se ire Soe =n peg rue ae ptemares vo SL. bUhePteale pean: sett eheed a. aap! niches . Crt er 9 + bens, S58, ew otetretet. . - a st i eae Nees a ae Dah ‘ i } Vien ae a oe THE WILTSHIRE Archeological ant Matural Austory MAGAAINK. Published under the Direction of the Society FORMED IN THAT COUNTY, A.D. 1853. Epitep spy Rev. E. H. Gopparp, CLyrre VICARAGE, SWINDON. VOL, XXXIX. 1915—1916—1917. DEVIZES : C. H. Woopwarp. EXcHANGE BUILDINGS, STATION Roap JUNE, 1917. CONTENTS OF VOL. XXXIX. IMG, (CxXOOUUG aiansibes UG) Notes on the Birds of Wiltshire: By G. BarHurst Hony, M.B.O.U. The Mammals of Wiltshire: By G. BATHURST HONY ..........ecceeceeees Old Sarum and Sorbiodunum: By Proressor F. HAVERFIELD, PAM Ue EY cA gadsnc eee sceciciseeliancesie hel venetcosduacesnnrebdteseeatefie Notes on eaieoary Soe By Tue Rev. Cur. Wordsworth, ERRORS Rena eT ed scr 8Aiet oh aeoccinadohdaiahbaeare® idalvideoa sien Huish and the aia Sago pride OR rae eee CBR RSE COREE CELDT Atel is EE eae a) i acistcl viaicolnes secjecbsc cAd-cvaeusckaete nae noetestsens Wilts Obituary Rn se ee sce e cagaions si mecuaeraeacaedeetasentes Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, &c.........0......sssceccseees Mea sytOUVUUSeUMO ANd LADLATY .clic.scdidece.scccucdecsearendontectecse. one Mecoumis on the society for the Year 1914. ......6......cesccsencecnsccersesees Inisimor Oticers and Members of ‘the Society .. .............cessssssssseecees Noy CXXIV’ ~ Junn, 1916, The Sixty-Second General Meeting at Devizes ...............cecssereeeesere Mea EH DOVNEIS (ContzvUed)......0..ccccrecraceooarenctseetacionccecdecses The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury (New Sarum) between 1225 and 1612: By Fanny Street, M.A., F.R.Hist. Soc. The Reptiles, pape ans. and Fishes of Wiltshire : oe G. BATHURST Hony, B.A... BE (ahs ence nS eee Wilts eatery .. SOE Ae hee hE ee Recent Wiltshire Fawley SPanaphilets Panicle! Wie. Uuamaneh acti soaersstens cts Books and Articles by Wiltshire PAVING OT Sind a hits a tteneoacstecRee wna oe eeneee SMOG MUITIStFAtlONS ANG PICtUTES:.. .2.....0..0cccccceecesccccssecnecueasecees Wiltshire Portraits ........ PS BEE Se Oa AS Co, Ce Additions to Museum and eierange PPR a i Fema it cach Nd otto Heaps saee hice meeounce Of the Society for the Year 1915 ......:.....s.sceceeccacsceenesceees No. CXXV. DEcEMBER, 1916. The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury (New Sarum) between 1225 and 1612: By Fanny Srreet, M.A., F.R.Hist. Soc. (Continued) von Lane Ok OP Ean The Sixty-Third Gener! Mcontnes oh lieved. eee tains seat emedtcace ots The Original Bederoll of the Salisbury Tailors’s Gild: By C. Haskins merorgotten Hospital at [Great] Bedwyn ...........cccccececececnereeeneeees “Two Surveys of the Manour of Broad Hinton, 1708/9 and 1751 ” Communicated by MRS. STORY MASKELYNE ........ccceccescsceeseeees aie ds fiazinedcaeesscaseseca¥eavesavesuensacoutnoascesepuacveccsess OTC OR fc0'ds cahccunecesu sed deskveds couuacsvectusessacacdcarstscvcas Es cca sch ens eave cus sen Gascecscsapiavdeceaescensdvevnessececes Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, &c. ...............s.000. 000 Books and Articles by Wiltshire Authors . Wiltshire Portraits ............ Re eee Additions to Museum and L. ae BEVE fies. sscevisc, sakacsis 319 368 375 380 382 392 402 406 419 427 428 430 lV. CONTENTS OF VOL. XXXIX. No. CXXVI. JunsE, 1917. Elias de Derham’s Leadenhall in Salisbury Close, 1226—1215 ......... 433 Return for the Hundred of Westbury, 1643 .. ..........ccccesesseeeeeee ens 445 East Wiltshire Mosses:-By ©. P. Migrst 3.00022 )..: 0)... eee eee 449 Marlborough Land and Fresh Water Mollusca: By C. P. Hurst...... 465 The Purchase of the Brooke Collection ....... Merce ck. eae Bronze Implements of the BronzeAge found in Wiltshire, ig perio Recorded, Supplementary List (Feb., 1917): By the Rev. E. H. GODDARD 6:55) osc ot 1 eee 477 The Medizval Tithe Barn, Bradford-on-Avon. Report on the Work Of Repart een keiciacaitn seks tee RN Arena nin an een ee 485 A Bibliography of Wiltshire Zoology : Be GB. Honwzs BUA esc... 491 NObGS:/ctinscesnabaw cee wonks Sawa le ceasing ssacpeeuee tne cea e it eines seme ie eee ete 499 Walts Obituary. 3.20204. 205. Coccet sas. iecaeaie tea eteae teh a soca eraceaeee eee Remarc nes 507 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, &....................s0csec0es 516 Additions to Museum and Library. fcc. ccc 3.0 ban ose ee eee eee era Accounts of the eet for the Year 1916 PE OO oe ch boa beudouons 523 Index to Vol. XX XIX... ae be sie eauaiaced sells Pina ble deh OE a eR eee epee am ONT Tllustrattons. Fig. 1.— Leadenhall, Salisbury, North-East, 433. Fig.2-—Leadenhall, South Side, 433. Fig. 3—Leadenhall from North, showing North Door and South Window, 433 Fig. 4.—Leadenhall, Interior, West End, 433. Fig. 5.—Leadenhall, Salisbury. Interior Elevation of Gable, 436. Fig. 6.— Leadenhall. Plans, 436. Fig. 7.—Leadenhall, Salisbury. South Window, 436. Fragment of Bronze object of unknown use found at Dinton, and Socketed Bronze Celt, 480. The Barton Barn, Bradford-on-Avon. N. Side, 488. The Barton Barn, Bradford-on-Avon. Plan and Details, 488. No. CXXITI. JUNE, 1915, VoL. XXXIX. ———o THE WILTSHIRE Arepwological ad Hatural Arstary MAGAZINE, Published under the Directton OF THE SecreTyY FORMED IN THAT COUNTY, JAD feeds Mont) 1131: EDITED BY REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon. DEVIZES PRINTED AND SOLD FOR THE Society By C. Il. Woopwarp, ExcuHance Burixiprinas, Strari1on Roan. Price 5s. 6d. Members, Gratis. NOTICE TO MEMBERS. 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Preston,M.A. Price to the © Public, 16s. ; but one copy offered to every Member of the Society at half-price, CATALOGUE or tHE STOURHEAD COLLECTION or ANTIQUITIES IN THE SOCIETY’S MUSEUM, with 175 Illustrations. Part I. Price 1s. 6d. CATALOGUE or ANTIQUITIES in tae SOCIETY’S MUSEUM. Part II. 1911. Fully illustrated. Price 2s, CATALOGUE or tHe SOCIETY’S LIBRARY art tHE MUSEUM, Price 1s)5§ APPENDIX No.1, II., and III., 3d. each. CATALOGUE or DRAWINGS, PRINTS, anp Maps, 1In THE SOCIETY’S LIBRARY at tHe MUSEUM. Price 1s. 6d. CATALOGUE or WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS In rue SOCIETY’S COLLECTION. Price 6d. BACK NUMBERS of tHe MAGAZINE. Price to the Public, 5s. 6d. and 3s, 6d. (except in the case of a few numbers, the price of which is raised). Members are allowed a reduction of 25 per cent. from these prices. WILTSHIRE Archealagieal and Matucal Wretory MAGAZINE, No. CX XIII. JUNE, 1915. Vou XXXITX. Contents. ; [ace Notrs oN THE Birps or WILTSHIRE: By G. Bathurst Hony, IMIR OTP see os Sete eick ove vcs bes calbuatee cies iecesscdedeasetedess THE MAMMALS oF WILTSHIRE: By G. Bathurst Hony .................. 15 OLD SARUM AND SorBiopUNUM: By Professor F. Haverfield, LL.D., MPM SN eee rene eck ee cee hatch veces delcunsertaveeeses 22 NorEs ON SALISBURY CATHEDRAL: By the Rev. Chr. Wordsworth, RSMo DCNet eee rc inne Gy dN. loss eM saelvacnd clea viade bee oss 30 PSM UNDE TETE LOY NELS .ccccccecsectesscceesses sc ovdeevceesseasesdévedvenseeses 58 CHI NP eer Se UM asc ean don bash ecu sieWdeucecdlesbuive yes Beacen 3 LOOK: aN SCO) TIMP RS Vol OO cso ae islets ise seve Sacssirocaudccaceesiuseccaavoees vansen 114 ReEcENT WILTSHIRE Books, Ea rene, INR TICES © Oy sonces-eaescos. 120 EOMEEIONS TO MUSEUM, AND LIBRARY .........0-sc00scsccescecscscersesecces 134 ACCOUNTS OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE YEAR 1914........csccccecscccceecees 135 List oF OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY ..ce...eeee ce seeees 138 Devizes :—C. H. Woopwarpb, ExcHaNcE BuILpINas, Station Roan. THE WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE. “ MULTORUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUB ONUS. —Ouvid. JUNE, 1915. NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF WILTSHIRE! | By G. Bataurst Hony, M.B.O.U. | Since the appearance of the Rev, A.C. Smith’s Birds of Wiltshire in 1887 many new county records have naturally occurred. I now | propose to give the more interesting of those I have collected, some _ of which have been published before, but many are now published : for the first time. Perhaps the presentation of these in a collected _ form may cause other records to be brought to light. Smith records the occurrence of 235 species, but he was too wont _—to use his own words—to “give the prisoner the benefit of the doubt.” For the present, the following nine species must be placed | in brackets as being admitted on insufficient evidence, or not being | genuine wild birds, though facts may come to light which will put _ some of them on a sound footing. _ Unsatisractory Recorps ADMITTED IN SMITH’s Birds of Wiltshire. _ [Biack Wooppecker (Dryocopus martius)—Our Wiltshire specimen seems to be better authenticated than any other English | record. It is in the collection formed by the late Mr. James ‘This paper is practically a reprint of one which appeared in “ British | Birds,” vol. VIL., p. 281—290. I have brought it up to date as far as possible, but have not thought it necessary to specify the alterations. The nomen- | clature followed is that of the New Edition of the “ B.0.U. List of British Birds.” This list has been drawn up by a committee of the British Orni- _ thologists Union, and the nomenclature has been revised and brought up to date. I have to thank the Editors of British Birds for permission to reprint, the Rev. D. P. Harrison, of Lydiard Millicent, for several additional records, and Mr. A. H. Evans for revising the proofs.—G. B. H. VOL, XXXIX.—NO. CXXIII. B 2 Notes on the Birds of Wiltshire. Rawlence, at Bulbridge, Wilton; he received it from Mr. Pope, of Kingston Deverill Farm, who said it was killed during rook shooting at Longleat Park. The exact date is unknown, but the brother of the present owner, writing to Zhe Standard of September 30th, 1897, says: “I hunted up the son of the late Mr. King, who stuffed the bird in our collection, and he informs me that as a lad he has a very clear recollection of the bird coming to his father in the flesh for preservation from Longleat . . . it made a great impression on both his father and him.” This specimen does not appear to have been known to either Howard Saunders or J. H. Gurney. | | [GOLDEN-WINGED WOODPECKER (Colaptes auratus) was not ac- cepted by Newton in Yarrell (IL, 486). ‘The recent Hand-List of British. Birds says, “The specimen said to have been shot in Wilts in 1836 was no doubt due to importation.”] [DESERT Buzzard (Buleo desertorwm) was not admitted by — Saunders (Manual, p, 322).] [Canapa Goose (Branta canadensis), EGyPtian Goose (Alopochen cegyptiacus), and SPUR-WINGED GOOSE (Plectropterus gambensis) were undoubtedly escaped birds. | [Kinc-EIDER (Somateria spectabilis) was included on the strength of the following note from the Rev. G. Marsh: “The King Duck in my collection was killed in Wilts.” This evidence is certainly not sufficient as no other data are given. ] | [CAYENNE RalL (Aramides cayennensis) was obviously an escaped bird, and was included against the advice of Prof. Newton, in spite of the fact that the author states in his preface: “to whose (Prof. Newton’s) opinion, on all matters relating to birds, I have long been accustomed to bow with implicit obedience.’ ] [CAPERCAILLIE (Zetrao wrogallus) was undoubtedly an escaped | bird.] ADDITIONAL SPECIES. There are thirteen additions to the county list, thus making the | new total 239, In the following pages ILC.N.H, and W_4.M. are | by G@. Bathurst Hony, M.B.O.U. 3 used to represent the Marlborough College Natural History Society’s Report and this Magazine respectively. WuitE WactalL (Motaeilla alba).—I saw one at Woodborough on April 26th, 1912 (Bull B.0.C,, XX XII.). It is probably usually present on migration but overlooked. British WILLOW-TITMOUSE (Parus 0. klcinschmidtz) was recorded by C. J. Alexander from Little Bedwyn (Brit. B., IV., p. 147). FIRE-CRESTED WREN (Regulus tgnicapillus),—Mr. J. G. Millais tells me that when at Marlborough College, he shot a fine male with a catapult in Savernake Forest on Oct, 10th, 1881, It is now in his collection. - WoopcHat-SuRIKE (Lanius senator)—There are no less than four records of this bird having been seen in the county, One in Savernake Forest on June 6th, 1884, and one near Salisbury in (1872 (I0.C.N.H., 1888). One was seen at Wishford on May 31st, 1898 (Field, Aug. 24th; the editor doubted this record). Finally ‘the Rev. Percy Harrison saw one near Aldbourne on June 13th, 1906 (W.AM, XXXV., p. 150). The first of the above records was of a bird seen by Mr. H. A. Macpherson. He made (at the | time) a rough sketch of it in coloured chalks, which he found cor- responded exactly with the plate in Dresser’s Birds of Hurope. | MarsH-WARBLER (Acrocephalus palustris).—A full account of the nesting of this bird near Stapleford, in 1900, was given by Mr. H.S8. Hall in the Zoologist for Dec., 1900. It has also almost certainly bred near Marlborough for two or three years, _ GREENLAND Fatcon (Hierofalco 1. candicans).—Lord Radnor—at ‘Dr. Penrose’s request—recorded an immature example which was ‘shot near Downton in April, 1906 (W.A.If., XXXVI, p. 487). | VELVET-SCOTER (Hdemia fusca).—One was shot at Mildenhall ‘(near Marlborough) by Mr. Barnes on October 28th, 1885 (IZ.C. NH. 1885); and a young bird was shot by Mr. Dell near Marl- ‘borough Mill on October 14th, 1889 (zd, 1889). FULMAR PETREL (Fulmarus glactalis),—An immature specimen | 'was picked up near Marlborough during a storm in Oct., 1897 (M.C.N.H. 1897.) ; 4 Notes on the Birds of Wiltshire. [Lirtte STINT (Zringa minuta)— One seen Feb. 9th, 1886” (I.C.N.H.). This evidence is certainly not sufficient to include it. | [YELLOWSHANK (Zotanus flavipes). ‘A specimen, shot by Mr. Carey Coles at Winterbourne Stoke, in 1908, has been preserved by Mr. White, and is now in the possession of Mr. Carey Coles”’ (W.AM., XXXV., p. 508). At my request Mr. HE. A. Rawlence (who wrote the above note) took this specimen to the British Museum, and on examination by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant, it turned out to be an undoubted Redshank. (See also W.A.M., XXXVIIL., p. 641.) | WHITE-WINGED Buack TERN (Hydrochelidon leucoptera).—The Rev. A. P. Morres saw five at Britford on April 30th, 1889 (Zool,, 1889, p. 393). Lesser TERN (Sterna minuta).—Dr. Penrose tells me he saw one in the Park at Rood Ashton on April 19th, 1912. (Bull, B.0.C. XXXII, p. 152.) Ivory GULL (Pagophila eburnea).—Mr. HK. Cambridge Phillips tells me that one was killed near Chippenham about 1840 and was the gem of the late Dr. Burly’s collection at Chippenham. POMATORHINE SKUA (Stercorarius pomarinus)—Mr. H. W. | Robinson records an immature specimen which was shot at Sher- — stone about thirty years ago, and is preserved in a farmhouse at Common Wood (#rit. B., VIII., p. 150). LonG-TAILED Skua (Stercorarius longicaudus)—Mr. J. Ward — (late of Blackland) tells me that one was picked up dead at Calstone in May, 1881. On skinning it he found shot marks init. Ihave seen the bird in his collection. ADDITIONAL BREEDING SPECIES. There are not many new breeding-records for the county, but | those recorded are of some interest. The nesting of the Marsh- | Warbler has been mentioned above. TREE-SPARROW (Passer montanus)—A nest with two eggs on | May 14th, 1890 (JLC.N_H., 1890). By G. Bathurst Hony, M.B.0.U. 3D BLUE-HEADED WaAGTAIL (Motacilla flava).—A. full account of its breeding at Marlborough in 1907 was given in British Birds, I., p. 89. It nested again in the same place iu 1909 (AL.C_WV.Z., 1909). | DIPPER (Cinclus c¢. britannicus).—Has nested at Castle Combe | since 1897 (W,A.M., XXXIIL., p.65). Nested at Lacock in 1913 mC oniiava.. WILL p. 230). | | | 1 [Prep FrycatcHer (Muscicapa atricapilla)—Dr. Hammond Hinton tells me that he took two eggs out of a clutch of six at Warminster in 1884. The nest was built in a hole in a foreign _poplar.] | GREAT-CRESTED GREBE (Podiceps cristatus).—A pair nested in North Wilts in 1914 (W.A.M, XXXVIIL., p. 641). _ | COMMON SANDPIPER (Totanus hypoleucus),—Mr. G. Deut writes : « Probably breeds on the Kennet (near Marlborough) ; it is seen every spring, and this year(1912) my brother saw the old birds with young ones only just able to fly.” Again, Mr. Harrison is prac- tically sure that it breeds at Lydiard Park as he always sees a pair there during June and July. | REDSHANK (Totanus totanus)—Nested at Downton, 1907 \(W.A.M., XXXV., p. 150). - | | ADDITIONAL RECORDS OF RARER VISITORS. | We now come to the records of rare visitors since the publica- tion of (or unknown to the author of) the Birds of Wiltshire. GOLDEN ORIOLE (Orzolus orvolus)—Dr. Hinton writes that it has ‘been seen in Great Ridge Wood near Hindon “ more than once” ; while Mr. Talbot described to me a par of birds seen at Lacock Abbey im May, 1913, which must have been the present species (see also W.A.M., XXXVIIL, p. 641). a ee _ Lesser REpDPOLL (Acanthis l. cabaret) —Three breeding-records have been published (ALC.N.H., 1905; Brit. B., I11., p. 161; Field, June 15th, 1912), and Dr. Hinton tells me that he took eggs near Warminster, “when I was a boy” (about 1885). 6 Notes on the Birds of Wiltshire. CROSSBILL (Loxia curvirostra).—One shot at Rockley on Dec. 7th, 1889 U.C_N.Z.), and another at Bowden Hill in Jan,, 1904. — Small flock seen at Littlecote in Dec., 1909, (Brit. B., IIL., p. 305), and a flock of twenty was seen in Savernake Forest in March, 1910 (M.C.N.I.). Snow-BuntTineG (Plectrophenax nivalis)—Mr. Rawlence tells me of two shot at Bishops Down about 1908; the “fine specimen ” recorded from Winterbourne Stoke (W.A.IL, XXIV., p. 130) turns out to be a semi-albino Corn-Bunting ! GREAT GREY SHRIKE (Lanius excubitor).—There is a specimen shot at Wylye (no date) in the Blackmore Museum at Salisbury, and Mr. Harrison saw one in Braydon Wood in January, 1912. WAXWING (Amvpelis garrulus)—A pair were seen and the male was shot at Downton on Dec. 24th, 1903. It is now in the Black- more Museum (W.A.M.,XXXITV., p. 340). One was shot in Braydon Wood on Dec. 31st, 1913 (Brit B, VIL, p. 264, and W.AM, § XXXVIIL, p. 642). PIED FLYCATCHER (Muscicapa atricapilla).—Frequently reported on migration, usually in spring. RinG-OvzEL (Turdus torquatus).—Otten on migration. [A nest | with eggs and young was reported as having been found near | Marlborough in 1887, and another with eggs in 1901 (ILC.N.H.); | but I am told on good authority that the second (and possibly also | the first) of these records was based on a partially white Blackbird.] | Buack Repstart (Phemcurus titys)—Mr. J. G. Millais tells. } me that he saw a fine adult male on the Downs near Marlborough | in the spring of 1881. A young male was seen at Downton on | March 13th, 1910 (W.A.M, XXXVL, p. 488, and Brit. B., IIL, | p. 368). One was seen near Britford on Nov. 6th, 1912 (WAM, SOREXCVANM, p10): DIPPER (Cinclus c. britannicus).—Frequently reported in winter. HoopoE (Upupa epops).—One was seen near Marlborough in Dec., 1878 (.C.N.H.); Dr. Hinton tells me of one shot near | Warminster in 1881; one was shot near Trowbridge in April, 1909 | } By G. Bathurst Hony, M.B.0.U. ip (Devizes Gazette, May 3rd, and Field, May 26th, 1900); Mr. J. Wild tells me that one was seen at Lacock some years ago, and that one was shot at Edington about thirty years back. LittLE OwL (Carine noctua).—I have records of fourteen since 1907 ; it is fast spreading into the county. Scops Ow. (Otws scops).—There is a specimen in the Devizes Museum (mounted on the head of a Ruff!) labelled “Shot at _ Marlborough.” _ RovuGH-LeGccED Buzzarp (Buteo lagopus).—“ One Overton 1866” (I.C.N.H); a young male was trapped at Fonthill at the end of Dec., 1884 (Meld, Jan. 3rd, 1885); Mr, A. Bankes writes ‘that a female was killed in the same place on Feb. 18th, 1885, and ‘there is a specimen in the Devizes Museum shot on the Hurdecott Estate (no date). _ Common Buzzarp (Luteo buteo).—Mr. A. Bankes tells me that ‘a male was killed in Ridge Wood, Hindon, on September 16th, /1887. One was shot at Aldbourne in October, 1911, and there is a pair in the Devizes Museum from Savernake (no date). | WHITE-TAILED EAGLE (fHaliaétus albicilla)—One was seen at | Salisbury on January 31st, 1897 (Salisbury Journal, Feb. 6th, 1897). One was shot in Grovely Wood in March, 1905 (Wilts County Mirror, May 3rd, 1905), and another at Marden on February 24th, -1909—now in the Devizes Museum (Marlborough Times, March | 6th, 1909, etc.). _ Montacu’s HARRIER (Circus pygargus).—One was seen near ‘Braydon on October 28th, 1905 (W.A.M. XXXIV.,, p. 432). In the Devizes Museum there is a case containing a female and a | young bird shot on the Hurdecott Estate —no date (reported in | W.A.M. XXXVL, p. 486, as a male Marsh Harrier) ; and another ‘containing a male shot near Winterslow, in 1858. HEN-HARRIER (Circus eyaneus)—One was shot on Erchfont Downs on Dec. 30th, 1879 (J2C.N.H.), and one was seen at ‘Downton on April 29th, 1912 (Bull, B.0.C,, XXXII). Kite (Milvus melvus).—A male was shot at Fonthill in Nov,, 8 Notes on the Birds of Wiltshire. 1896 (Field, Nov., 28th, 1896), and there is a specimen in the Blackmore Museum shot at Cholderton (no date). Honey-Buzzarp (Pernis apivorus).—A specimen in the Devizes Museum was shot in the West Woods near Marlborough in 1885. This is supposed to be the specimen recorded by Smith (Birds of Wiltshire, p. 91), but he gives the date as 1855. LittLe BITTERN (Lxobrychusminutus).—Mr. E.Cambridge Phillips writes that “a male was killed at Whetham, near Calne, and until recently was in my brother's collection at Chippenham.” BITTERN (Botawrus stellaris).—I have records of no less than twenty-four, of which twenty-one are of later date than Smith’s book ; viz., five in 1892, one in 1897, seven in 1900, three in 1902, one in 1903, three in 1908, and one in 1914. SHELD-Duck (Tadorna tadorna).—A male was seen at Potterne in the winter of 1897 (W.4.M. XXIX., p. 197). GADWALL (Anas strepera).—One was shot on Jan. 7th, 1893, | near Stockton House on the Wylye (W.A.M1, XXVIL., p. 184). GARGANEY (Querquedula querquedula)—A pair were seen at Downton on April 15th, 1911, and on April 28th, 1912, (Bull B.0.C., XXX. and XXXIT.). SHOVELER (Spatula clypeata)—Mr. Rawlence tells me of one — shot at Bishopstone about 1904; and Mr. Harrison tells me that — he shot a female at Braydon in Oct., 1912, and the keeper then told him he had occasionally seen the same species in other years, TUFTED Duck (Nyroca fuligula).—Mr. Ward mentions that one was shot on the Avon near Lacock in January, 1901, and one was seen near Stitchcombe on April 2nd, 1910 (LC W.A). Scaup Duck (Nyroca marila).—Mr. E. Cambridge Phillips writes that he shot a female at Rowden about 1858, and another was shot on the Canal near Hungerford on Dec. 6th, 1896 (M.C_N_E.). GoLDENEYE (Glaucion clangula).—Mr. Ward has one shot at | Blackland in Jan., 1885, and Mr. Rawlence tells me of one shot | at Britford (no date). By G. Bathurst Hony, M.B.0.U. 9 Common Scorer (Hdemia nigra) —One was killed at Marl- borough during the fog on the night of April 2nd 1911 (LCN. A. and elsewhere). GOOSANDER (Mergus merganser).—Mr. Cambridge Phillips writes that one was shot near Calne about 1858, and the Rev. F. C. R. Jourdain tells me of one shot on the Avon, near Lacock Abbey, on Dec. 24th, 1892. CoRMORANT (Phalacrocorax carbo),—One was seen at Salisbury in Sept., 1896 (Field, Sept. 19th, 1896). Some twenty-five ap- peared at Marden on Oct. 2nd, 1902 (Devizes Gazette, Oct. 7th, 1902), and Mr. Picket, the bird-stuffer, of Salisbury, writes that a “Shag or Cormorant ” was shot at Britford in 1902. GANNET (Sula bassana)—A young one was seen five miles from Amesbury on Noy. 16th, 1909 (Mield, Nov. 27th, 1909). Mr. J. H. Gurney does not mention any Wiltshire specimens in his list of Gannets inland (The Gannet), although four cases are given in Smith’s book. StorM-PetreL. (Zhalassidroma pelagica).—One was picked up at Panterwick on Oct. 14th, 1881 (JZ.C_N.H.), one was shot on Rushall Down on Nov. 20th, 1893 (Devizes Gazette, Nov. 30th; Freld, Dec. 2nd, 1893), the Salisbury Journal of Nov. 17th, 1894, records one picked up in that city, and another was picked up at Edington on Dee. 4th, 1909 (W.A.M., XXXVIL., p. 487). Leacn’s FORK-TAILED PETREL (Occanodroma lewcorhoa).—One was picked up dead in Groveley Wood on Oct. 10th, 1896 ee Oct. 17th, 1896). MANX SHEARWATER (Puffinus puffinus)—One was picked up on Mere Down on May 6th, 1888 (Field, May 19th, 1888); Mr. Ward tells me of one picked up near Calne on Sept. 1st, 1899 ; Mr. Pickett received two males and a female from Bishopstone about 1904; one was picked up at Wootton Bassett on Aug. 29th, 1910 (Meld, Sept. 13th, 1910), and Mr. McNiven tells me of another on the same date near Alton Barnes. GREAT-CRESTED GREBE (Podiceps cristatus).—One was seen on Braden Pond on April 3rd, 1912 (W.A.M,, XXXVIL,, p. 615). 10 Notes on the birds of Wiltshire. GREAT NORTHERN DIVER (Colymbus immer).—One was shot by Dr. Blackmore near Salisbury some years ago. RED-THROATED Diver (Colymbus stellatus)—One was picked up injured at Wylye in the beginning of Feb., 1909—it is now in the Devizes Museum (W.A.IL, XXXVL., p. 140). PALLAS’S SAND-GROUSE (Syrrhaptes paradoxus).—A covey of about twenty was seen for several days previous to May 20th, 1888 (field, June 2nd, 1888). OYSTERCATCHER (Hematopus ostralegus)—One was picked up dead on the Downs near Marlborough in 1904 (IL. C.W.Z.). CREAM-COLOURED CouRSER (Cwrsoriws gallicus).—There is a full account of one which was shot on the Downs above Erlestoke on Oct. 10th, 1896, in the Zoologist for Nov., 1896, and in the W.A.M., XXIX., p. 70. DOTTEREL (Hudromias morinellus) —Two were shot at Totter- down about 1900; twoat Chitterne on Sept. 8th, 1905; four were shot out of eight at Codford on Sept. 15th, 1904, and another at the same place on Sept. 8th, 1905. Mr. M. Vaughan hears that it is sometimes seen on the Plain in the second week in May. -RINGED PLOVER (4igialitis hiaticula).—Two were shot at West Kennet in 1883 (J.C_N.f.), and Mr. Ward shot one at Blackland in June, 1889. Rurr (Machetes pugnax).—A Reeve was shot at Ramsbury on Dec. 22nd, 1879 (47.C_N.H.). Knot (Tringa canutus).—An injured female was caught in Salisbury on Feb. 27th, 1906 (Zool., April, 1906), DUNLIN (Tringa alpina).—One was shot near the River Ray on January 24th, 1907 (W.A,M., XXXV., p. 150). Grey PHALAROPE (Phalaropus fulicarius)—Mr. Cambridge Phillips tells me of one at Burytown Blunsdon and another at Holt (no dates). One was shot at the end of Sept., 1899, at Collingbourne Ducis (I.C.N.H.). Mr, Ward shot one at Calstone (no date), and in the Devizes Museum are three (one in full sum- mer plumage), shot near Downton (no date). By G. Bathurst Hony, M.B.O.U. 11 [RED-NECKED PHALAROPE (Phalaropus lobatus).—One recorded from Marlborough in 1869 (Birds of Wiltshire, p. 450) turns out to be a Grey Phalarope (d/.C.N.H., 1904). | WHIMBREL (Numenius phwopus).—One was caught wounded on August 20th, 1877, and on May 1dth, 1890, five were seen and two shot on the Downs near Kennet (JZ.C_N.£Z). CoMMON SNIPE (Gallinago gallinago)—TIwo nests were found near Marlborough, 1909 (AL.C_N.A. and Brit. B., IIL, p. 29), and Mr. Vaughan tells me it almost certainly nested at Milton in 1913. Dr. Penrose recorded an exceptionally early nest at Downton, March 15th, 1912 (Brit. B, V., p. 336. Buack Tern (Hydrochelidon nigra).—Mr. Cambridge Phillips tells me of one at Chippenham in 1858; a pair were seen at Ramsbury Park on May 16th, 1901 (J£.C.N.H.), and several were seen ab Amesbury in Aug., 1911. GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL (Larus marinus).—I saw one on the Downs above Alton White Horse on April 23rd, 1910. Mr. Harrison tells me of an adult pair which haunted Swindon Sewage Farm for more than a month in Dec., 1906, and that he has more than once seen immature birds passing over. KITTIWAKE GULL (Rissa tridactyla)—One was found dead in Savernake on Feb. 5th, 1890, and a young one was shot on the Canal Reservoir near Wolfhall on July 17th, 1890 (I. C.N.AZ). ComMMON GUILLEMOT (Uria trotlle)—The Blackmore Museum has a specimen shot at Amesbury in 1888. LitthE AUK (Alle alle)—< Two, one about 1855” UILC.N.H). One at Winterbourne during 1912 “wreck ” (Brit. B.,, VL, p. 69), and Mr. Rawlence tells me that one was picked up in Grovely Wood on Dee. 11th, 1912. PurFIN (Fratercula arctica).—Six or seven were seen and one killed by wire, on Nov., 20th 1893, after a three days’ gale from the north, at Codford St. Mary (W.A.M, XXXVIL, p. 185). GREAT Bustarp (Otis tarda).—A female was shot on Feb. 4th, 1891], near Chippenham (Feld, Feb. 28th, 1891). 12 Notes on the Birds of Wiltshire. LitTLE BustarD (Otis tetrax)—One was put up on Sept. 27th, 1897, between Roche Court and Over Wallop on Salisbury Plain (Salisbury Journal, Oct. 16th, 1897), and “one was moved a fort- night since on Salisbury Plain, near Market Lavington” (Field, Nov. 6th, 1897)—presumably the same bird. Mr. James Flower, of Chilmark, has one killed there about 1905 or 1906, and a male in summer plumage was shot at Avebury on April 26th, 1909 (WAM OXeXV a da) SPOTTED CRAKE (Porzana porzana)—Mr. Ward has one killed by telegraph wires at Cherhill in May, 1887, one was killed in Marlborough on April 1st, 1890, and another on Aug. 2nd, 1896, in a similar manner (I.C.N.H.). Finally Mr. Harrison tells me that he has twice seen this bird at Lydiard Millicent, viz., on Oct. 22nd, 1906, and on Oct. 13th, 1911. Buack Grouse (Lyrurus tetrix)—A Greyhen was killed against wire near Warminster on April 8th, 1906 (Mield, April 14th, 1906). The Hand-List of British Birds says “some . . . Wilts,” but on what authority I know not. (In a footnote to my paper the authors of the “ Hand-List” say :—“See Saunders, Manwal, 2nd ed., p. 493; we had no later information.—EDs.”) QUAIL (Coturnix coturnix)—Many 1893 (field, Sept. 30th, Oct. 7th, and Nov. 18th, 1893). Nest with ten eggs at Aldbourne in June, 1907 (W.A.M., XXXV., p. 318), eight in Sept, and Oct., 1909 (Lull, B.0.C.). Some reported in autumn, 1913, APPENDIX. List of the birds which have occurred in Wiltshire. Those known to have nested in the county are marked by an asterisk, while those in square brackets are included in Smith’s “ Birds of Wiltshire,” but are not admitted by the present writer. * Raven. Rose-coloured Starling. Hooded Crow. Golden Oriole. *Carrion Crow. * Hawfinch. *Rook. *Greenfinch. *Jackdaw. *Goldfinch. * Magpie. Siskin. *Jay. Twite. Chough. *Lesser Redpole. *Starling. * Linnet. By G. Bathurst Hony, M.B.0.U. 13 *Bullfinch. Crossbill. * Chaffinch. Brambling. *House Sparrow. *Tree Sparrow. *Corn Bunting. *Yellow Bunting. *Cirl Bunting. *Reed Bunting. Snow Bunting. *Wood Lark. *Sky Lark. *Tree Pipit. *Meadow Pipit. *Blue-Headed Wagtail. *Yellow Wagtail. *Grey Wagtail. *Pied Wagtail. - White Wagtail. *Tree Creeper, *Nuthatch. *Great Titmouse. *Blue Titmouse. *Coal Titmouse. * Marsh Titmouse. Willow Titmouse. *Long-tailed Titmouse. *Golden Crested Wren. Fire Crested Wren. Great Grey Shrike. Woodchat Shrike. *Red-backed Shrike. Waxwing. *Spotted Flycatcher. (*1) Pied Flycatcher. *Chiffchaff. *Willow Warbler. *Wood Warbler. *Grasshopper Warbler. *Reed Warbler. *Marsh Warbler. *Sedge Warbler. *Garden Warbler. *Blackcap. *W hitethroat. *Lesser Whitethroat. *Dartford Warbler. Fieldfare. *Mistle Thrush. *Song Thrush. Redwing. (*2)Ring Ouzel. * Blackbird. *W heatear. *W hinchat. *Stonechat. * Redstart. Black Redstart. *Nightingale. *Redbreast. *Hedge Sparrow. *Wren. *Dipper. *Swallow. * Martin. *Sand Martin. *Swift. *Nightyjar. Bee-eater. *Hoopoe. Roller. *Kingfisher. *Green Woodpecker. *Great Spotted Woodpecker. *Lesser Spotted Woodpecker. [Black Woodpecker]. [Golden-winged Woodpecker]. *Wryneck, *Cuckoo. Hawk Owl. Little Owl. Eagle Owl. *Long-eared Owl. Short-eared Owl. Scops Owl. *Barn Owl. *Tawny Owl. Gyr Falcon. Greenland Falcon. *Peregrine Falcon. * Hobby. Merlin. *Kestrel. Red Footed Falcon. *Rough Legged Buzzard. *Common Buzzard. [Desert Buzzard]. White Tailed Eagle. Marsh Harrier. *Montagu’s Harrier. *Hen Harrier. Goshawk. *Sparrow Hawk. *Kite. Honey Buzzard, Osprey. White Stork. Glossy Ibis. Crane. *Common Heron. Squacco Heron. Night Heron. Little Bittern. 14 Notes on the Birds of Wiltshire. Bittern. Whooper Swan. * Mute Swan. Grey Lag Goose. White Fronted Goose. Bean Goose. Barnacle Goose. Brent Goose. [Canada Goose]. | Egyptian Goose]. {Spur- winged Goose]. Sheld-Duck. * Mallard. Gadwall. *Teal. Garganey. Widgeon. Shoveler. Pintail. Common Pochard. Ferruginous Duck. Tufted Duck. Scaup Duck. Goldeneye. Long Tailed Duck. Common Eider. [King Eider]. Common Scoter. Velvet Scoter. Goosander. Red-breasted eee Smew. Cormorant. Shag. Gannet. Storm Petrel. Leach’s Fork-Tailed Petrel. Wilson’s Petrel. Manx Shearwater. Fulmar Petrei. *Great Crested Grebe. Sclavonian Grebe. Red-Necked Grebe. Black-Necked Grebe. *Little Grebe. Great Northern Diver. Black-Throated Diver. Red-Throated Diver. * Wood Pigeon. *Stock Dove. Rock Dove. *Turtle Dove. Pallas’s Sand Grouse. Oyster Catcher. * Stone Curlew. Cream Coloured Courser. Pratincole. Dotterel. Ringed Plover. Golden Plover. * Lapwing. Ruff. Knot. Dunlin. Curlew Sandpiper. Purple Sandpiper. (* 7) Common Sandpiper. Wood Sandpiper. Green Sandpiper. *Common Redshank. Greenshank. Grey Phalarope. Red-Necked Phalarope. Bar-Tailed God wit. Common Curlew. Whimbrel. Great Snipe. *Common Snipe. Jack Snipe. *Woodcock. Black Tern. White-Winged Black Tern. Common Tern. Arctic Tern. Lesser Tern. Little Gull. Black-Headed Gull. Common Gull. Herring Gull. Lesser Black-Backed Gull. Great Black-Backed Gull. Kittiwake Gull. Ivory Gull. Great Skua. Pomatorhine Skua. Arctic Skua. Long-Tailed Skua. Razorbill. Common Guillemot. Little Auk. Puffin. *Great Bustard. Little Bustard. *Land Rail. Spotted Crake. *Water Rail. [Cayenne Rail]. * Moorhen. * Coot. { Capercaillie]. Black Grouse. Red Grouse. * Pheasant. partridge. *Quail. *Ked-Legged Partridge. 15 THE MAMMALS OF WILTSHIRE, By G. Batuurst Hony. The object of the present paper is rather to obtain more precise information as to our Wiltshire mammals than toimpartit. There are many species, particularly of Bats, which have been recorded from all the surrounding counties, but not from Wiltshire, or per- haps a single example has been obtained here. Such a state of affairs can only be accounted for by saying that no one has yet worked at our mammals. I have here collected most of the pub- lished records in order to draw attention to their paucity. The Dormouse is the only addition I have been able to make. I should specially like to thank the Rev. E. H. Goddard, of Clyffe Pypard, for many notes of interest. In the following pages “ Generally distributed” must of course be taken to mean in suitable localities only, and even then it is in some cases perhaps too wide a term, and is used simply owing to lack of definite information. JZC_N.H.S. and W.A.M. are used to represent the Marlborough College Natural History Society's Report and the Wiltshire Archeological and Natural History Magazine respectively. The order and nomenclature followed is that of the new British Museum Catalogue of the Mammals of Western Europe ; these names may seem strange in many cases, but they have been revised strictly in accordance with the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature, which is the only way of reaching uni- formity. Order INSECTIVORA. Family Z'alpidae, Mote (TYalpa europaea).—Generally distributed. Family Soricidae. COMMON SHREW (Sorex araneus).—Generally distributed. LESSER SHREW (Sorex minutus).—One was picked up in Saver- _nake Forest on October 29th, 1910 (L.C.N.HLS.) ; I picked up a 16 The Mammals of Wiltshire. dead one at Tidworth on Dec, 11th, 1914, and the Rev. D. P. Harrison thinks he has seen it at Lydiard Millicent. This animal is probably as widely distributed in the county as the last, but it is overlooked, and the actual number of individuals is probably com- paratively small. I have recently examined some owl pellets from Savernake and found the remains of four of these creatures as compared with thirty of the last. WATER SHREW (MNeomys fodiens)—The M.C.N.AS. for 1883 contains four records of this animal, viz., one was found on October 4th near Marlborough; one was seen off Poulton Bridge on October 24th; one was found dead at Mildenhall on November 24th; and the miller there said he had seen one a few days before. Another was picked up near Preshute in October, 1895 (AC_N.H.S.), and Mr. Goddard tells me he saw one many years ago at Heddington. This animal again is probably to be found in suitable localities all over the county. Family Lrinaceidae. HepGEHoa (Hrinaceus ewropaeus).—Generally distributed. Order CHIROPTERA, Sub-order MIcROCHIROPTERA. Family Lhinolophidae, GREATER HORSESHOE BaT (Lhinolphus ferrum-equinuwm.)—The late Major G. E. H. Barrett-Hamilton recorded one from Great Cheverell on June 20th, 1910 (Zoologist, 1910, p. 307). LessER HorsEsHOoE Bat (Rhinolphus hipposideros)—tThis bat was first recorded in England by Montagu (Trans. Linn: Soe. London IX., p. 163), who found several in an old building at Lackham in 1804. The British Museum contains one from Devizes and two from Zeals. J. G. Millais says that he has seen one from Marlborough (Mammals of Great Britain and Ireland, vol. I., p. 31). One was killed at Clyffe Pypard in 1903 (W.A.M., XXXTIT,, 169) ; and the Rev, J. E. Kelshall writes (Zoologist, 1887, p. 93) “I have a white specimen from the collection of the late Mr. Sloper of Devizes ””—this may or may not have been a Wiltshire specimen. By G. Bathurst Hony. yi Family Vespertiliondae. WHISKERED Bat (Jyotis mystacinus).—There is a specimen in he British Museum from Pewsey ; and Barrett-Hamilton (History of British Mammals, vol. I, p. 160), says:—“. . . . Wiltshire, where Jenyns found it commoner than P. pipistrellus at Bath. oo eo iny, be regarded as common in all worked counties except in the Kast.” [NATTERER’S Bat (Myotis nattereri).—« Absolutely no records for Wilts but almost certainly there.” (Barvett-Hamilton History jof British Mammals, vol. 1, p. 160.) ] [DAauBENTON’s Bat (Myotis daubentonii).—* Not known in Wilts | but there can be little doubt that it will be found in all of them.” (Lbzd, p. 144.)] PIPISTRELLE (Pipistrellus pipistrellus)—Generally distributed. NocruLe (Nyctalus noctula).—Generally distributed. Lone-Harep Bar (Plectofus auritus).—Generally distributed. Mr, Goddard tells me it is common at Clyffe Pypard. BARBASTELLE (Barbastella barbastellus).—A fine adult male was knocked down with a stick in broad daylight on January 1st, 1869, at Salisbury (H. P. Blackmore, Zoologist, 1869, p. 1558). The British Museum possesses a male, presented by the Rev. E. H. Goddard, from Clyffe Pypard, on May 10th, 1908 (W.A.ML, XXXV,, p. 508). Order CARNIVORA. Family Canidae. [Wour (Canis lwpus)—Extinct in Great Britain. Mr. Goddard has kindly drawn my attention to the two following passages relating to wolves in this county, The first (1328) runs “The said land, pasture, wood, and rents (in Couelesfeld) are held by the sergeanty of taking wolves with the King’s dogs at the King’s expense when 1 Jenyn’s actual words, however, were:—“. . . in shops and houses in Bath” (Proc. Bath Nat. Hist. & Ant. Field: Club. vol. II.); Barrett- Hamilton must have been under the impression that Bath was in Wiltshire. G. B. H. VOL, XXXIX.—NO. CXXIII. C 1 18 The Mammals of Wiitshire. they come within the forest of Claryndone in Co. Wilts,” (Wilts Inquisitiones Post Mortem from the Reign of Hdward IIT, p. 36). Again (Jbid., p. 96), in 1333, “The tenements (in Coulsfeld Loueraz) are held of the King in chief by the service of hunting a wolf or wolves with the King’s dogs through the whole county of Wilts, if any can be found in the county.”! It thus appears that even in 1333 wolves were doubtful inhabitants of the county. | Fox (Vulpes vulpes) —Generally distributed, Savernake Forest seems to possess a breed of tree foxes, for when hunting there foxes are continually put out of trees; and on March 31st, 1914, I found a litter of cubs in a hollow tree, the entrance hole of which was fully 7 feet from the ground. Family Mustelidae. BapDGER (JMeles meles).—Seems to be maintaining its numbers. Mr. Goddard writes: “ All along the north escarpment of the chalk hereabouts, Clyffe Pypard, Cleveancy, Highway, etc., and I have no doubt continuously on either side, there-‘are many badgers. I should think fifty must have been killed here alone in the last thirty years—probably more.” I should be specially glad of any information about the status of this animal in the county. OTTER (Lutra lutra).—Is decreasing in numbers. [Pin—E Martin (Martes martes).—J. G. Millais (Mammals of Great Britain and Ireland, vol. I1., p. 77) writes: “ Exterminated as long ago as the end of the seventeenth century in Wilts.” | Stoat (Mustela erminea).—Generally distributed. WEASEL (Mustela nivalis) —Generally distributed, [PoLecat (Mustela putorius).—The Devizes Museum contains a pair killed in the Castle Street Meadows, Salisbury, in 1855, and one presumably killed in Savernake Forest (no date). One was trapped between Great Bedwyn and Chisbury in 1885 (.C_AW.S.). “A few certainly linger in North Wiltshire” (J. G. Millais, 1 Tn 1321 William Mitchell held a messuage and land at Middleton Lillebon (Milton Lilborne), Co. Wilts, of the King in capite, by the serjeanty of keeping his Wolf-dogs (Blount, “ Anczent Tenures,” p. 258). By G, Bathurst Hony. 19 Mammals of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. IL.,p,96.—1904), but Mr. Millais can give me no later information, and I think we must, now call it extinct in the county.] Order RODENTIA. Sub-Order DUPLICIDENTATA. Family Leporidae. Rapsit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).—Generally distributed. HarE (Lepus europaeus).—Generally distributed, but off the Downs is much scarcer since the passing of the Ground Game Act. Sub-order SIMPLICIDENTATA. Family Muscardinidae. _ Dormovse (Muscardinus avellanarvus).—Mr, G. Dent tells me that he found a nest and saw the animals at Whernham Gorse, near Martinsel, in the spring of 1909. Mr. Goddard thinks that Fe has heard of this animal in Savernake Forest, but cannot be ———— certain ; likewise Mr. Méyrick, of Marlborough, has no certain information. | Family Muridae. BANK VOLE (Lvotomys gloreolus).—Generally distributed. FieELD VOLE (Microtus agrestis).—Generally distributed. Water VOLE (Arvicola amphibius).—Generally distributed. Woop Mouss (Apodemus sylvaticus)—Generally distributed. _ [DE WhintTon’s Fietp Mouse (Apodemus ee Mr, Harrison described to me some “yellow mice” from Lydiard Millicent which [ think must belong to the present species, but he has not yet succeeded in obtaining specimens for me. I have no doubt that the species will ultimately turn up in the county. | Harvest Mouse (Mycromys minutus).—Was first noticed in England by Montagu in Wiltshire, though the first published account of it was in Gilbert White’s Natural History of Selborne. 1 Since this paper has been in print I am told that a correspondent remem- bers seeing a Polecat bolt from a rabbit hole in a small covert on Mauditt’s ‘Park Farm, near Malmesbury, about the year 1872.—E. H. Gopparp. Chey 20 | The Mammals of Wiltshire. Overlooked, probably generally distributed, but getting scarcer. [Biack Rat (E£pimys rattus).— Probably completely exterminated in Wiltshire. ] Brown Rat (£pimys norvegicus)—Generally distributed. Many white rats were killed in the neighbourhood of Hilmarton some forty years ago (W.A.M., Vol. XX VIL, p, 102). House Mouse (Mus musculus) —Generally distributed. A great many white mice were killed at Calstone in 1893 (ib2d), and I saw one at Bishops Cannings some years ago. Family Sciwridae. SQUIRREL (Scvurus vulgaris).—Generally distributed, but much scarcer lately. A few years ago almost all the squirrels in North Wilts disappeared quite suddenly, probably as the result of some disease. Round Woodborough there has been a very marked de- crease even in the last seven years, while Mr, Goddard writes that at Clyffe Pypard they are now “scarcer than badgers.”’ Order UNGULATA. Family Swidae. [ WitD Boar(Sus scrofa).—Now extinct in Great Britain. Wild Boars, however, existed in Wiltshire till about the end of the six- teenth century, perhaps later. Some were killed in Savernake | Forest about 1540, as we see from the following extracts from the | account books of Edward Seymour of Wulfhall (W.A.M, XV., p. | 173). “Paid to Morse and Grammatts for helpyng to take the | wylde swyne in the Forest 4d.; & for 8 hempen halters to bind | their legs 4d.; . . . & others for sekying wylde swyne in the | Forest 2 days 2/6.” In Grovely there were “ 300 fallow deer and and a number of wild boars” in Elizabeth’s time(W.A.U, XXXIL., | p. 297) ; again, Sir Richard Grobham (who died in 1629, aged 78) | “slew a wild boar in Grovely Woods, which was the terror of all the neighbourhood” (W.A.IL, XXXV., p. 310).] Family Cervidae, Rep Deer (Cervus elephas).—Those in Savernake Forest are true | descendants of genuine wild deer of this county. | By G. Bathurst Hony. 21 Fattow DEER (Dama dama).—Semi-domesticated in Savernake _and many parks. Introduced, probably, by the Romans. Those in Rushmore Park are “of the breed of the old Chase deer ” (Pitt- _ Rivers in King John’s House, p. 21.) ROE-DEER (Capreolus capreolus).—There is abundant evidence that it flourished in this county in prehistoric and Roman times, _ but I only know of one later record. Pitt-Rivers mentions (King John’s House, Tollard Royal, p. 22) that he found “several frag- ments of roe-deer” (bones) amongst the rubbish in the tower of _ that building, which dates from the earlier part of the 13th century. | This evidence of the existence of the Roe in Cranborne Chase _ in post Roman times, seems to have escaped notice hitherto, The : Roe was reintroduced into the Blackmore Vale, in Dorset, in 1800, _ aud occasionally wanders within our boundaries. W. H. Hudson | records seeing one in Great Ridge Wood, Hindon (A Shepherd’s Life | p. 302). It will be seen from the above that (counting the Fallow Deer, _ which is semi-domesticated) there are thirty-one species of mammals recorded from this county. It is almost certain also that two or _ three more bats, and probably De Winton’s Field Mouse (Apodemus | flavicollis), will eventually be added to this list, while itis possible that the Polecat has been removed too soon. I need hardly mention that I should be very grateful for any information (negative as well as positive) about mammals in Wilts, | and I should be- happy to receive any specimens for identification. | I should also be glad if anyone who has an owl tree in his neigh- _bourhood would send me a supply of pellets, for no man knows _ the small mammals of a district as well as the owl which lives on | them. 22 OLD SARUM AND SORBIODUNUM. By Proressor F. Haverrietp, LL.D., D.Lirt., F.S.A. [ Reprinted, with a few additions, from THE ENGLisH HisToRIcAL REVIEW, Vol. xxx., No. exvii., January, 1915. ] Old Sarum is perhaps the most famous of the “villes mortes” of England, and it has good ground for its reputation. Even in Roman times it was an inhabited place, which our antiquaries, ever since Camden, have agreed to identify with the Sorbiodunum or Sorviodunum of the Antonine Itinerary,! and it was—as indeed it almost visibly is to this day—a meeting place of Roman roads. Then comes a blank; the site reappears as an English settlement of some slight importance towards the year 1000, and for two centuries after the Norman Conquest it could boast of a stately cathedral and a castle builtin stone. It has now long lain desolate, but huge mounds and ditches mark its ruin; its outer fosse is 100 feet deep and 150 feet wide, and from the high chalk ridge on which it stands its central mound breaks the sky-line of the landscape for miles around, The earlier English antiquaries of the twelfth and following centuries do not seem to have recognized Old Sarum as a Roman or an ancient place. Geoffrey of Monmouthand Henry of Huntingdon allude to it, but no one would infer from their references that they connected it with any special historic past. A little later, John of Salisbury uses Severia for Sarum and Severiana provincia for Wiltshire, but the appellation does not seem to have been given with any idea that it had been a Roman place; probably it is only a jesting latinization of the two first syllables of its name 1 The name occurs only in the Itinerary, but there twice. On p. 483-4 the manuscripts spell it Sorviodunum, or the like, while on p. 486-13 they give Sorbioduni (onemanuscript Sorbidoni). The older editors and most English writers prefer Sorbiodunum; some later scholars adopt the v. The Peutinger Table mentions a place Sorviodorus in Raetia; otherwise, no Celtic place- names seem to be known that begin with sorb- or sory-. Sir John Rhys tells me that he can find no philological reason for giving a preference to either of the forms. (See Postscript.) Old Sarum and Sorbiodunum. 23 Searobyrig? But if the medieval writers failed to add a chapter of conjecture to what was known about Old Sarum, moderns have supplied the want. In particular, they have tried to fill the gap, or at least a part of the gap, between the Roman age and the end of the tenth century. Thus Guest, in his papers on the English Conquest, classes Old Sarum with Cirencester as two stout fortresses which helped the Briton to stay the invader. John Richard Green, who developed many of Guest’s suggestions, emphasizes in more detail how in the early sixth century “ the fortress of Sorbiodunum or Old Sarum guarded the valley of the Avon and blocked the way to Salisbury Plain. Arms (he tells us) must have been useless against such a stronghold, and, though the Britons were put to flight before its investment, its reduction was probably due rather to famine or to want of water than to the sword.” He connects this siege with the statement in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle that in 552 Cynric routed the Britons at Searobyrig, and thereby obtains a date for the fall of the fortress.” The views of Guest and Green as to the details of the English _ Conquest no longer dominate students as they once did, nor is the | narrative of the Chronicle now accepted as a sure guide to English | history before 600; it is now recognized that, as for example, Mr. _ Hi. M. Chadwick has rightly observed, no contemporary records of the sixth century have been preserved, and it is more than probable | that none such were ever kept. But an attempt to rescue the | importance of Old Sarum, in the spirit of the older writers cited | above, has been made by the Anglo-Saxon scholar just named. | Mr. Chadwick ? urges that while the date of the battle of Salisbury | may be given amiss by the Chronicle, the fact of the battle may | be correct; there may have been a genuine tradition of it, which | the Chronicle embodies. In support of this he points out that Old Sarum was quite unimportant till near A.D. 1000, being ‘ Once each, in his Policraticus (vi. 18, viii. 19). Hence probably Higden | Polychr. 1. 49; Lhuyd, Comment. Brit. fo. 15 ; Leland, Collectanea, ii. 397 and elsewhere. From Leland it passed to later antiquarian writers, * Guest, Orrgenes Celticae, ii. 188; Green, Making of England, pp. 91,92. 3 Origin of the English Nation, p. 23. 24 Old Sarwm and Sorbiodunum, indeed before that overshadowed by its near neighbour Wilton, It is not likely, therefore, that a wholly invented battle would be assigned to Old Sarum. On the other hand, the name Sorbiodunum shows, he thinks, that “fortifications of some kind existed in or before Roman times, and . . . we might naturally expect. that the natives would try to make a stand there.” I confess, I should have thought that if large prehistoric earth- works existed at Old Sarum, they might well have inspired a fiction that a battle had once been fought in them, and that Mr. Chadwick’s. argument really comes to nothing. But I wish here to notice another point. I cannot help thinking that these references to — Old Sarum, and indeed others which I need not detail, rest at bottom on a misconception of the character of the Roman Sorbio- dunum. It was, I believe, a far smaller place than has mostly been assumed. ‘The only evidence that is quite trustworthy in the matter, that of archeological finds, is very significant. These finds. are extraordinarily few. Of structural remains 2m situ there is— with one doubtful exception, to be noted below—unot a vestige. Nobody now believes, with the late Mr. Wright, that the earthworks. are in any part Roman, or with the late Mr. Roach Smith, that. he detected in 1876 a “fine fragment” of Roman masonry standing © as the Roman builder set it.1 The Roman remains of Sorbiodunum — consist, so far is at present on record, of a few small objects, just. enough to prove that buildings stood on the site and that men dwelt in them in the Roman age. The first writer—and almost the last—who mentions Roman | finds is the author of the Antiquitates Sarisburienses, Edward { Ledwich, in 1771.2 He describes and figures the following coins, | all (he says) of copper: he does not give the sizes :— 1Thomas Wright, Wanderings of an Antiquary p, 313; C. Roach Smith, Archeol. Journ. Xxxiil. 295. 2The book appeared in two editions, 1771 and 1777, which differ only in | title page. Both are anonymous; the author was the Irish antiquary, | Edward Ledwich (1738—1823) who was resident in Wiltshire for a short. | time in early life. His authorship has been recognised for some time ; it | is, for instance, given in the British Museum Catalogue (1890). It is, how- | ever, ignored in the Dictionary of National Biography, and Gough (Brit. | Topogr. ii. 319) gave the name as Lechiot—perhaps his printer read | = By Professor F. Haverfield, LL.D., D.Latt., FS.A. 25 1. Hadrian—cos. tI FELICITAS AVG.S.c. Probably Cohen 607. 2. Septimius Severus—VICTORIAE BRIT. Cohen 726, but copper instead of gold. 3. Septimius Severus—PART. MAX.P.M.TR.P.X. Cohen 372, but copper instead of silver. 4. Carausius—FIDELITAS PSR (galley with mast, 4 rowers and 4 oars). Perhaps Webb 668 (FELICITAS RSR), misread. 5. Constantius I[—victorRIA AVGVSTORVM. Cohen 237, but copper instead of gold. 6.—Julian—vota pvsptica (Anubis). Apparently the obverse of Cohen 116 and the reverse of 117. 7.—Valentinian [I—vor v MvLT x. Cohen 68. 8. Theodosius—concorDIA Avaa. Cohen 6. 9. Honorius—VvicrorIa AVGG MD. Cohen 44, but copper instead of gold. The list is curious since no less than four out of the nine coins are otherwise known only in gold or silver. Had Ledwich’s specimens been gold or silver, it is most unlikely that he would not have noted it. On the other hand, it is equally unlikely that one small set of nine coins should contain four varieties in copper which are other- wise known only in the more precious metals. It is not, however necessary to disbelieve in the list altogether; probably Ledwich deciphered the legends and devices of the coins with the aid of ‘some coin-manual, somewhat conjecturally and without due regard to the metals mentioned in it. The only other “ Roman” objects. recorded from Old Sarum before the present century are a spoon and a padlock, found before 1857, and perhaps themselves not Roman. The excavation of the site undertaken in 1909 by Mr. (now Sir) W. H. St. John Hope and Colonel Hawley on behalf of the London Society of Antiquaries has added to this tiny list, but has, so far, dw into ch and ch into ot, for Gough knew, or at least corresponded with, Ledwich, and can hardly have been unaware of his authorship. The fact is clearly stated in a letter from Ledwich to H. P. Wyndham which has been printed in the Wiltshire Notes and Queries (Dec. 1914, No. 88, p. 187) since my article in the Hngl. Historical Review went to press. In this letter, written from Ireland, 8th Oct., 1790, Ledwich says: ‘“‘ above twenty years ago, while chaplain to a regiment, I spent nota few agreeable days in your county and its capital Salisbury. There . . . I writ the following brochures, Antiquitates Sarisburienses and Salisbury Guide . . .” I am indebted to Mr. Goddard for calling my attention to the passage. ! Wiltshire Archeol. Mag., iv., 249. 26 Old Sarum and Sorbiodunum. added little. The whole fruits of the four years seem to amount to eight or nine coins, all of the later empire, and all reported as illegible except a Maximian, some potsherds, a bronze fibula, a bronze armlet, and other metal trifles, a quern from Andernach, some tiles and painted wall-plaster, and lastly a bit of wall in situ which seemed (but could not be proved) to be Roman. The tiles and wall-plaster point to the existence of some more or less civilised dwelling-house, and the net result of the whole list is to show that Old Sarum was an inhabited site in Roman times. But the list is short, and it is not surprising that the excavators, downcast at the scantiness of Roman finds, ventured on the theory that the Roman Sorbiodunum may have been situated below Old Sarum at the village of Stratford-sub-Castle, where a Roman road crossed the Avon on its way to Dorchester, and where water and shelter would have been more plentiful than on the hill.1 However, the village seems to have yielded absolutely no Roman remains, and it is therefore in even worse case than Old Sarum, where the tiles and painted wall-plaster do actually prove some sort of dwellings. Besides, the surface at Old Sarum has been horribly disturbed by post-Roman work: the Castle mound and ditch alone have obliter- ated six or seven acres, and the rest of the site has been much altered by levelling. Unless, therefore, the original Roman buildings were exceedingly extensive and substantial and their inhabitants very numerous, one would not look for many remains here. The truth more probably is that Old Sarum was a small place, a posting-station or a hamlet with a couple of houses. There were many tiny places in Roman Britain. Even of the inhabited spots of which we know the names, quite a large proportion must have been tiny. Even cross-roads did not necessarily involve large towns at the crossings. Seventeen miles east of Old Sarum, the Roman road from it to Silchester, part of an important route, intersects the Roman road from Winchester to Cirencester; there was no town or village at the crossing ; so far as we know, there ! For the finds see Proceedings of the Soc. of Antig. of Lond. xxiii. 151, HES De-chys DI 2 sO-ai7, OI. By Professor F. Haverfield, LL.D., D.Litt., PSA. Diy was not even a house atall, At Venonae (High Cross), nine miles north of Rugby, the Fosse Way and Watling Street cross. Despite the importance of both roads, the remains definitely recorded from the spot hardly rival those of Old Sarum. Nor was the junction of roads at Old Sarum so very serious. We sometimes read that six ways met here. The fact is that the main road from London and Silchester to Dorchester and Exeter ran through it or just outside it, and was joined by a branch from Winchester, and that is allthatis certain. It is possible, as has been often conjectured, that a branch ran off westwards to the lead mines on Mendip, but the traces of this road are extremely unsatisfactory anywhere within thirty miles of Salisbury, and the existence of another road, marked by Codrington and others as running north across Salisbury Plain to Marlborough, is altogether improbable. Sorbiodunum, then, was not the kind of place to develop into a stronghold, Roman or post-Roman, It remains to ask whether the fortifications assumed by the writers cited above could be survivals from pre-Roman days. This is not impossible. The name Sorbiodunum, whatever its first half means, ends in a Celtic word which denotes either a fortification or a hill or a fortified hill, and the actual hill of Old Sarum is one which prehistoric men ) might well have occupied. It would not, however, follow that the camp was a very strong one. Of the eight British sites (excluding _Sorbiodunum) which can be identified with Romano-British names | ending in -dunum, only one, the Celtic capital Camulodunum | (Colchester), shows traces of strong pre-Roman defences, and one, | Maridunum (now Carmarthen), holds a defensible position, and was doubtless a Celtic tribal centre before the Romans came. Most of them—Segedunum (Wallsend), Cambodunum (Slack), Margidunum (Hast Bridgeford, Nottinghamshire), Branodunum (Brancaster), Moridunum (Seaton)—one would not naturally suspect of having ever been hill forts, while the eighth, Uxellodunum (overhanging Maryport), has a splendid site but no trace of pre-Roman occupation. At Sorbiodunum itself there is, as yet, little sign of pre-Roman life. A part, indeed, of its mounds and ditches have been judged older than the Roman; the outer defences have even been assigned to the Bronze Age. This is a point on which we must await the 28 7 Old Sarum and Sorbiodunwm. evidence of further excavation. As yet, only one cutting has been taken through any part of the outer defences which could illustrate the matter, and the meaning of this trench is not quite clear, It appears, as Sir W. Hope and Mr. Montgomerie very kindly tell me, that the Norman wall has here been found standing 17 feet high, with a bank of made ground against its outer face. This outer bank contains two lines of ancient turf-surface which suggest that there was, first, a bank of earth about 4 feet high above the un- touched chalk; then this was raised to 8 feet high, and finally the earth was piled up to 17 feet. The first and second stages in this process seem earlier than the Norman wall, but it is as yeb im- possible to say whether they are to be connected with the English or with the Roman age, or with earlier men. The age of the third is quite uncertain, and as the earth behind the wall has not yet been explored, conjectures are clearly undesirable. Nor, indeed, would it be safe to argue from one section. It may be remarked, however» that nothing prehistoric or pre-Roman seems to have been recorded from the spot, save one neolithic celt found some time ago and three neolithic flakes dug up in the recent excavations.! Moreover, ~ the vast external fosse exceeds the prehistoric scale of fortification as certainly as it exceeds the Roman.2 Whatever early earthworks were here must have been slight enough to be obliterated by the later Norman structures. On the whole, it would seem that — Sorbiodunum cannot be used as a factor in reconstructing the — history either of Roman or of early post-Roman Britain. POSTSCRIPT. Dr. Henry Bradley, one of the editors of the Oxford English Dictionary, and a very high authority on early English philology, | put forward some years ago a conjecture about the derivation of — 1 The celt is in the Blackmore Museum; Goddard, Weltshere Archeol. Magazine, xxxvili. 325. An inscribed gold British coin (VER) is alleged to have been found here, but the provenance seems doubtful ; Journ. British Archeol. Assoc. xv. 297. 2 Maiden Castle, in Dorset, is perhaps the most colossal of the prehistoric fortresses of southern Britain, but its defences at their greatest do not seem — to exceed 60 or 65 feet from crest of rampart to bottom of corresponding ditch. Cadbury, six miles north of Sherborne, is almost as astonishing, but it contains no fosse to rival Old Sarum. | by Professor F. Haverfield, LLD., Ddiutt., FSA. Zo the names Searobyrig and Sorbiodunum or Sorviodunum (Laglish Miscellany presented to Furnivall, 1901), about which he has been kind enough to write to me more fully. He is careful to describe it as only a conjecture, or series of conjectures, but it may be noted here. He thinks that the hill of Old Sarum may have been named after the Avon which flows in the valley deep below it and that this river may in Celtic times have borne the name Sorvios or Sorvia, “gentle.” This form would naturally have passed in early English into something like stere; it may, however, have already in Romano-British times have lost its 7 and changed its o into a. It would then have become Sarva and he points out that the tavennas lists a Sarva among British rivers (p. 437, 11)... Now the name Sarva (he adds) is exactly the form we want to account for Seavo-. This series of conjectures, each of them possible in itself but each only conjecture, would go to shew that Sorviodunum was the true orthography. Sorbio- (he says, if it kept its 7, would naturally have yielded not Searo- but Syrfe). Teannot held thinking that another factor beside pure phonetic change may have been at work here. Searo often occurs in Anglo- | Saxon in composition with other words and is, of itself, a familiar | Anglo-Saxon word; it may have been introduced into the early name of Sarum by the same common process as that by which the | sailor re-names Bellerophon as “BillyRuffian.” There are other cases, | I believe, in which Romano-British place-naines taken over by the | English were altered to fit familiar English words or names, instead | of following the normal phonetic changes. This explanation I / should apply (for instance) to Speen, near Newbury, in Berkshire. It is absolutely impossible to separate Speen from the Romano- British “Spine,” mentioned in the Antonine Itinerary ; it is equally | impossible (according to Prof. Skeat, Berkshire Place-names, p. 112) | to connect the two phonetically. The fact I take to be that the early English found the name “ Spinae,” or some similar form, and | wilfully modified it to agree with one of their own words. 1 The reading is, however, not certain. Of the three best MSS. of the , Ravennas, two have Sarna and I should myself have given this the prefer- _ ence on the account of MS. authority. Previously, those who have troubled themselves about the item in Ravennas have taken Sarva or Sarna to be a | mis-spelling of Sabrina, the Severn. | 30 NOTES ON SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. By THE Rev. Cur. WorDS WORTH, Sub-Dean. TWO CATHEDRAL INVENTORIES, 1624-5 and 1685. The following Inventories of plate, &., in Salisbury Cathedral Vestry (a) in 1624-5—the last year of K. James [., when Dr. J. Davenant was Bishop and J, Bowle was Dean—and (0) in 1685 (subsequently to the Interregnum and the Restoration) were un- fortunately unknown to Mr. J. I. Nightingale, when he issued his fine volume of Church Plate of Wualts, royal 8vo, Salisbury, 1891, in which he devoted pp. 1—11,. 233—245, with Plates I1—IV., to Salisbury Cathedral Plate. The former “Inventary ” of the two now published is preserved in a volume of Collectanea written on folio paper and bound in parchment some years after the Restoration but not later than 1697, in which year it was given by the Rev. Francis Horton (Canon Resid. 1674—97) to Canon Isaac Walton. ‘It contains copies of Communar’s (and other) accounts by Chancellor Drake and others, with miscellaneous items relating to the property of the Cathedral, extracted, at least in part, from a certain “ Liber olim dictus Blew.” 1AN INVENTARY of such Implements and Goods as were in y® vestry Feb. 18, 1624. (1) Imprimis One Silver Cup gilt with a Cover of the same weighing 28 ounces and . (2) One Silver Chalice gilt with a Cover of the same, weighing 24 ounces © and 3. 4 (8) One Lesse Silver Chalice gilt with a Cover of ye same weighing 20 ounces and 4. ; | (4) One Silver Plate white, weighing 4 ounces and half a Q". (5) One Silver Flagon given by Dr. Barnston weighing 58 ounces. 1 Collections from Accounts, &c., a folio book, given by Fra. Horton to |} Canon I. Walton in 1697, p. 81 (“61” in old pagination). The Bursar, who | is responsible for the common property, or Communa Canonicorum is | known as Communaris. Notes on Salsbury Cathedral. 31 (6) One other Flagon given by Dr. Barnston, weighing 57 ounces and 3. (7) One Silver Stoop Pot given by Mr. Low weighing 37 ounces and 2. (8, 9) Two Silver Rods in y* keeping of y* Virgers. (10) One Damask Cloth for y° Comunion Table of the Gift of M'. Painter. (11) A Cloth of Tissue for the Comunion Table. (12, 13) Two Old Diaper Cloths Re carte (14) One fine Diaper Cloth } for y* Comunion Table. (15) One Pulpit Cloth of Red Velvet and Silver. (16) One Pulpit Cloth of Branches and Scutchions. (17, 18) Two Flagon potts for ye Comunion, y® one a Pottle, y® other a Quart, of Tinne. (19, 20) One Black Velvet Cushion with 4 Black Tassells of Spanish silk, of y° Gift of M's. Barnston, with a yellow Buckeram case. (21, 22) Two Long Cushions of cloth of Gold and Red Velvet, lined with Tissue. (23,—26) Foure long Cushions of Blew Velvet and Tissue lined with mingled Serge. (27— 29) Three old long Cushions of Purple Tissue lined w'* Leather. (80) One old Cushion of Blew velvet, square. (81—84) Foure old Long Cushions of Carpet worke. (35) One Long Cushion branched with Green, and 3 yards of Gold lined with Greene. (36—41)- Five [old struck out] Square Thrum Cushions. (42) !One old Cushion of Red Damask embroidered w™ Gold. (43,44) Two Tissue Cushions with flowers green and red, lined;with green Durance. (45—47) Three Crimson Taffata Cushions with Tassells. (48) One long Crimson velvet Cushion with Tassells, lined with Blew China Satten. (49, 50) Two Long Cushions with Tassells of Branched velvet Black and Red, lined with Blue Satten of China. (51—55) Five Green Cloth Cushions. (56—59) Foure Hangings of Yellow Sarsenet, and Two Curtains of Yellow Sarsenet for y* Bishop’s Seat. (60) A faire Cloth of Turky worke for y* Chapter House. (61) One old Turky Carpet Cloth, w* lyeth before M'. Dean. (62—64) Three new Yellow Silk Curtains. (65) A Pall or Burial Cloth of Blew and Red Velvet, with the Garter fringed about. (66, 67) ‘Two old Curtaines of Red Sarsenet, and Yellow Lyons. (68, 69) Two Blew Taffata Cloths lined with Fustion. (70) One paire of Candlesticks of Brass. (71—73) Three old Haircolour Silk Cloths for the Formes at the Comunion Table. (74) One old Square Thrum Cushion. 75) One Old Square Darnix Cushion. (76) One old Square Cushion of Tapistry. 1p. 82 (“° 62” old incorrect numbering). a2 Notes on Sahsbury Cathedral. NOTES ON THE “ INVENTARY ” OF 1624—5. (1), (2) These are no doubt the silver gilt chalices or large Communion Cups with covers, civ. 1600, with Elizabethan strap- work bands. (5), (6) Dr. J. Barnston, founder of a short-lived Hebrew Lecture at Brasenose, Oxford, Chaplain to Lord Chancellor Egerton, was Rector of Everley, Preb. of Bishopston, 1600—1645 ; Canon Resid. and Locum Tenens to Dean Mason,1634. Cf, Wilts N. & Q.,1,, 23, 72-3. He gave these flagons in 1610. They are now gilt. | (6), (30) &e. Some of the “old” pulpit cloths and cushions may not impossibly have been made from remnants of old copes or vest- ments discarded in Bp. Jewel’s time. The Treasurer’s inventory of 1536 contained among cloths for the high altar at least one item which dated from the early part of the fourteenth century. C. Wordsworth, Salisbury Ceremonies, p. 167, art. xviij. § 3. (7) This silver stoup-pot is figured by Mr. Nightingale, and faces p. 9 of his book. It bears the hall mark of 1606; its surface is now gilt. It bears the initials of J. Lowe, one of the counsel for Salisbury Cathedral. (S), (9) One of the silver rods, verges, or staves, bears a dove, the other a lamb, at its summit. There is also a later silver staff inscribed near the handle “Hune Baculum in usum Cancell[aril] Eecle Sarum dedicauit Michael Geddes Ll.D. ejusdem Eccle Cancellus et Canonus A.D.1712.” It was at one time borne by the “Pulpit Verger,” It is surmounted by the arms of the University of Oxford. The third verger at the present day has a wooden (ebony) staff surmounted by a silver fleur-de-lys. (10) Thomas Paynter, Preb. of Woodford, 1581; of Slape, 1582 ; and Shipton, 1587—1614, vir diligentissimus et ecclesice Sar. bono natus, is said to have paid special attention to the preservation and arrangement of the Cathedral muniments (W. H. Jones, Fastz, 418). (15), (16) Pulpit Cloths. Canons Horton and Walton’s folio Collection from Accounts and Leber olam dictus “ Blew” contains on pp. 43—46 (old numbering) a curious list of fees of officials of the Cathedral 3 Oct., 1672. Porter and Bedell received 6s, 8d. | apiece “ pro Panno Nigro Pulpitali,” and the Clerk or Sexton,Zdituus | By the Rev. Chr. Wordsworth, Sub-Dean. 33 ficclesice, received 5s. “pro Dimid. Panno Nigro Pulpitali,” or 10s. if it were of velvet (serico villoso). The Belfry Sexton (Gditwus Campanilis) had a fee of 1s. for blowing the organ at a funeral taking place “temporibus exprecatoriis” (out of service time). “ Mortinola” occurs as the latin for the passing-bell. The senior virgifer had 1s. “pro Cantu Funebri ad chorum.” It will be re- membered that the Cathedral choir went over to Bemerton to sing at George Herbert’s funeral. The payments to the Church Sexton of the Cathedral and to the Porter and Bedell are curious. These officials had been accustomed to have a perquisite of cloth in early times. Great rolls of cloth were spread from the Lamb hostelry (the “ Mitre-house,” or “ Florentine’s corner,’) past “ the chains ”’ to _ the west door of the Cathedral, and so to the high altar, the throne, | and the treasury, or vestry, when Bp. Ri, Beauchamp came (perhaps | barefoot) for enthronement in 1451. One section of the out-of-door | portion of such cloth was given to be distributed among the poor, _ another was the perquisite of the Porter, while of the third section one moiety was the perquisite of the Bedell, the remainder of the out-of-door cloth being shared by the Sexton’s and Porter’s grooms _(garciones). See Salisbury Ceremonies, p. 127." It seems probable | | t | | 1 Dean Pierce’s Miscellanea (p. 69) contains an extract from a record of the fees paid to ‘“‘ministers ” of the Cathedral on account of the dzstribucio pannt on occasion of the “Installation” of Edmund Audley as Bishop, 7th April, 1502. This included the following items :— To the Porter (Janztor) for 50 yards (vergatae) of cloth (at 4d. per yard) 16s. T'o the Bedell and to the Grooms of the Sacrists and of the porter, 130 yards between them £2 3s. 4d | The Altarists, among them [80 yards] £1 6s. 8d. Among the Sacrists, 65 yards, £1 1s. 8d. To the Sub-Treasurer, 36 yards, 12s. According to the arrangements carried out at Bp. Beauchamp’s enthrone- “ment, 5th May, 1451, the Bedell was to have one-half (apparently 65 yards), _and the garcrones or grooms were to share the other half of the cloth spread | within the limits of the Cathedral cimiterzwm. The Altarists’ cloth was | that which extended from the west door, through the nave (which is 764 ‘yards long), up to the door of the choir. There were six “interior” or “antient” altarists to share it. The Sacrists’ portion was the cloth from the choir door to the high altar and thence to the throne. The Subthesau- varius had the 36 yards from the throne to the altar in the treasury. The | VOL. XXXIX.—NO. CXXIIL. D 34 Notes on Salisbury Cathedral. that when funeral sermons came into vogue,! in Tudor times, or later, Pulpit-Cloths were provided at the charge of the estate of the deceased. Such cloths, if used in the nave of the Church, may very probably have become the perquisite of the Doorkeeper and Church Sexton, or of the Bedell, and it may have been the duty of one or other of these ministri to drape the desk, &c., with hangings. The cloth (practically new) was sometimes of con- siderable value (as we shall see in the inventory of 1685) and might, not unnaturally, be sold for another funeral, or hired out; somewhat as a doctor’s or other academic gown, or court dress, may be hired for an occasion from the robe-maker’s. In the parish of St. Edmund's, Salisbury, in the Commonwealth time, an order was made in vestry to fix the “dues at burialls.” Among these charges were payments to their sexton “for making a grave in the church yard and setting his stools, 1s. The same, for passing y® great Bell one hour, 6d., and for laying the Pulpitt cloth when there is a Sermon at the Buryall 6d.,” A.D.1651; Churchwardens’ Accounts (edd. Swayne and Straton, 1896, p. 266). In that city-parish “one Jmbrodered pulpitt clothe” of silk was acquired (or retained) as the property of the Church, being made out of “the Kope, Trans- — lated by wm. Parsons to a pulpet cloth & a cushen, this yeare | 1598,” and there it remained until it was “sould by Mr. Abbott | vpon Accompte” in 1647, but then only to be replaced in April, 1649, by “1 new Pulpit cloth of purple vellett” and a cushion of | the same. There was also at St. Edmund’s a “ purple serge and | silk frenge vallence round about the pulpit” in 1659 (w.s. pp. | 374-5). Although our Cathedral does not appear to have acquired | a black pulpit cloth of its own, we must infer that the funeral gear | when given was claimed by the Masters of the Fabrick or some | such officials, probably for the funds of the Cathedral fabric, and | Porter’s 50 yards of cloth was that on which the Bishop walked from the | } Lamb Hotel to the chain. The new Bishop himself directed the distribution | to the poor—their portion being the cloth from the chain to the entrance of | the cimitervum or consecrated “ Litton.” (Ceremonies, u. s., p. 127.) | 1 Sir N. H. Nicolas gives instances of funeral sermons ordered or desired | in 1463 (every parish in Devon . . . Wilts, &c., for Humphrey Stafford, | Earl of Devon’s soul); in 1521 (at Sir T. Wyndham’s requiem), and in 1538 | (for Sir W. Pelham, Sussex). Zestamenta Vetusta, pp. 301, 582, 682. By the Rev. Chr. Wordsworth, Sub-Dean. 3D that the Porter and Bedell received 13s, 4d. between them as a money compensation for their lost perquisite, probably at the rate which the undertakers had been accustomed to pay them for the rich pulpit cloth. The Church Sexton received 5s. or 10s. for his moiety of the other black drapery the hanging of cloth or velvet. The claimants to the other moiety may have been garciones or altarists (not holding patents of office), so (not improbably) such claim may have lapsed. (17), (18) Flagon potts of tinne. The use of tin for vessels ( fialae stagneae) for bringing wine and water to the altar (of St. Nicholas, and that of St. Thomas the martyr) was not unknown in the thirteenth century. Salisbury Ceremonies, pp. 181-2. Pewter and glass were in use at the latter altar in 1389 (quinque phiole de pewdre, Item ij olle de pewdre, quarum vtraque de vno pynto pro aqua, ij candelabra enea parua; Item vij olle vitree magne, pro pane conseruando.” id. p. 299.) (43), (44) Durance. Shakespeare makes his Prince Hal use this word in both its senses (K. Hen. IV.,1.,2. Cf. Comedy of Frrors, iv., 2). (lvi.)—(lvix.). Cf. Dr. Legg’s Canterbury Inventories. (65) The Garter. Was this pall taken from the Beauchamp Chantry? Cf. note (6), (30), &c. (70) Candlesticks of brass. “Brass Candlesticks pro Altari” were purchased for 10s. by the Clerk of the Fabrick in 1660. When Cosmo the Third, de’ Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, visited Salisbury Cathedral from Wilton on a week-day after Haster week in May, 1669, when Dr. Brideoak, the Dean, officiated, there was a violet cloth on the altar and the two brass candlesticks,! Perhaps the silver gilt candlesticks, presented by Sir Robert Hyde in 1663 (Nightingale, p. 10) were reserved for use at the time of celebrations of the Eucharist. _ (71)—(73) These hair-colour silk cloths were presumably | houseling-cloths.2 In earlier generations hair cloths were generally _ 1 Travels of Cosmo the Third, Grand Duke of Tuscany, through England, during the Reign of King Charles II., 1669. (Translated from the MS. | Narrative written by Count Lorenzo Magalotti.) 4to. London, 1821. Quoted by Benson and Hatcher, Salzsbury, pp. 458—9. | *See Dr. J. Wickham Legg’s English Church Life from 1660 to 1833 | (1914), p. 56. Dp 2 36 Notes on Salisbury Cathedral. used as altar coverings.1 Thus “two here clothis” were among — “parcels” left by the King’s Commissioners in the church of St. Denys, Stanford-in-the-Vale, about Oct., 1552. There were — ‘four heeris to lay upon the altars” at St. Christopher le Stocks | in 1488. At the Restoration, in 1660—61, £1 18s. 6d. was spent on other “ Formes for ye Communion.” “ Wine, pro integro Anno, — 3l. 4s. 1d.” (Drake’s Collection, p. 90). (75) Darnix, “An inferior kind of damask, wrought of silk, wool, linen thread, and gold, in Flanders,” and more especially at Dorneck, 7.¢., Tournay. Dr. Rock and Mr. Maskell. Teatile Fabrics © (South Kensington, 1876), p. 72. It may be borne in mind that when some of the Parliamentarian soldiers raided the Cathedral early in August, 1644, the stolen plate was returned by the Parliament, although the raiders were allowed to share the loot of copes, surplices, tippets, hoods, &c.? THE List oF BENEFACTORS TO SALISBURY CATHEDRAL CHURCH AND LIBRARY. A folio volume of Miscellanea collected principally by Dr. T.% Pierce, Dean of Salisbury 1675—1691, and in part in connexion with his dispute with Bp. Seth Ward, is preserved in the Cathedral Muniment House, or Upper Treasury. It is bound in old brown ealf, tied with strings which originally were variegated in five” colours. Among the contents which, so far as I am aware, have not been heretofore described, are an Inventory of Plate and Ornaments of the Cathedral, 1685 (printed below) a List of Bene- factions to the Library and the Fabrick and Furniture of the | Cathedral, compiled in 1676 (here printed as our next document),/} a Prayer for the Dedication Day (likewise printed here), and the memoranda. There is a rough index at the beginning, and at the other end of the volume is Dean Pierce’s account of annual Profits} (Proficua) and Expenses in the “ Deanry,” A.D. 1675—91. i method of Procedure at a Pentecostal Synod or Chapter, and other iv. pp. 152—5. | 2A Perfect Diurnal, Aug. 5—12, 1644, cited by Benson and Hatcher,| Salisbury, p. 397. | By the Rev. Chr. Wordsworth, Sub-Dean. od THE LIST OF BENEFACTORS TO SALISBURY CATHEDRAL CHURCH. Drawn up in A.D. 1676. 1CatTatogus BENEFACTORUM in amplissima Hac Ecclesia B. M. Sarum aut aliquamdiu commorantium, aut exinde prodeuntium, aut aliorum quorumcunque, qui Symbola sua contulerunt in Fabricam Ecclesiae, et speciatim Bibliothecae, sivé augendam, slve ornandam, sive in tuto conservandam. In cuiusmodi Beneficentiae me- moriam gratam perpetuamque, Decretum est a Decano & Capitulo anno Salutis Reparatee 16 [h.e. A.D. 1676], ut ipsa Nomina BENEFACTORUM omni zere perenniora in hoc Albo sive Registro legenda prostent. 2 Optimorum Virorum qui sive Fabricam sive Bibliothecam Ecclesiz B. Marie Sarum Beneficijs ornarunt, Memorize & Honori Columnam hance satis rudem, sed gratijs & obsequio venustatam erigi curavit Decanus & Caprtulum, 1676. Memoria justorum in benedictionibus. 1. * Brtanus [Duppa], Cicestrensis primo, dein Sarum [A.D. 1641—60], postremd Winton Episcopus, erigendo Organo pneumatico legavit [A.D. 1662] £500. 2. Humphredus [ Henchman] Episcopus Sarum [1660—1663] Tabulatum opus poné SS. mensam, auro et pigmentis venustatum, necnon cancellos eam circumcingentes, erigi curavit suis sumptibus. 3. Edvardus [Hyde], Comes de Clarendon, peristromata de serico villoso, fimbrijsque aureis intertexta dono dedit ornande Altaris parti orientali ;— £170. 4. Robertus Hyde, summus Angliz Justitiarius, marmore albo nigroque distinxit pavimenta infra Altaris septa: addidit etiam Candelabra duo deaurata £62. 5. Jacobus Hyde, M.D., duas patinas deauratas dedit. 6. Dr. [Johannes] Barnston Canonicus olim Residentiarius [A.D. 1634 —45] duo Oenophora (Lagenas vocant) argentea dono dedit. 7. Dr. [Johannes] Sellick Pracbendarius [de Rotescamp, 1660—90] pelvi deaurate oblationibus recipiendis antique (ex cujus autem dono nondum compertum) augendee dedit £20. 8. Brigetta, Relicta Johannis Earles nuper Sarum Episcopi [qui obijt A.D. 1665], pallam una cum frontibus, necnon pulvinum SS. Altari: pulpito etid4m vestem pulvinumque segmentis aureis sericoque intertexta in me- moriam mariti dono dedit. 9. Capitulo procurante & Decano, Calici uni deaurato Eucharistico noviter auro superinducto, alter ex argenteis quibusdam vasis mutilatis fabricatus additur. 10. Uxor Gul. Wenslow, nuper Vicarij Choralis pulvinum dedit de Tramaserico albo, acu pictum regijs insignibus, alijsque figuris adornatum. —y 1 Dr, T. Pierce’s Miscellanea, p. 72. SON vioh apie, Col, af 38 - Notes on Salisbury Cathedral, 11. Alexander [Hyde] Episcopus Sarum [A.D. 1667] legavit Biblia Polyglotta Waltoniana, Hammondi Annotationes in Vovum Testamentum cum quibusdam alijs libris. 12. Richardus Bailey, Mercator Londinensis, in memoriam [ Ric. Bailey]. patris sui, Decani Sarum [A.D. 1635—1667] dedit Bibliothecze £40; quibus empti nn libri, quorum singulis est inscriptum Decani nomen atque insignia Gentilisia. 13. Richardus Watson, Sancte Theologie Professor, Preebendarius de Bitton [ab anno 1671], vestem Sacerdotalem (Capam vulgo dictam.) necnon Origenis Adamantij opera 2 Voluminibus comprehensa [ed. Rothomagi, 1688] dono dedit : Billa autem indentata promisit Bibliothecze Sarum Libros suos, reservato sibi singulorum usu durante vita sua naturali. 14. Rodolphus Sanderson, prebendarius [de Netheravon, 1662—80] dedit in usum Bibliothecee £7 10s. 15. Dr. (Thomas] Locky, prebendarius [de Alton Australi, 1660—72], in usum ejusdem £2. 16. Johannes Stephens, Succentor [1660—75] dedit £10. 17.1 Henricus Whitehead, armiger, £2. 18. Johannes Evelin, miles, £10. 19. Thronus Episcopalis, expensis Sethi [Ward] Episcopi [ab. A.D. 1667]. 20. Stallum Decani, expensis Rodolphi [Brideoake] Decani [1667—75]. 21. Stalla autem Archidiaconorum & Canonicorum necnon pavimenta Presbyterij conjunctis omnium expensis, uti videre est in libro Capitulari dicto Greenhill 16.—strata sunt erecta et ornata. 92. Edoardus Lowe, LL.D. & Miles [Vicarius generalis Episcopi Saris- buriensis, A.D. 1671—82]stallum Cancellariatus [ Diocoeseos] suis sumptibus erexit ornavitque ; addidit etiam Bibliothecee £5. 23. Johannes Drake, Richardi [ Drake, ab anno 1663] Cancellarij frater germanissimus, dono dedit £5; cum quarum 4 compara? sunt Biblia SS. in Altari collocata: reliqua pars cessit in Scamnum inter Altaris septa augmento autem addito, uti videre est in computis Fabrice, £5. 24, Humphredus Hyde de Kingston, Armiger, legavit Ecclesiz Sarum £5. 95. Administrator bonorum Doctoris [Johannis] Priaulx, Archidiaconi Sarum [A.D. 1671—74] in fratris memoriam dedit £2. 96. Dr.[{Gulielmus] Lloid, Canonicus [1667—80],practer Henrici 8% vitam per [D. Edwardum] Baronem Herbert [de Cherbury, A.D. 1672 editam] dedit £2. 27, Jacobus Long de Drayton, Baronettus, dedit in usum Fabrice £20. 98. Dr. Richardus Clayton, Canonicus, moriens [A.D. 1676] dedit in usum fabric £20. 29. Mr. Richardus Hill [1666—95] Alam (quam vocant) australem Ee- clesiz Cathedralis, ab introitu ad Suggesti Gradus, lapidibus quadratis stravit expensis suis circiter £60. 30. Henricus [Hyde] Comes de Clarendon [1638—1700], Pavimenta Nauis Ecclesiz Cathedralis ab occidentali Jntroitu, sedilia noviter erecta pertingentia quadratis lapidibus ornavit £105. 1p, 73, col. b. ? Compara : (s?c). By the Rev. Chr. Wordsworth, Sub-Dean. 39 31 (a). Ornatissimus Ds Stephanus Fox, Eques merito Auratus [A.D. 1665], Famulusque Regis in incertis etiam certissimus, eoque nomine nobis non sine summo semper honore, serisque posteris memorandus, Nedilibus in Navi Kcclesiz construendis, munificentissimaé eademque pientissima manu dedit septem supra ducentas libras :—£207. 31 (6). Sedilia autem disponuntur in Tabul& quadam. Salva semper Episcopo, Decano reliquisque Dignitarijs et Canonicis, de tempore in tem- pus potestate electiva, suo cuique ordine, et secundum uniuscujusque Dignitatis prerogativam, prout uxoribus eorundem melius videbitvr ex- pedire. 32. Mr. Galfridus Daniel [prope Marlbourgh] legavit supremz volun- tatis Testamento £2. go Mr [Edmundus] Sly, preebendarius [de Durnford] hujus seal eehes, [1663—1677] legavit in usum Bibliothecz £5. 7 34. Henricus Coker, Miles in Fabricam ecclesiz £10 tradidit in manus M" Ward, qui nondum in usum Fabrice eam summam exsolvit, £10. 35.2, Thomas Pierce, S.T.P. Decanus Sarisburiensis [1675—1691] Legavit supreme voluntatis testamento in usum Fabrice Hujus Ecclesiz £100. 3 According to y* Act of Parliament for Alteration of certain Holydays in _K. Hen. 8’s Time, A.D. 1536, The Dedication of Churches is to be celebrated on y° first Sunday in October forever & upon no other day. The Thanks- giving on w day is a Translation or paraphrase of y® latin one of Queen ee 1560. ETERNAL & Almighty God, who art y* Resurrection & y® Life of of all y' believe in Thee, & who art always to be praised in all thy Works and Benefits, We give yee most humble & hearty thanks for all thy Benefits & Blessings convey’d unto us by ye pious Founders of this Church, 'w*" was dedicated (as on this day) to thy Name & Service; & by all other our Benefactors who have contributed herein to thine Honour & Worship 'Humbly beseeching yee to grant, that we, using these thy Blessings to y® Advancement of thy Glory, may together with thine Elect receive a perfect Consummation of Blisse & Joy in thy Kingdom. And this we beg at thy Hands even for Jesus Christ his sake our only Advocate and Mediator. | Amen. Nores ON THE LIST OF BENEFACTORS, A.D. 1676. It is not quite clear whether Dean Pierce intended the book of Miscellanea, (in which the list occupies p. 73 with parts of pp. 72 and 74,) to be the “Albwm sive Registrum,” of which the elegant latin exordium makes mention, or whether it was only a rough l p. 74. 2 This last entry was written with blacker ink than the rest of the list of Benefactions, and in a hand which I think may be that of the Rev. W. Powell, subcommunar. 3 Pierce’s Miscellanea, p. 6. } | | | | 40 | Notes on Salisbury Cathedral. draught for some more elaborate Donation-Book. It will perhaps — be recollected that Dr, John Wordsworth, the late Bishop, when holding his Visitation of the Cathedral in 1888, drew attention to — the 24th statute of Bp. Roger de Mortival, who (when requiring © in 1319 that the names of Abbots and Abbesses,who gave a choral — cope on occasion of coming to Salisbury to receive the customary — benediction from the Bishop of the Diocese, should be recorded) directed that “the names of all who confer any valuable gift upon the Cathedral Church should, together with the nature of their gift, be entered in detail in the register of the Church, in order that their © memorial may be specially kept in the roll of Benefactors of the © same.” My brother desired that such names should be “entered in a perpetual kalendar, either under the days of their death, or under any other day specially connected with their memory.” | No.1. In 1667 the chapter decided to send for Mr. Harris, the 7 organ-builder, to repair the organ. Regist. Shuter, Johnson, &e. p. 35. Bp, Duppa’s Organ was superseded by the organ built by Renatus : Harris in 1710, of which there are engravings in the Cathedral | Library and at the Municipal Offices, &e. The Fabrick Account of \ 1660—61 includes disbursements for bringing the Organ from | Hampton and unloading it: also £120 “to Mr. Johnson for ye | Organ.” For Song Books, £15, Raile about ye Communion Table, } £7. Wainscot for y® Consistory, Silkman’s Bill pro Throno Hpis- i copt, £5 16s. Formes for y® Communion, £1 18s. 6d, Poa | Song Books, £1 138s. 4d., &c., &e. | INo: 3.) These) velivet ee with gold fringe, are e mentioned | as (x) (xi) in the Inventory of 1685, Nos. 3, 4, 5, 11, 24, the gift | of the Hyde family, here recorded, give colour to the opinion ex- | pressed in Benson and Hatcher’s Mist. of Salisbury, p. 459, n., in | which the Rev. EK. E. Dorling concurs, that these were chief at | least among “ the loyal gentry of that diocese’ who anonymously employed workmen, sometimes on the inside, and at other times > on the outside, of the Cathedral, ‘during the whole time of the| | Civil Wars and the King’s exile,” as Dr. Walter Pope has stated | | in his Life of Bishop Seth Ward, chap. x., Cassan’s Lives of Bishops! of Sarum, iii. 72-3. if By the Kev. Chr. Wordsworth, Sub-Dean. 41 No. 7, The almsdish re-made by T. N. in 1672 out of an older basin, enlarged to a diameter of 224 inches, by Dr. John Sellick’s gift, bears the inscription “ Cum Substantia Honora Dominuwm.” No. 8. “Mrs. Bridget Earles”? was made sole legatee by her husband’s (Bp. J. Earle’s) laconic nuncupative will. (Cassan, Bps. of Sarwm, iii. 24). He was taken ill and died at the Master’s “Lodging,” Univ. Coll., Oxon, having had to attend as Chaplain when the King and Queen’s courts went thither on account of the Plague in London and Westminster, A water-colour portrait of Mrs. Earle was procured by Bishop Wordsworth, and now hangs in “ Bp. Burgess’ Room” at the Palace. No. 9. See p. 43, item (v.). ef. Reg. Shuter, Johnson, &c., p. 34, “de permutatione Poculi Eucharistici,” 11 Oct., 1667. No. 10. Tramasericum or tramoserica, 1¢., “ tissue,’—“ pannus qui stamina ex lino, tramam vero ex serico habet; tissu dont la trame est de soie et la chaine de lin (Ugutio).” Maigne d’Arnis, Lexicon Manual. Wensley was altarist at the Restoration in 1660. (Regist, Shuter, &e., p. 7.) No. 11. Bp. Brian Walton’s Polyglot, 6 vols. (in 7), folio, 1655-7. Dr. H, Hammond’s Annotations on the N. T., ed. 2, folio, 1659. No. 13. Dr. Watson’s gift of a cope in 1671 instead of cope- money (or “‘cape-money, as some of the later dignitaries wrote the word), carried out the intention of Abp. Laud and his Com- missary, expressed at the Visitation of Salisbury Cathedral in 1634. (Wilts N. & Q.,1., p. 70). The Dean and Chapter recorded their thanks to their fellow prebendary for the 2 vols. of Origen “ e¢ pro Capa Sacerdotali.” Regist. Shuter Johnson and Greenhill, p. 57, A.D. 1672, The promised books were duly fetched from Pewsey, where Dr. Watson had been rector, by Mr. I. Horton in 1685, 55s. being paid in expenses, and in 1686 the joiner charged £12 14s. 10d. for making 4 new desks, and bookcase, for the Cathedral library. No. 16. Suecentor Stevens had the charge of Homington parish in 1667. No. 18. Sir John Evelyn, of Wilts, first cousin to the diarist. No. 20. The desk of Dean Brideoak’s stall, with well-carved 42 Notes on Salisbury.Cathedral. — ends representing trees and clasped hands, a rebus on his name, is — preserved: in the Morning Chapel, No. 23. Dr. Rawlinson prints the inscriptions on the memorial slabs in the north aisle of the Cathedral commemorating several members of Chancellor Ri. Drake’s family, and among them John Drake, his “/rater germanissimus” who for sixty-five years “ walked with God—Pede quidem claudo, arrecto Corde—” and died of fever on the morrow of Michaelmas 1678, (Antiquities of Salisb. and Bath Abbey, p. 62.) Considerable amounts were paid for painting and gilding “ye Raile” and making “y® Lower Raile” in 1662—38, (“cutting Stars for ye Canopy over the Organ, 3s. 4d.). In Nov., 1667, £1 was spent on “Common prayer Book with Fillets and Strings, for y° Communion Table”: and in Sept., 1668, £6 18s. 4d. for “ Anthem books in part.” (Wadlton’s 4to. p. 308). No, 31 (a). Sir Stephen Fox (1627 —1716), father of Stephen, Karl of Ilchester and Henry, Lord Holland, is said to have been in his boyhood a chorister of the Cathedral. He assisted Charles to escape after Worcester. He managed his household in Holland, . and among other good works he promoted the founding of Chelsea Hospital. He was M.P. for Westminster in 1679 ; and for Salisbury in 1661 and in 1714—16. No, 31 (0). This refers to the allotment of seats printed on pp. 48—50, whence the note “Salva semper . . . expedire” ig derived. No. 32. The Daniel family occupied a house on the site of the old Gilbertine Priory of St. Margaret, to the south of Marlborough, and now the property of R. W. Merriman, Esq. No. 34. Sir H. Coker, a Commissioner under the Corporations Act. “Mr. Ward” was perhaps Seth Ward the younger, one of the Bishop’s nephews, whose pre-election, c. 1676, toa residentiary canonry caused disappointment to Dean Pierce's friend and old pupil Cornelius Yeates, Vicar of St, Mary’s, Marlborough, and occupies a place in the Appendix to the Dean’s Vindication of the King’s Sovereign Rights. Mr. Yeates was collated to Bishopstone prebend in Bp. Burnet’s time, 1691—6, and to the Archdeaconry of Wilts by the Rev. Chr. Wordsworth, Sub-Dean. 43 1696—1720, which Canon Ward had held in 1675—81, as his younger brother, Thomas Ward, also did in 1687—96. The Latin order and form of prayer In Commendationrbus Benefactorum is printed in the Parker Society’s Liturgies and Oc- casional Forms of Prayer set forth in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, edited by W. K. Clay, 1847, p. 432, from Reg, Wolf’s edition of 1560, intended for use in Colleges at the end of every term. The collect runs thus:—‘“ Domine Deus, resurrectio & vita credentium, qui semper es laudandus, tam in viventibus, quam defunctis, agimus tibi gratias pro fundatore nostro .N. ceterisque bene- factoribus nostris, quorum beneficiis hic ad pietatem & studia literarum alimur: rogantes ut nos his donis ad tuam gloriam recte utentes, una cum illis ad resurrectionis gloriam immortalem per- ducamur. Per Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen,” SALISBURY CATHEDRAL INVENTORY, A.D. 1685, 1 An inventorie of ye Comunion Plate & other ye choicest goods belonging to ye Cathedral Church of Sarum, now in ye keeping of ye Vestry-Sexton Edward Ghillo, or his mother ye Widow Ghillo in his behalf for w security ought to be given by yé 11th statute de Rebus Kcclesiae conservandis ; &c., by ye 57 de Thesauro & Fabrica. ——— Item Was At first | Present Wo. Plate and Goods. Weighing. ee Value: (i.) Gi.) | 2 Silver Patens gilt 30 ounces & 4/1314 6| 9 9 O ae 1 Silver Bason gilt 80 ounces & 4 | 36 4 6] 614 8 iv.) (v.)| 2 Silver Bowles with | Covers gilt 52 ounces & 4 | 2312 6] 15 15 O (vi.) | 1 Silver Yewer 37 oun: & 4 LS eGal 29986) 238 (vil) | 1 Silver Flagon 58 oun: ly 8 Ol 14 1@ © a 1 Silver Flagon 57 oun: 4 ly 8 ©} ia 7B ix.) | 1 pair of Silver Candle- a = sticks gilt } 119 oun. : 3 8 1 © |) sy yw 4352 ounces. (x.) (xi.)) The velvett hangings for ye Alter w'" Gold Lace, The Cloth of Gold be- LWOmO SOL 80-0. 0 hind ye Communion aa table with gold fringe £1343 3 6 1 Dean Pierce’s Miscellanea, p. 127. 44 Notes on Salisbury Cathedral. Item No. Plate and Goods. Present Value. (xii.) | The Cloth of Tishue Carpett for the Comunion Table FEES 25 0 0 (xili.) A Cloth of Tishue Carpett for pet oe \ Comunion Table (xiv.) A Pulpit Cloth of Gold & a Cushion of ye 50 0 0 same given by Bp. Karle’s Relict [c. 1665] } (xv.) A Pulpit Cloth & Cushion of wrought velvett | 5 0 O (Xvl.) A Carpet of silk & silver, usually layd before Bog A the Judges, with a cushion of ye same (xvil.) (xvili.) | 2 velvet Cushions wrought w' Silver & Gold 2 Oo given by Capten Davy (xix.) One mohair Tishue Cushion 6 8 (xx.) One white Satten Cushion, w ye King’s|| 4 0 0 : Armes, wrought in gold & silke on it | (xx1.) One old silk Cushion, w*" wants mending 2-6 (xxli.—xxiv.) | Three Damaske table clothes, where of one was given by Dr. Drake [Chanc. of Cat| 110 0 edral, 1663—81 | (xxv.) (xxvi.) | 2 Damaske napkins 3) ky i Coxvant) One pair of brasse Candlesticks [1660—61] LO” © (XXVII1.) One large brasse Sconce 4° 0 20 (xxix.) (xxx.) | 2 lesser Sconces of Pewter 110720 (XXXL) (xxxii.) | 2 Surplices given by Dr. Drake 2 On) 351 9 11 This Inventorie was made by Mt Frome and Mr George Low in ye pre- sence of ye Dean & Chapter, and these values were taken by Mr.Naish & ye st Mr Low, goldsmiths, about y® 18" of Octobt, 1685. The thinges con- sidered as old are valued at no more then 3517. 9s. 11d. But considered as new or as they were in y'" 1st estate they are valued at above 50000. NOTES ON THE INVENTORY OF 1685. Items (i.) (i1.). These silver-gilt patens are not specified in the earlier Inventory of Feb., 1624—5, but are still extant (marked 1661) and they were given by Dr. James Hyde (M.D,), Principal : of Magdalen Hall. Item (iii.). The silver-gilt Bason does not appear in 1620. Items (iv.) (v.), These “ Bowles,” with covers, may probably be the “Cup ” and the larger “ Chalice” of 1625, but the smaller chalice weighing 204 ozs., and the plate of 43 ozs. seem to have been among the broken plate (mutilatwm, see p, 41, no. 9) possibly ‘-) e -g e By the Rev. Chr. Wordsworth, Sub-Dean, 45 damaged at the time of the raid in 1644, which subsequently, in accordance with the Chapter Act of 1662 or that of 11th Oct., 1667, was melted down to make a second chalice when the other was newly gilt. In Dec., 1667, £1 8s. was paid “for Altering y® old Com: Plate into a Chalice like ye former.” Fabrick Account. ‘Item (vi.). The silver “Stoop Pot” (given by Mr. Low) has become an “ Yewer” in 1685. It is still in frequent use. It is silver gilt and is described by Mr. Nightingale as dated 1606, and bearing the arms and initials of John Lowe, Esq., who, with Laurence Hyde, was counsel for the church, and was appointed one of the quorum in the Charter of K. James, 1612 (Wilts Plate, ppyon LO): Items (vii) (vil.). The “‘ Flagons” (Dr. Barnston’s gift) may be identified with Nos. (5), (6), above. They are called “ Oenophora ” or “ Lagene” in 1676, Mrs. Ghillo,’ widow of the late Verger, was perhaps the widow of that name who wasa “Sister” at At, Nicholas’ Hospital. Her son, Edward, the Vestry Sexton, had been a chorister in 1670. He was at one time told he was not so efficient as his father had been. He and his mother were, appar- ently, not responsible for the charge of the Vergers’ rods. Item (ix.). The large silver gilt candlesticks had been given since the Restoration. Items (xili.) (xix.). Jan., 1665—6, was paid to “Mrs. Earl’s mayd, bringing the Altar-cloth and cushion, and Pulpit-cloth and cushion, her Gift, £1.” Fabrick Account (Walton’s 4to., p. 301). Items (xiv.) (xv.). As to Pulpit-cloths, see p. 33. Dr. J.C. Cox, while observing that in English Churches in the time of Queen Elizabeth there was less preaching than in previous and later reigns, notes that in 1593 the churchwarden of St. Martin’s-in- the-Fields was presented “before Mr. Doctor Stanhope for not having a pulpett cloth,” and that in the ensuing year £4 were accordingly expended on ‘‘3# yards of blacke velvett with frindge and Buckram,” with a further payment of 24s. “for ye flowers thereon ymbroidered.” Dr. Cox gives other instances of the prices, materials, and colours of pulpit hangings (Churchwardens’ Accounts, ‘The name is variously spelt “ Ghillo,” “ Gillo,” and “ Gillow.” 46 Notes on Salisbury Cathedral. Mowbray, 1913, pp. 157-8). In the receipts of the Fabrick Account of the Cathedral for 1664—5 one item is “ Of an vnknown Person, who desires to have it Laid out ona Crimson Velvet Cushion for y® Pulpit, £2.” : Items (xvii.) (xvill.) I have not found any further reference to Capt. Davy. Item (xxvu.) Two brass candlesticks are mentioned in 1625 as No. (70). It seems, however, that these had been lost, for the Fabrick Account of 1660—61 includes the payment of 10s. for “ Brass Candlesticks pro Altart.” (Walton’s Quarto, p. 295). Item (xxiii.) Oct. 1662, “ For y® Branch, £8,’ 1 No mention is made in the foregoing inventory of the cope which had been given in 1672 by Dr. R. Watson and accepted by the Chapter.? Possibly the Gillow family had not the charge of the cope-chest. Copes were retained “in continuous use in Durham Cathedral and in Westminster Abbey until the middle of the 18th century.” (J. O. Coop, in Harford and Stevenson’s Dict. P. Book, p. 248). They may perhaps have been disused at Salisbury in the time of Dean T. Greene, 1757—80, or somewhat earlier, when wigs and snuff prevailed. ORDER OF SEATS IN THE NAVE OF THE CATHEDRAL IN 1677. It seems probable that the nave of Salisbury Cathedral was used for preaching in Jacobean times, as an inscription, in large Roman letters, “ What, not one hour?” (referring to St Matt., xxvi., 40) was painted on the unpolished Purbeck main shaft of one of the pillars to the preacher’s left hand on the south side, where the pulpit in the nave was then set (7.¢,, at the feet, probably, of the elder Earl William Longespé’s monument as now placed). At the time of the Plague of London K. Charles IT. with his 1 On “ Branches” for candles, see Dr. Wickham Legg’s Hngl. Church Life (1914) pp. 144—5, 209. 