [he] sawe
them and spake to them oute of a window And as towching the valor of
the doves so destroyed he saithe he knowith not /

" To the vth he saith that the same Mr. Bridges horses hathe sondry tymes
byn put in to the yarde of the saide pleyntyfe and ther eaten suche heye as
his cattail wer fotheryd with all / And none of the saide pleyntyfes seruauntes
durst turne them furthe for the saide Mr. Bridges and his seruauntes haue often
tymes beaten this deponent and other seruauntes of the pleyntyfe for so
turning his horses furthe / and he hathe stonde by whiles the childeren of
the howse haue dryven them furthe and sayde what harlot is that (meanyng
the wife of the howse as he saithe) that cannot suffer her Lande Lordes
horse to eate a bytt of haye emongest her beastes /

Pwrton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

205

" To the vj vij and viij he cannot depose /

" To the ix he saithe he herde the prest of Puriton saye that Mr. Bridges
had chargid him to cornmaunde the parishners to paye no tythes to the
pleyntyfe /

" To the xth he saithe that the same Mr. Bridges taketh the rent of the
same xix acres whiche is parcell of the manor of Puryton and hathe allwayes
byn occupied by the fermors of the same manor as he hathe herde seye /

" To the xjth he saithe that the saide Mr. Bridges hathe restrayned xxli loodes
of wood this yeare from the saide pleyntyfe wiche he shulde have had in
Braidon wood as he saithe /

" To the xijth he saith that the same Mr. Bridges hathe fellyd aboute a lx
trees in oone of the pastures of the saide pleyntyfe and hathe sufferid a
greate parte of them to lye styll on the grounde to the hurte and losse of the
grasse but how muche he knowith not /

" To the xiij he saithe he sawe John Bridges kyll with his hand gonne
oone henne of the pleyntyfes within his yarde and vsyth muche to shote
therwith aboute the pleyntyfes house /

" To the xiiij he cannot depose /

" To the xv he saithe the sayd Mr. Bridges horses hathe sondry tymes byn
put into the corne feldes of the saide pleyntyfe the corne grene on the grounde
and this deponent durst not put them furthe but at oone tyme tolde the same
Mr. Bridges therof and askyd whether he shulde put them furthe or no / who
answerid and chargid this deponent to lett them be ther styll /

" To the xvj he saith that Henry Bridges and J . . . Nicholas toke a
calfe of the saide pleyntyfes of . . . dayes age and cut of the tayle
therof and [the] eares by the hedde and also the hoves of . . . wherat
he saith he was not present / but sawe [the] calfe afterwardes so handelyd
wiche the same persones haue not denyed the doyng therof / but [sythe]
that tyme Mr. Bridges dyd offer mony for the same calfe so handelyd and
destroyid /

" To the xvij he saithe that Mr. Bridges Beareward and his seruauntes dyd
course a beare vpon the grounde callyd Wyndmyll Hill wher the pleyntyfes
kyen beinge greate with calfes dyd pasture And of the same kyen oone dyd
cast her calfe and two other of the kyen dyed greate with calfe / And as he
supposyth yt came miche throughe the coursing of the same beare emongest
them /

" To the xviij he saith ther was aboute a carte lood of dunge cast in to the
well of the plaintiff but by whome he knowith not / And by that meanes he
saith the water was stopid vntyll yt was therof clensid /

" To the xix he saithe he herde Mr. Bridges demaunde oone Anthony
Dodeswell a laborer whither he went to worke / who answered to Bennet
Jayes And then he sayde ageyne yf thou go thither to worke I shall beate
the that thou shalt not be able to helpe thiself And therwith the same
Dodeswell retornyd backe ageyne

" To the last he saith he cannot perfytly depose

[Attested by markJ]

206 Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

"John Oldland of Puriton aforesaide husbandman seruaunt to the
plaintiff of thage of liiij yeres sworne, &c.

" To the first second and iijrd he deposith that a lytell before Candelmas
[2nd February] last past this deponent beinge in the Courte yarde of the
house of the saide complainaunt sawe ther the same Sir Edmond Bridges
accompanyd with John Bradley Gabryell Bede oone Westbrooke John
Edwardes and oone or two persones mo beinge his seruauntes come to the
same house with theyr swerdes by theyr sydes. And ther the same Sir
Edmond Bridges went into the house and came to the kechin where he founde
Agnes Spinkes a mayden seruaunt wasshing of dishes and ther askyd her for
her mystres and demaundyd the keye of the woll house wiche the saide
mayden answerid that she knew not wher yt was And then the same Mr.
Bridges bett her / and frome her he came into the hall and ther mett Jane
Webbe an other mayden seruaunt and askyd the same woll house dore key
of her / wiche she denyed to haue any knoledge of and ranne her waye frome
him into the buttry whome he folowyd and ther also bett her as the same
mayden reportid. And so frome thens he came into the courte yarde ageyne
and ther mett George Browne oon of the pleyntyfes seruauntes To whome
he gave two or thre blowes also bycause he wolde not tell him of the key
of the same woolhouse / And so he and his saide seruauntes went to the same
wolhouse and ther broke open the [same] withe a piked staffe and went into
the same [and] ther toke furthe an image of St. George and [caried it] thens /
And more therof he cannot depose /

" To the iiijth he saithe he sawe not the bre[aking] vp of the same dovehouse
nor the kylling of the same doves. But saith that trew yt is that the same
dove howse dore was broken vp and as yt is saide by Mr. Bridges seruauntes
And this deponent hath seene his seruauntes dyuerse tymes with theyr
handgonnes shote at the doves sytting on the same dovehouse and haue
therby scaryd awaye all the doves thens as he saithe /

"To the vth he saithe that he hathe sondry tymes seene Mr Bridges horses
come into the same courte yarde and eate awaye the haye wherwith the
playntyfes cattail were fotherid. And at oone tyme he sawe the same Mr.
Bridges with a white styke beate Wylliam Brayne seruaunt to the plaintiff
for dry ving furthe of his same horses frome the fother gy ven to the playntyfes
cattail /

"To the vj'th vij and viij he saithe he cannot depose but sayth that he
herde the same John Precy .namyd in this vijth interrogatory saye that he
beyng attorney namyd in the same dede indentyd dyd delyuer possession
and seasyn accordinge to the same /

"To the ix. he saith he knowith that the same Sir Edmonde Bridges
dyd commaunde certen of the parislmers ther that [they] shulde paye
no tythes to the same playntyfes / And otherwise therof he cannot de-
pose /

"To the xth he saithe that trew yt is that the same Mr. Bridges hathe
chargid the tenauntes of the same xix acres that they shall not paye theyre
rente therof vnto the saide playntyfes wherby he saithe he lackyth his hole
yeres rent therof. And this deponent saithe he hathe knowen the same xix

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207

acres to be parcell of the same farme and allwayes occupied by the fermers
therof by the space of thes xxx yeres /

" To the xj he saithe that the same Mr. Bridges hathe restrayned also the
same playntyfes frome xxli loodes of woode oute of Bradon wood by the space
of this twelvemonethes or theraboutes wiche this deponent hathe allwayes
knowen the fermers of the same farme for the tyme beinge to haue and take
yerely owte of the same wood

" To the xij he saithe the same Mr. Bridges hathe fellyd certen trees in
the seuerall pasture of the saide playntyfes and sufferyth xxii of the same
trees to lye styll on the grounde to the distraction of the grasse ther / to the
valew of xxs. to his estimation /

" To the xiij and xiiij he saithe he cannot perfytly depose but hathe herde
saye that the same John Bridges dyd shote oone pellet into the kechin of
the saide playntyfes house /

" To the xv. he saithe he hathe knowen the horses of the same Mr. Bridges
iiij or v tymes in a daye pynned for destroying the playntyfes corne / And
that John Bradley seruaunt to Mr. Bridges wolld allwayes [set] them furthe
of the pounde and put them into the [corne] ageyne So that the playntyfes
and his seruauntes wer fayne to suffer them styll on the grounde and to [let]
them fede on the corne ther / But to what hurte or destruction he saith he
cannot esteme yt /

" To the xvj he saithe that trew yt is that a calfe of the playntyfes was so
handelyd in cutting the tayle of by the rompe the eares hard to the hedde
[and] also cutt the clawes of the fete therof wiche this deponent sawe / and
was done by the saide Mr. Bridges brother and his Bereward as hathe
byn sythens confessid as he herde saye /

" To the xvij he saitlie he sawe when Mr. Bridges bereward oone morn and
oone Hedge his seruauntes dyd lett a bere lose in the pasture of the complain-
auntes and then dyd course him with dogges wherthroughe he saithe that
iij kyen of the playntyfes being ther greate with calfe dyd cast theyr calfes
within a daye or two after and dyed themselfes also as he saithe /

" To the xviij he saithe that trew yt is that ther was a carte loade of
dunge cast into the playntyfes well wherby the water was stopid, but he saith
he sawe not Mr. Bridges seruauntes in doyng therof nor can depose more
therof /

" To the xix and xx he saithe he cannot depose / but by reporte saithe that
the contentes of thes interrogatories ar trew /

[Attested hy mark.]

" John Symes of Hangerton in the county of Wiltes' layborer of thage of
xxiij yeres sworne, &c.

" To the first second and iijrd he saithe that aboute iiij dayes before Candle-
mas [2nd February] last past this deponent then beinge seruaunt to the said
playntyfes sawe the same Sir Edmond Bridges accompany d with Gabriell
Rede John Bradley James More and oone Westborne his servauntes and
dyuerse other to the nomeber of aboute a dosen persones wiche this deponent
knew not havinge swerdes and bucklers and daggers and ther came to the

208

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

mansion howse of the saide playntyfes And the saide Mr. Bridges enteringe
the same howse founde this deponent in the entre betwene the parlor and
the buttrye saying thes wordes wher ys that hore thy mystres by Godes blode
and yf I had her here I wolde bete her that she shuld neuer helpe her selfe.
And so departyd into the courte yarde and ther fynding George Browne an
other seruaunt of the house demaundyd of him where the Image of St. George
was who answeryd that he coulde not tell And so then he toke him by the
hedde and gave him two or thre blowes vnder the eare / And then went to
the kechin adioyninge to the same courte and ther founde Agnes Symkes a
mayden skalding of tripes whome this deponent dyd see him beate And so
from thens he went to the buttry and ther bette Jane AVebbe an other mayden
seruaunt wiche came furthe wep[ing] And therupon [erased this deponent
hide himselfe behind a ... in the parlor and durst not be seene] he
went to the wolhowse and with pyked staffe [broke] open the dore and toke
furthe the ymage of St. George and departyd / And more therof he saithe he
cannot depose /

" To the iiijth he saithe that aboute a sevenight after that this deponent
beinge above in his mystres chamber in caryeng of wood to the fyer aboute ix
of the cloke in the night tyme herde a noyse about the dovehouse dore And
so his saide mystres and he lokyd furthe at the wyndowe being a moneshine
[night] and espied James More, John Edwardes and oone Pery seruauntes
to the saide Mr. Bridges brekyng up of the same dove howse dore and feryng
awaye the doves being above a c. cople in nomeber as he saithe To whome
his saide mystres saide that better yt wer that she shulde lose her doves then
that they shulde lose theyr occupation And so therupon they departyd / And
his saide mystres incontynent[l]ye went vnto Mr. Bridges house and ther
made complaynt vnto him therof / And more therof he cannot depose /

" To the vth he saithe that he hathe knowen the same Mr. Bridges
seruauntes often tymes put in fcheyre horses into the playntyfes courte yarde /
wiche haue eaten ther the fother gyven to the playntyfes cattail And this
deponent sawe Mr. Bridges beate Wylliam Brayne seruaunt to the playntyfes
for dryvyng furth of his horses owte of his saide masters coarte and not
suffring them to eate the fother of the playntyfes cattail /

" To the vjth vij and viij he canne not depose /

" To the ix he saithe he herde the vicar of Puryton saye in the house of
the playntyfes that Mr. Bridges had commaundyd him that he shulde not
gyve housell at Easter to suche as wolde not paye theyre tythes to him the
saide Mr. Bridges /

"To the x. he saith that Mr. Bridges dothe take the prof ett of the same
xix acres mencyoned in this interrogatory And more therof he knowith not /

" To the xjth he saithe that when this deponent and other the playntyfes
seruauntes went to fatche wood in Bradon for theyr master as they wer
wonte to do oone Bradley seruaunt to Mr. Bridges denyed them to take any
ther /

"To the xij he saithe that of suche trees as the saide Mr. Bridges hathe
fellyd ther he hathe lefte xxij lyeng on the grounde to the greate hurte and
losse of the grasse ther to his estimation aboute a xxs /

" To the xiij he saithe that in the tyme that this deponent dwelte with the

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

209

playntyfe wiche was but oone yere he hathe knowen at sondry tymes kyllid
with handgonnes aboue xl. hennes and capons by the seruauntes of the saide
Mr. Bridges in the courte yarde of the mansion house of the playntyfes /

" To the xiiij he saithe that within a while after . . . last past this
deponent and other the seruauntes of the saide playntyfes beinge in the kechin
by the fyer in the evening ther came in a pellet of gonne at the wyndowe
and strake oone of the pannes ther wher [at] he saith they wer all astonyd
And so lept vp to the wyndowe and ther sawe the said John Bridges with a
gonne in his hande vnder neth the same wyndow in the garden /

" To the xv. he cannot depose /

" To the xvi he saithe that in Lent last past this deponent beinge in the
courte yarde of the saide playntyfes sawe the bereward of the saide Mr.
Bridges and oone other with him whome he knewe not on the same grounde
callyd Wyndmyll Hill and ther had a calfe of the playntyfes of iiij dayes
olde betwene them / and so cut of his tayle by the rompe and the eares by
the hedde / and also the clawes of the fete of the same / wiche calfe is yet on
lyve as he saithe /

" To the xvij he saithe that he was present in a close within the same
Wyndmyll Hill when the same bereward and dyuerse other of Mr. Bridges
seruauntes wer ther and dyd lett lose a bere and coursid him with dogges
ther / wherby he saithe the cattail ther pasturing made a greate bellowing
and ranne aboute the hill / and iij kyen ther greate with calfe within iij dayes
after dyd cast theyr calfes and dyed them selfes also within a sevenight after /
And saith he knew none of the persones therat but the bereward / And more
he knowith not /

" To the xviij he saithe that he and Elizabethe Stradlinge woman seruaunt
in the house of the saide playntyfes standing aboue in a malt lofte of the
same house and casting of the same malte sawe James More oone of the
seruauntes of saide Mr. Bridges cast into the well ther a greate basket full of
dounge / wherby the water was stoppid And so this deponent being then
seruaunt ther dyd dense the same well ageyne / And more therof he knowith
not /

"To the xix he saithe he herde Anthony Doswell saye that Mr. Bridges
had threatenyd him for workyng and laboring with the saide playntyfes so
that he durst worke no longer with him /

" To the last he cannot depose /

[Attested by mark.]

" Elizabeth Stradling widowe of Bristowe in the countye of Gloucester
of thage of xl. yeres sworne &c.

"To the first second and iijrd she saithe that at the tyme articuled this
deponent then being seruaunt to the said playntyfes sawe the same Mr.
Bridges accompanyd with Bradley Gabryel Kede oone More and other of his
seruauntes to the nomeber of a xij persones having swerdes and daggers
come to the mansion house of the playntyfes and ther in the yarde mett
George Browne seruaunt [in] the howse ther and askyd him for the Image
of St. George / wiche he answeryd he knewe not [wher] yt was The saide

210

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

Mr. Bridges sayng Thou [lying] knave and so toke him by the hedde and
gave him two or thre blowes / And so went into the buttry and ther bett
Jane Webbe bycause she wolde not tell wher her mystres was and threw her
agynst a cupbord that her bodye was blake and blewe wiche she saithe she
sawe / And so frome thens he went to the kechin And ther bett Agnes Symkes
And so bycause he coulde not gett the keye of the woll house / he brake
open the dore with a pyked staffe and enteryd thereat and toke furth the
ymage of St. George and so departyd / And more therof she knowith not /

"To the iiijth she saithe that at the tyme articuled or nere therabout and
aboute x. of the clocke in the nighte tyme this deponent lokyng furthe at the
wyndowe mighte se James More and ij or iij mo with him brekyng open of
the dovehouse dore and fearing awaye the doves being a boue a c cople and
so toke awaye the younge doves wherat her saide mystres lokyng furth at
her chamber wyndowe sayde yt wrer better that I lost my doves then you
shulde lose your occupation / And so after the saide persones wer gone
her said mystres went to the saide Mr. Bridges to complayne therof this
deponent and other wayting on her thither / And more she can not depose /

" To the vth she saithe the same Mr. Bridges horses hath sondry tymes
come into the playntif es courte and eaten vp the f oder ther gy ven to his cattail /

" To the vjth vij and viij she cannot depose /

" To the ix and x she saithe she cannot perfytly depose /

" To the xi she saithe that she knowith that Mr. Bridges dyd denye and
wolde not suffer the playntifes seruauntes to fatche any wood in Bradon
Wood wher he was accustomyd to have yerely xxli loodesof wood as she saithe/

" To the xijth she saithe that ther lyeth xxij trees felly d on the grounde and
dothe hurte the grounde and kepith yt from grasyng to the annoyaunce of
the playntifes as she saithe /

" To the xiij she saithe that in the tyme that she was seruaunt to the saide
playntyfes she hathe knowen the saide Mr. Bridges seruauntes kyll in the
courte yard of the playntifes of his hennes and capons above lx. as she saithe/
and dyd almost dayly vse so to kyll with ther handgonnes the hennes and
capons ther beinge /

" To the xiiij she saithe she was present in the same kechin at the shoting
of the same pellet in therto / And saithe therin as John Symes hath pre-
deposid /

" To the xv. she saithe the same Mr. Bridges horses hathe of ten tymes byn
in the playntifes corn feldes / And more thereof she knowith not /

" To the xvj she saithe [she sawe] the same playntifes calfe beinge but a
sevenight olde havinge his eares cut by the hedde and the tayle by the rompe
and the clawes also cut of wiche was done by John Bridges as she herde
saye / And more therof she knowith not /

"To the xvij she saithe she sawe Mr. Bridges bereward and dyuerse other
with him course a bere on the same Wyndmyll Hill whereby she saithe that
iij kyen then ther pasturing beinge sore chasyd therwyth dyd cast theyre
calfes and dyed within a sevennight after / And more therof she knowith
not /

" To the xviij she saithe that she was present in a malte loft with her
precontestis and sawe James More cast in the same dounge in to the well

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

211

And saithe she durst not speke for fere lest he shulde haue shote a gonne /
And saithe in euery thing therin as John Symmes hath sayde /

"To the xix and xx she saith that she herde Mr. Bridges saye to John
Wevyng who laborid at the said playntyfes house that yf he wroughte any
more ther he wolde make him to have neuer a arme to holpe himselfe with
all/

" William Telling of Puriton aforesaid husbandman of thage of .1. yeres
or theraboutes sworne, &c.

" Examyned on the ixth article wheron he is productyd deposith that a
lytell before Easter last past oone Sir John Dyer prest curate of Puryton
commaundyd this deponent to paye his tythes to Mr. Bridges vse or ells he
sayde that this deponent shulde not receyve his howsell at Easter And ther-
uppon this deponent repayred to the playntyfe and told him therof / who was
contentyd the same tithes shulde styll remayne in this deponentes handes
vntyll Mr. Bridges came home and that yt wer agreed betwene them for the
same / And so saith that after Whitsontyde nexte after vpon the commyng
home of the same Mr. Bridges the same Mr. Bridges wyllid this deponent to
paye his tythes to the same playntife saying that he the same playntife dyd
paye him an honest rent yerely for the same / And so therupon incontynently
he repayred to the playntyfes house and ther fynding not him at home he
tenderyd the same tythes to the wife of the playntyfe who refusyd to receyve
the same in the absence of her husbond / And so this deponent departyd
reseruing the same tythes as yet in his owne handes and is allwayes redye to
delyuer the same vpon demaunde therof / And more herein he cannot depose/

"John Jakes of Puryton aforesaide husbandman of thage of xxx yeres
and more sworne &c.

" Examyned vpon the ixth article deposith and saith that he was present
with Wylliam Telling the preexaminant and Robert Rede at suche tyme as
Mr. Bridges prest dyd commaunde them to paye theyr tythes to him to thuse
of Mr. Bridges or ells they shuld not receyve theyr howsell And therupon
he saith that they thre repayrid to the same playntyfe and tolde him therof
And so agreethe in euery thyng towching the same as the same Wylliam
Telling hathe predeposyde /

" John Ware of Puryton seruaunt to Sir Edmond Bridges knight of thage
of xxxiij yeres sworne, &c.

" Examyned vpon the last article wberuponheis productyd wytnes deposythe
and saithe / that this deponent dyd lye in the house of the saide playntyfe
in his absence as a comforte to the playntyfes wife aboute a ij or iij nightes /
And saithe he was not commaundyd or forbydden by the saide [Mr. Bridges
no more to lye ther / but saithe that sythe the saide Mr. Bridges toke this
depouenc into his seruice he hathe commaundyd this deponent that he shulde
not haunte or resorte to the saide playntyfes howse /

Star Chamber Proceedings, Edward VI.
Bundle Z, No. 39.

212

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

" Interrogatories to be mynistrid on the parte of Sr. Edmund Bridges knight
" First whether Browne and Jaakes servauntes unto Benet Joy dyd stele

take and convey awey the Image of Seynt George owzt of Puryton Church

and caryed the same to the mancion house of Joys or no

" Item whether one of the church wardens comaunded them soo to doo

or by whose comaunde they soo did & who byd them put hit into the wole

house of Joys and for what intent the same was caryd awey more than other

images.

" Item whether Browne and Jakes did confesse the takyng awey the seid
image and whether they toke the same ageyen oultet of the woll house and
caryed hyt to the church ageyn or who caryd the same image to the church

" Item whoo comaunded them to bryng hit to church & what was the cause
or did they bryng hyt of their owne free will

" Item whether the seid Sr Edmond Bryges did convey away his trees
owzt of Joys ferine grounde with as much spede as he cold gett caryage or
whether he sofferyd them to lye of purpose to destroy Joys grasse

"Item whether the bereward to Sr Edmond Bryges be a naturall foole or
folishe or noo

Star Chamber Proceedings, Henry VIII,
Bundle 25, No. 272.

" Ex. xiiijth Novembris " Examinacio testium facta super interrogatoriis
An0 secundo E. vju. ex parte Edmundi Bridges militis ministratis.
[13th Nov., 1548.]

" John Messenger of Puriton in the county of Wiltes yoman of thage of
xlij yeres sworne, &c.

" To the first [and] second he saithe that this deponent and the said Benet
Jeye being churche wardens of Puriton aforesaide at the tyme of the takyng
downe and defacyng of Images the same Benet Jeye being absent his wife
with this deponent dyd accordingly take down the Images in the same churche
of Puriton / At what tyme he saith that the saide Benet Jeyes wyfe muche
lykyng the image of S* George wished that she had the same at home in her
howse saying yt was pitie to deface the same / Wherunto this deponent
answerid Take yt and do with yt what you list for me And therupon the
same Browne and Jakes namyd in this Interrogatory toke the same image
and caryed yt to the howse of the said Benet Jey And more therof he
knowith not /

" To the iijd and iiijth he saith that within a while after Sir Edmond Bridges
hering of the conveying of the same Image was movyd therwith and as this
deponent herde saye he commaundyd the same to be broughte to the churche
ageyne wiche was so done / And more he knowith not /

" To the v. he saith that Mr. Bridges dyd with asmuche spede as he coulde
and as sone as he coulde gett cariage conveye awaye the trees that he felly d
vpon Benet Jeyes farme and to this deponents supposall he dyd not suffer
them of purpose to lye ther to the destruction of the grasse of the grounde
ther

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

213

"To the last he saithe that he iudgethe the Bereward of Sir Edmonde
Bridges to be a foole and is so comonly taken as he saithe

" William Robbyns of Puriton aforesaid husbandman of thage of lx. yeres
sworne &c. /

" To the first second iij'1 and iiith he saithe that the same Image of S1 George
was taken awaye and carryed to the house of the saide Benet Jaye but by
whome he knowith not nor by what meanes And saith that trew yt is that
Mr Bridges beinge movyd therwith causyd the same to be broughte to the
churche ageyne / And more therof he knowith not

" To the vth he saithe that Mr. Bridges dyd in as shorfce tyme as he coulde
gett cariage cary the trees by him fellyd vpon the same Jeyes farme / and
dyd not suffer them of purpose to lye ther to the distruction of the grasse of
the grounde to this deponentes supposall /

" To the last he saithe that the saide Mr. Bridges Beareward is a foole and
so comonly taken ther "
Endorsed :

" Testes ex parte Magistri Bridges "

Star Chamber Proceedings, Edward YT.
Bundle 8, No. 41.

(15 Dec, 1548.) " Edwardus Sextus dei gratia Anglie Francie et Hibernie
Rex fidei Defensor et in terra ecclesie Anglicane et Hibernice supremum caput
Dilectis et fidelibus suis Henrico Long Anthonio Hungerford et Willelmo
Wrotton militibus ac dilecto sibi Johanni Hamlyn armigero Salutem. Sciatis
quod dedimus vobis vel tribus vestrum plenam potestatem et auctoritatem
audiendi et examinandi quoscumque testes coram vobis vel tribus vestrum
producendos tarn ex parte Benedicti Jaye et Elizabethe uxoris eius quam ex
parte Edmundi Bridges militis de et super quibusdam interrogatoriis hiis
presentibus interclusis ac testes predictos et eorum quemlibet viis modis et
mediis quibus melius sciueritis aut poteritis tactis per eos prius coram vobis
vel tribus vestrum sacrosanctis Dei evangeliis diligenter examinetis exami-
nacionesque suas recipiatis et in scriptis in pergameno redigatis Et cum eas
sic ceperitis nos inde et Consilium nostrum apud Westmonasterium de toto
facto vestro in hac parte in Octabis Sancti Hillarij proximo futuris sub sigillis
vestris vel trium vestrum distincte et aperte certificetis Remittentes nobis
interrogatoria predicta unacum hoc brevi. Teste me ipso apud Westmonas-
terium xv die Decembris Anno regni nostri secundo. Smyth."

" Interrogatories to be mynistred in the behalf of Sir Edmond Brigges
knyght ageinst Benet Joy &c.

" 1 First whether Browne and Jaakes seruauntes vnto Benet Joy did stele
take and convey awey the Image of Seint George ozt of Puryton Church and
caryed the same to the mancion house of the seid Joy or noo.

"2 Item whether the same Browne and Jackes hyd the said Image in
the woll house of Joys ther and by whose comaundement, by the Churwardens
or noo.

214

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

"3 Item whether any of the Church Wardens dyd commaunde the said
Browne and Jackes to take awey the said Image and to cary hit to Joys
house And what was hys name that gaue the comandement.

"4 Item whether Browne and Jaakes or any of them did confesse the
taking awey of the said Image from the church aforsaid And whether they
toke the same ageyne oust of the woll house and soo caryed hyt to the church
ageyn. or who caryed the same to the church.

"5 Item who commaunded them to bryng the same Image to church
and what was the cause or did they bryng hyt of ther free will.

" 6 Item whether Benet Jeye dyd occupie at will of Sir Edmund Brygges
xix acres of lond in Puryton And whether he surrendrid and gaue vp the
same into master Brigges handes at Puryton. And who were present at the
same surrendre and for what purpose was the same

" 7 Item whether Sir Edmond Brygges dyd convey awey hys tres ozte of
the said Joyes ferme grounde with as moch spede as he cold gett caryage or
whether he suffryd theym to lye of purpose to destroy Joyes grasse or noo

" 8 Item whether the said Sir Edmund did vpon knowleage of the cuttyng
of the caluys cleuys and feete offer Joy a sufficient recompence or no

" 9 Item whether George Browne standing vpon a wall of Joys threw
any grett stonys vpon any horse of Sir Edmund Briddges and by whose
comaundment he so dyd.

" 10 Item was the dede that Joye claymyth the farme of Puryton by the
same dede that Precy and Eranklen made lyuery and in what yere made they
lyuery And what was the cause that Isabell wife to Joy was named in the
dede before her brother G-ylys being x yeres elder then Isabell or was Isabell
present at such lyuery And what sayd yow at the lyuery And for how
many lyues was the lesse And whoo was by at the lyuery and how long was
the same agoo

" 11 Item dyd you here Isabell redd or named in the dede or noo and wher
was she at the lyuery / or was Gylis ther or shuld Gylys haue the ferme yf
he had lyuyd before Elizabeth or noo And how old ys Elizabeth.

" 12 Item whether was old Pully and Franklyn frindes one yere before
Frankleyn dyed and after the busynesse on the hyll or noo and how long was
that agoo."

" The Interrogatories on the part of Benet Jay and Elsebethe hys wyff
a geynst Syr Edmonde a Bregges knyght

"i Item whether the late abbot and covent of the late monastery of
Maimsbere in the countte of Wylteschere by there dede indenttyd sealyd
with the sealys of the sayde abbot and covent beryng date the iiijth day of
September in the vij yere of the rayne of our late sovereyn lorde Kyng Henry
the viijth [4th Sept., 1515] by one assent and conssent dyd demyse graunte
and lett to farme to one Bycharde Pulley and Margaret hys wyff and to
Ambros Edmonde and to the sayd Essebell one of the sayde complaynauntes
and Gyllys there cheldren namyd in the sayd indenture and byll the sayde
syte of the sayd manor of Purtton with thappurtenaunces and the parsonage
of Puryton afforesayde with all tythys and landdys to the sayde syte and

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

215

parsonage perteynyng vsyd or belongyng and also almaner tythys what soe
evere of and in the sayde lordeschypp of Puryton to the offyce of the
Chamberleyn of the sayde late monastere parteynyng with all and synguler
there apportenaunces specyfyed in the sayde indenture and not exceptyd owte
of the sayde les / To have and holde the sayde manor and other the premysses
(exceptyd the thynges in the sayd indenture exceptyd) to the sayd Rychard
Margeret Ambros Edmond Yssabell and Gyllys in maner and forme as in
the byll of complaynt of the sayde playnttyffes there of made ys alegyd or
nott / And whether the sayde indenture bee not a trew indenture and the vere
dede of the sayde abbot and covent or of the more parte of them or not

" ij Item wether the sayd John Presse or John Francklyn clarke or eyther
of them beyng named and atoryssyd on of the attornes in the sayd dede
indentyd to dellever possessyon and seyssen to the sayde Rycharde Margerett
Ambros Edmonde Isabell and Gyllys dyd dellever seysen or possessyon to
them or to any of them of and in the sayde farme landdes and tenementtes
and other the prymyssys soe leyssyd or demyssyd or not

"iij Item whether the sayde Isabell now complaynt and named in the
sayd indenture of lease were borne and had her byrthe at the tyme of the
sayde delevere of seasson or possession

" iiij Item wether the sayd Syr Edmonde at Ester last past dyd restrayne
perceve or take to hys owne youwsse with owte the wyll and concent of the
sayd playntyff suche tythyes as were and yett bee to them dew in the parysche
of Purtton afforesayde by force of the sayde indenture of lease to the sayde
Issabell and other soe made or not and what tythys yt were and to what
som of money the same tythys soe by the same deffendaunt restraynt or
takyn dothe arysse and amount vnto

" v Item whether the sayd Syr Edmonde a Bregges hathe entred into xix
acres of lande at Purtton aforeseyed beyng parsell of the syte of the
manor of Purtton with the portenaunces soe demyssyd by the sayde
indenture of leas and the same doythe occupie and taketh the proffettes to hys
owne vse or not and what the same ar worthe by the yere and whether any
othere farmers dyd holde the same with the syte and manor as parsell there
of or not

" vj Item whether the 'sayde Syr Edmonde hathe denyed or restrayned
the sayde playnttyffes of havyng of xxli loodes off woode in Braddon wood
yerly accordyng to the purport of the sayde indenture of lease or not and
how long and dewryng what tyme he hathe soe restraynyd and kept them
from the same wood

" vij Item whether the same deffendaunt hathe cawssyd lxx tres to be
cut downe in one of the severell pasturs of the sayde playntyffes and hathe
suffred the same trees to lye there evere sythen Crystmas last past or not
and to what som of mony yow esteme the gras to bee of that grownde
whyche the sayde treys have dystroyede in the same pasture by reason of
lying there

" Deposicions taken vpon certen Interrogatories in the parte and behalfe
of Benet Joy and Elizabeth his wyfe agenist S1 Edmund Bridgys knyght the
xijth day 0f Januarie in the second yere of the reign of our souerain lord King

VOL. XXXIII. — NO. CI. P

216

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

Edwarde the Syxte [12th January, 1548-9] before Syr Henrye Long Sr Anthony
Hungerford Sr Wylliam Wroughton knyghtes and John Hanilyn esquier
Commissioners chosen and assigned for the same by vertue of [the] Kynges
maiesties commission to them dyrectyd from his Graces Counsell oute of the
Sterre Chambre bering date the xvth day of Decembre the yere aboue wrytten."

" Thomas Browne of Puryton in the countie of Wiltes husbondman of the
age of lxxxij yeres or ther abought sworn and examenid to the first interro-
gatorie saith that he hard sey that Kichard Polley had a lesse made by the
said Abbott and covent to hym hys wyffe Ambrose Edmonde and Gylis of the
saide ffarme and parsonage as hytys namyd in the said Interrogatories sauing
only the teythe belonging to the howsez of Maubye Jaakes and Eeedes that
belongith to the farme and not to the parsonage And whether the said
Elizabeth namyd in the said Interrogatories were in the said lesse or not he
knowith not / And furder he knowith not.

" Item to the second Interrogatorie he seith that he hard sey that Sr John
Frankleyn clerk dely veryd possession of the said ffarme and other the premisses
according to the leasse made to the seid Kichard Polley and other namyd in
the lesse.

" Item to the iij Interrogatorie he sayth that he knowith nothing.

" Item to the iiij Interrogatorie he sayth that he hard sey that Sir Edmond
Bridgis did byd the iij tenauntez aboue namyd to stay and kepe ther tithes
going oute of their holdes vntyll the matter be tryed bytwyne the same Sir
Edmund and Benett Joy and more he knowith not.

" Item to the vth Interrogatorie he knowith nothing.

" Item to the vjt*1 Interrogatorie he sayth that he neuer hard that the said
Benet Joy was denyed of the wood namyd in the said Interrogatorie

" Item to the vijth Interrogatorie he seith that the said Sir Edmund Bridgis
fellyd certen trees to what nombre he knowith not Wherof the said Sir
Edmund hath ffott xxx loodes and more he knowith not."

" John Hays clerk parson of Lydyat Mylcent in the Countie of Wiltes of
the age of lxiiij yers or theraboughtes sworn and examenyd to the first
Interrogatorie and second he seyth that he was present when Sir John
Frankleyn gaue the possession and seisen of the said ffarme and other the
premissez to the said Kichard Polley Margaret hys wyf Ambrose Edmunde
and Gylys namyd in the said lesse And that he hard noo other namyd in the
said lesse / And the said deponent saith that he and one Henrye Egmanton
clerk John Gleede and Thomas Goldsmyth were called for wytnesse to the
same. Which ys sence the delyuery of possession abought xxxvij yeres
past or more And the said deponent seith that consernyng the tythes he
knoith not but hyt longyd to the parsonage which was grauntyd by the same
lesse and more he knoith not

" Item to the iijde Interrogatory he seith that soo forr as he knoith the said
Isabell was not borne at the tyme of possession takyng

" Item to the iiijth and vth Interrogatorie he seith he knowith nothyng.

Purton. A Case in the /Star Chamber.

217

" Item to the vjth Interrogatorie he seith that he hard sey that the said
Sir Edmund bade the said Benet Joy feetch the said woode namyd in the
seid Interrogatory and more he knoith not.

" Item to the vijth Interrogatory he seithe that the said Sr Edmund Bridges
dyd cutt certen trees vpon the said farme and hath caryed them awey"

" John Ware of Pyrton in the countye aforsaid husbondman of the age of
lxx or ther abought sworn and examenyd to the first Interrogatorie saith that
he sawe an Indenture made to the said Bichard Pulley Margarett hys wyffe
Ambrose Edmund and Gylys of the premisses and more [he] knowith not.

"Item to the second article he seith that he was present when John
Frankleyn gaue the possession and seisen of the premisses to the said Bichard
Pulley and thothers before namyd which ys sence abought xxxvij or xxxviij
yeres past.

" Item to the iijde Interrogatory he seith whether the said Isabell was borne
or had her byrth the day of possession taken or not he knoith not
" Item to the iiijth artycle he knoith nothing.

" Item to the vth artycle he seith that the said Sir Edmund Bridges ap-
poynted Bichard Calfey and Bychard Oteley to sowe the said xix acres to the
thrid cock for thys yere vntyll hyt be tryed whether hyt were the said Sir
Edmund Bridges or the said Benet Joys

" Item to the vjth artycle he sayth that he hard the said S' Edmund Bridges
and the Woodward byd the said Benet Joy fetche the said woodd yf he wold.

" Item to the vij artycle the said John Ware sayth that the said Sir Edmund
Bridgis dyd fell certen trees wherof he hath not left in the said ground aboue
the nombre of vj trees And that the said Benet Joy hath not taken to the
value of a groote in hurte."

"John Calfey of Puryton in the said countye husbondman of the age of
lxxij or theraboughtes sworne and examenyd to the first and ij Interrogatorys
he seith that the said Bichard Pulley dyd occupie the premisses for xxxviij
or xxxix yeres past by what state he knoith nothyng

" Item to the iijde and iiijth Interrogatory he knoith nothyng.

"Item to the vth Interrogatory the said deponent saith that the said Sir
Edmund Bridges bade hym and Bichard Oteley stay the rent of the said xix
acres vntyll the right be knowen bytwyne the said Sir Edmund and Joy
And furder the said deponent saith that the said Bichard Pulley held the said
xix acres aboue xx yeres by what tytle he knoith not.

" Item too the vjth artycle the said deponent saith that the said Bennet
Joy might haue hadd the xx loodes of wodd yf the said Benet Joy wold haue
taken such woodd as the said Sir Edmund wold haue assigned to hym.

" Item to the vij artycle the said deponent knowith nothyng."

" William Bobbyns of Puryton aforesaid husbondman of the age of lx
yeres or therabought sworn and examenid to the mrst artycle saith that he
hard of a leasse made by the said abbott and covent of the premisez to the
said Bichard Pulley Margarett hys wyffe Ambrose Edmunde and Gylis and
more he knoith not.

P 2

218

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

" Item to the second artycle the said deponent saith that he hard that
possession and seisen of the premysses was taken and delyuered to the said
Eichard Polley and other before namyd by John Franklein clerk and more
he knowith not.

" Item to the iijde article he seith that Isabell Polley now wyffe to Benet
Joy was not borne in three yeres after the possession taken of the premisses
which he knoith by the date of his copie and by the birth of a chyld of the
said deponent and more he knoith not.

" Item to the iiijth Interrogatorye the said deponent seith that the said Sir
Edmund Bridges did stay certen tuyths belonging to Maubye Reede and
Jaakes houses And after the said Sir Edmond willed the said Benet Joys
wyffe to take hyt and comaundyd the said tennauntes to pay it and more he
knoith not.

" Item to the vth Interrogatory he seith that the said Richard Pully payd
alweys the rent of xix acres to the reve of Puryton which was xvj'1. by the
yere / And the rent of the ffarme to the lordes handes and more he knoith not.

" Item to the vjth artycle the said deponent saith that Benet Joys wyfe told
hym that Sir Edmond bade her fetch the wood

" Item to the vijth he saith as John Ware before hath said"

" Robert Rychyns of Puryton aforsaid of the age of lx yers or therabouhgt
sworn and examenyd to all the said Interrogatoris saith he knoith nothing."

"John Precye of Puryton of the age of lxxx yers or therabought sworn
and examenyd to the fnrst artycle saith that he knew a leasse of the premisses
made by the abbot and covent to the said Richard Pulley Margeret hys wyfe
'Ambrose Edmund and Gylis his sunnys and more he knoith not.

" Item to the second article the said deponent saith that he hard sey that
John Franklein dark gaue possession of the premisses to the said Richard
and other before namyd and that hyt was told the said deponent that he was
namyd in the letter of atturney for the same.

"Item to the iijde artycle he saith that Isabell the wyffe of Benett Joye
was not borne at the tyme of possession taking.

"Item to the iiijth Interrogatory he saith the [said] Sir Edmund com-
maunded the tythes to be stayd in the tennauntes handes vntyll the matter
were tryed who had the right.

" Item to the vth artycle the said deponent saith he knoith nothing.

" Item to the vjth artycle the said deponent saithe as William Robyns
before said.

" Item to the vijth artycle the said deponent saith he knoith nothing
(Signed) Wyllya' Wroghton."

"Deposicions taken in the parte and behalf of Sir Edmund Bridgis
ageinst Benet Joy and Isabell his wyffe the day and yere aboue wrytten
by the comyssioners aboue namyd by vertue of their said commission.

" John Precye of Puryton in the countye of Wiltes husboundman of the age
of lxxx yeres or therabought sworn and examenyd to the first Interrogatorie

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

219

seith that he hard John Jaakes say that the said Jackes (sic) toke the Image
of the (sic) George oute of the church of Puryton and brought hym to Benet
Joys house by whose comaundement he knoith not.

" Item to the second iijde iiijth vth and vjth Interrogatoris he knoith nothing.

" Item to the vijth Interrogatory the said deponent seith that in the fellyng
of certen trees by the said Sir Edmund Bridgis the said Bennet Joy hath no
hurt nor damage

"Item to the viijth artycle the said deponent saith that he herd the said
Sir Edmund sey that he wold recompence the said Bennet Joy for the cutting
of his calfes feete which was done vnknowen to the said Sir Edmund Bridgis

"Item to the ixth article he saith he knoith nothyng

" Item to the xth artycle the said deponent saith that the said Bennet Joys
wyffe was not born at the tyme of possession taking And to the rest of the
said artycle he knoith nothing

" Item to the xjth artycle the said deponent saith that Gylis namyd in the
said Indenture shuld haue had the premisses before Isabell Joye And that
the said Isabell ys vnder the age of xxxiiij1* yeres And more he knoith not.

"Item to the last Interrogatorie the said deponent saith that the said
Richard Pulley and John Franklyn were not frindes in one yere before the
said Pulleys deth.

" John Hays clerk parson of Lydyatt Mylcent in the county e aforsaid of
the age of lxiiij yeres sworn and examenyd from the first to the ixth artycle
the said deponent knoyth nothing

Item to the xth the said deponent saith that the said Isabell Joy was not
present at the delyuery of possession of the premisses nor namyd in the said
Indenture for she was not then borne /

" Item to the xjth artycle he knoith nothing

" Item to the last he saith that the said .Richard Polley and John Frankleyn
were'not fryndes by the space of one yere before the said Pulleys death.

" Wyllyam Bobyns of Puryton aforsaid of the age of lx yeres sworn and
examenyd from the fyrst to the ixth Interrogatory saith he knoith nothing-

"Item to the xth artycle he seith that he hard sey that Gylis was namyd
in the Indenture and not the said Isabell And sence the delyuery of possession
of the premisses hyt ys abought xxxvij yeres or more. And the said de-
ponent saith that the said Isabell [is] of the age of xxxiij yeres or therabought
and more he knoith not./

" Item to the last he saith that the said Franklein and Polley were not
fryndes as the last deponent before hath said And more he knoith not.

"John Ware of Puryton aforsaid yoman of the age of xxxti yeres or ther
abought sworn and examenyd to the first artycle he saith that the same
deponent and John Jaakes dyd carye the Image of the George into the house
of Bennet Joy.

" Item to all the rest of the Interrogatories he seith he knoith nothyng."

John Bamsbury saith vpon hys othe as John Ware before hath said and
more he knoith not./

220

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

" John Bradley of Puryton aforsaid of the age of xl or ther abought sworn
and examenyd from the first to the vijth Interrogatory saith he knoith
nothing.

" Item to the viijth artycle he seith that the said Sir Edmunde Bridges
dyd carye awey the wodd and trees that he fellyd vpon the premisses with as
convenyent spede as he myght. And more he knowith not.

"Item to the ixth artycle he saith that the said Sir Edmunde offeryd to
restore the wyffe of Bennet Joy suffycyent recompence for the hurt done to
her calf and more he knowith not./

" Nicholas Parker of the age of xxvij yeres sworn and examenyd saith
as John Bradley before hath said and more he knoith not./

(Signed) Henry Long

Wylla' Wroghton
Antony H'gerford."

Endorsed :

"Brought in by Sir Anth. Hungerford
one of the Commissioners. Bitwen
Joye and Sir Edmond Brigis."

Star Chamber Proceedings, Edward VS.,
Bundle J., No. 39.

" Interrogatory es of the . . . Joye and Isabell hys wyfe agayne Sir
[Edmonde] Brydges knyght

" i First whether these deponentes or any of them dothe knowe the
lordshippe or manor of Puryton with the landes tenements and heredita-
mentes to the same belonging late parcell of the possessions of the late house
or monasterye of Malmesburie in the counte of Wyltes And yf they do howe
longe they haue knowen the same./

" ij Item whether these deponentes or any of them haue seen an Indenture
under the Covent seale of the said late monastery by the [which the] late
Abbott of the said late monastery by thassent of the Covent of the same house
did demyse lease and graunt to Richard Pulley Margarett his wyfe Ambrose
Edmond Isabell and Gyles childerne of the said Richarde Pulley and Margarett
the scyte of the said manor of Puryton with thappurtenaunces and the
parsonage of Puryton . . . tythes and landes to the said scyte and par-
sonage apperteynyng and belonging . . . whatsoever of and in the said
lordshippe or manor of Puryton to . . . said late monastery apperteynyng
with thappurtenaunces certen thinges . . . and forprised To . .
to the said Richarde Pulley Margarett his ... for term . . . lyues
and the longest ... of them

" iij Item . . . made to the said Richard Pulley . . . his wife
Ambrose Edmond . . . ys before recytid howe long . . . the same
lese was made . . . was reseruid vpon the said lease

"iiij Item [whether these deponentes] have hard or do knowe that . . .

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

221

Margarett his wyfe . . . before nanryd to whom the said lese . .
were sesid of . . . osid and grauntid in there demesne . . . lyves
lese or demyse before the Dissolution] . . . the said late . . . they
were who were seysid therof./

"v Whether the said Eichard Pulley Margarett his wyfe [Ambrose
Edmond] and Gyles be deade / And whether the said Isabell wyfe [of] the
saide Benett Joye [be the survivor] of [all] the said lessees / And whether
the said Benett [Joye] and Isabell be in ... of the [premisses] so
demysed and graunted / And ho we longe [they] haue byn seysid therof /.

" vj Item whether these deponentes do knowe what age the said Isabell
wyfe to the said Benett Joye ys And yf they do of what age she is of / And
whether the said Isabell was borne before the said lease was made or not./

" vij Item yf these deponentes have seen any suche Indenture or lease as
ys before recyted whether the same be a true dede and the vere dede of the
said late Abbot and Covent or of the more parte of them And whether they
knowe or have harde that possession of the premisses so demised and grauntid
was delyuered according to the tenor and purport of the same Indenture And
yf it were who delyuered possession therof / And whether these deponentes
or any of them were present and prevey when the same dede was delyuered
as the dede of the same late Abbott and Covent./

"viij Item whether the said Sir Edmond Brydges hathe entrid into xix acres
of lande at Puryton forsaid parcell of the scyte of the said manor of Puryton
with thappurtenaunces so demysid by the said Indenture of lease and the
same dothe occupye and taketh the profittes therof to his owne vse And
what the same are worthe by the yare./

" ix Item whether the persones before rehersid to whom the said lease
was made or some of them haue euer sythen the same lease made byn in
possession of the said scyte and other the premisses so demysid and graunt
by reason of the same lease and inyoyed the same withowt lett troble or
disturbaunce tyll nowe of late that the said Sir Edmond hathe wrongfully
vexid and trobled the said Benett Joye and Isabell in the premisses./

Star Chamber Proceedings, Edward VI.,
Bundle L, No. 39.

" Ex. xvto Marcij [Super interrogatoriis] per Joye secundo loco

An° iij° E. vjti ministratis.
[15 March, 1548-9.]

"Thomas Wa[shbu]rne of Malmesbury in the county of Wiltes' Clarke
of thage of lxj yeres sworne &c.

"To the first he saithe he knoith perfytly well the same Lordeship of
Puryton and that the same dyd belong to the late Monastery of Malmesbury
wherof this deponent was monke professid by the space of xvj yeres And
hathe known the same Lordship of Puryton by the space of xl. yeres as he
saith.

" To the second and iijrd he saithe that he hathe seene the Indenture of
of lease of the saide Lordeship of Puryton and parsonage of Puryton so made
to the same Kichard Pulley Margaret his wife Ambrose Edmond and Isabel
ther childerne in maner and forme as yt ys deducyd in this Interrogatory

222 Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

And saith that he beinge ruonke professid in the same house of Malmesbury
in the vijth yere of the reigne of the late Kinge of famouse memory Henry
the viijth. and now xxxiij yeres past or somewhat more was present in the
Chapter House of the saide late Monastry emongest other his cobretherne
ther At what tyme the same Indenture so to the personnes aboue naniyd
made was ther redde and by the hole convent then ther assemblyd agreed
vpon and so sealyd withe the Convent Seale And afterwarde also sealyd with
the Abbotes Seale as he herde saye / And . . . ther was reseruid vpon
the same lease to [his present] remembrance the yerely rent of xxiii1' to
the [same] Abbote and convent of Malmesbury / And more therof he cannot
depose /

" To the iiijth he saithe that after the same lease so made he knew the
same Eichard Pulley by vertue ther of in peaseable possession and occupie
the same by the space of a xj yeres after vntyll he dyed And after his
decease the same Margaret his wife by the space of an xviii yeres after occupyed
and enioyed the same / vntyll she dyed And sythe hir tyme by the space
of this iiij yeres he hathe knowen the same Isabell and her said husband now
complaynauntes to occupie the same by vertue of the same lease /

"To the vth he saithe he knowith perfytly well that the same Eichard
Pulley and Margaret his wife Ambrose Edmond and Gyles theyre childerne
be all dede And that the same Isabell now complaynaunt as survivor is in
possession and dothe occupie the same premisses by vertue of the same lease /

"To the vj1* he saithe that the same Isabell now complainaunt [is of]
thage of xxxvj yeres or nere theraboutes As this deponent saithe that he
beinge monke of Malmesbury dyd muche resorte to the house of the saide
Eichard Pulley her father And dothe remember that before the makyng of
the same lease he sawe the same Isabell then a very yonge gyrle of a ij or
iij yeres of age playing vp and downe in her saide fathers house /

" To the vijth he saithe the same Indenture of lesse before specifyed is a
trew dede and the very dede of the Abbot and convent of the same late house
of Malmesbury wiche this deponeut sawe sealyd as he hath predeposid And
by reporte saithe that possession therof was delyuered accordingly by Sir
John Frankelyn vicar of Puryton /

"To the viij he saith he knowith that Sir Edmond Bridges hathe stayed
the rent of the same xix acres specifyed in this Interrogatory frome the saide
complainauntes./

" To the last he saithe the contynewance of the possession of the same
Lordeship of Puryton with the parsonage hathe contynewyd in the same
Eichard Pulley Margarett his wife and the same Isabell euer syth the grante
of the same lease / withoute the interruption of any persone to his knoledge
vntyll this present strife as he saithe./

[Attested] By me Thomas Weshburn "

" Agnes Smith, alias . . . widowe of Puryton aforesaid of thage of
of lx yeres [and] aboue sworne &c.

" To the first she saithe that she hathe knowen the same Lordeship of
Puryton and the landes therto belonging by all the tyme of her remembrance
wiche is by the space of this .1. yeres as she saithe /

" To the second and iijrd she saithe that she hathe sondry tymes herde

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

223

the same lease mencyoned in this Indenture redde in the Lordes Courte
ther wherin yt apperid that the same Lordship of Puryton with thappur-
tenaunees and the parsonage of Puryton was lette and demised by thabbot
and convent of Malmesbury for the tyme being vnto the saide Richard Pulley
Margaret his wyfe Edmond Ambrose Isabell find Gyles theyre childerne for
terme of theyr lyves and the longest lyver of them vpon the yerely rent of
xxiip. And the same lease was so made as she saithe xxxiij yeres ago. And
that she saithe she remembrith for that the yere before that the saide Richard
Pulley obteynid the same lease this Deponent broughte furthe two childerne
at oone byrthe wiche is now xxxiiij yeres ago as she saithe /

"To the iiijth she saithe she knew the same Richard Pulley occupie the
same premisses by vertue of the saide lease by all his lyfe tyme after / wiche
was aboute a xj yeres and after his decease the same Margarett Pulley
occupied the same xvj yeres togethers vntyll she dyed. Sythe the wiche
tyme the now complainauntes have occupied the same by the space of this
iiij yeres /

"To the vth she [saithe that] trew yt is that the same Richard Pulley
M [argaret hi]s wife Edmond Ambrose and Gyles theyre chyldern be all dede
And that the same Isabell now complainaunte is the survivor and in possession
of the same premisses by vertue therof /

" To the vjth she saithe that the same Isabell is of thage of xxxvj yeres and
was borne in the same yere that this deponent had a childe callyd Thomas
wiche Thomas shalbe xxxvj yeres of age at Whitsuntyde nexte In the wiche
yere she saithe that the soldyers of England went into Scotland to batayle
and the Scotyshe Kyng was ther slayne / [Battle of Flodden Field, 9th
Sept., 1513.]

"To the vij she saith by reporte of Thomas Goldsmith that Sir John
Frankelyn deceasyd then vicar of Puryton dyd delyuer possession of the same
farme to the saide Pulley and thother before namyd / And more therof she
knowith not /

" To the viij she saithe she knowith that Sir Edmond Bridges hathe denyed
the occiipieng of the same xix acres vnto the saide playntyfes And this
deponent saithe that she knew John Calfe and Richard Wootely fermers
therof and paye the rent for the same xix acres vnto the saide Richard Pulley
in his lyfe tyme and afterward to Margaret Pulley /

" To the last she saithe as she hath said to the iiijth Interrogatory and that she
neuer knewe them interruptid therein vntyll this present strife as she saithe / "

"William Webb[e of WJroughton in the Countye of Wiltes gent' of
[thage] of lij yeres sworne &c.

" To the first he saithe he knowith the same Lordship of Puryton with the
landes and tenementes therto belonging and hathe so knowen the same by all
the tyme of his remembraunce / beinge borne and broughte vp within a iij
myles of the same /

"To the second and iijrd he saithe that he hathe seene and herde redde
the same Indenture of lease so made of the saide Lordship of Puryton and
the parsonage of Puriton withthappurtenaunces by ihabbote and Co vent then
being of the late Monastery of Malmesbury vnto the persones namyd in this

224

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

Interrogatory for terme of theyr lyves and the longest lyuer of them. And
saithe the same lease was so graunted and made xxxiij yeres past And that
he saithe he knowith for that the. same was made and the saide Kichard
Pulley dyd occupie and enioye the same accordingly in that yere that this
deponent was fyrst marryed and that this deponentes brother Christofer
Webbe the Sondaye nexte before this deponentes marriage dyd also marry
Jane Pulley doughter to the saide Eichard Pulley and syster to the same
Isabell now complainaunte wiche was as he saithe at Mydsomer last xxxiij
yeres past.

" To the iiijth he saith he knowith that the saide Kichard Pulley was seasyd
of the same premisses by vertue of the same lease and occupied the same all
his lyfe tyme after / And after his decease Margaret Pulley his wife dyd
occupie the same by the space of xvij yeres and dyed / sythe the wiche tyme
wiche is aboute a iiij yeres the now complainaunte hathe byn seasid therin
and occupied the same /

" To the vth he saithe that trew it is that all the persones namyd in the
same lease be dede saving the same Isabell the now complainaunte who as
survivor hathe occupied and enioyed the same by the space of thes iiij yeres
or nere theraboute /

" To the vjth he saithe the same Isabell now complainaunt is of thage of
xxxvj yeres and was borne before the same lease so made And that he saithe
he knowith for that that when his sayde brother was maried whiche is xxxiij
past as he hathe predeposid the same Isabell beinge a lytell gyrrell of a iij
yeres of age or somewhat more was bryde mayden at the same mariage /

" To the vij he saithe he knowith not nor euer herde saye but the same
Indenture of lease before specifyed was and ys the very trew dede of the late
abbote and convent of Malmesbury then for the tyme beinge / And this
deponent herde saye that oone Sir John Frankeling Vicar of Puryton now
deceased dyd delyuer possession of the same premisses accordingly /

" To the viij he saith he knoith that the same Kichard Pulley in his tyme
and Margaret his wife after him dyd allwayes occupie the same xix acres as
parcell of the manor of Puryton by vertue of the saide lease therof / And more
to this Interrogatory he cannot depose /

" To the last he saith he neuer knewe the same Richard Pulley Margaret
his wyfe or the now complainaunte interrupted or disturbyd in the occupieng of
the saide manor and parsonage of Puriton vntyll this present tyme as he saithe

[Attested by mark

" William La[ne of] Puriton aforesaid Laborer of thage of xlviij yeres
sworne &c.

"To the first he saithe he hathe knowen the same Lordeship of Puriton
by all the tyme of his remembraunce and was borne and broughte vp in the
same Towne by all his lyve tyme /

" To the second and iijrd he saithe he hathe herde the same Lease specifyed
in this Interrogatory redde / And saithe the same lease was so made to the
persones namyd in the same and to the longest lyver of them xxxiij yeres ago
And that he saithe he knowith for he saithe that the same yere that possession
was gyven of the same manor of Puryton by oone Frankelyn Vicar ther vnto

Purton. A Case in the Star Cliamher.

225

the saide Eichard Pulley and that the same Eichard Pulley dyd begynne
by vertue therof to occupie the farme of the same manor this deponent then
came from the seruice of Alice Prater wydowe of Mychall / vnto Puryton to
his father then ther dwelling and ther contynewyd with his saide father a
single man by the space of .x. yeres after and then maryed and hathe byn
now a maryed man by the space of xxiiij yeres as he saithe / And saithe that
at the nexte courte ther holden after his suche comyng frome the saide
wydowes seruice vnto his father as he hath predeposyd he herde ther the same
Indenture redde wherin the same Eichard Pulley Margarete his wife
Ambrose Edmond and Isabell theyr childerne wer namyd as he saithe /

" To the iiijth he saith [that by] vertue of the same lease the said Eichard
Pulley [for] the space of a xj yeres vntyll he dyed dyd enioye [and] occupie
the same / and after his decease the same [Marga]rete his wife by the space
of an xvj yeres vntyll she dyed Sythe whose deth wiche is almost iiij yeres
the now complainaunte hath occupied the same /

"To th vth he saith that trew yt is that all the persones namyd in the same
lease savinge the same Isabell be all dede /

" To the vjth he saithe he knowith that the same Isabell is of thage of
xxxvj yeres for he saithe that at his suche comyng from the saide wydowes
seruice home to Puryton to his father as he hathe predeposid he knewe
perfytly well the same Isabell a lytell gyrrell and then beganne to ronne
aboute the house beinge of a two yeres of age to his estimation /

" To the vij he saithe he hath herde saye that the Vicar of Puryton callyd
"Willyam Frankelyn dyd delyuer possession of the same premisses to the saide
Eichard Pulley / And more he cannot depose /

"To the viij he saithe he herde saye that the same Sir Edmonde Bridges
dothe staye the rent of the saide xix acres frome the complainaunte wiche
this deponent knewe allwayes occupied with the farme of Puryton /

"To the last he neuer herde that the same Eichard Pulley Margaret his
wife or the now complainaunt wer euer interrupted in the occupieng of the
same premisses vntyll this present stryfe / "

[Attested by mark.']

"Edyth Sayer [wife of] Eobert Sayer of Eadborne in the County of
[Wiltes'] of thage of .1. yeres, sworne &c.

" To the first seconde iijrd. iiijth. and vth. she saithe she cannot depose of
any suche Indenture made to the persones namyd in this Interrogatory of
the same manor and parsonage of Puriton. And she saithe that aboute a
yere and some what more before the deponent was maryed wiche is now
xxxiiij yeres a goo this deponent was then seruant in [the] house with the
same Eichard Pulley at Eadborne aforesaid at what tyme he had ther in his
handes the farme of the same manor of Puryton for that yere vpon lykyng
and not by Indenture And how he came by the same after warde by Inden-
ture she saith she knowith not nor can depose any more to this Interrogatory/

"To the vjth she saithe that at such tyme as she fyrst came to the
seruyce of the saide Eichard Pully father to the same Isabell now complain-
aunte wiche is xxxiiij yeres ago and aboute a ij yeres before this deponentes
saide mariage as she hathe predeposid the same Isabell was then a lytell

226

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

gyrrell in the house with her father of thage of a ij yeres to her iudgment or
nere theraboute And this deponent saithe the same Isabell is now of thage
of xxxvj yeres to her perfyt knowledge and remembraunce as she saithe
" To the vij viij and ix she cannot depose / "

[Attested by mark.']

" Ex. xxvjto John Dyer [of Tetbury] in the county of Gloucester

Aprilis gent' of thage of . . . sworne &c.

" To the first he saithe he hathe knowen perfytly well the same lordeship
of Puryton and the parsonage of Puryton by the space of a xxx . . . yeres
now past. And was scolemaster in the monastry of Malmesbury aboute a
xxxvj yeres past or some what more /

" To the second and iijd he saithe that he hathe seene and redde the same
Indenture specifyed in this Interrogatory so made to the saide Richard Pulley
Margaret his wife Ambrose Edmond and Isabell theyr childerne for terme of
theyr lyves and the longes lyver of them. And saithe the same lease was
made xxxiij yeres past and in the fyrst yere of Richard Cainme then Abbote
of Malmesbury this deponent then beinge scolemaster in the same monastry.
And saithe ther was to his now remembrance reseruyd vpon the same lease
the yerely rent of xxiij1' / And saithe that the same Indenture beyng sealyd
with the covent seale and in thandes of the then prior of the same monastry
this deponent dyd rede the same before the same prior and the then abbot
and the same Richard Pulley and conferryd the same with the counterpane
therof. And after collation therof made the same abbot sette his seale and
delyueryd the same to the said Richard Pulley as the dede of the saide abbot
and convent /

" To the iiijth he saithe he hathe knowen the same Richard Pulley in his
lyfe tyme and after his decease Margarete his wife duringe her lyfe tyme and
nowe the same Isabell complainaunte successyvely to haue occupied the same
manor of Puryton with the parsonage of Puryton by vertue of the same lease
so to them made /

"To the vth he saithe he knoith that the same Richard Pulley Margaret
his wife Ambrose and Edmond theyr childerne be all dede / and that the
same Isabell now complainaunte ys survivor and hathe occupied and enioyed
the same premisses by vertue of the same lease by the space of these iiij yeres
or nere theraboute/

"To the vjth he saithe [he knoith . . . ] that the same Isabell is of
thage of xxxvj [yeres and] that she was borne in the same yere that the
[Scotyshe] Kinge was slayne in the Scotyshe felde And saithe of his owne
knoledge that within a yere [after] the same lease so made to the same
Richard Pulley and the aforenamyd persones this deponent was attendant
vpon the then abbot of Malmesbury at the keping of a courte vpon the same
manor of Puryton / At what tyme he saithe that the same Isabell was then
a lytell gyrle of a iiij yeres of age playinge in the howse ther with whome the
then abbot of Malmesbury wolde iest with all and call yt wife / as he saithe /

" To the vijbh he saithe that the same dede of Indenture so made as he
hathe predeposyd was the very trew dede of the same late abbote and convent
of Malmesbury and was wryten by oone Robert Lawrence Register to

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

227

tharchedeacon of Wiltes then beinge / who dyed as he saithe aboute a xxx.
yeres past / And saithe that the possession of the same premisses was
delyuered accordingly by oone Sir John Frankelyng then Vicar of Puryton
as he herde saye / And more therof he knowith not /
" To the viijth he cannot depose /

" To the last he saithe he hathe knowen the same Eichard Pulley and
Margaret his wife and the now complainauntes occupie and enioye the
premisses according to the same lease withoute any interruption of any
persone vntyll this present strife as he saithe And neuer knewe or herde of
the contrary as he saithe /

[Attested] " per Joh'em Dyer."

" Eichard Vaughan [alias Ashe]ton clerke late monke of the late dissoluid
house of Malmesbury and no we curate of Ohurcheham in the county of
Gloucester of thage of liij yeres sworne &c.

" To the first he saithe he hathe knowen the lordeship of Puryton with the
landes therto belongyng by the space of xxxvj yeres and aboue /

" To the second and iijd. he saithe that xxxiij yeres past this deponent then
beinge ij yeres monke professid after his yere of probation was present in the
Chapiter House of the late Monastry of Malmesbury at suche tyme as the
lease mencyoned in this interrogatory was tber agreed vpon by the hole covent
ther present to be made to the saide Eichard Pulley Margaret his wife Ambrose
Edmonde and Isabell theyr childerne for terme of theyr lyves and the longes
lyver of them . for the yerely rent of xxiij1'. to his now remembrance /

" To the iiijth he saithe that before the dissolution of the same late monastry
of Malmesbury the same Eichard Pulley was possessid and occupied the same
premisses by all his lyfe tyme after the grante therof wiche was by the space
of xj yeres And after his decease Margaret his wife occupied the same by the
space of xvj yeres vntyll she dyed /

" To the vth he saith he knowith perfytly well that the same Eichard
Pulley Margaret his wife Ambrose and Edmonde theyr childerne be dede and
the same Isabell now complainaunte is survivor and occupieth the same.

"To the vj he saithe [that by his] estimation the same Isabell is now of
thage of [a x]xxyj yeres or more / for he saithe that aboute [aj . . . yeres
after the grante of the same lease this deponent with other of the monkes of
the same house according to the custome of the house was attendante vpon
the then abbote of Malmesbury at a courte holden vpon the same manor /
And saithe the same Isabell was then v or vj yeres olde in her fathers howse
at the same manor To whome the same Abbote had muche countynance and
did playe with all /

" To the vijth he saithe the same lease was the dede of the same abbot and
covent and was writen by oone Lawrence who had all the makyng of the leases
of the same house and dyed xxx yeres past to his remembrance / And saith
the possession therof was delyuerid accordingly by oone Sir John Frankelyng
then vicar of Puryton as he herde saye /

" To the viij he cannot depose /

" To the last he saith he newer knew or herde that the same Eichard Pulley

228

Pur ton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

Margaret his wife or the now complainauntes were euer interupted or trowbled
in the occupation of the same premisses vntyll this present strife as he saithe /

[Attested] " Eichard Vaughan."

" William Harm[erJ of . . . uley in the county of Gloucester weuer
of thage of lvj yeres sworne, &c.

" To the first second and iijrd he saithe that he cannot perfytly depose of
the [lease] of the saide manor of Puryton made to the saide Eichard Pulley
nor of the tyme therof But saithe that xxxiiij yeres past this deponent then
being seruant to Thomas Harmer of Stonehowse was with the same Thomas
Harmer at the same manor of Puryton wher the saide Eichard Pully then
dwelte and ther the same Thomas Harmer boughte certen woll of the same
Pulley at the same manor and so contynewyd with him in bargayning of
wolle sondry yeres after and sent this deponent then his seruant often tymes
for the same wolles . and aboute a v or vj yeres after this deponent fyrst
comyng to the same manor for woll as he hathe predeposyd the same Thomas
Harmer his master maryed and toke to wife the same Eichard Polleys
doughter whiche was the yere folowyng that the highe and mightye prince
Charles now Emperor was recyvyd into England as he saithe / [i5S0.J

" To the iiijth and vth he saithe he cannot depose /

"To the vj he saithe that to his estimation that the same Isabell now
complainaunte is of thage of xxxvj yeres or theraboute And that he saithe he
knoith for that she at the mariage of her syster to the same Thomas Harmer
as he hath predeposid dyd ryde behinde Eichard Selwyn this deponentes
neighbor to the same mariage and was then to his estimation a ix or x yeres
of age.

"To the residew of [thes interrogatories] he saith he cannot depose more
then that he [knoith] the same Eichard Pulley and Margaret his wife [did
occu] pie and enioye the farme of Puryton during [thei] r lyfe tymes by the
space of a xxix yeres to[gether] vntyll they dyed Sythe the wiche tyme the
now complainauntes by the space of thes iiij yeres or nere theraboutes haue
occupied the same And he neuer knew them interrupted therin vntyll this
present strife as he saithe /

[Attested by marled]

"Ex. ix° Maij Eichard Gagge cler' chapeleyn to Mr. Charles

An° iij° E. vju Herbert in the county of Monmouthe of thage

of liiij yeres sworne &c.

" To the first he saithe he hathe knowen the same manor of Puryton with
thappurtenaunces by the space of thes xxxvij yeres as he saithe

" To the second and iijrd he saithe that xxxvij yeres past this deponent was
made monke of the late dissoluid howse of Malmesbury and aboute a iij yeres
after that this deponent was present in the Chapiter Howse ther with his
cobretherne at suche tyme as the same lease mencyoned in this Interrogatory
was ther redde and agreed vpon by the prior and the hole convent then ther
assemblyd and so then by the same prior was sealyd with the convent seale
and afterward by the [same] prior broughte vnto thabbot of the same howse

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

229

[to be sealyd] with his seale / whiche abbot causid the same [to] be redde to
him by oone John Dyer scolemaster in the [same] monastery in the presence
of the same prior this [deponent and] the same Kichard Pulley And so then
vpon [hearing] therof he commaundyd this deponent beinge h[is chape]leyne
to setto his seale of office whiche this deponent so dyd and had vj.s. viijc?. for his
fee therin accordinge to the custome of the same monastry as he saithe /
And so then incontynentlye the same Abbot delyuerid the same lease so
sealyd vnto the same Kichard Pulley in the presence abouenamyd And
saithe the same lease was so made to the same Eichard Pulley and his wife
and to certen childerne wherof the same Isabell was ooone namyd therin of
his perfyt remembrance as he saithe And ther was reseruid vpon the same
lease the yerely rent of xxiij1' / And more therof he dothe not now re-
member /

" To the iiijth he saithe that incontynentlye after the graunte of the same
lease the saide Richard Pulley dyd enioye and occupie the same farme vntyll
his decease whiche was to his remembrance aboute a dosen yeres after /

"To the vth he saithe that to his knoledge all the persohes namyd in the
same lease be decide and the same Isabell now complainaunte as survivor
dothe enioye and occupie the same farme by vertue of the same lease

" To the vjth [he saithe that] within a yere after that the same lease was
[grauntid] this deponent as chapeleyn to the then Abbot [was attendant
vpon the same Abbot at courte h[olden up]on the same manor and so dynid
in the h[ouse of] the same Pulley fermour ther At what tyme . . . he
remembrith that he sawe the same Isabell then ther a lytell gyrle of a iij or
iiij yeres of age playng in the house ther /

" To the vijth he saithe he herde saye that Sr John Frankelyn Vicar of
Puryton dyd delyuer possession to the same Richard Pulley accordingly.
And saith that he remembrith that the then Abbot wrote his letter to the
saide Frankelyn to put the said Pulley in possession of the same ferme /

" To the viij he cannot depose /

" To the last he saithe he neuer knew or herde of any of the persones
namyd in the same lease to be interrupted in the occupieng therof vntyll this
present strife as he saithe /

[Attested] "By me Richard Gage."

Chancer y Proceedings, Edward VI.,
Bundle I., No. 39.

"Interrogatories to be mynystred on the behalf of Sr Edmund Bryddges
Knight agenest Benett Joy & Isabell his wyffe.

" 1. First how long is hyt agoo sence the lesse was made by the Abbott
and Covent of Malmesbury of the maner & Parsonage of Puryton in the
Countye of Wiltes to Richard Polley &c. and by whom and in what place was
hyt delyvered and how know you hyt to be true

" 2. Item what was the Abbottes name at the enselyng & delyvery of the
lesse And how long wasse the Abbot Abbott before that tyme.

230

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

" 3. Item who was Abbott next before the Abbott in whose time the lesse
was made & how long agoo is hyt sence they [" he" substituted'] dyed & who
was next Abbot after hym that made the lesse

" 4. Item how long any of the deponentes had byn monckes at the tyme
of the sealyng & delyvery of the saide dede & of what age were they then &
who was Prior then.

" 5. Item whether any of the deponentes dyd knowe one John Frankelyn
onys vicar of Puryton And how long was hyt that the said vicar died before
the delyvery of the said lesse. And whether Eychard Polley & he were
fryndes abought halfe yere before Frankleyn dyed or noo, And yf they were
not fryndes what was the cause therof & wherupon rose hyt by meanys of
denyall of Comen to the tennauntes or noo."

Star Chamber Proceedings, Henry VIII.,
Bundle 24, No. 6.

" Ex. xxvj" Aprilis Super interrogatoriis ex parte

An° E. vj. iij°. Edmundi Bridges Militis

(26th April, 1549.) ultimo loco ministratis

" John Dyer of Tetbury in the County of Gloucester of thage of lix yeres
sworne, &c.

" To the first he say the yt is xxxiij yeres ago sythe the same lease was so
made to the saide Kichard Pulley and thother persones namyd in the same /
whiche dede was delyuerid in thabbottes lodgyng of Malmesbury by the then
abbote vnto the same Richard Pulley And saithe he knowith the same to be
the trewe dede of the same abbot and Convent bycause yt was sealyd with the
seales of thabbot and Convent and by the same abbot as theyr dede delyuerid
to the saide Richard Pulley /

" To the second he saithe the the abbote of Malmesbury that so made and
delyueryd the same lease was callyd abbot Camme and dyd so graunte the
same in the fyrst yere that he was so made abbote

"To the iijd he saithe that the abbote nexte before abbote Camme was
callyd Richard Frampton who dyed aboute a xxxiiij yeres ago or theraboute
And ther nexte after abbote Camme succeded oone Robert Frampton
Chaunter of the saide monastery

" To the iiijfch he saithe he had dwelte in the same late monastry before
the graunte of the same lease aboute a iij yeres And doth not now remember
the name of the then prior ther

" To the last he saithe that he knew perfytly well the same John Frankelyn
some tyme vicar of Puryton who dyed xxxj yeres past and aboute a twelve
moneth after possession by him delyueryd of the same manor of Puryton to
the saide Richard Pulley And whether the same Frankelyn and Pulley were
frendes halfe a yere before the dethe of the saide Frankelyn he saith he knowith
not nor knew of any variaunce betwene them / "

"Richard Vaughan alias Asheton Clerke late monke professid of the
late dissolued howse of Malmesbury of thage of liij yeres sworne, &c.

" To the first he saithe yt is xxxiij yeres past sythe the lease specify ed in

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

231

this interrogatory was made to the same Eichard Pulley and thother persones
namyd in the same lease And saithe the same being agreed vpon in the chapiter
howse the prior ther for the tyme being toke the same into his handes / and
how or by whome or in what place yt was delyueryd to the same Eichard
Pulley he knowith not / And saithe he knoith the same lease to be the trew
dede of the same abbot and convent bycause yt was fully agreed vpon in the
chapiter house by the hole convent ther assemblyd /

" To the second he saithe the abbot that sealyd to the same lease was callyd
Eychard Camme and sealyd the same in the fyrst yere that he was made
abbot to his nowe remembrance /

" To the iijd he saithe that the abbote nexte before the said abbote Camme
was callyd Eichard Frampton and dyed aboute a xxxiiij yeres past And next
after abbote Camme succeeded oone Eobert Frampton and was abbote of
Malmesbury /

" To the iijth he saithe that at the tyme of thensealing of the said lease
this deponent had byn professid monke of Malmesbury aboute a iij yeres and
was then to his now remembraunce aboughte an xviij or xix yeres of age /
And at the ensealing of the same lease oone Bourton [" Cuttering " erased]
was prior ther to his now remembrance.

" To the last he saithe he dyd not knowe the same John Frankelyn some
tyme vicar of Puryton nor can depose any thing of this interrogatory."

Star Chamber Proceedings, Edivard VI.
Bundle 8, No. 41.

" Interrogatories to be mynystred on the behalf of Sir Edmund Bridges
knight agenst Benet Joy and Isabell his wiffe./

" 1 First dyd yow euer knowe John Frankleyn clark onys Vicar of Puryton
in the countye of Wiltes / And yf yow dyd how long ys hyt sence yow knew
hym fyrst./

" 2 Item dyd yow euer dwell with hym / And how long dwelt yow ther./

" 3 Item were yow dwellyng with the same Frankleyn at the tyme of his
death or noo / And yf yow dyd how long dyd the same Frankleyn lye sycke
before he departyd./

" 4 Item how long agoo ys hyt sence the same Frankleyn dyed And how
know yow that to be true. And what tyme of the yere dyed the said Frankleyn
to your knowledge./

" 5 Item dyd yow know Eichard Polley onys farmer of Puryton And yf
yow dyd what frendship and amytye was ther bytwyxt the same Polley and
the said Frankleyn at the tyme of Franklens deth

"6 Item yf they were not fryndes then how long was hyt that they
contynowed enemyes before the same Frankleyn dyed one yere or ij / And
what was the cause of their debate.

" 7 Item what hard yow the same Frankleyn sey touchyng Polley s hauyng
of the same farme after the tyme that such varyaunce was./

" 8 Item dyd yow euer here Frankleyn talk that Isabell Joy should haue
the same farme / And how long is hyt since yow herd she shuld haue hytt./

"9 Item how long is hyt sence the same Eichard Polley dyedd to your
remembraunce And whether were Marg[ar]ett Polley wyffe to the said
VOL. XXXIII.— NO. CI. Q

232

Purton. A Case , in the Star Chamber.

Richard and the last abbott of Malmesbury famylyar fryndes after the said
Rychard Polley's deth wherby she myght haue what lessys and copies she wold./

" 10 Item whether dyd the said Margarett require yow to lent some
money to the said abbott and what some was hytt / And what promesse made
she for to recompence the same /.

"11 Item were yow present or dyd yow euer here of any lyuery and seisen
made by the same Frankleyn to Polley within the compasse of xxxiiijth yeres
past. And how long is it sence Franklayn (sic) occupied the farme first xl or
xxxix yere agoo./

Star Chamber Proceedings, Edward VI.
Bundle 8, No. 41.

" Ex vj° Maij Super Interrogators ex parte magistri Bridges ultimo
An° iij° E. vj. loco datis.

[6th May, 1549.]

" John Hayes clerc' parsone of the parishe churche of Lydyard in the
county of Wiltes, of thage of lxiij yeres.

" To the first he saithe he knew the same John Frankelyn Clerc' xxxix
yeres ago he beinge then vicar of Puryton.

" To the seconde he saithe he dwelte with the same John Frankelyn xxxix
yeres past and was then parish prest of the churche of Lydyerde to the same
Frankelyn the parsone therof / and so contyneuyd with him vntyll his dethe
by the space of a vj yeres as he saithe /

" To the iijd he saithe he was so dwellyng with the saide Frankelyn at the
tyme of his dethe who laye ther sycke by the space of viij or ix dayes before
he dyed as he saithe /

" To the iiijth he saithe the same Frankelyn dyed aboute Bartylmew tyde to
his now remembrance being xxxiij yeres ago at Bartylmew tyde last past
[24th Aug., 1548] and that he saithe he knowithe for that this deponent the
vth daye of December nexte after was instituted parsone of Lydyard by the
then bysshop of Sarum then being voyde by the deth of the said Frankelyn.
The date of whiche Institucion at this his examination shewyed is quinto
Decembris An0 Domini Millesimo quingentesimo quinto decimo.

"To the vth vjth and vijth he saithe he knewe the same Richard Pulley
fermour of Puryton about a xl. yeres past and was so fermour there before tins
deponent came to [be] parishe prest at Lydyard to the same parsone Frankelyn
wiche is xxxix yeres past as he hathe predeposid / And saithe that there
was no frendship or amytie betwene the saide Pulley and the same parsone
Frankelyn at the tyme of the dethe of the saide Frankelyn nor oone yere
before the same / for he saithe the same Pulley then fermour of Puryton
went aboute by all meanes he coulde to inclose a certen grounde callyd Puryton
Hill whiche was and is comon euery thirde yere to the Inhabitantes of
Puryton / wherin he was resisted by the same Inhabitantes which rose in
greate nomber against him therin and complayned to the same parsone
Frankelyn therof who toke parte with the same his parishners therin and
ther[u]pon arose greate variaunce and grudge betwene the same Frankelyn

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamfer.

233

and the saide Pulley by the space of a hole yere before the dethe of the saide
Frankelyn / And this deponent herde the same Frankelyn saye / that he
wolde he had gyven xlu that the same Pulley had neuer byn fermor ther nor
euer come amongst his parishners /

"To the viijth he saith he neuer herde the same Frankelyn talke at any
tyme that the same Isabell now complainant shulde at any tyme haue the
same ferme nor euer herde therof at any other mans mouth as he saithe
saving that aboute a x yeres past upon the dethe of Gyles Pulley her brother
ther was a voyce that the same Isabell shulde haue the same ferme after her
mothers decease.

" To the ix and x he saithe he dothe not remember how long yt is sythe
the dethe of Eichard Pulley / And saithe ther was famelyarytie betwene
Margeret Pulley the wife of the saide Eichard and the last abbote of Malmes-
bury after her saide husbandes decease / And she obteynid at thandes of the
same abbote iij seuerall holdes by copie of this deponentes perfyt knoledge /
And the same Margaret Pulley in token of suche famylyarytie and frendship
toward the same abbote sent her sonne Gyles Pulley now decesyd to this
deponent to desyre this deponent at her request to lende to the same abbote
xlH. to ryde vp to London with all he being then destitute of mony / and
promised that she wolde be bonde to this deponent for the repayment therof
and also helpe him to a good turne at thabbotes handes for advouson of a
benefice or other holde of the same abbotes gyfte /

" To the last he saith he neuer knew or herde of any lyuery and season
made of the same farme of Puryton by the saide Frankelyn vnto Eichard
Pulley within thes xxxiiij yeres. / But saithe that xxxvij yeres past being the
second yere after his comyng to seruice to the same Frankelyn as he hath
predeposyd this deponent was present with Sir Henry Egmanton prest John
Glede and Thomas Goldsmith when the saide Frankelyn Vicar of Puryton
dyd delyuer possession of the saide ferme vnto the saide Eichard Pulley to
thuse of the saide Eichard Pulley Margaret his wife Edmonde Ambrose and
Gyles theyre chyldrene and no otherwise as he saithe. And whether the
persones then ther present with him be on lyve he knowith not but supposith
them to be dede onles the same Henry Egmanton prist be on lyve And
more therof he cannot depose /

" John Hayse parson of Lydeard."

[Autograph signature.~\

" Thomas Eles of Puryton aforesaide husbandman of thage of lij yeres
sworne &c. /

" To the first second iij a and iiijth he saithe he knewe the same John
Frankelyn Vicar of Puryton xl. yeres agoo and some what more and dwelte
with him aboute a x. yeres vntyl he dyed And saithe he lay sycke viij or ix
dayes before he dyed. And dyed some what before Bartylmew iyde to his
now remembraunce being at last Bartylmew tyde xxxiij or xxxiiij yeres ago.
And that he saithe he knowith for that this deponent after his dethe was
singleman and labored for his lyving abrode iiij yeres and then marryed and
hathe byn now a maryed man thes xxx yeres as he saithe /

Q 2

234

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

" To the vth. and vjth. he saithe ther was variaunce and grud[g]e betwene the
same Kichard Pulley and the same Vicar Frankelyn at the dethe of the saide
Frankelyn and xii monethes before whiche arose throughe that that the same
Frankelyn toke part with his parishners ageinst the same Richard Pulley
towching the inclosure of a parcell of grounde callyd Sowthemore and
Puryton Hill, whiche the saide Pulley went aboute to inclose / wherupon
muche strife arose as he saithe /

" To the vijth he saith he herde Vicar Frankelyn saye that yf Pulley had
not allredy gotten to his handes the farme of Puryton he wolde spende xlu
rather then he shulde haue yt so to trowble his parishners /

" To the viij he neuer herde the Vicar Frankelyn talk any thinge that the
same Isabell now complainant shulde at any tyme haue the same ferme.
Nor euer herde any voyce therof vntyll long after the dethe of Gyles Pulley
within this v. or vj yeres as he saithe

"To the ix he saith to his now remembrance yt is sythe the dethe of the
same Richard Pulley xvj yeres / And the same Margaret Pulley wife of the
saide Richard was very famylier with the last abbote of Malmesbury and gott
many voyde holdes in the towne ther at the same abbotes handes by copie of
Court Roll after her saide husbandes decease and usyd to ryde very often to
the same abbey of Malmesbury /

" To the xth he saithe thys article concernyth him not nor can depose therof /

" To the xj he saithe he was not present at any lyvery and season gyven
ther nor herde of any gyven within this xxxiij yeres of any parte of the
same manor and parsonage of Puryton / And saithe that he knewe the same
Richard Pulley now deceasyd fermour of Puryton and occupie the same xlu
yeres past / this deponent beinge then a yonge boye dwelling with the same
parson Frankelyn

[Attested by a cross.']

" William Robbyns of Puryton aforesaide husbandman of thage of lx yeres
sworne &c.

" To the first he saithe he knew the same John Frankelyn vicar of Puryton
xlu yeres past

" To the second and iijd he knowith nothing.

" To the iiijth he saithe that yt is to his remembrance xxxiiij yeres ago
sythe the saide Frankelyn dyed / and dyed aboute Bartylmew tyde as he saithe /

" To the vth and vj he saithe that he knewe the same Richard Pulley to be
fermour and to occupie the ferme of the manor of Puryton xlli yeres ago and
long before this deponentes comyng to the Towne of Puryton wiche is xxxvj
yeres past as he saith that he so came to Puryton And saithe that ther was
greate variaunce and grudge betwene the same Pulley and the same Frankleyn
then vicar of Puryton xij monethes and more before the dethe of Frankleyn
which arose as he saithe for that the same Pulley wolde haue inclosyd a
parcell of grounde from the parishners ther wherin the same Frankelyn toke
parte ageynst him and holpe his parishners therin / And so they contynewyd
vntyll the dyeng daye of the saide Frankelyn by asmoche as this deponent
coulde euer know or here /

Purton. A Case in the Star Chamber.

235

" To the vij he saithe he herde the same John Frankelyn saye that and yf
Puryton was to take ageyne yt shulde cost me xlu poundes rather then Eichard
Pulley shulde haue the same /

" To the viij he saith he neuer herde the same Frankelyn talke that Isabell
the now complainant shulde at any tyme haue the same farme nor this
deponent euer herde therof vntyll now within this xij yeres /

" To the ix he saithe that yt is xvj yeres ago sythe Richard Pulley dyed
And Margaret Pulley his wife after his decease grew in greate famyliarytie
with the last abbot of Malmesbury and gott iiij copye holdes at his hand of
this deponentes knolage

" To the xth the same concernyth not this deponent.

" To the last he saithe he was not present at any lyuery and season made
of the same farme / nor euer herde of any made therof sythe his comyng to
the same Towne whiche is xxxvj yeres ago / And otherwise or more then he
hath predeposed he cannot depose

[Attested by mark.]

Star Chamber Proceedings, Pdivard VI.
Bundle 8, No. 41.

236

%\t Jiomaii Mi\h at Jo*.1

By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A.

jfgjg^KE village of Box, which is about five and a half miles east

M of Bath, just within the Wiltshire border, was in Koman

times about two miles distant from either of the two great roads

leading from Bath in an easterly and northerly direction to

Silchester and Cirencester respectively.

A writer in the Gentleman's Magazine of 1831 (part L, 595-6),

in a letter upon the topography of Box, says : —

"the tradition of the place was, that there had been formerly found baths
. . . which had been considered to have been Koman,"

and : —

"that several beautiful tesselated pavements had formerly been found in
the churchyard and gardens adjoining, but no spot could be pointed out
where the same might with certainty be found,"

but the writer continues : —

" a year or two ago, in a garden belonging to Mr. Mullins,- adjoining the
churchyard, in making some additions to a very old building,3 the workmen
sinking for a foundation struck upon the mutilated remains of a tesselated
pavement about two or three feet below the surface of the ground. It appeared
to have been part of a large square, and the part now discovered was evidently

1 For a large part of the expense of the illustrations accompanying this
paper the Society is indebted to the kindness of Mr. W. Heward Bell. For
one of the photos reproduced we are indebted to Miss Coote, of Bath ; for
another to Mr. Hardy, of Box ; and for the remainder to Mr. Sidney
Brakspear. The drawing of the capital was kindly made by Mr.E. Cook,
of Devizes, and all the plans and drawings of pavements, &c, by Mr. H.
Brakspear. The British Archaeological Association has kindly allowed us to
make use of the description and plan of the portions excavated in 1881,
which were given in their Journal.— [Ed.]