2 See above, p. 41. It appears not merely that the levying of “cope- money” was resumed immediately after the Restoration, £76 being collected in 1660—61 and carried to the Pabrick Account, but that the cope-chest was made ready, buckram being purchased for it (1s.) in Sept., 1663. (Walton’s Quarto, p. 298.) By the Rev. Chr. Wordsworth, Sub-Dean. 47 (Queen and court stayed at Salisbury from the end of July to September, 1665. Chancellor Richard: Drake has recorded—in a book of accounts, &c., which Canon Francis Horton passed on to Canon Isaac Walton (the son of the Piscator Izaak) in 1697 (p. 144), that when the King was at Salisbury the Canons Residentiary preached their morning sermons in the presbytery,! and the Prebendaries, taking a Sunday Turn, preached in the afternoon in the nave. | A few years later in Bp. Seth Ward’s time, fixed seats were put up in the nave, in 1676-7 (Fabrick Account, p. 97) and in 1677 the Bishop, Dean, and Chapter appointed an Order of Seats or Sittings for Inhabitants of the Close. | | Two copies of this list of sittings are now extant in late seven- teenth century collections preserved among the Cathedral muni- | ments :— | (a) On f. 9 of the folio volume of Collectanea written (as we _ have mentioned) mainly in the handwriting of Isaac Walton (son _ of Piscator “Izaak ”) in which the Canon signed his name in 1697, (0) On pp. 362-3, the concluding pages of a quarto book of | Collectanea, which likewise belonged to the younger Walton when | he was Canon Residentiary (1678—1719), and which he intended to bequeath to Dean Young, who, however, predeceased him, and | he therefore left it to Dean Younger, who lived until 1728. Sub- j sequently (cor. 1757—88) it passed into the hands of a Canon | named William Powles (not, of course, the poet), and so in 1788 | to Dean J. Ekins, and in 1808—1826 to Canon C. Ekins. It is | now deposited in the Cathedral Library, and having Walton’s _name on the vellum back, is known as “ Walton’s quarto Collection.” This 4to volume consists of transcripts by a clerkly though not a scholarly hand from Chancellor Drake’s Collections which are in | the Cathedral Muniment Room. Drake, who was Residentiary /Canon and Communar, &c., as well as Chancellor (cir. 1663—81), evidently intended to include the list of sittings in his own col- lection, as he made it2 the last item in a table of contents. But | 1“ Inter” (or, as Walton writes it in his own folio MS. Collections, f. 5° intra) Septa Altaris Inferiora,” or, as we should say, in the choir pulpit. i > “The Order of Seats in y* Church appointed by y* Bp. Dean & Chapter, ni 1677.” | ] 48 Notes on Salisbury Cathedral. it does not now appear in that dilapidated and much-used set of folio sheets which I have tied up in a portfolio in the Muniment Room. The list of seats was intended to occupy either p. 128, which is blank, or perhaps did occupy p, 129, which may have been lost or mislaid, as the two leaves which now follow and are (almost) blank are lying loose in the cover, and are marked 129—152 in recent pencilling. Drake’s list, thus lost, was, presumably, the archetype of both (a) and (bd). Our text is printed from (0) with some corrections, or variants, from (@). 1 Ae Dini) 1677. ) This Order of ye Seates within the Cathedral Church of Sarum is appointed by y® Rt. Rev‘. y° Lord Bishop & y* Dean & Chapter for ye Inhabitants of y® Close.? Seates On THE SouTH SIDE. S~ 1. ‘The Lord Bishop ; : : : : 11 2. The Dean & (“ Chapter” corr. to) Chanter . 12 3. The Chancello" & Archdeacon of Sarum Say regal’ 9 4. Canon Hill, Horton, Lloyd . : : : 20 5. Sub-Dean & Sub- Ghaneer i : F SH 6. S. Tho: Mompesson & M. iamdhen : ; 21 i.) Mire Cheam 6 Mire Eni 7 é : E 13 8. M*. Harris, M*. Ashley, & M'. Freinet ; 3 4 9. D*. Turberville, M’. Gardiner, & M'. Hawles. 29 10. M:. Swanton & Mr. Stephens : : 3 Ms. Davenant, M's. Miller & M"s Prince : 5 M"s, Sambrook, Eastchurch, and Johnson . 15 Ms, Langford, Woodford . : d ; 23 M's, Cole, Frome, Edmonds . : : 31 Vicars and Laymen 1 ig) tscoee Wives Women Servants of Churchmen & Gentry two Back-Seates behind y™ 14. School Mistresses on y* So. Side, M. Marsh &) hey 1 is: 9eaey M* Curry ) i Oa: ; ; ‘| 95. 33 Ale 1 Canon Isaac Walton’s 4to MS. Collection, pp. 362-3. 2 There is evidence that seats in the Cathedral were occasionally assigned . by capitular authority at an earlier date, for Drake’s summary of the contents _ of a Register (Shuter’s Chapter Acts.), now lost, contains, among other en- tries, “ Assignacio Sedilis Magistre Sadler, &ec., ip. 34.” See January, — 1632-3, as well as other references at pp. 14, 16, 17, 26, 28 (cir 1626—30) in — the same register. For an Order of Pews in the Parish Church of Corsley (1635) see J. Wickham Legg, H'nglish Orders for Consecrating Churches, H. — Bradshaw Soc. 1911, pp. lxiii., lxiv.; Miss Maud F. Davies, Life in an English Village, 1909, pp. 295—8. By the Rev. Chr. Wordsworth, Swb-Dean, 49 ON THE ORDER OF SEATS ON SouTH SIDE SALISBURY CATHEDRAL | 1677. Nos. 7—10. The gentlemen to whom these seats on the S. side of the Nave were allotted in 1677, were, with scarcely an excep- tion, laid to rest within the next thirty years in the Cathedral, or were at least commemorated by a monumental inscription here, as ) Dr. T. Rawlinson records in Hist. and Antig. of Salisbury (and Bath Abbey) with Index, 1723. Gabriel Ashley (generosus, al. armiger) f 1702, eet. 56. Thomas Gardiner, gent. + 1685. James Harris f 1679, et. 75 ; Thomas Harris, + 1678, et. 35. Thomas Hawles, Esq. f 1678. Edward Hearst, Esq. 1707. Marshall Hill, Esq. (of Line. Coll., Oxon, and Lincoln’s Inn) + 1682, at Bath. Sir Thomas Mompesson, ¢ 1701. Francis Swanton, gent. + 1683 ; Laurence Swanton, t 1691 ; William Swanton, Esq., ¢ 1681 (he married Major Ashley’s widow). Daubeny Turberville (of Oriel College), Royalist soldier, friend of Bp. Ward, “Solus Oculorum Aisculapius” (eye specialist) M.D. + 1696. Mrs. (Jane) Frome, daughter of Chancellor Drake and wife of Geo. Frome, gent. Mrs, Elizabeth Sambrooke, widow (née Clungeon) ft 1705. NOTES ON THE “ORDER OF YE SEATES (SOUTH).” | No.7. Mr. Chafin (spelt “Chaffin” in the 4to) occupied the | house (No. 11, in the Close) which Mr. Pye-Smith now inhabits, | as Mr. Hammond informs us. 3 | No.8. “Mr. Hearst” MS. (a). No, 9. “Mr. Gardner” MS. (a). | No, 10. This line did not occur in the lst as it appears on fo. 9 es of Canon I. Walton’s folio collection, but a note has been added Jat the foot in blacker ink “Between the 29th and 5th Insert Mr. | Swanwick and Mr. Stephens—[Seat] 3.7 “ Mr. Stephens ” JL8. (0). “Mr. Stevens” JZS. (a). No. 14. Mris. Currey JS, (a). +} VOL, XXXIX.—NO. CXXIII. EK 50 Notes on Salisbury Cathedral. .f [Seates] On THE NorTH SIDE. SS 1. Majiorand Aldermen . : : 202 2iss22 237: 2. Common Council f ase 2 4.5.6 12 Vise 4 3. Knights Justices and Esq's.. : silsla I. 4, 8 Edward Low: Chancellor) a9. & 90 of y° Diocese betwixt the f- ; 5. Next Principall Gentlemen of y® Close 10—11 . 6. Register & Proct's of y* Lord Bp’s Court 3. 7. The rest of Inhabitants of y¢close . 2. 8. For the Quire-men . 526-34 42° 9. Master & Vsher of y® Free Savon Sea 10. Scholars of y* Free School. 2 9, OM OAL, LORDS) 11. Majoress & Aldermens Wives . 329 eon. women; 12. Common Councils Wives . : Smee AO. Gn School Mistresses Be On We Needs ie a 10 see 25° 23" 4am THE Orricers of y° Church & of the Major are severally to have keys to y° Major and Alder- men, and Common Councills Seates and the Seates of their Wives. #Salva semper Episcopo, Decano reliquisque Digni- tarlis et Canonicis, de tempore in tempus Po- testate Electiva, suoicuiqueOrdine, et secundum ~ unius cujusque Dignitatis Prerogativam, prout Uxoribus eorundem melius videbitur expedire. ~The Treasurer’s Interest and Right is not hereby intended to be deny’d, nor the Interests and Rights of the two other Arch-deacons, of Wilts and Berks.* NoTES ON THE “ORDER OF YE SEATES (NortH).” No. 8. “Quire-men” MS. (0) ; “ Choir Men” MS, (a). * These footnotes in Walton’s folio, f, 8, presumably refer to No. 3 on the North Side, where seat 19 is assigned to Chancellor Ri Drake | and Archdeacon T. Lambert, the latter of whom had acted as | domestic chaplain in the Cathedral to K. Charles II. ten years | previously. (Jones’ Fast, p. 165,72.) Possibly the other dignitaries mentioned in the notes were living alone. The former note “Salud... expedire”’ will be Hoon gained as occurring in the List| | of Bonelacions p. 39, above. By the kev Chr Wordsworth, Sub-Dean. 51 When Dr. Walter Kerr Hamilton, as Precentor (a few months before he was promoted to the bishopric), drew up the replies, which he and his namesake, Dr. Henry Parr Hamilton, then Dean, signed with the consent of the Chapter, in response to the questions sent by the Cathedral Commissioners in 1853, it was then stated : that sermons in the Cathedral were at that time “always preached in the choir” (Report: Answers, p. 395). This arrangement went | on until the restoration of the whole Cathedral encouraged by him in his lifetime was completed by the restoration of the choir as a memorial thankoffering for the episcopate of Bishop Hamilton and for the improvement begun when he became a Canon in 1841. The choir was re-opened by Bishop Moberly on All Saints’ Day, 1876. The organ, which has suffered so severely from the rising | waters in the present year, was given by Miss Chafyn Grove, of Zeals, at a cost of £3500, and the open choir screen was the offering of Mrs. Sidney Lear in memory of her late husband. Opinions ‘may differ as to the appropriateness of such a screen in an English Cathedral Church; but there can be no serious doubt that its ' character has tended to make the services more real and devotional | to those who have had their places in the nave at Salisbury in the ‘Tecent generations, At all events they could not be altogether |oblivious of the fact that divine service was going on within the building and that the nave was nota mere place for sight-seers. It is customary now for the choir and for those who have been taking part in the choir-service (with the exception of a few, whose places in the stalls are within easy sight and hearing of a preacher in the ‘nave-pulpit,) to migrate from the choir to the front seats in the ‘|\nave immediately before the sermon is begun, There may have ‘}been something of a homing instinct felt among the elder residents ) when this custom was begun in Bp. Moberly’s time, for during the -|period (1869—76) while the eastern portion of the Cathedral was | under restoration not only the practice of preaching in the choir, aS noted in 1853, was discontinued, but the entire service had taken \place in the nave. It was moreover, so far as the sermon was concerned, a return to an earlier custom, which was broken through in 1778-9, in Bp. J. Hume’s time, when “the seats in the nave E 2 52 Notes on Salisbury Cathedral. were entirely taken away and pews (or closets as they were after-_ wards called) with galleries over them were made on each side of the choir behind the stalls,” somewhat like the boxes and galleries — in an ill-lighted theatre, “and the screen at the Communion-Table — was set back 20 feet in order to lengthen the choir.” (Sarwm Chronology, by W. A. Wheeler, 1889, 1., p, 33). A member of Bp. Moberly’s family wrote in November, 1869 :—‘‘ The canvas screen is being put up across the nave to divide it from the choir — which is to be restored as a memorial to Bishop Hamilton. Itisa pleasure to see the screen shutting off the Lady Chapel removed at last. It must be lighter and airier in the nave, where we shall now be for many years. _ We have had to sit in boxes round the choir behind the stalls, and to enter — them from staircases in the aisles. The box is small and stuffy, the ceiling — very low, and the old red baize smells fusty to a degree. There are no _ lights in the Cathedral, so on winter Sunday afternoons there can be no | sermons, and the Dean and the minor canon in course have each a little flickering candle. Every one else is in pitch darkness, unless private candles (| are brought. We never expect to see into our books in theafternoon. No | evening service can be held in the Cathedral, and the Lent sermons have | to be in the parish churches.” Dulce Domum, by Miss C. A. E. Moberly, | 1911, pp. 225-6. ’ “Until the year 1777” (says W. Dodsworth) “ only prayers were performed | in the choir, and the sermons were delivered in the great nave, wherein was | a range of seats on each side, detracting much from its beauty. The ree | moval of the whole congregation in time of divine service was attended | with great inconvenience; at the above period the Church underwent a | material alteration : the seats and pulpit in the great nave were taken away, |} the Grecian ornaments of the choir! were removed, and a very indifferent|} stile of Gothic substituted ; additional seats were made in it, and from that} time the whole service has been performed there. It remained in this stately until the year 1789, when the present improvement commenced in which; | Mr. Wyatt”—in Dodsworth’s opinion—“ has displayed his great taste and) abilities in Gothic architecture.” G'urde to the Cathedral Church, 8vo, 1792, pp. 35, 36. — SISIASp aE 7: By the Rev. Chr. Wordsworth, Sub-Dean. 53: FLOODS IN THE CATHEDRAL, JANUARY, 1915, &c. Salisbury Cathedral has been in past generations liable to serious floods. In February, 1635, the officiants rode on horseback into ‘the choir to perform divine service. There was a flood again in 1637. In 1675—87 Bp. Ward’s scheme for making the Avon navigable from Christchurch to Crane Bridge, under the Act of 1664, was pressed forward, but an attempt to revive the scheme by a fresh act was thwarted by the Hampshire men in 1698. In 1726 the water in the Cathedral rose so rapidly during divine | service that a pulpit for preaching was erected in the choir, the water in the body of-the church being nearly afoot deep. At this ‘time in the reign of George I. prayers were read in the choir and the sermon was (usually) preached in the nave. (W. A. Wheeler, Sarum Chronology, 1889, i1., pp. 19—-26). More recently, about (1824, in the time of George IV., the late Mr. J. Harding remem- | bered the Cathedral being more than once flooded with water to | the depth of several inches over the nave and the aisles. But he never recollected to have seen it reach the level of the choir, though | the water was standing underground a little below the pavement of the S.E. choir transept. Mr. Wheeler mentions that the Close _was flooded to the doors of the Cathedral on 17th January, 1841. | On April 25th, 1846, hailstones lay 2 feet deep on the north side | of the Cathedral. for two hours or more, and 26th November, 1852, | the water came up in pools in the Cathedral and the Chapter | House. On the eve of Epiphany in the present year (1915), at 7.45 am., every path to the Cathedral was flooded, and water was bubbling up in the nave and western transepts, so that, being on ety: I walked through 8 inches of water at the west front. In _the afternoon the water was higher, and reached a depth of 5 inches | to 13 inches on the raised gravel of the Broad Walk from Harnham | Gate. The choir was closed for alterations in November, 1869, till 1st November, 1876, In 1878-9 the nave and aisles were restored, and on May 29th, 1879, a Diocesan Choral festival, very largely | attended, was held in the Cathedral. Since that day the choir ee 54. Notes on Salisbury Cathedral. has been (normally) in constant use, and while I write (after Epiphany, 1915) the nave is disused, though gradually drying after the flood. Our little punt, which formerly amused my nephews and nieces | on the Palace pond, was taken from St. Nicholas’ Hospital on January 4th, through Harnham Gate, and Mr. Hammond, our Chapter- Clerk, plied in it on the choristers’ meadow and elsewhere — | on the western side of the Close. Some years ago the punt had. disported itself in Bishop Poore’s Hall within the Palace, and one of the late Bishop’s children had a memorable time of enjoyment: upon one of the old dining-tables, impersonating Robinson Crna | on his island, while the punt doubled the parts of “two-canoe” and ship. The Palace is usually the first, and occasionally the only building, to suffer when the springs are rising abnormally ; and after it the Wardrobe and South Canonry follow presently. | The King’s House has suffered great mischief, the wooden blocks of the floor in the drill hall being forced up by the spring of water and mud. The houses $.W. of Harnham Gate, and then the lower rooms in the Deanery aud Leadenhall, and the undereroft of the North Canonry, with the cellarage i in other parts of the Close, are flooded. Several of the occupants of Devaux Place were on the | present oceasion forced to leave their houses, as was Mr. Pearce, | the second verger, with his family. Mrs, Wyndham, at Devaux | House, and the four tenants of St. Nicholas on St. John’s Isle, or | Harnham Bridge, no less than the denizens of Fisherton, have | realised the truth of old Leland’s words about the Avon, when | swollen by snow from North Wilts and the waters of Pewsey Vale, | that “Saresbyri and much ground therabout is playne and low, and | as a pan or receyver of moste parte of the water of Wyleshire,” and | that it stands “ exceding low and cold, and the ryver at rages cam(e) | intoit” and no mistake! (Ltinerary,1, pp. 259, 268, ed. L. Toulmin Smith, 1907). | The Avon overflowed the lowest part of St. John’s Isle in the | present month of January, 1915, but the ancient Chapel of St. | _ John the Baptist has escaped any visible damage thus far. Here, | on the northern bank of St. Nicholas’ channel, the twin chapels | By the fiev. Chr. Wordsworth, SUP Ie 35 have suffered no harm, and that of St. Nicholas has been used daily for divine service, although we watched the river tearing away at our boat-house and the water creeping foot by foot over the lawn till it stood in, the shallow rain catch-pit outside the south door of the chapel, within 2 inches of the door sill; and the flags i in the ante-chapel show darker and br oader stains than usual, where carpets had begun to show a trace of dampness. _ The rooms in this house (the Master’s Lodging) and hospital have remained high and dry, and whereas in many seasons we feel the want of cellarage, for the convenience of storage in this house, we are now thankful to Mr. Young, the builder, who remodelled our rooms | under Mr. Crickmay’ s direction in 1886. We could not wish for a repetition of the scene witnessed in the eighteenth century on_ one St. Nicholas’s feast, in December, when the river rose in the old kitchen, which formerly stood near what is now my study, and put out the fire at which two cooks from the town were cooking ‘for the community and their invited guests. | The water began to appear in the Palace on the evening of ‘Thursday, December 17th, 1914, when the Bishop thought it wiser ‘not to use Bishop Poore’s Hall for the candidates for ordination, as ‘there was a little water above the concrete floor in the north part ‘of it. Next morning the gardeners had brought large inverted flower pots to, raise a dwarf bookcase above the level of the lower ‘steps by which one descends from the level of the large entrance hall, This expedient served only foratime. When I next visited that part of the Palace early in January the whole ancient hall was like a noble plunge-bath, Robinson’s Crusoe’s island was itself submerged, and the water, 254 inches deep, overflowing through the open door in a rivulet running into the scullery passage. A stranger who came well-booted, like the Homeric heroes, and whom I guided through Harnham Gate by the Broad Walk past the west front until we reached the temporary bridge of planks which led through the north porch and up to the step of the south choir aisle, remarked—as he stopped to look at the choristers’ cricket fel, then submerged, and to wash off from his long boots the La which he had brought from the camp near Amesbury (where | 56 Notes on Salisbury Cathedral. the floods had swept away three of his poor comrades), “ What a tna grand place for curling!” But the grass had begun to re-appear — by the end of the week before a slight frost congealed the surface ~ of the diminished pools. For ten days the Cathedral Library, over ~ the eastern cloister, could not be heated because the stoke-hole was flooded, and the pump and hose were fully occupied in pumping from 2 to 4 inches of water from the aisles and nave into the cloisters, and for several successive days first through the cloister door and then through a window (from which some of the glass. : had to be taken out) into the N.E. channel of the Close. The water rose again to a height of 2ft. 8in. in the stoke-hole, already men- tioned, near the cloister and chapter-house, in February, 1915; _ but it has been pumped out a second time, and by March 4th the fire was once more burning merrily. The cathedral organ (one of ~ the greatest sufferers from the recent floods) was in part used again — on Sunday, February 28th, and the whole of it on March 4th. The effect of the reflection of the roof and windows of the interior of the nave in the sheet of water within was portrayed in the illustrated papers, and brought many visitors to the west and north doors and across the planks on Wednesday, January 6th. The paving about the middle of the nave was observed to be some 2 inches higher || than its level at either end. The removal of the chairs from the nave | has shown the true architectural proportions of the building as | seen in eighteenth century engravings, a fact which was not lost . to some artistic eyes, and we may hope that sketches were satis- | factorily completed, to show the arcades more nearly as Elias de | Derham planned them, than they have been seen for several | generations. James Biddlecombe’s drawing of 1754, engraved for | Peter Hall’s Picturesque Memorials of Salisbury, 1834, plate vi, | shows the nave devoid of seats; and the font,! near the west endl i] I wonder whether this place at the west end of the cathedral nave | between the tombs or effigy of the younger W. Longespé and the | 1The Fabrick Account for July, 1662, shows that £2 12s. was paid after | the Restoration for ‘‘ carrying ye Font from London.” There were further | expenses connected with the font in Aug., 1662—‘‘ nullzbz autem comparet | guid pro Fonte sit solutum.” (Walton’s Quarto, p. 297.) | By the Rev. Chr. Wordsworth, Sub-Dean. 57 so-called “ Boy Bishop” to the north and the tombs or coffin slabs of Bishops Roger and Josceline de Bohun (brought from Old Sarum) on the south, was the site of the medieval “/fontes” also. The printed Sarum Processionale rubric (1502, &c.) directs that the Easter Fire was to be blessed on Easter Even “at the column on the south side near the Font,’ the illustrated editions, more particularly those of 1517—1558, show the little fire blazing, in a shallow brazier with a foot, to the right hand of the celebrating priest, and the acolyte with holy-water and the thurifer next it, as shown in Salisbury Ceremonies (Camb., 1901), p. 82. HUISH AND THE DOYNEILS. ‘The following notes may be of service towards a history of Huish © when it comes to be written. They consist of such.references to the place or to its successive owners as are readily discoverable, for the most part in print, without discussion of the many difficulties © in their interpretation and without any pretence to completeness. | On the printed Pipe Roll (ed. Rev. Joseph Hunter) of 31 Henry I, that is to say, for the period from Michaelmas, 1129, to Michaelmas, 1130, occurs the entry (p. 22) :— Wiltescira . . . Et in pardonis per brevia regis . . . Roberto duisnello . xx.d. The name is right, and the county is right, but there is a further entry on the same roll (p. 41) which may render it less certain that, in the person of this Robert, we have found a direct ancestor of the name at Huish :— Hantescira . . . Etin pardonis per breviaregis . . . Roberto Duisnello . x.s. The reason for hesitation is as follows. In that truly delightful book “The King’s Serjeants & Officers of State” Mr. J. H. Round explains (pp. 92 e¢ seq.) that “ About the middle of the 12th century, if not indeed rather earlier, Robert Doisnel was holding at least five manors by the service of performing its duties,” viz., of the office of a marshalship at court; that by his carta of 1166 William Fitz Audelin claimed to hold, by the same service, “all the land of Robert Doisnel which had not been subinfeudated ” (viz., less a knight’s fee in Essex and a quarter fee held by John Gernun) as given to him in marriage with Juliana, Robert’s daughter and heir; that Juliana died childless, whereupon, in 1199, her collateral heirs (Warbleton and Munceaus) fined for the inheritance; and that, in 1205, the senior of them did so obtain the lands which belonged to the serjeanty, in Hampshire, Cambridgeshire and Essex, less land (in Essex) which Juliana had given to the Hospitallers. : K Huish and the Doynels. 59 “Now there seems to be sufficient evidence that the Doynels of later date in Wiltshire held no lands outside the county, and it is” reasonable accordingly to suppose—since both the entries above. must be taken to refer to one and the same person—that it is - Robert Doisnel, the marshal himself, who is pardoned, in 1130, 10s. in respect of his lands in Hampshire, and one sixth that amount in respect of his land in Wiltshire, of which latter, oe | there is, frankly, no further trace, _ On the printed Pipe Roll (ed. Pipe Roll Soce., vol. 6) of 9 Henry IT.,. : that is to say for the period from Michaelmas, 1162, to NGchuelmast’ | 1163, occurs the entry (p. 47) :-- Wiltescira . . . Idem vicecomes reddit compotum de firma de Hiwis - terra Roberti Doihnel(in Chancellor's Roll Dunnel). In thesauro 1.m. argenti. _. The entry apparently does not recur. Iam unable to explain it. It is the last entry on the roll for Wiltshire. In the previous entry the sheriff accounts for the “farm of Westberi . terra Escaett’.” In the case of the farm of Hiwis, however, it is not described as an -escheat but as the land of Robert Doihnel. The sum accounted | for, one mark, looks like a fixed payment. It might refer to the scutage of the previous year, imposed on all knights and assessed at one mark; but in an entry, two from the end of the same roll, the sheriff does account for the scutage, and calls it so, of Adam ‘de Port, and it is not even certain that land, held as we have reason to believe Hiwis was held, was liable to scutage at all. If it were a regular payment due in respect of Hiwis it would recur, which it does not, on subsequent rolls; nor was it a payment on account, | for although the words “¢ quietus est are absent (as they are in the i entry relating to the farm of Westberi) the sheriff does not confess | to further indebtedness with the phrase Zt debet . . . Itimeght be suggested that Robert was recently dead, leaving an heir in | minority ; that the wardship of this heir was granted away; and ‘that the sheriff accounts for the issues in the interval between the death and the grant. It is consistent with the dates, as reckoned from the lower part of the pedigree, where the filiation is ascertain- jable and dates are known, that there should be a Robert, born 60 Huish and the Doynels, - about 1128, dying in 1163, and leaving an heir born about 1158: —and the pedigree of course stands, whatever becomes of the ex- planation, seeing that it is quite immaterial—for the pedigree— once the heir is born, how long the father may survive the birth; but upon this theory the period of the sheriff’s possession must have been brief, for the sum is small. _ Thus all that this entry, in the absence of reliable interpretation, tells us, is that in 1162-3 the connexion, in some form, of Doynel with Huish had begun. It does not seem worth while labouring the point that here at any rate we cannot be encountering the Marshal. He was in all probability already long since dead, even though the entry ante-date Fitz Audelins’ carta by a couple of years, and whereas a long line of Doynels held Huish, the Marshal left only female issue to survive him. In the Liber Feodorwm, or Book of Fees, there occurs (at p. 1480. of the printed edition of it known as Testa de Nevill) a list of Wiltshire Serjeanties, of which no original can be found (that is to say the original document from which the list was transcribed into the Liber Feodorum is no longer in existence) which can with great. confidence be assigned to the year 1198. In this List there are two entries which concern us :— Robertus Duinel [tenet] in Hywis ij carucatas et valent Ixs. Robertus Doynel [tenet] in Estgrafton dimidiam carucatam et valet xv°- Here for the first time we find the tenure of Huish distinctly stated. The tenant there is included in the list of Wiltshire Serjeants, while the nature of his serjeanty will shortly appear. Further we discover by these entries that not only was a Robert Doynel holding in Huish by serjeanty-service, but in Hast Grafton also there is a serjeant of the same name. Butin Domesday both these places are entered and each of them was then held by a Richard Sturmid, as one of the King’s Serjeants! It is surely very remarkable and of no slight interest—even if the details escape us, though we fail to ascertain how for Sturmid there comes to be substituted Doynel, and though the nature of Sturmid’s Fish and the Doynels. 61 personal service, whether the same as Doynel’s or not, may remain unknown—to have a tolerable certainty that, from the beginning of things these particular acres were associated with so distinctive a tenure. In spite of the fact that, when we first meet with them together, Huish and East Grafton are alike held by a Robert Doynel, they followed entirely distinct lines of descent. This first becomes apparent by an entry on the Pipe Roll of 12 John. Meanwhile there is an entry on the Pipe Roll of 5 John (Michaelmas, 1202, to Michaelmas, 1203) which may be taken to refer to Huish alone:— Wiltescira . . . De finibus et scutagiis militum de quarto scutagio. Idem vicecomes reddit compotum .. . Et dej. m. de Roberto Doisnell’, proserjanteria. Et dev.m.de Ricardo Ruffo proeodem. Et de 111). m. de Fulcone de Alnov de feodo. j. militis. Etde.x. m. B Et de .j. m. de Matheo Turpin proserjanteria. Et de .1j. m. de Waltero Esturmi proeodem. Et de.xx.s. de Willelmo de Anesie proeodem .. . ‘The entry on the Pipe Roll of 12 John (Michaelmas, 1209, to Michaelmas, 1210), already referred to, introduces us to a Warin as well as a Robert Doynel. The list, it may be stated, is made up, with the exception perhaps of the lady at the end, of ser- jeants :— Wiltescira . . . De finibus et scutagiis Ybernie. Idem vicecomes reddit compotum de .xxx. m. de Elya Croc proeodem. Et de xx. m. de Matheo Turpin proeodem. Et de. xx.m. de Andrea Mobert pro eodem. Et de. c. s. de Roberto Doisnel pro eodem. Et de. c. s. de Warino Doisnel proeodem. Et de.xxxv. m. de Galfrido de Pourton pro eodem. Et de .xx. m. de Waltero Esturmi pro eodem. Et dec.m. de Albreda des Boterels pro eodem. In thesauro liberavit. Et quietus est. We next have recourse to the Red Book of the Exchequer, and there (Rolls edit,, vol. 2, pp. 486 and 487), in a list headed “ Nomina illorum qui tenent per serjanteriam in hoc comitatu ” (sez/¢. Wilts) we find Robert Doynel and Warin Doynel distinguished as holding Hiwis and (land in) Grafton respectively. It might be supposed generally that the Red Book and the Liber Feodorwm alike consist of faithful copies of original returns, thus preserved for reference by the Exchequer officials. In the case of the latter the accident of the continued existence of such originals, in considerable quantity, facilitates its study. In the case of the 62 Huish and the Doynels. Red Book, in the absence of such originals, there is little safety without a detailed enquiry into each list asa whole. The particular list we are concerned with can fairly confidently be assigned, if a genuine return at all, to the year 1212, or thereabouts. We have just had evidence at any rate that in 1209-1210 both Robert and “Warin Doynel were alive. ‘The additional information about them furnished by the Red Book is as follows :— Robertus Doisnel [tenet] Hiwis per serjanteriam marscalcie. Warinus Doisnel [tenet] iiij hidas in Greftone per serjanteriam marscalcie. The editor in a note informs us that in the Warin Doynel entry “marscalcie is a later addition in MS.”’ (it is as a matter of fact an ‘interlineation), and after an inspection of the MS. I am not at all sure that the same statement is not true of the Robert Doinel entry. This isan apt illustration of the vice which permeates the Red Book entries. They were precedents—copies, indeed, for the most part—but lable to be enriched with annotations in the office, which were liable to be incorrect. In the particular in- stances above it can be advanced with great confidence that, in neither case, had the serjeanty the remotest connection with the Marshal’s office. In a further list entered no less than thrice in the Liber Feodorum (pp. 147a., 149a., and 149a.0., of the printed Testa de Nevill) and in the Red Book (Rolls edit., pp. 460-462) the notion of the con- tinued existence of a Doynel marshalship is developed in a different form. Of this list there is another MS. in existence,:.a duplicate of the uerpren at p. 1494.0. of pe Liber Feodoruwm (under the official reference Ss ; formerly K. F. a. which reads :— Robertus Doinel tenet unam hidam per serjantiam. Warinus Puvinel [tenet] x. solidos terre per serjantiam. Robertus Duuiniol ut sit Marescallus “Puvinel” is a quite natural and proper misreading for : : | Huish and the Doynels. 63 “Duuinel.”’ Warin and Robert Doynel were, we know, contem- poraries in 1210, and Warin survived to 1235, while other names in it suggest that the list cannot have been drawn up before 1220: but Robert Doynel, the Marshal, died, as we have seen, between 1130 and 1166, at the latter of which dates his son-in-law was in possession of his marshalship, The list, therefore, is not a faithful copy of any original return: it is a compilation, as many, or most, of these Red Book lists probably are: but it bears witness to the tenacity of the Exchequer memory and confirms the theory that some part of the endowment of the Doynel Marshalship—long since divided, gud the lands, between Warbleton and Munceaus—did lie in Wiltshire. From this point on there are no entries belonging in common to the two serjeanties, and I propose, accordingly, to desert Huish for the moment and to interpolate here such few facts as I have gathered relating to the latter (Grafton), if for no other reason in order to establish what was the precise service due to be rendered | in respect of it. There is a writ on the Close Roll, dated 23 August, 19 Henry III, _ 1235, to the sheriff of Wilts, to enquire how much land ** Warinus Doynel” held and by what service and who is his next heir, and | meanwhile to collect the crops in the said land, so that nothing be |removed. On the 29th September following there is a further | writ to the same sheriff, which recites that the king at the instance of Friar Robert Bacun had granted to him the ward of the land | which was of Warin Doynel, who held of the king in chief, and the | marriage of the daughters and heirs of the said Warin, conferendum | unr ex suis cur voluerit, and orders him (the sheriff) to cause the | said Friar Robert to have full seisin of the land which was of the said Warin in Grafton and of the said heirs. There are other /notices of this Robert Bacun on the Close Rolls from which and divers mentions in the volumes of the Oxford Historical Society it ‘|appears that he was a Dominican or Black Friar of Oxford and died in 1248. i In the Liber Feodorwm there is an entry (p. 1430. of the Record \ | Commission edit.) as follows :— 64 Huish and the Doynels. Ricardus Boxman tenet dimidiam hidam terre in Grafton pro esse in botellaria domini regis. The list in which this entry occurs begins at p. 1390. and is headed “ Hec sunt feoda militum in comitatu Wiltes.” An original of it is in existence and it belongs to the year 1236. Further information concerning this Richard is supplied by a writ on the Fine Roll, dated 15 November, 28 Henry ITI, 1243. - It is recited that the king has taken the homage of Richard Bakesman, who married Joan, sister and heir of Alice, daughter of Warin Duynel, in respect of the lands, &c., which the said Alice held of the king in chief, and the sheriff of Wilts is ordered to — cause the said Richard and Joan to have full seisin of all the lands, &c., whereof the said Alice was seised in fee on the day she died, security having been first taken from the said Richard and Joan for the payment of one mark for their relief. Thus it appears that there were two daughters and coheirs of Warin Doynel, one of whom was very promptly married off by Friar Bacun to Richard Baxman, presumably his kinsman, if so the words wni ex swis are to be rendered. The only other mention of him that I have met with is the statement that Richard Baxman_| was on a jury, the Thursday after Michelmas 43 Henry III (2 | October, 1259), to enquire after the death of Avice de Colnmbers, | forester in fee of Chute, &c. | The estate and serjeanty duly appear on the Hundred Rolls :— | Hundredum de Kynewardston. Inquisitio facta (Vol. ii. Rec. Com. | edit. p. 259a) apud Bedewind in Comitatu Wyltes’ . . . die Sabbati | proxima post festum Sancti Gregorii Pape, anno regni regis Edwardi tercio (Saturday, 16 March, 1274-5) scilicet per Adam de Hamme, | Willelmum de Columbariis, Galfridi Drueys, Henrici Buggi, Petrum |¥ de Forstebur’, Petrum Bacun, Stephanum Baxman .. . De feodis | (p. 2590.) domini regis et tenencium etc. Stephanus Baxman (p. 260a.) )@ tenet unamcarucatam terre in Estgrafton de rege in capite per serjantiam | scilicet pro ducendo vinum domini regis in utribus. | Stephen Baxman was on a jury at Marlborough, the Wednesday | before St. Denis, 4 Edward I (7 October, 1276), and this is the; only other notice that I have seen of him. He was followed at Grafton by William Baxman, presumably his brother. William | Baxman occurs on a jury in the Hundred of Kinwardston, on the | { Huish and the Doynels. 65 Monday before St. Simon and St. Jude, 10 Edward I (Monday, 26 October, 1282). On the Fine Roll there is a writ dated at Westminster, 16 December, 6 Edward II (1312), addressed to the escheator this side Trent, to take into the king’s hands the | lands late of William Baxman, of Grafton, deceased. It was found by the consequent inquisition, taken 20 December in the same _ year (1312) that William Baxman held a messuage and a carucate of land of the king in chief in Grafton, by service of 6d. yearly at | Salisbury Castle and by service of finding a horse to carry two | bulgeas with the king’s wine when the king may come to take venison in the forests of Savernake and Chute, at the king’s | charges while on that service. It was further found that Joan de Holte, son of Avice, his daughter, was his next heir, aged 27 and ' more. On the 18 January, 1312-13, there is a writ accordingly _ to the escheator to deliver to John de Holte, kinsman and heir of | William Baxman, of Grafton, tenant-in-chief, the lands late of the ' said William, his grandfather, he having done fealty. I have not attempted to carry the descent further. It would i be interesting to obtain yet another statement of the nature of | the serjeanty, but from the three accounts of it given above it is clear that the first of them is perfectly correct in describing it as | a butlery service. The pedigree disclosed seems to be as follows .— Robert Doynel [born about 1155]= A) in possession of Grafton 1198 ; ; dead 1210 | Warin Doynel [born about 1185]= in possession 1210; died 1235 | i 1 | | sh Richard Baxman = Joan Doynel [born about Alice Doynel occurs 1236—1259 1215] living 1243 died 1243. ai | TG nanan nae (cae , | Stephen Baxman William Baxman = “| [born about 1235 |. occurs 1282 ; || |1m possession 1275. died 1312. Holte = Avice Baxman [born about | 1265] dead 1312. | John de Holte, born about 1285. TOL, XXXIX.—NO, CXXIII. F | | 66 Huish and the Doynels. To return to Huish. We left it in the possession, 1210-1212, ofRobertDoynel. I suppose that this Robert was born towards the — year 1158 and that he had a son born to him about 1188, by name Geoffrey. In a record of 1255, set out below, it is alleged that Geoffrey Doinel thirty years ago withdrew his suit to the Hundred _ court for Huish, by which it appears that Geoffrey held Huish in | or about 1225, This is confirmed by an entry in the Liber Feodorum : (p. 1580. Rec. Com. edit.) in a list headed (p. 158a,) “ De custodiis serjantiis ecclesiis et aliis que sunt de donatione domini regis in. comitatu Wiltes.” The list itself is probably compiled from entries on Hyre Rolls for the years 1226 to 1232, and the particular entry q belongs to one of the earlier years:—_ Galfridus de Oynel tenet manerium de ye et valet per annum ¢.8. _ This is the sole occasion on which I have met with the name in a form suggestive of a place-name origin for it. We shall come ~ shortly to a local and sportive theory of its significance; but we shall be wise to study rather the Pipe Roll spelling of 1130. Ido © not know what “ Duisnellus ” means; but I suppose that the name — is formed after the fashion of “ Paganellus” ; that it is a diminutive 7 and stands for the “little dean,” or something of that sort. By May, 1228, Geoffrey Doynel was dead. There is a writ on the Fine Roll, dated 18 May, 12 Henry III, 1228, addressed to ~ the sheriff of Wilts, reciting that Richard de Derneford had made fine with the king in 20 marks to have the ward of the land and heirs of Geoffrey Doynel, who held of the king in chief by serjeanty, ~ and the marriage of the said heirs and ordering him (the sheriff), after taking security for the said 20 marks, to cause Richard to have seisin of the land, saving to Clarice, late Geoffrey’s wife, her reasonable dower therefrom, Geoffrey’s heir was, I suppose, born about 1218, which would — leave Derneford in ward of the land till 1239 or thereabouts, and — | this view is confirmed by the following entries in the Liber Feodorwm, which show Derneford in possession in 1236, but Robert Doynel, doubtless Geoffrey’s son and heir, in possession in 1242. The first entry occurs (p. 143a of the Record Com. edit.) in the list already | | Huish and the Doynels. 67 mentioned, in reference to Richard Baxman, as belonging to the year 1236:— : Ricardus de Derneford tenet duas carucatas terre in Hywys per _ servitium inveniendi unum servientem ad haubergum. This is the first definite description. of the serjeanty by which fuish was held. It belongs to a numerous class, a sub-species of the obligation to find a man-at-arms for the king’s service in war- time, only barely to be classed, as it seems to me, as a serjeanty at all. Of the Huish serjeanty we shall find several subsequent definitions, all to the same effect, and all of them remote—as remote as the serjeanty in Grafton—from the office of the Marshal. The second entry occurs (p, 155 of the Record Com. edit.) in a list’ of the date 1242 :— Robertus Doynel tenet Hiwis in capite de rege per serjantiam de quodam hauberco ad servitium regis. Robert Doynel died five years later, in 1247, and the long minority of (his son) Silvester followed. The name “Silvester ’* is not of frequent occurrence, and I am inclined to suppose that it is not merely a coincidence that the wardship of the heir was granted to Silvester. de Everdon, bishop of Carlisle, that is to say ib 1s possible, or probable, that the wife of Robert and the mother of his heir, otherwise entirely unknown to us, was of the bishop’s kindred. The grant to Silvester, bishop of Carlisle, or his assign, of the wardship of the land and heirs of Robert Doynel, with the marriage of the heirs, is entered on the Patent Roll in December, 1247. On the Fine Roll there is a writ dated 27 December, 32 Henry III, 1247, addressed to Henry de Wengham and his | eo-escheator in the county of Wilts, reciting that Silvester, bishop of Carlisle, has made fine with the king, in 50 marks, for the ward _of the lands and heirs of Robert Doynel and the marriage of the said heirs, viz., 15 marks payable at Haster in the 32nd year, 15 marks at Michaelmas following, 10 marks at Easter in the 33rd year and 10 marks at Michaelmas following, and ordering him to eause the bishop to have full seisin of the said ward. It was probably on the occasion of his death that an extent was made “of the land which Robert Doynel held in chief of the king F 2 68 Huish and the Doynels. at Iwys.” It is undated and the writ under which it was made is not forthcoming. Some two or three years later “ the serjeanty of Robert Doinsuel for which he ought (debuit) to find,” &c., was “arrented,” but the rent of the land farmed out, as distinct from the land kept in hand, is found to be 40s. on that occasion, against. 33s. in the “extent,” which accordingly is probably of earlier date, that is to say, made shortly after he had died :— Extenta facta de terra que (sec) Robertus Doynell tenuit in capite de domino rege apud Iwys in comitatu Wiltes’ per sacramentum Hamonis de Bachampton, Roberti Burdun, Philippi de Prebenda, Philippi Oliver, Eadmundi de Stanton, Johannis filii Philippi, Petri Marescalli, Willelmi Maleweyn, Reginaldi de Berewyk, Johannis filii Ranulphi, Rogeri de Hore (wz., Oare a tything in the next parish) et Johannis le Nouel Qui jurati dicunt quod terra que (sec) Robertus Doynell tenuit in capite de rege valet per annum in dominico xl. solidos. In redditu assiso . xxxlij . solidos. In prato dimidiam marcam . nullam habuit. propriam pasturam. et sic valet per annum I|xxix. solidos et viij denarios per totum. No bond land is mentioned, and the pasture, which doubtless there was, was not held in severalty. The system in accordance with which the serjeanties were “arrented” by Robert Passelowe and his fellows in 1249-1250 is described in the introduction (pp. 17-19) to Mr. Round’s The King’s Serjeants. In the case of Huish lands to the value of 40s. yearly had been alienated. The tenants are to pay each a 4 of the value of their tenements yearly to the serjeant, who is to pay over the sum, viz., 1 mark, to the Exchequer and to continue to do his accustomed service for the unalienated residue. This “arrentation” occurs in the Liber Feodorwm in duplicate (Record Com. edit., p. 1466., viz., L.T.R. Mise. = and = and p, 1470, of which no original is forthcoming), both versions are given below :— De serjantiis arentatis per Robertum Passelewe tempore Henrici regis filii regis Johannis Serjantia Roberti Doinsuel in Hywis pro qua debuit invenire domino regi unum servientem equitem et armatum in exercitu suo in Anglia ad custum proprium per xl. dies alienata est in parte. Willelmus de Hywys tenet inde dimidiam virgatam terre que valet per annum v. solidos. Item Rogerus Doinsuel tenet dimidiam virgatam terre que valet per annum v. solidos. | Huish and the Doynels. 69 Item Johannes de Here et Isabella uxor ejus tenent x.acras que valent per annum x. s. 7 Item Galfridus de Wifhide et Margeria uxor ejus tenent x. acras que valent per annum x. solidos. Item Bartholomeus, filius Walteri et Christiana uxor ejus tenent x. acras que valent per annum x. solidos. Et est summa dictarum alienacionum xl. s. Et dictus Robertus fecit inde finem pro dictis tenentibus de consensu eorundem videlicet per annum j. marcam. Ita quod quilibet dictorum tenencium respondeat eidem Roberto de tercia parte valoris tenementi sui per annum. Et ipse Robertus faciat serviclum predicte serjantie pro parte sua que non est alienata. Serjantia Roberti Deinel in Hywys pro qua debuit invenire domino regi unum servientem equitem in exercitu suo in Anglia per quadraginta dies super custum proprium alienata est in parte. De eodem Roberto pro una virgata et quadraginta acris terre de eadem serjantia alienatis quas Willelmus de Hywys Rogerus Doinel Johannes de Ore et Isabella uxor ejus Galfridus de Fifhide et Margeria uxor ejus Bartholomeus filius Walteri et Christiana uxor ejus et Robertus filius Radulphi de eo tenent per annum 1 marca. Et faciet servicium predictum consuetum. | Bolly apa aioe cic dos ier ef Ls he | There is no doubt whatever that Robert Doynell died in or about | ecember, 1247: there appears to be no doubt that Passelewe’s | | “‘arrentation” was carried out in 1249-50; I fail to understand accordingly why, in the document above “dictus Robertus fecit inde finem,” &c., and not the bishop, the guardian of the heir. In the dated document, which follows, it is correctly stated that Walter de Rudham holds Huish, in succession to the bishop. Silvester, ‘Dishop of Carlisle, died 13 May, 1254. On October 12, 1256, ‘Walter de Rudham and Martin de Chamfleur, king’s clerks, were ‘appointed keepers (of the temporalities) of the bishopric of Carlisle, ‘sede vacante; and at Huish also Rudham replaces the bishop, pos- '\sibly as his administrator, possibly as his executor. | The inquisition is printed in the Record Commission edition of ithe Hundred Rolls (vol. ii., pp. 230-234), and the copy of it, as under, has been checked with the original :— (p. 230.) Inquisiciones facte . . . apud Wyltoniam die Sabbati proximo post festum Sancti Petri ad vincula anno regni regis Henrici 70 Huish and the Doynels. filii regis Johannis xxxix® [Sat., 7 August, 1255] de juribus et libertatibus et aliis ipsum regem contingentibus. (p. 234.) Hundredum de Swaneburw’ venit per xij". “a Juratores presentant quod; hundredum istud est in manu domint regis Dicunt etiam quod manerium de Uphaven’ : Item manerium de Iwys quod Walterus de Rudham tenet solebat. sequi predictum hundredum. Et triginta annis elapsis subtracta fuit secta per Galfridum Donel et per permissionem Bartholomei deUphaven tunc ballivum (s¢c) ad dampnum regis per annum de jj solidis De vallettis et puellis etc. Dicunt quod terra [heres erased] Roberti Donyel de Hywys valet per annum c solidos Et dominus rex nunc dedit custodiam terre illius et heredis ejusdem Roberti Silvestro quondam episcopo Karliolensi et. nunc tenet eam Walterus de Rudham. De Serjantiis. Dicunt quod Danyel le Roter tenuit villam de Hywys per serjantiam scilicet inveniendi unum valettum cum equo et hauberjone cum domino rege in exercitu per xl. dies. Et dicunt quod serjantia illa jam sex annis elapsis reddidit domino regi per annum unam marcam et hoc factum fuit per R. Passelewe et Henricum de Wengham The concluding sentence seems clearly to assert that Passelewe’s “arrentation ”’ took place in the year 1249. Whether there is some clue to the origin of the Doynells concealed in the statement by the jurors, that “Danyel le Roter tenuit,” &c., I do not know, or whether it is a mystification, nor do I know what the description — “le Roter’”? means. The alias of the British saint Deiniol is Daniel; but if “ Doynell”’ is a name of this class I should prefer to identify it with “Donel” (cf Mac Donel) the modern form of the Gaelic proper name “Domhnall,” in Welsh “Dyfnual”; or — there is “Dodo,” with a French, or Breton, form, “ Doun,” which in turn might yield “Dounellus”: but if the jurors were not in- dulging their imagination but stating fact, it is a great loss not to be able to apprehend their meaning. With regard to the service, it appears to be indiflenaat whethen | the valettws wear a “habergeon,” as in this entry, or a “hauberk,” | as above; both are coats of mail, with possibly some advantage in | size in favour of the latter; “ habergeon ” is another diminutive. | With regard to the Grafton serjeanty, wter, mentioned in one | passage, is a leather bottle, and the budgea of the other the same,— | a word of Celtic origin having passed into Latin as bulga, viz., a | ) : \ Huish and the Doynels. 71 leather-purse, thence into French as bougette, and thence, or possibly directly, into English as “ budget,’ a word we are familiar with,—the name, too of that prettiest of heraldic charges, the “‘ water-budget.” Silvester Doynel, who appears next in succession at Huish to Robert Doynell, was, I suppose, his son and heir, and as such in ward successively to Silvester, bishop of Carlisle, and to Walter de Rudham. I suppose that he was born about 1245 and of age in 1266. The first mention of him that I have met with is in 1275, in the Hundred Rolls (vol. II) :-— feqendcedan de Swaneber’ : (p. 2740.) Inquisicio factaapud Wiltun’ . . . die Jovis proxima ante festum Beati Gregorii Pape anno rego regis Edwardi tercio _ (Thursday, 7 March, 1274-5) De feodis domini regis et tenentibus ejus etc eae Item Silvester Doynel tenet unam hidatam terre in Hywys de rege in capite per serjantiam que arrentata est in unam marcam quam marcam vicecomes Wiltes’ recipit per annum. (p. 275.) Item de hiis qui clamunt habere returnum eronfian et lle libertates regias etc. Item Silvester Dornel senna habere asisas panis et servisie per serjantiam suam quam tenet de domino rege in capite Personal service in respect of the serjeanty is here treated as ‘extinguished by Passelewe’s “arrentation,” in contradiction to the ‘terms of that transaction. With his name slightly concealed under ‘the forms ‘‘ Daynel” and “ Dorgnel” Silvester. Doynell appears | in the (printed volume of) Placita de quo warranto (pp. 796, 805a) on the jury empanelled ve Avebury, &c., thus :— Elyas Cotele, John de Haveri[n]gge, Simon Thorney, Silvester Daynel,. Reynold War, Ralph de Eknolle, William Crispin, Robert de Ringbarewe, John de la Mere, Reynold de Lavyngton, Thomas le Rus. In the Registrum Malmesburiense. (Rolls Series, vol. I., p. 261) ‘he occurs on another jury, the date of which could doubtless be /determined, as follows :— Johannes de Tenhyde, Johannes de Holte (a name we have met with at Grafton), Robertus de Meysy, Galridus de Wrockeshale, Thomas le Rous,Ricardus Cotele,Ricardus de Hyweye,milites, Rogerus | de Wrytele, Petrus de Lavintone Petrus de Wyvlesford, Silvester Doynel, Walterus de Chaldefelde ; 72 Huish and the Doynels. and (ibid, vol. i, p. 249) as witness to a quitclaim by Alan de | Plokeneth to the abbot, curca Midsummer, 1283 :—_ Dominis Johanne Giffard, Waltero Heluin, Adam de Monte Alto, Johanne Giffard de Twyford, Rogero le Rous, Radulpho de Albyniaco, Roberto de Panes, militibus, magistro Thoma de Sothyntone, domino Waltero de Rodemarleghe, rectore ecclesie de Sapertone, Willelmo de Strattone, Johanne le Breth, Sylvestro Doynel. After his death there is a writ on the Close Roll, 4 June, 1293, to the sheriff of Berkshire to cause a verderer for that forest ({scilt. of Berkshire) to be elected in place of Silvester Doygnel of Hewish, deceased. From these slight indications we can presume that he “got about,” kept decent company, and discharged the duties of his comparatively modest station in life. He married, according to his son’s statement in 1318, Margaret, daughter of Cecily, sister of Walter de Rudham of Mesworth, co. Buckingham,in which county and in Bedfordshire her name appears. He died in or about May, 1293, for there is a writ dated at Westminster, 24 May, 21 Edward I, 1293, to the escheator this side Trent to take into the king’s hands the lands late of Silvester Doygnel, deceased, tenant in chief (fine Roll Cal. i. p. 323), An inquisition was accordingly taken at Tockenham on the Thursday before St. Barnabas, 21 Edward I, viz., 4 June, 1293, as to the land, &c., of Silvester Doygnel, and an extent in Buckinghamshire, on Friday after the Nativity of St. John the Baptist in the same year (26 June, 1293), whereby it was found that Peter was his son and heir, aged 14 on the feast of St. Leonard last, in the one case, and the feast of St. Martin, in the other, a difference only of five days, for the feast of St. Leonard falls on the 6th and the feast of | St. Martin (in winter) on the 11th November. The boy therefore | was born, with preference given to the Wiltshire finding, on 6th | November, 1278. Margaret, his widow, was dissatisfied with these returns and two further inquisitions were taken later in the same year on her petition. Abstracts of these documents are in print and I have not examined the originals, Apparently he died seised in fee of 126a. land in Huish, there was a right of pasture and free and bond rents, the garden was worth something, and manorial Huish and the Doynels. (73 rights something; altogether the estate was worth £5 19s. a year. He was also patron of the advowson. It is again stated that the estate was held of the king in chief by service of one mark (13s. 4d.) at Lady-Day yearly, _ He was also seised, jointly with his wife, of a virgate and an acre of land in Huish, three virgates in. West Tockenham, which they had held for twenty-four years, and about 100a. in Drayton Parslow, co. Buckingham. On 1 July, 1293, there is a writ to assign Margaret her dower. In the series of returns known as Feudal Aids (vol.1., pp. 13 and 31) it is stated, in an inquisition for the Hundred of Clifton co. Bedford, taken 27 December, 1302, that Margery Doynel holds the manor of Chicksands, which in 1346 is held by the prior there, “which Margery Doynele formerly held.” Whether these entries refer to Margaret Doynel, of Huish, I do not know.! There is a writ on the Close Roll, dated 11 October, 28 Edward I, 1300, to the escheator to cause Peter, son and heir of Silvester Doynel to have seisin of the lands which Silvester held of the king in chief at the time of his death, Peter having proved his age and the king having taken his homage. He had come of age apparently in November of the previous year. He lived for sixty-five years and three months, less four days, and accomplished a good deal in the time. The first mention I have seen of him, in a public capacity, is his appointment (Peter Doignel), 28 November, 1313, with Walter de Mulesworth, to assess and collect a tax in Bedford- Shire, which strengthens the supposition that, through his mother, | he had a connexion with that county. He was appointed a com- missioner of array in the county of Wilts (Peter Doynel) 25 December, 1325, and there is a writ addressed to him as arrayer (15 August, 1326 (Pat. Rolls). It is mentioned in a writ, 26 February, 1326-7, that an inquisition had been taken before Adam Walrond and Peter Doynel (Close Roll). “ Petrus Doygnel” and -“Robertus de Hungerford” were returned to the parliament sum- -moned to meet at Salisbury, 16 October, 1328, for the county of | ‘In the Nomina Villarum (ibid p. 20) under date 1316, Mepereshale and _Chikesonde with Stondone, in Clifton Hundred, co. Bedford, are stated to | ne one vill, of which Nicholas de Mepereshale and ‘‘ Petrus Dagnel” are | lords. } ‘ 74 Hwish and the Doynels, Wilts, and there is a writ, 13) March, 1329-30, to Peter Doynel and Robert de Hungerford, to survey the dilapidations of the castle of Old Sarum (Pat. Roll). About this time he received knighthood, for he witnesses a deed at Salisbury, Tuesday before St. Gregory, 4 Kdward IIL (6 March, 1329-30) as Sir Peter Doynel, knight. (Ancient Deeds. A. 8624). He is named in a commission of oyer and terminer (Peter Doignell) 16 July, 1334, to try a case at Ogbourne St. George. ‘“ Robertus Selyman, miles,” and “ Petrus Doynel, miles,” were returned as knights of the shire for Wilts to the parliament summoned to meet 26 September, 1337, and with William de Seynt Omer, neither described as knight, to the par- liament summoned to meet 3 February, 1337-38. On 15 May, © 1339, thereis a writ calendared as follows :—“ To the treasurer and barons of the Exchequer, order to admit the person deputed by Peter Doynel, late sheriff of Wilts, to render his account on the morrow of Trinity next, as he is broken by age and weak in body | as has been testified in Chancery by certain who have taken oath thereupon” (Close Roll). Nevertheless there is a commission to | him, 30 July 1344, with others, to take an inquisition in the county | of Wilts (Patent Roll). According to the Zist of Sheriffs he held this | office for two periods, viz., from 14 August, 1337, to 20 February, 1337-38, and from 12 March, 1337-38, to 23 April, 1338. These dates suggest a struggle with illness, and capitulation, before his year of of office was out. | 7 _ By his own act, in the last year of ne life, he determined the subsequent history of Huish, how motived it is not possible to say ; but before we come to this settlement and its consequences and before we part with Sir Peter, there are a few facts to be stated | as to his mother and the claim he advanced to certain lands in Buckinghamshire in her right. : i In 1234-35 (Liber Feodorum) Marsworth, co. Buckingham, was. | held, for two fees, of the Honor of Wallingford, by four persons, in | equal parts, viz., by Ralph de Wedon, Egelina de Burdun, John le | Brun and Maud de Esserugg, who each of them held a half fee. In 1284 (Feudal Ards) it was held, still as half fees, by Ralph de | Huish and the Doynels. 75 Wedon, John de Burdun, Walter de Rudham, and Nicholas Durivall. Clearly Rudham and Durivall were successors in title of le Brun and Esserugg, but to which of those persons either of them suc- ceeded I have failed to find out. In 1303 Walter de Rudham still appears, but the return is complicated by the inclusion of Hawridge, held separately, in 1284, for half a fee, by John de Beauchamp but now reckoned in with Marsworth. Thus John de Beauchamp, Walter de Rodham, Hawisia Durivale, Ralph de Wedone, Robert de Herierde, Adam de Tylesworthe, John Conquest, and their tenants, are said to hold Marsworth and Hawridge for two fees. In 1316 Hawridge is not mentioned, but Marsworth is stated to be held by John de Monchansy, Ralph de Wedone, John Peyvre, Nicholas de Burdonne and John de Beauchamp, Assuming that Beauchamp again represents Hawridge, we have Marsworth once more held in four parts, by Monchansy (replacing Rudham), Wedon (as before), Peyvre (replacing Durivale), and Burdon (as before). That Peyvre did so replace Durivale is proved by a licence (A.Q.D.) in 1305 for John Peyvre and Beatrice, his wife, to retain lands in Marsworth acquired from Robert, son of Nicholas Druval, of Wingfield, with possession expectant on the decease of Hawys, late wife of the said Nicholas; while in the inquisition taken after the death of John’s son, Paulin Peyvre, in 1323, these lands are de- scribed as a manor in Marsworth. It remains to ascertain how Monchansy came to replace Rudham, On the Fine Roll there is a writ, dated 28 October, 34 Edward I, 1306, addressed to the escheator, &e., ordering him to take into _ the king’s hands the lands late of Walter de Rudham, tenant in chief, and a like writ on 26 November following. In execution of the last-named writ an inquisition was taken at “ Messeworth” on Wednesday, the feast of St. Thomas, Apostle (21 December), 35 _ Edward [1], 1306, of the lands and tenements of Walter de Rudham, _ deceased, who held of the king in chief, by the oath of Andrew de Jarpevill, Henry de la Sale, Thomas de Fraxino, Hugh de Messendene, John Kempe, Richard Reynfrey, Peter de Hofynge (set. Oving, co. Buckingham), Robert le Golesmyth, William de Weng’, John le Fevre, Richard de Tane and William le Fevre, who say that :— 76 Huish and the Doynels, _ Walter de Rudham held in his demesne as of fee a fourth part of the . Manor (guartam partem manerit) of Messeworth with appurtenances — of the king in chief, as of the Honor of Wallyngford, by service of the fourth part of a knight’s fee (per servitiwm quarte partis unius feodt mtotis). There is there a capital messuage worth 20s. yearly. ‘There are there 200a. arable, by the lesser hundred (cc. acre arabilis per minus centum scolt. 100 as opposed to 120) each worth 6d. and the sum is 100s. They say that he held the third part of a water mill and it is worth 8s. as let (sicut ponitur ad firmam). There are there 24a. meadow, worth 18d. each, the sum 3s. 9d. There are there 4a. pasture each worth 6d., | the sum 2s. There is there a rent of free [tenants] by the year 24s. 7d. by equal portions, viz. Christmas, St. Mary in March, Midsummer and Michaelmas. There is there a rent of customary [tenants] by the year 20s. 10d. at the same terms equally. He held 2a. wood in Drayton Beauchamp of the heirs of William de Beauchamp by service of 12d. yearly, whereof there is no profit ; he held of Ralph de Wedone 284a. arable and the moiety of a water mill, by service of 3s. 2d. yearly at the said terms, and they are worth in all issues 20s. ; the sum 20s. from which in payment of rent to Ralph de Wedon 3s. 2d. Item dicunt quod Willelmus Bygod nepos predicti Walteri est propinquior heres ipsius Waltert et etatis xl. annorum et amplius. In cujus, &e. The said Walter held no other lands in my bailiwick the day he died other than those contained in that inquisition. (Jngs. post mortem. Chancery: Edward I, File 125 (20)). William le Bygod is found by this inquisition to be nepos and heir of Walter de Rudham, aged 40 and more. The word nepos, exactly like the word “nephew” in English, may signify either grandson or nephew in the modern sense. Now it is obvious that if William, in this instance were grandson of Walter, Walter must have attained a great age, for William is stated to be 40 years old and over. Thus it is with some surprise that on turning to the Fine Roll again we find :— De homagio Willelmi Rex cepit homagium Willelmi Bygod Bygod. nepotis et heredis Walteri de Rudham defuncti de omnibus terris et tenementis que prefatus Walterus [avus znterlineated] suus tenuit de rege in capite die quo obiit . . . Ex ideo mandatum est ... escaetorl... quod .. . eidem Willelmo de omnibus terris .. . de quibus prefatus -Walterus avus suus fuit seisitus . . . plenam seisinam habere faciat . xv die Februarii [35 Edward I (1306-7) m. 10]. Here it is most clearly asserted that William was Walter’s grandson. tet ee 3 With much celerity William Bygod disposed of his newly-acquired me Huish and the Doynels. V7 property. A writ issued on 12 June, 35 Edward I (1307) that is to say, within four months of the writ to put Bygod in possession, directing an enquiry whether it be to the king’s loss that Ranulph de Monte Caniso (sci/t. Montchansy) and Albreda, his wife, retain to them and the heirs of Albreda, the manor of Masseworth, held of the king in chief, as of the Honor of Wallingford, by service of 4 of a knight’s fee, which they had acquired, to them and Albreda’s heirs, of William le Bigod, without licence. An inquisition was taken (4.Q.D. File 68, no. 7) on the Tuesday after St. John the Baptist, 35 Edward III (26 June, 1307), when it was found not to be to the king’s loss, &c.; that it is worth 8/. 19s. 3d.; and that | no lands remain to William le Bigod (after parting with Masse- | worth). - Four years later Ranulph de Monte Caniso died and by an in- quisition taken 22 February, 4 Edward II (1310-11), it was ' found that he died seised inter alia of a fourth part of the manor of Masseworth, held of the earl of Cornwall, as of the Honor of | Wallingford, by service of 4 of a knight's fee and of the wood, land, and moiety of a water-mill in Drayton Beauchamp,—of everything | in fact that Walter de Rudham had owned at his decease, A quarter of the manor of Marsworth means presumably of the _ whole vill; but as the whole vill was apparently held for two knights’ fees, the service one would suppose for a quarter of it _ ought to be reckoned at half a knight’s fee—as Walter de Rudham had held it in 1284. On the other hand, if the service is correctly | stated at a quarter, then it was an eighth of the whole vill of which | Walter de Rudham actually died seised, although it is described as a quarter of the manor, and we are left to suppose that he had sold or otherwise got rid of the other eighth, which he had originally held, in his lifetime. Some certainty on the point might facilitate the understanding of the claim advanced, in 1318, by Peter Doynell, and the answer to that claim made by John de Monte Caniso. John de Monte Caniso was the son and heir of Ranulph, aged at his father’s death in 1311 between 24 and 26 according to the various returns, and it was against him that, apparently in 8 Edward II (1314-15) Peter Doynell began his suit for “a moiety 78 Huish and the Doynels. of the manor of Messeworth.” The proceedings were possibly instituted on a writ of “Cosinage,” which is very similar to a writ of “ Aiel,’ and may perhaps in this case have been confused with — iti; me in the plea, which follows, we find “ predictus Walterus avus’”’ in one line and immediately afterwar ds :—“ dei apse ager quia, obiit sine herede,” &¢. :— | Buk.’ Petrus eel pene versus J Sie aus de Monte Caniso medie- tatem manerii de Messeworth ut jus suum et cujusdam Thome Bygod Et de quo Walterus de Rudham consanguineus predictorum Petri et Thome cujus heredes ipsi sunt fuit seisitus in dominico suo ut de feodo ‘die quo obiit etc. Et unde idem Petrus dicit quod predictus Walterus avus etc. fuit seisitus de predicto manerio in dominico suo ut de feodo tempore pacis tempore Edwardi patris domini regis nune capiendo inde explecias ad valentiam etc. Et inde obiit seisitus etc. Et de ipso Waltero quia obiit sine herede de se descendit feodum etc. quibusdam Cecilie et Katerine ut sororibus et heredibus etc. Et de ipsa Cecilia descendit feodum propartis sue cuidam Margarete ut filie et heredietc. Et de ipsa Margareta descendit feodum etc. isti Petro qui nunc petit ut filio et heredi etc. Et de predicta Katerina descendit feodum propartis — sue cuidam Willelmo ut filio et heredi etc. Et de ipso Willelmo descendit feodum etc. isti Thome qui nunc non sequitur pro proparte sua ut filio et heredi etc. Et inde producit sectam etc. Et sciendum vid, aliter A°vitj. ~ est quod alia medietas predicti manerii excipitur e€0 quod predictus Thomas alias scilicet in crastino Sancti Martinianno | regni domini regis nunc decimo habuit diem per essonium suum post- te quam summonitus fuit ad sequendum simul etc. et tune non proseque- — batur ita quod tunc consideratum fuit quod predictus Petrus coche gine etc. [pro] _proparte sua etc. Et Johannes per Adam de Brom‘attornatum suum soni Et dicit quod ipse non potest predictam medietatem predicti manerii quam | predictus Petrus petit eidem Petro reddere Quia dicit quod ipse non | tenet integre manerium illud dicit enim quod quidam Radulphus de | Wedon tenet de. predicto manerio unde etc. quaterviginti acras terre | octo acras prati decem acras bosci et quinquaginta solidos redditus Et quedam Maria de Peyvere tenet de eodem manerio quaterviginti acras terre octo acras prati octo acras pasture et quinquaginta solidatas redditus Et quidam Nicholaus de Bouedoune et Alicia uxor ejus tenent de eodem manerio unum mesuagium quaterviginti acras terre octo acras. prati decem acras pasture decem acras bosci quinquaginta solidatas: redditus et medietatem unius molendini et tenuerunt die impetracionis brevis etc. Et hoc paratus et verificare etc. unde petit judicium. etc. Et Petrus dicit quod predictus Johannes die impetracionis brevis sui_| scilicet. octavo die Februarii anno regni domini nunc octavo tenuit | integre predictum manerium cum pertinenciis unde etc. absque hoc quod _ | predicti Radulphus Maria Nicholaus et Alicia aliquid inde tenuerunt- | sieat’ predictus Johannes dicit. Et hoc petit quod inquiratur per | Huish and the Doynels. 79 patriam Et predictus Johannes similiter. Ideo preceptum est vice- comiti quod:venire faciat hic a die Sancte Trinitatis in xv dies xij etc. per quos etc. Et qui nec etc. ad recognoscendum etc. Quia tam etc. Postea ad diem illum venerunt tam predictus Petrus in propria persona sua quam predictus Johannes per attornatum suum Et idem Johannes dicit quod predictus Petrus nichil juris clamare potest in predicta medietate predicti manerii Quia dicit quod postquam ipsi placitaver- unt ut patet superius predicta medietate in seisina ipsius Johannis existente predictus Petrus per scriptum suum concessit remisit et omnino pro se et heredibus suis imperpetuum quietumclamavit. ipsi Johanni totum jus et clamium quod habuit vel aliquo modo habere potuit in predicto manerio cum pertinenciis quod fuit domini Walteri de Redham (szc) Clerici Ita quod nec ipse nec heredes sui nec aliquis alius nomine illorum aliquod jus vel clamium in predicto manerio cum pertinenciis exigere vel vendicare poterit imperpetuum Et profert scriptum illud quod hoe testatur etc. Et Petrus bene cognoscit pre- dictum scriptum esse factum suum. Ideo consideratum est quod masericordra. predictus Johannes est inde sine die. Et predictus Petrus nichil capiat per breve suum set sit in misericordia pro falso clamore etc. | De Banco Roll (no. 221) Hilary 11 Edward II m. 72 d. The gist of John de Monte Caniso’s answer, when by Adam de Brom (founder of Oriel College), his attorney, he pleads that (practically) equal fractions of the manor are held by Ralph de - Wedon, Mary de Peyvre and Nicholas Bouedone and that therefore. he cannot render to Peter a moiety of it, is a reference apparently to the original division of the manor (as early as 1235) into four equal parts; and indeed we have already seen that in 1316 John de Monchansy, Ralph de Wedone, John Peyvre (who died in December, 1315, leaving a widow, Mary) aud Nicholas de Burdon (the same presumably, as Nicholas de Boudon), were returned as its lords. It would seem therefore, that there had been no alien- ation by Walter de Rudham of any part of his original fourth. The case is to go to a jury by consent, but when the day comes John produces a release to him by Peter Doynel of “ all his right in the manor aforesaid which was of Sir Walter de Rudham clerk,” and so the case ends—in a payment no doubt in cash by John to Peter of unascertainable amount. In other words, there can be very little doubt that Peter Doynel’s claim by descent was a just one; that the manor had belonged to his great uncle and his | father’s guardian, Walter de Rudham, one of the king’s clerks, who 80 Huish and the Doynels. had married his ward, Peter’s father, to his own niece. The pedigree stands thus :— Walter de Rudham held $ of Marsworth in 1235. i | | | Walter de Rudham, Katherine=... Bigod Cecily,dead 1307= king’s clerk, died dead 1307 | 8.P. —=+, | | William Bigod, living 1307, Silvester Doinel = Margaret, then aged 40 and more, in ward to Wal- | apparently dead 1315 = ter de Rudham: | living in died 1293. 13802. Ree | Thomas Bigod, Peter Doinel, living 1315. claimant. Upon this showing the whole of the proceedings of 1307 were essentially fraudulent and William Bigod, the beneficiary, did well to convert what he had thus gained into money without delay : but, after all, the matter remains extremely obscure. The fraud seems nearly impossible of perpetration, the more so if Margaret. Doinel and her son were owners of land not merely at a distance, in Wiltshire, but in the county of Buckingham itself. » The effect if not the object of the settlement made by Sir Peter Doynel in the last year of his life was the disinheriting of his son and heir. His wife, at this time, was Agnes, formerly wife of Nicholas Burdon, who had died in December, 1300, leaving issue by her a son, Nicholas, then aged 11. The wardship of this boy was granted to one Walter de Freyne. Her dower consisted of land in Broadhinton and the manor of Yatesbury, to which was attached the advowson of the church, and the successive institutions to this rectory, as printed by Sir Thomas Phillipps, furnish some dates of value for the pedigree. In 1304 the king presents as guardian of the heir of Nicholas Burdon, deceased; in 1317 Henry de Freynes and Agnes Burdon, his wife; in 1330 Peter Doynel and Agnes, his wife. I do not know that the accuracy of Sir Thomas Phillipps’ work is entirely trustworthy, but if Henry de Huish and the Doynels. 81 Freynes is correct he was doubtless near of kin to the Walter de Freyne to whom the ward of the heir had been granted ; nor do I know to what family they belonged unless it were those of the name at Bupton, The point, however, to be noticed is that the widow, Agnes Burdon, contracted another marriage before that with Sir Peter, and it is not probable, if in 1317 she was the wife of Henry de Freyne, that she was the mother of Sir Peter’s children. Of these children we hear only of two, viz., Silvester, born according to one statement in 1315, and according to another in 1321, or thereabouts. This particular discrepancy and the general vagueness of such returns, where nothing was at stake, leave us free to suppose that he was born considerably earlier. His sister Anastasia, to whom we next come, had a son, Thomas Blount, of marriageable age in 1344, from which we may infer that she could not herself have been born much later than 1313. Sir Peter was almost certainly born in 1278, and these children of his, if by a first wife, would normally have been born to him in or about 1308. The settlement of 1344 secured Huish in the first place to Sir Peter and Agnes with remainder to Anastasia’s son, and seeing that Anastasia is not put in remainder at all, it may be presumed that she was already dead. The first step in the procedure was a deed whereby Sir Peter, being seised of it in fee, enfeoffed the rector of Yatesbury and others of the manor of Huish. These feoffees granted it back to him and his wife, with remainders over. There was then an in- quisition taken upon a writ of Ad quod damnum and finally the king’s confirmation by Letters Patent of the grant with the re- mainders over :— Writ to John Mauduit, escheator, co. Wilts. Peter Doynel and Agnes his wife have made petition (supplicarunt) to us that, whereas the said Peter lately enfeoffed Patrick (Patrzcowm) parson of the church of Yatesbury, John de la Roche and John Whetlaye, vicar of the church of Yatesbury, of his manor of Hywysh which is held of the king in chief, as it is said, to hold to them and their heirs of the king and his heirs by the services due and the said Patrick, Johnand John, seisin thereof had, afterwards granted the said manor to the said Peter and Agnes (with remainder as in the Patent of 18 Edw. IIT) the king’s licence therefore (super hzzs) not obtained, the king would be pleased won, XXXIX.—NO. CXXIII. fe 82 Huish and the Doynels. (velimus) to pardon the transgression and to grant that they might hold it (as above), the king wishes to be certified if he can assent to this petition without loss (dampno) and directs enquiry whether it be to ~ the king’s loss or of others; whether the manor be held of the king in chief, or of others, and how; its yearly value ; whether the said Peter hold lands or tenements elsewhere of the king in chief (or no) what and where or of whom ; and if any lands &c. remain to him beside the said manor, what and where and of whom held, of the king or others, &c, and their value. Westminster, 8 October, 18 Edward [III.] Memorandum of execution endorsed. (8 October, 1344). Inquisition taken before John Mauduyt, escheator, co. Wilts, at Stawelle, Monday, the feast of St. Luke the Evangelist, 18 Edward III (18 October, 1344) by virtue of writ annexed, by the oath of Thomas Blanchard . . . . . Itis not to the king’s loss (&c. as above). The said manor is held of the king in chief by service of xiij. s. i13j. d. yearly for all service to be paid by the hands of the sheriff ; itis worth 100s. yearly in all issues. No lands or tenements remain to the said Peter beyond the said manor. Ing. ad quod dampnun (A.Q.D.). File 271 (2), - Whereas Peter Doygnel and Agnes, his wife, enfeoffed Patrick, par- son of the church of Yatesbury, John de la Roche and John Whetelaye, ~ vicar of the church of Yatesbury, of the manor of Hiwissh, held in chief ~ and they re-granted the same to them for life, with successive re- mainders to Thomas, son of Thomas le Blount and Margaret, daughter of the said John de la Roche, in tail, to Peter, brother of the said Thomas, son of Thomas, in tail, to Nicholas de Cotteleye in tail mail, and to the right heirs of Peter Doygnel ; and whereas the said Patrick, John and John and afterwards Peter and Agnes entered, by virtue of © : the said feoffment and grant, upon the manor without licence, the | king has pardoned the trespasses herein and granted that Peter and | Agnes shall retain the manor for life with remainders as above. 20 — October, 18 Edward III, 1344. By fine of 10. Wilts. Patent Roll Silencer under date, p. 517. It may be noticed that it is John de Roches who is feoffee, it is John de Roches’ daughter, Margaret, married to young Thomas Blount, who benefits, and the inquisition taken after Sir Peter Doynel’s death, a few weeks’ later, is taken before John de Roches, escheator.1 In this inquisition it is again asserted that the manor ‘On the Fine Roll, under date 10 Feb., 19 Edw. IIT (1344-5), there is a commission to Robert de Hungerford which recites that John de Roches, — sheriff and escheator, co. Wilts, had entered, by colour of his office, upon a | great part of the lands late of Peter Doynell, tenant in chief, the wardship | whereof belongs to the king, in order to oust the king from such wardship, | and holds the same to his own use, refusing to take and return the in- | quisitions he was ordered to take, and appoints Hungerford to take the | lands into the king’s hands, &e. Roches’ action it is clear had given ground | for scandal. Huish and the Doynels. 83 of Huish is held of the king in chief by service of 1 mark, ‘It is also stated that Sir Peter held no lands other than Huish. He was, however, seised of the reversion of land in Wanborough, as will appear later on :— Writ. Wilts Peter Doynel, chivaler. diem clausit. 4 February 19 Edward ITI (4 February, 1344-5.) Inquisition taken before John de Roches, escheator, at Upavene, Friday after St. Agatha, 19 Edward III (11 February, 1344-5), by the oath of John Skillyng, &c. He gave his manor of Hiwish, held of king in chief, to Sir Patrick, parson of the church of Yatesbury, John de la Roche and Sir John de Whetlaye, vicar of the church of Yatesbury, and their heirs for ever, by virtue of which gift they were over a long time seised of the said manor, and afterwards, full and peaceful seisin thereof having been had, they gave the said manor to the said Peter Doynel and Agnes his wife, to hold of the king by the services due and accustomed for their lives, with remainder to Thomas son of Thomas le Blount and Margaret daughter of the said John de la Roche and the heirs of the bodies of the said Thomas son of Thomas and Margaret issuing, to hold of the king by the services therefore due and accustomed, with remainder in default to Peter brother of Thomas son of Thomas le Blount, and the heirs of his body issuing, to hold, &c., with remainder in default to Nicholas de Cottelegh and the heirs male of his body issuing, to hold, &c., with remainder in default of such male issue to the right heirs of Peter, to hold, &c. And so the said Peter together with the said Agnes was seised of the manor aforesaid by the form of the gift aforesaid. He held no other lands or any other tenements of the king the day he died except only the said manor of Hiwish, which is worth 100s. in all issues. One Silvester Doynel son of the said Peter Doynel is next heir of the said Peter, who is aged 30 and more. The said manor is held of the king in chief by service of 13s. 4d. yearly, for all service. He died Tuesday before the Purification in the year abovesaid (1 February, 1344-5). Ing. p.m. Chancery, Edward III, File 76, no. 29 ; [old reference 19 Edward ITT, 1st. nrs., no. 37. | To John dela Roche, escheator in co. Wilts. Order to take the fealty of Agnes late the wife of Peter Doynel, knight, and not to inter- meddle further with the manor of Hiwissh, restoring the issues thereof to her, as the king has learned by inquisition taken by the escheator that Peter long before his death gave that manor to Patrick, parson of Yatesbury church, John de la Roche and John de Whetlay, vicar of Yatesbury church, by virtue of which gift Patrick, John and John were seised thereof for a great while, and afterwards they gave the manor to Peter and Agnes his wife to hold for life with remainder to Thomas son of Thomas le Blount and Margaret daughter of the said John de G2 84 Huish and the Doynels, la Roche and the heirs of their bodies, and that the manor is held in chief by the service of 13s. 4d. yearly, and the king by letters patent has pardoned the trespasses made in this respect and has granted that Peter and Agnes shall hold the manor for life in the form pyOnecaier 22 April, 19 Edward III, 1345. Close Koll Sigiendan under date, ‘p. 517. Lady Doynel did not long survive her husband, On her death Yatesbury reverted to the Burdons and Huish devolved in the terms of the settlement. In the short interval Thomas Blount and Margaret, his wife, if indeed they had been more than affianced, had already died, and the succession opened to Peter :— Writ. Wilts. diem clausit. Agnes who was the wife of Peter Doygnel, knight, 3 June, 23 Edward IIT (3 June, 1349). Inquisition before Robert Russel, escheator, at Devises, 25 June, 23 Edward III (25 June, 1349). Agnes who was the wife of Peter Doygnel, knight, held the manor of Hywissh for the term of her life jointly enfeoffed with Peter Doygnel formerly her husband by the gift and feoffment of John de la Roche and John Whetelaye, vicar of the church of Yatesbury, as in the king’s charter (s¢c) thereof made is more fully contained, so that after the death of the said Peter and Agnes the said manor should remain to Thomas son of Thomas le Blount and Margaret. daughter of the said John de la Roche and to the heirs of their bodies, with remainder in ~ default to Peter brother of the said Thomas son of Thomas and the heirs of his body issuing, with remainder in default to Nicholas de Cotteleye and the heirs male of his body, with remainder in default to the right heirs of Peter Doygnel. The said manor is held of the king in chief by service of petty ser- ‘jeanty, viz. 13s. 4d. yearly, worth 100. She held the day she died the manor of Yatesbury. and also a mess- uage and a carucate of land in “la Lyteletoune” and Brodehenton, by by name of dower of the inheritance of Nicholas Bordoun by ‘the assignment of the same Nicholas. The aforesaid manor of Yatesbury is held in chief of athe ford Edward, prince of Wales, as of the manor of Trowbrigge, which is parcel of thie earldom of oh lisibiney, by knight-service. The said messuage and land in “la Lyteletoune” and Brodehenton are held of John de Cobeham in oles ‘by service of 4s. yearly, for all service. The said manor of Yatesbury is worth 132. 6s. 8d. and the said messuage and land in “la Lyteletoune” and Brodehenton, are worth 40s. The said Agnes died 6 May in the year abovesaid (6 May, 1349). The said Thomas son of Thomas & Margaret daughter of John de la Roche died in her lifetime and the said Peter brother of the said Thomas son of Thomas is still surviving and is aged 8 years; and so by the form of the gift the said manor of Hywyssh ought bye remain to the said Peter son of Thomas. Di Huish and the..Doynels. 85 _ The said Nicholas Bordoun son of the said Agnes is [her] next. heir _ of blood (heres propinquior de sanguine) and is aged 40. C. Edward ITI, File 104 (19); old reference, 23 Edward IIT. p. 2. 1* mrs. no. 161). To Robert Russell, escheator in co. Wilts. Order to take the fealty of Peter brother of Thomas son of Thomas le Blount, according to the form of a schedule enclosed with these presents, and to deliver to him the manor of Hywyssh, and not to intermeddle further with the manor of Yatesbury or with a messuage and carucate of land in Lyteletoune and Brodehenton, restoring the issues of the latter tenements, as the king has learned by inquisition taken by the escheator that Agnes late the wife of Peter Doynel, knight, held no lands at her death in chief or of any other in that county, in her demesne as of fee or in service, but that she was enfeoffed of the manor of Hywyssh for life jointly with Peter, of the gift and feoffment of Patrick, parson of Yatesbury church, John de la Roche and John Wetelaye, vicar of Yatesbury church, with remainder, after their death, to Thomas, son of Thomas le Blount and Margaret daughter of the said John de la Roche and the heirs of their bodies, or in default to Peter brother of Thomas and the heirs of his body, and that Agnes held the manor of Yatesbury and the messuage and land aforesaid, in the name of dower, of the inheritance of Nicholas Bordoun, and that the manor of Hywyssh is held in chief by the ser- vice of a petty serjeanty, to wit 13s. 4d. yearly and the manor of Yates- bury, the messuage and land are held of others than the king, by divers services and that Thomas and Margaret died during Agnes’ life, with- out an heir of their bodies, and that Peter brother of Thomas survives. 3 July, 28 Edward ITI, 1349. Close Roll Calendar, under date, pp. 43-44. Apparently there is no doubt that Peter’s age is found to be eight years in the inquisition after Lady Doynel’s death, but it is not credible, as far as I am informed, that a writ such as the above should have been issued to take his fealty, &c., if he were under age, an uncertainty particularly unfortunate, for the purposes of the pedigree. He died young in any case, and as it would seem unmarried :— Writ. Wilts. Peter son of Thomas Blount. diem clausit. 24 April, 35 Edward III (24 April, 1361). Ing. at Marleburgh 29 July, 35 Edw. IIT (29 July, 1361) before John Estbury, escheator by the oath of . . . Thos. Heighweye He held in fee the day he died the manor of Hiwyssh with advowson of church of same of king in chief by great serjeanty. In which manor is a capital messuage . . . He held in fee the day he died a messuage and two carucates of land in Erdescote and Wambergh of the earl of Hereford by knight-service. Thereis therea messuage . . . The said manor, land &c. ought to remain to John de Cotteleye son and 86 Huish and the Doynels. heir of Nicholas de Cotteleye by virtue of a gift and grant which Peter Doignel with the king’s licence made to Patrick . . . of the said manor and advowson and of the reversion of the messuage &c.in Erdescot and Wambergh which John Goudhyne held for the term of his life by Peter’s demise with reversion after John Goudhyne’s death to Peter, his heirs and assigns. John Goudhyne attorned to Patrick and the said Patrick . . . being seised gave said manor, advowson and reversion to Peter and Agnes his wife, for life, to whom John Goudhyneattorned, with remainder to Thomas son of Thomas le Blount and Margaret daughter of the said John de la Roche, and the heirs of their bodies, remainder to Peter brother of Thomas son of Thomas and heirs of body, remainder to Nicholas de Cotteleye and heirs male of body, remainder to right heirs of Peter. The said manor &c. now ought to remain to John son and heir of said Nicholas de Cotteleye, because Peter and Agnes, and said John Goudhyne died and said Thomas and Margaret died without heir of their bodies and said Peter brother of Thomas died without heir of his body and Nicholas father of John, whose heir he is, died. The said Peter died Tuesday before the Annunciation last (23 March, 1360-61). Silvester Doynel brother of Anastas’ mother of Peter, uncle of said Peter, aged 40 and more, is his next heir, but the said manor &c. ought not to descend to Silvester, his uncle & heir, but to the said John Cotteleye son and heir of Nicholas, aged 30 and more by virtue of the grant. C. IP.M. Edward III, File 156 (18) ; old reference 85 Edw. 1IT pt. 1, no. 14). In this inquisition—of which a fuller abstract will be found in the volume of inquisitions after death, and other such inquisitions, issued to members of the society,—rather marred to my thinking by such phrases as “ contingent remainders,” and so on—the service by which Huish was held becomes grand serjeanty after, for the first time, figuring in its predecessor as petty serjeanty nominatim. We are also introduced to the land at Erdescote, which I suppose to be Earlscourt, in Wanborough (now in Little Hinton), and we are allowed to know that the Blount boys were sons of Anastacia - Doynel. Itis quite possible that Erdescote itself was the remnant of a more considerable Doynel estate in the Swindon neighbour- hood, at any rate the manor mentioned in the following note needs explanation :— | It was found by inquisition, 8 May, 16 Richard IT (1393), after the death of William Worfton, that he was seised inter alza of :— The manor of Medebourne Doynel and Medebourne Stokke in Huish and the Doynels. 87 Ludynton, held of the abbess of Shaftesbury, service unknown, worth 100. A carucate of land in Wamberg, held of the prior of Lewes, service unknown, worth 100s. (The “aavelhes of Wanborousl andl SRalebineton are contiguous to each other.) Of the connexion that, it is to be presumed, existed in blood be- tween Sir Peter Doynel and Nicholas de Cotteleye, the remainder- man, I have failed to find the proof, or indeedanything about him, his predecessors, or descendants,! save the two documents which John de Cotteleye caused to be enrolled on the dorse of the Close Roll, in 1361, shortly after the taking of the inquisition whereby he was found heir to Huish and Erdescote :— Writing of John de Cotteleye son and heir of Nicholas de Cotteleye giving with warranty to Richard Okle and John de Bodyngton, clerks, James de Lacy and Eustace de Wynfryngham, their heirs and assigns, a yearly rent of 20/. to be taken at Easter and Michaelmas by even portions from his manor of Hywyssh and all his lands in Ore and Shawe, co. Wilts, with power of distraint if in arrear. Witnesses, Gilbert Berewyk, Robert Blake, William Worftyn, John Perham, Robert le Palmere. Dated at Brodeton, co. Wilts, Thursday after St. Denis, 35 Edward III (Thursday, 14 October, 1361). Memorandum of acknowledgment in Chancery, 29 October. Charter of John de Cotteleye son and heir of Nicholas de Cotteleye giving, with warranty, to the same, their heirs and assigns, all his land, &c., in Erdescote and Wamberg. Witnesses as above. Dated at Erdescote, Wednesday, after St. Denis, 35 Edward ITI. Memorandum, as above. Close Roll Calendar under date, p. 286. The second of these two documents, which relates to Erdescote, is dated there, but whether there is any fair inference to be drawn from the fact that the parallel one is not dated at Huish may be doubtful. The second document, however, is a feoffment—so I presume from the abstract—which implies the ability to give seisin, while the right exercised in the case of Huish is merely the grant of a rent-charge. On the whole therefore it seems to be quite possible that the difference between the two grants was motived ‘There was an ancient family Cotteleye of Cotteleye, co. Dorset, tenants of the bishop of Salisbury, of whom a Nicholas de Cotteleye occurs in 1285, and 1342,John de Cotteleye in 1346,and in 1428 the heirs of John de Cotteleye. 88 Huish and the Doynels. by necessity—that John of Cotteleye could go to Erdiscote, but found Huish difficult of access. The immediate enrolment of both © documents, for better preservation of testimony, is also not without weight; they were important as evidence of a right, or claim. There is one very good reason for supposing that, from the moment of Peter Blount’s death the title to Huish lapsed into uncertainty. In 1309 and 1336 Peter Doynel presented to the church there ; in 1347 and 1349 Agnes Burdon, relict of Sir Peter Doignel. In 1362, that is to say in the year after Peter Blount’s death, the living was vacant, and then, and again in 1392, the bishop presented, on a lapse, that is to say, the true and undoubted patron could not be found. Here we have thirty years of a doubtful title, which as a matter of fact extended themselves, with intervals of quiet possession, to a full period of one hundred and fifty years, before Huish merged peacefully into the possessions of its most powerful neighbour(Seymour) whose claim was persistently asserted, though his title, as 1am inclined to believe, was not to be preferred. There is as a matter of fact no recorded presentation between 1349 — and 1362,and itis quite possible that Peter Blount,who if the findings are correct was in minority during the whole period of his supposed — tenure, was never effectively in possession ; for the fact of possession is not proved by the statements, however definite, of these in- quisitions. More than once in the documents remaining to be cited we shall come on the expression that “he was seised by 9) protestation,’ that, in other words, a claim was put in that was not effectual. It is therefore perfectly possible that, from the moment of the death of Lady Doynel, the property was in dispute, in which case yet another eleven or twelve years are to be added to the period of the interregnum. There appears, so far as [ can judge, to have been two sets of claimants, that 1s to say, that two titles were set up. Both titles must have been derived from Sir Peter Doynel, but how derived the evidence, so far, is insufficient to show, and we can only fall back on the supposition that the one originated in the heir-at-law, the disinherited son and heir of Sir Peter, and the other in the heir of entail, John de Cotteley, but it should be clearly understood | i | ! ! Huish and the Doynels. 89 that this is merely a guess. Nor is there evidence, though the transmission of each claim can be indicated, from which source the supposed titles respectively originated.1 Just twenty years after Peter Blount’s death we find what purports to be a sale by one John de Garton and Maud, his wife, of the manor of Huish to John de Roches and Willelma, bis wife :— Richard, é&c. to Thomas Illeston, escheator, co. Wilts. John de Roches, knight, and Wilelma his wife have petitioned that whereas they have acquired, to them and the heirs male of the body of John, the manor of Hywyssh from John de Garton and Maud, his wife, who held it of the king in chief, as is said, to hold, &c. so that if John de Roches die without heir male of his body then after his and Willelma’s death the manor may remain to Gilbert Roches and Alice, his wife, and the heirs male of Gilbert’s body and if Gilbert die without heir male of his body may remain after his and Alice’s death to the right heirs of John de Roches to hold &c. which John and Willelma entered without the king’s licence, the king would be pleased to pardon the transgression : the king wishing to be certified, &c. 26 April, 4 Richard IT. (26 April, 1381). Inquisition at Hywissh, co Wilts,before Thomas de Illeston escheator Tuesday after St. John before the Latin Gate [year omitted] (Tuesday, 7th May, [1381]). It is not to the king’s hurt that John and Willelma have acquired the manor of Hywysch of John de Garton and Maud in the form contained in the writ annexed . . . the said manor is held of the king in chief by service of a rose at Midsummer and doing fealty to the king for all service; it is worth 6 marks ; John de Garton and Maud hold the manor of Erdescote in the same county of the king over and above the manor aforesaid which is worth 100s. by knight service, and of others than the king they hold no lands or tenements in the same county. A.Q.D. File 397 (4) ; old reference, Ing. p.m. 4 Richard ITI. no 72. So far as the dates are concerned it is permissible to see in Maud de Garton a daughter and heir of John de Cotteleye, who brought the legal estate in Huish in marriage to her husband, Joln de Garton, and joined with him in conveying it to Roches: but this ' Tt will doubtless have been observed that in the Letters Patent, eng. ad quod damnum, cited above, &c., which governed the descent of the manor of Huish, no mention whatever is made of the advowson, or of the reversion in Erdescote. and it is difficult to understand what claim Peter Blount, or John de Cotteleye, could have made out under this settle- ment to either; the terms however of the inquisition taken after the death of the former (Peter Blount) appear to preclude the notion that some parallel but distinct conveyance of them was alleged. 90 Huish and the Doynels, is purely conjectural. It is clear, from the remanet above, that, whoever they were, John and Maud claimed the entire Doynel inheritance, both in Huish and Erdescote. Nevertheless, claim or sale notwithstanding, in 1392 the Bishop presented,—hest of tests of the ineffectiveness of both. On 30 September, 1400, John de Roches died. The very next year the representative, as I take it, of the counterclaim appears, in the person of John Lovel, lord de Lovel, who actually presents in 1401. By the same description he presents in 1402, and by the description of John Lovel, lord Lovel and Holland, in 1404 and 1405. In 1408 he died and we get the following very interesting findings of a jury :— Inquisition Saturday after St. Matthew, 9 Henry IV. (Saturday, 22 September, 1408). John Lovell, chivaler . . . died seised in fee of the reversion of the manor of Erdescote and the reversion of 100s. rent in Hynesete and Tymerygge which Richard Holte holds for the term of his life the said manor of Erdescote is held of the heirs of Robert Houlond as of the manor of Wambergh by service He died seised in fee of the manor of Hyak with the advowson of the church of Hywysh, held of the king . . . the manor worth nothing beyond reprises and a yearly rent of 20/. to one Thomas Lovell and his heirs for ever at the terms of St. Mary and St. Michael He died 10 Sept. last (1408). John his son & heir zt. 30 & more. Ing. p.m. Heury IV, File 66; old reference, Ing. p.m. 9 Henry IV. no. 29. This looks like effective possession of the Doynell inheritance ; —the church presented to, Erdescote leased, Huish charged, The rival claim, however, was only dormant, and when, by death, so powerful an adversary had been removed, the heirs of Roches moved. On the occasion of their ancestor’s decease, in 1400, nothing had been said about his ownership of Huish. This omission was now remedied, a writ of Que plura (or a writ to enquire as to what further lands a given person deceased had held, as yet un- declared) was procured, upon which the following inquisition was taken :— Writ of gue plura, Wilts, 12 July, 12 Henry IV (12 July, 1411). John de Roches, chivaler. Inquisition at Dyvyses, co. Wilts, Monday after St. Denis, 13 Henry IV (Monday, 12 October, 1411), before Robert Andrewe, escheator, by oath of William Walrond . . .. John de Roches, chivaler, named in writ, held the day he died in fee the manor Huish and the Doynels. soil of Hewysshe with the advowson of the church of the same town of the king in chief by knight service. There are there a messuage with dovecot worth 13s. 4d. yearly ; a certain (certus) rent of assize worth 63s. 4d.; 2 carucates of arable worth 16s.; 12a. meadow worth 24s. ; pasture for 200 sheep in several and common, worth 40d.; 100a. wood, worth 13s. 4d.; which constitute (que factunt) the manor aforesaid. He also held the day he died in fee a messuage and two carucates ot land in Erdescote and Wamborgh in said county, of whom held the jurors know not; over and above those lands and tenements which are specified in an inquisition taken after the death of the said John de Roches and returned into the Chancery; the said messuage and two carucates of land are worth 40s. The said John de Roches died 30 September 2 Henry IV (30 Sep- tember, 1400). Elizabeth wife of Walter Beauchamp is daughter of the said John de Roches and one of his heirs and is aged 25 and more; and John Benton is his cousin and other heir, viz., son of Joan, sister of the said Elizabeth the other of the daughters and heirs of the said John de Roches and is aged 5 and more. Ing. p.m. Chancery. 