2 He occupied the house now called " The Wilderness," and rented the
land whereon both the excavations of 1881 and 1902 took place.

3 This was certainly the "Old Parsonage House," that stood until 1853
upon the north-west angle of plot D (plan of site), and of which were found
certain foundations, in part made of hypocaust pilae laid on their sides.

The Roman Villa at Box.

237

one of its corners. It had a wide ornamental border of no remarkable beauty,
but what I particularly recollect (the few moments I had opportunity of
seeing it) was that there were evident effects of repeated fires having been
made apparently about the middle of the square ; for the tesserse toward the
centre were burnt from their original colours to a brick red, and the redness
diminished in intensity as it approached the border, near which the colours
were again all perfect. This pavement must have been discovered when the
old building was erected, for it appeared to run under its foundation, and if
so the remainder must have been then destroyed. The portion of it lately
found, however, was considered worthy of preservation, and has been, it is
hoped, safely secured from injury by means of large flag-stones carefully
placed over it."

This letter was followed in 1833 by a further notice in the same
magazine (p. 357) from the hand of the Eev. George Mullins, Rector
of Ditteridge, who lived at Box, in the house now called " The
Wilderness " : —

" In the supplement to the first part of your vol. ci., p. 596, a correspondent
in speaking of the antiquities of the village of Box, mentions the existence of
some Koman remains in my garden. The discovery which he alludes to was
that of a tesselated pavement found there a few years ago. I believe that
until that discovery no site of Koman remains could be pointed out in the
village, although tradition spoke of their existence. I have now to announce
a further and more important discovery, which has taken place within the
present year. In excavating some earth at the distance of forty-three yards
north from the pavement before alluded to, evident traces of another, but
in a state of destruction, presented themselves ; and in a line leading from
this immediately to the former I found seven stone pillars, of rough work-
manship, and near them an altar-like erection, consisting of several stones,
and a piece of stone of a semi-circular shape, about a foot across and eight
inches thick, partially excavated on each side as if for the purpose of holding
something. This stone bears evident traces of fire. Distant twenty-eight
yards to the west are the mutilated remains of a tesselated pavement of
blue stones, ornamented with two red borders, the tesserae nearly an inch
square, and the blue stones entirely decomposed. This pavement in its
original state must have been at least 10 or 12 feet square. The remains of
a wall on the south side were covered with several flues, made of whole
bricks, supported by iron cramps ; and underneath the bed on which the
pavement was laid, made of coarse gravel and mortar, were large flags,
supported by pillars of stone forming a regular hypocaust. The discovery of
this pavement induced me to make an opening at a point where I might
conjecture from the direction of the hypocaust where remains would be found ;
at a depth of 4 feet below the surface of the earth 1 discovered a third
tesselated pavement, very nearly perfect, apparently forming a passage
from some other part of the building. It is 9 feet wide and 28 feet long, and
turns at a right angle 6 feet, where it is broken up ; but it evidently extended
much further in both directions. In one corner is a curious stone cut in

238

The Roman Villa at Box.

form as though intended for a seat, but now only 8 inches high. The pattern
of this passage is particularly elegant. The ground colour is white ; the
exterior tesserae coarse ; the blue lines of smaller cubes form the borders,
6 feet about, and the intermediate space is filled with semicircles, forming
waving lines, blue, crossing each other at right angles ; these are again
intersected by others of half the diameter, with their extremities united in
the centre, and terminating in small crosses shaded with red and yellow,
white and blue, and producing the most beautiful effect. I have preserved
several specimens of the plaster from the walls, the colours of which are very
bright when first exposed to the air. The patterns were principally imitations
of Egyptian marble, with elegant coloured borderings, but I have not been
able to discover a decided figure on any of the pieces. One small vase
holding about a pint, apparently of British workmanship, was taken up near
the pillars, but unfortunately damaged by the spade. Numberless fragments
of earthen vessels, small pieces of pavement, tesserae, and Koman bricks, are
now in my possession. One room was evidently paved with square red
bricks, quite plain. One small coin only was found, and this was so far
corroded as to be wholly illegible. There is another piece of pavement
(which, however, I have never seen), in a distant part of my garden ; and the
whole of the original buildings, if square, must have covered a considerable
portion of ground, the most distant of the pavements being at least fifty
yards apart."

Although no plan accompanied this letter the late excavations
have made it quite easy to identify the various pavements described,
which will be referred to later when dealing with the respective
chambers to which they belonged.

The next notice of the villa, so far as is known, occurs in the
British Archceohgical Journal for 1860 (xvi., 340), in a short
article by H. Syer Cuming, quoting a letter received from a friend
of his who occupied a house on the site (probably that formerly
occupied by Mr. Mullins,) who says : —

" My garden is full of Roman remains — tiles somewhat ornamented, but
broken, bricks, tesselated pavement, fused iron, &c. I send all away to
mend the roads ; they are a perfect nuisance. We cannot put a spade into the
ground without bringing up these impediments to vegetable growth. There
is a bath quite perfect, in the centre of the garden. It has been opened, but
is covered up ; and a beautiful pavement runs all about. The bits I dug up
were white and black, very coarse work."

Mr. Cuming goes on to say : —

" I begged my friend to send me up some of the remains from his garden,
which he has kindly done, and a selection is now before you, consisting of
tesselae of rather rough-hewn dice of white limestone, and portions of four

By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A.

239

square flue pipes of red terra-cotta from the hypocaust, which are useful for
comparison with examples found in London and elsewhere. The majority
of the pipes met with at Box are scored with the common diamond pattern,
a few have only bands of parallel lines, whilst one fragment is decorated with
a succession of waved or undulated furrows of more novel design. From
more careful examination of these air conduits I am inclined to regard them
as the products of different kilns, for they vary both in hardness and colour
and above all in the character of the material, which must have been obtained
from different localities. The only example of stucco which has reached me
is a fragment of the fine variety called albarium ; but much of the walling
has been painted in fresco, in imitation of African marbles, with elegant
coloured borderings." 1

1 In his AqucB Solis, published 1864, Preb. Scarth, in his map marks the
sites of seventeen or eighteen Roman villas existing within a radius of seven
miles round Bath, of which this at Box is one, another at Ditteridge is
scarcely more than a mile away, and a third at Colerne not more than two
miles. Of the Box villa he says : — " The tesselated floors of three rooms were
found here quite perfect, but the patterns are plain and the work coarsely
executed. The most interesting portion is the remains of the bath ; the sides
and circular end of which were covered with tesserae of white lias. Careful
drawings have, I understand, been made of these pavements, which were
situated in gardens in the middle of the village. The remains of a hypocaust
have also been found, with several pillars entire, and a Roman bath is also
stated to have been found on the south side of the churchyard."

On page 127 he remarks : — " There are certain particulars of these villas
(round Bath) which are worthy of notice. The regularity of their form.
They were either built round a court, and formed three sides of a square ; or
else ran in a straight line, often with a projecting portion at right angles to
the main body of the building. They were all provided with a hypocaust
and baths, and had tesselated pavements of elegant workmanship. They
were accompanied with outbuildings, and situated in an area of some extent
enclosed by a boundary wall, within which were interments of two kinds,
viz., cremation and inhumation. The villas were supplied with earthenware
utensils of every description, and with glass, both for windows and domestic
use. Coins are found in the greatest abundance and to the latest period of
the Roman occupation. The situations are well-chosen, and the villas are
for the most part represented at the present day by elegant modern country
houses in the same localities and near the same sites. They were always
well supplied with water, and the wells were of excellent construction. The
villas round Bath do not seem to have equalled in dimensions those laid open
in other parts of England, as at Woodchester or Bignor, nor the elegant
remains which exist at Lydney, in Gloucestershire . . . The superstructure
of these villas is a subject which has caused much perplexity ; and antiquarians
are not decided as to whether the upper portions were constructed of stone or
wood. I am inclined to think that wood must have furnished the materials
of the upper portions, and that the stone walls were only carried to a certain

240

The Roman Villa at Box.

In the British Archaeological Journal for 1887 (xliii., 47 — 55) is
a very interesting article by Mr. R Mann, in which these notices
are all quoted, dealing with a portion of the villa excavated in
1881 and accompanied by a plan.

This portion was situated to the south of that recently uncovered,
and has been since partly built over. Mr. Mann's description of
the remains will be referred to later on.

Some Koman remains are said to have been found under the
porch of " The Wilderness " about 1888, but no record was kept of
their character.

In 1895 the small piece of pavement under the lawn of the same
house was discovered.

In 1897 Mr. Hardy, provision merchant, of Box, purchased the
walled garden (plot A, plan of site), with the narrow strip of land
that gives access to it from the road on the south. This land was
part of that occupied by Mr. Mullins and referred to in his letter
quoted above. The tradition of the Roman finds on the site caused
Mr. Hardy to begin excavating, with the result that the greater
part of the buildings in his garden were uncovered.

For various reasons it was impossible to make a thorough exami-
nation and survey of the site at that time, much as Mr. Hardy
wished it, so that the whole was filled in again and the matter
remained in abeyance till the summer of last year (1902). Mr.
W. Heward Bell, of Seend, then most generously offered to bear
the expense incurred in having the whole excavated and planned.
The work was commenced in August, 1902, and continued until
the end of January, 1903, and it is only right to record that it was
to the untiring energy of Mr. Hardy, in constantly superintending

height above the ground-floors. The remains seem to indicate that they were
hastily plundered and then set fire to, and that the roofs and timbers fell in
upon the floors, which are often found indented and covered with burnt
matter and roofing tiles. After remaining in this condition, it may be, for
centuries, the portions of the walls still standing were afterwards used as
quarries, when stone was needed for other buildings or to make enclosures.
The Saxon population left them in ruins ; the Norman and mediaeval in-
habitants used them as materials, and thus little is left to our time except
the foundations, and that which lies buried under their debris."

By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A.

241

the men and securing every feature of interest as brought to light
that the success of the undertaking is due.

The villa was situated on the side of a hill, sloping north, over-
looking the valley of Box brook, to the east and north of the
parish church.

The high ground is still full of a number of very strong springs,
which doubtless influenced the choice of the spot for habitation by
the Komans. The springs coming from the limestone rock had
from time immemorial deposited masses of tufa down the slope
upon which the villa was built, and this tufa was used largely for
foundation of the floors and hypocausts. Whether the springs
were collected into a reservoir before serving the villa is im-
possible to say, but the surplus water was carried away through
deep culverts.

So great was the body of water from these springs that throughout
the middle ages it was sufficient to drive a mill belonging to
Monkton Farleigh Priory. The dam of this mill was formed upon
the site of the court of the villa, possibly being merely an enlarge-
ment of an impluvmm, and yet remains as a pond. The mill was
still in use to tlie end of the eighteenth century, and the mill
house is now incorporated in that of " The Wilderness." The
writer of the article in the Gentleman s Magazine for 1831, already
quoted, says "little remains of the mill are now visible here,
excepting the place of the over-shot wheel and the circumstance
that very many old-fashioned millstones are to be seen in the
pavements about the premises."

The plan of the site shows the position of the villa with respect
to the modern boundaries and buildings at present existing.

The recent excavations were principally confined to plot A, and
embraced the whole of the north-east portions of the building.
Some small parts were traced outside that ground on the north
(plot E), and in the Yicarage garden (plot B) on the east. Un-
fortunately it was not possible to complete the excavations in
the Vicarage garden to the outside walls. The excavations were
also continued along the west side of plot D, but beyond a
small fragment in the extreme north angle nothing was found,

242

The Roman Villa at Box.

everything having doubtless been grubbed up by the owner who
considered them a "perfect nuisance" and "impediments to
vegetable growth."

The villa, thus partly exposed by the various excavations that
have taken place on its site, must have been one of very considerable
size,, as it measured at least 174 feet from east to west and 216 feet
from north to south.

It was built on the courtyard plan ; but whether the south side

By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A.

243

was enclosed by buildings, or open, in the more usual English
manner, is impossible to say at present.1

The court had a passage round it on the east, north, and west
sides in front of a range of buildings presumably opening therefrom.
On the north and east sides was another passage outside the
buildings.

The outside passage, on the east side, continued southward to a
set of chambers containing the baths and in the centre of its
length a considerable sized wing of other chambers projected
eastward.

The arrangement on the west side was probably similar to that
on the east, judging by the discoveries under the porch of " The
Wilderness," and the reputed pavements in the churchyard.2

A considerable alteration of the original plan was made at a later
period at the north-east angle, by the erection of a large chamber
having an apsidal north end, and the outer passage on the east side
was so altered as to be still on the outside of the new building.

If a corresponding addition was made on the west side all
evidence of its existence has been destroyed by the formation of a
sunk garden on its site.

The whole of the walls of the villa were constructed of the
freestone beds of the great oolite, for which Box is still famous.

The original walls were built in rubble or unsquared stones,
without the usual bonding courses of tile or large flat stones
common to Eoman work, and were plastered inside and out.

The later walls were built with similar rubble, but faced ex-
ternally with squared stones, in shallow courses varying from 6 to
4 inches, which do not seem to have been plastered.

The mortar was of an ordinary yellow colour, but not particularly
good, and there was no sign of brick being used in its composition.

1 The tradition of the place is that the remains found in the churchyard
were close against the north boundary towards its east end, which, if correct,
would prove the south side of the court to have been enclosed by buildings.

Since this was written the site in " The Wilderness " garden has been
excavated as far as possible, and will be described later.

244

The Roman Villa at Box.

From the thickness of the foundations generally and the abun-
dance of building stone in the neighbourhood it would appear that
all the walls were built throughout of stone.

The plaster of the walls was apparently coloured and painted
generally, and of this a great number of fragments were found,
which, when first exposed, were very brilliant.

The plaster was formed of a yellowish oolitic gravel having
pebbles of considerable size, and it is difficult to see how it was
brought up to the smooth surface prepared for the paint. The
thickness was often as much as 2 inches.

From the fragments it appeared that the general scheme of
decoration was of large panels of colour bordered and framed with
lines of red, green, and white. The chief interest lay in the
wonderful variety of imitations of marble, with which the panels
of many of the rooms must have been filled. This was produced
solely by splashings of different colours from a brush, and not by
any attempt at veining or marbling.

The roofs were covered with two sorts of tiles. The one, of
which great quantities were found, being of thick Pennant 1 stones
of elongated hexagonal form, of two sizes, with a pin-hole at one
angle by which they were suspended. The other, of which a
number of fragments were found, being the ordinary red flat
flanged tegulce with half -tube shaped imbrices that protected the
turned- ap flanges.

Of the flat building bricks2 only a very few examples were
found in the recent excavations, and none in situ except round the
stoke holes of the hypocausts. But in the hypocausts opened in
1881 "the pilae were built of the usual 8 inch square tiles."

The tesserae ranged in size from 1J inches to ^ inch square,
and the materials from which they were made varied with the
importance of the chambers.

The best rooms had pavements of small tesserae, the ground

1 These Pennant tiles doubtless came from the neighbourhood of Bristol.
- Those found measured 10 \ x 10| X 1^, or 13 x \\\ X \\. Fragments
only of others larger still and 2in. thick were found.

244

The Roman Villa at Box.

From the thickness of the foundations generally and the abun-
dance of building stone in the neighbourhood it would appear that
all the walls were built throughout of stone.

The plaster of the walls was apparently coloured and painted
generally, and of this a great number of fragments were found,
which, when first exposed, were very brilliant.

The plaster was formed of a yellowish oolitic gravel having
pebbles of considerable size, and it is difficult to see how it was
brought up to the smooth surface prepared for the paint. The
thickness was often as much as 2 inches.

From the fragments it appeared that the general scheme of
decoration was of large panels of colour bordered and framed with
lines of red, green, and white. The chief interest lay in the
wonderful variety of imitations of marble, with which the panels
of many of the rooms must have been filled. This was produced
solely by splashings of different colours from a brush, and not by
any attempt at veining or marbling.

The roofs were covered with two sorts of tiles. The one, of
which great quantities were found, being of thick Pennant 1 stones
of elongated hexagonal form, of two sizes, with a pin-hole at one
angle by which they were suspended. The other, of which a
number of fragments were found, being the ordinary red flat
flange 1 tegulw with half -tube shaped imbrices that protected the
turned- up flanges.

Of the flat building bricks2 only a very few examples were
found in the recent excavations, and none in situ except round the
stoke holes of the hypocausts. But in the hypocausts opened in
1881 "the pilre were built of the usual 8 inch square tiles."

The tesserae ranged in size from 1-|- inches to ^ inch square^
and the materials from which they were made varied with the
importance of the chambers.

The best rooms had pavements of small tesserae, the ground

1 These Pennant tiles doubtless came from the neighbourhood of Bristol.

2 Those found measured 10| x 10| X 1J, or 13 x 11£ X 1^. Fragments
only of others larger still and 2in. thick were found,

0

Pavement of Passages round Court.

By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A.

245

work being of a very fine-grained hard straight-splitting limestone
varying from a light cream colour to almost pure white,1 the dark
portions were of a blue-black fine-grained lias and dark grey and
chocolate coloured Pennant stone, the red was of hard fine-grained
tile, the yellow (which was very sparingly used), of an oolite from
the tipper brash beds. The borders of these rooms were of large
tesserae in nearly all cases of the cream-coloured limestone.

The inferior parts of the villa had floors of large tesserae of
Pennant stone and a common buff oolite.

All the materials used were procurable within a comparatively
few miles of the site.

The tesserae were laid on a thick bed of concrete formed of a
rough mortar having a considerable admixture of broken bricks.
This was supported above the hypocausts by large rough slabs of
local stone from the fissile beds of the great oolite. Where there
were no hypocausts the ground had been made up to a considerable
depth with broken stones, gravel, and tufa.

The general plan shows the buildings that have been discovered
during the recent excavations, together with those found in 1881,
in their respective positions.

Each chamber is numbered on the plan and will be described
in order.

Chamber I., I., L, formed the passage round the central court,
which was 80 feet wide from east to west. The passages were
9 feet wide, but all evidence of a wall next the court, if any ever
existed, had entirely disappeared.

The pavement was formed of white, blue, and red tesserae with a
cream-coloured border, and although not an uncommon design is

1 This material makes very regular and durable tesserae, and in addition to
the cream colour and white a few were found of a very light grey or pinkish
shade, probably produced by the heating of the stone. It appears to be
precisely the same stone as is used in the pavements of Cirencester and
Silcbester. The authorities of the Jermyn St. Museum say that it may be
derived either from the white lias (Rhcetic) beds, or more likely from the
white limestone of the great oolite. This is the material which is spoken of
as " Palombino marble," by some of the earlier writers. Cf. Wilts Arch.
Mag., xxvi., 409. — (E.H.G.)

246

The Roman Villa at Box.

exceedingly effective. It remained tolerably perfect along the
east passage for 28 feet from the north wall, and returned a short
distance along the north passage. The greater part of this passage
was not cleared,1 but at the west end fragments of the pavement
were again found, which were of great interest as showing where
the passage returned southward along the west side of the court.

The north-east angle of this passage was opened by Mr. Mullins
in 1833, and described in his letter, already quoted. The pavement
appears to have been preserved by him by enclosing it in a walled
building, that was used as a beer cellar, which was destroyed some
years ago ; but the lowest courses of its 8 inch ashlar walls were
found.

Chamber II. was probably a passage, but it is not possible to say
definitely, as the only indication of its existence is a fragment of
pavement, now covered by a trap-door in the lawn of "The
Wilderness."2 It consists of a band of chocolate tesserse of uncertain
width, a band of red inches wide, and a band of cream-colour,
also of uncertain width.

A large area of the lawn to the south covers tesselated pave-
ments, judging by a probing rod, and may shortly be exposed to
view.

Chamber III. retains the core of the foundations of the north
wall, which now forms a terrace wall above the sunk garden
already mentioned.

The nature of the floor is unknown, as no excavation has been
made on the site.3

1 The pavement, from the reports of the workmen who had uncovered part
of it before, is believed to be in a fairly perfect condition throughout most of
this northern passage.

2 This fragment of flooring has unfortunately been since destroyed through
an error.

3 In the recent excavations, which will be referred to at the end of this
paper, a fragment of this floor was found at the south-west angle of the
apartment. It consists of a border 16 inches wide of coarse cream-coloured
tesserse, with a vandyked band of small blue-black tesserae 4| inches wide,
forming the edge of the centre portion, which had a white ground, but had
almost all been destroyed.

By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A.

247

This chamber was apparently the westernmost of the range
forming the north side of the court, all the chambers of which are
19 feet wide from north to south and had a north wall 4 feet thick.

Chamber IV. was a passage 4 J feet wide, and retained part of
its side walls above the floor level.

It was paved with small blue and white tessera?, in a bold fret
pattern, and had a cream border, of which a small portion remained.
The whole pavement was found in fair preservation in 1898, but
was then taken up.

Chamber V. was 18 feet from east to west, and was of considerable
interest. It was entered either from passage IV. or chamber VI.,
and not directly from the court, as the wall on that side was
standing some 12 inches above the floor-level for its whole length
without an opening.

It originally had a fine pavement, of which numerous fragments
were found, and stood over a hypocaust.

Of the hypocaust some fifty-one straight-sided stone pilse
remained in position, and the stoke-hole, in the centre of the north
wall, was constructed with tiles. Against the south and part of
the east walls remained a number of flue-tiles set on the top of
the 3 inch ledge that formed the set-off of the foundation.

This chamber was among those discovered by Mr. Mullins in
1833, and then " had mutilated remains of a tesselated pavement
of blue stones, ornamented with two red borders ; the tessera? being
nearly 1 inch square and the blue stones entirely decomposed.
The remains of a wall on the south side were covered with several
flues made of whole bricks supported by iron cramps, and under-
neath the bed on which the pavement was laid, made of coarse
gravel and mortar, were large flags supported by pillars of stone
forming a regular hypocaust."

Chamber VI. was 15 feet from east to west and retained part of
its walls near both south angles above the floor-level. In the
centre of the south wall was a gap evidently for the entrance from
the court.

VOL. XXXIII. — NO. CI. K

248

The Roman Villa at Box.

The pavement was the most ornamental of any discovered,
the tesserae were of unusually small size in chocolate, blue, white,
buff, and red. The pattern being prepared for a square chamber
had been enlarged north and south by engrailed borders ornamented
with tulips. The border was of large cream tesserae having blue
and red keys alternated.

There was no hypocaust beneath and it may have formed a
vestibule to the two rooms on either side of it.

The pavement was opened in 1898 and left exposed too long,
when a considerable portion of the west side, which was quite
perfect, was spoilt by the frost.

The weather being too wet when it was opened last year to allow
of its removal, the whole has been covered up again.

Chamber VII. was 1 5 feet from east to west and had a hypocaust
beneath. Fourteen pillars of the hypocaust were standing,
averaging 8 inches square and 2J feet high, and were straight-
sided and roughly sawn. Two were rebated on the angle, as if
originally intended for jamb stones of a door. The stoke-hole was
in the middle of the north wall and was formed with tiles. Just
within this a number of loose tiles were found and several were
stuck together with mortar and may have been from the jambs of
the stoke-hole or possibly the pike immediately within it, and
most subject to heat. 1

A few tesserae of small size were found, so that the pavement of
the chamber was doubtless of good quality.2

Against the south wall was a remarkable formation of stalagmite,
which is clearly shown towards the left of the photograph, deposited
by the percolation of water through the soil and walls after the
original water channels of the Eoman house were destroyed.

Chamber VIII. was 10 feet from east to west by 12 feet from
north to south.

1 This was borne out by one tile remaining imbedded in the concrete
bottom of the hypocaust, where a pillar certainly stood.

2 A piece of an altar-tomb, apparently from the church, was found to the
north of this chamber, showing how everything on the site had been disturbed.

Pavement of Chamber VI.

By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A.

249

Towards the north of the chamber were found remains of a
tesselated pavement in 1898. It apparently consisted of a two-
ringed knot pattern of white, red and blue tesserce surrounded by
a white and blue fret border. This piece of pavement was unfor-
tunately removed in 1898 without proper measurements being
taken, but from a rough tracing of Mr. Hardy's the accompanying
sketch has been made.

SCALE I Innil I 3 FEET.

Restored pavement of Chamber VIII.
(From a tracing taken by Mr. Hardy.)

Towards the south-east of the chamber was a fragment of opus
signinum, 1 which may have been used to repair a defective piece
of floor.

Across the centre of the floor was a drain running northward

1 Some of the rooms which were not laid with tesselated pavements seem
to have been floored with this material — a strong concrete formed of gravel
and small bits of broken tile, the whole ground down to a smooth surface,
making a durable floor of pleasing appearance. Considerable masses of it
were found mixed with the wall plaster. [E.H.G.]

R 2

250

The Roman Villa at Box.

formed of stones having a sunk channelled bottom, about 6 inches
across by 4 inches deep, covered with flat stones and pieces of tile.

A considerable quantity of wall plaster painted yellow was found
in this room.

Beneath the walls running north and south, of this and the last
chamber described, are large blocks of foundation, like buttresses,
but set irregularly against the north wall of the chambers, for
what purpose it is impossible to say.

Chamber VIII. a. occupies the space between chamber VIII.
and the court, and from the evidence of the drain, already described,
leading from this chamber, it is supposed to have been used for
necessary convenience.

Chamber IX. was a passage 4J feet wide connecting the court
with the passage on the north side the buildings. It retained its
east wall, over 12 inches in height, and a portion of the west wall
remained above the floor-level. In the latter were probably
openings leading to chambers VIII. and VIII. a.

The pavement remained tolerably perfect and was composed of
large tesserae in alternate squares of buff oolite and chocolate-
coloured Pennant, 13 inches wide, within a buff border. It showed
signs of fire in places.

Chamber X. was 20 feet from east to west, and formed the angle
between the chambers on the north and east sides of the court,
but was considerably altered in later Eoman times.

It apparently was without a hypocaust originally, but one was
inserted with a stoke-hole at the north-east angle at the time of
the later enlargement. In this hypocaust the pilse are of different
shape from the others, being roughly -hewn blocks of stone with
slightly hollowed sides, of which twenty- three remained in position.
A flue tile set horizontally remained in the south-west angle.

Part of this hypocaust was opened in 1833, when Mr. Mullins
" found seven stone pillars of rough workmanship and near them
an altar-like erection consisting of several stones and a piece of
stone of semi-circular shape about 1 foot across and 8 inches thick

By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A.

251

partially excavated on each side as if for the purpose of holding
something. The stone had evident marks of fire."

The " altar-like erection " had entirely disappeared before the
late excavations.

The pavement of the room was of small tesserae, of which a
number were found, including some pieces which apparently were
part of a guilloche pattern, and the border was of large chocolate-
coloured tesserse, of which a small piece remained in the south-west
angle.

Chamber XI. was a passage about 4 feet wide leading from the
court to the outer passage on the east side. The south wall re-
mained to some 12 inches above the floor-level. In the north wall
must have been an entrance to chamber X.

The pavement had been entirely destroyed.

Chamber XII. was 14| feet from north to south, and was ap-
parently only entered from the court. The north, west, and part
of the south walls remained above the floor-level. Very distinct
indications of fire existed towards the north end, the wall was
much burnt, and the floor covered by a thick layer of ash. The
floor was of opus signinum. A quantity of pieces of plaster,
painted yellow, were found in this chamber.

Chamber XIII. was a passage only 3 J feet wide. The centre
part of the north wall was standing 3 feet above the floor-level,
and retained part of its plaster, but the colouring, if it ever had
any, had perished.

The floor was entirely destroyed.

Chamber XIV. was 15f feet from north to south and retained
its north wall above the floor-level.

The floor was completely destroyed and nothing of interest was
found.

Chamber XV. was apparently about 9-J feet wide, and was 3 feet
longer towards the east than the rest of the chambers in this range.

252

The Roman Villa at Box.

It retained a small portion of the walls in the north-east angle
above the floor-level.

A fragment of pavement of small red, blue, and white tesserae
existed towards its west end with a considerable piece of a buff
border.

At its east end was a drain constructed with wide stone bottom
having a channel 12 inches wide and 4 inches deep worked in it.
The drain returned at slightly more than a right-angle, 3 feet from
the north wall of the chamber, in an easterly direction.

In this chamber was found in 1898 a small perfectly plain altar
measuring 22 J inches high by about 10 inches square. All traces
of an inscription, if such ever existed, had been weathered or
cut away.1

Chamber XVI. was a small lobby about 8 feet by 9 feet, from
north to south. It retained its north wall above floor-level showing
it had no connection with chamber XXI., unless the doorway had
a raised sill.

The floor has left a fragment of its border of cream tesserae,
against the north wall, which was 7 inches higher than that in
chamber XV.

Chamber XVII. was apparently approached from the last, and
formed a passage leading to that part of the villa opened in 1881,
of which more later.

Chamber XVIII. was about 20|- feet long by 11 feet wide. It
had a wall 4 feet thick on the north side.

The floor was covered with small tesserae which had apparently
been removed at some time, the mortar bed upon which they
rested being quite perfect and retained a few odd tesserae in situ.

To the south of this chamber, judging by the dimensions given
by Mr. Mullins in 1833, must have been the pavement discovered
in 1831, "in making some additions to a very old building the
workman in sinking for a foundation struck upon the mutilated

1 This altar has been presented by Mr. Hardy to the Devizes Museum.

By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A.

253

remains of a tesselated pavement about two or three feet below
the surface of the ground. It appeared to have been part of a
large square, and the part now discovered was evidently one of its
corners. It had a wide ornamental border of no remarkable beauty."
There was no record of this being found in 1881, so that as it
was carefully covered with flag-stones it may yet be exposed at
some future date.

Chamber XIX. was only partly excavated at its north end, but
no indications of a pavement remained.

Running along its west side was a culvert 1 f feet wide and 3|
feet deep, with a paved bottom, 4£ feet below the level of the floor
of chamber XX. At the south side of the chamber the culvert
turned at about an angle of 45° in a south-easterly direction and
had a right-angle branch, of the same width as the main culvert^
joining it from an easterly direction.

Chamber XX. was 8 feet from north to south, but of uncertain
length, and apparently a passage-way.

The north wall remained, as far as the culvert, above the floor-
level.

Under the north-west corner the drain already mentioned in

Capital found built up in foundations.

254

The Roman Villa at Box.

chamber XV. turned again at right angles in a northerly direction.
Outside the north wall immediately to the east side of the drain
was found a moulded Doric capital, used up for old material, which
is now in the Devizes Museum.

The floor remained for a considerable area in a perfect condition,
it was composed of small white and blue tesserre arranged in a fret
pattern and had a cream-coloured border. It was slightly higher
in level than the floor of the passages round the court, but lower
by 7 inches than that of chamber XVIII.

Chamber XXI. formed part of the passage along the outside of
the eastern range of chambers. It was 10 feet wide and 32J feet
long, and was entered from the west by passage XIII.

Along the west side was a piece of masonry projecting 18 inches
from the wall that tapered off to the wall face at the south-west
angle.

The east wall was all destroyed above the foundations.

The north end had a wide opening with square ashlar piers 18
inches wide. That on the east remained to some three courses
high, but on the west had been destroyed.

The pavement had been entirely destroyed.

Chamber XXII. originally formed another section of the same
passage, of about the same length as chamber XXL, and had also
a wide opening at its north end in line with the northern wall of
the northern range of chambers.

When the addition before mentioned was made, this chamber
was reduced to a mere lobby 9 feet from east to west, which
apparently was entered from the court by the passage XL, and
had another opening opposite into chamber XXIII.

Before proceeding further it will be well to describe the addition,
made at the later period, at the north-east angle of the villa.

This apparently consisted in building a large room, 24 feet wide
by 32 feet from north to south, having an apsidal end projecting

By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A.

255

northward, upon the site of chambers X., XXV. or part of the
passage along the north side the building, and XXII. or part of
the eastern passage.

Chamber X. was then converted into a hypocaust with a stoke-
hole in its north-east angle, but the rest of the new chamber had
no hypocaust beneath.

It is quite possible the new addition was divided into two
chambers by leaving the old north wall of chamber X and merely
piercing it with an opening.

The apsidal north end was built square externally and had a
buttress projecting 4| feet in line with each side wall and one in
the centre. These buttresses had small chamfered plinths on their
north faces.

There was a piece of foundation on the east side that may have
been for another buttress.

Between the buttresses had been built, still later in Eoman
times, high blocks of masonry with rough offsets to the north, but
for what purpose it is impossible to say.

As a result of this addition the old east passage was destroyed,
and as this seemed a requisite part of the villa it was built again
eastward of the new building.

Chamber XXIII. formed the southern part of the rebuilt east
passage, which was 8 feet wide and had a projecting footing 3
feet wide in its east face.

Figure of Huntsman in a niche.

256

The Roman Villa at Box.

This also seems to have had buttresses, as the commencement
of one in line with the south end was found.

In this chamber, in 1898, was found in made ground a large
stone retaining the middle portion of a well-carved standing figure
in a niche, apparently representing a man returning from the
chase, having a hare hanging over one shoulder and a bird over

' © © ©

the other.

Chamber XXIV. formed the northern part of the rebuilt passage
which was found separated from chamber XXIII. by a wall
standing some three feet in height. This wall was apparently a
later work, after the passage was disused, and may have formed
part of an alteration whereby the chambers XXIII. and XXIV.
were made into separate and wider rooms, as it crosses the old
west wall of the first passage as though joining up to the main
wall of the added apartments.

Chambers XXV., XXVII., and XXVIII. were apparently in
the first place all part of a passage exterior to the northern range
of chambers.

The northern wall was plastered throughout its length externally,
showing that the ground outside must have been at a considerable
depth below the Hoor-levels of the villa.

Inside chambers XXV. and XXVII. near the south wall was
found an immense quantity of small pieces of painted plaster at a
depth of 3 feet below the floor-level.

Towards the eastern end of the first chamber six hypocaust
pillars were found similar to those in chamber X. They may
have been the identical pillars met with in 1833. This chamber
at that time had a pavement, " but in a state of destruction."

Chamber XXVI. with XXV. formed one apartment of the later
addition already described.

The inside face of the apse remained for 11 J feet on the east
side and 5 feet on the west.

By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A.

257

Chamber XXIX. apparently was an addition to the original
work. It was 12 feet from north to south and 17 feet long,
having walls If feet thick standing fully 3 feet in height. They
were faced externally with squared stones in courses, and seem
not to have been plastered.

The portion of the villa found in 1881 stood to the south of the
central court, approached by a continuation of passage XVII., and
consisted principally of two chambers with hypocausts having
apsidal ends towards the west.

Mr. Mann, in the paper already referred to,1 describes what was
then exposed, and from his account the following description is
arranged to be in accordance with that of the recent excavations.

Chamber XXX. was a passage in continuation of passage XVII.,
but only 6 J feet wide.

In the south wall was an opening only 2 feet wide.

It had a pavement, having a large fret pattern in blue and white
tesserae, a patch of which at a little distance from its south end
"was discoloured by fire." It sloped 13J inches in its length
towards the north.

Chamber XXXI. was a small square lobby at the end of the
passage entered through the narrow door from the last chamber.
It had on the east side at M " a rectangular piece of masonry, the
upper surface being level with the floor : most probably it served
as a pedestal of statuary or an altar." Unless it "marks the
position of any steps of access to a doorway which might have
been at a higher level than the top of the wall now seen."

" The flooring is of white lias tesserae having the dark-coloured
fret pattern ; and its enclosing border, formed with tesserae of
Pennant, in colour a dark indigo."

On the west side of this chamber is a wide opening into

Chamber XXXII. , which Mr. Mann designates a bath. " The

1 British Arcliceological Journal, xliii., 47 — 55.

258

The Roman Villa at Box.

floor of the bath itself was 2 feet 11 inches below the floor of its
chamber (XXXI.), from which the bathers descended by two steps,

Section of bath looking south.

as shown on the section. The floor and sides were faced with
tesserae of white lias ; an arrangement seldom met with, I believe.
I could see no plug or other means of emptying it ; but at L on
plan there was an overflow pipe 2 inches in diameter, embedded
in the wall. I was told that on the opposite side, nearest the
furnace, was another pipe ; if so, it must have been removed
previous to my visit. But though I did not see it I believe it to
have been there, serving as a supply-pipe possibly conveying the
water after it had been heated by any vessels, which for that
purpose would have been admirably placed in the latter chamber
over the furnace (K)."

This was removed together with the pavements, by the owner
of the property, Mr. Stier, of Bath, in whose possession they are
at the present time.1

From the above description and the position of this semicircular
receptacle for water, opening direct from a passage of communication,
it is far more likely it was a fountain than a bath.

Chamber XXXIII. was at a height of nearly 3 feet above
chamber XXXI., from which it would be approached by steps in
the thickness of the wall. It had a hypocaust beneath, with a
stoke-hole in the west wall, and apparently ten pihe standing. It
is called by Mr. Mann the furnace or prcefumium.

1 For an account of this "bath " and pavement, and illustrations of them
as they existed in situ, before removal, see paper by Kev. E. H. Goddard in
Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxvi., 405 — 409.

By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A.

259

Chambers XXXIV. anal XXXV. were both of equal size and
had apsidal ends towards the west that appear to have had pilasters
at the junctions of the circular and square parts.

Both chambers had hypocausts of which thirteen pilse seem to
have been standing in the first and two in the last. " The floor of
the hypocaust upon which the pilse were built was formed of
concrete at a level of 2 feet 1 0 inches to 3 feet below the room
floor above. The letter P marks the position of a hollow flue-tile
4 inches square, built into the wall, the bottom of the opening
being 2 feet 2 inches above the lower concrete floor. At Q is the
aperture for the flame and heat from the furnace K. In all
probability there was a duplicate opening at the corresponding
point in the intervening wall, but the earth was not sufficiently
removed to allow of access. The width of the aperture Q was
1 foot 6f inches. At 1 foot 11 inches above the concrete floor,
three successive courses of brick projected into its opening, and
so, reducing its width, the next course of flat tile completely
covered it. The top side of this tile is 2 feet 8 inches above the
concrete floor.

" At E, and at about 1 foot above the concrete floor, apparently
crushed down from its proper position, were two small pieces of
the tesselated pavement. In one there were three rows of Pennant
(dull indigo colour), then four rows of white lias, succeeded by one
row of Pennant, evidently part of the border or division, unless it
formed a portion of a floor of geometrical design. In the second
piece there were two rows of dark Pennant followed by three rows
of a lighter shade and then four rows of white lias. The pila3 of
the hypocaust were built of the usual 8 inch square tiles."

Section of west wall of chamber XXXIV.
Outside of these chambers was found a drain 12 inches wide and

260

The Roman Villa at Bo:r

4 inches deep, which came from a southerly direction and
turned with two right-angle bends round their south-west angle ;
it then followed the west wall and turned again westward. It
was without doubt the upper part of the same drain that passed
under chambers XVI. and XX.

In conclusion the writer wishes to record his indebtedness : —

To the Eev. E. H. Goddard, for great help of various kinds,
including the descriptions of objects found in the excavations ;

To the Council of the British Archaeological Association, for
permission to make use of the plan of the discoveries of 1881 ;

To the Eev. W. White, for permission to excavate in his garden ;

To Miss Burgess, for similar permission and information of
previous finds ;

To Mr. Sidney Brakspear, for taking the photographs for four
of the plates ; and to Mr. J. Hardy, most particularly, for ready
help at all times with the measuring tape, and also for various
information in connection with the site and his excavations of 1898.

LATEE EXCAVATIONS OF THE WEST WING.

Since the foregoing was written, through the kindness of Miss
Burgess, the owner of " The Wilderness," a thorough investigation
of her garden was undertaken during the autumn of last year(1903).

The remains discovered were not so complete as those in the
adjoining garden, already described, but were sufficient to enable
the complete plan of the western wing of the villa to be traced.

The wing was the same length from north to south as the cor-
responding one on the east side of the court, and was divided into
two large and two small chambers. On the west side along its
southern portion, was a similar external passage to that on the
other sides of the villa, and against the northern part was a large
room, that had apparently been added at a later period.

PLAN OF WEST WING EXCAVATED LATER.

By Harold Brakspear, F.S.A.

261

The chambers thus uncovered are shown on the small ground-
plan and indicated by letters, and may be described as follows : —

Chamber A. was the southernmost in the wing, and was 18 J feet
from east to west by 16 J feet from north to south. Its west wall
and the returns of its north and south walls were the only portions
that could be uncovered. It had no hypocaust, and no remains of
its floor were found.

Chamber B., the next apartment northward, was the same width
from east to west as chamber A., but 15^ feet from north to south.
Its west and north walls were traced, but there were no remains
of the floor found, nor had it a hypocaust.

Chamber C adjoined the last chamber to the north. It was 9|
feet wide and the same from east to west as the other apartments
in the wing. Each of the walls were found, but there were no
remains of its flooring. Originally it apparently formed one room
with chamber II., until the addition of chamber 1)., when
chamber II. was cut off to form a passage.

Chamber D. was 15J feet from north to south by 15J feet wide.
Each of its walls was traced, and it had a hypocaust constructed
with tile pila3 8 J inches square. The floor was of good quality,
with small coloured tesserae, of which a number of quite large
fragments were found, to one of which was attached a complete
covering tile of the hypocaust. The stoke-hole could not be
found, but may have been in the south-east angle, which was not
excavated.

Chambers E. and F. formed part of a passage-way feet wide
outside the chief rooms, similar to that on the other sides of the
villa.

The whole of this west wing has been much destroyed by works
in connection with the mediaeval mill, the race of which passed
over it. All the walls of the southern part had been taken down
to the bottom course of the footings and a thick layer of lime silt

262

The Bom an Villa at Box.

covered the whole area at about 2| feet below the present surface.
A fine ashlar wall, forming the north side of this mill-race, crossed
chamber C. diagonally ; but the corresponding side on the south
was not found.

Outside the buildings was found a portion of a stone drain,
having a 12 inch wide channel exactly similar to that beneath the
eastern wing of the villa. It followed the outside walls of chambers
F. and E., and then turned at right angles, but it could not be
traced further owing to modern work above.

Note* 011 ©bjrcts founts

By Jftev. E. H. Goddard.

The list of objects found on the site is a singularly meagre one,
a condition of things accounted for by the fact that the ground
had been often disturbed and turned over before.

Worked Stone. In addition to the altar, carved figure, and capital,
already described, a fragment of another capital of similar but not
identical mouldings ; a single drum of a freestone column 1ft. 4in.
in height, with a diameter of 12 Jin., found previously by Mr. Hardy,
and shown in the photo of "Buttresses of added Building;" a
fragment of moulding ; what appears to have been a small capital
greatly weathered and worn;1 a finial ornament (?) in the same
condition [a precisely similar piece of stone is in the Silchester
collection at Eeading] ; and a large piece of a grooved millstone of
Old Eed Sandstone (not a quern), the material of which is pro-
curable near Bath, were found.

Marble. A single fragment, about 2in. square and fin. thick, of
a carefully-sawn slab of marble, which has been polished one side,
possibly for the panelling of a wall. It is green and white in
colour, with black crystals interspersed. Except for these black

1 This capital and finial are now at Devizes Museum.

By Rev. E. H. Goddard.

263

spots it much resembles " Cipolino." In the Silchester collection
at Reading are pieces of several such slabs, of various colours, and
a fragment in our Museum from the North Wraxall villa much
resembles the Box example. The Rev. H. H. Winwood kindly-
sent it up for examination to the Geological Survey Office, and
received the reply " We can none of us identify the source of the
specimen." Mr. Winwood added, " I have not a doubt in my own
mind that it is not an English rock."

The Painted Wall Plaster. This was in great abundance, and
of a great variety of colours — which, when first exposed, were as
brilliant as when they were first painted. No very large pieces
were found. Whether there was always a very thin coat of white
on the plaster before the colour was applied does not appear quite
evident. Certainly in places the coloured borders were painted
over a white surface, but it was not clear whether the large masses
of red and yellow in the panels of the walls were painted over a
white ground or not. The thickness of the plaster was often as
much as 2in. or 2|in., and the waggon loads of gravel found at the
foot of the walls suggested the possibility of some of the walls
having been of timber and lath and plaster, rather than of stone.
In his previous diggings Mr. Hardy found a small very sketchily-
painted face in red and yellow, now in the possession of Mr.
Falconer ; but with this exception nothing that could be recognised
as part of a figure was found. A few small pieces with portions
of patterns or subjects on them (now in the Museum) turned up,
but it was evident that the general scheme of decoration was that
of large panels of colour, bordered and framed by lines of red,
green, and white. A fine Venetian red seemed the favourite colour
of all, though in some of the rooms a clear deep yellow formed
the chief ground of the walls. The chief interest in the plaster
painting, however, lay in the wonderful variety of imitations of
marble with which the panels in many of the rooms must have
been filled, a variety noticed by the writers in the Gentleman s
Magazine. Indeed Silchester itself does not seem to have produced
so many varieties of this kind of decoration as were found at Box.
VOL. xxxiii. — no. ci. s

264

The Roman Villa at Box.

There was apparently nothing in the way of veining or " marbling,"
but the effect was produced solely by larger or smaller splashings
or spirtlings of different colours from a brush. Specimens of the
following were found and have been set in plaster frames and
preserved in the Museum : —

A dark greyish green ground covered thickly with minute
spirtles of dark red and white. This gives exactly the effect
of a fine-grained granite or serpentine. This seemed the
commonest of the " marble " colourings.
A dark red finely spirtled with white, the effect being that of
fine-grained red granite. This and the preceding seem to
have been used as panels next to each other and divided only
by a narrow white line.
A lighter pinkish red ground with rather large splashes of white,
and more sparingly of dark red. The effect is that of a large-
grained pink granite. Very little of this was found.
A white ground, splashed sparingly with rather large blood-red

spots. Only a few pieces of this were found.
A white ground, with very small spirtles of dark red, very

sparingly applied. This, also, was scarce.
Several fragments of apparently figures or pictures were found,
nearly all having the subject painted in a dark purplish maroon, on
a light green ground. This maroon colour was in worse condition
and scaled off more easily than any other.

Some large pieces of white plaster were found, but whether they
were originally white, or whether the colours painted on the white
ground had washed off, was not evident.

A good many fragments of a solid plain quarter-circle moulding
in plaster all coloured a purplish maroon occurred, and in one
case a piece was found still in situ, showing that this moulding
ran round the edge of the tessellated floors at the junction with
the walls. Similar plaster " skirtings " have been found in other
Eoman villas.1 One or two other bits of moulded plaster, possibly
portions of door jambs, were found.

1 See an example in the villa at Wheatley (Oxon), illustrated in Archceo-
logieal Journal, II., 353.

By Rev. E. H. Goddard.

265

Pottery. Mr. J. P. E. Falconer found in 1898, and still possesses,
a curious little female figure seated with a cloak wrapped round it,
and the head enveloped as in a hood. It is of hard fine red terra-
cotta, but whether of ancient or modern date has not as yet been
authoritatively decided. In consequence of the way in which the
site has been disturbed many times before, it was scarcely possible
to assert of any object found that from its position it must have
been of Eoman age.

Of vessels of pottery a considerable number of fragments oc-
curred, though with one exception1 nothing like a whole vessel of
any sort was found.

(1) Of good red Samian ware we only found four small frag-
ments. These were all without ornament, two of them belong
to a small fiat saucer with upright edge, the others to a larger
and thicker bowl. Ten fragments were found by Mr. Falconer
in 1898, including one with the potter's name, reginvs.

(2) Two fragments, of wide bowl-shaped vessels with a broad
overhanging flange,2 of a coarse red on the surface, and grey

1 The one exception was a curious vessel, of which some fragments were
found in 1898, and passed into the hands of Mr. Falconer, whilst others were
found in the recent excavations, all in made soil filled with all sorts of
rubbish, Eoman and Wedgewood fragments lying side by side, on or outside
the northern boundary wall. These fragments were of a buff-coloured ware
ornamented with scrolls, &c, in relief in the same coloured slip — the ornament
being analogous somewhat to that of some of the Castor ware from Durobrivae,
near Peterborough, and still more of certain pots from Cologne, of Roman
date, in the Guildhall Museum. When put together, however, they formed
a vessel in the shape of a somewhat globular fish, on a stand, with a ring
handle at the top, which was entirely closed over, a funnel-shaped opening
projecting on one side of the handle and a small straight spout on the other ;
— altogether, if it had been ancient, a very remarkable find. I happened,
however, to have a modern vessel, brought from the South of Spain, with
precisely the same spout and funnel-shaped mouth, with almost precisely
similar raised slip ornament, and of a very similar material and make, and
when the two were set side by side it was generally allowed that the Box
example was of practically the same ware and must also be of modern Spanish
make. Since then I have seen an example of this same ware of fish shape
like the Box pot.

2 Gen. Pitt Rivers, Excavations, III., p. 144, gives a cut showing the way
in which he believes these flanged vessels were used, the flange being intended
for the purpose of supporting them on the frame of an iron tripod, possibly
over a charcoal fire.

s 2

266

The Roman Villa at Box.

in the inner part of the substance, which has apparently been
coloured a rich red by some paint or glaze. Similar painted
ware, a piece of a mortarium, is in Eeading Museum, from
Silchester.

(3) Five fragments of the very hard purplish brown (grey in
the substance) New Forest ware, two of them belonging to
an upright vase with the usual indented sides, the projections
ornamented with lines and dots in conspicuous white paint.

(4) One fragment of a mortarium, of ware red inside but
coloured stone-colour on the surface.

(4^) Two bits of brick-coloured bowls, which have been coloured
a better red on the surface.

(5) Two fragments of the lid of a vessel like an old-fashioned
teapot lid. They are closely covered with an impressed orna-
ment difficult to describe. At first I thought they were modern,
but Mr. Mill Stephenson, who has had so much experience
at Silchester, saw them and pronounced them to be, in his
opinion, Eoman. Since then I have seen two or three fragments
in the Eeading Museum from Silchester, covered with this
same " engine-turned " ornament, and very similar to these.
In the York Museum are a good many fragments of red ware,
unglazed, and of black ware, having this same ornament, and
one fragment having the same metallic glaze.

In Vol. III., Plate CLXXXVIL, fig. 5, of his Excavations,
Gen. Pitt Eivers figures a fragment from Woodyates settlement
with apparently exactly the same pattern, of which he says
" I have not been able to find any example of this ornamen-
tation in other works, but similar patterns appear recently to
have been found at Silchester." Again, in Vol. II., Plate
CLXXIX., fig. 3, is shown a fragment with somewhat similar
ornament, of which he says " The interior has a lustre on the
surface which gives it the appearance of having been sized."
The Box specimens have this curious dark bluish metallic
lustre, the ware itself in the inside being greyish buff.

Another fragment of buff ware coloured dull reddish brown
on the surface has a more wavy ornament of the same character,

By Rev. E. H. Goddard.

267

and also has something of the lustre on the surface. A very
small bit of the same ware has a scale or basket-work or-
nament on it. A fragment very like this is in the Silchester
collection at Beading.

(6) A few pieces of apparently somewhat globular bowls or jars
with out-turned rims, of grey-brown ware, with small specks
of mica on the surface.

(7) Neck and part of body of a globular-shaped jug with
handle, of hard grey ware, a band of ornament composed of
curls lightly marked on the wet clay with a blunt instrument
running round the upper part of the body.

(8) A number of rims of basin- or bowl-shaped vessels with
straight sides ; they have projecting rims, above which the
edge rises up. Gen. Pitt Eivers gives a long series of sections
of such vessels, and a cut of a perfect one (p. 169), from the
Romano-British villages of Rotherley and Woodcuts, in Vol. II.
Plate CXVL, of his Excavations. Some of the rims suggest
that a cover fitted over them, or perhaps the overlapping rims
were for the same purpose as the broader flanges of No. 2.
They are of brownish black thick ware and some of them still
retain under the rims the black and soot which collected on
them when used for cooking.

A number of fragments also occurred of the rims and bottoms
of flat upright-edged saucers of this same brown or black ware,
ornamented with crossed lines and scrolls marked on the wet
clay with a blunt instrument. Gen. Pitt Rivers gives an
example from Woodcuts in Excavations, Vol. I., Plate XXXIV.,
fig. 1, where he suggests that these saucers may perhaps have
been used as lids for the basin-shaped vessels with rims. A
good deal of this black ware, especially in the case of the
saucers, has a kind of polish on the surface, as if it had been
tooled over.

Of the same ware, again, are a number of fragments of
pots, vases, or jars, all of much the same shape1 — a small

1 A precisely similar pot, from Woodyates, is figured in Gen. Pitt Eivers'
Excavations, Vol. I., Plate XXXIL, fig. 5.

268

The Roman Villa at Box.

bottom swelling out into a larger body which has round it a
band of simple crossed lines slightly marked on the wet clay
narrowing somewhat to the wide mouth, which has a wide
everted rim, These vessels, also, are some of them blackened
with soot.

More than three-quarters of all the pottery found was of
this common black ware, and belonged to vessels of the three
above-named shapes.

(9) One fragment of a thin ware, red in substance, but black
on the surface, containing minute grains of mica throughout
its substance, apparently part of a small bowl.

(9a) Another fragment of a still smaller and thinner bowl also
has specks of mica. It is black on the surface and grey-brown
in the substance.

(10) . A very hard ware, grey in the substance and reddish-
yellow on the surface, furnished several fragments. It seems
to be of a wTare similar to fragments found in a Bomano-British
dwelling-pit at Gorton, in Hilmarton, and also by Gen. Pitt
Eivers in the Eushmore villages.

(11) A few pieces of coarse yellow and green glazed ware were
doubtless mediaeval.

Bones. Hardly any bones were found, except the two leg bones
of a cock with very large spurs, which were found amongst the
floor debris, and are pretty certainly of Eoman age.

Metal Objects. Absolutely the only objects in metal discovered
were : —

(A) The corroded and decomposed fragments of a pewter or
white metal jug found in Hypocaust X. of which there is just
enough to show that it had a small long neck, and a handle,
6 Mn. in length, and a body tapering to a small base, 3 Jin. in
diameter. A similar vessel, also in a fragmentary condition, is
in Beading Museum, from Silchester ; and there also examples
in other museums.

(B) Also in this hypocaust X, amongst the stone pillars was

Notes on Durrington.

269

found an iron object, much corroded and with gravel adhering
to it, which looks like the coulter of a plough (?) There is
nothing in its position to prove its age, the upper floor of the
hypocaust was entirely broken in. It may be Roman, or it
may not.

Not a single coin turned up during our excavations, but
Mr. Hardy has one of Valens found on the site.

[This paper will also be printed in the Archaeological Journal]

^SHE East-end Manor is small, being little over 480 acres,
|$ Wi and for centuries was joined to a very much smaller
manor — Knighton, in Figheldean parish ; the lords of both being
the Dean and Chapter of Salisbury. In some respects it was
subordinate to the West-end Manor : for the lessee of the greater
manor claimed that his flock had a right to feed all the wheat
stubble on the East-end Manor from old Michaelmas to Martinmas
tide (22nd Nov.) yearly; and in the second barley field from
Luke's tide (Oct. 29th) to Martin's tide.

The earliest lease in existence is in the muniment room of
Salisbury Cathedral. It is one granted to Win. Grene,1 of Heyle
(Heale, in the parish of Woodford), in 1548, of the Manor or

1 Wm. Grene bought half the Manor of Stanlynch in 34 Henry VIII. ; and
probably gave up Heale to Gerard Errington, who married his daughter
Margaret, and died at Heale, 1596.

By Kev. C. S. Euddle.

(For previous paper see vol. xxxi., pp. 331.)

East-end Manoe.

270

J^otes 071 Durrington.

Lordshyppe, Messuage, lands, heaths, and marshes for 99 years :
paying £10 10s. Id. for Duryngton ; £5 for Knighton : Grene to
discharge all duties to the king.

The description implies the old heathy condition of the down,
and the marshes that preceded the water meadows.

In the Durrington register there is a memorandum signed by
William White, Minister of Durrington : —

"The viii day of February 1605 after the [calendar] of the Church of
England, but by the Almen[acJ 1606 was the possession of Knighton and
Durrington given up by Kobert Martin 1 farmer of the same unto Philipp
Poore of the same Durrington gentelman to the use of Mr. Edward Poore
his son in the presence of Henry Kingsbirie gent, Thomas Coopper of
Knighton, and Thomas Martin wth others."

In 1639 Edward Poore surrendered the lease of 99 years granted
to Grene, and paying £150 he obtained a lease for 21 years on the
same conditions.

A survey of the manor in 1649 by the Parliamentary Com-
missioners, Walter Toy, Jo. Squibb, Chr. Weare, and Geo. Pairley,
shows its condition in detail. They report that eleven years are
unexpired of the lease : that there is a court leet : and that the
lines are arbitrary. The lord, or lessee for the time being, may
fill up all copyhold estates during his term. The tenants are
stated as follows : —

William Keade, his wife, and Hannah Eeade. Bad meadow and
a little island, eight acres, now in possession of lessee.

This holding can be identified : it was on the Avon near Milston
Mill, just after the bend of the river towards Bulford.

Philip Purges, by lease 11 Charles I., late in the tenure of Joan
Lewis.

No extent is given. It was probably a cottage and garden in
the village which had the name of Burgess'. But none of the
name remain here.

Eichard Graly, one-third of a cottage.

Thos. Bennett als. Hooper, lease 7 James : cottage and land.
Jeffery Glasse, and Hen. and Nic. Howard four acres.

There were tenants named Martin in Henry Eighth's reign and onward.

By Rev. C. S. Ruddle.

271

Margaret wife of Edw. Webb Clk. and Edw. their son, one
messuage and two yardlands, lease dated 1649. Mr. Webb,
chaplain to Charles I., was son-in-law of Mr. E. Poore. The house
was east of the Church. It has been pulled down.

William Eiccards (alias Packets) and sons P[hilip] and J[ohn]
cottage and two acres.

Margaret and John Ray her son, cottage and one acre.

John Biddele and son, five acres in Whitlands, and 8 acres: 10
Charles.

The Whiteland furlong is near Bulford Bridge.
William Reade and Thomas Smith : one house and half a yard
land.

Hester Reade, ten acres arable.

William Wheeler, Wm. and Jno., sons: lease 10 Charles: one
acre on London way, one acre in Bury Acre, one acre in Single
Deane bottom.

This holding illustrates the old three-field system : there are
only three acres, but they are severed in three several places.

Anthony Trotman, gent, Capital messuage, two yardlands, and
half of one-tenth af the appertinences in Durrington.

The messuage is the farmhouse of the manor, which has A.T. on
a stone in the front of it. The Trotman family somewhat later
were at West Amesbury.

Edward Longe, twelve acres of arable : common of pasture for
fifteen sheep, two Bother beasts, and two horses : and for twelve
sheep, two Rother beasts, and two horses.

His house must have been in the other manor.

John Meade, a little cottage.

Robert Hunt, in right of his wife, a yard and a half of land.

Robert Speckman, one and a half acres of land.

Henry Younge, one cottage and four acres.

William Addams, als. Smith, three acres.

William Holmes, a cottage.

Thomas Lawrence, eight acres.

There were apparently twenty-four tenants, a large number on
four hundred and eighty acres.

272

Notes on Durrington.

In 1659 a lease of the manor was granted to Thomas Nevill, of
the City of London, woollen-draper.

This lease Nevill transferred to Edward Poore in 1661, and re-
ceived £150; but in 1663 E. Poore, then of Bulford, surrendered
Nevill's lease and obtained a new one.

1672. Edward Poore died at Ilton, Somerset, and left the manor
to his nephew, Philip Poore, of Durrington.

1673. Philip Poore took out a new lease for twenty-one years.
It included power of holding courts leet, and views of frankpledge ;
and required the same rent as before to be paid at the great west
door of the Cathedral. This lease was renewed to Philip Poore in
1682 and 1693 : but he died 1693. His widow, Elizabeth, living
in Salisbury, 1700, and at Stratford-sub-Castle, 1707 and 1714,
took out a fresh lease or made renewal each time ; and again in
the year in which she died, 1728. Then it came to one of her
unmarried daughters, Venetia. She spelt her name Venecia, but
her gravestone gives it as Phoenicia. She surrendered the lease
of 1728, and had a fresh one for twenty-one years in 1735. On
her death, 1741, it came to her cousin, Edward Poore, of New
Sarum. He repeatedly obtained a renewal till 1777 : and was
followed, in 1784, by Sir John Methuen Poore, who died unmarried
in 1820. His executors renewed in 1820 and 1827. In 1834
Sir E. Poore, of Eushall, became lessee for twenty-one years : and
it passed from his son to his grandson, Sir Eichard Poore, who
enfranchised the manor ; the Ecclesiastical Commissioners having
become over-lords by the surrender of the Capitular estates to
them by the Dean and Chapter. There are among the papers of
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners a fragment of a court-roll of the
16th century, and records of courts held at intervals from 1714 to
1785, but they contain nothing of public interest.

The Church.

It has already been shown that on Edward I. making a claim to
the advowson the Prioress of Amesbury produced a charter of
King Henry (Third ?) granting it to her and her successors. When
Amesbury was dissolved, Henry VIII. gave the rectory to the

By Rev. C. S. Buddie.

273

Chapter of Winchester. In the letters patent, beautifully illumi-
nated, which are preserved at Winchester, it is stated, "We also
grant to the said Dean and Chapter . . . the Kectories and
Churches of Duryngton, Wanborough, Aldebourne and Alton in
Wiltshire . . . formerly belonging to the Prior and Convent
of the Monastery of Ambresburie " — " also sundry Manors, lands
&c. in the said parish of Duryngton." The mention of manors was
surplusage. There was a reservation of 6s. 8d. annually to the
farmer of the Eectory of Duryngton for his living.

In the Valores of the Cathedral estates is this entry : —

" Rectoria de Durington in Com. Wiltes : valet in Firma Rectorie

ibidem cum omnibus oblationibus emolumentis una cum omnibus tenementis
et aliis proficeis cum suis pertinentiis eidem Rectorise pertinentibus, dimissis
Johanni Bolton et Johanni Huddesfield et ass. suis per indenturam datam
12 Mar. anno R. Henr. VIII. 121110 ad Term. 41 annorum, reddendo inde xxn."

Then follow deductions, 6s. 8d. for the lessees as stated above ; and
10s. to the chaplain curate serving the Parish Church of Durrington
" for his living." Probably when the lease was granted one of the
Amesbury chaplains went out to serve Durrington : but after the
suppression the fee of 1 0s. became an absurdity.

The lease would expire early in Elizabeth's reign : and some
time in that reign Philip Poore became the lessee of the Dean and
Chapter. From him it passed to Mr. Waldorne, of "Alborne,"
(probably Aldbourne,) who held it in 1608. The terrier of that
year does not mention the curate's stipend ; the lessee had all the
tithe : four acres of meadow land, one hundred and twenty acres
of arable, and pasture for three hundred sheep. In 1650, according
to the Parliamentary inquisition, the impropriation was worth
£220, the old rent £20, and of course there would be a septennial
fine : and the lessee was to provide for the cure, and pay the curate
£20 a year, witli a sack of wheat and a sack of barley. In this
account William Kent appears as possessor of the impropriation.
This was William Kent, of Boscombe. He had been in arms for
the King in the early part of the war, and in 1643 had ridden in
Sir Geo. Vaughan's troop. He had also served in what were
called the Illegal Assizes in 1644. But in 1645 he compounded

274

Notes on Durrington.

and submitted to pay a fine. He had at that time, besides his
Boscombe freehold and other property, a lease of Durrington
Rectory having sixteen years to run, which he estimated to be
worth after all outgoings £55. The Parliamentary Commissioners'
estimate was £220 : so that although Mr. William Kent was
sequestrated for debt, not having paid his fine in 1 648, he probably
retained his lease of the rectory till it expired in 1661. The Dean
and Chapter had by that time come to their own again.

After the Kents, William Moore, of Durrington, became the
lessee, and on the marriage of his son John to Mary Whittiatt, of
Axford, in 1693, he gave John the parsonage of Durrington for
twenty-one years. Then it came to his son Thomas, who was
Rector of Steepleton, Dorset, but who certainly lived much here
and was buried in the chancel of Durrington, as were his wife and
his only son, Thomas, who died s.p. 1783. There was a tradition
here that by his own direction he was buried wearing his suit of
clothes and his gold watch : but that on the night after the funeral
the grave was opened, the coffin broken open, and the watch stolen.
The lease passed to a cousin, Jonathan Moore, and from him to his
son, and then to his grandson, George Pearce Moore, of Durrington
House. In 1865 the Dean and Chapter of Winchester having
surrendered their estates to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, Mr.
G. P. Moore paid them £700 and surrendered his leasehold interest
in £493 3s. 4d. tithe rent-charge : and the Commissioners conveyed
to him the tithe rent-charge on his estate, £96 16s. 8d., and the
whole of the glebe — more than two hundred and thirty-six acres,
which was thus lost to the Church absolutely.

It seems as if when the Dean and Chapter were reinstated
in their possessions and their patronage, after the Restoration,
they increased the stipend of their curate to £40. For there is

" A Terrier of the Curateshippe of Durington taken and made October the
13th Anno Dom: 1677.

" Imprimis. Belonging to the Curate for officiating in the Pish Church of
Durington a House containing Five Eomes videlicet One Hall Two Buttryes
and two lofts and also one small Garden Plott of Ground joining to the house
about seven or eight loog of Ground."

" Item .£40 a year to be paid Quarterly, and one Sack of Wheate and one

By Bev. C. S. Buddie.

275

Sack of Moult to be paid every Year on the ffeast day of Sl Thomas the
Apostle, and also the Offerings of all the Parishioners payable at Easter, and
all offerings for Churching of Women, and all Marriage Money and no more
belonging to the Curate of Durington for officiating in the Parish Church of
Durington.

" The £40 and the Sack of Wheate and Sack of Moult is paid out of the
Impropriate Psnage of Durington by the Incumbent of the Parsonage

Leonard Maton was curate of the parish from 1623 to 1684, a
longer time than any of his successors, and all his clerical life.
He had just taken his B.A. at Oxford, and was 22 years of age
when he was ordained to this curacy. He could have been no
stranger, for his father lived in Milston parish ; and his family had
been Durrington people in Tudor times and long before, for there
were two Matons in the subsidy roll at the beginning of Edward the
Third's reign. His will shows that he inherited property in the ad-
jacent parish of Milston. But it may be asked " How did he retain
his curacy through the stormy times of the Commonwealth and of
Cromwell ? Was he another Vicar of Bray ? " Well, the Com-
missioners of 1649 spoke well of him: — "Mr. Leonard Maton
preacheth constantly once every Lord's day." But of course that
does not answer the question, for in Oct., 1647, the House of
Commons had resolved that men " shall have liberty to meet for
the worship and service of God, and for the exercise of religious
duties and ordinances in any fit and convenient places. That this
indulgence shall not extend to tolerate the use of the Book of
Common Prayer in any place whatsoever." My predecessor did
not use the book, but he used the service of the book. I found in
the Church chest a well-used and thumbed copy of a form of
prayer issued by Charles I., which contained morning and evening
service, with written variations by Maton, litany, and the first
part of the office for the Holy Communion. No doubt this was
his Directory, so that practically there would be no break in the
accustomed prayers.

No complete list either of his predecessors or of his successors
is available because they were not instituted. The earliest of

" Leonard Maton Curate

276

Notes on Durrington.

whom I can find any notice is John Mareys, Chaplain of Durrington,
who is said by Dods worth to have been one of the witnesses re-
quired for the canonisation of St. Osmund. He stated that a
certain Robert Clark stabbed John Leyde with a long dagger, and
that Leyde fell apparently dead, but on being carried to the tomb
of Osmund he was by prayer brought to life.

There was a Henry Harrison in the reign of Queen Mary ; and
in 1582 Thos. Greene; for both these witnessed wills. And from
1591 to 1603 Henry Goodyer, who began our Church registers, for
before he left to become Chaplain of Bulford he testified in them
that thus he had written having been twelve whole years curate,
while Philip Poore farmed the rectory. William White and, I
think, William Fowler, filled up twenty years till Mr. Maton
came. After him was Robert Forster, who seems to have had the
curacy for a long time, for he died 1726. But for about twenty
of those years he was also Curate of Milston under Dean Addison,
Joseph Addison's father, who was non-resident, so that Forster
probably lived at Milston ; and as Henry Head, master of Rose's
School, served Durrington from 1715 it is doubtful whether Forster
lived here at all ; and then for more than a century no curate
resided. The house with five rooms and its strip of garden ground
was not attractive, and £40 a year in Victoria's reign became
impossible to subsist upon. Eichard Head, who served the Church
from 1747 to 1799, was still remembered by some old men in
1863, as coming over in a carriage on Sunday, the carriage standing
at our cross during service. He lived at Amesbury, but was Rector
of Compton Chamberlaine, as well as Perpetual Curate of Durrington
from 1763. After him came four non-residents ; but in 1838
Richard Webb, who, after sixteen years as Curate-in-charge was
appointed to the living, came to reside ; and his best and sufficient
monuments are the school which he established and the Church
which he restored.

277

By C. E. Ponting, F.S.A.

The Church of All Saints, Durrington.

HIS Chinch underwent considerable rebuilding and enlarge-
ment during the year 1851, under the hands of Mr. J. W.
Hugall, architect, of Pontefract, when much of the old work was
necessarily obliterated. It is fortunate, however, that plans of the
Church as it previously existed have been preserved, together with a
description of the building in 1849 and the alterations subsequently
made in it contained in an interesting letter to the Incumbent,
the Eev. B. Webb, dated Cheltenham, 29th October, 1855. The
following are extracts from this letter : —

" My first visit to Durrington in January, 1849, enables me to
judge as to the actual necessity for an increase of accommo-
dation for the parishioners beyond that afforded in the then
existing Church. Several difficulties presented themselves in
arranging the new ground-plan, but after some consideration I
determined upon recommending that which has been carried out.
" The old Church consisted of a nave and south aisle, west tower
and chancel — the nave being a Norman structure, the aisle
of debased character ; the tower, Perpendicular ; and the
chancel, Early English. The font was defaced and of poor
character ; the pews high, but containing much good oak
carving of the 16th century ; the pulpit of the same date ; a
western gallery projecting into the nave and filling the tower
marred the effect of the tower arch; and the chancel was
both ill-furnished and unadorned, and without any archway
or other mark of separation from the nave.
" The whole structure, with the exception of the tower, presented
undeniable evidence of irreparable decay.

278

Durrington and Durnford Churches.

" Some few ancient features remained which were thought worthy
of preservation, and these I have endeavoured to introduce
in the new fabric with proper effect.

" Amongst them I may mention the Norman arcade separating the
nave from the south aisle ; this has been thoroughly cleansed
from all whitewash, repaired where needed, but not removed.

" A Norman doorway was walled up in the north wall of the
nave, and a piscina in the south aisle.

" During the progress of the works, on removing the old walls
several fragments of Norman carving were found imbedded
in them ; they have all been inserted in the new walls, so
also have portions of the old fabric, which could not be re-used
for their original purpose.

" On the north wall a painting was brought to light on removing
some of the whitewash, but unfortunately the workmen had
broken down a large portion of it before a drawing could be
made — a sketch was made and an actual tracing taken of
the fragment which remained. The entire figure of St.
Christopher1 was destroyed ; the colours, green, red, and black
were very perfect. A fragment of stone coloured green, and
red and gilt in part was found within the rood-staircase,
which may have been part of a niche.

" Indications of coloured ornamentations were also found on the
Norman arcade. In the north wall the rood-loft door and
the base of the staircase were found.

" In the chancel a square-headed window occupied the western
end of the south side — a piscina and credence the eastern
end — and an aumbrie was found walled up in the north
wall ; these have all been restored, so also have the Early
English lancets on the north and south : they are of plain but
good character. The east window was of late Perpendicular
character of three lights, and on removing the necessary
portion of the east wall, for the insertion of the new triplet,

1 This was visible at the time of Aubrey's visit, for he says: 44 On the
North wall is painted a huge St. Christopher."

By C. E. Pouting, F.S.A.

279

the sills of the two original lancets were found beneath the
ends of the sill of the Perpendicular window.
" The new ground-plan embraces a nave with north and south
aisles, tower, and chancel. The south aisle is re-built of
Norman character, and the doorway removed from the north
wall, restored, and built in the south wall as the main entrance
to the Church. The effect of the Norman arcade, which is
composed of alternate courses of Bath and green Wiltshire
stones, is very good, now that it is carefully cleansed and
restored. Owing to the very singular position of the tower
within the nave, a north arcade could not be erected to cor-
respond with that on the south ; I therefore determined upon
carrying out the idea suggested by the Early English chancel,
and accordingly arranged the new arcade in its present
form, and also inserted a chancel arch of the same character.
" The dedication of the Church being unknown, and Mr. Webb
having expressed his desire that it should be re-dedicated to
' All Saints,' the building was consecrated by the Lord Bishop
of Salisbury (Dr. Davison), to the service of Almighty God,
and in honour of ' All Saints,' on Saturday, the 1st November,
1851."

The plan and two elevations are reproduced from Mr. Hugalls
drawings, and the sketch view from a previously existing drawing
by an unknown hand.

I am asked to supplement the foregoing description of the old
work by some observations of my own, made during a recent visit
to the Church. A note in Aubrey (p. 357) states " This Church
was blown down in the stormy weather about August 20th, 1693."
There is nothing now to indicate what part of the Church this
refers to.

The Norman south arcade (which, as Mr. Hugall states, remains
in situ,) consists of three bays of fine semi-circular arches of two
chamfered orders, the inner a broad one ; these spring from
cylindrical columns with moulded bases and square plinths 18in.
high. All the capitals have circular abaci ; one is carved with a
simple scallop pattern, the rest are moulded only.

T 2

280 Durrington and Durnford Churches.

The Norman doorway taken from the north wall of nave and
inserted in the re-bnilt south aisle wall has a semi-circular arch with
good roll on the angle and supported by detached shafts— the label
is new. One of the two caps shown by a sketch in Mr. Hugall's
description does not appear to have been re-used, for its place is
taken by one having volutes. The plan shows the south aisle to
have been only about 6ft. 6in. wide ; this has been increased to 12ft.
It is worthy of note that the east end did not stand at right angles
to the south wall. The Norman work may be put at 1130 — 50.
The north wall of the nave was evidently a Norman one, and a
coeval window is shewn in the elevations. These windows and
the rood-loft door do not appear to have been re-used, and it is
impossible not to regret the destruction of the Perpendicular east
window of the chancel.

With the exception of the alteration of the east window the
masonry of the" chancel has been retained in its original form.
The four lancet windows in the side walls, the priest's doorway,
and the double piscina f 2ft. wide, with shelf), are of early thirteenth
century work. The square-headed window referred to westward
of the doorway is an interesting specimen of the low-side window ;
the opening on the outside is 2ft. 7in. high and 1ft. 6in. wide, and
there are rebates for a shutter : the inside east jamb is splayed,
but evidently not to give a view of the altar from the outside.

The piscina in the south wall of the south aisle retains half of
its circular bowl and has a semi-circular arch. The old font was,
doubtless, a thirteenth century one, for the base of one of that
period is built into the outside of the aisle wall.

The tower, dating from about 1470, has not undergone material
alteration. It is of two stages in height ; the lower stage — a tall
one— includes the usual interior middle chamber, although there
is no external string-course, or other dividing mark; the top
stage sets back considerably on the string-course which divides
the two. The stair-turret on the north is carried up for the full
height of the tower, where it terminates abruptly, its parapet
having been lost. The moulded base and string-course of the tower
are continued round the turret. The tower has a plain parapet

By C. K Pouting, F.S.A.

281

and cornice, and the unusual feature of a string-course carried
round about 6in. above the latter. The finials only of the pinnacles
remain. These are panelled and have shields on the faces. There
are diagonal pinnacles at the N.W. and S.W. angles of the tower,
carried up, with three set offs, to half the height of the top
stage.

On the west face of the tower is a doorway with four-centred
arch under a square head, the jamb mould projects sufficiently to
stop the base-mould and is carried round over the head. Above
this is a three-light window with four-centred arch and label and
panelled jambs. The internal middle chamber is only lighted by
a small two-light window on the west, and the top stage has small
single-light pointed windows on east, south, and west faces. The
external facing of the tower is of flint and Chilmark stone, arranged
in a chequer pattern.

On reference to the plan it will be seen that the tower projects
considerably into the Norman nave, the north wall of which was
shortened to admit of it. The arch communicating between tower
and nave has broad splays, and is carried on octagonal jambs
panelled on the three sides ; these have moulded caps but no bases,
the panels stop at 3ft. Sin. above the floor. The plan shows the
entrance to the stair-turret in its old position, inside the Church ;
this has now been put outside.

The old eighteenth century benches with ends and back panels
carved have been adapted and retained. The pulpit is of the same
period, but set on a new base ; in the panels are figures of the
Four Evangelists : — S. John is represented as mitred and has the
emblem of the eagle, and a scroll ; S. Mark, wearing a kind of turban
head-dress has the lion at foot, and is writing in a book with a pen ;
each of the other two has a book and a scroll, and wears a typical
hat of the period. The front of the prayer desk has three female
figures of the same date, bare-headed ; probably representing Faith,
Hope, and Charity — Hope has the anchor, Charity is carrying a
child while another clings to her feet.

The roofs throughout the Church are new, as also is the font,
which stands in front of the tower arch.

282 Durrington and Bumf or S Churches.

At the cross roads near the entrance to the churchyard are the
remains of a village cross of some importance, consisting of the four
steps, base, and part of the stem of the cross.

The Church of S. Andrew, Durnford.

HIS CHURCH consists of nave with north and south
porches, chancel, and western tower. It has always
been obvious that this was an exceptionally interesting structure,
but the works of repair which have been in progress since Sep-
tember, 1903, have revealed additional points of interest.

The north and south walls of the nave were divided into four
bays externally, and flanked by flat pilaster-like buttresses, about
2 feet 5 inches wide, and 5 inches in projection, carried nearly the
full height of the walls and terminated by a weathering; the
easternmost bay of the north wall, with parts of its buttresses on
either side was destroyed in the 15th (or early 16th) century, when
the rood-loft stair-turret was added and a window inserted, and
the wall of the westernmost bay shared the like fate at a later
period, probably early in the 18th century, when it was re-built
and a wooden-framed window inserted to light the gallery. On
the south side the easternmost bay of the wall was re-built and
the end buttress reduced in height in 1781, which date has been cut
on the wall. The buttress dividing this bay from the one westward
of it was extended in projection, probably in the 14th century, and
for the purpose of giving additional support to the wall, which
was at that time much out of the vertical. The other buttresses
remain intact, and much of what looks like the original rough-cast
plaster is still preserved on the external face of the walls. It is
worthy of note that there were internal quoins of squared stones
at the angles of the nave, also that in the west wall, forming part
of the tower, the tie-beam and strut of a former roof-truss is im-
bedded, the tower having been erected on the early wall. The
south doorway of the nave has a square lintel under a semicircular

By C. E. Pouting, F.S.A.

283

arch of two orders, the outer enriched by the chevron and sup-
ported by detached shafts, which have cushion caps. The label
has the hatched ornament ; the tympanum is filled with a geo-
metrical ornament of the " maze " type. The north doorway is
very similar, but the inner member of the arch has a kind of leaf-
and-ball ornament, and the tympanum has a sunk diaper pattern
cut in it ; the label is returned horizontally the full width of the
bay and stops against the buttresses. The chancel arch is of the
same type of work — a semicircular arch with label, the inner order
a plain broad one, and the outer order a chevron on the nave side,
supported on shafts, the caps of which are carved to represent birds.

The work above described can hardly be later than the first
quarter of the 12th century, and yet it would appear that (at any
rate as regards the buttresses) so far from its representing the first
Church erected here, it is only the re-modelling of a still older
structure, the walls of which remain on the inside, and that the
buttresses and the outer facing of the walls are only a casing. This
is certainly so on the south side, for, on removing some loose in-
ternal plastering opposite the buttress westward of the doorway,
the inner part of the arch and the east jamb of a window were
discovered, the outer parts having been removed and the window
blocked in the erection of the 12th century buttress. The inside
opening of the window must have been about 2 feet 7 inches wide,
it has a semicircular arch with voussoirs inches deep, each with
the same mason's mark, thus + roughly cut ; the stones have an
axed worked surface ; both jambs and arch had a deep splay. The
west jamb of the window was removed to insert the adjacent
window in the loth century, and this precludes the entire opening
out of it. It has none of the usual characteristics of pre-Norman
work: and I conclude that a very early Norman wall having
shown signs of leaning outwards, it was thickened out at the
period referred to, the fenestration altered, and the buttress
erected with the object of strengthening it.1

1 That the foundations were always bad is a fact which accounts for the
continued displacement of the wall which had very nearly resulted in its
collapse, when the work of underpinning was recently undertaken.

284

Durrington and Durnford Churches.

The masonry of the chancel is probably nearly a century later
than that of the re-modelling of the nave, or late in the 12th
century, it is therefore probable that the latter work was built
against an earlier chancel which remained in use for some time
afterwards. The chancel has been restored by the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners, who re-built, apparently, the whole of the north
wall and part of the south, with one buttress here. The windows
have, however, been preserved. On the north there is a central
flat buttress with a slightly pointed lancet window on each side :
there were corresponding windows on the south, but only the one
on the south of the sanctuary remains intact, the other has been
cut into and blocked up in forming the priest's doorway, which in
itself has been modernised. The east window is a triple lancet
under a pointed arch, and is of the same period, with a low flat
buttress beneath it. In the north wall near the west end is an
early example of the small low-side window ; it is 7 inches wide,
with the broad inner splay of jambs carried round the arch ; the
hooks for the shutter still remain. Between the blocked-up lancet
on the south and the wall a two-light pointed window was inserted
in the 15th century, and the proportions of it seem to have been
adapted to its cramped position.

The south porch is an oak-framed one of the 15th century, and
portions of the cut barge boards from this are fixed on the modern
north porch.

There are two aumbries, rebated for shutters, inside the east
wall, the one on the south only (1 foot 10 inches wide and 10 inches
high) has a chamfer carried round ; the other (1 foot 7 inches wide
and 10 inches high) has two circular holes in the north jamb,
1J inches in diameter — one 4 J inches and the other 3 J inches
deep. From the crosses cut on this stone I conjecture that it was
previously used in a vertical position.

The nave windows contemporary with the buttresses and door-
ways have all disappeared ; those which doubtless existed on each
side of the south door gave way, in the 15th century, to two-light
square-headed windows, one of which had a transom, but the part
above it has since been removed to insert a wooden-framed window

Great Durnford Church, Font. 1903.

By C. & Pouting, FX A.

285

to light the gallery. There were probably corresponding insertions
on the north, and the western one destroyed in the re-building
above referred to. The other retains part of its original glass —
the subject of the Crucifixion and the figure of a bishop are nearly
intact. A three-light window of Elizabethan type was replaced
in the part of the south wall rebuilt in 1781.

The stair-turret for the rood-loft projected outside the north
wall, and has been destroyed with the exception of the two door-
ways, the upper of which now serves as a window.

The font is probably coeval with the features first described, and
is a very fine specimen. It has a circular bowl 2 feet 9 inches in
diameter; around the lower part is an arcade of interlaced arches
with fluted pilasters, the caps of which bear a facial appearance.
The marks of the hinges and fastening of a former cover are evident,
the present cover is of 17th century work.

The roofs of both nave and chancel (the latter has been re-
constructed to a lower pitch) are of the Early English trussed-and-
braced rafter type — the weather mould on the east face of the
tower shows that the roof of the nave also was of steeper pitch at
the time of the erection of the tower, the apex coming nearly up
to the belfry windows.

The tower is one of the comparatively rare examples of 13th
century western towers. It is of three stages in height, a string-
course coming below the belfry windows ; the lower stage has a
fine arch opening from the nave of two orders of small chamfers
carried down the jambs, and in the west wall a good lancet window
with an old wrought iron grille on the outside, projecting beyond
the face of the wall. There are curious buttresses at the S.W. and
N.W. angles ; they were, apparently, intended to stop at the height
of about 7 feet from the ground (as indeed they do on their north
and south faces) but a change of plan carried them up on the west
face, and, to obtain the desired width, they are corbelled over in
four set-offs.

In the middle stage there is a lancet window in the west wall
and, in the north and south walls respectively, there is a small
opening, circular on the outside with a diameter of 14 inches, but

286

Darrington and Durnford Churches.

having vertical inner jambs and pointed arches : neither of these
has ever been glazed. The belfry stage has a two-light square-
headed window without arch or cusping, in each face. The tower
is terminated by an embattled parapet, the embrasures of which
have no coping, supported by moulded corbel table and chamfered
cornice. The roof had a kind of lantern of 17th century date,1 of
of wood framing weather-boarded on the outside, but it was too far
decayed to admit of being preserved. The tower, like many other
early examples, has no stair turret.

In the south wall of the nave are two recessed tombs ; one of
the 14th century with ogee arch which once had cusps ; the other
an elliptic arch of debased detail. The latter contains a 13th
century coffin slab with incised cross — evidently not intended for
its present position, as it is longer than the recess.

Against the south wall of the chancel is the monument of
Edward Yonge, his wife, and fourteen children : it consists of a
stone altar tomb of simple Elizabethan character, with an engraved
brass at the back which is well described by Mr. Kite.1 There
are no sculptured effigies.

The trefoil head of a 13th century stoup has been opened out on
the east side of the north doorway ; the bowl has been destroyed.
Much of the original internal plastering of the nave has been
destroyed in the works of repair and re-building of dilapidated
masonry which have been carried out from time to time, but on

1 There are dates of local interest on the lead covering :-

T. P.

I. E.

1600

1601

1601.

1610 R M

1621. T. P.

In the name of GOD. Amen. IRM. I P 1615. 1626 W G.
1612 and a figure wearing the wide skirts and headdress of the period
carrying a stick.

George Waters 1A_Q
William Munday lb&y'

r AAA

IY

1677

Pc

1 " Brasses of Wiltshire, p. 80.

By C. E. Pouting, F.S.A.

287

the whitewash having recently been peeled off the remainder,
considerable traces of mural decoration were discovered. On the
south wall, eastward of the door, is the lower part of a S. Christopher
— a man with bare legs, and carrying a long staff : in the left
hand lower corner is the figure of a boy pointing with a stick ;
there are also to be seen in the surroundings three fishes and a
bird's nest. Over the south door, and continued over the filling
up of the early window referred to, is a pattern of scroll-like stems
with fruit and leaves, all in dark red colouring, and fragments of
similar work occur on the north wall. On the east splay of the
Perpendicular window here are indications of a figure of the Blessed
Virgin Mary and Child. The east wall over the chancel arch has
painting of a floral design without figures.1

Eastward of the cross passage (which was probably the only part
then seated) the benches, with the exception of four, are 15th
century work, with plain solid ends. The altar rails are good
work of the Laudian period, the newels having tall turned
terminals, and the balusters being alternately turned, and flat
ones shaped. The lectern is a good example of the 17 th century
double revolving desk, on a stem, and bears a chained copy of
Bishop Jewel's " Apology."

The pulpit is dated 1619 and has a blue velvet cloth embroidered

and parts of the oak pews are preserved on the east wall.

The royal arms bear the inscription : — •" John Pile : Henry
Eakings. Chr. War. Fear God. Honour the King. C.E. 1678."

There are five bells, the inscriptions of which are correctly given
by Mr. Lukis,2 excepting that the first word on the pre-Eeformation
fourth bell is AV, the E does not exist.

The works of repair which have been carried out recently were
limited to the nave and tower, and include : — the underpinning of
the foundations of the leaning walls of the nave and of nearly the
whole of the tower ; the repair of the masonry and pointing open

1657
I.S.. I.C.

The prayer desk is made up of work of a similar type,

1 At the west end there is another fresco not yet fully opened out.
2 Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. ii., p. 207.

288

Durrington and Durnford Churches.

joints, pouring grout into the interstices formed by settlements ;
securing the old roughcast where loose, and patching it where
fallen off; renewing the roof of the tower and stripping and re-laying
the tiles on the nave, repairing the roof timbers and supplementing
them by a counter roof placed above them ; laying a bed of concrete
under the paving and re-laying the latter, substituting wood blocks
for the decayed boards under the seats ; repairing and replacing
in their former positions the seating, pulpit, and reading pew ;
re-constructing the gallery, preserving its original dimensions and
using old 18th century panelling for the front, peeling off the
whitewash from the sound old internal plastering and renewing
where this was impossible ; re-leading the glazing of the windows ;
re-hanging the bells ; cleaning and repairing the old doors ; lowering
the ground around the outside of the walls, and constructing surface
drains to carry off the water. Much of the ivy has been removed
from the tower, bnt — in deference to strong local affection for it —
the roots and main trunk have been left : it is to be hoped that
the development of the ivy will be carefully watched and further
injury to the structure prevented.

289

coitceraing i\z §omthtics of Camborne

Communicated by Miss M. Eyre Matcham, of Newhouse.

From depositions undated : —

«yt yre nave been always racks or Eidings in Boyes & Heath Coppices,
wth have been frequently / /by him and or keepers for ye Conveniency

of Hunting — yl yre are Clap Styles wch were made by Mr. Bowers ancestors
for ye Conveniency of riding thro' 14 Acres Coppice leading from New Down
to Preston Downe — yl yre are sev11 antient stands [i.e.] steps cut in trees for
ye Keepers to get up & stand on to shoot ye Deer in ye Winter wch are driven
by Men & Dogs (viz.) in New Down and one in Preston Down & have been
always used for y* purpose — etc."

Letter from William Chafm to Messrs. Brooke & Salisbury=Dorchester : —

" Chettle April 5th 1789.

" Sir I received the favour of your letter and since you have been pleased
to mention the prosecutions against Tollard Hunters I beg leave to trouble
you with a few words on that subject. The two persons whom you mention
Roberts and Adams who have obtained time to plead, are persons of very
different Characters. Roberts is a most notorious Deer-stealer is the chief
Ringleader in all the parties who infest the Chace and has I verily believe
destroyed more of Lord Rivers deer than any man living and was one of the
three Villains who assaulted the Keepers last week.

" Adams is an industrious Tradesman a Carpenter, who works for me every
day of his life & I never heard that he was ever concern'd in Deer stealing,
but was no doubt highly to blame in joining in the Tollard hunt & deserves
to be punished. But there is another person I apprehend under prosecution
who I sincerely wish had been pardon'd and I hope it is not yet too late to
stop the proceedings against him, the person I mean is one Venner of Tarrant
Gunville. He is the son of the Marquis of Buckingham's Woodman and
was sent by his Father on the day of the Hunt to see whether or no the
Fences were injured by the Hunters and to stop the Gaps. The young man
certainly did not go designedly to join the hunt, but when there could not I
suppose withstand the temptation. He is one of a large Family of industrious
honest People, not one of whom were ever suspected of destroying Deer and
if the man is too severely punished I fear it will create animosities between
Lord Rivers Keepers and Ld Buckingham's Woodmen and Tenants and be pro-
ductive of much Injury to Lord Rivers Property. But on the contrary should

VOL. XXXIII. — NO. CI. U

290 Letters concerning the Boundaries of Cranborne Ohace.

his Lordship be pleased to grant a pardon to Vernier as a matter of Favour I
think he would acquire the good will of all the Tenants of Lord Buckingham
& they would never in future encourage any of their Servants to destroy the
Deer. A strict harmony should be kept up if possible between the Keepers
and Woodmen in the Chace, because the Woodmen have a right to be in the
woods at all hours and have therefore opportunities which no other men have
of killing the Deer, but at the same time if Friends to the Keepers, may
deter almost every Poacher who shall come into the Chace. I have no
interest nor concern in this matter, but have taken the liberty of mentioning
these particulars as a Friend to Ld Rivers and I hope you will not think me
impertinent. I am Sir your Ol Hble Servant

"Wm. Chafin."

William Chafin to Messrs. Brooke & Salisbury : —

" Chettle June 29th 1789.

" Sir I received the favour of your letter, and I remember well the former
of the Transactions which you mention, but I know nothing of the latter but
from hearsay. I do not think that it was so long ago as forty years when
West brought Grey-hounds into the Chace, but I know that it was in the life
time of the late Ld Arundell and my Father who was at the time Ranger of
Bursey stool walk, but neither Ld Arundell nor my Father were present.
The circumstances attending the matter were to the best of my remembrance
as follows After the adjournment of the Court the Keepers attended Mr.
South the Steward with the Chace Hounds as usual and as they were passing
over Tollard Green in the way to Wiltshire Woods to try for a Buck and as
my Brother and I were riding in company with a few others a little distance
behind the Hounds we saw West Ld. Arundells Gamekeeper from Wardour
standing under the Hedge with a brace of Grey hounds in a slip. My Brother
immediately rode up to him, and asked him what he brought those Dogs for,
he answer'd he did not know but supposed to kill the Deer, and that he
brought them by the order of Mr. South. On this my Brother gallop'd up
to Mr. South and demanded the reason for bringing Greyhounds into the
Chace, Mr. South said he intended to course the deer on Tollard Green and
intended to kill as many as he could, for he found the Keepers very tardy,
and the year before they did not endeavour to kill the Deer having lost a
fine Buck. My Brother told him that if he persevered in his intention, he
would not only order the Fences to be pull'd down and let the Deer into the
Corn Field called Braches where they had right to go, but would have the
Dogs shot the instant they were slip'd at a Deer, and to show that he was in
earnest he ordered Charles Bailey his Head Keeper to fetch his Gun to shoot
the Dogs. Bailey brought his Gun soon after upon which Mr. South order'd
West to take the Dogs home. We heard afterwards that the Grey hounds
did kill a Fawn on Farnham Common, but as it was attributed to accident
and not design, no notice was taken of it. At that time my Brother was on
a very intimate footing with the late Ld Arundell and took the first opportunity
of complaining to his Lordshipp of Mr. Souths behaviour who disclaimed all
knowledge of the Fact, and gave Mr. South as we afterwards heard a severe
reprimand for his conduct.

Communicated by Miss M. Eyre Matcham, of Newhousc. 291

"The other transaction was during the time Mr. Beckford held the Walk
and I believe it was in the year after the Quarrel happen'd between the
Keepers and some of Mr. Arundell or Ld Arundells Tenants. I was not
present, but I heard that Brinton coursed and kill'd a Deer I believe a Fawn.
Mr. Beckford talked of prosecuting him but drop'd it saying that he was
unwilling to bring on any dispute between Ld Rivers and Lord Arundell.
Had Mr. Beckford been active at that time all claims of a public Hunt would
have drop'd. The first of these attempts was in the late Ld Arundells time,
the other in the present Lords, but I never heard of any in the time of the
grandfather.

" I am your obl Hble Servant

" Wm. Chafin."

Wm, Chafin to Mr. Salisbury : —

"Chettle, Decr. 18th, 1793
" Sir I received your letter and I will give you the best intelligence I can
respecting Ashcombe. The first time I ever was out with Deerhounds in my
life was with Mr. Jones then the Head keeper of Rushmore. I was at that
time about ten years old, and was permitted to go out under the care of Mr.
Jones to see a blooding Deer hunted. Several young deer were hunted in
Rushmore and Staplefoot walks in the course of the day and lost. Mr. Jones
then said He would try at Ashcombe where the deer may be kept in till
blown, accordingly the Keepers went there and found a young Female Deer
which ran into Rushmore Walk and was also lost. At that time Mr. Wyndham
lived at Ashcombe and I never heard that he made any objection to the
Keepers hunting the Deer from thence. When Mr. Lovell was Keeper at
Rushmore my late Brother and I went with him to try for a Buck at Ashcombe
which had been seen there, we all carried Guns we found a Male Deer there
but not a Buck, the Deer took over the Hill into the vale to Berwick and
ran into a Field of Wheat where I shot him. Mr. Coker of Woodcots was
present at the finding of the deer and at the death. Mr. Arundell was very
angry with my Brother for coming to Ashcombe with the Keepers and wrote
a very severe letter to him complaining of a breach of Friendship in so
doing, and it caused a shyness between them for many years. I have
questioned James Pettes concerning what pass'd respecting the Deer at
j Ashcombe during the time he lived there which was about Twenty-three
years ago. He says that he remembers the Keepers hunting several Deer at
different times from Rushmore to Ashcombe but does not remember their
ever coming to try for deer there. That Deer frequently did stray from the
Chace to Ashcombe and that whenever they came there Mr. Arundell's People
endeavoured to destroy them as soon as possible, but always took care that
| the Keepers should not see them, that he has frequently been sent out to
\ exercise the Horses upon the Hill and to keep a good look out towards
Rushmore to see if the Keepers were coming, whilst the other servants were
hunting the deer in the Woods, that he does not remember any Deer being
hunted into the Paddock.

I am sorry to hear that Lord Rivers has given up the matter in dispu te
with Mr. Chapman. It is too late now to say anything about it, but I could

292 Letters concerning the Boundaries of Cranborne Chace.

have given you much intelligence respecting the matter. I shall at all times
be ready to give you all the satisfaction I can in any concerns of Lord Rivers
and I am your obl hble Servant

"Wm. Chafin."

Letter from Dr. Good to Mr. Salisbury : —

(Dr. Good was born at Bowerchalk, where his father lived, and in 1739
removed to Broadchalk. Dr. Good lived there till 1756, and then lived
five years at Shaston.)

" Wimborn June 21 1794.

" Sir Your letter of the 17th found my Bight Hand wrapped in Flannell
quite unable to hold a Pen, this is the first attempt and tho' attended with
Pain and Difficulty, I am resolved to give you an Answer, fearing my Silence
might be imputed to a wrong cause.

"My long acquaintance with Lord Eivers, my great regard for Him, and
the singular obligations I stand indebted to Him have caused uneasy feelings
in my Mind on Account of the ungenerous Treatment his Lordship has re-
ceived from the Wood-yates-Inn Committee.

"Can it be made a Question whether Cranborn Chace extends into Wiltshire
when a very extensive Rang of the Woods are in that County ? — As to its
Northern Boundary I have often, at different Times in a pretty long Life
spent in Wiltshire and Dorsetshire, heard that the River Nadder or Adder
fixt the Bounds, which carries more than bare Presumption wiih It, as
Parishes, Hundreds, and Counties are bounded by Rivers — however thus
much I affirm from Knowledge, that I have seen an erected Pole with Buck's
Horns on the Top, at the South End of Harnham Bridge, going into Salisbury,
and was told by a Keeper standing by, that It was an anniversary Remem-
brance that the Bounds of Cranborne Chace extended Thither ; and I have
heard that the like Custom had been observed at Cann-Church at the South
Entrance into Shaftesbury 'tho I never was an Eye-witness to it.

" I think the following Facts serve to prove that the Chalk Bourn, I mean
that String of Parishes, North of the Chace, is within Its Limits — (viz.) It
frequently happened that the Keepers, upon Suspicion or Information that
Venison was in any of those Parishes, went with a Warrant and proper
Officers and made Search, and in whosoever House it was found, the Owner
was by a Justice convicted in the same Penalty, as if when with the Deer at
his Back in Cobly-Lawn.

" This Sir is I think very conclusive.

" I have heard much of Chace Matters, from ( ) to 1756 I lived at the
Chalks, and 'tho I was no Deer Hunter (then so called) I was acquainted
with many very respectable People who were.

" With my most sincere Regards to Lord Rivers — I remain — Sir
" Your very obl hum Servant

" Henry Good."

Dr. Good to Mr. Salisbury : —

" Wimborne July the 2nd 1794.
" Sir The unpleasant Business you was last week with me upon dwells
much upon my mind. You will permit me therefore to communicate my
Thoughts on some Points of that Contest.

Communicated by Miss M. Eyre Matcham, of Ncwhouse. 293

" I mentioned to you that I remembered the holding of a Commission at
Shaftesbury about the Bounds of the Chace, when I was a School Boy There,
about the Year 1734 or 1735 — but by looking into Hutchens I see, that 29th
of July, 1732, at Dorchester Assizes that Dispute was determined — now if 32
was the year, I was not then at School at Shaftesbury, not going thither till
the Autumn of 1733 — in Case Mr. H. is correct I must have been there on a
Visit to my Kelations, for I well remember seeing Mr. Harry Bower at the
George Gateway, when the Commission was holding — I desire therefore You
will set me right in the Date — i.e., if 32 was the year the Cause was determined
at Dorchester — but if Mr. H. has given an erroneous sera — what year was
that Commission held at Shaftesbury ?

" I think you mentioned that Mr. I.-L-s. of Aston was very possitive and
circumstantial on Points touching the Boundaries — I have known Mr. I. L.
his Father and Brother (who were both renowned Deer-Hunters) above Fifty
years. Would then the following Questions be improper to ask Him ? —
do you know, or have you ever heard that your Father was a renowned
Deer-Hunter ? (now called Stealer) — have you never heard yr Father relate
his Exploits, in Cap and Jack in Cranborne Chace ? — if this happened before
your memory — you must well remember your Brother John was a great
Deer-Hunter ? — did you never accompany Him ? (I think He has) do you
recollect any Instances of the Keepers with a Warrant and Tythingman,
searching for Venison in any of the Parishes about the Chace ? and on their
finding any Venison, that the Person, in whose Custody It was found, being
convicted ? and at the Searches that the Keepers took and carried away Dogs,
Nets, and other Toils, (these are Facts He must have heard of or known) —
if no Instance of their searching ever happened to your knowledge — you must
have repeatedly heard that the Keepers had at times in the several Parishes
made such Searches, and whenever they found any Skin or Venison, the Owner
of the. Barn, Stable, or House where found, being carried before a Justice of
the Peace, and convicted ! You know also that the Deer hunters secreted
their Venison under an apprehension of a Visit from the Keepers (He cannot
deny It).

"I think Sr. you said that many Witnesses would appear on the same
Proof with Mr. I. L. the same questions put to every one of Them will prove
either from their knowledge, or from a general Tradition, or Eeport, that the
Keepers have at sundry Times Searched for Venison in the adjoining Parishes,
and when found, Convictions have been the Consequence — now from the
Keepers exercising this Power and the Justices convicting when Venison
was found — is a clear Demonstration that those Parishes and Places were
deemed to lie within Cranborn Chace.

" Surely Sr Convictions for Venison found in the Parishes, or for hunting
or killing in the WToods lying in Wiltshire must be found on a careful search
— I recommend a nice Search from about 1710 to 1730.

" I think you said that it was given out, that as often as Deer came down
into the Parishes They were killed in Open Day. I believe such Cases seldom
happened — and whenever one did, I'm pretty confident, that 'twas not as a
matter of Eight, but that the Party knew he had none, and also did it in such
a manner (hugger-mugger) as discovered He was conscious He had none,

294 Letters concerning the Boundaries of Cranborne Chace.

" Mr. I. L. and his Father kept Greyhounds, and probably he might
mention an Instance of the kind — if so, and suppose even a Keeper stood by,
it only proves a Connivance in the Keeper, as It was a Case that rarely
happen'd and the Keepers wish'd to keep well with the substantial People in
the Parishes — He and his Father were such (a rigorous x examination of I. L.
and other Witnesses on the above Points will prove the Facts They are
intended to controvert). The In -Bounds and Out-Bounds are Terms I have
often heard mentioned, but never heard the In described, I look on it to be
a Difference without a Distinction, and I am persuaded that the Witnesses
on this Point will differ in their Description, some fixing the iw-Bounds at
the Verge of the Woods, others at the Northern Verge of the Downs, others
at the Southern verge of the Corn-Fields — as to the Bound-Road being
the northern Boundary I verily believe not a single witness ever heard of
before the present Enquiry — I never did — the very supposition includes
the most palpable Absurdities — that line of Boundary excludes a great part
of the Eastern Walks — and I think the whole of Vern or Fern-Ditch, so
that before That was sold off (and that alienation cou'd not effect the Boundary)
Fern Ditch Walk Part of Cranborne Chace was no part of Cranborne Chace
— further — as some of the Lodges are in Wiltshire, can It be supposed that
the then Lord of the Chace wou'd build Lodges for the Preservation of the
Deer, without the precincts of those Walks ? — and lastly — can it be supposed
that the Owners of those Lands and Coppices North of the Bound Eoad wou'd
for so many years have submitted to such a violent Trespass and Injury ?
Absurdity. I presume you will be provided with an accurate Plan or Map
of the Chace, the Neighbourhood, and Boundary — It now only remains that
I apologize for thus leaving my Line of Profession and becoming Solicitor —
This you will impute to its true Cause and believe me Sir

" Your very hum Ser1.

" Henry Good.

" N.B. in case the Bound Road be the Northern Boundary Mr. I. L. (or
any other person) had as justifiable a Right to kill Deer in the Northern
Coppices in the Face of the Sun and Presence of a Keeper, as in the Corn-
Fields of Aston — what will He say to this point ? did He ever know such
Instance ? "

From the Deposition of Henry Harrington of Bowerchalke — 72 — (undated) : —
" In D (K ?) Woods in the Parish of B ? chalk about 50 years ago Henry
Wheeler & many others were hunting there — the Keepers came to take them
and there was a Battle & Wm. Harcourt a Cobley Keeper was killed — Henry
Wheeler was tried, convicted, and gibbeted in Vern ditch Walk & the rest
absconded — Ralph Bond afterwds was taken and was tried & it was with
difficulty he escaped."

George Hill of Rushmore Lodge — Deposition :—

" Says his father & himself were Keepers of the Chace, as also his grand
father and great grand father — has heard his father say the Out Bounds of
the Chace were run about 60 years since and that the Party began on the

Erlestoke and its Manor Lords.

295

Sth side at Woolbridge Eastward towards Verwood (near Fordingbridge)
from thence to the stone at Fordingbridge from thence to the 16 Arch Bridge
so on to Downton by the Eiver from thence to Harnham & so on to Bull
bridge— has heard they proceeded from Bull bridge to the Kiver Nadder to
Tisbury by the water, to Cann Chappel, crossed again there and proceeded
towards (Fonthill ?) by the Stour, from thence to Canford Bridge where
Horns are affixed every year & from thence pursuing the Stour to Woolbridge."

Deposition of William Brinton Nov. 6th, 1791 :—

" About thirty years back I Liv'd with Mr. Arundell of Ashcombe for the
space of Twelve years and During that time I saw 3 Deer at a time hang up
in Mr. Arundell's Brewhouse and the Gates was order'd to be trigg'd oppen
for to Let the Deer into the Park. I knowd one Sorell in Particular that was
Carst in by the Greyhounds, the Haunches of that Deer waied 22 Pounds and
half, and there is to Places in the Park where the Deer can Leap into the
Park but they cant Leap out again. I think we had no Bight to kill the
Deer. They did it by stelth.-

" William Brinton."

By John Watson-Taylor.
INTRODUCTION.

^^fl^N" the north-west corner of Salisbury Plain the parish of
iSj j|] Imber occupies a central position and forms the southern
boundary of four small parishes that run in narrow strips to the
edge of the plain and down into the vale below. The largest of
these is Erlestoke, but while its length is four-and-a-half miles, its
width nowhere exceeds one mile. On the west the little parish of
East Coulston runs with Erlestoke from Imber to Bulkington and
Keevil on the north, and on the east Great Cheverell and its small
neighbour on the other side run together northwards but are
brought up short by Worton, whose tithing of Marston completes

296

Erlestoke and its Manor Lords.

the boundary to Erlestoke. The area of Erlestoke is a little over
two thousand acres, of which, roughly speaking, one-third is on
the chalk of the plain, one third on the Kimmeridge Clay of the
vale, and the remaining third on the Upper Green Sand, the Gault,
and the Portland Sand that intervene in that order between the
chalk and the clay. The village is situated, like those of its
neighbours, near the foot of the downs, on the Upper Green Sand
where the springs break out that have their origin in the chalk.
Across the parish runs the county road that skirts this part of the
plain, and further north the district road lately made in the track
of an old bridle path to join East Coulston with Marston.1 To the
north and south there is no access from within the parish except
by a rough track that runs from the top of the hill, along Brouncker's
Down to the parish of Imber and by a bridle road through Pudnell
Farm to Bulkington and Keevil Wick. In coaching days the
county road was the direct road to London by Upavon and Andover,
by which route Erlestoke is ninety-three-and-a-quarter miles from
London, but at the present clay it is chiefly used for local traffic
between the Westbury and Devizes districts, and a part of this
traffic has been diverted to the new district road. On the west
the nearest hard road to the south is at Westbury, seven miles off,
and to the north at Edington, two-and-a-half miles ; on the east
the access to the south is at Littleton Panell, two-and-a half miles
off ; and to the north and north-west by the same road, which can
be reached through Great Cheverell or Marston. The new line of
the Great Western Eailway from Patney to Westbury also crosses
the parish, and has, to some extent, brought this quiet corner of
Wiltshire into closer touch with the outside world, but Erlestoke
is less affected than its neighbours, from the fact that the village
is farthest removed from the two nearest stations, at Edington and
Lavington. In its geographical relation to the different adminis-
trative areas of the county Erlestoke is also in a remote situation,

1 The grass slow-coach road from Bath to Salisbury also crosses the parish
on the hill, but is not used for through traffic except by an occasional gipsy
van. The half-way milestone stands at the junction of the track to Imber,
and the distance to that village (3| miles) is cut on its south face.

By John Watson- Taylor.

297

for the parish forms the southern apex of the elongated hundred
of Melksham, and is the most western of those that form the rural
district area and petty sessional division of Devizes and the eastern
parliamentary division of the county, while Devizes, the adminis-
trative centre and the market town is seven miles away.

But, though small and remote, Erlestoke has an interesting
history, which, through its manor lords, connects the parish with
many of the most important military and political events of the
the five centuries that followed the Norman Conquest, while the
humbler story of the manor itself, its tenants and its customs,
offers an interesting reflection of country life and the many changes
it has undergone since that event.

Of the various methods of compiling such a chronicle, that
which presents the different events, as far as possible, in chrono-
logical sequence, seems to afford the most interest, but it is not
until England had been for some years under Norman rule that
the materials are sufficient to admit of a continuous narrative, and
there remains a long vista of years, stretching back to the unknown,
of which the scanty records are those offered by the soil itself,
upon and below its surface.

The most ancient of these is the round barrow, situated on the
brow -of the hill, not far from the old quarry on the Cheverell
boundary, once no doubt a landmark to dwellers in the vale but
now concealed by the long wood that has clothed the hillside for
a hundred years. The barrow contained, when opened a short time
ago, within a small cist cut in the chalk rock under the centre of
the mound, the calcined remains of human bones, and may be
included in the category of the majority of those barrows that lie
around Stonehenge, which Sir Eichard Colt Hoare attributed
to the Bronze Age. The investigations that have lately been
made at Stonehenge itself have led to the conviction, founded on
astronomical as well as archaeological grounds, that it also
belongs to the commencement of the Bronze Age, and is
be dated somewhere about the eighteenth century before Christ.1

1 Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxxiii., No. 99.

298

Erlestoke and its Manor Lords.

To the same period may be ascribed the " Castle," which, though
no longer visible, existed as late as the seventeenth century, as is
shown by the references to it that are found in a manor court
book of that time. In the schedules of tenants' holdings the
location of the various strips of which these were made up involves
the mention of the Castle several times as on the West Hill, in an
elevated position not far from Marditch (a part of the Hillwood),
and near the Coulston boundary, and it is so probable as to be
certain that it was on the highest point of the hill and that its
disappearance is due to the fact that a large area there has been
quarried out for chalk. Like most of the castles of the Wiltshire
downs, this must have been a place of refuge to which the families
and the cattle of the tribe could be taken for safety when threatened
by attack from a neighbouring tribe, and the fact that the elevation
at this point (729 feet) is the highest between Bratton and Milton
makes it a likely situation to be chosen for such a purpose. It is
conjectured that at this period the vale was covered by a dense
forest except those parts of it which were lake or marsh, and that
the hill only was open to cultivation and comparatively free from
the attacks of wild beasts. The traces of an ancient settlement in
Imber parish and close to the southern end of Erlestoke parish,
and the many tumuli close by that testify to its importance, suggest
the possibility that it was from here that adventurous spirits set
out towards the vale and laid the foundations of the parishes of
Erlestoke and its neighbours.

Two thousand years later the Eomans had invaded Britain and
had conquered the Belgae, the tribe then occupying this part of
the country, who settled down after a stubborn resistance to a
peaceful existence under Boman rule. A large number of Boman
coins have been and are continually being found on the " Sands,"
to the north-west of the village, where the spade and the plough
expose them, and it is recorded by an antiquarian who wrote a
short account of Erlestoke at the middle of the eighteenth century
that many had been found on the " Sharp " nearer the hill.1 The <

1 MS. 115, Society of Antiquaries.

By John Watson- Taylor.

299

oldest of those of which any record is preserved is one of the reign
of the Emperor Allectus {circa 293 A.D.), which was in a collection
made by the Eev. Christopher Knipe, a former vicar, bnt the large
majority of them are of a later date, and all are of common occurrence
elsewhere. No other trace remains at Erlestoke of the Roman
occupation, though it lasted four hundred years ; and of the Saxons
who succeeded them in the conquest of the south of England after
an interval of forty years, the only memorial is in the tradition
that some sixty years ago a Saxon stone coffin was unearthed
within the " Crate," an enclosure on the Sands, and that in the
course of its removal to the churchyard it was broken into pieces,
which have been lost. The location of the Roman coins seems to
point to the Sands as the place where the village stood in these
times, and the elevated situation is one that would afford security
from sudden attack while allowing the inhabitants easy access, when
in search of food, to the forest and the lake which probably occupied
apart of the parish and later became a marsh (Earl Stoke Marsh 1).

With the Norman period the materials for local history begin
to accumulate more rapidly, and of these the most important is
Domesday Book, the report of the Commissioners appointed by
William the Conqueror to discover who held the land and how
much and on what terms they held it. In Domesday Book a
Stoche is twice mentioned, but in each case the reference is not
to Erlestoke but to Bradenstoke,2 and it may therefore be con-
cluded that Erlestoke was part of another manor and included in
its description. Erlestoke is not singular in this respect, for, to
take a case from the immediate neighbourhood, the large parish of
Worton is included under Potterne, and just as Worton was con-
nected with Potterne ecclesiastically as well as manorially, so also
it is probable that Erlestoke being a chapelry of the parish of
Melksham,3 was a member also of that manor. Seend, which was

1 Andrews & Dury, Map of Wiltshire, 1753.
2 Jones, Domesday for Wiltshire, p. 68.
Sarum Charters and Documents, A.D. 1220; Ecton, Thesaurus, p. 394.

300

Erlestoke and its Manor Lords.

also a chapelry of Melksham, is spoken of in Testa de Ncvill 1 ( circa
1242) as a member of the manor of Melksham, and was held of
the King by John de Cherbourgh2; and in the same record Erlestoke
and Seend are classed together, apparently by a printer's error, at
the end of a list of fees of the Abbot of Malmesbnry.3 In the
description of Melksham, whose name occurs twice in Domesday
Book, there is nothing by which Erlestoke can be separately
identified, nor does the description contain any name of which
even an echo remains in any of the local place-names, and the
only statement that can be applied directly is that it was in the
hands of the King, and had been held by Earl Harold in the time
of Edward the Confessor. It is proved by records of a later time
that Erlestoke remained a royal manor until the reign of Henry I,,
but this is all that is known positively of it until the reign of
Stephen, Henry's nephew, who usurped the throne in the place of
of Maud, Henry's only surviving child and his acknowledged heir,
the wife of Geoffrey, Count of Anjou.

After Domesday Book the most valuable source of information
in regard to the early history of manors is found in the cartularies
of religious houses, in which were preserved copies of the charters
by which their lands and other property had been granted to them,
for these charters often contained important details as to the
family and. property of the benefactor.

THE DE MANDEVILLES, 1100 — 1200.

Tims it is in the case of Erlestoke, for (from the cartulary
of the Cluniac Priory of Montacute (Somerset) we learn that
one Eoger, the son of Stephen de Mandeville, held the manor
of Erlestoke, of the King in chief, at the middle of the twelfth
century. The information comes from a charter of Boger de
Mandeville by which he granted to the Priory : " for the soul of

1 p. 154, b.

2 p. 142.
3 p. 157, b.

By John Wat son- Taylor.

301

my father Stephen who died near the road to Jerusalem (inpcinctu
trie jerosolimitanc) . . . my mill of Erlestokes with the ad-
jacent land and the man of the mill with all his progeny and the
grinding of my men of the same town at the same mill." 1

There were two mills at Erlestoke at this period or a little later. One
called Marsh Mill (Pat. Roll, 117, 26 Edw. L, m. 30), must, to judge from
its name, be that which stood until comparatively recent times, in the park
opposite the first house in " Lower Street," and the other, the subject of this
charter, that which tradition states to have been situated by the " Island "
Pond of the present day. The history of this mill can be traced for many
years. In 1534-5 it was still in the possession of Montacute Priory, and its
annual rent was 20*. (Valor Ecclesiasticus). After the suppression of the
monasteries William Brown, collector of rents, accounted to the Exchequer
for 20*., the amount of rent of a mill in Erlestoke, lately the property of the
priory, of which Robert Newman was the tenant (Exch. Min. Ace, 30 — 31
Hen. VIII., Wiltshire, No. 128, m. 33), and in 1559-60 the water-mill in
Erlestoke, then or lately in the tenure of Robert Newman or his assigns and
parcel of the possession of Montacute Priory, was sold to Robert Davye, and
Henry Dynne (Pat. Roll 949, 2 Eliz., part 2, m. 8).

This grant is confirmed by the King for the first time in the
first charter of Henry II. 2 the date of which is considered by a
high authority to be 1155. 3 In this year, also, died Earl Baldwin
de Keclvers,4 with whom Stephen de Mandeville's journey to
Jerusalem was made.5 The statement by Leland is that these
two, from motives of piety, made a journey over sea, on which
journey Stephen died while Baldwin got home with difficulty
{cegre domum reversus est), and it may be concluded that Baldwin's
death followed soon after his return, while the reference to the
journey seems rather to suggest a private pilgrimage than a
participation in the Crusade of 1147.

Of the bearers of the name " de Mandeville " there were in
England two families that may be distinguished as of the East and
of the West of England. Whether or no the two were descended
from a common ancestor it seems impossible to state positively.

Mr. Stapleton, in his observations on the Norman Exchequer,
connects the Erlestoke with the Essex family, and derives them

1 MS. 85, Trim Coll., Oxon., fols. 75 and 76.

2 MS. 85, Trin. Coll., Oxon., fols. 7 and 8.

3 Somerset Record Society, vol. 8, p. 247.

4 Dugdale, Baronage, I., 255.

5 Leland, Collectanea, L, 446.

302

Erlestokc and its Manor Lords.

and their name from Mandeville, near Trevieres, in the Bessin 1
(Calvados), while M. Delisle, the great French authority, thinks
that the two families had nothing in common but the name.2 The
Norman property of the Essex family was certainly situated in
the neighbourhood of Mandeville, near Trevieres, and was chiefly
confined to the diocese of Bayeux, for the " land of Chambois,"
near Argentan, was not acquired until the time of the third Earl
of Essex, to whom it was given by Philip, Earl of Flanders.3 The
chief seat of the Erlestoke family was at Olonde, near Ourville, in
the diocese of Coutances and their property was chiefly confined
to that neighbourhood. Here there are several places of the name
of Magneville, but none of them can be connected with the family
in any special manner. The most important of them is that near
Valognes, which M. Delisle shows to have been a part of the
possessions of the Bertrans of Briquebec from the eleventh to the
fourteenth century.4

The Essex family is the first to appear in England in the person
of Geoffrey de Mandeville, a follower of the Conqueror, who, as a
reward for his services in 1066, received large grants of land in
different parts of the country, but chiefly in the eastern counties.
Details of his family are preserved in a deed of gift to the Monastery
of Hurley, where he mentions Leceline, his wife, and Athelais, his
first wife, " the mother of my sons," and at the end of which he in-
vokes " all my sons " to maintain the integrity of his charter.5 The
witnesses include his wife and two others of his name, William
and Richard, but of " all his sons " William de Mandeville is the
only one heard of in history. He was Constable of the Tower of
London in 1101 6 and was succeeded in that office by his son
Geoffrey, who was created Earl of Essex by King Stephen in 1140. 7

1 Botuli Scaccarii Normannice, vol. II., p. clxxxviii.

2 Rotuli Scaccarii Normannice Fragmentum, p. 20.

3 Ibid, p. 41.
4 Ibid, p. 21.
6 Madox, Formulare Anglicanum, No. 397.
6 Ordericus Vitalis, Bohn, III., 280.
1 Bound, Geoffrey de Mandeville, p. 38.

By John Watson- Taylor.

303

This Geoffrey had four sons : Ernulph, Geoffrey, William, and
Eobert, of whom the last seems to have predeceased his brothers.
In the struggle between King Stephen and the Empress Maud the
father gave his allegiance alternately to both parties and from
both received valuable considerations until at last the King lost
patience, arrested him, and compelled him to surrender his lands
and strongholds, the sources of his power. Geoffrey, however,
managed to escape from custody, and with his eldest son, Ernulph,
he fled to the Fen-land, where his fury against the King led him
to every species of violence not only against the civil but even
against the ecclesiastical power. In 1 1 44 he was slain near Burwell
and his son, being taken prisoner, was banished and disinherited
as a punishment for the sacrilege they had committed. The earldom
thus devolved on the second son, Geoffrey (died 1166), and later
on the third son, William (died 1189), who both dying childless,
the earldom became extinct.1 The earldom was revived by King
John in favour of Geoffrey Fitz Piers,2 who had married the grand-
daughter of Beatrice de Mandeville (sister of the first earl), and
his son, Geoffrey, assumed the name of de Mandeville. This family
held, in Wiltshire, Chiriell and Winterslow, the former of which
passed to Maud de Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick, and the
latter to the descendants of Isabel de Vipount, two of the four
sisters in whom this line ended in 1298-9. 3

Meanwile Ernulph, the eldest son of the first earl, re-appeared
in England in the reign of Henry II., 4 and among the grants of
land that he was permitted to retain were Bratton with Estrop in
Highworth, held by the service of forty days' ward at Devizes
Castle and 20s. yearly. He left at least two sons, Geoffrey and
Kalph, of whom the former succeeded him in the manor of Bratton.
To Geoffrey (I.) of Bratton succeeded his son, Geoffrey II., whose
wife was named Agnes, and one of his sons Geoffrey, but his heir

1 Bound, Geoffrey de Mandeville, p. 244.
2 Ibid, p. 39.
3 Dugdale, Baronage, L, 707.
4 Geoffrey de Mandeville, p. 228.

304

Erlestoke and its Manor Lords.

was another son named Ralph, who did homage for Bratton and
Estrop on the death of his father in 1246, and who died in 1280.
At his death one Thomas was found to be his nearest heir, and at
this period also Robert de Mandeville held land in Bratton of the
King in chief, but in 1299 William Maundeville held Bratton " as
of his inheritance after the death of Ralph Maundeville his father,"
and it is to be presumed that Thomas had died and had been
succeeded by a brother named Ralph, the father of William, for
when, in 1333, William died he was succeeded by a brother named
John, who was born in 1298. John survived his brother two years
only, and left a widow, Benedicta, who gave her manor of Bratton
and Estrop to Edington Monastery in 1361. The grant was con-
firmed by the next heir, Joan, the cousin of Benedicta and the wife
of Nicholas atte Hoke.1

To return now to the West of England family : contemporary
with William de Mandeville, father of the first Earl of Essex,
were Geoffrey and Roger de Mandeville, described as brothers in
a charter of the Abbey of St. Sauveur 2 to which they are witnesses,
with Eudo, Viscount of the Cotentin who succeeded his brother
Nigel, baron of St. Sauveur, in this office in 10 92. 3 Their names
appear together again as witnesses to two charters of Richard de
Red vers, who died 1107,4 recorded in the cartulary of the Abbey
of Montebourg, one granting Lodres, Exmouth, and land in the
Isle of Wight to that abbey,5 and the other establishing canons at
Nehou,6 near St. Sauveur.

These brothers are heard of in England for the first time in the
reign of Henry I., and they no doubt followed that prince from
Normandy on his accession to the throne, for Roger is known to

1 Wilts Notes and Queries, vols. 2 and 3 Kecords of Parishes : Bratton.
2 France, Bibl. Nat., MS., Latin, 17137, fol. 24.
3 Stapleton, L, lxxxvi.
4 Ord. Vit,, Bohn, III., 418.
5 France, MS., Latin, 10087, Nos. 141, 143.
6 Ibid, No. 144.

By John Watson- Taylor.

305

have been one of the leaders of his party in the Cotentin during the
struggle between the two sons of the Conqueror.1

It was no doubt as a reward for these services of the past, that
the brothers received grants of land in the West of England from
Henry I. In Devonshire Geoffrey had the manor of Wonford, in
Heavitree,2 and in Dorsetshire the important barony of Marshwood,3
and in Wiltshire the manor of Sutton, while Eoger is known to
have had the manor of Woodbury,4 Devon, and probably received
other manors at this time which are found to have been in the
possession of his family at a later period.5 In Normandy Eoger is
found joining in the grant of the Churches of St. Martin and St.
Medard, of Gouey, to the Abbey of St. Sauveur,0 and as Gouey is
close to Olonde it may be presumed that this fief was already in the
family's possession. Eoger was succeeded by his son, Stephen, who
followed his father's example in his fidelity to the family of Henry
I., and was a strenuous supporter of the Empress Maud. He is first
heard of as joining with Baldwin de Eedvers in the raid made on
the Cotentin by Eaymond de Dunstanville in 1138.7

1 Memoires de la Societe des Antiquaires de Normandie, I., 266.

2 Pole's Devon, p. 233.
3 Batten, Historical Notes, South Somerset, p. 116.

4 Pole, Devon, p. 155.
5 The connection between the Marshwood and Erlestoke families is further
indicated by the Montebourg and Montacute cartularies. Before 1174
William Avenel confirmed to the Abbey of Montebourg the grant of the
land of " Buscherville," which was of the fee of Robert de Mandeville, and
which Margaret, his (Robert's) wife, and Geoffrey, his son, had given with
the consent of Earl Baldwin and Stephen de Mandeville, for the soul of the
same Robert and of his daughter, the wife of William Avenel (MS. Latin,
10087, No. 272). Geoffrey, the son of Robert, also confirmed this grant of
his father's, and the same Geoffrey has a charter in the Montacute cartulary
to which Roger de Mandeville is a witness with, among others, Herbert de
Pinu and Herbert de Monasteriis, two of the witnesses to the Erlestoke mill
charter (Som. Record Society, vol. 8, p. 138). In 1305 Sir John de Mandeville
confirmed to Montacute Priory the grant of Erlestoke mill made by his
" ancestor," Roger de Mandeville. The term " ancestor " is not to be taken
literally, but the descent of Sir John from Geoffrey I., of Marshwood, the
grand-uncle of Roger of Erlestoke, is shown by Mr. Batten in his Historical
Notes on South Somerset (p. 114).

6 MS., Latin, 17137, fols. 4, 15.

7 Ord. Vit., IV., 196.
VOL. XXXIII. — NO. CI. X

306

Erlestoke and its Manor Lords.

He had no doubt been one of the " flower of the youth of
England " who under the leadership of Baldwin had lately been
compelled to surrender the castle of Exeter to King Stephen 1 after
a siege of three months. From Exeter he probably fled with
Baldwin to the Isle of Wight, and thence, when threatened by
King Stephen from Southampton, to the court of the Count of
Anjou.2

In 1139 Baldwin returned to England " with a bold and spirited
band of soldiers," and landed at Wareham with the main army of
the Empress Maud,3 and Stephen de Mandeville no doubt came
over with his friend, for in 1142 he is found actively fomenting
the civil war in the west and " busily employed in undermining
the King's power." 4 From this time until he made his journey to
Jerusalem we ha've no information as to his movements, but it
seems doubtful if such a " persevering soldier " and consistently
loyal adherent to the Angevin cause would have abandoned his
efforts on behalf of the Empress and her son until success had
been achieved. For this reason, and for others given above, it
seems probable that the journey to Jerusalem occurred after the
Treaty of Wallingford (1153) had secured the succession of Henry
of Anjou to the English throne, and that Stephen de Mandeville
died in 1154.

The cartularies of St. Sauveur and Montebourg supply several
details of his family and of his possessions in Normandy. His gift
of four quarters of corn from his mill at Olonde is confirmed to the
former by Roger de Argentiis 5 one of the family to whom Olonde
was granted by Philip Augustus in 1205,6 and his gift of a sixth
part of the corn of his mill at Barneville by his son Roger,7 who

1 Gesta Stephani, Bohn, p.. 337.
2 Ibid, p. 344. Roger de Wendover, I., 485.
3 Gesta Stephani, p. 364.
4 Ibid, p. 417.
5 MS., Latin, 17137, No. 208.

6 Stapleton, II., cxc.
7 MS., Latin, 17157, No. 311.

By John Watson- Taylor.

307

also gave to Montebourg the advowson of the Church at the same
place to be held free and undisturbed as Eoger the priest held it
" of the gift of Stephen my father." 1 Among the witnesses to this
last charter are " Ealph Patric and Eoger, my uncles," who also
appear (as " Eoger de Mandeville and Ealph Patric, my uncles ")
in the testing clause of the Montacute charter.

The family of Patric had considerable possessions in the neigh-
bourhood of Caen, where the parish and chateau of Le Mesnil
Patry 2 still bear witness to their importance. The cartulary of
St. Vincent de Caen also supplies a short pedigree of the family of
William Patric,3 the brother of a Ealph Patric,4 and perhaps the
uncle of Mabilia Patric, who also married into the Erlestoke family.

We now come to Eoger de Mandeville (IIP), who succeeded his
father, Stephen, in his possessions in England and Normandy, and
is the first recorded tenant of the manor of Erlestoke. Whether
he succeeded his father in this possession also is uncertain but
highly probable.

Seend seems to have been granted as a separate manor for the
first time by Henry III.,5 but from the contents of a Curia Eegis
Eoll of the same King's time it appears that Erlestoke had been
granted away by Henry I.6

The roll referred to is the record of a suit for the manor against
the tenant of that time, made by the King on the ground that it
was ancient demesne of the crown, of which Henry I. had seisin
and which had been wrongfully alienated in that King's time. It
has been shown above that Eoger de Mandeville held the manor
of the King in chief in 1155, so that it may be presumed that the
plea of wrongful alienation was merely a legal form, and that the

1 MS., Latin, 10087, No. 263.

2 MS., Latin, 5445, p. 95.

3 MS., Latin, 5444, p. 649.

4 MS., Latin, 5445, p. 97.

5 Aubrey and Jackson, Wiltshire, p. 302, n.
6 No. 151, 37 and 38 Hen. III., m. 16.

x 2

308

Erlestohe and its Manor Lords.

original grant was made by Henry I. to an ancestor of Eoger de
Mandeville. At the same time it is worthy of note that the
defendant gained the day on the technical plea that, though he
alone was cited, he was not the sole owner.

In Normandy Eoger (III.) had extensive landed interests, as
appears from his many grants to the Abbey of Montebourg. In
Goesberville (canton, St. Mere-Eglise) he gave all his land and what
interest he had in its church,1 in " Cerhaus " all the land he had
in his domain,2 in Gratot (near Coutances) his interest in the
Church of the Blessed Mary 3 and the tithes appertaining to his
fee ; and in Otheville, near Cherbourg, the advowson of the Church.4

He also gave to the Priory of Monroe (near Nehou) ten acres
in " Escorcheporc " and twelve quarters of corn from his mill of
" Eoca," and to the abbey the reversion of the advowsons of
Puteville (St. Maurice, near Barneville) and " Stoches," with all
its appurtenances, both of which were then in the possession of
Julian Malesarz.5

In one of the charters, referred to above, Eoger's wife, A. de
Nonant, is a witness, and in several of them his brother William
de Mandeville is a consenting party.

Eoger died in 1198 and was succeeded by this brother,6 whose wife
was the Mabilia Patric referred to above. William de Mandeville
died soon after his brother, leaving his wife surviving him, and an
only daughter, Joan, who succeeded to his property in England
and Normandy and conveyed it to her husband, Theodore Teutonicus,
in 1200.7 In 1202 this husband was dead and she was married a

1 MS., Latin, 10087, Nos. 256, 257.

2 Ibid, No. 259.

3 Ibid, No. 267.

4 Ibid, No. 280.

5 Ibid, No. 266.

6 Pipe Roll, 9 Ric. 1.
7 Botudi de Qblatis, Hardy, p. 87.

By John Watson- Taylor.

309

second time to Matthew Fitz-Herbert, a son of Herbert Fitz-Herbert,
one of the Chamberlains to Henry I.1 Matthew received as the
dower of his wife the fief of Olonde in Normandy 2 and the manor
of Erlestoke.3 He seems also to have come into possession of the
manor of Stokenham (Devon) in the same way, for his charter is
found in the Cartulary of Montebourg confirming a grant of land
in the neighbouring parish of Strete. This had been before con-
firmed by Eoger de Mandeville, and was now confirmed " by the
wish and with the consent of Johanna Patrick his wife."4

On the death of Matthew Fitz-Herbert in 1231, his widow, Joan,
the last of the Erlestoke De Mandevilles, surrendered all the lands
which she and Matthew had held of her inheritance, in favour of
Herbert Fitz-Matthew, their son and heir.5

\_To he continued. .]

1 Magn. Rot. Scacc, 81 Hen. 1.

2 Rot. Norm., Hardy, I., 51, 96.

3 Close Rolls, i., 423.
4 Calendar of Documents, France, No. 886.
5 Excerpt ae Rot. Fin., L, 211.

310

Erlestokc and its Manor Lords.

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By John Watson- Taylor.

311

The De Mandevilles of Essex.

2.Leceline.=Geoffrey de Mandeville. = l.Atbelais.
Follower of the Con- I
queror.

William de Mandeville,—.
Constable of the Tower
1101. ob. 1139-40.

I I
Geoffrey de Mandeville. =Rohese d. o. Beatrice = William
cr.Earlof Essex 1141. I Aubrey de Vere. I de Say.
obiit. 1144. | |_

I

i r i i

Ernulph=Aaliz. Geoffrey de William de William =
de Mandeville, Mandeville, de Say.

Man- 2nd Earl. ob. 3rd Earl. ob.

deville. s.p. 1166. s.p. 1189.

Geoffrey
de Say.

I

Geoffrey de =
Mande-
ville.

I

Eobert de
Mande-
ville.

I

Ralph de
Mande-
ville.

B.

Geoffrey de Mandeville, =Agnes.
Sheriff of Wilts, 1246.
ob. 1246.

B.

r

Geoffrey de
Mandeville.

Ealph de
Mandeville.
ob. 1280.

Beatrice :=Geoffrey
de Say. Fitz Piers,
Earl of
Essex, 1199.

Geoffrey " de
Mandeville,"
Earl of Essex,
1213—1216.

I

Thomas de
Mandeville,
nat. 1252.
ob. ante 1289.

Robert de=Amice.
de Man-
deville.

ob. ante 1289.

Ralph de:
Mande-
ville.
ob. ante
1299.

I

William de :
Mandeville.
ob. 1333.

:Felicia.

John de=Benedicta
Mande-
ville.

nat. 1293.
ob. 1335.

A. — From Round's Geoffrey

de Mandeville ; and

B. — Wilts Notes & Oueries,

vols. II. and" III.—
Records of Parishes
— B ration.

312

Wilts Dtotttarg-

Sir Henry Charles Eden Malet, third Baronet, of Wiibury

Park, Wilts, died Jan. 12th, 1904, aged 68. Buried at Newton Toney.
Born 1835. Son of Sir Alexander Malet. Educated at Eton. Entered
Grenadier Guards 1854, served in Crimean War. Capt. and Lt.-Col.
1862. Ketired 1870. Afterwards Col. Commandant of 4th Middlesex
Kifle Volunteers. He was lord of the manor of Newton Toney and J. P.
for Wilts. He married, 1873, Laura Jane Campbell, second daughter of
John Hamilton, formerly of Hilston Park, Mon. Their only daughter,
Vera Hamilton, married, 1903, Mr. Dorotheos Antoniadi. The baronetcy
passes to his brother, the Rt. Hon. Sir Edward Baldwin Malet, G.C.B.,
G.C.M.G. Wiibury Park was purchased by Sir Charles Malet, grandfather
of the late baronet, exactly one hundred years ago.

Obit, notices, Standard, Jan. 15th ; Salisbury Journal, Jan. 16th ;
The Wilts County Mirror (with some account of the Malet family)
Jan. 15th, 1904; Wiltshire Times quoting from The World, Jan. 23rd,
1904.

Rev. Henry William Fullen. Died Dec. 15th, 1903, aged 67.

Born 1836. Son of the Rev. William Pullen, Rector of Little Gidding
(Hunts.). Educated at Marlborough and Clare Coll., Camb. B.A.
1859, M.A. 1862. Deacon 1859, Priest 1860, Oxon. Assistant-Master
atBradfield, 1859—62. Vicar ' Choral of York Minster 1862; ditto,
Salisbury Cathedral, 1863—75.., Chaplain H.M.S. Alert in the Arctic
Expedition 1875—76. Curate' of Rockbeare (Dev.) 1898. Rector
of Thorpe Mandeville (Northants) 1903. He was the author of the
" Fight at Dame Eurojia's School," a skit published in 1870, which
was translated into over a dozen languages and of which over 100,000
copies were sold. He also edited Murray's Handbooks to Italy and Greece.
Obit notices, Times. Devizes Gazette, Dec. 24th, 1903.

Silas J. Taunton. Died Jan. 4th, 1904, aged 58. Buried at
Bemerton. Son of Silas Taunton, of Wick, Downton. Occupied farm
at Odstock, and afterwards the Bemerton and Eugglestone Farms until a
few years ago. Well known as an agriculturist and Conservative in
South Wilts. He was the founder and the managing director of the
Salisbury, Semley, and Gillingham Dairies, Ltd.

Obit, notices, Salisbury Journal, Jan. 9th ; Wilts County Mirror, Jan.
8th, 1904.

Wilts Obituary.

313

Rev. Robert Blythe. Died suddenly March 5th, 1904. Buried
at Ogbourne. Univ. of London 1864. Deacon 1871. Priest 1877, Oxon.
Chaplain of St. Mark's School, Windsor, 1871—87 ; Curate of Beech
Hill, Berks, 1887—89; Holy Trinity, Windsor, 1889—90. Vicar of
Ogbourne St. George 1890 until his death.

Obit, notice, Devizes Gazette, March 10th. A longer notice, dealing
with good work done in the parish, in Salisbury Diocesan Gazette,
April, 1904.

Rev. Charles Henry DaviS. Died March 2nd, 1904, aged 81.
Wadham Coll., Oxon., B.A. 1844, M.A. 1847. Deacon 1846. Priest 1847.
Glos. and Bristol. Minister of Chavenage Chapel, Horsley, 1846 — 51;
Curate of Horsley, 1846—49 ; Chaplain of Stroud Union 1851—75 •
Rector of Littleton Drew 1875 until his death. He was the author of
" The English Church Canons of 1604, with an Historical Introduction
and Notes."

William Charles Powning. Died April 4th, 1904, aged 60.

Buried in London Road Cemetery, Salisbury. Born Aug. 25th, 1843.
A native of Cornwall, served his articles as a solicitor with Mr. Lamb,
of Andover. Joined the firm of Lee, Houseman, & Powning at Salisbury
1876. Elected Town Clerk of Salisbury 1882, an office which he held
until his death. He was a prominent Freemason.

Obit, notices, Devizes Gazette, April 7th ; Wilts County Mirror, April
8th and 15th, 1904.

ReV. Charles HemingtOIl. Died April 30th, aged 73 (the result
of a street accident in London). Buried at the cemetery, Devizes. Born
at Over (Cambs.), July 20th, 1830. Educated at a private school at Ely.
Acted as pastor of Corpus Christi Chapel, Plymouth, for fifteen years,
and came to the Old Baptist Chapel, Devizes, 1871, where he remained
until his death. For some years he edited The Gospel Standard. He
was a strong Protestant, greatly esteemed and respected in the Baptist
denomination.

Long obit, notices, Devizes Gazette and Wiltshire Advertiser, May
5tb, 1904.

Rev. Charles Sumner Burden Died April 7th, 1904, aged 84.

St. Mary Hall, Oxon., B.A. 1853, M.A. 1857. Deacon 1854, Priest 1856,
Winchester. Curate of Privett (Hants) ; Rector of Ham, 1864—1900.

Lord Henry Frederick Thynne, of Muntham Court, Worthing.

Died Jan. 28th, 1904, aged 71. Second son of Henry Frederick, third
Marquis of Bath. Born 1832. Held a commission in Wilts Yeomanry.
J. P. and D.L. for Wilts ; J. P. for Somerset and Sussex. A prominent
Freemason. Contested S. Wilts in 1857 unsuccessfully, but was elected

314 Recent Wiltshire Boohs, Pamphlets, and Articles.

in 1859 and represented that constituency until 1885. A Conservative
in politics. Treasurer of the Household and a Privy Councillor 1875—
1880. He contested the Westbury Division but was defeated by Mr.
G. P. Fuller. Married, in 1858, Lady Ulrica Frederica Jane St. Maur,
second daughter of the thirteenth Duke of Somerset.

Obit, notices, Standard, Jan. 29th ; Salisbury Journal, Jan. 30th ;
Devizes Gazette, Feb. 4th, 1904.

Mary Jane Diana, Countess Nelson. Died May 8th, 1904.

Buried at Standlynch. Born May 26th, 1822. Daughter of Welbore
Ellis, 2nd Earl of Normanton, and Diana, daughter of George, Earl of
Pembroke. Married Earl Nelson, July 28th, 1845. She was a Roman
Catholic. Devizes Gazette, May 19th, 1904.

Rev. George Pilgrim Toppin. Died June 13th, 1904, aged 68.
Buried at Broad Town. Ch. Coll., Camb., B.A. 1858, M.A. 1862.
Deacon 1 860. Priest 1861 . Bath and Wells. Curate of Vobster (Som.),
1860—62; The Lea (Glos.), 1863; Bishops Cannings, 1864—68; Compton
Valence (Dorset), 1868—70 ; Cattistock (Dorset), 1870—76 ; Vicar of
Broad Town, 1876 until his death. He leaves a widow and one
surviving daughter, two daughters and three sons having pre-deceased
him, his youngest son Miles having died of wounds received as a
volunteer in the Boer War. He lived a very quiet retiring life, and
suffered much from weak health. For many years past he undertook
much laborious work for our Society, in the way of transcription and
copying, thus rendering very material assistance in carrying on the
Society's work.

[N.B. — This list does not claim to be in any way exhaustive. The Editor
appeals to all authors and publishers of pamphlets, books, or views in any
way connected with the county to send him copies of their works, and
to editors of papers and members of the Society generally to send him
copies of articles, views, or portraits, appearing in the newspapers.]

A History of the Borough and Town of Calne and
some account of the Villages, &c, in its vicinity.

By A. E. W. Marsh, F.K. Hist. Soc, with an Introduction by the Kev.
E. H, Goddard, M.A., and notes on the architecture of Calne Church,
Lacock Abbey, Bradenstoke Priory, &c, by Harold Brakspear, F.S.A.

Recent Wiltshire Boohs, Pamphlets, and Articles. 315

Illustrated by Mary F. May, &c, and from photographs. Calne:
Kobert S. Heath. London : Castle, Lamb, & Storr, 133, Salisbury
Square, E.C. 8£ X 5f. pp. xxvi. 388. [1904.] Subscriber's edition
on thick paper, limited to 75 copies, £1 is. ; ordinary edition, 10s. 6d.

For this stout and valuable addition to its topographical literature
the County of Wilts is indebted to the public spirit of Mr. R, S. Heath,
of Calne, the publisher, and of Mr. A. E. W. Marsh, the author, both of
whom have spared neither expense nor trouble in its preparation. It is
to be hoped that its sale may be sufficient in some measure to recoup
them. As it stands it is an important looking volume, well printed and
lavishly illustrated, and it is within the knowledge of the writer of this
notice that when Mr. Marsh first undertook the task of writing it, the
work that he proposed to himself to compile was a very different thing
from the book which has now, after an interval of several years, been
published.

Starting with the idea of writing something in the shape of a popular
sketchy guide book to the Calne neighbourhood he soon found that the
material for the history of Calne itself which had never hitherto been
dealt with was sufficient to demand a far fuller treatment than he had
at first contemplated. The consequence has been that a great portion
of the book has been entirely re-written, and many parts of it not once
nor twice. It is indeed perhaps a pity that having departed so far from
the original design he did not go a step further still and give us an entire
volume devoted to Calne itself, in which points which, as it is, are but
touched on, such as the history of the various families who owned
property in the parish, might have been dealt with as fully as is the
later history of the borough. The necessarily more superficial sketches
of the neighbouring villages and other places, such as Lacock, which
have really nothing to do with Calne, might with advantage have been
relegated to another volume altogether. For the real value of the book
lies in the 1st part, consisting of 216 pages, and in the appendices, pp.
330 — 377, all of which are concerned with the history of Calne itself.
In one other respect, too, the book misses being quite as useful as it
might have been. An index to a topographical work of this kind should
contain all the names of persons or places mentioned in the book, and
in this case it does not by any means do so. If it had been merely a
popular compilation from works of reference already published this
would not have been necessary, but when we have charters, lay subsidy
rolls, lists of guild stewards, Members of Parliament, and Mayors, and
of those who in 1643 swore the covenant, extents of manors, and so
forth, which are to be found nowhere else in print, one cannot but regret
that such a richmine of information is not made as completely available
as possible by a really full index.

Of the neighbouring places many are treated in a somewhat unsatisfying
" guide booky " way. At Bremhill Maud Heath's column and causeway,
the Moravian settlement at East Tytherton, founded by John Cennick
in 1742, and Stanley Abbey are the chief subjects touched on. At Lacock,
however, Mr. Brakspear's architectural notes on Church and Abbey

316 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

erive exact and accurate information, and the description of Bromham
Church is also by the same hand.

Heddington is dismissed very shortly, and the Wansdyke is touched on.

Calstone Church.

Calstone and its manorial history is rather more fully dealt with, an
extent of the manor taken 1 Edw. I. being printed in full. Blackland
and Cherhill follow, shortly, and a page or two about the barrows. The

Cherhill Barn.

Recent Wiltshire Boohs, Pamphlets, and Articles. 317

account of Avebury Church is fairly adequate, as also is that of the
Circles. Yatesbury is dismissed in a couple of pages, the descent of the
property being very shortly traced and a word or two said about the

Avebury Church. Interior from the South Aisle showing the Saxon
Clerestory Windows.

Church. Under the head of Compton Bassett we have a good deal of
information as to the descent of the property ; the hour-glass in the
Church is well described ; and the statement is made that the stone screen
and loft are said to have been brought from a side aisle of Winchester
Cathedral. What authority has the author for this ? The bells, too,

318 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

are described, and their marks carefully illustrated, indeed throughout
this latter part of the book the bells are more accurately described, and
are evidently of more interest to the author than any other feature of
the Churches.

The account of Hilmarton is fuller and better than that of most of the
other places dealt with ; the Goatacre Corn Law meeting of 1846 is
dwelt on at some length, and a number of interesting entries concerning
the bells are given from the churchwardens' accounts.

The remarkable ambulatory from the N. aisle to the chancel with the
rood loft steps within it is shown in the accompanying illustration of
the Church.

Hilmarton Church. Screen from the Chancel
showing Squint, Ambulatory, and Rood Loft Stairs.

The architectural notes on Braden stoke Priory by Mr. Brakspear are
very full and good, describing the existing remains at length. Among
other things he mentions that a handsome fireplace head which came
from the-three storied building which formerly stood, as shown in Buck's
engraving of 1750, at the south end of the existing range of buildings,
was taken to Corsham Court and there erected in the billiard room,
after long lying forgotten, in 1900. It contains the name of the prior at
the beginning of Henry the Eighth's reign, T. Walshe, whose rebus is also
found amongst the carved stones now built into a wall at Bradenstoke.

The author notes that the cross which now stands close to the Church
formerly stood on the edge of the hill.

Lyneham has the bell inscriptions and the execution of one Maskelyne
in 1838, for the attempted murder of Mr. Bryan Rumboll, of Lyneham
Court, as its two chief points of interest.1

1 Since the publication of the book the hitherto inexplicable inscription on
the medieval bell at Lyneham has been identified by Canon Chr. Wordsworth
as a part of the antiphon to Benedictus at Lauds of St. Thomas the Martyr
in the Sarum Breviary, I., p. cclix. It should be read thus : — opem. : nobis :

O : THOMA : PORRIGE . REGE : STANTES. : [lACENTES : ERIGE.J

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 319

Taking the book as a whole, however, as has been said before, its real
value lies in the part which is concerned with Calne itself. It is true
that the earlier history of the place— we get as far as the 16th century
in the first forty pages — is taken almost entirely from other books and

The Whitefield Chapel, Bradenstoke.

contains very little indeed that is new, but the municipal history from
the 16th century onwards is treated very fully and satisfactorily. Indeed
this is the best and strongest part of the book. The "obnoxious"
charter of James II., which was never acknowledged by the burgesses,
is printed in full in the appendix, from a copy at the Record Office. A
great part of the matter given in this connection comes from the "Burgus
Book or Book of th' accompte " begun by Philip Rich, town clerk and
vicar in 1561, which contains 500 or 600 pages, and records the receipts
and payments of the guild stewards, and is also occasionally used as the
minute book of the corporation.

All this portion of the book, as well as the appendices containing
extracts from lay subsidies and other rolls, showing the names of the
inhabitants of Calne in the reigns of Edward III., Henry VIII., Edward
VI., Elizabeth, and Charles I. — indents of guild stewards and mayors
from 1561 onwards — and the list of M.P.s from 1295 to 1885 — contains
a mass of information which is not to be found elsewhere.

The chapter on the architecture of the Church, written by Mr.
Brakspear, is again full and valuable. He is inclined to think that the
jamb and springer of a window visible in the wall above the second
pier of the nave arcade on the north side may be the sole remains of
the Saxon Church mentioned as existing here in Domesday.

The ecclesiastical history of the prebend of Calne is also fairly fully
dealt with. The chantries of St. Mary Magdalene and the B.V.M.
founded in the Parish Church by John St. Lo ; the benefaction of Sir

320 Recent Wiltshire Boohs, Pamphlets, and Articles.

Kobert Hungerford in 1336, giving to the Hospital and Priory of St.
John the Baptist "juxta Eldebrook," near the town of Calne, 40 acres
in Stock, Stockley, Quemerford, and Tasworth, on condition that mass
was said every day except Sundays and festivals at St. Edmund's altar

Old Chest in Calne Church.

in the Parish Church, for the soul of his mother ; translations of the
original terrier setting forth the visitation of Calne by the Dean of Sarum
as ordinary in 1405, and of the deed of augmentation of the vicarage,
executed in 1375, are among the most interesting points.

The history of Nonconformity in the place is also gone into, and in
this connection it is interesting to find that the Baptists still use the
pewter plates and cups which were given for the communion service by
Mr. Cue, of Compton Bassett, in 1710. It is worth while noting, too,
that Mr. Taylor, Baptist minister in 1776, states in his journal that the
Baptists, who under Charles II. were debarred from assembling at their
usual place of meeting, met sometimes under a white thorn bush near
Upper Whitley, which until 1803 — when it disappeared — was known as
" Gospel Bush." 1

Some interesting extracts from the churchwardens' accounts are given
in the appendix. Amongst them a couple of notices of the Church plate :
" one Challyce all Gylte wth a cover " being mentioned in the inventory
of V. Ed. VI., the said chalice being apparently mentioned again in 1576,
thus: " Keceived of Wm Goodwyne the Gouldsmy the when the Com-
munion Cupp was made of the old Challyce as overplus in weighte xvijs."
This is the first documentary evidence that has come to light of the fact

1 Does not this suggest that the "Gospel Oaks," &c, which have been
supposed by the Bishop of Bristol and others to point back to a remote period
when Christianity was first being introduced into England, are in many
cases more likely really to derive their name from the Nonconformists of
the 17th century ?— E.H.G.

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 321

so apparent from the study of the hall-marks of the Elizabethan Com-
munion cups in Wiltshire, that the date of the conversion of the "massing
chalice/' into the Communion cup in this county was in a large number
of cases 1576.

Another item of interest is the entry in 1789 : " P(1 for the Parson's
umbrella 0=14=0," which was doubtless not for the parson's personal
use, but for that of the parish.

The charities, schools, &c, are adequately written of, but the family
history of the place has but 20 pages assigned to it, and is really hardly
touched on. There are, however, pedigrees of Merewether and Ernie,
and some account of the Fynamores of Whetham. In connection with
the Blakes of Pinhills it is mentioned that in the farmhouse which suc-
ceeded the old moated mansion destroyed by Col. Lloyd on Dec. 28th,
1643 , the first vaccination performed in England is said to have taken place.

It should be noted that the illustration of the borough seal on page 66
purporting to be a copy of the illustration in the Visitation of Wiltshire
of 1623 is not so in point of fact, the name of the place appearing as
calm instead of caln, as it should be.

The publisher has been very generous in the matter of illustrations,
both in process blocks from photos, which vary a good deal in their
quality, and in pen-and-ink drawings by Miss May, some of which are
very pleasing. They are : Calne : Bird's-eye View of ; Old Butcher Bow ;
Facsimile of Elizabethan Burgess Oath ; Church Interior ; Old Town
Hall ; Castle House Exterior, Carved Stone Chimneypiece and Oak
Panelling, and Stained Glass Window ; the Church Exterior, Interior,
Roof of Nave, Ceiling of North Porch, Rere Arch of North Door, Ground-
plan, Parish Chest ; Map showing Common Lands in 1813 ; Lodge
Entrance to Bowood Drives ; a Bit of Calne Green ; New Town Hall ;
Courtyard of Lansdown Arms ; Borough Arms and Seal (2) ; Stocks ;
Chavey Well Bridges ; Snuff-box and Loving Cup belonging to Corpo-
ration ; Moss's Mill ; Boys' School and Green ; Bowood House, Bowood
Park ; Spye Park Gateway ; Lacock Abbey, View from S.E., South Side,
the Cloister ; Nuns' Cauldron ; Lacock Village, Ancient Houses (2) ;
Maud Heath's Monument ; Kelloway's Sundial and a bit of the Causey ;
Moravian Settlement, East Tytherton; Bradenstoke, Priory Undercroft,
North Side Exterior, the Whitefield Chapel ; Hilmarton Church, Exterior,
and Interior showing Screen and Squint ; Foxham Church ; Bromham
Churchyard, Moore's Tomb, Church Exterior ; Sloperton Cottage ;
Blackland House, The Great Oak, Church ; Heddington Church ; the
Wansdyke ; Cherhill, Barn Interior, Oldbury Camp and Cherhill White
Horse, Marks on Bells ; Calstone Church Exterior, Porch Niche ; Avebury.
Remains of Circles and Vallum, Remains of the " Cove," Church In-
terior showing Saxon Windows, Font ; Silbury Hill ; Stonehenge ;
Yatesbury Font ; Compton Bassett Church Rood Screen, Half-Hour
Glass, House, Marks on Bells; Beckhampton Gibbet ; Bremhill Church
Exterior, Gargoyles, Village Cross, Churchyard Cross ; Lyneham, Marks
on Bells; Derry Hill, Porch at; Portraits of John Pym and Lord
Edmond Fitzmaurice.

¥OL. XXXIII. — NO. CI.

Y

322 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

Long and appreciative review by E.D.G. in Wiltshire Advertiser,
June 2nd.

For the use of the blocks given here the Editor is indebted to the
kindness of Mr. R. S. Heath. "With the exception of the illustration of
Avebury they are of subjects which have not before been illustrated.

Roman RoadS in Britain, by Thomas Codrington, M. Inst. C.E.,
F.G.S., with a large chart of the Roman roads and small maps in the
text. S.P.C.K. 1903. 6f X 4^. Pp. iv. 392. Price 5s. nett.

In the introduction the author describes the mode of construction of
the Roman roads in Britain and then gives some account of the chief
ancient authorities upon them: — The Itinerary of Antonine, and its
various editions ; the Tabula Peutingeriana ; the Notitia ; and the
spurious Itinerary of Richard of Cirencester, first printed by Stukeley
in 1757, and accepted by him, and by Gough and Sir R. C. Hoare as
genuine. This last, although its spuriousness was fully demonstrated
by Prof. Mayor, in 1869, continues to influence the literature of the
Roman roads, and in the new Ordnance maps names of stations have
been entered which never existed except in Bertram's imagination. —
Indeed Mr. Codrington notes that the old Ordnance maps in this respect
are more trustworthy than the new, which often mark Roman roads for
which there is " little or no evidence or authority."

The author does not profess to mention all the remains of Roman
roads which are known. He follows the lines of the principal roads, and
of their well-ascertained branches, through the country, describing their
course in most cases with considerable minuteness, showing a wide
personal acquaintance with the various localities, as well as diligent
research in the literature of the subject.

Of the roads which enter Wiltshire, The Foss Way " is remarkable for
its direct course. From Lincoln, to the south-western traces of it beyond
South Petherton, in Somerset, no part is more than six miles away from
a straight line about 182 miles long." — "From four miles south of
Cirencester there is a straight course pointing to Bath for 17 miles, and
then a turn keeps the road on high ground till it descends from Banner
Down to join another Roman road before reaching Bath." " Between
Cirencester and Bath, 29 miles, there is not a village on it, and for long
distances it is a farm road or grass-grown." Its course through Wiltshire
is thus described : — " From Jackments Bottom onwards the Foss Road
is now a green road for 10 miles . . . It is 20 yards wide between
the fence walls for long lengths. Near Culkerton Down Wood there is
an embanked ridge five or six yards wide, and raised three, four, or five
feet, the ridge sloping about one in five, or one in six . . . There is
no trace of a paving or a stoned surface where the ridge is deeply cut
into by cart ruts. Further on the road is wide in places with high
hedges and timber trees shading it, and in other places it has been
narrowed, and is overgrown with bushes, and there is little or no trace
of a ridge. In the valley of the Anton at White Walls, about two-and-
a-half miles west of Malmesbury, are the Roman remains to which the

Recent Wiltshire Boohs, Pamphlet*, and Articles, 323

name Mutuantones (from the Kavenna list) was given by Sir R. C. Hoare.
A little further on, at Littlefield, the Foss Road is stopped up for a
quarter of a mile, one of the very few places where that has taken place.
At Lord's Wood Farm the green road ends for a time, a parish highway
taking the course, and about one-and-a-quarter miles further on this has
lately been cut through in making the railway to the Severn Tunnel
without any indications of a Roman road being found, or indeed any
evident traces of a made road on the stony subsoil. Hereabouts there
is very little evidence that the old road was raised above the surface. A
narrow modern road continues to run between hedges 20 yards apart
where there is no encroachment, as far as the turn to Grittleton, near
Dunley Farm, and then a green road is entered upon, 18 or 20 yards
wide between the hedges, but in places overgrown with ferns, briars, and
nut bushes, so that a dogcart can hardly pass. This continues for one-
and-a-quarter miles, to Foss Gate, where a modern highway from
Grittleton joins, and three-quarters of a mile further on, after crossing
the Gatcombe valley, the parish and county boundaries which have
followed the Foss for nearly 11 miles, cease to do so for a mile-and-a-
quarter . . . near North Wraxall the south end of the 16^ miles of
nearly straight road is reached, and there is a slight turn towards the east."

Of the Wiltshire portion of the Winchester a?id Old Sarum Road the
author says : — " The present road then joins the course of the Roman
road which lies in a straight line between Farley monument . . . and
Middle Winterslow . . . The old Ordnance map shows the ridge for
the greater part of the way and traces remain beyond Buckholt Farin
and towards Winterslow, where the present road leaves the line . . .
From Middle Winterslow the ridge of the old road is shown on the old
Ordnance map winding down the steep hill and then running straight
for three miles across the lower ground, over Winterbourne Gunner
Down and through Stack Bottom on Winterbourne Down, half-a-mile
south of Figsbury Rings. The traces of the ridge are now effaced in the
low ground, and a good deal of the down has been ploughed up, but on
Winterbourne Down it is still to be seen for a mile-and-a-half. There is
then a bend, and the road makes straight for the south side of the inner
mound of Old Sarum. It crosses the Bourne at Winterbourne Ford,
and the lane which now marks the course may be seen from the railway,
running straight up to Winterbourne Down. A lane continues on
westward straight to Old Sarum, followed for one mile by a parish
boundary."

" The road from Silchester to Old Sarum, ealled the Portway, lies
straight between the south side of Quarley Hill and the south side of the
central mound of Old Sarum, ten miles off . . . The present road
occupies the course for about half-a-mile and then there is a track over
the downs, generally a slightly-raised grass-covered ridge, but in places
worn down to the flint surface of the old road. In about a mile the
railway approaches it on the south and runs close alongside it for three-
and-a-half miles to near Idmiston ... on the down on the east of
Idmiston the ridge of the road remained inside the railway fence until

Y 2

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

the railway was lately widened. At the descent into the Idmiston valley
the track of the Koman road leaves the railway and diverges somewhat
from the straight course in crossing the valley. It is shown on the old
Ordnance map running the same straight line and passing round a
barrow, but all traces of road and barrow are now effaced by ploughing.
Through Porton and Gumbleton the course of the road is uncertain, but
on the other side of the Bourne valley it is shown by a line of highways
and tracks pointing straight to the south side of the central mound of
Old Sarum, and continuing to within half-a-mile of it. A straight line
from Silchester to Old Sarum passes a mile to the south of the Roman
road, at Quarley Hill, where the road lies farthest away from a straight
line in the thirty-six miles between those places. It is to be noticed
that this road, the Roman road from Winchester, and that on to the west,
all three point to the inner of the two immense concentric ramparts of
Old Sarum. The outer ring, which is supposed to have been strengthened
by Alfred, has a mean diameter of about 520 yards."

" Old Sarum to the West. The course of this road for the first 3 \
miles across the valleys of the Avon and the Wily is uncertain. A ford
and causeway across the Wily about a quarter of a mile below South
Newton Mill, may possibly mark the crossing of that river. Sir R. C.
Hoare described this road and gave a map of it, which is based on the
old Ordnance survey with additions and slight alterations. Then, as
now, the first traces of the Roman road appear on a ridge issuing from
the north-east side of Groveley Wood, pointing to the ramparts of Old
Sarum, and according to Sir R. C. Hoare it continued an uninterrupted
course through thick copse wood for several miles until it made its exit
near Dinton Beeches, and he speaks of its well-known course. The
old Ordnance map and Sir R. C. Hoare's both show the ridge in a straight
line between the south side of the inner rampart of Old Sarum, and the
high ground near Dinton Beeches, and then on in nearly the same straight
line through Stockton Wood and Great Ridge Wood to a quarter of a
mile north of Lower Pertwood Farm, 16J miles from Old Sarum. The
new Ordnance map marks its course through Groveley Wood, where it
is now very difficult to follow it, by a dotted line, not straight, but
changing its direction at Groveley Lodge, and bending in the wood to
get to Dinton Beeches ; and beyond, what is a very crooked ditch and
bank on the south of Stockton Wood and Great Ridge Wood is marked
Roman road. Sir R. C. Hoare carefully mapped and described both the
ditch and the road, and he found the latter beyond Dinton Beeches
distinguishable across arable fields by a line of large flints, and passing
into Stockton Wood, where he shows it on his map of the Stockton
earthworks. It is not now traceable, but there is little doubt that the
true line of the Roman road is that laid down on the old Ordnance map.
Near Lower Pertwood Farm the ridge is shown on the old Ordnance
map, and it is described by Sir R. C. Hoare as passing round a tumulus
in its course. Beyond that traces of the road are lost ; Sir R. C. Hoare
conjectured that the course was along a road north of Kingston Deverill,
and then confesses himself at fault for a very considerable distance ; and

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 325

the course he gives by Maiden Bradley and East Cranmore to the Mendip
Hills appears to have little evidence on the ground, or from parish
boundaries. The old Ordnance map shows a piece of ridge nearly in
the line of the ridge at Lower Pertwood, on Long Knoll, one mile south
of Maiden Bradley. A parish boundary follows the ridge, which points
to a barrow on the west end of the Knoll. It is six miles from the ridge
near Lower Pertwood, and there are no traces of the road beyond."

"Old Sarum to Badbury. This road quitted Old Sarum on a line
straight from the south side to the crossing of Bokerly Dyke, 10 miles
distant. A lane called Portlane leads to a ford south of Stratford-sub-
Castle, where the Roman road crossed the Avon near Coldharbour Farm,
and a track and Folly Lane mark the course on in the same line to
Bemerton, where Stukeley tells us a stony ford over the Nadder was
still very perfect. A road up to Wilton Racecourse along which a parish
boundary runs, follows the line, and beyond, a green track through
ploughed land, a track across the down, and a lane, mark the course to
near Toney Stratford, where the river Ebble was crossed. A track now
a good deal defaced, leads on to high ground, one mile S.S.W. of Bishop-
stone, where a remarkable diversion from the straight line begins. The
latter was no doubt laid out from points on the high ground intermediate
between Old Sarum and Bokerly Dyke, but if it had been followed it
would have crossed in the space of a mile and a half three steep-sided
combes, 150 to 250 feet deep, separated by two spurs" of similar
height, before regaining the 500 feet level. . . . The straight line
was therefore departed from, and the road was kept on the high ground
to the south of the combes. The ridge of the road is shown on the old
Ordnance map for nearly the whole length of the diversion. Sir R. C.
Hoare described it some years later as in very perfect form on the
dOwn, and traces still remain. A narrow lane, and a track beside a hedge
where the land has been ploughed up now mark the course. . . .
The course of the road where it resumes the same straight line as before
is now marked by a track along a hedgerow N.W. of Knighton Woods,
where traces of a paving are marked on the new six-inch Ordnance map,
and by Vernditch Woods to the down, where the embankment is very
conspicuous, and the ditches at the side remain, including which the
total width is about 20 yards. A parish boundary follows the ridge here
for a mile-and-a-half. Where the embankment is away from the modern
road it remains almost perfect, about 5J yards wide at top, and as much
as six or seven feet high, and where a drove way has been cut through
it shows a coating of Tertiary gravel two feet six inches to three feet
thick. This must have been brought some four or five miles from the
south."

Winchester to Cunetio and Wanborough. " To keep on the high ground
the Roman road, still well defined, bends westward and skirts round
the heads of the two branches of the combe by Chute Heath and Scots
Poor, bending round to the north and north-east until a prolongation of
the original line is reached, more than two miles from where it was
quitted. This remarkable bend is roughly a half-circle of one mile

326 Remit Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

radius, and is followed for a mile by the county boundary between Wilts
and Berks. The ridge of the road is still very plain over Chute Heath,
raised three or four feet above the surface, and six or seven yards wide.
The semicircle ends near Tidcombe, and another straight line is entered
upon which lies between Haydown Hill, near Fosbury Camp, and
Barbury Castle, 16 miles distant. Highways having parish boundaries
along them for 1^ miles and traces of the ridge, mark the course of the
road from near Tidcombe by Marten and Crofton to Savernake Forest,
and the ridge is shown on the old Ordnance map nearly on to Savernake
house, close to which Sir E. C. Hoare found it visible. The course
continues through the forest, on the north-east of the avenue, and nearly
parallel with it. On reaching the high ground on the southern edge of
the Kennet valley the road takes a more northerly direction, and it can
be seen on the north side of the valley rising up from Werg, where the
river was crossed, to Poulton Down. The Roman stcition Cunetio, at
Folly Farm . . . lies to the west of the prolongation of the straight
line from Haydown . . . From the north side of the Kennet valley
the course of the road is almost straight for 6^ miles to the edge of the
chalk escarpment between Badbury and Chisledon. It is marked by a
line of highways up to Poulton Down, across which is a green track with
the ridge almost entirely effaced ... A lane follows the line to
Ogbourne, from which onwards the Roman road was evident when Sir
R. C. Hoare saw the turnpike road being made in 1818. There is a very
slight turn at a high point near Whitefield Farm, and beyond a parish
boundary runs along the road for a mile. Near Badbury the road bends
to the east, and descends into the valley ; and it then lies straight between
a high point on the edge of the escarpment and the point of junction
with the Roman road from Speen ... A parish boundary runs
along the present road for f -mile towards the junction of the Roman
roads 3 miles due east of Swindon Station."

Silchester to Speen, Bath, and South Wales. From Speen to Cunetio
there is little or no trace of the road. " It probably followed the line of
the Bath road, and continued on by Rudge to the north of Hill Barn,
on the south side of the Kennet valley about f-mile to the east of
Mildenhall where the ridge remains on the down. Sir R. C. Hoare, in
his map of Cunetio, shows the Roman road onwards to the lane at
Cockatrip Cottage . . . There are no indications of the Roman road
onwards towards Marlborough . . . The first trace of the road is
three miles further on, near West Overton, where a short length of the
ridge is shown on the old Ordnance map at the north side of the Bath
road, and it is still traceable. A little further on Sir R. C. Hoare ob-
served the causeway 5 feet high and 18 or 20 feet wide, and the ditches
were distinct in 1884. The road passed round Silbury Hill on the south
side . . . From Silbury the course is straight for 2£ miles to a
point on a spur of Calston Hill. A slight curve brings the road in 1^
miles to the 700 feet contour line on the north side of Morgan's Hill,
along which it is carried on a terrace about 5 yards wide cut into and
embanked upon the slope of the hill . . . From the junction of

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 327

Wansdyke the course of the Eoman road is in a straight line between
the top of Morgan's Hill and the south end of Lansdowne, 18 miles
distant . . . Beyond the Calne and Devizes Koad the ground falls,
and cultivated land is entered upon, and a hedgerow followed by a parish
boundary marks the line, and there is little other trace of road or dyke
for ]i miles, when it appears more plainly for half-a-mile to the south
of Stockley . . . Hedges followed by parish boundaries continue the
line, and looking back from near Wans a straight line of hedges can be
seen rising out of the lower ground towards Morgan's Hill. On nearing
Wans the hedgerow and parish boundary bend towards the north, and
soon the latter is the only trace now left of the Roman road, though
Sir R. C. Hoare's map (1819) shows the ridge to within f of a mile of
the lane, which the parish boundary joins about 60 yards south of the
cross-roads and follows across the Calne road. Then the ridge of the
Roman road is plain in the belt of trees on the east of the grounds of Wans
House . . . The ridge bends round to the house, and there it is
effaced for 200 yards ; but the parish boundary marks the line of it on
the Chippenham road ... At the Chippenham road Spye Park is
entered, and for about 300 yards, where the ground was formerly
ploughed, a low undulation of the surface. is all that remains of the
ridge. It then appears plain for ^ mile, five or six yards across the top
and four or five feet high, having on the north side traces of a ditch with
a ramp or counterscarp outside, showing the modification of the road by
the makers of Wansdyke. A steep-sided valley appears to have been
crossed by winding up stream and back again to the same line . . .
The ridge continues for a quarter-of-a-mile on to another valley, beyond
which there are no further traces within the park . . . There are
some indications of the ridge outside the park, and in less than a mile a
line of hedgerows with remains of the ridge here and there and followed
by parish boundaries takes up the same straight line for upwards of 8
miles. From Bowden Hill the entire course to Ashley Wood is in sight."

Sjpeen to Gloucester. This road enters the county at Baydon, where
" it re-joins the present road and follows it through Baydon. In the
beginning of the 19th century the Roman road is described by Bishop
Bennett as presenting an elevated crest raised many feet above the
downs in various parts. Beyond Baydon a parish boundary follows the
present road for a mile and continues on in the same straight line for
§ mile further to Peak's Down and then the Roman road is traceable
across the down in the direction of Wanborough Plain Farm . . .
The road thence turns due N.W., and runs straight for Calla's Hill,
\ mile to the E. of Wanborough, and then a straight road is entered
upon which passes through Stratton St. Margaret's, to Blunsdon Hill,
seven miles distant. On this length of road \\ miles from Stratton St.
Margaret, and three miles due east of Swindon Station is the junction
of the Roman road from Winchester. . . On Blunsdon Hill there is
a slight turn and a straight road runs to Calcott Bridge, near Cricklade.
There is now an interval of nearly a mile at Cricklade, in which, how-
ever, portions of a causeway across the meadows were dug up at the end

328 fiecent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

of the 18th century. Parish boundaries run along the road from Blunsdon
to Seven Bridges, Water Eaton. From the N.W. of Cricklade a straight
road runs for 3| miles to Driffield Cross. From Wanborough Plain Farm,
where there is a decided change in the general direction, to Cirencester,
no part of the road is as much as half-a-mile away from an absolutely
straight line 19 miles long. The road here bears the name of the Ermin
Way."

This most useful book closes with a chapter on such evidence as exists
as to the respective ages of the different Roman roads.

Reviewed Bristol and Gloucestershire Areliceological Society's
Transactions, vol. xxvi., 198.

" Asser'S Life Of King Alfred, Together with the Annals of
St. Neots erroneously ascribed to Asser. Edited with Introduction and
Commentary by William Henry Stephenson, M. A., late Fellow of Exeter
College, Oxford." Clarendon Press, 1904. 12 shillings nett.

Preface, pages i. — viii. ; Introduction, p. xi. — exxxi.; Text, Commentary,
and Index, 1 — 386 pp.

This, says the Editor, is an attempt to supply one of the great wants
in our early historical literature, a critical edition of the text of the Life
of Alfred, and an endeavour to decide the question of its authenticity.
To review this book is beyond the province of this Magazine, but it will
be useful to summarize the conclusions at which he arrives as to the
Wiltshire localities mentioned in this life.

As to its authenticity the editor is convinced that although there may
be no very definite proof that the work was written by Asser, Bishop of
Sherborne, in the lifetime of King Alfred, there is no anachronism or
other proof that it is a spurious compilation of later date.

The part which concerns Wiltshire is that which deals with the
movements of Alfred which ended in the battle of Edington.

Mr. Stevenson without any preconceived theory or prepossession
judiciously weighs the arguments which have been advanced for and
against several sites. With true scientific scholarship he deals with the
questions of etymology, and disposes of the wild guesses which have
defiled the work of previous writers, especially that of Dr. Clifford,
formerly Roman Catholic Bishop of Clifton. Where are Petra Aegbryhta,
Ecgbryhtes Stan of the Chronicle ; Aecglea, or Iglea, which is the better
form ; Ethandun ? It is gratifying to find that with regard to Ecgbryht's
Stone Mr. Stevenson takes the view which was lately advocated in this
Magazine (vol. xxxiii., pp. 113 — 114, note), and for the same reason,
namely, that of the laws of etymology. As was pointed out there, and
as Mr. Stevenson says here, Hoare cannot be quoted as identifying it
with Brixton Deverill, because he contradicts himself in two consecutive
pages. The passage in his Modern Wilts, Hundred of Heytesbury, p. 3,
is one, among others, which he did not revise. (See p. 4 and Hundred
of Warminster, p. 46.) Thus the editor rejects Brixton Deverill; and
he does not favour Canon Jackson's view, which has found some support

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 329

of late, that the stone is in the parish of Westbury, near Fairwood
House, by the side of the railway ; and on this point he shows how
untrustworthy are the modern Ordnance maps, with " Erbright's-stone "
in the six-inch, and " Cebright's Stone " in the one-inch. Anyone who
uses the Ordnance maps knows how carelessly the place-names have
been dealt with. He decides that the place was near Penselwood, and
mentions a " Bound stone" marked in Smith's County Atlas of 1804, in
the maps of Somerset and Dorset, at a point where the boundaries of
these counties meet those of Wilts. Bishop Clifford's identification of
the place with " White Sheet Castle," between Mere and Stourton he
regards as fantastic ; still, Bishop Clifford is nearer to the truth in this
localising of the spot than others who find a place further east, and he
has not fallen into the Brixton Deverill error, as Mr. Plummer has done
in his recent life of Alfred, following that most unfortunate piece of
carelessness on the part of Hoare. Aecglea, or Iglea, he finds in Hey
Wood, a portion of Southleigh Wood, in Warminster parish ; and sup-
ports it by etymological and historical arguments ; Cley Hill, near
Warminster, is declared to be impossible phonetically, and Higbleigh
Common, near Melksham, which was suggested by Whitaker in 1809,
he rejects. Ethandun he identifies with Edington, as Camden did. As
to the attempts of Bishop Clifford to prove that Edington in Somerset
is the site {Somerset Arch, and Nat. Hist. Soc. Proceedings, 1877, p. 20,
part ii., pp. 1 — 27), he says " The whole article is of a very imaginative
and unsatisfactory nature, built upon improbable assumptions, baseless
identification of sites, impossible etymologies, and shows a general lack
of critical restraint." Nor is Eddington, in the parish of Hungerford,
Berks, possible, for that can be shown to be Eadgife-tun, " Eadgifu's-
town." The Berkshire archaeologists come off as badly as the Somerset.
The great argument in favour of Edington, Wilts, is, that none of the
other places now called Edington or Eddinton ever bore the name of
Ethandun, while this Edington almost certainly did.

Lastly, he discusses the claims of Slaughterford. Whitaker, in his
edition of the Life of St. Neot, in 1809, stated Slaughterford to be the
site of the battle of Ethandun. Gough, in his edition of Camden's
Britannia, had mentioned the Slaughterford tradition that the village
was the site of a great slaughter of the Danes. This remark came from
the MSS. of John Aubrey, the Wiltshire antiquary. Mr. Stevenson
replies "Before the Civil Wars most reputed battlefields were assigned
by the rustic traditions to the Danes, and in this case the tradition was
strengthened by the growth about Slaughterford of the plant known as
Danes' Blood (the dwarf Elder, Sambucus ebulus) , which is still popularly
supposed to grow only on spots that have been the scene of fights with
the Danes. In the present case there can be no doubt that the tradition
is aetiological. Illustrations of this belief will be found in the Dialect
Dictionary under the article " Danes'-blood " ; and the story is meant to
account for the colour of the juice, and is just a heightened way of ex-
pressing Virgil's

4 Sanguineis ebuli baccis' (Eclog. x. 27) we think.

330 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

The etymology and meaning of ' slaughter ' show that it is not as old as
the ninth ;century ; and the name of the village was generally written
Slaughtenford till the beginning of the nineteenth century ; but the fact
that early forms with r, not n, are sometimes found, points to the
derivation from slahporn, blackthorn."