1st Series. Henry IV. File 85 ; old reference, Ing. p.m. 13 Henry IV. (19). From this point the fortunes of Erdescot and Huish are severed. ‘There can, I think, be no doubt that the Lovels retained and | transmitted the lands in Erdescot, henceforward invariably de- scribed as the manor of Hrdescot, without let or hindrance from | any rival claimant, and, seeing that their titles to Erdescot and ' Huish must have been identical the fact of their retaining Erdescot “undisturbed certainly points to that title having been, in the first | instance, sufficiently sound. This is tantamount to saying that their title must in some way have been derived from Nicholas de Cotteley and his son John, and leaves us to seek some other parentage for Maud de Garton. The evidence that Erdescot, so descended, is as follows, John, lord Lovell, as we have seen, died seised of the reversion of it, expectant apparently on the death of Richard Holte (—possibly 16 was the rent only and not the manor which Richard Holte held -—) on 20 September, 1408, leaving John, his son and heir, aged 30 and more. This John, it is to be presumed, made it over to his mother, who is said subsequently to be seised of it in fee; for by | an inquisition (C. Henry V. File § ; old reference Ing. p.m. 2 Henry | V. no. 30) taken Thursday in Easter week, 3 Henry V (4 April, | 1415), it is found that :— 92 Huish and the Doynels. John Lovell, chivaler, . . . held the day he died in fee the reversion of the manor of Erdescote, which Maud, late the wife of John Lovell, chivaler, his father, holds for the term of her life, which manor is held of the said Maud, as of her manor of Wanborgh, by knight-service ; it is worth 10 marks . . . He died on the feast of 7 St. Luke, the Evangelist, last (18 October, 1414). William, his son and heir, is aged 17 and more. It appears accordingly in the inquisition, taken at Aldebourne, co. Wilts (C. Henry VI. File 6; old reference, Ing. p.m. 1 Henry VI. no. 51), Monday before St. Barnabas, the Apostle, 1 Henry — | VI (Monday, 7 June, 1423), after the death of Maud(Lady Holand), © late the wife of John Lovell, chivaler :— She held in fee the day she died, . . . and the manors of © Briddeserd and Erdescote . . . In the said manor of Erdescote © are a hall, two chambers, a grange, a stable with a sheep-pen (bercaria), 7 worth nothing beyond reprises; a close worth 2s. yearly; 82a. arable, © worth 3d. each; 12a. meadow, worth 12d. each ; a parcel of pasture, — worth 2s.; a cottage with garden, 27. arable, 1a. meadow, held at will, | worth Qs. yearly ; of rent of assise of free tenants there, 5s. 64d. due at Michaelmas. The manor of Erdescote is held of Thomas Chaucer and — others, as of the manor of Wambergh, service unknown. She died | Friday, the seventh day of May last (1423). William Lovell, chivaler, is her cousin and heir, viz., son of John Lovell, chivaler, deceased, her son. He is aged 24 and more. William, Lord Lovell, by whichever title, from father or grand- | mother, was undoubted heir. By inquisition (C. Henry VI. File | 158, m. 18), 23 September, 34 Henry VI (1455), it was found | that :— | William Lovell, knight, died seised in fee, jointly with Alice his | wife, whosurvives . . . Long before his decease he was seised in fee | of the manors of Elcombe, Blakgrove, Mighenden, Wiglescote, Salthorp, — Whitehill, Uffecote, Erdescote,and Knoke . . . and gavethesame | enter alia to Henry, archbishop of Canterbury, William Tirwhit, knight, | and other, to hold to them, their heirs and assignsforever . . . The | said manor.of Erdescote is held of the king, as of the duchy of Lancaster, | by service of ~ of a knight’s fee . . . He died 13 June last (1455). | John Lovell, knight, is his son and heir. In an inquisition (feudal Ards), taken at Marlborough, Saturday, 19 June, 1428, for the Hundred of Blakgrove, it is found —and the } reference is to the William, Lord Lovell, abovementioned :— Huish and the Doynels, 93 Willelmus, dominus de Lovell, tenet inmediate de ducatu Lancastrie, certa terras et tenementa in Wamburgh, que nuper fuerunt Thome de Howlond, per servicium unius feodi militis. Idem dominus de Lovell tenet immediate, de quo vel de quibus ignorant, certa terras et tenementa in Herdescote, que nuper fuerunt Willelmi atte Welde, per servicium quarte partis unius feodi militis. No returns are extant, for Wiltshire, for the Aid to which the findings of 1428 refer back, but if, as is most probable, the date of \this Aid was 1346, it is not easy to fit the William atte Welde, abovementioned, into our account of Erdescote. On the death of William, Lord Lovell, in 1455, Erdescote passed inter alia under his will to his younger son, as appears by the lowing Bill in Chancery :— To the right honurable fader in god the Bisshop of Bathe Chauncellor of England [1467-1472]. | - Besechen in ful humble wise William Lovell Lord Morley, and Herry Lovell squyer brother to the same William that where John late | Lord Lovell enfeoffed John Greyby squyer John Crofton Edmond | Thorn and William Braunston in and of the manoirs of Erdescote Berley | Estwykham and Rotherhithe with thapertenaunces with other diverses maners landes tenementes rentes services and reversions in the shires of Wilteshir Hertford Kent Surreye Oxonford Berk’ Buk’ Stafford Salop and Wircestre of truste to thentent that the same feffees at suche tyme as they shold be required by the seid suppliantz shold enfeffe theym in and of the same manoirs landes tenements rentz and reversions accordyng to the fourme and effecte of the laste will of of William late Lord Lovell fader as well of the seid John late Lord | Lovell as of the seide suppliantz. And albe hit soo that the same ba suppliauntz have ofte tymes required the seid William Braunston to make astate with his seid cofeffees beyng at all tymes thereto redy and | welwilled, of the maners landes tenementz rentz and reversions aboue saide accordyng to the seide entent and laste will, yet the same William Braunston that to do hathe at alle tymes refused and yet j refuseth ayenst feith and conscience to the gret hirt of your seid suppliantz whereof they may have no remedye by the commune lawe. Plese hit your graciouse lordship to considre the premisses and theruppon to graunte a writte to be directed unto the seid William Braunston -chargynge hym upon a certein peine to be lymyted by your lordship to _ apere afore the king in his chauncerye the viilj of August next comyng ther to be examyned of and upon the premisses And to do and receyve | theryn such as shall be demed and ruled there after feithe andiconscience. Thomas Waldyeve de London plegii de prosequendo gentilman et Thomas Aleyn de gentilman. Early Chancery Proceedings Bd. 38 (248). 94 Huish and the Doynels. The pedigree stands thus :— John, lord Lovell, = Maud, lady Holand, died 10 Sept.,1408. | died 7 May, 1423. | John, lord Lovell, = aged 30, 1408 ; died 18 Oct.,1414. | William, lord Lovell,= aged 17, 1414, aged A A cued 1455. | | 1. John,lord Lovell,= 2. William Lovell,lord Morley= 3. Henry died 9 Jan., died 26 July, 1476. Lovell, | 1464-65. Squyer. cae | | Francis, viscount Henry, lord Alice, lady Lovell, attainted Morley, Morley. 1485 aged 10, 1477. A “Slain at Dixmude in Flanders, 1488-89.” §.P. The inquisition which proves that Erdescote actually came into | the possession of the second son was taken 20 March, 17 Edward | IV (1476-77) :— William Lovell, lord de Morley, knight, died seised in fee of the | manors of Brydeswurth, Ubbedon Lovell and Erdescote, co. Wilts, in | fee. He died the morrow of St. James, 16 Edward IV. (26 July, 1476) | The manor of Erdescote is worth yearly 107. Henry Lovell, his | son and heir isage10and more. ‘Tenures of the said manors unknown. | (C. Edward IV. File 59, m. 6.) | To return to Huish, we learn from the inquisition taken on the | writ of Que Plura that the senior coheir of Roches was Elizabeth, | wife of Walter Beauchamp; the next name that we find connected | with Huish is that of Sturmey, and we have the definite statement, | made many years later by his descendant, that Sturmy acquired | Huish by purchase from Walter Beauchamp. To all appearance | 1T have since met with the fine between Beauchamp and Sturmy, as follows :—Hece est finalis concordia facta . . . a die Sancti Michaelis | Huish and the Doynels. 95 this was a case of actual possession. Sir Walter Sturmy presented in 1414 and 1421, and enfeoffed the bishops of Bath and Worcester and others of the manor, as is recited in the inquisition, taken after his death in 1427 :— Inq. at Marleburgh Wednesday before the Holy Trinity,5 Henry VI (11 June, 1427). . . The same William Sturmy was seised in fee of the manors £ Wolfhale . . . Hywysch And the said manor of Hywyssh the same William Sturmy long before the day of his death gave to lord John Stafford, bishop of Bath, lord Thomas Polton, bishop of Worcester, Hugh Luterell knt. Richard Sotewell and Robert Torney who were and still are seised thereof ac- cordingly Manor of vaclh held of king in chief by service of 13s. 4d. worth 100s. He died Semndiay before the Annunciation last (23 March, 1426-7). Agnes wife of John Holcombe his daughter and heir and John Seymour his kinsman & heir viz. son of Maud his daughter, zt. 40 and more and 26 and more. IPM. Henry 6. File 26 (1). Even with all this cumulative evidence of possession it is quite doubtful to what it amounted. In the very next year, 1428, the living became vacant and Thomas, bishop of Worcester, John bishop of Bath, Richard Sotuell and Robert Torney, feoffees of the manor of Huish, presented John Brompton, but the presentation in tres septimanas anno regnorum Henrici filii regis Henrici regis Anglie et Francie primo (October, 1413) inter Willelmum Esturmy militem querentem et Walterum Beauchamp armigerum et Elizabeth’ uxorem ejus deforciantes de manerio de Huyssh cum pertinenciis et de tribus messuagiis duabus carucatis terre viginti acris prati quadraginta acris pasture centum et quadraginta acris bosci et viginti solidatis redditus cum pertinenciis in Huwyssh Ore et Shawe ac de advocacione ecclesie manerii de Huwyssh unde placitum convencionis summonitum fuit inter eos in eadem curia seilicet quod predicti Walterus et Elizabeth’ recognoverunt predicta ma- nerium et tenementa cum pertinenciis et advocacionem predictam esse jus ipsiusWillelmi Et illa remiserunt et quietaclamaverunt de ipsis Waltero et Elizabeth’ et heredibus ipsus Elizabeth’ predicto Willelmo et heredibus suis imperpetuum Et preterea iidem Walterus et Elizabeth’ concesserunt pro se et heredibus ipsius Elizabeth’ quod ipsi warantizabunt predicto Willelmo et heredibus suis predicta manerium et tenementa cum pertinenciis et advocacionem predictam contra omnes homines imperpetuum Et pro hac recognicione quietclamacione warantia fine et concordia idem Willelmus dedit predictis Waltero et Elizabeth, ducentas marcas argenti. Yeet of Mines, Wilts. Case 256. File 60. No. 1. 96 Huish and the Doynels. apparently was set aside, and John Mainbray, described on his’ — resignation, three years later, as John Mounbray, was instituted, | on the presentation of “John Brid of Marleburgh, lord of Huwysh.” ~ Now the feoffees whose presentation apparently failed were the feoffees of Sir William Sturmey, while there is nothing whatever — to show that John Brid derived his title from them; on the contrary, in the absence of affirmative evidence, the whole course of the subsequent narrative tends to show that he did not. That Sturmey’s possession was not a reality is further suggested by his ~ descendant’s confession that he died seised of the manor “by pro- ~ testation,’ that is to say that Sir William was not in actual pos- session. at his death. It may be of interest to add, before passing on, that the original inquisition, taken after Sir William Sturmey’s — death, now in a faded and dirty state, has at one place in the margin a hand drawn, pointed at a particular entry in it, and that the entry relating to Huish—witnessing no doubt to the fact that for the purposes of the subsequent Seymour litigation this entry, the © root as it were of their title, was sought for and found. Rich ‘In the person of John Brid, with his alias of Bird, there opens. | | a fresh chapter in the history, or if you will the romance, of the © manor of Huish. For the reason suggested above I am inclined to suppose that he derived his title, which doubtless was immediately : by purchase, from the same source as the Lord Lovel,—that he | represented the alternative title. I know regrettably little about — him. I presume that he was of a Marlborough family and son, or | grandson, of that John Bryd who was one of the burgesses in Parliament for Marlborough in 1383. In the reign of Henry VI he occurs repeatedly, associated with men of good standing, in com- — | missions to enquire into all manner of offences, &.,in the county of | Wilts, in which county his father, as I suppose, was escheator in the | reign of Henry IV, (13-14 Henry IV, 1412), and he himself in the | reign of Henry V (5-6 Henry V, 1427) as John Byrd, or Byrde. | He resided, permanently, it is to be supposed, in Marlborough, for | which town his father, as I suppose, was sent to Parliament, as one | of the two burgesses, in 1402, 1413, 1414, 1415, and he himself in 1426, 1435, and 1437, all these being distinct parliaments separately | summoned, By the description of “John Bryd the younger of |¥ Huish and the Doynels 97 Marleberg ” —which implies of course that a John Bryd the elder was then alive—John, lord Lovell, levied a fine to him, in October, 1414, of the manor of Axeford—a prior transaction between them which strengthens the supposition that it was from lord Lovell also that he acquired Huish. ! We know that there was a time when fortunes could be made in Marlborough. John Goudhyne, whose name has occurred above, as a life tenant of Erdescot, is an example. John Bird was apparently another, but whether as a mercator may be doubtful. He contrived at any rate to retain his possession of Huish undis- turbed for the rest of his days, if the exercise of his right of patronage is any proof, for he presented to the church there in 1428, as above, and again in 1431, 1435, and for the last time in 1444, That he was in full possession of Huish in 1428 is further proved by an inquisition (feudal Aids) taken, for the Hundred of Swanborough, at Marleburgh, the Monday after St. Barnabas, 6 Henry VI (Monday, 14th June, 1428), before John Payn, Robert Erley, John Sturmey of Axeford, John Bryd of Marleburgh (and five others), collectors, in the county of Wilts, of the subsidy granted in the last parliament, whereby the jurors find that :— | Johannes Byrd tenet per serjantiam certa terras et tenementa que nuper fuerunt Petri Doignell. “John Bryd,” not this time, however, designated as “of Marle- | burgh,” is also returned, in an inquisition taken two days later for the Hundred of Chippenham, as holding (jointly with two others) | one of the fees of the abbot of Glastonbury in Langley Burrell and Ghiittleton. In June, 1441, as appears by a fine of that date, E John Bryd and Isabel his wife "—and Isabel it is to be observed was the name of the wife of John Bryd of Marlborough—made a | further large purchase of lands in North and South Langley, Langley Burrell, “Langley Parcehay,’ ‘Langley lI yssours,” and Chippenham. 1 See Paper by the Rev. Prebendary Clark-Maxwell, Archeological Journal | (1912), vol. LXIX., pp. 122—124. It appears that John Goudhyne paid one quarter of the entire taxation assessed on Marlborough. kes EXON = NO. OXI, H | 98 Huish and the Doynels. The next presentation to Huish after 1444 is by John Bryd’s widow in 1455, and it is obvious that he died between these dates. Evidence furnished by Canon Wordsworth, in an article to which we shall refer in detail further on, proves that he was dead as early © as 1445. In 1464 died Sir John Seymour, whose connexion with the story will immediately appear, and in or about November, 1471, Dame Isabel Seymour, his relict, filed the following Bill in Chancery :-— To the right reverent ffader in godd Robert Beschopp of Bathe and Wellys and Chaunceler — of Englond. Mekely besecheth your good and gracious lordschep Isabell Seymour ~ late the wyfe of John Seymour knyght that where one John Byrd late — of Marleburgh in the Counte of Wiltes’ nowe dede was seasyd of the © a _maner of Hewyssh and other landys and tenementes in Hewyssh ~ aforeseyd with the appurtenauns in his demene as of ffee And so therof beyng so seasyd bargayned and solde the said maner landys and © tenementes to.the said John Seymour for a certayn som of money by hym to the said John Byrd. paied and content in maner and forme © folowyng that is to say that the said John Byrd of the said maner landys and tenementes with the appurtenauns scholde enfeffe John Banham clerke nowe dede and John Mychell of Marleburgh yett levyng to have to theym and to theyr heyres in ffee to thentent that the said John Banham and John Mychell so beyng therof seasyd of the same maner landys and tenementes with thappurtenauns scholde make estate to the said John Byrd and Isabell then late his wyfe for terme of theyr bothe lyves the remayndre therof after theyr deces to the sayd — John Seymour and Isabell your said oratrice then his wife and to theyr heyres forevermore Accordyng to the whiche bargayn sale and agrement the sayd John Byrd of the said maner landes and tenementes — with thappurtenauns enfeffeffed (sie) the said John Banham and John ~ Michell to have to theym and to theyr heyres in ffee by force of whiche — feffement they were thereof seased in fee to perfourme and execute the — entent and bargayne afore expressed And for asmoche as the said ~ John Saymour and John Banham one of the said feffees ben’ nowe dede and that the said estate and remayndre ben’ nott yet execute and made accordyng to the bargayne aforsaid your said oratrice after the dethe — of her said husband hath oftyn tymes requyred the said John Michell the feffe of the said John Byrd beyng now survivour in forme afore | said to make a state to the said Isabell Byrd terme of hir lyfe the remayndre therof in fee to your said oratrice as afore ys expressed that | to do the said John Michell hathe refused and yett dothe ayenst all | good conscience Hit may please therefore your good and gracious | lordschipp the premisses considered to graunt a wrytt of Sub pena | direct to the said John Michell comaundyng hym by the same to appere | Huish and the Doynels. 99 afore the kyng in hys chauncery att a certayne day theryn to be lymyted And to do heryn as trouth reson and good conscience schall requyre in this behalfe att the reverens of godd and in way of charyte. Plegii de prosequendo Rogerus Seymour de London’ gentilman Humfridus Seymour de London’ gentilman (To be continued.) H 2 100 NOTES. Annals of Keevil and Bulkington. It seems desirable to note at some length the contents of a stout 4to bound volume of 294 well-typed pages lettered on the outside ‘‘ Annals of Keevil and Bulkington. This book is the property of the Vicar and Churchwardens of Keevil.” This has been compiled by the Rey. A. T. Richardson, (Vicar of Keevil, 1908—1914, and now Vicar of Bradford-on-Avon) and left for the use of his successors at Keevil. Beginning with thirty-three different spellings of the name of the parish, from the Chivele of Domesday downwards, he notes the coins, almost all Roman, collected by Mr. Henry Ghey, chiefly from a field called ‘‘ Henleys,” where there is a slight indication of an entrenchment, where other objects have also been found. The Roman coins, of which a list is given, date from 81 to 117 A.D. and from 253 to 370 A.D. There was also found here a coin of Wigmund, Archbishop of York, 837—854. Some account is given of the various members of the Fitzalan family with the descent of the manor from 1159 to 1579, It is suggested that Talboys House was probably part of the property bought from Henry, Earl of Arundel, by John Jones in 1558-9, whose grandson William Jones probably lived there after 1570. He afterwards bought Brook House, near Westbury, of Charles, Lord Mountjoy, in 1599. This property in Keevil later passed to the Blagdens and through them to the Chamberlains. The Baileys of Baldenham or Baldham Mill were important clothiers in the 16th century. It is to the well-to-do clothiers of the later fifteenth century that the author attributes the erection of the many picturesque old timbered houses for which Keevil is so remarkable among the villages of Wiltshire. Most of these were afterwards turned into pairs of cottages. Of five of them good photos are given in the book. In 1560 Henry, Earl of Arundel, sold the second half of the manors of Keevil and Bulkington to Richard Lambert, who built the existing Manor House, his grandson Edward adding the porch and the walls of the garden in 1611. In 1680 Thomas Lambert sold the property to William Beach, of Fittleton. The author gives several conjectural maps of the parish at different periods, showing the various holdings. Then follow in Latin, with English translations, a long series of entries connected with the parish, extracted from the Calendars of Patent Rolls, Close Rolls, Charter RoJls, Fine Rolls, Inquisitiones ad quod damnum, Testa de Nevill, Hundred Rolls, Inquisitiones post mortem, Feet of Fines, Wiltshire Wills proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, and extracts from Lambert Wills. In the account of the Church the interesting story of the font is told. This was turned out some time previous to 1840 and replaced by a holy water stoup. The font was seen by the Rev. R. Crawley, Vicar of Steeple Ashton, 1828—69, in a local builder’s yard, bought for 1s., and placed in the garden of Notes. 101 Steeple Ashton Vicarage (together with the font of Seend Church). Mr. Crawley, however, gave it later on to the Rev. W. H. Pooke, Vicar of Keevil, who replaced it in the Church. The stoup is now in the vestry. Of the wooden screen, removed in 1807, portions were found in 1909 under the floor used as joists and quite rotten. It was apparently of the 15th century. The base of the cross now in the churchyard was dug up years ago in Coople Church Field, and was long used as a pump trough. This was wrongly spoken of in newspaper reports and else- where asafont. Asregards ‘*Coople Church” itself, a tradition existed of the existence of the foundations of a Church in Upper Ashton Field, between the villages of Keevil and Steeple Ashton, and it was said that this Church originally served the two parishes before the erection of the present Churches. Hence the name “Coople Church,” as “coupling” the two parishes. This theory, however, will not hold water, for several reasons, one of them the fact that there is undoubted evidence of a much older Church at Steeple Ashton, on the same site as the present one. In March, 1913, Lieut. W. H. Chamberlain excavated the foun- dations in “ Coople Church Field,” which were found to be only about 9 inches under the surface and in bad condition. They appeared to be those of a rectangular building 56ft. long, and 18ft. 6in. broad, both outside measure, lying due east and west. ‘There appeared to be evidence of a respond or transverse wall in the interior, 34ft. 6in. from the east end, and of a buttress about the middle of the outside of the north wall. The walls were about 23ft. thick. Two skeletons which were found on the S. side of the building, near the E.and W. ends, prove the existence of a burial ground, apparently round the building, and there is a tradition of a lead coffin having been found somewhere near. The foundations were covered up again after having been opened, as the land was re- quired for cultivation. Mr. Richardson inclines to the belief that this was the original Church of Keevil parish, but this theory, too, seems difficult to accept.! Mr. Richardson prints the notes which he read on Talboys House at the visit of the Cambrian and Wilts Arch. Societies on Aug. 13th, 1913. As to the name “ Talboys,” in a map of the Manor of Keevil of about 1795, the house and other property is shown as belonging to “‘ Thomas Talboy,’ and it was known as “ Talboys” in 1841. Mr. Richardson suggests that this is a corruption of “Talbot’s,” and that the Rev. Thomas Talbot, of Margam (Glam.),who lived at Keevil and had a son born there (Thomas Mancell Talbot) in 1747, probably acquired this property about 1750 from Mr. Berry, the previous owner. In the middle of the 19th century the house was occupied as a farm, the drawing room and bedroom over it forming a cottage. It was “restored” by Mrs.Kenrick, under the direction of Mr. Adye, of Bradford-on-Avon, between 1876 and 1880, when the present porch was, unhappily sub- stituted for an earlier one of 17th century date and different design. The drawing room was then panelled in oak—the panelling being re- moved to the bedroom above in order to show the curious earlier wall 'The Wiltshire Gazette,April 3rd and 17th, 1913, contains some account _ of the uncovering of the foundations and letters on the subject. : 102 Notes. paintings on the walls. These were “found, traced, and reproduced’ by Mrs. Kenrick. The east kitchen wing was added at this date, and — the stone pillars at the entrance to the stable yard were brought there from the lower entrance to Blagden House. Of the well-known Manor House three photos are given, one showing the picturesque but dilapi- dated range of buildings on the W. side of the house which has lately been pulled down by Gen. Dickson and replaced by a new kitchen wing. Blagden House, of which a photo is given, was, Mr. Richardson suggests, built perhaps by Richard Stephens, who died 1595, inasmuch as in 1630 it was called “Stephen’s Hold.” It was at one time much larger, twelve rooms on the N. and W. sides having been pulled down. In 1749 it was the property of “ Madam Blagden.” The Old Vicarage, of which a drawing is given, was a two-gabled house with mullioned windows and a porch of two storeys ; it was pulled down together with the Old Rectory House, which stood in the present kitchen garden of the Vicarage, when the new Vicarage was built by the Rev. W. H. Pooke in 1842. There are also notes on Gilbert’s House, pulled down in the middle of the 19th century; Baldham Mill deriving its name from Robert Baldenham ; and Pinkney Farm, with a stone in its front inscribed “W.M. 1684.”—which Mr. Richardson ascribes to William Mortimer, who gave his name to Mortimer St., in Trowbridge. The descent of Bulkington Manor in its two portions is traced until they both ultimately became the property of the Gaisford family. There is a tradition that the old chapel of Bulkington stood in the “New Leys” Field, and that when it was pulled down the bell was given to Steeple Ashton, and now hangs at Semington Church. The present Church was built (a list of the subscribers is given) in 1860. Two maps of Keevil parish, showing the different fields, in 1749 and 1795 (one of which is reproduced) are at present in the vestry, being lent by Mrs. W. W. B. Beach. A list of Rectors and Vicars from 1253 ; and of churchwardens from 1598 ; extracts from the vestry books; the descent of the advowson of the living; the Terriers of 1678, 1704, and 1783—the latter containing a very full description of the Old Vicarage ; inventories of the present furniture, &c., of the two Churches ; pedigrees of Fitzalan, Lambert, Beach, Tooker, &c.; population tables (in 1801 it was 792, in 1911, 542); accounts of the charities ; a list of place names with suggested derivations; and a number of other notes, are given. Among other matters is mentioned “Turpin’s Stone,” which stands in the ditch by the roadside from Bulkington to Keevil, near Pentry Bridge, and bears an almost obliterated inscription which is said to have run :— ‘Dick Turpin’s dead and gone, This stone’s put here to think upon.” The book has been most kindly lent to the Editor by Mr. Richardson, who also leaves behind him at Keevilan Index of the Registers, for the purpose of this notice. It is greatly to be wished that other Vicars of Wiltshire parishes would speedily follow his most laudable example, in the compilation of like “annals” of their parishes, | | Notes. 103 Iron Smelting in Pewsham Forest in the 13th century. Mr. C. H. Talbot some years ago called the Editor’s attention to the fact that the following passage, which occurs in an Inquisition taken before Matthew, son of John, Keeper of the Forest of Chippenham in 1294, proves that iron ore was dug and smelted in Pewsham Forest at that time, and that this industry was not confined to the Roman period, as is sometimes assumed. The passage from Wiltshire Inquisitiones post mortem Hen. III.— Hd. IT, p. 203, runs :— “It is not to the damage or hurt of the King or of his Forest of Chyppeham (szc) nor of any other whomsoever if the Abbot of Stanleye, and the Convent of the same place, in their demesne lands within the metes of the said forest outside the cover, may dig iron ore and make iron thereof, and take and carry it away thence whither they will.” | Interment in stone-lined grave at Little Ridge. Lady Mary Morrison, writing from Fonthill House on July 28th, 1914, says :—“In excavating for a new road at Little Ridge a skeleton in a stone-lined grave has been discovered. The lid formed of slabs of stone is about two feet below the level of the ground. The position of the body is on the side. Very little except a very perfect set of teeth remains of the skeleton.” Apparently nothing was found, or at all events noticed, by the workmen besides the skeleton, which was doubt- less of Roman-British age, other remains of this period having been found in this neighbourhood. E. H. GopDARD. Westley Family. Some notes concerning the manor of Whitclyff and the family of Westley were printed in Wilts Arch. Mag., xxxvi., 439. The following ‘“ Bill” may serve to indicate a further line of enquiry with regard to both. The ‘‘ Answer” to this “ Bill” does not appear to be forthcoming. [A.D. 1500—1501.] To the right reverend fader in god my lord of Sar[esbury] keper of the kynge’s grete seall. Mekeley besecheth your gode lordship your contynuall oratour John Westley That wher’ as he beyng laufully possessed and seised in his demeane as of fee taill of and in the maner of Whitclyff with thappurtenaunces in the Countie of Wiltes’, diverse and many of the evydencez concerning the same maner ben’ comme to thandes and possession of oon Alice Hunt wydowe / And how be it your seid besecher diverse tymes hath required the seid Alice to dely ver to hym the seid evydences for the conservacion of his right and title in the premisses, But that to do the same Alice at all tymes hath refused and yet refuseth ayenst all right and conscience / And for asmoche as your said besecher knoweth not the certente of the seid evydences nor wherin they be conteyned he hath no remedy by the cours of the comen lawe Please it therfore your godeand gracious lordship the 104 Notes. premisses considered to graunte a writte of sub pena to be directed — to the seid Alice Hunt commaundyng her by the same to appere before — the Kyng in his Chauncerye at a certen day and under certen peyne — by your gode lordship to be lymyted ther to answer to the premissis. / — This for the love of god and in the wey of charitie. / Ricardus Philley de London’ mercer et — Plegii de prosequendo : Robertus Pafley de eadem skynner. Endorsed ;—Coram domino rege in cancellaria sua in [xv* Sancti Michaelis erased] octabis Sancti Hillarii proximo futuris. Early Chancery Proceedings. File 246 (67). Jee Tee oils Bromham. Under the title “Bromham, a History of a Wiltshire — Parish,” 1913, 82in. X 63in., Mr. W. A. Webb has prepared a certain number of bound copies of a type-written account of the parish, of ~ which he has presented one to the Society’s Library. It consists of 148 pages and contains a store of information of all sorts, about the parish. The opening chapters deal with Wansdyke, ~ the Roman Road and Villa, and Oliver’s Camp—the next with the ~ history of the Manor from Domesday to the Reformation, the Grant to — Battle Abbey, and the Rentals and Custumals of the Manor from the ~ Public Record Office. The Dissolution of the Monasteries, the Grant — to Sir Edward Baynton, and the subsequent history of the Manor, the rates of pay for weavers in 1605, a dispute between the Crown and Sir © Henry Baynton as to Common land in 1614, the events of the Civil — War as far as they affected the parish, Old Bromham and Spye Park — Houses, Quakers, the Church, with the Monumental Inscriptions, and — the Heraldry in full, folding pedigrees of St. Amand, Beauchamp, Roche, 7 and Bayntun, Church Plate, the Rectors, with some account of many of them, the Beauchamp Chantry and Chantry Priests, the Almshouses, © Natives and Residents, Old Houses (with photos of Sloperton Cottage | as it was in Moore’s time, the Old Rectory, demolished 1858, Old | Bromham House, demolished 1885), and other particulars. There is a folding sketch map of the parish, a plan of the Church, and drawings of the brasses. Altogether a very useful collection of what is known about Bromham. The provision of Warlike Furniture amongst the Clergie of the Dioces of Sarum besides the Bisshop his owne (14th August, 1588). Transcribed from the original in the Record Office by W. A. Webb. Petronells. Mr. Deane of Sarum | 2 Mr. Pykhauer Archdecon of Sarum 1 Mr. Colcoll Canon Resident of Sarum 1 Mr. Moody pson of ffovent in Wiltsh. 1 Mr. Awbrey of Ashton Keynes in Wiltsh. 1 Mr. Dorrell pson. of Belford in Berksh. 1 ; Notes. 105 Mr. Smith of Castle Eaton in Wiltsh. Mr. Powell of Enford in Wiltsh. Mr. Johnson of ffittleden in Wiltsh. Mr. Pinkney pson of Barwick St. John’s in Wiltsh. Mr. Jeffreys of Tydworth in Wiltsh. Mr. Clinton of Highworthe in Wiltsh. Mr. ffrench parson of Boyton in Wiltsh. Mr. Pullin of Buckland Mr. Curteys pson of Tylehurst in Berksh. Mr. Hall pson of Beenham in Berksh. Mr. Johnson of Buryfield in Berksh. Mr. Roue of Cluerthe in Berksh. ) Mr. Dugdale of Polshott in Wiltsh. \ en = — —_ Mr. Warning of Cheverell in Wiltsh. Mr. Wrench of Semlye in Wiltsh. Mr. Mostley of Dunhead Andrewe in Wiltsh. Mr. Dr. Cole prebendarie of Sarum Mr. Bessell prebendarie of Sarum Petronells 20 Mr. Dr. Powell of Reading il Mr. Shepley of Newberie Mr. filint of Speene Mr. Brickenden, of Inckpen Mr. Touye of Thacham Mr. Herdman of Hampstead Norris Mr. Goodman of Stanford in valle Mr. Newman of Mylton Mr. Sheward of Shallingford Mr. Morland, of East Illesley Mr. Knight of Northwrapple Mr. Wood of Somerford Magna Mr. Eylefield of Stanton Quintin Mr. Dian of Poole Mr. Webbe of Ham Mr. Gough of Cheverell Parva Mr. Buckle of Hilprington Mr. Rogers of Steeple Ashton Mr. Meade of Tollard Ryall Mr. Pye of Newton Tonye Mr. Pilgrim of Winterslowe Mr. filynt of Sherington Mr. Knott (?) of Codford Mary Mr. Bower of Wishford Mr. Sinnell of Stockton Mr. Dillworth Prebendarie of Sarum Mr. Dr. Bold Prebendarie of Sarum Mr. Maruyn of great Knoyle Mr. Ducket of fountell gifford Fm i OR Oh a a 106 Notes. Mr. Cooke of Sparshalt 1 Mr. Shilburne of Pangburne 1 Mr. Gravett of Bradfeild it Mr. Crixst of Luddiard Millicent 1 Mr. Rogers of Dunhead Marie 1 Mr. Blythman of Wargrave 1 Pykes 35 Musquetts. Mr. Gill of ffinchampsted 1 Mr. Marler of Waltham lawrence Mr. Eeks of West Isley Mr. Pownall of Yattingden Mr. Hooper of Chiueley Mr. White of Shawe Mr. Roberts of farnborowe Mr. Berry of Annington Mr. Hilton of Shrivenham Mr. Culpepper of Ashburie Mr. Drope of Cunner Mr. Yates of Appleford Mr. Phillips of Harwell Mr. Walkins of Hinton Parva Mr. Butwell of Brode Hinton Mr. Burford of Cliffe Pipard Mr. Pynner of Wotton Basset Mr. Pinckett of Crudwell Mr. Coles of Box Mr. Bigge of Garresdon Mr. Mason of Shapworth Mr. Hide of West Kington Mr. Bellamie of Collorne Mr. Hatton of Huishe Mr. Web of Trabridge Mr. Thornborough of Odstock Mr. Drake of ffyfeild Mr. Munsfield of Baverstock Mr. Jones of Milton Mr. Lewis of Bemartin Mr. Bower of Wily Mr. Dobbs of Veny Sutton Mr. Barlou of Shrewton Mr. Dr. Balgay of Boscombe Mr. Mason of Rolstone Mr. Nettyard of Hanney Mr. Dr. Withers of Wantage Mr. Dr. Wilks of Barford Mr. Poton of Barwick St. Leonards Mr. Potter of Meere ee See Se eee See ee ee ee ee eee ee eee ee Musquetts 40 Notes. . Yonge of St. Giles in Reading . Wright of Purley . Leese of Cookham . Leiford of Prismere . Eson of Shawburne . West of Cholsey . Wright of Hagburne . Harper of Sutton Courteney . Britt of Wittenbam Comitt . Seagar of Southmorton . Hope of Blewberie . Kember of Slindon . Ellis of Radburne Marie . Withers of Crickladd . Jones of Hannington . Babthorpe of Winterbourne}basset . Clifford of Ovrton . Beard of Hellmartin -. Webb of Bromeham . Midleton of Brightwaltam . White of Brinkworth . Wisdome of Grickilton . Worsley of Nettleton . Hunt of Collingburne Ducis . Giue of Collingburn Abbatt . Morgan of Chilton ffoliatt . Starkye of Awburne . Welford of East Lavington . Whelpley of Uichfont . Crosse of Sutton Manfeild . Wiggins of Winterborne Stoke . Hobson of Sulhamsteed . Danlow of Uffton . Philips of Mamsberie . Cowley of Wotton Rivers . Burton of Colshill . Marmion of Brickston devrill . Darling of Upton Lovell . Newman of Warfeild . Bickerton of Newnton Calivers 40 . Arrowsmith of Emborne . Thornley of Stanford dingley . Awbrey of Kingston Bagpuze . Jones of Ashton torald . Joane of ffoxley Calivers. es i i i i i opi oe Halberts. 1 107 108 Notes. Mr. Lodsham of Buttermere Mr. Thackham of Bradford Mr. Stockton of Chirton Mr. Bowles of Tysberie Mr. Dominick of ffunthill Epi. Mr. Roberts of Dinton Mr. Wall of Swinsteed Mr. Harvest of Whiteparish Mr. Parrott of East garson Mr. Bullar of Castlecombe Halberts 15 In all Petronills 20 Pykes | 35 Musquetts 40 Calivers 40 Halberts 15 ee Endorsed. 14 Aug. 1588. The certificate of Warlike Furniture for the Diocese of Sarum. hors foot petronels 20 corselets 35 musquets 40 calivers 40 Lay halberds 15 The Centenary of the birth of Isaac Pitman, | January 4th, 1913. Press notices and articles relating to the above, in addition to those mentioned in Wrlts Arch. Mag., xxxvili., 134, 521, 522 and 527. ‘* Pitman Centenary Souvenir. Souvenir presented by Mr. Alfred | Pitman and Mr. Ernest Pitman to the members of their Staffs at the | Dinners held in London on 4th January, 1913, and in Bath on 11th | January, 1913, to commemorate the Pitman Centenary.” a Wrappers, 12 x 9, pp., including titles, 32. Handsomely printed | on one side of the page only, on fine paper, the illustrations being | mounted on the blank side. | It consists ofa good article “Sir Isaac Pitman,” by Alfred) Beaker Pitman,” Memorial Portrait, by A. S. Cope, A.R.A., in the National! Portrait Gallery, London; “School attended by Isaac Pitman at | Trowbridge,” (from a drawing); “ Kingston House, (or The Hall) Bradford-on-Avon”; “Isaac Pitman’s House at Wotton-under-Ed (the ‘ Birthplace of Phonography’),”; “Title and Cover of ‘Steno- grapic Sound—Hand,’ published in 1837”; “The First Phonetic Notes. 109 “Tsaac Pitman, 1859 (age 146)”; “The Fourth Phonetic Institute, Kingston Buildings, Abbey Churchyard, Bath” ; “ London Publishing House,jNo. 1, Amen Corner”; “Isaac Pitman, 1887 (age 74), (from a Marble Bust by Sir Thomas Brock, R.A.)”; ‘‘ The Fifth Phonetic Institute, Lower Bristol Road, Bath”; ‘‘ Pitman’s School, South- ampton Row, London”; “ No. 17, Royal Crescent, Bath.” [There appear to have been two editions of this souvenir, one of ‘which with the following title ‘‘ Souvenir of the celebrations held in commemoration of the Centenary of the birth of Sir Isaac Pitman (inventor of phonography) throughout the English speak- ing world in the year 1913. Presented by his sons Alfred and Ernest Pitman,” was given to all those who attended the celebra- tions held in London and Bath on May 28rd and 24th, 1913, respectively. This edition appears not to have included the “ Portrait of Isaac Pitman in 1859” but had a view of the “ New York Publishing House.” “The life and work of Sir Isaac Pitman,” by Clarence Pitman, nephew of the inventer. Article in the Vew York Times, Dec. 13th, 1912. Another article appeared in the Vew York Herald, Dec. 29th, 1912. “A grand old man’s career” (Isaac Pitman). Article in the Dazly Sketch, Dec. 26th, 1912. An article in the Dundee Advertiser, Dec. 31st, 1912, dealt with the influence of Phonography in the political education of the people, &c. “Tsaac Pitman and his efforts in the direction of Spelling Reform.” Article in Vhe Pioneer, Dec., 1912. The Tokyo Asiatic (Japan) Jan. 3rd, 1913, devoted four columns to the life and work of Isaac Pitman. On Jan. 4th, 1913, appreciative articles appeared in the following newspapers: —C'eylon Independent, Daily Chromcle, Daily Telegraph, Daily Graphic, Despatch, East Anglia Daily News, Evening Stan- dard, Manchester City News, Manchester Guardian, Morning Post, Northern Echo, Pall Mall Gazette, Scotsman, Sheffield Weekly In- dependent, Sheffield Weekly News, The Bookman, The School Master, The War Cry, Tit- Bits (with portrait), Westminster Gazette, York- shire Observer. “The birthplace of Isaac Pitman,” by G. H. Gibson. ‘“ Sir Isaac Pitman as I knew him,” by the Rev. J. Thomas. Articles (printed in shorthand) in Zhe Reporter’s Magazine, Jan., 1913, with good portrait of Isaac Pitman, and woodcut of site of birthplace. ** Sir Isaac Pitman’s Invention in the Office,” by Arthur J. Cook, A.LA., F.S.S. Article (printed in shorthand) in The Reporters’ Journal, Jan., 1918, with good reproduction of the memorial portrait of Isaac Pitman on the cover. Other articles also appeared in the following magazines for Jan., 1913 :—Hallett’s Shorthand Gazette (printed in shorthand), Wesleyan Methodist Magazne, Phonographic Magazine (Cincinnati, U.S.A.), De Rapporteur (Holland), Der Pionier (Berlin), Der Deutsche Steno- graph, Deutsche Stenographer Zeitung, Kurzschriftliche Mitteilungen (Hamburg), Arbecter Stenograph (Vienna). 110 Notes. “A famous Trowbridgian.” A sketch of Isaac Pitman’s career in the Wiltshire News, Jan. 10th, 1913, with portraits of Isaac Pitman, Alfred Pitman, Ernest Pitman, and the following woodcuts :—“ Site of Isaac Pitman’s birthplace in Trowbridge”; “ Boyhood home at Timbrell Street, Trowbridge” ; ‘‘ Old counting house in which Isaac Pitman was clerk, adjoining Courtfield House, Trowbridge” ; “The interior of the office”; “ Kingston House, Bradford-on-Avon, early home of the Pitman family ” ; “Isaac Pitman’s house, Orchard Street, Wotton-under-Edge, the birthplace of Phonography ”; “First Pho- netic Institute, Nelson Place, Bath”; “Second Phonetic Institute, Albion Place, Bath”; “A corner of the Third Phonetic Institute”; ‘Fourth Phonetic Institute, Abbey Churchyard, Bath”; “No. 1, | Amen Corner, London.” j “Tsaac Pitman as Teacher, Inventor, and Reformer.” Article in | Great Thoughts, Jan. 11th, 1913. | The Licensing World, Jan. 11th, 1918, contains a striking testimony | to Isaac Pitman. | “The Life of Sir Isaac Pitman,” by T. P. O’Connor, M.P., in 7’. Ps Weekly, Feb. 21st and 28th, 1913. 4 Articles also appeared in The Korrespondenzblatt (Dresden), Feb., 1913; American Exporter, April, 1913; and Harmsworth’s Popular Science Part 40, May, 1913. 4 An account of the Centenary celebrations held in iMod on May 23rd, and in Bath on May 24th, 1913, is given in a special supplement” to Pimanis Journal, June 7th, 1913, with illustrations. : “The Pitman Centenary Celebrations at Trowbridge.” Woltsaa News, Nov. 21st, 1913. ‘* The Pitman Memorial at Trowbridge unveiled by Lord Methuen.” 4 Wiltshire Gazette, Nov. 27th, 1918. ‘“‘ Pitman Centenary. Unveiling of a memorial tablet at Wottoill ail under-Edge.” Report, in The Wootton-under-Edge and Dursley | Gazette, Nov. 29th, 1913, with illustration of the unveiling ceremony, | ‘*Wotton-under-Edge honours Sir Isaac Pitman.” An account im Pitman’s Journal, Dec. 13th, 1913, of the unveiling of the memorial tablet on the house occupied by Isaac Pitman where he invented his 7 system of shorthand, with illustrations of ‘“ The Memorial Tablem and “Isaac Pitman’s house at Wotton-under-Edge.” “Sir Isaac Pitman honoured by his native town.” An account of || the unveiling of the memorial bust at Trowbridge, Nov. 20, 1913, a Commercial Kducation, Dec. 2nd, 1913. “Trowbridge, the Birthplace of Sir Isaac Pitman.” IL. Artielll | by G. H. Gibson, in The Reporter’s Magazine, Dec., 1913, with views | of the exterior and interior of Trowbridge Town Hall. Printed in )f shorthand. at “The Pitman Memorial at Trowbridge.” A short account of the |} unveiling of the memorial bust at Trowbridge, in the Phonographic |} Magazine, Cincinnati, December, 1913. In the same publication, | if March, 1914, the subject was again referred to, and a woodcut given | f of the school attended by Isaac Pitman at Trowbridge. | IF. W. Lona. Notes. 111 Nettleton Church. The late Mr. E. C. Lowndes, of Castle Combe, wrote on July 14th, 1900, to the editor as follows :—“ I went to Nettle- ton the other afternoon, and found that they had excavated an area round the church where it was necessary, chiefly on the west and south of the building. It was about a yard deep in most places, and revealed a base with a moulding,—(and in places a second moulding nearer the ground,)—all of which had been previously concealed under the accumulations of earth. Inside the church they had taken up about 10 feet square of the flooring of the pews round the pillar which divides the 1st and 2nd arches from the west end, and found that the rood screen had apparently been cut up and used as rafters to support the floor of the pews. I saw three pieces that had been taken out, lying on the floor of the side aisle. They were from 10 to 12 feet long, and 5 or 6 inches, perhaps, square in section. Mouldings, two ornamented in the hollow with rather elaborately carved quatre foils about 3 inches square placed about a foot apart all along, and the third ornamented in the same way with roses, about two inches in diameter each. The length of these pieces of aude the Rector told me, corresponded with the width of the chancel arch. I could see under the flooring adjoin- ing the place where the opening had been made the ends of other similar pieces ornamented in the same way.” Bittern near Westbury. Mr. T. C. Pinniger writes from “The Walnuts,” Westbury, on January 18th, 1915, to the Wiltshire Times “ Referring to the report which appeared in the Weltshire Times some weeks ago of the shooting of a bittern near here, this bird was shot by me while out snipe shooting. I have subsequently found that the bittern is protected throughout the whole year in this county, and regret having shot it, being unaware what bird it was until it was retrieved.” ‘A remarkable house at Chippenham, and the suc- _ cessive houses at Bowden Park. | In the Building News, May 22nd, 1914, there appeared a measured drawing, elevation, section, and plan, by Mr. Walter Rudman, of the | _-very ornate front of a house in the High Street, Chippenham, now occupied by Mr. G. A. H. White. The drawing is a good one, but I | understand that the Editor required a descriptive account to accompany | it, which was perhaps unfortunate, for the real facts were not known ‘| to the writer and the account is therefore conjectural and very wide of _ the mark. This led to my writing two letters, on the subject, which appeared in the Wiltshire Gazette, on the 4th and 11th of June, 1914. | I was aware already that some persons at Chippenham supposed the front of this house to have been brought from the great house which , was begun but pulled down again without having been ever completed, on Bowden Hill, as Mr. Rudman definitely states that it was, but I confess I was surprised to find the name of Inigo Jones brought in. The Chippenham house appears to be simply a case of an older building 112 Notes. re-fronted in the early part of the eighteenth century, and the ornate character of the front seems to imply that this was done for a person © offsome importance. The front has all the appearance of having been — designed for the position which it occupies. The great house on Bowden Hill, which was never completed, was — built in or about 1720, for Mr. Styles, a prominent speculator in the South Sea Company, who was reputed exceedingly wealthy at the time. — The site was somewhat to the north of the present house at Bowden ~ Park. Though this ambitious building scheme came to nothing, an earlier house built by George Johnson in the time of Charles the Second, of whicha view appears in Dingley’s History from Marble, was standing ~ all the time,and it remained, I believe, until the present house was begun. That, however, was not the first recorded house at Bowden. There was an ancient house there, which must have been medieval, when Aubrey visited George Johnson, apparently before he had begun to | build his new house. That ancient house had belonged to Sir Henry Sharington, who appears to have made the park, and afterwards to his daughter, Lady Mildmay. The Johnson family were at Bowden as ~ early as 1623, and probably earlier. In September of that year ‘‘ —— Johnson of Bowden” was “disclaimed” at Salisbury, at the Heralds’ Visitation. This was probably William Johnson. They must, therefore, have occupied the house, at first as tenants, and afterwards as owners. — When Mildmay Fane, second Earl of Westmorland, sold his Wiltshire property, their opportunity came, and in 1662, William Johnson in = conjunction with his son, George, bought Bowden Park. William ~ Johnson was buried at Lacock, 5th March, 1663-4. On the 26th No- vember, 1663, George Johnson, who was a judge in Wales and M.P. for Devizes in 1681, obtained a grant of arms slightly differenced from the arms of Johnston of Annandale, the charge being a bend instead of a saltire. On a chief, there are three woolpacks, or woolsacks. John Gough Nichols, who edited Dingley’s History from Marble for the Camden Society, says of these “the woolsacks are cushions,” but I © think, in the case of the Johnson family of Bowden, the reference to wool was intentional, and after all there may not be much difference between woolsacks and cushions, for to this day the Lord Chancellor takes his seat on the “ woolsack.” 4 George Johnson died in 1683, leaving his estate to his wife, Mary, |) who erected an important moument to his memory which hae long . | disappeared, but the design is known from a sketch made by Dingley | in 1684. This monument must have stood in that added portion of | Lacock Church which adjoins the south transept, to the west, and is now used as a vestry, under which is the old burial vault of the owners of Bowden, against the west wall. The heraldry and architectural accessories of the monument indicate distinctly that George Johnson must have been twice married and that the first wife, who appears to have been a Baynard, left no surviving issue, She may perhaps have been a Baynard of Wanstrow, Co.Somerset, a younger branch of the Baynards of Lackham, and a cousin of George Johnson. Notes. 113 The second wife was Mary, one of the daughters of Jaques, or James, Oyles or Oeiles, of the city of London, merchant, living in 1633, who had married Anne, daughter of William Gore, Esq., Alderman of London. James Oeiles was the son of Peter Oeiles, a Flemish gentle- man, of the city of Brussels. Mary, the widow of George Johnson, was buried at Lacock, 14th March, 1727. The estate is said to have been sold, but in what year is not stated, in consequence of a Chancery suit arising out of a disputed trust. Be that as it may, we find Benjamin Haskin Styles, the ambitious builder, of South Sea notoriety, in pos- session, in 1720. He appears to have been M.P. for Calne, in 1722 (Wilts Notes and Queries, vol. vii., p. 141). He was a son of Joseph Haskin Styles, of London, Esq., by his marriage with Sarah, one of the daughters of Sir John Eyles, Knt. Benjamin Styles’s heir was his nephew, Francis Eyles, son of Sir John Eyles, Bart., by his marriage with Mary, daughter of Joseph Haskin Styles, Esq. She must, there- fore, have been Benjamin Styles’s sister. This Sir John Eyles, who succeeded his father as baronet, was Sub-Governor of the South Sea Company and M.P. for Chippenham. Francis Eyles took the name of Haskin Styles, but is described as Francis Haskin (Eyles) Styles, Esq., in 1741, in accordance with a not uncommon practice. He succeeded his father in the baronetcy, and according to Canon Jackson sold Bowden, in 1751, to Ezekiel Dickinson, Esq., whose son, Barnard Dickinson, built the present house. I think it not improbable that the Eyles family and the Oeiles family may have been really the same. The arms are not the same, though there are some points of slight similarity. The arms borne by James Oeiles, being foreign arms, would hardly be on record at the College of Arms, and in such a case, being that of a Flemish merchant who had settled in London, the probability is that the tirst member of the family to whom it might become an object to have his arms so recorded would find it necessary to obtain a fresh grant of arms. The ancestor, from whom the Eyles family deduced their descent, is described in Strype’s Stow as “ John Eyles, of Wilts, who dealt in wool and kept fairs.” I should like some confirmation of his christian name. He had two sons, of whom the eldest, Sir John Eyles, Knt., was Lord Mayor of London in 1688. It was his daughter, Sarah, who married Joseph Haskin Styles, and another daughter married James Montagu, of Lackham. The younger son was Sir Francis Eyles, created a baronet in 1714. He appears to have been an eminent merchant, a director of the East ' India Company, and Governor of the Bank of England. His eldest son, James, died unmarried. His second son was Sir John Eyles, the Sub-Governor of the South Sea Company. C. H. TaLpot. ©WOL, XXXIX.—NO. CXXIII. I ) 114 “{ WILTS OBITUARY. George Thomas John Sotheron-Estcourt, Baron Estcourt, of Estcourt (Gloucs.), died Jan. 12th, 1915, aged 75. Buried at Shipton Moyne (Gloucs.). Only son of the Rev. Edmund Hiley Bucknall Estcourt, of Eckington (Derbys.) and Estcourt, and Anne Eliz., d. of Sir J ohn Lowther Johnstone, Bart. Born Jan. 24th, 1839, eaeeeied at Harrow and Ball. Coll., Oxon. B.A.,; 1862; M.A., 1868. He assumed the name of Sotheron in place of Bucknall under the will of his uncle in 1876, when he succeeded to the Darrington (Yorks) estate. J.P. and D.L. for Wilts, and J.P. for Gloucestershire, 1865. Joined Wiltshire Yeomanry 1861, becoming later on Lt.-Col. in command. Conservative M.P for N. Wilts, 1874—1885, when he re- tired, but continued an active supporter on the Conservative side in — N.W. Wilts. He was chairman of the bench, and president of the ~ _ Cottage Hospital at Tetbury. He married, 1863, Monica, d. of the Rev. Martin Stapylton, Rector of Barivoraien (Dans who survives him. He leaves no children and the title becomes extinct. For — several years he represented the Tetbury division on the Gloucester- shire County Council, and in past years he was a prominent member of the Beaufort ia He had acted as President of the Wiltshire Society. Raised to peerage as Ist Baron Estcourt in 1903. As a | country gentleman and as a landlord Ld. Estcourt was much esteemed. ~ | The Estcourt estate passes to the Rev. Edmund Walter Estcourt, 2nd ~ cousin of Ld. Estcourt, now Rector of Shipton Moyne, and Vicar of a Swindon, 1901—1910. Obit. notices, Weltshire Gazette, Jan. 14th and 21st, 1915, and Wilts | and Gloucester Standard. Col. Sir Edmund Antrobus, 4th Baronet, of Amesbury | Abbey, died Feb. 11th, 1915, aged 66. Buried at Amienttey: Eldest | son of Sir Edmund, 3rd Baronet, and Marianne Georgina, d. of Sir | George Dashwood. Born Dec. 25th, 1848. Married, 1886, Florence | C. M., d. of J. A. Sartoris, of Hopsford Hall (Warw.), who survives | him. Joined 8rd Gren. Guards, and served in Suakim Expedition | 1885, commanded as Lt.-Col. and retired with rank of Col., 1903. He | succeeded to the title in 1899. He was active in county matters as a magistrate and alderman of the County Council, and a member of its various committees. He was, however, perhaps best known to the | public as the owner of Stonehenge and as the defendant in the famous | lawsuit brought against him to enforce the removal of the wire fence | ’ with which, acting under the advice of the Society of Antiquaries, and our own Society, he had surrounded the monument. The case ended in his favour and Stonehenge happily remains enclosed. The sub- sequent re-erection of the “ Leaning Stone,” and the accompanying excavations were carried out at his expense. Further works of preser- vation were decided on two years ago, but in consequence of a proposal Captain Arthur Edward Harrington Raikes, late of Wilts Obituary. 115 to sell the Amesbury property, have not been carried out. His only son, Lieut. Antrobus, was killed in action in Sept., 1914. He is succeeded in the title by his brother, Cosmo Gordon Antrobus. - Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Feb. 18th, 1915. ‘it. -Col. James Mackay, died Nov. 29th, 1914, aged 67. Buried at Seend. Born Oct. 31st, 1847, s. of Donald Mackay, of Braemore, Caithness. Connected for many years with the Trowbridge Dench: ment of the lst Wilts Rifle Volunteers, of which he became the Com- manding Officer, retiring as Major with honorary rank of Lt.-Col. He was the Commanding Officer of the Trowbridge Detachment of the National Reserve, and a strong supporter of the Boy Scout movement. J.P. for Wilts, 1897. F.S.A., Scot. Married, September 24th, 1877, Ellen Florence, d. of John Broomhall, of Surbiton and Madras, who survives him with one son, Henry Anstruther, and two daughters, Florence and Gladys. He moved from Trowbridge to the Manor House, Seend, some years ago. A Conservative and Churchman, he acted as churchwarden at Seend. Since the death of his brother Alexander in 1895 he had been closely associated with the cloth manu- facturing business of Messrs. Mackay & Palmer, of Trowbridge, in which neighbourhood his loss will be much felt. Obit. notice, Wiltshire Times, Dec. 5th, 1914. Major J. T. Powney, died from an accident at Havre, Dec. 18th, 1914. Buried at Sainte-Marie Cemetery, Havre. Sonof James Powney, of Calne, entered the postal service at Calne Post Office, served at Shrewsbury in the Surveyor’s department, appointed Assistant Surveyor in the Surveyor’s department of the G.P.O. at Croydon. He held the rank of captain in the Royal Engineers (Postal Section), Special Reserve, and on the outbreak of war took command of the Army Base Post Office at Havre. In this very important post his work gave such satisfaction both to the English and French authorities that he was promoted to the rank of Major in October. He leaves a widow and two children. Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Dec. 31st, 1914. Capt. Robert Alexander Colvin, killed in action at Neuve Chapelle, March 12th, 1915. Aged 25. Son of late James Colquhoun Colvin, of Sutton Veny. Adjutant of 2nd Batt., W. Yorks. Regt. Wiltshire Regiment, died March 3rd, 1915,aged 49. Buried at Golder’s Green Cemetery. Born 1867, eldest son of Rev. C. H. Raikes. Educated at Oxford Military College. Officer commanding forces of Sultan of Zanzibar, 1894—1906, and First Minister to the Sultan, 1906—1908. Served in East African Rebellion, 1895—96, and was mentioned in despatches. He was Commandant of the Orders of the Crown of Italy, Franz Joseph of Austria, and Christ of Portugal. He married, 1899, Geraldine, d. of Fitzgerald Hay Arbuthnot, and leaves one son. Obit. notices, Z%mes, March 5th ; Wiltshire Gazette, March 11th, 1915. Ee 116 Wilts Obituary. Captain John Alexander Halliday, 11th Hussars, died of wounds in France, Oct. 31st, 1914, aged 39. Eldest son of John and Maria Halliday, of Chicklade House. Born April 10th, 1875. Educated at Harrow and Trin. Coll., Camb. Joined 11th ~Hussars, 1898 ; Capt., 1905 ; Adjutant to Leicestershire Yeomanry for three years. — Obit. notice, Wrltshire Gazette, Nov. 19th, 1914. Engineer-Commander John Barton Wilshin, lost in H.M.S. Monmouth in action off the coast of Chile, Nov. 1st, 1914, aged 39. Son of John Wilshin, of Devizes. Educated at Lord Weymouth’s Grammar School, Warminster, 1890; Royal Naval Engineering Col- lege, Devonport; and Royal Naval College, Greenwich, 1895. Served on board H.M.S. Hussar, Furious, Argonaut, Kiusha, Flirt, Excellent, Maori, and in 1912 on H.M. cruiser Monmouth. He leaves a widow and children. Obit. notice, Weltshire Gazette, Nov. 19th, 1914. Capt. George Richard Wyld, 2rd Wilts Regt., attached to Ist Berks Regt. Killed in action at La Bassee, Dec. 25th, 1914. Only son of Canon E. G. Wyld, Vicar of Melksham. Born at Woodborough, Educated at Marlborough College. Served in 8. African War with the Queen’s Westminsters, mentioned in despatches, and received the Queen's medal with four clasps. Lieutenant in the Reserve of Officers, He was appointed to the Wilts Regt. in Oct., 1914. Obit. notices, Wiltshire Gazette, Dec. 31st, 1914, Jan. 7th, 1915; Wiltshire Times, Jan. 2nd, 1915; portrait, photo, Wiltshire News, Jan. 22nd, 1915. Captain Sir Edward Hamilton Westrow Hulse, 7th Bart., of Breamore House, Hants, killed in action. Born Aug. 30th, © 1889. Educated at Eton and Balliol Coll, Oxford. Succeeded his father, Sir Edward Henry Hulse, M.P. for Salisbury, in the baronetcy, 1908. Served as Lieut. in Hampshire Yeomanry ; joined Scots Guards | 1912; Lieut. 1913 ; went out with the 1st Batt. at beginning of the war; | transferred later to 2nd Batt.; mentioned for ‘“‘distinguished conduct | in the field” in dispatches published February 17th, 1915 ; promoted Captain February 27th, 1915. Lieut. Oliver John Calley, killed in action in France, March, 1915. Eldest son of Rev. John Henry Calley, Vicar of Figheldean. Born 1892; received commission in Wilts Regt., 1912; Lieut. 1914. Canon Eldon Surtees Bankes, died Feb. 1st, 1915, aged 85. |f Buried in Salisbury Cathedral Cloisters. Born at Gloucester Sept. 27th, |} 1829. §. of Rev. Edward Bankes and Lady Frances Jane Scott, d. of — Lord Chancellor Eldon. Educated at Eton and Univ. Coll., Oxon; B.A. 1852, M.A. 1864. Deacon, 1853; Priest 1854 (Gloucester and Bristol) ; Curate of Stapleton (Gloucs.), 1853—54; Rector of Corfe Wilts Obituary. 117 Castle (Dors.), 1854—99. Rural Dean of Dorchester, Div. 3. 1875—98. Proctor, Dio. of Salisbury, 1891—99. Proctor for Dean and Chapter of Salisbury, 1900. Prebendary and Canon of Salisbury, 1872. Canon Residentiary, 1898. Married Lady Charlotte Elizabeth Scott, d. of 2nd Earl of Eldon. A well-known and greatly-esteemed member of the Cathedral Body, whose connections were naturally more with Dorset than with Wiltshire. He was, however, much identified with the life of Salisbury during the later years of his life, was a Governor of the Bishop’s and of the Godolphin School, and for eleven years Chairman of the Salisbury Museum, which owed much to his support. Obit. notices, Wiltshire Gazette, Feb. 4th ; Salisbury Journal, Feb. 6th ; Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, March, 1915. Rev Thomas Russell Wade, died Oct. 23rd, 1914, aged 75. Buried at Ocklynge Cemetery, Eastbourne. C.M. Coll. Islington, 1860. B.D. by Archbishop of Cant., 1888. Deacon (London) 1862; Priest (Calcutta) 1863. C.M.S. Missionary, Peshawar 1862—72; Lahore 1872— 76; Srinagar, 1876—82; Amritsar 1882—1902; various temporary posts in India 1902—1907. Vicar of Shrewton and Maddington 1908—1913. His most remarkable work was done in Kashmir, between 1878 and 1881, when he organized famine relief on a large scale with great success and gained the lasting regard of both Europeans and Kashmiris. At Amritsar he acted as superintending missionary for twenty-one years, and the greatly enlarged Church was largely his work. He was the author of “Translations of the New Testament and Book of Common Prayer into Kashmiri”; “ Kashmiri Grammar”; “ Proofs of the Resurrection of Jesus, 1902. Obit. notice in Church Missionary Review, quoted in Salisbury Times, Dec. 25th, 1914. Rev, Alan Brodrick, died March 2nd, 1915, aged 88. Buried at Seend. Son of Major Henry Brodrick, 29th (Worcester) Regt. Born in Mauritius, January 23rd, 1827. Educated at Rugby, where he played in the eleven, and Exeter Coll., Oxford. B.A., 1849 ; M.A., 1870, Chichester Theol. Coll. Deacon, 1850; Priest, 1851 (Salisbury). Curate of Bishops Lavington, 1850—51 ; Chideock (Dors.), 1852—53 ; | Vicar of Braydon, 1853—60 ; Vicar of Bramshaw, 1860—71 ; Vicar of Whittlebury with Silverstone (N orthants),1871—73 ; Rector of Huggate | (Yorks), 1873—77 ; Rector of Broughton Gifford, 1877—1910, when he retired to Bournemouth. Married, Sept. 7th, 1852, Ellen Bryan May, | of Bellacombe, S. Devon, by whom he had seven sons and eight daughters, of whom fourteen survive him. During his incumbency the church at Broughton Gifford was restored in 1878 at a cost of £2000, | and the schools enlarged. He was a man of fine presence and some | literary attainments. He was the author of “ Songs of the People,” | with preface by Bishop Wilberforce, of Oxford ; ‘ Forest Poems” ; * Mother of Jesus and other Poems” ; and of articles and verses in what purported to be the Wiltshire dialect, which appeared in the London evening papers. 118 . Wilts Obituary. Obit. , notices, Waltshare ane March 4th and 11th ; Guardian, March 11th, 1915. Rev. Leonard Rameny Henslow, died Feb. 15th, 1914, aged 83. Buried at Zeals. St. John’s Coll, Camb., B.A., 1854; M.A., 1857. Deacon, 1854; Priest, 1855 (Ely). Curate of Hitcher, 1854— 56; Bangor Monachorum, 1856—60 ; Great Chart (Kent), 1860—68 ; Rector of Pulham St. M. Magd., 1863—70; Rector of Zeals, 1870— 1914, when he resigned and retired to Bath, where he died. He was greatly esteemed at Zeals. Obit. notice, Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, March, 1915. William Maxwell Hammick, died Feb. 24th, 1915. Buried in the Cloisters, Salisbury. Born 1848, s. of Rev. Sir Vincent Hammick, Bart., Vicar of Milton Abbott (Dev.). Educated at Blandford Grammar School and Marlborough College. Spent ten years as sheep farmer in New Zealand, and served in the Maori War. After two years in New York he settled in the Close at Salisbury, marrying the daughter of Mr. G. B. Townsend in 1879. From that year he devoted his whole — time to public work of various kinds in the city and county. An | earnest Churchman and member of the Diocesan Synod, J.P. for Wilts, _ Mayor 1885, Chairman of the Infirmary for many years, member of the County Education Committee, a prominent Freemason, and for years secretary of the S. Wilts Unionist Association, “the great gathering at his funeral in the Cathedral was a testimony to the regard in which he ~ was held. by all classes of the community.” ‘“‘ He will be greatly missed | and his place in the public service will be difficult to fill.” He leaves | a son, Capt. Robert Hammick, A.D.C. : Obit. notices, Wiltshire Times, Feb. 27th ; Guardian, March 11th ; Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, April, 1915, Francis Alexander, died Nov. 5th, 1914, aged 60. Buried at Everley. 8S. of Caledon Alexander, he came to live at Everley Manor some years ago. He leaves a widow, four sons, and one daughter. J.P. for Wilts, 1897. A brewer in Tela see, he was widely known asa racing ie. coursing man. Long obit. notice in Sportsman, quoted in Wiltshire Gazette, Nov. 12th, 1914. Thomas Butt Miller, died July 13th, 1915. Buried at Eisey. Born Dec. 2nd, 1859, eldest son of George Miller, of Brentry (Gloucs.), and Mary, d. of Thomas Luce, of Malmesbury. Educated at Eton and Trin. Col., Cambs. J.P. for Wilts and Gloucestershire. Married, 1897, Cecily Laura, d. of Dudley Robert Smith, who, with two sons and a daughter, survives him. He was Master of the Oakley Hounds in Bedfordshire 1885—88, and became Master of the Cricklade portion of — the V.W.H. Hunt in 1888, hunting the pack regularly himself until 1908, | finally giving up the mastership in 1910. He was also interested in racing and coursing and the breeding of Jersey Cattle. He was Wilts Obituary. 119 prominent in all public matters at Cricklade, holding many local offices, but was best known as the Master of the V. W.H. Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Jan. 21st, 1915. Carey Coles, died by a gun accident, March 19th, 1915. Son of John Coles, he had lived and farmed for many years at Winterbourne Stoke, and on the death of Lord Furness he bought the property. He was widely known as one of the chief breeders of Hampshire Down Sheep in England. He was one or the first members of the Hampshire Down Sheepbreeders’ Association, of which he was president in 1908. He was also one of the largest and most influential farmers in South Wilts. He had been Chairman of the S. Wilts Chamber of Commerce, and was on the Council for many years of the Wilts Agricultural Association. On Agricultural Committees of the County Council his knowledge and experience were of much value, as well as on the Amesbury District Council. He was a J.P. for Wilts, and in politics a strong Unionist, Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, March 25th, 1915. ‘Flight Sub-Lieutenant Stephen Medlicott, aged 22. Killed by accident whilst flying in a hydroplane at Southampton on April 26th, 1915. Buried at Haslar. Fourth son of H. E. Medlicott of Sandfield, Potterne. Was Sub-Lieutenant on H.M.S. Active in August, 1914, joined naval wing of Royal Flying Corps and went through course of instruction at Upavon. He joined H.M.S. Ben-my- Chree, sea-plane ship, three days before his death. 'T. Hooper Deacon, died April 21st, 1915, aged 79. Buried at Swindon. Born at Faringdon. LEstablished Horse and Carriage Repository at Swindon in 1868. This developed into one of the best known businesses of the kind in the West of England. He had much to do with the revival of coaching in 1898 and subsequently. He established a pack of harriers, and was afterwards Master of the Savernake Stag Hounds for four years, and then for fourteen years | Secretary to the V.W.H. (Cricklade) Hunt. He joined the Wiltshire Yeomanry in 1870, became Quarter-master of the Swindon Troop, and retired with the rank of Captain. He was Mayor of Swindon | 1908-9, and a member of the District Council. He was well known in hunting and sporting circles. Obit. notice, Waltshere Gazette, April 22nd, 1915. Thomas Ponting, died April 22nd, 1915, aged 73. Buried at Warminster. As a solicitor at Warminster he held many public offices. Was formerly a Captain in the Volunteers. A Conservative and Churchman. Much esteemed for his generous and kindly charities. A prominent Freemason. | Obit. notice, Weltshere Primes, Mey Ist, 1915. 120 RECENT WILTSHIRE BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, ARTICLES, &c. [N.B.—This list does not claim to be in any way exhaustive. The Editor appeals to all authors and publishers of pamphlets, books, or views, in any way connected with the county to send him copies of their works, ~ and to editors of papers, and members of the Society generally, to send ~ him copies of articles, views, or portraits, appearing in the newspapers, } Great Chalfield Manor, the Seat of Mr. Robert Fuller. Two articles by H. Averay Tipping, in Country Life, Aug. ~ 15th and 29th, 1914, pp. 230—237, 294—301. ! This delightful and much-illustrated house has never been so well illustrated before as it is in the series of twenty-one large and excellent photos accompanying this paper, showing the house as it now is, re- ~ stored by Mr. Brakspear and filled with appropriate furniture by Mr. — Fuller. As to the recent restoration the writer says it “has been © carried out in a way for which we must be most thankful.” 4 | The article is an excellent one, tracing the descent of the manor ~ clearly and shortly through the extraordinarily complicated series of law proceedings shown by the deeds in the “ Cartulary,” to Thomas Tropenell, and from him down to the present owner, who acquired 1 from his father, Mr. G. P. Fuller, of Neston, who bought the estate in | 1878. The history of the building itself is also very carefully given, | Thomas Tropenell must have built the house about 1480, he could not | have begun it until after 1467, and he died in 1488. Only the bastions | of the wall inside the moat and a fragment of 14th century work in the | barn seem to remain of the earlier house of the Percys. Walker, | when he made his elaborate plans and drawings of the house in 1837; | mentioned that the owner, Admiral Sir Harry Burrard Neale, had } intrusted him with the work of carrying out the necessary repairs, but | so far from this being done, within the next three years the roof and | outer walls of the Great Chamber had been pulled down, leaving nothing | but its gable wall and oriel standing and the Hall was cut up into two | stories. As to the recent work carried out by Mr. Brakspear the writer | says ‘“‘ Not more than was absolutely necessary was done to the exterior, | but even that, except on the north side, was very considerable. To the | south the Hall itself needed little attention, but on either side it was a matter of positive re-building. This was done to the extent of what | remained roofed in Walker’s day, while a very pleasant formal garden | on varying levels has been laid out on the slightly sloping ground which | had been occupied by Thomas Tropenell’s outbuildings, of which the | newly-revealed foundations have been left outlined in the garden lay-out. | The west side of Tropenell’s Courtyard was still standing. Towards Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, &e. 121 the west the wall is original, and the upstairs room has, next to the fireplace, a charming little bayed out window of the time of Elizabeth. To the east this building had been largely modernized before Walker made his survey, but enough of the old timber was found to exactly reproduce the oak arcading and the oak framing above it. One of the old windows, too, was found in another position, and was not only replaced but served as a model for those which were lost. East of the Hall the rebuilding consisted of a careful re-edification of the Great Chamber and its undercroft.- It was uncertain whether the original staircase to this end of the house lay east or south of the Great Chamber, foundations occurring at both places. No doubt it was of newel form, too small to be held adequate to-day. ‘The rebuilding, therefore, was made to include a sufficient space south of the Great Chamber to accommodate an easy ascent to it, and to the little room over the southern oriel of the Hall. . . . Walker fortunately pub- blished a very carefully measured drawing of the hall screen before its disappearance, and it has therefore been possible to exactly reproduce it. . . . Thelast portion . . . to undergo renovation has been the Church, under the supervision of Mr. C. H. Biddulph-Pinchard. The nave belongs to the days of the Percys, but much renewal was done by Thomas Tropenell. The whole of the west end, including the delightful little stone belfry,belongs to his time, and it has beensuggested that he shortened the original nave, so as to prevent the Church from protruding too far forward and marring the general balance of the new house and its flanking buildings on the forecourt side . . . His chapel he set on the south side of the nave, connecting it with a wide archway, in which he placed a stone screen. Both screen and chapel he made personal to himself. On the central boss of the oak roof (which closely resembles that in the hall) is a shield of arms of Tropenell impaling Ludlow. On the cornice of the screen the large central shield is of Tropenell alone. The other four show, by the impalements, the most 1m- portant marriages of the family, from that of Walter Tropenell with his cousin, Margaret Ludlow, about the year 1456. ‘This stone screen was afterwards moved to the chancel arch, and when in 1763, the floor of the Church was raised 20in., its proportions were spoilt by its being buried to that extent. Moreover a considerable portion of it was masked by the otherwise very agreeable ‘three-decker’ pulpit and reading desk, of which the details, simple as they are, point to the days of the Eyre ownership. The recent replacement of the screen in its proper position was therefore desirable from every point of view. In its stead a new oak screen, in the manner of those which were being so largely introduced in Thomas Tropenell’s time, has been set across the chancel arch. There has been restoration work on the right lines, and Mr. and Mrs. Fuller are to be congratulated on their conduct of this finishing touch to the long and arduous work of giving back to Great Chalfield in the highest possible degree consistent with the conditions in which it lay, the appearance and the quality intended by its original builder.” 122 Ltecent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, &e. The illustrations.comprise two plans, that of Walker of 1837, and © one of the present day by Mr. Brakspear showing the newly- discovers F foundations of the destroyed wing ; and photos of The House across — the Moat, North Front, South Dien New Building on the S. Side, K. End a N. Front, Entry Porch, Great Chamber Oriel, Gatehouse ] from within the Forecourt, Garden House, Church from fhe E. Garden, — Belfry, In the Hall, Hall Fireplace and N. Oriel, N. Front as it ap- peared 1840—1908, Restored N. Front, Entrance Porel Dining Room, ~ Passage behind the Screen, N.W. Bedroom, Undercroft to Great j Chamber, Stairway from passage, In the Great Chamber. | Flint Implements from the Surface near Avebury; — their classification and dates. By the Rev. H. G O. Kendall, F.S.A. Read before the Society of Anti- © quaries Jan. 29th, 1914, al printed in Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd Ser., xxvi., pp. 73—88, with iiirtesn excellent drawings of flints. The anni deals only with Neolithic flints in this paper, and more especially with those , of Windmill Hill, Avebury.. He remarks on the immense number of ~ chipped flints found on this site, comprising numerous arrowheads of a various types, numbers of fabricators, long scrapers, and a multitude BY ot “horseshoe” scrapers. He notes the great resemblance of many of these white flints both in type and style to those of the Aurignac stage ¥ of the Cave Division of the Palzeolithic Age, which was first pointed out | by Mr. Reginald Smith. Rubbed edges and ends are found frequently — on scrapers, flakes, &c., and in some cases very fine edges have been © rubbed. Many graver-like tools resembling the burin of the French caves have occurred. The resemblance of other flints from Windmill | Hill with those of the Solutré period in France is also noted. After | noting that the only (technically) “pygmy” specimens occurred on | Hackpen Hill 875 ft. above O.D., and describing the patination of flints | from the tops of the highest downs, from the hill sides, the foot of the | downs, and the valley bottoms, the author proceeds to divide the later | surface flints of the district into five periods distinguished by their patina and colour, especially the colour of the re-chippings which many | of them show. He would place the flints with thick white patina from | Windmill Hill in the earliest division (1), followed by those with blue- | white patina from the same site (2). Those with light blue patina from the foot-hill sites come next (3); the dark blue (4), and the unchanged black or grey flints (5), from the tops of the downs, forming the two latest periods. As to the broken polished celts which are such a re- | markable feature at Windmill Hill, he says :—“It is evident that the | re-chipped polished celts with white patination are among the oldest of | the surface flints of the neighbourhood. Re-chippings makeit absolutely | certain that the white patina is the oldest. Not only is the polished surface of the broken celts white, but the facets formed on them by re-chipping are white also. If, therefore, any of the surface flints of this neighbourhood are to be assigned to one of the periods of the Cave | Division of the Paleolithic Age, these polished celts must certainly be | | Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, De 123 included. ? pat whilst the author is clear. upon this none alee ie coies to suegest ages for the different patinas he refrains from assigning the oeclhegy mite patina (including the polished celts) to the Neolithic Age in deference to the desire of Mr. Reginald Smith to connect these flints with the French Cave types, “‘ until further light is thrown on the subject.” The flints with the blue-white patina (2) he assigns to the Early Bronze Age; those with light blue patina (3) to the Later Bronze Age; the dark blue (4) to the Late Celtic, the unchanged black or grey (5) to to the Romano-British Age. Heale Sense, Wiltshire, the Seat of the Hon. Louis Greville. Article by Laurence Weaver in Country Life, Feb. 27th, 1915, pp. 272—277, with ten excellent photographs and a small ground- plan, The illustrations are :—‘‘ From the 8.E.,” “S.W. Front,” “ Door- way on S.E. Side,” “‘ Middle of New N. Entrance Front,” “‘ From the S.W.,” “Hall and Lower Stairs,” “Upper part of Staircase,” “ Old Fireplace at E. End of Hall,” “ W. End of Hall,” “ The Nikko Bridge,” “Through the Tea House Window.” The story of the stay here, in hiding, of Ch. IL., after the Battle of Worcester, from October 6—13, 1651, is shortly told, the author pointing out that Mr. A. M. Broadley, who tells the story in The Royal Miracle, is wrong when he says “ The seventeenth century house has now entirely disappeared, although an effort has been made to preserve the “closet” associated by tradition ‘with Charles’s presence at Heale.” On the contrary, though “the house has been diminished in size and greatly altered, the south wing remains intact, the small bay alone being modern. The original position of the closet in which the King was bestowed must be purely conjectural, and there is uo little upper room which looks especially suitable as a hiding place.” “The character of the south wing makes it likely that it was designed about 1640 by someone of the school of Inigo Jones. It is, however, possible that it was built after the Restoration. In that case the King stayed in the earlier house, built, perhaps, by the Erringtons, who owned the Heale property from early in the sixteenth century until Sir Lawrence Hyde acquired it towards the end of Hlizabeth’s reign.” At the time of Charles’s visit it belonged to Robert, second son of Sir Lawrence Hyde, who had inherited it from his elder brother, Lawrence. He had then been evicted from the Recordership of Salisbury. At the Restoration he became Chief Justice in the King’s Bench, and died childless in 1665, the property passing to his brother, Alexander, Bishop of Salisbury. He was succeeded by his son Robert, a nephew Robert, and Mary his sister, who bequeathed it to her daughter’s husband, Dr. Frampton. From him it passed to the Bowles family, and then to Sir Edmund Loder, from whom Mr. Louis Greville bought it in 1894. He employed Mr. Detmar Blow to add largely to the existing south wing, in the same style, the new work to some extent following the line of old foundations. In the old 8. wing the windows had been converted into sashes, but the ends of the transoms remained, and the I The Romance of an elderly Poet. A hitherto un- 9 4 Recent. Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, &e. old mullions and transoms with casements were restored, and a bay window wasthrown out. The panelling and one fireplace that remained — were re-fixed in the new hall. The staircase is an old one but came from elsewhere. Otherwise the interior of the house is new. The formal garden was planned by Mr. Peto. ; known chapter in the life of George Crabbe, revealed by his ten years correspondence with Elizabeth Charter, 1815—1825 By A. M. Broadley and Walter Jerrold. With photogravure frontispiece and 16 illustrations in half tone. London: Stanley Paul & Co., 31, Essex Street, Strand, W.C. 8vo., cloth, pp. including titles, xii. + 809, 10/6 net. The illustra- tions include four good and interesting portraits of Crabbe, “ From a portrait by Miss Sharples in the Bristol Art Gallery,” “ From a paint- ing by William Millington in the possession of Mrs. Mackay, The Grange, Trowbridge,” “ From a sketch taken in 1826,” and “ From a~ pencil drawing in the collection of A. M. Broadley.” ‘There are also portraits from miniatures of Elizabeth Charter, and the Rev. Richard ~ Warner, Rector of Great Chalfield. Trowbridge Church, in 1830, from a print, and the interior also from a print ; Crabbe’s Study in Trow-— bridge Rectory ; his Mulberry Tree in the Rectory Garden; The™ Rectory ; Westcroft House, Trowbridge ; and Wilbury House, Wilts 5” are from photographs. ‘There is also a view from a water colour of a> Trowbridge street in 1814, a photograph of Crabbe’s first letter to) Elizabeth Charter, and a couple of views of Bath. | This book deals with a mass of letters which were unknown to M. | Rene Huchon. ‘It is only since M. Huchon completed his critical | and biographical study of the poet that the correspondence with Miss | Charter has been recovered (and has been added, with portions of the | poet’s pocket diaries, to the accumulation of Crabbeana at the Knapp), | that Miss Charter’s album has been made available, and that other | fresh materials have come to light.” These letters were written by | Crabbe when he was over 60, and a widower, the lady to whom they | were written was Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Charter, of Lynch | field House, Lydeard, near Taunton, born in 1782, and niece of Sir} Charles Warre Malet, of Wilbury House, where she often stayed. A} tribute in verse to her uncle’s memory (he died January, 1815) from} her album is printed in this volume as well as verses by Bowles and | Crabbe. Her own letters to Crabbe are not forthcoming. | The letters themselves are largely concerned with Miss Charter’s feel- ings, and with Crabbe’s feelings for her, but as the majority were! written from Trowbridge, there are of course continual references to Wiltshire people and matters, to the Rev. William Douglas, Canon of | Salisbury, to Thomas Moore, and William Lisle Bowles, to William | Crowe, Rector of Alton Barnes, and Richard Warner, to the Longs of] Rood Ashton, the Malets of Wilbury, the Waldrons of Trowbridge,| fecent Wiltshire Books, Panuphlets, Articles, ke. 125 and the Hoares. ‘here are 49 letters to Miss Charter, and 14 to other people. The poet seems to have been always thinking of remarriage with one or other of the “six female friends, unknown to each other, but all dear, very dear to me,” but he never got beyond thinking of it. sam Darling’s Reminiscences. With 8 illustrations in photogravure and 42 in half tone. Mills & Boon, Limited, 49, Rupert Street, London [1914]. 8vo., linen, pp. xi. + 248. 21/- net. The illustrations include ‘“‘ Front view of Beckhampton House restored by me,” “Galtee More Farm,” ‘‘2 views of Yearling Yard,” “* Wildfowler Cottages,” ‘‘Corner of back yard of Stables,” ‘ Corner view of the Kitchen Garden,” ‘‘ Willonyx Stable Yard and Garage,” *“Beckhampton Village,” “Corner of front yard of Stables,” “2 side views of Beckhampton House,” and “ Willonyx House,” all of them at Beckhampton. There are portraits of Sam Darling (3), Mrs. Sam Darling (2), Old Sam Darling (2), Fred Darling (2), Ernest Darling, Harold Darling, S. H. Darling, Mrs. Richard Marsh (2), Mrs. Stanning (2), Miss Olive Darling (2), Douglas Darling (2). The remaining illustrations are chiefly of horses which have made the Beckhampton stables and their owner famous throughout the racing world, and of cups and trophies won by him. The author was born March 11th, 1852, at Bourton Hill, Moreton in the Marsh, and he came of a racing stock. He migrated to Wiltshire and bought Beckhampton House in 1880, living for a short time at Heddington. In this well-printed and well-illustrated book he givesa plain straightforward account of his own career, of the many notable horses that have passed through his hands, and of the many notable people of the racing and sporting world with whom he has been brought in contact. Mr. Darling has now handed over the management of the training stables to his son Fred, but he continues to reside close by and farms 1200 acres. Incidentally he mentions that Silbury Hill is included in his farm. Long notice, Weltshire Gazette, Oct. 8th ; Times Litt. Suppt., Sept. 10th, 1914. Life of Sir John Lubbock, Lord Avebury, P.C.; For. Sec. R.A.; F.R.S.; German OrderofMerit ... VPLS., FGS, FZ S., FSA. &c.,&c. By Horace G. Hutchinson. Intwo volumes. Macmillan & Co.,, Limited, St. Martin’s Street, London, 1914. linen, 82 x 53. Vol. I., pp. xiv. + 338; Vol. II., pp. x. + 334. 30/- net. Two portraits, “Sir John Lubbock, from a drawing by George Richmond, R.A., 1867,” and “ Lord Avebury, from a picture by Sir Hubert von Herkomer, R.A., 1911,” and views of his residences, High Elms, and Kingsgate Castle, with a folding sketch pedigree 126 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, ke. showing his descent from Robert Lobuk, of North Walsham, Norf., ~~ who died 1493. This is a very interesting life of perhaps the most versatile man of our times. As the Times Literary Supplement of Nov. 26th, 1914 , Says - in its notice of the book. ‘“ Many men have played many aie suc- cessively, but Lubbock played them all at once. He was a banker, — who not only conducted his own business well, but was so high an authority on currency, clearing houses, and the rest that they made him President of the Institute of Bankers, and that the City of London — wished to be represented by him in Parliament; he was a Vice-— Chancellor of the London University and an authority on education ; he was a useful member, and for two years chairman, of the London County Council ; he was a member of the House of Commons for thirty years, and celebrated not for eloquence or party zeal but for his extraordinary skill in passing bills into acts; and in and out of Parliament he was a keen and practical social reformer. On his lighter © side he was something of a mountaineer, and in early life a cricketer. © Then, as everybody knows, he was a man of eminence, not in © one branch of science, but in many—a geologist, a galego ellos st an | archeologist, and above all, our chief English authority on insects. ~ He was a writer of many books, some a little severe, but highly © _ appreciated by his equals, and some immensely popular ; whilst during © all these years when he was the head of a large and distinguished © family, he was a perfect husband, father, brother, friend.” qi In addition to the honours he held in England, he held honours or | ‘was a corresponding member of thirty scientific societies in Europe | - and America. The Minster and Church Life in Warminster. By | the Rev. H. R. Whytehead, M.A., Vicar. Printed at | the “ Journal” Office. | Pamphlet, 74in. X 5in., pp. including title 35, with eight photos of | the “‘ Minster” (the Parish Church), three of the exterior, the Interior, | Lady Aisle, Norman Arch in N. Transept, S. Porch, Organ, the Sioned | Ring of the Vicars, Vicarage, St. Laurence’s Chapel, Christ Church ex- | terior and interior, St. John’s Church exterior and interior, also photo: | of the Vicar and author. i This useful little book contains an accurate account of the different | churches and some of. the other institutions of the place, a list of the | Vicars of Warminster, and an account of the interesting ring left to. | the present Vicar by Miss Annie Bannister, of Warminster, for the use | of succeeding Vicars. The ring, which belonged to the Rev. A. Fane, | is of massive gold engraved with the device of the crucifix and anchor | combined (the cross being the shaft and crossbar of the anchor), of the | time of James I. It is thus proved to be one of the rings given by Dr. | Donne, poet and Dean of St. Paul’s, to his immediate friends. One of | these left by Isaak Walton to Bp. Ken is now at Longleat, another | Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, ke. 127 which belonged to George Herbert said to have been in the possession of the late Rev. W. Ayenot, of Cambridge. Of the Parish Church or “ Minster,” the author writes that there is nothing between the little Norman window (possibly 11th century) in the North Transept and the 14th century work of the tower. Chancel and Transepts were built in the 15th century. The 8. Aisle of the Chancel, called the Lady Aisle, a Chantry Chapel of the Mauduit family, was built by Hen. VII. In 1724 almost the whole building west of the tower was pulled down and a very ugly nave built on the old foundations which in 1886—1889 gave place to the present hand- | some nave designed by Sir Walter Blomfield, the south porch being part of the old work. The organ, built by England, 1792, was the gift of K. Geo. III. and Q. Charlotte to Salisbury Cathedral, and when the present great organ, given by Miss Chafyn Grove, took its place in the Cathedral, it was bought for Warminster Church for £400. | j [he Lavington Manor Estate. [Sale Particulars] ‘An ex- ceptionally attractive residential and agricultural property of the highest order, with its valuable manorial rights, extending to about 2500 acres. Lavington Manor House is one of the ideal country seats of England, recently erected, with every modern convenience, electric _ light, perfect water supply and sanitation, beautifully timbered park of about 175 acres, thirteen valuable farms, comprising: West Park, Manor Farm, Little Cheverell, Littleton House, Hurst, Greenlands, Cheverell Mill, Rooktree, Lime Kiln Farm, Knapp House, and others ; excellent homesteads in first rate repair; numerous accommodation _ holdings; one hundred private residences and cottages and gardens, comprising practically the entire villages of Littleton Panell, Little Cheverell, and Market Lavington. Also valuable manorial rights, vicontiel, quit, and other rentcharges. Rent roll produced £4125 per annum. Messrs. Franklin & Jones will offer the above for sale by public auction on Thursday and Friday, July 23 and 24, 1914, at the Town Hall, Devizes, commencing at one o'clock precisely each day . .°.” Folio, pp. 76. Key plan (from Ordnance), three large folding coloured plans, and fourteen good photos:—Manor House: E. and S. Fronts, Lounge Hall, Drawing Room, Library, Dining Room, Stables and Garage; Keeper’s Cottage, Conygre Lodge, Bouverie Lodge, West Park Farmhouse, Typical Cottage in Village, Littleton House, Knapp Farmhouse. : [The sale was fully reported, with the prices of each lot, in Weltshire | Gazette, July 30th, 1914.] | l | i | Jn a curious Stone Grating recently discovered at | Bradford-on-Avon. An article by W. G. Collins, in The | Antiquary, Feb., 1915, N.S., XI, pp.57—61. In 1913, whilst repairs and alterations were being carried out by Dr. H.C. Tayler at his residence “The Abbey House,” in Church Street, about 50yds. N.E. of the Parish Church, an old stone grating was found buried about 2ft. below the 128 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, dc. floor of a modern stable. This is formed of eleven movable wedge-shaped ~ bars of stone, 10in. long, X 2in. wide, X 43in. deep, which fit into slots © cut in the side of a slab set edgewise, the under side of which is cut into the shape of a four-centred arch, and spans a pit some 20in. deep. — From the fact of the other side of this slab being also slotted it was evident that the grating was originally double. The stone of which ~ both the side slabs and the bars are composed is Pennant grit, which may have come from Corston, three miles west of Bath. The under side of the bars showed signs of fire, and there were ashes in the pit” below it. Mr. H. Brakspear examined the grating and mentioned that ~ at Fountains Abbey, in the corner of the kitchen floor, was a somewhat — similar stone grating, in which, however, the bars were further apart, ~ which was intended to receive all manner of kitchen refuse which might ~ be swept into it. He expressed the opinion that the Bradford grating was intended for a similar purpose. It was probably of Tudor age, © and connected with the “ very fair house of one Horton ariche clothier ” mentioned by Leland 1538—40, of which the oldest part of Dr. Tayler’s ~ house in the only remaining portion. Mr. Collins gives a sketch of the’ grating and arch. Dr. Tayler has reconstructed the grating in a corner 7 of his garden. 4 Wiltshire Notes and Queries, No. 87, Sept., 1914. _ The number begins with a note on and photograph of the Elizabethan © royal arms painted on the plaster filling of the upper part of the chancel © arch in Little Somerford Church. Notes on the Descendants of Edward 7 Combe, of Bridsor, in Tisbury, by Baroness Von Roemer, are continued, || asalso Ancient Wiltshire Deeds in possession of Mr. F. A. Page-Turner. | This last comprises deeds connected with lands of Henry Baynard at” Hilmarton, of Thomas Ivy and. Richard Gore at Alderton, of Nicholas} Hamblen and Richard Perman at Hullavington. Records of Marden, | A Calendar of Feet of Fines for Wiltshire, and Notes on Compton | Comberwell are continued. A dispute as to the tithe of Maudit’s Park | (now corrupted into “ Marridge Park”), Little Somerford, is noted at | some length. Mr. C. H. Talbot has a note maintaining that Aubrey | was right in spelling the Daniell Manor at Melksham “ Bineger” (or as | the Wilts Visitation of 1623 gives it.“ Bonager ”) and that the modern | ‘“ Beanacre ” ought really to be “ Benacre.” Wiltshire Notes & Queries. No. 88. Dec, 1914. | Wiltshire Nonconformists, 1662 ; Records of Marden ; Marriage Bonds + of the Peculiar Court of the Dean and Chapter of Sarum; Wiltshire | Wills proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury ; a Calendar | of Feet of Fines for Wiltshire; are continued from previous numbers. The editor has an interesting paper on “Robert Stiles, Merchant, of | Amsterdam,” with a photo of the entrance to the almshouses founded | by him in Wantage, where he was born. Kobert Stiles died 1680, | leaving £150,000. His will, dated 1645, is printed here, together with | the complaint of John Evans, s. of Arthur Evans, that this will did not | Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, de. 129 represent the later intentions of the testator, and the answer of Joseph Haskins Stiles to whom the administration of the will had been granted. The latter married Sarah, d. of Sir John Eyles, Lord Mayor in 1668, and left two sons, Benjamin and Joseph. Benjamin Haskins Stiles was M.P. for Calne, 1722, bought the Ecclesiastical Manor in 1719 from Joshua Sheppard, owned Corsham Manor, and resided at Bowden Park, leaving the whole of his property to his nephew, Francis Kyles, who was required to take the name of Haskins Eyles Stiles. This Sir Francis Haskins Eyles Stiles sold Corsham to Paul Methuen in 1746, Bowden to Gabriel Dickenson in 1751, and Calne Manor in 1746. His only son, Sir John Haskins Eyles Stiles, died un- married in 1768. A. St. J. Story Maskelyne has “ Memoranda relating to the Ancient Wiltshire Family of Flower,” including a long petition for justice from John Flower the younger, clothier, of Potterne in 1536 printed in full, with a pedigree of Flower of Worton, &c. A note by F. Were on the heraldry on the screen at the east end of Malmesbury Abbey Church, deals with the badges and arms thereon, maintaining that the Royal Arms are those of Hen. VIII. and not of Hen. VII. An indenture of 36 Hen. VIII. between the Dean and Chapter of Bristol and William Webbe, of Bradford, relating to the parsonage and tithes of Bradford is printed by E. T. Morgan. ‘Salisbury. Hall of John Hall. Under the title “A Gothic | Refectory of the Fifteenth Century, ” an article in the Connoisseur, Aug., 1914, pp. 227—232, by M. F. Sparks, gives some notes on the existing building and its history, with photos of John Halle (from the glass) ; section of window showing arms of John Halle and merchant’s mark; The Hall of John Halle, from an old print ; The Fireplace ; Door and Doorway ; and Minstrel Gallery. The illustrations are the best part of the article. | |The Wilton Library Sale. The famous Pembroke Library, most of which was acquired by YVhomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke, 1656 —1733, sold by Messrs. Sotheby on June 25th and 26th, 1914, realised £38,936 for 211 lots, the largest amount ever made in a two days’ book sale in Wellington Street. Of the Block books, the Nurn- berg Apocalypse, cir 1460, fetched £2120; the Ars Morzend2, incom- plete, £500; the Biblia Pauperun £780 ; the Latin and Dutch editions of the Speculum Humanae Salvateonis, £900 and £1200. Of Early English books there were eight Caxtons: the Ist edition of The Game and Playe of the Chesse, £1800 ; 2nd edition, £300°; original edition of Earl of Worcester’s translation of Tullius de Amicitia, £1050 ; Dictes and Notable Wyse sayings of the Philosophers, 3rd edition, £1050 ; Godfrey de Bouillon, £255 ; Ralph Higden, Polychronicon (imperfect), £970; Recuyell of the Historyes of Troy (imperfect), £500; John Mirk’s Festivall, £320. Dame Juliana Berners’ Book of St. Albans, £1800. One volume containing the two first books printed at Oxford, Hieronymous: Expositio in Symbolum Apostolorum and Aristoteles : VOL. XXXIX.—NO. CXXIII, K 130 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, de. Ethica, £760 ; the Rationale Divinorum Offictorum, £1950; Crcero : De Oratore, 1465, £1000 ; Ist edition of La Divina Commedia, £990 ; Lactantius, 1465, £810 ; Macrobius, 1st edition, £1600. Sale noted at some length in Connotsseur, Aug., 1914, p. 270—272. Nythe Farm, Stratton St. Margaret, Roman pottery, &c. A short note by E. H. Binney in Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., xxvi., 209, records the fact that in April, 1914, he found in a field about 200 yards N. of the spot marked on the Ordnance Map as the site of Nidum, along the side of the Ermine Street, in a number of post holes recently dug, black earth and a large quantity of fragments of pottery, mostly grey and black ware, with a fair number of pieces of Samian, a number of iron nails, an iron spiked implement with a socket, two fragments of glass, one of them a piece of a flat-sided vessel, and a bronze coin not decipherable. The black earth seemed to extend for about 50yds. and was about 3ft. deep at the deepest point. William Clerk, Esq., (apparently of Wulfhall), chief surveyor of the Victuals at Cambray, in the French War, 1557, is the subject of a note in Wiltshire Times, February 27th, 1915, in which also is printed a note on an Inquest held 5 Hen. VIII., on an assault committed | by the Prior of Maiden Bradley and others on John Ludlow, Esq., at Hill Deverill, in his wood and common, of Ballswood and Ballsheath. Crabbe and the Villager. By G. Lacey May. Art. in The Commonwealth, Feb., 1915, vol. xx., No. 230, pp. 48—50. ‘“ Few men before Crabbe or since, have known the village or the villager so in- timately as he; and no one has written so intimately as he of the sorrows and joys of the country poor.” The care of our Ancient Churches. The issue of Faculties for Alterations, &c. The speeches of Mr. Allan Cyprian Webb, Chancellor of the Diocese, and Archdeacon E. J. Bodington at the Salisbury Synod are reported in Wiltshire Gazette, | April 29th, 1915. Malmesbury and Lacock. Excursions of the Dorset Field Club to, on 14th and 15th August, 1913, E. Doran Webb acting as guide. Notes on the excursions in Proc. Dorset Nat. Hist. & Antiquarian Field Club. Vol. xxxv., pp. xxxv.—xxxviii. Paleolithic Periods at Knowle Farm Pit, The Rev. H. G. O. Kendall read a paper before the Society of Antiquaries on May 11th, 1911, which is printed in their Proceedings, 2nd ser., xxiii., 453—460, with the resulting discussion pp. 461—463. Mr. Kendall divides the Knowle implements, of which he says about 2000 have | passed through his own hands alone, into five or six groups, which he believes denote the work of successive periods corresponding with the | 4 i Recent Wiltshire Books, Pumphlets, Articles, kc. 131 periods into which Prof. Commont and the French archeologists divide the flints of St. Acheul and the Somme valley. Healso dwells on the origin of the striz and the gloss which appears on so many of the flints at Knowle. He attributes the stria to ice moving over the face of the gravel and pressing grains of quartz sand on the flint, and is inclined to suggest that the same agency working with very fine sand and iron is responsible for the gloss which others had attributed to blown sand. Windmill Hill, Avebury. Flints. In a note in Man, Aug, 1914, p. 184—5, Mr. A. D. Passmore has a note on the “ Rarity of large Flint Implements in Gloucestershire.” This has been remarked by Canon Greenwell in British Barrows, p. 443. It is a district in which flint is not naturally produced, it must therefore have been imported from Wiltshire, and so would be scarce and valuable. Mr. Passmore suggests therefore, that when a large celt was broken the pieces were not thrown away, but were flaked up and re-made into arrowheads and scrapers. He goes on to suggest that the occurrence of so many flakes and fragments evidently struck off polished celts at Windmill Hill, near Avebury, is to be accounted for by the preference of the makers of arrowheads, &c., for pieces of flint which had already been chosen for celts because of their freedom from flaws. Little Langford. The story of the robbery from the house of Thomas Gyfford, Rector of Little Langford, on Feb. 18th, 2 Rich. IIL. by Richard Bays of Little Langford, and of the considerable amount of gold and silver jewellery and plate stolen therefrom, is given in Wiltshire Times, Jan. 23rd, 1915. Inthe same paper is printed a muster of the Pikeners, Bilmen, Archers, and Harquebusiers in the different divisions of Wiltshire in 1560, and the will of Thomas Cooke of Donhead St. Andrew, dated July 1, 1649. | Devizes St. Mary’s. Proposal to re-cast the Bells. The proceedings at the Chancellor’s Court at Devizes to hear an application from the Rector and Churchwardens for a faculty to authorise the re-casting of the present six bells into a new peal of eight bells, are fully reported in the Wiltshire Gazette, July 23rd, 1914. Mrs. Llewellyn presented the case for the Churchwardens, Mr. Brownlee West, Hon. Sec. to the Diocesan Guild of Ringers, and the Rey. H. E. Tilney Bassett, Master of the Guild, also spoke in favour of the application. The Rev. C. V. Goddard presented the case of the Wilts Archeological Society in opposition to the application, and Mr. G. 5. A. Waylen supported him. The case was adjourned in order to obtain the evidence of a disinterested expert. Eventually the Chancellor granted the application. | Ogbourne St. Andrew Church. Report of the opening of the Church after the work of restoration by Mr. C. E. Ponting, F.S.A., the K 2 132 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, ce. principal items of which are described, and with Mr. Ponting’s descrip- tion of the building as given in W.A.M., xxviil., are printed in Wiltshire Gazette, Dec. 31st, 1914. Chartists at Trowbridge and Westbury in 1839. An interesting letter from a girl of 14 to her brother describing the meetings of the Chartists and the arrest of their leaders is printed in Wiltshire Times, Jan. 9th, 1915. Stonehenge. By William Burrough Hill, F.S.I. An article in ‘ J/y Garden, Illustrated,” Dec., 1914, pp. 861—863, with four illustrations. “A Peep into the Sanctum Sanctorum, W. Stukeley”; “ After J. W. Turner, R.A.”; ‘ Present Day” ; and ‘Garden Miniature.” This is more or lessa repetition of the pamphlet already noticed in W.A.M., xxxviil., 524, but is here accompanied by a page of ecstatic advertisement. “ Rock gardens, bog gardens, formal or any other kind of gardens may be, and are, very beautiful as such—terraces, rockeries, winding paths, pedestals, and even statuary have their uses—bué the charm of ancient history, coupled with the mysteries of the Dark Ages long before the Christian Era, can alone be found in mystic surroundings of a Model or Replica of ‘Stonehenge.’ What could be more beautiful, majestic, entrancing, and educational, than a full-size replica ona lawn of a garden of a few acres ?” Model A. 4 full size, may be obtained for 50 gns.; Model B, half full-size for 250 gens. ; and Model C, full-size for 500 gns. ‘‘ All prices including crating, packing, and plan for fixing” ~ at 98, above Bar, Southampton. Devizes Castle. [Sale Particulars]. “Messrs. Knight, Frank, & Rutty will offer the above for Sale by Auction, at the Estate Room, 20, Hanover Square, London, W., on the 25th day of June, 1914, at 2.30 o’clock.” Large 4to, pp. 17, with etching of entrance gateway, and good “noes of exterior of Castle (2); Norman Gateway, Bishop’s Gateway, Ladies’ Gateway, Oratory Window, Gallery, Drawing Room, Gardens, and folding coloured map. Whitley House, near Melksham. Particulars of Sale. 60 acres | at the King’s Arms Hotel, Melksham, on 27th May, 1913, by | Messrs. Foley, Son, & Mundy. 4to., pp. 10, with folding coloured plan and three photos, the Front and Back of the House, and the Garden. | Snelgare and Mompesson. A note in Wiltshire Times, Dec. | 26th, 1914, records a petition temp. Hen. VIIL, from ten members of | the family of Snelgare, of Bathampton (in Wylye), Corton, Fisherton | Delamere, and Chilmark, against John Mompesson, who claimed them | as his villeins and had seized their persons and their goods. “A Famous Forest, the Beauties of Savernake.” | A long article on the forest, filling several columns in Wiltshire Times, | Dec. 26th, 1914. Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, ke, 133 Wiltshire Soldiers in the Reign of Elizabeth. A list of men impressed in Wiltshire for service in Ireland is printed in Wiltshire Times, Feb. 13th, 1915. The Crabbe Centenial Celebration at Trowbridge, on June 17th, 1914, with the long address on the poet’s life and works by A. M. Broadley and an abstract of the sermon by the Dean of Salisbury in the Parish Church are very fully reported in the Wiltshire Times, June 20th (with cuts of the Church and the Crabbe monument in the chancel, and a photo of the portrait by Pickersgill in the National Portrait Gallery), and in the Wiltshire Gazette, June 18th 1914, ) The “ Associated Householders ” or ‘Devizes Loyal Volunteers ” of 1798—1801, are the subject of an article by Mr. Mr. H. Robinson in Wiltshire Gazette, April 8th, 1915. The Devizes Town Crier, some jottings about his costume, and predecessors, an interesting article by Ed. Kite in Wiltshire Gazette, April29th, 1915. The Town Crier of Devizes shares with the criers of two or three other places in England, York among them, the distinction of being clad in scarlet, and his livery was described at the Brit. Arch. Association meeting in 1880 at Devizes as that of “‘a Verderer of the Royal Forests.” Mr. Kite, however, regards this as an error, and goes to the Bye Laws of the time of Q. Eliz. for a better explanation of the royal livery. The Town Crier was then also “the Cryer of the Royal Court” held weekly in the Guildhall of that time, when the Manor and Borough were in the hands of the Crown. This Mr. Kite regards as the origin of the official scarlet dress and the cap, “ wrongly described as that of a Royal Huntsman—which is really the Cap of Maintenance, but without the projections at the back as usually drawn in heraldry.” His official title now is “Town Crier and Ale Taster.” The Bellman was a separate official. “The Call to Arms in Whiteparish, Wilts, 1914. A sermon preached at All Saints’ Church, Whiteparish, by the Rev. C. F. Metcalfe, M.A., Vicar, August 30th, 1914. Poems by Rudyard Kipling, Esq., the late Lord Tennyson, and Bret Harte. List of White- parish men serving in His Majesty’s forces. Sold on behalf of the funds of the Red Cross Society. Price fourpence.” Pamphlet, 84in. x 54in., pp. 16. Six plates containing photos of 24 Whiteparish men in the Navy or Army. It was compiled by Mr. W. IF. Lawrence, of Cowesfield House. 134 ADDITIONS TO MUSEUM AND LIBRARY. Museum. Presented by Rev. H. G. O. Kenpatut, F.S.A.: Pipe marked T.H., from Winterbourne Monkton. 3 » Mr. H. E. Mepuicotr: Nine small pipes found at Potterne. » Rev. E. H. Gopparp: Grapta C-album, caught at Clyffe Pypard, 1914. * » REV. O. M. Hotpen: Fragments of the pots in which the hoard of Roman coins found at Grovely were contained. Library. Presented by Mr. J. E. Pricwarp, F.S.A.: “ Hall’s Pocket Map of Wiltshire,” 1882. . Mr. anp Miss DartNneLut: Cuttings and Illustrations ; Salisbury Directory, two years. ~~ ~ wy wy - » Mr. F. W. Lona: “Pitman Centenary 1913 Program of Celebrations at London and Bath.” ms » Lorp AveEBuRY: “Life of Sir John Lubbock, Lord Avebury,” two vols. 1914. * ,» CHE AuTHOR(E. F. Pyge-SmirxH): “Agricultural Developement through Social order,” 1914. A » Mr. J. J. Snape: Wilts Articles and Illustrations. % , Mr. H. E. Mepuicotr: “ Wiltshire Gazette,” “Salisbury Diocesan Gazette,” “ North Wilts Church Magazine,” all complete for 1914; eight Sale Particulars of Wiltshire Estates. +5 » Mr. W. F. Lawrence: “The Call to Arms in Whiteparish, Wilts, 1914”—pamphlet with portraits of the men serving. y , THE AutHor (Rev. H. R. Wayteneap): “The Minster and Church Life in Warminster.” x , THE AutHor (Rev. H. G. O. Kenpatyt): “Flint Imple- ments from the Surface near Avebury,” reprint from Proc. Soc. Ant., XXv1. F. , Mr. G. Fipter: Drawing of Roman Bronze enamelled Brooch from Stockton Woods, in possession of Miss Fidler, of Teffont. A , Cue AutHor (C. E. Pontine); “The Church of St. John the Evangelist, Milborne Port,” 1914. % , Miss BAKER: Drawing of Old Lympley Stoke Church. Mf » Mr. EMMANUEL GREEN, F.S.A.: Several Prints, Documents, &e. A » Mr. F. A. Pack Turner: Several XIV. Century Deeds connected with Alderton. Ki » Rev. C. V. Gopparp: Salisbury Journal for 1914 ; Cuttings and Scraps. ,, THE PROPRIETORS: Wealtshire Times for 1914. 135 P 6T TL6F b 61 TL6F re 0 (eae oe UOISSIMMUIOD pus Arepegs, Arejoroagyerouvurq =“ 9 “cee a me eouereq ‘* L &I 69 VAG) SL o is a ol6L 8 GL 9 ‘ON ‘10IBAA ‘OOD ‘SB UI poMO1I0g YGF Jo yuouAvdaar apagAy (3 FAR Ope 22? “qUepuayy -0} JUSTU[BJsUI puodes Suleq ‘pun ZG Og qjuoMAeSael OG, UInesny, Wo1y z9jsuvay, ‘* 0 SIT : qsorejuy yueg * 02-0). 025: pun, souvu fe Q ‘dH ‘SOUIZBSBTT JO O[BVG IOJ poAtooor SBD OF, “jue, vnesnyy Aq 8. SQ, == qUN000% UO pepunje.z sseryT Il 71 2 pun, diyszoqure yy ZG gg °° ‘0H ‘Jooy oF saledory Ojl'JT WoIy Jsjsuvizy, —:sesuodxq uinesnyy ‘ 0-6. Lut OF 0-n0 ee O ST 96 “IIT MA“TAIed Woq10 9 ZIG GI6r * ss G og souonisinbuy sit“ Oh hh SI6r ‘ ial me 19 799 = "GGT “ON 9 G O91 YFI6T * m vOE 1 i ih "TST “ON Okt CI6. “ G 8 Bhat = ** OGT ON 9 OT OI6T 10} wordisosqng T —: SOUIZVSV] 104 9 CLS i seo,y oouvaqug TT ‘on ‘SUIARISUG ‘suULIg Fi) = —: ‘zi ‘reo 0y} sulanp (OR OE eR Axouoreig pue suyuig ‘ SIequIey, WO, poeAteder CePle G6 ""* soesuodxa snooury suoI}dIaosqng [enuuy pue “JOST, pus ‘osviieg ‘edeisog Ssooq souvlUy ‘YsBeQ OF, 4STE 99°q Suipnpour ‘syueuded Arpuns ‘yseg AG 4sTE ‘09q ‘OLdIHOWY ‘SLINANGSUNASTA ¥€ 6 SG ~“FuNOdde Sv] THOIZ yYSNoIq ooUBTeg OF, 4ST “UCL gees ‘VI6I OES GF ‘bI6I “ap ‘“ENQNODNVY TVAANAD “aq ‘oAIsnjour skep yy0q ‘PTET ‘Aoquieoeq ysTg 0} Arenuve ys] UtOIZ AJoID0G oY} Jo sjueMMESINgsICT pus sydleoeyy Jo yUNDDIY eSB pRehO Hous WASTER RAN NV ATVOIDO TO HOV AeTAS.L TAN 136 G 61 &I 9 8I IP "a9 moons moO PON G T OT 0 0 O04 ro) ASied | 0 6 6 — uinesny] 07 Sitedey 2 suorjippy i Preston, W. R., Seend Park, Melk-) sham | Prower, Miss, Sissels, Purton, — Wilts i | Public Record Office, Chancery Lane, London, per Messrs; Wyman & Sons, Ltd, Fetter Lane, E.C. eI Pye-Smith, E.F., The Close, Salis! bury : List of Members. Radcliffe, F. R. Y., K.C., The Rise, Headington Hill, Oxford co E. A., Newlands, Salis- bur Feder, Rev. J. Lemon, Ashley ery: Tetbury, Gloucester- shir ee Heil Bihelbert St. John Street, Devizes Richardson, A. P., Purton House, Purton, Wilts Richardson, Rev. A. T., Bradford- on-Avon Robbins, Rev. M., Holy Trinity Vicarage, West End, Chobham Roemer, Baron C. H. von, Lime Park, Hurstmonceux, Sussex Ross, Rev. Canon A. CG. Gordon, St. Mark’s Vicarage, Swindon Ruddle, Rev. A. G., Hast End Manor, Durrington, Salisbury Rudman, Robert K. D., Chippen- ham Rumboll, C. F., M.D., Lowbourne House, Melksham Sadler, John, 10, Woodville Road, Ealing, London, Sainsbury, H., Greystone House, Devizes Sainsbury, Mrs. Herbert, Grey- stone House, Devizes Salisbury Public Library, Endless Street, Salisbury Salisbury, The Very Rev. The aa of, Ihe Deanery, Salis- ur | Pearth. Leveson, Turleigh Mill, Bradford-on-Avon Schomberg, Arthur, Seend, Melk- sham Schomberg, E. C., Seend, Melk- sham Scott, H. Dudley, Erchfont Manor, Devizes Selman, Jacob, Kington Langley, Chipp enham _ Sewell, Rev. Arthur, Sutton Veny Rectory, Warminster Shuttleworth, Rev. W. Starkie, 5, De Vaux Place, Salisbury Sibbald, J. G. E., ‘Mount Pleasant, Norton-St.- -Philip, Bath 145 Simpson, A. B., Upper Lodge, Fernhurst, Haslemere, Surrey Simpson, Cecil, Cliftonville, the Common, Sutton, Surrey Simpson,G., Market Place, Devizes Sladen, Rev. C. A., Alton Berners, Pewsey, Wilts Slow, Edward, Wilton, Salisbury Soames, Rev. Gordon, Mildenhall Rectory, Marlborough Snailum, W. W., Wingfield Road, Trowbridge Spicer, Capt. John E. P., Spye Park, Chippenham Stancomb, W., Blount’s Potterne, Wilts Steele, Major, R.A.M.C., Southgate Lodge, Devizes Stephens, H.-C., Cholderton, Salis- bury Stephens, Rev. Canon J. F. D., The Vicarage, Highworth, Swindon Steward, Rev. Canon, Boyton Rectory, Codford, Wilts Stewart, Rev. Gerald W., 3, Market Hill, Calne. Stone, 1B. EL , The Retreat, Potterne Road, Devizes Stone, Robert S., 2, Ryder Street, St. James, S W. Stone, W. J. E. Warry, 72, Elm Park Gardens, London, S.W. Stote, Rev. A. W., Holy Trinity Vicarage, Trowbridge Stothert, P. K., Woolley Grange, Bradford-on-Avon Stothert, Mrs., Woolley Grange, Bradford-on-Avon Straton, C. R., West Lodge, Wilton Salisbury Stratton, Alfred, Melksham Stratton, William, Kingston Dev- erill, Bath Sturton, Rev. J. A., Market Lav- ington Vicarage, Devizes Court, Swanborough, F. T., Oakwood, Melksham Symonds, Rev. W., 10, Angel Hill, Bury St. Edmunds Sykes, Rev. W. 8., 70, Westwood Road, Southampton Talbot, C. H., Lacock Abbey,Chip- penham 146 Inst of Members. Tatum, Edward J., Solicitor, Salis- bury Tayler, Mrs. M. C., The Abbey House, Bradford-on-Avon Taylor, A., Ivy Lodge, Ashton St., Trow bridge Taylor, V. T., Steinbrook House, Kington Langley, Chippenham Thornton,James,Conkwell Grange, nr. Bath Thornely, Thomas Heath, The Elms, Nursteed, Devizes Thursby, Mrs. George, Boveridge Park, Salisbury Thynne, Rev. Canon, Seend, Melk- sham Toone, E. F., Capital & Counties Bank, Devizes Usher, T. C., Sunny Croft, Trow- bridge Vaughan, Matthew, Sunnylands, Milton, Pewsey Wade, Miss, Portland House, Manor Road, Salisbury Wakeman, Herbert J., Warminster Walsh, Arthur HH; ‘The Manor House, Purton, Wilts Wallis, The Right Rev. Bishop, “ Ranul,” Devizes Ward, Col. M. F., Upton Park, Slough Ward, a ES, Red Lodge, Purton, Wilts Warre, Rev. Canon F., Vicarage, Bemerton, Salisbury Warrender, Miss, Stoke House, Purton, Wilts Warrington, The Hon. Mr. Justice, Clyffe Hall, Market Lavington, Devizes Watson, Dr. J. N., Wootton Bas- sett Watson-Taylor, John, Ce Club, Pall Mall East, S.W Watson- Taylor,G. ) ExlestokePanky Devizes Waylen, G. 8. A., Devizes Waylen R. F., ‘c/o Mr. W. F, Trumper, Devizes Weallens, Rev. R. S., Berwick Bassett Vicarage, Swindon Webb, W. A., 40, Bradley Gardens, West Ealing | Weight, Rev. Canon T. J.,Christian | Malford Rectory, Chippenham White, G. A. H., The Hawthorns, Chippenham. Whitney, E., Meadow Bank, Melk- sham Wilks, Miss M. A. E., The Retreat, Wilton Road, Salisbury Wills, John H., Potticks House, | Frankleigh, Bradford-on-Avon ~ Wills, E. 8., Ramsbury Manor, Hungerford Wilson, Alfred J., 2, Esplanade Bridlington, Yorks Wilson, Vice-Admiral W., Clyffe Manor, Swindon | Withington, Lothrop, 30, Little. | Russell Street, W.C. Wood, J. Crewe, The Bungalow, | Swindon | Woods, J. C., Capital and Counties | Bank, ‘Trowbridge Woodward, C. H., Exchange Buil- | dings, Station Road, Devizes | Wrangham, Rev. F. Long Newnton | Rectory, Tetbury, Gloucs. Wyld, Rev. Canon Edwin G,, Vicarage, Melksham Wyld, Rev. C. N., 68, St. Anw | Street, Salisbury Yale University Library, New |! Haven, Conn. U.S.A., per | Messrs. E. G. Allen & Son, | Ltd., 12 and 14, Grape Street, | Shaftesbury Avenue, London, | Young, E. H., Lockendee Marl- | borough | | Printed and Published by C. H. Woodward, Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes. es a ee | SS q°}k}t _— THE SOCIETY’S PUBLICATIONS (Continued). STONEHENGE AND ITS BARROWS, by W. Long, Nos. 46-47 of the Magazine in separate wrapper, 7s. 6d. This still remains the best and most reliable account of Stonehenge and its Earthworks. WILTSHIRE—The TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS OF JOHN AUBREY, F.R.S., A.D. 1659-1670. Corrected and enlarged by the Rev. Canon J. E. Jackson, M.A., F.S.A. 4to, Cloth, pp. 491, with 46 plates. Price £2 10s. WILTSHIRE INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM. CHARLES I. 8vo, pp. vii. + 501. 1901. With full index. In 8 parts, as issued. Price 13s. DITTO. IN THE REIGNS OF HEN. IIL, ED. I., and ED. II. 8vo, pp. xv., 505. In parts as issued. Price 13s. DITTO. FROM THE REIGN OF ED. III. 8vo., pp. 402. In six parts as issued. Price 13s. A BIBLIOGRAPHY of tHe GREAT STONE MONUMENTS or WILTSHIRE, STONEHENGE ann AVEBURY, with other references, by W. Jerome Harrison, I'.G.S., pp. 169, with 4 illustrations. No.89,Dec., 1901, of the Magazine. Price 5s. 6d. Contains particulars as to 947 books, papers, &c., by 732 authors, THE TROPENELL CARTULARY. Animportant work in 2 vols., 8vo, pp. 927, containing a great number of deeds connected with property in many Wiltshire Parishes of the 14th and 15th centuries. Only 150 copies were printed, of which a few are left. Price to members, £1 10s., and to non- members, £2. WILTSHIRE BIRDS. Mz.G. B. Hony, 4, Beaufort Road, Clifton, Bristol, will be greatly obliged if members would kindly send him notice of the occurrence of any rare birds or of their nesting within the borders of the County. BOOKBINDING. Books carefully Bound to pattern. This department now greatly enlarged. Wilts Archeological Magazine bound to match previous volumes. We have several back numbers to make up sets. C. H. WOODWARD, Printer and Publisher, Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes. THE North Wilts Museum and LIBRARY AT DEVIZES. — 4 ee —— TS oe ee Dee ee eT Oe In answer to the appeal made in 1905, annual subscriptions -varying from £2 to 5s., to the amount of about £37 a year for this — purpose have been given by about eighty Members of the Society and the fund thus set on foot has enabled the Committee already to add much to the efficiency of the Library and Museum. It is very desirable that this fund should be raised to at least — £50 a year, in order that the General Fund of the Society may — be released to a large extent from the cost of the Museum, and . set free for the other purposes of the Society. Subscriptions of 5s. a year, or upwards, are asked for, and q should be sent either to Mr. D. OwEn, Bank Chambers, Devizes, — or Rev. E. H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon. > The Committee appeal to Members of the Society and otha to secure any | a Objects of Antiquity, AND Specimens of unusual Birds, q Butterflies, or Moths, found in the County of Wilts and to forward them to the © Hon Curator, Mr. B. H. Cunnineton, Devizes ; [ Whilst Old Deeds, Modern Pamphlets, Articles, Portraits, Illustrations from recent Magazines or Papers bearing in any way on the County, — and Sale Particulars of Wiltshire Properties, will be most gratefully received for the Library by the Ray. _ H. H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon, Hon. Librarian. N.B.—No. CXXIII. for June, 1915, was the last Magazine issued. No December number for 1915 was issued. f No. oxxn(Z JUNE, 1916. On SOO | |b WILTSHIRE Alrehewalagiral and Satural Bratory MAGAZINE, Published under the Mtrectton OF THE SOoOlmryY FORMED IN THAT COUNTY, A.D. 186538. EDITED BY REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon. DEVIZKS : PRINTED AND SOLD FOR THE Society By C.. H. Woopwanrp, EXcHANGE BUILDINGS, STATION Roap. Price 5s. 6d. Members, Gratis. NOTICE TO MEMBERS. TAKE NOTICE, that a copious Index for the preceding eight volumes of the Magazine will be found at the end of Vols. Vili, XVL, xxlv., and xxxli. The subsequent Volumes are each indexed separately. Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society for the current year, are requested to remit the same forthwith to the Financial Secretary, Mr. Davip Owen, Bank Chambers, Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply of Magazines should be addressed. The Annual Subscription to the Society is 10/6, with an entrance fee of 10/6. The Composition for Life Membership is £10 10s. The Numbers of this Afagazine will be delivered gratis, as issued, to Members who are not in arrear of their Annual Subserip- tions, but in accordance with Byelaw No. 8 “The Financial Secictary shall give notice to Members in arrear, and the Society’s publications will not be forwarded to Members whose Subseriptions shall remain unpaid after such notice.” All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre- tary: the Rev. Ik. H. Gopbarp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon. THE SOCIETY’S PUBLICATIONS. To be obtained of Mr. D. OWEN, Bank Chambers, Devizes. TIK BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A, One Volume, Atlas 4to, 248 pp., 17 large Maps, and 110 Woodcuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 2s. One copy offered to each Member of the Society at £1 11s. 6d. THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo, 504 pp., with Map, Cloth. By the Rev. T. A. Preston,M.A. Price to the Public, 16s. ; but one copy offered to every Member of the Society at half-price. CATALOGUE or tuk STOURHEAD COLLECTION or ANTIQUITIES In THE SOCIETY’S MUSEUM, with 175 Illustrations. Part I. Price Is. 6d. CATALOGUE or ANTIQUITIES in toe SOCIETY'S MUSEUM. Part II. 1911. Fully illustrated. Price 2s, CATALOGUE or tar SOCIETY’S LIBRARY at tHe MUSEUM, Price 1s. APPENDIX No.1, I1., and III., 3d. each. CATALOGUE or DRAWINGS, PRINTS, anp Maps, In THE SOCIETY'S LIBRARY at THE MUSEUM. Price Is. 6d. CATALOGUE or WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS 1n roe SOCIETY’S COLLECTION. Price 6d. | BACK NUMBERS or roe MAGAZINE. Price to the Public, 5s. 6d.and | 3s. 6d. (except in the case of a few numbers, the price of which is raised). Members are allowed a reduction of 25 per cent. from these prices. | WILTSHIR Arrhealogieal and Matueal Wrstory It MAGAAINK., No. CXXLV. JUNE, 1916. Contents. Vot. XX XIX. THe Srixty-SECOND GENERAL MEBTING AT DEVIZES............cc.cceue: HuisH AND THE DoyNELs (Continued)... THe RELATIONS oF THE BISHOPS AND ‘Caine. OF (NEW SARUM) BETWEEN 1225 AND 1612: By Fanny Street, M.A, F.R. Hist. Soc... ee isBURY THE REPTILES, An perT Ne, AND FIsHES oF WILTSHIRE: By G. Bathurst Hony, B.A....... MGG Bnet ate WILTS OBITUARY .. ea Rh ea Nee ee ee RECENT Wagan Boor, ‘Penneanims ARTICLES, &c. Books AND ARTICLES BY War cneRe AUTHORS WILTSHIRE ILLUSTRATIONS AND PICTURES WILTSHIRE PORTRAITS ADDITIONS TO MUSEUM AND Vise Te eee ACCOUNTS OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE YEAR 1915. boo e0eeereeroen PAGE 147 156 185 258 263 280 299 304 337 312 315d Devizes :—C. H. Woopwarpb, ExcHance BuiLpinas, Station Roap. * t 1 ‘ me aes WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE, ‘““MULTORUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS. —Ouid. No. CXXIV. oSUNE, 1916. N.B.—No Magazne for December, 1915, was issued. THE SIXTY-SECOND GENERAL MEETING OF THE WILTSHIRE ARCHAOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, HELD AT DEVIZES MUSEUM, July 6th, 1915. The Committee of the Society having decided that, in consequence of the war, it was hopeless to attempt to hold the usual annual general meeting and excursions this year, the annual meeting, | held at the Museum, Devizes, on Tuesday, July 6th, took the form of a purely business meeting, attended by only a few | members, the President, Mr. W. Heward Bell, F.S.A,, F.G.S., being in the chair. The Hon. Secretary presented the annual report, which was read and passed; the officers of the Society and the members of the committee were re-appointed en bloc, with the ad- dition of Mr. E. H. Stone, of Devizes. | on consequence of the diminution of the Society’s income, from _the resignation of a good many members, a loss due no doubt partly to the war, the meeting instructed the Editor of the “ Magazine” to exercise all possible economy in the printing of the December number for this year. [On going carefully into the matter sub- | sequently the Hon. Secretary came to the conclusion that it would not be possible to print a second number of the Magazine for 1915 at all. ] _ The Hon. Secretary laid special stress on the necessity of ordinary ‘members of the Society endeavouring to obtain new members in | VOL. XXXIX.—NO. CXXIV, L 148 The Siaty-Second General Meeting. their own localities. At present this work of obtaining new mem- bers is too much left to two or three members of the committee. If the “ Magazine,” which is, together with the Museum, by far the most important part of the Society’s work, is not to suffer, more efforts must be made to secure new members in all parts of the county. | The most important business at the meeting, outside the ordmary routine of the annual meeting, was the consideration of what is to be done in the matter of the Great Barn at Bradford-on-Avon, which has now been formally conveyed to the Society by Sir Charles P. Hobhouse. Mr. A. W.N. Burder, F.S.A., of Bradford, has undertaken the appeal for subscriptions, more especially in the Bradford neighbourbood, and up to the date of the meeting had received £138. As the Society has to pay the cost of conveyance, and to put up a permanent fence of a substantial kind to divide the barn from the farmyard, this will provide but a small sum to- wards the £775 which Mr. Brakspear estimated would be necessary to put the building in thorough repair. Mr. Brakspear himself was present at the meeting and gave an alarming account of the present condition of the roof; he said it had got much worse since he inspected it last autumn, and falls of | tiles were continually taking place. If the building was to be saved something ought to be done at once, and it was useless to attempt to touch the roof unless about £200 could be found. | Mr. Brakspear’s report, and Mr. Burder’s statement that he had | appealed to everyone he could think of, and that subscriptions had practically ceased to come in, seemed to present an almost hopeless | prospect, when Mr. J. Moulton, of The Hall, Bradford-on-Avon, | who has been added to the sub-committee appointed to deal with | the barn, came forward with a suggestion that the great expense of providing the necessary new stone tiles for the roof might be | very much lessened by substituting, on the south side of the roof, | which is not visible from the town, Bridgewater tiles for the existing | stone tiles, which would then be available for the repair of the | northern side. This idea, under the existing circumstances, seemed 4 the only course open, especially when Mr. Moulton announced | The Report. 149 that if ib were acted upon he would give a second donation of £50 towards the work in addition to his first promised donation of £25. Mr. W. Heward Bell thereupon promised a second donation of £25, a third member of the Society promised a second donation of £0, and Mr. Burder undertook to renew his efforts in the Bradford neighbourhood to raise at least enough to provide a clear £200 to be spent immediately on the absolutely necessary repairs. . It is to be hoped that this fresh start may encourage all members of the public who regard the ancient buildings of the county as a possession which the present generation is bound, even in war time, to do its best to hand on uninjured to those who come after us, to send some subscription, however small, towards the Barn Fund, to Mr, A. W. N. Burder, Beleombe Court, Bradford-on- Avon. The meeting passed a resolution expressing their commendation of the vigilant care and prompt action of the Museum caretaker, Mrs, Willis, in the matter of the theft of the cover of the Maori Feather Box, to which was largely due the eventual capture and conviction of the thief. THE REPORT. The following was the text of the annual report read by the Rev. E, H. Goddard :— The committee beg to present the sixty-second annual report of the Society. Members.—The Society, as is probably the case with most similar bodies, has been affected by the condition of things brought about by the war, and we have to deplore a considerable diminution in our list of members during the past year. We have lost 12 mem- bers by death, 2 of whom have fallen in action, and 25 by vesig- uation or by removal of names in consequence of non-payment of subscriptions; whilst only 8 new members have joined since the date of the last report, The Society has now on the list of mem- bers issued with the current (June) number of the “ Magazine,’ 13 | life and 326 annual members, or 339 in all, against 370 in 1914, a | net loss of 31 members on the year. This loss, unfortunately, Teed 150 The Siaty-Second General Meeting. cannot be wholly put down to the results of the war, as the number of members has been declining now for some years, and unless means can be found to arrest this decline the result must be a diminution of the Society’s usefulness and the cutting down of the amount spent on the “ Magazine.” The committee would urge all present members of the Society to do their utmost to secure new members in their own neighbourhoods. At present this work of obtaining new members is left for the most part to one or two members of the committee, and unless members generally will | exert themselves more than they have done of late in this matter it is difficult to see how the number can be increased. Finance.—The statement of accounts published with the June “ Magazine” shows a deficit on the General Account on December 31st, 1914, of £32 1s, 6d., as against a balance at the beginning of the year of £33 9s. 33d. Three causes combined to bring this about. The two numbers of the “ Magazine” published during the year were both expensive ones, and the last part of the “ Wiltshire Inquisitiones Post Mortem” also cost more than usual, whilst out | of a total cost of £56 5s. 2d. incurred in the repair of the Museum | roof £36 5s. 2d. fell upon the General Fund: as to this, however, q it is hoped that the Museum Maintenance Fund may be able to pay back most of this to the General Fund by degrees. Again, the annual meeting at Shaftesbury last year was not sufficiently well attended to leave any balance to be carried to the General | Fund. The second instalment of £13 2s. 4d. towards the repay- | ment of £50 borrowed from the General Fund by the Museum | Enlargement Fund was paid over during the year, and the loan | will be fully repaid in two years’ time. The balance on the Life | Membership Fund, from which one-tenth is annually transferred . to the General Fund, was on the 31st December, 1914, £69 14s. 7d. | against £75 11s. 4d. at the end of 1913. In the future the printing | expenses will be lessened by the fact that the series of “ Wiltshire | Inquisitiones Post Mortem” has for the time been discontinued, the | British Record Society being unable to continue its agreement with | our own Society for the printing of these records for some time to | come. The Report. 151 On the Museum Maintenance Fund there was a balance on January Ist, 1914, of £25 15s. 6d., and at the end of the year of £8 19s. 11d., the total amount received in subscriptions and dona- tions amounting to £35 10s. 6d., as against £39 8s. in 1913, whilst admissions to the Museum came to £4 16s. 6d. There has thus on this fund been a falling off in the regular subscriptions. It is greatly to be hoped that there may be no further diminution in this fund, which is vitally necessary to the keeping up of the Museum properly. In addition to £20 paid from the fund during the year towards the expenses of the repair of the roof (£56 ds. 2d. in all) the largest items of expenditure were £11 for the making of electrotyes of the Bronze Age gold ornaments, which are now exhibited in the Museum in place of the originals, and £9 Qs. paid to Mr. C. H. Cunnington for his valuable work in rearranging, naming, ete., the geological collections. It is much to be wished that a larger number of members of the Society would show their interest in its work to the extent of an annual subscription of 5s. or more to the Maintenance Fund. The Musewm and Library.—The year has been unpleasantly marked by the theft from the Museum of the cover of the fine Maori feather box which has for many years been exhibited in the entrance hall. The thief, who was evidently no novice, had sub- Stituted for the original a modern copy in wood made by himself, but owing to the vigilance of the caretaker, Mrs. Willis, the theft | was discovered within a very few minutes of the perpetration, and though the thief unfortunately got away with the cover at the | | | time, the police, who displayed most commendable acuteness, were | able to apprehend him, and he is now serving a term of six months’ hard labour. There is little doubt that the robbery, also of Maori | objects, from the Blackmore Museum, at Salisbury, as well as ' Yobberies from other museums, were by the same hand. It is to be regretted, however, that in spite of the reward of £20 offered | by the committee for its recovery, the cover of the box has not ' been seen again, and it is in all probability permanently lost to | the collection. The principal additions to the Museum during the _ year are two deer horn picks found in the vallum at Avebury, and | | 152 The Siaty-Second General Meeting. several of the pewter objects found manyyears ago at Manton, which were secured for the Museum at the sale at Dauntsey House. There have been as usual a good many gifts to the library, which have been duly acknowledged in the “ Magazine.” The catalogue of birds has been completed by Mr. G. B. Hony, who is now serving at the front. It has been bound and placed for reference in the Bird Room. Since the outbreak of the war the Hon. Curator (Capt. B. H. Cunnington) and Mrs. Cunnington have been absent from Devizes, the former having been in command of military police at Codford, Bournemouth, Winchester, and elsewhere. d Publications.—Two numbers of the “ Magazine” were issued as usual for 1914, the December number completing volume xxxviii, containing a full index of 75 pages. Part VI. of the “ Wilishire Inqumsitiones Post Mortem,” completing the reign of Edward II, and forming the third volume, printed by our Society in con- junction with the British Record Society, was issued gratis to | members. This number contained more than double the number | of pages usually issued, as well as a complete index filling 58 pages. | This index was compiled by the hon. secretary on condition that | the British Record Society printed it for our Society free of cost. As has been stated above it has been found impossible to continue | this series of Inquisitions for the present. The first part of the | “ Register of Bishop Simon of Ghent,” which by an arrangement with the Canterbury and York Society has been separately subscribed | for by some 25 members of our own Society, has been issued, and | it is hoped that a larger part may be issued this autumn. The first part cost £3 14s. 4d., and there remains a balance in the | hands of the Society of £13 15s. 5d. to pay for subsequent parts. | The Annual Meeting.—in the ordinary course of things the | Society would have met probably somewhere in the south of the | county this year, but in view of the condition of things brought | about by the war, the presence of enormous numbers of troops, the | difficulty or impossibility of obtaining either accommodation or | motor vehicles, and the absence on service of the Hon. Meeting | Secretary, the committee came to the conclusion that it was useless | to attempt to hold a meeting this year. Last year’s meeting at | ‘io © he | a. | : The Report. 153 Shaftesbury was admirably organised by Mr. B. H. Cunnington, and was most enjoyable, though the numbers of members who joined if were insufficient to make it a financial success. The deficit of £9 was, however, made up by extra donations from those present, and had not to be met from the Society’s funds. Stonehenge.—The approaching sale of the Amesbury estate, in- cluding Stonehenge, has naturally aroused a certain amount of anxiety with regard to the future of the monument, and suggestions have been freely made that it ought to be purchased for the nation. In happier times this end might, no doubt, have been accomplished with comparative ease, but in existing circumstances it is exceed- ingly difficult to raise money for any purpose unconnected with the war. The Hon. Secretary has been in communication with the National Trust, which seems to be the body which should take the lead in any such enterprise, and has assured them that the Wiltshire Society will do all in its power to assist them, if they decide to move in the matter. The subject was carefully discussed at the recent general meeting of the Trust, but no definite decision was come to, and further definite information on the matter is being obtained. Meanwhile it is a satisfaction to know that the monument is protected under the Ancient Monuments Act, though this does not provide for any concreting of the stones of the outer circle, now dangerously leaning outwards, a work recommended two years ago by an expert committee appointed specially to consider what steps were necessary for the preservation of the structure. | Excavations. Vhe work at Old Sarum, under the direction of the Society of Antiquaries, had to be brought to a somewhat sum- mary end in 1914, owing to the outbreak of the war, and has not f | ) | \ f H | | | | | | ' been continued in 1915. The area between the cloister of the cathedral and the city wall to the north was found to be occupied by a large house, possibly the Bishop’s. A section was also cut _ through the bank encircling the city outside the Norman wall. A complete report of these excavations will be issued as in former years to subscribers. The work of opening up the ditch on the north side of the Kennet road at Avebury was to have been completed by Mr. H. St. G. Gray 154 The Siaty-Second General Meeting. this summer, but owing to the scarcity of labour it has been postponed. Mr. and Mrs. B. H. Cunnington just before the outbreak of the war carried out excavations at Lidbury Camp, in Enford parish, the account of which will be published in a future number of the “ Magazine.” At East Grimstead Mr. Heywood Sumner has been engaged on the site of what appears to be a considerable Roman villa. A de- tached bath house and six rooms of a large building have been uncovered, but much remains to be done; and here, as elsewhere, the war has stopped the work. Faculties Committee.—The Bishop of Salisbury has, in acordantl with the recommendations of the Archbishops’ Committee, appointed a small advisory committee, whom the Chancellor of the Diocese may consult as to the issue of faculties for works of church altera- tion or restoration, the proposed sale of church plate, and similar | objects. The committee will consist of the three archdeacons, an architect of standing, and an archeologist, who so far as Wiltshire is concerned, will be Hon. Secretary of the Society, ex officio. The Hon. Secretary, in virtue of the fact that he is one of the | three local secretaries of the Society of Antiquaries for Wiltshire, will also act as a correspondent of the Ancient Monuments Board for England. Mr. W. Heward Bell, whose term of office as President of the Society has run out, has kindly consented to remain President | during the present year. | The Medieval Barn at Bradford-on-Avon.—In October, 1914, | Sir C. P. Hobhouse, the owner of the great 14th century barn af | Bradford, offered to make over the building to the Society without | payment on condition that the costs of the conveyance and of the | necessary fencing were borne by the Society, and that the necessary | repairs should be executed within a reasonable time. As neither | the Office of Works nor the National Trust were willing to move in the matter, and as the alternative was that the building would | be pulled down, the committee considered it their duty to accept | the offer and to make every effort to save this remarkable building, | The Report. 155 which is such a prominent feature of Bradford. Mr. A. W.N. Burder, of Bradford, undertook to act for the Society, and although it seemed hopeless to issue an appeal for money to members generally, he has, by sending the appeal to persons likely to be interested, especially in the neighbourhvod of Bradford, succeeded in getting together a sum of £138 13s. When, however, the costs of conveyance and fencing (say £50) are deducted from this, the balance will go but a little way towards the complete repair of the roof and main timbers which Mr. Brakspear has estimated at £775. It is thought, however, that if another £100 could be secured the building could at least be saved from: the imminent danger of collapse which now threatens it. The comiittee appeals to all who wish so notable a building to be preserved to send subscrip- tions, of however small amount, either to the Hon. Secretary or to Mr. A. W.N, Burder, Beleombe Court, Bradford-on-Avon. Possibly some might be willing to promise an annual subscription of £1 for | | | | | | three years. [For further subscriptions promised after the reading of this report see account of the annual meeting above, p. 148.]+ ‘Other donations were subsequently received by Mr. Burder, the total up to August 7th, 1915, amounting to £252, and the work of repair has been begun. It is thought that after all it will happily be possible to keep the old stone tiles on both sides of the roof. In addition to the heavy item of the tiling the repair of one of the porches, and of some of the main timbers | of the roof are the most pressing needs, and further donations for this pur- pose from members of the Society and others are urgently needed. 156 HUISH AND THE DOYNELS. (Continued from p. 99.) Writ to John Chokke, knight, and John Fryse, mayor of Marleburgh. Wishing to be certified of the truth of a complaint (querimonie) in a petition exhibited before him in the chancery by Isabel Seymour late the wife of John Seymour knight against John Michell of Marleburgh, &c., the king empowers them to call and examine the parties and others after seeing the tenour of the petition enclosed, the writ and findings, to be returned in the Quinzaine of Hilary next. Westminster, 8 November, 11 Edward IV (8 November, 1471). : Transcript of the petition here follows :— Endorsed on the writ :—Responsio Ricardi Chokke justiciarii infra- scripti. Ego Ricardus Chokke infra nominatus domino regi in can- cellaria sua certifico quod virtute istius brevis primo die Decembris anno regni domini regis nunc undecimo venire feci et evocavi coram me apud Marleburgh in comitatu Wiltes’ partes infrascriptas et alios quos in hac parte fore videbam evocandos et ipsos et eorum quemlibet de et super infracontentis diligenter examinavi que quidem exami- naciones patent in quadam cedula huic brevi ac tenori peticionis infra- specificatis annexa. John Michell the elder sworn uppon a boke s[eith that he] never knewe of any suche bargeyn made betwene Sir John Seymour and John Bird of the maner of Huyssh as is comprehended in the bill of Dame Isabell Seymour Also the said John Michell seith that he was not enfeoffed in the said maner to the entent as in the said bille is expressed. Also Dame Isabell Birde late the wiffe of John Birde conteyned in the seid bill of the age of lxix yeres Sister unto the seid Dame Isabell _ Seymour sworn uppon a boke seith that the said John Byrde hir hus- bonde told hir withyn a quarter of a yere before his deth that he hade solde the seid maner londez and tenementez to the seid Sir John Seymour to have to the seid Sir John after the decease of the seid John Birde and of the seid Dame Isabell Byrd. Also Nicholas Longe of the age of 1. yerez sworn uppon a boke seith that he herd reported aswell by divers servauntez of the seid Sir John Seymour as by other persones whos names he remembreth not that the seid Sir John Seymour had bought of the seid John Birde the seid maner of Huyssh to have hit after the death of the seid Dame Isabell | Birde. : Richard Ady of the age of 1. yere sworn uppon a boke seith that the seid Sir John Seymour told hym divers tymes that he had bought of Huish and the Doynels. 157 John Birde the reversion of the maner of Huyssh after the death of hym and of the seid Dame Isabell Byrde And also that the seid seid (szc) Sir John delyvered hym a letter of attorney withyn xij monethes before the dethe of the seid John Birde in the whiche was specified that he was attorney for the said John Birde to delyver ceason to John Banam clerke and to the seid John Michell and to their heirez of the seid maner of Huyssh by force whereof he so didde to thentent that the seid John Birde and his wife shulde have the seid maner for terme - of their lyves ‘and after their deceace the seid Sir John Seymour to have the seid maner. And so the seid.Sir John Seymour told hym he then beyng his servaunt. And alsoe he seith that as well the seid John Banam as the seid John Michell were presente atte the seid lyvere makyng. Also Thomas Helyer of the age of lx yere and more sworn uppon a boke seith that he herd Sir John Seymour sey that he hadde bought the maner of Huyssh of John Byrde to have to hym and to his heires after the deceace of the seid John Byrde and of Dame Isabell his wife. Endorsed on the petition, order to parties, 11 May, 12 Edward IV [11 May, 1472,] to produce their witnesses, &c. also:— Memorandum quod vicesimo die Junii in Termino sancte Trinitatis anno regni regis Edwardi quarti duodecimo [20 June, 1472] ista peticione per infrascriptam Isabellam Seymour contra infranominatum Johannem Michell exhibita ac responsione replicacione et triplicacione superinde propositis necnon confessionibus attestacionibusinstrumentis racionibus probacionibus et allegacionibus utriusque partis in hac parte habitis coram aicto domino rege in Cancellaria sua visis lectis et auditis eisque diligenter examinatis et intellectis atque rite discussis habitaque superinde matura et diligenti deliberacione per consilium ejusdem curie prefatus Johannes Michell est ab impeticione dicte Isabelle Seymour super contentis in hac sua peticione absolutus ut que a curia dimissus quietus sine die sententialiter et diffinitive. Early Chancery Proceedings, Bd. 42, Nos. 32—35. In all probability it is not merely a coincidence that John Seymour, dame Isabel’s grandson and heir, came of age in or about the year in which the above proceedings were instituted. Sir John, his grandfather, had been dead for six or seven, and John Bird for no less than twenty-six years before the claim was advanced. The elder generation had apparently acquiesced in the situation, while the benefit of such success as might now be obtained would eventually accrue, and no great distance of time—for “ Dame Isabel Birde” was already advanced in years—to the young heir. Thus it was upon his initiative, we may reasonably suppose, that the suit was commenced. 158 Huish and the Doynels. The pleadings are incomplete; the Answer, Replication, &c,, are all wanting. On the other hand we get some invaluable depositions of witnesses and the decree. John Michell in the result is absolved of the alleged fraud, and this is the more remarkable for such of the testimony as has been preserved is entirely against him, Most noticeable of all is the deposition of “ Dame Isabel Birde” that her husband had told her, shortly before his death, that the manor was sold to Sir John Seymour. The history of “ Bryddes Chantry at the Altar of St. Katharine in St. Peter’s Church, Marlborough,” has been set out in vol. xxxvi. _ of the Magazine, in an article on “ Marlborough Chantries in olden days,” with such wealth of documents from the public records and from the Bishop’s Registers at Salisbury, and in the | sequel with such successful drawings by Mr. Ponting, as to make the whole not only a valuable and delightful contribution to the history of Marlborough, but a worthy memorial to the founder, who was no other than our “Dame Isabel Birde.” From these — pages we learn that on 6 February, 1445-6, by the description of “Isabel late the wife of John Bridde of Marleburgh,” she ob- — tained the king’s licence to amortize lands to the value of 8/. a year — for the support of a chaplain of “John Bridde of Marleburgh his Chantry.” The statutes of this chantry are dated 10 April, 1474, By these statutes she gave the advowson of the chantry to Thomas Beke of Erleigh Whiteknights, co. Berks, gentleman, and Isabel his wife, and their heirs,—and it is somewhat unexpected to find that Thomas was the son-in-law, and Isabel one of the daughters and coheirs, of that John Michel whom in her deposition of three years before she had by inference accused of an abominable fraud upon her husband’s estate ! d Just as “Anne” and “Agnes,” though quite distinct, are con- | stantly used in medieval documents as interchangeable forms of | the same name, so too the Hebrew “Elizabeth” (which as such | appears uninflected on most coins and seals and in many records— “ Klizabetha” being a comparatively modern corruption) is very | frequently confused with the name “Isabel,” which is apparently | of different origin—as a Wiltshire-jury of 1477 was aware :— | Huish and the Doynels. 159 Writ, “ Quia Elizabeth’ Byrde vidua que de nobis tenuit in capite diem clausit extremum,” addressed to the escheator in co. Wilts, 4 February, 16 Edward IV [1476-7]. Inquisition taken at Fyssherton, co. Wilts, Thursday, 10 April, 17 Edward [V [1477]:—‘‘ Qui dicunt super sacramentum suum quod nunquam fuit talis persona in rerum natura cognita vel vocata per nomen Elzabeth’ Byrde vidue prout in brevi predicto fit mernio que unquam tenuit aliqua terras seu tenementa in dominico Sive in servicio de domino rege aut de aliquo alio in comitatu predicto.” Ing. post mortem. Chancery. Edward IV. File 55 (4) ; old refce. 16 Hdw. 1V. no. 1a. Thus informed, the Chancery tried again :— Writ. ‘“Quia Isabella Byrde vidua que de nobis tenuit in capite diem clausit extremum,” addressed to the sheriff of Wilts, 7 May, 17 Edward IV [1477]. Inquisition taken at Twyford, co. Wilts, 6 November, 17 Edward IV. [1477] :—“ Qui dicunt quod Isabella Byrd in dicto brevi nominata obiit seisita de duo (szc) mesuagiis cum duobus gardinis cum pertinenciis in Marleborough,” held of the queen of England service unknown worth 10s. She held no other lands of the king or other the day she died. The said Isabella died 5 November, 16 Edward IV [1476] ‘sine herede.”’ Ing. post mortem. Chancery. Edward IV. File 54 (4); old refce. 16 Edw. IV. No. 6 There is no doubt possible that this inquisition relates to the founder of the chantry for the date of death here given is recited in one of the subsequent documents relating to Huish. Her piety had left her a couple of houses only, which, unless she had secured them by deed or otherwise to her foundation or her friends, now lapsed to the Crown, for, according to the findings of this jury, she died “without heir.” Truly this matter of Huish provides us with many surprises! for in her deposition of 1472 is she not described as “Sister unto the seid Dame Isabell Seymour”? Possibly the ladies were sisters by their mother, for it has apparently been known definitely, since the appearance of an article in the 12th vol. of The Genealogist, that Dame Isabel Seymour was daughter and heiress of Mark William, of Bristol, merchant, and sometime mayor, by which match there came into the Seymour family a good _ deal of house property in Bristol, duly described in their inquisitions. Possibly the kinship was an illegitimate one, and the finding “without heir” is correct. 160 Hwish and the Doynels. Meanwhile, in 1473, the year after his successful issue from the action brought against him by Dame Isabel Seymour, John Michel died. He never enjoyed Huish, for John Bird’s widow, the tenant for life, survived him, and it was only after her death that his — representatives, or for that matter, the Crown, troubled to proceed to an inquisition, which, when taken, refers exclusively to Huish. He possessed further lands, in Marlborough and the neighbourhood, which, it appears, had been settled on his wife, with remainders over, but it is tolerably clear that in this instance, as in others above, the inquisition was procured solely with a view to prospective litigation. In the present case, before even the writ was issued (May, 1477) upon which the inquisition was taken (November, 1477) Thomas Beke and his wife had brought their bill in Chancery against Dame Isabel Seymour, reciting John Michell’s death and that Huish had been assigued them on a partition, and alleging that she, and one Alexander Seymour, had entered on the said manor by force :— To the right reverend ffader in god Bysshopp of Lyncoln Chaunceller of Englond Mekely besechith youre good lordshipp Thomas Beke and Isabell his wyf and oon of the doughters and heirez to John Michell of Marleburgh, that where Isabell Seymour late the wyf of John Seymour knyght suyd a bill byfore the kyng in his cort of the Chauncerie ayenst the said John Michell alleggyng by the same bill the same John Michell to be en- feoffed of the maner of Hewyssh and other londez and tenementes in Hewyssh with thappurtenauncez by oon John Byrde late of Marleburgh to thentente to make estate thereof to the same John Byrd and to oon Isabell then his wyf for terme of their Jifes . the remayndre therof after their decesse to the said John Seymour and to the said Isabell his wif and to their heirs And how the seid John Byrd and the seid John Seymour were then dede. the seid estate not made / desiryng therfor by the seid bill that the seid John Michell might be compelled to make estate to the seid Isabell that was wyf of the seid John Byrd for terme of here lyf . the remayndre after here decesse to the seid Isabell Seymour late wyf of the seid John Seymour As more playnly apperith in the seid bill) Wheruppon a writte sub pena was | directed out of that cort to the seid John Michell to appere and ansswere to the premissez . at a certeyn day at whiche day the seid said John Michell apperid and made aunswere unto the seid bill as it apperith also of record in this cort. Which bill by hym so aunswerid and [the replication thereto had the provez examinacions and allegeauncez of bothe partiez theruppon had and ripely understand and examined . it Huish and the Doynels. 161 was considerid and decreed by this cort so that the seid John Michell of the seid peticion of the seidIsabellSeymour was dischargid and dismissid oute of this corte quyte as it more pleynly may appere of record here in this cort And it is so that nowe the seid John Michell isdede. by whose deth the seid maner and londez among other londez and tene- mentes descendid to the seid Isabell and to oon Elizabeth and Cristian as doughters and heirez to the same John by force wherof the seid Thomas Beke and Isabell his wyf with the seid Elizabeth and Cristian entred in to the seid maner londez and tenementez. and therof were seiasid in their demeasne as of fee / and after that made particion betwene theym / so that the seid maner of Hewyssh withe the appur- tenauncez was allottid to the parte of youre seid besechers in allowaunce [of] other londez and tenementez allowed to the seid Elizabeth and Cristian / by force wherof youre seid besechers were seiased of the seid maner in their demesne as of fee in the right of the same Isabell tyll nowe of late the seid Isabell that was the wyf of the seid John Seymour knyght . and oon Alexander Seymour . by here commaundement . with grete force and myght . have entrid in to the seid maner and trouble and vexe your seid besechers[without] . . . to the seid jugement and decree of this cort made and yovyn a yenst the same Isabell in contempte of this cort and to the grete hurt of youre said besechers Wherfor it please your seid (altered to sadd) lordship the premissez considred to graunte severeles writtes sub pena. directe to the seid Isabell Seymour and to the seid Alexander commaundyng them by the same to appere afore the kyng in his Chauncerie ther to aunswere to the premysses And over that to doo / as right and conscience shall requyre And thus for the love of God. This is thanswer of Dame Iabell Seymour late wife of John Seymour knyght un to the bill of Thomas Beke and Isabell his wife. The said Dame Isabell saieth by protestacion that the mater conteigned in the said bill is not trewe And for answer she saieth that the same mater is nott certen nor sufficient in lawe nor in concience to be answerid un to And also she saieth that she and the said Alisaundir entred not with myght and force in to the said maner in maner and forme like as is surmitted in the said bill Which mater the said Dame Isabell is redy to prove if by this court she be rewlyd so todo Wherfore she praieth to be restored to hur costis and damages for hur wrongfull vexacion And to be dismyssed owt of court. Endorsed on bill :—Coram domino rege in cancellaria suo in quindena Pasche proximo futuro. Memorandum quod termino Pasche anno regni regis Edwardi quarti decimo septimo [ April, 1477] pro et quod materia contenta in peticione infrascripta per infranominatum Thomam Beke et Isabellam uxorem ejus versus infranominatam Isabellam Seymour coram dicto domino rege in Cancellaria sua exhibita minus sufficiens est ut dicta Isabella Seymour eidem respondere cogatur consideratum et adjudicatum est 162 Huish and the Doynels. per venerabilem patremThomam Lincolniensem episcopum cancellarium © Anglie ac curiam cancellarie predicte quod prefata Isabella Seymour ag curia antedicta de et super eadem peticione et materia contenta in — eadem dimittatur et sic superinde dimissa est quieta sine die per — consideracionem predictam. 4 Early Chancery Proceedings. Tile 50, Nos. 133, 134 Thus Thomas Beke and his wife took nothing by their bill, and Dame Isabel was dismissed the court, doubtless with her costs, — wrongfully incurred. This was in April, 1477. In the following May the writ, already referred to, issued, as follows, with the in- ; quisition taken upon it :— Writ of Mandamus to the sheriff of Wilts; what lands &c. did John | Michel hold, &c. the day he died, their value, the time of his death, his next heir, the age of his heir, and who occupied the premises after his death, and by what title. 8 May, 17 Edward IV [1477]. Inquisition at Twyford, co. Wilts, 6 November, 17 Edward IV [1477], before John Gylbert, esquire, escheator . . . John Mychell named | in the writ was seised of the manor of Hiwyssh, held of the king in chief | by fealty and 13s. 4d. rent yearly at Michaelmas, for all service, worth | 10 marks. | He died 5 July, 13 Edward IV [1473]. Isabella, wife of Thomas | Beke, Cristina wife of William Fitz Geffrey and Elizabeth Mychellare | his daughters and heirs, aged 28 and more, 27 and more, and 25 and. | more. ? Tsabella Byrde, widow, took all the issues and profits of the said ; manor of Hiwyssh from John’s death to 5 November, 16 Edward IV | [1476] by what title the jurors know not. : John Mychell held no other or more lands or tenements of the king | or any other in demesne or service the day he died. | Ing. post mortem. Chancery. Edward IV. File 60; | old refce. 17 Edward IV No. 15. | It is sufficiently clear from his description, in 1471, as “the elder,” and from a definite statement to that effect, in Chancery | Proceedings of the year 1530, that John Michell had a son, of both | his names, who survived him, but died shortly afterwards, leaving! the succession open to his three sisters—although this rather] essential fact is not mentioned in the above inquisition or in several others cited below. That nothing is said about the par-| tition, alleged in the bill (above) of Thomas and Isabel Beke, or about other the lands of John Michell is less serions; but the} Huish and the Doynels. 163 statement with regard to the age of Isabel Beke is clearly in error, and probably by a good ten years. If she was aged, as here ‘stated, 28 in 1477, she was born in or about 1449; but her son, | Marmaduke, was born (see below) in 1459, and her grandson, Thomas, in 1487, or thereabouts, and it is obvious accordingly that 1439 is a far more probable date for her own birth than 1449, If the ages of her sisters are allowed to stand as given, and there | does not appear to be any particular evidence to the contrary, it | is fair to conclude that John Michell, the elder, was twice married, and that perhaps John, and certainly Isabel, were his children by a first and Christian and Elizabeth his children by a second wife, and the accompanying pedigree is drawn upon that assumption!. Thomas Beke’s petition was dismissed in 1477. - In the following lyear died Cristina, the elder of his wife’s sisters, upon which oc- ‘casion if was found by inquisition, in direct contradiction to the jstatement in his petition, that the whole manor of Huish had been allotted to him and his wife in allowance of other lands, that she ‘died seised of a third of that manor. Writ, “Quia Cristina que fuit uxor Willelmi Fitz Geffrey que de nobis tenuit in capite diem clausit extremum” addressed to the escheator, co. Wilts, 28 June, 18 Edward IV [1478], with memorandum of ex- ecution endorsed. ; Inquisition taken at Marleburgh, 18 October, 18 Edward IV [1478], before John Boteler, escheator, by the oath of John Edmundez . Cristina who was the wife of William Fitz Geffrey . . . named in the writ held of the king in chief the day she died a third part of the manor of Hywysh in the said county by fealty and a rent of 4s. 54d. at Michaelmas, as daughter and one of the heirs of John Mychell deceased. The said third is worth 44s. 54d. She died 5 June, 18 Edward IV [1478]. John Fitz Geffrey is her son and heir and is aged 10 and more. William Fitz Geffrey, late her husband, by the courtesy is tenant of the said third of the said manor 1A considerable quantity of evidence is available with regard to the descent of the manor of Whiteknights. From this (Berkshire) material it ‘appears that Thomas Beke was born about 1420 and that the manor of Whiteknights was settled on him and Isabel his wife, in 1446. If this | Isabel of 1446 is the Isabel Michel of Marlborough a correspondingly earlier date must be assigned for her birth. \VOnn XXXIX.—NO. CXXIV. M Huish and the Doynels. 164 FI co. Cy rs ®O a » ey oO ® g eres poet o SI » fe) i= se ie) tool or fics| =) ie fa) mM o fe ey fe) 7p) o =} ww 2) ee o Go WS) = os) =| a) ae fas) ite mM cas) a ™ = fas) o — > or >) =) (a0) of ~~ a) ple) (as) =| ors 2 eA peal Oo: S fas) mM oO a re) oy co) Edward IV. File 65; = ND) S = 3 rn S = s = eo} S ~» wy S gy = S "T-008T "eLb1 ‘ATU G “qo | mete qo =) MOSH Ve== ope ut Teyory upor = YI9q e217 eUIISLIYO) = UTIL Jo SvoUL | PAVM PY =[ [Sol qesl = fo Od Seuloy, |, | iS "TOST ‘PI 92 : ‘oyoq Svulot S | 5 ; | “I6PI ‘GS 42 ‘SLPT OT 4% i =e Koayooy 241, Uyor = ood eee Sia rs S | : Ss ear ee ‘Tost ‘dy ca) SLTL “ao (908 1671 ‘KEN 9 "qo j ‘ oun "a0 “Kal yoor) i q, pia ~—LLPT aoe oy ate . ie 24a LLPT ‘8% 2) | ‘SPUSTUIOITU MA > a aS S "ELPT “O41 "GO ‘jasunod Ler ee | date, of thirds into which the Michell ht ae uyor There is mention, after th Huish and the Doynels. (165 inheritance was divided, but there is nothing to indicate the sub- sequent devolution of Cristina’s share. The name Fitz Geoffrey drops out of the story.? | From 1477 to Dame Isabel Seymour’s death in 1485, so far as we know, there was peace. Her grandson and heir, John Seymour, esquire, attempted something, as appears by a subsequent bill—in which he is misdescribed as her son and heir—but I have failed to find the record of the proceedings thus recited. According to the statement in this subsequent bill, he took nothing for his pains, but on the contrary was ordered by the court to meddle no further with the manor of Huish. In 1491 he died, in October; in May of the same year died Thomas Beke, From 1479 onwards there is no evidence that Thomas Beke had interested himself in Marlborough or his claims there, his activities _ are all in connexion with Reading. In 1475, as “T. Beke of _ Arlegh Whyteknyght, gentleman,” he had presented, jointly with Isabel Bird,to the newly-founded chantry in St. Peter’s Church, but he did not exercise his right in 1479. As “Thomas Beke, dominus manerii de Arley Whyteknyghts, generosus,” he presented to Huish in 1476 and 1479, but not-in 1488, when there was a _ voidance there in his lifetime. In Canon Wordsworth’s article on j the Marlborough Chantries, referred to above, mention is made of | “Beak’s Chauntre founded within the parishe church of Ogborne p) | Saynt George,” and inasmuch as it was found by inquisition after the death of Marmaduke Beke (Thomas Beke’s son) that he died -seised of land in that parish, there can be little doubt that this chantry was founded for the souls of persons of this family, possibly of Thomas and of Isabel (Michell) his wife; but I have seen nothing | further to throw light on the matter. In his will, dated 14 March, | 1490-1, and proved at Lambeth 29 October, 1491,? by the de- 'seription of “Thomas Beke of Erle Whyteknyghts, diocese of | Salisbury,” he directs to be buried in the church of the Friars | _ |! Pedigrees of a family of this name (Fitz Geoffrey) were entered at the 'Visitations of Bedfordshire, in which, however, the match with Michell does not occur. 2 Kindly communicated by Mr. John Sadler. | M 2 166 Huish and the Doynels. Minors of Reading, gives 10 marks (6/. 13s. 4d.) for glazing a window in Queynton Church, wills that [Isabel Beke, his wife, shall have his manor of Whiteknyghts for life and appoints her his residuary legatee and sole executrix. By an inquisition taken after his. death, 22 October, 7 Henry VII. [1491], it was found that he died on 6 May last, seised in fee of the manor of Whyte Knyghts, co. Berks, worth 20/. held of the king in chief and of five messuages in Reading, worth 10/, held of the abbot there, and that Marmaduke Beke, aged 32 and more, was his son and heir. Of Marmaduke Beke, son and heir of Thomas, there is little to relate. He had a grant, 23 September, 1485, for life of the office of keeping the manor and park of Easthampstead in the forest of Windsor,—a grant made in the first year of King Henry VII, and an indication accordingly of lis and his father’s political sympathies. ~ | He died 26 October, 13 Henry VII [1497], according to the state- ment in an inquisition taken four years later, mentioned below. The lands in Berkshire were in his mother’s possession for life, under the terms of his father’s will, and for this reason presumably — no inquisition with regard to them appears to have been taken after his own death. zs John Seymour, esquire, grandson and heir of Dame Isabel | Seymour, had died, as mentioned above, in October, 1491, that is to say, in the same year that Thomas Beke died. In the following June (1492) an inquisition had been duly taken as to the lands whereof he died seised in Wiltshire, and a long list of manors, &e., is recorded, in which, however, the manor of Huish does not appear. — In 1498, the year after Marmaduke Beke’s death, this omission was remedied and a further inquisition was taken upon a writ of “Que plura.” The writ issued on 10 November, and on 14 November, 14 Henry VII (1498) it was found that John Seymour, long before | his death, was seised in fee of certain lands not specified in the previous inquisition (of 1492), viz., of the manor and advowson of Hewyshe beside Marleburgh, 40a. land, 30a, pasture and 40a. heath, in Hewyshe and Ore, whereof he was subsequently disseised by one Thomas Beke and Elizabeth Hall; the said manor, &c., are held of the king, by fealty and 13s, 4d. at Michaelmas yearly ; John | a - = 2 ¥ Ne Huish and the Doynels. 167 Seymour, knight, aged 21 and more, is his son and heir; the said Elizabeth has occupied the said manor and lands and has taken the issues and profits thereof, by virtue of the said disseisin, from the death of the said John Seymour to the present time. Here, for the second time, we meet with the writ of “Que Plura” and the inquisition taken thereon used as an incident in, or a starting point for fresh, litigation. The Roches’ claim to Huish _and Erdescote was resuscitated in precisely the same way in 1411, eleven years after the death of Sir John de Roches, and irrespective of the fact that by an inquisition [1408] in the interval it had been found that Lord Lovell had died seised of both places in fee ; while the inquisition after the death (in 1473) of John Michell, taken in 1477, though returned to a writ of “ Mandamus,” was pro- cured, there can be little doubt, for precisely the same end. The position of the jury in such cases is obscure; they accept, ap- parently, an ex parte statement, with no title disclosed ; and every- | thing is arranged presumably by a fee paid to the escheator, In the present instance (1498) the move, it must be supposed, was directly connected with the death of Marmaduke Beke in the | previous year, _ The nature of the renewed litigation for Huish will shortly appear : meanwhile there occurred two deaths by which the stage was further cleared. A writ of diem clausit issued on 15 October, Wy Henry VII (1501) after the death of Alice Michell, widow, and an inquisition was taken accordingly on 22 October in the ‘same year, whereby it was found that :— | Long before her decease, Richard Beauchamp, late bishop of Salis- bury (died 1481), William, late earl of Arundell (died 1488), John 4 Denham, knight, late (sc) lord Denham (died 1509), Richard Chokke, knight, John Wroughton, esquire, Thomas Passhe, clerk, Thomas Cromehall, clerk, Christopher Hanyngton and Walter Mayne, were | seised of six messuages, six gardens, 60a. land, in Marleburgh, Elcot and Everley, co. Wilts, in fee, by the feoffment of John Michell, the 7 elder, late of Marleburgh, formerly her husband, and being so seised demised them to her for life, with remainder to one Thomas Beke and his heirs for ever. She was seised thereof accordingly in her demesne as of freehold and died ; and the said Thomas Beke died ; after whose deaths the premises descended to one Thomas Beke as cousin and heir | of the said Thomas, viz., son of Marmaduke his son. The said 168. Huish and the Doynels. - messuages, d&c., are held of Elizabeth, queen of England, as of her ° -thanor of Marleburgh, and are worth 10 marks yearly. She died. 31 J anuary, 16 Henry VE 500-1)... bhre aad. Thorn son of Marmaduke, is aged 15 and more. Even this plain and brief statement of fact should be received ) with caution ; it is dir ectly controverted in subsequent proceedings — | in Chancery. The omissions are algo regrettable; for instance, we are not informed who were Alice Michell’s heirs, Had Thomas Beeke, the younger, been one of such heirs, the fact would probably _ : have been stated; and it is difficult to believe that she could have | been the mother of a lady (Isabel, the wife of Thomas Beke, the | elder) born certainly as early as 1440, and possibly ten years or so earlier, (See p. 163 above and note.) It is preferable to suppose , that Alice, or Alison, Michell, was the second wife of John Michell, the elder, and not the mother of his son, already mentioned, John 7 Michell, the younger (who by that description was returned to | Parliament in 1467 as one of the burgesses for Marlborough’), and not the mother of Isabel, wife of Thomas Beke. This Isabel survived the said Alice Michel for only a few | months. She is described in the writ of diem clausit, issued 6 May, _ 16 Henry VII (1501) as “Isabel Beek formerly the wife of | Thomas Beek, and late the wife of Edward Lancastre.” By the | Inquisition taken accordingly 31 October, 17 Henry VII (1501) it | was found that :— | One John Norrys, esquire, was seised of the manor of Erley, White- | knyghtes, 200a. land, 30a. meadow, 3a. pasture, 50a. wood, 200a. heath | and 6d. rent, in Sunnyng, Erlegh, Whitele, Hurst, and Redyng, and of | the advowson of the chapel of the same manor of Erlegh Whiteknyghtes | in fee, and being so seised, by fine levied 4 Edward IV (1464) gave | them to one Thomas Beek for life, with remainder to the said Isabel | for life, with remainder to the heirs of Thomas of his body begotten. / The said Thomas was seised thereof accordingly in his demesne as of | freehold by the form of the grant and had issue of his body lawfully } begotten Marmeduke Beek, and afterwards died so geised ; and the | said Isabel survived him and was solely seised thereof by survivorship | — in her demesne as of freehold by the form of the grant; and after: | wards the said Marmeduke had issue of his body lawfully begotten | p 1 Tt 1s possible, of course, that there were three John Michells in succession i i and that the “John Michell the yout. ” of 1467 had become “ J ohn Michell | the elder” by 1471.- Huish and the Doynels. 169 _ Thomas Beek and died, whereupon the reversion thereof descended to the said Thomas as his son and heir.’ — | She was seised, the day she died, of two messuages, formerly “ Bot- lers,” five virgates of land, 18d. quit rent from certain lands of Gilbert Bullocke, in Erlegh aforesaid, in her demense as of freehold. The said manor &ec. are held of the king by service of 4 i7 of a knight’s fee, and are worth 17/. yearly ; the messuages called Borlers AUG, are held of William Fetiplace, as of his manor of Erlegh, service un- known, and are worth 380s. yearly. . She died 1 April, 16 Henry VII (1501). - The said Thomas Beek, son of Marmeduke, is both cousin and heir of the said Isabel, viz. son of Marmeduke her son and heir, and cousin and heir of the said Thomas Beke, father of Marmeduke, of his body begotten, viz. son of Marme- duke son of the said (Phontas father of Marmeduke, and 1 is aged 14 and more. | Upon any showing of her age—and in the above ee the year 1464 is assigned for the settlement on her and Thomas, her husband, of the manor of Whiteknights—it i is somewhat remarkable ‘to find that Isabel Beke had re-married. Her second husband, ‘Edward Lancaster, is mentioned in the subsequent ee for Huish, but I have failed otherwise to identify him. Yet another inquisition remained to be taken to establish the | title of the boy, Thomas Beke. Upon a writ of “ Mandamus,” dated 15 October, an inquisition was taken 22 October, 17 Henry VII [1501]—on the same dates, that is to say, as the writ and inquisition F. the case of Alice Michel—to ascertain of what lands, in co. ‘Wilts, “Marmaduke Beke” died seised, &c., as follows :-— | } Marmaduke Beeke, named in the writ, died seised in fee of the | manor and advowson of Huysshe, a messuage or tenement called | “ Shaa,” seven messuages, 200a. land, 10a. meadow, 200a. pasture, 30a. | wood, in Huysshe and Okeburn Seynt George, held of the king in chief by fealty and 18s. 4d. rent at Michaelmas yearly. The said manor of Huysshe and [lands in Huysshe and Okeburn Seynt George perhaps omitted here] are worth 4/. yearly beyond reprises. He died 26 October, 13 Henry VII (1497). Thomas Beke is his son and heir, aged 15 and more. i! ) | | { ; | | Everything in this series of three inquisitions is found to be of the inheritance of Thomas Beke, the boy. They were procured, doubtless, to be taken by the guardian, whoever he was, to whom she Crown had. committed his wardship, and it is permissible to suppose that they were framed, as to their findings, as much to the } { : 170 Huish and the Doynels. disparagement of the claims of the other co-heirs of Michel and of Edward Lancaster as of the claims of the family of Seymour. In the following spring [1502] the litigation—as apart from the physical encounters which were doubtless always in progress —was resumed between the Michell and Seymour factions, in the form of a bill by Elizabeth Hall, John Michell’s youngest daughter. She was unmarried at the time of his death and in 1477. She now sues as a widow, but I have failed to recover any facts as to her husband, — Hall. In her bill she treats the inheritance ag shared between her sister Isabel and herself, without any reference whatever to the third sister, Cristina Fitz Geoffry, or her heirs, or to any settlement on Thomas Beke. She recites the litigation with John Seymour, esquire, and proceeds against his son, Sir John, with whom, five years previously, she had tried a fling, and come off successfully. ‘The Chancellor alluded to as dead was, I suppose, John Morton. The Chancellor now addressed is Henry Deane, who between the drafting of the bill and the injunction had been translated from Salisbury to Canterbury :— To the most reverend fader in god Henri Bushop of Salisbury keper of the kyngis greate seale. Mekely besechith your gode lordship your humble oratrice Elizabeth Hall widowe / that wher as one John Michell her fader was seased of the manor of Hewyssh and of other landes and tenementes in Hewissh in the countie of Wiltes in his demene as of fee / And so beyng seised one Isabell Seymour suyed in the court of the kynges Chauncerie a Sub Pena ageyn the seid John of the seid manor landis and tenementes / upon which Sub Pena after that the mater thereof was answered re- plyed and rejoyned . and the proces duly examyned and herd in the seid courte it was ajuged by the same court that the same John Michell shold be clerely dismyssed / and he had thereof jugement and sentence diffinytife ayenst the seid Isabell as pleynly apperith of record in the seid courte of the Chauncerie / of which record your seid oratrice hath an exemplificacion under the kynges greate seale / And after the seid Isabell Seymour died / and the seid John Michell dyed ther of seised in his demene as of fee / At whos dethe the same maner and landes discended to your seid oratrice and to one Isabell her sister late | decessed as doughters and heires of the same John Michell / And one John Seymour Esquier sone and heire of the seid Isabell Seymour _ entred into the premisses / upon whom your seid oratrice and her seid sister reentred / wher upon the seid John Seymour brought ageyn | theymassise. And your said oratrice and her seid sister had upon the forseid mater of record in the Chaunceriea Sub Pena ageyn the same Se SS Huish and the Doynels. 171 John Seymour / wherupon he was commaunded by the auctorite of the seid courte that he shold noo ferther carry his seid assise nor medle with the possession of the seid maner and landis / And after the seid John Seymour died and one John Seymour knyght sone of the said John Seymour esquier entred in to the premisses aboute . v. yeres passed and therof troublid your said oratrice and her sister / Wherupon your seid oratrice and her sister had a nother Sub Pena ageyn the seid John Seymour knyght / upon which Sub Pena he apperid and seid that he entred not into the premysses and entretid your said oratrice that she shold noo farther procede in that sute / by whos trety she surcessed thend of her sute / So it is gracious lorde that notwithstand- yng all the premises the seid Sir John hath now late entred and disseised your seid oratrice of the premisses and puttith her to greate trouble seying that now my lorde Chaunceler is ded . he ferith noo thyng the mater / Please it therfor your gode and gracious lordship to graunt a writte Sub pena to be directed to the seid Sir John Seymour commaundyng hym by the same to appere before the kyng in his Chauncery at a certeyn day and uppon a payn by your grace to be lymyted ther to aunswer to the premysses accordyng to reason and conscience. Thomas Morley de London Plegii de prosequendo mercer et Ricardus Fulston de eadem skynner Endorsed Coram domino rege in Cancellaria sua in xv? sancti Johannis Baptiste proxima [corrected to Octabis Sancti Michaelis]. videlicet undecimo die Februarii anno regni regis Henrici Septimi xvij (11 February, 1501-2) injunctum fuit per reverendissimum in Christo patrem Henricum Cantuariensem archiepiscopum custodem magni sigilli dicti domini regis Johanni Trevethen attornato infrascripti Johannis Seymour militis sub pena quadraginta librarum de terris et catallis ipsiusJ ohannisSeymour ad opus dicti domini regis levandis quod idem Johannes Seymour manerium de Hewyssh infraspecificatum vel aliquam partem ejusdem non intrabit nec se aliqualiter cum possessione aut proficuis dicti manerii aut alicujus inde parcelle intromittet donec et quousque materia infracontenta jam in cancellaria dicti domini regis pendens indecisa in eadem cancellaria plenarie fuerit discussa et deter- minata vel aliter per dictum custodem aut per curiam cancellarie predicte licenciatus fuerit in hac parte. Early Chancery Proceedings. File 241 (2). From the date of this injunction in 1502 to 1530 there is nothing available for the history. If we fall back on the presentations to Huish there is only one institution recorded in the interval. In 1488, as we have seen, the Bishop presented: in 1518 Sir John Seymour is acknowledged as patron: and thereafter the Seymour 172 Huish and the Doynels- family carries it—so far-as the list is complete—without inter- ruption. How the position was gained there is nothing to show. Persistence and the ever-growing might of the Seymour family doubtless were not to be denied. They bought out the interest of Thomas Beke, the grandson,—that is definitely stated, The ex- haustion or extinction of Michell’s immediate heirs contributed. Finally there is the revival and re-assertion of the old Garton— Roche—Beauchamp—Sturmy claim. The pedigree, for once, is quite clear :— Sir William Sturmey, died 28 March, 1426-7. |: | | Roger Seymour = Maud. Agnes. : i eee Sir John Seymour = Isabel William. Ne ae) (2) | John Seymour, esquire = Elizabeth Coker. | : John Seymour, esquire 7 Elizabeth Darell. (3) | Sir John Seymour. Notes :— (1) Found one of the heirs to his grandfather Sir William Sturmey in 1427, then aged 26 and more (therefore born about 1401). By ing? (Edw. IV, file £4) at Wilton, M. 4 Feb’, 4 Edward IV (1464-5) after the death of Sir John Seymour, knight, it was found that he died 20 Dect last (1465). John Seymour is his cousin and heir, viz., son of John Seymour his son, aged 14 and more (therefore born about 1451). (2) By inqg®. (Richard ITT, file 7) at New Salisbury, 25 June, 2 Richard III (1485) after the death of Isabel Seymoure, widow, it was found that she died 14 April last (1485). John Seymour of Wolfhale is her cousin and heir, viz., son of John her son, aged at the time of her decease 34 and more (therefore born about 1451). (3) Found heir to his grandfather Sir John, and to his grandmother Isabel, as above (born 1451). By ing. (C. serves IT. vol. 6, no. 65) 3 Nov. 6 Henry VII. (1490) he was found heir to Margaret Stourton, widow, viz., son of Elizabeth daughter of Robert (Coker) brother of John (Coker) father of the said Margaret, aged 40 and-more (therefore. born i Huish and the Doynels. . 173: ’ about 1450). By ing®(C. Series IL, vol. 8, no.-16) 2 June; 7 Henry - VII. (1492) it was found that he was seised jointly with Elizabeth, daughter of George Darell, knight, his wife, &c:; that he died F. be- fore All Hallows last (F. 28 Oct., 1491) ; and that John Seymour is his son and heir, aged 18 and more (therefore born about 1474). . The last-named (Sir) John Seymour (knight) survived till 1536, and it is against him that Robert Benger, in 1530, brought his bill for the manor of Huish. The rise of the fortunes of the Seymours in North Wilts—founded mainly upon the Sturmy succession— would make an interesting study. Sir William Sturmey died, in 1427, at Elvetham, his Hampshire manor, in the arms of John Spencer, vicar of Collingbourne Kingston, his chaplain. On his very death-bed he was executing deeds of feoffment, of Wolf Hall and other his manors, to John Benger, to whom William Tournay (perhaps kin to that Robert, mentioned above as one of the feoffees of Sir William, whose presentation, in 1428, to Huish apparently failed) delivered, or attempted to deliver seisin. Over twenty years later, in 1452, Sir John Seymour, the grandson.and one of the heirs of Sir William Sturmey, was litigating the matter in Chancery against this John Benger. There can be very little doubt that John Benger was a person trusted by Sir William. On 11 February, 1443-4, there is licence for John Benger to grant in mortmain to the prior and convent of Eston, of the fonndation of Sturmy’s ancestors, the advowson of the church of Stapleford, co. Wilts, a joint inheritance of the families of Sturmy and Tournay. Of the existence of a sharp antagonism between Jolin Benger and Sir William’s heir, apparently there is no doubt at all. For the greater part of the fifteenth century frequent commissions, &c., bear witness to the position and activity in Wiltshire of “John Benger,” and from about 1450 of “Jolin Benger the younger,” presumably his son. Whether there is any pedigree, or connected account, of the Benger family in existence, I do not know:—but some descendant of it having Settled in Kent, in a visitation of that county, in 1619, is entered a pedigree tracing him back to his county of origin, Wiltshire, and beginning with the marriage of “John Benger of Maningford”’ to “Beatrice sister to J ohn Michell of Marlborough.” The Kentish 174 Huish and the Doynels, pedigree is probably not quite satisfactory. It mentions Sir Thomas Benger, a person who can be dated, and the generations between him and the match of Benger and Michell seem insufficient ; but however it works out the entry which records such a match is . immediately acceptable, since it explains completely why Robert Benger came to be enfeoffed in Huish and why he figures as the depository of the Michell claim. Richard Benger, of Alton, clerk, mentioned in the bill, can be fully traced. He was fellow of New College, 1499-1521, and vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford in 1520 :— To the most reverent Father in God Thomas lord Cardynall legate a latere archebisshop of York pri- mate & Chaunceller of Inglond. In most humble wyse compleyning sheweth unto your good grace your Dayly Oratour Robert Benger that Where oon John Trymlet was seassed of & in the maner of Huysshe Twelfe messuages thre hundreth acrez of lande xl acrez of medow ffower hundreth acrez pasture & a hundreth acrez of woode with theyr appurtenaunces in Huyshe Marle- burgh Everley Elcote & Shawe in the Countie of Wilsshire in is demene as of ffee & so being seassed therof enffeffed Walter Hungerford knyght Christofer Wroughton knyght Richard Benger of Alton & other to have to theym & to theyr heyers to thuse of oon Edward Lancastre & Elizabeth Hall for terme of theyr too lyfes & the lenger lever of them withoute impechement of wast and after theyr deces to thuse of the heyers of the body of the seid Elizabeth lawfully begoton and for de- fault of suche yssue to thuse of oon Robert Benger ffather unto your seid oratour & the heyers of his body lawfully begoten / by force wherof the seid Water Hungerford & other his cofeffeez in to the premissez entred & therof wer seassed in theyr demean & of fee to thuse aforeseid / & they so therof to that use being seassed the seid Robert Benger the ffather had yssue your seid oratour and died / And afterward the seid Edward La icastre dyed / And the said Elizabeth Hall dyed withoute heyer of her body lawfully begoton and after that the seid Walter Hungerford & other his cofeoffeez excepte Richard Benger of Alton dyed And the same Richard Benger of Alton them over leyvid & hym held in in the premissez by right of survivor & therof was sole seassed in his demene as of ffee to thuse aforeseid / and he so therof to that use being seised therof died by protestacion seised / After whose dethe the premissez descendid & came & of right ought to discende & come to Richerd Benger Clerke as son & heyer of the seid Richard Benger of Alton And by the commaundement of the seid Richard Benger the son & in his name & for hym your said oratour into all the premissez entrid by force wherof the seid Richard Benger the son was therof seassed in his demean & [read as] of ffee to thuse of your seid oratour & the heyers of his body lawfully begotten by force of the gift Huish and the Doynels. 175 made by the seid John Trymlet as ys aforeseid / And the same Richard Benger the son so thereof to that use being seassed oon S' John Seymor knyght of his gret might & power wrongfully hath entred into the seid maner & other the premissez & also hath obteynid & goten the possession of the evydence concerning the same And from the secunde yer of the reyne of oure soverayne lord the king that now ys your seid oratour then being within age / the seid S' John Seymer syns therof wrongfully hath taken the issuez & profites that ys to say by the space of xviij yer or ther abought wher of veri ryght and concience aswell all the seid evidences concerning the premissez as also all thissuez & profites of the same commyng & growing by all the tyme aforeseid doo & owght of ryght to apperteyne & belong to your seid oratour & by colour of the havyng of whiche seid evidences the seid S' John Seymer contrarie to to all ryght & good concience hath conveyed & causid to be conveyed to hym sylff & to his use dyvers estates of & in the premissez intending therby therof to dysenherit your seid oratour for ever onles your most gracious fevour of pite be to hym shewed in this behalff / And ffor asmoche-as your seid oratour knoweth not the certentie ne the numbre of the seid evidences ne whether they be inclosed in bagge box or chest sealled or lokked he hath no remedy to atteyne them by the course of the comen law Yt may therfor plese your good grace the pre- missez conciderid to graunt a writ of Subpena to be directed unto the seid 'S' John Seymer commaundyng hym by the same personally to appere before your grace in the Kynges court of Chaunceri at a certeyn day & uppon a certeyn peyn by your grace to be lymited ther to make answer whye that he ought not as well to make delivere unto your seid oratour of the seid evidences & to avoide the possession of the premissez as also to satesfye unto the same your seid oratour all thissuez & profites by all the tyme aforeseid so therof by hym receyvid and taken and further to abide suche order & direccion herein as shall seme unto your grace resonable / And your said oratour shall daly prey to god for the preservacion of your good grace long to continue W& endure. Rc’ RycHe Willelmus Pepper de London Taillour & Plegii de prosequendo Ricardus Roo de eadem yoman Endorsed. Memorandum quod termino Pasche videlicet x die Maii anno regni regis Henrici vilj xxij [10 May, 1530] dies datus est partibus predictis ad producendum testes ad probandum materiam infracontentam hine inde usque Octabas Sancte Trinitatis proximo futuras et interim ad rejungendum per Curiam / Et ulterius termino Sancti Michaelis videlicet x die Novembris anno dicto dies datus est partibus predictis ad producendum testes ad probandum etc. ut supra hincinde usque crastinum Purificacionis beate Marie proximo futurum per Curiam / Et postea termino Pasche videlicet x die Maii anno xxiij Henrici pre- dicti [10 May, 1531] dies datus est partibus predictis ad producendum 176 Huash and the Doynels. testes ad probandum,ut supra hincinde usque quindenam Sancte -Trinitatis proximo futuram peremptorie per curiam. Ss. Coram domino Rege in Cancellaria sua a die Pasche proximo TETEO | in unum mensem. aor Ease Welles The Awnswer of Syr John Seymor knyght unto the Byll of Complaynte of Roberte Benger. The seyd Syr John Seymor saythe that the seyd Byll of Complaynt ys uncerten & insuffycyente in the lawe to be awnsweryd unto And also the mater therein conteynyd ys mater determynable att the Comen “Lawe & not in thys honorable courte of the Chauncery And the ad- vantage of the insuffycyence of the seyd Byll & of the Comen lawe to hym savyd yff he be compellyd by thys honorable Courte ffurther to make awnswer ffor the declaratyon of the trowght & ffor ffurther awnswer The seyd Syr John sayethe how that on’ Walter Beauchamp Elizabeth hys wyff were seasyd of the maner of Hewysche & of the londes & tenementes in Hewysche & Schawe in the seyd byll of com- playnt especyffyed in theyr demane as of ffee & ffor greate sommys of - money unto the seyd Walter Beauchamp by on’ William Esturmy knyght payyd the seyd Walter Beauchamp & Elyzabethe hys wyff gave the premyssys amonges other londes & tenementes unto the seyd William Esturmy to have the seyd maner & other the premysses in Hewysche & Schawe & unto the seyd Wylliam & vnto hys heyres ffor ever / by force wherof the seyd Wylliam Esturmy was therof seasyd in hys demane as of ffee & the seyd Wylliam Esturmy beyng therof seasyd dyed therof by protestacyon seasyd / after whoys dethe the seyd maner of Hewysche and the seyd londes & tenementes in Hewysche & Schawe desendyd as of ryght hytt owythe to descende unto the seyd Syr John Seymor Knyght as cosyn & heyr unto the seyd Wylliam Esturmy knyght that ys to witte son of John Seymor Esquier son of John Seymor Esquier son of John Seymor Knyght son of Maude dowthter & heyre unto the seyd William Esturmy beforce wherof the seyd Syr John Seymor nowe defendaunt entryed into the seyd maner of Hewysche & into the seyd londes & tenementes in Hewysche & Schawe & therof was & yit ys seasyd in his demane as of ffee by ryght tytele of in- herytaunce / And as to the third parte of the resydew of all other, the messuag londes & tenementes &other the premyssiz in Elcote Everleyght and Marleborough the seyd Syr John Seymor now defendaunt seythe howe that on’ Thomas Beke was seasyd of the seyd thyrde parte in hys demane as of ffee & so seasyd ffor grete sommys of money to hym payed. by the seyd Syr John Seymor solde the seyd thyrd parte of all the seyd messuag & other the premyssiz in Elcote Everleyght & Marleborowgh & all evydences consernyng the same amonges other londes & tene- mentes unto the seyd Syr John Seymor & to hys heyrs ffor ever & made estate accordyng by force wherof the seyd Syr John Seymour entryd into the seyd thyrd parte & therof was & yett ys seasyd in his demeane ~ Huish and the Doynels, BU as of ffee by the reason of the bargen & sale aforeseyd as lawfull was ffor hym to doo / And as to the too partes resydewe of the messuag & other the premyssyz in Elcote Everleyght & Marleborowght the seyd Syr John Seymor deffendant saythe that he nothyng claymythe ther in to hys owne vse but he saythe that on’ John Dudeley knyght pre- tendythe & makythe tyttle unto the seyd too partys & prayyth that the seyd John Dudeley knyght may be callyd into thys honorable Courte to entreplede wythe the seyd Robirde Benger And suche proffyttes as he the seyd Syr John Seymor have taken of the seyd too partys he the seyd John Seymour ys redy to accompte for the same And further to be orderyd in that as thys honorable Courte wyll adward And all suche evydences wrytynges & other mynymentes as the seyd Syr John Seymor hathe consernyng the seyd maner of Hewysche & the londes & tenementes in Hewysche and Schawe & also consernyng the seyd thyrd parte of the londes and tenementes in Elcote Everleyght & other the premyssys he kepythe for the preservacyon of hys estate of & in the premyssys | Withe owte that that the seyd John Trymlett anything hadde in the seyd maner of Hewysche & in the seyd londes & tenementes in Hewysche & Schawe & the thyrd parte of the seyd londes & tenementes in Elcote Everleyght & Marleborowght & yff the seyd I'rymlett ony thing hadde hytt was only by on’ Elyzabeth Hall the wyche nothyng hadde in the premlilssyz but only by dyss jeislin done unto the Auncestres of the seyd Syr John Seymor And wythout that that the seyd Walter Hungerford knyght Christoffer Wroughton knyght & Richard Benger of Alton were seasyd of the premyssys by ryght tytele unto the use of the seyd Edwarde Lancaster & Elizabethe Hall for terme of theyr lyvys the remaynder therof unto the seyd Elyzabethe & to the heyrs of hyr body lawfully begoten as by the seyd byll hytt:ys untreuly surmysed / And wyth out that that the seyd Rychard Benger of Alton the son was seasyd off the premyssyz or of ony parcell therof in his demane as of fee by ryght / And wyth out that that he the seyd Syr John Seymor hathe conveyd ony estate in the premyssyz or hathe enteryd into the same wrongfully And wythe oute that that any other thyng materyall or awnswerable in the seyd Byll of complaynte specyfyed and nott be ffore in thys awnswer con- ffessyd avoydyd or traversyd ys trewe Al wyche maters the seyd Syr John Seymor ys redy to avere & prove as thys honorable Courte wyll adwarde & prayythe to bee dyssmyssyd out of thys honorable Courte wythe hys reasonable costes & charges ffor hys wrongfull vexacyon & trowbele in that behalfe susteynyd Dancaster Bedon jef. The Answere of Sir John Dudley Knyght brought in to the interplede by Sir John Seymour knyght ayenst Roger Beynger. The seid Sir John Dudley sayeth that the tytle in the byll of the seid Roger Benger and also the tytle in the answere therunto made by 178 Huish and the Doynels. the seid Sir John Seymour arre untrue and feyned and sayeth that nother of them have tytle to the manour of Hewyshe the londes and tenementes in Hewyshe and Shawe ne to the other londes mencyoned in the seid byll ne to eny parte thereof ne to the evydences concernynge the same / | ffor the seid Sir John Dudley sayeth that one John Michel the elder was seasyd of the manour of Hewyshe & of the londes & tenementes in Hewyshe and Shawe and of all other londes & tenementes in the seid bill namyd in his demeane as of ffee / And so seasyd infeoffyd Rychard by the sufferance of god bysshop of Salisbury Wylliam Erle of Arundell John Borurechirche knyght lord Berners John Denham knyght lord Denham Rychard Chokke knyght John Wroughton Master Thomas Passhe Master Thomas Cromehale Christofer Hanyngton Walter Plommer & Walter Moyne of & in the seid manour & other the premyssez to the use of the seid John Michell & of his heyrez and to the performance of his last wyll / by vertue of whiche feoffment the seid bysshop & other his cofeoffez werr seasyd of the premyssez in their demeane as of ffee to the use before declaryd | And after the seid John Michell wyllid and declarid by his last wyll That the seid ffeoffez should stonde and be seasid of & in as muche of the landes & tenements aboverehersyd to the yerely value of twentye poundes to the use of Alison his wyff for terme of her lyffe / And fferther wyllid that the seid ffeoffez should receyve and perceyve of the proffyttes of the resydue of the londes & tenementes above rehersyd ffor the maryage of Elizabeth his doughter two hundred markes / And after seid cc markes receyved of the yssuys & proffyttes of the premysses / Then he willyd that his seid ffeoffez should make astate of all his landes except the seid xx li. assigned to his wyff to his sone John Michell the younger and to the heyrez of his bodye laufully be- gotten / And yf the seid John Michell the younger should fortune to: dye with out yssue of his bodye laufully begotten / then the said John Michell the ffather willyd that all & singler manourz londes & tene- mentes above rehersid should remayne to the seid Alison his wyff & to her heyrez for ever / And dyed after whois death theseid bysshop & other his cofeotfez werre seasid of & in the premysses to the use above declaryd / And after theseid feoffez did perceyve & receyve of the yssuys & proffyttes as is above rememberid cc markes for the maryage of the seid Elizabeth / And after the seid John Michell the yonger dyed with out yssue of his bodye / After whois death the seid bysshop & other his cofeoffez werre seasyd of & in all the seid manour & other the premysses to the use of the seid Alice and of her heyres for ever The astate right tytle use & inter est of the seid Alice of & in the seid manour londes & tenementes in Hewysh & Shawe & other londes & tenementes in the seid bill namyd the seid Sir John Dudley by juste é& good conveyance in the lawe now hath / With out that that the seid Wylliam Esturmy was seasid of & in the said manour of Hewysh & the other londes & tenementes in Hewysh & Shawe / And with out that that theseid manour & londes in Hewysh or Shawe discendyd or of right ought to discende to theseid Sir John Seymour as in the answere- Huish and the Doynels. Ee of theseid Sir John is alledgyd / & with out that that theseid Sir John Seymour is cosyn & next heyre of theseid Wylliam Esturmy & that theseid Sir John is seasid of & in theseid manour londes & tenementes in Hewysh by right & true inherytaunce as he hath also alledgid in his seid answere / & without that the seid Thomas Beke was ever seasid laufully of the third parte of thesame other londes & tenementes in Hlcott Everley & Marlebrogh / & without that that the seid Beke dyd bargayne & sell theseid third parte unto theseid Sir John Seymour & made therof astate accordyng as in the Answere of theseid Sir John Seymour is also surmysid & with out that that theseid John Trymlett was ever lawfully seasyd of & in theseid manor of Hewysh & other londes mencyoned in theseid bill / & infeoffyd theseid Sir Walter Hungerford knyght Christofer Wroughton & other to the use of Edward Lancaster & Elizabeth Hall for terme of their lyffes & after their decease to the use of the heyrez of the bodye of theseid Elizabeth and for lake of suche yssue to the use of theseid Robert Benger ffather to theseid compleynaunt & to the heyrez of his bodye laufully begotten or that theseid Sir Walter Hungerford & other his cofeoffez werre ever seasyd to thesame usez as in the byll of theseid Benger is untruely surmysid and with out that that eny other thynge materyall or answerable alledgyd in theseid bill or in the answere of theseid Sir John Seymour not beyng in this answere confessid avoydid or traversid is true / And for as muche as it is confessid [by] theseid Sir John Seymour that two partes of the londes and tenements in Elcott Everley & Marlebrogh & the evydences concernyng thesame do belong & apperteyne of right unto theseid Sir John Dudley / The same Sir John Dudley prayeth that he by the ordre of this honrable court maye be restoryd to the possessyon of theseid two partes & the evydencez therunto belongyng with all the rentes revenuys yssuys & proffytes receyvyd by theseid Sir John Seymour by the space of theseid xviij yere to the some of cc poundes All which maters theseid Sir John Dudley is redye to prove as this honorable court will awa[r]de and prayeth that he by the grace of thesame maye be restorid to the possessyon of the premyssez with the yssuez & proffyttes of the same accordyng to right justice and equyte. Horwood Ryche Le The Replicacion of Robert Benger to the Annyswere of Sir John Seymour Knyght The said Robert Benger sayth that the said annyswere is uncerteyn & insufficient in the lawe to be replied unto. And moreover saith that the said Richard Benger the son of the said maner & londes in the bill Specified was therof seased in his demeane as of ffee to the use of the said playntiff & of the heyres of his body laufully begotton unto suche tyme as by the greate myght & power of the said Sir John Seymour unlawfully & wrongefully thereof was put oute in maner & fourme as by the said bill ys allegged And ferther the said playntiff saith that OL, XXXIX.—NO. CXXIV. N 180 Huish and the Doynels. longe tyme sythen that the said William Esturmy knyght of the said maner & londes in the said annyswere specified was therof seased or theryn any thyng had that one Edward Lancaster by true and juste title & lawfull conveyaunce amongest other londes & tenementeés was therof seased in his demeane as of ffee . and he so being seased for dyvers & many greate consideracions be twene hym & one Elizabeth Hall in accomplisshement & fulfillyng of the will & mynde of one Alice Michell mother unto the said Elizabeth of the said maner & londes infeoffed John Trymlet in the said bill specified to have to hym & to his heyres in fee . by force whereof the said John Trymlet in to the said maner & londes entred & therof was seased in his demeane as of ffee to the use of the said Edward Lancaster & of his heyres. And the said Trymlet so beyng seased in consideracion as is afforsaid at the instaunce of the said Edward Lancaster of the said maner & londes amongest the said other londes & tenementes infeoffed the said Walter Hungerford knyght Cristofer Wroughton knyght Richard Benger of Alton & other in the bill specified to have to them & to there heyres to the use of the (said Edward Lancaster & Elizabeth Hall for terme of there lyves & the longer lever of them without impechement of wast. And after there deceases to the use of the heyres of the body of the said Elizabeth laufully begotton. And for defaught of suche issue to the use of Robert Benger father unto the said playntif & of the heyres of his body laufully begotton in maner & fourme as by the said bill is allegged. And the said complaynaunt fferther seyth & averreth in all & every thyng as he hathe before allegged in his seid bill & shalbe at all tymes redy to ‘prove the same to be true accordyng to the effecte _ thereof Without that that the said maner & londes disended & came | or of right ought to discende & comme unto the said Sir John Seymour | nowe defendaunt by right title of inheritaunce, or by any other laufull conveyaunce . or that the said William Sturmy thereof died seased. or that the said Sir John Seymour ys cosyn & heyre unto the said William Sturmy in maner & fourme as by the said annyswere is allegged. And without that that the said Mawde in the said annyswere specified or John Seymour knyght son of the said Mawde or John Seymour Esquier son of the said John Seymour knyght or John Seymour Esquyer father of the said defendaunt or any of them or any other to there uses any thyng theryn had by right or therof laufully | toke any issues of profittes . or that the said Sir John Seymour nowe | defendaunt or any other to his use any thyng theryn had by right or | therof laufully toke any issues or profettes in maner & fourme as by | the said annyswere is also surmysed. And as to the thyrde parte of | the said londes & tenementes*in Marleburgh Everley & Elcote in the | said annswere specified the said playntif sayth . that longe tyme | before the said bargayn & sale by the said Thomas Beke of the said | thirde parte unto the said Sir John Seymour defendaunt therof made. |~ Howe that the said Edward Lancaster amongest other landes and | tenements was therof seasyd in his demeane as of ffee . and heso | beyng seased in consideracion as is afforsaid therof infeoffed the said | John Trymlet to have to hym & to his heyres in ffee by force wherot | Huish and the Doynels. 