Such are some of the results of Mr. Stevenson's fine, sober, and critical
scholarship.

Reviewed Bristol and Gloucestershire Arch ecological Society's
Transactions, vol. xxvi., 200; Guardian, June 8th, 1904.

J. U. Powell.

Wiltshire Notes and Queries, No. 43, September, 1903.

The first article on Isaac Walton and his connection with Wiltshire re-
produces, with additions, a note which appeared in the Connoisseur for
September with an illustration of a carved oak bracketed cupboard with
the name Isaac Walton and the date 1672 upon it. Isaac Walton, junior,
his son, was domestic chaplain to Bishop Seth Ward, Rector of Boscombe
1679, Rector of Poulshot 1680 — 1719, and held successively the prebends
of Yatesbury, Bishopstone, and Netheravon. He died Dec. 29th, 1719,
and lies buried in Salisbury Cathedral.

Dr. Hamlyn Hill appeals for any notes bearing on the history of
Erchfont, and MissE. M. Thompson commences a series of abstracts of
Erchfont records which promise to be as valuable as those of Bratton,
which she has just completed. Quaker Birth Records and a Calendar
of Feet of Fines for Wiltshire are continued, as are also the notes on
Dugdale of Seend, with the Will of Thomas Dugdale, of Bath, 1754,
which is printed in full. Other wills printed in this number are those
of Thomas Bundy, 1492 ; William Trenchard, 1591 ; and Francis
Trenchard, 1622. The notes on the Wiltshire entries in the Complete
Peerage are continued. A number full of good material.

Ditto, No. 44, Dec, 1903.

Mr. Kite's article on Place House, Melksham, and its Owners, is con-
tinued for 13 pages with a valuable folding pedigree of Selfe. He deals
with the Beanacre property in this number, owned by Whittokesmedes
and Daniells, before it belonged to Isaac Selfe Sen. (1564 — 1656). Of
the 15th century house, still standing, a nice general view is given, as
also another of the early 17th century house which so closely adjoins
it, built by Isaac Selfe, sen. The wills of three others of the same name,
whe died in 1682, 1733, and 1741, are printed at length. Mr. T. G. J.
Heathcote follows with a note on Thomas Selfe, of Cadley, inMelksham,
extending to seven pages. The valuable series of Erchfont Records, the
Quaker Birth Records, and Calendar of Feet of Fines are continued, and
" A.S.M." contributes a note on John Noyes, Burgess of Calne in 1603,
with a short pedigree of Noyes of Erchfont, and also a review of Canon
Wordsworth's recently published Cartulary of St. Nicholas' Hospital,
Salisbury, in which he clears up some small points which remained

Recent Wiltshire Boohs, Pamphlets, and Articles. 331

obscure in the book, e.g., identifying Bentlywood with Howe Farm in
West Deane.

Wiltshire Notes and Queries, a review, in The Ancestor,

No. 6, July, 1603, gives warm praise to Mr. Arthur Schomberg's editor-
ship, and the contents of the volume under review.

Reminiscences of the late Thomas Assheton Smith,
a famous Poxhunter,or the Pursuits of an English

Country Gentleman, by Sir John E. Eardley-Wilmot, Bart.
Sixth edition, with portrait and other illustrations, and an introduction
by Sir Herbert Maxwell, Bart., M.P. K. A. Everett & Co., 42, Essex
Street, Strand, London. MCMII. Cloth. 7^ X 5. Pp. xiii.,
303. Illustrations : — Portrait of T. Assheton Smith from painting by
Cooper — Hall Table at Tedworth House — Portrait of " Gayman " —
Part of Principal Entrance to Stables at Tedworth — Foxes' Heads on
Kennel Door at Tedworth — Mr. Smith's Steam Yacht " Sea Serpent" —
T. A. Smith on " Ayston," with Dick Burton, his huntsman, and some
favourite hounds.

" The Church of our Fathers, as seen in S. Osmund's
Rite for the Cathedral of Salisbury, with dissertations

on the Belief and Ritual in England before and after the coming of the
Normans." By Daniel Rock, D.D. New edition in four volumes.
Edited by G. W. Hart and W. H. Frere. Vol. I. London; John
Hodges. 1903. 9 x 6. Price 12*. per volume. Vols. II., III., IV.,
1904, pp. 419, 416, 339.

Noticed, Antiquary, May, 1903.

Some Particulars Relating to a Charity called The

Broad TOWn Charity, in the County of Wilts : founded by Her
Grace Sarah, Duchess Dowager of Somerset, deceased, for Apprenticing
Poor Male Children, with extracts from the will of the Noble Foundress ;
the Proceedings in Chancery, and the Deeds of Trust, also the Present
Rules and Orders as altered from time to time, for the management of the
Charity ; compiled for the use of the Trustees by their obliged and
obedient servant, James E. G. Bradford, Steward and Receiver of the
Rents and Revenues of the said Charity. Swindon. 1904. Astill &
Sons, Printers, Swindon." Cloth. x 5J. Pp. 42. Printed only on
one side. Lists of the Trustees from 1758 are given.

Roman Remains at Brokenborough. in a rare little

pamphlet entitled " Malmesbury, olim V by Uncle John," i.e., Richard
Grant "White, the " Outis " of Notes and Queries, of which thirty-six
copies only were privately printed at Lausanne in 1872, it is stated on
page 12, that great numbers of Roman coins and trinkets have been

332 jRccent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

ploughed up from time to time at Brokenborough or Twatly, two miles
from Malmesbury, the greater number of the coins coming into the
possession of Mr. Henry Hanks, Postmaster of Malmesbury.

The J ervoises of Herriard and Britford, by h. f. t.

Jervoise. A paper of thirteen pages, with six illustrations of family
portraits and two reproductions from MS. cartulary of 1551. The
Ancestor, No. 3, December, 1902.

This is an important sketch of the history of this old Wessex family
by the present head of the house. The first named Jerveys is found at
Kidderminster. His son Kichard settled in London in the early part of
the sixteenth century, and became alderman in 1543 and sheriff three
years later. He amassed great wealth as a mercer, and among the
manors that he purchased in various parts of England was Britford, near
Salisbury, which, after the lapse of three centuries and a half is still in
the hands of his descendants. .Richard's grandson, Sir Thomas Jervoise,
dubbed knight by James I. at Salisbury in 1611, made a great match
with the heiress of Powlett of Herriard. He and his three sons fought
on the Parliament side in the Civil War. To him succeeded another
Thomas, High Sheriff for Hants and knight of the shire. A fourth
Thomas built the present house at Herriard. His grandson, Tristram,
who lived at Britford, spent much money in improving that estate, and
re-purchased Stratford Tony, which his grandfather had sold to pay
electioneering expenses. Tristram died unmarried and the estates passed
to his younger brother, George. In another generation the name of
Jervoise would have died out but that George's daughter and only
surviving child, the heir of Herriard and Britford, gave the old name to
her husband, whose great grandson has written this short outline of the
history of his people. Extracts from the household books and letters of
Sir Thomas Jerveys and an inventory of the goods of Sir Bichard
Powlett are given at the close of this valuable article. E. E. D.

Salisbury. " Notes on Two Nevill Shields at Salisbury: by the Rev.
E. E. Dorling. Three pages, one illustration. The Ancestor, No. 8,
January, 1904.

A short account of two remarkable pieces of armorial glass in the
" Halle of John Halle," Messrs. Watson's china warehouse, on the New
Canal, at Salisbury. The shields are those of Richard Nevill, Earl of
Salisbury, and his son, the King maker, and were put up about the year
1470. Two monochrome reproductions of measured drawings by the
writer of the article are given. These shields are of great interest and
importance as genuine examples of fifteenth century armory. That of
the] elder Nevill is a quartered coat of four grand quarters : 1st and 4th,
the indented fess of Montagu quartered with Monthermers' eagle ; 2nd I ]
and 3rd, the silver saltire on gules of Neville differenced with the gobony
label silver and azure, which he employed in token of his Beaufort descent.
The great Earl of Warwick's shield is one of the most remarkable of the
many displays of his arms, being quarterly of seven coats arranged in

Recent Wiltshire Boohs, Pamphlets, and Articles. 333

three columns, the two outermost containing Beauchamp above Nevill
and Monthermer over Despencer respectively, while the middle column
has Newburgh between Montagu and Clare.

Salisbury Cathedral. "Notes on the Montagu Monument in
Salisbury Cathedral " ; by the Eev. E. E. Dorling. Three pages, two
illustrations. The Ancestor, No. 6, July, 1903.

A short article, illustrated by two phototype views of the altar-tomb of
Sir John Montagu, second son of William, first Earl of Salisbury of the
1337 creation, and father of John, the third Earl. The tomb, with its
recumbent efiigy of the knight and the series of Montagu coats which
afford most important evidence of the armorial practice of the fourteenth
century are minutely described.

Maiden Bradley. "Historical Notes on Maiden Bradley and the
Neighbourhood," beginning in the Wilts County Mirror of Jan. 8th,
1904, and continued on January 15th, 22nd, and 29th, February 5th,
12th, and 26th, March 4th, 18th, and 25th, April 8th and 29th, and May
13th.

The geology and water supply of the neighbourhood is first treated at
length, with the knowledge of an expert (a rare thing in articles in local
papers). The writer then attacks the far more debatable subject of the
derivation of the word " Maiden." He begins by saying that it is the
only example of its use in the County of Wilts, and that it occurs for
the first time in the hundred rolls in 1273, and then goes at great length
into the various derivations that have been proposed : (a) the Celtic
"maen" — (b) the derivation from Margaret, d. of Manasser Biset, the
founder of the hospital, and herself a benefactress to it in 1210 — (c) the
derivation from the B.V.M. the dedication of the chapel of the priory
having been to SS. Mary and Lazarus — (d) the derivation lately advo-
cated in the Antiquary from the "Leprous Maidens " of the hospital.
The author discusses the arguments in each case, and gives a great
number of the earliest references to the place from the public records
and Keports of the Historical MSS. Commission, maintaining that its
earliest use was by the priory alone, and was applied only to the property
of the priory. He then proceeds to elaborate his own derivation. The
field names are dealt with at some length, and the ancient fairs on May
6th and Oct. 2nd are described and what is known of their history is
told. In this connection the game of " Bumball Poopey," as played at
some of the inns, is described — a form of skittles in which the ball was
suspended from the ceiling and swung round at the end of its rope.

IVEallliesbury Abbey was visited by the Bristol and Gloucestershire
Archaeological Society on May 25th, 1903, and the account of the ex-
cursion is fully given in their Transactions for 1903, vol. xxvi., 1 — 16, with
process views of the North Side ; North Doorway ; South Porch ;
Easternmost Clerestory Window, South Side ; Interior, South Side ;

334 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

and South-East, showing Kuins of South Transept ; as well as a Ground-
plan by Mr. Brakspear. The Bishop of Bristol contributes a short
account of town and abbey, and Mr. H. Brakspear writes a good archi-
tectural account of the building. Mr. F. Were gives an interesting note
on the heraldry, maintaining that the royal arms on the screen (now
the reredos) are the early supporters of Henry VIII. and not those of
Henry VII., as has been generally stated, the supporters being the
hound as the dexter and the dragon as the sinister supporter. (In
Henry the Seventh's case their positions were reversed.) Amongst the
badges on the screen is the pomegranate of Katherine of Arragon.

SherstOll was also visited on the same occasion ; and the account of it
occupies pp. 16 — 26 in the Transactions. There are process illustrations
of the Church, South Side ; the Kattlebone Figure ; five Corbel Heads in
the Church; and " Eattlebones' Chest." The notes on the history of
the place and of the Church are good, the architecture of the latter being
fully and carefully described. No fresh light seems to have been thrown
on the date of the Kattlebone figure, Mr. St. Clair Baddeley, however,
expressed the opinion that it was not of Pre-Norman date, though
perhaps of the eleventh century.

Old Wiltshire Crimes. The Wiltshire Advertiser, January 28th,
1904, gives an account of the hanging of four men for sheep stealing,
two for horse stealing, and one for highway robbery at the Lent assizes
of 1801. At the summer assizes of the same year three men were hanged
for sheep stealing and one for stealing a calf. Others were hanged for
like offences in 1802 and 1803, and in the latter year Thomas Hilliker
was hanged for leading an attack on Littleton cloth mill in Steeple
Ashton and burning it at the time of the riots against the introduction of
machinery in cloth making. {Wilts Advertiser, Feb. 4th, 1904.) Many
other executions for horse and cattle stealing and highway robbery in
1804, 1805, 1806, were mentioned in the issues of Feb. 18th and May 5th,
1904. That of April 7 th contains the story of the execution at Warminster
Common on the 15th March, 1813, of George Carpenter and George
Buddock for the murder of Mr. Webb and Mary Gibbons, his servant,
at Roddenbury, and of the extraordinary procession to the place of
execution, consisting of detachments of the yeomanry, two thousand
peace officers and gentlemen on foot with white wands, the magistrates
of the division, and one hundred gentlemen on horseback, the minister
of Warminster, &c, &c, &c.

BOWOOd. " The Guitar Player Surprised," by Watteau, from the Marquis
of Lansdowne's collection, was sold at Christie's on March 26th, 1904,
to Messrs. Lawrie & Co., for 2400 guineas. Times', Devizes Gazette,
March 31st, 1904.

Charity Enquiries. Chippenham, Devizes Gazette, March 31st, 1904.
Bishopstone (North Wilts), Little Hinton, Lyddington, Wanborough,

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 335

Wootton Bassett, Stratton St. Margaret, North Wilts Herald, Dec.
4th, 1903. Great Cheverell, West Lavington, Market Lavington,
Devizes Gazette, and Wiltshire Advertiser, May 19th, 1904. Biddeston
and Corsham, Devizes Gazette, May 26th, 1904.

MOOre'S Grave at BrOUlham. The Devizes Gazette reprints a
long article by F. MacDonagh in The Irish Packet on the present
neglected condition of Moore's grave at Bromham (occasioned by a
letter from the Rev. A. S. Hartigan, now curate of the parish, asking
for a small sum from Irishmen to repair it). Mr. MacDonagh finds
great fault with the erection of the window in the Church to Moore's
memory some years ago, on the ground that he died a Roman Catholic
and not a Protestant, as has been stated, and proposes that the simple
slab in the churchyard shall now be replaced by a worthy national Irish
memorial to his memory. Other letters on the subject appeared in the
Devizes Gazette, and an article on " The Religion of Moore" in the
Irish Packet, Feb. 27th, 1904.

Longleat. The visit of George III. and Queen Charlotte to Longleat in
1789 and the story of the Wiltshire shepherd, Richard Daphney of
Brixton Deverill, who was sent to take charge of the royal flock at
Windsor, is told in the Wiltshire Times, Jan. 2nd, 1904.

Great Somerfbrd Church. A considerable work of repair, chiefly
affecting the porch and tower, has been lately completed under Mr.
Brakspear's superintendence, during which fragments of an earlier
Norman Church were discovered. Devizes Gazette, Jan. 14th, 1904.

Great Durilford Church. A notice of the work of restoration
now being carried out, and of the discovery of a window earlier than
the Norman work of about 1100, is given in the Amesbury Deanery
Magazine for March, and reprinted in Wilts County Mirror, Feb. 26th,
1904.

" The Voyage of William Longespee, Earle of

Sarisburie, into Asia, in the yeere 1248, and in the 32 yeere of
the Reigne of Henry the Third King of England." The story of the
Earl of Salisbury accompanying the army of the French King to Egypt,
and of his death there, is told in pp. 353 — 358 of vol. iv. of " The Principal
Navigations, Voyages . . . by Pichard Hakluyt." 1904.

" The Travailes of Hubert Walter, Bishop of Saris-
burie." ibid, PP. 346, 347.

Wootton Bassett Maces and Sword. These have lately

been placed permanently on view in the Town Hall, after having been
practically invisible for many years. Devizes Gazette, March 10th; Wilts
and Gloucester Standard, March 5th, 1904.

336 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

VoiSterne Manor, Wootton Bassett. A note on residents and owners
of this house, by Mr. W. F. Parsons, appears in Devizes Gazette, March
10th, 1904.

Wiltshire. The History of the County in 1903.

Long articles in Devizes Gazette, Dec. 31st, 1903, January 7th, 1904.
This claims to be the only history of the county as a whole published by
any local paper within the county. It seems to be carefully compiled
and very fairly complete.

Salisbury ; South Wilts and Blackmore Museums.

The proceedings at a general meeting held on Jan. 28th, 1904, to receive
the new scheme for the administration of the late Mr. W. D. Wilkes'
bequest are reported in Salisbury Journal, Jan. 30th, and Wilts County
Mirror, Jan. 29th, 1904.

Salisbury. LOCal Events Of 1903. Salisbury Journal,
Dec. 26th, 1903.

Salisbury and South Wilts. Local Diary for 1903.

Wilts County Mirror. Dec. 25th, 1903.

Maps of the Country round Salisbury, with small views of Salisbury
Cathedral and Stonehenge ; two postcards, published by John Walker
& Co.

Swindon. A series of short articles on Swindon Past and Present, its
Civic History, its Principal Institutions, and Public Buildings, and more
especially the History of the Swindon Advertiser newspaper, giving a
great deal of information on the subjects dealt with, appeared in the
jubilee supplement of the Swindon Advertiser, Feb. 5th, 1904.

Late Celtic Stamp, An earthenware triangular stamp with late
Celtic pattern found at the Koman villa at Great Bedwyn in 1853, and
now in the Devizes Museum, was exhibited by the Rev. E. H. Goddard
with a gold ring and other objects found at the same time, at a meeting
of the Society of Antiquaries, Dec. 18th, 1902, and is illustrated in their
Proceedings, vol. xix., 188.

Richard JefferieS. Article in The Bookman, June, 1904, pp. 84—88,
" Three Nature Workers," by G. Forrester Scott, comparing the work
and genius of Isaac Walton, Gilbert White, and Richard Jefferies, with
many illustrations.

StOneheilge. A lecture, by Mr. W. Dale, to the Winchester and
Hampshire Scientific and Literary Society on the recent work and
discoveries at Stonehenge was fully reported in the Hampshire Chronicle.

Recent Wiltshire Boohs, Pamphlets, and Articles. 337

Wilts Botany. The Eev. E. S. Marshall, F.L.S, Vicar of Keevil,
publishes in The Journal of Botany, June, 1904, pp. 166 — 174, "West
Wilts Plant-Notes for 1903," containing records of the occurrence in the
county of a good many plants not given in Preston's Flora.

Bronze Age "Drinking Cups," or "Beakers." Under the
title of "The Oldest Bronze Age Ceramic Type in Britain; its close
Analogies on the Khine ; its probable origin in Central Europe," the
Hon. J. Abercromby contributes an important paper to the Journal of
the Anthropological Institute, vol. xxxii., 373—397, with fourteen plates,
giving a Map of the Distribution of Drinking Cups in Great Britain, and
admirable photos of no less than ninety-five specimens, British and
Foreign. Of the fifty-three British specimens illustrated eleven are
Wiltshire specimens — one in the Ashmolean Museum, two in the British
Museum, and the remaining eight in our own Museum at Devizes.
Some of the cups with recurved rims (type B) from the Rhine are almost
exactly like Wiltshire specimens, and, as the author says, "they must
have had a common ancestry. The tribe that introduced the earliest
beakers of type B into Britain must at one time have lived on the Rhine."
Mr. 'Abercromby considers that the "Beaker," or " Drinking Cup," as
it has hitherto been generally called, is the oldest form of Bronze Age
pottery found in Great Britain, that Dr. Thurnam's two types A and B
— the types found chiefly in the South of England — are the earliest
forms, that they date from the very beginning of the Bronze Age, and
are earlier than the cinerary urns and incense cups and food vessels,
and that the Bronze Age people who made them came to Britain from
the country of the middle Rhine.

A Modern Boeotia, Pictures from Life in a Country

Parish, by Deborah Primrose. Methuen & Co., 36, Essex Street,
W.C. London. 1904. 7| X 5. Pp. viii., 223. Linen.

Though the names of the places are disguised throughout, and not
even the county is mentioned, it is fairly clear to those who know
Winterbourne Bassett, that that village is the original of " Snorum
End," and that Deborah Primrose is really the wife of the Rev. R. L.
Ottley, who from 1897 to 1903 was Rector of that parish. The village,
the Church, the rectory, and the surrounding county are all unmistakably
portrayed, though the language spoken by the inhabitants is not always
irreproachable Wiltshire. The book is the work of a keen observer who
feels and remorselessly describes the drawbacks, the unspeakable dullness
and loneliness of the life in a small country village, remote from
neighbours and the railway station, to people of education and culture
who have been accustomed to town life and who having no country
interests to start with, entirely fail to acquire any as the result of their
country life. She writes very cleverly and well, but the Wiltshire
labourer and his wife and children have nothing to recommend them in
her eyes except their cleanliness, their honesty, and their independence.
They are wanting in natural affection, in any sense of religion, in the
VOL. XXXIII. — NO. CI. Z

338

Boohs, &c, by Wiltshire Authors.

possibility of feeling either gratitude or love. Except the three above
mentioned they have no other virtues, and they are absolutely devoid
of charm. Her pictures of cottage life are drawn with the fidelity to
detail of a Richard Jefferies, and much that she says of the growing
degeneration of village life in Wiltshire, of the fact that with the best of
the boys and girls alike their great ambition is to leave the village and
the land as soon as they leave school, with the result that the resident
population of the villages comes to consist largely of the aged, the
neer-do-wells, the slow-witted, and the vagrants who intend to stay only
six months or a year in the place, is alas ! only too true, as everyone
who knows North Wilts must sorrowfully confess. But to those who
really know and love the country it seems that there is another and a
brighter side to the land and to the people alike, which has scarcely
revealed itself to the eyes or to the heart of the authoress of A Modern
Boeotia.

Appreciative reviews, Devizes Gazette, June 9th; Guardian, June
15th, 1904.

Harold Brakspear, PSA. "Burnham Abbey" [Bucks].
Paper in Records of Buckinghamshire, No. 6, vol. viii. 1903. 8vo.
Pp. 517 — 540. Also printed in Archceological Journal, lx., 294 — 317.
An excellent account of the existing remains, with folding plan, two
coloured plates, and fourteen photographic plates and cuts in the text.

Thomas HobbeS. "Leviathan" (Cambridge English Classics).
The text edited by A. R. Waller. Cambridge University Press. 1904.
7f X 6^. Pp. 528. 4*. Qd. net.

AddiSOn. " The Spectator in London." Essays by Addison and Steele.
7x5. Pp. 323. London : Sealey. 1904. 3s. net.

Emma Marie Caillard. "Individual Immortality." John
Murray. Cr. 8vo, cloth. 1903. 3s. 6d. net. The first four chapters
appeared as articles in the Contemporary Revieiv. Favourably reviewed,
Guardian, Jan. 27th; Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, Feb., 1904, by
C. Ll. S[anctuary].

Maude PrOWer. "The Black Thorn," article in Globe, March 9th,
1904.

C. R. StratOII. Lecture on " Birds in Motion " at Blackmore Museum,
reported in Salisbury Journal, March 26th, 1904.

Books, &c, by Wiltshire Authors.

339

Crabbe. The Monthly Magazine for March, 1904, gives two unpublished
poems by Crabbe, from five volumes of unpublished MS. works of his in
possession of Mr. Murray.

C. W. Holgate. "Winchester Long Eolls, 1723—1812. Transcribed
and edited by the late Clifford Wyndham Holgate, M. A., with appendices,
including a College Kegister of Appointments transcribed by Herbert
Chitty, M.A. Wykehamist Society publication. Winchester : P. & G.
Wells, Booksellers to the College. 1904." 9 X 5|. Pp. xii., 347.
Price 10s. net. The book contains a short memoir of Mr. Holgate and
a portrait of him " in his room at Salisbury."

"Kathleen Mavourneen." The Wiltshire Times, Feb. 27th,

1904, states that the air for Mrs. Crawford's song was composed by a
Wiltshire commercial traveller, whose name is not given.

J. W. BrOOke. Long letter on origin of the Chiselhurst Caves, in The
Kentish Mercury, Jan. 8th, 1904.

Pamela Tenant. A poem, " The Legend of the Ass." Spectator
Dec. 26th, 1903.

Philip MaSSinger. Two vols., edited by Arthur Symons. (The
Mermaid Series.) Unwin. 1904. 1\ X 4£. Pp. xxxii. + 496, vol. ii.,
pp. 469. 2s. 6c?. net. each vol.

MiSS Dorothy Morrison, of Fonthill House. An article on
National Defence, an appeal to women, in the National Service Journal,
Jan., 1904. Quoted in Wilts County Mirror, Jan. 8th, 1904.

PORTRAITS.

LORNA AND DOROTHY, daughters of W. Heward BELL. Group by
J. J. Shannon, R.A., exhibited in Royal Academy, 1904.

LT.-GEN. LORD METHUEN, by William Carter. Presentation portrait
exhibited in Royal Academy, 1904.

LORD HERBERT, M.V.O., and MISS BEATRICE PAGET (Lady
Herbert). Sketch, Jan. 20th; Lady, Jan. 28th; Lady's Realm, Feb.,
1904.

LADY DICKSON POYNDER. Sketch, Jan. 6th, 1904.

EARL OF KERRY and MISS ELSIE HOPE (Countess of Kerry).
Sketch, Feb. 17th ; Hearth and Home, Feb. 25th, 1904.

COUNTESS OF KERRY. Woman at Home, May, 1904.

MARCHIONESS OF LANSDOWNE. Hearth and Home, Feb. 4th, 1904.

MISS LETTICE LONG (Mrs. Cooper), daughter of the Rt. Hon. W. H.
Long. Hearth and Home, April 21st, 1904.

Y 2

340

Books, &c, by Wiltshire Authors

COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE. Sketch, May 18th, 1904.
LADY GROVE. Woman at Home, May, 1904.
COUNTESS DE GREY. Sketch, May 18th, 1904.

EDWARD MURRAY COLSTON, Grenadier Guards, and MISS BLANCHE
GLADYS LUDDELL (Mrs. E. M. Colston). The Lady, May 5th, 1904.

WILLIAM MORRIS, founder of the " Swindon Advertiser." Swindon
Advertiser jubilee supplement, Feb. 5th, 1904.

RICHARD JEFFERIES. Photo, at the age of 22, from " The Early Fiction
of Jefferies " ; process from an etching by W. Strang in the " Eulogy of
Richard Jefferies" ; also photo of the bust in Salisbury Cathedral, are
reproduced in The Bookman, June, 1904.

MISS GLADYS PALMER, daughter of Walter Palmer, M.P. for Salisbury.
Full-length photo. Country Life, May 14th, 1904.

MARCHIONESS OF WATERFORD. Miniature. Woman at Home,
Sept., 1903.

EARL OF SUFFOLK (as Sir Joseph Verity). Sketch, May 4th, 1904.

LADY AVEBURY (daughter of Gen. Pitt Rivers) and her sons. Sketch,
Dec. 9th, 1903.

PERSONAL NOTICES.

LADY HERBERT OF LEA. M.A.P., Jan. 30th, 1904.

REV. SIDNEY DUGDALE (late Vicar of Westbury). Wiltshire Times,
March 5th, 1904.

M. N. STORY MASKELYNE, F.R.S., D.Sc. The Oxford Magazine,
June, and Vanity Fair, July 2nd, 1903, contained short but very
appreciative notices of his distinguished career as a man of science, with
reference to the degree of Doctor of Science conferred on him at Oxford
last year.

BENJAMIN BANKS, violin maker, of Salisbury, 1727—1795. His
biography is given in "British Violin Makers, Classical and Modern,
being a Biographical and Critical Dictionary of British Makers of the
Violin." By the Rev. William Meredith Morris, B.A. Chatto &
Windus. 1904.

LADY GROVE. M.A.P., April 16th, 1904.

RT.-HON. W. H. LONG. Pall Mall Gazette, quoted in Devizes Gazette,
May 5th, 1904.

WILLIAM MORRIS, Founder of the Swindon Advertiser. A good account
of his life and writings in the jubilee supplement of the Swindon
Advertiser, Feb. 5th, 1904.

Boohs, &c, by Wiltshire Authors.

341

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Warminster. The Obelisk ; The Parish Church ; The Town Hall :
three cuts with slight letterpress, in the Bristol Observer, Feb 20th, 1904.

EclillgtOll Church.. Process view, with letterpress account of its
narrow escape from destruction by fire on the night of Good Friday.
Wiltshire Chronicle, April 9th, 1904.

Lyneham. " The Duke of Beaufort's Foxhounds : a Scene at the White
Hart, Lyneham." Seven photo-cuts in Illustrated London News, Feb.
20th, 1904. Portraits of the Duke and of Lord Kerry. One of the same
cuts, " Going to Draw," appears as " A Large Field at Lyneham Green,"
with a very good photo of the Duke on horseback and another cut, in
The Queen, Jan. 23rd, 1904.

Keevil. "Talboys' House." Small process views in advertisement.
Lady, May 5th ; Country Life, May 14th, 1904.

WardOlir Castle. Doorway in Courtyard. Process. Country Life.
May 14th, 1904.

Longleat Garden Front. Hearth and Home, Dec. 31st, 1903.

Coate. Birthplace of Kichard Jefferies. The Bookman, June, 1904.

Charlton Park. "A Country Girl" at Lord Suffolk's seat, Charlton
Park. Eight photos of the characters. The Lady, May 5th, 1904.
Group of the characters, The Sketch, May 4th, 1904.

Salisbury Cathedral. Engraving by Norman Hirst, after Constable,
exhibited in Royal Academy, 1904.

— Engraving by Lucas, after Constable. Process reproduction,

Country Life, May 14th, 1904.

Salisbury. The extension of the City, new boundary sanctioned by
the Local Government Board. Map. Salisbury Journal, May 7th, 1904.

Salisbury Cathedral Spire, with Steeple- Jacks at work, and the
Vane. Two photo-process illustrations as an advertisement of Messrs.
Frankland, Phillips, & Co., with letterpress. 1904.

BOWOOd. Country Life, May 21st, 1904, pp. 738—744, has a series of
large process illustrations of the house, with short letterpress notes.
The illustrations are : — The Entrance Hall ; Dining-Eoom ; Library
Corridor ; West Library ; South End of Drawing-Koom ; Dining-Eoom,
East End ; South Front.

Malmesbury Abbey, Old Fire-Engine preserved at. Photo in
English Illustrated Mag., Sept., 1903, p. 634.

342

Books &c, by Wiltshire Authors.

Keevil MailOr is the subject of another of those admirably illustrated
articles in Country Life, May 14th, 1904, pp. 702 — 708, with large and
excellent process views of The Entrance Front ; The Porch ; The South-
West Front ; The South-West Corner ; The East Corner ; The Twelve
Apostles [yew trees] ; Evergreen Yews ; The Old Gateway ; Giant Yews.
These are by far the best illustrations which have appeared of this fine
old house.

Wisllford. Fire-Engine purchased in 1728. Good photo in article on
" Fire Fighting in Bygone Days." English Illustrated Mag., Sept.,

1903, p. 630.

PeWSey. Mr. A. M. Walton's shop. Wilts Advertiser, April 7th, 1904.

Potteme. Woodbridge House. Wilts Advertiser, April 7th, 1904.

Devizes. Mr. J. H. V. Lucas' shop, Little Brittox. Wilts Advertiser,
Jan. 28th, 1904.

Winsley HOUSe. Architectural drawing by T. B. Silcock and Reay,
exhibited in Koyal Academy, 1904.

SwindOIl. The jubilee supplement of the Swindon Advertiser, Feb. 5th,

1904, contains ten cuts: — An Interesting Bit of " Kailway Swindon "
in the Forties ; Old Market Place, New Swindon ; Map of Swindon in
1850 ; Original Mechanics' Institute ; New Market Hall ; Town Hall ;
Victoria Hospital ; Corn Exchange and Town Hall ; Electricity Works ;
Technical School.

Christ Church ; Bath Koad ; Eegent Street, New Swindon. Three

cuts. Bristol Observer, April 2nd, 1904.

-— ■ — Richard Jefferies' House in Victoria Street. The Bookman, June,

1904.

CSllne. Elevation and Plan of Proposed Public Library. Devizes Gazette,
June 9th, 1904.

Biicllcird Jefferies. His House at Goring and Grave at Broadwater.
Photos. The Bookman, June, 1904.

Silbliry Hill. " As Viewed from the East " ; " From the North, showing
the Levelled Observatory Area on the North-East and West Sides," " from
the West, showing Levelled Ground on the West, North, and East Sides,
and the Natural High Ground to the South which was utilized by the
Druids to save useless labour" ; " South and North Section showing the
Sighting Pole as erected thereon by the Druids, together with the Sun's
Elevations and the Sighting Lines for the Solsticial and Equinoctial Ob-
servations." Photo-process views and a section. [Published by M. B.
Cotsworth, of York. 1908 ?]

ArniS Of the Devizes Guilds. Cut in Wiltshire Advertiser, June
23rd, 1904.

343

Write* to ^mma anir §4&ra%

Museum.

Presented by Me. A. D. Passmore : Threepenny Token of " Cold Harbour
Friendly Society, established 1849." [In all probability
Cold Harbour Inn, Blunsdon, where a hundred of these

tokens were lately found.] Plaster Cast of Bronze Celt

found on the new railway near Wootton Bassett.

,, „ Mr. R. S. Newall : A Collection of Birds' Eggs.

,, H.M. Commissioners of Prisons : Three sets of old Leg Irons

used in Devizes Prison.

Library.

Presented by The Author (Miss Prower) : Article in Gents' Mag.

,, Rev. G. Pilgrim Toppin: Prints and Cuttings .

,, „ Rev. C. S. Ruddle : Drawings of Charlton Church, North
Wilts, before and after restoration.

,, ,, Rev. Canon Wordsworth: " Malmesbury by Uncle John"
(rare pamphlet). Other pamphlets.

,, ,, Mr. E. Cook: "The Oldest Bronze Age Ceramic Type in
Britain." Drawing of Roman Capital from Box.

,, ,, The Author, H. Brakspear, F.S.A. : Burnham Abbey, from

Buckinghamshire Records. Drawings, Plans, and Photos

of Box Roman Villa, 1903.

,, ,, Rev. E. H. Goddard : "Particulars of the Broad Town

Charity, 1874." "Account of the Somerset Hospital at

Froxfield." 1786.

,, Rev. C. V. Goddard : Cuttings and Scraps. File of

Salisbury Journal.

,, ,, Mr. E. 0. P. Bouverie : File of Devizes Advertiser.

,, ,, Proprietors of Wiltshire Times: File of the paper.

,, ,, Mr. H. W. Dartnell : File of Wiltshire County Mirror.

,, ,, Mr. A. Schomberg : Four Wiltshire articles from Magazines.

,, ,, Mr. H. E. Medlicott : File of Devizes Gazette,

Erratum. On p. 309, line 2, for Henry I. read Henry II.

344

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CONGRESS

OF

j3Crt!ja>0 logical jSncutus,

JULY 8 th, 1903.

The Fourteenth Congress of Archaeological Societies in Union with
the Society of Antiquaries, was held on Wednesday, July 8th, at
Burlington House ; Viscount Dillon being prevented from attending
the Chair was taken by Sir John Evans, K.C.B., V.P.S.A.

The Congress was attended by Delegates from the Society of
Antiquaries, the Royal Archaeological Institute (3), the British
Archaeological Association (3), the Huguenot Society, and the Societies
for Berks, Bristol and Gloucestershire, Bucks, Cambs and Hunts (2),
Cumberland and Westmoreland, Essex, Hants, East Herts, Lancashire
and Cheshire (2), Leicestershire, Suffolk, Surrey (2), Sussex (2), Wilts,
Woolhope Club, Worcestershire, The Folklore Society, and Members
of the Committee.

The Minutes of the last Congress, held on July 10th, 1901, were
read and confirmed.

The Hon. Secretary explained that no Congress had been held in
1902 owing to the preoccupations of the Coronation.

The Report of the Standing Committee was read and approved^
and the Statement of Accounts, audited by Mr. W. Minet, F.S.A.,
was read and adopted. The thanks of the Meeting were given to
Mr. Minet for his services, and he was appointed Auditor for the
ensuing year.

The following were elected as the Standing Committee : —

The Officers of the Society of

Antiquaries.
J. Romilly Allen, F.S.A.
E. W. Brabrook, C.B., F.S.A.
Rev. P. H. Ditchfield, M.A., F.S.A.
Sir John Evans, K.C.B., F.S.A.
G. E. Fox, M.A., F.S.A.
G. L. Gomme, F.S.A.

I. Chalkley Gould.

Emanuel Green, F.S.A.

W. H. St. John Hope, M.A.

Wm. Minet, F.S.A.

Canon Rupert Morris, D.D., F.S.A.

George Payne, F.S.A.

J. Horace Round, M.A.

T. B. Willis-Bund, M.A., F.S.A.

2

Mr. Ralph Nevill, F.S.A., was re-elected Hon. Secretary, and the
thanks of the Meeting expressed to him for his services in the past
two years.

EARTHWORKS COMMITTEE.

Mr. I. Chalkley Gould presented the Report of the Committee
appointed to prepare a Scheme for Recording Earthworks.

Prof. Windle, F.R.S., F.S.A., in further explaining the Report,
suggested that the Committee might well be strengthened and
especially by the addition of military members. He deprecated any
attempt to attribute age independently of excavation, and drew atten-
tion to the number of moated enclosures in Warwickshire obviously of
mediaeval date, especially in the Forest of Arden ; these, he thought,
it would be well to include.

Mr. R. Garraway Rice, F.S.A., suggested that Lt.-Col. Attree,
R.E., F.S.A., would be a useful Member of the Committee, as he had
promised assistance in scheduling the camps of Sussex. He pointed
out the dangers that sometimes arose to the walls of camps from the
action of rabbits, and approved the inclusion of moated sites in the
Schedules.

The Rev. E. H. Goddard pointed out that camps in Wilts had
been greatly damaged to provide exercise grounds for racehorses ;
Mr. A. R. Goddard instanced Ravensbury Castle, in Bedfordshire, as
having been much injured by the plantation of young larches ; Mr.
C. J. Williams thought that the planting of trees sometimes tended to
preserve the camps, and other members thought it doubtful if advantage
or disadvantage predominated.

Mr. Gould suggested that Lt.-Col. Ruck, R.E., who had been
working on the Wall of Antoninus, should be invited to join the
Committee.

Sir John Evans alluded to the great loss Archaeology had sustained
by the loss of General Pitt-Rivers, and the fact that no other Inspector
of Ancient Monuments had been appointed ; he stated that moated
enclosures should certainly be recorded, as they were often of far
earlier date than the houses that were found in them. He also
suggested that the County Societies should be invited to send copies
to the central Committee of any Schedules they may form, and this
was agreed to.

The Hon. Secretary recommended that copies of the Scheme
should be supplied to Societies for issue to all their members, and on
the motion of Mr. Willis-Bund, seconded by Mr. T. Blashill, and
supported by Mr. Freer, this was agreed to.

Mr. Gould, as representing the Earthworks Committee, was author-
ised to invite Lt.-Cols. Attree and Ruck and such other Members as
the Sub-Committee should think fit, to join it and form a Standing
Committee to take charge of the subject.

v. xx. nuuuwa.ru. miner ana .ruuiisiier, oanib junn street, uevizes.

3

LOCAL RECORDS.

Great satisfaction was expressed at the terms of the Treasury
Report on the Custody of Local Records, copies of which had been
sent to the Secretaries of Societies. The Hon. Secretary was directed
to obtain and send copies of the Appendix to the Societies.

Mr. Willis-Bund, F.S.A., Chairman of the Worcestershire County
Council, drew attention to the fact that, under the present system,
Parish Records were in greater danger than they had ever been, and
pointed out that County Councils had legal power, under an Act of
last year, to collect statistics of local charitable endowments, and to
take charge of their documents. He suggested that they should be
asked, at the same time, to endeavour to obtain custody of the great
mass of ancient Parish Records that were at present a burden to their
custodians, and exposed to loss and injury ; he was of opinion that
Parish Councils would very gladly deposit their ancient deeds in
County Council strong rooms. Proposals had to his knowledge been
made to burn ancient rate books, and the separation of the tithe award
and the tithe map frequently occurred.

Mr. Freer, F.S.A., Clerk of the Peace for Leicestershire, pointed
out that not only was there a danger of wanton destruction but also
of accident by fire, and strongly advocated the necessity of moving
the County Councils to action.

Mr. A. R. Goddard pointed out that the tithe maps must be kept in
the Parish unless copies were made and the originals sent to the
Record Offices, as was desirable. Mr. Rice mentioned the many
valuable documents that were often found in Parish Chests, and
instanced the complete bills for the repair of a Church that he had
once found.

The Rev. C. Evelyn White, F.S.A., called attention to the serious
conflicts that often took place between the Clergy and the Parish
Council and the need of removing documents from the centre of strife.

Mr. Willis-Bund suggested that the County Councils Association
should be asked to enquire what County Councils had up to the present
provided strong rooms.

Messrs. Willis-Bund, Freer, Round, Blashill, and the Hon. Secre-
tary were appointed a Committee, with power to add to their number,
to take steps to promote the formation of the Record Offices.

Mr. T. Blashill and Mr. J. Parker advocated the collection in the
Record Offices of Court Rolls and private deeds, and Mr. St. Clair
Baddeley spoke to the vicissitudes to which such deeds were exposed.
It was agreed that it was most desirable that such deeds should be
safely housed.

4

THE ADOPTION OF ENGLISH
SURNAMES BY ALIENS.

The Hon. Secretary drew attention to the grave difficulties that
were arising from the indiscriminate adoption of English surnames by
undesirable aliens ; this inflicted a definite injury on those lawfully
entitled to such names.

It was stated that there had never been any law to prevent the
adoption of surnames, and that it seemed hopeless to expect that one
should be framed. A delegate pointed out, however, that foreign
countries had found it necessary to impose restrictions that were
at present unknown to the common law of this country.

A strong feeling prevailed that it was most desirable that some
regulation should be made, but in view of the forthcoming Report of
the Commission on the subject, it was agreed, on the recommendation
of Lord Balcarres, not to attempt any action.

PIPE ROLL SOCIETY.

In the absence of Mr. J. H. Round through indisposition, Mr. Em.
Green, F.S.A., drew attention to the revival of the Pipe Roll Society
and the importance of its being supported by Archaeologists. Mr.
W. H. St. John Hope spoke to the same effect, and mentioned a
suggestion that the matter should be divided into Counties so that
each Society might support that in which it was directly interested.
Members generally expressed their interest in the revival and their
willingness to bring any practical scheme before their Societies.

EFFIGIES AND PLACE NAMES.

Mr. St. John Hope reported that a catalogue was now being made
of the drawings of effigies in the collection of the Society of Antiquaries,
and that on its completion it was hoped that progress might be made
with the Scheme for a general Catalogue of Effigies.

In the absence of Mr. Round nothing further was reported on the
subject of Place Names.

Votes of thanks to the Society of Antiquaries for the use of their
room, and to the Chairman, were carried by acclamation.

RALPH NEVILL, F.S.A.,
Ho?i. Secretary.

Castle hill,
Guildford.

v. 1.1.. it uuuwaru, rnuoer aim ruuiisnei , *, oamu ovim otreec, JDevizes.

CONGRESS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES

IN UNION WITH

THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON.

SCHEME

FOR RECORDING

ANCIENT DEFENSIVE EARTHWORKS

AND

FORTIFIED ENCLOSURES.

(

1903.

COMMITTEE

<

FOR RECORDING

ANCIENT DEFENSIVE EARTHWORKS

AND

FORTIFIED ENCLOSURES.

Lord Balcarres, M.P., F.S.A., Chairman.

W. J. Andrew, F.S.A.

F. W. Attree (Lt-Col. R.E.),
F.S.A.

Boyd Dawkins (Prof.), F.R.S.,
F.S.A.

Sir John Evans, K.C.B., F.R.S.,

'V.P.S.A.
A. R. Goddard, B.A.

F, Haverfield, F.S.A., M.A.
W. H. St. J. Hope, M.A.

J. Horace Round, M.A.

O. E. Ruck (Lt.-Col. R.E.),
F.S.A.Sc

W. M. Tapp, LL.D.

Bertram C. A. Windle (Prof.), F.R.S., F.S.A.

I. Chalkley Gould, Hon. Sec.
{Royal Societies' Club, St. James's Street, London?)

Extract from the Report of the Provisional Committee to
the Congress of Archaeological Societies : —

' ' There is need, not only for schedules such as this
Committee is appointed to secure, but also for active
antiquaries in all parts of the country to keep keen watch
over ancient fortifications of earth and stone, and to endeavour
to prevent their destruction by the hand of man in this
utilitarian age."

SCHEME

FOR RECORDING

ANCIENT DEFENSIVE EARTHWORKS

AND

FORTIFIED ENCLOSURES.

*

AT the Congress of the Archaeological Societies, held on
July ioth, 1 90 1, a Committee was appointed to prepare a
scheme for a systematic record of ANCIENT DEFENSIVE
EARTHWORKS AND FORTIFIED ENCLOSURES.

It was suggested that the secretaries of the various archaeological
societies, and other gentlemen likely to be interested in the subject,
should be pressed to prepare schedules of the works in their
respective districts, in the hope that lists may eventually be
published.

It is believed that the schedules will not only be of value to
archaeologists and antiquaries, but may serve to interest landowners,
members of County, Borough, and District Councils, and others, in
these neglected but priceless memorials of the past.

As the opportunities to use their influence towards the preser-
vation of antiquities must increase, the importance of securing the
co-operation of County, Borough, and District Councils is manifest,
and their efforts would be largely directed and aided by such lists
as the Committee hopes to secure.

2

The ground has been, to some extent, covered by the useful
archaeological maps of the Society of Antiquaries, and by lists of
early forts recorded in some volumes of the Victoria County
Histories (now in course of publication) ; both together, however,
cover but a limited portion of the country, and neither work is so
generally accessible as it is hoped the Committee's schedules
will be.

Not to court failure by attempting too much the Committee
suggests that —

1. The lists should be confined to defensive works, omitting

burial barrows and boundary banks.

2. Though careful record should be made of any "finds"

indicative of period of use of the forts, no effort need be
made to assign a definite period of construction, excepting
in those cases in which the age is beyond question, e.g.
camps and fortified settlements of undoubted Roman
origin, or enclosures of proved Neolithic, Bronze, or
Iron age.

It is proposed that defensive works be classified, so far as may
be, under the following heads : —

a. Fortresses partly inaccessible, by reason of precipices,

cliffs, or water, additionally defended by artificial banks
or walls.

b. Fortresses on hill-tops with artificial defences, following the

natural line of the hill ;
Or, though usually on high ground, less dependent on
natural slopes for protection.

c. Rectangular or other simple enclosures, including forts and

towns of the Romano-British period.

d. Forts consisting only of a mount with encircling ditch

or fosse.

e. Fortified mounts, either artificial or partly natural, with

traces of an attached court or bailey, or of two or more
such courts.

f. Homestead moats, such as abound in some lowland

districts, consisting of simple enclosures formed into
artificial islands by water moats.
G. Works which fall under none of these headings.

3

CLASS A.

Fortresses partly inaccessible, by reason of precipices, clitfs
or water, additionally defended by artificial banks or
walls,

e.g. — Comb Moss, Derbyshire.*

Old Castle Head, Pembrokeshire.
Treryn Dinas (Logan Rock), Cornwall.
Doward Hill, near Monmouth.
Dike Hills, Dorchester, Oxfordshire,
Cleeve Camp, Gloucestershire.*

* See plans on following pages.

4

5

6

CLASS B.

Fortresses on hill-tops with artificial defences, following the
natural line of the hill,

e.g. — Mam Tor, Derbyshire.*

Cadbury (near Wincanton), Somersetshire.

Hambledon Hill, Dorsetshire.

Hembury, Devonshire.

Cissbury, Sussex.

Badbury Rings, Dorsetshire.*

Maiden Castle, Dorset.

Or, though usually on high ground, less dependent on natural
slopes for protection,

e.g. — Ambresbury Banks, Essex.*
Yarnbury, Wiltshire.*
The Auberys (Redborne), Herts.
Hunsbury, near Northampton.*

The entrance ways to early hill-forts were frequently rendered
difficult of approach, sometimes circuitous as at Ardoch, dangerous
as at Comb Moss, or involved as at the east and west ends of
Maiden Castle.* Such entrance ways should be carefully noted.

* See plans on following pages,

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6

CLASS B.

Fortresses on hill-tops with artificial defences, folloiuin° the
natural line of the hill,

e.g. — Mam Tor, Derbyshire.*

Cadbury (near Wincanton), Somersetshire.

Hambledon Hill, Dorsetshire.

Hembury, Devonshire.

Cissbury, Sussex.

Badbury Rings, Dorsetshire.*

Maiden Castle, Dorset.

Or, though usually on high ground, less dependent on natural
slopes for protection,

e.g. — Ambresbury Banks, Essex.*
Yarnbury, Wiltshire.*
The Auberys (Redborne), Herts.
Hunsbury, near Northampton.*

The entrance ways to early hill-forts were frequently rendered
difficult of approach, sometimes circuitous as at Ardoch, dangerous
as at Comb Moss, or involved as at the east and west ends of
Maiden Castle.* Such entrance ways should be carefully noted.

* See plans on following pages,

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Dorsetshire

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A. Landslips.

B. Entrance, ? modern

C. Entrance way.

D. Watercourse.

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A. 7 ft. of silt had accumulated here since fosse was cut.

B. Present summit of rampart, originally higher. The shaded line indicates present surface.
The figures indicate feet above sea level.

The section is copied from Essex Field Club Transactions ; 1881.

11

12

CLASS C.

Rectangular or other simple enclosures, including forts and
towns of the Romano-British period,

e.g. — Melandra, Derbyshire.*
Silchester, Hampshire.
Ratby, Leicestershire.*
Caerleon, Monmouthshire.
Wareham, Dorsetshire.
Richboro', Kent.

Woodcuts, Cranborne Chase, Dorsetshire.
Porchester, Hampshire.

* See plans on following page.

In some cases, as at Silchester and Porchester, the earthen
defences have been strengthened by the addition of a wall and
towers of masonry.

13

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::>,

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I | Leicestershire #j

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1 1 1 — 1 1 "*/»)n\^v

14

CLASS D.

Forts consisting only of a mount with encircling ditch
or fosse,

e.g. — Bures Mount, Essex.*
The Mount, Caerleon.
Clifford's Hill, Northamptonshire.*

* See plans on following page.

In some cases, forts, apparently of this class, may be incomplete
examples of Class E, which once possessed, but have lost the attached
courts or baileys.

15

BORES MOUNT. ESSEX.

16

CLASS E

Fortified mounts, either artificial or partly natural, with traces
of an attached court or bailey, or of two or more
such courts,

e.g. — Hallaton, Leicestershire.*
Laughton, Yorkshire.
Berkhampstead, Herts.
Ongar, Essex.*
Dingestow, Monmouthshire.*
Powerstock, Dorsetshire.
Merdon Castle, Hampshire.
Hedingham, Essex.*
Corfe, Dorsetshire.

* See plans on following pages.

In some cases, earthworks have, in later times, been obscured,
or strengthened by the substitution of masonry and buildings for the
original timber defences, as at Windsor, Carisbrooke, Arundel,
Berkhampstead, Norwich, Castle Acre, Corfe, &c.

17

18

19

20

CLASS F.

Homestead moats, such as abound in some lowland
districts, consisting of simple enclosures formed into
artificial islands by water moats,

e.g. — Botelers, Basildon, Essex.*
Cubley, Derbyshire.*
Old Hall, Denby, Derbyshire *

*See plans on following page.

Homestead moats occasionally have traces of a rampart,
usually on the inner side of the ditch. This should
be mentioned, also the shape of the enclosure (circular,
rectangular, &c). A note should be made of examples
in which channels divide the enclosure into two or more
islands, and of those which are provided with an outer
moat (generally narrower) at some distance, enclosing a
considerable area round the homestead.

21

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i — l — i i

So/e/ers"

Sca/&

22

N.B.

In every case in which masonry is used for defence, whether
wholly or in part, or as an inside wall to the rampart, or as the
rampart itself, the fact should be mentioned.

The existence of mounds or tumuli entirely within defensive
enclosures should be noted.

When a fortress is provided with more than one rampart or
wall, the fact should be recorded, as also when the enclosed area
is divided by transverse banks. It should also be noted whether
such additional ramparts or their ditches are intermittent or
continuous, and whether the entrances are direct or of a tortuous
character.

It is specially desired that the position of each work be
indicated by noting the number of the sheet of the O. S. (6-inch
scale) in which it appears, and by giving the name of the nearest
town or village.

Plans traced from the 25-inch O. S. maps should, if possible,
be sent. Ramparts and ditches should be clearly indicated, as in
the accompanying illustrations, as well as the O. S. levels, and
accurate sections will be of great service. Precipices, as at Comb
Moss, and abrupt slopes, as at Mam Tor, should be indicated as
shewn on the accompanying plans, and named.

Although lists of all defensive earthworks and enclosures will be
welcomed, it is to be borne in mind that plans and sections of them,
based upon personal examination, are particularly desired.

Though not strictly within the scope of this enquiry, it is
suggested that all mediaeval castles should be included in the
schedules, since many of them originated in earthworks of Class E.

Assistance will be duly recorded in the report which the
Committee hopes to present to a future Congress of Archaeological
Societies,

HARRISON AND SONS, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HIS MAJESTY, ST. MARTIN'S LANE,

THE SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS (Continued).

WILTSHIRE— THE TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS OF JOHN
AUBREY, F.K.S., A.D. 1659-1670. Corrected and enlarged by the Rev. Canon
J. E. Jackson, M.A., F.S.A. In 4to, Cloth, pp. 491, with 46 plates. Price £2 10*.

WILTSHIRE INQUISITIONS POST MORTEM. CHARLES I. 8vo.,
pp. vii., 501. 1901. With full index. In 8 parts, as issued. Price 13s.

A BIBLIOGRAPHY of the GREAT STONE MONUMENTS of
WILTSHIRE, STONEHENGE and AVEBURY, with other references,
by W. Jerome Harrison, F.G.S., pp. 169, with 4 illustrations. Price 5s. 6d.
Contains particulars as to 947 books, papers, &c, by 732 authors.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

A certain space on the cover of the Magazine will in future.be
available for Advertisements of Books or other kindred matters.
For terms apply to the Eev. E. H. Goddard, Clyffe Vicarage,
Swindon.

WANTED. No. 3 of Wilts Archaeological Maga-
zine, 1854 or 1855. G-ood price given ; or rare Wiltshire
books in exchange.

A. D. Passmore, Swindon.

FOSSILS FOR SALE.

A large assortment of really good Fossils from various formations.
These not being of Wiltshire origin are not required for the
Society's Museum, and any of the specimens can be disposed
of at a very low price.

Apply to Eev. E. H. Goddard, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon ;
or B. H. Cunnington, Esq., Devizes.

BOOKS WANTED FOR THE LIBRARY.

Will any Member give any of them ?

S. Wilts Church Magazine. Any com- Davenant, Bishop. Works ; and Life

plete years from commencement. of, by Fuller.

Beckford. Eecollections of, 1893. Moberly, Bishop. Any books by.

Ditto. Memoirs of, 1859. Abbot, Bishop. Works by.

Beckford Family. Eeminiscences, 1887. Bolingbroke, Lord. Works.

Memoirs of Thomas Earl of Ailesbury, Eock. The Church of our Fathers as

Eoxburghe Club, 1890. seen in St. Osmund's Eite for the

Clarendon Gallery Characters. Claren- Cathedral of Salisbury.

don and Whitelocke compared, the Sarum Missal.

Clarendon Family vindicated, &c. Sarum Psalter.

Hobbs (T.) Leviathan. Old Edition. Hissey. Through Ten English Counties.

Woollen Trade of Wilts, Gloucester, Gloucestershire. Notes and Queries.

and Somerset, 1803. Somerset and Dorset. Notes and
Witham's History of Lacock Abbey. Queries.

Worth's Tourist Guide. Wiltshire. Geological Society. Quarterly Journal,
Life of John Tobin, by Miss Benger. Vols. I. to XXXVII.

Gillman's Devizes Eegister. 1859 — 69. Keate, G., of Trowbridge. Poems.

Cobbett's Eural Eides. Hughes, J., of Marlborough. Poems.

Moore, his Life, Writings, and Con- Davies, Sir John. Any Works by.

temporaries, by Montgomery. Whitelock, Lt.-Gen. Trial of.

Murray's Handbook to Southern Ca- Somerset, Charles Seymour, Duke of,

thedrals. Memoirs of the Life and Family of,

Morris' Marston and Stanton. 1750.

Carey, Marshman and Ward, Lives of. Sir Francis Burdett, Memoirs of,
The Castle Inn. [Use. Pamphlets by, &c.

Maskell's Monumenta Eitualia. Sarum E. Jefferies. Amateur Poacher.
Slow's Wilts Ehymes, 2nd Series. Ditto Gamekeeper at Home.

Bowles. Poetical Works and Life, by Ditto Hodge and his Masters.

Gilfillan. [knight. Ditto Life of the Fields.

Bolingbroke, Lord. Life of , by Mac- Ditto Eound about a Great Estate

Morrison. Catalogue of Engravings Ditto Wild Life in a Southern

at Fonthill House. 1868. County.
Thomas Herbert, Earl of Pembroke. Ditto Nature near London.

Numismata Antiqua. 1746. Hall. Society in the Elizabethan Age.

William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke. Annals of the Seymours by H. St Maur,

Poems. 1902.

Fawcett, Professor. Speeches. Gentleman's Magazine Library. To-
Fubrey's Lives. 1898. pography, Wiltshire.

Longsword, Earl of Salisbury ; an His- The Earldom of Wiltes by J. H.

torical Eomance. Two vols. 1762. Metcalfe.

N.B. — Any Books, Pamphlets, &c, written by Natives of Wiltshire, or
Eesidents in the County, on any subject, old Newspapers, Cuttings, Scraps,
Election Placards, Squibs, Maps, Eeports, &c, and any original Drawings or
Prints of objects in the County, Old Deeds, and Portraits of Wiltshiremen, will
also be acceptable. An old Deed Box or two would be very useful.

AGENTS

FOR THE SALK OF THK

WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.

Bath E. F. Houlston, New Bond Street.

Bristol James Fawn & Son, 18, Queen's Eoad.

G aline A. Heath & Son, Market Place.

Chippenham ... R F. Houlston, High Street.

Cirencester Mks. Harmer, Market Place.

Devizes C. H. Woodward, Saint John Street.

Marlborough ... Miss E. Lucy, Post Office.

Melksham Jolliffe & Co., Bank Street.

Oxford Jas. Parker & Co., Broad Street.

Salisbury Brown & Co., Canal.

Trowbridge G. W. Bose, 66, Fore Street.

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

No. Oil. DECEMBEE, 1904. Vol. XXXIII.

THE

WILTSHIRE

Irrbffiiloairfll nni Jbtral IBistarq

MAGAZINE,

OF THE

SOCIETY FOEMED IN THAT COUNTY,
A.D. 1853.

EDITED BY

REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon.

Peinted and sold

DEVIZES :
foe the Society by
4, St. John Steeet.

C. H. Woodwaed,

Price 5s. 6d. Members, Gratis.
With this Number is issued Wilts Inquisitions Post Mortem from reign

NOTICE TO MEMBEES.
TAKE NOTICE, that a copious Index for the preceding eight
volumes of the Magazine will be found at the end of Vols,
viii., xvi., xxiv,, and xxxii.

Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society for
the current year, are requested to remit the same forthwith to
the Financial Secretary, Mr. David Owen, Bank Chambers,
Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply
of Magazines should be addressed.

The Numbers of this Magazine will be delivered gratis, as issued,
to Members who are not in arrear of their Annual Subscrip-
tions, but in accordance with Byelaw No. 8 " The Financial
Secretary shall give notice to Members in arrear, and the
Society's publications will not be forwarded to Members whose
Subscriptions shall remain unpaid after such notice."

All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre-
taries: the Eev. E. H. Goddard, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon,
and E. 0. P.Bouverie, Esq., The Old House, Market Lavington,
Devizes.

THE SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS.

To be Obtained of Mr. D. Owen, Bank Chambers, Devizes.

THE BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH
WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. One Volume, Atlas
4to, 248 pp., 17 large Maps, and 110 Woodcuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 2s.
One copy offered to each Member of the Society at £1 11*. 6d.

THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo,
504 pp., with Map, Extra Cloth. By the Rev. T. A. Preston, M.A. Price to the
Public, 16s. ; hut one copy offered to every Member of the Society at half-price.

CATALOGUE of the STOURHEAD COLLECTION OF ANTIQUITIES
in the SOCIETY'S MUSEUM, with 175 Illustrations. Price Is. U.

CATALOGUE of the SOCIETY'S LIBRARY at the MUSEUM.
Price 2s. 6d. ; to Members, Is. 6d. APPENDIX No. I., II. and III., 3d. each.

CATALOGUE of DRAWINGS, PRINTS, and MAPS in the SOCIETY'S
LIBRARY at the MUSEUM. Price 2s.

CATALOGUE of WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS in the SOCIETY'S
COLLECTION. Price 6d.

BACK NUMBERS of the MAGAZINE. Price to the Public, 5s. 6d. and
3s. 6d. (except in the case of a few Numbers, the price of which is raised.)
Members are allowed a reduction of 25 per cent, from these prices.

STONEHENGE AND ITS BARROWS, by W. Long— Nos. 46-7 of the
Magazine in separate wrapper, 7s. 6d. This still remains the best and most
reliable account of Stonehenge and its Earthworks.

WILTSHIRE

Irrjjfeologiral nnft lata! IManj

MAGAZINE.

No. CIL DECEMBEK, 1904. Vol. XXXIII.

Contents. PAGE

The Fifty-First General Meeting, at Warminster 345

On the Appropriation of the Kectory of Lacock : By the Eev.

W. G. Clark-Maxwell 358

A Letter to Cromwell concerning the Surrender of Lacock

Abbey . 375

Erlestoke and its Manor Lords : By John Watson-Taylor (Con-
tinued) 377

Offenders against the Statute of Labourers in Wiltshire, A.D.

1349 : Translated and communicated by Miss E. M. Thompson... 385

Pre-historic Interments near Porton, Wilts: By E. A. Rawlence 410

Gold Ring found at South Wraxall 414

Wilts Obituary 415

Eecent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles 417

Books by Wiltshire Authors 426

Additions to Museum and Library 430

Index to Vol. XXXIII 432

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Roman Villa at Box, Wilts — Coloured Plan of Pavement
of Chamber No. VI., Pavement of Passage XX., and

DEVIZES: C. H. Woodward, 4, Saint John Street.

THE

WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.

" MULTORUM MAN1BUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS." — Ovid.

December, 1904.

THE FIFTY-FIKST GENERAL MEETING

OF THE

SEtltsfjtre Srctjaeologtcal antr Natural $?t£torg Soctetg,

HELD AT WARMINSTER,
July 12th, 13th, and IJfih, 1904.}

The Most Hon. The Marquess of Bath, President of the Society

in the chair.

TUESDAY, JULY 12th.

HE GENERAL Meeting was held in the Town Hall, at
3.30, p.m. The President of the Society took the chair,
and at once called on Mr. E. 0. P. Bouverie to read

THE REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30th, 1904.

" The Committee has now to present its annual report.

" Finance.- — The detailed accounts which appear in the current
number of the Magazine show that at the close of the financial
year we had a debit balance of £39 18s. 4Jc7., as against one of
£16 Is. Qd. in the preceding year, showing an excess of expenditure
over income of £23 16s. 10^d. We regret to say that, though our
fiftieth anniversary meeting last year at Devizes was well attended,
there was a financial loss of £1 Is. on the proceedings. We may

1 The best accounts of the meeting are given in Warminster and Westbury
Journal, July 16th, and Devizes Gazette, July 14th, 21st, and 28th. Short
accounts in Salisbury Journal and Wiltshire Times, July 16th.

vol. xxxin. — no. on. 2 a

346

The Fifty -first General Meeting.

observe that the accounts are cash accounts, and we only take
credit for money actually received. Though we rejoice in possessing
the moral support of all the Members on our books, it would render
our position less difficult, save the Society much postage, and the
Secretaries much correspondence, if Members would either give
their bankers an order to pay their subscriptions, or themselves
pay, at the beginning of the year. It may here perhaps be well to
add, because there seems to be some misapprehension on the
subject, that the rule of the Society is that the Magazine is supplied
at the time of issue to those only whose subscriptions are not in
arrear.

" Members. — The number of Members on the books at the present
time (June, 1904), is three hundred and ninety- two, showing an
increase of twenty-five over last year. We have to regret the loss
by death of five Members, including that of Lord Heytesbury, whose
interest in our proceedings will be so well remembered by those
who took part in our last Warminster Meeting. On the other hand
we have to welcome forty-one new Members, which satisfactory
increase is, we hope, an earnest of the growing interest taken in
our Society and its proceedings.

" The Enlargement of the Museum, — The Society recently acquired
the dwelling-house adjoining the Museum at Devizes. We regret
to report that the house has been vacant since January last, though
every effort has been made to secure a tenant, and the loss of rent
for, at all events, a considerable period of the year unfavourably
affects the financial position. The house was acquired with a view
to the enlargement of the Museum premises, which has become
almost absolutely necessary, and an appeal was made for funds
for this object. The response, so far, in cash and promises, has
amounted to about £350.

" On this sum we have not thought it prudent to commence the
enlargement, but we venture to hope that further support will be
forthcoming. The policy of removing the Museum from Devizes
was fully considered and rejected before the purchase of the ad-
joining house, and, apart from other reasons, we were of opinion
that the financial responsibilities of such a removal were even

The Report.

347

greater than would be involved by remaining at the existing
centre and enlarging the premises. We earnestly hope that the
County Archaeological Society may within a reasonable time possess
a Library and Museum worthy of its contents and the position of
the Society.

" Stonehenge. — The question of access to Stonehenge has recently
entered on a fresh phase. It would seem that the Commons and
Footpaths Preservation Society propose to test the legality of the
enclosure, as alleging it to interfere with a public right of way.
The opinion of your Committee has ever been that in view of the
population recently introduced into a region previously almost
uninhabited, some form of protection must be devised to ensure
the safety of, perhaps, the most remarkable of our national monu-
ments, and that unless adequate protection is afforded, serious
injury to Stonehenge is a mere question of time. Your Committee
assume that such an event would be deprecated by any society,
and by most individuals in the British Isles and elsewhere ; and
without venturing to express any opinion on the technical aspect
of the question of law and fact about to be raised, they feel bound
to express their opinion that the monument has never been so
carefully kept as it is at present ; that some form of fence is
urgently necessary in the interest of the preservation of the monu-
ment, and that none could be less offensive than that which has
been adopted.

" The Magazine. — The recently-issued number of the Magazine
contains an unusual number of illustrations, more especially of
the Koman villa at Box, for a considerable part of which latter we
are indebted to Mr. He ward Bell. There are few ways in which
the work of the Society can be more effectually aided than by help
of this kind.

" Monumental Inscriptions. — An important prospectus has just
been issued to our Members and others of a volume containing the
whole of the monumental inscriptions in the churches, churchyards,
Nonconformist chapels, and cemeteries of the Sub-Deanery of
Sarum and the Eural Deanery of Wilton (with the exception of the
Cathedral), as copied by Mr. T. H. Baker, as well as a description,

2 a 2

348

The Fifty-first General Meeting.

of the church heraldry by the Eev. E. E. Dorling. If one hundred
and fifty subscribers can be secured it is hoped that this volume
may be issued as the first of a series, which shall in time include
the inscriptions of the whole of the county of Wilts.

" The Museum. — The most notable gift during the past year has
been a series of flints, worked and unworked, from the Knowle Pit,
near Savernake, the joint gift of Messrs. W. and B. H. Cunnington
and Mr. J. H. Powell, displaying characteristics bearing on the
question of the origin of the polish, as well as of glacial markings,
&c, with most careful notes on the subject by Mr. W. Cunnington,
F.G.S.

" The Library. — During the past year the filing of local news-
papers has been systematically begun. The Devizes Gazette is filed
by Mr. Medlicott ; The Devizes Advertiser by Mr. Edward Bouverie ;
The Salisbury Journal by the Eev. C. V. Goddard; The Wilts
County Mirror by Mr. H. W. Dartnell ; while The Wiltshire Times
is kindly given by the proprietors. The Committee hope that
some of our Members resident in "Warminster, Marlborough, and
Swindon will file for us copies of those local papers which we do
not now obtain. The Editor of the Magazine finds it impossible
to make his list of ' Wiltshire Books, Articles, &c.' as complete as
it ought to be from lack of access to copies of the various county
papers.

"Excavations. — By the very kind permission of Miss Burgess,
the west wing of the Boman villa at Box, lying under her garden
and lawn, which had not previously been opened, was excavated
in the autumn of 1903. The expense of this extra work, as of the
previous excavation, was again borne by Mr. Heward Bell, and the
work, as before, was superintended, and the foundations planned,
by Mr. H. Brakspear, whose account of the result appears in the
current number of the Magazine. The thanks of the Society, as
representing the archaeologists of the county, are due both to Mr.
Heward Bell and Mr. Brakspear for the completion of this work,
as well as to Mr. T. Hardy, of Box, for the help which he has again
ungrudgingly given.

" In the course of works connected with the re-erection of the

The Report.

349

old Manor House of Berwick St. Leonard at the Ridge, Chilmark,
Mr. Stallybrass, who was in charge of the work, discovered the
remains of several Romano-British pits, and at Capt. Morrison,
M.P.'s expense, several of these have been very carefully excavated
by Mr. Stallybrass, who had the advantage of working under Dr.
Gowland at Stonehenge. The ditches of a camp on the hill above
have also been examined by the same gentleman. A selection of
the objects from these excavations has been kindly presented by
the above gentlemen to our Museum.

" We hope in a future number of the Magazine to publish full
accounts of both these excavations. At Malmesbury Abbey Mr.
H. Brakspear, by means of private subscriptions, has carried out
certain excavations in the hope of recovering the plan of the
destroyed portions of the Abbey Church. The foundations, how-
ever, had been so thoroughly eradicated that the result was very
disappointing.

" In all three of the abovementioned cases the cost of the exca-
vations was discharged by private generosity. The Society gladly
welcomes such important and necessary work, more especially as
its income has never been sufficient to justify its undertaking the
very expensive work of excavation on its own account.

The adoption of the Report having been moved and seconded by
Mr. J. P. Haden and Mr. C. H. Talbot, Lord Bath, in putting
it to the meeting, after expressing a hope that the Museum Ex-
tension Fund would receive a more general support than it had
hitherto, and that substantial progress might shortly be made in
that matter, went on to say that he was glad that the Society took
the view that it did as to the absolute necessity for the preservation
of Stonehenge. As to the much-decried wire fence, everyone who
had been there lately — as he himself had — knew that at a com-
paratively short distance from the monument the fence could not
be seen at all.

The Officers of the Society were then re-elected on the proposition
of"~ the Rev. J. Hamlyn Hill, D.D., seconded by Mr. R, Stone.

350

The Fifty -first General Meeting.

The Auditors and Committee were also re-elected on the proposition
of the Kev. H. E. Whytehead, seconded by Mr. J. U. Powell.

This practically completed the business of the meeting, at which
there was but a small attendance of Members, who forthwith ad-
journed to the charming garden of the vicarage, where the Vicar,
the Kev. H. R. Whytehead, and Mrs. Whytehead most kindly
dispensed tea to a much larger company. THE PARISH CHURCH
was next visited, under the guidance of the Vicar, who said all
there was to say about the building, and incidentally confessed
that there is no foundation for its purely modern designation as
"THE MINSTER " beyond the fact that it is "a large church."
The one little eleventh century window remains as the sole
remnant of the early Church, and the porch, the south aisle of the
chancel, and the tower comprise the remaining medieval work.
The remainder of the spacious and handsome building is the work
of Sir A Blomfield. The Halliday Pew still retains its place in
the south aisle of the chancel after its many adventures.

On account of the somewhat long programme for the evening,
THE ANNIVERSARY DINNER at the Town Hall took place at
6.30, when sixty-one Members and Associates sat down, with the
MARQUESS OF BATH in the chair. The only toast was that of
"The King," and the proceedings of the EVENING MEETING
began at 7.30 with commendable punctuality. The Town Hall
was prettily decorated with flowers, &c, and was quite filled by
an audience such as has not been seen at the evening meetings of
the Society for very many years past. About a hundred and thirty
persons, largely from the town and neighbourhood, were present.
The proceedings of the evening began with the delivery of the
following

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS BY THE MARQUESS OF BATH:-

" Seven-and-twenty years have elapsed since your Society paid
that visit to Warminster when my father occupied this chair
vicariously for my noble friend Lord Avebury, whom we would all
like to have seen here to-day had it been possible for him to be

Presiden tied A ddress.

351

present, both on account of his great fame as an archaeologist
and of his close connection with our county. Eight and forty
years have elapsed since your society honoured my father by
conferring upon him the office which by your indulgent favour and
nattering invitation I hold to-day. Those two periods are not
lengthy in the view of the students of antiquity, but you will all
acknowledge that they are long enough in the span of man's life
to leave gaps in your ranks and to give pause for reflection. No
one here is more sensible than myself that I have no claim as an
archaeologist or an antiquary to fill this responsible and honourable
office to which you have so courteously bidden me. I am afraid I
do not even look the part, and I cannot even venture to hope that
a venerable appearance may suggest for me the character of the
sage for which in other respects I fear I am equally disqualified.
I have been anxious, however, to find some justification for your
choice in electing me as the president of your body, and I can only
do so by recalling to your minds a sentence from Bacon's Advance-
ment of Learning. The passage to which I refer is this : ' To
spea.k truly, antiquitas saeculi juventis mwndi. These times are the
ancient times, when the world is ancient, and not those which we
account ancient ovdine retrogrado, by a computation backward from
ourselves.' On that principle alone am I entitled to preside over
the learned deliberations of a society of antiquarians. I venture,
moreover, to think that the same feeling which prompted my
father's election to this chair nearly half a century ago, and which
accorded to him the kindly greetings of this Society twenty-one
years later, has dictated your selection of your president on this
occasion. It is a feeling that happily traces its roots to centuries
back, so as to satisfy even an exacting archaeologist — it is the
feeling of reciprocal good will and regard which has been the glad
tradition of the associations of my family and of the people of
Warminster in the long ages during which they have lived side by
side. Many eminent and esteemed members of your society have
passed away since 1877, but I would venture to place my humble
tribute of respectful remembrance on the shrine of the memories
of two who were then present. To the Rev. A. C. Smith — then

352

The Fifty -first General Meeting.

one of the General Secretaries — this Society owes more than I feel
qualified to describe. To his exertions much of its prosperity,
much of its usefulness, much of its vigour and fame were due, and
the recollection of all that he so earnestly and effectively achieved
will serve for many years to inspire other generations to follow in
his steps and to emulate his example. There is another name
which I desire to recall, no less for his services to your Society
and to antiquarian research in this county in particular, and
throughout the country generally, than for the personal regard
and esteem in which I and the members of my family always held
him. I refer to Canon Jackson. I know not which I admired
most in him — his rich stores of varied learning, and his industrious
quest after further knowledge, or the modest charm and lavish
generosity with which he imparted those stores to all who sought
for information and assistance at his hands. The pages of the
Magazine, of which he was one of the founders, will keep his
memory green with all who in future years continue to be interested
in the fortunes and the labours of the Wiltshire Archaeological and
Natural History Society. To his learning I personally owe much;
to the study of his simple and noble character I owe far more.
Time does not permit — the occasion does not require — my own
inefficiency forbids that I should venture to address to you any
remarks upon the subjects which occupy your studies as Members
of this Society, and upon which you are acknowledged experts and
recognised authorities. I will satisfy myself with offering you a
warm welcome on your return to Warminster and its neighbour-
hood. I congratulate you on the valuable contributions to
antiquarian research which the annals of your Society record. I
trust that your visit may be productive of much personal
gratification to all of you, and of the revival of many agreeable
associations. May fair weather shine on your excursions/and may
every object of your reunion be abundantly and fruitfully
accomplished. In glancing at the list of subjects which are to be
dealt with by the authors of the various papers which are to form
the topics of your discussions, and in turning over the pages in
which the history of your former meetings is preserved, I

Wednesday, July 13th.

353

confidently claim that the Members of your Society are pre-
eminently entitled to rank with distinction among those who

Find tongues in trees, books in the running brooks,

Sermons in stones, and good in everything.

THE KEV. E. H. GODDARD followed with a "talk" on the
" BKONZE AGE AND LATE CELTIC REMAINS IN WILTSHIRE."
He gave a general review of the subject, and so far as time allowed
mentioned some of the more interesting finds of the period in the
county, illustrating his remarks on the blackboard as he went along.

THE REV. E. P. KNUBLEY then gave a very interesting " talk "
on " THE BIRDS OF THE DISTRICT," mentioning the occurrence
of two or three new birds in the county since the publication of
Mr. Smith's Birds of Wiltshire, and dwelling especially on the
fact that the Dipper had for several years past been trying to
establish itself at Castle Combe and the neighbourhood, and was
only prevented from spreading by the fact that it was continually
shot by keepers under the mistaken notion that it fed on the
youthful trout, whereas as a matter of fact it feeds chiefly on the
larvte of the water beetle, and the dragon fly, which are themselves
the young fry's worst enemies. All lovers of birds will join with
Mr. Knubley in his earnest appeal to owners of streams and others,
to give protection to this interesting bird whenever it appears
within the county.

The third item on the programme was a paper by the REV. D.
MACLEANE on " THE WARMINSTER PLOT TO KILL JAMES II," 1

WEDNESDAY, JULY 13th.

A large party left the Town Hall at 9.30, and proceeded by the
very lovely drive, with magnificent trees on either hand, directly
to LONGLEAT, where the MARQUESS OF BATH received them and
conducted them over the house, some of the special treasures of
the library — Caxtons and Early Folios of Shakspeare — being dis-
played for their edification. Amongst other objects of interest
attention was called to a couple of old wooden water pipes, said

Reprinted in full in Warminster and Westbury Journal, July 16th, 1904.

354

The Fifty-first General Meeting.

to be of alder wood, found during the drainage works then in
progress. After wandering over the roof and enjoying the views
therefrom, Mr. Bouverie having said a few words of thanks to
Lord Bath for all his kindness, the party left for SHE A EW A TEE,
where, in a delightfully cool tent, among the trees close to the
beautiful lake, a sumptuous lunch given by the Local Committee
awaited them, to which one hundred and six Members and their
friends sat down.

At 2 o'clock the brakes started again for MAIDEN BEADLEY,
the first point to be visited being, by kind permission of Mr.
Compton, the PEIOEY FAEM, where ME. SCANES read his notes
on the origin and history of the Leper Hospital and Priory. The
interesting range of buildings — now stables and cow-houses — was
inspected, but unfortunately no one present was able to throw any
light on their original purpose. It is much to be wished that
Mr. Brakspear or some other expert on monastic houses should
examine and describe these buildings.

Returning to the village, Mr. Scanes exhibited a portion of his
collection of local fossils in the school, and read a paper on the
geology of the district. Unhappily time had run short and this
item of the programme was unavoidably too much hurried over.
As they walked on through the village many of the Members
visited the fine old house, now " Walton's General Stores," and
formerly " The New Inn." Much admiration was expressed for
its spacious and imposing oak staircase, and the fine stone mantel-
piece and remains of interesting plaster friezes in the rooms upstairs.

At THE CHUECH the Vicar, THE EEV. E. CHAMBEELAINE,
gave an account of the building, and Mr. Scanes drew attention to
a curious incised slab now lying in the churchyard (having been
turned out of the Church at the restoration), the device on which
is worn and difficult to make out.

From the churchyard the Members passed on to BEADLEY
HOUSE, where THE DUKE AND DUCHESS OF SOMEESET
entertained them at tea most hospitably, afterwards showing the
various objects of interest in the house, including a number of fine
deeds with great seals attached to them, and the three contemporary

Wednesday, July 13th. 355

marble portrait busts over the mantelpiece in the dining-room, of
Henry VIII, Edward VI., and Elizabeth.

At 5.20 the carriages left for Warminster, and at 8 o'clock the
EVENING MEETING began with a paper1 by MR. R. U. POWELL,
on "THE FOUNDATION OF CHRISTIANITY IN WESSEX,"
dealing chiefly with the life and work of Birinus. This was
followed by one by the REV. C. E. B. BARNWELL,2 on the same
subject, with St. Aldhelm's life and times as its central motive.
Mr. Barnwell touched on the question of the derivation of the
name " Malmesbury," and characterised the Bishop of Bristol's
proposed derivation from Aldhelm as one which he could be hardly
serious in suggesting.

The REV. R. G. PENNY came next with a paper on "THE
SUPPOSED INFLUENCES OF THE EASTERN CHURCH ON
ENGLISH ECCLESIASTICAL ARCHITECTURE, WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO THE SOLID SCREEN IN STOCKTON CHURCH,"
in the course of which he demolished Dr. Baron's theory that the
Stockton screen was a survival of the " Iconostasis " of the Eastern
Church. After this Natural History was again to the fore in a
dissertation by MR. J. LUCAS on " THE FLOWERS OF THE
DISTRICT," in which he dealt at some length on the fertilization
of orchids, illustrating his remarks with carefully drawn diagrams.

The last paper to be read 3 was by the REV. T. J. LAWRENCE,
LL.D., on "KING ALFRED AND HIS CONNECTION WITH THE
DISTRICT." It was an eloquent survey of the wars of Alfred, in
which he summed up the evidence in favour of the Wiltshire
Ethandune as an orthodox Wiltshireman should. He followed Mr.
Stevenson in locating EcbrightVStane at Penselwood, and in
identifying Iglea with Ilegh, a portion of Southleigh Wood, on
the borders of Warminster and Heytesbury.

The Town Hall was again quite filled, as it had been the previous

1 Reprinted in full, Warminster and Westbury Journal, July 30th, 1904.

2 Printed in full, Warminster and Westbury Journal, August 13th, 1904.

3 This paper is printed in full in Warminster and Westbury Journal, July
23rd, 1904

356

The Fifty -first General Meeting.

evening, and again, between the papers, some admirable music,
part songs, and solos, were provided by ladies and gentlemen of
the town. Indeed nothing had been left undone by the Local
Committee and their indefatigable Secretaries, Messrs. J. U. Powell
and M. J. Wakeman, to make the evening meetings the success
they undoubtedly were. The papers and addresses were necessarily
— from the subjects, and from the shortness of the time available
for each — cast on " popular " lines, but if they placed on record
nothing very new, they at least avoided being dull, and kept the
interest of the large audience alive throughout the proceedings.

THURSDAY, JULY 14th.

The Members started on the last day's excursion at 9 o'clock,
and a two hours' drive brought them to STOUETON at 11 o'clock.
Here THE CHUKCH was first visited under the guidance of
ME. J. U. POWELL, and then THE BEISTOL CEOSS, as to the
history and present excellent condition of which the EEV. E. H.
GODDAED said what was necessary.

SIE HENEY HO A EE then took the party in charge and led
them through the grounds surrounding the lake of Stourhead, the
most beautiful grounds in the County of Wilts, where the magnifi-
cent conifers and the lovely views over the water tempted people
to linger until the imperious whistle of the Local Secretary
called them to hurry up to lunch at the inn — a lunch at which
sixty were present — again provided, as- was that of the previous
day, by the generous hospitality of the Local Committee.

Starting again at 1.30, MEEE CHUECH was reached about 2
o'clock, and before entering the building ME. E. 0. P. BOUVEEIE,
in the name of the Society, took occasion to express the gratitude
of all who had taken part in the meeting for the generosity of the
Local Committee, who had provided the lunches, and for the
unwearied efforts of MESSES. POWELL AND WAKEMAN, the
Local Secretaries, especially the latter, upon whom the main burden
of the onerous arrangements had fallen. Mr. "Wakeman having
spoken shortly in acknowledgment, the EEV. J. A. LLOYD, the

Thursday, July 14ih.

357

Vicar, led the way into the beautiful and most interesting Church
— the history of which he proceeded to describe. Unfortunately
the distance from Warminster made it necessary for those who
had to catch the afternoon trains to leave Mere at 3.30, whilst the
remainder of the party stayed on and visited first the CHANTEY
HOUSE, by kind permisssion of DR. LONG, and afterwards, under
the guidance of MR. T. H. BAKER, the very interesting house and
chapel of WOODLANDS. The long drive back to Warminster by
the Deverill valley brought the meeting of 1904 to a close — a
meeting favoured throughout by perfect weather, in which the
beautiful woodland scenery of Longleat and Stourhead was looking
its loveliest. Indeed the excursions on both days were singularly
enjoyable, though it must be confessed that the leaven of archaeology
was not too conspicuous. Probably the most striking features of
the meeting were the popular success of the evening meetings, and
the prominent place given to geology, botany, and ornithology
during the proceedings. Certainly, in point of the numbers at-
tending, and in the amount of interest taken locally in the pro-
ceedings, the Warminster Meeting of 1904 will compare favorably
with any meeting held for the last twenty years.

358

§\x % ^pwjjnatiott of t\t Jiatorg of §kotL

By the Rev. W. G. Clark-Maxwell, F.S.A.

gl|I|©E are all familiar with the fact, that in nearly all the ancient
mWm parishes of England and Wales, we find the Incumbent
styled either Kector or Vicar, but if we were asked to explain how
this came to be, or what is the difference between the offices
designated by these two names, we might not find it easy to give
a satisfactory reply. We have a general impression that " Kector "
is more honorific than " Vicar," but wherein consists the superiority?
Not in the comparative size or importance of the parish, nor in
the amount of income; huge towns like Leeds or Newcastle-on-Tyne
have a Vicar, while many a tiny country parish rejoices in the
dignity of a Eectory. The reason often stated, that the Rector
receives the whole of the tithe of the parish and is charged with
the maintenance and repair of the chancel of the Church, while
the Vicar receives only the vicarial or " small " tithes, and is free
of any obligation respecting the chancel, is undoubtedly true, as
far as it goes ; but it leaves unanswered the question, how this
distinction ever came to be drawn. We shall be on safer ground,
if we begin by recognizing that in all parishes there is a Rector of
some kind ; either a clerical Kector, performing his duties in
person, and receiving the ancient emolument assigned in the shape
of tithe to the maintenance of the Church and its Priest : or what
is termed a lay-Rector, who may be a College, Corporation, or
more frequently a private individual, who discharges his duties by
deputy or Vicar ( vicarius ), to whom he pays over such portion of
the tithes as is agreed upon, retaining the rest himself, with the
obligation to repair the chancel.

To find the historical causes for this severance of Rectories from
Parish Priests, we must go back to the times before the dissolution
of the Monasteries ; for I think it can be laid down as a general
principle that wherever we find a Vicar to-day, it proves that the

On the Ajipropriation of the Rectory of Zacock. 359

Eectory and Sectorial tithes were held by a monastic house. The
way in which these came into the possession of the various houses
was by Appropriation of the Eectory, as it was called ; of which
we shall see an example in the case of Lacock.

The endowments of the religious houses consisted amongst other
things of Advowsons, or the right of presentation to various
benefices, usually those of the churches where the Abbey or Priory
was Lord of the Manor. It should be remembered, however, that
this implies nothing more than the right of nominating a suitable
person to the Bishop for institution to the benefice, not any par-
ticipation in the income of the living. But as it was not un-
common for the Eector of a well-endowed parish to procure his
duties to be discharged by a deputy, styled the vicarius, while he
himself did not reside, it seems soon to have suggested itself as a
possible augmentation of the monastic revenues to appoint the
house itself as Eector, and make arrangements for what was called
a perpetual vicariate. It may also have been considered that
regulars, as the religious were called, would ensure a more diligent
and conscientious discharge of the incumbent's duties than the
secular clergy, whom it was the fashion to represent as lax in
morals, and remiss in discipline. Be that, however, as it may, by
the time of the foundation of Lacock Abbey in 1232, the appropri-
ation of benefices was a recognised method of increasing the
income of a religious house, and was controlled by various well
understood regulations. The Bishop was required to make the
appropriation on due cause being shewn to him for so doing, and
all vested interests, and the spiritual oversight of the parish, had
to be carefully considered. A considerable number of deeds were
thus required to be executed, and we are fortunate in possessing
what seems to be a pretty complete series in the case of Lacock.
In this instance the matter was further complicated by the fact
that the Abbey possessed only half the advowson, or the right of
alternate presentation to the living, the other half being in the
hands of the lords of the manor of Lackham in the parish of
Lacock.1 This seems to render it probable that in the first instance
1 Appendix No. I. v. note.

360 On the Appropriation of the Rectory of Lacock.

the Church of Lacock had been built at the joint expense of the
lords of Lacock and Lackham, and the parish formed by the
coalescence of these two manors. It had been agreed, before the
foundation of the Abbey, that the contemplated arrangement
should not interfere with the rights of the Parish Church or the
Kector thereof ; 1 but as time went on, the Nuns began to try to
get part of the Hector's income into their own hands, and at p. 355
of the Cartulary2 we find that Nicholas Longespee, then Rector,
and afterwards Bishop of Salisbury, surrenders to them the third
part of the tithes on their demesne lands within the parish of
Lacock, which they had, in fact, enjoyed ever since the foundation
of the Abbey. The date of this instrument is 1290, and it is
confirmed by William de la Corner, Bishop of Salisbury from 1289
— 1292, when Nicholas Longespee succeeded him. Still, there was
one great obstacle which prevented the nuns from doing as most
other religious houses had done, and as they themselves had done
in the case of Winterbourne Shrewton as early as 1241, and
obtaining the appropriation of the Rectory to their own uses : and
that was, that they only held the alternate right of presentation,
or half the patronage. Before the benefice could be appropriated
it was necessary for them to acquire the whole patronage, and
accordingly they seem to have entered into negotiations with
Sir John Bluet, lord of Lackham and co-patron, with a view
to buying out his interest. What course these took we are
not able to trace with exactitude ; but by the beginning of the
year 1312 an agreement seems to have been reached, and
Simon of Ghent, then Bishop, issues his formal sentence of
appropriation, which is preserved in the Record Office.8 The
reasons assigned are the death of Margaret, Countess of Lincoln,
patroness of the house (or direct descendant of the foundress),4 and

1 Older Cartulary, fol. 176. Newer, fol. 5a. Appendix No. II.
2 Appendix No. III.
3 Court of Wards, Deeds, &c, Box 94 E, No. 66, (Appendix No. IV.).
4 She was daughter and heiress of William Longespee III., and so great-
granddaughter of the foundress ; she married Henry Laci, Earl of Lincoln,
and died in 1309. (Bowles & Nichols, p. 149.)

By the Rev. W. G. Clark- Maxwell, F.S.A.

361

the desire to avoid any possible cause of disagreement, in conse-
quence of the divided patronage, and states that the appropriation
of the Bectory is to be subject to Eoyal Licence. The reason for
this was in all probability, that the statute of mortmain (1279)
forbade the acquisition by a religious house, except under Eoyal
Licence, of any lay fee, and the right of presentation of the Bluet
family would be reckoned as such. Accordingly we find in the
Patent Eolls a licence issued 4th March, 131 2,1 empowering them
to acquire Bluet's half of the advowson, and to appropriate the
Church. For this licence they had to pay a fine of 100s., repre-
senting the capitalized value of the fines which the Crown might
expect to levy on each successive owner of this turn of patronage-
The Bishop thereupon issued, on March 6th, 1312, a set of "ordi-
nations," or conditions to be observed in the appropriation, which
are summarized here as follows, the full text being printed in the
Appendix (No. V.)

The Bishop appropriates the church to the nuns, who were
to :—

(1) Find a priest to say mass for Bluet's soul daily in the Lady

Chapel of the Abbey Church which was to be built at
their joint cost.

(2) Cause one of their chaplains to say daily a mass of the B.

Virgin in the aforesaid chapel. During these two masses
four candles to burn in the four corners of Bluet's tomb.

(3) On his anniversary to distribute \d. each to one thousand

poor people. (This was still kept up at the Eeformation
where the Valor Eccl. shows a payment of £2 Is. 8d. to
the poor on St. Petronilla Virgin, May 31st).

1 Pat. Roll Cal. 1311-2. "Licence, after inquisition ad quod damnum
taken by Walter de Gloucestre, escheator beyond Trent, for the alienation in
mortmain by John Bluet, tenant in chief, to the abbess and nuns of Lacok,
tenants in chief, with whom alternately he has the right of patronage in the
advowson of the Church of St. Cyriac, Lacok, of his turn of presentation to
that Church. Licence also for them to appropriate the Church. By tine of
100*."

VOL. XXXIII. — NO. CII.

362 On the Appropriation of the Rectory of Lacock.

(4) To admit on his nomination, or that of his successors
after him, a suitable person as a nun in their house.

This instrument was also executed by the Convent at Lacock on
the day following.

These details being thus settled, Sir John Bluet executed a deed
bearing date the Friday after St. Laurence, 6 Ed. II. (11-17 Aug.,
1312), in which he formally resigns his right in the alternate
presentation, according to the tenour of the Eoyal letters patent,
the Abbess and convent being bound to do " a certain alms "
according to the Bishop of Salisbury's ordination. This deed is
still preserved at Lacock (Appendix No. VI.).

It was not, however, only the King who stood to lose money in
the shape of fees and fines, by the falling of the entire patronage
of the Church into the " dead hand " of the Abbey ; in consequence
of the appropriation, there would be no more Eectors instituted,
and consequently the Archdeacon of Wilts would lose certain
fees, which he had been accustomed to receive. He appears to
have represented this to the Bishop, who thereupon issued an
order, which was copied into the older Cartulary, directing that
as soon as the abbess and nuns should have obtained peaceable
possession of the Church, they should pay the Archdeacon three
shillings annually on Lady Day ; the procurations and other
ordinary burdens were, nevertheless, still to be paid as usual.
(Appendix No. VII.)

All these arrangements were, however, dependent on the Abbey
obtaining possession of the Rectory by the death or resignation of
the then incumbent, Robert de Dorinton ; and as he continued to
hold the living, the nuns seem to have pressed for some immediate
acknowledgement of their position as Impropriators. The consent
of both Rector and Patron was obtained, and is on record, the
former in a Latin letter (P.R.O., Ct. of Wards, 94 E, 29), and the
latter in one in French (Ibid, 94 B, 117), both addressed to the
Bishop, and promising to abide by his decision. Beth these are
printed in the Appendix (Nos. VIII. and IX.), but a translation
of Sir John Bluet's letter may be of interest, as it is of a more

By the Bev. W. G. Clark-Maxwell, F.S.A.

363

personal character than most of the documents which we have
been considering : —

" To the honourable Father in God, Simon Bishop of Salisbury, his knight
John Bluet sends greeting :

" Dear Sir, since Sir Kobert de Dorinton, parson of the Church of Lacok
in your diocese, which you have appropriated to the Abbess and Convent of
Lacok, is willing in the name of charity and in aid of them, to submit himself
and his church with all rights and appurtenances, to your decision, and to
agree by his letter, that you shall appoint to the Abbess and Convent a pension
from his church, so that by the payment and receipt of this pension they may
have possession of the church : I humbly pray that it would please you, to
appoint to the Abbess and Convent, a pension according to the form of the
submission of the aforesaid parson, so dear sir, that they can have possession
of the church, and enforce their right, in right of the appropriation; And I
also who formerly had the advowson of the same church, with the Abbess
and Convent, agree and bind myself and my heirs and assigns, to hold and
have as firm and lasting whatever it shall please you to appoint and do. And
in witness [&c] Given at Lacok the Sunday before the feast of St.
Augustine1 the seventh year of Edward son of King Edward."

This letter is dated at the end of August, 1313, and John de
Dorin ton's letter on the 17th June preceding ; but no decision
seems to have been come to in the matter till June 7th, 1315. The
reason of this may be the ill -health of the Bishop, who died in this
year, and the instrument issued in the name of Eichard of Battle,
one .of the Canons, acting in the vacancy of the see as " official " by
the appointment of Walter (Key n olds) Archbishop of Canterbury.1
The document after citing the original appropriation of 1312, goes
on to fix half-a-mark as to be paid annually to the Abbess and
Convent during the Eector's lifetime, as an acknowledgment that
he held the Church of them.

The Abbey being now fully recognised as possessed of the
Eectory, had to carry out their part of the bargain with regard
to the building of the Lady Chapel in the Abbey. It had been
begun at least as early as 1312; as on the Wednesday before

1 This was probably the feast of S. Austin of Hippo, on August 28th, not
that of the Archbishop of Canterbury, on May 26th, which would throw the
date into 1314.

2 Appendix No. X. For an account of how episcopal jurisdiction came
to be vested in the Chapter of Salisbury during the vacancy of the see, vide
Diocesan History of Salisbury (S.P.C.K.), p. 112.

2 B 2

364 On the Appropriation of the Rectory of Lacock.

Michaelmas of that year the Abbess and Convent entered into a
bond to Sir John Bluet to finish the chapel before Michaelmas,
1319, under penalty of 200 marks, which sum, if they performed
their bargain, was to be applied towards the cost of the work.
This bond is preserved in the Record Office, and is printed in the
Appendix (No. XI.). By 1315, however, either they found them-
selves unable to carry out their obligation, or some change was
introduced into the plan, and a new agreement, now preserved at
Lacock, and printed in vol. xvi. of the Magazine, p. 350, was drawn
up on the Thursday after St. Bartholomew (Aug. 24th), 1315.
Two bonds bearing date the Saturday after the Nativity of the
Virgin (Sept. 8th), 1315, provided for the completion of two-thirds
of the work under penalty of £88 18s., and of the remaining one-
third under penalty of £44 9s., are now in the Kecord Office.1 No
dates are specified in these bonds, but in the agreement itself
eight and four. years respectively are mentioned for the completion
of the two portions of the work. As we have no record to the
contrary, it may be assumed that the chapel was finished within
the time specified; i.e., before July 7th, 1328.

In 1318 Nicholas Skarpenham was presented to the Vicarage,
but no settled arrangement had been made for the permanent
endowment of the charge. Power had been reserved by the
instrument of appropriation in 1312 to "ordain " the Vicarage, in
case of it not being done by the patron, and thus we find in 1337,
the Bishop of Salisbury (Robert Wy ville) issuing his " ordinationes "
which were duly copied into the Older Cartulary, p. 3b, from which
they are here printed (Appendix, No. XIV.). The chief points may
thus be summarized : — The Vicarage was to consist of (1) the
" manse " or dwelling-house ; (2) ten acres of arable land ; (3)
right of pasture to the annual value of at least twenty pence ; (4)
the oblations of all kinds both in the Parish Church and the Chapel
of Lackham ; (5) the small tithes, including those of wool and
lambs, of cheese and milk, of cows, calves, foals, young pigs, geese,
hemp, and flax ; (6) the tithe of all mills in the parish ; (7) an

1 Court of Wards, Deeds, &c, Box 94 E, 21, 107. App. XII. and XIII.

By the Rev. W. G. Clark -Maxwell, F.S.A.

365

annual payment of 20s. at Michaelmas and Easter in equal portions.
The total receipts were assessed at £5, and had to pay tithe on
this basis ; a sum of 3s. 9d. was charged against the Vicar for rent.
Out of this he was to find a clerk for the Church at his own charge,
and was to bear all ordinary and archidiaconal burdens, except
the liability to repair the chancel.

In the Valor Ecclesiasticus of 1535 the value of the Eectory was
returned as worth (in common years) £6, out of which was to be
paid to the Vicar, as stated in the ordination of 1337, £1 per
annum. Eichard Burton, the Vicar, returns the Vicarage as worth
£9 Is. M., from which he paid for procurations and synodals VSs.9d.,
and 3s. 9d. to the Abbess as rent.

APPENDIX No. I.

P.R.O. Catalogue of Ancient Deeds, A. 10,254. Copied into Older Cartulary,
p. 185. Newer, 9a and 366.

" Hec est conuencio inter comitem W. Sar[isburie] et Rad[ulfum] Bloet
uicinum suum de Ecclesia Lach' que est in communi feodo eorum et in
communi aduocacione eorum scilicet quod conuentum est inter eos communi
consideratione et assensu eorum et amicorum suorum ad remouendam omnem
discordiam et litigium quod unus ex aduocatis habeat donationem predicte
Ecclesie cum omnibus pertinentiis suis una uice et p [er] sonam ecclesie
idoneam et honoriricam ponat, et post decessum p[er]sone reueniat donatio
predicte Ecclesie alteri aduocato cum omnibus pertinentiis suis. Et tunc idem
aduocatus p[er]sonam ecclesie idoneam et honorificam ponat ita libere et
quiete sicut alter prius posuit. Et ita inter eos et heredes eorum permaneat,
quod unus ex aduocatis habeat donationem una uice huius prefate Ecclesie
et alter altera uice, et p [erjsona utrique domino sit obediens sicut
aduocatis. Conuentum est etiam inter predictos dominos quod nec comes
nec sui heredes nec Radulfus Bloet nec sui heredes prefatam ecclesiam dare
possint in religionem uel in alium locum, quod unus per alterum|donationem
amittat. Testibus : A. Comitissa. {Com' a) Rogero filio Gaufr[idi].
Roberto fratre suo. W. de sancto Martino. Ricardo de Herierd. W. Bloet.
Waltero Bloet. Ricardo Vic[ecomite]. Ricardo Cotel. Godefr[ido] de
Sancto Mart[ino]. Willelmo de Poertona. Willelmo Capell [ano]. Ricardo
Capell[ano] Lach'. W. filio War[ini]. Rogero Dernef[ord]."

" Lacok de vocacione ecclesie [in dorso]."

Note. — This deed, being witnessed by the Countess A[lionora ?],
seems to prove that the Earl William who is one of the parties to
the agreement is the father, and not the husband, of Ela, the

366 On the Appropriation of the Rectory of Lacoch.

foundress of Lacock : in which case the date of the document must
fall between 1168, when he became Earl, and 1196, the date of
his death, and during the shrievalty of Kichard de Wilton, 1163 —
1179.

The Eecord Office document is the original chirograph. It is
curious to find what must be meant for Lacock Church described
therein as " Ecclesia de Lach'," which usually stands for Lackham.
This peculiar contraction, which should be extended " Lachoc,"
is repeated on p. 185 of the older Cartulary, though the endorse-
ment in the one case, and the marginal title in the other, both
read " Lacok." The deed has been twice copied into the newer
Cartulary. On pp. 9a and 36b both places read " Lacok," though
on p. 9 the name of the first witness is given as " E. comitissa,"
i.e., Ela ; this seems manifestly an error.

APPENDIX No. II.

P.R.O. Court of Wards, Deeds, etc. Box 94 B. 28. Older Cart. lib.
Newer 5a.

"Convenit inter dominam Comitissam Sarum, requirentem assensum
Joharmis Rectoris Ecclesie de Lacock ad edificandam Abbathiam monialium
in parrochia sua de Lacok, ex una parte ; et eundem Johannem Rectorem
ex altera : videlicet, quod dicta Ela Comitissa, ut predictum ipsius propositum
ingressum pacificum penitus et progressum perpetuo sortiretur, obligavit se
et heredes suos per presens scriptum de omnimoda indempnitate dicte
Ecclesie de Lacok imperpetuum conservanda tarn in decimis majoribus et
minoribus quarumcunque rerum, secundum quod debentur a laicis decimari,
quam in sepulturis mortuorum et in obventionibus et legatis et in aliis
quibuscunque proventibus jure pastorali ad Ecclesiam pertinentibus memo-
ratam, non obstante aliquo privilegio generali vel speciali impetrato vel in
posterum impetrando ; ita tamen quod liceat libere familie Abbatisse predicte
quocumque voluerint alibi sive in vita sive in morte ecclesiastica percipere
sacramenta et oblationes facere et legata. Capellani vero qui in Abbathia
jam dicta divina pro tempore celebrabunt, Rectori prefate Ecclesie Parochialis
fidelitatem jurabunt de indempnitate ejusdem Ecclesie convervanda; et cum
merit ibi Abbatissa disponente Domino constituta, ipsa et ejus conventus per
cartam suam cavebunt de indempnitate omnimoda dicte matricis Ecclesie
conservanda sicut predictum est. Et hoc faciet quelibet A bbatissa post aliam.
Quod si forte actis ibi aliquibus indiscrete limam correctionis apponere sit
necesse, dicta Comitissa dictam domum jurisdictioni Episcopi et Capituli
Sarum subjecit, ac ejusdem excessus commisit eisdem appelatione postposita

By the Rev. W. G. Clark- Maxwell, F.S.A.

367

corrigendos. Ut autem ista conventio robur optineat perpetue firmitatis,
confectum est inter prefatos Comitissam et Eectorem presens Cyrographum
bipartitum, cujus partes hinc inde acceptate et sigillis eorum signate remanent
penes ipsos in istius conventionis perpetuum argumentum. Actum apud
Sarresbur [iam] in presentia domini Roberti Sarr[isburiensis] Episcopi,
Domini Willelmi Decani, Rogeri Precentoris, Roberti Cancellarii, Edmundi
Thesaurarii, tertio nonas Aprilis, anno gratie M°. CC°. XX0. Nono."

APPENDIX No. III.

Lacock Abbey. Newer Cartulary (fol. 35, b).
"Pateat universis quod nos Willelmus, Dei permissione Episcopus Sarum,
inspeximus quandam compositionem initam inter discretum virum dominum
Nicholaum Longespee, Thesaurarium Ecclesie nostre Sar' Rectorem Ecclesie
de Lacock, vero sigillo dicti Domini Nicholai signatam, ex parte una, et
religiosas dominas dominam Julianam Dei gratia Abbatissam Monasterii de
Lacock et ejus Conventum ex altera, sub eo qui sequitur tenore. Universis
sancte Matris Ecclesie filiis, presentes literas inspecturis, Nicholaus Longespee,
Rector Ecclesie de Lacock, Sarum Dyocesis, salutem in Domino. Ad uni-
versitatis vestre notitiam tenore presentium volo pervenire quod cum suscitata
esset querela inter me et religiosas dominas dominam Julianam Dei gratia
Abbatissam Monasterii de Lacock et ejus Conventum, super tertia parte
decimarum garbarum de dominico suo provenientium, videlicet de terris suis
que jacent in le Hinhoc, in Weteleye, in le Langeley, Suthbiria in Asseleye,
in le Inlonde super Cockeleye, et in Monlesham, quas infra limites Parrochie
mee de Lacock percipiunt, et se percipere debere dicunt Abbatissa et Con-
ventus supradicte, de dono venerabilis domine, domine Ele Longespee,
Comitisse Sarum, matris mee, predicti Monasterii Fundatricis. Hec tandem
ad perpetue pacis fundamentum compositio inter nos amicabilis intercessit,
videlicet quod ego, quam tenuis et exilis sit earum porcio decimarum pre-
dictarum quas sine gravi detrimento predicte Ecclesie de Lacock percipere
possunt et habere, quamque jugis et intenta sit earundem devocio apud
Deum devote perpendens, de voluntate et assensu expresso Reverendi Patris
domini Willelmi Dei gratia [ Sarum] Episcopi ac venerabilium dominorum
Symonis Decani et Capituli Sarum, pro me et successoribus meis, sponte
pure et absolute concedo ut dictum Monasterium de Lacock, et Sanctimoniales
inibi Deo servientes et futuris temporibus serviture, habeant percipiant et in
perpetuum possideant integre pacifice et inconcussetertiam partem decimarum
predictarum de supradicto dominico suo proveniencium, sicut a tempore
fundacionis sue perceperunt et percipiunt in presenti. Renuncians simpliciter
et expresse pro me et successoribus meis omni exactioni prosecutioni et juri
quod michi et eisdem competunt in hac parte vel in futurum competere
possunt quoquo modo. In cujus rei fidem et testimonium presens scriptum
sigilli mei impressione munivi. Hujus rei sunt testes Dominus Johannes de
Schryvenham vicarius perpetuus de Lacock, Willelmus de Wollesleye vicarius
de Kalne, Johannes vicarius de Canyngg, Benedictus de Lincoln clericus,
Willelmus scriptor, Johannes de Herterigg, Lambertus de Roscumbe,
Nicholaus de Rudham, et plures alii. Datum apud Kalne, tertio nonas

368 On the Appropriation of the Rectory of Lacock.

Septembris, anno Domini M°. CC°. nonagesimo. Quam compositionem
ratam habentes et acceptam, ipsam auctoritate pontificali ad peticionem
dictarum parcium de consensu Decani et Capituli Ecclesie nostre Sar[um]
duximus confirmandam. In cujus rei testimonium presentes litteras tarn
sigilli nostri quam Decani et Capituli nostri Sar [umj impressione fecimus
communiri. Datum apud Sunnyngg tercio decimo kal. Aprilis, anno Domini
millesimo ducentesimo nonagesimo, et consecrationis nostre secundo."

APPENDIX No. IV.

P.E.O. Court of Wards, Deeds, etc. Box 94 E 66.

" Simon Saresbir' Episcopus (&c.) Abbatisse et Conuentui Monasterii de
Lacok ordinis sancti Augustini (&c.) Licet (&c.) exeo presertim quod domina
Margareta de Lacy quondam Comitissa Lincoln', Monasterii vestri Patrona
et alie persone nobiles (&c.) ab hac luce migrarunt. Considerantes eciam
quod quia iure presentandi nobis ad ecclesiam parochialem de Lacok (&c.)
ad vos et dominum Johannem Bluet Militem, alternis vicibus pertinente, inter
vos et eundem Militem discordie que suboriri possent, occasiones horretis
Jus vestrum nostre ordinacioni submisistis ; predictam ecclesiam cum iuribus
(&c.) uniuersis, a tempore quo proximo vacare contigerit vobis et vestro
Monasterio licencia Edwardi Kegis concedimus auctoritate pontificali in
usus proprios appropriamus (&c.) Salua nobis (&c.) potestate vicariam
perpetuam si ordinata non fuerit, ordinandi (&c.) Ad quam personam (&c.)
ydoneam per vos (&c.) volumus (presentari) (&c.) Datum apud Remmesbury
v Non' Marcii, Anno Domini Mill'io (Trecentesimo) undecimo (&c.)."

APPENDIX No. V.
Older Cartulary of Lacock Abbey, p. 76a.

" Ordinationes episcopi Sarrisburiensis super appropriacionem ecclesie de
Lacok.

" Universis sancte matris ecclesie filiis ad quorum noticiam pervenerit hec
scriptura, Simon permissione divina Sarrisburiensis episcopus salutem in
domino sempiternam. Juris atque naturalis ratio suadet quod miserabilium
personarum benefactoribus, ut allecturis et repensivis beneficiis eorum
augeatur devocio, beneficia rependantur. Attendens siquidem quod dilectus
in Christo films dominus Johannes Bluet miles necessitates et adversitates
pauperum monialium monasterii de Lacok nostre diocesis intime compassionis
oculis intuens prout earum et alia fida relacio continuata que presidia attes-
tantur quamplura contulerit et conferat subsidia caritatis, jurium etiam et
libertatum earum et monasterii interius et exterius precipuus est defensor,
necnon in tribulationibus et adversitatibus earundem fiducialis adjutor,
parochialem etiam ecclesiam de Lacok nostre predicte diocesis, ad qnam
cum vacaret dictus miles et religiose predicte quoque debebant alternis
vicibus presentare, de ejusdem militis et religiosarum ipsarum jus suum
hacinde ordinationi nostre pro bono pacis quietis et securitatis earundem
necnon divini cultus augmento submittentium expresso consensu, eisdem

By the Rev. W. G. Clark-Maxwell, F.S.A. 369

religiosis canonice appropriaverimus intuitu caritatis. Nos premissis et aliis
predicti militis devocionis et (aliis) pietatis operibus, que pro prefatis religiosis
excercuit indies, et excercet, et eciam excercebit deinceps ut speratur, pensatis,
et presertim ut idem miles suique successores dictis religiosis et earum
monasterio ad continuanda hujus pietatis opera dilectionis vinculo spiritualius
excitantur ; sufficient! deliberacione prima, ponderatoque predicte sub-
missions effectu, de predictarum Abbatisse et Conventus unanimi et expresso
consensu tenore presencium ordinamus quod quamcitius Abbatissa et Con-
ventus predicte possessionem pacificam predicte ecclesie de Lacok hujus
nostre appropriationis optentu fuerint assecute ipsius quoque fructus, ob-
ventiones et proventus, quatenus ad rectoriam ejusdem ecclesie pertinere
noscuntur, perceperint, teneantur de bonis predicte appropriate ecclesie sic
perceptis, unum presbiterum per loci Arcliidiaconum admittendum earum
sumptibus exhibere, qui in capella in honorem virginis gloriose conventuali
ecclesie de Lacok predicte contigua, communibus sumptibus Abbatisse et
Conventibus et militis predictorum erecta, pro dicti militis et domine
Margerie dudum uxoris sue ac progenitorum suorum, dictique monasterii
benefactorum, et omnium fidelium defunctorum animabus, diebus singulis
debeat in perpetuum celebrare, quod quoque per aliquem de predicti monasterii
presbiteris, cotidie in predicta capella una missa cum nota de beata virgine
celebretur ; necnon quod in quatuor angulis sepulcri predicti militis, in
capella predicta constructs cum in eo tumulatus merit, quatuor cerei quorum
quilibet duas libras cere contineat, predictarum religiosarum sumptibus
erigantur, et cum ad bicubitalem longitudinem consumpti fuerint, renoventur'
et cotidie ardeant dum due misse supradicte, ut premittitur, celebrantur ;
quod etiam religiose predicte die anniversarii predicti militis pro ipsius
anima et animabus predictis, mille pauperibus annuatim cuilibet videlicet
unum obolum fideliter faciant erogari. Volumus insuper et ordinamus,
quod religiose predicte unam mulierem pro sua religione habilem ad dicti
militis nominationem dum vixerit, et heredum suorum assign atorum vel
succesorum quorumcunque cum decesserit in commoniale predicti monasterii
admittant, eaque decedente aliam ad nominationem predictam teneantur
admittere temporibus successivis, si vero religiose in hujus mulieris admissione
se reddant fortasse difficiles, ad nostrum seu successorum nostroium arbitrium
recurratur. In quorum omnium testimonium sigillum nostrum una cum
sigillo predicte Abbatisse et Conventus, presentibus est appensum. Datum
apud Eemesburie per nos Episcopum antedictum vij Id. Marcii. Et per nos
Abbatissam et Conventum in capitulo nostro de Lacock vj Id. Marcii, anno
Domini mill'o ccc° undecimo."

APPENDIX No. VI.

Original among records at Lacock Abbey.

" Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit Johannes
Bluet dominus de Lacham salutem in domino. Noveritis me dedisse con-
cessisse et hoc presenti presenti scripto confirmasse Johanne Abbatisse et
monialibus de Lacok totum ins patronatus quod habui in Ecclesia sci Ciriaci
de Lacok. Cuius advocacionem tarn ego dictus Johannes quam predicte

370 On the Appropriation of the Rectory of Lacock.

Abbatissa et moniales simul tenuimus sub tali forma quod presentatio ad
eandem ecclesiam una vice cum vacaverit ad me et alia vice ad dictas
Abbatissam et moniales consueverat pertinere. Et eciam turnum meum ad
dictam ecclesiam alternis vicibus presentandi. Habend' et tenend' eidem
Abbatisse et monialibus et successoribus suis dictam ecclesiam cum omnibus
juribus suis et pertinentiis in proprios usus imperpetuum juxta tenorem
literarum domini Eegis eisdem Abbatisse et monialibus inde confectarum.
Ita quod nec ego dictus Johannes nec heredes mei neque assignati mei aliquid
juris vel clamii in advocatione predicte ecclesie neque in patronatu eiusdem
seu aliquod turnum ad dictam ecclesiam, ut premittitur, presentandi habere
poterimusinfuturumsed omnino simus inde exclusi ab actione in perpetuum.
Et pro ista concessione et dimissione predicte Abbatissa et moniales tenentur
ad faciendam quandam elemosinam pro me et pro animabus antecessorum
ac heredum meorum in perpetuum juxta formam cuiusdam ordinacionis per
dominum Simonem Episcopum Sarrisburiensem inde factam quadrupliciter.
Cuius una pars penes predictum venerabilem patrem et successores suos ;
secunda penes predictas Abbatissam et moniales ; tertia penes me et heredes
meos et quarta penes capitulum Sarrisburiense demorantur. In cuius rei
testimonium huic scripto sigillum meum apposui. Hiis testibus : dominis
Waltero de Paveley, Johanne de Holte, Johanne le Rous, Willelmo de Cotes,
Johanne de la Mare militibus, Rogero le Gras, Radulfo le Gras, Willelmo at
Halle de Bradford, Johanne de Tynhide, Adam Hardyng ot aliis. Datum
apud Lacok die veneris proximo post festum sci Laurentii, anno regni regis
Edwardi filii regis Edwardi sexto."

APPENDIX No. VII.

Lacock, Older Cartulary, 15b.

" Universis sancte matris ecclesie filiis ad quos presentes litere pervenerint
Simon permission e divina Sarrisburiensis Episcopus salutem in eo quern
peperit uterus virginalis. Cum nuper ecclesiam parochialem de Lacok nostre
diocesis cum omnibus suis juribus et pertinenciis a tempore quo eandem
ecclesiam proximo vacare contigerit certis causis et legitimis concurrentibus
omnibus qui in ea parte requirebantur de jure, dilectis in Christo filiabus
Abbatisse et conventui de Lacok de predicta, et earum monasterio auctoritate
pontificali canonice appropriaverimus ac eisdem et suis successoribus assigna-
verimus futuris temporibus possidendam, prout in nostris Uteris super hujus
appropriacione conscriptis plenius continetur, Ipsaque ecclesia infra ambitum
Archidiaconatus Wiltes situata loci Archidiacono in Archidiaconalibus
sit subjecta. Nos indempnitati juris et status Archidiaconatus predicti ne
hujusmodi appropriacionis pretextu dispendia patiatur prospicere prout
paterna tenemur sollicitudine cupientes, magistro Willelmo de Chadeleshunte
Archidiacono Archidiaconatus predicti et religiosis prefatis se nostre ordina-
cioni in hac parte submittentibus, tenore presencium ordinamus quod quam-
citius Abbatissaet Conventus predicti possessionem pacificam predicte ecclesie
de Lacok hujusmodi nostre appropriacionis obtentu fuerint assecute, ipsius
quoque fructus, obventiones, et proventus perceperint, teneantur de bonis
predicte ecclesie appropriate sic perceptis Archidiacono Wiltes qui pro tempore

By the Rev. W. G. Clark-Maxwell, F.S.A. 371

fuerit pro quibuscunque emoluments que racione vacacionis ecclesie supra-
dicte si appropriata non esset sibi possent Archidiaconatus sui nomine de jure
vel consuetudine pervenire Tres solidos bone et legalis monete die Annun-
ciacionis dominice persolvere annuatim. Procuratione nichilominus annua
ac aliis ordinariis prestacionibus et juribus predicto Archidiacono debitis et
consuetis quibus per huius modi nostram ordinacionem derogare non inten-
dimus et specialiter cohcone canonica pro dictis tribus solidis si oporteat
semper salvis. Et ut hec nostra ordinacio futuris et perpetuis temporibus
efficacius observetur, presentes literas volumus triplicari, ac ipsis nostri
predictarumque Abbatisse et Conventus sigillorum quoque appensione
munitis, unam penes capitulum nostrum Sarr' secundam penes Archidia-
conum supradictum et succesores suos, et terciam penes Eeligiosas predictas
imperpetuum demorari. In quorum testimonium atque fidem sigillum
nostrum fecimus hiis apponi. Datum apud remmesbur' per nos episcopum
antedictum ij. Id' Augusti et per nos Abbatissam et conventum in capitulo
nostro de Lacok predicto xix Kal' Septembr' Anno Domini m° ccc° xij°."

APPENDIX No. VIII.

P.E.O. Court of Wards, Deeds, etc. Box 94, E. 29.

" Venerabili in xpo Patri et Domino Reuerendo domino S. dei gracia Sar'
Episcopo snus humilis et devotus Robertus de Dorinton Rector ecclesie de
Lacok vestre diocesis salutem cum omni Reuerencia obediencia et honore
ad ordinandum certam annuam pensionem de ecclesia mea de Lacok predicta
Abbatisse et Conventui monasterii de Lacok annis singulis persoluendam
pro vestre voluntatis beneplacito utilitate dicti monasterii non modica
suadente me et ecclesiam meam predictam vestre disposicioni pure, sponte
simpliciter et absolute submitto totaliter per presentes. Ratum babiturus et
firmum quicquid circa dictam pensionem predicti monasterii securitati
statuendum duxeritis vel etiam ordinandum. In cuius rei testimonium,
sigillum meum presentibus est appensum. Et quia sigillum meum pluribus
est ignotum, sigillum officii Archidiaconi Wiltes apponi presentibus procuravi
Dat' apud Lacok xv Kl. Julii Anno Domini millo cccmo. tercio decimo."

APPENDIX No. IX.

P.R.O. Court of Wards, Deed, etc. Box 94, B. 117.

" A Honorable piere en dieu sire Simoun Euesqe de Sarresbir' le soen
Chiualer Johan Bluet &c. Chier sire pour ceo qe sire Robert de Doryntone
parsone de Leglise de Lacok en vostre diocise la quiele vos auetz approprie
a Labbesse et le Couent de Lacock est en volunte en noun de charite et en
aide de eles, de southmettr' lui et sa eglise oue totes droitures et apporte-
naunces &c. avostre ordinaunce &c et assentir par sa lettre qe vous ordinetz
a Labbesse et au Couent une pension de sa eglise, ensi qe par le paiement et
la receite de cele pension, eles eient possession de leglise : Vous pri humble-
ment quil vous pleise ordiner a Labbesse et au Couent une pension solom la
fourme de la submission la persone auantdite, issuit chier sire qe eles peussent
auor possession de leglise et lour droit afforcer endroit de lappropriacion E

372 On the Appropriation of the Rectory of Lacock.

ieo que iadis auoie la vowesoun de raesmes leglise oue Labbesse et le Couent :
mi assent et me oblige pour moi e mes heirs et assignes a tenoir et auoir
ferm et estable quantqil vous plerra ordiner et faire E en tesmoigniaunce &c.
Donee a Lacok le dymaunge prochein deuaunt la feste de seint Augustin
Lan Edward fitz au Koi Edward septysme."

(Small red seal.)

(Endorsed) " Un certificacion al euesqe fait
par John Blewett qil est content
de le Appropriacion al Esglise al
Lacok."

APPENDIX No. X.

P.R.O. Court of Wards, Deeds, etc. Box 94, E. 62.

" Universis (&c.) Ricardus de Bello Canonicus Saresbir' ad exercendum
Episcopalem iurisdiccionem per dominum WalterumCantuar' Archiepiscopum
in Episcopatu Saresbir' per mortem Simonis Episcopi vacante Officialis
deputatus (&c.) Litteras appropriacionis de Ecclesia de Lacok per Simonem
nuper Episcopum. inspeximus (&c.) Simon Saresbir' Episcopus (&c, as in
No. 66). Anno Domini Millesimo Trecentesimo undecimo (&c.) Nos igitur
(&c.) Domino Roberto de Dorinton ecclesie de Lacok nunc Rectore vocato
et presente ac consenciente ordinando unam dimidiam Marcam annuam
eidem Rectori quoad vixerit (&c.) duximus imponendam ac eidem imponimus
ut religiose antedicte prefatam pensionem ab eo percipiant eedemque dicte
ecclesie possessionem adquirant et idem Rector prefatam pensionem in festo
Pasche annis singulis soluere teneatur ut exnunc ecclesiam teneat nomine
earundem (&c.) Hiis testibus : Magistris Waltero Heruy Archidiacono Sar'
Roberto de Worth Subdecano, Johanne de Hakeneye Canonico Sar' Magistro
Roberto Fromond Rectore ecclesie sancti Thome Sar' iuris canonici professore,
Magistro Huberto dicto Conestable, Magistro Johanne de Harewell, domino
Stephan Duraunt Rectore ecclesie de Berewyk sancti Leonardi, Willelmo de
Berewyk ciue Sar', Willelmo de Remmesbur' ac eciam Waltode Gosh [almwyk
et Yvone de Marchia clericis notariis publicis, et aliis. Datum Sar' loco
consistorii vii die Junii Anno Domini M° cccmo. Quintodecimo."

(Seal torn off.)

(Endorsed) " The Confirmacion of the bisshop of Cantorbu^ for
the appropriation of Lacok parsonage."
(An elaborate initial letter in ink.)

APPENDIX No. XL

P.R.O. Court of Wards, deeds, &c. Box 94, E. 22.

" Conue chose soit a totes genz, [etc.] qe come Johanne par la sueffraunce
de deu abbesse de Lacok e le couent de mesmes le liw soient tenuz a
mongs' Johan Bluet seynr de Lacham en deus cent marcs desterlings
a paer al auant dit mongs' Johan Bluet a la feste de toz seintes Lan
de la Incarnacion n're seign' mil troiscent disenoefym Adungs lauandit

By the Rev. W. G. Clark- Maxwell, F.S.A.

313

Johan graunt pur luy e ses heirs e excecutours qe si la dite Abbesse e
couent parfacent le chapele n're Dame la quiele est comencee en oeure
on lauantdite Abbeye de Lacok come en oueraigues de masconerie e
charpentrie e coverture de plum selon ce quiele est deuise e ordine entre si e
la feste sent Michel lan de la Incarnacion n're seyn' auantdit, que adungs les
deus cent marcs par moi soient assigneez al overaigue de lauantdite chapele.
issi qe moi ne mes Excautours ne mil en mon noun puissons rien demander
[etc.] E script a Lacok en le chapitre de lauantdite Abbesse e Couent le mekerdi
prochein deuant la feste de seint michel larch angle Lan del Kegn Le Eoi
Edward filz au Roi Edward syme "

(Seal armorial : Uvo-lieaded eagle displayed.
"S. IOAN, BLVET.'V

APPENDIX No. XII.

Court of Wards, Deeds, etc. Box 94, E. 21.
" Ceo est le Couenant feat entre Dame Jobanne de Mounfort abbesse de
Lacok e le couent de mesne le lyw dun part et mongs' sire Johan Bluet
seygnr. de Lacham daultre part cest a sauoir que com Jobanne abbesse e
couent seiount tenuz am Monsr sire Johan en ustante ust liueres e deyust
soutz dargent, en un obligacion, [etc.] Jeo lauantdit Johan Bluet voyl e
graunte pur moi e mes heirs e excecutours qe si les deus partie de la chapele
nre dame que se ioynt a lour haute Eglise serount feates e parfeates en
totes oueraigues com deuise est en un escript de couenant entre moi Johan
Bluet e labbesse e couent auanditz qe aydunq soit le obligacion veoud e tenu
pur nul E si les deus parties [&c.] ne serount feates e parfeates [&o.]
aydung grauntent lauanditz Abbesse e couent qe Monsr. sire Johan eyt accion
arecouerer [&c] sanz contredit [&c] per iceaux tesmoignes Sire Wauter de
pauely, sire Johan de Holte, Sire Johan de la Mare chivalers, Johan Tourpyn,
Johan de Stodleghe, Johan Percehaye, Johan de Bourleghe e autres. Escript
a Lacok le Samedy procheyn apres la Nativete n're Dame, lan Edward fitz
Edward neofyme."

(Seal torn out.)

APPENDIX No. XIII.
Court of Wards, Deeds, &c. Box 94, E. No. 107.

Indented :

" Ceo est le Couenaunt feat entre Dame Johanne de Mounfort abbesse de
Lacok e le couent de mesme le lyw / Et Monsr sire Johan Bluet sign* de
lacham asauoir q com Johane abbesse e couent seiount tenuz a Monsr sire
Johan en quarante quatre lieures e neof soutz dargent / en vn obligacion [&c]
Jeo lauauntdit Johan voyl e gaunte pr moi e mes heirs e excecutours / q si
la terce ptie de la chapele nre dame q se ioynt a lour haute Eglise en lour
Abbeye soit feate e pfeate en totes oueraigues com demise est en vn escript de
couenaunt entre moi e lauauntditz abbesse e couent / q aydung soitle obligacion
veoud [&c] E si la terce ptie [&c] ne soit feate [&c] aydung grauntent
lauauntditz abbesse e couent q Monsr sire Johan eyt accion arecouerer [&c]

374 On the Appropriation of the Rectory of Lacock.

saunz countredit [&c] par iceaux tesmoignes ; sire Wauter de paueliz / sire
Johan de Holte / sire Johan de la Mare chiualars / Johan Tourpyn / Johan
de stodleghe / Johan perchaye / Johan de Bourleghe e autres / Escript a lacok
le Samadiz procheyn apres la Natiuete nre Dame / lan Edward filz Edward
Neofyme."

(Seal of dark red wax.)
(Endorsed) " Defesaung dun Oblygacon fait p Indent's de Couenantz
de pfo'mys p' le novell' foundacon de nre Dame deins le
monasterye de lacok fait pent' John de Blewett & le
Abbes de Lacok auntdit."

APPENDIX No. XIV.

Lacock Abbey Older Cartulary. Fol. 3b.
" Ordinacio vicarie ecclesie parochialis de Lacok.
" Universis sancte matris ecclesie filiis ad quorum noticiam pervenerit hec
scriptura. Robertus permissione divina Sarrisburiensis Episcopus salutam in
eo qui est omnis vera salus. Cum nuper invenerimus vicariam ecclesie de
Lacok parochialis nostre diocesis nullatenus ordinatam, exhibito quoque
nobis postmodum et inspecto quodam certificatorio inquisicionis per Archi-
diaconum Wiltes, super porcionibus et perceptionibus ac ceteris emolumentis
in quibus dicta vicaria consistit ad mandatum bone memorie domini Simonis
dudum predecessoris nostri Sar' Episcopi facto, per idem certificatorium
comperimus evidenter quod ipsa vicaria consistit et consistere solet in
porcionibus perceptionibus emolumentis et oneribus infrascriptis : videlicet
in manso pro vicaria cum pertinenciis suis. Item in decern acris terre
arrabilis. Item pastura animalium cuiuscunque generis dicti vicarii
valoris annuatim ad minus viginti denariorum. Item in omnibus oblacionibus
vohmtariis et necessarhs ibidem, tarn in festo purificacionis in cera et aliis
quam etiam Natali Domini, sci Ciriaci, in quadragesima, in Pascha, ac in
sponsalibus, purificacionibus, anniversariis, et in aliis quibuscunque que ex
hominum devocione procedunt. Item in omnibus oblacionibus capelle de
Lacham, in toto decima lane et agnorum, casei, lactis, vaccarum, vitulorum,
pullorum, porcellorum, ancarum, canapi et lini, ac aliarum omnium
minutarum deciinarum. Item in decima molendinoium omnium in parochia
supradicta. Item percipiet vicarius loci qui pro tempore fuerit de dominabus
Abbatissa et Conventu de Lacok rectore dicte ecclesie annuatim ad festa
sanctorum Micliaelis et Pasche pro equalibus porcionibus viginti solidos ;
que premissa taxantur ad decimam solvendam in centum solidos, et pro
tanto solvet vicarius loci decimam quando currit. Item solvet pro redditu
tres solidos et novem denarios annuatim. Item quod inveniet unum
clericum suis sumptibus in ecclesia supradicta, et cetera omnia archi-
diaconalia et ordinaria sustinebit vicarius loci, excepta nova construccione
cum contigerit cancelli ecclesie prelibate, onera vero alia dicte ecclesie
incumbentia ad rectorem eiusdem ecclesie pertinebunt. Ne igitur ob
defectum ordinacionis dicte vicarie ad amfractus licium vel discordias
iidem rector et vicarius prosiliant de cetero, prout in similibus casibus fieri
novimus plerumque, de expresso et unanimi consensu eorundem rectoris et

A Letter to Cromwell concerning the Surrender of Lacock Abbey. 375

vicarii et ad eorum instantem rogatum concurrentibus eciam omnibus et
singulis que in hac parte requiruntur de hire, prefatam perpetuam vicariam
ad suprascripta et in suprascriptis porcionibus ac perceptionibus emolumentis
et oneribus ex hiis et aliis legitimis causis auctoritate pontificali tenore
presencium canonice ordinamus et in perpetuum debere consistere statuimus
et declaramus ; salva nobis et successoribus nostris plenaria et libera potestate
dictam vicariam si oporteat in eventu augumentandi, suplendi, diminuendi,
mutandi ac eciam earn interpretandi seu declarandi : et salvis in omnibus
Episcopalibus iuribus et consuetudinibus, ac nostre Sar* ecclesie dignitate.
In quorum omnium testimonium atque fidem fecimus has literas nostras ad
perpetuam rei memoriam registrari et sigilli nostri munimine roborari.
Datum apud Manerium nostrum de Wodeford xvi"10. kal' mensis octobris,
Anno Domini milesimo cccmo. tricesimo et septimo. Et consecracionis
nostre anno octavo."

J Jttte to CroniMl (oitcmting i\z ^mtwhx

jg*3|9frHE following letter, written by Dr. W. Petre to Cromwell,
m |1| and dated Jan. 20 [1539], should be added to the documents
quoted in the article on the " Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries,"
published in vol. xxviii. of the Magazine, p. 288. There is a slight
discrepancy in the dates involved, as the letter states that the
writer has received the surrender of the Abbey, whereas the actual
deed of surrender bears date, January 21st, the day following.
The chief interest, however, lies in the fact that the house is to be
committed to the charge of " Mr. Sharington," no doubt the same

376 A Letter to Cromwell concerning the Surrender of Lacock Abbey.

person as the subsequent grantee of the site, etc. This seems to
show that he had already fixed upon Lacock as a desirable place
of residence, though it was not formally granted to him till July
26th, 1540. As Sharington came of a Norfolk family, and had, so
far as we know, no interest in the county of Wilts before, the
question presents itself, what drew his attention specially to
Lacock ? and a possible answer may be the following : Sharington
was at this time married to his second wife Elyanor, daughter of
William Walsingham. This lady's first cousin, Eleanor, daughter
of Sir Edmund Walsingham, William's brother,was the second wife
of Edward Baynard, of Lack ham ; may we suppose that during some
visit to that place, knowing as he must have done, that all religious
houses were doomed to suppression, Sharington chose Lacock as his
share of the spoil, and prevailed on Cromwell to give him the
administration of the house, until such time as a more formal
grant should be issued ?

W. G. Clark-Maxwell.

Letters and Papers, Henry VIII., vol. xiv., part i., No. 100.

A letter addressed : —

" To the Right Honorable
and his most singlargood
lorde and Maister my lord
pryvey seall

" My most bownden duetye remembryd it may please yo1 lordyshipp to bee
aduertised thatt sens the departing of mr smyth mr Tregonwell and I haue
receyvyd the Surrendar of the monasterye of Lacok the demaynes
wherof war all leassyd vnder covent seall befor or comyng And nothing of
the same remayning in ther hande att this tyme wee hadd nott examyned
the maner of grawnting the same whiche according to yo1 lordyshippe
commawndment wee wyll exarayfi befor or departing, and after leave the
possession of the howse wl mr Sharington accordinge to yor pleasure. Jn all
other thinge wee shall endevor to accomplish^ theffecte of yor lordyshippe
Ires send vn to vs according to or most bownden duetyes as knoweth God
who have yor lordyshipp in his most blessyd keping ffrom Lacok the

xxth of Januarye

" Yor lordyshippe most bounden
" beadyman and sruant

" (Sd) William Petre."

[ Endorsed'] " Doctor Peter."

\In another hand~\ " shewinge the srrender of Lacok Abbaye."

377

(BxlMtz nviif its JJiraor ^axh.

By John Watson-Taylor.
( Continued from page 309 J.
THE PLACE-NAME.

HE earliest mention of Erlestoke is found in the Pipe Eoll
of 1198, where it is referred to as " terre de Stokes," and
the same form is used in a Close Eoll of the year 1220. In the
Eed Book of the Exchequer and in the Book of Fees it is called
Stoke, and when Eichard, Bishop of Salisbury, 1217 — 1228, granted
the Church of Melksham to the resident canons, he included in
the gift " the chapel of Stoke." 1 In the chartulary of Montacute
Priory the place-name occurs twice in one folio, in one place as
"Erlestokes" and in the other as "Stoches." The date of the
original grant of the mill of Erlestoke to that priory was about
1155, but the chartulary is a transcript of the time of Stephen
Eawlin,2 who was appointed Prior in July, 1297.3 In 1227 the
name first appears in the public records as Erlestoke, and is found
thus spelt, with a few exceptions, in seventy-two separate docu-
ments relating to the following three hundred years. The first
exception occurs in a post mortem inquisition taken at "Eorlestoke "
in the year 1340, and the " o " is introduced again four or five times
in the next fifty years, but not after that time. Isolated mis-
spellings such as Erlestone, Ellerstoke, and Erlescote occur at the
same period, but in the same documents the correct spelling is
given, and on three other occasions the first syllable is spelt Herle,
Erly, and Ewell. Towards the end of the sixteenth century the
spelling begins to get very erratic, especially in wills, in one of

1 B.M. Add. Ch. 37666. 2 Coxe, Catalogus Codicum.

3 Somerset Eecord Society, viii., p. lxix.
VOL. XXXIII. — NO. CII. 2 0

378

ErlestoJce and its Manor Lords.

which 1 Thomas Bulstrocle expresses the wish to be buried in the
Church of Herryll Stoke, and the remains of his tomb, which once
stood at the east end of the old Church,2 and the heraldic remains
of which are in the present Church, show that his wish was obeyed.
About this time the second syllable is frequently spelt Stock and
Stocke, and an " a " introduced into the first syllable for the first
time. In 1596 in the record of a post mortem inquisition taken
at Devizes, an " a " is also introduced into the second syllable for
the first time, and the name continues to be written Earle Stoke
or Stoake for the next hundred years. Since that time the " a "
has been dropped from Stoke, but the form Earl (or Earle) has
lingered on and is given at this day, as an alternative to Erie, in
the Ordnance Maps.

In Domesday Book places of the more modern name Stoke are,
with a few exceptions, written Stoch, Stoche, or Stoches, for the
Anglo-Saxons never used " k " in the middle of a word, though it
was occasionally substituted for " c " at the beginning. It has been
thought by some that Stoches is a compound of two words, stow —
a dwelling, ches — by the water,3 but it seems more probable that
this was the genitive form, and that it was mistaken by the
Normans when they translated the words — the manor or the land
of Stoche, into — manerium or terra de Stokes. Stoke, Stock, and
Stow are evidently different dialectical forms of the same word.
The first two are found most frequently in the counties that formed
the old kingdom of Wessex and those bordering on it, while Stow
is found chiefly in the eastern counties. The Anglo-Saxon word
to which they owe their origin is Stoc, a place, but the word was
used to signify the stem or trunk of a tree, and this second meaning
has by some been developed into " a wood " when explaining the
place-name. Bosworth, however, shows by a quotation from
Simeon of Durham (1123) that Woodstock was known in his time
as Wude Stoc, the place of the woods, and William Somner (1659)

1 P.C.C. 36, Holder.
2 Jackson, Aubrey's Wilts, p. 300; M.S. 115, Society of Antiquaries.
3 Cese — cheese, Cessol — a cottage, and Ceosel — gravel, seem to be the only
Anglo-Saxon words resembling " Ches."

By John Watson- Taylor.

379

says of the same place — Locum sylvestrem nomen sonat. The second
meaning is also developed further still into a place surrounded by
a wooden stockade, but this word is of Italian or Spanish manu-
facture, and, if it owes anything to Anglo-Saxon in its origin,
appears to come from " sticca," a stick. Mr. Charles Bowles, a
colleague of Sir Eichard Colt Hoare, in his account of Stoke Verdon,1
rather favoured this idea. " I am not satisfied," he wrote, " that
the word Stoke or Stock is derived from the Saxon word Stock,
and am rather inclined to think that it had its origin in earlier
times than the Saxons. It seems to me that it owes such origin
to the contiguity of some grand earthworks or camp in the imme-
diate neighbourhood of places called Stoke." In support of his
theory he gave the following examples : in Wiltshire, Winterbourne
Stoke near Yarnbury Castle, Stoke in Broad Chalk near Chisel-
bury; in Dorsetshire, Stoke Wake near Bull Barrow ; in Hampshire,
Stockbridge near Danbury ; and in Somersetshire, Stoke-under-Ham,
the hill camp near Yeovil.2 The suggestion that the word Stoke
is of an older origin than Saxon is supported by Welsh philologists,
who trace it to the Celtic root " tec," or " teg," signifying a roof, the
common parent of the Latin tegmen, toga, and tegula, and the
Greek re^o?, but the development of the meaning roof to house,
group of houses, and place, is simple and the easier explanation of
the phenomena seems to be that in early days it was necessary to
the safety of the inhabitants of a place that they should have near
them a camp or other stronghold to which to fly in the hour of
danger from their enemies.

Other Wiltshire authorities agree in the opinion that Stoke
signified a place or a village, thus Sir Eichard Colt Hoare, writing
of Laverstock, says : the etymology is at once obvious and pleasing
— the stoke, or village of the laverock or lark ; Canon Jackson

1 Modern Wiltshire.

2 To the Wiltshire examples might be added : Odstock near Clearbury Ring,
Baverstock near Badbury or Belbury Kings, Purton Stoke near Eingsbury,
Stoke in Bedwyn near Chisbury King, while Bradenstoke, Beechingstoke,
and Erlestoke once had the same characteristic.

2 C 2

380

Erlestoke and its Manor Lords.

gave the same meaning in connection with Erlestoke,1 and Canon
Jones in a paper on the Names of Places in Wiltshire included
Stoc and Stow among Teutonic terminations and translated them
together as place or habitation.2

The large number of places bearing the name of Stoke would
necessitate some addition to the name when it was required to
identify any one of them, and Erlestoke had a near neighbour
with which it may have been associated at an early period, as it
was at a later, in the Stoke which formerly existed with its Church
and its churchyard in the Bratton Tithing of the parish of
Westbury.3 In the Wiltshire Domesday Book the six places of
this name that are there mentioned had all been given a prefix, for
the " Stoche " that occurs twice is identified elsewhere in the survey
with Bradenstoke.4 In three of the cases the prefix is an Anglo-
Saxon word, Wintreburn ; Lauvrece (lawerc or lauerc, a lark) ; and
Babe (beber, befer, beofer, a beaver), but there is no word of a
like nature that can be associated with Erie.5 In the other three
cases — Bradene, Bichene, and Ode — the prefix seems to represent
the names of two clans and an individual, no doubt earlier Saxon
owners of these places, and the connection of the ancient family of
Erie with Wiltshire at the present day suggests the possibility of
its association at some time with Erlestoke. In early times,
however, the name was written de Erlega, or Erleiga, and it is
not until the year 1200 that it is found in the form of Erleye, at
which time it is known that Erlestoke had been for some fifty
years in other hands. The name is said to have been taken from
their lordship near Beading, now Maiden Earley, and their
properties lay in Berkshire, Dorsetshire, and Somersetshire (where
Somerton Erie perpetuates their memory), but there is no evidence
of their connection with Wiltshire until a much later period.

1 Aubrey's Wiltshire, p. 298. 2 Wilts Arch. Mag., xx., 78.

;i Wilts Arch. May., xxiii., 282; Wilts Notes and Queries, II., III.,
Records of Parishes — Bratton.

4 Wyndham, 235, 505, 529 ; Jones, 68.

5 Aler, the alder tree, is only remotely allied to the German "erle," and
the word " erl " in the German erl-king was in Anglo-Saxon " aelf."

By John Watson- Taylor.

381

It is probable, therefore, that the correct explanation of " Erie "
is that which is most simple, and that it was the old English form
of the title Earl. In Anglo-Saxon it was spelt " Eorl," and was a
word adapted from the Danish "jarl," which is said to have been
introduced into England by the Jutes and to have gradually taken
the place of the older word ealdorman, signifying a nobleman, or
one holding high office under the King, in which senses it is fre-
quently found used in Anglo-Saxon documents. If, as seems to
be the case, it was added in the latter part of the twelfth century,
erle is the form in which it would then be written, and the varia-
tions in the spelling, eorl, earl, and comitis, seem to show that this
is the meaning that has always been attributed to it. In Domesday
Book there are several examples of its use : Erlesholt, in Yorkshire,
held both at the time of the survey and of Edward the Confessor
by the Archbishop ; Erlestune, in Derbyshire, held by Henry de
Ferrers ; Erlide, in Staffordshire, held by Earl Eoger ; Erlingeha',
in Gloucestershire, and Erlestone in Northamptonshire, held by
the King ; and Erlham, in Norfolk, held by Godric the Sewer
and Alnot the Saxon. Of these the last two only occur in the
Book of Fees, where they are given as Herleston and Herlh'm, and
in the same record Erlega has become Herleg. In later times,
however, the " h " was dropped again, and Herlh'm, in Norfolk,
was called Jerlham or Earlham. This form seems to point to the
title as its origin from Anglo-Saxon times, for although Domesday
Book has no places with the prefix Jarl or Yarl the modern
Yarlingtons of Somersetshire and Yorkshire may yet belong to the
same category in their Domesday forms Gerlington and Girlington.

The only earl who can be proved to have been connected with
Erlestoke is Earl Harold, who held Melksham at the time of
Edward the Confessor, no doubt by virtue of his office of Earl of
Wiltshire, and it may have been that the demesne land of the
parent manor was all situated at Stoke, but it is very unlikely
that of the enormous number of manors which he held in England
this small sub-manor should be the only one whose name owed its
origin to him.

In later times the title of an owner was frequently added to

382

Erlcstoke and its Manor Lords.

place-names, or substituted for other identifications. In "Wiltshire
we have the example of Winterbourne Earls, called after the Earl
of Sarum, but as a rule the title was a prefix. In Shropshire Earls
Ditton took its name from the Earl of March, seigneur of the
lordship of Mortimer, to which it belonged ; in Yorkshire Earls
Heaton from William, Earl of Warren, Earls Sterndale from
William Ferrers, Earl of Derby, and Earlesburgh from Allan, Earl
of Eichmond ; in Worcestershire Earls Cromb from Thomas de
Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, in Norfolk Earl Soham, formerly
Soham Barres, was re-named after Boger de Bigod, Earl of Norfolk ;
and in Essex Earls Bury, part of the manor of Fernham, was
separately named after G-eofTrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex, and
Earls Colne took its name from the De Veres, Earls of Oxford,
who also gave the name Earls Court to their residence in the manor
of Kensington.

At the time when the prefix was first added to Erlestoke the
manor was in the hands of the family of Fitz-Herbert, to whom it
had come by marriage with the De Mandeville family.1 It is not
clear how the De Mandevilles acquired the manor for no charter
containing or referring to the grant has been found, and the only
reference to the transaction by which it passed from the hands of
the King is contained in the Curia Begis roll of the reign of Hen.
III.,2 recording the suit instituted by the King for a restoration of
the manor on the ground that it was ancient demesne of the crown
wrongfully alienated during the reign of Henry I. If the alienation
was the act of the King it might be supposed that having granted
it to some Earl who had afterwards incurred his displeasure, he
had escheated it and re-granted it to the De Mandeville family,
who had always been in his favour. In such a case William, Earl
of Morton, who had many properties in the west of England, may
have been the first tenant of Erlestoke and have lost it with
his other lands when he was banished in 1104, but an act of

1 This name suggests a connection with the Earls of Essex, of which, how-
ever, there is as yet no evidence.

2 No. 151, 37 and 38, Hen. III. n. 16.

By John Watson Taylor.

383

this sorb on the part of the King could hardly be called a
wrongful alienation. It seems more likely that the alienation
was an act of the tenant, and that he passed it on to the De
Mandevilles for some consideration. As the manor was always
held of the King in capite it follows that such a transaction, if it
took place, was winked at by those in authority, and their indul-
gence would be more readily obtained by a relation of the King
than by another. It is possible that the manor was given by
Henry I. to his natural son, Keginald, created Earl of Cornwall,
in 1141,1 and that the Earl sold it to Eoger de Mandeville
who held three knights fees under him in Cornwall, when the
Inquest of Knights was made in 1166.2

There is very little doubt that Erlestoke should be translated
" the place of the Earl," though it is important that the spelling of
the prefix should be Erie, as it was in 1227, and as it continued to
be for three hundred years after that date, but there is not sufficient
evidence available to establish the identity of the Earl whose place
it once was.

1 J. H. Bound, in the Diet. Nat. Biog. 2 Red Book of the Exchequer.

384

dMUtttors against % Statute of Jaiotttm
in MiMjitt, g.g. 1849-

Translated and communicated by Miss E. M. Thompson.

-q HE Assize Eoll translated below,1 while it is of local interest
»«g to the Wiltshire antiquary as preserving many names of
the rural population, and as throwing some light on their occu-
pations and their sources of livelihood, of which by far the most
common for both sexes was brewing, is also to be considered as an
illustration of the difficulties left in its train by the Black Death.
The great pestilence had first appeared in July in A.D. 1348, at
Melcombe Kegis, Dorset, and thence had spread rapidly over the
West of England. That the death-roll had been large in Wiltshire
is evident from the number of victims among the clergy, to which
fact must be attributed the frequent entries of fresh institutions
of incumbents in the episcopal registers of Salisbury,*2 and it is to
be presumed that pastors and flocks suffered alike. The Wiltshire
labourers and artificers, like their brethren elsewhere, were not
slow to take the opportunity afforded by the consequent scarcity
of their class for demanding more wages and higher profits for
their services and their crafts and wares. An example is entered
on this roll of almost every kind of offender against the Statute of
Labourers of the 25th year of Edward III., which was an expansion
and re-inforcement of that short-sighted attempt at the restoration
of the old relations of employer and employed, the Ordinance
concerning Labourers and Servants, issued the year after the fatal
plague, in A.D. 1349. It was on the farms that the lack of
labourers was mostly felt, agriculture with its demand for many

1 Though containing all the matter of the roll, the translation is slightly
abridged. The original is in the Public Record Office.

2 Tide Dom Gasquet's The Great Pestilence, p. 163.

Offenders against the {Statute of Labourers 385

hands taking a more important part in the medieval rural economy
than grazing, though this, too, was crying out for herdsmen to look
after the wandering sheep and cattle. Hence it is not surprising
to find among the culprits the masters and landowners themselves,
whom the statute intended to benefit, tempting away the servants
of others by the promise of higher wages to fill up the blanks
caused by the mortality in their households and estates, and to
find that a large number of the offences concerned out-door
labour. The statute fixed all " Wages, Livery, Meed, or Salary,"
and all profits for the divers mysteries or crafts at the scale
prevalent in the 20th year of Edward III., and ordered that all
labourers in husbandry should be bound to serve by the year or
the yearly term instead of by day, and that these and other servants
should be sworn twice yearly before the lords, stewards, bailiffs
and constables of the places of their abode, to observe the statute,
and not to withdraw from those places, because in departing to
seek more profitable work elsewhere they would leave their former
masters with insufficiency of workmen. But in vain ; the carter
of the parson of Elyndon takes more grain for his livery than he
was wont, the servant of Bradenstoke Priory grows dissatisfied
with his allowance and withdraws against his agreement " without
license or reasonable cause " before his year of service is up, and
many a man and woman breaks his or her oath, refusing to serve
at all, or not resisting the temptation of obtaining higher gains for
work or goods. There is a case of one who " went on strike."
John Lavrok, vagabond, had come out of service all the way
from Oxfordshire, but if he hoped for sympathy in money or other
alms, he experienced in Wiltshire how the statute was against
those who were ;< rather willing to beg in Idleness than by Labour
to get their Living " ; indeed one of the clauses of the ordinance of
-the 23rd year forbade on the pain of imprisonment this kind of
help to the able-bodied and idle labourer. The discontent, however,
was not confined to the tradesmen and labourers ; one or two
household servants, too, are entered on the roll. The case of
"John Bryan, clerk" (m,l.) who took Is. 6d. in excess of his
accustomed stipend, may be an ecclesiastical example of the same

386 Offenders against the Statute of Labourers

cry for more wages in which the lower ranks of the clergy joined,
their poor salaries being lessened owing to the now diminished
sum of offerings from a sparser population. On the other hand
the stipend in question may have been customarily awarded him
for secular labour that he performed to eke out his livelihood, in ad-
dition to his priestly functions. The penalty incurred by offenders
against the statute was imprisonment, there to remain until
they should find surety to serve, and take and do their work,
and to sell things vendable " according to the statute." Whosoever
was guilty of going against his oath was to be imprisoned 40 days
and if convicted again, for a quarter of a year, every time of con-
viction being awarded " double pain " ; the sums taken in excess for
their labour or in the sale of goods were forfeited to the King, and
with their fines and ransoms went towards the payment of the subsidy
last granted. Inquiry was to be made for transgressors continually
by the stewards, bailiffs, and constables of the various towns, who
were to inform the justices on their arrival for the county sessions
of any misdemeanants found within their jurisdictions. The Assize
roll in question consists of the returns of those officers and of
inquests for various hundreds in Wilts made before the deputy
judges in the 26th year of Edward III.

Assize Eoll No. 1018 m. 1.

[Presentments] " before the deputy Justices of the lord king in the
Hundred of Highworth and Cricklade by diverse inquests.

"The Jury who speak on their oath present that John le Hershurde of
Buryblontesdon has withdrawn from his service without licence or reasonable
cause. Therefore [the bailiff] is ordered to take him.

"That William Spendlove of Eton procured the said John to withdraw
from his service in promising more salary against the statute. Therefore, &c.

"That Agnes Wallop who was sworn to serve Walter Berton before the
deputies [of the justices] has refused to serve the said Walter without
reasonable cause. Therefore, &c.

" That William Horsehurde ox-herd1 of Brodeblontesdon took excessively
xviij.d. therefore [the bailiff] is ordered to take him. That Margery Frensche
[out of] vi.d. took excessively iii.d. That John Teynton brewer, took ex-
cessively iii.d. That Katherine Frensche2 brewster took excessively ij.

1 " Custos bov."

2 "Quod Margeria Frensche vj.d. cepit excessive iii.d." is the strange wording
of the original.

in Wiltshire, A.D. 1349.

387

That Alice Honte brewster took excessively iii.d. That John Dyer brewer
took excessively iii.d. That Thomas Underwode took excessively iii.d. That
Eichard le Dyer brewer, took excessively iii.d. That Richard le Gode brewer
took excessively ii.d. That Ralph Maureward brewer took excessively ii.d
That John Gybbes brewer took excessively xii.d. That John Gybbes fisher-
man took excessively xii.d. That Alice Wynston brewster took excessively
iii.d. That Clarice Poywyl brewster took excessively iii.d. That Matilda
Sprot brewster took excessively iii.d. That Henry le Tayler brewer took
excessively iij.d. That John Mauduc brewer took excessively ij.d. That
Alice Pierys pedler1 took excessively i.d. That Cristina le Ropere pedler 3
took excessively i.d. That Walter Schon pedler (?) took excessively i.d.
That John Ralf butcher took excessively iii.d. That John Der . . .butcher
took excessively ii.d. That John Baker, John Jones, John Rogers, Thomas
Brome, Thomas Mayde, Walter Moundfor, John Kynny, butchers, took each
excessively ii.d. That Thomas Taberer thresher took excessively vj.d. That
Robert Hawyle workman took excessively vi.d. That John Pycher, Robert
le Thressher, Adam le Lange, Joan his wife, Cecilia Earle, Isabel Mulleward
took in the autumn by the day v.d., and with courtesy,2 and this
they acknowledged.3 That John Gybbes seller of victual took in excess xii.d.
That Thomas Leuce who was sworn to exercise his craft according to the
statute took excessively xl.d. That John Gobray likewise sworn took ex-
cessively xii.d. (?)

Thomas Underwode tanner took j Jul' Kynges labourer took exces-

excessively ii.s. ively xii.d.

Constance Underwode brewster, John Gar' labourer took exces-

took excessively xii.d. sively xii.d.

Richard Enyngham butcher took John Hernon labourer took exces-

excessively vi.d. sively xii.d.

Alice Gerysche brewster took ex- , john Bryan clerk, took excessively

cessively iii.d. for his stipend xyiii d>

Walter Subter of Brodebluntesdon j John Henton brewer took exces-

and Joan his wife took excessively j sively vi.d.

u's" Cristopher Gerard labourer took

Elena le Walsche brewster took ex- j excessively vi.d.
cessively xii.d. | Alice Swenus took excessively iii.d.

John servant of Hugh Randolf of Eton took excessively [illegible'].
Therefore it is ordered that [the bailiff] take them. "

1 " T*nenti." Possibly connected with tranatara (passe?*, traverser, in
French) and tranator, the noun ; hence, one who travelled about with a pack,
i.e., a pedler.

2 " Curialiter."

3 The wages fixed by the statute were, for sarcling (hoeing and weeding)
or haymaking a penny the day, for mowing 5d. the acre, or 5d. by the day :
for reaping 2d. the 1st week 3d. the 2nd week in August, and so on till the
end of the month, and " less in the Country where less was wont to be given,
without meat or drink, or other courtesy to be demanded, given or taken."

388 Offenders against the Statute of Labourers

m. 2.

"Answer of the Bailiff of the Hundred of Wallingford on all and singular
the articles touching the workmen taking too much in excess, of his bailiwick
aforesaid against the statute of the lord King.

"John Ballede junior took excessively against his first oath vi.d.

" William Hardyng took excessively against the statute which is testified
by the deputies [deputy judges?] and against his first oath vi.d.

" William Hobekyns took excessively against the statute and his first oath,
vi.d.

"Adam Porter took excessively against the statute and his first oath1 vi.d.
" Philip servant of William Joop took, &c, vj.d.
Okeburn.
"John Sweteman took, &c, viii.d.
" Nicholas Smyth took, &c, iii.d.
" Thomas Brende took, &c, vi.d.
"John Harnald took, &c, iii.d.
"John Symond took, &c, iii.d."

ill. 3

" Inquest before the deputies in the Hundred of Chippenham, viz. Hugh
Fitz warren Thomas Balbe John Cayuel and John in la Heme. Agnes Prat
spinster refused service by the usual terms against the statute and exceeded
iii.s. iiij.d.2

Joan Canon spinster exceeded vj.d.

Alice Bageworth spinster exceeded
iiij.s. iiij.d.

Margaret Daungers spinster ex-
ceeded iii.d.

Joan Canon harvester exceeded xii.d.

Walter Wroxhale swineherd ex-
ceeded xii.d.

Joan de Acres harvester exceeded
xii.d.

Kobert Poynter harvester, exceeded
xviii.d.

Agnes Sclattere harvester xii.d.
Cecilia Crowes spinster exceeded
ii.s.

Cecilia Franceis spinster exceeded
vi.d.

Isabella Kyndelewelle spinster ex-
ceeded vi.d.

Juliana Walshe, spinster exceeded
iii.d.

Agnes atte Forthheye spinster ex-
ceeded iii.d.

Edward Cras, carter exceeded xii.d.

Nicholas le Smyth of Lokynton ex-
ceeded ii.s.

Joan Walshe brewster exceeded ii.s.

Kichard A ndreu tailor exceeded xii.d.

Agnes Pynk spinster exceeded ii.s.

Alice Tudbard spinster exceeded
vj.d.

Cecilia Pory spinster exceeded vi.d.
Isabella Tudbard harvester exceeded
iii.d.

Henry Pyl Webber exceeded vj.d.
John Rolf shepherd exceeded vi.d.
Thomas, a labourer serving Thomas
Baldry exceeded xii.d.

1 In the original " against the statute and his first oath " in the following
cases are crossed out, but query whether this was not merely a way of em-
phasizing the words through which the pen was drawn, as in some passages
of other documents ?

2 That is, she and the following took the sums mentioned in excess.

in Wiltshire, A.D. 1349.

389

Alexander Mangenel servant ex-
ceeded vi.d.

MatildaBabor servant exceededxii.d.

Agnes Kyng servant exceeded xii.d.

John Burgeys thresher exceeded
xii.d.

John Swayn harvester, exceeded
vi.d.

Agnes Kenefek maker of linen1 ex-
ceeded vj.d.

Isabell Clerkus harvester exceeded
vi.d.

Ela Nytare harvester exceeded vi.d.
Juliana Don spinster exceeded vj.d.
Thomas le Heyward of Estongrey

brewer exceeded vj.d.
Joan de Acres spinster exceeded

xij.d.

Katherine Kardester, spinster ex-
ceeded vi.d.

John Ingram thresher exceeded ii.s.

John Ingram harvester exceeded
xii.d.

Margaret de Surrenden brewster ex-
ceeded ii.s.

Matilda Hele spinster exceeded xii.d.

Matilda Graunger spinster exceeded
vi.d,

Juliana Sprot spinster exceeded ii.s.
Agnes Shirrerve harvester exceeded
ii.s.

John Bristowe tailor exceeded
xii.d.

John Chepman of Eomesey har-
vester exceeded xii.d.

Cecilia Mangenel spinster exceeded
xii.d.

Margaret Colyar harvester exceeded
vi.d.

Agnes Baldry brewster exceeded
vi.d.

John Bruchre brewer exceeded iii.d.
Joan Pomme brewer exceeded vi.d
Adam de Wotton brewer exceeded
iii.d.

Agnes Shirrerve brewster exceeded
xii.d.

William Shirrerve brewer exceeded
vi.d.

John de Bristowe brewer exceeded
vi.d.

Richard Bracy brewer exceeded
iii.d.

Edith Chappe brewer exceeded vi.d.
Robert Chapman brewer, exceeded
vi.d.

Richard le Fyshar brewer exceeded
vi.d.

William Pykot fisherman exceeded
vj.d.

Richard le Fysher of Sherston ex-
ceeded vjd.

" The twelve jury say on their oath that Isabella Clerkes, Joan de Acres, Robert
Ponyter, Cecilia Crowes, Cecilia Fraunceys, Isabella Kyndelewell, Juliana
Walshe, Agnes atte Forthheye, Alice Tudbard, Cecilia Pory, John Burgeys,
John Swayn, Agnes Kenefek, John Ingram, Margaret de Surendon, Matilda
Hole, Juliana Sprot, Agnes Shirrerue, John Bristowe, Margaret Colyar
through the whole of the past year will not serve by the usual terms but
altogether refuse against the statute."

m. 3. dorse.

" William Sure mower exceeded
xii.d.

JohnColeshullmowerexcedeed xii.d.
Roger Osbarn mower exceeded xl.d.
John Robyns cobbler exceeded x.s.
Richard Robyns cobbler exceeded

JoanPobelles brewster exceeded vi.d.
Edith Shephurdes brewster exceeded
vi.d.

Felise Pinne brewster exceeded ii.s.
Joan le baker brewer exceeded xii.d.
Robert le Chaundel' brewer ex-
ceeded vi.d.

1 " Factrix pannorum lineorum."

390 Offenders against the Statute of Labourers

Edith Charlynges brewster exceeded
ii.d.

John Bordel brewer exceeded vi.d.
John Gylemyn brewer exceeded
ii.d.

Walter atte Wodeland brewer ex-
ceeded vi.d.

William le Prynce brewer, exceeded
vi.d.

Kichard le Cornishe butcher ex-
ceeded ii.s.

Alice his wife, spinster exceeded
xii.d.

John Gode brewer exceeded xld.
William Teintour brewer exceeded
xii.d.

John le Muleward brewer exceeded
xl.d.

John Bouche brewer exceeded xl.d.
John Endford brewer exceeded

vj.s. viii.d.
John Wyk brewer exceeded xii.d.
Eichard Irmonger brewer exceeded

xl.d.

Joan Horneshalle brewster ex-
ceeded xs.

Bobert atte Vanne brewer exceeded
xl.d.

Agnes Code brewster exceeded xii.d.
Blissota Hobbus brewster exceeded
xii.d.

John Bykelote brewer exceeded xl.d.
, John Mayde brewer exceeded vj.d.
Cristina Churchestyghle brewster
exceeded xii.d.
I Joan Nethemor brewster exceeded
xl.d.

Alice Beansale brewster exceeded
xii.d.

Joan Shonyn brewster exceeded
xii.d.

Eichard Crekkelade senior exceeded
xl.d.

Matilda his wife brewster exceded
xii.d.

Eichard Cokelbergh brewer ex-
ceeded xii.d.

Agnes Irmanger brewster exceeded
xii.d.

Eichard Crekkelade junior pelterer,

exceeded xij.d.
John Wyk pelterer exceeded xii.d."

m. 4.

Malmesbury .

"Inquest taken at Malmesbury the Monday next after the feast of the
Nativity of the B. Virgin Mary, before the deputies of the Hundred of
Malmesbury by oath of 12 Jurymen who say Walter Blank of Malmesbury
received excessively for currying leather to the value of ii.s.

"Item John Laurence of Malmesbury for making a wall received exces-
sively to the value of ii.s.

" Item William Parys of Malmesbury withdrew from the town in the
beginning of the autumn and received excessively to the value of ii.s.

" Item Alice wife of William Bochel of Malmesbury, withdrew from the
town in the beginning of the autumn and received excessively to the value
of xii.d.

" Item William Bochel of Malmesbury withdrew from the town in the
beginning of the autumn and received excessively vi.d.

" Item Thomas Parys and Alice his wife of Malmesbury made a rescue
against the constable of the peace and withdrew from the town in the be-
ginning of the autumn.

in Wiltshire A.D. 1349.

391

" Item Joan Michel of Malmesbury withdrew from the town in the be-
ginning of the autumn and received excessively to the value of xl.d.

" Item John Bluet tiler of Radeborne received excessively to the value of v.s.

"Item Richard Smyth of Brokenbury received excessively to the value of
x.s.

"Item William Kyng of Somerford received excessively for reaping corn
to the value of iiii.d."

m. 5.

Aldeborn.

" Inquest before John Chilton and Robert Looff (?) the Tuesday next before
the Nativity of St. John the Baptist 26 Edward III.

" Who 1 say that John Conyng of the same withdrew from selling flesh
after his oath at Aldeborne against the statute and against his oath, and the
foresaid John remains in the custody of the bailiff.2

" Agnes 3 wife of John le Taillor junior received excessively from the sale
of beer against the statute — vj.d. Bail, John Irmanger and Richard de
Beydon.

" Alice wife of John le Muleward took excessively for beer against the
statute vj.d.

" Joan wife of John Chose took, &c, from the sale of beer — vi.d. Bail,
Richard Beydon and John Taillor junior.

" Joan wife of Edward Orchard took excessively from the sale of beer — vi.d.
Bail, John Reyngnald and John Chose.

" Edith Coilles took excessively against the statute from the sale of beer —
vi.d. Bail, John Reygnald and Richard Tyeler.

" John Derby tailor took excessively against the statute — vi.d. Bail, John
Chose and Richard Mercer.

" Helewys wife of John Conyng took excessively against the statute— vi.d.
Bail, John Reyngnald and Richard Tyeler.

"Thomas Vaspail tailor took excessively against the statute — iiij.d. Bail,
John Reyngeald and Richard Beydon.

"John Carloer tailor took excessively against the statute — vi.d. Bail,
Robert le Taillor and John Chose.

" William Alfraid thatcher took excessively against the statute — vj.d. Bail,
Richard Beydon and John Reyngnald.

"Robert Flory " Bochier " took excessively against the statute after his
oath, and the foresaid Robert remains in the custody of the bailiff. 4

Richard le Coilles took excessively against the statute from the sale of
flesh — vj.d. Bail, John Reyngnald and Richard Tyeler.

"Alice Hametts took excessively from the sale of beer — vj.d. Bail, John
Reyngnald and John Chose.

1 The items begin abruptly thus, without mentioning the jury by name.

2 And "it is testified that by reason of the land that he held " is inter-
lined above this item.

3 " Augnet' " in the original.
4 The sum taken in excess is not stated.

392

Offenders against the Statute of Labourers

" Reginald Webbe went out of the service of John Bordon at Litelton
against the new statute ; he found bail John Stephens and Eoger Babbe.

" John Fayr took excessively against the statute xii.d. Bail, John Wilkenes
and John Stephenes.

" John Marschal of Eicardeston took excessively against the statute for
his word to go as ploughman for half a day, 1 quarter of barley for 12 weeks
and on the sixth day from the plough to cultivate the land.1 Bail, John atte
Stone and Henry Gome."

m. 5. d.

" John Zaikhoill thatcher took excessively for his work against the statute
xiid. Bail, John Stephens and John Wilkenes.

"Henry Craketail of Henton took excessively against the statute — xii.d.
Bail, John Stephenes and John Wilkenes.

"William Stephenes of the same took excessively against the statute ij.s.
Bail, John Stephenes and Henry Craketail.

" John Macon of the same took excessively against the statute — iis. Bail,
John Sweteman and Kichard Was.

" John Zouter of the same took excessively against the statute— vj.d. Bail,
John Luce and Richard Was.

Thomas Jones took excessively against the statute — vj.d. Bail, Richard Was
and John Frankelayn.

"John Prat of Swendon oxherd took excessively against the statute — xii.d.
Bail, John Goffe and William Witele."

m. 6.

Kynewardeston.

" Inquest taken there Wednesday the feast of St. Bartholomew before John
Flory and Walter de Lytlecote deputy justices of the lord King concerning
the statute lately enacted touching artificers and workmen and others and
also before the Constable of the said Hundred 25 Edward III. (at Devizes on
Monday in the feast of St. Barnabas the 26th year).2

"By oath of William de Stock, William Hommediewe, Alan de Walton,
John Stormy, William de Wyk, James de Staundene, Elwyas Haynes, Peter
Cleuer, Robert Horch, Hugh Gergrave and Walter de Somersete who say
that

"John Muleward of Westbedewynd took excessively this year in selling
beer x.s.

" Nicholas le Neote of the same workman took excessively ij.s.

"John Schaldebourne took excessively3 xii.d.

" Thomas Whatynden took excessively for cart-wheels xl.d.

1 " ad eund' caruc' per dimid' diem 1 qar ord' ad xii sept' & sexta die de
caruc' ad arrand' terram."

2 Added in another hand.
3 This entry is crossed through and " mort' " (mortuus, dead) written
above it.

in Wiltshire, A.D. 1349.

393

Nicholas le Ropere took excessively
xii.d.

Matilda le Lang de Tylecombe took

excessively vj.d.
Matilda Taylur of the same took

excessively vj.d.
Edith at Pleystow took excessively

vj.d.

Roger Cakard took excessively 3
bushels of corn worth ii.s.

Richard Hombre took excessively
xii.d.

John Canon of Collingburne took
excessively ij.s.

John Burgeys "taylur" took ex-
cessively vi.d.

Matilda Machot took excessively
xii.d.

Petronilla Sawyer took excessively
xii.d.

Matilda Baker took excessively xl.d.
Richard Coltyng took excessively
ii.s.

Wyburgh Machot took excessively
vj.d.

Edith Maysi took excessively ij.s.
Matilda Medeburne took excessively
ij.s.

Robert Lombe took excessively xl.d.
Alice Lombe took excessively iij.d.
John Bothel servant of Alan de

Walton took excessively xiid.
Stephen Tylewene took excessively

ij.s.

John Tylewene de la forde took
excessively ii.s.

Stephen Taylur of Burbach took
excessively xii.d.

William Swone of Eston took ex-
cessively xl.d. ; and withdrew
against the form of the statute.

John Tuddeworth and Alice his wife
sellers of victual took excessively
ij.s.

Leticia Molyn of Colygburne took

excessively xii.d.
John Langlynch of the same butcher

took excessively xl.d.

VOL. XXXIII. — NO. CII.

Richard Moryn butcher of the same
took excessively xl.d.

John Dymmyng butcher took ex-
essively xl.d.

Matilda Grene inn-keeper took ex-
cessively ij.s.

Margaret Ryvers maidservant of
William Burgeis took excessively
ii.s.

William Burgeys seller of victual

took excessively xl.d.
Joan Pope brewster took excessively

ij.s.

JohnDyparof Colyngburne mower
took excessively ijs.

John Fyrlyng shoemaker hitherto
af berhis fine took excessively xij .d.

Robert Scmyt of Peuesey took ex-
cessively ij.s.

William Peschone taylor of Tyte-
combe withdrew from the fore-
said town in the beginning of the
autumn against the form of the
statute.

Roger Seman, John Clerk, Walter
Colverhuse withdrew from the
towne of Eston in the beginning
of the autumn against the form
of the statute and before their
withdrawal each of them took
excessively xl.d.

Walter Ladd workman took ex-
cessively xl.d.

Roger Lawfoll workman took ex-
cessively xl.d.

John Wade took excessively xl.d.

Henry Sawter servant of Robert
Picot, took excessively xl.d.

John Longespe seller of victual took
excessively xl.d.

Robert Hardyng of Estebedewynd
carter took excessively ij.s.

Richard carter of Thomas de St.
Maur in the preceding year took
excessively ij.s.

John Mariot who was servant of the
foresaid Thomas took excessively
ij.s.

2 D

394

Offender* against the Statute of Labourers

AdamCarter mower took excessively

at Froxfeld ij.s.
John Pyleschene of Wilfcone took

excessively ij.s.
Margery Webbe of the same took

excessively xij.d.
Joan Schuppester of Wuilton took

excessively vj.d.
John Page pelterer of Peuesey took

excessively ijs.
Juliana Chamflur servant of Thomas

Stormy of Peuesey took exces-
sively ij.s.
John Hod of Peuesey maker of

baskets and hives'took excessively

ij.s. (?)

William Brasier dwelling at Peuesey
took excessively ij.s.

j John Webbe of Colyngburne took

excessively ij.s.
Adam Rodevyle of Myleton Lyle-

bone took excessively xii.d. (?)
Alice Braumound of Bedwynd

brewster took excessively xl.d. (?)
John Deyrone of Bedewynd pelterer

took excessively [illegible]
Margery Odames of Tytecoumbe

took excessively xij.d.
Richard ate Touneshend of Hynset

took excessively xij.d.
Walter Vrondes of the same took

excessively xii.d.
Adam le Sockes shepherd of Henry

Scormy refuses to serve him

in taking a reasonable livery and

salary yearly."

m. 7

"Answer of John de Flory and Walter de Littlecote deputy justices of the
lord King in Kynewardeston at Devizes, Monday in the feast of St. Barnabas
26 Edward III.

"Inquest taken at Kynewardeston before John de Flory and Walter de
Littlecote deputies of the justices William de Scharesh . . . and his
associates, the Tuesday next after the Feast of the Holy Trinity 26 Edward III.
by the oath of Richard Thorald, William Chamberlayn, Elias Haynes, John
AVaryn, John Attebare, John Kepenhull, Hugh de Gergrave, Robert Holhurst,
Walter Somerset, John Eorl, Thomas le Clerk, Thomas de Forsttebury, and
other free men of the foresaid Hundred who say upon oath that
Peuesey.

"John Boregeys tailor who was convicted before of excess has hitherto
taken xij.d.

"John Stowe thatcher, and Nicholas le Ropere in the same way has taken
hitherto excessively xij.d. each.

John Gakkan (?) took excessively
xij.d.

Sibill le Newe took excessively vj.d.
Agnes Simondes took excessively
xij.d.

John Sowtere took excessively xij.d.
Alice Taylour took excessively ij.s.
iiij.d.

Thomas servant of Thomas le bryd

took excessively vj.d.
Alice Heye took excessively xvj.d.

William le Hurde took excessivel}7
iiij.d.

John Danyel fuller took excessively
xii.d.
Peuesey.

John Howler took excessively
vi.d.

Richard Lok butcher took ex-
cessively vj.d.

Richard Bruton [brewer took ex-
cessively ij.s.

1 Operarius sportarum et ruscarum.

in Wiltshire, A.I). 1349.

395

Thomas Palmere brewer took ex-
cessixely ij.s.

John le Cowpere brewer took ex-
cessively ij.s.

Edith Hurel brewster took ex-
cessively ij.s.

John Chaloner weaver xij.d.

Margery Akerman webster took ex-
cessively xii.d.

Matilda le Mere took excessively
xii.d.

Agnes Allewele took excessively
xii.d.

Mabill Yuggelaye1 took excessively
xij.d.

Walter le Deghere took excessively
iiis. iiij.d.

Agnes wife of William Bisshop took
excessively xij.d.

Edith Fipion (?) spinster took ex-
cessively iiij.d.

Agnes Pageham " schuppestre "
took excessively vj.d.

Matilda wife of William atte Wiche
brewster took excessively xij.d.

Edith Stormy webster took ex-
cessively xij.d.

William le Threcher took ex-
cessively xij.d.

Gilian Soumeter weaver took ex-
cessively vj.d.

Edith Riuers brewster took ex-
cessively xii.d.

Wotton.

John Jordan de Wotton butcher took
excessively xl.d.

JEstbedWynde.
John le Couk of Estbedwynd brewer

took excessively xij.d.
Henry le bredere took excessively

in autumn vj.d.
John le BreoWere took excessively

at the same time vj.d.
Agnes de Kent took excessively at

the same time iij.d.

Hynsete.

Agnes Boundi webster took ex-
cessively vj.d.

Margery Noreys1 took excessively
vi.d.

Chussebury.
William le Yrmanggere carrying

iron took excessively xii.d.
Thomas de Watydeene at another

time convicted took excessively

ij.s.