181 the said John Trymlet into the said thyrde parte entred & therof was [qui]et[ly] seased in his demeane as of ffee to the use of the said Edward Lancaster & of his heyres. And the said John Trymlet so beyng seased in consideracion as is afforsaid at the instance of the said Edward Lancaster of the said thirde parte amongest the said other londes & tenementes infeoffed the said Walter Hungerford knyght & other his cofeoffeis to have to them & to there heyres to the use of the said Edward Lancaster & Elizabeth Hall for terme of there too lyves & the longer lever of them withoute impechement of wast & after there deceases to the use of the heyres of the body of the said Elizabeth lawfully begotten. And for defaught of isuche issue to the use of Robert Benger ffather unto the ‘said playntiff & of the heyres of his body laufully begotton in maner & forme as by the said bill ys allegged Without that that the said Thomas Beke or any other to his use any thyng theryn had by right or therof laufully toke any issues or profittes. And as to the other too partis residue of all the saide londes & tene- mentes in Marleburgh Everley & Elcote in the said annyswere specified the said playntif seith that for asmoche as the said defendaunt utterly hathe disclaymed to have any thyng theryn to his owne use & that the said Richard Benger the son at altymes was & yet is by right therof eased in his demeane as of fee to the use of the said playntif & of the heyres of his body laufully begotton therfor the said plaintiff praith that the said Sir John Seymour defendaunt may not only be compelled by the order of this honorable Courte by Injunccion of the said too partis to avoide from the possession & therof to make restitucion unto the said playntif of the issue & profites so by hym wrongefully percevyd & takyn by all the tyme & space in the said bill specified . but also to release unto the said plaintif in extinguysment of his clayme for of his owne confession right hath he none. Without that that the said Elizabeth Hall of the said maner & londes or of the saide thirde parte disseased any of the auncettours of the said Sir John Seymour de- fendaunt. And without that that any other thing materyall or anny - swerable in the said annyswere conteyned & not before in this replicacion confessed & avoided or traverssed is trewe. All which matters the said playntif is redy to averre & prove as this honorable Courte shall awarde & prayth as he is in his said bill hathe before praid, / The replicacion of Robert Benger to of Sir John Dudley knyght brought : in to enterpledde by Sir John Seymour knyght . . . . nstthe said Benger. The said Robert seyth that the . . . ys uncerteyn & insufficient in the lawe to be replied unto. And moreover seith that the said Richard Benger the son of the said maner & londes in the bill specified was & yet is by right therof seased in his demeane as of ffee to thuse of the said playntif & of theyres of his body laufully begotton in maner and fourme as by the said billis allegged. And ferther the seid playntif seith that longe tyme sithen the said Busshop of Salisbury William N 2 2 Huish and the Doynels. Erle of Aroundell & other there cofeoffees in the said annyswere speci- fied of the said maner & londes were therof seased or any thyng theryn had to thuse of the said Alice Michell that one Edward Lancaster by true & juste tytle & lauful conveyaunce was therof seased in his demeane as of ffee. And he so beyng seased for dyvers & many greate consideracions be twene hym and one Elizabeth Hall in accomplisshe- ment & fulfillyng of the mynde & wille of the said Alice Michell mother unto the said Elizabeth of the said maner and londes infeoffed John Trymlet . to have to hym & to his heyres in ffee by force whereof the | said John Trymlet in to the premissig entred & therof was seased in his | demeane as of ffee to thuse of the said Edward Lancastr’ & of his heyres. | And the said John Jrymlet so beyng seased in consideracion as is | afforsaid at the instaunce of the said Edward Lancastr’ of the said | maner & londes infeoffed the said Walter Hungerford knyght Christofer | Wroughton knyght Richard Benger of Alton & other in the bill specified. | to have to them & to there heyres to thuse of the said Edward Lan- | caster & Elizabeth Hall for terme of there lyves & the lenger lever of | them without impechement of wast . & after there deceassez to thuse of | theyres of the body of the said Elizabeth laufully begotton & for defaught | of suche issue to thuse of Robert Benger ffather unto the said playntif & of theyres of his body laufully begotton in maner & fourme as by the | said bill ys allegged. And the said complaynaunt fferther seith & | averreth in all & every thyng as he hathe before allegged in his said | byll & shalbe at all tymes redy to prove the same to be true accordyng | to theffecte therof Without that that said Sir John Dudley nowe hathe | by just & good conveyaunce the estate right use & interest of the said | Alice Michell of & in the said maner londes & tenementes in the bill} named or of & in any parte or parcell therof in maner & fourme as by the said annyswere is allegged. And withoutthatthat . . . other} thyng materiall or annyswereeable in the said annyswere conteyned | not before in this Replicacion confessed & avoyded or . . . ed is true) All which matters the saiy playntif is redy to aver & prove as this honorable Courte shal] awarde & praith as he in his said bill hath) before praid. The Rejoynder of Sir John Seymour knyght unto the Replycacion of Robert Benger. The seyd Sir John seyth that the seyd Replycacion ys insuffycyent) in the law to be rejoynde unto and fferther seyth that his seyd aunswere, séyth that the seyd Thomas Beke yn the seyd aunswer mencyoned was] lauffully & justeley seassed of the third parte of the seid londes 4 tenementes in Maleburrowh Everly & Elcotte yn the seyd byll 4 Replycacion specyfied yn his demean as of ffee & that be good jus! tytle of ryght by dissent from his auncetours and so seassed of thi seyd thyrd parte infeoffed the seyd Sir John Seymour & his heyers #0} ever & made a state accordyng by fforce wherof the seid Sir Job) | Huish and the Doynels. 183 Seymour ys now seassed of the seid thyrd parte in ffee be tytle of ryght with owt that that the seid Rychard Benger the son yn the seyd byll & Replycacion specyfyedwas unlaufully & wrongfully putowt of the seid manner londes & tenementes yn the seid byll & Replycacion specyfyed by the seid Sir John Seymour And wyth owt that that ony oder thyng materyall or aunswerable yn the seid Replicacion conteyned & not by the seid Rojoynder confessed avoyded or traversed ys trew All which matters the seid Sir John ys redy to prove as this honorable Courte wyll awarde And praiyth as before yn his seid aunswer he hath prayed. Early Chancery Proceedings. Bd. 472, nos. 59—64. The following writ was noted too late for insertion at page 67 | above. It isa grant, 6 December, 1247, for the executors of Robert Duynel, or Doynel :— > | | | | | | | De execucione testamenti Roberti Doynel. Mandatum est Henrico de Wengham et coescaetori suo in comitatu Wiltes’ quod accepta securitate ab executoribus testamenti Roberti Duynel de debitis si qua idem Robertus regi debuit regi reddendis ipsos execntores plenam administracionem omnium bonorum que fuerunt ipsius Roberti habere permittant ad execucionem testamenti sui faciendam. Et si qua forte de bonis et catallis hiis receperint, eis sine ullo retenemento eis (szc)reddi faciant. Teste rege apud Merle- berge vij. die Decembris. Close Roll. 32 Hen. III. [1247]. m. 16. Preserved among the Records of the Duchy of Lancaster (Knights? Fees, Bundle 1, no. 14), there is a list of :— Les ffees le Counte de Hereford de la Conestablerie Dengleterr’, followed by a list of :— Les ffees de la Baronie de F'arlegh’. which begins :— Richard de Vernon tient en Kyngestone Deverel en Wiltesshir’ un fee est deit la suite a la court de ffarlegh’ de treis symaignes en treis symaignes. 184 Huish and the Doynels. The 16th entry on this list is :— Peres Doynel tient en Erdescote en le dit contee la quarte partie ce un fee et deit la service avaunt dite ; from which we gather that Sir Peter Doyneil held his land in Erdescot, mentioned above (pp. 86, 88), of the Earl of Hereford, as of the barony of Farlegh, by service of + of a knight's fee and suit of the earl’s court. The name Doynel occurs in other counties. Thus John Doynel is in the commission of the peace for the county of Hertford, 13 October, 1348. On 7 November, 1404, John Doynell has letter of attorney to receive seisin from the earl of Westmorland of lands in Yorkshire. Possibly this last-mentioned John belonged to those of the name very anciently seated in Nottinghamshire. Thus in — 1201 Walter Doisnel was amerced half a mark in county Notting- » ham; William Doynel occurs as donor of a rent in West Retford — _ before 1272; Thomas Doynel was amerced in the same county | before 1275; John Doynel, of Misterton, co. Nottingham, is par- | doned a trespass done by him with other scholars of Oxford, in | Bernwood Forest, in 1281; William Doynel, in or about 1310, | claimed to present to the church of Misterton; and Thomas | Doynel, of Misterton, occurs in 1412. : In Cornwall the name is found, in several branches, that of Menhenniot ending in an heiress married to Trelawney after 1375, and another in an heiress married, a hundred and fifty years or so | later, to Beare. As early as 18 November, 1224, Walter Doignell and Ermengard his wife, late the wife of Walter Foliot, released | her dower in half a knight’s fee in Penhanger, in Menhenniot. 185° THE RELATIONS OF THE BISHOPS. AND CITIZENS OF SALISBURY (NEW SARUM) BETWEEN 1225 AND 1612. | VI. By Fanny Street, M.A., F.R.Hist. Soc. CoNTENTS:— INTRODUCTION. Distinction between Old and New Sarum. (Note on the error of this name.) FoUNDATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY. (a) Original grants and their significance. (8) Traces of early municipal organisation. FORMULATION OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE CITY. (a) Tallage Controversy, 1302—6. (B) Composition between Bishop and Citizens. (c) Municipal Constitution, 1306—1465. LaTER CONTROVERSIES. (a) Incidents of period 1306—1465. (B) Dispute with Bishop Beauchamp, 1465—1474. (c) Incidents of period 1474—1537. (p) Controversy with Bishop Shaxton, 1537—9. (z) Incidents of period 1539—1593. (F) Dispute with Bishop Coldwell and its sequel 1593—8. V. THE Finat EMANCIPATION OF THE City. (aA) The granting of the new charter. (Bs) Government under the new charter. SUMMARY AND CoNCLUSION. | BIBLIOGRAPHY. List or ABBREVIATIONS EMPLOYED. B. and H. Old and New Sarum _... ..» Benson and Hatcher, B.B.C. British Borough Charters aa ae Ballard. B.C. Borough Customs Re Bee oe Bateson. Bae, Burgage Tenure a as Hemmeon. DN.B Dictionary of National Peon aphy i, Gleanings from the Archives a oes Swayne. r, The Gild Merchant Aa Gross. TM.C.R.I. Reportof Historical Manuscripts Commission Vol. I., 1901. TM.C.R. IV. 3 i Vol. IV. , 1907. rh og lal dintped Balle LN, LInber Niger 1.and P. Letters and Papers of Henry VIII. ore Gairdner. LBS. Muniments of the Bishop of Salisbury 4.0.8. 3 » Corporation of Seed Pie. Pr aileesslomncs Historie... Duke. P. and M. History of English Law ... Prollock and Maitland. P. Records of Parliament, 1305 an on Maitland. | fa State Papers—Domestic Series—James I. ... Green. .C. The Tropenell Cartulary ... 5; he Davies. _ Detailed particulars of these references are given in the Bibliography. 186 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury I, INTRODUCTION, The history of the relations of the Bishops of Salisbury with their citizens offers an interesting example of municipal development on the land of an ecclesiastical lord. It exhibits many character- istics which are to be found in the history of other cities similarly placed, such as Exeter, Wells, and St. Alban’s. Successive Bishops acted as good landlords, in that they did their best to increase the city’s opportunities of trade and to secure ever wider privileges for it; but they were singularly tenacious of their rights of control and unwilling even to sell or commute these so as to leave the citizens free to govern themselves. The citizens, on the other hand, while accepting all that their lords conferred upon them, began to struggle for independence as soon as their community was well established, and maintained the conflict with varying success until they achieved their purpose. In the course of the struggle they opposed the Bishop’s claims by every means, but, | because of the weight of evidence on his side, throughout the 14th and 15th centuries in vain, Not till the 16th century brought a | general attack upon the power of the Church did they gain any | measure of success; for complete freedom they had to wait till | the beginning of the 17th century, when at last they succeeded in | achieving self-government and freed themselves from the Bishop's | jurisdiction. | | The Lordship of the Bishops of Salisbury over the city of that name dates from the founding of the new city in 1220, when the ! see was transferred from Old to New Sarum,! and the building of the new Cathedral was begun. More precisely it may be dated | from the grant made in 1225 by Bishop Richard Poore? to the! citizens who had begun to settle at the new site; this grant was} subsequently confirmed by the Charter of King Henry III. dated January 30th, 1227.2 No such relationship between Bishop am 1 See below for note on these names. 2 Printed in the Tropenell Cartulary, ed. Davies, pp. 187—8. 3 Sarum Charters, Rolls Serves, ed. Jones & Macray, pp. 175—8. * Domesday, fol. 66a. between 1225 and 1612. 187 by the Bishop, but there is no mention of any borough, although, as Mr, Ballard points out, the Sheriff of Wilts accounted to the King for its third penny, and it had been the site of a pre-Conquest mint.t The area of the Bishops’ jurisdiction was 50 hides, and the seignorial franchises granted to them by the charters of subsequent kings were very extensive, as is clear from the long list of juris- dictional rights granted by King John.2 But none of these privileges, however advantageous to the Bishops’ tenants, were such as to imply a municipal organization. The right to hold a fair at Old Sarum annually for seven days:—‘“tres dies ante festum Sancte Marie Septembris et post festum tres dies et in die festi’’—was granted by Henry I.? “ad communam canonicorum Sar Heclesie,” and subsequently confirmed with many other grants by Henry II., but this was not granted to the Bishop at all. It would appear, nevertheless, that some municipal organization de- veloped at Old Sarum during the reigns following the Conquest and the settlement of the see at that place. Dr. Gross quotes from the Charter Rolls a grant of a gild merchant made directly to the Burgesses of Saresberie by King John in 1200, in which there is no mention of the Bishop. “Johannis Dei gratia, etc., Sciatis nos concessisse burgensibus nostris de Sarisbir’ ut habeant cam mercatoriam ad Sarisbir . . .* The charter refers also to charters granted by Henry IL. and Henry II. and appears therefore to be a confirmation of older rights, Thus it seems clear that in the older city, while the Bishop was 1 Ballard, Domesday Boroughs, pp. 10, 43, 120. *, Quoted in an inspeximus by H. III. S.C. pp. 178—80. See below. 3 Printed in B. & H. Appendix pp. 721—2 from Bp’s Records. Conf. of H. pin 7, I.C.R. 1. 1901, p. 368. 4 Guild Merchant, I1., p. 209. Dr. Gross’ references to the gild merchant in Salisbury appear to ignore the difference between the two cities. The illustrations given by him in Vol. II., pp. 209—10 are printed continuously as if referring to the same place. Thus the extract quoted above, which relates to Old Sarum, is immediately followed by a mention of the com- position of 1306 between the Bishop and the citizens of New Sarum, and a quotation of the clause in it which prescribed the first formation of a gild merchant in the younger city. But, as will be seen later, the two organi- sations were distinct and not continuous. The disputes about markets between Old and New Sarum recorded in the Hundred Rolls in 1274 (/7.&. II. 266 b), show that the city was not transferred as was the see. 188 The Relations of the Bishops and. Citizens of Salisbury lord of the soil and occasionally, as Sheriff of Wilts, custodian of | the castle! he was never lord of the city.. In the new city, subse- quently founded on his demesne and under his protection, his relationship with the citizens was naturally closer. The lordship of this new city was retained by successive Bishops, in spite of — repeated attempts of the citizens to free themselves, until 1612. In this year they succeeded in their endeavour, securing by charter from. James I., control of the city by its own officials, while the Bishop retained exclusive jurisdiction over the Close. NOTE ON THE NAME OF THE CITY. Throughout the preceding introduction, for the convenience of distinguishing between the old and new cities, the incorrect but commonly used forms, Old Sarum and New Sarum, have been employed. The error arose in the first place through confusion between the abbreviation Sax for the full name Saresberie or Sarisberiensis, and the regular contraction for the genitive plural ending “rum.” The form Sarum, or Sarrum, thus created became current in the course of the thirteenth century but was not adopted at any precise date as the regular name of the city, to be used in legal documents and upon official seals.2 Mr. R. L. Poole, in his Report on the Muniments of the Dean and Chapter of Salisbury,? points out that on the same documents in the 14th century are found the common seal of the city, “ nove civitatis Saresburie,” and we that of the mayoralty “majoris Sarrum”; thus both correct and incorrect forms were in use at the same time. Sarum or Sarrum when once in use, is treated as indeclinable but of varying gender. In the documents read for the purpose of this thesis it is most often construed as feminine singular, eg., “civitas Nove Sarum,’ which, as Mr. Poole notes, indicates the influence of the old “ civitas Nove Sar[esberie].” ‘BY #., p. 30. 2Numerous illustrations are given by Canon Wordsworth in Waltshire Notes and Queries, March, 1904, and by W. Clark- eae) | in the same publication, Dec., 1904. 3 Report of the Historical MSS. Commission, Vol. I., 1901, p. 342. between 1225 and 1612. ae 189 ‘The earliest instance found of expressed dissatisfaction with the current use of the form Sarum is that by the Rev. W. H. Jones in 1871,' but he throws no light upon the source of the error. This, however, was clearly explained by Mr. H. J. F, Swayne in 1886,? in the course of his researches into the Municipal Archives during his tenure of office as Recorder of the city. Il. THE FOUNDATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY. (A) Original Grants and their significance. The new City of Salisbury owed its creation to the Bishop on whose landit lay. The new Cathedral, founded by Bishop Richard Poore in 1220, was the determining cause of its growth. From the numerous legends which surround the story of the choice of its site one important fact emerges: the new Cathedral was built upon a portion of the Bishop’s own land. A 15th century copy of an older chronicle not now extant says :—“ predictus locus, qui jam est civitas, fuit unum maris® vocatum Merifield pro averiis pascendis et pertinens manerio de Mulford.* A more precise statement appears in Bishop Beauchamp’s Representation, made to the King in the course of his dispute with the citizens between 1465 and 1474; according to this the Cathedral was built upon | “a certayn voide ground, called Maryfield, parcell of the maner of Milford, of olde long tyme and at that tyme perteyning to the Bishop, as by right of his churche.”® In 1274, the manor of the _ Bishop of Salisbury is described in the Hundred Rolls as “ maneria de Wodeford et Muleford,’® though in Domesday no land under these names is assigned to him.’ Hatcher suggested that the name of the manor was changed at some time unknown between 1Wilts Arch, Mag., XIII., November, 1871, pp. 49—50. 2 Gleanings from the Archives, No. 52, Introduction. Salisbury and Winchester Journal, Dec., 11th, 1886. $ Maris=marish or marsh. 4 7'.C., p. 185; Introd., pp. xix—xx. * Muniments of Bishop of Salisbury, in Diocesan Registry, Liber Niger, fol. 168a, Printed in B. & HW. p. 164. cele. 2790, od. 1: 1274. 7 Domesday fol. 66a. 190 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury these two dates,’ but of this no evidence is available. In any case the Bishop’s possession of it was not questioned; this is clear from the subsequent grants made by him to the citizens and by the King to him.? The removal of the see and founding of the new Cathedral in- evitably led to the growth of population round the new centre.* Workmen engaged upon the task of building the church, pilgrims attracted by the special indulgences attached to it, and tradesmen to supply the needs of the growing community must rapidly have gathered and formed the nucleus of a thriving city. On March 25th, 1225, the Bishop defined the position of these new settlers on his land by granting tenements of a specified size at a regular rent, “ liberis civibus nostris de nova civitate nostra Sarum.’* Hach holder of a plot measuring seven perches in length and three in breadth was to pay twelve pence annually, sixpence at Haster and sixpence at Michaelmas, and holders of more or less than this in proportion. This rent was to be a quit rent “ pro omnibus serviciis et demandis.” Further, the nature of the tenure and the powers which it conferred were specified: “Ita, videlicet, quod, presente ballivo nostro, liceat ipsis et heredibus suis tenuram suam [or, tenementum suum] dare, vendere, et obligare cui voluerint preter- quam ecclesiis et domibus religiosis.” The term “burgage” is not here applied to the tenure created, the phrase used throughout 7) being “liberum tenementum ”; it was, however, generally applied in subsequent royal charters, eg., that of Henry IIL, Jan. 30th, | 1227.2 The characteristics of the tenure, as described in the | Bishop’s grant, were clearly those which distinguished burgage tenure, namely, a fixed money rent for all services and complete freedom of gift, sale, and mortgage° Nothing was said of liberty 1B. and H., p. 41. 7 See below. 3 1-C.. palsb: 4See 7.C.; pp. 187—8, for whole charter. Slightly different text, from which one alternative rendering appears in square brackets above, is given in Appendix to B. and H., p. 728, from Liber Evidentiarum in Bishop’s | Records. PSC naan Qa: 6 Ballard’s Borough Charters, p. xliv. Pollock and Maitland, Hzstory | of English Law, vol. I., pp. 295—6. Morley de Wolf Hemmeon, Burgage | Tenurein Mediaeval England, p. 5. between 1225 and 1612. 191 of devise, and the only restraint on this mentioned in the Compo- sition between the Bishop and citizens in 1306 was the regulation that wills must be exhibited in court to ensure that no bequest should place land in mortmain.! This was quite in accordance with the terms of the foundation charter quoted above and probably recorded what had become the established practice in Salisbury as in most other 13th century boroughs.? On the whole, in respect of this question of burgage tenure, Salisbury falls into the class which Dr. Hemmeon describes as “ charter-created, twelve-penny, baronial boroughs,”? and therefore finds less interesting than earlier cases in which the gradual development of such tenure may be studied. Of the list of burgage rents which he gives, forty-one out of one hundred are at twelve pence per annum, which thus seems the most usual rent for such a charter-created borough+ Mr. Ballard’s collection of Borough Charters belonging to the period immediately preceding the creation of New Salisbury affords many close parallels. Thus Swansea, Cardiff, Tewkesbury, and Okehampton,° show an annual rent of twelve pence; Drogheda, Pontefract, and Burton-on-Trent® have an arrangement for half- yearly payments of sixpence, Similarly, the precise measurement of the plots granted is sometimes specified, as at Burton-on-Trent and Stratford-on-Avon.’ The last-named charter, like that of Salisbury, is the grant of a Bishop, John de Constantiis. Again, the right to give, sell, or mortgage the tenement appears in most of these charters, with the same prohibition of transfer to religious persons or communities.? The Salisbury charter does not, however, mention sale dues, as do those of several other boroughs,® but the stipulation that valid sale could only take place in the presence of the Bishop’s Bailiff may possibly have had the same practical result. Having thus established a new city upon his land, the Bishop proceeded to secure from the King various rights and franchises for its use and advantage, and at the same time a recognition of ‘See Section IIT. B. ? Bateson’s Borough Customs, Vol. II., pp. exviii—ix. © [Bi IP NOs Te 4 B.T., pp. 67—70. > B.B.C., pp. 44—8. ° B.B.C., pp. 48—9. 7 Ibid, p. 51 and footnote. S Ibid, pp. 64—8. ° B.B.C., pp. 65—7; 70—71. Also B.T., p. 54. Coe LO (ets. Lew De OA: Nota ps 18h: 192 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury his position and claims as lord, He procured two new charters from Henry III., who had from the first taken a personal interest in the founding of the new Cathedral, and also an inspeximus and confirmation by the same King of a charter a to a former Bishop by King John. The first, dated January 30th, 1227, confirmed “ episcopo, suisque successoribus, et canonicis ejusdem ecclesiae et hominibus suis, omnes libertates et liberas consuetudines quas babuerunt tem- poribus praedecessorum nostrorum regum Angliae.”! New grants were then added decreeing that “locus ille qui dicitur Nova Sarisberia sit libera civitas in perpetuum,’? and that its citizens should have all liberties and quittances as held by the men of Winchester and the usual freedom from tolls and customs through all the King’s demesnes. The Bishop’s rights were amply recog- nized and increased. He was given power to enclose the city with a ditch “et teneant in perpetuum sicut proprium dominicum suum,” saving the King’s rights of advowson and custody during the vacancy of the see, One clause in his grant to the citizens received confirmation, namely the prohibition of the alienation of their tenements to Churches or religious houses “sine licentia et voluntate praedicti episcopi et successorum suorum.” Power was given him to make or change ways and bridges and to hold an annual fair; the date fixed for this, from the vigil of the Assumption (August 15th) to the morrow of the octave,’ is different from the date of the fair granted by Henry I. to Old Sarum, which was to extend from three days before the Nativity of the Virgin (Sept. 8th) to three days after that feast,* another indication that the two cities were quite distinct. Both the privileges just mentioned were such as to increase the trading facilities of the city and make it prosperous and wealthy. That this should prove to the ad- vantage of the Bishop no less than of his citizens was secured by the grant of power to take tallage or reasonable aid from the citizens whenever the King should take a tallage of his demesnes. On March 22nd of the same year, 1227, the Bishop secured also 1§.C.,"p. 176. 2 '§.C., p. 175—8, for full text of charter. 37.e,, August 14th to 23rd. 4 2.¢., Sept. 5th to 11th. between 1225 and 1612. 193 from the King an inspeximus and confirmation of the charter of King John! which had granted to the Bishop and his successors extensive franchises, such as: “omnes terras et possessiones suas et tenementa sua ubique, cum socca et sak, thol et them, et in- fangethef et utfangethe[f], etc.” “soluta libere et quiete de omnibus geldis et danegeldis et hydagiis et carucagiis, auxiliis, placitis, querelis, summonitionibus, scyris, hundredis, et sectis scyrarum et hundredorum, de misericordiis comitatum et hundred- orum, de murdris et latrociniis, et de auxiliis vicecomitum, forest- ariorum et ballivorum eorum, et de aliis omnibus ad eos pertinen- tibus et de custodiis et operationibus castellorum et wardpeny et averpeny et thething peny, et hengwite et flemenswite, leyrwite, blodwyte, fizthwyte, et grithbreche et fremensfrith et forstall et hamsok et herfare et de francoplegio, ita tamen quod visus franci- plegii fiat in curia episcopi coram serviente nostro. Ht si aliqua misericordia vel forisfactura inde pervenerit episcopus eam habeat: Et sint quieti et homines sui de thelonio et pontagio, passagio, paavio et lestagio, stallagio, cariagio, pannagio et omni alia consuetudine per totam terram nostram.” Thus extensive rights of jurisdiction were secured to the Bishop aud wide exemption from tolls was confirmed to his men as such; the view of frankpledge, however, could only be held in this court by a royal official,” though in other of the Bishop’s franchises, such as the Hundreds of Ramsbury and Underditch, in 1255 he held this jurisdiction also: “sine Vicecomiti ex antiqua libertate.” 3 Another fresh charter was’ granted at the same time, dated March 28rd, 1227.4. This was a grant to the Bishop of amerce- ments from various sources with the sole exception of those arising from the pleas of the crown, and of full power to distrain for the said amercements, and seize the chattels of those condemned, “quando ballivi nostri, si catalla illa ad nos pertinerent, ea in manu nostra seysire possent et deberent.”’ Finally provision was made against the lapse of any liberty 1 Sarum Charters, pp.. 178—80. * History of English Law—Pollock and Maitland, I., 578. S Ja llien CRM os MOA) 0) 4 §.¢., pp. 180—182. 194 The felations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury claimed by the Bishop through breach of continuity or disuse, in the following clause: “Praeterea concessimus saepedicto episcopo et successoribus suis, quod licet processu temporis aliqua libertatum eis a nobis concessarum, quocunque casu contingente, usi non fuerint, ea nihilominus libertate praedicta utantur absque omni contra- dictione, non obstante eo quod aliquo casu contingente ea usi non fuerint.” At the trial of the dispute between Bishop and citizens in 1305, this clause proved of decisive importance and was held to cover not only the various liberties enumerated in this charter but also all liberties and privileges granted to the Bishop in the two previously quoted. In none of these foundation charters is there any grant of or reference to a municipalorganization ;the King’s grant of franchises and liberties is made to Bishop, Dean and Chapter, and their men, while the Bishop’s grant relates only to conditions of tenure. It is obvious that the development of some kind of organization in the community was inevitable, and the indications of this during the eighty years after 1225 must be traced. As much was due to the fostering care of the Bishop as to the energy of the citizens themselves; their co-operation is a marked feature of this period. (B) Traces of early Municipal Orgamezation. There is little positive evidence to show the nature of the re- lations between successive Bishops and their citizens from the date of these foundation charters until the dispute over tallage in 1302—6, but what there is indicates peaceful growth and the co- operation of both parties in developing the commercial possibilities of the new site. It is also clear that some kind of municipal organization, involving the appointment of the usual officials, had arisen at least by the middle of this period. The situation of the city, and its proximity to the river, as well as the presence of the Cathedral in its midst,? made it a much better centre for trade than Old Sarum had been. Rapid 1 See below, Section III. A. 2 See long list of indulgences given in an article by Canon Wordsworth, in Wilts Arch. Mag., xxxviil., 15. between 1225 and 1612. 195 increase of buildings was possible in the level plain round the Cathedral, and this was encouraged and regulated by the allotment of measured places in accordance with Bishop Poore’s grant. Bishop Bingham (1229—1247) built a bridge over the Avon, to the south of the Cathedral, which connected the city with the main road from Old Sarum to Dorchester.!. This gave the city increased opportunities of trade, which were promptly taken. Bishop Walter de la Wyle (1263—1274) procured a grant of another annual fair, of eight days’ duration, by charter of May drd, 1270,? and it is evident from the complaints made by the neighbouring towns of Old Sarum and Wilton in 1274, that additional markets not sanctioned by any charter had also been held; both these facts prove the increasing popularity of the new city as a commercial centre. No question as to the Bishop’s lordship seems to have arisen ; the statement of the jurors who represented the city in 1274— “veredictum civitatis Novarum Sarum ”—is quite clear as to his claim: “ Dicunt quod episcopus Sarum tenet civitatem Sarum cum Suis pertinenciis de domino Rege in capite pertinentem ad baroniam suam et est capitale manerium tocius baronie.” * In 1281 there was some question as to the extent of his franchises but solely from the King’s point of view; his right to the assize of bread and ale and to a gallows was allowed,but his claim to entertain actions “de vetito namio ” was questioned.® Possibly this accounts * Custody of this new bridge at Harnham was given by the Bishop to the Dean and Chapter on May 3lst, 1244. See the Cartulary of S Nicholas’ Hospital, ed. for the Wilts Record Soc. by Canon Wordsworth in 1902, p. 23. 2GA., No. 27, Oct. 25th, 1884, with correction of Hatcher’s date as given Sb. & H. App., p. 736. The original cannot now be found among JZ.C.S., but the charter is extant in Rot. Cart.54 H.III.,memb: 9. The fair was to be on the vigil, feast, and morrow of St. Remigius and five days following, _-4.¢., Sept. 30th to Oct. 7th, inclusive. 3 H.R. I1., 266b, 280 b. 4 R. IL, 266 a. ® Placita de Quo Warranto; Record Comm. Edn. p.801b. Cognisance of cases of unlawful distraint was a regality very rarely granted to a mesne lord; see P. & Mf, vol. II., p. 577. The jurors of 1274 had said: “‘ Episcopus Sarr’ tenet placita de vetito namio et habet furcas et assisas panis et cervisie et hoc per cartam Regis ut credunt.” (H.R. II., 268a.) But this _ particular right does not seem to have been specifically named in any RS XXXIX,—NO. CXXIV. O j \ \ 1 196 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury for the precaution taken by the next Bishop of securing from Edward J, in 1285 an inspeximus and confirmation of his previous grants. There is little evidence to show the working of the Bishop’s court in this period; no early court rolls are extant.2, The compo- sition of 1306 repeatedly refers to the usual practice and reads as if it were a record of this rather than a set of original regulations.® It mentions the City Domesday,* an enrolment of deeds which had been produced or witnessed in court, but the volumes of this still extant belong to a later period.© Of the mass of wills and conveyances which are to be found among the muniments of the corporation, very few date from the period before 1306. One will exists,® that of William Pinnock, dated 1270, but this is endorsed only in reference to its probate in the ecclesiastical court of the Subdean. Later wills have at least two endorsements, the first relating to probate in the Subdean’s court as above, the last re- cording their production in the Bishop’s court before his Bailiff and the Mayor.’ There is thus nothing to prove that this last custom may not have dated from the time of the Composition of 1306, but | it seems highly improbable that this was so. The prohibition of | transfers to religious houses in Bishop Poore’s charter® would charter. It has been impossible to find the final decision on the point. | The case was adjourned to Exeter, whither the justices were proceeding, | but there the Bishop sent an excuse. The next adjournment was to Easter | of the next year. “Coram Domino Rege ubicumque fuerit in Anglia.” (Assize Roll 185.) 1 Rot. Cart., 13 #. L,, Memb. 24. The original is in the Cathedral Library | and is ceyeloemedl in H.W. C.R.I., 1901, p. 385. Here the dates appear to | have been confused, and that of the chatter of Henry III., which is con- | firmed, is given as Jan. 13th, 1227, whereas it is rightly given in the charter | as Jan. 30th, 11 H. III. The date of the confirmation is June 12th 13 E. I. | It was produced at the trial in 1305 and enrolled with the other evidences | offered. See below, and references there given. 2'The earliest fragment belongs to the reign of Queen Elizabeth; AH.J/. CO [R VN ps 191. a 3 See below, and note especially Art. 5. 4 7.C., p. 194, Art. 15: | 5’ HFM.C.R. IV., p. 191. The index of deeds goes back to 1317, but the | actual enrolments only to 1357. } © Muniments of the Corporation of Salisbury ; Drawer W., No. 1.) — Translated in G.A., No. 38, Sept. 26th, 1885. a3 7 See numerous translations in G.A., Nos. 7, 9, 35, 41. 8 See above. between 1225 and 1612. 197 probably have made it as necessary to exhibit wills publicly in court as to perform conveyances there, and the reference to the City Domesday! as already in existence in 1306 strengthens the supposition. Two conveyances belonging to the period before 1306 are in ex- istence among the municipal archives and are valuable evidence of the transactions in the Bishop’s court at that time as well as of its composition. One is a conveyance by Radulph Farlip dated 1290, the other a conveyance by William le Marreis dated 1303.2 The latter may be quoted as a good example of transactions in court just before the formal record of its rules. It exhibits the joint action of husband and wife, the form of transfer and the witness and seal of the Mayor ; it also gives evidence of the officials who were essential members of the court before the dispute had arisen. “Sciant presentes et futuri quod ego Willelmus dictus le Marreis Cementarius et civis Nove Sar’ de assensu voluntate et consensu Agathe uxoris mee tune mecum in plena curia dicte Civitatis personaliter competentis et concedentis dedi concessi et hoe presenti carta mea confirmavi Henrico Baudry civi dicte civi- tatis pro quatuor marcis sterlingorum in ipsis manibus solutis unam schoppam cum Solario desuper illam eee eae. Reddendo inde annuatim eidem capitali domino duos denarios argenti ad terminos in dicte civitatis statutos pro omni servicio seculari exaccione et demanda salvis debitis et usitatis consuetudini- bus ad predictam civitatem appertantibus. 2 Ht ad majorem hujus rei securitatem dicto Henrico et He varus suis et suis assignatis faciendam sigillum majoritatis civitatis pre- dicte presenti scripto personaliter apponi procuravi. Huis testibus Ricardo de Lutegareshall seniore tune maiore Sar’ Johanne Lestute et Philippo Aubin tunc coronatoribus Simone de Exonia et Ricardo de Christi ecclesia tunc prepositis Sar’ etc. Datum Sar’ die dominica in festo Sancti Dunstani Archiepiscopi (May 19) Anno regni regis Edwardi tricesimo primo.” Ba snl 4a Ne bee tion 7 M.C.S., No.1, Drawer T. GA. No. 28, Nov. 15th, 1884. 3 M.C.S., No.1, Drawer E. G.A. No. 31, Jan. 31st, 1885. ay ee 198 The Relations of the Bishops and Crtizens of Salisbury The seal remains, though broken, and shows clearly the words “ Majoris Sarrum.” Deeds of this kind are, moreover, specially important as evidence of the existence of officials acting on behalf of the community before the formal record of their functions and mode of appointment in 1306. Of the several discrepant lists of Mayors which are to be found among the Corporation muniments, none goes back to this period, and the earliest mention of a Mayor of New Sarum is that found by Hatcher among the witnesses to the deed of foundation of the College de Valle in 1261, namely Reginald de Wych.t Hatcher gives a list of twelve Mayors between 1261 and 1303, but, as a rule, without references.2, The two conveyances mentioned above both give the names not only of a Mayor, but also of two — “ prepositi,” or reeves, and of one or two coroners; that of Radulph de Farlip gives also the name of the then Bailiff and places it first — in the list. A similar group of officials is named in several docu- | ments among the muniments of the Bishop and of the Dean and | Chapter. It is thus quite clear that these six officials were | regularly in existence before 1306 and that the rules then set down did not originate the municipal organization, but recorded the | established practice, as indeed they clearly state. Finally, the | trial of 1305, shortly to be related, shows that not ouly was the office of the Mayoralty in existence and officially recognized, but : that a common seal belonging to the community in its corporate |7 capacity was in use, as well as that of the Mayor.°® | Thus, by the time of the first great conflict with the Bishop, the | city had attained the status of an organised community and was | recognised as such by the highest court in the land, though ib | could show no precise grant as a basis for the position of its officials. | II].—FoRMULATION OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE CITY. (A) ZLallage Controversy, 1802—6. : Until early in the fourteenth century no difficulties or conflicts | 18.C., p. 336. 2 B. & H., Appendix, p. 695. 3'§.C., pp. 342, 351; H.ILC.£#., 1., pp. 345—6. TO. PyLOl Ath. 5 See below. ? between 1225 and 1612. 199 arose between successive Bishops and their citizens of Salisbury. Both parties profited by the growth of the city in extent and wealth, and both seem to have been satisfied with their respective shares in this prosperity. The first conflict broke out in 1302, when the reigning Bishop desired to exercise the right of tallage conferred upon him by the charter of Henry III.1; the citizens objected that this had never before been done and refused to pay. The matter was tried before the King and his Council after the close of the session of Parliament in 1305.2 The trial is recorded, with the writs and documents cited and the arguments put forward by either side, in the Parliament Roll for February 28th, 1305, ed. by F. W. Maitland, in the Rolls Series.? This gives a somewhat more complete and accurate version than the compilation in Ryley’s Placita Parliamentaria, which was apparently used by Benson and Hatcher in their History of Old and New Sarum,* but there is no discrepancy as to the main facts of the case. The contention of the citizens, put forward by their accredited attorneys, Philip Aubyn,® Henry Lespecer (sitting M.P.s in this Parliament),° John de Braundeston and Henry Lisewiz,’ was that the payments made annually for each tenement according to Bishop Poore’s grant acquitted them of all services and demands; in evidence of this they produced his charter, and pleaded in addition that they had never been tallaged before, and therefore ought not to be tallaged now. The Bishop (Simon de Gandavo) based his Claim on the two charters of Henry IIL, already discussed’—the first, dated Jan. 30th, 1227, plainly granting the right of tallage— the second, dated March 23rd, 1227, including the special proviso that no lapse of time nor non-usage should destroy any franchise _ possessed by him in virtue of a royal grant. He urged also that ' See above. . 2 F. W. Maitland—Introd. to Records of Parl., Feb. 28th, 1305, p. xviii. —“Tt is clear that in this case the trial did not take place until the assembly of the estates had been dissolved.” 3 R.P. pp. 265—79. = IB owy Jobe (0s Uy ee orC., p. 189) gives Aulyn. © Introd. to A.P. p. exx. 7 Deed of attorney printed in 7.C. 190—1, gives Lorewiz. 8 See above. 200 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury the citizens’ claim to various liberties and quittances depended upon these same charters ; these they were willing to acknowledge, as had been recently seen in their care to procure and use in their own behalf the confirmation granted to the Bishop in 1285. This confirmation, and also the two original charters cited by the Bishop, were enrolled with these pleadings and appear at the end of the account of this trial.1 The view put forward by the Bishop was endorsed by the judgment of the court, and the citizens were thereupon commanded by the King to pay tallage to the Bishop on this occasion on account of the advantages that they had received through the King’s charters granted to the Bishop in the past. Two of the King’s officials, Richard of Abyndon and Henry of Cobham, were assigned to assess and collect this tallage and pay it over to the Bishop. For the future the citizens were given a choice of two alterna- tives; either they might retain their accustomed liberties with the | accompanying burden of tallage at the will of the Bishop; or, in order to avoid tallage, they might renounce all their liberties | forthwith. They chose the second alternative, or rather their | Mayor and attorneys did so for them, without any consultation | with the community, as the preamble to the subsequent recon- | ciliation with the Bishop asserts.2 In any case, the Mayor and | attorneys, whether supported or not by the opinion and approval . 'R.P., pp. 278—9. Apparently the citizens also had a copy which must | have been restored to them afterwards; it is enumerated in Swayne’s list | of charters, G_A., No. 27, Oct. 25th, 1884, and is now among the Corporation | Muniments. | 2 7.C., p. 190. This preamble purports to express the views of the loyal | party, over-ridden at the time of the trial by a factious minority which | deliberately exceeded the power of attorney granted for the purpose of the | trial. This is quoted in &.P., p. 266; “Et ad lucrandum vel. perdendum | in loquela praedicta, et etiam ad omnia alia facienda nomine suo et nostro | quae de jure secundum legem et consuetudinem regni Angliae in hac parte | fuerit facienda et quae facere deberemus seu possemus si presentes essemus. ”| But the agreement to which this preamble belongs was drawn up when the | citizens had submitted to the Bishop, and under the guidance of a mediator | appointed for that purpose by him. (Z.C., pp. 190, 198—9). Its tone)” throughout seems to indicate that the view it expresses was that of the| ecclesiastical lord or rather the view which he felt the citizens ought to; hold. (See Section III. B. for further quotations from it.) | between 1225 and 1612. 201 of their community, were its accredited representatives in court, and their decision to renounce the liberties it had formerly enjoyed was accepted as decisive. On April 6th, 1305, they formally surrendered the Mayoralty of the city “ per manus Ricardi de Lutgareshale tunc majoris ibidem,”! and he and the attorneys formally renounced the liberties which they had enjoyed by virtue of the charter and confirmation just exhibited. They found also six sureties to undertake that they would, during the coming Easter, surrender the actual copy of the confirmation of 1285 and their common seal, the token of their corporate existence. ‘Thereupon the Bishop was enjoined to make no further claim upon them except for the rents of the “places ” as laid down in the grant of Bishop Poore, and this one tallage adjudged to him by the court. From a memorandum in Bishop Beauchamp’s Liber Niger, a copy of a miscellaneous collection of episcopal rights made under his direction from 1448 onwards,” it appears that the citizens resisted the payment of the tallage adjudged to the Bishop by removing their goods from the city; consequently the Sheriff of Wilts was directed, by a writ dated May 27th, 33 E. I. (1305), to see that the task assigned to the two collectors was effectively accomplished.® The consequences of this renunciation of privileges was extremely serious for the growing city. Since all their trading privileges had depended upon grants to the Bishop in which they had now no right to participate, they had left to them their holdings in the city as tenants according to Bishop Poore’s grant, but none of the commercial advantages which rendered them valuable. Their annual fairs and weekly markets, their freedom from tolls and customs throughout the realm were all lost. Possibly they did not lose such protection as the Bishop’s court afforded them, since as his tenants they would still have to perform their “ rationabilis secta.’ But their own corporate organization, so far as it had Clie on, FO NOY 2M.B.S. Diocesan Registry. Liber Mager, fol. 9. See H.ILC.R., IV., 1907, p. 7, for description of this book. SIN et Ole 9a) 202 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury developed, wasdissolved by the surrender of the Mayoralty and the common seal, Thus, as the preamble to the subsequent reconcilia- tion with the Bishop expressed it: “Tune non cives effecti set libertatum prerogativis nudati, per tempus aliquod fuimus in derisum omni populo et canticum eorum tota die.” ! After a year of this state of things, a considerable number of the citizens submitted to the Bishop on April Ist, 13067; disputed points were to be settled by a conference between their repre- sentatives and a mediator appointed by the Bishop, and they bound themselves in £100 to accept the articles of reconciliation so drawn up. Their submission was promptly responded to by the Bishop, who procured from the King on May 28th, 1506, a restoration of the privileges renounced and a confirmation of all former liberties to the citizens as his men; for this the citizens had to pay a fine of £40 and in it the Bishop's right of tallage was explicitly set forth.? He then assigned to Master Walter Hervy, — Canon of the Cathedral and Archdeacon of Sarum, the task of | directing the citizens in drawing up an agreement which should define the position for the future and put on record the mutual rights and duties of them and their lord: “faciendo, ordinando, mandando et exequendo ulterius in hac parte quod, experta vestra diligencia, Deo, nobis, ecclesie nostre supradicte, et predictis clvibus, conveniens fuerit et honestum.” # At the same time the Bishop sent a letter to the citizens com- mending Master Walter Hervy to them for the purpose mentioned and enjoining them to follow his counsel.° Later, when affairs | had been settled and the citizens had recovered their common seal aud the office of the Mayoralty, they appended the seals of the | Community and of the Mayoralty to this letter, which ratification | of 1b was dated August 25th, 1306.6 | Tal, a NSO: : 2 L.W., fol. 26 (a) and (b) ; ninety names are given, but the final ratification | was made by a much larger number, three hundred and three, probably | because there was considerable danger in remaining outside. bh 3 Calendar of Charter Rolls, 34 E.I.,mem.5. Hatcher gives the date | wrongly as May 8th in his account of the matter; B. & Z., p. 77. 4 Letter of authority to Master W. Hervy: 7'.C., pp. 198—9. 5 Letter to Citizens: 7'.C., p. 199. 6 Note and witnessses to sealing: 7.C., p. 199. a = between 1225 and 1612. 203 (B) Composition between the Bishop and the Citizens. The articles of agreement are twenty-eight in number and are printed in full in the first volume of the Tropenell Cartulary with the letters and preamble already quoted.!. The form in which they are drawn up is that of a letter from the then Mayor, Reginald de Toudeworth, and the Community of the city, announcing the previous quarrel and present agreement made by those who had submitted. The general tone of the preamble is best illustrated by quotation :—*Filios enutrivit et exaltavit reverenda mater nostra Sarum ecclesia, quos olim ab angusto Augusti Burgo [a<., the old city] ad spacium amenitatis, campum qui [que in MS.] nune Nova Sarum vocatur, translata, in loco illo, quaemadmodum gallina sub alas congregat pullos suos, diligentissime congregavit ; procurans et obtinens a celebris memorie domino Henrico tercio | locum illum, ut nomen consonum rei foret, amenam et liberam fieri civitatem: Ipsosque filios suos in ea cives decerni, multiplicibus libertatum prerogativis decorari, et ex exempcionum titulis a Deo communiri, ut cives illos genus electum populum adquisicionis, ac civitatem illam multipliciter gloriosam, publice predicabant labia populorum, felicemque se dicebat qui in ea civis meruit decerni, et ipsorum civium setu [ve costu, MS. setum] congregatus sub proteccione prefate ecclesie libertatum [et] ex- empcionum fieri particeps predictarum.”? It then describes the refusal to pay tallage: “quod ecclesie matrici sue predicte prestare debebant, sibi cervice superba reddere recusantes”2; and the sub- sequent judgment of the King’s Council and the renunciation of liberties. Lastly it recounts the submission of the citizens in unqualified terms: “Verum nos qui residui fuimus ex premissis ruinam nostram pariter et dispercionem aperte cernentes, ad miseriam nostram nuper reversi predictam, nos supradicto domino nostro Symoni episcopo, sponso ecclesie supradicte, pure, sponte, Simpliciter et absolute submittentes, sibi humiliter supph- eee a nee eR ES 9 dS Mees She SR ee Pa PS) '7.C., 189—198. An original, framed, is among the muniments of the Corporation. aC, py 189. 204 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury cavimus et devote, ut circa nos et statum nostrum secundum conscienciam suam faceret, disponeret et eciam ordinaret prout melius viderit expedire, promittentes bona fide quod quicquid in — hac parte duxerit ordinandum faceremus extune imperpetuum pro nostris viribus firmiter observari.” ! 3 The tone of the whole document, with its representation of the conflict as the rebellion of a party of the citizens against their spiritual mother, shows that “fruitful confusion of the terms ecclesiastical and religious” which Mrs. Green has noted as char- acteristic of the policy of ecclesiastical lords in such contentions as to their rights.2 The dutiful terms in which the submission is couched and the phraseology of many of the articles? show the Bishop’s view of the citizens’ proper attitude; the many practical provisions for his effective control of them also show his view of the relationship, as detailed analysis will prove. It will be convenient to group the twenty-eight articles for discussion in relation to the Bishop’s claims in the following matters :— 1. The Tenure of Burgages. The Appointment and Duties of Officers. The Administration of Justice. The Assessment of Taxation. The Regulation of Trade. Such division does not entirely exclude overlapping, but is designed to bring order into the somewhat heterogeneous list of matters discussed and agreed upon between the citizens and the Bishop’s deputy. Ore go bo 1. The Tenwre of Burgages within the city was perhaps the matter least in dispute, as appears from the agreement of both + SEG. Os ISO, * Town Life in the Fifteenth Century, Vol. L., p. 278. Date of original charter on p. 281 is incorrect. 37.0.,p.191. Clausel,“‘. . . . . prefato domino nostro episcopo; suisque successoribus debitam subjectionem et reverenciam deinceps ex- hibentes,” p. 194. Clause 17,‘‘. . . . . quamdiu ad eum et ecclesiam suam Sarum nos et concives nostri reverenter nos habuerimus ac devote.” between 1225 and 1612. 205 parties about it at the time of the trial in 1305.1 The first article of the composition of 1306 acknowledges the binding force of the regulations laid down in the Charter of Bishop Poore in 1225.” Care is taken to safeguard the Bishop’s rights over unallotted land, to provide that the creation of new tenements should be within his competence, and that additional rents thence arising should accrue to the revenue of his church? Similar power over the allotment of stalls or places in the market is claimed for the | Bishop by Clause 16; no such stall could henceforth be occupied without payment of a due to the lord (usually called stallage), and formal delivery by steward or bailiff This was a natural corollary of the Bishop’s double claim as lord of the soil and also of the market, granted by the King to him for the use of his citizens.” Other articles define the customs to be followed in the matter of the bequest and transference of tenements. Thus by Article 6, wills which bequeathed tenements were, before execution, to be exhibited in the Bishop’s court to ensure that no tenement should come into mortmain, directly or indirectly.® » Prohibition of any transference of tenements within the city to churches or religious houses was included in the original charter of Bishop Poore, 1225, and confirmed by the royal charter of January 30th, 1227.7 Since these dates, the Statute De Viris Religiosis, 1279, had given this customary prohibition general force and at the same time made it more explicit. The prohibition implied by Article 6 is expressed in these more general terms, forbidding the alienation of tenements not merely to religious houses but in mortmain generally. This widening of the reference of the prohibition was of consideralle importance to the Mayor and community in the fifteenth century, when by the Statute of 1391,° mortmain was held to apply not only ‘See &.P., pp. 267—9. 2 T.C., p. 187—8. SIO 10, NOM = ING -.50, WOE, Sa Cura on laid °7.C., p. 192,“ . . . . quod per aliqua legata tenementum aliquod in manum mortuam non veniat, nec in aliqua prestacione annua que idem Sonat in effectum, per legatum hujusmodi vel. testamentum, aliqualiter oneretur.” ‘See above. ® Stubbs’ Select Charters, 9th ed., pp. 451—2. 9 Statutes at Large, 15 R. II., Cap. VI. (1762). 206 The Kelations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salsbury to religious but to all other corporate bodies, such as gilds and municipalities. The endorsements of the numerous wills which are preserved among the Muniments of the Corporation, or enrolled in the City Domesday, bear witness to this customary exhibition of them in the Bishop’s court; the endorsements invariably give the names of the officials present, chief being the Bailiff and the Mayor, and state that seisin or administration was given there of the tenements bequeathed. Reasons for believing this to be a record of established custom have already been given.? The regularity of the double endorsement, 2.¢., by the ecclesiastical and manorial courts, serves to indicate that no conflict over probate arose here between the two jurisdictions, as was sometimes the case between ecclesiastical aud ordinary borough courts over the claims of the latter to probate.? Possibly this was because the manorial lord was himself an ec- clesiastic. In any case, the ecclesiastical court, or courts in some cases, acted first and the manorial court last.* 1It is difficult to see how Dr. Hemmeon can maintain the distinction which he draws between the extent of the prohibition in 1225—7 andin | 1306 respectively. According to his interpretation (Burgage Tenure in | Medieval England, Note 1, p. 126, and again on p. 147) the agreement of 1306 limited the cases in which the Bishop’s prohibition held good. Ap- parently he interprets the first grant of leave to give, sell, or mortgage by view of the bailiff as a general prohibition of all transfers without licence and argues that this later emphasis on mortmain implies the surrender of the rest. But Art. 18, next to be considered, shows that the insistence upon the public transfer which involved acknowledgment of the Bishop’s lordship was still maintained. Benson & Hatcher’s Old and New Sarum, which Dr. Hemmeon gives ag his authority, does not include the text of the articles but gives a fullsummary. In another case also Dr. Hemmeon appears to have confused matters given quite clearly in that book ; thus, in Note 5, p. 147, he describes the royal charter of 1227 as ‘“‘an adjustment by the King of the disputes between the Bishop and the burgesses” which did not arise till 1305. 2 See above, Section II. B., and references there given. 3 B.C. pp. CXXXV1ll.—Cxxx1x. a * See the four endorsements of the will of Richard Pynnok, 1311, given | by Swayne in G.A., No. 9, Oct. 27th, 1883. The will was proved successively before officials of the Subdean, of the Archdeacon, of the Prebendary of Combe and Harnham, and finally before Bailiff and Mayor. Original is in U.C.S., No. 5, Drawer W. between 1225 and 1612. 207 Article 18 describes the regular procedure to be followed at the transference of a tenement in the Bishop’s court. The title being read, the outgoing tenant was to surrender his right to the lord, aud the incoming tenant to receive it from the Steward or Bailiff upon taking his oath of fealty. When these formalities had been complied with, the incoming tenant was to be given seisin and corporal possession at the hands of the Mayor and officers of the city. As conveyances of the preceding period are in existence to prove that the practice of public transfer dates from before 1306, this article may be taken as a record of established custom rather than the creation of a new system. Public delivery of seisin in this fashion was the normal procedure of the borough courts.* Nothing is said here of any sale dues, of which several instances in other boroughs are given by Mr. Ballard* and Dr. Hemmeon’ ; the latter found these most common in mesne boroughs, where | they formed usually a perquisite of the lord, but no evidence has _ been found of such a practice at Salisbury, In later centuries the profits of the court there, under the name of “ Green Wax Money,” were among the Bishop’s most valued rights,° retained in commuted | form when his jurisdiction had ceased to be effective’; but these | profits were composed of fines and amercements and the name was probably taken from the Exchequer name for estreats of fines | issued thence for the guidance of sheriffs and bailiffs.® | Article 27 describes the rights ofwidows and widowers respectively | : fee .C. p. 195, Art. 18, ° lecto ibidem titulo perquirentis reddat dimittens domino jus, et perquirens illud statim ibidem recipiat a senescallo vel ballivo, et prestito domino fidelitatis juramento, ducatur per majorem | et ministros in seisinam et possessionem corporalem tenementi taliter perquisiti.” * See above, Section IT. B. 3 B.C., Vol. IL., pp. exv.—exvii. *B.B.C., pp. 66—7, Lostwithiel, Pontefract, Okehampton; pp. 70—1, Whitby, Egremont, Eynsham, BLD. OA: ®See Bishop Coldwell’s grievances, printed in 5. & H.,p. 303, from ‘document in bundle at Diocesan Registry, described in H.1/.C.R., IV., p. 12, and in Bibliography. | _ ' Bishop Seth Ward’s Liber Notitiae, pp 60—1;in UBS. See HILC.R., | LV., pp. 9—10. 8 Wharton’s Law Lexicon. Paston Letters, No. 689 and note. | } If | 208 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury in the matter of tenements which had formerly been held jointly by husband and wife. Detailed comment is unnecessary here as no new light is thrown by this clause upon the question of the Bishop’s claims and rights.1_ But the fact that the names of twelve women, of whom five are described as widows, occur in the list of - signatories to this composition, is another indication of its character as a codification of existing custom. This seems to be generally true of the articles relating to tenure, a matter necessarily first to be defined in the city’s development. On the whole the Bishop’s rights in this respect were those normally claimed by a mesne lord, 2. The Appointment and Duties of Officers were more de- bateable matters, and, in spite of the precise way in which the position of the Mayor is dealt with in these articles, it was a subject of perpetually recurring controversy.” There is evidence that most of the officials who appear in the earliest ledgers as annually elected,® viz., the Mayor, two “pre- positi,” and four aldermen, date from the period before this composition. Examples of the mention of the Mayor and “ pre- positi” in earlier deeds have already been given.* The division of the city into four aldermanries before 1306 is indicated by the — grouping of the citizens’ names in the list of those who took part | in this composition®; mention of these divisions also occurs in Article 14, which deals with the assessment of taxation on the basis of this grouping.© Article 13 mentions aldermen as well as servitors’ as among the influential persons of the city but the 1 7.C.,p.197. The article is interesting in itself; it asserts the privilege | of retaining the tenement for life, in spite of re-marriage and without con- | ditions as to the birth of children, equally for either partner. That this | was unusual is clear from B.C., II., Section on the “ Curtesy of England,” pp. evii—cviii., 112—114, and section on “ Free Bench,” pp. evii. 120—9. 2 See below, Sections IV., (A) and (C). 3 See below. * See above. 5 List is printed in B. & H., Appendix, pp. 742—3, from Reg. Rubrum in | the Diocesan Registry: an original, framed, is among J.C.S. The four aldermanries were named :—de Novo Vico, de Foro, de 8. Martino, de Prato. | °7.C., pp.193—4: ““ . . .« . exqualibet aldremanrias, eligantur per | omnes aldremanrias.” | 77.C., p. 193,“ . . . . im presencia servitorum, aldremannorum et | aliorum fide digna.” between 1225 and 1612. 209 Composition makes no statement as to their numbers, duties,or mode of election. The Composition puts on record for the first time the rights of election possessed by the citizens, the power of rati- fication claimed by the Bishop, and the position and powers of the Mayor and the Bishop’s officials respectively. Article 2 declares the citizens’ right of choosing their Mayor ; ? they might continue the same man in office® or choose another as they pleased, and then had to present him to the Bishop’s Steward or Bailiff to be sworn in and admitted to his office. This is said to be the custom already in existence.* The rest of the article carefully defines the Mayor’s position as inferior both to the Steward and the Bailiff of the Bishop.® This is illustrated by the care taken in later articles to secure precedence for the Steward and Bailiff, and also by the order in which the names and titles of officers of the court appear on the endorsements of wills and in _ lists of witnesses to conveyances. In the case of these documents the order is not invariable; three have been found in which the usual order is inverted and the Mayor put before the Bailiff ;® one | 1 The first clear statement as to their duties is that in Bishop Beauchamp’s | Representation, Z.N., fol. 166 b, printed in B. & H., p. 172; they were | mainly judicial—to present offences and collect fines. mie... p. 191, “ majorem prehabitum, vel alium ex nobis si _ voluerimus, eligere et senescallo vel, eo absente, ballivo, ut | consuevit fierl, presentare.” ’This is the only intelligible meaning which can be assigned to “ pre- habitum’”’; the word is unusual and appears to be formed by analogy with '| such words as “prefatus,’” “ predictus,” etc. This interpretation is | Supported by the custom as seen working later, e.g., John Aport was Mayor for four consecutive years, from 1466—1470. (See below, Section IV. B). | 4 No copy of the Mayor’s oath is extant before Bishop Beauchamp’s time. ' SeeiSection IV. (B), on his controversy with the citizens over it. | mee; p. 191, \“ qui, cum admissus fuerit et juratus de officio | majoritatis fideliter exequendo, sciens se senescallo aut ballivo predictis non | preesse, set pocius subesse ita suum exequatur officium sicut | eoOrum noverit consensui convenire.”’ ' *(a) U.C.8S., No. 18, Drawer W.—Will of Mariona Tanner; trans. by | Swayne. Old Times and Customs, S. & W. Journal, June 6th, 1885. (4) M.C.S., No. 9, Drawer A.—Conveyance by Wm. Ashleigh ; G.A., 43, January 28rd, 1886. } (c) Indenture of M. Godmanstone, G.A., 41. Nov. 21st, 1885. | | 210 The Relations of the bishops and Citizens of Salisbury occurs without tbe Bailiff’s name,! as if in his absence the Mayor had presided over the court. Article 3 provides for the choosing of an undefined number of | “servientes eb ministri” in the same manner as the Mayor, and for the community’s responsibility for them throughout their term of office? Failure in duty or contempt of the Bishop or his men was to be punishable by a fine which the community was bound to make up if the defaulting official should be unable to do so. Among these “ ministri” were probably included the four aldermen already referred to and the two “prepositi”’: that these last were in ex- existence before 1306 has already been shown, though the sole reference to their functions in these articles is in connection with the taking of distraints.? As to the “servientes,” definite par- ticulars are here given, There were to be two servitors on behalf of the city and a third chosen by the Bishop to superintend the others, ¢g., in collecting amercements* For this official, his j stipend, and his deeds, the Bishop was to be solely responsible, and this stipulation is repeated in article 8,° which deals with the amercements to be received by him. Similarly, the Bishop was to appoint one of the three citizens who kept the keys of the chest _| containing the City Domesday and the common seal.® ; Several of the duties of the Mayor and officers are enumerated in these articles. Article 4 lays down that the Mayor and other | ministers, probably the aldermen, “ prepositi,” and “servientes,” | must attend the Bishop’s court every fortnight while the rest of | the citizens need only do so on special occasions.’ Articles 12 and | 13 describe the manner in which distraints and pledges were to be | 1 Grant by Richard Pynnok, G.A., 40, Nov. 7th, 1885. ILE les O10, NS, | 3 Here again the earliest description extant is that in Bishop Beauchamp’s | representation (Z.W., fol. 166 b, printed in B. & H., p. 172). Their duty was | to collect the Bishop’s rents, hence possibly the importance of their wit- | nessing transfers and bequests of property. The Corporation ledgers, as soon as they become readable, show annual | elections on the same day of Mayor, Aldermen, “ prepositi” ; and “servi- | entes.” See below. 4 7.C., pp. 191—2. PIU 0, US § 7.0, p.- 194, Arte ian 7 7C., p. 192. between 1225 and 1612. PA kept under lock and key in the custody of the Mayor until they were offered for sale in court, and, if not sold, handed over to the Bishop’s receivers. Article 14 assigns to the Mayor and ministers the duty of arranging for the assessment of taxation “cum pro iminenti necessitate civitatis Sarum predicte communem oporteat facere colectam,” 2.¢., probably when a tallage was demanded by the Bishop. But strict rules as to warning and awaiting the Steward and Bailiff are given and provision is made for local assessment within each aldermanry, so that little save the duty of setting all this machinery in motion was left for the Mayor? In the regular business of the assize of bread, Bailiff and Mayor seem to have been on an equality ; they might act jointly or individually. Finally, any charge for this by the officers, or any other sort of fee, was forbidden by Articles 24 and 26, though free gifts of victual were specifically allowed.’ It is clear throughout that the Mayor’s position was entirely ' subordinate to that of the Bishop’s officials, though in practice his co-operation with them was essential to the orderly government of ' thecity. It is not surprising that in most of the later controversies the Mayor’s oath and independent powers should be among the | chief subjects of dispute.* | 3. The Administration of Justice was one of the Bishop’s most | valuable and important rights, as the tenor of his original charters has already shown. His jurisdiction was apparently well es- | | tablished, so that the rather vague and general statement of Article 5 was sufficient recognition of its normal course;® but the com- ‘position deals with a miscellaneous collection of matters which | presumably needed precise definition, and thus throws light on the DOS hss _ ?7.C., pp. 193—4, “premunire teneamur senescallum, vel, eo absente, | ballivam ut intersint si voluerint,vel saltem clericum manerli ad hoe mittant, et antequam faciamus aliquid in hac parte ipsos per triduum expectare.” ac. p. 197.. Art, 24, Art. 26: 4 See Section IV. (A) and (c). 5 See above, and charters in full in S.C., pp. 175—182. | °T.C., p. 192. “Item quod placita illa que de sui natura, consueverunt eb possunt in dicta curia placitari, ibidem deinceps placitentur secundum quod consueverunt, et preoptata libertas exigit et requirit.” | VOL, XXXIX,—NO. CXXIV. P ) 212 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury general character of the court. The question of suit appears in Article 4, the first which deals with jurisdiction. Here it is laid down that the usual duty of the ordinary citizens was only to at- tend the court twice a year at the view of frankpledge. On two other occasions, however, they were bound to afforce the court ; first, when any case lay there touching the King’s peace or arising out of a royal writ ; secondly, whenever their regular representatives there, the Mayor and ministers, should be unable or unwilling to proceed to judgment.! From this Article two important conclusions may be drawn. First, that the citizens were bound to fulfil the usual “ racionabilis secta,’ due from tenants of a manorial court wheu no special bargain for periodic service had been made? Secondly, that the Mayor and ministers, though subordinate to the Bishop’s officials, were necessary members of the regular fortnightly courts. The somewhat obscure article 7 seems to be designed to safeguard the Bailiffs position and powers.? The competence of the court appears from several articles to have been both varied and extensive. Under the heading of Tenure, various matters relating to the transfer and bequest of tenements have already been dealt with. These must have formed a considerable portion of the business of the court ; civil actions between tenants would also generally he there as in any court baron. It is clear, however, that the court had more than this ordinary manorial jurisdiction; it had control over the assizes of bread, ale, and wine,* and power to punish by amercement offenders 17.C., p. 192, “ . . . . nec sectam facere ultra duas vices in anno, que vocatur visus franciplegii, nisi forte breve domini regis placitabile pendeat in curia predicta, vel habeatur placitum de prisonis, vel agatur | aliis de pace domini regis attingenda, et nisi major et alii ministri, qui de | quindena in quindenam ad curiam predictam venire tenentur, noluerint aut | non possint in placitis hujusmodi, aut aliis, procedere et judicia inde reddere | cum effectu.” 2 Maitland, Select Pleas in Man. Courts; Introd., xlvili—xlix. 3“ Ttem quod retornum brevis alicujus non exigatur a ballivo per majorem |~ vel alios, set tantum preceptum.” TZ.C., p. 192. The translation given in | 7T.C., Summary of Contents, xlvi., appears inadmissible, viz., that no return of writ be required of the Mayor or others by the bailiff, etc.” BE 47.C., pp. 193, 197; Arts. 11, 24, 25. For good illustration of normal |~ action see H.1.C.F.. 1V., pp. 204—5, from Ledger B., fol. 71. | iy ¥ a between 1225 and 1612. 213 against these, forestallers and regraters, and any persons who broke the rules governing the sale of provisions within the city.1_ Twice a year the view of frankpledge was to be held in the court,” though, as appears from the charter of 1227,? in the presence of a royal official, Nor was this the only case in which the King’s justice was to be done in the Bishop’s court. Article 4, already noted, makes it clear that pleas of the crown might lie there also. Further, since the city was already, through its fairs and markets, a centreof considerable trade and therefore frequented by merchants. provision was made for the administration of the Law Merchant also by the Bishop’s court. By Article 10 pleas of trespass, con- tracts, and personal actions were to be dealt with by the speedy procedure of the courts of pie powder; this was to be used not only for actions between outsiders but also in cases between out- siders and residents so that the latter also might benefit by its promptitude.t Two chief characteristics of the procedure of the Law Merchant are noted by Mr. Mitchell. One was the speedy procedure; the other the action of a jury of merchants to declare the law. Examples appear in the Records of the Fair of St, Ives® and the Pie Powder Court of the Bishop of Norwich.’ It would appear by analogy with these, that the court at Salisbury was probably held as usual by the Bailiff and Mayor; but it would _ sit from day to day as necessary, instead of fortnightly, and give judgment in accordance with the verdict of such a special jury The liberties of the citizens of Salisbury in fairs and markets outside their own city might be safeguarded by the presence of an attorney on their behalf, but special leave of the lord or his officers 17.C,, pp. 195—6, Art. 19. 2 7.C., p. 192; Art. 4. See above. 2 SGha 10. WI, Ley a OU In 0s i Titeh, *T.C., p. 192—3: “ Item quod tam in placitis transgressionum, quam eciam contractum etaccionum personalium,ubi pars una est intranea et alia extranea placitetur, de cetero et judicia reddantur, ac execucioni man- dentur, ea celeritate, modo, et forma quibus fieri debet et solet ubi ambe partes fuerint extranee, que pepouderous communiter appellantur.” 5 Mitchell, The Law Merchant, p. 12; pp. 72—3. 6 Maitland, Sel. Pleas in Man. Courts, pp. 142, 149. 7 Gross, Select Cases on the Law Merchant, Vol. I., pp. 126—9. 2 BGs IAL, 0, IEA pee 214 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury was necessary before such a representative might be employed in pleas of their own! Such pleas, as has been already seen, were to be pleaded in the Bishop’s court, and there the persons concerned would be expected to appear in person. To sum up, the Bishop had evidently a seignorial court with wide powers; it exercised not only the civil jurisdiction of the court baron but also the criminal jurisdiction of the leet; it could act.as a court of franchise and a court of pie powder. For the city, it took the place of a borough court or portmanmote,such as was char- acteristic of boroughs not subject to a manorial lord, As against out- side jurisdiction, the citizens lost little by this, since the Bishop’s court, by charter quit of shires and hundreds,? was just as much a “jurisdictional oasis ” as if it had been a self-sufficing borough court. In relation to the Bishop their subordinate position was very clearly indicated by the form and jurisdiction of the court. The officials who held it were the Bishop’s; its jurisdiction over all cases within the city was unmistakeably defined ; its amercements had been handed over to him by the charter of 1227 and the value of this privilege was such as to ensure that no lapse or neglect would be suffered. Later we shall see the citizens attempting to secure freedom from the Bishop’s jurisdiction by attempting to compound for these profits, among other payments, at a feefarm rent. 4. The Assessment of Taxation is dealt with minutely by Article 14. The language used at the beginning of the article is perfectly general, but 16 appears towards the end that the collection of tallage is the matter specially in mind;* this is borne out by the strict provision for the presence and information of the Bishop’s officials. The procedure laid down was as follows: first, notice of the proposed assessment and collection was to be sent to theBishop’s | officials and a delay of three days made in order that either the | Steward, Bailiff, or at least the Clerk of the manor, might be present* Next, on their arrival, or after the specified delay, in TLE AT, 9; De Oe 2 8.C., p. 179. 37.C., pp. 193—4. ‘Item cum pro iminenti necessitate civitatis Sarum predicte communem oporteat facere colectam” . . . . “tallagium hujusmodi, cum de bonis nostris fieri debeat.” ats . . premunire teneamur senescallum vel, eo absente, ballivum, ut faite tat si voluerint, vel saltem clericum manerii ad hoc mittant.” between 1225 and 1612. 215 their absence, the inhabitants of the four aldermanries were to be assembled to elect four assessors to adjudge on oath each man’s capacity to pay, who should be, in their turn, so adjudyed by four others. It appears that these assessors were also to be collectors, and were to render full account of their doings to twelve others in presence of the Bishop’s officials.1 The Corporation Ledgers, however, as soon as they become legible, show that from the 15th century onwards the regular plan was to elect eight assessors, two from each ward, and four collectors.2, This was probably a natural consequence of the increased population of the city, by that time one of the wealthiest and most populous in the realm.? Finally, | the assessments were to be recorded on a three-fold roll, one copy ! apiece being kept by the taxers, the Mayor, and the Steward re- | spectively, in case any complaint or dispute should arise. One phrase seems to indicate the possibility of discussion and | consent by the community to the levy of tallage,* but the Bishop’s right in the matter had been so clearly vindicated in the recent | trial that no doubt could remain as to his power to tallage at will. _ The reference more probably was to taxing for some other common | purpose, since the term tallage was applicable also to such a levy.® l The phrase “reasonable aid” occurs in the charters and in the | report of the trial as alternative with tallage,° but there is no indication of any claim to consent. | 5. The Regulation of Trade is dealt with in several clauses and in considerable detail. The particular interest governing most of these regulations seems to have been the victualling of the city. | a I | 17.C., pp. 193—4. Hatcher says (B. and H., p. 76), that these four col- | lectors were to be chosen by the Aldermen, but this seems impossible and | probably founded on a misreading of the MSS. The copy in J/.C.S. has an _ alteration here which makes it obscure, but the version of 7.C’. agrees with | that in the Diocesan Registry which Hatcher probably used. 2 M.0.8. Ledger A.; fol. 84b is earliest legible, dated 9 H. V. _ For wealth, see enormous fines payable in 1395—below, Section IV., A. _ For population, see Oman, Great Revolt, Appendix, pp. 163 and 165. Petit- _ Dutaillis, Introd. to Réville, Le Soulévement des Travailleurs, xlii. 47C., p.194: “. . . . Proviso quod cum necessitas taliter talliandi -communiter fuerit approbata.” | Serand MiyN ols 1, ps 663: 6 See above, Section III. A. Also &.P., pp. 268—9. 216 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury Other trades and crafts within it would no doubt come under the regulation of the merchant gild now created, but the quantity and quality of food and drink and other necessities available more nearly concerned the interests of the Bishop, The usual assizes of bread, ale, and wine have been already dealt with in connection with jurisdiction; other matters of commercial importance also come under that section, such as the safe-keeping and redemption of distraints and pledges and the summary procedure necessary in commercial actions. Articles 19 to 23 inclusive deal with the sale of ordinary ne- cessities in such a way as not only to protect the whole body of consumers in the city by the prohibition of forestalling and re- grating, but especially to give the households of the Bishop and Canons a right of pre-emption in their daily marketing. Only this last point is interesting from the present point of view. The safeguarding of the rights of all residents to share in the purchase of victual was a normal borough custom. The general rule which emerges from these articles was that no purchase of goods for the purposes of retail trade was to be made till after the hour of prime (6 a.m.)? in order that the inhabitants of the city might buy freely for their needs. During this period precedence was to be given to~ those of superior rank, following the order in which precedence was given in royal charters*; thus the Bishop and his household, the Dean and Canons, and their households, would all have the right of buying for their ordinary needs before the mass of the citizens. Article 17 deals with toll,—not with the matter of freedom from tolls elsewhere, which was fully granted to the citizens by the 17.C., pp. 196—7, Art. 28; “. . . . si concurrant ad hoc ministmmmy domini episcopi, canonicorum, et civium, ita et eodem ordine inferiores | superioribus deferant in emendo usque ad horam predictam, quo ordine | per cartam domini regis sunt libertates quas obtinent assecuti.” bese Oise Le aya bie ’ Hatcher translates 1 o’clock, which is impossible ; the phrase is: ‘‘ Ante | horam diei primam in ecclesia cathedrali pulsatam.” 4 As for example in Charter of Jan. 30th, 1227: ‘“‘ concessisse : venerabili patri Ricardo ejusdem loci episcopo, suisque successoribus, et | canonicis ejusdem ecclesiz et hominibus suis, omnes libertates etc.” | S.C., p. 176 between 1225 and 1612. Dali charter of Jan. 30th, 1227,1—but with the city tolls due to the Bishop as lord. By this article exemption from such tolls was granted to all dutiful and reverent citizens who had submitted themselves to the Bishop at the time of this composition. But the Bishop’s full right to take toll, should he choose to do so in future, and the nature of this exemption asa special “gracia et supersessio, ” are clearly stated so as to maintain the Bishop’s full powers and to secure an acknowledgment of these from the citizens.” The same limitation of privilege to the citizens who should have made full submission to the Bishop appears also in the final article 28, which prescribes the formation of a gild merchant. The actual list of three hundred and three names is appended to the original copy in the Muniments of the Corporation and appears also in the copy in the Bishop’s Records from which Hatcher printed it? It is much longer than the list of those who originally made submission,* but the reason why more submissions were made, possibly during the negotiations, is obvious. All trading and other privileges within the city were to be confined to those who should thus submit and form the original gild, and to those whom they, the Mayor, and the Bishop should subsequently admit as members thereof. Those who, having shared in the renunciation of the Bishop’s authority in 1305, should still persist in their re- bellious attitude were to be entirely excluded; even those who, SCP. linG: 27'C., pp. 194—5, Art. 17; “Quod exaccio tolnetisive theolonii in dicta civitate, a loci civibus levanda, de sua supersedeatur gracia speciali quamdiu ad eum et ecclesiain suam Sarum nos et concives nostri reverenter nos habuerimus ac devote: ita tamen quod per hujusmodi permissionem et supersessionem nullum ecclesie sue supradicte sibi aut successoribus suis, —ullis unquam temporibus, prejudicium generetur, nec nobis aut concivibus nostris predictis exinde crescat vel proveniat immunitas vel. contradiccio ”? > 3B. & H., p. 743, from Liber Evidentiarum in Diocesan Registry ; Cor- poration copy is framed among JZ.C.S. 4 See above, Section II., A. > 7.C., p. 198, Art.28. “. . . . durante rebellione sua, a contractibus hujusmodi, empcionibus quibuscunque contractibus eciam mercatoriis, et in civitate ipsa consiliis et officiis publicis,nostraque communitate,segregatis penitus et ammotis.”’ 218 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury having formerly rebelled, were now willing to submit, were con- sidered, at least for a time, ineligible for public office, though they might share in private liberties.* The predominance of the Bishop is shown also in the division made of the profits arising from the entrance fees of new members of the gild ; half was to go to the Bishop, a quarter to the community, aud the remaining quarter was to be divided between the Mayor and the Bailiff. Thus of thewhole, three-eighths only was secured to the city and its own officials.2 No gild officials are mentioned and no distinction seems to have been made between the government of the gild and that of the city; in fact hardly any mention of the gild appears in the regular records of the borough except in its social and religious aspect as the Confraternity of S. George? But this probably means that from the time of this composition the municipal and gild organisations were identical; the narrow governing body, which we shall see acting for the city both in co- operation and conflict with the Bishop, was probably formed by co-option from among those admitted to the gild.4 Here, therefore, we have a case of identification where the name even of the gild seems to have been very little used, and the “ Mayor and Commi- nalty” or the “ Mayor and his Brethren” were the usual phrases employed to describe the corporate body. The gild organisation at any rate, while permitted and enjoined by the ecclesiastical lord, seems to have been intended by him as a means of controlling the community.° Nevertheless it proved in practice, as Mrs, Green suggested, a rallying point in the struggle for freedom.® The last item in the composition was an unreserved promise of faithful adherence to all the articles, on the part of the citizens, their heirs and successors ; they bound themselves to pay a penalty of a hundred shillings for any infringement by the Mayor and 17.C., pp. 197—8 Art.28. “. . . Illivero quilibertatibus renunciaverint predictis, et ante confeccionem presencium sese domino submiserint, licet publica non exerceant hac occasione in dicta civitate officia, nec ad communes admittantur fortassis tractatus, in dicta tamen Gilda existant, et libertatibus gaudeant predictis, ratione submissionis sue predicte.” UENO Oy ETc 3B. & H., p. 79 and Ledgers passim. 4 See below. 5 G.M,, I., p. 90—2. OT LTT, p95 between 1225 and 1612. 219 Community, and to suffer amercement at the will of the Bishop for any breach by an individual citizen. Failure to submit to such penalty was also to carry with it loss of status in the community until submission should secure restoration. It is quite clear, from this survey of the Articles of the Compo- sition of 1306, that the Bishop emerged victorious from the first conflict with his citizens. His legal rights were fully recognised by the highest tribunal in the land, and also by the voluntary acknowledgment of the citizens themselves. Economic necessity had forced them to realise that the position of citizens of a mesne borough was better than the entire loss of municipal organisation aud privileges, But they never completely reconciled themselves to the limitations imposed by this agreement; they seized every opportunity during the next three centuries to attempt the re- pudiation of the Bishop’s control, though when this proved con- venient, they were ready to claim his jurisdiction and assert his power. On all occasions of strife, the comprehensive and precise recognition of the Bishop’s position involved in the articles just examined was to prove an effective weapon in his hands. No amount of ingenuity on the part of the citizens or their counsel could explain away its precise statements and the record of their assent. They had acknowledged the Bishop’s claims as lord of the soil and the complete jurisdiction of his court; they had agreed that their officers were clearly inferior to those of the Bishop in every official act. Their commercial privileges were dependent on his grant, regulated by his will, and shared only by his loyal subjects; finally, the profits thereby accruing to the city and increased by the labour of the citizens were to be shared by him when he should so choose. To make assurance doubly sure, the charter of 1306 was con- firmed by the next King, Edward IL, on December 15th, 1315, with a special clause to safeguard the Bishop, canons, and citizens against lapse of right by non-user, and yet another weekly market and another annual fair were added to the city’s privileges. "Rot. Cart. 9 E. II., mem. 14. The fair was to last from the vigil of the | Annunciation to the morrow of the octave, z.e., March 24th to April 2nd ; | the market was to be held every Saturday. 220 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury (C) Municipal Constitution from 1306—1465, No radical changes in the constitution of the city took place in- this period, but there was a good deal of natural and necessary de- velopment owing to the increased amount and complexity of the business to be transacted. The chief evidence of this is to be found in the Ledgers or Minute-Books of the Community, which form a complete series from the end of the fourteenth century onwards, The first, Ledger A, has unfortunately been rendered almost entirely illegible by water since the fire of 1780. As soon as it becomes legible, it affords evidence of the regular annual election of the principal officers on All Souls’ Day (Nov. 2nd): the election of the Mayor, two “ Prepositi,” four Aldermen, one for each ward, and two “Servientes ad clavam,” (or Serjeants-at-mace), can first be seen in the 7th year of Henry V. (1406) These elections continued annually until the controversy of the citizens with Bishop Beauchamp, during which there were several irregularities, from 1465 onwards,” until the controversy closed in 1474. When the conflict was over, the regular elections were recorded as before, from the 14th year of Edward IV., 1474, but not those of the “ prepositi,” who never again appear among the officers of the city.* The Ledgers also afford some indication of the nature of the body which performed these elections and held regular convo-— cations, as they were called, for the despatch of business. It was composed of two groups, known as the Twenty-Four and the Forty- Hight respectively. Their numbers appear to have been recruited by co-option,—the Twenty-Four from among the members of the Forty-Hight,* and the latter presumably from among such burgesses as had been formally admitted to the Gild Merchant. The officials seem to have been chosen exclusively from among the members of the Twenty-Four,® but apparently both groups acted together for the election and also for the conduct of ordinary 1M.C.S. Ledger A., fol. 68 a. * M.C.S., Ledger B, fol. 80 b, shows election of Mayor only. 3 See Section IV. B. for details and references. 4 See Ledgers A and B, passem, and compare G.A. No. 3, Jan. 6th, 1883. > See Ledgers, passem. ———— — between 1225 and 1612. 221 business. The nature of this and its steadily increasing amount and importance throughout the centuries covered by this thesis is clearly visible in the Ledgers. They show the bulk of it to have been concerned with the management of corporate property, the necessary government and defence of the city, and the making of regulations for its industry and trade,! Occasional business of a more national character, such as the election of Members of Par- liament, or the furnishing of assistance to the King in the form of men or money, also occurs, generally with a copy of the royal writ or mandate which initiated it. The names of those present are regularly recorded in the minutes under the date of each meeting, and the oath taken by members of the Twenty-Four appears at the beginning of Ledger B? It contains no reference whatever to the Bishop, but begins with a promise to be “good and trewe unto oure Soverayne Lord the Kynge and his heyres, Kynges of England, and to the Mayralte and Commonalte of the Cite of Newe Sarum.” The election of officials other than the nine already mentioned appears in the Ledgers less regularly. Two assessors and one collector for each of the four wards seem to have been elected when the collection of a tallage or other common tax had been decreed; the earliest instance legible was in the 9th year of Henry V2 Constables, also, generally two, were elected from time to time. No question of jurisdiction arises in respect of the various subordinate officials such as ale-tasters, minstrels, and others, hence no discussion of them is necessary. But some ac- count must be given of changes and developments in connection with officials charged with judicial and financial responsibility. The election of two Coroners must go back to the period before 1306, as these officials are frequently mentioned among the wit- nesses to deeds of that time.® Such elections are noted irregularly 1 See List of Regulations, 1408—1428, trans. in H.J/.C.R., IV., pp. 193-—5. 7M.C.S. Ledger B, fol. 2 b, out of place and bound as fol. 22. See H.M.C.R., 1V., p. 203. It appears to belong to the middle of the fifteenth century. 3 Ledger A., fol. 84 b. 4 Ledger A., fol. 90 b, and other entries. ®> See above, Section IT. B., and references there given. 222 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury in the Ledgers, as performed in consequence of a royal mandate? or an episcopal order. After the charter of Edward IV., 1462,7 the Bishop issued writs for this election. An acknowledgment of his rights in this matter occurs in the Ledgers ?; in 1495—6, “ William Webbe, Mayor of Sarum,and his brethren, your contynuall oratures aud tenants,” as they style themselves, petitioned the Bishop for leave to proceed to the election, because of the inconvenience caused to the city by the lack of Coroners. They say: “There should be 2 coroners inhabitantes withyn your Cyte and by actorite of your comaundement by your letters to us to be derectyd for to electe two such inhabitantes of grete substans so to be chosyn,” The right to appoint the Justices of the Peace for the city was given by the same grant and immediately and regularly exercised. A Commission dated 2 E. IV. was directed by the Bishop to a number of persons including “. . . , Johanni Wyse, maiori nostro Civitatis nostrae Sav’.”* Over this claim a good deal of later controversy developed.® Further development of the city’s activities and resources caused the creation of additional offices, and in some cases the leave of the Bishop was asked for this purpose. In 1367 the Bishop granted the citizens leave to take advantage of the permission given them by Henry IIL.® to enclose the city with a wall containing four gates. or the keeping of these gates, they might appoint annually four keepers, who, like other officers, were to be sworn before the Bishop’s Bailiff on their election.’ This permission was apparently 1 Asin 9 Hen. V. Ledger A., fol. 83 a. * Hatcher’s dates are more than usually confusing here; he speaks of a general confirmation of liberties on Feb. 20th, 1 E. IV., 7.e., 1462, and an additional grant of the important and unusual privilege of assigning Justices of the Peace and Coroners, which he dates Feb. 20th, 1466, 2.¢e., 5 EK. LV. As the Bishop appointed J.P.s in 1462 [see Commission of this year, Z./., fol. 30) the last date is obviously wrong. In the Patent Rolls 1 E. IV.,, Part VI., Memb. 12—9, there is a general confirmation dated Jan. 12th, 1462, and in the Charter Roll 1 E. IV., Part II., No. 92 appears the additional grant dated Feb. 20th in the same year. 3 Ledger B., fol. 194a. H.J/.C.R., LV., pp. 211—12. 4L.N., fol. 29b, 31a. Fol. 30 is a loose leaf. > See below. SAS .C, De lunes 7 Printed in B. and H., 745—6 from Wyville Register. The permission does not seem to have been made use of. between 1225 and 1612. 2 granted by the Bishop partly in right of his position as lord of the soil of the city, since a portion of this would be occupied by the wall and ditch; partly also in his capacity of grantee to whom in the first place the King’s charters had been addressed. At the same time the Bishop addressed a mandate to his Bailiff directing him to measure out the land required and safeguard the Bishop’s rights thereon. In matters which did not touch the Bishop’s rights and claims, however, the Community felt itself competent to appoint such additional officers as it thought necessary. In 1406 Henry IV. gave it leave to acquire lands in mortmain and in the succeeding years a good deal of property was accumulated.’ Probably for this reason in 1408—9 the Community decided to appoint two Chamberlains annually, “To receive the debts owing to the City, and to pay, do and discharge debts owing by the City, repairs of houses and all other the like matters touching the City.”? The accounts of these officials were to be supervised by a Comptroller and audited by the Mayor and others. The earliest record of the election of these Chamberlains appears in the Ledgers in the seventh year of Henry V.,? and two years later the election of Auditors is recorded also,* two from the Twenty-Four and two from the Forty-Eight, to act with the Mayor; there is no mention of a Comptroller except in the original proposal. These officials were elected and discharged at Michaelmas each year, as is clear from several rolls of their accounts, preserved among the Muni- ments of the Corporation.” Another official necessitated by the increasing business was a Clerk of the City, who appears to have been an important personage at least from the early part of the fifteenth century.® Thus the constitution of the city remained throughout the period much as it was in 1306, with such developments as were required 1 See below. 2 Jal ML Oe) ta, LIN 105 LEB 3 M.C.S., Ledger A., fol. 67. 4 M.C.S., Ledger A., fol. 83. °M.C.S., Box 3, Chamberlain’s Accounts. Several of them were translated by Mr. Swayne. See G.A., Nos. 12, 13, 14, and 16, published Jan. 6th, Feb, 9th, Feb. 16th, and March sth, 1884. ®° H.M.C.R., 1V., p. 194. He alone is to use the Mayor’s seal. 224 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury from time to time. Successive Bishops took care to safeguard their rights and claims over it and to secure additional powers when possible. Successive generations of citizens increased its strength and wealth and developed such opportunities of self- government as it possessed. TV.—LATER CONTROVERSIES. (A) Between 1806—1465. The history of the century and a half following the Composition of 1306 is not entirely peaceful, though it seems relatively so compared with the storms which preceded and followed it. It was scarcely possible that both Bishop and Community should develop their powers side by side without conflict, and it is not surprising that the orderly and peaceful growth of the city was thus from time to time interrupted. It is not till near the end of this period that the Ledgers afford much material, but there is sufficient proof that contests occurred. One notice of such a dispute, given by Merewether and Stephens,t may be at once dismissed as founded on a corrupt MS. of the Year-books. This is described as a conflict between Bishop and City which gave rise to a Writ of Nuisance in 1310. Maynard’s edition of the Year Books, which Merewether and Stephens used, was founded on a text which gave “Salesbir’” instead of “Salop ” as the expansion of Sal’. By collation with the other MSS. Mr. Turner has corrected this, in his edition of the Year Books for the Selden Society, and has shewn that the case in question arose be- tween the Abbot and Borough of Shrewsbury, and had nothing to do with Salisbury at all.? The first case of conflict after 1306 appears to bave arisen in 1344, though the nature and cause are uncertain; but on Dec. 3rd : of that year a Commission of Oyer and Terminer was issued? to | 1 Merewether and Stephens—Htstory of Boroughs—pp. 605—6. ! 2 Selden Society Publications, Vol. 26. Year-books of Edward IT., ed. | by G. J. Turner, pp. 93—7. The contraction used for Salisbury is always | Sar’; when the “1” is used it is in the full name. A similar confusion | appears in another case treated below. | 3 Cal. of Patent Rolls, 18 E. III., Part II., mem. 11d. between 1225 and 1612. 