Cherletone.
John Maisterion seller of victua

took excessively vj.d.
Isabel wife of Geoffrey le Vode in

the same way took excessively

vj.d.

Richard Staunton seller of victual
took excessively ij.s.

Edith wife of Geoffrey le Deyere
brewster was convicted because
she caused to be made from \ qr.
beans 7.s. and l.d. worth of house-
bread and thus took excessively
in both her crafts x.s.

Nicholas Boteler seller of victual
and brewer took excessively xij.d.

Stephen Ferour met men coming
to sell towards Cherleton in the
hundred of Kynewardeston and by
force and arms put them to flight
to the town of Huggeford in Co.
Berks, thus to forestall them.

William Lyteman fuller dwelling at
Stotescombe took double in his
artifice and thus took excessively
in the hundred of Kynewardeston
xl.d.
Fifide.

Matilda Smerenour webster took
excessively xij.d.

William atte Wich smith took ex-
cessively ij.s.

Mid diet on.
Roger le Mere of Middleton brewer
took excessively iijs. iiijd.

1 Comptrix.

2 D 2

396 Offenders against the Statute of Labourers

John Stawnford brewer took ex-
cessively xij.d.

Margaret Palles brewster took ex-
cessively xij.d.

John Blond brewer took ex-
cessively vj.d.

Eston.

Stephen Battyn tailor of Eston took

excessively vj.d.
Matilda Bonion webster of the same

took excessively vj.d.

Borebach.

William Sley of Borebach tailor
took excessively xij.d.

John Mochet miller and brewer
took excessively vj.d.

John Londy shepherd took ex-
cessively vj.d.

Estgarston.
Thomas the Weaver of Estgarston
took excessively xii.d.

Colingborn.

Nicholas Bonfer took excessively
xij.d.

William Borgeys brewer took ex-
cessively ij.s.

BoyerCreyleber carpenter and fisher
took excessively xiij.d.

Alice Kauntelo spinster took ex-
cessively vj.d.

WalterDawnwater collar maker and
mower took excessively xii.d.

Tydecombe.

Wylliam Ynglelond of Tidecombe
brewer took excessively ij.s.

William le Kopere of the same
another time convicted has taken
hitherto excessively ij.s.

Merton .

Adam Blond of Merton maker of
wheels for drawing water2 (?) took
excessively ij.s.

Richard Carpenter of Merton took
excessively xij.d.

Edmund Carpenter of the same
took excessively xij.d.

Edith atte pleistoue spinster took
excessively xij.d.

John Tailor 1 of tidecombe took ex-
cessively xij.d.

Schaldeborn.
Richard le Nappere of Schaldeborn

brewer, took excessively xij.d.
Richard Tailor 1 of the same took

excessively xij.d.
William le Wonde thresher took

excessively vj.d.
William le Muleward of Botteleye

another time convicted has

hitherto taken excessively xl.d.

Westbedwynde. Forde.
Nicholas Croune of Forde brewer

took excessively xl.d.
Walter Dando day labourer took

excessively.
Matilda Bigeles of Westbedwynde

brewster took excessively ij.s.
Margery, wife of John Muleward of

the same brewster took ex-
cessively xl.d.
John Mawnorl brewer and weaver

took excessively xl.d.

" Item they say that John de Bradewey carter (?) against the form of the
statute has withdrawn from the Prior of St. Margaret's by Marlborough and
the foresaid John de Bradewey is attached to answer the foresaid Prior; Rebel

1 Thomas Textor. John Sartor. Richard Sartor.
- Operator austorum (haustrarum ?)

in Wiltshire, A.D. 1349.

397

of the lord King against the statute refuses to come before [ j^e justices j ^
[Thomas Brid de W . . . another rebel is supported by his neighbours]." 1

HI. 8.

"Presentations before John Canynges and his associates deputy justices
of the lord king in the Hundred of Highworth and Crekkelade by the jury.

"That Edith Henrys spinster took excessively from diverse men vj.d. and
it is her first offence. Therefore [the bailiff] is ordered to take her.

" That Agatha Mortimer brewster sells beer beyond a moderate profit and
has taken excessively iiii.d. Therefore [the bailiff] is ordered to take her.

" That John atte Welle thresher who was sworn to ply his business ac-
cording to the form of the statute took excessively from diverse men after
his oath xii.d. Therefore the bailiff is ordered to take him.

" That John Sturne thresher who was sworn to serve according to the
form of the statute after his oath from diverse men took excessively xii.d.
Therefore, &c.

" That John Waller junior labourer has taken excessively at times 2 before
his oath ij.s. Therefore, &c.

" That John servant of Hugh Eandolf, labourer, has taken excessively at
times before his oath xl.d. Therefore, &c.

" That Thomas Neel seller of victual, sells salt and oats and other victual
beyond a moderate profit and has taken at times excessively xl.d. Therefore,
&c.

" That William Agneys labourer who was sworn to serve Thomas de St.
Maur has withdrawn out of the county from his service without license or
reasonable cause. Therefore, &c.

" That John Riborgh of Stratton who was sworn to serve John Canynges
has withdrawn out of the county from his service without licence or reasonable
cause. Therefore, &c.

" That Henry Kynny, labourer took excessively from diverse men at times
iii.d. Therefore, &c.

" That John Henrys junior who was sworn to serve Robert Henrys without
licence or reasonable cause has withdrawn. Therefore, &c.

1 The writing and the parchment is worn away at these two passages, which,
so far as they are legible, are as follows : —

"Item dicunt quod Johannes de Bradewey car . . . contra formam
statuti recessit de Priore [de] Sanctae Margarete juxta Marleberg et . . .
Bradewey attachiatur ad respondendum prefato Priori Rebell' domini Regis
contra statutum coram . . . [ve]nire recusat.

" Item dicunt quod Thomas Brid de W . . . domini Regis de statute
ac et eciam dni Regis rebell' despisit et omnes exue . . sa visineto suo per
posse suum eonforta . . . manuteuat."

2 Pervices.

398

Offenders against the Statute of Labourers

" That Joan wife of Henry Hobbes brewster who was sworn to exercise,
&c, after her oath took excessively from diverse men xl.d. Therefore, &c.

"That Kichard Donnyng procured Koger Dounton labourer to serve him
and offered him xx.s. for his salary by year and his diet,1 so that the said
Eoger went away 2 from the service of Walter Wormerigge to the damage, &c.
Therefore, &c."

m. 8 a.

" That Bichard Eoggers of Stratton who was sworn to serve Walter Berton,
&c, without licence or reasonable cause withdrew from his service before the
end of the term out of the county. Therefore, &c.

"That William Thomelyns withdrew from the service of Simon Berewyk
without licence or reasonable cause. Therefore, &c.

"That Nicholas le Wayte procured to himself Alice Wayte who had been
sworn to serve John Lusteshull [and] within the term without licence or
reasonable cause withdrew. Therefore, &c.

111. 9.

" SWANBERGH.

" Upaven. Sittings of the deputy Justices of the lord king at Saylbergh
the Saturday next after the feast of St. Barnabas the Apostle 26 Edward III.
concerning transgressors against the ordinance of the new statute.

"The Jury say that Philip Whyllepin (?) of Uphaven took excessively
after his oath vj.d. Pledge for the excess, John Fraunceys.

"That Eva wife of Kalph Skynnere brewster took excessively after her
oath xii.d.

Kalph le Clerc brewer took ex-
cessively iii.d.

Eichard Malweyn tapster sold beer
in excess to iii.d.

Adam Coleman brewer sold beer in
excess to vj.d.

Adam Cat fisherman and merchant
took excessive profit to xij.d.

John Wakeman (?) tappster sold
excessively to iii.d.

John Stifleg brewer took excessively
xii.d.

Walter Galant brewer took ex-
cessively vj.d.

AdamTaverner seller of victual took
excessive profit iij-d.

John Godrer merchant and brewer
sold excessively to vj.d.

William le Smyth took excessively
v.d.

William Wowere brewer took ex-
cessively vj.d.

John Pykot pelterer took excessively
vj.d.

William le Tayllour of Upphaven
tailor excessively for hisworkxij.d.

William Truper fisherman took ex-
cessively vj.d.

Walter le Smyth smith and fisher-
man took excessively vj.d.

William Vommere thresher took
excessively vj.d.

Eobert Baker brewer took ex-
cessively vj.d.

Simon Gybber brewer took ex-
cessively vj.d.

1 Et mensem suum.
2 Elongavit.

in Wiltshire, A.D. 1349.

399

John Chuppeman merchant took
excessively vj.d.

John Bacon junior brewer took
excessively vj.d.

Geoffrey Franceyus brewer took
excessively vj.d.

John Chalener brewer took ex-
cessively vj.d.

Simon Barnebes merchant took ex-
cessively iij.d.

Henry Taillour tailor took ex-
cessively iii.d.

John Satel thresher took excessively
iii.d.

John Langeluce carpenter took ex-
cessively vj.d.

Beginald Duke thresher and fisher-
man took excessively vj.d,

Rusteshale.
J ohn Suayl butcher took excessively
for selling victual after his oath
vj.d.

William Gay merchant and brewer
took excessively after his oath vj.d.

Isabel 1 wife of John Jagon spinster
took excessively after her oath
iij.d.

John Koc of Busteshale took ex-
cessively iiii.d. Pledge Peter le
Clone.

Charleton.
John Coupere and William Mills
butchers

William Cornett tailor took ex-
cessively after his oath xj.d.

Wyveletford.

Walter Wyot took excessively vj.d.
after his oath.

Balphe Hogges thresher and fisher-
man took excessively after his
oath vj.d.

Merden.

John Devenysche took excessively
xij.d. after his oath; pledges for the
excess Thomas Kene and Bobert
atte Masche.

Pateney.

Henry Holle butcher sold ex-
cessively to vj.d. after his oath.

Stannton.
No one found there in excess.

Aulton Priors.
John Boddoke took excessively after

his oath vj.d. Pledge for the

excess John Wyk.
Bobert le Webbe took excessively

after his oath vj.d. Pledge John

. . . obel.

Dracote (?)
No one found there in excess.

Ore.

No one found there in excess.

Wilecote (?)
No one found there in excess.
[Illegible] Joan le Bocher brewster

took excessively xii.d." 2

m. 9. d.

" John le Taillour of Lytelton took excessively for his work xii.d.
" Alyngton. No one is there who takes excessively.

" The bailiff is ordered to take John Pavior of Bychchenstoke (?) who was
sworn to serve Bichard Verdon, and who has withdrawn from his service
within the term, and the bailiff answers that he is not found."

[The rest of this side of the membrane is illegible.]

1 " Is." It may be Isolda.
2 Ten lines following are illegible.

400

Offenders against the Statute of Labourers

m. 10.

" Sioanbergh. The Jury say that John Loutry mowed \ acre of meadow
in Upavene which was Walter Galaunt's and took for the mowing x.d.
That William Mylle and William Mylle, junior, John Duke and William
Gosehorn mowed an acre of meadow which belouged to Simon Gybbes in
Upavene and took for mowing xiiij.d. That Cristina Ferthyng took from
Kichard le Clerk ij.s. for her services in the winter term. That John Wittry
mowed an acre of meadow in Uppavene which belonged to Simon Gybbes
and took for mowing x.d. That Humprey le Fox took excessively for reaping
corn xl.d. That John Cobenham took excessively for reaping corn in
Kusteshall xl.d. That Henry le Galewe has bound himself to and has
withdrawn from the service of John Clarice from the term of Hokeday
last past until the feast of St. Michael next coming against the agreement
made between them against the statute. That William Mylle junior and
William Mylle senior, John Duk and William Gosehorn mowed \ acre of
meadow, which belonged to Walter Galaunt in Upavene and took viii.d and
thus excessively v.d. halfpenny."

m. 11.

" Inquest taken before the deputies of the Hundred of Malmesbury on
Thursday next before the feast of St. Barnabas, 26 Edward III.

" The twelve jurors say that William Reygnald of Norton servant of Hugh
Saunders took in excess for his salary to the value of vj.s. That the
household servant 1 of Richard atte Gere of the same town took in excess to
the value of xii.d. That John Deye mason of Pole took in excess to the
value of xii.d. That John Mete, household servant, of Dauntesey took
in excess to the value of xii.d. That John Reygnald, household servant of
the same town took in excess to the value of xii.d. That John Forester
servant in Keuel took in excess to the value of xii.d. That Henry Byloun,
weaver of Brokenebergh took in excess to the value of ii.s. That the wife of
Henry, wool spinner took in excess to the value of xii.d.2 That Christina
Fraunceys wool spinner of Asshelegh took in excess to the value of vi.d.
That Edith Palmere of Brokeneberg took in excess to the value of xii.d.
That William Stephen household servant of Norton took in excess to the
value of ii.s. That Agnes Edewyne brewster of Malmesbury took in excess
to the value of vj.d. That Thomas Laurens brewer of the same took in
excess xii.d. That William Grymbald brewer of the same took in excess xviii.d
That Henry Jeamiour (?) brewer of the same took in excess vi.d. That Elys
Bakewyt brewer of the same took in excess xii.d. That Edith Russel brewster
of the same town took in excess xii.d. That William atte Purye brewer of
the same took in excess to the value of xl.d. That Christina Benet brewster
of the same took, &d., vi.d. That Joan Barbour of the same took, &c, vi.d.
That Thomas Smyth smith of the same took, &c, iii.d. That Nicholas
Handsex carrying doors and windows from empty tenements in Malmesbury

1 Famul.' This entry has been crossed through.
'2 This entry has been crossed through.

in Wiltshire, A.D. 1349.

401

took, &c, xii.d. and Thomas Smyth of Malmesbury for the same xii.d.
Richard Uphulle of Malmesbury for the same xii.d. Thomas Terry for the
same xii.d. That Richard Corston cobbler of Malmesbury took in excess to
the value of ij.s. That John le Smyht of Cherlton took &c, x.s. That the
said Richard Uphulle and Thomas Terry are night rovers and common
disturbers of the peace.

m. 12.

Cain

Chiryel

Calne. Answers of the Deputies there.

/Richard Freman took and acknowledged xii.d. Pledge. . . .
' Edith Hoperes likewise and acknowledged viii.d. Pledge John
Deghere.

Stephen Heord likewise and acknowledged ...d. Pledge . . .
Crypce.

Joan Schullebull' likewise and acknowledged vj.d. Pledge John
Deghere.

Thomas atte Tannulle likewise and acknowledged viij.d. Pledge
Ralph Muleward.
( John Fitz (?) servant of Nicholas Muleward for his salary took
ii.s. Pledges John Justice and Nicholas Mulewarde.
Robert Lillefount took and acknowledged vj.d. Pledge William
Crypce.

John Roggerant took and acknowledged xii.d. Pledge John
Deghere.

Henry Selewode took and acknowledged xii.d. Pledge John
Justice.

\Alice Tanneres took and acknowledged ii.d. every day for hoeing;
the sum of her excesses xij.d.

( Juliana atte Slo took vj.d. in excess : Pledge William Cohere.
J Agnes Skot took vj.d. in excess: Pledge Gilbert Busshop.
j Walter Aysschman took viij.d. in excess : pledge Thomas Busshop
v and W. Forst.

{Richard BiteFynger took xvj.d. in excess : pledge Robert Ballard.
John Moryce took v.d. in excess : pledge Waltere Hopere.
Rogger Ny weman took iiiid. in excess : pledge William Hay ward
John Taylour took v.d. in excess : pledge John Schort.

( Richard Dykere mower took xii.d. in excess : pledge [blank'].
John Bygge took xij.d. in excess , pledge William Avene.
Agnes Foxham took iij.d. in excess - pledge Hugh Reedemore (?)
John Mason took vj.d. in excess : pledge William Godehyne.
Christina Compton took iii.d. in excess : pledge Robert Mildeby-
Walter Schail took iij.d. in excess : pledge Robert Ywayn.
Thomas Waryn took vj.d. in excess : pledge W. Godhyne.
Edith wife of John Purnele took vj.d. in excess: pledge W.
Godhyne.

lAlice Biddes took xij.d. in excess : pledge Nicholas Felawe.

William Gode, Richard Amfrai, Walter Spakeman, Richard Kyn[ge ?] took
of John Upehull for mowing one acre of meadow xij.d."

Stodlegh

402

Offenders against the Statute of Labourers

m. 13.

[Endorsed, "Answers of the Deputies within written at Devizes Monday in
the feast of St. Barnabas, xxvith year."]

MelJcsham.

" John Lovel, John le Gras, John Lilishulle, Kichard Habur, . . . Robert
atte Chambre, John Benetes, Robert at Hupegate, John de Bide, Peter le
Courstur, Robert Walewain, John Hugon, Richard de Somerham, the Jury
say that

John Felawe baker received ex-
cessively vj.d.

Robert Sweteappel butcher received
excessively xii.d.

JohnCok butcher took excessively i.s.

David le Taillour took excessively
vj.d.

Henry le Taillour received against
his oath ii.s.

John Tut "wheelere" received ex-
cessively ijs.

Roger Tute "whelere " received ex-
clusively ij.s.

William Grenyng "wheelere" re-
ceived excessively xii.d.

William Bartelet weaver received
excessively ij.s.

Robert Valewn (?) weaver received
excessively xij.d.

Walter Tannere weavere received
excessively vj.d.

Margery atte Churcheye webster
received excessively vj.d.

Anna Sex webster received ex-
cessively iii.d.

Hugh le Webbe received excessively
ii.d.

Robert Bradeford " Tonkere " re-
ceived excessively against his
oath xij.d.

Roger Spierner "Tonkere" received
against his oath xij.d.

John Suchalestrete received ex-
cessively against his oath ij.s.

Is[abella ?] Tannies tapstrix re-
ceived excessively iij.d.

Dinicia le Mawe tapstrix received
excessively iij.d.

William Julian tapster received ex-
cessively vj.d.

Robert Bradeford tapster received
excessively vj.d.

Marges Hakers tapster received ex-
cessively iid.

JohnSkynnere received excessively
vj.d.

John Baroun " lachere " received
excessively ij.s.

Edmond Baroun " lachere " received
excessively xii.d.

Roger Hachard fisherman received
excessively iii.d.

John . . eg (?) thresher received
against his oath iiij.d.

Robert Scude weaver received ex-
cessively ij.d.

John Duyce butcher received ex-
cessively xij.d.

Richard le Whyte weaver received
against his oath iij.d.

John Jurdan webbe received against
his oath iiij.d.

Roger le Taillour received ex-
cessively iiij.d.

. . . Lange servant received ex-
cessively vj.d.

John Bucher of Rewe took ex-
excessively ij.s.

John Tail[lour?] junior took ex-
cessively iiij.d.

John Whitheme tapster took ex-
cessively vj.d.

Philip Bruchere received excessively
against his oath xij.d. (?)

Rogere Hickes brewer received ex-
cessively against his oath xii.d.

.... helere received excessively
against his oath xij.d.

Joan Canyel received excessively
iij.d.

in Wiltshire, A3. 1349.

403.

Edith Cok received excessively iij.d.
Matilda Tham received excessively
ij.d.

Joan Deuenysshe received ex-
cessively iii.d.

. . . . Jurdanes (?) ii.d.

Is[abel ?J Larent received ex-
cessively ij.d.

. . . . Thommys received ex-
cessively vj.d."

[The last four lines on this mem-
brane are too illegible to translate ;
they refer to some persons who had
withdrawn from the various services
for which they had been engaged."]

m. 14.

[Endorsed. " Answer of the Deputies of the Hundred of Bradeford at

Devizes on Monday in the feast of St. Barnabas the Apostle."]

an j j* j "\t , . I William Botyler

Bradeford. Names of the Deputies -j Thomas q0/^

" Inquest taken at Bradeford on the Thursday next before the feast of St.
Barnabas in the 26th year of the king before the deputies of the Hundred by
the oath of George Vyncent, Nicholas Gibbes, Nicholas Clade, Michael de
Holte, Thomas Harald, Thomas de Mourcele, Walter de Forde, JohnHamond,
John le Cok, John Eir (?), Richard Gay, and Thomas Pylk, who sworn and
charged upon their oath say that

John Frenche fisherman received against the ordinance vj.d.

Philip Somayn tailor received excessively xii.d.

Nicholas Swetelove tailor received excessively vj.d.

Adam Mighel butcher received excessively vj.d.

Henry de Berle for making flour of oats received excessively vj.d.

Margery Croppes received excessively iij.d.

John Tonkere received excessively vj.d.

Adam Cagelere received excessively vj,d.

Simon Corsoul "skynnere " received excessively vj.d.

Henry Smyth received excessively against the ordinance vj.d.
These are to take their oath before the constable.

John Smyth of Farley received against his oath xii.d.

John Grigour received excessively against his oath vj.d.

John Wynebold put himself to his craft and left off working against
his oath.

John son of Alice Stephines put himself to his craft and left off labouring
in agriculture 1 against his oath.

m. 15.

" Kyngbrugge. Presentations and Processes made before Matthew de
Besyles, John de Chilton, and William de Chuselden deputy Justices
of the lord king assigned to inquire concerning servants, &c, 26
Edward III., viz., at Devizes on Monday in the feast of St. Barnabas.
" It was presented that Philip Heryng of Chuselden carpenter took ex-
cessively for his work from various men vj.d. against the form of the Statute ;
who afterwards comes before the foresaid deputies at Chuselden and there
accused \inculjpatus] puts himself in the king's grace and he finds bail, John

1 Circa agricUlturam.

404

Offenders against the Statute of Labonrers

Tyburn and Kobert Westroup to satisfy the king for the foresaid excess
according to the form of the statute at the next session of the foresaid justices
fine xii.d.1

" JohnLaurok came, atChuselden, vagabond out of service and acknowledged
that he had withdrawn from the service of William de Stratton of Oxfordshire.
Therefore he is committed to the custody of the bailiff of the Hundred until
it is known concerning this withdrawal ; and afterwards there is bail by
Thomas Whytsyde and John Goddarde for his being in the presence of the
Justices at their next session to stand to their consideration 2 concerning the
foresaid withdrawal, if he shall not be able to prove that he withdrew by the
licence of the foresaid William. Fine vi.d.

" It was presented that William le Coupere of Elecombe who at another
time before the foresaid justices had been sworn to exercise his trade according
to the form of the statute took excessively for his work from divers men vj.d.
against his oath. Who afterwards came before the foresaid deputies at
Nether Worfton and accused [inculpatns] says that he is in nothing guilty
thereof and puts himself upon the country. Therefore the bailiff of the
Hundred is commanded to make come xii free and lawful men of his bailiwick
at Swindon on Tuesday the feast of SS. Philip and James to take cognizance
on oath if, &c. ; and he finds bail, Walter Gylemyn and John le Smyth for
being there on the foresaid day, &c. And afterwards a day is given him
before the foresaid Justices, on which day the xii Jury on their oath say that
William is in nothing thereof guilty. Therefore it is considered that he go
thence acquitted.

' ' John Boltash carter of the parson of Elyndon acknowledged that he received
for his livery for x weeks 1 quarter of corn, whereof ij bushels [are] of wheat
whereas he was wont to be given for xi weeks 1 quarter whereof 1 bushel
[was] of wheat. Therefore he remains in the custody of the bailiff. And
afterwards there is mainprise by Thomas de Lyl and Philip Shayl for his
being before the foresaid Justices at their next session to answer to the king
for the excess aforesaid.

" Walter Clement oxherd of the foresaid parson acknowledged that he
received for his livery this year for x weeks 1 qr. of corn whereof ij bushel was
of wheat, whereas he used to be given for xi weeks j qr. of corn whereof 1
bushel was of wheat. Therefore, as above. Mainprise by John in the Hurn
and Philip Shayle.

" Walter Eyche acknowledged that he received from the foresaid parson
for his livery this year through the whole winter for xij weeks 1 qr. of corn
whereof ij bushels were of wheat whereas he used to be given for xii. weeks

1 This inquest is the only one on the roll where the amount of the fine or
ransom enjoined by the statute " in case they be attainted" is recorded. In
the other passages the word "fine" or "fined" is written in the margin
against the name or in the space above it, but the amount is left out.

2 " Et postea manuc est per Thomam Whytsyde et Johannem Goddard
essendi coram predictis justiciis in proxima eorum sessione ad standum con-
sideracioni eorum de recessu predicto, si," &c.

in Wiltshire, A.D. 1349.

405

j qr. of corn without wheat, Therefore, as above. Mainprise by the same
John and Philip.

"Henry Trip who served Walter le Whyte in his office of miller for the
whole winter this year has withdrawn from his service against the form of
the statute. Therefore, he is taken, &c.

"It is presented that John le Devennyssh Taillour who had another time
before the foresaid deputies been sworn to ply his craft according to the form
of the statute took excessively for his work from diverse men iii.s. against
his oath. Who afterwards came before the foresaid deputies at Nether
Worfton and indicted [inculpatus] says that he is in nothing guilty thereof
and puts himself upon the country. Therefore the bailiff of the Hundred is
commanded to make come xii free and lawful men of his bailiwick at Swindon
on the feast of SS. Philip & James to take cognizance, &c, and he finds bail,
Walter Gyleman and Thomas Lyle for being there. And afterwards a day
is given him before the foresaid Justices, on which day the Jury say on their
oath that he is in nothing thereof guilty; therefore, &c, he goes thence
acquitted."

m. 15 d.

" That Edward le Taillour of Wotton servant of the Prior and Convent of
Bradenstok by agreement made between them, viz., from Michaelmas in the
25th year of the king until the Michaelmas next following to receive his diet
and accustomod salary withdrew from his service before the feast of St.
Nicholas,1 without leave or reasonable cause against the form of the statute.
Therefore the bailiff of the Hundred is ordered to make him come before the
foresaid Justices in their next session, &c.

"John Deth of Worfton acknowledges himself to have taken from John
Lovel \ mark excessively for reaping the corn of the said John Lovel. And
he finds mainpernours (bail) John Shayl and Walter Whyte for his being
before the foresaid Justices, &c.

"It is presented that Agnes Brounces of Tockenham brewster took ex-
cessively from divers men for beer sold by her against the form of the statute
ij.s. and she found bail in Henry Gibbes and William Lytlecote for her being
before the justices, &c. And she was sworn, &c, and fined ij.s.

"That Matilda Stryveyn of Clacke brewster took in the same way xii. d.
And found bail, viz., Matthew Beryles and William Lytlecote for being, &c.
Fined xij.d.

" That Richard the cobbler of Clacke at another time sworn to exercise his
craft, &c, took excessively from divers men for shoes sold by him against
the form of the statute and after his oath xl.d. Which Richard indeed before
the foresaid deputies has not yet appeared, because the bailiff of the Hundred
answers that he has not been found. Therefore the bailiff is ordered to take
him so as to have him before the Justices at their next session at Devizes.
Who [Richard] does not come [at Devizes]. And upon this the bailiff of
the hundred is ordered to take him and . . . the foresaid Richard seeing
the bailiff coming took flight, and would not stand to his attachment. And

1 Sancti Nicholai in the original ; but query whether Sancti Michaeli was
not intended.

406 Offenders against the Statute of Labourers

afterwards being taken he came before the Justices ; and indicted as well for
the foresaid excess as for the contempt aforesaid, Eichard says he does not
acknowledge this and he places himself in the king's grace. Fined ij (?) marks.

" And that Matilda wife of Stephen Chepman of Clacke brewster took
excessively from divers men for beer sold by her against the form of the
statute xl.d. and found bail, viz., William le Clerk and Koger Mortynaux for
being before, &c. Fine xl.d.

" That Juliana Baterych of Clack brewster took excessively from divers
men for beer sold by her xii.d. against the form of the statute and against
her oath made before the foresaid Justices. And found bail, viz., William
Scryueyn and Stephen Chepman, &c. Fine ij.s.

" That Thomas Lotes brewer after his oath made at another time before
the foresaid deputies took excessively from divers men against the form of
the statute xij.d. who has not yet appeared before the justices because the
bailiff of the hundred says he was not found. Therefore the same bailiff is
ordered to take him so that he has him before the said Justices at their next
session, &c. [Added later] Afterwards he acknowledged this.1 Fine ij.s.

" And Matilda le Sinythes brewster after her oath made at another time
before the deputies took excessively from divers men for beer sold by her
xij.d. against the form of the statute. And found bail, viz., Stephen Chepman
and Eoger Mortynaux for her being before the justices, &c.

" Matilda Belle of Clacke brewster after her oath made, &c, took ex-
cessively from divers men xii.d. And found bail, viz., Stephen Chepman and
Kobert le Smyth for her being, &c. Fined xii.d.

"That Agnes Botewelles brewster after her oath, &c, took excessively from
divers men xii.d. Bail, Walter Botuelle and Stephen Chepman. She
acknowledged this. Fine ij.s."

m. 16.

" That Thomas Tonkere of Came fuller took excessively from divers men
for his trade against the form of the statute xij.d. which Thomas indeed has
not yet appeared before the foresaid Justices because the bailiff of the
Hundred answers that he was not found. Therefore the same bailiff is
ordered to take him so that he has him before the Justices at their next
session, &c. Fine xii.d.

" That IsabellHopers brewster took excessively from divers men for beer sold
by her xii.d. against the form of the statute and her oath, &c. And she found
bail, William Clerk and William Hopere for her being before, &c. And the
12 men sworn upon this matter say that she is not thereof guilty.

" That Julia la Beste of Lydyerd took excessively of Margery Chepman of
Meghyndon ij.s. for her stipend against the form of the statute. And found
bail, viz., John Smert and William Challoner for her being before, \ &c.
Fine xii.d.

" That Henry Guldelok of Brodetowne tailor took excessively for his craft
xii.d. from divers men against the form of the statute and he has not yet

1 The note is written between this entry and that following, and may refer
to the latter.

in Wiltshire, A.D. 1349.

407

appeared, &c. Therefore the foresaid bailiff is ordered to take him so that
he has him before the foresaid Justices, &c. Fine xii.d.

" That Edith Paiers (fine vi.d.) of Clyvepyperd, Alice Dounames (fine vj.d.)
of the same, Edith Lange (fine vj.d.) of the same, Isabel Purs (fine vj.d.)
of the same took excessively in the autumn last past from divers men for
reaping corn, each of them in sheave, to the value of vj.d. And they found
bail, viz., Richard Tailor and Philip Hunte for their being before the foresaid
Justices, &c.

"And Walter Cook of Thornhull (fine ii.s.) and Agnes his wife, Thomas
Averil of the same (fine xii.d.) and Alice his wife, and John London of the
same (fine xii.d.) and Agnes his wife took excessively from divers men for
reaping corn in the autumn last past each of them vj.d. against the form of
the statute who all came before the foresaid deputies and acknowledged this
and put themselves in the king's grace. And they found bail, Robert Tarente,
AValter Cockes, John atte Mulne and William Roser for their being before, &c.

" Thomas late servant of Ralph de Chusleden withdrew from the service of
the same Ralph without reasonable cause before the end of the term agreed
upon between them and refused his foresaid service against the form of the
statute and Thomas has not yet appeared, &c. Therefore the same bailiff is
ordered to take him so that he has him before the foresaid Justices at their
next session.

"And John the shepherd (fine ii.s.) of Walter Halman of Medebourn took
excessively of the same Walter xx.d. for his livery by taking for the half-year
out of every quarter of corn ii bushels of wheat instead of ii bushels of barley;
which John acknowledges before the deputies aforesaid and found bail,
Thomas Horput and John Philip for being before, &c.

" And Philip Heryng of Chuselden carpenter took excessively for his work
from divers men vj.d. and finds bail, viz., Robert Westroup and John
Tyboiirn, &c.

" Constance Peris of Wambergh brewster took excessively from divers men
for beer sold by her xii.d. against the form of the statute who comes before
the foresaid deputies and acknowledges this. And finds bail, Thomas Horput
and John Wyke. Fined xii.d. and sworn.

" Agnes Cookes of Wambergh brewster took excessively from divers men
for beer sold by her xii.d. against the form of the statute. Bail, John Fiz
William and Thomas Horput. Fined xii.d. and sworn.

" John Hardy of Wambergh took excessively from divers men for reaping
corn xii.d. against the form of the statute ; who has not yet appeared, &c.
Therefore the same bailiff is ordered to take him that he may have him, &c.

" Richard Blyk servant of Thomas Horput of Wambergh took excessively
of the same Thomas xii.d. for his livery and salary against the form of the
statute ; who comes before the deputies aforesaid and acknowledges this and
finds bail, Thomas Horput and John Wyk, for being, &c. Fine xii.d.

"Nicholas the carpenter of Swyndon took excessively for his labour from
divers men xl.d. against the form of the statute who before the foresaid
deputies has not yet appeared, &c. Therefore the same bailiff is ordered to
take him, &c. Fine xl.d.

" John Pynson of Swyndon brewer took excessively from divers men xii.d.
for beer sold by him against the form of the statute. And he acknowledges

408 Offenders against the Statute of Labourers

this before the foresaid deputies and puts himself on the king's grace. And
finds bail, viz., Richard Smyth and John Palmere, &c. Fine xii.d."

m. 16 d.

" Amice Kynges and Joan Kynges brewster took excessively from divers men
for beer sold by them xii.d. Therefore the bailiff of the hundred is ordered
to make them come before the foresaid Justices at their next session there
to answer, &c. Fine xii.d.

" John Romyas thresher of Swindon took excessively for threshing corn
vi.d. and the bailiff of the Hundred is ordered to make him come before the
foresaid deputies there to answer ; who replies that he is not found. Therefore
the same bailiff is bidden to take him that he may have him before the
foresaid Justices at their next session.

"Philip Macion of Swyndon took excessively from divers men xii.d. for
his work against the form of the statute. And finds bail, viz., John Boundy
and Nicholas Gybbes before the foresaid Justices. Fine xii.d.

" Walter Joop " Whyttawyere" took excessively from divers men for his
work xld. against the form of the statute ; who has not yet appeared before the
foresaid deputies, because, &c. Therefore the bailiff is bidden to take Walter
so that he have him, &c.

" William London and Richard Bons servant of Thomas de la Ryvere at
Erdescote withdrew from the service of the same Thomas without reasonable
cause before the end of the term agreed on between them, against the form
of the statute ; which William and Richard have not yet appeared, &c, &c.
Therefore the same bailiff is ordered to take them, &c.

" Thomas le Swon swineherd of the town of Wambergh withdrew from his
service in the same way ; who has not yet appeared, &c. Therefore the
bailiff, &c.

" Richard de Colesse "Eremyte" took excessively from John deBradenstok
and others for thatching houses and for mowing meadows iiii.d. against the
form of the statute. Therefore the bailiff of the hundred is bidden to make
him come before the foresaid Justices at their next session, &c.

" William Wyron of Tockenham butcher took excessively from divers men
for victual sold by him ij.s. Therefore the bailiff of the hundred is ordered
to make him come, &c. Fine xii.d.

"Cristina Papet of Tockenham (fine iij.d.) Lucy atte Hull of the same
(fine vi.d.) and Joan Grurgenyle of Lynham (fine vj.d.) brewsters took ex-
cessively each of them from divers men vj.d. Therefore the bailiff of the
Hundred is ordered to make them come before the foresaid Justices at their
next session to answer to the lord King for the foresaid excess.

"Agnes Wastel of Lynham (fine ii.s.) and Sibilla la Swenes of Preston
(fine ij.s.) brewsters took excessively both of them from divers men for beer
sold by them xii.d. against the form of the statute, and against their oath
lately taken before the foresaid deputies. Therefore the bailiff of the Hundred
is bidden to make them come before the foresaid Justices at their next session.

in Wiltshire, A.D. 1349.

409

" William Brown (fine vj.d.) William Botewelle (acknowledgement, fine
xviii.d.)1 and William Goudreuen (acknowledgement, fine xviii.d.)1 butchers
took excessively from divers men for flesh sold by them, each of them vi.d.
against their oath. Therefore the bailiff of the Hundred is ordered to make
them come, &c.

" William Scryueyn of Clacke (fined xij.d.) John Dany of Cristemallford
(fined vj.d.) Robert Persone of the same (fined vj.d.) Roger le Webbe of
Foxham (taken, fined) William Lupeyate of the same (taken, fined) William
Belle of Grutenham (fine vi.d.) Adam le Sawyare of Clack (fine vj.d.) and
William le Blake of Foxham butcher (fined), John Gaunt (fined vj.d. and
sworn) aud John Chesman (fined vj.d.) of Helmerton, tailors, Alice Alerman
(fined xii.d.), Matilda Herwy (fined xii.d.) Agnes Wegges (fined vj.d. and
sworn) Isabella Radenham (fined vj.d. and sworn) Alice Meregromes (fined
vj.d. and sworn) and John le Mulleward (fined vj.d.) of Helmerton, brewers
took each of them vj.d. from divers men for victual sold by them and for
their crafts against the statute therefore the bailiff of the Hundred is bidden
to make them come before the foresaid Justices at their next session to answer
the lord King for the foresaid excess.

[The Editor is indebted to Mr. Cecil Simpson for the MS. of the above paper.]

1 These words " cogn' fin' xviii.d." &c. in brackets, are written over the
names in the original.

VOL. XXXIII. — NO. CII.

410

1pit=|^tcrt'ic Ittteimeitts vim Jovton, Milts.

By E. A. Kawlence.
(Read at the Devizes Meeting of the Society, July 11th, 1903.)

HAVE been asked to give an account of some excavations
which I made near Porton in 1897 and 1901.
About one mile south of Porton Station there is a large bell-
shaped barrow, situated on the east side of the L. and S. W. Line
in the hedge which divides the parishes of Gomeldon and Winter-
bourne Gunner. It is called the Horse Barrow on the Ordnance
Survey. It is doubtful whether it has ever been properly excavated,
but it has been partly removed, probably to obtain chalk for
making up the water-meadows. Near this, on the west side of
the line, is a field which, until recent years, was always ploughed,
but is now pasture.

Passing in the train, I noticed during the extreme droughts of
the summers of 1895 and 1896 two brown rings in the grass, about
one yard wide. The outer ring was fully fifty yards in diameter,
and the inner one about twenty yards. There was also a brown
spot in the centre, indicating the interment.

The surface of the field is perfectly level, affording no evidence
of any burial, and had not bad times compelled the farmer to lay
the field down to grass, probably this interment would never have
been discovered. This is the only instance I can recall of any
benefit having been derived from the agricultural depression.

I obtained the consent of the owners, Miss Evans and Mrs.
Kennedy, to investigate the cause of these rings, and in conjunction
with Mr. Doran Webb excavated the ground.

The rings were found to be formed of large picked flints, which,
becoming super-heated through the protracted drought, had
scorched up the herbage.

So far as I can remember these flint circles were complete, and

Pre-historic Interments near Porton, Wilts. 411

of remarkable geometrical correctness. Canon Greenwell, in his
British Barrows, states on pages 6 and 7 in regard to enclosing
circles on the Yorkshire Wolds : —

"I have met with this feature in the form of a circle of flint stones, and
of a circular trench. In both cases there was a space left vacant . . .
The same peculiarity is found to exist in the barrows and cairns of other
parts of England and Scotland, and indeed, this incompleteness appears to
be almost invariable in connection with sepulchral circles."

We must, however, await another drought before we can be
absolutely sure that these circles at Porton are exceptions.

In the centre we found the interment in a grave about 8ft. long,
4ft. wide, and 4ft. deep. The skeleton was in a crouched position,
lying on its right side, with its head due east. The bones were
much decayed, and the skull had collapsed through the under-side
having perished, but all the teeth were in an exceptionally good
state of preservation, and remarkably fine : indeed, when I compare
these magnificent molars, so perfect after some three thousand years,
with the miserable substitutes with which so many are now-a-day
compelled to be content, and remember the amount of misery and
torture which one has had to endure before even this degree of
proficiency has been attained, the happy lot of this ancient
Wiltshireman is to be envied, at least in this respect !

The remains were evidently those of a fully-developed person
of from 18 to 25 years of age. Nothing was found in the grave
except a small piece of worked flint. This may have been part of
an arrow-head, which possibly caused the death of the individual.

Mr. Doran Webb has the remains of the skull.

Another single brown circle was visible close to the line, the
centre of which would come within the railway company's boundary,
and I fear that the interment is under the tail of the embankment.

On another occasion, when passing in the train, I noticed in the
arable field on the east side of the line two or three slight mounds
just to the north of the Horse Barrow, which were evidently small
barrows that had been ploughed down ; and having obtained
permission from the owner, Mr. Carter, of Parkstone, I undertook
the excavation of these.

2 E 2

412 Pre-historic Interments near Porton, Wilts.

In all, five of these ploughed-down barrows were found — two in
a line just north of the Horse Barrow, and three in a line still
further to the north.

As to the two nearest the Horse Barrow : — No. 1 was the most
pronounced mound of the series, but an extensive trenching failed
to disclose any burial, although we found large layers of ashes, and
a few animal bones, including the brow antler of a red deer, which
had evidently been used as a pick. The area of ashes was much
larger than in any other mound, and 1 can only conclude that the
body must have been entirely cremated. The layers of ashes did
not appear to have been disturbed by earlier explorers.

No. 2 mound disclosed a burial in a chalk grave, exactly coin-
ciding with the first interment opened on the west side of the
railway.

The remains from this barrow, together with others found
afterwards, were taken by my son to Edinburgh University to Sir
William Turner for the Anatomical Museum.

No objects of any sort were found with this interment. I did
not test outside for any flint rings.

As to No. 1 in the outer row : — this turned out to be a simple
hole in the chalk, filled with cremated remains, and covered with
large flints. Small fragments of an urn were found, but it had
been so insufficiently burnt that it had entirely perished.

No. 2 of this row:— the interment was found about 2|ft. under
ground, covered with a large quantity of big flints.

A considerable quantity of burnt bones were found in a heap in
the curve of the body of the skeleton, between the elbows and the
knees, but there was no evidence of an urn.

No. 3 of this series turned out by far the most interesting. We
found a skeleton just under the surface, only a little below the
reach of the ploughshare.

In removing this skeleton we came across the upper rim of an
urn, and in excavating for the rest of this we came upon the burial
of a child exactly under the upper one.

Sir William Turner has both these skeletons : the upper one
lie pronounced to be a young woman, and the under one a

URN FOUND NEAR PORTON, WILTS.

By E. A. Rawlence.

413

female child of 6 or 7 years, as she had not lost her first teeth.

The skulls of both disclosed decided hydrocephalic symptoms,
especially the child's, which was altogether abnormal.

I would suggest that possibly the upper skeleton is that of the
mother, who had a slight hydrocephalic tendency, which developed
more decidedly in her child, who died quite young from this cause.
The mother died shortly after, and was buried in the same grave,
which would account for her proximity to the surface.

A considerable quantity of cremated bones were found in heaps
near both skeletons.

I am satisfied that the urn belonged to the first burial, as its
bottom was at that level. It had been smashed to atoms, probably
by the rollers passing over the land, but after endless labour we
succeeded in glueing all the pieces recovered together, as you see
it, and as shown in the accompanying photograph. Its measure-
ments are as follows : — height, 14 inches ; diameter of mouth, 13J
inches : diameter of base, 5 inches.

It is unfortunate that the whole of the urn has not been re-
covered. I have turned over the ground a second time in the hope
of finding the remainder, but without success.

I may add that we found one very small cylindrical bead with
the child, which I am sorry to say has been mislaid. It was
about half-an-inch long and an eighth-of-an-inch in diameter, of a
whitish colour. Curiously I noticed in your Museum this morning
a small food vessel found with a child's skeleton with one bead,
which, by the way, was also missing. Was there anything mystic
about the one bead ?

All the bodies that we found had been laid in exactly the same
position, with their heads due east, which would seem to indicate
that they were sun worshippers.

The vessel here illustrated differs somewhat in type from the
majority of the cinerary urns found in Wiltshire, moreover it was
found beside an inhumated body. In shape and ornament it
somewhat resembles the " Food Vessels " found so abundantly in
the Yorkshire and Derbyshire barrows, most commonly, though by
no means exclusively, with unburnt bodies, but they are not found

414

Gold Ring found at South Wraxall.

in the Wiltshire barrows. These " Food Vessels," however, do not
exceed 8in. in height, whereas this vessel is of the size of the
cinerary urns. It therefore seems probable from the position of
the urn that a third incinerated burial took place between the
two inhumated bodies.

It now only remains to settle what is to be done with it. I do
not think that it should remain private property, and I have several
applicants for it, but as it was found so near to Salisbury, I
think that the Blackmore Museum has the strongest claim, and I
have much pleasure in placing it under the care of our worthy
friend, Dr. Blackmore.

©oto 3fittng founti at Soutfj HEraxall,

N MARCH, 1904, during the progress of the work of
diverting the road which passed close to the south front
of South Wraxall Manor House, an old mound, apparently a
rubbish heap, some 2ft. 6in. high, was cleared away, and about 6in.
under the old turf level was found a gold lady's ring of a somewhat
uncommon type. The bezel is represented by two oblong panels
sloping from a sharp ridge, and with slightly concave faces on
which are engraved two female figures, which have been identified
by the South Kensington Museum authorities as St. Anne and the
Virgin, the latter appears to be holding a book (?) and is not
crowned. The date of the ring is put by the above authorities at
about 1450. The hoop has diagonal fiutings on either side of the
bezel and on the inside is engraved the posy : —

en ban an.

I am indebted to Mr. A. D. Passmore for drawing my attention
to this very interesting ring, and to its owner, Mr. Eichardson Cox,
of South Wraxall, for kindly allowing me to see and describe it.

E. H. GOPDARD,

415

Milts fMtotg.

Sir Reginald Francis Douce Palgrave, K.C.B.

Died July 13th, 1904, aged 75. Buried in London Koad Cemetery,
Salisbury. Born in London, June 28th, 1829. Fourth son of Sir Francis
Palgrave, and Elizabeth, d. of Mr. Dawson Turner, banker, of Great
Yarmouth. [His father's original name was Cohen, which he changed
to Palgrave, on his conversion from Judaism to Christianity. He was
knighted for his services to literature and history. His eldest son,
Francis Turner Palgrave, was Professor of Poetry at Oxford, his second
son, William Gifford Palgrave, was a celebrated traveller and oriental
scholar.] Sir Eeginald was educated at Charterhouse, and admitted solicitor
at the age of 22. Became Clerk in Committee Office of House of Com-
mons, 1853 ; Examiner of Petitions for Private Bills, 1866 ; Second
Clerk Assistant, 1868 ; Clerk Assistant, 1870 ; and Clerk of the House
of Commons, 1886, a post which he held until 1900, when he retired.
He received the C.B. in 1887 and K.C.B. in 1892. Married, 1857, Grace,
d. of Richard Battley, of Reigate, who survives him. ' On his retirement
in 1900 he came to live at Salisbury. He took much interest in the
Salisbury Museums, was a governor of the Infirmary, and was greatly
esteemed by all who knew him. In religion a sound Churchman ; in
politics he took no part.
He was the author of : —

" The House of Commons : Illustrations of its History and

Practice." 1869.
" The Chairman s Handbook." 1877.
" Oliver Cromivell, the Protector ; an Appreciation.'1''
" Oliver Cromwell, H.H. the Lord Protector and the Boyalist
Insurrection against his Government of March, 1655."
He also edited Sir Erskine May's " Treatise on the Latos, Sfc, of
Parliament," vols. I. and II.

The Times, obit, notice, July 15th, says of him: " Perhaps he was
never so happy as when after long and painstaking research, involving
weeks of labour in the House of Commons Library and the British
Museum, he found himself able finally to determine by chapter and
verse disputes with regard to historical incidents and matters of con-
stitutional usage." " The labour of love which occupied so much of his
later leisure was his revision and bringing up to date of Sir Erskine May's
monumental work on Parliamentary procedure. In preparing for the
press the tenth edition of this volume he spared neither time nor energy ;
and when the book was eventually published he seemed like a man whose
work was finished and done."

Long obituary notices, Salisbury Journal, July 16th ; Salisbury
Diocesan Gazette, August ; shorter notice, Wiltshire Times, July 16th,
1904.

416

Wilts Obituary.

John Leith VeitCh. Died September 4th, 1904, aged 49. Buried
at Plaitford. Began life as a master in a large preparatory school, was
for some years associated in the publication of Social Notes, and became
editor of the Salisbury and Winchester Journal in 1890, a post which
he held until his death. He was the author of many novels, publishing
his first — " King Lazarus " — under the pseudonym of " Leith Derwent"
in 1881. To this succeeded "Our Lady of Tears," " Circe's Lovers,"
" A Daughter of Dives," " A Daughter of the Pyramids " (1890), and in
1904 " Cloud and Storm," an epitome of the reviews of which, published
in a number of papers, is given in Salisbury Journal, August 6th, 1904.
He left another book, "Felix Strange," completed at his death. In
1895 he published an election skit, " Interviews with the Immortals, or
Dickens Up to Date." He also wrote many articles in magazines,
amongst them " The Sayings of Sir Oracle," in Macmillan's Magazine,
October, 1904, and " The Humble Petition of John Smith," in a recent
number of The Reformer.

Long obituary notice and sketch of his life, by C. F. C [azenove] , in
Salisbury Journal, September 10th, 1904. Short notices in Wilts County
Mirror, September 9th, 1904, and other local papers.

Sir Augustus Frederick William Keppel Stephenson,

K.C.B., K.C., of Bodenham House, Salisbury, died September 26th,
1904. Buried at Nunton. Born October 27th, 1827. Called to bar,
1852. Recorder of Bedford, &c, &c. C.B. 1883; K.C.B. 1885; Q.C.
1890. Director of Public Prosecutions and Solicitor to the Treasury.

Obit, notices, Salisbury Journal, October 1st ; Wilts County Mirror,
October 7th, 1904.

OctaviUS Robinson. Died August 26th, 1904. Buried at Downton.
Born March 28th, 1850, in Yorkshire, he purchased Redlynch House
some years ago, and had since resided there. A lawyer, a Conservative,
and a zealous churchman. J. P. for Wilts.

Obit notice, Salisbury Journal, September 3rd, 1904.

Sidney FaWCett. Died May 28th, 1904, aged 42. Buried in the
London Eoad Cemetery, Salisbury. Son of Alderman William Fawcett,
married, 1887, a daughter of J. W. Lovibond, of Lake House. A promi-
nent citizen of Salisbury.

Obit, notices, Wilts County Mirror, June 3rd; Salisbury Journal,
June 4th, 1904.

Edmund Rebbeck, of Lockeridge. Died March 14th, 1904, aged 49.
Buried at Overton. He weighed 31 stone 1 lb., and was supposed to
be the heaviest man in England.

Long obit, notice, Marlborough Times, March, 1904.

James NowlSOn Farham, of the Glebe Farm, Sutton Veney.
Died August 29th, 1904. Buried at Sutton Veney. Born February 6th,

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 417

1884, a native of Sutton Veney. A prominent agriculturist in the
Warminster neighbourhood, and Chairman of the District Council, a
churchman and Conservative.

Obit. Notices, Warminster Journal, September 3rd; Wiltshire Times,
September 3rd, 1904.

MiSS Louisa Mary Thomas, owner of Blunsdon Abbey. Died
August 20th, 1904, aged 41. Buried at St. Fagan's Churchyard, Aberdare.
Born October 18th, 1863, daughter of Samuel Thomas, of Ysguborwen,
S. Wales.

Obit, notice, North Wilts Herald, August 26th, 1904.

Edward Alexander. Died August 18th, 1904, aged 55. Buried
at Bemerton. Born at Redlynch, March 27th, 1849. Commenced
business in Salisbury thirty years ago. Mayor of Salisbury, 1899. J. P.
for the city, 1901. A churchman and Conservative, taking an active
part in local matters.

Obit, notice, Wilts County Mirror, August 26th, 1904.

Frank Heildell. Died August 25th, 1904, aged 51. Buried at
Devizes Cemetery. Alderman of Devizes. A Conservative and church-
man. He was mayor in 1901-2, and took a leading part in municipal
matters in the town.

Obit, notice, Devizes Gazette, August 25th and September 1st ; Wilt-
shire Advertiser, August 25th, 1904.

[N.B. — This list does not claim to be in any way exhaustive. The Editor
appeals to all authors and publishers of pamphlets, books, or views in any
way connected with the county to send him copies of their works, and to
editors of papers and members of the Society generally to send him
copies of articles, views, or portraits, appearing in the newspapers.]

Sylvan Savernake and its Story. By W. Maurice
Adams. Maurice & Co., 28, Schubert Road,
Putney, S.W. ; Lucy, High Street, Marlborough.

N.D. Pp. 71.

418 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

Wolfhall and Tottenham, the Homes of the Sey-
mour and the Bmce, by W. Maurice Adams (&c, as above).
N.D. Pp. 55.

The Battle Of Bedwyn, A.D. 675, by W. Maurice Adams
(&c, as above). N.D. Pp. 15.

The above three articles are bound up together in a pretty red cloth
cover, lettered " Savernake, Wolfhall, Tottenham, and the Battle of
Bedwyn." 7£ X 4f.

The whole seems to be largely compiled from Canon Jackson's papers
in this Magazine, as indeed is stated in the preface. The opening
chapters deal with the former extent of the forest and of the other forests
of Wiltshire, with a simple statement of the nature of forests and of
forest law, &c.

The history of its grant to the Estmmys of Wolfhall as hereditary
bailiffs and wardens of the forest and its passage from them to the
Seymours and the Braces is touched on. The celebrated silver-mounted
ivory tenure horn is described somewhat fully, and illustrated with a
couple of pages of sketches.

The extended boundaries of the forest comprising many places from
Shalbourne to Huish and Oare now far from its limits, in the time of
King John are given, and the Perambulations of the Bailiwicks of East-
wick or La Verne, of Bedwin or Westrigg, and of Hippingscombe, in
1300 are printed at length.

The connection of Henry VIII. with the neighbourhood is touched on,
and the destruction of King Henry's Summer House is noted. A good
account is given of the "Duke's Vaunt" Oak, from the Gentleman's
Magazine in 1802, with sketches of its condition in 1802 and 1893, and
other notable trees are mentioned. The great avenue of beeches is said
to have been planted by Charles, third Earl of Ailesbury, in 1723. The
column and Savernake Lodge, or " The Ruins," have as much said about
them as is necessary.

Wansdyke, the Roman Road over Crofton Hill, and near Tottenham
House, with the villa discovered within 100 yards of the latter, are
touched on.

In the Wolfhall section Canon Jackson is again laid largely under
contribution. The derivation of the name, its owner at the time of
Domesday, Richard de Esturmy, its subsequent descent to Sir John
Seymour, and the marriage of his daughter Jane to Henry VIII., and
the use of the great barn for the festivities on the occasion and on a
subsequent visit of the King after the death of Jane Seymour, fill twenty-
eight pages very pleasantly.

A note follows on the proposed palace and park which the Protector,
Duke of Somerset, proposed to build and lay out at Dodsdown, two or
three miles from Wolfhall, a project prevented by his fall and execution.

Tottenham House, in the time of Henry VIII. known as " Tottenham
Lodge," between 1575 and 1582 was considerably enlarged, and again

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

419

in 1662 — 1672 large additions and alterations were made, the materials
of the old house at Wolfhall being used for the purpose. Alterations
were again made about 1717 — 1722, and the house was remodelled
entirely by the first Marquis of Ailesbury, 1821—1856.

The " Battle of Bedwyn" section is merely a short note relating the
circumstance of the finding of several interments of single skeletons and
one at least containing a great number of bones, by chalk diggers in the
pit close to the Crofton engine house, about thirty years ago. These
skeletons the author maintains are the remains of those who fell in the
battle, A.D. 675.

On the whole it is a useful and pleasantly written little book, which
does not pretend to be anything beyond a compilation, but the three
sections overlap each other, and the same incidents are frequently
repeated over again.

The illustrations are, in the " Savernake " section : — Map of Savernake
and its Neighbourhood — Map of Savernake Forest, A.D. 1280 — The
Esturmy Hunting Horn (2) — St. Katherine's Church, The Column,
Savernake Ruins, The King Oak, The Long Avenue, (all on one sheet) —
The Duke's Vaunt in 1802— The Duke's Vaunt in 1898. " Wolfhall and
Tottenham " section : Plan of proposed Palace and Park of Protector
Somerset— Barn at Wolfhall— Tottenham House, 1792 and 1822 (2).

Hobbes, by Sir Leslie Stephen. " English Men of Letters "

Series. London : Macmillan & Co., 1904. Red cloth. 7£ X 5. Pp. 243.
2*. nett.

This was the last work of its distinguished author : it is needless to
say that, like many others of the series, it is excellent. The first sixty-
nine pages contain a biography of Hobbes, for the facts of which the
author is considerably indebted to Aubrey's Brief Live*. The remaining
three chapters deal with his philosophy under the headings of " The
World," " Man," and " The State."

The Marlborough College Natural History Society
Report for the year ending Christmas, 1903,

NO. 52, has less to record for the year than has been usually the
case. The rainfall — the maximum recorded for the neighbourhood —
seems to have damped the ardour of the members. Little seems to have
been done in the botanical section, and only one new species was added
to the list of Lepidoptera. The lists of Diptera and Neuroptera were,
however, considerably increased. A Pied Flycatcher was seen at
Marlborough, and Hawfinches are said to have been more common at
Ramsbury, as they have also been in some other parts of the county
during the last few years ; one or more broods have been reared there
each year. Again, a Bittern is recorded to have been killed at Chilton.

The Rev. H. B. Eddrup sends a long list of Lepidoptera not previously
recorded for the Bremhill neighbourhood.

There are nice photographic views of " Old Mill,Ramsbury " ; " Cottage,
Woodborough" ; and "Floods above Preshute, June, 1903."

420 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

There are the usual valuable series of meteorological observations, the
rainfall having been 44*30 inches ; the previous highest record having
been 43*79 inches in 1882, 41-99 inches in 1872, and 41-91 inches in 1876.

The Dialect of Pewsey (Wiltshire), with a G-lossarial
Index of the Words treated. By John Kjederquist.

Ph.D., Docent in the University of Lund. London: published by the
Philological Society, 1903. 8vo, pp. 144. Paper covers.

It has been reserved for a Swedish professor to do for the Wiltshire
dialect what no Wiltshireman was capable of doing, setting down in
exact terms, through the medium of Mr. Ellis's " Glossic " characters
and signs, a really scientific account of the phonology of our native
speech. Dr. Kjederquist was led to select Pewsey as the place of his
dialect investigations because he thought Wiltshire was the most im-
portant of the English dialects for which Ellis's word-lists needed sup-
plementing to facilitate historical researches, and because from infor-
mation he had received he hoped to find a fairly distinct idiom in this
place. He accordingly settled down at Pewsey. The first sixty pages
of the present work were published in 1902 {see Wilts Arch. Mag.,
xxxiii., 72), under the same title, and have now been supplemented by
the remainder of the work, including chapters on " The French Element,"
" The Vowels of words and syllables which have not the principal accent,"
" The Consonants " (their source), and the Glossary and Index combined
of all the words treated of in the body of the work. The work now
completed is the result of two residences at Pewsey of some weeks
duration each, during which the author took down the words from the
lips of dialect speakers in "glossic." The result is an authoritative
treatise on the pronunciation and articulation of the dialect such as
is to be found nowhere else. The work may be obtained of Mr.
Woodward, bookseller, Devizes, or of Messrs. Brown, Salisbury.

Reviewed, Devizes Gazette, September 8th, 1904.

Wiltshire Notes and Queries, No. 45, March, 1904,

The Editor's paper on Isaac Walton and his connection with Wiltshire
is continued, with a photo of Poulshot Green and another of "Walton's
House in Salisbury Close." The wills of Isaac Walton, Sen., Isaac
Walton, Jun., and William Hawkins are printed in full. Erchfont
Records, a Calendar of Feet of Fines for Wiltshire, and Quaker Birth
Records are continued. A note on the Corr family, of Aldbourne, bell-
founders, follows. Another, on De Chyrebury, of Seend, suggests that
Wyganus de Chyrebury, who died in 1283, lord of the new manor of
Seend, was possibly the ancester of the Yerburys of Trowbridge and the
neighbourhood.

Canon Wordsworth crosses swords with "A.S.M." as to the latter's
protest against the use of the name " Sarum " as a modern vulgarity.
He brings forward chapter and verse to prove that at all events from
1463 down to the present time it has been continuously in use, indeed

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

421

Bishop Hallam's tomb at Constance shows that it was in ordinary use
in 1416, and on the seals of the Bishops of Salisbury it occurs as early
as 1330. A.S.M.'s note on John Noyes, of Calne, gives further letters,
one of them dealing with the precautions to be observed during the
prevalence of the plague at Calne. A note on the Wrottesley family in
Wiltshire, in a review of a paper in the Genealogist, and another on the
Dukes of Somerset iu the Complete Peerage end the number.

DittO, NO. 26, June, 1904. Mr. Edward Kite concludes his
paper on Place House, Melksham, and its owners, giving the will of
Jacob Selfe, of Melksham, proved 1735, in full. Of other matters that
have been running in previous numbers Erchfont Kecords, Quaker
Birth Records, and Feet of Fines for Wiltshire, and John Noyes, of
Calne, are continued. Canon Wordsworth describes and illustrates
" wigcurlers " found at Marlborough. The abstract of the will of Thomas
Jacob, of Wootton Bassett, 1644, is accompanied by a pedigree of Jacob,
of the Rocks, near Bath, of Norton near Malmesbury, and of Tockenham,
compiled by the late Canon Jackson; the beginning of a list of
funeral armour still remaining or known to have existed in Wiltshire
Churches, by Mr. Kite, is the most important of the remaining notes.
An illustration of the Brass of Anne Still in Hadleigh Church, Suffolk,
is given.

Nelson Relics and Relic Hunters. By Horatio, Third

Earl Nelson. Article in Windsor Magazine, October, 1904, pp. 513 —
521. Lord Nelson begins by demolishing the claims of the plaster
death mask of Nelson, exhibited at the Royal Naval exhibition at Chelsea
in 1891, to authenticity, and then passes on to describe certain relics
now at Trafalgar. He explains that by inheritance he came into pos-
sesion of very few articles connected with the great admiral, as the
family heirlooms were, contrary to expectation, left by William, Earl
Nelson, to his daughter, Lady Bridport, and were eventually sold by
auction by her son, when many of them were bought for ,£3000 by Mr.
T. A. Mullens, and presented to the nation. Lord Nelson describes in
some detail the various articles now in his possession, and gives the
history and pedigree of each one of them, and the means by which he
became possessed of them. There are ten good process illustrations : —
" Silver-mounted dirk given by Cardinal York to Captain Nelson, H.M.S.
Agammemon." — Merton Abbey: Sir William Hamilton fishing in the
canal, and Lady Hamilton with Charlotte Nelson (afterwards Lady
Bridport) and the second Lord Nelson." — "Portrait Sketch of Lady
Hamilton, by Romney." — Nelson explaining his plan of attack for the
Battle of Trafalgar." — " The Hall at Trafalgar House." — " The authentic
account of Nelson's Death, by Sir William Beatty "(title-page of book).
— "The Copenhagen Seal, Hamilton Locket, and Nile Medal."—" Cup
presented by English Merchants trading in the Levant," &c. — " A Corner
in the Nelson Room, with Nelson's Armchair, Couch, Telescope, Cane,
Tray, and Presentation Cup." — " Overmantel showing the Signal
'England expects every man to do his duty,' and Miniature of Nelson
used in his honour at Fonthill."

422 Recent Wiltshire Boohs, Pamphlets, and Articles.

Salisbury, South Wilts, and Blackmore Museums.

The annual report, showing an income of i;'106 18*. 3c/., and an ex-
penditure of ^134 4s. Id., was read at the annual meeting, July 22nd,
and is printed in Salisbury Journal, Jul}7 23rd; Wilts County Mirror,
July 29th, 1804.

Tollard Royal Church, and King John's House,
Rushmore South Lodge Camp, Larmer Grounds,
Parnham Museum, and Winklebury Camp were

visited by the Somersetshire Archaeological Society during their meeting
at Gillingham. Wilts County Mirror, July 29th, 1904.

Chilton Foliat Pont. In the account of the new Church at
Southwick, and of its dedication, in the Wiltshire Times, June 18th,
1904, it is noted that the ancient font of Chilton Foliat, which was some
years ago replaced by a new one there, has been placed in the Church
at Southwick, in which there has also been provided a sunk font for
baptism by immersion.

Great Dumford Church. Accounts of the work of restoration,
under Mr. C. E. Ponting, and of the re-opening service, on August 4th,
in Salisbury Journal, August 6th; Wilts County Mirror, August 5th,
1904.

Wiltshire Charity Enquiries, at Wishford, Wylye, steeple

Langford, Amesbury, Orcheston St. George, Shrewton, Maddington,
Rollestone, Winterborne Stoke, and Stapleford. Wilts County Mirror,
July 15th; Salisbury Journal, July 16th, 1904.

Old Wiltshire Crimes. Under this heading the Wiltshire
Advertiser, September 1st, 1904, tells the story of the trial, in 1819, of
John Webb, of Wilton, for forgery, and of the murder of Stephen
Rodway, coal merchant, at Moor Stones, near Purton Stoke, by Robert
Turner Watkins, and of the trial and execution of the latter on the site
of the murder. The issue of August 25th re-tells once more the story
of the Road murder. Other crimes are noted in the issue of July 7th.

" History of the Borough and Town of Calne," by

A. E. W. Marsh. Long and appreciative reviews in Marlborough Times,
June 18th; Wiltshire Advertiser, June 2nd; and The County Gentleman,
August 27th, 1904.

Devizes Nonconformity is the subject of a series of articles in

the Wiltshire Advertiser. Introduction, May 19th; Reformation
changes, May 26th ; the " Old Baptists," June 2nd ; the Presbyterians,
Joseph Alleine, June 9th; the New Baptist Cause, June 16th, 1904.

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 42 3

Isaac Walton and his connection with Wilts.

Reprinted, with considerable additions, from Wiltshire Notes and
Queries, by Arthur Schomberg. Devizes Gazette Printing Works.
MDCCCCIV. 4to, paper covers, pp. 15, with good half-tone illustrations
of " Walton's House in Salisbury Close " and " Poulshot Green."

Flowers of the Warminster District. The paper read

by Mr. J. Lucas on July 13th, 1904, at the Warminster Meeting of the
Wilts Archaeological Society is printed in full in the Warminster Journal,
September 3rd, 1904. The chief portion of the paper is taken up with a
disquisition on the fertilisation of orchids and other flowers.

Notes on Mere Church for the Wiltshire Archae-
ological Society and the Somersetshire Archae-
ological Society at their visits July 14th and

21st, 1904, by John A. Lloyd, M.A., F.S.A., Vicar. Pamphlet
oblong 8 X 4|, pp. 24, printed only on one side.

This little pamphlet gives in its 24 pages a really extraordinary amount
of information as to the Church and its history — a vast number of dates
and matters concerning the Church being noted as shortly as possible
from the very valuable old churchwardens' books.

The Church of S. Michael the Archangel, Mere,
Wilts, some of the Points of Interest which a

Visitor ShOUld Observe. John A. Lloyd, M.A., F.S.A.,
Vicar. Price Sixpence. The proceeds to be given to the Church Repair
Fund. H. H. Edmunds, Printer, Mere. 1904. Pamphlet, 8x5, pp. 8.
Photo-process S.W. view of Church. The points of interest shortly
noticed. A list of Views of Mere, and Glossary of Architectural terms
on the cover.

Old Marlborough Landmarks, a series of papers has ap-
peared in The Marlborough Times during 1904, from the pen of Canon
Wordsworth, Rector of St. Peter's, dealing with old times in Marlborough.
No. I. February 20th. (?) The Pillory, the Stocks, and the Residences

of Worthies of the 18th and early 19th centuries in the town.
Nos. II. and III. February 27th and March 12th. A List of the Inns

in Marlborough at different periods.
No. IV. March 26th. Some account of the Schools, with gossip about

various Characters and Worthies of the Old Time.
No. V. April 16th. Further Notes on the Inns and their sites.
No. VI. April 23rd. Notes on the Names of the Streets and Inns in

1844, and Notes on George Maton, coach painter, who also painted

local views, &c.

Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

No. VII. April 30th. Full description of Paintings of Old Marlborough

by George Maton.

No. VIII. May 7th. A List of Water Colour Views and Drawings, of
Marlborough, in the Wilts Archaeological Society's Collection, in the
Adderley Library, and in possession of Mr. R. W. Merrinian, with a
List of Portraits in the Adderley Library,

No. IX. May 14th. Account of " Jacky John's Fair," formerly held
at Marlborough on the evening of May 14th, after Rainsbury Fair on
that day.

No. X. May 21st. A List of Marlborough Tokens, with notes on To-
bacco Pipes and Wig-curlers, &c, found there.

No. XI. May 28th. Notes identifying Houses and Sites mentioned in
the 18th century, and gossip on divers subjects.

No. XII. June 11th. On the Foundation of the Hermitage, and of the
Chantries in St. Peter's Church.

No. XIII. June 18th. An Account of the Great Fire of April 28th,
1653, and an identification of the Streets and Houses shown on
Stukeley's plan of 1723.

No. XIV. July 2nd. A List of Ancient Bequests Registered by the
Corporation, and of Chantry Certificates.

No. XV. July 9th. A List of Engraved and Lithographed Views of
Marlborough, chiefly from the Collections of Messrs. H. Richardson,
J. F. L. Hardy, and the Wilts Archaeological Society.

No. XVI. July 16th. Notes on Marlborough, extracted from old Road
Books, Maps, &c.

No. XVII. July 30th. Notes on Dr. Maurice's Collection of Broadsides,
&c, connected with the Elections of 1818, 1819, 1820, a list of them
being given.

No. XVIII. August 13th. A Selection of these Election Squibs are
printed.

No. XIX. August 20th. A Programme of the Burderop Races, Sept.

9th and 10th, 1819.
No. XX. August 27th. Recollections of Old Church Customs in

Berkshire and at St. Peter's, Marlborough, in the days of Sir Erasmus

Williams, the Rector.
No. XXL September 3rd. Early Recollections of Rev. R. H. Whitworth

of the Clergy of Marlborough, the College, &c, &c.
No. XXII. September 10th. A Note on the use of Sedan Chairs at

Marlborough, &c.

No. XXIII. September. On a Black Letter Tablet of the Command-
ments, Royal Arms, &c, found at Alton Barnes Church, used to
enclose the bells.

No. XXIV. October 1st. Notes on the Registers and of Memoranda
to be found in the Register Books, &c.

B. The numbers given above do not correspond with those printed in
the paper, as by an error one number was there omitted.]

Wilts Illustrations .

425

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Avebury, The Cove ; Compton Basset Church, The
"Half-Hour-Glass"; Lacock Abbey, the Cloisters,

are illustrated in an appreciative review of " A History of the Borough
of Calne," by A. E. W. Marsh, in The County Gentleman, August 27th,
1904, pp. 2349, 50.

LaCOCk Abbey. Prize photo, wrongly entitled "The Lady Chapel."
Hearth and Home, September 22nd, 1904.

Seend Manor, " The Palace of Truth." Photo group of

performers in pastoral Play. The Lady's Field, September 3rd, 1904.

StOnehenge. " Unraveling a Primeval Mystery : Eecent Excavations
at Stonehenge, new facts regarding the Monoliths on Salisbury Plain.
Drawings by A. Hugh Fisher from designs prepared for the Society of
Antiquaries."

A page made up of reproductions of a plan and four diagrams and
figures of the large mauls and of the worked surface of the leaning stone
which appeared in Archceologia and Wilts Arch. Mag., with a " General
View before the Recent Excavations," and a few lines of explanatory
letterpress. Illustrated London News, August 6th, 1904, p. 200.

Bradford -Oil- Avon. Small process view of " The Bridge with Chapel,
once used as a Lock-up" — " The Famous old Tithe Barn" — "The Oldest
Unaltered Church in the Kingdom, the Saxon Church, visited by the
British Archaeological Association " are given in a page of the Illustrated
London News, August 13th, 1904, p. 217, devoted to illustrations of
places visited by the British Archaeological Association during their
Bath Meeting, in August, 1904.

Castle Combe CrOSS, near Bath. Smallview. Illustrated London
News, August 13th, 1904, p. 217.

Wiltshire Boundaries. "Where three counties meet, Boundary
Stones of Somersetshire, Wiltshire, and Gloucestershire." Small process
view, Illustrated London News, August 13th, 1904, p. 217.

Calne Free Library, Cut of elevation. Wiltshire Times, July
23rd, 1904.

Devizes, S. Mary's Church, the Statue of the Virgin,

is illustrated from a photo in Wiltshire Advertiser, July 21st, 1904,
with notes thereon by the Editor,
VOL. XXXIII. — NO Oil, 2 F

426

Books by Wiltshire Authors.

Devizes, ' Arms of the Guilds." a cut in Wiltshire

Advertiser, June 23rd, 1904.

WOOttOll SaSSett. In The Connoisseur, September, 1904, p. 11, an

admirable full-page illustration from a photograph is given of a beautiful
piece of steel open work, which is thus described : — " The Protector's
danger is perhaps more vividly presented by a relic in the possession of
Mr. Charles Berners, of Woolverstone Park, Ipswich, a gentleman who
is descended from Mrs. Claypole, Cromwell's daughter. This is a
portable steel lock and hasp of fine and elaborate workmanship, which
Cromwell during the later years of his life carried with him and placed
upon his bedroom door wherever he slept. There are two keys pre-
served with the lock, one of which was entrusted to his body servant,
the other for his own use. The lock, as appears from the photograph,
bears the inscription, ' Richard Hewse of Wootton Bassett in Com. Wilts,
fecit.' It is beautiful both in design and execution, and, apart from its
history, is a very interesting specimen of the excellent metal- work of
the period."

Salisbury. " Constable's Sketches in Oil and Water Colours." London :

George Newnes. [1904.] 3s. 6d. net, with two coloured and sixty-four

monochrome illustrations. Contains the following Wiltshire subjects : —

No. 3. View in the Close, Salisbury'! ^ ... . . . a ,

CT ,. , , , From the oil sketches in South

,, 12. Salisbury Cathedral. Y T,

a a niA a wu Kensington Museum.

,, 46. Old Saruin, Wilts. J °

,,55. Stonehenge, Wilts. \ From water colours

,, 56. Old Houses at Harnham Bridge, Salisbury) in S. K. Museum.

§oob ig Milts jme ^ut|ors.

Canon Christopher Wordsworth. " The Old Service Books

of the English Church, by Christopher Wordsworth, M.A., and Henry
Littlehales. Methuen & Co., 36, Essex Street, W.C. London." 1604.
9 X 5|, pp. xv., 319. Printed by Will. Brendon & Sons, Plymouth.
Ked cloth, 7*. Qd. net.

This is one of the new series of " The Antiquary's Books" projected

Books by Wiltshire Authors.

427

by Messrs. Methuen. The work has been portioned out between the
joint authors, who have severally signed the chapters for which they are
responsible with the initials L. or W. The preface tells us that " In the
following pages an attempt has been made to place before the reader a
clear description of the plan, range, and contents of all the books which
were used for divine worship in the English Church before the Reforma-
tion. The accounts of the various books have been written for the most
part directly from the old service books themselves." " One whole page
of every important and common service-book is given in facsimile, each
page having been, carefully selected to show the arrangement of the text
of the particular volume represented. A certain number of miniatures
have also been reproduced ; some of these, in colours, depict services
taking place — baptisms, weddings, &c."

There are thirty-seven most admirable photographic reproductions of
pages of service books and illuminations, and the whole book contains a
vast mass of learning and information on the subject of which it treats.

Reviewed, Salisbury Journal, October 1st; Standard, Oct. 28th;
Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, November, 1904.

T. J. L[awreilCe], Rector of Upton Lovell. Article in Illustrated
London News, June 18th, 1904, p. 916, on " The Coaling of War Ships at
Neutral Ports." Article in Illust. Lond. News, July 2nd, 1904, entitled
" John Bull and International Law."

Rt. Rev. H. W. Yeatman, Bishop of Southwark.

" Lay Work and the Office of Reader " in " Handbooks for the Clergy "
Series.

Reviewed, Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, May, 1904.

Frances Awdry. Daylight for Japan. Bemrose. 1904. 3*. 6d.

A sketch of mission work in Japan. Reviewed approvingly, Guardian,
September 14th, 1904.

Archdeacon T. B. BUChanan. Charge delivered at Devizes
and Marlborough, July, 1904. Printed in full in Devizes Gazette, July
21st, 1904.

John Wordsworth, D.D., Bishop of Salisbury, a

sermon preached in the Cathedral, Sunday, October 16th, 1904, reviewing
the history of the Diocese of Salisbury for the last seventy years, and
especially the work of Bishop Denison, is printed in full in Wilts County
Mirror, October 21st, and Salisbury Journal, October 22nd, 1904.

" The Sacrifice of the Body," a sermon preached in Salisbury

Cathedral, on Easter Day, and partly addressed to the newly-confirmed.
Brown & Co., Salisbury. 1904. Pamphlet, 6£ X 4£, pp. 1L

2 F 2

428

Wilts Portraits.

Alllia BllllStOll, of Allington, near Salisbury. "Leaves from a
Woman's Manuscript, by Anna Bunston. The Priory Press, South
Park, Keigate. MDCCCCIV." Pamphlet, paper covers, 7f X 5£, pp. 58,
price Is. 9d. Contains fifty-nine short poems.

Henry Blake, of Trowbridge. "Notes of a Cruise to the Northern
Capitals of Europe." Wiltshire Times, September 10th, 17th, and 24th,
1904.

WILTS PORTRAITS.

LORD EDMOND FITZMAURICE. Punch, June 15th, 1904, p. 428.

EARL OF PEMBROKE. Wilts County Mirror, November 20th, 1903.

CAPTAIN J. A. MORRISON, M.P. for South Wilts. Wilts County Mirror.
November 20th, 1903.

EARL NELSON. Wilts County Mirror, November 20th, 1903.

MAJOR HODDING, Town Clerk of Salisbury. Wilts County Mirror,
April 22nd, 1904.

WALTER PALMER, M.P. for Salisbury. Wilts County Mirror, November
20th, 1903.

EARL OF RADNOR. Wilts County Mirror, November 20th, 1903.

SIR WALTER PALMER, BART., M.P., Illust. Lond. News, July 21st,
1904.

MISS GLADYS PALMER (Mrs. Bertram Brooks), d. of Sir Walter Palmer.
Hearth and Home, July 7th; Supplement to Wilts County Mirror,
July 1st, 1904.

DR. H. P. BLACKMORE, Hon. Director of Salisbury Museum, a portrait
painted by Edmund Noek, a replica of one belonging to Dr. Blackmore,
has been presented to the Museum by members of the committee, &c,
as some recognition of Dr. Blackmore's labours. Salisbury Journal,
July 23rd ; Wilts County Mirror, July 29th, 1904.

SIR REGINALD PALGRAVE. Illustrated London Neics, July 23rd, 1904.

Personal Notices.

429

WILLIAM HOEACE MANN, of Highfield, Hilperton, and Miss E. C.
BEENABD (Mrs. W. H. Mann). Hearth and Home, August 18th, 1904.

DUCHESS OF SOMEESET. Lady's Realm, June, 1904.

ET. EEV. JOHN WOBDSWOETH, Bishop of Salisbury. Portrait, from
photograph, published by W. H. Beynon & Co., Cheltenham. 1904.
India proofs, 10s. 6d. ; artist's proofs, 25s.

SIE VINCENT CAILLAED. The King, Oct. 1st, 1904.

SIE AUGUSTUS F. W. KEPPEL STEPHENSON. Illustrated London
News, October 8th, 1904.

SIE JOHN DICKSON POYNDEE. Photo, Wiltshire Advertiser, Aug.
25th, 1904.

ET. HON. W. H. LONG and his son, CAPT. WALTEE LONG, Scots
Greys. Good photos, with a cut of Eood Ashton, and a photo of the
silver statuette presented by the tenants of the Eood Ashton estate to
Capt. Long on his coming of age, accompany an account of the dinner
and presentation at Eood Ashton on October 15th, in the Wiltshire
Chronicle, October 22nd, 1904.

Portraits of LAWEENCE WASHINGTON, of Garsden, Judge of the Court
of Common Pleas; SIE WILLIAM JONES, 1631—82, Solicitor
General and Attorney General, of Eamsbury, by S. Dubois, 1682; his
wife, ELIZABETH, by the same artist; and ANN HYDE, d. of the
Earl of Clarendon, and first wife of James II., by Sir Peter Lely, were
sold amongst the Townshend heirlooms at Christie's in March, 1904.
Wilts Notes and Queries, June, 1904, p. 460.

PERSONAL NOTICES.

MISS EMILIE SEAECHFIELD, born at Knook and now living at
Salisbury, a writer of numerous novelettes and stories in papers and
magazines. Her first appearance in print was in the pages of a
Warminster magazine. She has published, amongst others, " Christmas
Echoes" and "Cloister Laach." Warminster Journal, August 13th,
1904.

EEV. J. F. WELSH, Principal of St. Boniface Missionary College, War-
minster, and Bishop designate of Trinidad. A long and very appreciative
notice of Mr. Welsh's work at Warminster appeared in The Warminster
and Westbury Journal, July 30th, 1904.

430

Additions to Museum and. Library.

GEOKGE KEEL, born at Manton, December 16th, 1800. Under the title
of " A Manton Centenarian" the Marlborough Times of June 25th,
1904, reprints from the Folkestone Herald a long notice of this hale
and hearty old man of 103, still able to work vigorously in his garden at
Folkestone. The article is also reprinted in Wiltshire Times July 2nd,
1904.

ALEC TAYLOE AND THE MANTON TRAINING STABLES. A long
article by " Ashplant," in The Sportsman, is reprinted in The Marl-
borough Times, March 5th, 1904.

Bilious to Iftttsenm anb Jikarg.

Museum.

Presented by Rev. C. V. Goddard : Fragments of Norman and other
Pottery, and portions of a number of Rubber Stones from
a field west of Keevil where Roman Coins, &c, have been

found. Also Horseshoe from gravel-pit at Holt.

,, ,, Mrs. A. C. Smith: A skull.

,, ,, Rev. H. G. O. Kendall: Fine specimen of Flint, showing
the Knowle polish.

Library.

Presented by Mr. G. E. Dartnell : Wilts Pamphlet.

„ Mrs. Toppin : Five Wilts Pamphlets. Kelly's Post Office

Directory of Wiltshire, 1867.
,, Mr. E. Todd : " Nature near London," by Richard Jefferies.
„ Mr. C. C. Bradford: Old Deed.

,, The Author (Rev. J. A. Lloyd) : " Notes on Mere Church, for

the Wiltshire ArchEeological Society," &c. "The Church

of St. Michael the Archangel, Mere, Wilts, some of the
Points of Interest which a Visitor should observe."

Additions to Museum and Library. 431

Presented by The Author (Canon Christopher Wordsworth) : " The Old
Service Books of the English Church, by Christopher
Wordsworth and Henry Littlehales." 1904.
,, ,, The Author (Dr. J. Kjederquist) : " The Dialect of Pewsey,
Wiltshire. 1903.

,, ,, The Publishers (Messrs. Macmillan) : " Hobbes," by Sir

Leslie Stephen. 1904.
,, ,, Eev. Mills Eobbins : Photo of Wiltshiremen in London.
,, ,, Rev. C. V. Goddard : Wilts Pamphlets and Scraps.
,, ,, The Author (Mr. A. Schomberg) : " Isaac Walton and his

Connection with Wilts." Other Wiltshire Articles.

Errata.

p. 80, 1. 26, for F. Carpenter read H. W. Carpenter.

p. 91, 1. 6, for J. U. Powell read T. H. Powell.

p. 178, 1. 40, for Doulton read Doulting.

p. 195. 1. 5, for J. H. Powell read T. H. Powell.

p. 260, Is. 12 and 20, for Burgess read Burges.

p. 279, 1. 19, for Davidson read Denison.

p. 309, 1. 2, for Henry I. read Henry II.

p. 321, 1. 34, for Kelloways read Kellaways.

p. 328, 1. 14,,/br Stephenson read Stevenson.

p. 331, 1. 2, for Deane read Dean.

p. 340, 1. 5, for Luddell read Duddell.

p. 355, 1. 4, for R. U. Powell read J. U. Powell.

432

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

a Bregges. See Brydges.
" A.S.M.," arts, noticed, 330, 331,
420, 421,

Abercromby, Hon. J., art. noticed,
337.

Abingdon, etymology, 114.
Abydos, 32.

A'Oourt, Eliz., Lady Heytesbury,
186. Isabella S., 171.

Leo. H., 4th Baron Heytesbury,
171. Margaret A., Lady

Heytesbury, 171. Margaret
E. H. (Hon.), 171. Pierce,
185. Will., 1st Baron Heytes-
bury, 185. Will. F. H., 3rd
Baron Heytesbury, obit, notice,
171, 186, 346. Will. H.Ashe
Holmes, 2nd Baron Heytesbury,
171,186. Will. L.H. (Hon.),
171. Will. P. Ashe, 1st Bart.,
185.

Acres, de. See Dacres.

Adams, ( ), 289. W. Mau-

rice, " Savernake, Wolfhall, &c,"
noticed, 417—419.

Addams, alias Smith, Will., 271.

Addison (Dean), 276. Joseph,
276 ; works, 338.

Adelelm, Archdeacon of Dorset, 120.

Adrian, 118. [359.

Advowsons given to monasteries,

Adye, C. S., writings by, 74, 75.

Aecglea. See Iglea.

Agneys, Will., 397.

Ague, former prevalence of, 130.

Ailesbury, Charles, 3rd Earl of, 418.
1st Marq. of, 419.

Ainger, Alf., " Crabbe " noticed, 179.

Akerman, Margery, 395.

Aldbourne, 82, 83, 420. Cross,
74. Offenders agst. Statute

of Labourers, 391—392.
Eectory, 273. Persons see

Conyng, J. ; Corr fam. ; Wal-
dorne, Mr. ; Wild, W.

Alderbury, geology, 77.

Alderton, geology, 182.
Aldhelm, St., Bp. of Sherborne, 355 ;
bur. at Malmesbury, 118 ; Chapel
on St. Alban's Head, 178 ; con-
nection with Bishopstrow, 116 ;
funeral, route of, 117, 118, 178;
"Life and Times," by Bp. of
Bristol, noticed, 177 — 179.
i Ale-feasts, 126.

Merman, Alice, 409.
Alexander, Edw., obit, notice, 417.
Alfraid, Will., 391.
Alfred (King), 113; " Asser's Life
of,"W.H. Stevenson, noticed, 328
— 330; connection with Wilts,
355 ; strengthens Old Sarum, 324.
Allcannings, 181. Charities, 187.
Allen, John, 275.
Allewele, Agnes, 395.
Allington, 399, 428. Persons

see Bunston, Anna.
Alton Barnes, Eectory, 63, 273.

Persons see Sladen, Rev. C.
Alton Priors, offenders agst. Statute

of Labourers, 399.
Alvediston, geology, 77.
Ambresbury, Michael de, 125.
America, S., flint spades, 144.
Amesbury, 106, 276. Blind-
house, 75. Charities, 422.

Hawking Club, 82.
Priory, 182; Church, 73; pro-
perty, 272, 273. Persons
see Head, R. ; Hertford, Earl of.

West, 271. Persons see

Trotman fam.
Amfrai. See Humphrey.
Ammonites Sutherlandi (GeoL), 91.
Andreu, Rich., 388.
Andrews, F. B., writings, 185.
Anton Valley, 322. [312.
Antoniadi, Dorotheos and Vera H..
Antrobus, Edm., 4th Bart., 1, 2, 76,
105—107, 189. Lady, 105 ;

don., 196.
Apiocrinus Parkinsonii (Geol.), 91.

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

433

Apium inundatum (Bot.), 181.

Archdeacons of Wilts. See Bu-
chanan, T. B. ; Chadeleshunte,
Will. de.

Archer, David, 173. H. G., 82.

Hannah, obit, notice, 178.
Architecture, Eng., Influence of

Eastern Church on, 118, 355.
Argentiis, Roger de, 306.
Armour in Churches, 421.
Arms, coats of, etc., at Place Ho.,

Melksham, 182 ; Westwood Ch.,

ib.

Arragon, Katherine of, 334.

Beauchamp, 333. Beau-
fort, 332. Bigod, Roger le, 81.

Calne, Borough of, 321.
Clare, 333 ; Gilbert de, 81.
Cornwall, Rich., Earl of, ib.
Despencer, 333. Devizes
Guilds, 342, 426. Eleanor of
Provence, 81. Henry III., ib.;
VII. and VIII., 334. Louis
St., 81. Montagu, 332, 333.

Monthermer, ib. Ne-
vill, Rich., Earl of Salisbury, ib,
Newburgh, 333. Selfe,
74. Warwick, Earl of, 332.

Army Manoeuvres, arts., 187, 194.

Arnold-Forster,Mrs. H. 0., port. ,89.

Arragon, Kath. of, badge, 334.

Arundell, Lord, 290, 291. Mr.,
ib., 295.