225 deal with a serious case of assault upon the Bishop’s Bailiff when in the act of holding pleas in the Gildhall of the City. The assault was committed by thirty-three persons, and directed deliberately to the hindrance of the jurisdiction of the court. The Bailiff was locked in, several suitors were prevented from attending, and the rolls and memoranda carried off, so that the action of the court was impeded for some time afterwards, to the great loss of the Bishop, Mr. Swayne associated with this case the pardon for a fine of 3,000 marks which he found among the muniments of the Cor- poration! In 1356, at the instance of the Bishop, King Edward ITI. remitted a fine of this amount to which the Community had been condemned by William de Thorpe and other justices of oyer and terminer for certain transgressions and contempts. But the list of six justices mentioned in the Commission above does not include Thorpe,” hence either the matter was carried further than the first trial or the two documents do not relate to the same case. If the latter is true there may possibly have been two outbreaks instead of one. It is evident from the pardon that the Bishop was willing to use his good offices for the city provided his rights over it were fully acknowledged. He took the precaution of securing con- firmation of his claims by a ratification of the Composition of 1306 by the King; probably this had been put forward as evidence at the trial of the case, and it appears in full in the Patent Rolls in #257." Salisbury does not appear to have been greatly affected by the _ Revolt of 1381, though the evidences collected by Réville show that there were disturbances in the city some months before; but his suggestion that the nature of this movement was a conflict between the governing oligarchy and the lesser citizens is mainly founded ‘Still among M.C.S. Printed in G.A., No, 11, Jan. 12th, 1884, with a _ few errors in transcription (Rogeri de Mortuz Mari, for Mortuo. Also in. | Rot. Pat. 18 E. III., Part- I1., memb. 16. Rote kate 18h. PE Part Meymem: 11d, 3 Rot. Pat., 31 E. III., Part I., mem. 5 and 6. 226 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury on a misreading which once again puts Salisbury for Shrewsbury+ There is no indication that the relations of the citizens with their — ecclesiastical lord formed the cause of the movement, as was the case in other cities in a similar position.? In the Commission of March 8th, 1382, appointing groups of persons in each locality to deal with the rising, the list for Salisbury begins with the Bishop and ends with the Mayor. Later in the reign of Richard II, however, a serious contest must have taken place. In 1395 the citizens were ordered by the King to enter into recognizances in very heavy sums—£2,000 to the King—£2,000 to the Bishop from the Mayor and Community —and £1,000 each from two hundred other citizens named in an appended schedule? These payments were to be exacted from them if they failed to obey the Bishop and his ministers, “ ratione Dominii sui ibidem et libertatum suarum a nobis et antecessoribus nostris praefato Episcopo praedecessoribus et successoribus suis episcopis Sar(esbiriae) concessarum”; also if they failed to assist his Court as their own articles bound them to do, or refused to suppress rebels or put down illicit conventicles or congregations, Here also the Composition of 1306 must have been put forward ; this is evident from the reference to the articles above. Another con- sequence of this struggle was probably the extensive confirmation of the Bishop’s rights which appears in the Charter Roll of 15—17 Richard II.*; here again appears the Composition of 1306, for the confirmation of it in 1357 referred to above was again recited in full. The friendliness which the citizens showed to Henry IV.? in 1399 may very well be due to resentment at this recent action of | Richard IL. and his Council. It was probably also cemented by 1 Réville, Le Soulévement des Travailleurs d’ Angleterre en 1381, ed. by Petit-Dutaillis, pp. 280—281, and Note 3. Reference given is to Rot. Pat. 4 R.I1., Part 2,mem.10d. In Calendar this is referred to Shrewsbury, and | in the original in the Record Office Salop in full is quite clear. There were no elected Bailiffs at Salisbury such as those mentioned in the passage. 2 Oman, Great Revolt of 1381, pp. 13—14. 3 Madox. Irma Burgi, p. 142 and note. 4 P.R.O. Rot. Cart.; 15—17, R. II., Charter 5. 5 See letter in Ledger A., fol. 52b; H.M.C.R., IV., pp. 192—3. between 1225 and 1612. DAT the gifts which the wealthy city was able to make to the penurious king.t No great conflict between Bishop and Community seems to have arisen under the Lancastrians, but the relations of Bishop William Ayscough with his citizens were unfriendly; the covetousness of which he was generally accused? comes out in his attempts to | 8 p —_ oe _ —— ~~ resume possession of tenements bequeathed to the Community.? The mob which murdered him at Edington in the course of Cade’s rebellion in 1450 is said to have been led by a Salisbury butcher.‘ Mr. Swayne suggests® that this episode explains an item in the Chamberlain's accounts for that year, which runs as follows :— “Hit xxS soluti Galfrido Ponyng pro suis expensis equitante London pro le quartier Johannis Mortemer proditoris; et 11% uii4 soluti uni homini portante dictum quartier.” © The history of the growth of the city’s corporate property shows an alternation of amicable co-operation and legal conflict between | the Bishop and the Community. In 1406, King Henry IV., whose relations with the city had from the first been friendly,’ gave it leave to hold land and tenements in mortmain to the value of 100 marks perannum. The considerations mentioned in the license were the payment of a fine of 100 marks and the fact that “due partes civitatis predicte in manibus spiritualium et forinsecorum et vix tertia pars 1n manibus civium ibi existentium per quod tidem | cives onera colleccionum et subsidiorum infra eandem civitatem | absque eorum gravi deterioracione sustinere nequeant, ut asserunt.’8 1 B. & H., p. 108—109. 2 DNB. 3 See Mortmain case, next to be treated. Sea oll. P- 129—30: °G. A., No. 13, Feb. 9th, 1884. | ° M.C.8., Roll No. 2, Box 3; Account of John Paunt and Ancelin Hebbing, 98—29 H. VI. 7 See above. § Rot. Pat. 7 H. [V., June Ist, Part I, Memb. 29. A copy of the license \is given in G.A., No. 5, March 10th, 1883, but with several important errors ‘in transcription, such as “‘tria partes” for “tertia pars,” which spoils the ‘sense, and “nostra colleccionem et subsidium ” for “onera colleccionum et Subsidiorum.” Mr. Swayne appears to have transcribed, not from the original license, but from a copy on the back of a certain Roll A which cannot now be found among V/.C.S. Mon. XXXIX.—NO. CXXIV. Q 228 = he relations of the bishops and Citizens of Salisbury The citizens were thus enabled to hold property in their cor- porate capacity and to apply the rents thereof to the city’s needs, provided such property came to them by way of gift, sale, or bequest, without damage or prejudice to the King’s rights and claims. The Bishop, Dean, and Chapter followed suit, granting similar permission to the city. Thus in 1412, Bishop Robert Hallam, with consent of the Dean and Chapter, gave leave to the city to acquire lands and tenements to the value of forty pounds per annum: “ad effectum quod status majoratus civitatis predicte melius et honorificencius manuteneri, ac cetera onera eidem civitati pro tempore incumbencia inter personas ejusdem civitatis pauperes, et in facultatibus exiles, levius et quiecius supportari valeant in futurum.” + The Community lost no time in putting these permissions into effect, and by various gifts and legacies amassed a considerable amount of valuable property within the city. Among the deeds translated by Mr. Swayne are several relating to such transfers, showing that at various times the Community benefited by all the three modes of acquisition named in Henry LV.’s charter.2 The Bede Roll of the Benefactors of the City occurs several times in the Ledgers, the fullest being that of 1493 with a few later ad- ditions;? the names of Henry IV. and Bishop Robert Hallam come first in this list.* 1 7.C., pp. 199—200. In G.A., No. 6, Ap. 21, 1883, Swayne gives some- what different version, but the Roll A, of which he speaks, cannot now be found. The version of 7.C. seems the better. 2 G_A., Nos. 28, 32, 40, 48, 44, 46; published Nov. 15th, 1884; Feb. 14th, Nov. 7th, 1885; Jan. 23rd, Feb. 13th, Ap. 24th, 1886. The translation of the Inquisition ad quod damnum in No. 32 is not quite correct as to the passage with the line through it. The original (M.C.S., Drawer L., No. 2) runs as, follows:—‘“ Et quod Episcopus ille tenet de domino Rege per fidelitatem tantum. Et quod non est aliquis medius inter dominum Regem | et prefatum Episcopum.”~ The last nine words are cancelled by a line | drawn through them and inserted above them runs the following: ‘sunt | plurimi medii inter prefatum Robertum, Will’, Joh’, Will’, Ric’,acdominum | Regem.” Either of these alternatives makes good sense, but Mr. Swayne’s translation confuses the two. 3 Ledger B., fol. 188; printed in G.A., No. 26, Oct. 11th, 1884. 4 AM.C.R., IV., p. 211. between 1225 and 1612. 229 Amicable co-operation of this kind between Bishop and Com- munity was not invariable, In 1466 the Mayor and Commonalty of Salisbury were cited before the Exchequer to show that they were not holding lands in mortmain contrary to the Statute of 1391.7 The tenements in question were given or bequeathed to the city after the date of Henry IV.’s licence of 1406, as appears from the dates recorded in the roll; five of them were given before the Bishop’s grant of permission in 1412, six of them after it, and twenty others unspecified are referred to, of which the donors and dates of gift were unknown. ‘The record shows that there had been several previous disputes in connection with portions of the property and two Bishops had entered upon the tenements bequeathed so as to prevent the Mayor and Community from taking possession, on the ground that they had been given contrary to statute. These were Bishop John Chandler in 1426 and Bishop Willian Ayscough in 1441 and 1443. In 1473, however, the Mayor and Community were able to acquit themselves and secure restitution of all their property by referring the court to the Exchequer records themselves. From these they were able to show that in 1462 they had procured from Edward IV. letters patent granting them a very comprehensive pardon, which specifically covered any such breach of the statutes of Mortmain as well as many other offences for which the community might have been penalised, No consideration is mentioned in the letters patent, but the Ledgers of the City show that the community had given the King much financial assistance in the early years of his reign.2 This probably explains how they had procured oblivion, not only for acts committed under Edward IV., but also in the time of King Henry “nuper de facto et non de jure Rex Angliae.” There is some reason for believing that this case was intimately connected with the dispute between the citizens and Bishop ‘Memda. Roll of King’s Remembrancer, 250. Michaelmas Term, 13 K.IV. Membrane xxxii. 7 Memda. Roll L.T.R., 240. Trinity Term 7 E. IV., Mem. xxviii. 3 Ledger B, passem. See H.U.C.4., IV., pp. 203—4. On 2 230 The relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury Beauchamp, from 1465—74, which is next to be described A breviat relating to a later controversy says that the accusation which gave rise to the mortmain case was made by Bishop Beauchamp, Much of this document consists of flat denials of the Bishop’s well-known rights so that little can be founded on its assertion alone.?, But a number of circumstances tend to corroborate this assertion. Bishop Beauchamp’s controversy with the citizens over the Mayor’s position, and especially over the question of the oath, began in 1465, and was terminated by agreement in 1474, The confirmation of his rights which the Bishop secured in the course of the struggle in 1472 is enrolled among these same Ex- chequer records in 1473,? and the contumacy of the last Mayor who refused to take the oath during this struggle came before the same court.* The mortmain case against the city and a concurrent attack upon John Aport, who was Mayor at the height of the strugele,® cover almost the same period. The Inquest upon these last two matters was held at Chippenham on Oct. 31st, 1466,° but by repeated postponements the cases were made to last out till 1473. The first postponement of a term, from Hilary to Easter, 1467, was due to the fact that the sheriff did not return the writ ; the next, of a year, till Easter, 1468, was given at the request of the citizens who then gave their reference to the Lord Treasurer’s Remembrancer’s Roll. But the subsequent delays were due to the Court, which desired time for deliberation. While they devoted 1 See Section IV. B. 2U.CS., Box 4, No. 48. ‘* That the same Bishop (z.e., Beauchamp) pro- cured an inquisition to be founde that moste parte of the towne lande was aliened in Mortmayne without license.” The precise date of this document is uncertain. It appears to consist of instructions to counsel in a case between the Bishop and the City, and, from its detailed treatment of the question of the oath, seems applicable to the quarrel with Coldwell between 1593—6; but it refers to Coldwell as “‘the last Bishop,” which would assign it rather to Cotton’s time. Possibly it was prepared for the case which was initiated by Quo Warranto and not finished when Coldwell died in 1596. The Community appointed two members to answer this on its behalf in 1597. (Ledger C., fol. 154.) 3 Memoranda Roll, K.R.R., 250 Mich. Term, 13 E. IV., Mem. V. 4 Ibid, 251, Easter Term, 14 E. IV., Mem. IX. 5 See below. 6 Memda. Roll, K.R.R. 250, Mich. Term, 13 E. IV., Mem. xxxii. between 1225 and 1612. 231 two more years to pondering the problem, the citizens tried to expedite matters by securing a writ from the King commanding compliance with his pardon already quoted and forbidding molest- tation of them. Still the Court delayed sentence by repeated adjournments, until finally in 1473, “habitaque matura delibera- tione,” they gave judgment in favour of the Community and in accordance with the King’s letters patent;+ the citizens thus regained not only their lands but also the rents and arrears which they had lost during the prolonged suit. But the depletion of their exchequer during their contest with the Bishop was, of course, of the highest importance, as will be seen. The same deputation from the city appears from the accounts to have dealt with both cases, but this was obviously a matter of convenience and economy.? The scribe who supplied to the City Clerk the transcript from rhe King’s Remembrancer’s Roll of the memorandum of the proceedings relative to the Mayor’s oath did it in such a way as to run the two cases together After tran. scribing the record for the Haster Term of 1474, and finding there a reference back to the Michaelmas Term of 1473, he completed his transcript with the conclusion of the Mortmain case recorded on Membrane xxxil. of that year instead of a reference to the enrolment of the letters patent given on Membrane v. Though he may not have been aware of the confusion, the clerk who copied his transcript into the Ledger must have seen it, and allowed it to stand, There is no statement in the cases against the community or John Aport that the Bishop was the complainant but in the former the statement of his rights is very fully and clearly given.* The complaint was that the citizens held a number of messuages within the city ; “ absque licencia predicti nuper Regis Henrici quarti aut 1Memda. Roll—L.T.R. 240. Trinity Term 7 E. IV. and successive postscripts. Mem. xxvili. 2 G.A., No. 16. Chamberlain’s account for 1473—4. March 8th. 1884. * Ledger Bb, ff., 173b, 174a. The reference given in H.U.C.R. IV. on p. 210 is thus a correct copy of the Ledger, but misleading as a reference to the Memoranda Roll. * Memda. Roll of K.R., 250,13 E. IV., Michaelmas Term, Membrane xxxii. 232 The relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury aliqua regia aut tune Episcopi Sar’ capitalis domini Civitatis predicte inde optenta et habita, quod quidem messuagium sive hospicium (the same complaint is repeated for each piece of property in turn) — tenebatur de tune Episcopo Sar’ ut in jure ecclesie sue Beate Marie Sar. . . . eb quod tune maior eb communitas civitatis predicte perceperunt et habuerunt exitus et proficua inde contra formam statuti ad manum mortuam non ponendam in hujusmodi casu editi et provisi.’ Incidentally an account is given of the founding of the city and the regulations prohibiting the alienation of tenements in mortmain: “ Dicunt eciam juratorespredicti quod Civitas predicta olim fuit antiquus burgus Episcopi Sar’ a tempore cujus contrarii memoria hominum non existat. Et postea dictus burgus erectus factus et conditus fuit in civitatem per Henricum nuper regem Anglie tercium anno regni sui undecimo in quo quidem burgo et nune civitate inter alia talis habebatur et habetur con- suetudo a tempore predicto videlicet quod quilibet liber tenens — in civitate predicta suum liberum tenementum in eadem civitate possit per suum testamentum legare et dare cuicunque persone voluit in feodo simplici feodo talliato ad terminum vite vel annorum. Ita quod post mortem testatoris testamentum hujusmodi per exe- cutores suos coram Ballivo Episcopi Sar’ pro tempore existentis in plena curia sua in Guilda aula sua civitate predicta tenta publice probetur, proclametur, et legatur et administracio tenementorum illorum committatur secundum formam testamenti illius illis per- sonis quibus tenementa illa erunt sic legata et data et si aliqua tenementa vel aliquod tenementum per aliquod testamentum in forma predicta non probatum, proclamatum et lectum, legata | fuerint, tune hujusmodi legacio per testamentum illud quo ad | tenementa vel tenementum sic legata irrita vacua et valoris sive | rigoris existat.” This record of the trial thus states fully the Bishop’s position as lord of the city and of its court, as if these points were especially material to the consideration of the case. Not one of these incidents taken alone would be sufficient ground for asserting that the Bishop deliberately initiated the Mortmain case as a means of weakening the citizens in their struggle with him. But the coincidence of so many slight indications justifies between 1225 and 1612. 733 some belief in the assertion of his responsibility made by the citizens in 1593—6. Certainly the coincidence of this case with the prolonged dispute now to be dealt with was exceedingly in- convenient to the city, which needed all its resources for a contest with such a formidable adversary. (B) Dispute with Bishop Beauchamp, 1465—1474. The history of a century and a half following the Composition of 1306 has shown that the city’s dislike of the Bishop’s lordship and its desire to secure freedom and self-government were always latent though only occasionallyexpressed. The citizens were willing to secure additional privileges from a complaisant Bishop, but equally ready to seek extensions of their powers by other methods. In the middle of the 15th century occurred one of the most stoutly fought and perhaps the best known of all their many con- troversies with successive Bishops. In this case they were par- ticularly unfortunate in having as their antagonist one of the most influential of all the mediaeval Bishops of Salisbury, who was ex- tremely tenacious of the rights of hissee Bishop Beauchamp came to the see of Salisbury in 1450, and was at first on good terms with his citizens; thus in 1450 they made him a grant of 20 marks towards the expenses of his installation.2 But these amicable relations did not last. In his representation of his case to the King about 1465, the Bishop says that he had had complaints to make as to the non-fulfilment of the Composition of 1306 for fourteen years past, and had appealed in vain to successive Mayors for reformation in the matter: “they daily pretendyng faithful chere outeward, with feigned language, have desceytfully thought of inward malice and wrought grete and notable wrongs to the envacion and final distruccion of the church, and of the lyvelod thereto belongyng, as it may clerely appere, bi evident maner in withdrawyng of their duete; not holdyng theym content with such dampnable deeds but hopyng more of their sediciouse malice than ‘See the careful compilation of the records of these rights in his Liber Niger in the Diocesan Registry. H.IZC.R. IV., pp. 7, 8. 2G.A., No. 138, Feb. 9th, 1884. 234 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury in their ryght, makyng of several matters a comyn erye, making daily counsaile and conspiracyes to destroy the said bishop, dean and channons because that lawfully remedy by theym is desired to be had of these premises.+ Two incidents during this first part of Beauchamp’s episcopate deserve notice. Though they are entirely unconnected with the main conflict between him and his citizens, they are interesting as indications of the temper of the latter. The first incident was an independent attempt on the part of the citizens to secure additional privileges for the city. From an entry in Ledger B it appears that in the time of Simon Poye, Mayor 1452-5,? the citizens prepared a petition to the King for a charter of incorporation. The agent whom they appointed for this purpose was John Hall, who, as Mayor in 1465, acted as leader at the outset of the later struggle. ‘The entry has not been noted either in the account given by Hatcher or in the Report of the Historical MSS. Commission, and is therefore worth treating in detail? The entry is as follows:—“ Be hit had in mynde that Symon Poy, late meyre of Sar’, by the advice and consent of all his brethren and Comminaltie of the same Cite at a commune semble, agereed and awarded that one John Hall, one of hys brethern, shulde labore unto the king’s highnesse and the lords of his counsell, a bill for the welfare pesible rule and confyrmacion of peas of the Citezens 1 See below for account of this document and references. 2 Cf. Ledger A., fol. 161 b, for date of this Mayor. 3 The pages of Ledger B which give it are rearranged and bound in the wrong order but the sequence is quite clear. On fol. 21b, the entries relating to the Prior of Ivychurch(two of which are printed in W.4.C.R. IV., pp. 202-3) break off abruptly. The next folio, numbered 2, is blank; on the back appear half-a-dozen items of accounts and the oath of the xxiv., which is printed in H.M.C.R. IV., p. 203. The next folio is numbered 23 and begins abruptly, in the same hand as fol. 21, with a portion of the suggested charter referred to in the text. At the end of it follows the memorandum of R. Warmell’s bequest, printed in H.J0.C.R. IV., p. 203. But the folio bound up as 2 in the Ledger is numbered clearly 22, is written in the same hand as folios 17—23, and headed like them “John Wyly, Mayor.” It begins with a continuation of the entries relating to the Prior of Ivechirche; then follows, as part of the entry under the same date, Nov. 30th, 1455, the passage quoted in the text above, and on fol. 22 (a) and (b) the draft of the proposed charter. | | | | | | | | | between 1225 and 1612. 235 of the seid Cite and all other inhabitants in the same, for which byll to the seid John Hall so delyvered the said Symonds delyvered hym out of the common cofer of the seid Cite £5 15s. to labore hit, whiche byll ensuyth undre thes wordes underwreten.” Then follows the Latin text of the desired charter, partially illegible at the bottom of the pages through fading. The main point in it is a grant of legal incorporation : “ quod predicta civitas de uno majore et civibus sit imperpetuum corporata et quod iidem major et cives et successores sui majores et cives civitatis illius sic corporata sint una communitas perpetua corporate [. . . faded . . .] per nomen majoris et civium civitatis illius habeantque successionem perpetuam. Et quod iidem maior et cives et successores sul predicti per idem nomen sint personae habiles in lege ad omnimoda placita _ secta querela et demanda necnon attornes reales personales et _ mixtas motas seu mouendas in quibuscunque curiis nostris, heredum _ vel successorum nostrorum aut aliorum quorumcunque tam coram _ nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris quam coram quibuscunque justiciaris.” Here nothing is said of the Bishop, and the city appears as negotiating directly with the King. Nevertheless in the latter part of the charter, after dealing with the right of the citizens to elect and, if necessary, replace their Mayor, there occurs } an acknowledgment of the customary oath: “. . ... sacra- mentum praestet corporale coram senescallo Episcopi Sar’ pro | quod taliter fuit electus | tempore existentis prout antiquitus fieri consueverint de officio ad 99 The rest of the charter confirms the Mayor and Community in the possession of all their lands and tenements and grants them the additional privilege of a Staple to be fixed at Salisbury. In connection with this last ‘matter, the detailed scheme they suggest would probably have been objected to by the Bishop. The Mayor of the city was to be Mayor of the Staple; there were also to be three constables, elected ‘on All Souls’ Day with the rest of the officers but sworn before the citizens only. An almost illegible passage at the bottom of ‘fol, 22b appears to associate the Mayor and Constables of the ‘Staple with the Bishop’s Bailiff as “justiciarii nostri infra civitatem predictam.” | 236 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury Nothing seems to have come of this petition and there is no later reference to it in the Ledgers. Very possibly it was inspired not so much by dispute with Bishop Beauchamp as by the conflicts | with the late Bishop Ayscough over the city’s corporate property. The text of the proposed charter carefully confirms its possession of lands and tenements, and the formal incorporation seems de- signed to give it a better standing in courts of law for purposes of self-defence. The second incident involved an important admission on the part of the citizens, In 1455, for their own purposes, they made a fairly compreheusive acknowledgment of the Bishop’s position as follows :—“ Civitas predicta fuit olim antiquus burgus Episcopi Sar’. a tempore quo non extat memoria quodque omnes homines libera tenementa ibidem habentes a toto eodem tempore tenuerunt tenementa sua de Hpiscopo Sar’ per certa servicia et per servicia essendus Aldermannus, prepositus vel serviens ad clavam pro Episcopo Sar’ per eleccionem majoris eb communitatis ejusdem Burgi in die Animarum annuatim faciendam in quo quidem burgo talis habeatur consuetudo a tempore supradicto quod Burgenses ejusdem Burgi eligerent dictos officiarios ibidem annuatim de quibuscunque libere tenentibus Episcopi Sar’ videlicet majorem Aldremannos prepositos et servientes ad clavam pro Episcopo Sar’ pro tempore existente in die Animarum et eos nominarent et pre- sentarent Senescallo ipsius Episcopi ibidem pro tempore existentis ad proximam curiam visus franciplegii.” 2 This statement was made in answer to a writ from the King, | annulling the election of a certain Alderman, thePrior of Ivychurch, on the ground that he was a clerk. The said Alderman elect had | refused to take office and had been ‘“ dayly amersed grevously in { the said Courte.” The Community was anxious to prove that ib | had not inflicted the said amercements, but that the whole matter } of discharge from office was entirely within the power of the} Bishop or his officials.2 Ten years later, however, they took a | very different tone. 1 See above. 2 Ledger B, fol. 21. A.M.C.R.IV., p. 202. $ The extract quoted above was cited in a 16th genlngy dispute as evidence | | is not dated nor specifically referred to a pantetilan case. between 1225 and 1612. 237 The great contest with Bishop Beauchamp broke out in 1465, over the grant of a plot of land in St. Thomas’ Churchyard on the usual terms. The grantee was William Swayne, a member of the Twenty-Four, who wished to build a house for the priest of his newly-founded chantry in St. Thomas’ Church.t For this purpose he obtained from the Bishop a plot of unoccupied land, of which as lord of the manor he had full right to dispose? When the building had already progressed so that “the walls and chimnies were of a good height”? the Community objected to the Bishop’s claim to dispose of the land and to William Swayne’s possession of ib on these terms. From their subsequent petition to the King it appears that the citizens claimed it as their own: “ . . . of the which grounds with other londes and tenements withyn the said Cite the said mayor and Citezens long time peisibly have be possessid.”* This claim was never substantiated in the course of the controversy. A reference to the Chamberlain’s accounts, so far as they are extant for this period, shows that the Community | | } had for some time past been endeavouring to establish a claim to this plot by entering two shillings for it among their rents. In the account for 1473—4, at the time when the dispute was on the point of closing, the reference is definitely connected with this contest.© Among the lst of rents appears: “ Et de 1% de redditu unius gardini . . . super quod Willelmus Swayne edificavit domum cantarie sue.” Below, among the Defaults of Rents appears the entry of two shillings for the said garden: “quod pendet adhne in placito inter ‘dictis maiore et communitate et Willelmo Swayne ut in anno precedente.” | 1 Duke, Prolustones Historicae, pp. 315-6. But the account here given of the ground of Swayne’s claim has been shown to be erroneous by Mr. Swayne, G.A., No. 17, March 15th, 1884. | 2 See Art. 1, Comp. of 1306; Section II. B. | § Bishop’s Representation, L.N. fol. 164. B. & H., p. 166. Hatcher says ‘that the grant was made in 1456—7, but gives noreference. 3B. & H., p. 162. _ 42. M,, fol. 32b. Printed in &. & H., pp. 162-3, with modernised spelling and some slips in transcription. 6 M.C.S., Box 3, Roll 5. Trans, in G.A.16; March 8th, 1884. 238 The kelations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury A similar entry, without the explanatory phrases, occurs in the rolls almost thirty years before, and in an account for 1438—9 entered in Ledger B. Comparison of these accounts shows that in 1438—9,! 144452 and 1449503 the amount was entered without default, which implies that someone paid rent for this plot to the Chamberlains of the Community. But in 1453—44 and in 1£69—70,> default of two shillings was entered for this plot; the first of these indicates a failure on the Community’s part to secure rent before the dispute with the Bishop arose. However weak their claim, the Mayor and Community were determined to uphold it vigorously. In convocation on April 5th, 1465, they decided to take forcible possession and to keep such goods and chattels as were found there“. , . . in arrest and in sure and safe keeping by warrant of the Mayor of the City until the said William Swayne shall make amend for his trespass done upon the said toft.’® This they appear to have carried out by night,’ whereupon the Bishop prosecuted them successfully at oe the session of the peas at large, in the shire.”® But this verdict by no means ended the matter, for active prosecution of the quarrel still continued. The Community’s next step, on May 29th, was to summon William Swayne to appear before them at their next meeting and answer for his conduct.2 He duly appeared on June 14th, but, proving recalcitrant, was expelled from the number of the Twenty-Four till he should submit. It is difficult at first sight to see why this particular dispute should have: been carried on with such energy and_ bitterness. 1 VW.C.S., Ledger B., fol. 185b. Trans. in H.1.C_R. IV., pp. 200—1. ? M.C.S., Box 3, Roll 1. Trans. in G.A., 13; Feb. 9th, 1884. 3 M.C.S., Box 3, Roll 2. Trans. in G.A., 13; Jan. 26th, 1884. 4 W.C.S., Box 3, Roll 3. Trans. in G.A., 14, Feb. 16th, 1884. > M.C.S., Box 3, Roll 4. Apparently not found by Mr. Swayne. 6 Ledger B., fol. 74b. Trans.in H.4.C.R. IV., p. 205. - ‘L.N,fol,164a. B. & H,, p. 166. 8 Ibid, not in the city because John Hall ‘“‘. . . beyng that tyme oon | of the Comyssioners of the peas within the same Cite, knowyng and beyng | partyner of the riotte then doon wold not enquire within the said cite.” 9 Ledger B., fol. 75b. 10 Ledger B., fol. 76a. and slip sewn to it. \ | \ | between 1225 and 1612. 939 Something, no doubt, was due to the personalities of the chief actors in it. Bishop Beauchamp, by his own account, had from the first insisted upon his rights, while John Hall had already been active in seeking an extension of the Community’s powers and privileges.1 Moreover, personal rivalry between Hall and Swayne had long existed; the Ledger shows that they had been accustomed to carry their dissensions in the municipal convocation beyond the limits of ordinary debate. Apart from these personal motives, the history of the preceding period has shown that the Community, now at the height of its power and prosperity, was ready to seize every opportunity of contesting with its lord the right to govern. The very extensive pardon which it had recently obtained from the King possibly seemed a good augury of success by his favour. It was determined to appeal directly to him and a petition was presented in the course of the month of August ;? this describes the controversy from the citizens’ point of view, accuses the Bishop of pure malice and manifold threats, and begs the King’s protection. It asserts also that on August 6th, the citizens had endeavoured personally to achieve an accommodation with the Bishop but in vain. If they presented to him the list of demands which Hatcher inserts here,* it is not remarkable that they had no success. In general, the demands amount to a claim to full jurisdiction over the city, leaving to the Bishop only the control of the Close and the payment of a fee-farm in commutation of all his previous rights The items enumerated were lands and services, courts, fairs, markets, and all immunities, cognisance of all pleas, chattels of all 1 See above. * Ledger B., fol. 31 a and b. Fine of 3s. 4d. imposed for improper language by any member of convocation, but John Hall and William Swayne to pay 20s. for first, 40s. for second, and to be imprisoned for the third offence. °L.N., fol. 32b. Bb. & H., 162—3. It is undated, but the Rishop’s Representation says that it was put in “. . . . about the 8th day of August last past.” One of the errors in transcription is worth noting ; for Hatcher’s version: “. . . . and such that manifesteth to indict them : . .’s read“. . . .and over that manessith to endite theym.” 4 L.N., fol. 166 a and b. Printed in Bb. & H., 163—4, with modernised spelling and some curtailment. There is no date and nothing can be argued _ from the order of the documents. The Bishop’s Representation speaks of “the Bill to be made to the King,” asif it had been presented to himself first. 240 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury felons, amercements, and forfeitures, offices of justice of the peace, escheator, clerk of the market, and coroner. The petition concludes thus :—“Should it need more perfect grant and establishment of the King, that it may please the good lordship of the said reverend © Father, to be the good and gracious meane unto the King, that they may be sufficiently authorised and stablished in them.” The Bishop naturally considered this an unwarrantable presumption, and in his Representation to the King, which appears to belong to the same year, rehearsed with care and accuracy the history of the original founding of the city and the dispute of 13061. He com- plained that the Composition then agreed upon had been recently broken and that for fourteen years past he had been trying in vain to secure reformation from successive Mayors. In particular, for three years and more they had withdrawn the quit-rent of £48 due to the Bishop, as well as many other “lands, tenements, rents and divers services” due to the Dean and Chapter as well as to him, Lastly, the Bishop recounted his view of the present con- troversy, protesting that the citizens’ accusations against himself were untrue and that their claim to independent jurisdiction was unjustifiable. He therefore besought the King to give order for the proper investigation of evidences on both sides. In response to these petitions both parties were summoned before the Council; the citizens appeared by a deputation including John Hall,? and the Bishop came in person. This is evident from a writ under the signet, dated Aug. 22nd, 1465, and copied into the Ledger,® which commanded the election of “another mayre of sad, sobre 1[.N., fols. 163—4. 6. & H., pp. 1646. There are several errors in transcription of which the most important are, as usual, the dates and numbers. Thus the date of the licence to translate the see is given as 1218 instead of 1224 and as the 7th year of H. III. instead of the 8th; the xiiii | years quoted above is given as thirteen ; the xlviii pounds of quit-rent as | forty-seven. The spelling is throughout modernised as in all Hatcher's | transcripts, and some of the words are wrong. Thus in “they should mow | take a tallage,” now is given instead ; and the word transcribed “lieftened” | should be “ lustened.” } 2 G.A., 32, Feb. 14th, 1885. Power of Attorney to John Hall and ten | others, dated Aug. 13th, 5 E. IV. | 3 Ledger B., fol. 76b. Printedin P.H,, pp 323—4, and in B. & H., pp. — 166—7. i between 1225 and 1612. 241 and discrete disposicion” in the place of John Hall, then in prison. According to the writ, while the Bishop had“. , , behadde himselfe right soberly, discretely and to the peace thereof right comonmaniys . . . ~ John Hall“. . . of the olde rancour aud malice which he hath borne towarde the saide Reverende Fader, as hit shulde seme, contrary to his parte and dute, brake oute of the said mater, concernynge the seid cite, into his owen matiers ” and had thereupon been “comytted unto suche a place as he shal be kepte.” Another writ, dated September 24th, 1465,1 makes it clear that the citizens took no steps to obey the first; they were therefore commanded either to obey at once, or to send up twelve or at least eight of their number to explain their behaviour to the Council. A deputation for this purpose was appointed on Oct, 4th, consisting of William Wootton, deputy Mayor, and others, and a letter craving audience for the deputation was prepared.?_ Its members were “ to utter and declare to your highnesses the causes why we proceded nat to th’ elleccion of a newe maire to occupie in the rome and place of the seid John Hall.” Thus it appears that the Community preferred the second alternative and were determined not to displace Hall, in spite of his imprisonment. Whether their explanation satisfied the King or not does not appear, records of the Privy Council for this period not being extant. The attention of the King seems to have been drawn again to the main issue and on October 21st another writ # commanded a deputation of four or six persons to be sent to Westminster on Nov. 6th, with full powers from the Community “to comune, trete, answere, appoynte, finyshe and conclude” all differences between the Bishop and the City. In answer to this, in Convocation on Oct. 28th* the citizens agreed to appoint as 1 Ledger B., fol. 76b. P.H., pp. 325—6. 2 Ledger B., fol. 77a. P.H. pp. 328—9. Hatcher’s date of Oct. 4th for the Saturday after Michaelmas is correct and H.M.C.R. IV., Oct. 5th is wrong. See J. J. Bond, Handy book for verifying dates. SiLeteer B., fol. 77b. P.., pp. 331-3. B. & A. p. 168, gives date wrong—Oct. 16th instead of 21st. 4 Ledger B., fol. 78a. Z.N., fol. 31 b gives power of attorney. 242 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury their attorneys John Hall and five others; at the same meeting they determined to continue him in the mayoralty. This was flat defiance, promptly answered on Nov. 14th by another royal writ” commanding the insertion of another name in place of that of John Hall, who “for certain offenses and rottous-demeanynge [is] in warde and nat atte his liberte.” About the same time the other five members of the deputation in London addressed a letter to their brethren in Salisbury? urging them to comply with the royal order and so enable their attorneys to finish the business speedily, to the “eschuyng of costs of the Cite the whiche be not small sitthe oure comyng hider.” Accordingly the name of John Chafyn was substituted for that of Hall in the power of attorney.* Still, no settlement of the question was reached. Hall was evidently set at liberty, for in July, 1466, he was again in his place as Mayor.® At the end of this year, on Noy. 2nd, John Aport was elected to succeed him,°® but John Hall seems to have been unwilling to give way. A letter from the King commanding him to do so appears in the Liber Niger,’ but has not been printed either by Duke or Hatcher. It runs as follows:—“Trusti and welbeloved, we grete you wele. We have understoude bi credible report made unto us and other probable evidence how that in tyme | passid hit hath be usid and accustomyd the burgeys and Comynaltie of Sar’ ones in the yere to chese tham a Maiour and hym to present unto the Stuard of the bisshop ther for the tyme beyng to take his othe in that behalfe, the which usage and custome and all other | reasonable and honest we conceyve the said bisshop is of a good wille ye have and enjoye withoute hurt and dymynucion on his partye, | notwithstandyng eny controversye beyng betwyxt him and you, | for such things as either of you clayme to have of other. And | how it be accordyng to the same custume one John Aport, burgeis | 1“ (Quod materia maioratus pendebat in placito.” Ledger B., fol. 78 a. 2 Ledger B., fol. 78a, and again on 80a. P.H. p. 334. | 3 Ledger B., fol. 79a, though dated Nov. 17th. P.H., p. 335; but Duke’s | comment is misleading—according to power of attorney in Z.U., fol. 31 b, | both Chafyn and Chippenham were of the original six. 4 Ledger B., fol. 78b. H.JL.C.R. IV., p. 206. 5 Ledger B., fol. 79a. 6 Ledger B., fol. 80b. 7 Z.N., fol. 158 b. v AA between 1225 and 1612. 243 of the same Cite was and is chosen as it is said to thoffice of Mair of the same cite and to be Mair ther yet he hath differid and so doth to take upon him to exercise and occupye the same. And on this that on John Hall of the same cite not chosen nor havyng any authorite in that behalf of his owne bede and presumpcion hath usurped and taken upon him to occupye and indede as it is said occupyeth thoffice of Meiralte ther contrary to the privilege and liberteis of the Church of Sar’ and also contrary to the said custume and usage which we woll be observid and kept in all wise. Wherupon we have geven in comaundement as wele to the said John Hall to sursese of any further occupacion and entermetyng of the said office of meiraltie of the said Cite as to the said John Aport to take upon him the same office with the othe of olde tyme accustumyd and it to occupye accordyng to theleccion of him made in that partye. Wherfor we to thentent that good rule be kept in the said Cite and to remove all maner of occasions wherbi minis- tracion of justice might be lette woll and charge you that callyng afor you the said John Aport and John Hall ye effectually doo your part and see that eyther of theym obey performe and fultille our said charge geveyn unto them in this behalfe as is above said not failyng so to doo, Upon the perille that may fall. Geven under our pryve seal at our Paleys of Westminster the xxv1 day of November, Anno vi". To our trusti and welbeloved the Burgeys and Comynaltie of the New Salesbury.” From this time onward, John Hall seems to have surrendered the leadership in the struggle to John Aport, who was Mayor for four successive years, from 1466 to 1470.1 In the course of 1466 it was expected that the King and Queen would visit Salisbury, and preparations were made to receive them.” Their coming was delayed, and meanwhile the Bishop proposed that differences should be settled by arbitration. The citizens de- clined this proposal on the ground that it would be impossible to 1 Ledger B., fols. 80 b, 83 b, 84, 89 b. 2 Ledger B., fol. 79a. A.I.C.#., IV., p. 206. VOL. XXXIX.—NO. CXXIV. R 244 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury enforce the award. Possibly they hoped to gain more by waiting _ for the King, who was expected towards the end of 1468? for the trial of Courtenay and Hungerford, attainted in connection with a Lancastrian plot. Early in 1469 the King and Council were in the City,* and after dealing with their main business in January the latter found time to examine the local controversy.? Both parties prepared elaborate statements of their claims and desires, The Community agreed in convocation © to seek license to hold the city, with all its liberties and privileges, of the Bishop ata fee-farm rent and thus to escape all subjection to him except in this one particular. The Laber Niger contains several statements of the liberties that they wished thus to gain, some of which have been printed by Hatcher.’ From these petitions it is clear that the citizens desired a confirmation of all previous charters and grants to be given to them directly and not to the Bishop for his men. They wished to have all the liberties, privileges, franchises, and jurisdictions which the Bishop had previously enjoyed, leaving to him only jurisdiction over the Close. They sought also formal incorporation in much the same terms as had been used in 1452. At the same time they were careful to include such rights and privileges as had been already granted directly to them, such as the right to “take Statutes Merchants and to hold land in Mort- main,’ In short, they desired to maintain all the exclusiveness which had been the city’s privilege while it was the demesne of 2 Ledger B., fol. 85. A.I.C.R., IV., pp. 206—7. 3 Ramsay, Lancaster and York, I1., pp. 335—6. 4 Ibid. There is no mention of the King in the Ledger under 1469, and he does not appear to have heard the case between the Bishop and the Citizens. Hatcher concluded that he did not come in person (B. & ZH, p. 171). Probably he departed after the treason case (see below). > Ledger B., fol. 86a. A.JL.C.R. IV., p. 207. 6 Ledger B., fol 87a. H.I.C.R. IV., p. 207. 7B. & H., Appendix 762—4, gives transcript of draft charter embodied in petition to King in time of John Aport; it is taken from Z.N., fol. 28 -29. Hatcher also gives a list of demands in English, incompletely transcribed and evidently almost illegible,which cannot now befound. But another draft charter in Z.N., fol. 41—43, agrees with it and appears to be the Latin version of which the English is a contemporary translation. between 1225 and 1612. 245 the Bishop, but to have the finance, jurisdiction, and administration of it in the hands of their own community and its elected officials. The granting of these petitions would have meant an entire change in the relations of Bishop and City and a great gain for the latter at the expense of its lord. It is not, therefore, surprising that when the Mayor put forward requests of this kind before the Council the Bishop utterly refused to consent to the change! His own demand? was that. the citizens should be compelled to perform the usual elections, which had lapsed for the past four years*® and more, and to present their elected officials to the Bailiff to take the accustomed oaths. The matter was not closed at this session of the Council as the King had hoped. The entry in the Ledger and the writ subse- quently summoning another deputation to London read as if the King had not presided in person.* Probably he left Salisbury after the execution of Courtenay and Hungerford and left the settlement of this local dispute to the Council. On the report of their failure to adjust the differences between Bishop and citizens, both parties were summoned to Westminster that the King in person might put -anend to the matter. The outbreak of civil war in 1470 postponed this meeting indefinitely, and the citizens found themselves, like the writers of the Paston Letters, in a “turning world,” beset by the demands of both the Yorkist and Lancastrian parties for support, and anxious to avoid compromising themselves with either.® 1 Ledger B., fol. 87a. A. IC.R., IV., p. 207. 2 .N., fol. 166b—167a. B. & H., pp. 172—3. No date, but reference to lapse of four years and more shows it to be about 1469. 3 Entries in the Ledger agree with this; the last regular election had been held on All Souls’ Day, 4, EH. IV.; Ledger B., fol. 72b. Since that time no Aldermen, ‘‘ prepositi,” or ‘‘ servientes,” had been chosen. 4 Copy of writ in Ledger B.,, fol. 87b. B. & H., pp. 173—4. °> See Summary of entries in Ledger B.—H.I.C. RB., IV., pp. 207—8. The Clerk appears to have taken great care over the dating of his entries ; thus on fol. 94a the date is given as 1470, instead of by the regnal year, which was the usual way of dating, evidently toavoid mentioning the name of the King. On fol. 95a there is an elaborate statement: “. . . . annoab inchoatione regni Regis Henrici VI‘, xlix™., et readepcionis regie sue potestatis anno primo.” On fol. 95b in one hand the date is givenas 49 H. VI. and in another as 10 E. IV., possibly added afterwards. R 2 246 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury By the middle of 1471 Edward IV. had completely recovered his power, and the dispute between the Bishop and citizens proceded to a further stage. Three arbitrators were now appointed, ap- parently by the King, as one of them, Lord Stourton, had been among the members of his Council who heard the case in 14697 and another, John Cheney, was one of his Esquires of the body.? The entry in the Ledger for Dec. 6th, 1471,4 appears to be a summary and record of the negotiations; it implies that some preliminary submission on the part of the citizens had taken place, but of this there is no record. It would seem that they hoped thus to secure from the Bishop’s goodwill some relaxation of their former obligations and some additional privileges. The Bishop was willing to make concessions of this kind to a limited extent, as, for instance, that the Mayor should be a justice of the peace by his appointment, which was nothing new. But he made it a condition that the Mayor should take his accustomed oath of office before himself or his officials. ‘The citizens, after consultation, resolved that unless the King should order otherwise the Mayor should take his oath of office only before his predecessor, that is, at a municipal convocation instead of at the Bishop’s court. This was apparently the practice which they had followed during the past few years of controversy and on some occasions a note to that effect is appended in the Ledger to the entry recording the election. Thus John Wyse in 1470, William Johnes in 1471, and William Boket in 1472, are all noted as having been sworn before the Community at the assembly.° | This matter was therefore referred to the King that a decision 1 Probably they were at the same time acceptable to the Bishop ; the third, Sir Maurice Berkeley, was one of the arbitrators he had himself suggested in 1467, Ledger B., fol. 83. 2 Ledger B., fol. 86b. A.1.C.R., IV., p. 307. 3 Ledger B., fol. 103a. H.I.C.R., IV., p. 208. 4 Ledger B., fol. 103a and b. A.IC.R., 1V., pp. 208—9. 5 Ledger B, fols. 95a, 101b, 107a. William Johnes, only afew weeks before this meeting, was “ Juratus coram communitate ad assemblementum tentum ibidem penultimo die Novembris,” 7.e., not on the day of election but later, after the usual day for swearing in court, Nov. 15th, had gone by (fol. 102). | i. between 1225 and 1612. 247 about it might be arrived at before the negotiations could proceed ; a copy of the usual oath, not now extant, was enclosed for his approval or modification. As it was approved, probably it was the version which was ultimately taken by the Mayor and recorded in the Liber Niger It was returned with a letter, dated Dec. 19th,1471,2commanding its reception by the Mayor, and announcing that other letters were being directed to the Bishop, authorising him to receive the oath. From this it would appear, as Hatcher says,> that the arbitrators had reported to the King in favour of the Bishop, and that he had accordingly given his final decision against the citizens. Still they were not disposed to submit; after the lapse of almost a year, when apparently another irregular election had taken place, the King addressed a second letter to the Community.* This states that the Mayor elected in 1471 had taken the oath as commanded, but that his successor, William Boket,® elected at the beginning of November, 1472, had again refused to do so. On receipt of this royal command the Community decided ® that the Mayor should offer his oath to the Bishop personally in the presence of a number of witnesses. This the Bishop refused, de- siring the oath to be administered by his steward as had been customary. The Mayor thereupon reported to his brethren,® who insisted that he should take the oath in the presence of the Bishop, and the latter yielded the point in order to secure the control which the formal acknowledgment of his lordship would give him.’ On 1 See below. * Ledger B., fol. 103b. A.M.C.R., IV., p. 209. 9 I 0% lal, Je, WSN. * Ledger B., fol. 107 dorso, dated Nov. 18th, and pasted to page as be- longing to 1472. Hatcher appears to have inverted the order of these letters, as he gives the one of December, 1471, as if it were the second, instead of the first in order. * Hatcher misspells this name as Becket. B&B. & H., pp. 181—2. ® Ledger B., fols. 107b—108a. H.I.C.R., IV., p. 209. The date given in the latter is misleading. The Mayor was elected on November 2nd, sworn before the Community on Nov. 25th, on which date also submission to the King’s command was agreed on. The oath was taken before the Bishop on Dee. 3rd and this reported to the Community on Dec. 7th, that is, the Vigil of the Conception B.V.M. Hatcher’s Dec. 8th is wrong. 7 See text of oath, below. 248 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury December 7th the Mayor was able to report that he had been sworn in before the Bishop himself in the church of the Friars Minor in Southampton.1 Various forms of the Mayor’s oath occur among the Corporation records and in some of the Ledgers, but none which can be certainly dated as belonging to this period or controversy. The first one recorded in Bishop Beauchamp’s Liber Niger? probably represents the formula which he regarded as essential, and was that presumably taken by the Mayor on submission. It runs as follows :— “ Juramentum majoris Nove Sav’. “You shall swere that ye shall wele and trewly serve our Soverayne Lord the King his eires and my lord the Bishop Richard, lord of the Cite of Newe Sar’ and his successors in doyng and beryng the office of mayraltie of this Cite while ye be in hit, that is to say, ffirste ye shall as feythfully as ye can or may kepe and governe the King’s people of this cite to lyve in peas from all maner of ryotts, conventicles or insurreccions ayenst the Kyngs peas sewerly. “Also ye shall at all tymes for the ease and worship of this cite in kepyng of the peas be redy. “Also ye shall se in all that ye may that the Cite be victuled plentiously. Also that thasyse of bred, ale, wyne, flessh and fissh , cole and candelle and all other vetelis be observed and kept after the law requyreth trewly. “ Also that ye do your trew part that the sellers of corupt vetelis, regrators, forstallers and all mysdoers ayenst the® comyn profit aud worship of this cite be arested and brought befor my lord’s officers that they may be openly punysshed lawfully after their deservyng. A curious construction was put on this in the 16th century ; the citizens declared that ‘“‘uppon the Kinge’s letter to receive an oathe before the B, the Mayor was contented soe to doe but not before anye his officers, by which yt appeareth the B. did yt for the King.” J.C.S., Box 4, No, 48— ““A Breviat between the Mayor and the Bushopp of Salisbury.” Possibly this desire to regard the Bishop as the King’s deputy in the matter explains why the Citizens objected to the swearing in of the Mayor before the Steward. This explanation could not, however have been given at the time ; if it had been, the Bishop would certainly not have given way. 2 Ey AOL A. 37 MS. the the between 1225 and.1612, 249 “Also that all escheats, casualties or any profits that shulde longe on to my lord that shalbe come to your knowledge ye enforme my lord or his officers in all hast goodly and to doe your part that hit be executed lawfully to my lords profits. “Also that the rents and goods of the comynaltie of this cite be kept and exspended after the worship and profitt of the same dewely. “Alsoe that the taxes, colleccions or tallage the which ben hereafter to be levied that? thei be not levied but as law will in- differently. “ Also that? ye se that?! all the mynisters and officers the which be cowntable afore you and your brethern of your comyn goods that * thei gife a lawfull acownt of such thyngs as thei ar requyred dewly. “ Also in especial ye shall fulfille and kepe in that in you is the condicions of the composition before made between my lord and this cite so that hit be kept as hit is conteyned in the same com- position at large. “ Alsoinall mater of substance that? towcheth this cite ye shall take thadvyse of your brethern and conclude not but by their assent. “All these poynts that’ I have rehersed and all other thyngs that! belongeth to your office ye shall wele and trewly behave you and observe and kepe withoute prejudice doyng to my said lord or his successors or of the church. So helpe you God.” This unreserved acknowledgment of the Bishop’s lordship and detailed promise to serve him as well as the King on the one hand and the city on the other was evidently regarded by both parties as of great importance in the struggle. Once secure as to the recognition of his seignorial power by the acceptance of this oath, the bishop was ready to arrange a compromise with the citizens, but first of all he secured a confirmation from the King of all the liberties and privileges granted to his predecessors by former Kings, and also an explicit recognition of his claims in the points which had been the subject of controversy. ‘This was granted by letters 'MS. yat. 250 The relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury patent on Dec. 5th, 1472,! and was regarded from this time for- ward as the best evidence of the constitution of the city, being cited repeatedly in later disputes, After confirming the privileges granted by Henry III. and Edward IIL, and by the King’s predecessors generally, and em- phasising the fact that the city was the Bishop’s city and the citizens his also, the charter proceeds to deal in detail with the special matters in dispute. It describes the ancient custom of electing the Mayor and other officials and presenting them to the Bishop’s steward to be sworn in; it gives an account of the citizens’ recent refusal to comply with this custom as a reason for its precise definition by the King. It states fully and precisely the Bishop’s rights in the various matters at issue. The points dealt with in this way are as follows:—the method of electing and swearing in the Mayor and other officials and of replacing the first-named if necessary; the power te appoint a Mayor within eight days if the citizens should refuse to follow the prescribed method; the right to make ordinances and constitutions for the city, with the assent of the Dean and Chapter; the duty of the Mayor and citizens to obey these and other mandates of the Bishop; the privilege of ap- pointing not more than four “servientes,’ who should carry maces bearing the royal arms; the liberty of having a gaol within the city and the custody of criminals there. Thus the Bishop’s claims were fully admitted by the King and matters that had been imperfectly defined before were now ex- plicitly stated and put on record among the Exchequer Rolls. All that remained for the citizens was to make as favourable a com- promise with their lord as they could. For this purpose negotia- tions were opened at the beginning of 1473,? in which Sir Maurice Berkeley acted for the Bishop, and the Mayor, William Bokett, with a deputation from the Community, represented the city. The preliminary discussion seems to have resulted in nothing but the appointment of four arbitrators to arrange all matters in dispute | Memda. Roll of K.R. No. 250; 13 E. IV., Mem. V., printed in Hatcher, from exemplification granted to Bishop Coldwell, p. 768. 2 Ledger B., fol. 109a and b. between 1225 and 1612. . 251 but not to come to a final conclusion without the assent of the Mayor and Community.! Still the matter dragged on for another year, and in November, 1473, another Mayor, William Eston, was elected without taking the customary oath.2, At the end of this year the Bishop appears to have made some new concessions; the details of these are not given, but on Dec. Ist, 1473, a deputation was appointed to ride to London to the King in connection with them. But contumacy was a more serious matter now that the King had given his decision in favour of the Bishop and confirmed his right of exacting the oath; according to the letters patent of 1472, without this formality the Mayor was no Mayor at all. This grant had been reported to the Exchequer and recorded upon its rolls; William Eston now found himself cited there and accused of contempt by the King’s Attorney, William Husee, in the Easter Term of 1474. He referred to the confirmation of the Bishop’s charters and privileges recently made by the King, especially quoting the passages relative to the Mayor’s oath: “quod cives civitatis Nove Sarum ibidem manentes essent cives suos® et success- orum suorum . . . .. cives sui Civitatis illius annuatim eligissent unum de seipsis in majorem et alios de seipsis in alios officiarios ejusdem civitatis et ipsos sic electos senescallo Episco- porum ibidem pro tempore existentium suceessivis temporibus de ' Ledger B. The entry is very much faded and difficult to read, and is en- tirely passed overin H.J/.C.R.,1V. Hatcher evidently found it puzzling for he says that the decision was to be made without the assent of the Mayor and citizens. This hardly seems likely and certainly was not fulfilled. The passage runs: “, . . . habeant materias predictas in lite pendente ad ex- aminandum audiendum et investigandum non tune ad finalem conclusionem determinandam absque consensu et assensu majoris et communitatis ibidem.” Fol. 109 b. * Ledger B., fol. 112b; he took it about the middle of 1474. See below. 3 Ledger B., fol. 113 b. 4 See above, and reference there given. ° Memda. Rolls of K.R. 251. Easter Term, 14 E. IV., Membrane ix. It is copied, not quite exactly, into Ledger B, fols. 123 b, 124a, with the decision in the mortmain case appended and the reference to the roll containing it. H.I.C.R. IV. correctly transcribes this reference, which is, however, misleading, as has been explained above. °“Tpsius Episcopi” in copy in Ledger B., fol. 123 dorso. 252 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury jure presentassent ut idem Senescallus ipsos sacramentis suis in hac parte debitis et consuetis coram eo prestitis admitteret! prout a tempore predicto fieri consuevit.” He recounted also the recent revolt of the citizens, as it is recorded in the letters patent: “ Quidem tamen cives civitatis predicte deum nec ecclesiam timentes seb venerabili patri Ricardo nune Episcopo loci predicti et ecclesie sue ibidem malivolentes quedam discordia et discenciones ortas inter cet- eros cives civitatis predicte et alios ibidem residentes procuraverant et seminaverant in perturbacionem pacis domini regis . .. - Ipsique maiores et officiarii sic electi occasione illa sacramenta sua coram Senescallo ipsius nune Episcopi in hac parte debita et requisita facere recusarunt contra libertates et privilegia eidem nunc HKpiscopo et predecessoribus suis ub permittitur concessa et contra consuetudinem predictam.” Finally, after referring to the King’s recent decision to confirm and make secure all the Bishop’s ancient privileges, he reported that “quidam Willelmus Eston civis civitatis predicte qui in maiorem civitatis predicte in die commemoracionis animarum ultimo preterito apud Civitatem Nove Sar’ predictam per cives et communitatem civitatis illius electus fuit ad officium illud . . . . ipso electo aliquo tempore post electionem predictam coram Senescallo vel aliquo alio ministro dicti Episcopi ad sacramentum ipsius electi pro officio maioratus civitatis illius prestandum minime presentato nec aliquod sacra- mentum coram aliquo ministro dicti Episcopi pro officio maioratus exercendo minime prestitit. Set hujusmodi sacramentum prestare omnino recusavit in contemptum domini Regis ac contra formam consuetudinum et concessionum predictarum.” The Attorney thereupon “petit avisamentum curie in premissis,” but there is no further record of the case in the Exchequer Rolls.2 From the City records, however, it is clear that the citizens now made their final submission, realising that the whole weight of royal authority and the machinery of the law were on the Bishop’s side. 1“ T)imitteret ” without “ prestitis” in Ledger B. 2 The submission of the citizens in the next month—Ledger B, fol. 114b, says that “grete and manifold pleeys . . . as yet hangen undiscussed.” between 1225 and 1612. 253 At an assembly held on June 4th, 1474, it was reported * that the Bishop was in Salisbury and willing to negotiate with the citizens, Their only hope now seemed to lie in making a submission complete enough to conciliate him and induce him to grant them favourable terms; the long-continued litigation, still in progress, tended “ to our hevynesse, grete losse of our goodes and by lyklyness the desolation of the said citee.” Further, only by full submission could the citizens secure their former liberties, since these had been confirmed by the King to “the Bishop’s citizens.” They determined, therefore, to make full submission and refer all details to the Bishop’s judgment alone; as a preliminary it was decided that the Mayor should take his oath as his predecessors had done. A deed of submission was drawn up and sealed with the common seal, reciting the reasons for their action and concluding as follows: “ And so we submitte us in everich and in all materes dependinge concernynge us as citezens and his said Citie; besechyng hym humbly that of all materes, discordes, debates, vexacions, dissencions and contraversiis betwene him and us he wolde take our saide submission. And we the said Maire, Citezens and Inhabitants promitte by these presentes to abide and stande to all suche disposition, ordinaunce and finall determinacion as the saide Reverende Fadre and good lord shal dispose, ordeyne and deter- myne, beseching his good Grace that of his faderly pitee he wolde conserve us his saide Citezens and Citee in resonable privileges as before this tyme hath be graunted by Kinges and Bisshops his predecessors.” ? Apparently the Bishop accepted the submission and a peaceable Settlement was at last achieved. No record of its details exist, but at the next convocation on June 10th the agreement was read and confirmed and the vacant offices of aldermen and “ servientes ”’ filled for the remainder of the year.? The only change which can nn eee ee ‘Ledger B, fols. 114b—115a. Partly printed in H.ILC.R., IV., pp. 217—10; whole deed of submission in modernised spelling is in B. & Z,, pp. 183—4. * Ledger B., fol. 115. A.J1.C.R., IV., p. 210. 3 Ledger B., fol. 115 b. 204 The relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury be traced in the records is the disappearance of the “ prepositi ee on Nov. 2nd, 1474, the other usual elections of the Mayor, four Aldermen, and two “Servientes ” appear as before.2 In most respects the life of the city seems to have returned to its normal course. One last flicker of the old fire was seen. A few weeks. after the above election the King complained to the Bishop of the continued disquiet in the city; his letter? is as follows:— “Reverende fadre in god, Right trusty and welbeloved We grete you well. Lettyng you wite that it is unto us shewed of the grete Riotts and inordynate demeanyng in sondry wise doon and com- mitted within the city of Sav’ withoute lawfull punyshment or correccion to the greate trouble and noyaunce of our subgetts of the same to our mervayle, Sith that by Reason of your ffraunchese ye have power and auctorite in that behalve and to your charge it only apperteyneth. Therfor we wol and desire you and nathelesse charge you to geve in straite commaundement to thofficers there in such wise to endever them for the lawful correccion and re- formacion of suche Riotts, and othir unfittyng demeanyngs, in avoyding of trouble and grete inconvenients that amongs our said subgetts mought ensue, that we heere no more therof nor have cause to provide for remedy in that behalve. Which we must needs if cause shal require and that ye remember this as our trust is In you. “Gevyn undre our signet at the Castel of ffarneham the xviiith of November.” On the receipt of this letter the Bishop immediately wrote to William Eston, just elected Mayor for the second time, exhorting him to keep better order in the City.* The cause of the riots ‘Mr. Swayne suggested that the practice of enrolling deeds disappeared with them, as the registers cease about this time ; but these registers may have disappeared; they are fewer now than in Mr. Swayne’s time. G.A., No. 57. ? Ledger B., fol. 119 b. 30.N., fol. 43b. It is dated Nov. 18th, but no year is mentioned. The Bishop’s letter, however, mentions William Eston’s two years of mayoralty, the second of which had begun on Nov. 2nd, 1474. 7 4 Ledger B., sewn to fol. 125; also dated Nov. 18th but with no year mentioned. H.M.C.R., IV., p. 210, omits to state that the letter is from the Bishop and its description is therefore misleading. It is printed in full with modernised spelling in B. & H., p. 196. between 1225 and 1612. 259 complained of is not given in either letter, but it is clear from one passage in the Bishop’s that the Mayor was still somewhat suspect : es outhir ye suffer it of malice, (ze, the disorder) willing therby our churche and we shulde loose our privileage or elles that ye be not worthy to have governaunce.” The main contest was, however, at an end, and the last record in the Ledger definitely relating to it is the transcript from the King’s Remem- brancer’s Memoranda Roll already referred to, Thus the second great conflict between the bishop and his citizens left him completely victorious. Throughout its progress it iS evident that the Bishop’s claims were legally indisputable. His explicit royal grants and charters, his long and undisturbed possession, as well as the frequent acknowledgment of his claims by the citizens themselves, constituted a mass of unassailable evidence. It was therefore impossible for the citizens to attack him by process of law with any hope of success. The alternative of buying up his claims or securing commutation of them for a fee-farm rent was legally possible only with his consent, which was steadily refused. Nothing but intervention by the King on behalf of the citizens could obtain this consent from the Bishop, and it was in the highest degree unlikely that, in such a troublous century, he would bring pressure to bear on so powerful a magnate.? The importance of the Bishop’s influence and connections is evident all through the conflict. ‘Two of the arbitrators suggested by him in 1467, whose judgment the citizens then declined, sat as members of the King’s Council to hear the case officially in 1469,? while the third acted as one of the arbitrators appointed by the King in 14713 Again, the King’s letter of 1472, the second enjoining the taking of the Mayor’s oath, refers to the Bishop as “our cousin,” possibly with intention.‘ 1D.N.B. Bishop Beauchamp acted as chaplain to the Garter but was not Chancellor till 1475, nor Dean of Windsor till 1478. Duke, P.Z,, p. 319, speaks as if he held these offices at the time of the contest. * Ledger B., compare fols. 88a and 86b. A.M.C.#., IV. pp. 206—7. 3 See above. 4 See above, and reference there given. The breviat already referred to tries to cast doubt on the validity of the grant of 1472 by suggesting that it was obtained by favour due to this relationship. 206 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury However valiant individual Mayors might be in beginning the contest, it was difficult for them to hold out long against such an opponent; thus John Hall found himself imprisoned by order of the King for his behaviour before the Council; John Aport had to prove in the Exchequer his right as an alien to hold lands and tenements for which he had long ago secured the necessary licence; William Johnes and William Boket were commanded by the King to submit; William Eston was summoned before the Jaxchequer for contempt. Even the collective resources of the citizens were stedeqmate to the maintenance of such a struggle; the costs of the continual journeys to London formed a very serious consideration, and the Chamberlains’ accounts for 1473—4 show this unmistakeably.? The fact that the mortmain case was going on at the same time complica- ted matters extremely,especially in respect of finance,since the seiz- ure by the Escheator of the lands and tenements in question tended to diminish the city revenues at a time when money was specially needed. From the Account Roll just quoted it appears that the Mayor and Citizens had ordered the payment of ten shillings to the Escheator in order that he should not distrain. But the account of the mortmain case indicated that this can have been of little use, since there were considerable arrears to be paid up to the Community at its conclusion. The failure. of this determined attempt of the citizens to emancipate themselves seems to have convinced them of the uselessness of the struggle, and not until the Reformation had 1 This case is recorded in the Exchequer Rolls concurrently with the mortmain case; see Section IV., A, and references given. Separate writs were issued but the two parties were summoned at the same time. Both Aportand theCommunity vindicated themselves by reference to legal records, and it is impossible to avoid the suspicion that both accusations came from the Bishop. 2MC.8., Box 3, Roll 5. Translated in G.A., No. 15, March 8th, 1884. Among the Foreign Expenses appear the cost of the travelling and main- tenance of the deputation, expenses for parchment and the writing of deeds and transcripts, fees for counsel and entertainment for those skilled in the law. Among the gifts is recorded the cost of wine and sweetmeats for the King’s Attorney. The largest sum of all is £20, to Thomas Pyrie, the City Clerk. ii between 1225 and 1612. PAS 0 altered the standing of the Bishop did they attempt to renew it. In the fifteenth century an ecclesiastical lord could still be sure of the King’s support in any contest with his men, and the latter could not yet appeal to the royal jealousy of ecclesiastical juris- dictions. (To be continued.) 258 THE REPTILES, AMPHIBIANS, AND FISHES OF WILTSHIRE. By G. Batuurst Hony, B.A. In the following pages I have endeavoured to give an account of the cold blooded vertebrates of this county. The information on which it is based is, however, so exceedingly scanty that I have hardly been able to give a definite distribution in a single case; but I hope that many more people will send me observations on these groups from their own districts, and thus enable a more accurate account to be published at some future date. When one is working at a local fauna every insignificant fact—negative as well as positive—is valuable, and I shall therefore be very grateful for any item of news about our Wiltshire vertebrates. The order and nomenclature followed is that of the British Museum Guide to the British Vertebrates. REPTILES: ORDER SQUAMATA. Sub-order Ophidia. Grass SNAKE (Tropidonotus natrix).—Generally distributed. [SmooTH SNAKE (Coronella austriaca).—This species—the rarest of the three British snakes—has not been recorded from this county, but examples have been captured in Dorset, Hampshire, and Berkshire, and it will probably be found in Wilts eventually. } ADDER (Vipera berus).—Found in the south of the county, and in Savernake Forest, but not (so far as I am aware) elsewhere. Sub-order Lacertilia. Stow Worm (Anguis fragilis).—Generally distributed, but not usually common, One was seen eating a young adder in Savernake Forest on May 5th, 1886 (MJarlb. Coll. Nat. Hist. Report, 1886); and two were found fighting in the forest on May 6th, 1894 (1d., 1894). SSS The Reptiles, Amphibians, and Fishes of Wiltshire. 259 Common Lizarp (Lacerta vivipara).—Probably generally dis- tributed, but not common. [Sanp Lizarp (Lacerta agilis) —Has not actually been recorded from the county, but is probably present in South Wilts, as it occurs in Hampshire and Dorset. I must state, however, that most of the records I have are of “ Lizards (species unknown).” Dr. Maton (Natural History of a Part of the County of Wuits, p. 69) refers to Z. agilvs, but this name was used for the preceding species. | AMPHIBIANS. ORDER URODELA. CRESTED NEWT (Jolge cristata).—Probably generally distributed, Common Newt (Molge vulgaris).—Generally distributed. PALMATED NEwT (Molge palmata).—Mr. Newall remembers catch- ing three or four as a boy (Wylye district), but this is the only record I have of it in the county. ORDER ANURA. CoMMON Froa (Lana temporaria).—Generally distributed. In the Hall of the British Museum (Natural History) is exhibited an albino frog, which was found in a barley field at Tisbury during the harvest of 1890. It was presented alive to the Zoological Society by W. Hannaford, Hsq., and lived in the Society’s Gardens until the following summer. Common Toap (Bufo vulgaris).—Generally distributed. [NATTERJACK TOAD (Bufo calamita),—Has not been recorded, but may possibly be present in the county.] FISHES. TELEOSTET. ORDER ACANTHOPTERYGII. Minuer’s THums (Cottus gobio).—Probably generally distributed, but rarely seen. Mr. Newall tells me it is common in the Wylye district, and Mr. Goddard says the same of Hilmarton. [Rurre (Acerina cernwa).—Not yet recorded from Wilts, but probably present. ] VOL. XXXIX,—NO. CXXIV. 260 The Reptiles, Amphibians, and Fishes of Wiltshire. Percu (Perca flwviatilis)—Generally distributed. Montagu mentions one of 8lbs. from the Avon in Wilts, captured on a night line baited with a roach (Day’s British Fishes, vol. I., p. 7). THREE-SPINED STICKLEBACK (Gastrosteus aculeatws).—Generally distributed. TEN-SPINED STICKLEBACK (Pygosteus pungitius).—Mr. Goddard tells me it is common in more than one pond at Clyffe Pypard. It is probably to be found elsewhere in the county if looked for. ORDER PHYSOSTOMI. ComMMON Carp (Cyprinus carpio).—Dr. Penruddocke writes that he has caught it in the lake at Compton Chamberlain, where it is very plentiful. [BARBEL (Barbus barbus).—Not recorded from Wilts, but possibly to be found in the Thames within our borders. | GUDGEON (Gobio gobio).—Generally distributed. Roacu (Lutilus rutilus).—Generally distributed. [Rupp (Scardinius erythrophthalmus).—Not recorded from Wilts, but probably present. ] Dace (Leucrscus leuciscus).—Generally distributed. CHUB (Leuciscus cephalus).—Dr. Penruddocke tells me that he has caught it in the Bristol Avon at Limpley Stoke, but has never seenitin the Wylye. Mr. E. A. Rawlence writes that up till a few years ago he had never heard of one in the Salisbury Avon, but that now they swarm. He supposes that they were introduced into the club waters at Ringwood and Fordingbridge, by pike fishers emptying their live bait cans (probably containing young chub from the ‘‘hames hatcheries) into the river when they had finished fishing. Minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus).—Generally distributed. TENCH (7Z%inca tinca).—Generally distributed. [Common Bream (Abramis brama).—Not recorded from Wilts, but probably present. ] Bueak (Alburnus lucidus)—Dr. Penruddocke has caught ib in the Bristol Avon at Limpley Stoke. By G. Bathurst Hony, B.A. 261 Loacu (Nemachilus barbatula).—Probably generally distributed. Gilbert White (Selborne, Letter XVIII. to Pennant) says that he procured some at “ Ambresbury” (Amesbury), where it was said _ that gentlemen were in the habit of swallowing them alive in a glass of white wine—“ for sport”! . SPINED LOACH (Cobitis teenia).—This is one of the rarest British fishes, but Day says (British Fishes, vol. I1., p. 202) that it is found “in clear streams in Wiltshire,” its distribution in the county. PIKE (Hsow luciws).—Generally distributed. SALMON (Salmo salar).—Aubrey (Nat. Hist. of Wilts, p. 63) says “Salmons are sometimes taken in the Upper Avon, rarely, at Harnham Bridge juxta Sarum.” I know nothing definite about Commenting on this passage Dr, Maton (Nat. Hist. of a Part of the County of Wilts, p. 71) remarks “TI know no person now living who has ascertained its having ascended the Avon so far as Salisbury.” However Mr. Newall tells me that one was caught in Wilton street during the floods in » 1914, and Mr. Rawlence mentions a big cock salmon taken just above Crane Bridge, in Salisbury, late in the summer of 1879 or 1880. He also says that during those rainy seasons some salmon got up to Odstock and spawned there; and that they spawn every year just above the big white bridge at Downton. TRout (Salmo trutta).—Generally distributed. There is a very big trout (about 18lbs.) in the Blackmore Museum, which was caught in a net at Stratford-sub-Castle; and Mr. Rawlence tells me of two of about 16lbs. taken in Salisbury and Downton re- spectively. GRAYLING (7'hymallus thymallus)— Aubrey (Nat. Hist. of Wilts, | p. 63) says that in his day the umber was taken in the Nadder | between Wilton and Salisbury, At the present time it has greatly | extended its range in the Avon, Wylye, and Nadder. | HEL (Anguilla angwilla).— Generally distributed. “The Kennet | (Britton-—Deseription of the County | of Wilts, p. 45). In 1896 Mr. Meyrick said (Aarlb. Coll. Nat. Hist | 1s noted for its ‘silver eels’ ” | Report) that though formerly abundant it was then comparatively | Scarce in the Kennet. | | | TR bo 262 The Reptiles, Amphibians, and Fishes of Wiltshire. CYCLOSTOML. LIVER LAMPREY (Lampetra fluviatilrs).— Fairly common in the Kennet (Marlb, Coll. Nat. Hist. Reports) and possibly elsewhere. PLANER’S LampreY (Lampetra planeri)—Day (British Fishes vol. IT., p. 363), quotes Elyote’s Dictionarie (London, 1559) as saying that they “are called in Willshyre prides,” I know nothing definite about its distribution in the county. It will be seen from the above that there are four species of reptiles (out of six on the British list); five of amphibians (out of seven); and twenty-one of fish recorded from the county. I think, however, that a careful investigation of all parts of the county would add two reptiles—the Smooth Snake and the Sand Lizard ; possibly one amphibian—the Natterjack Toad; and four fish—the Ruffe, Barbel, Rudd,and Bream. But such an investigation would do more than this—it would give definite information (at present entirely lacking), concerning those species which are on the list, — and therefore once again I appeal to all those who can do so to send me notes on the vertebrate fauna of their own districts. WILTS OBITUARY. Commander Thomas Hector Molesworth Maurice, R.N. Eighth son of Dr. J. B. Maurice, of Marlborough. Killed in the blowing up of the Princess Irene at Chatham, May, 1915. Born May 3rd, 1877, educated at Marlborough College, joined the navy 1891. Promoted Commander 1909. Married C. Cecily Giffard, second d. of H. R. Giffard, of Lockeridge, who, with three children, survives him. Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, June 3rd, 1915. Lt. Commander Robert Pennington Williams, died at Totnes, Nov. 8th, 1915, aged 41. Buried at Gorleston, Norf. Eldest son ot Mrs. Williams, of the George Hotel, Trowbridge. Joined the British Indian Steam Navigation Company and became a captain at an early age. Served a year in theS. African War with Lumsden’s Horse. On the outbreak of the present war he was appointed Lt. Commander of the Coronia, in the North Sea, where he contracted the illness from which he died. After a period of sick leave he was placed for a time in charge of the Naval Barracks at Chatham. Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Nov. 11th, 1915. Col. Michael Foster Ward, of Ogbourne St. Andrew and Bannerdown House, Batheaston, died Sept. 13th, aged 89. Eldest s. of Lt.-Col. Thomas Rawdon Ward,a banker of the firm of Ward,Merriman, & Co., of Marlborough, who commanded the Wilts Yeomanry. Educated at Eton. Captain in 90th Light Infantry ; Colonel Commandant of 2nd Batt. Wilts Volunteers 1864—1881. Married, 1854, Helen Christina, d. of Robert Clerk-Rattray, of Craighall Rattray, Perthshire. His only surviving son is Major T. R. R. Ward, late of the W. Yorks Regt. Col. Ward had resided for many years at Upton Park, Slough, where he died. He was an old member of the Wilts Arch. Society, and possessed at Bannerdown House a fine collection of British birds. J.P. for Wilts. He formerly lived at Castle House, Calne, at Easton Piercy; and at Bannerdown House, Batheaston. For many years he had lived at Upton Park and at Partenkirchen, in Bavaria, where he was in- terned on the outbreak of the war, but was subsequently released. Obit. notices, Weltshire News, Marlborough Times, Sept. 17th, 1915. Lt.-Col. John Elton Prower, died March 19th, 1915, at Bath, aged 62. Son of late Major John Mervyn Prower, of Purton House, Purton. Major Alfred Soames, D.8.0O., killed in action in France, Oct. 13th, 1915, aged 53. 6th East Kent Regt. (Buffs). Third son of late Rev. Charles Soames, Rector of Mildenhall. 264 Wilts Obituary. Capt. E. H. B. Richardson, killed in action, aged 23. Eldest son of Rev. A. T. Richardson, Vicar of Bradford-on-Avon. Educated at Leatherhead School, joined 3rd Wilts, 1911, as 2nd Lieut. Became Ist Lieut. in 1st Wilts on the outbreak of war and was present at the retreat from Mons. Severely wounded at Neuve Chapelle on Oct. 28th, 1914, but rejoined 2nd Wilts at end of February, 1915, being promoted captain. Obit. notices, Wiltshire Gazette, June 24th; Waltshare News, portrait, June 25th, 1915. Captain Charles Ralph Dixon, Ist Essex Regt, died at Alexandria of wounds received at the Dardanelles, May 5th, 1915, aged 29. Buried at sea. Son of Stephen B. Dixon, of Pewsey. En- tered 3rd Wilts, obtained commission in ist Essex Regt. July, 1907. Served in India and §. Africa. Captain, February, 1915. Proceeded to Dardanelles, April, 1915. Obit. notices, Wzltshire Gazette, May 13th and June 3rd, 1915. Captain Edward Graham Mylne, died of wounds at Rouen, » June 12th, 1915. Son of Bishop Mylne, formerly Vicar of Marlborough St. Mary’s. Educated at Marlborough College and Keble College, Oxford. Joined Royal Irish Constabulary, 1905, and on the outbreak of war joined the Irish Guards with the rank of captain. Obit. notice (by “ L.G.M.”—his father) in Guardian, reprinted in Wiltshire Gazette, July 15th, 1915. Captain Geoffrey Wilson, of the Wilts Regt., s. of Dr. Mervyn Wilson, of Chippenham. Killed in action in France. Educated at Marlborough College. Promoted Captain after the battle of Neuve Chapelle for the skilful way in which he assumed command of his company. Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Sept. 30th, 1915. Captain Evelyn S, Wilson, 2nd East Yorks Regt., aged 22. Killed in action in Flanders, Oct. [7] 1915. 8S. of Dr. Mervyn Wilson, of Chippenham. Educated at St. Peter’s School, Weston-super-Mare, Marlborough College, and Sandhurst. He played in the Marlborough eleven. Served two years in India with his regiment, took charge of a large camp in Yorkshire, and went to the front in June, 1915, with rank of Captain. Obit. notices, Wiltshire Times, Oct. 9th ; Wiltshire Gazette, Oct. 14th, 1915. Captain William Edwin Jenkins, Northumberland Fusiliers, killed in action in France, Oct. 1st—3rd, 1915, aged 33. Son of late W. H. Jenkins, of Trowbridge. Enlisted about fifteen years ago, and became a N.C.O. Was in India with his regiment when war broke out, was given a commission and sent to the front. He was wounded, recovered, returned to the front, and was promoted Captain. Obit. notices, Wiltshire Gazette, Oct. 14th, 1915. Wilts Obituary. 265 Captain Charles Gordon Bond, killed in action in Flanders, Nov. 25th, 1915, aged 34. Buried in cemetery at Givenchy. Son of Rev. Gordon Bond, of Ditchampton House, Wilton, formerly Vicar of S. Newton. An officer in the Ist Wilts Rifle Volunteer Corps, joined Wilts 2nd Batt. as Second-Lieutenant 1903, Lieutenant 1905, Captain 1912. Adjutant, 4th (Territorial) Batt., Oct. 1912—1915, doing ex- cellent work for the Battalion. Well known asa cricketer in Wiltshire. He was killed the day after he joined the 2nd Batt. at the front. He leaves a widow and infant son. Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Dec. 9th, 1915. Captain Sholto Douglas, 16th (Public Schools) Batt., Middlesex Regt. Killed in action in France, Jan. 28th, 1916, aged 42. Fourth s. of late Sir Robert Kennaway Douglas and Lady Douglas, of Beleombe Lodge, Bradford-on-Avon. B. at Larkbear House, Norwood, educated Dulwich College. Served as trooper in Wilts Yeomanry in 5. African War,afterwardsi Headmaster of Hillside Preparatory School, Godalming. Joined 16th Middlesex Regt., with rank of Lieut. on outbreak of war. Obit. notices, Wiltshire Gazette; Wiltshire Times, Feb. 15th, 1916. Captain Mervyn Stronge Richardson, ist Royal Welsh Fusiliers, died of wounds in France, March, 1916, aged 21. Youngest son of Capt. Arthur Percy Richardson, of Purton House. Educated at Bilton Grange, Rugby, Radley College, and Sandhurst. At Radley he was captain of the boats for two years. He was a member of the Leander Club. Gained commission in 2nd Royal Welsh Fusiliers, Aug., 1914, wounded April, 1915, promoted temporary captain Dec., 1915, having returned to the front in September. Obit. notices, Z%mes, March 22nd; N. Wilts Herald, March 24th, 1916. Lieut. Vivian George Starkey, 7th King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, killed in action Oct. 14th, 1915. Son of late Rev. George A. Starkey, of Whiteparish, and St. James, Piccadilly. Born 1882, educated at Harrow and Ball. Coll., Oxon. Obtained Doctor’s degree with highest distinction in philology in Vienna University. Professor of Romance Languages at Hartley University College, Southampton. At outbreak of war he enlisted and obtained a commission in January, 1915. A work by him on the Rumanian dialects was about to be published by the Vienna University. Obit. notice, Zzmes, Oct. 23rd, 1915. Lieut. William James de Vere Scott, killed in action at the Dardanelles, June Ist, 1915, aged 25. Son of J. Scott, of the Down, Trowbridge. Educated at the Technical School, Trowbridge, and Bristol University. B.A., London. He held masterships in technical schools and afterwards as English Master at Cairo. Obtaining a commission late in 1914 in the 8th Manchester Regt., he went to the Dardanelles. Obit. notice, Wiltshire Times, June 26th, 1915. 266 Wilts Obituary. Lieut. Sydney Giffard, died of wounds received at the Dardanelles, aged 25, May, 1915. Fifth son of H. R. Giffard, of Lockeridge. Educated at Marlborough College. Entered army, R.F.A., July, 1910, Lieut., 1913. He had already been wounded in France, came home, recovered, and went out to the Dardanelles in April. Brother of | Capt. R. Giffard, killed some months before. Obit. notice, Waltshire Gazette, May 13th, 1915. Lieut. Charles Eric Moulton, killed in action in France, Sept. 16th, 1915, aged 26. Second s. of John and Alice Moulton, of the Hall, Bradford-on-Avon. Educated at Eton, served as apprentice for three years at engineering works of Messrs. Stotherd & Pitt, Bath. After- wards studied chemistry at London University for a year, and then became assistant works manager at the Bradford Mills of Messrs. Spencer, Moulton, & Co., where he was held in great esteem. Obtained © commission as 2nd Lieut. Sept. 22nd, 1914. Gazetted to 6th Wilts and promoted Lieut., July 17th, 1915. He was very popular with his regiment, Obit. notices, Waltshire Gazette, Sept. 23rd; Wultshire News, Sept. 24th; Wiltshire Times, Sept. 25th ; the two last with portraits. Lieut. Roger Poore, killed in action in Flanders, Sept. 19th, 1915, aged 29. Only child of Admiral Sir Richard Poore, of Winsley Corner, Bradford-on-Avon. Entered the Navy, but having to leave it on ac- count of bad health, went abroad as a rubber planter. Returned and entered the R.F.A. on outbreak of war. Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Oct. 14th, 1915. Lieut. Geoffrey Pierre Guillebaud, 6th North Lancashire Regt. Died of wounds at Gallipoli, Aug. 10th, 1915, aged 20. Youngest | son of Rev. J. A. Guillebaud, Rector of Yatesbury. Educated at | Marlborough College, which he left in July, 1914, having wona | scholarship at Oriel College, Oxford. On the outbreak of war he obtained a commission and went to the Dardanellesin June. A young man of much promise, and much beloved. Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Oct. 14th, 1915. Lieut. Hugh Montague Butterworth, killed in action in Flanders, Sept. 25th, 1915, aged 29. Only son of G. M. Butterworth, of Christchurch, New Zealand ; formerly solicitor, Swindon. Educated at Hazelwood, Limpsfield; Marlborough College; and Univ. Coll, Oxon. Captain of the Cadet Corps, and member of the cricket, football, and hockey teams at Marlborough. An all-round athlete. Went to New Zealand, 1907, aud became assistant teacher of Collegiate School, Wanganui. Returned to England and received commission in 9th Batt., Rifle Brigade, March, 1915. Went to the front in May, and had been in command of his company since July 30th. ‘ His name had long been sent in for captain’s rank.” Obit. notices, Zimes, Oct. 11th; Wiltshire Gazette, Oct. 14th, 1915. Wilts Obituary. 267 Lieut. F. C, Coleman, of the 6th Wilts Regt., killed in action in Flanders, Sept. 24th, 1915. Hducated at Clarence St. Council School, and Technical Institute, Swindon. Bristol University, 1909. B.Sc. 1913, M.Se. 1914. Obtained a commission in 6th Wilts Nov., 1914, and went to the front July, 1915. A most popular and useful officer. Obit. notices, V. Wilts Herald, Oct. 8th; Wiltshire Gazette, Oct. 14th, 1915. Lieut. Arthur Bertram Randolph, ist Welsh Guards, killed in action in France, Sept. 27th, 1915, aged 32. Son of Capt. Arthur Randolph, of Kastcourt, Malmesbury. Married, 1910, Saffron, d. of Harry Pickersgill Cunlitfe, of Staughton Manor, St. Neots. Lieut. H. C. Jones, died (of wounds received near Ypres on Nov. 16th, 1915,) Jan., 1916, aged 31. Buried at Christ Church, Bradford- on-Avon. Eldest son of C. J. Jones, of Silver Street, Bradford-on-Avon. Emigrated to Canada, enlisted in Motor Transport Section of Canadian Contingent and came to Engiand with rank of sergeant, afterwards gaining a commission as Ist Lieutenant, in the Toronto Battalion. Obit. notice and portrait, Werltshire Times, Jan. 8th, 1916. 2nd-Lieut. Ferdinand Marsham-Townshend, killed near Ypres, May 16th, 1915, aged 35. Younger son of Hon. Robert Marsham-Townshend and grandson of second Earl of Romney. Dauntsey House and property, left to him by Lady Meux, was sold by him. He occupied for some time the Manor House, Wroughton, and was well known in racing circles, owning a number of steeple chasers. He gained his commission in the Scots Guards in Feb., 1915, and was at the front but a short time. Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, June 3rd, 1915. 2nd-Lieut. Herbert Field Etherington, 2nd Dragoon Guards, died of wounds in France, Jan. 8th, 1916, aged 27. Elder son of late A. H. Etherington, of Bentham House, Purton. Educated Marlborough College. Member of the publishing firm of Herbert Relach, Ltd. He contributed frequently to the Yachting Monthly, and many magazines and reviews. Commissioned in the 2nd Reserve Regiment of Cavalry, from which he was transferred to the 2nd Dragoon Guards. Obit. notice, Wrltshire Gazette, Jan. 27th, 1916. 2nd-Lieut. John Harold Clark, 2nd Wilts Regt., killed in action in Flanders, Sept. 25th, 1915, aged 24. Only son of J. W. Clark, of Salisbury. Educated at Cleveland House School, Salisbury, and Lewisham College, Weston-super-Mare. Had been for two years in Australia. On the outbreak of war he enlisted in Wilts Yeomanry, and afterwards gained a commission in the 3rd Wilts, and was attached to the 2nd Wilts. Obit. notice, Salisbury Journal, Oct. 9th, 1915. 268 Wilts Obituary. 2nd-Lieut. Edward St, Lawrence Bonvalot, killed in action, Oct. 8th, 1915, aged 24. Eldest son of Mr. Bonvalot, of Wick House, Downton. Educated at Eton and Trin. Coll., Cambridge. Obtained a commission on outbreak of the war in 2nd Coldstream Guards. Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Oct. 14th, 1915. 2nd-Lieut. Herbert William O’ Reilly, 2nd Irish Rifles, died of wounds received on the 19th in action, in France, Jan. 20th, 1916. Son of late T. G. O’ Reilly, of High Street, Devizes, joined Public School and University Corps, Sept., 1914, afterwards transferred to 2nd Royal Trish Rifles. Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Jan. 27th, 1916. 2nd-Lieut. C. E. T. Tudor-Jones, East Lancs. Regt., attached Flying Corps, killed in aerial combat in France, Dec. 15th, 1915. Second son of Mr. Tudor-Jones, solicitor, Swindon. Articled as solicitor, he joined army on outbreak of war and was attached to the Royal Flying Corps in France about a month before his death. Obit. notice, Wiltshare Gazette, Jan. 20th, 1916. Lieut. John Alexander Thynne,ViscountWeymouth, eldest s. of the Marquis of Bath, killed in action in France, Feb., 1916, aged 20. Born at Widcombe House, Bath, Nov. 29th, 1895. Educated at Eton and Sandhurst Commissioned in Royal Scots Greys, Dec., 1914. He had been at the front about three months. Obit. notices, Wltshire Gazette, Feb. 17th; Wiltshire Times, Feb. 19th, 1916. Lieut. Ronald Barclay Love, aged 23, killed in action in France, March 15th, 1916. §S. of W. J. Love, of Westbury Leigh. En- listed in 9th Gloucester Regt., and obtained commission in 8th Lincoln Regt. a year ago. He was educated at Warminster Grammar School, 1905—1910, and articled to Messrs. Hudson, Smith, Briggs, & Co., accountants, of Bristol. Obit. notice and portrait, Weltshere Times, March 25th, 1916. Sir John Michael Fleetwood Fuller, Bart,K.C.M.G.. died at Cottles, Melksham, Sept. 4th, 1915, after an operation, aged 51. Buried at Neston. Born Oct. 21st, 1864, eldest son of George Pargiter Fuller, of Neston. Educated Winchester, 1878 ; Ch. Ch., Oxon, 1883. B.A. 1887; M.A. 1900. Lieut. Wilts Yeomanry, 1884, Major 1901. J.P. Wilts, 1886. Alderman of Wilts County Council 1889—1911. Liberal M.P. Westbury Division 1900 —1911. Baronet 1910. Governor of Victoria 1911—1914. K.C.M.G. 1911. Extra A.D.C. to Gov. Gen. of India 1894; unpaid Lord of the Treasury 1906 —7 ; Vice-Chamberlain of H.M. Household 1907. Married, 1898, Norah Jacintha, second d. of C. N. P. Phipps, of Chalcot, who, with two sons and four daughters, survives him. The eldest son, John Gerard Henry Fleetwood, b. July 8th, 1906, succeeds to the title. Previous to his election for West a Wilts Obituary. 269 Wilts (Westbury) in 1900 he had unsuccessfully contested N.W. Wilts 1892, Bath 1895, and Salisbury 1897, as a Liberal. He resigned his Australian Governorship in 1914, owing to ill-health. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Colonial Institute 1911. Up to 1914 he had taken a prominent part in the public life of the county and was well known and popular with both sides in politics in N. Wilts. Long obit. notices, Wiltshire Gazette, Sept. 9th; Wiltshire Times, (with two portraits,) and Salisbury Journal, Sept. 11th, 1915. Rev. George Randolph Hadow, died July 6th, 1915, aged 70. Buried at Warminster. Jesus Coll., Camb., B.A. 1866, M.A. 1870. Deacon 1868, Priest 1869 (Rochester). Curate of Harpenden 1868—71 ; Crayford 1871—76; Ashbourne 1876—77; Wilton 1878—80 ; Rector of Calstone 1880—1901 ; Rector of Wylye 1901—1912, when he resigned and went to live at Warminster. Dio. Inspector of Schools for Wylye Deanery 1905—12. Both at Calstone and at Wylye he was known as an earnest temperance advocate,an excellent organiser, and an unusually successful parish priest, who won the universal respect of his people. He took a considerable part in diocesan committees and institutions, especially in educational matters. Possessed of late years of a con- siderable income, he was an extremely generous donor to all sorts of diocesan objects, and was always willing to help in archzological objects promoted by the Wilts Arch. Soc. Of late years he had been an invalid. He published :— ‘‘The Registers of the Parish of Wylye in the County of Wilts. Published by the Rev. G. R. Hadow, M.A., from Transcripts made by T. H. Baker and J. J. Hammond. Devizes, 1913.” 102in. X 7in. Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, July 15th, 1915. Rev. James Hamlyn Hill, D.D,, died July 9th, 1915, aged 68. Buried at Urchfont. Born in Guernsey; sen. scholar St. Cath Coll., Camb. B.A. (26th Wrangler) 1869; M.A., 1872; B.D. 18938 ; D,D. 1896. Deacon, 1870; priest, 1871 (Chester). Curate of Wallasey, 1870—72 ; Ass. Math. Master, Manchester Gram. School, 1872—87 ; Charlton-on- Medlock, 1877—84; Licensed preacher Dio. of Manchester, 1884—89 ; Curate, Westbury-on-Trym, 1891—6; Vicar of Urchfont with Stert, 1896 until his death; Rural Dean of Enford, 1911 until his death. During his incumbency the Church was restored, a new organ installed, and the schools largely improved. He wasa Guardian and District Councillor since 1901, and was an excellent business man. He was never married. As a member of the Wilts Arch. Soc, he was always ready to help financially in its undertakings. A considerable scholar and theologian he was the author of the following works .— “The Gospel of the Lord, an Early version which was circulated by Marcion of Sinope as the Original Gospel. Translated by eel SO 7tin. Xin: “The Earliest Life of Christ ever compiled from the Four Gospels, being the Diatessaron of atian circ. A.D. 160. Literally 270 Wilts Obituary. translated from the Arabic version. . . . Edinburgh. 1894.” Sins <2 im. ‘“A Dissertation on the Gospel Commentary of 8S. Ephrem the Syrian, with a Scriptural Index to his Works. Edinburgh. 1896.” Qin. X 54in. Long obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, July 15th, 1915. Edward Baverstock Merriman, died May 28th, 1915, aged 75. Buried at St. Katherine’s, Savernake. Son of Thomas Baverstock Merriman. B. at Marlborough, Dec. 10th, 1839. Educated at Win- chester and Exeter Coll., Oxon. He rowed in the Oxford Boat, 1861. He followed his father’s profession of solicitor and banker. Admitted solicitor 1864, and entered the office of his father and uncle at Marl- borough, Messrs. T. B. and W. Merriman and Gwillim. He gave most of his attention to the bank in Silverless Street, “ Ward, Merriman, & Co.,” which in 1866 amalgamated with the N. Wilts Banking Co. and later with the Hampshire Banking Co., developing eventually into the Capital and Counties Bank, of which he was elected chairman in 1885. He also acted as a solicitor, retiring in 1906, and was at one time steward for many estates in Wiltshire, amongst them those of Littlecote, Savernake, Froxfield Hospital, and St. John’s'Coll., at Wootton Rivers. From his Oxford days he had been a keen Volunteer, he succeeded his father as Captain of the Marlborough Company of the 2nd Wilts Volunteers, and later on commanded the Battalion for thirteen years. In later years the large increase of his banking business withdrew him more and more from Wiltshire. He was a Lieutenant of the City of London, and was a Knight Commander of the Portuguese order of Our Lady of the Conception of Villaviciosa. He was chairman or director of many other businesses besides the bank. Since 1890 he had held the office of County Treasurer of Wilts. He lived in former years at Manton Grange, Kennet Manor, and Durley House. He was a promi- nent Freemason. Long obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, June 3rd, 1915. Canon Charles Adams Houghton, died Oct. 15th, 1915, aged 77. Exeter Coll., Oxon, B.A., 1860 ; M.A., 1863. Deacon, 1868 ; priest, 1864 (Sarum). Curate of Coombe Bissett, 1864—68 ; Vicar of East Harnham, and Chaplain of Alderbury Union, 1868—75 ; Rector of St. Peter’s, Marlborough, 1875—98 ; Chaplain of Marlborough Union, 1877--87; Preb. of Salisbury Cathedral, 1881; Vicar of W. Alvington (Devon), 1887—98 ; Vicar of St. Matthew’s, Exeter, 1898—1909; Rector of St. Petrock with St. Kerrian, Exeter, 1909 until his death. Rural Dean of Woodleigh (Devon), 1893—98. He was the author of :— “Life and Revelation,” 1892. | “The Joys of the Cross,” 1911. | “Problems of Life,” 1911. Canon Johnson Baily, died Oct. 18th, 1915, aged 80. Buried at Greenside Cemetery. Born at Calne, 1835. Educated at private James Stratton, died Sept., 1915. Wilts Obituary. 271 school at Dorking, King’s Coll., and Trin. Coll., Camb. B.A. (Sen. opt.) 1857, M.A., 1860; Ad eundem Durham M.A. 1872. Deacon, 1859; priest, 1860 (Manchester). Curate of Ch. Ch., Salford, 1859—63; Bishop Middleham (Dur.). 1863—68 ; Vicar of Pallion (Dur.), 1868—83 ; Proctor for Archdeaconry of Durham, 1886—1909; Vicar of 8S. Shields, 1883—91 ; Rector of Ryton-on-Tyne, 1891—1909; Rural Dean of Chester le Street, 1895—1909 ; Hon. Canon of Durham, 1889. Greatly interested in educational matters. He was well known and highly esteemed in the Diocese of Durham. He leaves three sons and two daughters. Obit. notice, Weltshire Gazette, Oct. 21st, 1915. John Saffrey Whitaker, died Oct. 19th, 1915, aged 75. Buried at Bratton Baptist Burial Ground. Son of Joshua Whitaker, whom he succeeded at Grant’s Farm, Bratton, which has been held by the family for many generations. Married d. of James Hancock of Chippenham, and leaves one son and three daughters. Nepresented Bratton on the Westbury Board of Guardians from 1865, of which he was chairman for many years, and sat on the County Council for eleven years. A staunch supporter of the Baptist Church at Bratton. Had been President of Wilts and Hast Somerset Baptist Association. He was a trustee of many Baptist Charities, and took a prominent part in local matters. Long obit. notice, Wiltshire Times, Oct. 23rd, 1915. [William Maxwell Hammick. In the obituary notice which appeared on p. 118 of this Magazine, Mr. Hammick’s father’s name should have been The Rev. Sir St. Vincent Hammick (instead of Sir Vincent), and his son’s should have been Capt. Robert Townsend Hammick R.A. (instead of A.D.C.) He also left two daughters, Georgiana, widow of Capt. Edmund Nelson Fisher, of the Manchester Regt., and Miss L. Alexander Hammick.] Buried at Chilcombe, near Winchester. Born Nov. 28th, 1837, second s. of Richard Stratton, of Broad Hinton, a leading agriculturist of his day. Held Salthrop Farm, 1861. Moved to Chilcombe, 1866, where he resided until his death. He also held St. Cross Farm, near Winchester, and other farms in that neighbourhood, and Alton Priors, Alton Barnes, and Shaw Farm, in Wiltshire. At one time he was farming about 6000 acres, a part of which he owned as well as farmed, and was perhaps the largest tenant farmer in the South of England. In the bad farming days he introduced steam cultivation and other new methods, laid arable land down to grass, and so made a profit where others were ruined. At one time he milked between 300 and 400 cows. He was an acknowledged authority on cattle and sheep. Tor 25 years he represented Hampshire at the Central Chamber of Agriculture. He was amember of Mr. Yerburgh’s Committee on the question of National Wheat Stores, 1898. He was a prominent member of the Council of the Royal Counties Agricultural Society, whose annual show was held on three occasions 272 Wilts Obituary. on his land at Chileombe. He took a leading part in all local agricul- tural matters. He gave up farming in 1909 and handed over his farms to his sons. He was churchwarden of Chilcombe for nearly thirty years. He was twice married and had seven sons and five daughters. He was a strong Conservative and tariff reformer. He was the author of :— “Rural Reminiscences.” Winchester. [1901]. Cr. 8vo. “ A History of the Wiltshire Strattons.” Winchester, Fred Smith, Printer & Publisher, 166, High Street. [1902.] Cloth, 7in. X 421in, pp. 117. Long obit. notice, Hampshire Chronicle, reprinted in Waltshire Gazette, Sept. 23rd, 1915. Joseph Carpenter. died Nov. 10th, 1915, aged 81. Buried at Burcombe. Born at Rowdefield Farm, 1834. ‘Took Lake Farm, near Amesbury, 1853, and afterwards Burcombe Manor Farm, retiring later on to the Manor House, Stratford-sub-Castle, where he lived until his death. He married Miss Mundy, of Enford, and leaves four daughters unmarried. J.P. for Wilts ; Chairman of Wilton Rural District Council for many years ; an original member of the County Council, representing the Wylye Division until the last election, when he retired ; an original member of the Wilts Agricultural Society ; and for twenty-one years a member of Salisbury Synod. One of the best known agriculturists in the county, and widely esteemed and respected. Obit. notice, Weltshire Gazette, Nov. 18th, 1915. Henry Kinneir, died May 20th, 1915, aged 83. Son of Dr. Richard Kinneir, of Cricklade, started practice as a solicitor at Swindon, 1864. Here he was well known and held many public offices, Registrar of County Court, Clerk to Justices of Cricklade Division, &c. He took an active part in founding the Victoria Hospital at Swindon, and was a prominent Freemason. He married first a daughter of H. C. Tombs and secondly a daughter of Samuel Tombs, of Droitwich, who, with a son and three daughters, survives him. William Chandler, died May 8th, 1915, aged 72. Buried at Ald- bourne. Born July 26th, 1842. As tenant of the North Farm he was greatly respected in Aldbourne, where he was churchwarden for thirty years up to 1906. He was a man of archeological tastes, was present at many of the annual meetings of our Society, of which he was a member, and formed a colle-tion of Roman objects, coins, flint imple- ments, &c., found at Aldbourne, some of which have since his death been presented to the Society’s Museum by his widow. Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, May 20th, 1915. T. Swanborough, died July 27th, 1915, aged 45. Born at Malmesbury, son of a police sergeant, came to Melksham about 1891, and entered the service of the Rubber Company of Messrs. Brown & Margetson as a clerk, becoming manager later on. When the business became the Avon India Rubber Company, he became co-managing Frederick Victor Dickins, C.B, M.B. Wilts Obituary. 273 director with Mr. R. F. Fuller, and under their direction the business increased by leaps and bounds, until recently 1000 hands have been employed. He was held in much respect both in the works and in the town, and was a prominent Freemason and Churchman. Long obit. notice, with portrait, Wiltshire Times, July 81st, 1915. George Monkhouse Wilson, died June 20th, 1915, aged 61. Buried at Wilton. Born 1854, s. of Richard Monkhouse Wilson, of Salisbury. Educated, Elizabeth Coll., Guernsey. Articled at his father’s office. He was for thirty-six years Clerk to the Wilton District Council and Board of Guardians, and for some years Clerk to the Salisbury Commissioners of Taxes. Mayor of Wilton, 1882, Commanded the the Wilton Company of the old 1st Wilts Volunteers. He held other offices at Wilton, took a prominent part in the revival of the Wilton Carpet Factory, and had held many high offices as a Freemason. He leaves a widow and two sons, both of whom are serving as Lieutenants in the army. Obit. notice, Salisbury Journal, June 26th, 1915, James Mead, diedSept. 25th, 1915, aged 77. Buried at West Lavington. Born at West Lavington. Apprenticed to a carpenter at Beckington, returned to Lavington, and for forty-two years acted as under steward of the Churchill Estate, retiring when the estate was sold to Mr. Thomas Holloway. He took a prominent part in all parish matters, and was most highly esteemed at Lavington. Long obit notice, Weltshire Gazette, Sept. 30th, 1915. Rev. Hanworth Hart Rackham, died suddenly during service in Church on January 22nd, 1916, aged 55. Buried in Swindon Cemetery. Wore. Coll., Oxon. B.A., 1889; M.A., 1893. Cuddesdon Coll., 1890. Deacon, 1890; priest, 1891 (Worc.). Curate of Kidder- minster, 1890—1900 ; Vicar of St. Paul’s, Swindon, 1900 until his death, A pronounced High Churchman, he was a man of much influence in Swindon. During his incumbency the Dowling St. Mission Hall and the new vestry to the Church were built. Obit. notice, V. Wilts Herald, Jan. 28th, 1916. (London), B.Sc., M.R.CS., died Aug. 16th, 1915,aged 77. Buried at Seend. Born May 24th, 1838, eldest s. of Thomas Dickins, J.P., of Edgemoor House, Broughton, Manchester. Lived in childhood at Middleton, Lanes., where his father had established a silk factory for dyeing, printing, &e, Educated at a private school at Atherstone, at Rossall, and at the Lycée Buonaparte, in Paris. M.B. and B.Sc. of London University. Gold medallist for Physiology and Comparative Anatomy 1861, M.R.C.S. 1859. Entered navy as medical officer 1862; served on H.M.S. Sans Pareil and Coromandel 1862—63. In sole charge of Naval Hospital, Yokohama 1864. Practised as barrister in H.B..M.’s Court, Yokohama. Called to Bar, Middle Temple, 1870. Practised in Wilts Obituary. Egypt 1882, in which year he was appointed Assistant Registrar at London University, becoming Registrar 1896 to 1901, when he retired and received the C.B. He lived at Seend Lodge 1901 until his death. He married, 1869, Mary, d. of W. M. Wilkinson, of Ryecroft House, Manchester, who, with two sons and two daughters, survives him. He was a member of the Atheneum Club. At:the third ‘‘ Congrés Pre- historique de France,” in 1908, he read a paper on the Megalithic Remains of Japan, and was elected ‘* Officier d’ Academie.” He was Reader in Japanese in the University of Bristol, and was a recognised authority on Karly Japanese MSS., many of which he edited and translated. He had ‘‘read widely and was familiar with the chief advances in physical and natural science . . . but his speciality was Japanese and to a less extent Chinese language and literature.” Though he took no public part in county matters he was active in the affairs of his own parish and the Seend Reading Room owes much to him. Obit. notices, Mature and Wiltshire Gazette, Aug. 26th; Lancet, Sept. 4th, 1915. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HIs PUBLISHED WRITINGS. HYAKUNIN Is’sHIU OR STANZAS BY A CENTURY OF POETS, BEING JAPANESE LyRICcAL ODES, TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH WITH EXPLANATORY NoTES. THE TEXT IN JAPANESE AND ROMAN CHARACTERS, AND A FULL INDEx. By F. V. Dicxuys, M.B. Lonpon: Smitu, ELprr, & Co., 65, CoRNHILL, 1866. pp. ix. + 52, Appendix, pp. xxv., Texts, pp. xix. CHIUSHINGURA oR THE Loyat Leacur. A JAPANESE RoMANCE, — TRANSLATED By FRrepERIcK Vicror Dickins, Sc. B. of the | Mippie Tempe, BARRISTER-AT-LAW. WITH NOTES AND AN | APPENDIX CONTAINING A METRICAL VERSION OF THE BALLAD | or TAKASAGO AND A SPECIMEN OF THE ORIGINAL TEXT 1N THE JAPANESE CHARACTERS. ILLUSTRATED BY NUMEROUS EN- ENGRAVINGS ON WOOD, DRAWN AND EXECUTED BY JAPANESE | ARTISTS AND PRINTED ON JAPANESE PAPER, New [2nd] | Epition. Lonpon: ALLEN & Co., WaTERLOO PLACE. 1880, Cloth, 10in. X 6in. pp. xili. + 2 + 202. 29 plates. First edition, Yokohama, 1875. Third edition, ‘‘ with notes and an appendix containing the Ballad of Takasago.” London and Glasgow: Gowans & Gray. 1910, Pamphlet. ‘‘Gowan’s new Sixpenny Series. No.1.” 83in. X bein. pp. Lior Tue Seven Gops or HAprPiness. ESSAY ON A PORTION OF THE RELIGIOUS WORSHIP OF THE JAPANESE. TRANSLATED FROM THE JAPANESE BY CARLO PUINI AND FROM THE ITALIAN into Enouiso By F. V. Dickins. Reap JuNeE 11, 1880. [REPRINTED FROM JOURNAL OF THE Royal ASIATIC SOCIETY, VoL. viii. pp. 427 to 461.] Pamphlet, 8vo. VOL. XXXIX.—NO. CXXIV. Wilts Obituary. 275 THe “KANA” TRANSLITERATION SYSTEM. By F. VY. DICKINs. Reap Marcu 9, 1880, BEFORE THE ASIATIC SocIETY OF JAPAN. Pamphlet. Fueaku Hiyaku-Ketr, on A HUNDRED Views oF Fusi(FUSIYAMA) BY Hoxkusal. INTRODUCTORY AND EXPLANATORY PREFACES WITH TRANSLATIONS FROM THE JAPANESE, AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE Puates. By Frepk. V. Dickins, Sc. B. or THE MIDDLE TemPLe, BARRISTER-AT-LAW. Lonpon: B.T. Batsrorp, 52, HigH HoLporn. 1880. Stiff boards, 82in. X 6in., pp. xxvill. + 70. 2 illustrations. 3 vols. of plates on Japanese paper same size. THE Oxp Bamsoo Hewer’s Story (TAKETORI No Okina No MonocaTarRt). THE HARLIEST OF THE JAPANESE RoMANCEs, WRITTEN IN THE TENTH CENTURY. TRANSLATED WITH oB- SERVATIONS AND NoTEsS BY F. Victor DICKINS, WITH THE ORIGINAL TEXT IN RoMAN AND THREE CHROMOLITHOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS TAKEN FROM JAPANESE MAKIMONO. REPRINTED FROM THE JOURNAL OF THE RoyAL ASIATIC SOCIETY. Lonpon: TRUBNER & Co., LuDGATE HILL. 1887. Pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 58. THE SToRY OF SHIUTEN Dost. From A JAPANESE “MAKIMONO” IN six “Ken” on Rowtis. By F. V. Dicxtins, M.R.AS. FRoM THE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, VoL. xvii., Pr. I. Pamphlet, 83in X 5%in., pp. 28, with 4 coloured folding plates. A JOURNAL KEPT IN KaRAFutTo,. A PAPER BY MR. F. Victor DickiIns, READ BEFORE THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF Lonpon, Dec. 11, 1895. Pamphlet. A Sort Memoir oF Ito Keisuke, Rigaku Hakust (Doctor oF PuoitosopHy), By Tokutaro Ito, D.Sc., WITH A PORTRAIT. [TRANSLATED BY F. V. Dickins.| From “ANNALS oF Botany,” Vo.. xiv., No. lv., 1900, pp. 401 to 411. Pamphlet, 93in. X 64in. Tue Manewa orf Hoxusal KatsusHika Hoxkusatl: A BIloGRAPHY FROM THE JIMMEI-JISHO, THE PREFACES To THE MAnGwa, THE CONTENTS foF THE Manawa. A Paper By F. Vicror Dickins, C.B., M.J.S., READ BEFORE THE JAPAN SOCIETY oF Lonpon, Dec. 9TH, 1908. Pamphlet. THE STATUE OF AMIDA THE NIORAI IN THE MUSEE CERNUSCHI. By F. Victor Dickins. FRom THE “JoURNAL OF THE RoyvaL ASIATIC Society,’ JULY, 1903. Pamphlet, 83in. X 54in., pp. 433 to 446. One plate. 276 Wilts Obituary. A JAPANESE THOREAU OF THE TWELFTH Century. By MINAKATA Kumacusu. F. Victor Dickins. From tHe “JouRNAL OF THE RoyaL ASIATIC Socrety,” APRIL, 1905. Pamphlet, 8vo., pp. 237 to 264. PRIMITIVE & MEDIHVAL JAPANESE TEXTS TRANSLITERATED INTO RomaN witH InNtTRopucTIONS, NorEs, AND GLOSSARIES BY FrepeRIcK Victor Dicxkins, C.B., someTIME REGISTRAR OF THE UNIVERSITY oF London. WitH A ComMPpANION VoLUMB oF TRANSLATIONS (JAPANESE QUOTATION, MENCIUS). OXFORD : AT THE CLARENDON PRgss, 1906. Linen, 9in. + 6in., pp. including titles and introduction xxxvi. + B00: ; PRIMITIVE & MeEpDI#aVAL JAPANESE Texts TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH, WITH INTRODUCTIONS, NOTES AND GLOSSARIES, BY FRepeRick Victor Dickins, C.B., SoMETIME REGISTRAR OF THE UNiversity OF LONDON. ILLUSTRATED FROM JAPANESE SOURCES, WITH A COMPANION VOLUME OF ROMANIZED TEXTs. (JAPANESE QuoTATION, MENCIUS). OXFORD: AT THE CLAREN- DON Press, 1906. Linen, 9in. X 6in., pp., Introduction, We., evill. + 419. Dedication to Rt. Hon. Sir Ernest Satow, G.C.M.G. Preface dated Seend, 1906. Map and 11 Illustrations. This and the preceding volume forming 2 volumes, price 21s., were the author’s most important works. Ho-Jo-KI (NOTES FROM A TEN FEET SQUARE HUT). FROM THE JAPANESE OF KAMo NO CHOMEI, A BUDDHIST RECLUSE OF THE 12tTa Century. (TRANSLATED) By F. Vicror Dickins, C.B. PusLIsHEeD BY Gowans & GRay, Limirep, 5, RoBert Sr., Ape.pPHI, Lonpon, W.C.; 58, CaDoGaN St., GLAscow. 1907. Gowan’s INTERNATIONAL LipraARY. No. 15. 6d. NET. Pamphlet, 5fin. X 4in., pp. 38. THe LITERATURE OF PRIMITIVE JAPAN. A Paper By F. Victor Dickins, C.B., M.J.S. READ BEFORE THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF Lonpon, JANUARY 9, 1907. PRrintTeD By WILLIAM CLOWES & Sons, Limrrep, LonDoNn AND BECCLES. Pamphlet, 92in. X 6#in., pp. 32, 12 plates. QUELQUES REMARQUES SUR LES MEGALITHES DU JAPON, D’APRES Le Pr. Gownanp, Par F. Victor DickIns (SEEND, WILTS, ANGLETERRE) TROISIEME ConGRES PREHISTORIQUE DE FRANCE. Session pb’ AuTUN, 1907. Le Mans IMpRIMERIE MoNNOYER. 1908. Pamphlet, 9#in. X 64in., pp. 7 (pp. 474—480), 9 illustrations. Tue Makura Kotosa or PRIMITIVE JAPANESE VERSE By F. Vioror Dickins, Esq. ‘TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY or JAPAN. VoL. xxxv., Part 4. YoKkoHAMA, SHANGHAI, HonGKONG, SINGAPORE: Kertity & WatsH, L’p. ToKyo: Wilts Obituary. 277 Z. P. Maruya Co., L’p. Lonpon: KEcGan Pau, TRUEBNER, & Co. L’p. lLerpzic: Otro HarassowitTz. Price Yen 2.00. 1908. Pamphlet, 94in. X 62in., pp. 113. A TRANSLATION OF THE JAPANESE ANTHOLOGY KNOWN AS HYAKUNIN IssHiu oR HUNDRED PoEMsS BY A HUNDRED Poets. By F. Victor Dickins. From “JouRNAL OF THE RoyaAL ASIATIC SoctlEty,” APRIL, 1909. Pamphlet, 8vo., pp. 857 to 391. THE SToRY oF A HIDA CRAFTSMAN (H1DA No TAKUMI MONOGATARI) By RokoJuIzEN with Hokusal's [ILLUSTRATIONS (IN REDUCED FACSIMILE). TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINAL JAPANESE WITH SOME ANNOTATIONS, BY FREDERICK Victor Dickins, C.B. Gowans & Gray, Lrp., 5, Ropert St., ADELPHI, LoNDon,W.C. ; 56, CADOGAN St., GLASGow. 1912. Pp. x. + 170. SKETCH PoRTRAITURES OF FAR EASTERN LANGUAGES. JAPANESE. FRomM THE “ MoDERN QUARTERLY OF LANGUAGE AND LITER- ATURE,” No. 5. Pamphlet. He was the author of the Sections on Zoology and Botany in Kelly’s “ Handbook to Japan,” and of the Japanese period in the “ Lafe of Sir Harry Parkes,” H.B. Minister in Japan and China, this latter in collaboration with Stanley Lane Poole. From 1877 to 1878 he was the proprietor and editor of the “ Japan Weekly Mail.” For several years he was a regular contributor to “ The Spectator” and also to “ The Atheneum.” [For the above “ List” the Editor is indebted to the kindness of Mrs. Dickins and Mr. A. Schomberg. | Rev. Joseph Edward Gull, died Feb. 20th, 1916, aged 67. Buried at Rushall. St. Alban’s Hall, Oxford, B.A., 1872; M.A. (Merton Coll.), 1882. Deacon, 1871; priest, 1873 (Manchester). Curate, St. George’s, Charlestown in Pendleton, 187!1—73; St. John Bapt., Little Hulton, Curate, 1873—76; Vicar, 1876—1885 ; Vicar of St. Thomas, Pendleton, 1885—97 ; Vicar of Rainhill, 1897 —1911 ; Rector of Rushall, 1911 until his death. Obit. notice, Wilts Gazette, Feb. 24th, 1916. Frederick Thomas Sylvester, died March 12th, 1916, aged 86, s. of George Sylvester, coroner from 1841 to 1871, when his son succeeded him. He was then proprietor of the Bear Hotel, Devizes. He after- wards removed to Warminster, and later to Trowbridge, where he died. He resigned his coronership in 1905 and was succeeded by his son, Percy Sylvester—the present coroner. The coronership has thus been held by father, son, and grandson for 75 years. Obit. notice, Wilts Gazette, March 16th, 1916. 278 Wilts Obituary. Francis Edward Thompson, died Feb. 18th, 1916. Buried at Marlborough. Scholar of Lincoln Coll.,Oxon. M.A.1860. Assistant Master at Mariborough College from 1859 to 1895, when he retired after 36 years of continuous service, and became a member of the College Council. “He served the school with great devotion, did valuable work in many capacities, and gave every encouragement to the school games.” Rev. Alfred George Lawe, died March 17th, 1916, aged 70. Born in India April 17th, 1845, s. of Col. Lawe, R.E. (E. I. Company). Corpus Christi Coll., Camb., B.A. 1869, M.A. 1873. Deacon 1869, priest, 1871 (London). Curate H. Trinity, Marylebone, 1869—71 ; Christ’s Chapel, Maida Vale, 1871—75 ; Vicar of Fosbury, 1875—1916. He resigned the living in January, 1916. He was a strong Evangelical of the old-fashioned school. Obit. notice, Weltshire Gazette, March 23rd, 1916. Sir John Gorst, died April 4th, 1916. Buried at Castle Combe. Born at Preston, 1835, 2nd s. of E. C. Lowndes, who took the name of Gorst on succeeding to family property. Educated at Preston Gram- mar School, and St. John’s Coll., Cambridge. 3rd Wrangler, Mathe- matical Tripos, 1857, and Fellow of his college. Emigrated to New Zealand 1859, and married the daughter of the Rev. Lorenzo Moore, of Christchurch, New Zealand. He became at once Inspector of Native and Mission Schools in Waikato, and issued a Maori newspaper. Re- turned to England, was called to the Bar (Inner Temple) 1865, @.C. 1875. Conservative M.P. for Cambridge Borough 1866—68. He was chiefly responsible for the electoral organisation of the Conservative party before the election of 1874. M.P. for Chatham 1875—92. In the Liberal Parliament of 1880 he was a conspicuous member of the ‘Fourth Party,” which adopted to a great extent an independent position. In 1885, under the Conservative Government, he became Solicitor General and was knighted. He had expected a higher office, but his independent habit of mind was not acceptable to the leaders of the party. From 1886 to 1891 he was Under Secretary for India, Financial Secretary to the Treasury 1891—92, Vice-President of the Council on Education 1895, retiring in 1902. From this time his attitude grew more and more hostile to the official Unionist policy, He vehemently opposed Mr. Chamberlain’s Tariff Reform proposals, and in 1906 resigned his trusteeship of the Primrose League, and after having been Member for Cambridge University from 1892 to 1906 was in that year defeated, and came out as a Radical, standing for Preston in 1909, but he was not elected. His real interest was in Social Reform. The Westminster Gazette says of him that ‘he was far too clever a man intellectually to be strictly controlled by party ties, and on more than one occasion his outspokenness brought grave embarrassment to | his chiefs while giving delight to his opponents . . . . He wasin | fact a cynic in politics but a most amiable cynic . . . . His | misfortune was that his early choice of parties carried him into an Wilts Obituary. 279 atmosphere in which his sympathies were suspect, out of which he emerged too late in life to have the opportunity for a new political career or to play the full part he might have taken in the controversies after 1903.” His first wife died in 1914 and he subsequently married Miss Ethel Johnson, who survives him. His eldest son, Sir Eldon Gorst, died in 1911. His surviving son, Mr. Harold E. Gorst, is well known in Wiltshire and as an author. Sir John Gorst succeeded to the Castle Combe property on the death of his brother, Mr. E. C. Lowndes, became an Alderman of the Wilts County Council and, as was natural, a member of the County Education Committee. In this connection, however, as in other spheres, he often found himself unable to agree or to work with his colleagues, and had not been present at meetings of the committee for a long time. Long obit. notices in The Times, April 5th, reprinted in Weltshire Gazette, April 6th ; Westminster Gazette, April 5th, 1916. bieut. John Engene Impey, Lincs. Regt., missing, believed killed in action, aged 19. S. of Capt. E. Impey, of Steeple Ashton. Born March, 1827, entered Lincs. Regt. Nov., 1914. Obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, April 6th, 1916. 2nd Lieut. Herman Theodore Wells, AS.C. Killed in action, aged 21. Youngest son of Rev. E. Wells, Rector of West Dean. 280 RECENT WILTSHIRE BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, ARTICLES, &c. [N.B.—This list does not claim to be in any way exhaustive. The Editor appeals to all authors and publishers of pamphlets, books, or views, in any way connected with the county to send him copies of their works, and to editors of papers, and members of the Society generally, to send him copies of articles, views, or portraits, appearing in the newspapers. | Statuta et Consuetudines Ecclesize Cathedralis Beate Maric Virginis Sarisberiensis. Statutes and Customs of the Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Salisbury. Edited by Chr. Wordsworth, M.A., Subdean, and Douglas Macleane, M.A, Prebendary of SBishopston. London: William Clowes & Sons, Limited. 31, Haymarket, SW. 1915. Linen, 84in. X 54in., pp. xxiv. + 543. In 1883 Canons Ed. A. Dayman and W. H. Rich Jones published “The Statutes of the Cathedral Church of Sarum,” privately printed at Bath. 4to, pp. 135, with 3 pp. of index. This, however, contained only the Latin text of the statutes with a few footnotes. In the present volume the whole of the Latin text is given, together with a full English translation, the latter being the work of the Rev. W. H. David, Assistant Master at Marlborough College, and of Canon Douglas Macleane, together with voluminous notes and comments on the per- sons, places, and things, mentioned in the text. The volume begins with “An obit Kalendar cir, 1420—50,” transcribed from the late xivth cent. MS. copy of the Statutes known as the “‘ Bishop’s copy of the Statutes,” or the ‘“‘Old Statute Book.” This fills 14pp. Then follow the Statutes from 1091 to 1697, at which point the former edition of the Statutes ended. The present editor, however adds a statute of 1813, a note on the Cathedral Commissions of 1835, 1852, and 1879, a statute of 1851, and a full account of Bishop John Wordsworth’s Visitation of the Cathedral, held 1888—1890, pp. 465—501. He also gives “A history of the Development of the ‘Combination,’ or Yable of Preaching Turns assigned to the Prebendaries and others for their annual sermons, together with a list of those additional sermons or occasional ‘Collations’ for which members of the Residentiary Chapter and other Dignitaries and the Priest Vicars are held responsible.” As to the Customs, the editor says in the preface that they “are partly touched on in our annotations, but the bulk of them must be reserved for a supplementary volume for which I have already made considerable collections.” It - ©. Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, Xe. 281 seemsa pity that the index should be divided into three parts, “General,” “Tndex to obit. List,” and “ Index of Prebends ”—a single index is so much easier to consult. It is also specially noted that the names of the witnesses to the Statutes have not been included in the “ General Index” because they have already been indexed in Canon Jones’ Fastz, but unless you have both books at hand the consequence is that you cannot find the reference to any of the names, and that again seems a pity, in the case of so complete and learned a book as this, which—as might be expected of any work of its editors—is a valuable addition to the literature of the Diocese of Salisbury and the County of Wilts. Life in a Railway Factory. By Alfred Williams. London: Duckworth & Co., 3, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C. 1915. Cloth. 74in. < 5in., pp. xill. + 315. Price 5s. net. “My object,’ says the author in the preface, “in penning ‘ Life ina Railway Factory’ was to take advantage of the opportunity I have had as a workman, during twenty-three years’ continuous service in the sheds, of setting down what I have seen and known for the interest and education of others, who might like to be informed as to what is the actual life of the Factory.” “I am not anxious to quarrel with any man; at the same time I am not disposed to be fettered, smothered, gagged, or silenced, to cower or tremble, or to shrink from uttering what I believe to be the truth, in deference to the most formidable despot living.” The author is an acute observer, and he sets down in unvarnished language what he conceives is the actual condition of things in the G.W.R. Works at Swindon to-day—dwelling especially on that part of the works in which so much of his own life has been spent, the Smithy and the Forge. He notes a great change in the last ten years, in the introduction of American machinery and the general speeding up of the work of the men, and the elimination of the “human” element in the relations of employers and employed. He pictures the work in these sheds, the work in which he himself has so long shared, as neither more nor less than a system of inhuman slavery, and he lays the blame without the smallest hesitation on the management of the works. “ It is painful to contemplate the ignorance, stupidity, and prejudice of the staff in charge of operations.” For the average overseer he has no words that are bad enough. ‘The average overseer dislikes you if you are a tip-top workman, if you have a good carriage and are well dressed,” &c. As to medical supervision, he says: ‘‘ During the twenty odd years I have worked there I have never once heard of a factory inspector coming through the shed, unless it were one of the company’s own confidential officials.” He dwells especially on the smoke and stench of the new oil forges as an intolerable evil, and the slavery of the night shift comes in for many hard words. It isa heavy indictment of the company’s system, and it comes, it must be remembered, from one who knows what he is writing about. At the same time he ac- knowledges, what everyone who lives in the Swindon neighbourhood 282 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, ke. knows is the fact, that young men from all the country round are only too anxious to enter the works, and that when they have once got in, they as a rule regard it as the greatest misfortune, if they are for any reason obliged to leave the Factory again. He attributes this to the attraction of the free Saturday afternoons and Sundays, and above all to the wages paid, wages that are high in comparison with the ordinary rate of wages in agricultural Wiltshire, where the G.W.R. Factory is the one great industrial concern in the county. The officials he argues trade upon the willingness of the men to endure the present conditions. He allows that they are willing, but they ought not to be. ‘“‘ Where the cultured person does exist in the shed he must generally suffer exquisite tortures. There can be no culture without a higher sensibility; and he will be thereby rendered less able to endure the hardships of _ the toil, and the otherwise brutal and callous environments of the place. As for the view, held in some quarters, that education will make a man happier at work and better satisfied with his lot and condition, that is pure myth and fallacy, and the sooner it is dispensed with the better. On the other hand, it will most certainly produce dissatisfaction, but such, perhaps, as will speedily wake him up to his real needs and re-_ quirements, a larger freedom, and the attainment of a fuller and better life.” Do not these words explain to a great extent the attitude of the author? It is not difficult to believe that for a man of Mr. Williams’ attainments the life of the forge must have been neither more nor less than slavery. It is a gloomy picture, which represents forcibly the point of view of the writer, but that is certainly not the point of view from which a large body of the men employed there regard employ- ment in the G.W.R. works. Reviewed, Zumes Literary Supplement, Nov. 25th, 1915 ; Spectator Interary Supplement, Jan. 29th, 1916, pp. 140—141. Salisbury, South Wilts and Blackmore Museum. 1864—1914. The Festival Book of Salisbury. Published to commemorate the Jubilee of the Museum. Humphrey P. Blackmore, Esq., M.D., Hon. Director, Major Fisher, Hon. Secretary. Money C. Fisher, Esq, Hon. Treasurer. Editor: Frank Stevens, Resident Curator of the Museum. 102in. X 74in. Wrappers. Printed by Bennett Brothers, Journal Office, Salisbury. pp. 4, including title unnumbered, + 134 (including | plates). This volume was prepared to accompany the special exhibition which | it was intended to hold in Salisbury in the autumn of 1914, to mark | the jubilee of the Salisbury and Blackmore Museum. The outbreak of | the war, however, caused the abandonment of the exhibition, and the issue of this book alone marks the jubilee. It contains, in addition to / the “Invitation to the Reader” and “ Au Revoir” by the Editor, and | 3 pages of “Acknowledgments and Thanks” by the late Canon E.S. | Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, &e. 283 Bankes, twelve short articles written in popular style by eleven different writers. In addition to these there are eight portraits of Salisbury worthies, and nine illustrations of ‘‘ Notable Objects in the Museum Collections,” all reproduced from Mr. Charles Haskins’ works, “ The Ancient Trade Guilds, &c., of Salisbury ” and “ Salisbury Corporation Pictures and Plate.” The portraits are of Will. Windover ; Charles Wotton; John, Duke of Somerset; Will. Chiffinch; Seth Ward ; Will. Hussey ; John Wyche; Henry Fawcett. The Museum objects, &c., are; Charter of Ed. IV. to Tailors; Scutcheon of Tailors Co.; Masters Tablets, from Tailors’ Hall ; Drinking Cup of Cordwainers Co. ; Pewter of Joiners Co.; Joiners’ Hall; Woodwork Front of do. ; Scutcheon of Bakers Co. ; Winchester Bushel, 1485. Dr. H. P. Blackmore, who 50 years ago was mainly instrumental in starting the Museum of which he is still Hon. Director, leads off with an article on “The Fossils and Prehistoric Remains of Salisbury,” telling shortly of the seven zones of the upper chalk in the neighbour- hood of Salisbury, and of the pits or cuttings where exposures of each of them may be seen. Of the Fisherton Brickearth which overlies the chalk, he says that it corresponds with the “ Wurmian,” or latest Ice Age, and that in the clay skeletons of the pouched marmot have been found in the characteristic attitude of hibernation, showing that a sudden spring flood had drowned them before they had awaked from winter sleep, and that in the same bed of clay was found a flint imple- ment of Mousterian age. No bones have been found, however, in the gravels of Bemerton, Britford, and Milford Hill, which have yielded such numbers of Paleeolithic flint implements. He dates the gravel on Milford Hill, owing to the presence of implements of the Upper Acheulian period, as belonging to the “ Riss,” or third, of the four, great Ice ages in England. The Alderbury gravel, on the other hand in which “ EKoliths” occur, “is probably due to one of the earlier glaciations.” Dr. C. Straton has a short paper on “ The Great Bustard,” mentioning the circumstances under which the two Bustards now in the Salisbury Museum were secured, and discoursing on the uses of the curious gular pouch of the male bird. One of the most important papers in the book is Mr. Heywood Sumner’s “ Excavation ona Roman Villa site near Kast Grimstead.” ‘This site in an arable field on Maypole Farm, near Churchway Copse, was partially excavated by Mr. Heywood Sumner during three weeks’ digging. The building, of which he gives an excellent “Plan, Section, and Sketch View,” seems to have been ‘a small and well-built detached house, consisting of three rooms.” From the Preefurnium on the west a flue 6ft. long and lft. 6in. wide led into a small hypocaust, the pile of which were of brick tiles 8in. square- From the 8. side of the hypocaust two flues “‘ warmed a semicircular basin-like receptacle or bath,” sunk in a block of solid flint masonry foundation 6ft. 6in. in width, the bath itself being 5ft. x 24ft. and lined with pink mortar 3in. thick. On the east side the smaller hypo- caust opened into a larger one, the pile of which had been destroyed before the systematic excavation ‘was undertaken, Beyond this was another room paved with brick tiles 8in. square, bedded on the natural 284 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, &. soil. Mr. Sumner believes that this is a detached bath house which belonged to a villa which he thinks may be found close by. “Large wall foundations have been discovered near the wood and a room apparently belonging to this block of foundations has been excavated It measures 27ft. by 11ft., has a mortar and pebble stone floor, and has yielded many relics of iron.” A sketch of the site, a small plan, and a page of accurate drawings of the finds are given. The latter include iron hinge staples, knife, gouge, &c., fragments of four bronze bracelets, and a bone counter. Prof. Haverfield adds a note as to the probably frequent occurrence of bath houses, detached from the villas which they served. Mr. Frank Stevens has an article on Old Sarum in which he sums up shortly the results of the excavations and gives a chronology of the principal events in the history of the city. ‘‘ Harnham Bridge, St. John’s Chapel, and St. Nicholas’ Hospital,” are discoursed on by Canon Wordsworth. The hospital was enlarged, the bridge and the chapel on the island built by Bishop Robert Bingham. The bridge was known as Ayleswade, or Ayleswater, Bridge, and was widened in 1774. The chapel has been converted into a dwelling, and lost its high-pitched roof, which it retained when sketched by Miss Wickens in 1824. A sketch of it as it must have appeared when perfect is given here. Itis a rectangular building, 39ft. x 23ft. on the outside, with triple lancets at the east end. The central one, measuring 13ft. x 24ft., has been blocked up to form a chimney. There were four similar lancets, 7ft. x lft. 3in., on each side, the sill of the easternmost on the S. side still retaining a double piscina of two basins each 83in. across. The west end has been much destroyed, but recent removal of the earth on that side shows a plinth, door, and windows. During this work many fragments of tabernacle work of the 14th or 15th century still retaining its coloured decoration were found. Vhe offerings at the Bridge Chapel, where mass was to be said twice daily for the soul of the founder, sufficed for the upkeep of the bridge until the time of Hen. V., when the bridge was so ruinous that the King granted a toll to be levied on all merchandise passing over the bridge for seven years (1413—1420), “Ihe Civic History of Salisbury” is dealt with by Mr. C. Haskins, tracing very shortly the growth of the corporation and the guilds and their history from the foundation of the city to the present time with illustrations of Bishop Richard Beauchamp’s confirmation of the Tailors’ Charter, 1462, the Initial Letter of the Charter of James I., and portraits of Sir Robert Hyde, and Jacob 2nd Ear] of Radnor. The Giant and Hob Nob are well dealt with by Mr. F Stevens, who writes of their origin, and use in medieval and later times, and the parading of analogous processional figures elsewhere in England and on the Continent, and gives photos of the figures and of their appearance in procession on the occasion of the Coronation in 1911. He mentions that the two figures were bought for the Museum on the break up of the Tailors’ Guild in 1878 for 30s. ‘Old Salisbury Industries and their Remains” is a useful article by Mr. Geo. Fulford, treating amongst others of the Woollen and Silk Weavers, the Cutlers, the Horse Hair Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, ke. 285 Weavers, Dyers and Calenderers, and the Pipe Makers, who got their clay chiefly from Chitterne. Mr. W. Pritchard writes on Constable’s picture of the Cathedral known as “ The Rainbow,” and the engraving of it by David Lucas, in its various states. “The Old ‘Salisbury Journal’ and Early Newspaper Enterprise in Salisbury,” by Mrs. Herbert Richardson, gives a great deal of useful information. The earliest Salisbury newspaper was the ‘ Salisbury Post Man; or Packet of Intelligence, from France, Spain, Portugal, Etc.,” printed by Sam Farley, and its first number is dated Sept. 27, 1715, though it was not really issued until Nov. 25th of that year, the reason apparently being that the paper was kept back after the first sheet had been printed until news of the victories over the Pretender could be obtained. A photo of this number is given. The paper does not seem to have run for long. In May, 1729, William Collins, book- seller, started the Salisbury Journal, Containing the most Materral Occurrences both Foreign and Domestick, printed by Charles Hooton. The paper was a weekly and came to an end with its 58th number (a photo of this number is given). There seem to have been at least two efforts to start it again in 1736 and 1738, and from Jan. 31st of the latter year the Salisbury Journal or Weekly Advertiser ran without a break. On William Collins’ death in 1740 his brother, Benjamin Collins succeeded to the management, until in 1775 he retired in favour of his son, Benjamin Charles Collins, and J. Johnson. In 1772 the title of the paper was changed to The Salisbury and Winchester Journal. B. C. Collins died Jan. 29th, 1808. For a few months W. Collins managed the paper, but in June of the same year W. B. Brodie (a nephew of B. C. Collins), John Dowding, and John Luxford became the proprietors. In 1847 Messrs. Brodie & Co., bankers, became bankrupt, and the paper was bought by James Bennett, to whose family it still belongs. On Jan. 4th, 1816, Simpson's Salisbury Gazette was started by Mr. George Simpson as a rival to the Journal, but after June 24th, 1819, it was transferred to Devizes as the Devizes Gazette. The Salisbury Times first appeared on March 14th, 1868, asa Liberal paper, and the Salisbury Hxaminer and South Western Gazette, which had been running since 1860, was finally incorporated with it in 1868. Canon D. Macleane has a scholarly article on George Herbert, with a photograph of the pencil portrait by R. White in the Palace at Salisbury and a reproduction of an old print showing Bemerton Church. He corrects a statement in Daniell’s Life of Herbert that he was buried under a Purbeck marble slab in Bemerton Church. stone and it is uncertain where he lies. Noticed, Salisbury Journal, June 19th, 1915. He has no grave- An Introduction to Field Archeology as illustrated by Hampshire, By J. P. Williams Freeman, M.D. London, 1915. Trespassing across the Wiltshire border the author gives a good 286 Ltecent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, &c. photograph of a curious sarsen stone lying a few yards beyond the signpost pointing to “Chute, Ludgershall, and Andover,” about 14 miles Kast of Scots Poor Inn, on the Roman Road running along the northern border of Chute parish. It is on the left of the Roman Road and on the other side of the wire fence. ‘“ It has been claimed to be the Kenwardstone, from which the hundred in which this part of Wiltshire is situated, takes its name. However this may be, and it must be mentioned that Kenwardestone is also the name of a farm near Grafton, some six or eight miles off, it is of very great archeological interest. The stone lies in an artificially scooped out hollow at the top of the slope. The hollow, 8ft. deep, is some 30 yards long by 15 across, and the stone is in the centre. . . . It is a sarsen stone, squarish in shape, lying flat upon the ground, about 5ft. 10in. by 4ft. 6in. in size, and as far as shows above the grass, about lft. 3in. thick. The upper surface is bordered on two sides by a sort of rounded frame about a foot broad with an irregular waved outline, but with a sharp right- angled corner. On the other two sides the stone is broken off. What remains of the square tablet is about 4ft. by 3, and sunk some 2 inches below the frame. The whole of this flat surface is covered by irregular waved markings each about 13 inches broad . . . Can they possibly be ‘ripple marks,’ the natural impression of water upon soft sand, or weather markings upon a sandstone of varying hardness?” Dr. Williams Freeman professes himself unable to express an opinion as to whether the markings are sculptures or of natural origin, but he calls attention to their resemblance to the undoubted sculptures on the upright of a dolmen near Carnac, of which he also gives a photograph. He mentions, however, that the “ sculptured ” ridges of the Chute stone are found on the side of the stone as well as on the surface, and that they also line the sides of two natural holes in the stone, and this would seem to point to their natural origin from weathering. The author again makes an incursion into Wiltshire from Quarley Hill to visit Stonehenge and Old Sarum. He describes the ditches which run from Cholderton towards Sidbury, mentions the gun on the top of Beacon (or Harradon) Hill, from which the distance to Old Sarum was taken as the base for the grand triangulation of the Survey of England, the distance being 6 miles, 1632 yards, 1 foot, 10°2972 inches. Two photographs of Stonehenge, ‘‘ From a War Balloon,” and “ Restored. From the model in ithe Blackmore Museum,” are given, with a short description of the monument, and a resumé of the results of the ex- cavations and the arguments as to its age. Avebury is stated to be “clearly Neolithic,” whilst Stonehenge is of the earliest Bronze Age. The double and triple ditched camps are regarded as later developments of the single ditched. Bokerly Dyke is carefully described ; Grims ditch, or the Devil’s ditch, with its bank sometimes on the north and sometimes on the south and sometimes on both sides, and its V-shaped bottom, which shows no sign of having been used as a road, is regarded as a boundary ditch, whilst some of the Cranborne Chase ditches were perhaps to keep cattle and deer off the cultivated lands, or to hem in deer during drives. An interesting point noticed is the small number cates SSS = Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, &e. 287 of sites of “‘ British Villages” which have been identified on the Hamp- shire Downs, as compared with the numbers scattered over the chalk lands of Wiltshire. The same scarcity has been noticed in Berkshire, and yet there seems no reason why the population at this period (Late Celtic or Romano-british) should have been denser on the Wiltshire Downs than in the two neighbouring counties. Another interesting point is his treatment of the dew or mist pond question, and his de- lightful contempt for the elaborate pseudo-scientific nonsense which has been written by “ people who live in London” on this subject. He is bold enough to describe the actual procedure of West Lavington pondmakers as follows:—“ First a layer of clay is carefully kneaded and beaten down with much force on the bare chalk. Over this is spread and carefully smoothed out a layer of freshly-slaked lime 3 or 4 inches thick (to keep out the worms, he suggests), on this is laid a layer of straw to protect the lime, and over all 6 inches of chalk rubble to keep cattle from treading and breaking the clay puddling.” It is much to be hoped that this charming book, with its singularly readable letterpress and its accurate and complete accounts and plans of all the earthworks in Hampshire, may inspire some Wiltshire archeologist to do as much for those of our own county. When that archeologist appears he can take no better model that Dr. Williams Freeman’s book. Wiltshire Parish Registers. Marriages. Vol. XIV. London: Issued to the subscribers by Phillimore & Co, Ltd, 124, Chancery Lane. 1914. Cloth, 8vo, pp. vil. + 131. 10/6 net. This volume contains the marriages (concluded from Vol. XIII.) of St. Edmund’s, Salisbury, from 1741 to 1837, and of Stratford-sub-Castle from 1654 to 1837. The Editors, Messrs. Thomas M. Blagg and John Saddler, in the preface, pay a deserved tribute to the memory of the late Mr. T. H. Baker, whose “ assistance to this work has been of the greatest importance ” throughout the whole thirteen previous volumes of the series. Life of Bishop John Wordsworth. By E. W. Watson, D.D., Canon of Christchurch, Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History in the University of Ox- ford. With Portrait and other Illustrations. Longmans, Green, & Co, 39, Paternoster Row, London. Fourth Avenue, & SOth Street, New York, Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras. 1915. Cloth, 8vo., pp. including titles, vi. + 2 pp. contents, &c., unnumbered + 409. Printed by William Clowes & Sons, Beccles. Photo portraits of the Bishop in 1905 and as Oriel Professor ; “ Great Guns at Oxford ” (J. W. as Proctor, 1874); Mrs. Wordsworth (1885) ; Tomb at Salisbury, by Sir George Frampton (photo). 288 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, ke. The “ Bibliography” at the end fills pages 397 to 402, but as the author remarks in the preface it is by no means a complete list of the Bishop’s publications, indeed no attempt has been made to include his published sermons and many other pamphlets. This seems a pity, as the list without any difficulty might have been made, at all events as regards his separate publications, a good deal fuller than itis. Another point which is more important is the curious absence of anything but the merest reference to the Bishop’s home life throughout the later years of his life at Salisbury—and it is rumoured that a whole chapter which should have dealt with this period more especially, was by some strange mischance accidentally omitted from the book. Surely, too, the part that Clifford Holgate played for so many years at Salisbury and the place that he filled in the life of the Palace and of everything that went on there, is worthy of more than the three lines in which his death is recorded. What he was to the Bishop is shown by the singularly touching and beautiful inscription to his memory in the Cathedral. In this direction, therefore, the Zife must strike many of those who knew the Bishop best as curiously incomplete. On the other hand his early life as a child at Stanford-in-the-Vale, as a boy at school at Brighton, and Ipswich Grammar School, at Winchester, where he was Senior Commoner Prefect, at New College, and his masterships at Harrow and Wellington, with the subsequent Fellowship and Tutorship at Brasenose, are dealt with sufficiently and with a due perception of the influence which each successive stage had in the final moulding of his lifeand character. The year 1874, when he published his “ /ragments and Specuomens of early Latin” is marked as the culminating point of his purely classical studies ; henceforth he turned his attention de- liberately more and more to Biblical and Ecclesiastical scholarship. The testimony to the charm of Mrs. Wordsworth, the unique place that their house in Keble Terrace filled in the lives of several generations of Brasenose men, and their joint influence upon them, comes from many sides. Indeed the account of the Oxford portion of his life is one of the most interesting sections of the book. Then there was his work on the Vulgate, and his travels in Italy and Spain to collate MSS., his short time as Canon at Rochester, and his acceptance of the Bishopric of Salisbury. His conception of the office of a Bishop was not that of a merely glorified parish priest, and he had no sympathy with those who would divide up the Diocese of Salisbury by creating a new Bishopric of Dorset. Onthe contrary he never ceased to regret that the county of Wilts had been dismembered in an ecclesiastical sense when the Deaneries of Chippenham, Malmesbury, and Cricklade were in 1837 taken from the Diocese of Salisbury and handed over to Gloucester and Bristol. In his view a Bishop should be in a position of sufficient importance and authority to be able to speak and act not merely in the interests of a small district, but in the interests of the Church at large. It was indeed characteristic of him that in all things he took a peculiarly wide and statesmanlike view of things. In Church matters he was essentially a non-party man, and he declined to say “ Shibboleth” at anybody’s bidding. “ Partisan societies, partisan religious publications, \ | Wiltshire Notes & Queries. Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, dc. 289 have become the noxious solvents of clerical brotherhood and the enemies of united progress.” Throughout his episcopate the object really nearest to his heart was the reunion of Christendom. His in- terest in the Old Catholics, in the Reform movement in Italy, in the ancient Churches of the East, in the Church of Sweden, and in the Established Church of Scotland, sprung from this. His journeys to the United States, to Jerusalem and the East, to Germany and Austria, and to Sweden, were far from being mere tours of pleasure. They were undertaken because he believed that by personal contact with the leaders of the many and various Churches he might at least do some- thing to clear away misunderstandings and to pave the way for a closer union in the future. The consequence was that in our time no English Bishop has been so widely known outside the shores of England, and no living Bishop holds the position that he held as the exponent of the learning and the scholarship of the Anglican Church. All this is well brought out in this very interesting “ Life.” ‘The point that is perhaps hardly sufficiently insisted on, is, that with all these literally world-wide interests and activities, no Bishop of Salisbury ever before knew his diocese from end to end as he did, or was better acquainted with the circumstances and the character and the needs of each individual parish and the clergy and laity who worked in it. Report of the Marlborough College Nat. Hist. Soc. For the year ending Christmas, 1914. No. 63. 1915. The most important piece of news in this report is that Mr. E. Meyrick, F.R.S., who has been the life and soul of the Society as its President for the last 26 years, is resigning that position. It is no injustice to many other excellent workers in that long period, to say that the position that the Society holds to-day, amongst similar bodies, especially in the matter of entomology, is due to the unwearied work and unrivalled knowledge in this particular branch, of its Ex-President. The Report contains the usual statement of good work done in the various branches during the past year, though there is nothing very exciting in the way of new finds. A Lesser Redpole’s nest was found at Aldbourne, a Snipe’s nest was cut out by mowers in a water meadow at Preshute, a flock of Curlew were seen near the Devil’s Den, a small flock of Waxwings werealso seen, and the Marsh Warbler again nested at Marlborough. Mr. T. W. Kirkpatrick reports that the list of local Diptera has been increased by the addition of 135 species not hitherto recorded from the district. In all about 350 species were noticed. This work upon the Flies is a notable advance in Wiltshire Entomology. A good photograph of the Norman West Door of St. Mary’s, Marlborough, and others of Bishop’s Cannings Church, and of the Compton Bassett Screen, are given. No. 89. March, 1915. The Rev. R. E. H. Duke opens the number with “ An account of the family of Duke of Lake.” The earliest Duke mentioned in Wilts is 290 Fecent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, ce. John Duc, bailiff itinerant 1404. The first who resided at Lake was Michael Duke, who was tenant for life. His grandson, George, pur- chased the manor from John Capelyn, and also a messuage in Lake from William Trenchard. His eldest son, John, of Lake, was sheriff 1639—40. His eldest son was George Duke, of Salterton, in Great Durnford, who died in 1655. The pedigree of the Dukes is traced in considerable detail, with a Schedule of the Rents of the farm at Lake, 1685—1689, and an Inventory of the goods of George Duke at Lake, 1692. ‘Two illustrations are given : “The South-West Prospect of Lake House,” (by Charles Hinxman, after the alterations made by Edw. Duke) and “ThejNorth- West Prospect of Lake House” (by Edw. Duke, F.8.A., from Buckler’s drawings). Records of Marden, Extracts from the “ Gentleman’s Magazine” relating to Wiltshire, and “ Marriage Bonds of the Peculiar Court of the Dean and Chapter of Sarum” are con- tinued from‘previous numbers. Mr. J.J. Hammond prints letters from H. P. Wyndham and I. Gough, the author of Sepulchral Monuments, as to the tomb on the N.E. side of the chancel of Britford Church which is traditionally said to have been brought there from the College ofiVaux, at Salisbury. Wyndham suggests that it may be the tomb of the Duke of Buckingham, beheaded at Salisbury by order of Richard III., and this idea Hoare unfortunately stereotyped by fixing a brass plate with an inscription to the monument. Gough, however, in the letter here printed, points out that it is of earlier date. A valuable series of ‘“ Notes on Avebury” by J.S., show that Sir William Sharington re- covered the Priory Manor after his attainder and subsequent pardon and 'sold it to William Dunch, of London (5 Edw. VI.) for £2200. William settled it on his younger son, Walter, who died 1594. There was another manor in Avebury which, with the Rectory, belonged to — the Abbey of Cirencester, and was held under a lease for 60 years, granted before the Dissolution to Thomas Truslowe, and John his son, into whose hands this manor apparently passed altogether. On John’s death in 1593 it passed to Richard Truslowe of Teffont Evias, yeoman, the son of John Truslowe, of Hamptworth. The Rectory, however, when the Truslowes lease of it expired in 1593, came to. Walter Dunch under a new lease granted by Q. Eliz. A complicated series of law proceedings between the Dunches and Truslowes as to the Manor and Rectory followed, in which a Pigeon house was especially in dispute. The writer contends that this is the circular pigeon house still standing in the Manor Farm yard, on the N. side of the churchyard, whichis | here proved to have been built in 1568 or 1569. Itis also noted that | about 1562 about two bushels of dead men’s bones were dug out at the west end of the house. The Truslowe property passed later to William, | son of John Dunch, who in his will mentions his “ manor and farm of | Abre, sometimes Truslowes called Bromsdens” as well as “his manor | ~ and farm of Abre which descended to him from Walter Dunch, his | — father.” In 1639 William Dunch sold part of the Priory Manor to Sir | _ John Stawell, and in 1646 he further sold the rest of his property in | ~ Avebury, z.e., the Manors and Lordships of Avebury, the Rectory, | — Bromsen Farm, and the Free Chapel of Beckhampton, to Sir Edward | Recent Wiltshire Books, Panwphlets, Articles, &c. 291 Bayntun. His son, Robert Bayntun, in 1681 sold the Manors and Rectory to Peter Griffen and John Phelpes, of Avebury. An outline of the story of the “ White Hand” at Draycot, as given by Burke in his Anecdotes of the Aristocracy, is given amongst the replies to queries. Wiltshire Notes & Queries. No. 90. June, 1915. Records of Marden, Extracts from the “‘Gentleman’s Magazine”’ re- lating to Wiltshire, and a Calendar of Feet of Fines for Wiltshire, are continued from previous numbers, as are also Notes on Avebury, in which the descent of the Manor, the Free Chapel of Beckhampton, the Pigeon House, Truslowes, &c., is traced from 1653 downwards. Sir Richard Holford settled this property, valued ‘at £12,400, upon his third wife, Susanna, and their children. Stayner Holford, who succeeded in 1742, left it to his half-brother, Arthur Jones, who left it to his niece, Anne, and her husband, Adam Wilkinson ; he left it to his nephew, Richard Jones. The connection of Arthur Jones with Sir Richard Holford is explained clearly, but the identity and descent of the two manors existing in 1600 still seems something of a mystery. It is suggested that the initials on the front of the Manor House, generally- read as I.M.D., and referred to one of the Dunch family, should rather be read M.I.D.,=Mervin, James, Debora. Sir James Mervin married Debora Dunch, widow of Walter, before 1601, the date on the stone, and doubtless occupied the house during her life. The account of the Family of Duke, of Lake, is also continued, and forms the most im- | portant part of this number, being illustrated with drawings of the Interior of Wilsford Church, 1833, of the Parlour of Lake House, and of the Entrance Hall, czv. 1860. The History of the family is carried on from Robert, son of George and Elizabeth Duke, who died 1725, and | was succeeded by his son, Robert, b. 1696, who was succeeded by his | son, Robert, b. 1724. He was succeeded by his cousin, Edward Duke, | b. 1731. His son, Edward Duke, b. 1779, was the antiquary and author. The case between the Rector and the farmers of Steeple Langford, | relating to the tithe on wool, in 1745, is printed. | | Wiltshire Notes & Queries. No. 91. Sept., 1915. The most important article in this number is the continuation of the “ Account of the Family of Duke, of Lake,” including the four gene- rations of Dukes, of Bulford, the Jast of whom, Richard, who died 1757, left half his Bulford property to his sister, Anne, wife of Anthony Southby, of South Marston, whose descendants are also traced. A folding pedigree is given of the Duke family in Wilts and of their connections with Hyde and Hungerford. There are three plates: Lake House, a distant view, from a miniatureisteel plate engraving, enlarged ; The Mill and Cottages at Lake, from a sketch about 1850; and Dr. Edward Duke’s House, at Hungerford. Memoranda relating to the family of Flower arecontinued by Mr. A. 8. Maskelyne, as are also the Calendar of the Feet of Fines for Wiltshire, and Wiltshire Wills proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury. Six 14th century deeds re- | lating to Alderton, since given to the Society’s Library, are translated | VOL. XXXIX.—NO. CXXIV. U ¢ SS iis Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, kc. bS Jo) bo and printed in full. The Rev. W. Symonds prints the English trans- lation of a MS. Feodary of Lands in Wilts, in the British Museum, in parallel columns with the 5th List of the Testa de Nevil, to show its close correspondence. Wiltshire Notes & Queries. No. 92. Dec., 1915. The number begins with a useful memoir by Mr. A. Schomberg of Thomas Willis, M.D., born 27th January, 1620/1, at Great Bedwyn, in a house still standing in Jubilee Lane, an illustration of the house from the Gentleman’s Magazine and a portrait of Dr. Willis from an old print being given, and his will, dated 1675, printed at some length. A List of Wiltshire Recusants, from a Subsidy Roll of 4—5 Charles I. is given. A note on the organ in Malmesbury Abbey Church shows that it is the one built by Abraham Jordan in 1714 for the Church of St. Benet Fink, London, which was pulled down in 1844, and was not built by Father Schmidt, as local tradition asserts. Extracts from the Gentleman’s Magazine relating to Wiltshire, and Wiltshire Noncon- formists, 1662, by A. Schomberg, and Marriage Bonds of the Prerogative Court of the Dean and Chapter of Sarum, are continued from the pre- vious number. The Rev. R. E. H. Duke contributes a Wilsford Rent Roll of 1499 from a charter in the British Museum. A Pedigree of Stumpe, of Malmesbury, and the Marriage Settlement of John Knight and Mary Nicholas are the other principal contents. Battle of Ethandune. A “Note on the Site of the Battle” occurs on pp. 197—199 of “ Alfred the Great, the Truth Teller, Maker of England, 848—899. By Beatrice Aclekeas Lees. G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York and London. The Knickerbocker Press, 1915.” The authoress gives the arguments in favour of the Berkshire Eddington, : the Somerset Edington, and Heddington, Wilts, but sums up decidedly | in favour of the Wiltshire Edington as best meeting the military diffi- culties, and at the same time satisfying the philological requirements of Lthandune. ‘“ For this site, Yattenden and Yatton may be rejected without question, as impossible derivations from the West-Saxon Kthandun. Domesday Book shows that the Berkshire Eddington comes through Hddevetone from Hadgzife-tun ‘ Kadgifu’s town, and the Somerset Edington from Hdwinetune, * Edwin’s town.’ Heddington is written EHudzntone in Domesday Book, but in other early documents it has an aspirate, and seems to represent ‘Heddingstown.’ The Wiltshire Edington alone consistently appears as Hdendone, a Norman form of Ethandune, in Domesday Book, and as Ethendun in the thirteenth century. It was granted to Romsey Abbey by King Edgar in the tenth century, and is probably the royal manor or ‘ham’ which Alfred bequeathed to his wife. This philological evidence for the identity of Hthandune and Edington is the more valuable since the military arguments though pointing on the whole to a like con- clusion, are not altogether convincing.” A photo of “The White Horse on Bratton Hill, near Westbury, Wilts,” is given. Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, &e. 293 The Chaning Pearce Collection of Fossils, consisting of 22,000 specimens, and especially rich in fossils from the Great Oolite, the Bradford Clay, and Forest Marble from the Bradford-on-Avon neighbourhood, has been presented to the Bristol Museum. Mr. Chaning Pearce was the son of a surgeon at Bradford-on-Avon, where he was born July 18th, 1811, and after qualifying at Guy’s Hospital joined his father in practice at Bradford. Here he began his collection which in time came to be recognised as one of the finest in private hands in England. He retired from the practice in 1845, and lived at Montague House, near Bath, where he built a museum for the collection, but died May 11th, 1847, aged 36. The collection was removed later to Brixton, under the care of his son, Dr. J. Chaning Pearce, and from there to Ramsgate, whence it has now come to the Bristol Museum. Wiltshire Gazette, Nov. 25th, 1915. Draycot House, near Chippenham. By Direction of the Right Hon. Earl Cowley. Catalogue of Valuable Antique Furniture, Pictures, Tapestries . . . . Messrs. Nicholas will sell by auction on the Premises on Monday, September 20th, 1915, and the four fol- lowing days. Wrappers, 93in X 8in., pp. 87, with photo of the House on the cover, of the Drawing Room as frontispiece, and 16 good photo plates of furniture. The most remarkable lots were, 1067 to 1072, the set of six wall panels of old Aubusson Tapestry, decorated in Boucher subjects, acquired by the first Earl Cowley when Ambassador to France, (illus- tated), which sold for £3300, and the Pair of Bronze enamelled Fire Dogs bearing the arms of Charles IJ. (Lot 1031), which were said to have come from Nonsuch Palace, and to have passed with that palace into the possession of Sir Robert Long, from whom they descended through the Wellesleys to their present owner. These were understood to have been bought in at £545. A Heppelwhite four-post bed (Lot 462), with Queen Anne silk embroidered hangings, sold for 160 guineas, an oak 17th century bed 90 guineas, a William ana Mary Marqueterie cabinet 66 guineas, a Red Lac Cabinet 60 guineas, a Charles II. Day Bed 60 guineas, a Chippendale Bureau bookcase 75 guineas, a Walnut side table, with marble top, 85 guineas For much of the furniture only moderate prices were given, for much of it was of only moderate excellence and by no means innocent of “restoration,” indeed the genuineness of some of the chief pieces and even of the Enamel Fire Dogs, was afterwards disputed. The total realised was about £10,000. [Salisbury Plain.] ‘‘ Canadians in Camp,” pp. 31—43, one of the six chapters of ‘The New Army in Training,” by Rudyard Kipling. Macmillan. 1915. 6d. Aldbourne Church and Bells. The reopening of the bells after the recasting of the 5th bell and the rehanging of the whole peal in a new steel frame, with the replacing of the brick windows in the Ui 294 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, &e. tower by stone, and the underpinning of the piers of the chancel arch, is reported in Wiltshire Gazette, Oct. 28th, 1915, with some account of the bells by the Archdeacon of Wilts. Pitman Centenary, 1913. Centenary Year 1913. Sir Isaac Pitman born 4th January, 1813. Program of Celebrations at London and Bath, Friday, May 23rd, and Saturday May 24th, 1913. Pamphlet, 8in. x 53in., pp., including title, 32. Plans of Bath, and London round Stationers’ Hall, 2 photos of Stationers’ Hall, and 9 views of Bath, with Catalogue of Exhibition of Portraits, Views, MSS., Books, &c., connected with Sir Isaac Pitman and Shorthand, at Stationers’ Hall. Chippenham. French Prisoners of War at, 1796—1900. Note in Wiltshire Times, May Ist, 1915. Bayliffes of Chippenham. An accurate note on the descendants of William Bayliffe, of the Middle Temple, and Agnes, d. of Gabriel Pleydell, of Monkton (Chippenham), who settled at Monkton about 1580, down to the present day is given in the Wiltshire Gazette, July 8th, 1915. ; Great Hailstorm in North Wilts. Accounts of the ex- traordinary hailstorm which fell upon the Malmesbury district of N. Wilts on Sunday, July 4th, 1915, appear in the Weltshire Gazette, July 8th, 1915. At Crudwell, Charlton, Oaksey, Minety, Garsdon, and especially at Eastcourt, gardens and crops were completely wrecked and thousands of panes of glass broken by a cannonade of hailstones ‘‘as big as hen eggs.” Some actually measured 64 inches in circum- ference, and on some farms the damage done was estimated at from £500 to £1000. [Marlborough College.] The second of a series of articles on ‘Schools and the Boys” in Country Ife, July 10th, 1915, pp. 68—9 gives the characteristic features of Marlborough and of five other schools. Marlborough. No. VII. of a series of articles on “English Public Schools,” in Country Life, March 25th, 1916, pp. 385—388, with 6 good photographs :—“ On the Downs,” “‘In the Adderley Library,” “The Chapel,” ‘In the Courtyard,” “ Entrance to the Old Building,” “ The College Kitchen.” The letterpress by J. B. is essentially for Marlburians and none'others, a series of recollections of boys, of dogs, and of masters, delightful to those to whom the key of memory is given. Wiltshire Country Gentlemen in the War. Two articles in Country Life, July 10th and 17th, 1915, on “ What the Country Gentleman has done for the War. Wiltshire and Dorsetshire ” —S Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, ke. 295 pp. 44—46, 81—82. ‘The first of these articles deals with Dorset, the second with Wilts. The 2nd Wilts was with the 7th Division. They held their trenches from Oct. 18th—2Ist, when in the German general attack the ‘‘ Regiment was completely wrapped up by the masses of their opponents and nearly the whole battalion killed, wounded, or captured. As a fighting unit the 2nd Wilts was knocked out, but it had gained undying glory.” The 1st Battalion had 18 days’ continuous fighting at La Bassee and lost nearly 500 men. The members of the principal leading families of Wilts serving in the forces are mentioned, with excellent photographs of the late Lieut.Percy Wyndham, of Clouds, and of his cousin, Lieut. Geo. Heremon Wyndham, of the Devon Regt. The Wiltshire portion of the article was reprinted in the Wiltshire Times, July 24th, 1915. Alfred Williams. Pitman’s Journal had an article, reprinted in The Wiltshire Gazette, June 24th, 1915. giving a number of interesting particulars of the life of the Hammerman Poet. Born at S. Marston in 1877 he began work as a half-timer on a farm, and on leaving school became a regular farm boy until at 14 he entered Swindon G.W.R. works as arivet lad. After a while he became a steam hammer driver, finally becoming a hammerman engaged in forging and stamping, and he remained so until recently. He taught himself shorthand largely dur= ing meal times at the works. At 21 he first acquired a taste for literature through reading an anthology. He then joined the correspondence classes in English Literature conducted from Ruskin College, Oxford, of which he remained a member forfour years. He then studied Latin, and afterwards Greek and French, all three of which he mastered, at the same time leaving home every morning at 5 o’clock on a four mile walk to Swindon and his work. He published his first volume of poems in 1909. His published works of poetry up to the present areas follows : Songs in Waltshore, 1909; Poemsin Wiltshere, 1911 ; Nature and other Poems, 1912; Cor Cordium, 1913. His prose works are: A Weltshre Village, 1912 ; and Villages of the White Horse, 1913. The Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard is publishing serially (June, 1915) a new work, “ Round about the Upper Thames.” The Wansdyke (visited by the Som. Arch. and Nat. Hist. Soc., at Englishcombe, June 25th, 1914). Notes by Albany F. Major in Proc. Som. Arch. and Nat. Hist. Soc., LX. Pt. I, pp. 62—67, 1914. The author explained that he had spent three or four days prior to the meeting in following the line of the Dyke from the point a little west of Bathford, where it left the Roman Road, to Maesknoll, some 3 miles S. of Bristol, the furthest point west to which it could be traced with certainty. Collinson says (Hist. of Somerset) that it went to Portishead, but Hoare could not confirm this, though some traces of the Dyke were found at Yanley Street, 2 or 3 miles north-west of Maesknoll. From Bathford to Bathampton Camp its course is fairly clear, but from this point on in the near neighbourhood of Bath it has been largely obliter- ated. A section of a ditch ina quarry 8.W. of Bathampton Camp may be 296 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, &e. that of the Dyke, but if so the course shown on Ordnance Maps is not correct. At the head of Horsecombe Vale, it reappears near the Cross Keys inn, on the Frome Road, and runs in a straight line due W., ?-mile to Odd Down touching the Fosseway close to Burnt House Inn. Boundary walls and hedges run along the top of the vallum all the way. Near Odd Down a quarry known as Wansdyke Quarry, on the N. side of the Dyke, shows two sections of the ditch, which is here 7ft. 6in. deep from the top of the silting, and probably 8ft. 6in. from the original surface, with a width of 24ft. ; the vallum being about 4ft. high above the edge of the ditch. The ditch here is excavated out of solid rock. Two good photos of the sections in this quarry are given. Form Odd Down to Englishcombe and on to Maesknoll the course of the Dyke can be traced with approximate certainty, though it is no longer visible for considerable stretches. Cuttings made through the Dyke at Englishcombe and Claverton Down made by the Bath Branch of the Somerset Arch. Soc. (Proc. Bath Branch Som. Arch. Soc., vol. 1904—1908, pp. 54), produced no conclusive evidence of date. Devizes, St. Mary’s. Bells rehung. The proposal to recast the six bells into a peal of eight on the ground of their unmusical tone was strongly opposed by the Wilts Archeological Society at the enquiry held by the Chancellor before granting the faculty. The matter, however, ended in the faculty for the recasting being granted. On the breaking out of the war, however, in 1914, it was decided to postpone the question of recasting the peal until after the war, whilst the work of rehanging the existing bells in a new iron frame was proceeded with, and on its completion a re-opening service was held on Aug. 28th, 1915, at which the Archdeacon of Wilts (Ven. E. J. Bodington) gave an address on the history of the bells, all of which were probably founded in Wilts, at Salisbury and Aldbourne. This address is printed infullin Wiltshire Gazette, Sept. 2nd, 1915. The cost of the rehanging has been £280, of which £171 had been secured. The recasting of the peal—which it is much to be hoped may now never be proceeded with—would cost an additional £115. ‘The Thames from Lechlade to Cricklade,”’ by Leonard J. Brown, an article in the December, 1915, number of the G. W. Radway Magazine, is reprinted in the Weltshire Gazette for Dec. 30th, 1915, under the heading ‘“‘ By Canoe from Lechlade to Cricklade.” The course of the river and the many obstacles which it presents to the progress of any kind of boat are described step by step. Gilbert Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury. A Commemora- tion. A short sketch of Burnet’s life and character on the .200th anniversary of his death, by A. H. T. C(larke, Rector of Devizes), is printed in the Wiltshire Gazette, Dec. 16th, 1915. The writer regards him as one of the Church’s “greatest Bishops and most saintly of Christians.” = 5555°>5> = recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, &e. 297 Westbury. Notices of Deaths, Marriages, &c., of Westbury people in the early 19th Century, printed in Wiltshire Times, May 29th, 1915. St. Aldhelm’s Life and Times, a long address by Bp. G. F. Browne (late of Bristol) to the Swindon Branch of the Workers Edu- cational Association, during their visit to Malmesbury Abbey, May 29th, is printed in full in Woltshire Gazette, June 3rd, 1915. He mentions that it is proposed in the Revised Book of Common Prayer to restore St. Aldhelm’s name to the calendar on May 25th. Salisbury, South Wilts, and Blackmore Museum, Annual Report. Salisbury Journal, July 3ist, 1915. Recollections of an Admiral’s Wife, 1903—16. By Gady Poore. With a Portrait. London: Smith, Elder, & Co., 15, Waterloo Place. 1916. Linen, 8tin. X 54#in. pp. xil. + 344. Printed by Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., London and Tonbridge. Ledger B., fol. 150b. “ Electio Majoris civitatis predicte facta in com- | memoracione animarum anno regni Ricardi tercil post conquestum Angliae | primo. ** Willelmus Bokette, Major. “ Juratus coram Domino Rege.” Hatcher missed this entry, as Swayne pointed out ; G.A. No. 19, April 19th, | 1884. B. & H,, p. 207. 6 Ramsay. Lancaster and York, Vol. II., p. 506. between 1225 and 1612. All no doubt the Bishop’s name was omitted from the oath and no obedience sworn to him, but the occasion was obviously exceptional: Nevertheless, the citizens quoted this incident later in support of their contention that the true version of the Mayor’s oath only bound him to be faithful to the King and contained no mention of duty to the Bishop.’ But with all the weight of legal evidence on the Bishop’s side, great ingenuity was needed by the citizens to make out a case for their own claim, and their use of this incident is a good example of snch special pleading. This period of peace and frendly relations, however, did not in the least mean that the causes of controversy had permanently disappeared. They only lay dormant, ready to wake into active life as soon as some fit opportunity should present itself. Moreover, the géneral effect of a period of peace and prosperity was to strengthen the cityin wealth and in the consciousness of its capacity for self-government. In times of peace, Bailiff and Mayor officiated side by side, and the superiority of the former cannot have been as marked as in the days of the city’s origin. His chief sphere of power, jurisdiction, must have been seriously curtailed with the decline in value of seignorial franchises, due to the expansion of royal jurisdiction and the growth of central courts, while of the one developing local magistracy, the Commission of the Peace, the Mayor was equally a member. In practice the authority of the Mayor and Community was much more nearly brought home to all the citizens in the incidents of their daily life. The prices and measures of necessary articles of regular consumption, precautions against fires, the regulation of festivals and payeants, all came up for discussion by the Mayor and his Brethren,” as well as the | ordinary financial and administrative business. Some reflection | of this change in the power of the Bishop’s Bailiff may be seen in an alteration of the status of the person holding that office which 'M.C.S., Box 4, No. 48. “1 R. III. William Bokett was sworn in before the King—yf the said Charter (2.e., g 1472) did bind, yet in respecte the _ Mayor offered to take the usuall othe 2.e., the one which bound the Mayor | only to serve the King) which officers refuse to accepte, this is a forfeiture | of that office beinge a matter of necessitie, etc.” 2See Ledgers passem and many extracts in H.1.C.R., IV. Y 9) — 322 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury took place towards the end of the 15th and beginning of the 16th century. The office of Bailiff seems to have become a sinecure, held by some gentleman of the neighbourhood who performed no duties in person,! while the effective agent within the city, as seen in 1491, was the underbailiff2 This subordinate official seems to have been a person of much lower status than the earlier Bailiff, as is shown by the attitude of the Community towards him. In fact, in 1537, there were actual complaints that the person holding this office was not of sufficient “ gravity and substance.” ? This unrecorded development probably explains the fact that the next controversy opens with assertions of long-established power and independence on the part of the Mayor which the records of the past hardly seem to warrant; yet these confident references to common knowledge themselves indicate the actual possession and exercise of considerable power. (D) Controversy with Bishop Shaxton, 1537—9. The first serious outbreak of controversy between the Bishop and the City in the 16th century was closely connected with the Reformation. The great change in the political status of Bishops involved in this crisis was not without its effect upon their relations with their immediate neighbours and dependents, while the change in the attitude of the civil government towards them made their chances of complete victory in any local dispute much more remote than in the 14th and 15th centuries. In Salisbury, in 1537, a controversy over religious questions coincided with a revival of the ancient conflict between the Bishop and the City, and in the latter, for the first time, the Citizens achieved some slight measure of success. Bishop Nicholas Shaxton 1 Hatcher mentions Sir John Cheyne about 1479 and Sir Thomas Arundel in the first half of the 16th century as Bailiffs. By the beginning of the | 17th century the Earl of Pembroke was both Steward and Bailiff, according | to Cotton’s letter of 1610. (1/.C.S., Box 4, No. 29.) 2 See above. 3 See below, Section IV., D. It is noteworthy that throughout this struggle even the Bishop’s supporters generally put the Mayor’s name before the Bailiff’s. between 1225 and 1612. 323 a (1535—9), one of the more advanced of the reforming Bishops, appears to have pressed forward the changes in Salisbury in such a way as to rouse the indignation of the citizens, who strongly disapproved of them.t In Lent, 1537, he apparently instructed one John Macdowell to preach in the Cathedral in support of the recent changes, particularly in favour of the King’s supremacy and its consequences, Macdowell’s attack upon “the Bishop of Rome” provoked much outspoken indignation which was quickened into active hostility by his reference to the government of the city.” Some persons unknown had torn down the King’s dispensation from fasting in Lent, and neither the Mayor nor the Bailiff had taken steps to discover the offender. According to his own report of his sermon to Cromwell,? Macdowell had said: “There is a variance betwixt the Mayor and the bailey, which is immediate officer under the King, but none of them serveth his Grace; but on my faith I shall advertise*the King’s Council hereof.” For these words he was promptly imprisoned by order of the Mayor but aiterwards released on giving sureties for his personal attend- ance and good behaviour; * he is of no further importance in the quarrel, The variance to which he refers must have been that described in a petition to Cromwell, dated June 7th in the same year. No date is given for the incidents there related, but a parchment roll among the muniments of the Corporation assigns the beginning of the dispute to February, 1537.° The original cause, as given in this document, was the admission to office of a certain serjeant’ by the under-bailiff, Thomas Chamber, without the concurrence of the 'D.N.B. * Letters and Papers of Henry VIII, Vol. XII., Part 1, 1537. Nos. 746, 755, 756, 824, 838. © Food), WOll, SOUL. leavee I, LSB, INO, 7OS 4 Ibid, Vol. XII., Part. 1, No. 8388. mlovd. Vol. “X11, Part 2, 1537, No. 52. Printed in full by B. & Z., p- 237, from Harl. MSS. 6 W.C.8., Box 4, Bundle 2. ’ That is, one of the ‘‘ Servientes ad clavam,” or serjeants-at-mace, already frequently referred to. 324 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury Mayor, The under-bailiff was accused of casting doubt on the Mayor’s authority by saying: “. . . . that the Mayor of Sar’ is not the Kyng’s Mayor but the Bushoppe’s Mayor,” which im- — mediately revived the old dispute. The Community thereupon addressed to Cromwell the petition abovementioned, asserting the jurisdiction of the Mayor and others of his brethren in the com- mission of the peace, complaining of Thomas Chamber, urging that future under-bailiffs should be “ of some gravity and substance,’ and begging that the King would “qualify ” the Bishop’s charter which he had said would “ discharge him for all misuses and for none use.” At the same time was prepared the complaint which is still extant among the corporation muniments;! this was addressed to the Lord Chancellor and was apparently intended to accompany a ‘“boke of articles” which is not now extant. In this document the same complaints appear as in the above petition, special stress being laid upon two matters. One of these was the Mayor’s position as Justice of the Peace which had been customary from 1462, and until July, 1535, de- pendent upon the Bishop’s commission. The Act of that year? | referred to by the citizens, had resumed for the King the sole right of making such appointments, notwithstanding any previous charters or grants; at the same time, it had safeguarded “ cities, boroughs and towns corporate” in the enjoyment of their former privileges, especially that of having Justices of the Peace of their own mem- bers and of appearing only within their own courts. This Act, as the citizens pointed out, “makythe voyde the Bushoppe’s graunte by charters or other wyse before that tyme made concerning the 3 premises;” but it could hardly be interpreted to apply to the | Bishop’s franchises generally. | The second matter of importance in the complaint was the | question of the Mayor’s oath, upon which they desired the King’s | decision. They complained that on the last Law Day, Nov. 15th, | 1536," . . . ‘the Bushoppe’s officers © . >. =. )woldevamaam given unto the Mayor that nowe is of the sayd Citie another | 1 M.C.8., Box 4, Bundle 2. Statutes at Large, 28 H. VIII., Cap. 24. t| i between 1225 and 1612. 325 erronious othe that the said mayor sholde have byn sworne to the Bushoppe of Sav’ as far forthe as to the Kynge our moste Sovraign Lorde, the whych erronious othe the Mayor and his brethren wolde not consente unto for the trewe obedience that they hathe as their most bounden dutie is to bere unto our Sovraign Lorde the Kynge, and also it was contrary to the olde auncient customes of the citie, the whyche mater is nott a little greife unto the Mayor and his brethren.” A reference to the earliest known form of the Mayor’s oath, as taken in the time of Bishop Beauchamp,! shows that the demand of the Bishop’s officers that the Mayor should swear to serve him as well as the King could hardly be considered an innovation. Yet the citizens speak as if their Mayor had been accustomed to take an oath without this clause, and as if the demand for its insertion involved offering “an erronious othe.’ Possibly in the past few years, with the connivance through fear or favour of the officers, they had dropped out the obnoxious clause, In the later part of this same complaint they refer to the charter of Edward IV., 1472, in support of their contention, whereas that document was one of the strongest evidences for the Bishop’s case.? It seems probable, therefore, that lapse of time had tended to the discontinuance of the regular assertion of the Bishop's power and to the growth of a conviction on the citizens’ part that tradition was on their side. The adroit way in which they put their case before the King shows that they realised that the circumstances of their time offered them a favourable opportunity: “, . . he that will take that power (2.2., of confirming the Mayor’s election) from our most Sovraign ! See above, Section IV., B. 2 An interesting distinction made in the same document seems to indicate that the citizens themselves wished to rely on process of law rather than on prerogative: the ‘“boke of articles” was to be “optayned of his grace by his lawfull power according unto Justice and equitie of his lawes and not after his most highest imperiall power in this behalf.” They challenged the Bishop’s rights by Quo Warranto directed to him on Jan. 26th, 1538 (U.C.S., Box 4, No. 44), but the result of the trial is not extant. The Bishop _ appears to have made a similar attack on them on May 23rd, 1544, but no other particulars of this matter can be found (Document in bundle at | Diocesan Registry.) HA.JLC.R., IV., p. 12. 326 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury Lorde the Kynge can be noo lesse then in the derogacion of his emperiall crowne royall if any man will holde plee in that behalfe to the contrary.” The dispute must have been referred, at this stage, to the decision of Justices of Assize sitting in Salisbury, for on August 8th the Community appointed a deputation of six persons to represent it on the coming S. Lawrence’s Day (August 10th).!. A deputation of three persons was also appointed to appear before the King’s Council, and a promise of repayment made to all those who had lent money for the prosecution of the suit. From the correspondence which went on between the two parties and Cromwell, it would appear that the offending under-bailiff, Thomas Chamber, was removed, for from October, 1537, onwards the name of John Goodale or Goodall appears in that office? Perhaps he was of more “gravity and substance” than his pre- decessor; certainly he was no less tenacious of the Bishop’s rights. A lively altercation between him and certain members of the Community was reported to Cromwell on November 2nd,’ in which he had asserted the inferior position of the Mayor and compared him disrespectfully with the catchpoll and the bellman. The two — citizens who gave evidence of this had for their part maintained the Mayor’s power to put even the bailiff by the heels, asserting that the King in his letters had named him “his Mayor” and that the mace carried before him bore the King’s arms.* The mingling of religious with civic controversy seen at the outset of this struggle appears here also in one of the bailiffs retorts: “ Wilt thou carry a faggot upon thy back?”; but the main issue was evidently still | the question of the official oath, since the bailiff’s final threat was: | “ Within these 10 days one shall come that shall put aside all these | matters and swear the Mayor and all the citizens to the Bishop and not to the King, and i they refuse the same they shall not dwell within the city.” | 1 Ledger B., fol. 284a. H.ILC.R., IV., p. 218; here the folio reference | is given as 286, the second pagination having been suddenly adopted. 2 1.6 P., Vol, Xil., Part 2, 1537, No.8 io: 3 Ibid, No. 1033. 4 But this was a grant to the Bishop, according to the Letters Patent of 1472. | yy. -> between 1225 and 1612. 327 Meanwhile, the attempt to arrive at a legal decision seems to have achieved little success. The citizens reported to Cromwell on Novy, 7th that they had given their evidences to the Lord Chief Justice, who would report to him. Bishop Shaxton, however, in his letter of November 20th, complained that certain of the citizens had prevented the justices from coming to a conclusion at their session in the city, hinting that they intended to make the case drag on vexatiously without arriving at any definite decision.’ He quoted his charters and remonstrated with Cromwell for his advice® to attempt nothing, all the attempting being on the other side. It is evident from the tone of his letter that he expected little sympathy, and this appears still more clearly in another letter of March 21st, 15384 In this, after writing chiefly of other matters, _he refers at the end to Cromwell’s favourable attitude to Mayor and Community and their contention, and regrets that he should have taken offence at the Bishop’s claim. He asserts again that his rights in the matter depended on royal charters, yet that both the grants and himself also were “at the King’s beck.” Meanwhile both parties endeavoured to prove their zealous loyalty and obedience to the King. Shaxton and Goodall were active in carrying forward the surrender of religious communities, é.g., the Grey and Black Friars in Salisbury,® while the Mayor and Community summoned before themselves persons who had spoken against the King and forwarded the depositions taken to Cromwell.® Goodall appears to have suffered imprisonment at their hands for some unknown cause towards the end of 1538,’ but to have been at liberty early in 1539.8 In April of that year the Mayor im- prisoned Goodall’s servant for taking down an image which the B Ms 88 Jeo, SV Ola 2M, LEB Hy MSBAG ISI, WOR, 2 Tbed, Vol. XII., Part 2, 1537, No. 1114. ’ Evidently given in a letter, not now extant, of Nov. 11th, to which ' Shaxton refers. 1b, 84 Je, Ol OSIUUIE, JEENA8 hy WEBS INGs 7A ® Ibid, Vol. XIII., Part 2, 1538, Nos. 518—19. 6 Tbid, No. 90. ord, No 64, 1178. SECO m Ole bart l. 1589. INO. dev. 328 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury people were pressing to kiss; this is the last reference to the conflict, which thus appears to have ceased abruptly without coming to any definite conclusion. The reason for this must have been the fall of Shaxton, consequent upon the passing of the Six Articles in June, 1539,! and the change of ecclesiastical policy on the part of the King which this enactment expressed. After opposing the passing of this Act in vain in his place in the House of Lords, Shaxton resigned his bishopric, and with his departure the controversy seems to have ceased.? At the conclusion of this dispute, though no formal recognition was made of the position claimed by the Mayor, the balance of victory was distinctly on the side of the Community. Even in Shaxton’s days of power, Cromwell’s favour seems to have been bestowed on his opponents, and the Bishop’s fall must have left them rejoicing. In 1540 the Commission of the Peace for the City® included with other names those of the Mayor, Richard | Lobbe, and four others of his brethren, one of whom was the | Thomas Chaffyn who had been accused by Shaxton of leadership | in the recent disputes It may be presumed, therefore, that sub- sequent Mayors were firmly established in their contention and — ready to maintain it vigorously against any challenging Bishop. This becomes clearer as the history of the 16th century proceeds, until the emancipation of the city was at last achieved at the beginning of the 17th century. | (EH) Incidents of Pertod 1539—1593, During the half century and more which elapsed between the controversies of Bishop Shaxton and Bishop Coldwell respectively with their citizens, there are many indications that the latter kep6 | a careful guard over the position that they had won. The inter- | vening Bishops seem to have done little to maintain their rights, | 1 Statutes at Large, 31 H. VIII., Cap. XIV. 2 DNB. $0, & P., Vol.’ X1V., 1540, No. 282, sect. 8. 4Tbid, Vol. XII, Part 2, 1537, No, 1114. between 1225 and 1612. 329 except Bishop Jewel, who in 15611 secured a confirmation of the Charter:of 1472. He also confirmed the incorporation of the Gilds of Weavers and Tailors.” The citizens for their part were much more active, as became the ageressive party. The Ledgers show them gradually engrossing business which, according to the Composition of 1306, must originally have been done in the Bishop’s court, such as regulating the Assize of Ale and providing victual for the city.2 They were careful, not only to maintain their actual power by the effective exercise of it, but also to assert their dignity and secure the formal recognition of their title to govern. Thus in 1560 it was punctiliously recorded in the Ledger that four persons named had “herd the Bishop of Sarum say that the Mayor of Sarum was his Mayor and the people of Sarum hissubjectes.”* Noaction in the matter is recorded in the Ledger and no reference to a dispute on this occasion has been found, The breviat already quoted, after referring to language of this kind on the part of individual Bishops in 1537 and again in 1565, says \that: “on beinge broughte to be hearde before the then Lorde Keeper,? the matter was by his meanes shutt up and the B. revoked or woulde not justifie the wordes and the B. willed by him to contente himselfe with the profitts and lett the Mayor alone with |the goverunment.”° It is possible, however, that this may refer, jnot to 1565, but to the disputes of 1537, which were referred to Cromwell, then Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal; certainly his advice to Shaxton on that occasion seems to have been very much on the lines described by the citizens in the above quotation. | a , | *B.& H.,p.296. P.#.O., Confirmation Koll 88., Sept. 1st, 4 Eliz., Part I. | Mem, 11—17. | 2 Jewel Register, fol. 45a and b. ‘“Confirmatio incorporacionis arte itextorum Civitatis Nove Sar’;” dated 1564. Also fol. 47a and b. ‘“Con- firmatio incorporacionis hominibus Mistere Cissorum Civitatis Novae ‘|Sar’;” with the date not filled in. _ *See Ledgers B. and C. passim, especially extracts printed in HJLC.R., IV., pp. 220, 222, 224, 225, 227—8, and contrast pp. 204—5 and Articles 19—25 of the Composition of 1306, given in 7'.C., pp. 195—7. | ~ Ibegleerr 183, iol, Bases zl OT in, as on Oa _ °In 1565 Sir Nicholas Bacon was Lord Keeper of both the Great and \Privy Seals. (Hadyn’s Book of Dignities, pp. 240, 356.) . § M.C0.8., Box 4, No. 48. | | 330 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury The efforts of the Community to assert the dignity of its mem- bers were not always made in opposition to the Bishop ; on occasion additional power and consequence were sought for through him. Thus, his influence in the nomination of Justices of the Peace! was recognised by them in 1578, in spite of the fact that forty years before their predecessors had emphasised the withdrawal of his right to issue the Commission himself. On January 15th, 1578, it was agreed? “. . . that there be a sute made and effectually prosecuted by Mr. Mayor and his hole companie unto the nowe Lorde Bishope, that all those who have bin alredie maiors of this Cittie, and those whiche from tyme to tyme shalbe maiors of this Cittie may be in commission of the peax and gaol deliverie within this Cittie.” No copy of any petition in this sense to the Bishop is extant, nor is there any indication of the appointment of more members of the Community than usual. For the most part, however, the Community kept before itself the possibility of obtaining a charter directly from the Queen | without theintervention of the Bishop, so as to secure independence — | for the City. Probably with this intention the Mayor and his Brethren endeavoured to gain Court favour, especially with persons whe were reputed to have influence with the Queen. The sinecure office of “chief stewardshypp of the Corporacion of the Maior and Cominalty of this Cytty” was created, and granted in turn, with a stipend of £6 13s. 4d., to various great personages. Sir Francis Walsyngham is the first person mentioned in the Ledger as having | held it;* when he died in 1590 it was granted to Sir Christopher | Hatton, the Lord Chancellor, one of the Queen’s close intimates.* In 1591, on Hatton’s death, it was granted to Sir Thomas Heneage,” vice-chambevlain of the Queen’s household and so much in her favour ‘ Coldwell, in a letter of 1593 says,; “‘ But sithence the statute of King Henry VIII. . . . . they have found favour of your predecessors’ hands to give the names of such as should be in commission.” "Ledger €., fol. 50b; HAC. 2. ING, p. 220: 3 Ledger C., fol. 122b; A.IU.C.R., IV. p. 229. There are two errors in transcription here: the sum should be £6 13s. 4d, asin other similar grants, and the name at the end “the said Sir Francis,” not Thomas. 4 DNB. > Ledger C., fol. 129a. between 1225 and 1612. aol that even Leicester was said to be jealous of him! To him, in 1593, the Community showed further complaisance by allowing him to nominate one of the two burgesses whom they were about to elect as Members of Parliament.? Of this privilege the citizens were usually jealous, as was shown by their resolution in 1572? that henceforth they would keep this nomination and election in their own hands. Heneage held the office of Chief Steward till his death in 1595, when it was conferrred upon Sir John Puckeringe, _ Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, another of the Queen’s favourites.® _ The account of this policy on the part of the Mayor and Com- _ munity has carried us beyond the intervening period into the time of the dispute with Bishop Coldwell; but it is difficult to separate _ these periods since the agitation for a new charter had gone on for ' some years before open conflict with that Bishop broke out. As | far back as 1582 there is a reference in the Ledger ® to the ap- i pointment of a deputation for this purpose; but it is noteworthy that it was instructed “to ride to London and to the Reverend | ffather the nowe Byshopp of Sav’ to travell in the furtheraunce and | obteininge of a corporacion,” so that the effort was to be made in ‘co-operation with the Bishop if possible. It does not appear to have been successful, and further deputations and resolutions are ‘recorded in the following years; thus a deputation was appointed on April 24th, 1587,’ and it was agreed on Jan. 20th, 1588, “ that ‘this Citty shall be made a County.” ® Much the same resolution appears also on Dee. 14th, 1590,? on Oct. 11th, 1591,!° and on November 2nd, 1591,!! but in none of these cases is there any | 1 DNB. 2 Ledger C., fol. 133b; H.JL.C-R., IV., p. 230. | 3 [bid, fol. 22b; H.IC.R., IV., p. 226. | 4 Ibid, fol. 147a; H.M.C.R., IV., pp. 232—3. 5 DNB. ® Ledger C., fol.;72a. The entry is followed by a list of more than a dozen charters delivered to the deputation for this purpose and duly re- ‘turned on May 22nd. 7 Ibid, fol. 98a. 8 Ledger C., fol. 100a. SeHGUa Ole larceny Pe On tuey Vie De 220% | % Tbid, fol. 127a. This is the last paragraph on p. 229 H.IL.C.R., IV. ; it is printed there under the date of the preceding entry. PhOvd atoll 28) ps SS 332 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury reference to negotiation with the Bishop, as in the first noted above. The last two occur side by side with the appointments of Hatton and Heneage, already. mentioned, which evidently represent an indirect approach to the same goal. The close connection of the desire for a new charter with these attempts to gain favour at headquarters is also shown in the authority given to the deputation — of 15911“, . . to make offer unto the worshipful Mr. John Popham, Her Majestie’s attorney generall, of one annuytie or yearly fee of £3 6s. 8d. to be geven unto him out of the Chamber of this Cittie.” No result of any of these deputations is recorded, but they indicate sufficiently the temper of the Community when Coldwell became Bishop at the end of 1091.2. During his episcopate a serious dispute developed, almost the last in the long struggle, but in character closely resembling those which had gone before. (F) Dispute with Bishop Coldwell and rts sequel. The first year of Coldwell’s episcopate seems to have passed peacefully, but early in 1593 some animosity towards him was | expressed by a minority of the Community. On Jan. 29th of that | year John Hinckley, one of the Forty-Hight, was expelled for | “. . . his outragious speeches uttered and published by him against the Reverend father in God the nowe Busshop of Sar’,” and | his refusal to submit and reconcile himself with the Bishop. The majority of the Community on that occasion was evidently friendly | to the Bishop; this is shown also by the resolution of the same } meeting that the “Peticion of my Lo. Busshop touchinge the | reformacion of the poore shalbe forthwith pat in execucion by the | ASSENT 8 and nee of the whole sorpete” a long resolution of protest against the Bishop’s action+ The | | particular grievance mentioned was the description of the Mayor | of the City as “absolutelie his Mayor,” not only verbally by the Bishop’s officers but officially in writing in a commission for the | 1 See note 1°, p. 331 above. 2 DNB: 3 Ledger C., fol. 134 a. * Ledger C., fols. 185b and 136a. A.2/.C_R., 1V., pp. 230-1. i | between 1225 and 1612. , 333 collection of the subsidies, of which the opening phrases are quoted. It was directed first to the Bishop and next “. . . Maiori pre- dicti Episcopi Civitatis sue Nove Sarum,” and thus incorporated the obnoxious designation in a document issued in the name of the Queen herself. The indignation roused by this evidently altered the attitude of the Community towards Jolin Hinckley, for at the same meeting : “Upon special consideracions them thereunto movinge, John Hinckley is againe restored and admitted to his rome and place.”! It was decided also that the Mayor should “immediately “travell unto the Lorde Keeper for that tyme beinge : for the reversinge of the said commission: who did presentlie _travell unto the Court,and . . . the Lorde Keper did forth- with graunt a newe commission for the said subsidies accordinge to the former president, title and style in that behalf used.”” Evidently the Bishop’s letter of August, 1593, which Hatcher | prints as an answer to the Community’s petition of 1595,* must belong to this time. In it Coldwell speaks of the Lord Keeper’s | demand for the return of the first Commission and apologises for having retained it, explaining that his motive was not ambition but “the foresight of sedition.” Apparently he had desired to “keep the document as an evidence that his view of the Mayor’s ‘position had the sanction of the central government. As will be ‘seen the citizens accused him of having, by some means, procured the insertion of the obnoxious designation in the heading of the | Commission, but this he denied.