Ashcombe, deer hunting, 291.
Persons see Arundell, Mr.
Wyndham, Mr.

Ashe, Edward, 185.

Asheton, Rich. See Vaughan, Rich.

Ashley, 400. Persons see Fraun-
ceys, Christina.

Wood, Rom. Rd., 327.

Ashton, 112.

Keynes, crosses, 74.

Asser, Bp. of Sherborne, 328.
Assizes, Illegal, 273.
Aston, 293, 294.

Athelstan, Bp. of Ramsbury, 79.

(King) gift to Malmesbury,

179.

Atte Chambres. See Chambers.

Hull. See Atthill.

Masche. See Marsh.

Slo. See Slow.

Welle, John, 397.

Wodeland, Walter, 390.

Attebare, John, 394.

Atthill [Atte Hull], Lucy, 408.

VOL. XXXIII. — NO. CII.

Atworth, Rom. coins, 169, 170.
Augustine, St., 116; met Britons,
177.

Avebury Church, Saxon windows,
102, 321 ; (figd.), 317. Circles,
317 ; deer's horn picks, excava-
tions, Rev.E. H.Goddard on, 103.

Illusts., 187, 321, 425.
Manor Ho. visited, 102.
Pigeon-house, Ib. Persons
see Jenner (Capt.).
Lady, port., 340. Lord,

84, 102, 350.
Avene, Will., 401.
Avenel, Will., 305, 310.
Averil, Alice and Thos., 407.
Avon Valley, Rom. Rd., 324.
Awdry, C, don., 92. Ed. C.

(Rev.), obit, notices, 67, 95.
Frances, writings, 87, 427.

Axford, 274. Persons see

Whittiatt, Mary.

Axminster, co. Dev., Chert imple-
ments, 141.

Ayleworthe, John, 204.

Aysschman, Walt., 401.

Azo, Archdeacon of Sarum, 120.

Babbe, Roger, 392.

Baber [Babor], Matilda, 389.

Bacon, Gertrude, art., noticed, 187.

John, 399. [326.

Badbury,near Chiseldon, Rom. Rd.,

Rings (S. Wilts), 379.

co. Dors., 112; Rom. Rd. ,825.

Baddeley, St. Clair, 334. [Dors.

Badonicus, Mons. See Badbury,

Bageworth, Alice, 388.

Bagshot, 181.

Bailey, Charles, 290.

Baker, Joan le, 389. John, 387.

Matilda, 393. Rob. ,398.
Stanley (Rev.), writings,

85. T. H., 357 ; copies in-
scriptions, 96, 347.

Bakewyt, Elys, 400.

Balbe, Thos., 388.

Baldry, Agnes, 389. Thos., 388.

Ballard, Rob., 401.

Ballede, John, 388.

Banks, Benj., violin maker, 340.

Banner Down, Rom. Rd., 322.

Bapton, 112.

Barbour, Joan, 400.

Barbury Castle, Rom. Rd., 326.

Barford St. Martin, cross, 74.

Illusts., 194.
Barnebes, Sim., 399.

2 G

434

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

Barneville (Normandy), 306—308.

Barnwell, Rev. C. E. B., reads
paper, 355.

Baroun, Edin. and John, 402.

Barrington, Shute, Bp. of Salisbury,
port., 177.

Barrows. See Bishopstrow ; Cher-
hill ; Erlestoke ; Gomeldon ; Gun's
Church ; Imber ; Knoll, Long ;
NorfconBavant; Pertwood, Lower ;
Porton ; Sherrington ; Stone-
henge ; Sutton Veney ; Winter-
bourne Gunner.

Bartelet, Will., 402.

Bats. See Rhinolophus.

Baterych, Juliana, 406.

Bath, 112. Pre-Norman Stones,
178, 179. Rom. Rds., 102,

236, 322, 326 ; Rom. Villas near,
239.

— Henry F., 3rd Marq., 313.

4th Marq., 174, 351 ; Presi-
dent, 1877, 350. 5th Marq.,
349, 354; Address, 350—353;
President, 1904, 345.

Battle, Rich, of, 363.

Battlesbury, 112.

Battley, Grace and Rich., 415.

Battyn, Steph., 396.

Baverstock, 379. Registers,
182. Persons see Leech, J. H.

Baydon, Rom. Rd., 327.

Baynard, Edward and Eleanor, 376.

Beadon, Isabella S., 171. Rich.
A'Court (Rev.), ib.

Beanacre, 182, 330. Persons
*eeBrouncker,H. ; Daniell; Selfe;
Whittokes-mede.

Beansale, Alice, 390.

Bears and "bereward," 148 et seq.,
201 et seq.

Beatty, Sir Will., 421.

Beauchamp, Arms, illustn., 333.

— Maud de, Countess of War-
wick, 303. Rich, de, Bp. of
Salisbury, 176. Thos. de,
Earl of Warwick, 382.

Beaufort, Arms, illustn., 332.

Louise E., Duchess of, ports.

88, 192.

Hunt, ports., 89.

Bee (Normandy), Abbot of, 119.

Becket, St. Thos. 121, 122.

Beckford, Mr., 291.

Beckhampton Gibbet, illustn., 321.
Rom. Rd., 102. Stone
Coffin, 75.

Beddoe, Dr., 105.

Bedwyn, "Battle of," 418, 419.

Persons see Braumound, Alice ;
Deyrone, J.

East [Estebedewynd], offen-
ders agst. Statute of Labourers,

395. Persons see Hardyng,R.
Bedwyn, Gt., Rom.Villa, Late Celtic

Stamp and Rom. gold ring found,
336. Stock Tree, 75.

Little. See Knowle.

W. [Westbedewynd], offen-
ders agst. Statute of Labourers,

396. See also Forde. Persons
see Bigeles, Matilda; Muleward,J.

Beechingstoke[Bychchenstoke]379,
399. Persons see Pavior, J.

Belbury Rings, 379.
Belgge, 110, 298.

Bell, Dorothy, port., 339. Lorna,
port., ib. W. Heward, 96, 102,
104, 236, 240; dons., 196, 347,
348.

Bell-founders. See Corr, fam.

Belle, Matilda, 406. Will., 409.

Bello, Rich, de, 372.

Bells, See Cherhill ; Compton Bas-
sett ; Lyneham ; Norton Bavant.

Bemerton, geology, 184. Rom.
Rd., 325. Persons see Alex-
ander, E. ; Taunton, S. J.

Benchacre, 125.

Benet [Benetes], Christina, 400.

John, 402.
Bennett, F. E., writings, 190.

F. J., 77. Fred. (Rev.), obit.

notice, 174. alias Hooper,

Thos., 270.
Bentley Wood, 176, 331.
Berin [Birinus], 116, 355.
Berle, Hen. de, 403.
Bernard, Edw. R. (Canon), writings,

• 86. R. C. (Miss), 429.

Berners, Charles, 426.
Berry, Valentine I., 192.
Berton. See Burton.
Berwick, 291.

St. Leonards, Manor Ho. re-
erected, 348, 349, Persons see
Duraunt, S.

Berwick [Berewyk], Sim., 398.
Will, de, 372.

Beryles, Mathew, 405.

Beste, Julia la, 406.

Besyles, Mathew de, 403.

Beydon, Rich, de, 391.

Biddele, John, 271.

INDEX TO VOL XXXIII.

435

Biddes, Alice, 401.
Biddestone, Charities, 335.
Bide, John de, 402.
Bigeles, Matilda, 396.
Bigg [Bygge], John, 401.
Bignor, Rom. Villa, 239.
Bigod, Boger de, 382 ; arms illust.,
81.

Bingham, Rob., Bp. of Salisbury,
176.

Bird Notes, 65, 353.

Birinus, St. See Berin.

Biscop, Benedict, 178.

Biset, Manasser and Margaret, 333.

Bishop [Bisshop, Busshop], Agnes,

& Will., 395. Gilbert & Thos.,

401.

Bishops Cannings, 182. Church
visited, 104. John, vicar of,

367. See also Coate.

Persons, Brouncker, R.

Bishopsdown, near Salisbury, Eo-
lithic flints, 78.

Bishopstone (N. Wilts), Charities,
187, 334.

(S. Wilts) Rom. Rd., 325.

Persons see Walton, I.

Bishopstrow, barrows, 110.

Church, ISO; Saxon work (?),
118, 119. Meaning of name,
116. Rom. Villas, 117.

Persons see Aldhelm, St.

Bite Fynger, Rich., 401.

Bittern, occurrence of, 65, 181, 419.

Black Death, effect on agriculture,
384.

Blackland, 316. Illusts., 321.
Blackmore, 74.

Blackmore, Dr. H. P., 50, 78;

Port., 428.
Blake fain, of Pinhills, 321.
Hen., 96; writings, 428.

Will, le, 409.
Blank, Walt., 390.
Blank land, 125.
Blind houses, list of, 74.
Blomfield, Sir A., 350.
Blond, Adam and John, 396.
Blow, Detmar J., " Stonehenge,

etc.," noticed, 75, 76; work at

Stonehenge. 6, 7.
Bluet [Blewett, Bloet], John, 391.

John (Sir), 360—4, 368,

369, 372, 373 ; letter from, 363 ;

tomb, 361. Margery, 369,

Ralph, 365. Walt., ib.
Will., ib.

Blunsdon Abbey, 417. Cold

Harbour Inn, 343. Rom.

Rd., 327, 328. Persons see

Thomas, Louisa M.
Broad [Brodebluntesdon,

Buryblontesdon], 386, 387.

Persons see Hershurde, John le ;

Horsehurde, Will. ; Subter, Joan

and Walt.
Blyk, Rich., 407.

Blythe, Rev. Rob., obit, notice, 313.

Bochel, Alice and Will., 390.

Bocher. See Butcher.

Boddoke, John, 399.

Bodington, Rev. E. J., " .History of
Devizes," noticed, 74. |_338.

" Bceotia, A Modern," noticed, 337,

Bokerly Dyke, Rom. Rd., 325.

" Bolingbroke," etc., W. Sichel, no-
ticed, 82.

Boltash, John, 404.

Bolton, John, 273. [147

"Bond or customary " tenants, 146,

Bond, John, arts, on, 192.
Ralph, 294.

Bonfer, Nich., 396.

Bonion, Matilda, ib.

Bons, Rich., 408.

Boraqo officinalis (Pot.), 181.

"Borde land," 203.

Bordel, John, 390.

Bordon. See Burdon.

Bore Hill, 124.

Borebach. See Burbage.

Boregeys, Borgeys. See Burgess.

Bos bison, 78; B. taunts var.
primi genius, (geol.) ib.

Bosanquet, E. F., don., 196.

Boscherville [" Busherville "], in
Normandy, 305.

Boscombe, 273, 274, 330.

Persons see Kent, W. ; Walton, I.

Botany, 337, 355, 423.

Boteler, Botyler. See Butler.

Botewelle, Agnes, 406. Will.,409.

Bothel, John, 393.

Botley Hill [Botteleye], 396.
Persons see Muleward, Will. le.

Botuelle, Walt., 406.

Bouche, John, 390.

Boundy, Agnes, 395. John, 408.

Bourleghe, John de, 373, 374.

Bourne Valley, Rom. Rd., 324.

Bourton ( ), 231.

Bouverie, E. O. P., 349, 356 ; dons.,
196, 343, 348 ; Hon. Gen. Sec,
99. (Lady) Edith Pleydell, 173.

2 G 2

436

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

Bowden Hill, Rom. Rd., 327.
Bower (Mr.) , 289. Harry, 293.
Bowerchalk, 292, 294. Persons
see Good, Dr. H. ; Harrington, H.
Bowood, illus., 321, 341. Sale

of pictures, 334.
Box, 176. Blindhouse, 75.

Old Vicarage, 236,252.
Rom. Villa, altar, 252 ; bones of
cock, 268; capital (figd. J, 253;
coins, 238, 269 ; excavations, 95,
96, 102, 348 ; Harold Brakspear
on (figs.), 236-262; marble,
foreign, 262, 263; metal objects,
268, 269; objects from, given to
Museum, 95 ; Goddard, Rev. E.
H. on, 262—269; painted wall
plaster, 238, 239, 244, 250, 251,
256, 263, 264 ; pavements, 236 et
seq., (figd.) 245, 247—249, ma-
terials of the tesserae, 244, 245 ;
plans (figd.), 242, 245, 261:
pottery, 238, 265—268; roofing
tiles, 244; sculpture (figd.), 255.

The Wilderness, 236, 237 ;
old mill at, 241, 261, 262.
See also Hazelbury, Middle Hill,
Wormwood. Persons see

Brown, W. J. ; Burges, Miss ;
Hardy, J.; Mullins, Rev. G. ;
White, Rev. W.
Boyes Coppice, 289.
Boyle, G. D. (Dean), port., 192.
Boyton Church, 119 ; plate, 123.
Braches, field name, 290.
Bracy, Rich., 389.
Bradeby. See Bradley.
Bradenstok, John de, 408.
Bradenstoke, 379. Cross, 74,

318. Illusts., 321.

Priors. See Snow, W. ; Walshe,T.

Priory, 74, 314, 318, 385,
405 ; fireplace removed, 318.
Stoche in Domesday, 299.
Whitefield Chapel (figd.), 319.
See also Clack.
Bradeway, John de, 396-7.
Bradfield (Hullavington), geology,
182.

Bradford-on-Avon Barn, art. no-
ticed, 185. Blindhouse, 75.

Geology, 91. Guide,
noticed, 180. Hundred, of-

fenders agst. Statute of Labourers,
403. Illusts., 180, 185, 425.

Pre-Norman stones, 74,
179; illust., 177, 178.

Bradford-on-Avon — continued.

Saxon Church, 118; illust., 177.
Persons see Aldhelm, St. ;

Courteney Huddersfield ; Halle,

Will, atte ; Rogers fam.
Bradford, C. C, dons., 92, 430.

James E. G., "Broad Town

Charity, etc.," noticed, 331.

Rob. (I. and II.), 402.
Bradley [Bradeby], alias Taylor,

John, 147, 149, 199, 204, 206—9,

220.

Bradon Wood, 147, 148, 153, 201,

et seq.

Brakspear, Harold, 104, 335 ; arts,
by, noticed, 81, 86, 314, 315, 318,
319, 334, 338; don., 343 ; exca-
vates at Box, 96, 348, at Mahnes-
bury, 349 ; on Rom. Villa at Box,
102, 236—262. Sidney, 236,

260.

Brasier, Will., 394.

Brasses. See Durnford, Gt. ; Had-

leigh, co. Suff. ; Minety.
Bratton, 303, 304, 380. Records,

72, 74, 182, 330. Persons

see Mandeville, de ; Whitaker.
Braumound, Alice, 394.
Brayne, Will., 206, 208.
Breamore Ho., Co. Hants. Persons

see Hulse, Sir E.
Bredere, Hen. le, 395.
Bremhill, crosses, 74. Illusts.,

321. Lepidojptera, 419.

Maud Heath's Column and

Causeway, 315. See also

Stanley Abbey ; Tytherton, E. ;

Wick Hill.
Brende, Thos., 388.
Brewer [Breo Were], John le, 395.

Nich., 204.
Brictric, 113, 114. [397.
Brid [Brydl, Thos. (I. & II.), 394,
Bridges. See Brydges.
Bridport, Charlotte (Lady), 421.
Brigges. See Brydges.
Brigit, St., 117.
Brimsdon, deriv., 110.
Brinkworth, Ch., arts, on, noticed,

82, 186 ; restored, 96.
Brinton, Will., 291, 295.
Bristol, Bishops of. See Browne,

G. F. ; Bush, P. See of, 177.

See also Snow, W. (Dean).
Bristowe, John (I. & II.), 389.
Britf ord, 332. Persons see Jervoise

fam.

INDEX TO VOL XXXIII.

437

British Bead. See Porton.

Pottery. $<?e01dbury; Porton.

Settlements. See Hill Deve-

rill ; Knook ; Norton Bavant ;

Stockton.
Brittan, E. J., and Mrs., ports.,

80.

Brixton Deverill, 128. Be-
longed to Abbey of Bee, 123.
Church, 120 ; in Domesday, 119.

Deriv., 113, 114. Pen-
nings, 127. Population in

17th cent., 129. " Smoke

Alley," 123. Site of Ec-

bright's Stone, 113, 114, 328, 329.

" The Liberty," 123.
Whitecliff, 124. Persons see

Daphney, E. ; Dredge; Maslin.

Broad Chalke, 292. Geology,
77. See also Gurston; Stoke.
Persons see Good, Dr. H.

Broad Hinton, 181. Charters
relating to, 176. White
Horse, 82.

"Broad Town Charity," J. E. G.
Bradford, noticed, 331.
Persons see Guldelok, H. ; Toppin,
G. P., and M.

Broadmead [Braddemede], 126.

Brodebluntesdon. See Blunsdon.

Broke, Rob., 150.

Brokenborough [Brokenbury, Bro-
keneberg] or Twatly, Roman
Coins, etc., 331, 332. Persons
see Byloun, H. ; Palmere, Edith ;
Smyth, R.

Brome, Thos., 387.

Bromham Ch., 316 ; illusts., 321.
Thomas Moore's grave, arts,
noticed, 335.

Bronze Age in Britain, date of, 43 ;
in Wiltshire, 353. Drinking
Cups, article on, noticed, 337.

Implements. See Wootton
Bassett.

Brooke (Mr.), 289, 290. J. W.,

art. by, 339.
Brooks, Gladys, port., 428.
Broomsgrove Farm (Pewsey),

Romano-British Urn, 195.
Brounces, Agnes, 405.
Brouncker [Brounker] farm, 182;

ped., ib.

Hen. (I. and II.), 73, 182.

Lawrence, ib. Rob., ib.
Will. (Sir), ib.
Brouncker's Down, 296.

Brown [Browne], Geo., 148, 151,

152, 155, 156, 168, 199, 204, 206,

208, 209, 212, 214. Thos. ,216.
W. F., don., 91. Will.

(I. & II.), 301, 409. Will.,

J., obit, notice, 172, 173.
Browne, G. F., Bp. of Bristol, 2,

186, 355 ; art. by noticed, 334 ;

don., 195 ; on Bishopstrow, 117 ;

President of the Society, 98 ;

port., 191 ; " St. Aldhelm,"

noticed, 177—179.
Bruce family, 418.
Bruchere [Bruchre], John, 389.

Phil., 402.
Bruges, Thos., 68.
Bruton, Rich., 394.
Bryan, John, 385, 387.
Bryd. See Brid.

Brydges [a Bregges,Bridges,Briggs,
Brygges], Edm. (Sir), 147—156,
167, 168, 199—223, 225,229—232.

Hen., 149, 153,167,201,205.

John, 149,153,201,205.207,
209,210.

Buchanan, T. B., Archdeacon, 427.

Bucher. See Butcher.

Buckholt Farm, Rom. Rd., 323.

Buckingham, Duke of, at Stone-
henge, 20. Marq. of, 289,290.

Bulford, 89, 270—272, 276.
Church, 83. Illust., 83, 193.
Sarsen stone in river, 106.
Persons see Goodyer, H.; Mel-
some, G. E. K. ; Poore, E.

Bulkington, 295, 296. Cross,74.

Bull Bridge, 295.

Bull, Rev. Theodore, don., 195;
work noticed, 191.

Bulstrode, Thos., will, 378.

Bumball Poopey (game), 333.

Bundy, Thos., will, 330.

Bunston, Anna, poems noticed, 428.

Bupton (Clyffe Pypard), 182.
Persons see Brouncker, H.

Burbage [Borebach, Burbach],
offenders agst. Statute of Lab-
ourers, 396. See also Crofton.
Persons see Sley, W. ; Taylor S.

Burder, Rev. Charles S., obit,
notice, 313.

Burdon [Bordon], John, 392.

Burges, Miss, 260, 348. Phil., 270.

Burgess, [Boregeys, Borgeys, Bur-
geis, Burgeys] , John (I & II) , 389,
393, 394. Will., (I & II),

393, 396.

438

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

Burnett, Violet P., 89.
Burnham Abbey, co. Bucks, 338, 343.
Burroughs Hill, Eolithic flints, 78.
Bursey Stool Walk, 290.
Burton [Berton] , Bich., 365.

Walt. (I & II.), 386, 398.
Burwell, 303.
Bury Acre, 271.

Buryblontesdon. See Blunsdon.
Bush ped., 73.

Edith, 73. Paul, Bp.

o£ Bristol, monument, port., seal,
and will, 72, 73. Paul (Jun.),
will, ib. Walt., will, ib.

Busshop. See Bishop.

Butcher [Bocher, Bucher], Joan le,
399. John, 402.

Butler [Boteler, Botyler], Daniel
W., port., 192. Nich., 395.

Will., 403.

Buxton, E. N., 188.

Bychchenstoke. See Beechingstoke.

Bygge. See Bigg.

Bylown, Hen., 400.

Cadley (Melksham). See Selfe. [307.

Caen, Cartulary of St. Vincent de,

Cagelere, Adam, 403.

Caillard, Emma M., works, noticed,
190, 338. Vincent H. P.(Sir),
ports., 191, 429; writings, 190.

Cakard, Koger, 393.

Calcott Bridge, Kom. Bd., 327.

Calfey [Calfe], John or Bich., 217,
223.

Calla's Hill, nr. Wanborough, Kom.
Bd., 327.

Came, Borough arms and seal,
illust., 321. Butcher's Kow,

illust., ib. Castle Ho., Chimney-
piece, glass, etc., illust., ib.
Charters, 319. Church, 314 ;
chantries, 319; chest {figd.), 320;
illiists., 321 ; plate, 320, 321 ;
Saxon work, 319. Common
Lands, 321. Eldebrook, 320.

Free Library, 342, 425.
"History of, etc." A. E. W.
Marsh, noticed, 314—322, 422.

Illusts., 321. Noncon-
formity, 320. Offenders agst.
Statute of Labourers, 401.
Parson's umbrella, 321 .
Plague at, 421. Priory of St.
John Baptist, 320. Quemer-
ford, ib. Town Hall, Old,

illust., 321. See also Pinhills;
Stock ; Stockley ; Tasworth ;

Calne — continued.

Whitley. Persons see Brounker,

B. ; Crypce, W. ; Deghere, J. ;
Fitz (?), J. ; Fremen, B. ; Heath,
R. S. ; Heord, S. ; Hoperes, E. ;
Justice, J. ; Lillefount, R. ; Mule-
ward, N. & B. ; Noyes, J. ;
Parry, D. O. ; Rich, P. (Vicar) ;
Roggerant, J. ; St. Lo, J. ;
Schullebuir, J.; Selewood, H.;
Taneres, A. ; Tanulle, T. ; Tonkere
T. ; Wilkins, H. ; Wolleslye, W.
(Vicar).

Calstone Chxivch(jigd.), 316; illust.,
321. Rom. Rd., 326.

" Chambois, land of" (France), 302.

Cambridge, Kings Coll., property,
63. [178.

Camel, West, Pre-Norman stones,

Camme, Rich., Abbot of Malmes-
bury, 146 et seq., 200 et seq.

Camps and earthworks, 110, 298 ;
near places called " Stock " or
" Stoke," 379. See also Badbury
Ring, Belbury Ring, Chilmark,
Chisbury Ring, Chiselbury Camp,
Clearbury Ring, Erlestoke, Fos-
bury, Oldbury, Ringsbury,
Rybury, Yarnbury Castle.

Canford Bridge, 295.

Canis lagojms, 78 ; C. lupus, ib. ;

C. Tulpes, {Geol.) ib.
Cann- Church, 292, 295.
Cannings [Canynges, Conyng],

Helewys,391. John (I. & II.),

391, 397.
Canon, Joan (I. & II.), 388.

John, 393.
Cantelow [Kauntelo], Alice, 396.
Cany el, Joan, 402.
Canynges. See Cannings. [88.
Cardigan, Earl and Countess, ports.,
Carloer, John, 391.
Carpenter, Edm., 396. Geo.,

executed, 334. H. W. (Canon),

port., 80; writings, 86.

Nich., 407. Rich., 396.

Carruthers, Mr., work at Stone-

henge, 6.
Carter, Mr., 411. Adam, 394,

Letitia, writings, 190.

Rich., 393.
Castle Combe Cross, 74 ; illust., 425.

Dipper at, 65, 353.
Castlehaven, Earl of, 74.
Cat, Adam, 398.
Cayuel, John, 388.

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

439

Celtic, Late, stamp, Gt. Bedwyn,
336 ; remains in Wilts, 353.

Cennick, John, 315.

Cerhaus (Normandy), 308.

Cervus elajphus (GeoL), 78.

Chadeleshunte.Will.de, Archdeacon
of Wilts, 370.

Chafin, Will., 289—292.

Chained books. See Durnford Gt.
Church.

Chalener. See Chaloner.

Chalk Sponges, minute fossils from,
given to Museum, 91, 95.

Chalke, Deanery of, Roman Catho-
lics in 17th century, 129.

Chaloner [Chalener, Challoner],
John (I. & II.), 395, 399.
Will., 406.

Chamberlaine, Kev. E., 354.

Chamberlayn, Will., 394. [402.

Chambers [Chambre], Eob. atte,

Chamflur, Juliana, 394.

Chandler [ChaundeP], Kob. le, 389.

Chapman [Chepman, Chuppeman] ,
(Mr.), 291. John (I. & II.),

389, 399. Margery, 406.

Matilda, ib. Rob., 389.

Stephen, 406.

Chappe, Edith, 389.

Charities. See Allcannings ; Ames-
bury ; Biddestone ; Bishopstone
(N. Wilts) ; Broad Town ; Cheve-
rell, Gt. ; Chippenham ; Corsham ;
Erchfont ; Hinton, Little ; Lang-
ford, Steeple; Lavington, W. ;
Liddington ; Maddington ; Or-
cheston St. George ; Potterne ;
Poulshot ; Rodbourne Cheney ;
Rollestone ; Seend ; Shrewton ;
Stapleford ; Stratton St. Marga-
ret; Wanborough; Wilton; Win-
terbourne Stoke ; Wishford ;
Wootton Bassett ; Wylye.

Charles V., Emperor, 228.

Charlotte, Queen, 335.

Charlton, [Cherletone] , near Mal-
mesbury, 341. Persons see

Smyht, John le.

(Pewsey Vale), Ch., draw-
ings, 343. Offenders agst.
Statute of Labourers, 395, 399.

Charlynges, Edith, 390.

Charnage (Mere), skeletons found,
169. Persons see White, A .R.

ChaundeP, le. See Chandler.

Chenandopora Michelinii (GeoL),
91.

Chepman. See Chapman.
Cherbourgh [Chyrebury], fam. of

Seend, 420.
John de, 300. Wyganus

de, 420.

Cherhill [Chiriell, Chiryel] Barn
fjlgd.j, 316. Barrows, ib.

Bells, 321. Held by de Man-
deville and Maud de Beauchamp,
303. Illusts., 321. Offen-
ders agst. Statute of Labourers,
401. White Horse, 82.

Persons see Atte Slo, Juliana;
Aysschman, W.; Busshop, G. and
T.; Cohere, W. ; Forst, W.; Skot,
Agnes.

Cherleton. See Charlton.

Chesman, John, 409.

Chettle, 289—291. Persons see
Chafin, W.

" Chettle " hole, 115.

Cheverell, Gt., 295—297. Char-
ities, 335. Rom. coins, 169.

Chicksgrove, Geology, 77.

Child, H., writings, 85.

Chilmark, Berwick St. Leonard
Manor Ho. re-erected, 349.
Camp excavated, 349. Geol-
ogy, 77, 184. Romano- British
pits, 349. Stone, 281.

Chilton Foliat, Bitterns, 181, 419.
Font, 422. Illusts., 187.
Stocks, 75.

Chilton, John de, 391, 403.

Chippenham, Blindhouse, 75.
Charities, 334. Cyclone, 1903,
185. Geology, 91.

Hundred, offenders agst. Statute
of Labourers, 388—390.
In 1902, art. noticed, 84. The
Cliff, 75. Persons see Awdry,
Rev. E. C. ; Brouncker, L. ;
Gouldney, A.

Chiriell, Chiryell. See Cherhill.

Chisbury [Chussebury] offenders
agst. Statute of Labourers, 395.

Ring Camp, 379.
Worked flints, 91. Persons see
Yrmanggere, W. le.

Chiselbury, 379.

Chiselhurst (Kent), 339.

Chiseldon [Chuselden], 326, 404.
Views, 87. Persons see

Heryng, P.

Chitterne, Geology, 91. Robbery
Monument, 75. Rom. coin, 91.

Chose, Joan, 391. John, ib.

440 INDEX TO

Christian Malford [Cristemallford],
409. Cross, 74. Persons
see Dany, J. ; Persone, R.

Christianity in Wessex, Founda-
tion of, 355.

Chubb, Thos., port., 89.

Chuppernan. See Chapman.

Churches, named before consecra-
tion, 121.

Churchestyghle, Cristina, 390,

Churcheye, Margery atte, 402.

Chuselden [Chusleden], Ralph de,
407. Will, de, 403. See
also Chisledon.

Chussebury. See Chisbury.

Chute Heath, Rom. Rd., 325, 326.
Lodge. See Fowle, Rev. H.

Chyrebury. See Cherbourgh.

Cinclus aquations (Zool.J, 65,
353.

Cirencester, Rom. pavements, 245 ;
roads, 236, 322, 328.

— — — Richard of, Itinerary, 322,

Cissbury (Sussex), flint implements
found, 23.

Clack, 405, 406, 409. Persons
see Baterych, Juliana ; Belle,
Matilda ; Chepman, Matilda and
Steph. ; Rich, the cobbler ; Saw-
yare, Adam le ; Scryueyn, W. ;
Stryveyn, Matilda. See also
Bradenstoke.

Clade, Nich., 403.

Clare arms, illust., 333.

Gilbert de, 81.

Clarendon Hill, geology, 77.
Park, arts, on, noticed, 85.

Earl of, 429.

Clarice, John, 400.

Clark, Rob., 276.

Clark-Maxwell, Rev. W. G., on
Letter to Cromwell, 375 — 376 ; on

the Appropriation of the Rectory

of Lacock, 358—375.
Claypole, Mrs., 426.
Clearbury Ring, 379.
Clement, Walter, 404.
Clerc. See Clerk.
Clergy, 384, 386; ejected under

Commonwealth, 123.
Clerk [Clerkes, Clerkus], Isabella,

389. John, 393. Ralph le,

398. Rich, le, 400. Thos.

le, 394. Will, le, 406.

Cleuer, Peter, 392.
Cley Hill, 329.
Clone, Peter le, 399.

VOL. XXXIII.

Cloth weaving, 129, 130, 334. See
also Wool trade.

Cloutie's Croft, 127.

Clutterbuck, Annie, (Mrs.) 66.
E. H. don., 92 ; works by, 86.

Clyffe Pypard [ Cly vepyperd], 175,
407. Lesser Horseshoe Bat

found, 169. See Bupton ;

Thornhill. Persons, Brouncker,
H. ; Dounames, Alice ; Lange,
Edith ; Paiers, Edith ; Purs,
Isabel.

Coate, nr. Swindon, illust., 341.

Cobenham, John, 400.

Cobley, 292, 294. Persons see

Harcourt, W.

Cockatrip Cottage, Rom. Rd., 326.

Cockeleye. See Lacock.

Cockes. See Cox.

Code, Agnes, 390.

Codford, geology, 77.

St. Mary, Church, 119;

plate, 123.

St. Peter, Church, 120; font,

119 ; plate, 123 ; Pre-Norman
stone, 119.

Codrington, Thos., "Roman Roads,
etc.," noticed, 322—328.

Cohen [Palgrave], Francis, 415.

Coilles, Edith, 391. Rich, le, ib.

Cok. See Cook.

Cokelbergh, Rich. 390.

Coker (Mr.), 291. Hen. (Sir),

monument, 124.

Cold Harbour Farm (Stratford-sub-
Castle), Rom. Rd., 325.

Cold Harbour(Blunsdon)Token,343.

Coleman, Adam, 398.

Coleoptera (Entom.), 181.

Colerne, Blindhouse, 75. Pre-
Norman stones, 74, 179 ; Illusts.,
177, 178. Rom. ViUfe, 239.

Coleshull, John, 389.

Colesse. See Collis.

Coliere [Colyar], Margaret, 389.
Will., 401.

Collingbourne, offenders agst. Stat-
ute of Labourers, 396. Per-
sons see Canon, J. ; Dypar, J. ;
Langlynch, J. ; Molyn, Leticia ;
Moryn, R. ; Webbe, J. [408.

Collis[Colesse], Rich.de, "Eremyte,"

Cologne (Germ.), Rom. Pottery, 265.

Colston, Blanche G., port., 340.
Edw. M., port., ib.

Coltyng, Rich., 393.

Colverhuse, Walt., ib.

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

441

Colyar. See Coliere.

Compton Bassett Ch., bells, 317 ;
hour glass, ib., illust., 425; stone
screen and loft, 317. Illusts.,
321. Persons see Cue, Mr.

Chamberlayne, Park, view,

87. See Head, E.

Compton (Mr.), 354. Christina,
401.

Constable, Hubert, 372.
Constance, Bp. Hallam's tomb, 421.
Conybeare, Kev. W. D., 47, 59.
Conyng. See Cannings.
Cook [Cok, Cookes, Couk] , Agnes

(I. & II.), 407. Edith, 403.

Edw., 182, 236; dons., 195,

343. John (I.— III.), 395,

402, 403. Walt., 407.

Cooper, Lettice, port., 339.

Thos., 270.
Coote, Miss, 236.
Copheap, deriv., 115.
Corf e Castle, herring-bone masonry,

178.

Corfe, Arthur T. and Joseph, 80.
Cormorant, occurrence of, 65.
Corner, Will, de la, Bp. of Salisbury,
360.

Cornett, Will., 399.

Cornish, Alice le, 390. J. C.

(Rev.), 84. Rich, le, 390.

Cornwall, Earl of, 114. Regi-
nald, Earl of, 383. Rich.,
Earl of, arms, illust., 81.

Cornwallis, James, 5th Earl, 66.
(Lady) Jemima I., 66.

Corr fam., bell-founders, 420.

Corsham Charities, 335. Court,
fireplace from Bradenstoke, 318.

See also Monks. Persons
see Danvers. J. ; Methuen, Lord.

Corsoul, Simon, 403.

Corston, Rich., 401.

Corton (Boyton), " Chettle " hole,
deriv., 115.

(Hilmarton), Romano-Brit.

dwelling-pit, 268.

Cotel, Rich., 365.

Cotes, fam., 173.

Charles, obit, notice, 173,

174. Charles G. (Rev.), 173.

(Lady) Edith, 173.
Will, de, 370.

Cottage industries in 18th cent. 129.

Couk. See Cook.

Coulston, East, 295, 296, 298.

Coupere. See Cowper.

VOL. XXXIII. — NO. CII.

i Courstur, Peter le, 402.

' Courtenay Huddersfield fam., of

Bradford-on-Avon, 184.
Cowper, [Coupere, Cowpere] , John

(I. & II.) 395, 399. Will, le,

404.

Cox [Cockes], Walt., 407.

Mr. Richardson, 414.

" Crabbe," by Alf. Ainger, noticed,
179, 180 ; port., 192 ; tomb of his
parents, illust., 193 ; works, 339.

Craketail, Hen., 392.

Cranborne Chace, bounds of,
Letters concerning, 289-295.

Cranmore, E., Rom. Ed., 325.

Cras, Edward, 388.

Crekkelade, Matilda, and Eich.
(I. & II.), 390.

Creyleber, Eoger, 396.

Cricklade, Crosses, 74. Eom.
Ed., 327, 328. Hundred,
offenders agst. Statute of* Lab-
ourers, 386, 387, 397, 398.
See also Calcott Bridge.

" Crimes, Old Wiltshire," 422.

Cripps [Crypce], John, 72.
Will., 401.

Cristemallford. See Christian
Malford.

Crockerton (Long-bridge Deverill),
125, 126. In Civil War, 129.
Looms, ib. Eevel, 121.

The Pottery and Mill, 125.

Crofton (Grafton), Interments, 419.
Eom. Ed., 418, 326.

" Cromwell and the Eoyalist Insur-
rection, 1655;" Sir E. F. D.
Palgrave, noticed, 71,72; letter
to, 375 — 376 ; lock used by,
illust., 426.

Croppes, Margery, 403.

" Crosses, etc." Eeport by C. S.
Adye, noticed, 74—75 ; origin of,
117. See Aldbourne ; Ashton
Keynes ; Barford St. Martin ;
Bradenstoke, Bremhill, Bulking-
ton ; Castle Combe ; Christian
Malford ; Cricklade ; Devizes ;
Downton ; Durrington ; Enford ;
Lacock ; Latton ; Ludgershall ;
Lydiard Millicent ; Maddington ;
Malmesbury ; Mere ; Nether-
hampton ; Pepper Box Hill:
Purton ; Eodbourne ; Salisbury ;
Sedgehill ; Sherston ; Shrewton ;
Steeple Ashton; Stourhead ;
Stratford Toney ; Tisbury ;

2 H

442

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

Crosses, etc. — continued. \
Trowbridge ; Wilton ; Wraxall,
N. See also Pre-Norman Sculp-
tured Stones.

Crosthwaite, co. Cumb., Kentigern
at, 117.

Croune, Nich., 396.

Crowes, Cecilia, 388, 389.

Crypce. See Cripps.

Cue, Mr., 320. [322.

Culkerton Down Wood, Kom. Kd.,

Cuming, H. Syer, 238.

Cunetio, Kom. Eds., 102, 325, 326.

Cunnington, B. H., 108; dons., 91,
95, 195, 348. H., 50, 53.

H. (Mrs.), don., 196. W.A.,
131—138. Will. (F. G. S.),
8, 49, 50, 55, 96 ; congratulations
to, 100; dons., 91, 92, 95, 195,
348 ; on The Palaeolithic Imple-
ments and gravels of Knowle,
131-138. Will, of Heytes-
bury, 41.

Cuslei, 126.

Cuttering ( ), 231.

Dacres [de Acres], Joan (I. & II.),
388, 389.

Dale, Will., 77 ; art. noticed, 336.

Dando, Walt., 396.

Danes' Blood. See Sambucus ebulus.

Traditions of, 329.

Daniell [Danyel] fam., 330. [394.

J. J. (Rev.), 109. John,

Danvers, John, 85.

Dany, John, 409.

Daphney, Rich., 335.

Dartnell, G. E.. dons., 92, 195, 430.
H. AV., dons., 343, 348.

Daungers, Margaret, 388.

Dauntsey, 400. Persons see

Mete, J. ; Reygnald, J.

Dauntsey fam., 182.

Davey, E. C, 169.

Davies, J. Sylvester (Rev.), tran-
scribes Tropenell Cartulary, 96.
Thos., 48, 49.

Davis, Rev. Charles H., obit, notice,
313.

Davye, Rob., 301.
Dawnwater, Walt., 396.
Dawson, Rev. Rich., obit, notice,
174.

De Grey, Countess, ports, 89, 340.
De la Corner. See Corner.
De la Mare, Sir John, 370, 373, 374.
De Sancto Martino, Godfrey, 365.
W., ib.

De Walden. See Howard de Wal-
den.

Deacon, Capt. T. H., port., 191.
Dean, W. See also Howe Farm.
Deer's horn picks. See Avebury ;

Grime's Graves ; Stonehenge.
Deghere. See Deyere.
Denison, Dr., Bp. of Salisbury, 279,

427.

Deorham, Battle of, 177.
Deptford (Wylye), Rom. Vessel

(figd.), 170.
Derby, Earl of. See Ferrers.
Derby, John, 391.
Derneford, Roger, 365.
Derry Hill, illust., 321.
Despencer, Arms, illust., 333.
Deth, John, 405.

Devenysshe, Joan, 403. John
(I. & II.), 399, 405.

Deverill, deriv., 110. Saxon
deed, 124, 125. Valley, 119,

357; Saxon Conquest, 113.

Devil's Parrock, 127.

Devizes, 69, 70, 91, 182, 192, 236,
297, 313, 394, 403, 405, 417, 427.
Arts, on, noticed, 187, 188.
Brittox, 108, 188.
Castle, castle guard service.
303 ; E. Kite on, 100, 187 ; medi-
aeval pottery, 101. Ch. of
St. John, visited, 101. Ch.
of St. Mary, deeds, 100 ; visited,
101. Corporation plate, etc.,
101, 108. Deriv., 112.
Cross, 74. Crosses formerly
existing, 188. Crucifix found, 91 .

Geology, 91. Guilds, arms of ,
illusts., 342, 426. " History of,"
E.J. Bodington, noticed, 74
Illusts., 342, 425. In 1902,

art., 84. Meeting of Wilts

Arch. Soc. 1903,93—108, 345.

Museum, additions to, 348 ;
art. noticed, 184 ; building fund,
196—198; enlargement, 94, 108,
346, 347, 349. Noncon-
formity, art. noticed, 422.
Prison, Ch. Plate, 187 ; leg irons,
343. Woollen trade, 187.
Persons see Berry, V. I. ; Broun-
ker, H. and R. ; Butler, D. W. ;
Cook, E. ; Hemington, Rev. C. ;
Rendell. F. ; Roger, Bp. of Salis-
bury ; Smith, G. T. ; Watson-
Taylor, S.

Deye, John, 400.

INDEX TO VOL XXXIII.

443

Deyere [Deghere], Edith le, 395.
Geof. le, ib. John, 401.

Walt, le, 395.
Deyrone, John, 394.
" Dialect of Pewsey," John Kjeder-
quist, noticed, 72, 420 ; verses,
181.

Dickson Poynder. See Poynder.
Dillon, Lord, 2.
Dimsdale, Elsbeth, port., 89.
Dinton Beeches, Rom. Ed., 324.

Geology, 77, 184. .
Dipper. See Ginclus.
Diptera (Entom.J, 181, 419.
Ditteridge, 237. Eom. Villa,

239. Persons see Mullins,

Rev. G.

Dixon, S. B., 108, 131 ; on Palgeo-
lithic Flint Implements from
Knowle, 139—144.

Dod post (Longleat), deriv., 110.

Dodsdown, 418.

Dodeswell. See Dowdeswell.

Don, Juliana, 389.

Donhead, 129. Geology, 77.

Donnyng, Rich., 398.

Dorchester, co. Dors., 289, 293.

Dorinton, Sir Rob. de, 362, 363, 371,
372.

Dorling, Rev. E. E., 348 ; art. no-
ticed, 332, 333; note, 332. [83.
"Dorset, Black's Guide," noticed,
Doryderma Ramosum, 91 ; D. Roe-

nrnri (Geol.), ib.
Doswell. See Dowdeswell.
Dotesio and Todd, Messrs. ,don., 195.
Doulting, co. Som., 118. ' Pre-

Norman stones. 178. St.

Aldhelm died at, 117.
Dounames, Alice, 407.
Dounton, Roger, 398.
Dowdeswell [Dodeswell, Doswell],

Anthony, 202, 205, 209.
Down Ampney, 173. Persons

see Archer, Hannah.
Downton, Blindhouse, 75.

Cranbourne Chace, 295.

Crosses, 74. See also Wick.

Persons, see Robinson.
Draycote (Wilcot), 399.
Dredge, as surname, deriv., 128.
Driffield Cross, co. Glouc, Rom.

Ed., 328.
Dry, Sarah, 67. Susannah, ib.
Thomas (Rev.), obit, notice,

67.

Duddell, Blanche G., 340.

Dugdale fam., of Seend, 330.

Sidney (Rev.), art. on, 340.

Thos., will, 330.
Duke [Duk], John, 400. Regi-
nald, 399.
Dunley Farm, Rom. Rd., 323.
Dunstan, St., 118.
Dunstanville, Raymond de, 305.
Dunston, T. F., 182.
Duraunt, Steph., 372.
Durden, Mr., 23.

Durnford, Gt., Ch., altar rails, 287 ;
arts. on,noticed,335,422 ; benches,
287; chained book,?'6.; iont,(fgd.J ,
285; glass, 285; lectern, wooden,
287; mural painting, ib. ; C. E.
Ponting on (figs.) 282—288 ;
pulpit, 287.

Durobrivoe, 265.

Durrington Church, advowson, 272 ;
benches, 281; blown down, 279;
ded.,^.;font,277,280,281; low-side
window, 280; mural paint., 278;
C. E. Ponting on (figs.), 277.
282 : pulpit, 281. Cross, 74,
282. East-end Manor, 269—
272. Field names, 270, 271.

Rectory, 272—276.
Ruddle, Rev. C. S. on, 269—
276. West-end Manor, 269.

See also Bury Acre, Single
Deane Bottom, Whitelands ; Per-
sons, Addams, alias Smith, W. ;
Allen, J. ; Bennett, alias Hooper,
T. ; Biddele, J. ; Burges, P. ;
Forster,R. ; Fowler, W. ; Goodyer,
H.; Greene, T.; Grene,W. ; Glasse,
J.; Graly, R. ; Harrison, H. ; Head,
H.and R. ; Holmes, AV. ; Howard,
H. and N. ; Hunt, R. ; Kent, W. ;
Lawrence, T. ; Lewis, Joan ;
Longe, E. ; Mareys, J. ; Martin,
R.; Maton, L.; Meade, J.; Moore
fam. ; Nevill, T. ; Poore fam. ;
Reade, Hannah, Hester, W. j
Riccards, alias Rickets, fam. ;
Smith, T. ; Speckman, R. ; Trot-
man, A. ; Waldorne (Mr.) ; Webb
fam. ; Wheeler, J. and W. ; White,
W., Young, H.

Duyce, John, 402.

Dyer John, 387. John, of

Tetbury, 226, 227, 229, 230.
John (Sir), 211. Rich, le, 387.

Dykere, Rich., 401.

Dykes, ditches. See Tilshead,
Wansdyke.

2 h 2

444

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

Dyinmyng, John, 393.
Dynne, Hen., 301.
Dypar, John, 393.
Eardley-Wilmot, John E., Bart.,

work by, 331.
Earl [Erie] in place names, 377,

378, 380—383.

title, history of, 381.

Earl Soharn [Soham Barres], co.

Norf., 382.

Stoke. See Erlestoke.

Earle, Cecilia, 387.
Earlham. See Erlham.
Earls Bury, co. Essex, 382.

Colne, co. Essex, ib.

— - — — Court (Kensington), ib.

Cromb, co. Worcs., ib.

Ditton, co. Salop, ib.

Heaton, co. York, ib.

Sterndale, co. York, ib.

Earlesburgh, co. York, ib.
Eastcote [Erdescote], in Wan-
borough, 408. Persons see

Byvere, T. de la.
Easterton, Kom. fibula, 91.
Easton [Eston], 293. Offenders

agst. Statute of Labourers, 396.
Persons see Battyn, S. ;

Bonion, Matilda ; Clerk, J. ;

Colverhuse, W. ; Seman, R. ;

Swone, Will.
Grey, 389. Persons see

Heyward, T. le.
Eastwick [La Verne], 418.
Eaton [Eton], 386, 387.

Persons see Randolf, H.; Spend-

love, W.

, Water, 328. See Seven

Bridges.
Ebble, R., Rom. Rd., 325.
Ecbright's stone, 113, 328, 329, 355.
Echini (Geol.), 91.
Eddington, co. Berks, etymology,

329.

Eddrup, Rev. T. B., 419.

Edewyne, Agnes, 400.

Edington, 72, 296, 329. Battle
of, site discussed, 328. Church,
illusts., 193, 341. Monastery,
304. Rectors. See Bush, Paul.

co. Som., 329.

Edward I. or II., carved head,
Norton, 124. VI., bust,

Maiden Bradley, 355.

Edwards, F. E., collection of fossils,
77. John, 148, 152, 199, 204,
206, 208. R. R., don., 195.

Eferbeorh, 124, 125.
Egmanton, Sir Hen., 216, 233.
Egwine, Bp. of Worcester, 117, 118.
Eir (?), John, 403.
El Bersheh (Egypt), 29.
Mlejphas primigenius (Geol.), 78.
Elcombe,404. Persons seeCoupere,
Will. le.

Elder, dwarf. See Sambucus ebulus.
Eleanor of Provence, arms, illust.,
81.

Eles, Thos., 233.

Elizabeth, Queen, bust at Maiden
Bradley, 355.

Ellandune Priory, grants by Edgar,
124, 125.

Ellerstoke. See Erlestoke.

Ellis, Diana, Countess of Norman-
ton, 314. (Lady) Mary J. D.,
ib. Welbore, 2nd Earl of

Normanton, ib.

Elyndon. See Wroughton.

Endford, John, 390.

Enford Cross, 74.

England [Ynglelond], Will., 396.

Enyngham, Rich., 387.

Eolithic flint implements, 78, 138,
140. See Bishopsdown, Burroughs
Hill, Ivychurch, Laverstock,
Thorny Down.

Eorl, John, 394.

Eorlestoke. See Erlestoke.

Equus cab alius (Geol.), 78.

Erchfont Charities, 187.
Records, 330, 420, 421.
Persons see Noyes fam.

Erdescote. See Eastcote.

" Eremyte," 408.

Erie [de Erlega] fam., 380, 381.

Erlescote. See Erlestoke.

Erlesholt (co. York), 381.

Erlestoke [Earle Stoke, Ellerstoke,
Eorlestoke, Erlescote, Erlestone,
Herryll Stoke, Stoches, Stoke],
69, 70, 182, 301 . And its Manor
Lords, John Watson=TayIor
on, 295-309; 377-383.
Art. on, noticed, 83. Barrow,

297. Bulstrode, T., tomb of,
378. " Castle," camp, 298.

Chapelry of Melksham, 299 ;
given to Salisbury. 377.
Geology. 296. Held by Earl

Harold, 300, 381. Hillwood,

298. Marditch, ib.
Mills, 301, 305, 377. Not in
Domesday, 299. Parish,

INDEX TO VOL XXXIII.

445

Erlestoke — continued.

dimensions of, 295. Place-
name, 377—383. Eoads,
old, 296. Rom. coins, 298,

299. " Sands, Crate," 299.
" Sharp," 298. Stone coffin,

299. West Hill, 298.

Persons see Brouncker, H. ; Bul-
strode, T. ; Fitz Herbert fam. ;
Harold, Earl ; Knipe (Rev.), C. ;
Malesarz, J. ; Mandeville fam. ;
Newman, R. ; Watson-Taylor fam.

Erlestone. See Erlestoke.

[Herleston], co. Northants,

381.

Erlestune, co. Derby, ib.

Erlham [Earlham, Herlh'm, Jerl-

ham], co. Norf., ib.
Erlide, co. Staffs., ib.
Erlingeha', co. Glouc, ib.
Ermin Way, 328.

Ernie ped., 321. [107.
Erratic Blocks, Salisbury Plain, 106,
Errington, Gerard & Marg., 269.
Escorcheporc, 308.
Estbedwynd. See Bedwyn, East.
Estgarston. See Garston, East.
Eston. See Easton.
Estongrey. See Easton Grey.
Estrop (Highworth), Manor held by
de Mandevilles and Edington
Monastery, 303, 304. [418.
Esturmy [Scormy, Stormy] fam.,

Edith, 395. Hen., 394.

John, 392. Bich. de, 418.

Thos., 394.
Ethandune, 113, 328, 329, 355.
Eton. See Eaton.
Eudo, Viscount, 304.
Eugeniacrinus (Geol.), 91.
Evans, Miss, 410.
Everett, Alice, 66. Allen, 67.

Bertie, ib. Frank, ib.

Hen. R., ib. John, ib.

John F., obit, notice, 66.
Joseph, ib. Lawrence, 97.

Mary F., 66.
Eversley, deriv., 125.
Exeter, Castle, 306.
Exmouth, 304.
Fahey, Alf., writings, 83.
Fairley, Geo., 270.
Fairwood Ho. (Westbury), 329.
Falconer, J. P. E., 263, 265.
Farley Monument, Rom. Rd., 323.

co. Beds., 63. Persons

see Rokele, J.

Farley, nr. Bradford, 403. Per-
sons see Smyth, J.

Farms changing tenants, 1903, art.,
187.

Farnham, co. Dors., Common, 290.

Museum, 422.
Farquhar, Eliza M., 174. Rob., ib.
Farrant, John, 80.
Farrar, (Dean), art. on, 90.
Farthing[Ferthyng], Christina, 400.
Faulkner, C. L., " Poetry of Thos

Moore,'' noticed, 190.
Fawcett, J. W., writings, 81.

Sidney, obit, notice, 416.

Sidney (Mrs.), & Will., ib.
Fayr, John, 392.
Feasts, dates of, changed, 121.
Feet of Fines, 72—74, 182, 330,

420, 421.

Felawe, John, 402. Nich., 401.
Fells Leo (Geol.), 78.
Fern Ditch. See Vernditch.
Fernham (co. Essex), 382.
Ferour, Steph., 395.
Ferrers,Will., E. of Derby, 382.
Ferthyng. See Farthing.
Field names, 124, 126. See also

Braches ; Bury Acre ; "Chettle "

hole ; Cloutie's croft ; Copheap ;

Devil's parrock ; Gude-man's

field; Moot Hill; Pill ford;

Prior's pill ; The Quay; Sowthe-

more ; Whitelands.
Fifide. See Fyfield.
Figheldeane. See also Knighton.
Figsbury Rings, Rom. Rd., 323.
Filton, geology, 182.
Fipion, Edith, 395.
Fire-engines, old. See Malmes-

bury ; Wishford.
Fisher [Fysher], Herbert W., obit.

notice, 70. Rich, le (I. & II.).

389. W. (Canon) , 70.
Fisherton, 112. Geology, 184.
Fittleton Church, arts, noticed, 187.
Fitz (?), John, 401.
Fitz Herbert fam., of Erlestoke,

382. Herbert, 309. Joan,

308, 309, 310. Matthew, 309,

310.

Fitz Matthew, Herbert, 309.
Fitzmaurice, Lord Edmond, 76, 84,

189; ports., 321. 428.
Fitz Piers, Beatrice, 311. Geof.,

4th Earl of Essex, 303, 311.

Geof. [de Mandeville], 5th Earl

of Essex, 303, 311.

446

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

Fitz Warin [Fitzwarren], Hugh, I

388. W., 365.

Fitz William, John, 407.
Five Ash Lane, 117, 129. [191.
Fletcher, Mr., 50. Frank, port.,
Flint and Stone implements. See

America, S. ; Axminster ; Chis-

bury.

■ Haminerstones. See Stone-

henge.

Mauls. See Llandudno ;

Stonehenge ; Superior, Lake.

Rubber stones, 35, 430.

See also Eolithic, Palaeo-
lithic.

Knappers, modern tools and

work, don., 91, 95.
Flodden, battle of, 223.
Flory, John, 392, 394. Rob., 391.
Flycatcher, Pied, 419.
Folliott, J. A., port., 80.
Folly Farm, 326.

Lane, Rom. Rd., 325.

Fonthill, 174, 295, 421. Lace

collection, art. noticed, 185.

Persons see Morrison, Mrs. A.;

Shaw-Stewart, Sir M. R.
Fonts. See Chilton Foliat ; Cod-
ford St. Peter ; Durnford, Gt. ;

Durrington ; Norton Bavant ;

Southwick ; Stanton Fitzwarren ;

Yatesbury.
Forde (West Bedwyn), offenders

agst. Statute of Labourers, 396.
Persons see Croune, N.
Forde, Walt, de, 403.
Fordingbridge, 295.
Forester, John, 400.
Forests in Wiltshire, 418.
Forrester, Mr., death, 95.

Mrs., don., 196.
Forsfelde [Forfelde], 126.
Forst. W., 401.
Forster, Rob., 276.
Forsttebury, Thos. de, 394.
Forthheye, Agnes atte, 388, 389.
Fosbury Camp, Rom. Rd., 326.
Foss Gate, Rom. Rd., 323.

— Way, 322, 323.

Fovant, geology, 77.

Fowle, Hen. (Rev.), 66. Mary

F., ib.
Fowler, Will., 276.
Fox, Geo., 182. Humphrey le, 400.
Foxham, 409. Church, illust.,

321. Persons see Blake, Will.

le; Lupeyate,W. ; Webb, Roger le.

Foxham, Agnes, 401.
Foy, Walt., 270.

Frampton, Rich., Abbot of Mahnes-
bury, 230, 231. Rob.. Ab. of
Malmesbury, 230, 231.

Francis [Franceis, Franceyus,
Fraunceys], Cecilia, 388, 389.
Christina, 400. Geof., 399.

John, 398.

Franklin [Frankelayn], John, 392.
John (Sir), Vicar of Purton,
147, 152, 156, 214 et seq.

Free men, 394.

Freman, Rich., 401.

French [Frensche1, John, 403.
Kath. and Margery, 386.

Frome (co. Som.), Pre-Norman
stones, 179, illust., 178.

Fromond, Rob., 372.

Froxfield, 394. Somerset Hos-
pital, 343. Persons see
Carter, A.

Fugglestone, 312. Persons see

Taunton, S. J.

Fuller, G. P., 314.

Fullford. G., port., 80.

Fyfield [Fifide], offenders agst.
Statute of Labourers, 395.

Fynamore fam.. 321.

Fyrlyng, John, 393.

Fyshar. See Fisher.

Gage [GaggeJ, Rich., 228, 229.

Gakkan. John, 394.

Galant [Galaunt], Walt., 398, 400.

Galewe, Hen. le, ib.

Galley Hill, co. Kent,flint core, 133.

Games. SeeBumballpoopey ; Trap.

Gandavo, Sim. de, Bp. of Salisbury,
360, 368, 371, 372; letter to, 363.

Gar', John, 387.

Gareshurthe, 125.

Garsden, 429. Persons see

Washington. L.

Garston, East [Estgarston], offen-
ders agst. Statute of Labourers,
396. Persons see Weaver,

Thos. the.

Gatcombe valley, Rom. Rd., 323.

Gaunt, John, 409.

Gay, Rich., 403. Will., 399.

Geology, " of the Country around
Salisbury, "Clement Reid.noticed,
77, 78 ; erratic blocks, 106, 107 ;
fossil wood, 91 ; sarsen stones, 7,
30, 48. 51, 106. See also Glacial
action ; Jurassic Strata.

Gerard, Ch., 387.

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

447

Gere, Kich. atte, 400.
Gergrave, Hugh de, 392, 394.
Gerlington. See Yarlington, co.
Som.

Geruntius (King), 179.
Gerysche, Alice, 387.
Ghent, Sim. of. See Gandavo.
Gibbes [Gybbes], Hen., 405.

John (I., II., III.), 387.

Nich. (I. & II.), 403, 408.

Sim., 400.
Gibbons, Ellis, 80. Mary, 334.

Giffard, Elyas, 120.
Gillingham, 422.

Gillman[Gyleman,Gylemyn],John,
390. ' Walter (I. & II.), 404,
405.

Girlington. See Yarlington, co.
York.

Glacial action in Wilts, 136, 142.

Glass, stained. See Calne, Castle
Ho.; Durnford, Gt., Ch. ; Mere
Ch. ; Salisbury, Halle of John
Hall.

Glasse, Jeffery, 270.

Glaston Deverill— Longbridge Dev-
erill, 120.

Glastonbury Abbey, 118, 179; a
British foundation, 116 ; estates
bought by Sir John Thynne, 128 ;
property, 119, 124 ; survey of
estates, 125. Abbots of, See

Ambresbury ; Dunstan.
Lake Dwellings, 110.

Gleede [Glede], John, 216, 233.

Globigerina cretacea (Geol.J, 55.

Gloucester, Pre-Norman stones,
illus., 178. Rom. Rd., 327.

Earl of. See Clare.

Gloucestre, Walt, de, 361.

Goatacre (Hilmarton) Anti Corn
Law Meeting, 185, 318.

Gobray, John, 387.

Goddard fam. of Sedgehill, 73.

C. V. (Rev.), 95, 103, 108 ;

dons., 195, 196, 343, 348, 430,
431. Ed., will, 73. Ed.,

H. (Rev.), 96, 105, 106, 260, 336,
349, 356 ; arts, by, noticed, 184,
314 ; compiles index, 94 ; dons.,
195, 343 ; notes, 169, 170, 175 ;
on Avebury Circles, 103 ; on
Devizes, Borough Maces, etc.,
101 ; on Objects found at Box
Rom. Villa, 262—269 ; on Gold
Ring from S. Wraxall, 414;
on The Knowle Polish, 144 —

Goddard — continued.

145 ; reads paper, 353 ; writings,

86. Eliz., will, 73.

Frances, will, ib. John, 404.
Nich., will, 73. R. W. K.,

writings, ib.
Goddingchestiche, 126.
Gode. See Good.
Godrer, John, 398.
Godwin [Godehyne Godhyne], Will.,

401.

Goesberville (Normandy), 308.

Goffe. See Gough.

Goldney, F. H., don., 196.

Goldsmith, Thos., 216, 223, 233.

Gome, Hen., 392.

Gomeldon, Barrow, 410.

Good [Gode], Hen. (Dr.), 292—

294. John, 390. Rich.

le, 387. Will., 401.

Goodwyne, Wm., 320.
Goodyer, Hen., 276.
Gore Robbery Monument, 75.
Gore, Eliz., 182. Giles, ib.

Thos., 403.
Goschorn [Gosehorn], Will., 400.
Goshamwyk, Walt., de, 372.
" Gospel Oaks," origin of name, 320.
Goudreuen, Will., 409.
Gouey (Normandy), 305.
Gough [Goffe], John, 392.
Gouldney, Adam, 182.
Gowland, Will., 47, 50, 53; on

Excavations at Stonehenge, 1 —

62, 94.
Grafton. See Marten.
Graham, P. Anderson, 84.
Graly, Rich., 270.
Graunger, Matilda, 389.
Gras. See Le Gras.
Gratot (Normandy), 308.
Great Ridge Wood, Rom. Rd., 324.

Western Railway, 296.

Greene [Grene], Emmanuel, 76.

Marg., 269. Matilda,

293. Thos., 276. Will.,

279. 270.
Greenwell, Canon, 23, 46.
Grenyng, Will., 402.
Grey, de. See De Grey.
Grigour, John, 403.
Grime's Graves, co. Norf , deer's

horn picks and flint implements,

23, 24.

Grimstead, East, geology, 77.
Grittenham [Grutenham] , 409.
Persons see Belle, W.

448

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

Grittleton, 67, 323. See also

Dunley Farm. Persons Awdry,
Rev. E. C; Grosvenor, Lady O.

Grove and Penruddocke Rising,
71.

Grove, Lady, art. on, 340 ; port., ib.
Groveley Wood, Rom. Rd., 324.
Grueber, H. A., 27.
Grumbleton, Rom. Rd., 324.
Grutenham. See Grittenham.
Grymbald, Will., 400.
Gude-man's field, 127.
Guest, Dr., 112.
Guilds. See Devizes.
Guldelok, Hen., 406.
Gun Hill, co. Staffs., 128.
Gun's Church(Hill Deverill)barrow,

Woden legend, 115, 128.
Gurgenyle, Joan, 408.
Guj'ston [Gerardeston] , in Broad

Chalke, 175.
Gybber, Sim., 398.
Gybbes. See Gibbes.
Gyleman, Gylemyn. See Gillman.
Habur, Rich., 402
Hachard, Roger, 402.
Hackenye, John de, 372.
Haden, J. P., 349.
Hadleigh Ch., co. Suff., 421.
Hakers, Marges, 402.
Halle, Will, atte, 370.
Hallam, Bp. of Salisbury, tomb at

Constance, 421.
Hallatrow, deriv., 116.
Halman, Walt., 407.
Halsted, co. Kent, 185. Per-
sons see Ashe, E.
Ham, Hammes, deriv., 125, 126.
Ham, 313. Persons see Burder,

Rev. C. S.
Hametts, Alice, 391.
Hamilton, Lady, port., 421.

Alice S., 172. John, 312.

Laura J. C, ib. W. K.,

Bp. of Salisbury, 79, 172; port.,

80. Will. (Sir), 421.

Hamlyn, John, 213, 216.
Hamond, John, 403.
Handsex, Nich., 400.
Hankerton [Hangerton], 207.
Hanks, Hen., 332.
Hannington, 68. Persons see

Smeaton, Rev. J. B.
Harald, Thos., 403.
Harcouvt, Wm., 294.
Hardenhuish, 86. Persons see

Clutterbuck, E. H.

Harding, Adam, 370. Rob., 393.

Will., 388.
Hardy, John, of Box, 236, 240,

249, 252, 260, 262, 263, 348.

John, of Wanborough, 407.
Hardyng. See Harding. [102.
Harepath [Harput Way] visited,
Harewell, John de, 372.
Harman, J., 171. Marg. A., ib.
Harmer, Thos., 228. Will., ib.
Harnald, John, 388.
Harnham Bridge, 175, 292, 295.
Harold, Earl, held Erlestoke, 300,

381.

Harput Way. See Harepath.
Harrington, Hen., 294.
Harris, Renatus, organ builder, 80.
Harrison, Benj., 138. Hen., 276

W. Jerome, 50.
Hartigan, Rev. A. S., 335.
Harvey [Heruy, Herwy], Matilda,

409. Walt., Archdeacon of

Sarum, 372.
Havant, 67.
Hawfinch, 419.
Hawkins, Will., will, 420.
Hawyle, Rob., 387.
Hay [Heye], Alice, 394. (Lady)

Charlotte, 70.
Haydown Hill, Rom. Rd., 326.
Hayes [Hays, Hayse], John, 216,

219, 232, 233.
Haynes, Elias, 392, 394.
Hay ward [Hey ward], Thos. le, 389.

Will., 401.
Hazelbury (Box), 173.
Head, Hen., 276. Rich., ib.
Heale [Heyle], in Woodford, 269.
Persons see Errington, G. ;

Grene, W.
Heath Coppice, 289.
Heath, Maud, Monument and

Causeway. 75, 315, 321. Robert

S., 315, 322.
Heathcote, T. G. J., art. by, noticed,

330. Thos. J., 74.
Heddington [Hedynden], 316.

Church, illust., 321.
and Whetham, offenders

agst. Statute of Labourers, 401.
Persons see Ballard, R. ;

Bite Fynger, R. ; Hay ward, W. ;

Hopere, W. ; Morcye, J. ; Nywe-

man, R. ; Schort, J. ; Taylour, J.

Hedge ( ), 207.

Hele, Matilda. See Hole.
Helmerton. See Hilmarton.

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

449

Hemington, Eev. Charles, obit.

notice, 313.
Hempage Wood, St. Augustine in,

116.

Henderson, James, don., 195.

Heneage, Clement W.(Major), port.,
90. Gr. C. (Mrs.), 89.

Henlega, 124, 125.

Henry I., 79. II., and Becket,
tradition of, 121. III., 182 ;
arms, illust.,81. VIII. ,146, 151 ;
bust at Maiden Bradley, 355 ;
connection with Savernake, 418.

Henrys, Edith, 397. John, ib.
Rob., ib.

Henton. See Hinton.

Henton, John, 387.

Heord, Step., 401.

Heraldry, Church, proposed publi-
cation of, 348.

See also Arms.

Herbert, Lord, M.V.O., ports., 339.

(Lady) Beatrice, 88.
Beatrice (Lady), 339.
Charles, 228. (Lady) Diana,
314. Geo., ancient copy of

the "Temple," 85. Geo. S.

(Lord) [Hon. ?], port., 88. Leila
(Lady), 171. Michael, Hon.,
Sir, obit, notice, ib., port., 191.

Michael, G., 171. (Lady)
Muriel, port., 88. Sidney, 171.

Will., 3rd E. of Pembroke,
port., 177.

of Lea, Eliz. (Lady), 171,

art. on, noticed, 340. Sidney,
1st Lord, 171.

Herierd, Rich, de., 365.

Herleston. See Erlestone, co. Nor-
thants.

Herlh'm. See Erlham.

Hermann, Bp. of Ramsbury, 79.

Herne, John in la, 388. See also
Hurn.

Hernon, John, 387.

Herring [Heryng], Phil., 403, 407.

Herryll Stoke. See Erlestoke.

Hershurde. See Horsehurde.

Herterigg, John de, 367.

Hertford, Earl of, 73.

Heruy, Herwy. See Harvey.

Heryng. See Herring.

Ifesperis matronalis (Bot.), 181.

Heterostinia obliqua (Geol.), 91.

Hewse, Rich., 426.

Heye. See Hay.

Heyle. See Heale.

VOL. XXXIII. — NO. CII.

Heytesbury, 66, 171. Blind-
house, 75. Church, 119;
Becket's " slipper," 122 ; plate,
123; prebends in, 120.
Cloth-making, 129. Deriv.,
114. Granted to Salisbury
Cathedral, 119. Manor, 185.
See also Tytherington.
Persons, Ashe, E.; Everett, J. F.;
Hungerford fam. ; Moore fam. ;
Wheeler, H.

Barons. See A'Court.

Fam., art. noticed, 185, 186.

Hey ward. See Hayward.

Hickes, Roger, 402.

Hickman,Edw.,MS.on St. Nicholas
Hospital, 176.

Hicks-Beach, Sir Michael,ports., 90,
191.

Highleigh (Melksham), site of Aec-
glea, 329.

Highworth and Cricklade, Hundred,
Offenders agst. Statute of Labour-
ers, 386, 387, 397, 398.
See also Estrop.

Hildelyth, 177.

Hill Barn, nr. Rudge, Rom. Rd., 326.

Hill Deverill, 127. British
village, 110, 128. Church,
119, 120 ; dedic, 122 ; plate, 123 ;
registers, ib. ; visitation, 122 ;
wooden monument, 124.
Civil War, traditions of, 128.
See also " Devil's parrock"; Gun's
Church ; "The Quay." Persons,
Coker, Sir H. ; White, J.

Hill, Geo., 294, 295. J. Hamlyn
(Rev.), 330, 349. L. Raven,

art. on, noticed, 192.

Hilliker, Thos., 334.

Hilmarton,409. Church, illust.,
321 ; screen, ambulatory, and
rood loft stairs (figd.J, 318.
See also Goatacre. Persons,
Alerman, Alice ; Chesman, J. ;
Gaunt, J. ; Herwy, Matilda ;
Meregromes, Alice ; Mulleward,
John le ; Radenham, Isabella ;
Wegges, Alice.

Hilperton, 191, 429. Blind-
house, 75. Persons see Mann
fam.

Hindon, 130.

Hinks, Arthur R., writings, 188.
Hinton, 392. Pers ons see Craketail,

H. ; Macon, J. ; Stephenes, W. ;

Zouter, J.

2 I

450

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

Hinton, Little, charities, 187, 334.
Hippenscombe, in Tidcoinbe, 418.
Hoare, Hen., 79. Henry (Sir),

356.

Hobbes, Hen. and Joan, 398.

Thos., biography by Sir Leslie

Stephen, noticed, 419 ; port., 89 ;

works, 338.
Hobbs, Edm., 169.
Hobekyns. See Hopkins.
Hobhouse [Hobbus] Blissota, 390.
Hod, John, 394.
Hodding, Major, port., 428.
Hogges, .Ralph, 399.
Hoke, Joan and Nich. atte, 304.
Hole [Hele,] Matilda, 389.
Holgate, Clifford W., obit, notices,

68, 69, 95; work by, 339.
Holhurst, Bob., 394.
Holle, Hen., 399.

Holmes, Eliz., 186. J. Gr., writings,
189. John, 80. Leo. W.
(Sir), 186. Will., 271.

Holt, horseshoe found, 430.

Holte, Sir John de, 370, 373, 374.
Michael de, 403.

Hombre, Rich., 393.

Hommediewe, Will., 392.

Honte, Alice, 387.

Hooper, Thos. See Bennett, Thos.

Hoopoe, the, 65.

Hope, Elsie, 339. W. H. St.

John, 76.

Hopere, Hopers. See Hopper.

Hopkins [Hobekyns] , Will., 388.

Hopper [Hopere, Hopers] Edith,
401. Isabel, 406. Walt.,
401. Will., 406.

Horch, Rob., 392.

Horlock family, 126.

Hornby, Mr., 105.

Horneshalle, Joan, 390.

Horningsham Church, 119 ; dedi-
cation, 121; plate, 123; visitation,
122. Prebend in Heytesbury,
120. Views, 87.

Horput, Thos., 407.

Horsehurde [Hershurde], John le
and Will., 386.

Horseshoe, 430.

Horsley, Chavenage Chapel, 313.
Norton, Thomas (I. & II.),wills, 73.
Hosking, W. H., writings, 183.
Hour-glass, 317, 425.
Housell at Easter, refused, 208, 211.
Houses. See Berwick St. Leonards;
Bowood ; Chilmark ; Keevil,

Houses — continued.

Manor Ho. and Talboy's Ho.;
King John's Ho. ; Lake Ho, ;
Longleat ; Maiden Bradley ; Mere,
Chantry and Woodlands ; Pin-
hills ; Potterne, Porch Ho. and
Woodbridge Ho. ; Wilton Ho.

Howard, Hen., 270. Nich., ib.

de Walden (Lady), port., 89.

Howe Farm (West Dean) =Bently-
wood, 331.

Howler, John, 394.

Huddesfield, John, 273.

Hugall, J. W., 277, 279, 280.

Hugon, John, 402.

Huish, 418.

Hullavington, geology, 182.

See also Bradfield.
Hulse, Edith M. (Lady), 66.

Ed., 6th Bart., obit, notice, 65,

66. Ed. H., 7th Bart., 66.

Humphrey [Amfrai], Rich., 401.
Hungerford fHuggeford], 395.

Geology, 91. Illust., 187.

Hungerford fam.of Heytesbury. 185.

Anthony (Sir), 213, 216, 220.

Rob. (Sir), 320.
Hunt [Hunte], Phil., 407.

Hob, 271.
Hunter, Sir Rob., 77, 188.
Hupegate, Rob. atte, 402.
Hurdcott, 191.
Hurde, Will, le, 394.
Hurel, Edith, 395.
Hurley Monastery, 302.
Hurn, John in the See also Heme,

404, 405. [190.
Hussey, Rev. Eyre, works by, 85,
Hwiccas at Battle of Wanborough,

177 ; see of, 116.
Hycena crocuta (Geol.), 78.
Hyde, Ann, port., 429. Cathe-
rine, port., 89.
Hynset [Hynsete], offenders agst.

Statute of Labourers, 394, 395.
Persons see Vrondes, W. ;

Touneshend, Rich. atte.
Idmiston, Rom. Rd., 323, 324. [T.
Iford, 73. Persons see Horton.

Igtham Stone, 51, 57. [355.
Iglea [Aecglea], identified, 328,329.
Ilegh [Iley] Wood in Southleigh

Wood, 329. Site of Iglea, 355.
Ilton, co. Som., 272. Persons

see Poore, JE.
Imber, 295, 296. Tumuli, 298.
" ing" in place names, 114.

INDEX TO

Ingram, John (I., II.), 389.
Inlande. See Lacock.
Inman, Canon, don., 92.
Inoceramus mytiloides (GeoL), 91.
Ireland, A. J., pamphlet noticed,188.
Irmonger [Irmanger, Yrmanggere],

Agnes, 390. John, 391.

Rich., 390. Will, le, 395.

Ironwork made at Wootton Basset,

426.

Ivor, Long, deriv., 125.

Ivychurch, 185. Eolithic flints,
78. Persons see A' Court, P.

Jackes. See Jakes.

Jackments Bottom, Rom. Rd., 322.

Jackson, Canon, 125, 352, 421.
T., of Marlborough, port., 192.

Jacob fam., ped., 421.

Thos., will, ib.

Jagon, Isabel, 399. John, ib.

Jakes [Jaakes, Jackes], John, 151,
211—214, 216, 218, 219.

James II., Warminster plot, 353.
IV., King of Scotland, 223, 226.

Japan, dolmens, 31. Maul used
in, 26 ; figd., 25. Making
stone mortars, 32. Raising
large stones, 39. Transporting
large stones, 28, (jigd.), 29.
Sun-worship in, 45, 62.

Jay [Jayes, Jey, Jeye, Joy, Joye.
Joys], Bennet, 146, 147, 150, 155,
168, 199, 202, 205, 212—222, 229,
231. Eliz., or Isabel, 146,

147, 150, 152. 154—156, 167, 168,
199, 200, 202, 203, 208, 210, 212
—229, 231, 233—235.

Jeamiour, Hen., 400.

Jefferies, Rich., 430; arts, on,
noticed, 84, 186, 336 ; house and
grave, illusts., 342 ; ports., 340.

Jenkyns, Rich., 74.

Jenner, Capt., 102.

Jennings fam., 182.

Jerlham. See Erlham.

Jervoise [Jerveys], of Stratford
Tony, etc., art. on, noticed, 332.

■ ( ) d. of George, ib.

( ) of Kidderminster, ib.

Geo., ib. H. F. T., art. by,

noticed,^. Rich.,z7>.
Thos., builds house at Herriard,
ib. Thos., High Sheriff for

Hants, ib. Thos. (Sir), ib.

Tristram, ib.

Jessop, Ernest M., art. by, noticed,
184.

VOL XXXIII. 451

Jewel's " Apology," chained copy,
287.

Jews' wall, Longbridge Deverill,

deriv., 127.
Johnson, Miss, 105.
Jones, Mr., 291. Eliz. (Lady),

port., 429. Inigo, 42.

John, 387. T. Rupert, 51.

Thos., 392. Will. (Sir),

port., 429.
Joop, Walt., 408. Will., 388.

Jordan [Jurdan, Jurdanes] ( — ),

403. John, (I. & II.) 395, 402.
Jourdain, M., 185.
Joy, Joys. See Jay.
Judd, Prof. J. W., 7, 8, 106, 184;

on Rock-fragments, Stone-

henge, 47-61.
Jukes Browne, A. J., 77.
Julian, Will., 402.
Jurassic Strata cut by the South

Wales Line between Filton and

Wootton Bassett, art. noticed, 182.
Jurdan, Jurdanes. See Jordon.
Justice, John, 401.
Kardester, Kath., 389.
"Kathleen Mavourneen,"tune, 339.
Kauntelo. See Cantelow.
Keel, George, centenarian, 430.
Keevil [Keuel] 182, 295, 400.

Manor Ho., illusts., 342.

Norman pottery, 430. Roman

coins, ib. Rubber Stones, ib.
Talboy's House, illusts., 341.
Wick, 296. Persons see

Brouncker, R. ; Forester, J. ;

Marshall, Rev. E. S.
Kellaways Bridge, Maud Heath

Monuments, 75. Sundial,

illustn., 321.
Kendall, Rev. H. G. O., don., 430.
Kene, Thos., 399.
Kenefek, Agnes, 389.
Kennedy, Mrs., 410.
Kennet Avenue, visited, 103.

River, illustn., 181, 187. Val-
ley, geology, 142. ; Rom. Rd., 326.
Kent, Agnes de, 395. Will.,

273, 274.
Kentigern, Saint, 117.
Kenwalch, K. of Wessex, 178.
Kepenhull John, 394.
Kerry, Earl of, port., 339.

Elsie, Countess of, ib.
Kildare, deriv., 117.
King [Kyng, Kynges], Agnes, 389.

Amice, 408. Joan ib,

2 I 2

452

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

King — continued.

Jul', 387. Rich., 401,
Will., 391.

Kingsbirie, Hen., 270.

Kingsbridge [Kingsbrugge] Hund-
red, Offenders agst. Statute of
Labourers, 403—409.

Kingston Deverill, 113, 123.

Chapel of Mere, 119. Church,
120. Derivation, 114.

Population in 17th cent., 129.
Rom. Rd., 324. Persons see

Cornwall, Earl of.

Kington Langley, 173. Per-
sons see Cotes, C.

St. Michael, 67. Per-
sons see Awdry, Rev. E. C.

Kingston, J. W., don. 195.

Kingway Barn, geology, 182.

Kinwardstone [Kynewardeston]
Hundred, offenders agst. Statute
of Labourers, 392—397.

Kipling, Rudyard, port., 192.

Kite, Edward, arts, &c. by, noticed.
73, 74, 182, 187, 330, 421; on
Devizes Castle, 100.

Kjederquist, John, " Dialect of
Pewsey," noticed, 72, 420; don.,
431.

Knighton (Figheldean), Manor of,
269, 270. Woods, 325.

Persons see Coopper, T. ; Grene,
W. ; Martin, R. ; Poore, E. and P.

Knipe, Rev. dir., 299.

Knoll, Long, nr. Maiden Bradley,
124. Barrow, 325.

Rom. Rd., ib.

Knook, 429. British Settle-

ments, 110. Church, 119 ;

dedication, 121 ; plate, 123 ; pre-
Norman stones, 119, 179.
Persons see Searchfield, E.

Knowie, chert implements, 132, 141.
Flints, don., 195, 348; glacial
scratches on, 135, 138 ; polish on,
134, 135, 140, 143, 184, 430, note
by Rev. E. H. Goddard, 144—5.

Gravels, composition and
character of, 132. Palaeolithic
implements, age of, 138; exhib.,
108 ; Wm. Cunnington and
Wm.A. Cunnington, on, 131—
i38;S. B. Dixon on, 139—144.

Knoyle, East, geology, 77.

West, stocks, 75. [353.

Knubley, Rev. E. P., reads paper,

Koc, John, 399.

Kyndelewelle, Isabella, 388, 389.
Kyng, Kynge, Kynges. See King.
Kyngbrugge. See Kingsbridge

Kynny, Hen., 397. John, 387.

La Primaudaye, John C. (Rev.),69.
Maria M., ib.

Labourers, Statute of, offenders
against, 1349, Miss E. M.
Thompson on, 384-409.

"Lachere," trade of, 402.

Lackham (Lacock), 366, 369, 372,
373, 376. Chapel of, 364.
Lesser Horseshoe Bat found at,
169. Manor, 359, 360.

Persons see Baynard, E. ; Bluet,
Sir John.

Lacock, Abbesses, Johanna, 369 ;
Juliana, 367 ; Montfort, Joanna
de, 373. Abbey, 315, 359, 360,
361, 363; art. on, noticed, 82;
Lady Chapel, building of, etc.,
361, 363, 364 ; Letter to Crom-
well, 375—376. Advowson
and Rectory, deeds connected
with, 365—375. Blindhouse,
75. Church, 315, 361, 363-
365 ; art. noticed, 185 ; building
of, 360 ; dedication, 361.
Cockeleye, 367. Cross, 74.
Hinhoc, 367. Illusts., 82,

193, 321, 425. Inlande, 367.

Langley, ib. Monlesham, ib.

Rectors. See Dorinton, R. de ;
John; Longespee,N. Rectory,
Appropriation of. Rev. W. Q.
CIark=Maxwell on, 358—375.

Suthbiria in Asseleye, 367.
Vicarage, ordination of, by Bp.
of Salisbury, deed, printed, 374.

Vicars. See Bruton, R. ; Shar-
penham, N. Weteleye, 367.

See also Lackham. Persons,
Schryvenham, John de ; Shar-
ington, Mr.

Lacy, Margaret de, Countess of
Lincoln, 360, 368. Hen., Earl
of Lincoln, 360.

Ladd, Walt., 393.

Lake Ho., 416.

Lane, William, 224.

Lang. See Long.

Langanbeorgam, 124.

Langeley. See Lacock.

Langeluce, John, 399.

Langford, Steeple, Charities, 422.

Langley Burrell, Registers, art. on,
noticed, 186.

INDEX TO VOL XXXIII.

453

Langlynch, John, 393.

Lansdowne, Rom. Rd., 327.

House, art. noticed, 184.

3rd Marq. of, 96. 5th Marq,

of, 334; port., 192. Maud E„
Marchioness of, art. on, noticed,
ib. ; port., 329.

Larent. See Lawrence.

Larmer Grounds, 422.

Latton, Cross, 74.

Laverstock, deriv.,379. Eolithic
flints, 78.

Lavington, Bishops or West, 182.
Charity Enquiry, 335. Church
visited, 105. Persons see

Dauntsey fam.

Market, charities, 335.

Lavrok [Laurok], John, vagabond,
385, 404.

Lawfoll, Roger, 393.

Lawrence [Larent, Laurence, Lau-
rens], Isabel, 403. John,
390. Rob., Registrar, 226,

227. T. J. (Rev.), writings by,
427 ; reads paper, 355. Thos.,
(I. & II.), 271, 400.

Lawson, Edith M., 66. Edw.,
Bart., ib.

Le Gras, John, 402. Ralph, 370.

Roger, ib.
Le Mesnil Patry (Normandy) 307.
Lea, Herbert of. See Herbert.
Lear, Francis, Archdeacon, port.
80.

Leech, Eliza., 191 . John, H . . of
Hurdcott, his collection of butter-
flies, ib.

Leg-irons, Devizes, 343.

Lepidoptera {Entom.), 181, 419.

Lepus variabilis (Geol.), 78.

Leuce. See Luce.

Lewis, A.L., 20. Joan, 270.

Leyde, John, 276.

" Liberty, the," Brixton Deverill,
deriv., 123.

Liddington [Lyddington]. charities,
187, 334. See also Medbourn.

Lilishulle, John, 402.

Lillefount, Rob., 401. •

Lincoln, Rom. Rd., 322.

Benedict de, 367. Countess

of, Lacy, Margaret de, 360, 368.
Earl of. Lacy, Hen. de, 360.

Lisle fam,, 184.

Littlecote, Bitterns seen, 65,

Littlecote [Lytlecote], Walter de,
392, 394. William, 405.

Littlefield, near White Walls, Rom.

Rd., 323.
Littleton [Litelton, Lytelton], 392

399. Persons see Bordon, John;

Taillour, John le.
in Steeple Ashton, cloth

mill, 334.
Drew, 313. Pre-Norman

stones, illust., 177, 178 ; inscrip.,

179. Rectors. See Davis, Rev.

C. H. [296.

Panell (West Lavington),

Llandudno, mauls in ancient copper

mines, 26.
Llewellyn, Anna E., port., 191.
Lloyd, Col., 321. J. A. (Kev.),

356 ; dons., 92, 430 ; writings,

81, 423.
Lock [Lok], Rich., 394.
Lock-ups. See Blind Houses.
Lockeridge, 416. Sarsen stones,

106. Persons see Rebbeck,

Edm.
Lockinge, 84.

Lockyer, Sir Norman, on the Age

of Stonehenge, 44, 76, 188.
Lodres, 304.

Lombe, Alice, 393. Roh., ib.

London, Agnes and John, 407.
Will., 408.

Londy, John, 396.

Long [Lang, Lange, Longe] ( ),

402. Dr., of Mere, 357.

Adam le, 387. Edith, 407.

Edw., 271. Hen. (Sir), 213,

216, 220. James, Monument
at Lydeway, 75. Joan le,

387.' Lettice, 339. Matilda
le, 393. Victoria de Burg,

port., 89. W. H., arts,

on, 340 ; ports., 192, 429.
Walter (Capt.), port., 429.

Longbridge Deverill, 119, 125, 127,
128. Ale-feast, 126.

Church, 119; dedication, 120, 121.

=Glaston Deverill, 120.
" Jew's wall," 127. Uping-
ton, 114. Local names. See

Benchacre ; Blankland ; Bradde-
mede ; Crockerton ; Cuslei ; Fors-
felde ; Gareshurthe ; Goddingche-
stiche ; Ham ; Horlocks ; Lusti-
ggestrom ; Piddewllmede ; Sand-
vei ; Sulstiche ; Suthcampus ;
Rogediche; Tonfurlong; Wars-
combe ; Westcampus ; Wexing-
aker ; Woodleas. Population

454

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

Longbridge Deverill — continued.

in 17th cent., 129. Potley,

125. School, 1707, 123.

Persons see Bennett, Rev. F. ;

Parry, Will. (Vicar) ; Thynne fam.
Longespee, John, 393. Marg.,

Countess of Lincoln, 360, 368.

Nich., Bp. of Salisbury, ib., 367.
See also Salisbury, Earls

and Countess of.
Longford Castle, pictures sold, 173.
Longleat, art. noticed, 185.

Dipper seen, 65. Early

printed books, 353. Geo. III.

at, 335. Glastonbury deeds

at, 125. Illusts., 193, 341,

Wooden water pipes found, 353.
Looff, Robert, 391.
Lord's Hill (Longbridge Deverill),

114, 125.

. Wood Farm, Rom. Rd., 323.

Lotegarhala, Lotegarshall. See

Ludgershall, co. Bucks.
Lotes, Thos., 406.
Louis, St., arms, 81.
Loutry, John, 400.
Lovell, Mr., 291. John (L &

II.), 402, 405.
Lovibond, J. W., 416. [ton.
Low-side window. See Durring-
Lucas, J., reads paper, 355.
Luce [Leuce] , John, 392. Thos.,

387.

Luckington [Lokynton] , 388.

Blindhouse, 75. Persons see

Smyth, Nich. le.

Ludgershall Cross, 74.

[Lotigarhala, Lotegarshall],

co. Bucks, Church dedic, 63.
Hospital, ib. ; Seal of, Rev. Chr.
Wordsworth on, 63— 64V
Persons, see Rokele, Roger.

Ludlow ( ), 129. Lord,

port., 89. Will. H., 68.

■ Bruges (Miss), don., 91.

Hen. H., obit, notice, 68.

Lupeyate. See Lypiat.

Lush, E. J., 170.

Lusteshull, John, 398.

Lustiggesbrom, 125.

Lycopsis arvensis (Pot.), 181.

Lyddington. See Liddington.

Lydeway monument, 75.

Lydiard Millicent, 216, 219, 232,
233, 406. Cross, 74. Per-
sons see Beste, Julia la ; Hayes, J.

Lydney, co. Glouc, Rom. Villa, 232.

Lyl [Lyle], Thos. de, 404, 405.

Lyneham, 408. Church, bell

inscriptions, 318, 321. Exe-
cution of one Maskelyne, 318.

Illusts., 321, 341.
Persons see Gurgenyle, Joan ;
Rumboll, B. ; Wastel, Agnes.

Lypiat [Lupeyate], Will., 409.

Lyteman, Will., 395.

Mac Donagh, F., art. by, 335.

Machine Riots, 186, 334.

Machot, Matilda, 393. Wy-
burgh, ib.

Macion. See Macon.

Macleane, Rev. D., reads paper, 353.

Macmillan, Messrs., dons., 195, 431.

Macon [Macion], John, 392.
Phil., 408.

Madden, Miss G. S. A., 88.

Maddington [Maedenbeorgh], chari-
ties, 422. Cross, 74.
Deriv., 110. Persons see
Bennett, Rev.F.; Peacock,Rev.E.

Magneville, places of that name, 302.

" Maiden," in place names, 110, 333.

Maiden Bradley, 90. Art. on,

noticed, 333. Blindhouse,
75. Church, sepulchral slabs,
354; visited, ib. Deriv.,
110, 333. Field names, 126.

Geology, 333, 354.
House visited, ib., 354.
Leper Hospital, 354. " New

Inn," visited, ib. Priory, 354 ;
Chapel, dedication, 333.
Rom. Rd., 325. See also

Knoll, Long. Persons see

Biset, Manasser and Margaret;
Chamberlaine, Rev.E. ; Compton,

Mr. ; Ludlow ( ) ; Somerset,

Duke of.

Maiden Earley, 380.

Maildulbh [Meldum, Meldun], at
Malmesbury, 177, 178.

Maisterion, John, 395.

Malesarz, Julian, 308.

Malet, Alex., 2nd Bart., 312.

Charles, 1st Bart., ib. Edw.
B., 4th Bart., ib. Hen. C. E.,
3rd Bart., obit, notice, ib.
Laura J. C. (Lady), ib. Vera
H., ib.

Malmesbury, 11 8, 146, 152, 156, 200,
202, 203, 214, 220—224, 226—
235, 332. Abbey, arts, on,

noticed, 83, 189, 333, 334; exca-
vations, 349 ; founded, 116 ;

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

455

Malmesbury — continued.

illusts., 83, 177, 333; old fire-en-
gine, 341 ; plan, 334 ; restoration,
83, 179; screen, heraldry, 334.

Abbots of, 300. See a^oCamme,
Rich. ; Frampton, Rich. ; Framp-
ton,Rob. Basilica, 178. Blind-
house, 75. Chnrches of St.
Andrew, St. Lawrence, St. Mary,
St. Michael, SS. Peter and Paul,
178. Cross, 74; illust., 83.

Hundred, offenders agst.
Statute of Labourers, 390, 391,
400, 401. Name, deriv. and

various spellings, 178, 355.
Pamphlet, 331, 343. St.
John's Hospital, inscrip., 75.
Stronghold of Britons in 6th cent.,
177. Persons see Aldhelm,

St. ; Bakewyt, Elys ; Barbour,
Joan ; Benet, Christina ; Blank,
W. ; Bochel, W. ; Corston, R. ;
Edewyne, Agnes ; Grymbald,W.;
Hanks, H. ; Jeamiour, H. ; Lau-
rence, J. ; Laurens, T. ; Michel,
Joan; Parys, T. and W. ; Purye,
Will, atte ; Russel, Edith ; Smyth,
Thomas (I. & II.) ; Uphulle, J.
and R. ; Washburne, T,

Will, of, 177, 178.

Malweyn, Rich., 398.

Mandeville (Calvados), 302.

-[Maundeville], of Essex,

fam., 301—304, 311 ; ped., ib.

of Essex, Aaliz de, 311.

Agnes de, 303, 311. Amice
de, 311. Athelais de, 302,311.

Beatrice de, 303, 311. Bene-
dicta de, 304, 311. Ernulph
de, 303, 311. Felicia de, 311.
Geof. de (1), 302, 311.
Geof. de (2), 1st E. of
Essex, 302, 303, 311,382. Geof.
de (3), 2nd E. of Essex, 303, 311.

Geof. de (4), 5th E. of Essex
[Fitz Piers], 303, 311. Geof.
de (5), of Bratton, 303, 311.
Geof. de (6), of Bratton, 303, 304,
311. Geof. de (7), 303, 311.

John, 304, 311. Lece-
line,302,311. Ralph de(l),

303, 311. Ralph de (2) of

Bratton, 304, 311 . Ralph de
(3), of Bratton, 304, 311.
Rich, de, 302. Rob. de (1),

303. Rob. de (2), 311.

Rob. de (3), of Bratton, 304, 311.

Mandeville — continued.

Rohese de, 311. Thos.
de, 304, 311. Will, de (1),

Constable of Tower of London,
302, 304, 311. Will, de (2), 3rd
E. of Essex, 302, 303, 311.
Will, de (3), of Bratton, 304, 311.

of Wessex, fam., 300—302,

304—309, 310, 382, 383 ; ped. ,310.

of Wessex, A. de, 308, 310.

Geof. de (1), 304, 305, 310.
Geof. de (2), 305, 310.
Joan de, 308, 309, 310.
John de (Sir), 305. Mabilia
de, 307, 308, 310. Marg. de,

305, 310. Rob. de, 305, 310.
Roger de (1), 304, 305, 310.
Roger de (2), 307, 310.
Roger de (3), 300, 305—310, 383.

Step, de, 300,301,305—307,
310. Will, de, 308, 310.

Mangenel, Alex, 389. Cecilia, ib.
Mann, Anna E., 191. R,, 240,

257. W. J., 191. Will.

H. and Mrs., ports., 429.
Manningford, geology, 91.
Manningford Bohune, 176.
Manton, 430. Persons see

Keel, G. ; Taylor, A. [372.
March, Earl of, 382. Yvo de,

Marden, cormorants seen, 65.
Offenders agst. Statute of Labour-
ers, 399.
Marditch (Erlestoke), 298.
Mareys, John, 276.
Mariot, John, 393.
Marlborough, 427. Armed
Association, art. noticed, 187.
Ch. of St. Peter, 187. Col-
lege Chapel, 186; illusts., 193 ;
Nat. Hist. Soc. Reports noticed,
1902, 181—182, 1903, 419-420.

Cunetio, Rom. Rds., 102,
325,326. Grammar School arcs,
noticed, 84, 181 . Illust., 187.

"Landmarks, Old," Canon
Wordsworth, noticed, 423.
Pied Flycatcher seen, 419.
Prior of St. Margaret's, 396, 397.
Town Hall, art. noticed, 84.
" Wig-curlers " found, 421.
Persons see Fletcher ; F.
Jackson, T. ; Mylne, L. G. (Bp.).
Marrubium vulgare (JBot.J, 181.
Marsh, A.E. W., " Hist, of Borough
and Town of Calne, etc.," noticed,
314—322, 422.

456

INDEX TO "VOL. XXXIII.

Marsh [atte Masche], Bob., 399.

Marshall [MarschalJ, Kev. E. S.,
" Plant-Notes," art. noticed, 337.
Emma, novel noticed, 183.
John, 392.

Marshwood, co. Dors., 305.
Persons see Mandeville, de.

Marston (Worton), 182, 295, 296.

Persons see Brouncker, H.

Marten [Merton] (Grafton), offen-
ders agst. Statute of Labourers,
396. Rom. Rd., 326.

Persons see Blond, A. ; Carpenter,
E. and R.

Martin, Rob., 270. Thos., ib.

Martinsell Hill, geology, 139, 141,
142.

Maskelyne ( ), execution of, at

Lyneham, 318. Nevil Story,

48, 52—54, 59, 84, 93, 143 ; arts,
on, noticed, 340 ; on Stonehenge,
107.

Maskerel, Rob., 175.

Maslin, as surname, meaning of, 128.

Mason, John, 401.

Massinger, Phil., works, 339.

Matcham, Miss M. E. Eyre, on
Cranborne Chace, 289—295.

Maton, Leo., 275, 276.

Maubye ( ), 216, 218.

Mauduc, John, 387.

Maundeville, See Mandeville.

Maureward, Ralph, 387.

Mawe, Dinicia le, 402.

Mawnorl, John, 396.

May, MaryF., drawings by, 315, 321.

Mayde, John, 390. Thos., 387.

Maysi, Edith, 393.

Meade, John, 271.

Medbourn [Medebourn], in Lidding-
ton, 407. Persons see Hal-

man, W.

Medeburne, Matilda, 393.

Medlicott, H. E., 105 ; dons., 91,
92, 196, 343, 348 ; note, 169 ; re-
signs post of Hon. Gen. Sec. ,98, 99.

Meghyndon, 406. Persons see

Chepman, Margery.

Melcombe Regis, co. Dors. Black
Death, 384.

Meldum, Meldun. See Maildulbh.

Melissa officinalis (Pot.), 181.

Melksham, 300, 381. Church,
186 ; given to Salisbury, 377.
Common rights, 74. Erle-
stoke a chapelry of, 299.
Forest or Blackmore, 74.

Melksham — continued.

Hundred of, 297 ; offenders agst.
Statute of Labourers, 402, 403.

Place Ho., 73, 421 ; coat
of arms, 182 ; illusts., etc. ,ib., 330 ;
owned by Selfe fain., 182.
Stocks, 75. See also Cadley ;
Highleigh Common. Per-
sons see Brouncker fain. ; Castle-
haven, Earl of ; Gore, G. ; Harold,
Earl ; Heathcote, T. J. ; Jenkyns,
R. ; Selfe fam.

Melsome, G. E. K., port., 89.

Mendip Hills, Rom. Rd., 325.

Mercer, Richard, 391.

Merden. See Marden.

Mere, 73, 92, 169, 430.
Chantry Ho. visited, 357.
Church, 81, 423; glass, 122;
Saxon work, 119 ; visited, 356,
357. Cross, 75. Deri-

vation, 112, 114. Down, 113,

Field-names, 126.
Illusts. noticed, 423. Wood-
lands Ho. and Chapel, visited,
357. See also Charnage.
Persons see Goddard, Ed., Eliz.,
Francis, and Nich. ; Lloyd, J. A.
(Vicar) ; Long, Dr.

Mere, Matilda le, 395. Roger
le, ib.

Meregromes, Alice, 409.
Mere wether, ped., 321.
Merton Abbey, co, Surrey, 421.

co. Wilts. See Marten.

Messenger, John, 151, 202, 212.

Mete, John, 400.

Meteorology, 420.

Methuen, Lord, Lt.-Gen., 186; art.

on, noticed, 85: ports., 89, 191,

339.

Meux, Sir H. B., 103.

Meyrick, E., 169.

Michel [Mighel], Adam, 403.

Joan, 391.
Microtus nivalis, M. ratticejjs

(Geol.), 78.
Middle Hill (Box), 173.
Middleton, offenders agst. Statute

of Labourers, 395. Persons

see Mere, Roger le.
Midghall [Mychall], in Lydiard

Tregoze, 225. Persons see

Prater, Alice.
Midsummer Eve, fires on, 115.
Mighel. See Michel.
Mildeby, Rob., 401.

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

457

Mildenhall, Bom. Ed., 326.
Mill [Mylle], Will. (I. & II.), 400.
Millington, Hen. and Will., 192.
Mills, Will., 399.

Milston, 270, 275, 276. Per-
sons see Addison (Dean) ; Forster,
R. ; Maton, L.
Milton Lilborne [Myleton Lyle-
bone], 394. Persons see

Rodevyle, A.
Milward [Muleward Mulleward],
Alice le, 391. Isabel, 387.

John (I. — IV.), 390—392,
396, 409. Margery, 396.

Nich.,401. Ralph, ib.
Will, le, 396.
Minety Church, brass, 184.

Pre-Norman fragments, 75, 179.
Moberly, Alice S., 172. Geo.,
Bp. of Salisbury, ib, ; port., 80.
Rob.C. (Rev.), obit, notice,

172.

Mochet, John, 396.
Molyn. See Mullins.
Monasteriis, Herb, de, 305.
Monckton, H. W., on Stonehenge,
184.

Monks (Corsham), 85. Persons
see Danvers, J.

Monkton Deverill, 123, 125, 128.

Deriv., 113. Owned
by Glastonbury, 119. "Pill
Ford," 115. Population in

17th cent., 129. "Tippling
Philosopher " Inn, 130.
Persons see Thynne, Sir J.

Monkton Farleigh Priory owned
mill at Box, 241.

Monlesham. See Lacock.

Monmouth, 228.

Monroe Priory (France), 308.

Montacute Priory, cartularies, 300,

305, 307, 377 ; property at Erle-
stoke, 300, 301.

Montagu arms, illusts., 332, 333.

Sir John, tomb, illust., ib.

See also Salisbury, Earls of.

Montebourg Abbey, cartulary, 305,

306, 309 ; property, 304, 307, 308.
Montfort [Moundfor], Johanne de,

373. Walt., 387.

Monthermer arms, illusts., 332, 333,
Monumental inscrips. copied by T.

H. Baker, 96, 347.
Moore [More] fam., 185.
( ) wife of Thos. (Jun.),

274. G. P., ib. Jasper

VOL. XXXIII. — NO. CII.

Moore — continued.

(Sir), 185. James, 147—149,

152—154, 199, 201, 204, 207—210.
John, 274. Jonathan,

ib. Mary, ib. Thos.

(I.&II.),^. Thos. (III.), 185.
Thos. (poet), grave, arts.

noticed, 335. Will., 274.

Moot Hill (Norton Bavant), 113.
Morgan's Hill, Rom. Ed., 326, 327.
Morris [Moryce], John, 401.

Will., art. on, 340; port., ib.
Morrison, Mrs. A., 185. Doro-
thy, art. by, 339. J. A., 349;

ports., 89, 428. J. A. (Hon.

Mrs.), ports., 89.
Mortimer, co. Salop, 382.
Mortimer, Agatha, 397.
Morton, Will., Earl of, 382.
Mortynaux, Roger, 406.
Moryce. See Morris.
Moryn, Rich., 393.
Moundfor. See Montfort.
Mourcele, Thos. de, 403.
Muleward, Mulleward. 6eeMilward.
Mullens, T. A,, 421.
Mullins [Molyn], Geo. (Rev.), 236,

237, 238, 240, 246, 247, 250, 252,
Leticia, 393.
Mulne, John atte, 407.
Munday, Will., 286.
Mutuantones. See White Walls.
Mychall. See Midghall.
Myleton Lylebone. See Milton

Lilborne.
Mylle. See Mill.

Mylne, G. L. (Bp.), 190 ; don., 195 ;
port., 192.

My odes torquatus (Geol.), 78.

Nadder [Adder], R., 292, 295.
Rom. Rd. crosses, 325.

Nappere, Rich, le, 396.

Neel, Thos., 397.

Nehou (France), 304.

Nelson, 1st Earl, 421 ; " Relics, &c,"
noticed, ib. (Lady) Charlotte,
ib. Horatio, 3rd Earl, 314 ,

port., 428 ; writings noticed, 86;
421. Mary J. D., Countess,

obit, notice, 314. Will., 2nd

Earl, 421.

Neote, Nich. le, 392.

Nethemor, Joan, 390.

Nether Worfton. See Wroughton.

Netheravon, 330. Persons see AVal-
ton, I.

Netherhampton, crosses, 75.

2 K

458

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

Neuroptera (Entom.), 419.

Nevill, Thos., 272.

New Down, 289.

Newall, K., S., don., 343.

Newburgh arms, illust, 333.

Newbury, illust., 187.

Newe, Sibill le, 394.

Newhouse, 289. Persons see

Matcham, Miss M. Eyre.
Newman [Nyweman], Kob., 301.

Roger, 401.
Newsham, 64.
Newsholme, co. York, ib.
Newsom, ib.

Newton, South, Eom. Rd., 324.

■ Toney, 312. Persons see

Malet fam.

Nicholas, J., 205.

Nonant, A. de, 308, 310.

Noreys. See Norris.

Normanton, 73. Persons see Tren-
chard, F.

Normanton, Earl and Countess of.
See Ellis.

Norris [Noreys], Margery, 395.

Norton Bavant, 124. Barrows,
110. Church, 120; bell,

medieval, 122: font, 119.
Deriv., 112. Early settle-

ments, 113. Rom. villas

near, 111. See also Moot Hill.

near Malmesbury, 400, 421.

Persons see Gere, Rich, atte ;
Jacob, fam. ; Reygnald, J. and W. ;
Stephen, W.

Noyes fam., ped., 330.

John, ib., 421.

Nunton, 416. Persons see Stephen-
son, Sir Aug.

Nytare, Ela, 389.

Nyweman. See Newman.

Oare [Ore], 72, 399, 418.
Geology, 91.

Odames, Margery, 394.

Odstock, 312, 379. Persons see

Taunton, S. J.

Ogbourne [Okeburn], offenders agst.
Statute of Labourers, 388.
Rom. Rd., 326.

St. George, 313. Per-
sons see Blythe, Rev. R.

Oldbury Camp, illust., 321.

Geology, 91. Hill, British

drinking cup, ib.

Oldland, John, 206. [309.

Olonde (Normandy), 302, 305, 306,

Orchard, Edw. and Joan, 391. !

Orcheston St, George, charities, 422.
St. Mary, 182. Persons

see Brouncker, H. ; Streeter, Rev.

G. T. P.
Orchis pyramid alis fBot.J, 181.
Osbarn, Roger, 389.
Osmund, St., canonization, 276 ;

rite, 331.
Ostrea Gregaria fGeol.J, 91; O.

Marshii, ib.
Oteley [Wootely], Rich., 217, 223.
Otheville (Normandy), 308.
Ottley, Rev. R. L., 337 ; writings by,

86. Mrs. R. L., 337.

Overton, West, 416. Rom.Rd.,

326. Persons see Rebbeck, E.
Ovibos moschatus fGeol.J, 78.
Oxford, Earls of. See Vere, De.
Page, John, 394.
Pageham, Agnes, 395.
Paget, Beatrice, 339.
Paiers, Edith, 407.
Painter fam., 72.

Paintings, mural. See Durnford,
Gt. ; Durrington.

Palaeolithic flint implements. See
Knowle.

Palgrave, Eliz. (Lady), 415.

Francis (Sir), ib. Francis T.,
ib. Grace (Lady), ib.

Reginald F. D. (Sir), don., 92 ;
obit, notice, 415 ; " Oliver Crom-
well, etc.," noticed, 71, 72; port.,
842. William G., 415.

Palles, Margaret, 396.

Palmer [Palmere], E. R., port., 192.

Edith, 400. Gladys,
428 ; port., 340. John, 408.

Thos., 395. Walt.
(Sir), ports., 80, 428.

Pansett Forest, 176.

Papet, Christina, 408.

Parham, J. Nowlson, obit, notice,
416.

Parker, Nich., 220.

Parkeria sphoeriea fGeol.J, 91.

Parry, Dorothy O., verses, 85.

Will. (Rev.), 123.
Parsons [Persone], Mr., 186.

Rob., 409. W. F., art. by,

noticed, 336.
Parys, Alice, Thos., and Will., 390.
Passmore,A.D.,108,414; don., 195,

343; on Antiquities discovered

nr. Swindon, 104.
Patney, 296. Offenders agst.

Statute of Labourers, 399.

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

459

Patric [Patrick] fam., of Caen, 307,
310; ped., 310.

( ) ib. Beatrice, ib.

Chalderia, ib. Hugh,
ib. Joan [Johanna], 308, 309,
310. Mabilia, 307, 308, 310.

Matilda (I., II.), 310.
Patric (I., II.), ib. Ealph
(L), 307, 310. Ealph (II.),

310. Rob., ib. Will. (I.),
307, 310. Will. (II., III.,

IV.), 310.

Paveley, Sir Walt, de, 370, 373, 374.

Pavior, John, 399.

Peacock, Edward (Jun., Kev.), obit,
notice, 70. Edward (Sen,,

Eev.), ib.

Peak's Down, Rom. Rd., 327.

Pemberton, Mrs. Leigh, 66.

Pembroke, Beatrice L., Countess,
ports., 88, 191, 340. 14th
Earl, port., 428. Geo., 11th

Earl, 314.

Pennings on the Downs, age of, 127.

Penny, Rev. R. G., reads paper,
355.

Penrose, F.C., on age of Stonehenge,
44, 76.

Penruddocke, Charles, Mrs., and

Connie, ports., 89.
Penselwood, 329, 355.
Peocesham, 124, 125.
Pepper. Box Hill, Cross, 75.
Percehaye, John, 373, 374.
Perceval, S. G., don., 195.
Perie. See Perry.
Peris, Constance, 407.
Perry [Perie, Perye, Pyrry], 148,

152, 199, 204, 208.
Persone. See Parsons.
Pertwood, Lower, Rom. Rd., 324.
Tumulus, ib. See also

Knoll, Long.
[Pery, Perye.] See Perry.
Peschone, Will., 393.
Peter's Pence, 123.
Petherfcon, South, co, Som., Rom.

Rd., 322.
Petre, Dr. Will., 375, 376.
Petrie, W. M. Flinders, 32.
Pettes, James, 291.
Pewsey [Peuesey], 131, 393.

Blindhouse, 75. " Dialect,"

by John Kjderquist, 431 ; noticed,

72, 420. Offenders agst.

Statute of Labourers, 394.

Walton's shop, 342. See also

Pewsey — continued.

Broomsgrove Farm. Per-
sons see Brasier, W. ; Chamflur,
Juliana ; Dixon, S. B. ; Hod, J. ;
Page, J. ; Scmyt, R. ; Stormy, T.

Vale, geology, 91, 139, 141.

White Horse, 82.

Philip, John, 407.

Philipps ( ), port, of Crabbe by,

192. Elsbeth, 89.

Violet, 89.

Phillips, John, 47, 53, 54, 59.

Phymajplectia Scitula (Geol.), 91.

Pickett [Picot, Pykot], John, 398.

Rob., 393. Will., 389.

Piddewllmede, 125, 126.

Pierys, Alice, 387.

Pigeon-house, Avebury, 102.

Pile, John, 287.

" Pill " in field names, 115.

Pill ford (Monkton Deverill), ib.

Pinhills (Calne), 321. Persons
see Blake fam.

Pinne, Felise, 389.

Pinu, Herbert de, 305.

Pitcher [Pycher], John, 387.

Pitmead, 113. Rom. villa, 111.

Pitt Rivers, Lieut.-Gen, A. L. F., 23,
109, 268 ; collection at Oxford,
art. noticed, 84.

Plaitford, 416. Persons see

Veitch, J. L.

Plate, Church, date of conversion of
chalices into com. cups in Wilts,
321. $<?<?Boyton; Calne; Codford
St. Mary and St. Peter ; Devizes ;
Heytesbury; Hill Deverill ; Horn-
ingsham ; Knook ; Tytherington;
Upton Lovel ; Westbury.

Corporation. See Devizes ;

Wilton ; Wootton Bassett.

Pleystow [Pleistoue], Edith atte,
393, 396. [91

PlocosypJiia labyrinthica (Geol.),

Pobelles, Joan, 389.

Poertona, Will, de, 365.

Pole. See Poole Keynes.

Pollen, J. Hungerford, obit, notice,
69. Maria M., ib. Rich.
ib.

Polley. See Pulley.

Pollock, Alice, 66.

Pomme, Joan, 389.

Ponting, C. E., 96, 101, 102, 104,
422; on Durrington and Durn-
ford Churches, 277—288 ; writ-
ings, 189.

2 k 2

460

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

Ponyter. See Pointer.

Poole Keynes [Pole], 400.
Persons see Deye, J.

Poore, E. (Sir), 272. Eliz., ib.

Edw. (I. & IL), 270, 271,
272, 275. John M. (Sir),

272. Marg., 271. Nina,
port., 89. Phil. (1. & IL),

270, 272, 273, 276. Kich.
(Bp.), 81. Kich. (Sir), 272.

Venetia [Phoenicia], ib.

Pope, Joan, 393.

Porter, Adam, 388.

Portlane, nr. Stratford-sub-Castle,
325.

Porton, Prehistoric interments,
E. A. Rawlence on, 104, 410 —
414. Rom. Ed., 324.

Portway, the, Rom. Rd., 323.

Pory, Cecilia, 388, 389.

Potley, 125,

Potterne,74,182. Charities, 187.
Church, font, 105. Geology,
91. Porch Ho., visited, 105.

Visited, 104. Woodbridge
Ho., illust., 342. See also

Worton. Persons Bodington,
E. J. (Vicar) ; Brouncker, H. ;
Hornby, Mr. and Mrs.; Rich-
mond, G.

Potteries at Crockerton, 125, 130.

Pottery, Bellarmine jug, 91.

British, Cinerary urns. See

Porton. Drinking cups, 337.

Medieval. #eeDevizesCastle.

■ — Norman. See Keevil.

Roman andRomano -British.

See Box ; Broomsgrove Farm ;
Deptford ; Durobrivce ; Stone-
henge.

■ Thuribulum, 42.

Poulette Brass, at Minety, 184.

Poulshot charities, 187. Church,
art. on, 82. Green, 420, 423.

Illusts., 82, 420, 423.
Persons see Fisher, Rev. H. W.
(Rector) ; Walton, Isaac.

Poulton Bown,nr.Ogbourne, Rom.
Rd., 326.

Powell, J. U., Local Sec, 350, 356;
on Early Hist, of Upper Wylye
Valley, 104, 109—131; reads
paper, 355. T. H., 133;

dons., 91, 195, 348.

Powlett of Herriard fam., 332.

Sir Rich., ib.

Powning, Will. C, obit, notice, 313.

Poynder, Lady Dickson, art. on,

192 ; port., 339. Sir John

Dickson, port., 429.
Poynter [Ponyter], Rob., 388, 389.
Poywyl, Clarice, 387.
Prat, Agnes, 388. John, 392.

Prater, Alice, 225.
Precy [Precie, Presse], John, 147,

152, 156, 168, 200, 202, 203, 206,

214, 215, 218.
Prehistoric Interments. See Porton.
Pre-Norman sculptured stones. See

Bath ; Bradford ; Camel, W. ;

Codford St. Peter ; Colerne ;

Doulting ; Frome ; Gloucester ;

Knook ; Littleton Drew ; Minety ;

Ramsbury ; Rowberrow ; Wan-
tage.

Prentice, John (Dr.), 67.
Susannah, ib.

Presse. See Precy.

Preston Down, 289.

in Lyneham, 408. Per-
sons see Swenes, Sibilla la.

Prestwich, Sir Joseph, 51.

Preusser, Miss, 173.

Prevost, Dr., 48, 54.

Prince [Prynce], Will, le, 390.

" Prior's Pill," 115.

Prower, Maude, art. noticed, 338 ;
don,, 343.

Pudelenham, 124, 125.

Pudnell Farm, 296.

Pullen, Hen. W. (Rev.), obit, notice,
312. Will. (Rev.), ib.

Pulley [Pollev] ( ) . See Harmer.

Ambrose, 146, 147, 156, 168,
200, 214—217, 220—223, 225—
227, 233. Edm., 146, 147,

156, 168, 200, 214—218, 220—
223, 225—227, 233. Eliz. or
Isabel. See Jay. Jane. See
Richmond alias Webbe.
Giles, 146, 147, 156, 168, 200,
214—223, 233, 234. Marg-
aret, 146, 147, 156, 168, 200, 202,
203, 214—218, 220—228, 231—
235. Rich., 146, 147, 156,

168, 200, 202, 203, 214—235.

Purnele, Edith and John, 401.

Purs, Isabel, 407.

Purton, 66, 146—148, 151—153,
156, 168, 199, 200, 202, 203, 205,
206, 208, 211—235. Case in
the Star Chamber, 145—168,
199—235. Church, Image

of St. George in, 151,155,168,204,

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

461

Purton — continued.

et seq. Cross, 75. En-

closure Acts, 182. Hill, 234.

Sowthemore, ib. Stoke,
379, 422. Persons see Ayle-

worth, J. ; Bradley, J, ; Brayne,
W. ; Brewer, N. ; Browne, G. &
T. ; Brydges,Sir Edmund, Henry,
& John ; Calfey, J. or E. ; Dow-
deswell, A. ; Dyer, Sir J. ; Ed-
ward, J. ; Eles, T. ; Franklin,
Sir J. ; Hayes, J. ; Hedge, ( — ) ;
Jakes, J. ; Jay, Benet, Isabel, or
Eliz. ; Lane, W. ; Manbye, (— ) ;
Messenger, J. ; More, J. ; Old-
land, J. ; Otely, K. ; Parker, N.;
Perye, ( — ) ; Preceye, J. ; Pulley,
( — ) ; Ambrose, Edm., Eliz., or
Isabel, Giles, Jane, Marg, and
Rich. ; Reed, Gabriel and Rob. ;
Robbyns, W. ; Rychyns, R. ;
Smith, ( — ), Agnes, and Thos. ;
Telling, W. ; Ware, J. ; Webbe,
Jane ; Wevying, J. ; Wykeham
Martin fam.

Purye, Will, atte, 400.

Puteville (Normandy), 308.

Pycher. See Pitcher.

Pykot. See Pickett.

Pyl, Hen., 388.

Pyleschene, John, 394.

Pylk, Thos, 403.

Pym, John, port., 321.

Pynk, Agnes, 388.

Pynson, John, 407.

Quaker Birth Records, 72, 73, 182,
330, 420, 421.

Quarley Hill, Rom. Rd., 323, 324.

Quay, the, 115.

Radenham, Isabella, 409.

Radnor, 4th Earl, 173. 5th E.,
port., 192. 6th E., 186 ;

ports, 192, 428

Rakings, Hen., 287.

Ralf. See Rolfe.

Ramsbury, 368, 369, 429.

Bishops of, 79. Church, 87 ;

art. on, 83. Hawfinches
seen, 419. Illusts., 83, 87,

419. Old Mill, 419. Pre-

Norman stones, 75, 83, 177—179.

Persons see Jones, Lady
Eliz., Sir Will. [372

Ramsbury, John, 219. Will, de,

Ramsey, Sir Andrew, 54, 59.

Randolf, Hugh, 387, 397.

Mangifer tarandus (Geol.), 78,

Raven Hill, L., 86.

Rawlence, E. A., on Prehistoric

Interments at Porton, 104, 410

—414.
Rawlin, Stephen, 377.
Rawnsley, Rev. H. D., 188.
Ray, John and Margaret, 271.
Reade, Hannah, 270. Hester,

271. Will., 270, 271 ; and

w., 270.

Rebbeck, Edm., obit, notice, 416.
Rectories, appropriation of, 359 ;

origin of, 358, 359.
Redlynch, 416, 417. Persons see

Alexander, E. ; Robinson, O.
Redvers, Baldwin de (Earl), 301,

305, 306. Rich, de, 304.
Reed [Rede, Reedes], Gabriel, 147,

199, 204, 206, 207, 209, 216, 218.
Rob., 211.
Reedemore, Hugh, 401.
Reeve, J. A., 177.
Rehoboth as place name, 127.
Reid, Clement, " Geology of the

Country around Salisbury,"

noticed, 77, 78. John and

Sarah, 67.
Renaud, Canon Will., obit, notice,

76.

Rendell, Frank, obit, notice, 417.
Rewe, 402. Persons see Butcher, J.
Reynolds [Reygnald, Reyngnald],

John (I. & II.), 391, 400.

Sidney, H., writings, 182.

Walter, Archb.,363. Will.,400.
Rhinoceros antiquitatis {Geol.), 78.
RJilyiolophiis liipposideros (Zool.),

169.

Riborgh, John, 397.

Ricardstone, in Winterbourne Bas-

sett, 392. Persons see Mars-

chal, J.
Rich [Ryche], Phil., 319.

Wal., 404.
Richard the cobbler, 405, 406.
Riccards, alias Rickets, John, Phil.

and Will., 271.
Richmond, Allen, Earl of, 382.

G., 105.

alias Webbe, Chris., 224.

Jane, ib. Will., 223.

Rickets. See Riccards.
Ridge, Geology, 77.
Ring, Gold, found at S. Wraxall,

Rev. E. H. Goddard on, 414.
Ring ouzel, nest, 181.
Ringsbury Camp, 379.

462 INDEX TO

Kivers [Ryvere Ryvers], Lord,

Eights in Cranbourne Chase, 289

—292. Edith, 395.

Margaret, 393. Thos. de la,408.
Road, Murder, 422.
Road Hill, 70. Vicars. See

Peacock, E.
Roads, ancient, Erlestoke, 296 ;

Great Ridge Wood, 124, 125;

Groveley Wood, 112 ; Harepath,

102.

Robbins [Robyns], John, 389.

Mills (Rev.), don., 431. Rich.,

389. Will., 203, 213, 217—

219, 234.

Roberts ( ), 289.

Robinson, Alfred, 84. Oct.,

obit, notice, 416.
Roca Mill, 308.
Rocks, the, nr. Bath, 421.
Rodbard, Miss, port., 90.
Rodbourne [Radborne], Cheney,

225. Charities, 187.

Church, art. on, noticed, 81 ;

restored, 96. Persons see

Pulley, 11. ; Sayer, Edith and Rob.
nr. Malmesbury 69, 391.

Cross, 75. Persons see Bluet,

J. ; Pollen, R.
Roddenbury, murder, 334.
Rodevyle, Adam, 394.
Rodway, Steph., 422.
Rogediche, 126.

Roger, Canon of Heytesbury, 120.
Bishop of Salisbury, 74.
Priest, 307. Son of Geoffrey,
365.

Rogers [Roggers] , family, 184.

John, 387. Richard, 398.

W. H. Hamilton, writings,184.
Roggerant, John, 401.
Rokele, John, 63.

Rolfe [Ralfl, Alice, 66. John
(I. & II.), 387, 388. Rob.
(Rev.), 66.

Rollestone, Charities, 422.

Roman Bronze Fibula. See East-
erton. Coins, 195, 239. See
also Atworth ; Box ; Broken-
borough; Cheverell, Gt. ; Chit-
terne ; Erlestoke ; Keevil ; Stone-
henge.

Glass windows, 239.

Gold ring, 336.

Interments, 239.

Marbles, foreign. See Box,

Silchester, Wraxall, N.

VOL. XXXIII.

Roman Opus Signinum, 249, 251.
Pavements. See Box, Ciren-
cester.

Pottery, 239. See Box,

Bromsgrove, Cologne, Silchester,
Woodyates.

Pits. See Chilmark, Corton

(Hilmarton).

Roman Roads in Wilts, by T.
Codrington, 322—328 ; ages of,
328 ; ancient authorities on, 322.

Foss Way, 322, 323.

Old Saruni to Badbury, 325.
Old Sarum to Silchester, 323,324.

Old Sarum to the West, 324,
325. Old Sarum and Win-

chester, 323. Silchester to

Speen and Bath, 326, 327.
Speen to Gloucester, Ermin Way,
327, 328. Winchester to

Cunetio, 325, 326. See also

Bath ; Cirencester ; Crofton Hill ;
Silchester ; Tottenham, etc.

Villas, structure of, 239.

See Bath ; Bedwyn, Gt. ; Bignor ;
Bishopstrow ; Box ; Colerne ;
Ditteridge ; Lydney ; Norton
Bavant ; Pitmead ; Tottenham ;
Wheatley ; Woodchester.

Romano-British conditions of life,
110, 111.

Villages. See Rotherley;

Rushmore ; Woodcuts.
Romayn. See Rumming.
Romsey, 389.
Romyas, John, 408.
Rood lofts. See Compton Bassett.
Rood Ashton, 429. Persons see

Long,W. H., and Walt. (Capt.).
Ropere, Cristina le, 387. Nich.

le, 393, 394. Will, le, 396.

Roscumbe, Lambert de, 367.
Roser, Will., 407.

Rotherley, Rom. -Brit, village, 267.
Roundway, 193. Geology, 91.

Rous. John le, 370. [178.
Rowberrow, Pre-Norman stones,
Ruddle, Rev. C. S., don., 343; on

Durrington, 269—276.
Ruddock, Geo., 334.
Rudge, Rom. Rd„ 326.
Rudham, Nich. de, 367.
Rumboll, Bryan, 318.
Rumming [Romayn], Phil., 403.
Rushall [Rusteshale], 67, 272, 400.

Offenders agst. Statute of

Labourers, 399. Persons see

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIIL

463

Rushall — continued.

Dry, Kev. T. ; Kok, J. ; Poore,
Sir E.

Bushrnore Lodge, 294. Eom.-
British village, 268. S. Lodge
Camp, 422. Walk, 291.
Persons see Hill, G.

Russel, Edith, 400.

Rusteshale. See Rushall.

Rutley, Mr., 53.

Rybury Camp, 102.

Ryche. See Rich.

Rychyns, Rob., 218.

Rykelote, John, 390.

Ryvere. Ryvers. See Rivers.

Sadler, J,, don., 196.

St. Alban's Head, St. Aldhelm's
Chapel, 178.

St. Lo, John, 319.

St.-Maur-sur-Loire (France), 75.

St. Maur, H., " Annals of the Sey-
mours," noticed, ib. Tho.
de (I.), 393; (II.) 397.
(Lady) Ulrica F. J., 314. See
also Seymour.

St. Maurice (France), 308.

St. Sauveur Abbey, 304, 305 ; car-
tulary, 306. Nigel, Baron
of, 304.

Salisbury [Saylberg],66— 68,70, 83,
85—87, 89, 120, 122, 190—192,
195, 279, 312, 313, 339, 340, 360,
368, 371, 372, 398, 415—417, 427,
429. " A Discovery by Sea,

etc.," John Taylor, noticed, 81.

Arts, on, noticed, 80, 81,
84, 336. Avon R., 176.

Bishops of, 232, 362 ; seals, 421 ;
Richard, 377; Robert, 367, 374;
Roger, 74; William, 367. See
also Barrington, Shute ; Beauch-
amp, R. ; Bingham, R. ; Corner,
Will, de la; Denison, Ed. ; Gan-
davo, Simon de; Hallam, R. ;
Hamilton, W. K. ; Longespee, N. ;
Moberly, G. ; Walter, H. ; Ward,
S. ; Wordsworth, J. ; Wyville, R.

Canons of. See Battle,
Rich, of; Bello, Rich, de ; Ber-
nard, E. R. ; Carpenter, H. W. ;
Fisher, W. ; Hackeneye, John de ;
Renaud, W. ; Wordsworth, C.

" Cathedral, armorial glass
in," Rev. E. E. Dorling, noticed
81 ; art. noticed, 80 ; Chant
Book, noticed, 81 ; Corona-
tion Service, noticed, 183 ; illusts.,

Salisbury — continued.

80, 183, 336, 341 ; Montagu mon-
ument, art., 333 ; organs and or-
ganists, 80 ; property of, 119, 269,
272 ; Rock's " Church of our Fa-
thers " noticed, 331 ; spire, arts,
noticed, 81, 183, 341. Chan-
cellor, Robert, 367. Chapel
of St. John Baptist, 175.
Ch. of St. Edmund, ib. Ch.
of St. Martin, 176. Ch. of

St. Thomas, 183. City
boundary, report, noticed, 80.

Crosses, 75. Deans
of, William, 367. See also Boyle,
G. D. ; Poore, R. (Bp.) ; Wanda ;
Webb, A. B. (Bp.) Earldom
Island, 176. Geology, art.

noticed, 184 ; memoirs of Geol.
Survey, noticed, 77, 78.
Guide to, noticed, 180, 181.
Halle of John Hall, glass, art.
noticed, 332, 333. Harnham
Bridge, 175, 292, 295. Il-
lusts., 80, 88, 180, 181, 194, 420,
423, 426. Maps, noticed,

336, 341. Museum, 183, 336,
422. Pamphlet, noticed, 181.

Plain, 295; falconry, art. on,
82 ; geology ,77, 106 ; map noticed,
80. Precentor, Roger, 367.

St. Edmund's School, 186.

St. Nicholas de Vaux, Col-
lege of, 175, 176. St. Nicholas'
Hospital, " Fifteenth Cent. Car-
tulary," Ch. Wordsworth, noticed,
175—177, 330; Forms of Ad-
mission, etc., noticed, 183; illust.,
177 ; seals, ib. Theological
College, 172 ; art. on, noticed, 79,
80. Treasurer, Edmund, 367.

" Under Salisbury Spire,"
noticed, 183. Persons see

Alexander, E. ; Azo ; Baker, S.
(Rev.) and T. H. ; Banks, Benj.:
Blackmore, Dr. H. P. ; Bond, J, ;
Brittan, E. J. and Mrs.; Bull,
Rev.T.F.; Carter, Letitia ; Coote,
Eyre ; Corfe, A. T. and J. ;
Everett, J. F. ; Farrant, J. ;
Fawcett, S. and W. ; Fisher, H.
W.; Folliott, J. A.; Fromond, R.;
Fullford, G. ; Gibbons, Ellis ;
Hodding (Major); Holgate, C.W. ,
Holmes, J. ; Hulse, SirE. ; Lear,
F. (Archdeacon) ; Moberly, Rev,
R. C. ; Montagu, Sir J. ; Palgrave;

464

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

Salisbury — continued.

Sir E. F. D. ; Palmer, Sir W. ;
Poore family ; Powning, W. C. ;
Pullen, Rev, H. W. ; Smith, G.
and R. (Rev.) ; South, C. F. ;
Stephenson, Sir A. ; Veitch, J. L. ;
Walton, Iaaac ; Wise, M. ;
Worth, R.

Earl of, 382. Alianora,

Countess of, 365. (Longespee),
Ela, Countess of, 366, 367 ; seals,
illus., 177. (Longespee),
Will., 2nd Earl of, effigy, illust.,
177 ; voyage, 335. (Longe-
spee), Will., 3rd Earl of, 360.

(Montacute), John, 3rd
Earl of, 333. (Montacute),
Will., 1st Earl of, ib.

Salisbury, Mr., 289—294.

Sambucus Ebulus (Bot.), 329.

Sand-polished stones, Egypt, 144.

Sand Street [Sandvei], 155. 126.

Sandridge, 74. Persons see

Castlehaven, Earl of.

Santingfield (Picardy), 63.

Sarsen Stones, fossils found in, 48,
51 ; nature of, 7, 30, 51 ; not
found near Stonehenge, 106. See
also Stonehenge.

Sarum, Archdeacons of. See Azo ;
Heruy, Walter ; Lear, Francis.

Old, fall of, 112; Geology,
184 ; Rom. Rds., 323—325.
"Tunes," 82, 183. Sub-
Deanery of, monumental inscrip-
tions copied, 96, 347. Use
of name, 420.

Satel, John, 399.

Saunders, Hugh, 400.

Savernake, flint implements. See
Knowle. Forest, boundaries,
418 ; geology, 137, 142 ; illusts.
and maps, 181, 419 ; perambula-
tions of the Bailiwicks, 418.
Rom. Rd., 326. Persons see

Ailesbury,Ch., 3rd Earl ; Esturmy
fam. ; Seymour fam. ; Somerset,
Duke of, Protector.

" Wolfhall,etc." W.Maurice

Adams, noticed, 417 — 419.

Sawter, Henry, 393.

Sawyer [Sawyare] , Adam le,
409.

Petronilla, 393.
Saxon objects. See Stonehenge.

Place names inWylye Valley,

112.

Saxon work in Churches. See Ave-

bury ; Bishopstrow ; Bradf ord-on-

Avon ; Calne ; Mere.
Say, Beatrice de, ne'ede Mandeville,

311. Beatrice. See Fitz Piers.
Geof. de, 311. Will.

de (I. & II.), 311.
Sayer, Edith and Rob., 225.
Saylbergh. See Salisbury.
Scanes, Mr., reads paper, 354.
Schail, Walt., 401.
Schaldeborn. See Shalbourne.
Schaldebourne, John, 392.
Scharesh, Will, de, 394.
Schomberg, Arthur, 331 ; arts, by,

72, 73, 420; dons., 92, 195, 343,

431 ; writings, 423. E.C.,

don., .196.
Schon, Walt., 387.
Schort. See Short.
Schryvenham, John de, 367.
Schullebull', Joan, 401.
Schuppester, Joan, 394.
" Schuppestre," trade of, 395.
Sclattere. See Slater.
Scmyt. See Smith.
Scormj'. See Esturm}'.
Scots Poor, Rom. Rd., 325.
Scott [Skot], Agnes, 401. G.

Forrester, 336.
Scratchbury, deriv., 114.
Screens, Stone. See Compton Bas-

sett ; Hilmarton ; Malmesbury ;

Stockton.
Scryueyn [Stryveyn], Matilda, 405.

Will., 406, 409/
Scude, Rob., 402.

Seals. See Bush, Paul. Calne,
Borough of. Ludgershall.
Salisbury, Bps. of ; Ela, Countess
of; St. Nicholas' Hospital.
Wilton Corporation.

Searchfield, Emilie, art. on, 429.

Sedgehill, 73. Cross, 75.

Persons see Goddard fam.

Seend, 68, 182, 240, 300, 307, 330,
420, 425. Chapelry of Melk-
sham, 299. Charities. 187.

Geology, 91. Persons see
Bell, W. Heward ; Brouncker,
H. & R. ; Cherbourg, De, fam. ;
Dugdale fam. ; Ludlow Bruges,

, H. H.

Selewode, Hen., 401.
Selfe arms, illust., 74; fam., 73,
Selfe, ped., 330 ; wills, ib.
182.

INDEX TO

Selfe, Isaac (Jun.), 73. Isaac
(Sen.), 330 ; will, 182. Jacob,
will, 421. Thos., 330.

Selwood, 114, 116.

Selwyn, Rich., 228.

Seman, Roger, 393.

Semley, 129.

Sepulchral Stones. See Trowbridge
Castle.

Seven Bridges (Water Eaton), Rom.
Rd., 328.

Sex, Anna, 402.

Seymour fam., 418.

Jane, ib. John (Sir), ib.

" Seymours, Annals of the " by H.
St. Maur, noticed, 75.

Shaftesbury [Shaston], co. Dors.,
292,293. Abbey, 118; ex-

cavations, 86. Persons see

Good, Dr. H.

Shalbourne [Schaldeborn], 418.
Offenders agst. Statute of Labour-
ers, 396. Persons see Nappere,
Rich, le ; Tailor, R.

Sharington, Mr., 375, 376.
Elyanor, 276.

" Sharp." See Erlestoke.

Shaston. See Shaftesbury.

Shaw, 182. Persons see Brounc-
ker, H.

Shaw Lefevre, G„ 76, 188, 189.
Shaw- Stewart (Lady), Alice, 174.
Eliza, M. (Lady), ib,

Michael, 6th Bart., ib.

Michael, H., 8th Bart., ib.

Michael R., 7th Bart., obit.

notice, ib. (Lady) Octavia, ib.
Shayl [Shayle], John, 405. Phil.,

404, 405.
Shearwater visited, 354.
Shephurdes, Edith, 389.
Sherborne, co. Dors., 116, 178, 328.
Bishops of. See Aldhelm,

St. ; Asser.
Sherriff [Shirrerve], Agnes (I. &

II.), and Will., 389.
Sherrington, barrows, 110.

Church, 124. Maedenbeorgh,

deriv., 110.
Sherston, 389. Church and

figure of Rattlebone. Cross,

75. Persons see Fysher,

Rich. le.
Shinto cult, 45.
Shire Stones, 75, 425.
Shirrerve. See Sherriff.
Shonyn, Joan, 390.

VOL. XXXIII. — NO. CII.

VOL. XXXIII. 465

Short [Schort], John, 401.

Shrewton, 174. Blindhouse,
75. Charities, 422. Cross,
75. Hawking Club, 82.

Persons see Bennett, Rev. F.

Sichel, Walt., " Bolingbroke and his
Times," noticed, 82.

Sickles with teeth, 108.

Silbury, deriv., 104. Illust.,
etc., 321, 342. Rom. Rd., 326.
Visited, 103.

Silchester, foreign marble, 263.
Rom. painted plaster, ib. ; pave-
ments, 245 ; pottery, 266, 267 ;
roads, 236, 323,326; white metal
jug, 268.

Silcock, T. B., 342.

Silene Gallica (Bot.), 181.

Simondes [Symond], Agnes, 394.
John, 388.

Simpkins[Spinkes,Symes,Symkes],
Agnes, 148,199,204, 206, 208,210.

Simpson, Cecil, 409. [271.

Single Deane bottom (Durrington).

Sixteen Arch Bridge, 295.

Skarpenham, Nich., 364.

Skinner [Skynnere], Eva and
Ralph, 398. John, 402.

trade of, 403.

Skot. See Scott.

Sladen, Rev. C, 63.

Slater [Sclattere], Agnes, 388.

Slaughterford [Slaughtenford], Cy-
clone, 185. Etymology, 329,
330.

Sley, Will., 396.

Sloper, Mr., 103, 105.

Sloperton Cottage, illust., 321.

Slow [Slo], Edward, " Chronology
of Wilton," noticed, 78,79 ; don.,
92 ; pamph. noticed, 181.
Juliana atte, 401.

Smart [Smert], John, 406.

Smeaton, Rev. James B., obit,
notice, 68.

Smerenour, Matilda, 395.

Smert. See Smart.

Smith [Scmyt, Smyht, Smyth,

Smythes] ( ),213. (Mr.),

376. A. C. (Mrs.), don., 430.

A. C. (Rev.), 351, 352.
Agnes, 222. G. T., port., 192.

George, writings, 87.
Henry, 403. John (I., II., &

III.), 401, 403, 404. Matilda
le, 406. Nich. (I. & II.), 388.
Rich. (I. & II.), 391, 408.

2 L

466

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

Smith — continued.

Rob. (I. & II.), 393, 406.
Rocksborough, R. (Rev.), writ-
ings, noticed. 79, 80. Thos.
(I. — IV.), 223, 271, 400, 401.
" Thos. Assheton, Reminiscences
of, etc.," by Sir J. E. Eardley-
Wilmot, noticed, 331 ; port., ib.

Walt, le, 398. Will, le,

398. alias Addams, Will., 271.

Smoke Alley (Brixton Deverill),
deriv., 123, 124.

" Smokeacre," meaning of, 175.

Snow, Will., 74.

Sockes, Adam le, 394.

Solidago virpaurea (Bot.J, 181.

Somerford, 391. Persons see Kyng,
Will.

Gt., Church, restoration,

art. noticed, 335.

Somerham, Rich, de, 402.

Somerset, Dukes of, 421. Duke
of, " Protector," 418. 13th
Duke of, 314. 15th Duke of,

arts, on, 90 ; hospitality, 354 ;
port., 191. (Lady) Blanche,

port., 88. (Lady) Diana,

port., ib. Sarah, Duchess

of, will, 331. Susan, M.,

Duchess of, 193, 354 ; ports., 90,
429.

Somerset, Walt, de, 392, 394.
Somerton Erie, co. Som., 380.
Soumeter, Gilian, 395. [80.
South, Mr. 290. Charles, F.,

Southbroom, 182. Persons see

Brouncker, R.
Southleigh Wood, 121, 329. See

also Iley Wood.
Southwick [Suthwyke], 184.

Blindhouse, 75. Church,

fonts, 422. Persons see

Stafford fam.
Sowerby, James, 47.
Sowter [Zouter], John (I. & II.),

392, 394.
Sowthemore (Purton), 234.
Spackman [Spakeman, Speckman],

Rob., 271. Walt., 401. [327.
Speen, co. Berks, Rom. Rds., 326,
Spendlove. Will., 386.
Spermop7iilus erythroqenoides

[Geol.), 78.
Spierner, Roger, 402.
Spinkes. See Simpkins.
Sprot, Juliana, 389. Matilda,

387.

Spye Park Gateway, illust., 321.

Rom. Rd., 327.
Squibb, Jo., 270.

Stack Bottom (Winterbourne Gun-

ner),Rom. Rd., 323.
Stafford family, of Southwick, 184.
Stallybrass, Mr., 7, 35 ; excavates

at Chilmark, 349.
Standlynch, 314. Manor of, 269.
Persons, see Grene, Will. ;

Nelson, Mary, Countess of.
Stanley Abbey, 313.
Stanton St. Bernard, 399.
Stanton Fitz warren Church, art.

noticed, 189 ; font, ib.
Stanton St. Quentin, 173. [(Rev.).

Persons see Cotes, C, and C. G.
Staplefoot Walk, 291.
Stapleford Charities, 422.
Staundene, James de, 392.
Staunton, Rich., 395.
Stawnford, John, 396.
Steeple Ashton, 182. Blindhouse,

75. Cross, ib. See also

Littleton. Persons Brouncker,H.
Steepleton, co. Dors., 274.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, " Hobbes "

noticed, 419. Will., 400.
Stephens [Stephines], Alice, 403.

John (I. & II.), 392, 403.

Will., 392.
Stephenson, Sir Aug. F. W. K.,

obit, notice, 416 ; port., 429.

Mill, 266.
Sterne [Sturne], John, 397.
Stevenson, Will. H., " Asser's Life

of K. Alfred," noticed, 328—330.
Stier, Mr., 258.
Stifleg, John, 398.
Still, Anne, brass, 421.
Stitchcombe [Stotescombe], 395.

Persons see Lyteman, W.
Stoche. See Bradenstoke.
Stoches. See Erlestoke.
Stock, 320.
Stock, Will, de, 392.
Stockley, 320. Rom. Rd., 327.
Stocks, list of, 75.
Stockton, 112. British settle-

ment, 110. Church, 119, 120 ;

screen, 355. Rom. Rd., 324.

Stodlegh. See Studley.
Stodleghe, John de, 373, 374.
Stoke [Stoche, Stock], place-name,

deriv. and spellings, 378 — 380.

in Bedwyn, 379.

in Broad Chalk, ib.

INDEX TO VOL XXXIII.

467

Stoke, in Westbury, 380.

See Erlestoke.

Stoke Orchard, co. Glouc., 116.

Stoke Verdon, 379.

Stokenham, co. Devon, 309.
Persons see Fitz Herbert.

Stone bowls, Egyptian, method of
making, 32.

implements. See Flint and

stone implements. [349.

Stone, John atte, 392. Rob.,

Stonehenge, 83. Age of, 40 —

44, 188, 297. Anglo-Saxon
ornament (?) found, 28, 41.
" Architectural Discoveries of
1901 at," by Detmar J. Blow,
noticed, 75, 76. Arts., etc.,

noticed, 188, 336. Barrows
near, 297. Bluestones, 10,

62 ; composition of, 7, 8 ; contem-
poraneous with sarsens, 40 ; gla-
cial boulders, 60 ; legends con-
cerning, 39, 58 ; origin of, 78, 106,
184 ; number of, 56 ; shaping of
35, 36. Bones found, 20, 27.

Buckingham, Duke of, his
digging at, 20. Coins, 11, 13,
28. Committee for preser-

vation of, 2, 76. Copper
stain on sarsen, 19, 41, 43.
Deer's horn picks, 11, 16, 23, 27,
28, 43 ; illust., 62. Enclosure
of, -2, 3, 107, 347, 349 ; arts, on,
noticed, 76, 77, 188, 189.
Erection of stones, method of, 36
— 40. Excavations, mode

of conducting, 3—7 ; William
Gowland on, I— 6i, 62.
Fall of stones, 1899, 1 ; of Tri-
lithon, 41. Flint tools, 55.

Geology of district, 7.
Hammerstones, 7, 11, 12, 16, 17,
19,22,24,32,35,36. Illusts.,
62, 188, 193, 321, 336, 425.
Leaning stone, 8, 20, 62 ; how
originally erected, 17, 19, 36 ; re-
erection of, 2, 6, 105. Of
one date, 40. Petrology of,

7, 8, 47—61, 184. Plan,
1902, 43. Pottery found, 20 ;
Koman and British, 41 ; Thuribu-
lum, 42. Purchase of, sug-

gested, 76, 189. Purpose and
origin of, 44 — 46. Rock~
fragments found in the Exca=
vations, 1901, Nature and
Origin of, J. W. Judd on, 47—

Stonehenge — continued.

61. Boman coins, 11, 13, 27,
28, 41. Sarsen stones not

found on Salisbury Plaiu, 106.

Shaping and dressing the
stones, 30 — 36. Slaughter
stone, 30, 62. Solar temple,

44. Stone axes, 13, 17, 19,

22, 36. Stone mauls, 13, 17,

36, 39 ; description of, 25; (ficjd.)
24 ; used to shape the stones, 30.
Stone No. 68, groove on, 35.
Tenons and mortices,
methods of making, 32.
Toggle joints on lintels, 35.
Tooled surfaces of stones 15, 41 ;
(figd.), 33 ; how produced, 24, 35,
36. Trackway through,

diversion recommended, 2, 3.
Transport of the stones, 28 — 30.
Visited, 105—108.

Stonehouse, 228.

Stones, large, method of transporting
in Egypt, Japan, etc., 29; (figd.)
28.

Stormy. See Esturmy.
Stotescombe. See Stitchcomb.
Stour, R., 295.

Stourhead, Bristol Cross, 75, 356.

Visited, 1904, 356, 357.
Persons see Hoare, Sir H.

Stourpaine, co. Dors., Flint imple-
ments, 23.

Stourton Church visited, 356.
Cross. See Stourhead. See
also White Sheet Hill.

Stow, meaning of word, 378, 380.

Stowe, John, 394.

Stowell Lodge, view, 87.

Stradling, Elizabeth, 209.

Stratford-sub-Castle, 272.

Rom. Ed., 325. See also

Cold Harbour Farm. Per-
sons Poore, Eliz.

Tony, 332. Cooper's

Cross, 75. Rom. Rd., 325.

Persons see Jervoise fam.

Straton, C. R., lecture, 338.

Stratton St. Margaret, 397, 398.
Charities, 187, 335.
Rom. Rd., 327. Persons see

Archer, Hannah ; Riborgh, J. ;
Roggers, R.

Stratton, Will, de, 404.

Streeter, Rev. G. T. P., work by, 190.

Strete, co. Dev., 309.

Stryveyn. See Scryueyn.

2 L 2

468

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

Stuart, F. G. O., don., 195.

Studley [Stodlegh], offenders agst.
Statute of Labourers, 401.
Persons see Avene, W. ; Biddes,
Agnes ; Bygge, J. ; Compton,
Christina ; Dykere, R. ; Felawe,
N. ; Foxham, Agnes ; Godehyne,
W. ; Mason, J.; Mildeby, R. ;
Purnele, Edith & John ; Reede-
more, H. ; Schail, W. ; Waryn,
T ; Ywayn, R.

Sturminster Marshall, co.Dors.,176.

Sturne. See Sterne.

Suayl, John, 399.

Subter, Joan and Walt., 387.

Suchalestrete, John, 402.

Suffolk, Earl of, 340.

Sulstiche, 125.

Sun-worship in Japan, 45.

Sunning, 368.

Superior, Lake, stone mauls, 26.
Sure, Will., 389. [389.
Surrenden [Surendon], Margaret de.
Suthbiria. See Lacock.
Sufchcampus, 126.

Sutton Benger, 174. Blind-
house, 75. Persons see
Dawson, Rev. R.

Mandeville, 305.

Veny, 66, 67, 127, 416.

Barrows, 110. Church, Old,

119, 120. Deriv., 112.

Five Ash Lane, 117, 129.
Persons see Everett fain. ; Par-
ham, J. N.

Swan [Swon], Thos. le, 408.
Will., 393.

Swanborough [Swanbergh] Hun-
dred, offenders agst. Statute of
Labourers, 398—400.

Swayne [Swenes, Swenus], Alice,
387. H. J. F„ 79. John,
389. Sibilla la, 408.

Sweteappel, Rob., 402.

Swetelove, Nich., 403.

Sweteman, John (I. & II.) , 388, 392,

Swindon, 84, 191, 192, 340, 392.
404, 405, 407, 408. Antiqui-
ties discovered near, A. D. Pass-
more reads on, 104. Arts.,
etc., on, 186, 336. Illusts.,
87,342. Persons see Deacon,
T. H. ; Jefferies, R. ; Macion, P. ;
Morris, W. ; Nicholas the Car-
penter; Palmer, E. R. ; Prat, J. ;
Pynson, J. ; Romyas, J. ; Swin-
ford, Esther; Swinhoe, Ruby W.

Swinford, Esther, port., 192.
Swinhoe, Ruby W., port., 191.
Swon. See Swan.
Symkes, Symes. See Simpkins.
Svrnes [Symmes], John, 207, 210,
211.

Symond. See also Simondes.

Syiphosoma (Geol.) , 91.

Taberer, Thos,, 387.

Tailor. See Taylor.

Talbot, C. H., 349 ; on Amesbury

Priory, 73. William H. Fox,

82, 185.

Tannere, Alice, 401. Walt., 402,
Tannies, Isabella, ib.
Tannulle, Thomas atte, 401.
Tarrant Gunville, co. Dors., 289.

Persons see Venner ( ) ;

Tarrant [Tarente], Rob., 407.
Tasworth, 320.

Tatton Egerton, Hon. Mrs., 70.

Taunton, Silas, of Wick (Downton),
312. Silas J., obit, notice, ib.

Taverner, Adam, 398.

Taylor [Tailor, Taylour], Mr., Bap-
tist minister, of Calne, 320.
Agnes le, 391. Alec, of

Manton, 430. Alice, 394,

David le, 402. Edw.
le, of Wootton, 405. Hen.
(I.— III.), 387, 399, 402.
John, " A discovery by sea from
London to Salisbury," reprint,
noticed, 81. John (I. to

VII.), 391, 396, 399, 401, 402.
See also Bradley, John.
Matilda, of Tidcombe, 393.
Rich., (I. & II.), 396, 407.
Rob. le, 391. Rog.le,402.
Step., 393. Will, le, 398.

Teall, Mr., 49, 50, 55, 59.

Tedworth Ho., illusts., 331.

Teffont Ewyas, geology, 184.

Teintour, Will., 390.

Telling, Will., 211.

Tennant, Mrs. Edward, 191.
Pamela, poem by, noticed, 339.

Terebrarostra lyra (Geol.), 91.

Terebratula digona ( Geol.), ib.

Terry, Thomas, 401.

Tetbury, co. Glouc, 230. Per-
sons see Dyer, J.

Teutonicus, Joan, 308, 309, 310.
Theodore, 308, 31C.

Teynton, John, 386.

Tham, Matilda, 403.

Thatcham, illust., 187.

INDEX TO VOL XXXIII.

469

Theodore of Tarsus, 116, 118.

Thomas [Thommys], ( ), 403.

Louisa M., obit, notice, 417.
8am., ib.
Thomelyns. See Tomlins.
Thommys. See Thomas.
Thompson, Miss E. M., arts, by,

noticed, 330 ; on Offenders agst.

the Statute of Labourers, A.D.

1349, 384—409.
Thorald, Rich., 394.
Thornhill [Thornhull], in Clyffe

Pypard, 182, 407. Persons see

Averil, Alice andT.; Brounker,

H. ; Cook, Agnes & Walter; Lon-
don, Agnes & J.
Thorny Down, Eolithic flints, 78.
Three-field system, 271.
Thresher [Trecher, Thressher], Rob.

le, 387. Will, le, 395.
Thurnam, Dr., 48.
Thynne fam., 128.
(Lady Alice), 174.

Hen. F., 3rd Marq. of Bath, 313.

Hen. F. (Lord), obit, notice, 313,

314. John (Sir), 128.

(Lady) Ulrica F. J., 314.
Tidcombe [Tylecombe, Tytecombe],

181, 393. Offenders agst.

Statute of Labourers, 396.

Rom. Rd. near, 326. See

also Hippenscombe. Persons,

Lang, Matilda le ; Peschone, W. ;

Ropere, W.le; Tailor, J.; Taylur,

Matilda ; Ynglelond, W.
Tilshead, 182. Church visited,

105, Dyke, 111. Persons

see Brouncker, H. ; Johnson, Miss.
Tisbury, 129, 295. Cross, 75.

Geology, 77. Waer-

munds-tre, 114.
Tithes, Rectorial and Vicarial, 358,

359, 364. [195.
Tobacco Pipes, rack for cleaning,
Tockenham, 405, 408, 421.

Persons see Atte Hull, Lucy;

Jacob fam. ; Brounces, Agnes ;

Papet, Christina ; Wyron, W.
Todd, E., don., 430.
Tokens, 195. See Cold Harbour;

Wilton.
Tollard Royal Church, 422.

Deer hunting, 289, 290.

King John's House, 422.
Tomlins [Thomelyns], Will., 398.
" ton," place names ending in, 112,

113.

Tonfurlong, 125.
" Tonkere," trade of, 402.
Tonkere, John, 403. Thos.,406.
Toppin (Mrs.), don., 430. Geo.,

P. (Hev.), vicar of Broad Town,

96 ; dons., 196, 343 ; obit, notice,

314. Miles, ib.

Tottenham, Rom. Rd., 418; Villa,

ib. Persons see Bruce fam. ;

Seymour fam.
Tourpyn, John, 373, 374.
Townshend[Touneshend],f am. ,429.

Rich, ate, 394.

Trafalgar House, Nelson Relics,

arts, and illusts., noticed, 183,

184, 421.
Trap, a game, 115.
Treading the wheat, ib.
Tregonwell, Mr., 376.
Trenchard, Francis (I. & II.), wills,

73, 330. William, will, ib.

" Treow " in place names, 117.
Trepplin, E. C, excavates at Ave-

bury, 103.
Trilithon, in Japan, 45.
Trip, Hen., 405.
Tropenell Cartulary, 96.
Trotman fam., 271 .

Anthony, ib.

Trowbridge, 180, 420, 428.

Blindhouse, 75. Castle,

sepulchral stones found, 96.

Church, view, 192. Cross, 75.
Geology, 91. Hoopoe

seen, 65. Town Hall, 186.

Persons see Blake, H. ; Crabbe

(poet) ; Millington, H. and W. ;

Yerbury fam.
Trueman, Rev. H. J., " Sarum

Tunes," noticed, 82, 183.
Truper, Will., 398.
Tudbard, Alice, 388. Isabella, ib.
Tuddeworth, Alice and John, 393.
Turner, Dawson, 415. Eliz., ib.

Sir Will., 412.
Turnworth, 176.

Tut [Tute] , John and Roger, 402.
Twatly. See Brokenborough.
Tweedale, Marquess of, 70.
Tyburn [Tybourn], John, 404, 407.
Tydecombe. See Tidcombe.
Tyeler, Rich., 391.
Tylewene, Step., 393.

de la forde, John, ib.

Tynhide, John de, 370.
Tytecombe, Tytecoumbe. See Tid-
combe.

470

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

Tytherington (Heytesburv), 129.
Church, 119 ; plate, 123"
Prebend in Heytesbury, 120.

Tytherton, East (Bremhill), Mo-
ravian Settlement, 315; illust.,
321. Persons see Cennick, J.

Ubba, 113.

Underwode, Constance, 387.

Thos. I. & II., 387.
Upavon [Upaven, Upavene, Up-

haven, Uppavene, Upphaven],

72, 296, 400. Geology, 91.

Offenders agst. Statute of

Labourers, 398, 399. Persons

see Galaunt, W. ; Gybbes, Simon ;

Tayllour, Will, le ; Whyllepin,

Phil.

Upehull, John, 401.

Uphulle, Kich., 401.

Upinsrton (Longb ridge Deverill),
deriv., 113, 114.

Upton Lovell, 66, 427. Church,
119 ; plate, 123. Derivation,
112, 114. Persons see Everett,
Lt.-Col. J. F. ; Lawrence, Eev.
T. J.

Valewn, Rob., 402.

Vanne, Rob. atte, 390.

Vaspail, Thos., 391.

Vasterne Manor (Wootton Bassett),

art. noticed, 336.
Vaughan, Arth., " On the Jurassic

Strata, etc.," noticed, 182.

Geo. (Sir), 273. Richard

alias Asheton, 227, 228, 230.
Veitch, John L., obit, notice, 416.

Venner ( ), 289, 290.

Verdon, Rich., 399.

Vere, De, Earls of Oxford, 382.

Aubrey de, 311. Rohese de,ib.
Vernditch [Fern Ditch], walk, 294.

Woods, Rom. Rd., 325.
Verne, La. See Eastwick.
Verner, Mrs., 70.
Verwood, co. Dors., 295.
Vicars, origin of, 358, 359.
Vipount, Isabel de, 303.
Vode, Geof. and Isabel le, 395.
Vommere, Will., 398.
Vrondes, Walt., 394.
Vyncent, Geo., 403.
Wade, John. 393. [116
Waermund in place names,114 —
Wages. See Labourers, Statute of.
Wakeman, John, 398. M. J.,

Local Sec, 356.
Waldorne, Mr., 273.

Walewain, Rob., 402.
Waller, John (jun.), 397.
Wallingford, Hundred, offenders

agst. Statute of Labourers, 388.
Wallop, Agnes, 386.

Walsh ( ), M.P., 108.

WTalshe [Walsche], Elena le, 387.

Joan, 388. Juliana, ib., 389.
T., Prior of Bradenstoke, 318.
Walsingham, Edm. (Sir), 376.

Eleanor, ib. Elyanor, ib.

Will. ib.

Walter, Hubert, Bishop of Salis-
bury, 335.

Walton, Alan de, 392, 393.

Isaac, arts, on, noticed, 330, 336,
423; will, 420. Isaac (jun.),

330 ; will, 420.

Wanborough [Wambergh], 407.
Battle of, 177. Charities,
187, 334. Rectory of, 273,

Rom. Rds., 325,327,328.
Persons .veeCookes, Agnes ; Hardy
J. ; Horput, T. ; Peris, Constance;
Swon, Thos. le.

Wanda, Dean, his visitation, 122.

Wans House, Rom. Rd., 327.

Wansdyke, 316, 418; illust., 321;
Rom. Rd. joins, 327 ; visited, 102.

Wansey ( ), 129.

Wanstrow, deriv., 114, 116.

Wantage, Pre-Norinan stones, 179.

War, S. African, memorials, 186.

War, Chr., 287.

Ward, H. W., book by, 190.

Seth, Bp. of Salisbury, 330.

Wardour, 290. Castle, 341 ;

Siege, 129. " Signaculum "

found, 91. Vale of, geology,

77, 184.

Ware, John, 149, 154, 202, 211, 217
—219. John, Constable, 156,
168.

Wareham, Ch. of St. Martin, 178.

Warminster, 109, 127, 129, 429.
Bore Hill, 124. Church, 84 ;
11th cent, window 350 ; Halliday
Pew, ib. ; visited, ib. Common,
executions on, 334. Deriv.,
115. Flowers of district, 423,
General Meetings of the Soc.
at, 1856, 351 ; 1877, 350 ; 1893.
346; 1904, account of, 345 —
357- Geology, 91.

Obelisk, 75. Plot to kill James
II., 353. St. Deny's College,
art. noticed, 84. Views

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

471

Warminster — continued.

noticed, 341. See also Hey

Wood; Southleigh Wood.

Persons Wansey ( ) ; Welsh,

Rev. J. ; Powell, J. U. ; Wake-
man, M. J. ; Whytehead, Eev.
H. R.

Warren [Waryn], John, 394.

Thos., 401. Will., Earl of, 382.
Warscombe [Werescumbe, Wors-

combe], 115, 125, 126.
Warwick, Maud, Countess of, 303.
Rich., Earl of, the King-
maker, arms, illust., 332.
Thos., Earl of, 382.
Was, Rich., 392.

Washburne [Weshburn], Thos., 221,
222.

Washington, Lawrence (Judge), 429.
Wastel, Agnes, 408.
Water Eaton. See Seven Bridges.
Waterford, Marchioness of, ports.,

89, 340.
Waters, Geo., 286.
Watkins, Rob. T„ 422.

Watson ( ), 155.

Watson-Taylor fam., 83.

( ) Hon. Mrs. Tatton

Egerton, 70. ( ), Mrs.

Verner, ib. Arthur, ib.

(Lady) Charlotte, ib. Geo.,

M.P., 69. Geo. (Jun.), 70.

John, ib. ; on Erlestoke and its

Manor Lords, 295—309, 377 -

383. Simon, obit, notices,

69, 70, 83, 95. Victoria, 70.
W\\\.,ib.
Watydeene. See Whatynden.
Wayte, Alice and Nich. le, 398.
Weare, Ch., 270.
Weaver, Thomas the, 396.
Webb, Mr., murdered, 334.

A. B., Dean of Salisbury, port., 80.
E. Doran, 410, 411 ; lecture

by, noticed, 86. Edw. (Jun.

and Sen.), 271. John, 422.

Margaret, 271. Rich.,

(Rev.), 276, 277, 279.
Webbe, trade of, 402.
Webbe, Hugh le, 402. Jane,

148, 199, 204, 206, 208, 210.
John, 394. Margery, ib.
Reginald, 392. Rob. le, 399.

Roger le, 409. Will.,

149, 154, 202. See also Rich-
mond alias Webbe.

Webber, trade of, 388.

Webster, trade of, 395, 396, 402.
Wegges, Agnes, 409.
Welsh, Rev. J. F., art. on, noticed,
429.

Were, F., art. by, noticed, 334.
Werescombe. See Warscombe.
Werg, Rom. Rd., 326.
Weshburn. See Washburne.
West Dean. See also Howe Farm.
West Hill. See Erlestoke.
West ( ), 290.

Westbedewynd. #eeBedwyn West.
Westborne [Westbrooke], 206, 207.
Westbrook, geology, 91.
Westbury, 179, 296, 340.

Chalice formerly belonging to,

exhibd., 101. White Horse,

82. See also Fairwood Ho. ;

Stoke. Persons, Dugdale, Rev.S.
Westcampus, 126.
Westminster, 2nd Marq., 174.
Weston, Hen., 80.
Westrigg, Savernake Forest, 418.
Westroup, Rob., 404, 407.
Westwood Ch., heraldry, illust., 182.
Weteleye. See Lacock.
Weving [Wevyng], John, 149, 154,

202, 211.
Wexingaker, 125.
Whatynden [Watydeene], Thom. (I.

& II.) 392, 395.
Wheatley , co. Oxon, Rom. villa, 264.
Wheeler, Henry (I. & II.), 185, 294.
Jno., 271. Will. (Jun.

and Sen.), ib.
" Wheelere," trade of, 402.
Whetham, 321, 401. Persons

see Fynamore fam. [130.
Whetstones made at Crockerton,
Whistler, W. C, 114.
Whitaker fam., wills, 72.

Mr., 51.

White [Whyte], A. R., 169.

Godfrey D. (Ma].), port., 191.
John, Vicar of Hill Deverill,

ejected, 123. Richard le, 402.

Richard G., 331. Walter (I.

& II.), 405. Will., Curate

of Durrington, 270, 276.

Will. (Rev.), 260.
White Horses, art. noticed, 82.
White Sheet Hill, in Stourton, 113.

329.

White Walls, Mutuantones, near

Malmesbury, Rom. Rd., 322.
Whitecliff (Brixton Deverill), 124.
Whitefield Farm, Rom. Rd., 326.

472

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

Whitheine, John, 402.
Whitlands (Durrington), 271.
Whitley, 182. Persons see

Brouncker, H.
Upper (Calne), " Gospel

Bush," 320.
Whifctiatt, Mary, 274.
Whittokesmede, fam., 330.
Whyllepin, Phil., 398.
Whyte. See White.
Whytehead, H. B. (Rev. and Mrs.),

hospitality, 350.
Whytsyde, Tho., 404. .
" Whyttawyere," trade of, 408.
Wich, Wiche, Matilda & Will, atte,

395

Wick'(Downton), 312. Per-
sons see Taunton, Silas.

Hill (Bremhill), 75.

Wick[Wyk, Wyke], John (I.— IV.),
390, 399, 407. Will., 392.

" Wigcurlers," 421.

Wight, Isle of, 304, 306.

Wilbury Park, 312.

Wilcot, 399. [83.

Wild, Will., centenarian, port., 82,

Wilkenes, John, 392.

Wilkes, W. D., bequest to Salisbury
Museum, 336.

Wilkinson, Lady Beatrice, 88.

William, Chaplain, 365.

Wills. See Bulstrode, T. ; Bundy,
T. ; Bush, Paul (Jun. & Sen.),
Walter ; Dugdale, T. ; Goddard
of Mere, Edward, Eliz., Frances,
Nich. ; Hawkins, W. ; Horton,
Thos. (Jun. & Sen.) ; Jacob, T. ;
Selfe, Isaac (Sen.), Jacob, and
others ; Somerset, Sarah, Dow.
Duchess of ; Trenchard, Francis
(I. & II.), Will.; Walton, Isaac
(Jun. & Sen.) ; Whitaker fam.

Wilsford [Wyvelesford], 176.

Geology, 91. Offenders agst.
Statute of Labourers, 399.

Wilson, Leila, 171. Bobert, ib.

Wilton, 67, 171. Abbesses of,

79. Bishops of, ib.

Carpet factory, ib. Charities,
83. " Chronology of," Ed-

ward Slow, noticed, 78, 79.
Corporation plate and seals, 79.

Cross, 75. House,
art. on, noticed. 185. Race-
course, Rom. Rd., 325. Rural
Deanery, monumental inscrip-
tions copied, 347. Tokens,

Wilton — continued.

79. Persons see Herbert,

Sir M.; Pembroke, Earls of;
Renaud, Canon W. ; Webb, J.

[Wuilton], in Gt. Bedwyn,

394. Persons see Pyleschene,
J. ; Webbe, Margery ; Schuppes-
ter, Joan.

Wilts, Archdeacons of. See Chadel-
eshunte, Will. de.

Imperial Yeomanry, 84.

Volunteers, badge, 193.

Wiltshire arts, noticed, 84, 85, 336.

Archaeological Society, Jubi-
lee, retrospect, 96 — 99.
Meetings, see Devizes, Warmin-
ster. Report for 1902-3,
93—99; 1903-4, 345-349.

Authors, books, etc., by, 85

87, 190, 191, 338, 339, 426—428.

Books, Pamphlets, and Ar-
ticles, 71—85, 175—189, 314—
338, 417—424.

Map noticed, 87. [74,

Monasteries, cartularies of.

Notes & Queries noticed, Nos.

39—41, 72—74; No. 42, 182;
Nos. 43, 44, 330, 331 ; Nos. 45, 46
[26] , 420, 421.

preparations for defence,

1794—1803, arts, noticed, 85.

Regiment, art. on, noticed,

83.

Woods, 290.

Wimborne, co. Dors., 292.
Winchester, Dean and Chapter,
property of, 273, 274. Rom.
Rds., 323, 325, 327.
Winklebury Camp, 422.
Winsley Ho., illust., 342. Sana-
torium, 87.
Winterbourne Bassett, 86, 337.
See also Ricardstone. Persons
Ottley, Rev. R. L. and Mrs.

Earls, 382. Ford, Rom.

Rd., 323.

Gunner, Barrow, 410.

Rom. Rd., 323. See also Stack
Bottom.

Shrewton, Rectory appropri-

ated to Lacock Abbey, 360.
Stoke, 379. Charities,

422.

Winterslow, 303.

Middle, Rom. Rd., 323.

Winwood, Rev. H. H., 263.
Wise, Michael, 80.

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII. 473

Wishford, Charities, 422. Old
fire-engine, ilhist., 342.

Witele, Will., 392.

Wittry, John, 400.

Woden, in place names, 114.
Legends, 115, 128.

Wolfhall, 418, 419. Persons see
Ailesbury, 1st Marquess of; Bruce
fam. ; Seymour fam. ; Esturmy
fam. [367.

Wollesley, Will, de, Vicar of Calne,

Wonde,Will. le, 396.

Wonford(Heavitree), co. Devon, 305.

Wood, T. Martin, 192.

Woodborough, 72.

Woodbridge Ho. (Potterne), 342.

Woodbury, co. Dev., 305. 239.

Woodchester, co. Glouc.,Roni. Villa,

Woodcote, co. Salop, 173.
Persons see Cotes fam.

Woodcuts [Woodcots], co Dors.,
291. Komano-British vil-

lage, 267, Persons see Coker,
Mr.

Woodford, 375. Geology, 184.

See also Heale.
Woodleas, 125.
Woodward, C. H., don., 92.

H. B., 77.
Woodwork, altar rails. See Durn-

ford, Gt. Benches and seats.

See Durnford, Gt., Durrington.
Lectern. See Durnford,

Gt. ' Monument. See Hill

Deverill Ch. Pulpits. See

Durnford, Gt., Durrington.
Woodyates, Rom. pottery, 266.
Wool-house, 148 et seq. ; 199 et seq.
Wool trade, 128, 228 ; at Devizes,

187.

Woolbridge, 295.

Wootely. See Oteley.

Wootton Bassett [Wotton], 405, 421 .

Bronze celt found, 343.
Charities, 187, 335.
Cromwell's lock made in,
426. Election print, 108.

Feast, 186. Geology,
182. Maces and swords, 335.

Stocks, 75. Volunteers,
1803, 186. See also Vasterne.
Persons, Hewse, B. ; Jacob, T, ;

Taillour, Edw. le ; Walsh ( ),

M.P.

Wootton Bivers [Wotton] , offenders
agst. Statute of Labourers, 395.
Persons see Jordan, John.

Wordsworth, Chr. (Canon), 318 ;
arts, by, noticed, 420, 421 ; dons.,
195, 343, 431 ; on a Seal of Lud-
gershall, 63, 64; " The Fifteenth
Cent. Cartulary of St. Nicholas'
Hospital, Salisbury," noticed, 175
—177 ; writings, 181, 426.
John, Bp. of Salisbury, ports., 80,
192, 429; writings, 79,86,427.

Wormerigge, Walter, 398.

Wormwood Farm (Box), 173.

Worscombe. See Warscombe.

Worth, Matravers, 178.

Worth, Bob., Sub-dean of Salis-
bury, 372.

Worton, 295. Included under

Potterne in Domesday, 299.
See also Marston.

Wotton, Adam de, 389.

Wowere, William, 398.

Wraxall, North, Cross, 75.

Rom. Rd., 323. Rom. Villa,
foreign marble, 263.

South, Gold Ring found,414.

Wrottesley fam., 421.

Wroughton [Elyndon, Nether Worf-
ton, Worfton], 385, 404, 405.
Persons see Deth, J.

Wroughton [Wroghton, Wrotton],
Sir Will., 213, 216, 218, 220.

Wroxhale, Walt., 388.

Wuilton. See Wilton in Gt. Bed-
wyn.

Wulfhelm, Archb. of Canterbury,
125.

Wyatt [Wyot], Walt., 399.

Wyk, Wyke. See Wick.

Wykeham— Martin, Alice (Mrs. H.
Pollock), 66. Annie (Mrs. H.
Clutterbuck), ib. Catherine,
ib. Charles, of Leeds Castle,
ib. Charles, A., ib. Corn-
wallis (Capt.), obit, notice, ib.
Eleanor (Mrs. Leigh Peinberton),
ib. (Lady) Jemima I., ib.
Robert F., ib. Sybil, ib.
Theodora, ib.

Wyly, 170, 174. Charities, 422.
See also Deptford. Persons,
Bennett, Rev. F. ; Lush, E. J.

Valley, Early Hist, of, J.

U. Powell on, 104, 100-131.
Geology, 77. Rom. Rd., 324.

Wymondham, co. Norf., 121.

Wyndham (Mr.), 291. Geo. (Rt.
Hon.), 191.

Wynebold, John, 403.

474

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIII.

Wynell-Mayow, Rev. Arthur, obit.

notice, 172.
Wynston, Alice, 387.
Wyot. See Wyatt.
Wyron, Will., 408.
Wyvelesford. See Wilsford.
Wyville, Rob., Bp. of Salisbury,364.
Yarlington [Gerlington], co. Soni.,

381.

[G-irlington], co. York, ib.

Yarnbury Castle, 379.

Yatesbury, 317, 330. Font,

illust., 321. Persons see

Walton, Isaac (jun.).

I Yeatnian, H. W., Bp. of Southwark,

writings by, noticed, 427.
I Yerbury fam., 420.

Ynglelond. See England. [271.

Younge, Edw., Brass, 286. Hen.,
! York, Cardinal, 421.

Yrmanggere. See Irmonger.

Yuggelaye, Mabill, 395.

Ywayn, Rob., 401.

Zaikhoill, John, 392.

Zouter. See Sowter.

END OF VOL. XXXIII.

:. Woodward, Printer and Publisher, 4, Saint John Street, Devizes.

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Contains particulars as to 947 books, papers, &c, by 732 authors.

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A certain space on the cover of the Magazine will in future be
available for Advertisements of Books or other kindred matters.
For terms apply to the Eev. E. H. Goddard, Clyffe Vicarage,
Swindon.

FOE SALE. The first four volumes of the Wiltshire Magazine,
in plain half -calf binding, including all the numbers of that
work that are now become so rare.

Apply to Mr. CUNNINGTON, 58, Acre Lane, S.W.

FOR SALE.

Vols. 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, of the Wilts Archaeological Magazine, cost price.

Sidney, Arcadia, folio, calf, date 1*725, price £1 Is.

Life of Sir Stephen Fox, date 1717, calf, a beautifully bound copy,
price 10s. Qd.

Moonraker edition of Wiltshire Rhymes, price 3s. 6d., postage, 3d.

Wilton Chronology, an interesting account of Wiltshire's ancient
capital, price 2s. Qd., postage, 2\cl.

Apply E. SLOW, Wilton.

TO BE SOLD, for the benefit of the Museum Building Fund,
a good copy, mounted on rollers, of the Map of Devizes
by Henry Weaver.

Apply to Mr. B. HOWARD CUNNINGTON, Devizes.

roite&tre Penological at* Natural Stetorg Society

Zis£ 0/ iV<?w Members elected since December, 1903.

Ashburner, Rev. Win., Bowden Hill Vicarage, Chippenham.
Bagot, Rev. Sidney C, Horningsham, Warminster.
Engleheart, Rev. G. H., Dinton, Salisbury.

Fletcher, Frank, The Lodge, Marlborough College, Marlborough.
Fitzgerald, Gr. A. R., Bearfield House, Bradford-on-Avon.
Hobson, Francis, The Prospect, Trowbridge.
Holloway, Henry Thomas, 19, Cedars Road, Clapham, S.W.
Jenner, Capt. L. C, The Manor House, Avebury, Marlborough.
Johnson, Carnegy, The Palace, Salisbury.

Kendall, Rev. H. Gr. 0., Winterbourne Bassett Rectory, Swindon.

Lawrence, Rev. T. J., L.L.D., Upton Lovell Rectory, S.O., Wilts.

Leach, R. E., Junior House, Salisbury School.

Murray, Rev. A. S., Horningsham Vicarage, Warminster.

Milne r, Major E., The Grove, Corsham.

Morrish, John, 2, Hambalt Road, Clapham Common, S.W.

Moulder, Victor J., 110, Hermitage Road, Finsbury Park, N.

Newall, R. S., Fisherton De la Mere House, Wylye, S.O., Wilts.

Phipps, C. N. P., Chalcot, Westbury, Wilts.

Radcliffe, Rev. B., Biddestone Rectory, Chippenham.

Reade, Rev. F. W., Rushall Rectory, Marlborough.

South wark, Rt. Rev. the Bishop of, Dartmouth House, Blackheath, London, S.E.
Somerset, the Duchess of, Maiden Bradley, Bath.
Somerset, the Duke of, Maiden Bradley, Bath.
Tindall, Robert, Asliburn, Fordingbridge, Hants.
Todd, E., Devizes.

Taylor, A., Ivy Lodge, Ashton Street, Trowbridge.
Watson -Taylor, G., Erlestoke Park, Devizes.
Walsh, Arthur, The Manor House, Purton, Wilts.
Whytehead, Rev. H. R., The Vicarage, Warminster.
White, John, Wilton, Wilts.
Wakeman, Maurice R., Warminster.

AGENTS

FOR THE 8ALK OF THK

WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.

Bath E. F. Houlston, New Bond Street.

Bristol James Fawn & Son, 18, Queen's Eoad.

Oalne A. Heath & Son, Market Place.

Chippenham ... E. F. Houlston, High Street.

Cirencester Mrs. Harmer, Market Place.

Devizes C. H. Woodward, Saint John Street.

Marlborough ... Miss E. Lucy, Post Office.

Melksham Jolliffe & Co., Bank Street.

Oxford Jas. Parker & Co., Broad Street.

Salisbury Brown & Co., Canal.

Trowbridge...... G. W. Eose, 66, Fore Street.

Warminster ... A. H. Coates, Market Place.

BOUND TO PLEASE

N. MANCHESTER,