° Other grievances between the Bishop and the Community re- "mained, and the same meeting decided to appeal to the Privy | Council for their rectification, if no satisfaction should be obtained \ ! 1 [bid, fol. 136; not printed in H.U.C.R. IV. * Ledger C., fols. 135b, 136a. A. U.C.R., IV., pp. 230-1. The last | paragraph is obviously a memorandum added afterwards but the date of | Coldwell’s letter above shows that the whole affair was summarily dealt | with. | * Harl. MS., 286,121. Printed B. & H., p. 301 with date but no reference. ‘Tt could not be an answer to the petition even if Hatcher’s date of June, 1594, were correct (B. & H., p. 298). Sir John Puckering was Lord Keeper | of the Great Seal from 1592—6 (Hadyn’s Book of Dignities, p. 356). | = . * See below. 5 See below, and references there given. | | 334 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury from the Bishop. There is no record of his answer to the deputation appointed, but the development of the dispute makes it clear that he stood upon his rights, as recent Bishops had, apparently, not done. Among the muniments of the Corporation is a writ of Quo Warranto,' dated July 26th, 35 Elizabeth, challenging the various liberties which the Community enjoyed, but there is no available evidence of the progress of this method of attack. In other ways the dispute was tenaciously maintained by both parties. On Nov. 14th, when the Mayor-Elect, Richard Godfrey, appeared before the deputy-steward to be sworn in, he was offered “an erronyous othe,” ° whiche he refused “in regard of his dutie to her Majestie.”2 This must have been the oath involving a recognition of duty to the Bishop as well as to the Queen, which had been a grievance of the Community in Shaxton’s time. A deputation of the principal members of the Community was appointed to deal with the matter, and, a month later,? a loan of money was taken from all the members for the prosecution of the suit, In the Easter Term of the same year the Bishop’s franchises were challenged by a Quo Warranto, as appears from the detailed instructions to counsel in answer to it which are preserved among the Episcopal muni- ments. No further particulars relating to this action have been found, but in a formal legal enquiry the Bishop’s charters and letters patent must have been difficult to impugn; no assertion not amply supported by such evidence appears in the above docu- ment. As in earlier controversies, both parties recognised that the question of the oath was the vital point, and appear. to have con- centrated their efforts upon deciding this first. The Bishop must have approached the Community with reference to a joint ap- plication to the Queen or her Council, for on September 17th, 1594, the matter was mentioned in Convocation.® The decision of the Community is not recorded, but there is no evidence of joint | 1M.C.S., Box 4, No. 49. 2 Ledger C., fol. 138a. A.I.C.R., IV., pp. 231-2. 3 [bid, fols. 138-9. ¢ Diocesan Registry ; in bundle described on p. 12, H.I.C.R., IV. 5 Ledger C., fol. 141; H.IZC.£., 1V., p. 232. between 1225 and 1612. 335 action during the following months. Evidently the next Mayor, Thomas Grafton, who was elected in November, 1594, also refused to take the oath that the Bishop desired,’ and at some time after this,? both parties appear to have sent up to the Council the versions which they asserted to be those in regular use. Coldwell sent up a copy of the oath that he desired, with a petition * asserting that it had been taken in this form since the Composition of 1306, except during the controversy with Bishop Beauchamp, when the King’s command was necessary to compel the Mayor to take it. Recently controversy had again developed: “ Within these two years or thereabouts two several maiors have taken two severall oaths tending to the disheritance of the same Churche and to the overthrow of the Charters and privileges thereunto granted and belonginge only.” He says also that the old oath for which he petitioned had the approval of her Majesty’s Attorney General and of “others of great experience in the lawe,” and that it was the only security for the proper discharge of duty by the officials of the City, to the Queen no less than to the Bishop. The oath ‘that he enclosed appears to be a copy of the second 1 His refusal is referred to by the Community in their petition of January, 1595 (see below), and also in Coldwell’s answer to it, Item (2): “If the sayd Thomas Grafton would have taken the sayd accustomed oathe, yt should have been receaved.” (J/.C.S., Box 4, No. 47.) The Ledgers afford little evidence. In the years just before the struggle it had been usual to record the election of the Mayor on Nov. 2nd, but to call him mayor-elect in the record of any meeting which took place between that date and his swearing-in at the Bishop’s Court on Nov. 14th. (Ledger C., fols. 122-3.) Grafton’s election was as usual, but the next meeting was on Nov. 22nd ; there is thus nothing to show whether he had been sworn in or not. On the other hand, there is no reference to his being sworn in before the Community, such as was frequent during the dispute with Beauchamp. (See above, Section IV. B). 2 The copies which are among the Corporation muniments are not dated, but Coldwell’s petition now to be dealt with refers to two contumacious Mayors, 2.e., Godfrey and Grafton, and the Community’s copy of the oath is said to be that taken in 1594. Probably the two versions were sent up _ some time between November, 1594, and the consideration of the oath by : the Lord Chief Justices; this must have taken place before the petitions | of the two parties early in 1595, for they both referjto the Justices’ decision. ’ Petition and copy of oath are both in Bundle 2, Box 4, J/.C.S. | VOL. XXXIX.—NO. OXXV. Z 336 The relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury version in the Liber Niger; it agrees substantially with the first version of Bishop Beauchamp’s time,? though there are many slight differences in spelling and phrasing. Only two alterations are of — importance. In the clause relating to the Assize of bread and ale, ete.: for the phrase: “. . . be observed and kept after the law requyreth trewly,” there is substituted: “, . . be observed and kept after that the proclamation shalbe made in the lawday of this Cittie,” 2.¢, in the Bishop’s Court. In the next clause, relating to forestallers and regrators, for“. . . bearrested and brought befor my lord’s officers that they may be openly punysshed lawfully after their deservyng,” there is substituted: “. . . bee openly punyshed after their deservyng by the guyding of my Lord’s Court and his officers.” The first of these alterations is more considerable than the second, but it is clear that they both have the same purpose, viz., to assert clearly the jurisdiction of the Bishop’s Court in respect of two matters wherein the Mayor and Community had lately been encroaching. It has been noted already that during the middle of the 16th century Convocation had taken to itself much of this business; in 1500 the Ledger refers specifically? to November 18th, “whiche day Mr, Meyor shall make his proclamacion” in reference to the Assize of Ale. The version of the oath now quoted by Coldwell appears definitely to attack this encroachment, and was probably a later version than Beauchamp’s, modified for this purpose; on all other points the two versions are agreed, but it is curious that the Bishop did not offer the oldest version among his records as the best evidence of his long-established rights. The Community for its part must also have sent up a copy of the version which was claimed to be usual and traditional. In the same box of documents appears a copy of the oath headed : “The oath which was taken the xxvi™ of November, A° Regni Elizabeth, ebe.: xxxvi°."* It was probably taken by Thomas Grafton NAV toll be 2 See above, Section [V., B. 3 Ledger B., fol. 305b; H.IZ.C.£#., IV., p. 220. * M.C.S., Box 4, No. 56; either a draft of the copy sent up or the original returned. SSS ESS between 1225 and 1612. 337 before Convocation although no record of the fact appears in the Ledgers; certainly it would never have been accepted in the Bishop’s Court. It omits all reference to the Bishop and all the phrases acknowledging the jurisdiction of his court; it omits entirely the clause binding the Mayor to inform the Bishop’s officers of escheats and casualties, and also that which bound him to keep the conditions of the Composition of 1306. It is thus very much cut down, and contains nothing which might not have appeared if the City had never had any connection with the Bishop at all. The entire omission of all reference to the Bishop’s Court may be compared with the assertions of two undated documents among the Corporation muniments: these flatly deny the juris- diction of the Court in many matters expressly mentioned in the Composition of 1306. One of them! criticises the Bishop’s version of the oath in respect of all the points omitted in the Community's version and says that Articles 2, 3, 6, 12,13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 24, and 27 of the Composition? are contrary to the actual custom. The other? declares that the taking of the oath before the Bishop or his official had been a matter of “curtezie and reverence to the Bishop and not of anye necessitie.” So much hard swearing and flat contradiction were employed on both sides at this stage in the long duel that it is difficult to put much faith in mere assertion on either side. ‘There is, however, one scrap of presumably unbiassed evidence. The one fragment of the Court Roll still extant* certainly supports the Community’s assertion that few of the matters mentioned came before the Bishop’s Court. The fragment mentioned covers a period of comparative peace between 1565—1581, and may be presumed fo represent the normal state of things. Little business appears at all except petty matters such as the appraisement of distraints ; over and over again nothing is recorded but the presence or absence of the Aldermen, and even on the often-quoted lawday, ' M.C.S., Box 4, Bundle 2. Matters in question between the Bishop and the Mayor. 2 7.C., pp. 191—7. See above, Section IITI., B. *M.C.S., Box 4, No. 56. 4 M.C.S., small bound volume in bookshelf. ZZ 338 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury Nov. 14th, there is no mention of swearing in the mayor. As _we shall see later the opinion of the justices who considered the oath seems to have been on the side of the Community’s version. In addition to the copy of the oath just discussed there exist two versions inserted at the beginning of Ledger C., but undated. The first of these+ makes much the same omissions relating to the Bishop’s Court, his escheats, and the Composition of 1306, but in- cludes his name after that of the King, with the description “ Lord of this Cittie”; the second? belongs to a later date and may be passed over for the present. Towards the end of 1594 or the beginning of 1595 the matter came before the Lords of the Privy Council, and the drafting of an oath which should serve as the basis of a compromise was re- ferred by them to the Lords Chief Justices? The formula thus: drafted * seems to have commended itself to the Community but to have been utterly refused by the Bishop, without whose consent it could not be adopted.° The Community’s petition of Jan, 26th, 1595 put for on this 1 Pasted into the front of Ledger C. 2 Written on the first leaf of Ledger C; it is the version taken after the Charter of 1612. See Section V., B. 3 Both these points are given in the Community’s petition to the Council, dated Jan. 26th, 1595, which is printed in B. & Z., pp. 298—301, from the Burleigh papers in the Lansdowne MSS., 78, 1. It is one of Benson’s transcriptions and, as usual, very inaccurate. The date is not June but January 1594, z.e*, according to the modern reckoning of the year, 1595; the | reference to the MSS. is wrong also. Throughout, the singular “ Lordship” | is given, instead of the plural, and the petition described as addressed to ‘The Lord Keeper.” It appears to be a copy, perhaps made for Burleigh’s convenience, of a petition addressed to the Council. Other errors are ‘“newe” for “nowe” throughout, and “desiering ” instead of “ declining,” | which makes nonsense of Item 3: “that the nowe Mayor declining to take | the same othe,” etc. There are many other minor omissions and alterations. | 4 Unfortunately no copy is extant; it may have: been the first one in | Ledger C., referred to above, but this seems too bald for Bishop Cotton’s | assertion that the draft charter of 1609—10 was inconsistent with it. (See | below, Section V., A.) | 5 [bid. See also the Bishop’s answer to the petition, J.C.S., Box 4, No. 47. between 1225 and 1612. 339 refusal among its many grievances;’ these mainly relate to the elaim of the Bishop to the swearing in of the Mayor as he wished, and to the jurisdiction of his Court according to the Composition of 1306. Now, as in former quarrels, the matter of the oath was regarded as the first essential, and the Bishop’s refusal to accept the Justices’ version was a serious obstacle in the way of any compromise. Several further hearings by the Council seem to have been necessary,” and a deputation to represent the Community before it was appointed on Jan. 17th? The case came before the Council on February oth, 1595,* but nothing seems to have been done except to appoint another bearing for the Monday after Haster week,? and to require another deputation. Possibly the Bishop was not present, or not adequately represented. For the next meeting both parties appointed attorneys,° but there is no record of any action taken by the Council at it. More resulted from a hearing before the Council on May 23rd. According to an undated document’ representing the Bishop’s point of view, on this occasion the Community was required to produce proof by May 28th of several articles in its petition of January 26th; among these were two which asserted that the Bishop was responsible for the direction of the Subsidy Commission 1 Ledger C. In a criticism of this petition (JZ.C.S , Box 4, Bundle 58), which from internal evidence must belong to the end of May, 1595, (see below), the Bishop appears to have demanded proof of this refusal and sug- gested that it was a malicious accusation by the Community, but in his _ formal answer (J7.C.S., Box 4, No. 47) he gives reason for the refusal. ? Unfortunately no reference to these hearings can be found in any of the. official records of the Privy Council. 3 Power of Attorney, JZ.C.S., Drawer P., No. 16. 4 Ledger C., fol. 146b. A.I.C.R., IV., p. 232. > April 3rd; Easter in 1595 was on March 26th. * Power of Attorney by the Community, April 11th ; J/.C.S., Box 4, No. 1. Letter by the Bishop, April 22nd; Bundle in the Diocesan Registry. Mr. Davies, in his Introduction to the Tropenell Cartulary (pp. xix.— xx.) refers _ this letter to Bishop John Piers: but both the date and the mention of the _ Privy Council Order assign it to this year. 7’ M.C.S., Box 4, Bundle 58. ‘“ A Remembrance of certain slanderous articles.” This sums up the dispute up to this point, with the dates men- tioned above, and enumerates the articles to be proved, referring to them by their numbering in the Community’s petition. 340 Lhe Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury of 1593 and that he had refused the Justices’ version of the oath.t The heading of the Subsidy Commission had immediately been altered in the way the citizens desired, as has been seen, but they were apparently still anxious to accuse the Bishop of having pro- cured the insertion of the offending phrase and so to bring him into disfavour. The second matter is one of those dealt with in a formal answer to the Community’s attack, which must have been drawn up for the Council by Coldwell:and his advisers during the first half of 1595, though the copy among the Corporation muni- ments is undated.? It claimed the usual franchises and privileges which the Community had challenged, insisting above all upon the acceptance of the usual oath by the Mayor and expressing willingness to allow him to co-operate with the Bailiff in the government of the city, provided this security had first been given. The reason put forward to explain the refusal of the oath in the form drafted by the Justices was that, unlike the version that he desired to be accepted, it was not consistent with the Bishop’s charters. About this stage of the proceedings the Council appear to have referred the matter to four Commissioners who were to investigate in detail the mutual grievances between the two parties and ar- bitrate between them. On August 20th® these Commissioners reported to the Council that the citizens were very willing to end the matter and to apologise to the Bishop for any offence that they had given, while he for his part was willing to arrange a reconciliation upon this acknowledgment. Still the ending of the | controversy depended upon the oath, and both parties therefore | “joyntly beseeche your good Lo” to vouchsafe them this favor | that by your Lo” meanes her Ma*‘* maye be moved to geve her gracious allowance of suche oathe from henceforthe to be ministred | to the Maior as best shalbe agreable with her highnes goodlykinge, | either one of those which heretofore they have used or suche other | ‘The Bishop’s statement for the Lord Chief Justice in Feb., 1596 (see | p. 145) says that the Community failed in this proof and made submission | and apology. | PGES Shoe WN ca, 6G S Rox Aikeee a between 1225 and 1612. 341 as her Ma" in her princely wisedome and consideracion shall thinke fitt.” The Commissioners also joined in this plea, as they realised that other details could not be settled till this fundamental point was agreed on. The outcome of this recommendation was that the point was referred to the Archbishop of Canterbury and Sir John Puckering, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal,! who deliberated upon the two versions submitted by the contending parties and their conflicting assertions with regard to them.? Further evidence was required, and a Commission was directed to six of the local gentry to examine witnesses on cath and require answers to a number of questions appended.? No official report of this Commission can be found, but a letter of Coldwell to the Council, dated November 11th, 1595,4 implies that the result of the examination had been favourable to the Bishop’s contention, at any rate as regards the promise to fulfil the Composition of 1306. He insists at length upon the importance of this matter as the foundation of the rights both of the Bishop and the Community and as essential for the good government of the city. In other respects he expresses his willingness to accept any modification of the oath which the Queen or her Council may suggest. It is evident from the tone of the letter that peace had not been reached. The Bishop speaks of the Citizens’ deliberate delays, of their “insolent and malicious” behaviour, “ beinge, since my late forgivinge them the injuryes which they did unto me, more despightfull than ever they were before.” The matter appears now to have passed from the cognisance of the Council to that of the Courts of Law. There is little detailed evidence of its progress, but the long list of the Bishop’s grievances * The appointment of Puckering as Chief Steward was made in October, 1595; he had already shown favour to the Community 1 in redirecting the Subsidy Commission. * All these details are given in the Commission next to be mentioned, which is dated Oct. 31st, 1595. (J.0.8., Box 4, No. 60.) *This must be the list of questions given in J/.C.S., Box 4, No. 51, but not attached to No. 60. Possibly the versions of the oath already referred to, found in the same box, were the enclosures. 4 M.C.S., Box 4, Bundle 58. 342 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury dated February 8th, 1596,1 was drawn up for the consideration of the Lord Chief Justice and comprises a more extensive list of complaints than any of the documents previously quoted. In this document the Bishop asserts that the Community had denied him his rights in lands and rents, in amercements and profits, in services and official duties, in submission to his court, and in obedience to his ordinances, and further that it had falsely accused him to the Council, and slandered him publicly. There is no evidence to show for what purpose this document was drawn up, nor are any par- ticulars extant as to the progress of the matter during 1596. In October of that year Bishop Coldwell died,? and an interregnum of more than two years took place before his successor was appointed.? The controversy might have been expected to lapse as it had on the resignation of Shaxton, but there are one or two indications that this did not occur. According to a later document, drawn up by Bishop Cotton about 1607 as a record of his objections to the granting of a Charter by James I., there was many years after- wards: “a recorde of Quo Warranto nowe dependinge againste them from 36° of Queen Klizabethe.”* This would seem to show that the case begun in 1593 had not then been closed. Probably the breviat, which has already been so often quoted, was drawn up as an instruction to counsel at this time, for it reads as if intended for use during this controversy, though it speaks of Coldwell as “the last bishop.”°® Early in 1597 there is an entry in the Ledger® respecting the appointment of two members of the Community to appear on its behalf in answer to a Quo Warranto, but it is not clear whether this was connected with the recent controversy or not. The dispute over the oath seems to have continued into the early years of Cotton’s episcopate. Upon his election as Bishop, Nov. 12th, 1598,” he wrote a friendly letter to the Community, beseeching 1 Bundle at Diocesan Registry. Printed in B. & H., pp. 302-3. 7 D.N.B. 3 T. Fuller’s Worthies of England, Vol. I., p. 406. Nichols’ Edition. 1811, ‘ MCS., Box 4, Bundle 58. 5 M.C.S., Box 4, No. 48. ® Ledger C., fol. 153 b. 7 M.C.8., Box 4, No. 5. No year is given, but the next letter is clearly dated by the Mayor. ——— SSS between 1225 and 1612. 343 them that the controversies during his predecessor’s time “ togither with the person may be buryed and intombed,” and urging that the oldest known form of the oath must be the best. This overture evidently met with no response, for on Dec. 3rd+ the Bishop wrote again offering that the obnoxious protestation should not be said by the Mayor but recited by the Bishop’s official.2 There is no evidence of the result of this suggested compromise, and Hatcher has printed a letter of Cotton’s appealing to the Queen in the matter.* Probably the compromise suggested in the Bishop’s second letter was adopted; it would represent a considerable con- cession on his part, since the Community would thus be able to maintain its contention that the oath actually taken by the Mayor omitted all reference to the disputed points. At any rate, by the Bishop's own admission in the next dispute, the oath henceforward taken was that drafted by the Justices and formerly refused by Coldwell; in the list of his objections to the new charter drawn up about 1607 occurs the following statement: “It is againste the Petitioners owne oathe, made for the Maiors of this Cittie Signed by the honorable the twoo Lordes Chief Justices handes yet livinge And taken by the nowe maior and other his predecessors in that office for divers yeares paste.” # There is one clear evidence of Cotton’s effective exercise of his governing powers as defined in the charter of Edward IV. Among the Episcopal archives exists a petition ® by a number of citizens calling themselves “the middle estate of the said Citty,” who beg the Bishop to make ordinances to restrain the influx of strangers and prevent the decay of the city. They assure the Bishop that ' M.C.S., Box 4, No. 6. Addressed to Zachary Lyminge, Mayor 1598—9. * His words were: ‘‘the oathe to be taken playnelye and symplye as it was before, but the protestacion and exception to be made onelie by my officer, yt ministrethe the oathe on my parte and not on yours to be made.” This appears to refer to some clause safeguarding the Bishop’s rights which it would seem that the Justices had included. * B. & H., Appendix, p. 772. No reference given and not found among _ either the Episcopal or municipal archives. 4 M.C.S., Box 4, Bundle 58. See below. ®> Bundle in Diocesan Registry. 344 The Relations of the Lishops and Citizens of Salisbury they do not mean in any way to usurp his rights; “as happilye (sic) hath bin heretofore unadvisedly attempted by others.” Hatcher speaks of this as signed by the Mayor of 1602-3, James Haviland, and takes it to represent the action of the Community. But the first of the fifteen signatures is that of John Haviland, and of the other names only one, that of Henry Hammond, occurs in the Ledger in the years following 15982 where the names of the Community are regularly recorded. This fact, taken with the two quotations already given, suggests that the petition was not drafted by the ruling oligarchy at all, but by lesser tradesmen. Cotton himself spoke of it in 1610 as “ the townsmen’s peticion,” * a phrase which he would scarcely have used to describe the Mayor and Community. Nevertheless, the Bishop drew up ordinances in response to this request,* and there is no indication that they were not obeyed. This is the last piece of evidence found which can in any way be connected with this dispute. On the whole the issue of this struggle is more obscure than that of any preceding it. The two parties seem to have contended | on more equal terms than ever before, and each at some stage of | the dispute took up a position which had later to be surrendered. The evidence throughout is conflicting and the contradictory | assertions are very difficult to interpret. Further, the quality of | the evidence is not good; few of the original documents can be | found, and the mass of material preserved among the Corporation : muniments consists mainly of rough drafts or copies neither dated nor signed. It is unfortunate that the Letters and State Papers do not furnish evidence of the progress of this dispute as they | do of the quarrel with Shaxton. This lack of evidence, however, | matters the less at this stage in the long controversy as the precise } issue of the contest is less important. The citizens were on the eve of victory, but they were finally to achieve it by a different | method. The realisation that it was necessary to approach their O55 C6 JE les (Os B04, 2 Ledger C.., fols. 157—172. 3 In his criticism of the draft charter, 1£.C.S., Box 4, No. 21, see below. 4 Bundle in Diocesan Registry. Several are printed in B. & H., pp. 304-9, | and one in H..C.R. IV., p. 12. | between 1225 and 1612. A 345 goal in a different way was the most material issue of the contest with Bishop Coldwell, and although hardly any pause is to be. noted between this and the next controversy, the difference in their procedure is quite distinct. Partly for this reason, and still more because the next contest ended in the emancipation of the city, the account of it must be relegated to a separate chapter. V.—THE FINAL EMANCIPATION OF THE CITY. (A) The Granting of the New Charter. The early years of the 17th century saw the victory of the Community in its long struggle to free itself from the control of the Bishop. During the 16th century the circumstances in which the two parties had fought had been very different from those of earlier years. The Bishops had found it more and more difficult to maintain the effective control that they had originally exercised, and could with much less confidence appeal to the central govern- ment for support. The Community had secured for itself much influence and assistance from those in power, yet had gained only a modified success when it attacked the Bishop directly by process of law. This last controversy is distinguished from those of earlier cen- turies not only by its different result but also (as has been already suggested) by a change in the attitude of the combatants. Bishop Cotton was not of a fighting temper, as his somewhat plaintive letters to the Community haveshown.! That he was not tenacious of the rights of his see is shown by his completion of the alienation of the Manor of Sherborne from it, thus yielding to the Queen’s desire to dispose of that valuable possession, which his predecesors had only granted ona lease.2 The Community also was less aggressive and tried to bargain with the Bishop for the effective government of the city, while leaving to him intact all such rights and privileges as were not actually offensive or inconvenient to itself. Favourable opportunities for the procuring of a new charter were "See above (Section IV., F.), and references there given. ? B& EH, p. 304. 346 Lhe Lelations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury offered by the frequent visits of James I. to Salisbury, and of these occasions the Community promptly took advantage. Several entries in the Ledger for 16031 bear witness to the preparations for the — first visit. The most important of these was the preparation of a petition to be presented to the King on his arrival in October ; the draft appears in the Ledger under the date of September 16th.? Like other earlier petitions it appealed for formal incorporation but not for the reasons previously given; stress was laid in this and many following appeals upon the decay of the city through the influx of strangers and the insufficient regulation of the various trades, and ib was desired: “That the Cittie may be made a Countye and soe incorporated with the trades therein for the prevencion of the decaye thereof.” The other main reason given was the ineffective- ness of the divided government: “ Lastly, many offenders escape, by reason the power of reformacion resteth more in others than in the mayor and his brethren.” As regards the Bishop’s rights, the petition suggested that the King should compensate him for his interest in the city and then lease it himself to the citizens for an equivalent sum, thus making the city directly dependent upon himself, but possessed of the same liberties as it had hitherto en- joyed under the Bishop. Finally the petition asserted that the Community had also petitioned the Bishop and his Steward, the Karl of Pembroke, and had found them “inclynable to do us any good,” The matter was taken into favourable consideration by the King, aud on November 12th Cecil wrote to acquaint the Bishop with this and to request him either to send reasons against it or to signify his consent.”? Meanwhile, elaborate negotiations were conducted within the city itself between the Community and the Bishop, since the Attorney-General, to whom the petition had been referred, had said that all depended upon the consent of the Bishop and his officers: “the question beinge onlie for convenience, for without question it may be don in lawe.”* On May 7th, 1604,° 1 Ledger-C.,-fols. 173—5. H.M.C.R., 1V., p. 234. 2 Ledger C., fol. 174b. H.M.C.R., IV. p. 234. 3 M.C1S, Box 4, Nov 7. 4 M.C.S., Box 4, Bundle 58. > Ledger C., fol. 176 b. between 1225 and 1612. BAY, a deputation was sent to compound with the Bishop for his amercements, but there is no record of its result. On Jan. 20th, 1606 Giles Tooker was instructed, as: “the said Lo. Buyshop is well inclined thereto,” to draw up the proposed formula of incorporation and present it to the Bishop; deputations were appointed to prosecute the matter in London and also to confer with the Dean and Chapter and obtain their consent. Sums of money were lent by the members of the Community for the expense of these proceedings. At this stage difficulties seem to have arisen. On March 13th, 1607,7 it is recorded that the draft articles of incorporation were “rejected and dislyked” by the Dean and Chapter, and thereupon the assembly agreed to “ procure by counsell at the lawe a draught.” Probably the elaborate statement of objections by Bishop, Dean, and Chapter, which is preserved among the Corporation muniments, belongs to this time.* It refers specifically to the exchange pro- posed in the petition of 1603, and declares that it would be prejudicial to the Church and therefore a breach of the King’s Coronation oath as well as of the oaths taken by the Bishop, the Dean, the Chapter, and the Mayor respectively. Lastly, it enu- merates the various unsuccessful attempts to obtain freedom made by the Community in the past. The citizens, however, were not discouraged, and returned to the attack in the early part of 1609. By that time they had apparently procured the new draft made by legal experts, for they sent to the King another petition for incorporation with an ap- pended list of the precise liberties which they desired. From the copy among the Corporation muniments* this appears to have been considered at Whitehall on April 20th, 1609, and to have been passed on to the Attorney-General with instructions to “drawe ) Ledger C., fols. 190-1. H.I.C.R., IV., p. 234, gives part of this entry, but with wrong paging. 2 Ibid, fol. 198a. The date given by H.JZ.C.R. IV., p. 235, is wrong. ° M.C.S., Box 4, Bundle 58. Undated—annotated in the margin ina _ contrary sense—probably a copy made for the convenience of the Community. *M.C.8., Box 4, No. 10. Copy of the petition with a note as above to the Attorney-General. 348 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury a book conteyninge his Mat*® graunte and charter or confirmacion of charter with addition of theis liberties desired.” In this petition the same reasons of poverty aud the influx of outsiders are given, and also the plea of defects in the existing incorporation and of the uncertainty of its precise name. The special liberties desired would have given the citizens complete control of trade within the city and effective government by a Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and other officers, with power to make ordinances; of these officers the Mayor, Recorder, and five Aldermen were to be Justices of the Peace, with a Bailiff and a gaol of their own, distinct from those of the Bishop. The lands and liberties formerly enjoyed by the Community were to be confirmed, and it was to be allowed to acquire more lands in mortmain up to the annual value of £50. Finally there was “a proviso to be-conteynied in this newe chartere that nothing therein graunted shall extende to prejudice the rights and liberties of the Bishop of Sarum or his successors.” The suit for this charter must have been carried on in London ‘without reference to the Bishop, for he complained on June 30th | that he was not allowed to see “the drawen booke,” and urged that | the King should “make a stay of signing there said bill untill his | mat* coming to Salisburie, which as I heare wilbe aboute the . beginninge of August next.”' A letter in this same sense was addressed to the Earl of Salisbury by the Bishop, Dean, and Chapter, on July 12th, 16092 Meanwhile the citizens were husbanding their resources, probably because of this delay ; loans | were taken and deputations appointed as usual, but the numbers of the latter were reduced, and on Sept. 22nd, 1609, it was arranged | that only two members at a time should go up to assist Tooker, i and “onelye one man to be allowed to attend them all.”? ‘The matter appears to have been referred to the Lord Chancellor, Lord Ellesmere, as a collection of notes made for him dealing with the |~ saine points as the above petition is extant.* According to a letter | 1 Y.C.8., Box 4, No. 9. The superscription of the letter is gone, and no | ~ name is mentioned ; the letter addresses “the Earl,” probably Robert Cecil, | by this date Earl of Salisbury. | * Domestic State Papers, James I., 1603—10. No. 27. 3 Ledger C., fol. 208 a. 4 M.CS., Box 4, No. 22% between 1225 and 1612. 349 from the Community early in 1611,! thanking him for his inter- vention, he had written to the Bishop and induced hin to confer with the Community? so as to eliminate points of agreement and arrive at the main points on which there was still dispute. Two elaborate statements, each dated 1610 and representing the opposed points of view, are among the Corporation Muniments, and probably summarise the results of this conference. That of the Community? carefully enumerated the Bishop’s various territorial, financial, and judicial privileges, and stated that it had no desire to meddle with them. Its own demands were reduced to four principal heads, as follows :— “1. To be incorporated by charter. “2. To make laws and orders for the good ordering of that incorporacion. “3. To exclude fforeyners. “4, To have a standing Commission of the peace as other Citties have.” That of the Bishop* objected to some of the details under these four headings as an impeachment of his privileges, but could not say much in this strain since the citizens had so carefully refrained from attacking them. The main argument put forward on his side was that the four demands were unnecessary, since they were already effectively secured through the Bishop. But it is evident that he feared the complete success of the Community’s appeal and foresaw the worst: “Alsoe noe Cathedralle Churche and Close hath ever ben subject to the townes government, and to be soe heare where the Church made the Cittie were very harde.” The same objections were put forward in a letter from Cotton, dated Jan. 18th, 1611,° and addressed apparently —_—_—.. 1 M.C.S., Box 4, No. 36. Dated Feb. 3rd,1610, z.e.,1611 by modern dating. “The Bishop’s letter of Jan. 18th, 1611, says this also. A copy dated Jan. 22nd is in U.C.S., Box 4, No. 29. Hatcher’s|date, Jan. 28th, is wrongly transcribed from the Bishop’s copy in the bundle at the Diocesan Registry. pee 5. & H7., p. 317. 3 W.C.8., Box 4, No. 20. 4 M.C.S., Box 4, No. 21, ° M.C.S., Box 4. No. 29. There is another elaborate statement on similar 350 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury to the Lord Chancellor, since it refers to his recommendation of a conference. Meanwhile the Community was growing anxious over the many delays, and on May 28th, 1910, it endeavoured to expedite matters by a letter to the Earl of Salisbury From this it appears that the method of Quo Warranto had been suggested for dealing with the chief points, that the Bishop’s counsel were unwilling to adopt this plan, and therefore that the method of agreement was still the most hopeful. In November the Lord Chancellor wrote to the Bishop urging him to consider some way of ending the matter ;? probably the letter referred to above was sent in answer to this. From one or two undated documents in the Municipal and Episcopal muniments,? the Community seems to have suggested that the Bishop’s many delays were designed to exhaust its re- | sources, since there was no real objection to be brought against its | requests. The Lord Chancellor, having considered the matter with the | statements of both parties, thought “that poynt of power to make | justices of peace in that corporacion to be the most considerable ” ¢ of the four points at issue. With this statement of opinion he referred: | the matter to the consideration of Sir Henry Hobart, the Attorney- General, and Sir James Ley, Attorney of the Court of Wards, on Feb. 10th, 1611. Apparently the former had already heard the case in its earlier stages, and on receiving their summons Cotton wrote to the Lord Chancellor to deprecate further hearing.? He also wrote to the two attorneys explaining that he had begged the Lord Chancellor: “that you may be spared.”® Both letters are dated April 4th, 1611. There is no record extant of the hearing thus arranged, and from a petition which the citizens drew up to present to the King’ on his third visit to Salisbury in the summer 1 Domestic State Papers, Vol. 54, No..79. 2 17 C |S. Box 4, Nor 11. 3 M.C.S., Nos. 18 and 33. Also bundle mentioned above. 4-M.C:S., Box 4, No. 13: > Ibid, not numbered. ® Ibid, No. 39. | 7M.C.8., Box 4, No. 23. Undated, but describes the progress of the | matter up to this point. 4 EE between 1225 and 1612. 301 of 1611, it appears that the Bishop’s objections to the re-hearing of the case had been effective. Butin October, 1611, the parties were summoned before the Council by the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Lord Chancellor, the Lord Treasurer, and the Lord Privy Seal. On Nov. 8th the case was referred again by these lords to Hobart and Ley, assisted by Sir Francis Bacon, then Solicitor General, that they might put an end to the matter. A final list of ob- jections by the Bishop? shows that he had given up hope of delaying any longer the grant of a charter such as the Community desired, and in the last resort he contented himself with urging that when the new charter was drafted for the Community a separate charter should be given to himself, which should exclude the new municipal authority from any control over the Close, and leave to the Bishop, Dean, and Chapter at least the right to govern themselves. This was accordingly done, and the two new charters were drafted early in 1612 in accordance with this division of power. The analysis of them which follows will show that the government of the City, once mainly in the hands of the Bishop’s officials, and so long coveted by the Community, had finally been divided between them ; in this division of power by far the largest portion fell to the Municipality, and only the Liberty of the Close remained to the Bishop as a remnant of his former power. The careful maintenance of the outward forms of the Bishop’s rule did not really obscure the fact that the final victory went to the rebellious citizens. (B) The Government under the new Charter. It remains to describe the nature of the settlement which followed the final victory of the citizens. The new charter, dated March 2nd, 1612, follows closely on the lines indicated by the previous peti- tions. Itis said to have been granted in response to the requests of the citizens and of Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, who had been one of their chief counsellors and supporters throughout the recent aaNet Fe * Ibid, No.38. Undated, but the appeal for a separate charter is conclusive. The charter, beautifully illuminated, is framed among the muniments of the Corporation. It is printed in fullin B. & H., pp. 773—783. Mom XXXIX.—NO. CXXV. Dae N 352 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury negotiations, The main points of importance in it are those dealing with the city’s incorporation and property, its constitution and government, its judicial administration, and its power to regulate trade. When these have been dealt with the nature of the relation © between the new Corporation and the Bishop will be apparent. 1. Incorporation. The City was declared formally incorporate, so that any ambiguity as to the precise name and nature of the body which owned corporate property (henceforth, the Mayor and Corporation of the City of New Sarum) might be avoided. Its existing possessions were confirmed to it and it was given leave to add to these by the purchase of property worth £50 per annum. 2. Government. The governing body of the City was to consist of a Mayor annually elected, a Recorder, twenty-four Aldermen, and forty-eight Assistants holding office for life; vacancies among the Aldermen were to be filled by co-option from among the Assistants, and vacancies in the Jatter body by co-option from among the free citizens. The officials subordinate to the governing body and ap- pointed and displaced by them were to consist of two Chamberlains, four Chief Constables,thirteen petty Constables, and three Serjeants- at-Mace. The names of all those who were to be the first members of the new governing body or holders of office under it were specifiedin | the charter, and vacancies were to be filled up as they should occur. The Mayor and Corporation thus constituted were to have the sole | power of making free citizens in future and so of controlling the | number of those eligible for membership of the governing body. The swearing-in of the Mayor, formerly a fruitful cause of strife, |” was very exactly prescribed in the charter. His election was to | take place on the Wednesday after S. Martin’s Day (Nov. 11th), | f between 8 and 11 ain., and he was to be sworn in on the same | day between 2 and 4 p.m. before the Bishop, if he should happen re to be present at that time, or by the Dean and Chapter ina vacancy | of the see. Should these dignitaries not be in the city at the time | _ specified, the oath was to be taken before the last Mayor, the | ~ Recorder, and four or more Aldermen. No doubt the last method suggested became the usual one in practice, but the oath quoted | at length in the charter was such that no Mayor was likely in | between 1225 and 1612. 353 future to object to taking it, even in the presence of the Bishop. It was as follows :—" “You shall as farre furthe as you cann or mai, keepe and governe the Kinge’s people of this Cittie to live in peace from all manner of Ryott, Conventicles and insurrections against the King’s Peace. “Also you shall at all times for the ease and welfare of this Cittie in keeping of the Peace be readie. “ Alsoe you shall in all that you mai, see that the Cittie bee victualled plenteouslie; alsoe that the assize of bread, ale and wyne, fish, flesh, cole and candell, and other victual, be observed and kept in as much as in you heth, and as the lawe requireth, truly.’ “Also that you do your trewe parte that the sellers of corrupt victuall, regrators, forestallers, and misdoers againste the common proffit and worshipp of this Cittie be arrested and openlie punished after their deserving lawfullye. “Also that the Rentes and Goodes of the commonalty of this Cittie be expended and kept to the worship of the cittie duelie. “Also that the taxes, collections, or tallages, the which byn hereafter to be levied, that they be not levied but as the law will and equally. “Also that all the ministers and officers which be accomptable before you and your brethren of your common goods, that they be called to give a lawful account, at such time as they byn required duelie, “Also that in all other matters of substaunce touching the Cittie, you shall take the advice of your brethren, and conclude not but by their consent. “ Also you shall not at any time during your mayoraltie of this Cittie, knowing the liberties of the Lord Bishopp of Sarum, willingly or directly do, or cause to be done, anything prejudicial or hurtfull to the Lord Bishopp’s lawfull rights, liberties or privileges in the ‘This is practically, except for differences of spelling, the same as the second version in Ledger C., which was probably copied in after this time; see above. Dy AN 354 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury same Cittie heretofore lawfully graunted by the Kinges Ma" that now is or anie of his progenitors. “ All theis points that I have rehearsed and all other thing that — belong to our Office, you shall well and truly observe and keepe. Soe help you God.” This version of the oath is very much like that claimed by the Community in Coldwell’s time except for the final clause relating to the Bishop’s Liberty. Thus the long controversy over the oath had at last ended in victory for the Community. The swearing-in of other officials was less important and less controversial, and was to be done before the Mayor and Corporation. Refusal to serve in any office was to be punishable by a fine. 3, Justice. In this matter the emancipation of the City from the control of the Bishop was most important and effective. The Bishop’s Courts and Franchises were to remain as before and the profits arising from fines and amercements were carefully secured to him. But the City was to have its own Commission of the | Peace, which would necessarily diminish the amount of business to — come before the Bishop’s Courts. The Mayor, Recorder, and ten Aldermen! chosen by the Corporation were to be regularly in the Commission of the Peace and were no longer to depend for this upon the nomination and recommendation of the Bishop. The Bench thus constituted was to have full power of issuing warrants, committing to prison, and hearing and determining causes, though they were still to use the gaol belonging to the Bishop; all pleas were to be heard within the city, and none of its citizens were to be cited outside. The Corporation was to elect the Bishop’s Bailiff |~ as Bailiff also of the City, but he was to take an oath before it for this as a separate office and to be removable by it for neglect or misbehaviour; the Corporation was also to elect the Clerk of the Peace. The Close and those resident within it were exempted from the | control of the City authorities ; this was secured also by the detailed i}, arrangements for safeguarding the Bishop’s jurisdiction made by | the charter granted to him at the same time.? All his courts were | 1 Only five had been asked for ; see above. * B. & H., pp. 784—6 give text of charter. between 1225 and 1612. 359 left intact and a separate Commission of the Peace constituted for the Close; thus the form of his ancient jurisdiction and his claim to its profits remained, though in practice both were much reduced in extent and value. | 4. The Regulation of Trade. The Corporation was to have full power to frame bye-laws and ordinances for the government of the City and the regulation of trade within it. This had been re- peatedly desired in recent petitions with a view to limiting the influx of strangers and Bishop Cotton’s ordinances of 1603,! drawn up for this purpose, seem to have been ineffective. The Corpo- ration’s exclusive power to make free citizens, already noted, pro- vided one valuable means of control, and the detailed regulation of the various trades was one of the first tasks undertaken by the new Corporation.” Thus the City was at last freed from the control of the Bishop in every respect, except for the payment of his quitrents and amercements, now much depreciated in value. It formed a distinct Corporation by itself, separate from that formed by the Bishop, OE AE Dean, and Chapter. The beginning of a new period is carefully marked in the Ledger.* A blank unnumbered folio is left between folios 217 and 218 and a new heading written for the first meeting of the new Corporation on March 13th. From this time onward the meetings are carefully headed “Commune Consilium,”’ instead of the former ‘‘ Convocatio.” A good summary of the new state of things is given in Bishop Seth Ward’s Liber Notitie* which describes the situation as it was in the time of his Episcopate (1667—1689). He enumerates the various Courts held by the Bishop, for instance, the half-yearly Court Leet: “to which every Inhabitant within the City ought to come andappeare . . . . . But very many of those things 1 See above, Section IV., F., and references there given. > Orders and Constitutions for various Companies still exist among the Muniments, mostly belonging to 1612-13; see list in H.0/.C.2., IV., p. 191. 3 See Ledger C., fols. 217—218. * Original in Diocesan Registry, pp. 58—61. An exact copy is in the Cathedral Library ; the corresponding passage there is on pp. 185—189. 356 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury which are inquirable and punishable at this Leete, are likewise, by vertue of the City’s Charter so too, by the Mayor and Justices of Peace there, at their Quarter Sessions. He mentions also the Court Baron “to be held (if occasion be) every fortnight within and for the City,” and the Court of Pleas where “all the pro- ceedings are at Common Law.” He notes the Bishop’s ownership of the Gaol, which is also used by the Citizens. ; Finally, he states clearly the distinction between the two Cor- porations existing in the City: “The Close of Sarum is a Corpora- tion consisting of the Bishop, Recorder, and Justices, which are the Canons resident there and hold sessions of the Peace for the Liberty of the Close in the said Guildhall of the City or in the Close pro beneplacito Hpiscopt . . . The Mayor and Cominalty of the Citty of New Sarum are a distinct Corporation of the said City, and have a Recorder and Councell house for themselves, where they keepe Sessions for the said Citty and try all Criminall Faets under Treason < . *, By which it may be? rationales conjectured, That the Citty was formerly the Bishop’s, but in processe of tyme, or through the indulgence of the Bishops, or neglect of their Officers, the Citizens have gained upon the Bishop antient rights, and procured Charters of confirming and inlarging their pretended priviledges and do now hold and enjoy them dejure.” - VI.—SuUMMARY AND CONCLUSION. In the brief account of the City of Salisbury just concluded ouly one thread has been followed through the tangled skein of its history, but that thread is the clue to the development of the city during its most important and interesting period. As an example of a municipal constitution in England the city is not remarkable; it was founded comparatively late, when already cities and boroughs were fairly common and models from which conditions of tenure and grants of liberties might be copied were by no means rare. Thus from the first the grant of burgage tenure and of liberties of trade and jurisdiction follow the normal pattern, this city being but one among many which were fashioned after the model of Winchester. between 1225 and 1612. 357 It is as an example of the relations existing between an ecclesiastical lord and a city developing on his land that Salisbury is most worthy of study. From a legal point of view it offers an interesting example of a manorial court which added municipal and mercantile jurisdictions to its original activities as court baron and leet. Such an extension of powers was not, however, peculiar to the court of an ecclesiastical lord; it would necessarily occur wherever the lord of an extensive immunity found or created a flourishing borough upon his own demesne. Secular lords in such a case were themselves faced with many difficulties and vicissitudes and so were usually ready to simplify the relations between them- selves and their citizens by the sale of privileges or by the com- mutation of services and dues for a fee farm rent. The history of. Salisbury is a good instance of the reluctance of ecclesiastical lords to make such arrangements, and the detailed study of it suggests an explanation of the apparently conflicting generalisations often put forward, that ecclesiastical lords were the best of landlords and yet that they were the best-hated in Hngland. Undoubtedly the Bishops of Salisbury were good landlords, as far as the im- provement of their property and the welfare of their tenants were concerned, Much of the early development of the city was due to them ; its careful laying out, still evident in the regular arrangement of the streets in the old part of the city, was due to the founder's charter; its advantageous situation, in the midst of the downs with their flocks of sheep, by the side of the river, which facilitated the fulling and dyeing of wool, was improved enormously by Bishop Bingham’s bridge, which brought the city in touch with the main roads and their streams of traffic. The charters of liberties and the continual addition of new markets and fairs which the Bishops procured were also advantageous to the City, and were more cheaply secured by their influence than by the heavy sums which the | citizens would otherwise have had to pay for such privileges. Again, the Bishops do not seem to have taken excessive toll of the wealth which the citizens gained from these opportunities. The outbreak of the Tallage controversy itself shows that no such | demand was made by any Bishop during the first eighty years of 308 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury the City’s existence, in spite of the specific grant of the right to do so in the original charter. Even when the right to take tallage had been vindicated by the trial of 1305, it does not seem to have — been frequently exercised; at any rate, among the various complaints aud grievances put forward by the citizens from time to time, excessive or unfair taxation by the Bishops does not once occur. ~ Yet, in spite of this good husbandry on the part of the Bishops, the chief feature of the City’s history for more than three hundred years was this perpetually recurring conflict, evidence in itself of some fundamental flaw in the relationship between the citizens _and their lord. No sooner was the constitution of the City agreed on in the Composition of 1306 than attempts to change or evade its terms began, The disputes occasionally turned on some question of property but more usually arose over the matter of government and jurisdiction and sometimes over the less tangible subject of dignity. 3 The nature of the two conflicting parties seems to be the clue to this. On the one side was an ecclesiastical corporation, well fortified with charters and legal evidences in support of its claim aud never weakening or decaying as was usually the case with the family of a secular lord within comparatively few generations. Individual bishops might be peaceful or even weak, but the rights of the Church were perpetual aud sacred and uno less effective for an interregnum when again a strong bishop was on the episcopal throne, On the other side was also a corporation, younger in its years of prescription, lower in social status than its adversary, destitute of legal warrant for its existence apart from its subjection, secular in its nature and origin, and therefore without the awe- inspiring majesty with which the Church could surround itself ‘In addition to the numerous examples already given, one may be noted from a document in the bundle at the Diocesan Registry, probably belonging to Coldwell’s time: ‘Also, it hath ben reported, by Mr. Hooper, that thoffice of the Mayor thear is no more but to sett the price upon a penyworthe | of eggs and a bushell of coales, which words wer spoken to Mr. Mayor |~ himself, in the heringe of the Lorde Bishop. All which things doe bringe | thoffice of the maioraltie into suche basenesse of estimacion emongst the | comon sorte of the people theare that not onelie all is owte of good order, | but therby makith them voide of feare of the Maior and thauthoritie he | bearith.” between 1225 and 1612. 399 Nevertheless, it also had a continuous history of growth and de- velopment in wealth and strength, whereas the Church was at the zenith of its power and influence when the controversy began. Successive generations of citizens therefore fought ever more and more tenaciously to secure freedom and self-government for them- selves, while successive Bishops seemed unable to realise that this development was taking place, and that desire to secure inde- pendence is the natural and inevitable result of the attainment of maturity, as real and marked in the development of a community as in the life of a normal individual, This fragment of local history often appears to be quite remote from the wider stream of national development but cannot be detached from it, It is typical of many similar episodes in English municipal history, and thus of one important aspect of the develop- ment of local self-government, Its own progress wasalso materially affected by incidents in the national history itself, particularly by the vicissitudes of the Wars of the Roses and by the change in the national attitude to the Church which produced the crisis of the Reformation, Inthe 14th and 15th centuries all the legal evidence, all the support of the government, had been on the Bishop’s side, though there is a marked difference in tone between the two main. controversies of these centuries respectively; the continual reference in the former to Holy Church as the person really attacked by the rebellious citizens is lacking in the latter, when the question had frankly become one of lordship. When the 16th century was reached, the method and results of the conflicts between Bishop and citizens were strikingly different ; “everyone now,” as Shaxton said,! “oppresses the clergy,” and the citizens took care to stimulate the royal jealousy of ecclesiastical influence wherever possible. Divine right and its corollary of reverent and dutiful obedience had become attached to the civil rather than to the ecclesiastical government and the municipal authorities in Salisbury were quick to feel the change and to utilise it for their own ends, professing to be moved in their struggle by zeal for the King’s “imperial ” power. ear Olpeliewrart Qlosin NOs 1114. 360 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury The doctrinal aspect of the Reformation is also reflected in this struggle, though to a less degree than the political. In Shaxton’s time the Community was distinctly Catholic, and its opposition to the Bishop was heightened by his reforming tendencies ; it profited therefore by the King’s re-actionary policy, whieh led to the promulgation of the Six Articles and thus brought about Shaxton’s fall. By Queen Elizabeth’s reign the point of view taken by the Community was much more advanced, and Coldwell complained that “the Mayor and citizens, during their connection with the said Bishop brought his name in great obloquy and slander, in all parts of the realm, saying that he seeketh to tyrannise over them by his popish charters.” ! The main issue was, however, political rather than doctrinal, — and was so treated. Unfortunately, the precise method by which the citizens increased their controlling power in the City is not clear, but that they had more evidence to produce by the end of. the 16th century than they had in the 15th is plain from the attitude of the central government towards them. In Beauchamp’s time they had nothing to put forward strong enough to over-ride the Bishop’s charters and his well-attested tradition; but in Cold- well’s time the evidence on both sides must have been fairly even, since the judges to whom it was submitted were very much puzzled and eventually induced to draft an oath decidedly in the citizen’s favour, It must, therefore, be conjectured that the Community had gradually established a claim to much of the power that it desired by the actual exercise of it. Bishop Seth Ward’s later summary? seems a fairly true account in brief of the process throngh which the development had gone. Nevertheless, the fact that the success of the citizens was finally gained by carefully asserting their intention to leave the Bishop's | liberties intact shows how strong was his legal position, and how | tenacious were the royal courts of preserving rights once granted in due form. What the Charters of 1612 did was to legalise the | existing situation and to recognise as the lawful possession of the 1 Bundle in Diocesan Registry. Printed, B. & 7., p. 303. 2 See above, Section V., B. between 1225 and 1612. 361 Community the powers which it had gradually come to exercise. They cannot have made any substantial change in the Bishop's position; that had already been effected by the events of the 16th century, and even James I., that champion of Bishops, could not but recognise the facts. The wisest thing for the Bishop to do was to take the advice offered to his predecessor by a 16th century statement! to “take the profitts and let the Mayor alone with the government,’ and the termination of useless and vexations con- troversy must have been a gain to both sides. By this time the City, as well as the Church, had seen the days of its greatest power; already the free villages of the North and West of England had begun to develop those commercial advantages which were later to make them such formidable rivals to the in- corporated towns and cities of the South and East. The most flourishing period in the history of the City of Salisbury occurred In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, when it ranked among the wealthiest boroughs in the kingdom; by the time of its eman- | cipation from the control of the Bishop its wealth had evidently begun to decline, as the frequent complaints of its decay and poverty show.? Its former greatness has left its memorial in the buildings of | the City. Of these, by far the most famous is the Cathedral, one of the most perfect expressions of the spirit of the medieval Church at its best; but the public spirit and civic pride of the merchants who contended with the Church for the government of the City also expressed itself in stoue in the chantry built by William Swayne and the stately banqueting chamber which formed | part of the mansion of John Hall. 1 See above, Section IV., E. *See above, and note the reference to the decline of the subsidies in Cotton’s letter of Jan. 18th, 1511 (AZ.C.S., Box 4, No. 129); he says that no citizen was then rated above £12, whereas at the beginning of Queen Elizabeth’s reign some had paid as much as £100. cf. Cunningham— Growth of English Industry and Commerce, vol. i., p. 507. } | | | | | i | | | 362 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury BIBLIOGRAPHY. I.— MANUSCRIPT SOURCES. British Musewm. Harleian MSS. Lansdowne MSS. Public Record Office. Assize Rolls. Charter Rolls. Confirmation Rolls. Patent Rolls, Memoranda Rolls of the King’s Remembrancer, a » » x Lord Treasurer’s Remembrancer, Salisbury Diocesan Registry, The Muniments of the Bishop of Salisbury are fully de- scribed by Mr, R. L. Poole on pp. 1—12 of the Leport of the Historical MSS. Commission, Vol. IV., 1907. The following books and manuscripts have been used | and referred to in this thesis :— | The Liber Niger of Bishop Beauchamp. The Leber Notitie of Bishop Seth Ward, The Registers of Bishops Wyville and Jewel. A bundle of documents mentioned on p. 12 of the feport above. This bundle merits further description as it has been | extensively used in Sections IV. (F) and V. (A). It | contains a number of documents, most of which refer | to the disputes between the Bishop and Community | at the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th | century, with one or two ofa later date. (In ZUCR, | IV., p. 12, they are described as early 16th conte | The following are of most importance :— | (A) A parchment book containing a copy of 14th century | Lae LO documents relating to Salisbury similar to that in- \t cluded in the Tropenell Cartulary and printed by l Mr. Davies. (See Introduction to 7.C.) | between 1225 and 1612. 363 (B) A paper booklet, apparently a brief to be used by counsel on Cotton’s behalf, with ample references to the Bishop’s charters. (C) A collection of papers pinned together and apparently destined for the same purpose.. One or two of them, however, appear from internal evidence to relate to Coldwell’s time. (D) Some loose documents, of which the petition of the “Middle Estate” to Bishop Henry Cotton is the most important. Salisbury Municipal Offices. The Muniments of the Corporation of Salisbury are de- scribed in pp. 191—254 of the sane Report, Vol. IV., 1907, but the account there given only describes a portion of the records that are now available. Many other documents have since been discovered at or re- stored to the Municipal Offices, and a Catalogue is now being prepared by Alderman C. Haskins, Chairman of the Committee entrusted with the care of the Muni- ments. The following books and documents have been used and referred to :— . Ledgers of the Corporation—A, B, and C. Minutes of the Court Baron of the Bishop of Sarum. Box 3. Chamberlain’s Accounts. Box 4. Documents relating to Coldwell’s and Cot- ton’s controversies with the City, A number of loose documents in the drawers. 6. Framed originals of the Composition of 1306 and the Charter of 1612. Of these, the Box of Documents relating to Coldwell and Cotton needs description, as it contains most of the evidence relating to these episodes and has been largely used in Sections IV. (F) and V. (A) ; it is not mentioned at all in the Report of the Historical MSS. Commission. Coe Nes 364 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury It contains a miscellaneous collection of documents, numbered for purposes of reference to the MS. Catalogue begun by the late Curator, Mr. T. H. Baker. Unfortunately the grouping and arrange- ment of the documents and the order in which they are numbered provides little clue to their subject matter; the numbers generally indicate single docu- ments, but are occasionally affixed to bundles containing several papers. Thus, No. 2isa bundle enclosed within a parchment roll relating to the events of 1537 ; within this are several papers belonging to the time of Bishop Coldwell and two rough copies belonging to the time of | Bishop Cotton. Better copies of the two last-named are — found in No. 58, which consists of four documents, the remaining two being of the time of Bishop Coldwell. The single documents numbered 4 to 42 are tied to- gether and docketted: “ Documents relating to Bishop ——_— Cotton’s controversy ”; this, again, is misleading, for the bundle does not contain all those which belong to Cotton’s time. No. 4 clearly belongs to Coldwell’s, and Nos. 19, 19a, and 42 belong to a period later than 1612. There are also a few 16th century documents among — ———_ - = the loose papers in the drawers, but as the cataloguing FI proceeds these are being relegated to the box to which | they belong. . The nature of the materials in this box has been |~ already indicatedinSectionlIV.,F.; few of the documents | appear to be originals, except some of the letters ad- | dressed to the Mayor and Community. Many of them i are copies, presumably made for the convenience of | the Community’s counsel or attorneys, and in some te cases two or three copies of the same document appear. ; Thus, two of those in No, 58 duplicate two of those in (§ No. 2; Nos. 26 and 28 appear to be drafts of the ; . petition of which No, 10 is the original; Nos. 48, 52, | between 1225 and 1612. 365 and 57 are all copies of the breviat so frequently quoted. Most of the other documentsused have been described either in H.M.C_A. IV. or in Mr. Swayne’s Gleanings Jrom the Archives of Salisbury. Under this title 55 articles were published by Mr. Swayne in the Salisbury and Winchester Journal between Nov. 25th, 1882, and May 7th, 1887. They have not been published in book form, but Mr. Swayne’s proofs, pasted into an album of newspaper cuttings, are kept at the Muniment Room, and form a useful guide to the loose documents and rolls in the drawers. Gross mentions this set of articles in his Bibliography of British Municipal History, but only refers to thirty of them. II.—PRINTED SOURCES. _ British Borough Charters, 1042—1216 Ballard, A. ... 1913. | | | Borough Customs—Selden Society Series, Bateson, M. ... 1904—6. | Calendar of Charter Rolls. Oalendar of Patent Rolls. Oartulary of St. Nicholas’ Hospital, Salisbury phe 500 Wordsworth,C. 1902. Charters and Documents Illustrating | Domesday Book. ‘the History of Salisbury (Rolls Jones & Macray 1891. | Gleanings from the Archives of | { | | } Salisbury Swayne, H.J.F. 1882—5. | Letters and Papers of the Reagn of Henry VIII. us soo Granclnet dl, 54, ISON -S |The Paston Letters a Canbealner, Vo soc® IO: | | | Plavita de Quo Warranto (nscortl Commission) fe! aor er soo - dLtSsILs) | Records of the Parliament holden at Westminster, 1305(Rolls Series) Maitland, F.W. 1893. 366 The Relations of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury Leport of the Historical Manuscripts Commission, Vol. I.. oe ee Oe Ditto | Peis Vol. Vv. ae OOM Rotult Hwndredorwm (Record Com- ) mission ) es abe ee ... 1812—8. Select Cases concerning the Law Mer- chant, 1270—1638 (Selden Soc. . Series) ... = Grossne, soo EUS. Select Pleas un eae and other 7 Seugnonials (Counts: 9) Viole a: | (Selden Society Series) ... | Maitland iii, < £seo: State Papers, Domestic Scries, Reign of James Te, 16051618 ... Green ...( 1857 sam Statutes at Large. Stubbs’ Select Charters, 9th edition... Davis, H. W.C. 1913. The Tropenell Cartulary, Wilts Areh, society | ..- Davies, J. pe. Oe Year Books of Edward i. solten Society Series, Vol. Vol. VL, As ein: ie eo, LPurner, (Gaal ouice IJI.—SEcCONDARY AUTHORITIES. An Essay on the Karly History of the Law Merchant = Mitchell, W. ee 1904. | Bibliography of Brotish Mieicipt | History sas: Gross, C. 1897. Burgage Tenure in Mediceel one Hemmeon, M. de W. 1914.) Dictionary of National Biography. Firma Burgi... Madox, T. . aa Growth of English I isos and oan :| merce, Oth edition . Cunningham, W.... 1910) Handy Book of Rules and Tables Ge , | Verifying Dates 2 Pee Bonded ide ae 1869, | between 1225 and 1612. History of the Boroughs and Munict- {iat HA: pal Corporations of the United and Kingdom. ... Stephens, A. J. History of the Worthies of Donen Nichols’ Edition —_... = etiubler Ae Lancasterand York . ... ... Ramsay, Sir J. Le Soulévement des Travailleurs ? @ Angleterre en 1381 ... Réville, André Old & New Sarum, Vol. VI. in Hoare’s oe R., and fistory of Modern Wiltshire Hatcher, H. Prolusiones Historice. ... on Dive cs i, The Book of Dignities, 3rd edition... Hadyn,J.,continued by Ockerby, H. ... ‘The Domesday Boroughs ... = Ballard, A. The Gild Merchant Be ... Gross, C. The Great Revolt Of SSI a Oman IC. We, The History of le ae 2nd Pollock, Sir F. and | edition | eer: Maitland, F. W. Town Life an the Fifteenth Cee Green, A. S. Wharton's Law Lexicon — Ages, W. H. Wiltshire Archeological and Bove i Mistory Magazine, Wiltshire Notes and Queries. br, XXXIX.—NO. OXXV, 2B | | 367 1835. MSHI 1892. 1898. 1843. 1837. 1894. 1904. 1890. 1906. 1898. 1894, 1911. RES THE SIXTY-THIRD GENERAL MEETING | OF Be : THE WILTSHIRE ARCH ZOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, HELD AT DEVIZES MUSEUM, August 7th, 1916. — The Committee having again decided, as in 1915, that it was impossible during the War to attempt the usual annual meeting and excursions, a general meeting—for business only—was called at the Museum, Devizes, on Monday, August 7th, at 2 o’clock, Only a few members were present, the President, M1. W. Heward Bell, F.S.A., F.G.S., being in the chair. The first business was to receive the report, which was read by the Hon. Secretary and passed. After the election of five new annual members, and the announcement that one annual member proposed to help the | Society’s finances by becoming a life member instead, an example which it is to be wished might be followed by others, the officers — of the Society were re-elected en bloc, with Mr. J. D. Crossfield as an additional local secretary for the Savernake neighbourhood. | The most important business of the meeting was then discussed at | some length. This was a recommendation passed at the last rH committee meeting that the general meeting should be asked to | such ethnological exhibits were of interest for comparison with| L prehistoric implements found in the county, but it was explained| — by the Hon. Secretary that it was not proposed to sell any of the) i stone implements from the South Seas or Australia, as these would| If | some of them be useful as examples of methods of hafting, &c., but| t The Staty-Third General Meeting. 069 that the wooden implements had really no bearing on the ancient implements found in Wiltshire, and that they would be of much more value aniongst a series in some other avowedly ethnological collection. At present they take up a great deal of wall space in the Museum, which might be far more profitably utilised in the better display of Wiltshire specimens. For many years the Society had followed the policy of refusing, as far as possible, any exhibits which were not in some way connected with the county. The President recommended that the committee should be empowered to part with these objects, when a favourable opportunity arose ; the question of space for Wiltshire exhibits had become much more pressing sinceMr. Brookes’ collection and his cases had been acquired by the Museum. ‘here was no opposition to the proposal amongst | the members present, and. the recommendation of the Committee was accordingly passed and leave was given to dispose of the jects of which a list had been read. The Hon. ‘Secretary suggested that a fresh form of invitation to | join the Society should be drawn up and printed, and that this should be widely circulated through the county—perhaps at the | | | | | | end of the War—with the view of substantially increasing the | number of members by bringing home to many who are not them- | selves actively interested in either archeology or natural history, and. who do not care to join in the annual excursions, that the : Society is doing good work in various directions and deserves far | more support from the county at, large than it at present receives. ‘The Hon. Secretary was authorised | to draw up such a torn ou | invitation as seemed to be required. 7 ee { | The following is the text of the annual report read on the 10, ‘Secretary -— _ The Committee beg to present the sixty-third PEE report of ‘the Society for the year 1915-16. Members.—We have again to deplore a considerable diminution jof members during’ the past year. The Society began the year | | 2 Be 2 | | 370 The Sixty-Third General Meeting. with a total of 339, and ends it witha total of oZoeLeo: like and 313 annual members; only 9 new members having been elected to balance 13 resignations and 9 deaths. There is thus a net loss. of 13 members on the year, and it is increasingly difficult to find new members to take their places, The War naturally makes many who might otherwise join the Society unwilling to commit themselves to any fresh subscriptions at present. Finance.—The Society’s accounts as published in the June Magazine, show that on January Ist, 1915, there was a deficit on the General Account of £32 1s.6d. This condition of things made ib necessary to exercise economy in every possible way, and as the most effectual way of doing this it was decided not to issue a December number of the Magazine. This drastic step had the desired effect, and the year 1915 ended with a balance in hand on the General Fund of £56 19s. 9d. The third instalment of £13 2s. towards the repayment of £50 borrowed from the General Fund in 1912 was repaid during the year from the Museum Enlargement Fund, and it is hoped that the final instalment may be repaid this | year. The Museum Maintenance Fund showed a balance on | January Ist, 1915, of £8 19s, 11d, and on December Sista balance of £7 6s. 6d. The total receipts from subscriptions during the year were £32 11s, and £5 4s, 6d. from admission fees and donations | in the box. ‘The chief extra expenses were the payment of £7 4s. ! for the prosecution of the Museum thief, and the repayment of £10 | to the General Fund on account of repairs to the roof of the Museum in the previous year. So far, therefore, as finance is concerned | the Society found itself in a more satisfactory condition at the end | of 1915 than it was at the beginning of that year. A The Musewm and Library.—The year has been marked by the | i acquisition of an addition to the Museum collections, of more im- Hy portance than any single addition since the Stourhead collection i came into the Society’s possession. Mr. J. W. Brooke, of | | Marlborough, who for many years past has had great opportunities fi of collecting antiquities in the Marlborough neighbourhood, made | an offer to the Society of the whole of the Wiltshire objects in his | collection (with the exception of coins), together with two of the ih The Report. 371 table cases containing them, for the sum of £250. The Committee felt it their duty, in spite of the innumerable calls of the War, to issue an appeal for this sum in order to save this valuable collection from being dispersed and lost to the county, with the unexpected result that within a short time £310 was received. This enabled the Society to purchase five additional cases from Mr. Brooke, which, with the collection itself, have now been removed to the Museum. The work of setting up these cases, which required some alteration to fit them for their new positions, 1s now com- pleted, and it is probable that there will be a balance in hand after all the expenses of removal and re-erection have been net. The collection itself comprises a large series of fine Neolithic flint implements, which will fill a gap where the Museum was previously | weak ; another series of Paleoliths from Knowle; a number of fine : bronze implements, including the founder’s hoard from Manton, | and the unique looped and socketed sickle from Winterbourne Monkton, and a great number of exceedingly interesting late Celtic cand Roman brooches and other small bronzes from the site of Cunetio, Aldbourne, and other localities in the Marlborough neigh- | -bourhood, as well as objects of various kinds of medieval or later dite The smaller Roman objects are mostly already on view, thanks to the labours of Mrs. Cunnington during a short visit ‘recently to Devizes; but the remainder of the collection will have to wait a future opportunity for arrangement, as both the Hon. | Vrator and Mrs. Cunnington have been for the past year, and are ‘still, absent from Devizes on war service. In this connection the ‘Society has to thank the Rev. H. G. O. Kendall for much help in ‘the packing and removal of the collection. In addition to the Brooke collection the Museum has been enriched by the gift of a {large sculptured stone head, supposed to be Roman, from Marl- borough, together with an appropriate pedestal from Mr. Shackle, and a small collection. of interesting flint celts, together with many Roman coins, and two brooches, chiefly found at North Farm, Aldbourne, by the late Mr. W. Chandler, by whose widow they were presented to the Society. The accession of these considerable Additions to the Museum collections has made the question of the | 372 The Sixty-Third General Meeting. provision of further space an urgent one, and the Committee, after careful consideration, have decided to ask the general meeting to empower them to sell the series of ethnological specimens, South Sea weapons, paddles, etc., as well as some other foreign objects, in order to make room for the purely Wiltshire collections, to which for many years past it has been the policy of the Society to limit the Museum. Many of these objects are valuable in them- selves, and may well find a home in other Museums, but they are, the Committee feel, increasingly out of place in what should be a purely local Museum. To the Library there have been, as usual, a considerable number of additions during the year, the most im- portant perhaps being a series of nine note books in which the late Mr. F. A. Carrington, Q.C., of Ogbourne St. George, a frequent writer in the earlier volumes of the Magazine, had entered a great quantity of notes and transcriptions bearing on the history of Ogbourne St. George, Marlborough, and other places in that part of the county. We are indebted for these to Lieut.-Colonel Banning. A scrap book containing autograph letters from some 300 prominent Wiltshiremen of the 19th and 20th cenuries has been mounted and indexed by the Librarian, who would be glad to receive aoe letters to add to the collection. The Bradford Barn.—Since the last report this building has been formally conveyed to the Society and a large amount of the necessary repair work has been completed under the careful supervision of Mr. H. Brakspear, F.S.A., who is most generously giving his professional services without payment. Mr. A. W. N. Burder, F.S.A., who has worked indefatigably in the matter, has succeeded, largely by personal appeals, in collecting up to date £396, of which £256 has been already spent, almost entirely on the roof, which has now been stripped and re-tiled throughout, the stone tiles being retained on both sides. It is estimated that im addition to the balance in hand some £40 is wanted at once for the remaining absolutely necessary work ; including repairs to the timbering of the roof, the porch and gable, the erection of a wall and fence, and legal expenses. ‘This does not include the renewal of two of the main timbers of the roof, which are now propped up The Report. 373 (they are beyond repair) and must remain so. It is estimated that £200 would be required to renew them, and it is very desirable that this sum should be raised as soon as possible, and the whole building be thus placed in thorough structural repair for many years to come. The Committee desire to express the thanks of the Society to Mr, burder, to whose energetic appeal the suecess of the work so far as it has gone is chiefly due; to Mr. Brakspear, and to many generous donors, including especially Mr. J. Moulton, of the Hall, Bradford-on-Avon. Hxcavations.—The diggings both at Old Sarum and at ee have been suspended during the War, and no other excavations have taken place in the past year. During the erection of buildings at the Flying School, at Upavon, a skeleton accompanied by a drinking cup was discovered, and the attention of the Society having been called to it, the Hon. Secretary visited the spot:and obtained the bones and the fragments of the cup for the Museum. His attention was also called to a skeleton found in trench digging on Liddington Hill, which was dug out, but nothing was found with it. Another skeleton without relics was found at Durrington. Churchyard Inscriptions. The attention of the Society has been drawn by the Diocesan Church Building Society to the practice of laying down tombstones on the ground when work for the im- provement of churchyards is undertaken, whereby the inscriptions inevitably perish in a few years. The Committee are entirely in sympathy with the Church Building Society in their protest against this destruction of monumental inscriptions. Publications. As has been already stated, the conditions of the Society’s finances made it necessary to drop the December number of the Magazine, so that only one number has been issued since the last report. It is hoped that two numbers, as usual, may be _ issued in the current year. The second part of the “ Register of Bishop Simon of Ghent” has been issued to the subscribers. Only 29 copies of this are printed. The President of the Society.—In normal times the Society would have appointed a new President last year, but in the present circumstances the Committee have asked Mr. W. Heward Bell to 374 The Siaty-Third General Meeting. continue to hold that office till the end of the War, and he he kindly consented to do so. Base as Stonehenge.—The sale of Stonehenge is a inatter which cannot be passed over in any review of archeological matters in Wiltshire during the past year. The Society has every confidence that it has passed into good keeping, and that the new owner, Mr. C. H. E. Chubb, of Bemerton Lodge, Salisbury, who was fortunate enough to secure the monument for £6600 at the public sale at Salisbury, will take every care of it, and will after the War be willing to consider, under expert archeological advice, the question of the necessary steps to be taken to secure the safety of the stones which at present are leaning dangerously. He was good enough to express himself in this sense to representatives of the Society whom he very kindly received. Annual Meeting.—It has again appeared to the Committee im- possible to attempt an ordinary meeting and excursions in war time, but the record of the important work done by the Society in several directions during the past year shows that its activities | are by no means in abeyance, and the Committee would once more remind all Wiltshiremen who care for the history or antiquities of - | their county that the most obvious way of furthering the study of 7 the one, and the preservation of the other, is to see that the:mem-— | bership of the Society, which for more than half-a-century has stood for the fur therance of these objects, is he up, and if: posstll increased. ; ee TAS SRS yor a io Cas viliega “4 = ; 3 : y > hy; Hs wih sr. ¢ Rae. ke sinnercr im Cran f iP = J x + bods TE Age gs an 3 D et sOUC 5 COW Zeke OF cy > 227 ee, 7 Fi y Nay st PND (DTG Th lent ‘ * Ft eo ; a = ay a aN \ 1. mmm =e oe py peod Tene Nea Des SDNY De Libra LDA Gaep Rel =) ty Lab heyy Ei Nell ECO? Tf Hey GIAO ES ) o7d THE ORIGINAL BEDEROLL OF THE SALISBURY TAILORS’ GILD. By C. Haskins. The original Bederoll of the Salisbury Tailors’ Gild was included in a collection of ancient MSS,, mostly composed of fourteenth and fifteenth century wills and conveyances, which was presented to the Salisbury Corporation by Mr, E. Targett. It differs considerably from a later roll (1490) which appears in “ Ancient Trade Guilds and Companies of Salisbury.” C. Haskins, 1912. The roll when found consisted of four strips of parchment joined together, and measured 33$1n. x Sdin. The first strip (Membrane 1) is the leading part of the original roll; this is written in a good clear penmanship, black letter, with capitals touched with red colour, and red lines ruled between the writing, The third strip (Membrane 3) is in the same handwriting, though it lacks the red ruling; this formed the first part of a list of benefactors, and is a portion of the original roll, which in the first place was one strip of parchment, and evidently written about the year 1444, when the earliest regulations of the gild were drawn up. In support of this opinion, it will be noticed that the names of Richard, Duke of York, and King Edward IV. are not ineluded among the benefactors that appear on Membrane ITI, but they are given on an additional strip (Membrane 2), which was interposed at a later date. pe | | 7 The gild was indebted to Duke Richard in 1447 for a charter from Henry VI. which gave thei licence to found a chantry in St. Edmund’s Church, and in 1449 for another charter which re- voked the former one and gave them authority to establish their chantry in St. Thomas’ Church. A few months after Edward, the son and heir of Duke Richard, had been proclaimed King as Kdward IV., the gild received another charter, which is dated December, 1461. 376 The Original Bederoll of the Salisbury Tarlors’ Gild. Of those whose names appear on Membrane 3, John Pynnok and William More died in 1420, Stephen Hendy and Robert Bulke were wardens in 1440, and Edward Goodyere was stowael in the same year. | The succeeding names, including that of William Marchi, appear in the books of the Tailors’ Gild from 1440 to 1450. Apparently the lapse of time and the changes in Church and State necessitated alterations in the bederoll, and during the reign of Henry VIIL, when Catherine Parr was queen (1543-47), the original roll was cut and certain parts were done away with, after which the roll was re-formed with two additional strips, one of them (Membrane 2) being placed between the two portions of the original roll that were retained and the other (Membrane 4) was joined on at the end, | The parts overlap where pasted together, and on taking them apart ib was easy to copy the five lines of the original, which had been obliterated (7.¢., the passage marked §—t as here below printed). It will be seen that (Membrane 2) one of the added strips, includes a bidding of prayer for “the Kynge’s moste excellent Maiestye supreme heede immediately under God of the sp'“ualtye and temporalty of the same Chirche and for Quene Katheryne, and our noble prynce Edwarde.” These last wordes (“our noble prynce Edwarde”) were erased, doubtless after the death of K. Henry VIII., when Edward had ceased to be merely “ prynce,”’ so that the form which had served for K. Henry might be for a tyme used for his son. “ Davy lewys henry Colston & John Mountes,” benefactors whose names appear on Membrane 2, were members of the gild in 1538, when the Tailors’ Hall was built. The Sub-Dean, Canon Chr. Wordsworth, has kindly corrected my copy of the roll, and has added the formula for absolution. This is written on the dorse, and had quite escaped my notice. eee pe _ [Membrane 1]. ORSIPFULL masters and brethers and susters, for as moche as hit hathe ben laudabily acustomed of olde and awncheant tyme of oure predecessours be fore us this daye, and all suche daies and. tymes. that we be gadered and assemeled in like maner, and forme, as we be at this tyme to a speciall prayer and recomendacon to Allmyghti God, and to oure Buy Haskins, o.~ | By lady Seint Mary, to Seynt John the baptiste, and to all the holi companye of heuen, mekeli be sechyng yat blessid lorde of his sup*habundant and Infinite m'cy and grace for all the brethers and sisters quyk and ded, and for thé goode dooers and wellwillers off this present fraternite and brethered of Seynt John '[§the baptiste. And in the which praier and reeommendacon we shall mekely beseche and pray ou' blessid lorde ihu to mayntayne and p**forme the faithe and pece of his only spouse 'holi einen? wt all the estates to the same belongyng, that is to sey |{ [Membrane 2.] the baptiste. In the whiche p"yer ye shall praye for the hole cogregacyon of Chrystes Churche and specyally for this Chirche of Englonde wherein firste I comende to your devoute prayours the Kynges moste Excellent Maiestye,? supreme heede immediately vnder God of the sp'“ualtye and temporalty of the same Chirche & for Quene Katheryne [fand our noble prynce Edwarde. ] Secondlye ye shall praye for the clergye, the lordes ei and the comons of this realme besechynge Almyghty God to gyue euerye one of them g™ce to vse them selfe in suche wise as maye be to his contentaton, the Kynge’s honor and the welth of this realme. And in this p*te I comede to your devoute p™yer the worshyple estates Master Davy lewys which gaue to the buyldynge of the taylours hall. V." in money & Master henry Colston which gaue to the buyldynge of the same hall .v." in money. Thirdly ye shall praye for the soules that be departed abydyng the mercy of God, that it maye please hym the rather at the eoteplaton of our prayours to grante them the fruytyon of his presence. And in this parte I do comende to your devoute prayer the soules of all the brethers & systers, bnfactours and welwyllers of this present fraternyte of Saynt John the baptyste & specyally for the soule of the high and myghty Duke Richerde late Duke of York & the right prynce Kyng Edwarde the iiij'", and for the soules of his pgenytours whiche was firste fownder & granter of the same fraternyte. Ite. for the soules of John Mountes & Ales his wiffe whiche gaue to the Chambre xx’, [Membrane 3.*] Pro animabus. Johannis Pynnok. Stephani Hendy, et Alicie cons. [w gauea ten*™""t called Shrewys Corner ]. Willim More, et Susanne cons.° Thome Seal et Alicie cons. "§ to | —this portion of ancient MS. was covered by the top of Mem. 2 being pasted or fixed over it. * In the margin :—“ Kingdom Englond & of France & of Ireland and hed in earth, ye supreme hed.” > Subsequently erased. * Same handwriting as that on Membrane 1... ° Consortis, or coniugis. 378 The Original Bederoll of the Salisbury Tailors’ Guild, Roberti Bulke, cum uxore sua [w*" gaue x markes]. Johannis behets, et Christine cons [wch. gaue a ten*™'"t ene lockyers Corner]. Edwarde Goodyere, et dionisie ux (oris). Nicholai Hockyn, et edithe con’s [w‘* gaue x markes]. Willm Philipps [wh gaue a sto'ding cuppe of syluer]. Henrici Gyle, et Margerie, con’s [w*" gaue a basse pott of viij galons), Johannis Parke. Thome Dudman, et ioh[*™™Je con’s [ w*" gaue .x. markes]. Johannis ffraunces. Johannis Broode, et alicie Charlyng. Willim Tauener, & Joh?""e Mountes [w*" gaue XxE] Philippi Sime: Joha™is Perannce & Margarete cons’ [w‘". gave te, mayer Willim Godeferay & Alicie uxoris sue cum omnibus liberis [w“ gaue v.", ]. Willim Garlyke cum uxore.! Joha™is Godefrey w' hys 11 wyffes, whiche gafe to the brethered a paxe of Syluere. Willielmi Marchi whiche gaffe xx* to the brethed. Johannis Wyly. [Membrane 4.7] Joh?™is Wyly Bennet Davyd w™. gaue .xl... Willelmi Marchy w*. gaue .xx.’. Johis Godfrey w“. gaue a syluer paxe. Thome Gybson, w*". gaue .xl.°. Roberti Arudell w". gaue xx.’, Alicie Kynge, wydowe, w‘". gaue xx., Petri Cofyn, w°". gaue xvj.*, & a dyaper towell. (M:.) Johis Waggyn, w°". gaue .xx... Johane Bennet, w°". gaue .xx.’. Thome Psion w?, gaue .x.°. ‘ (de*) Elys Poyndert, w‘". gaue .vj.*. .viij.4. eis, Walteri Storme, w*". gaue .iij®. ilijd. a ar (M's) Johane Peerson, w*". gaue .xlvj.’. .viij.4. Willi Eston, w®. gaue a pon rien Ol avy, Vilyc: Johis Bowe we. gaue .vj.*. .vilj.? (Mr.) Willi Williams, w*. gaue to the buyldynge of the taylours ball ved [and also v markes widled.¢ in margin]. Thome Gryffyth, w°". gaue to the Skotchyns of the light O.4 Willi Middelton & Annes his wiffe w°*. gaue the blake vestmentes to requiem Masse. 1 Here the original handwriting ends, near the foot-of the Membrane or strip: but in a smaller hand was written in three lines, but subsequently covered by pasting over the top of strip 4, to join 3 and 4 together, * Same handwriting as Membrane 2. 3? dame. by C. Hi askins, 379 Here the roll, as pieced together, ended, but two entries were added at two subsequent times :— > Mr. Roberti Gryffyth w*. gaue xl*. to the buyldyng a the taylours halle. John Nycholas gaue .xx.*. to the buyldyng of the taylour’s hall. [Membrane 2, in dorso.] On the dorse of Membrane 2 is written in pale ink the formula for absolution of the departed founders :— Absoluimus' quesumus, Domine, animas fundatorum benefactorum, nostrorum et omnium fidelium defunctorum ab omni vinculo delictorum vt in resurrectionis gloria inter Sanctos Et electos tuos resussitati respirent per xpm. dnm nrm. [2.e., per Christum Dominum nostrum. | Compare the conclusion of the Salisbury Cathedral “ Bidding of the Bedes” in “Salisbury Ceremonies and Processions,’ ed, Chr. Wordsworth, Camb., 1901, p. 32. ' An error for ‘“‘absolue.” 380 A FORGOTTEN HOSPITAL AT [GREAT] BEDWYN. In the Descriptive Catalogue of Ancient Deeds in the Public Record Office (in preparing and indexing which Mr. A, Story-Maskelyne took a considerable part), the following document is thus noticed ; Vol. ui. p. 318, 4to, 1900 :-— Anc. DEEDs, GC, 3000.1 [Wilts.]* Grant in frank almoin by Walter le Bret of Croftone, to the house of St. John the Baptist of Bedewynde and the brethren and sisters there, of a messuage, croft, meadow, wood, and [6 acres of] land in Croftone, part of the {land lying in the sand ‘(an sabulo). Witnesses :— Richard de Haveringes, John de Colingeburn,? and others (named). Through the kindness of Mr, A, Story-Maskelyne we are able to present the readers of this Magazine with an expanded transcript of the above-named document, which tells us of a Wiltshire Hospital unknown to Leland, Dugdale, Tanner, Browne Willis, Canon Jackson, and other writers on our old Religious Houses and Chapels. Sciant presentes et futuri quod ego Walterus le Bret de Croftone dedi concessi et hac presenti carta mea confirmavi pro me et heredibus meis imperpetuum deo et beate Marie et domui Sancti Johannis Baptiste de Bedewynde et fratribus et sororibus ibidem deo servientibus in pura et in perpetua elemosina pro salute anime mee et antecessorum meorum Quoddam mesuagium cum una crofta et cum uno prato et cum uno bosco cum omnibus pertinenciis eorum, et sex acras terre cum omnibus pertinenciis suis sine ullo retenemento mihi vel heredibus meis ; videlicet illas sex acras terre quas tenui in villa de Croftone et in campis ejusdem ville cum homagiis redditibus releviis wardis [escha letis et cum omnibus aliis rebus que ad me vel ad heredes meos causa predicti tenementi poterunt evenire in predicta villa de Croftone. de quibus predictis sex acris terre una acra jacet in sabulo inter terram quam Simon filius Johannis tenuit et terram quam Steffanus Prikepain tenuit. Et una acrajacet in sabulo inter terram que fuit Ade Baudewyne 1 The deeds in the series marked ‘‘C.” belong to the Court of Chancery and were formerly preserved in the Tower of London and the Rolls Chapel. 2 Misprinted ‘‘|Hants]” on p. 318, but corrected on p. x. 3 Misprinted “ Colregeburn” on p. 318, but corrected on p. x. A forgotten Hospital at Great Bedwyn. 381 et terram quam Reginaldus de Ponte tenuit. Et due acre jacent inter terram quam predictus Simon tenuit in campo aquilonali et terram quam Willelmus Sewinus tenuit. Et due acre jacent inter terram quam Steffanus Prikepain tenuit et terram quam Reginaldus de Ponte tenuit. Habenda et tenenda omnia predicta de dominis feodi ejusdem predicte domui et predictis fratribus et sororibus libere. quiete. integre. et in paceinperpetuum. Reddendo indeannuatim dominis feodi quatuor soli- dos argenti et unum denarium ad festum Sancti Michaelis pro omnibus serviciis. querelis. Sectis. et demandis. Salvo7regali servicio. Et ego Walterus Bret et heredes mei predictum mesuagium cum predictis crofta. prato. bosco. et cum predictis sex acris terre et cum omnibus aliis prenominatis et cum omnibus eorum pertinenciis predicte domui et predictis fratribus et sororibus contra omnes homines et feminas per predictum servicium warantizabimus. Et quia volo quod hec mea donacio concessio et confirmacio rata et stabilis permaneat hanc pre- sentem cartam impressione sigilli mei corroboravi. Hiis testibus Alano filio Waryn. Ricardo de Haveringes. Johanne de Colingeburn. Johanne de Graftone. Ricardo Boxman. Ricardo de Hareden. Roberto Hommeden. Willelmo Russel. Waltero Stablir. et multis aliis. Ancient Deeds. C. 3000. 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Sale of Stonehenge and the Amesbury Abbey Estate. On the death of Sir Edmund Antrobus a short time after the death of his only son at the front, the Amesbury Abbey Estate passed to Sir Cosmo Antrobus, brother of the late baronet, and by his direction was offered for sale at Salisbury. The catalogue of the sale was as follows: Particulars, Plans, .. . of Sale of the Domain known as the Amesbury Abbey Estate including Stonehenge . . 6420 acres ... . by auction at the New Theatre, Salisbury, . . . . 21stSept.,1915. .. .. Messrs. Knight, Frank, & Rutley. Folio, pp. 101. Two very large folding coloured plans in pocket, and key plan reduced from Ordnance on the cover. The first five pages are taken up with a paper by Lady Antrobus on “Amesbury Abbey,” reprinted from Country Life, March 1st, 1902, and as an introduction to Lot 15, “Stonehenge, together with about 30a. 2r. 37p. of the adjoining downland,” a couple of pages of description of the monument are reprinted from the Programme of the visit to Stonehenge by the Royal Archeological Institute in the autumn meeting, 1913. It is stated that the net receipts from the ls. a head gate-money charged for admission amount to about £320 per annum. The catalogue also contained the following conditions :— 3 “Stonehenge is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments Protection — Act, 1882, and is accordingly subject to the provisions of the Ancient Monuments Consolidation and Amendment Act, 1913, and a pur- chaser shall buy with full notice of the effect of this Act. Lot 15 is also sold subject to the following stipulations, namely : (1) That the public shall always be allowed to have free access to it on payment of such reasonable sum per head, not exceeding one shilling for each visit, and subject to such reasonable conditions as the owner for the time being may from time to time think fit : “(2) That it shall so far as possible be maintained 1 in its present condition, and =) That the purchaser shall in his conveyance covenant not to erect or permit to be erected upon any part of the said lot within 400 yards of the milestone marked ‘Amesbury 2’ on the northern frontage thereof, any building or erection other than a pay box similar to the pay box already standing on the said lot. The con- veyance of Lot 15 shall be made in such form and shall contain such | covenants and provisions as the vendor shall consider necessary OF | proper for giving full effect to the foregoing stipulations.” When the intention of selling the property became known, many letters appeared in the press advocating the acquisition of Stonehenge by the Nation. A series of letters on this suggestion and on the future of the monument ‘generally appeared in The Salisbury Journal, June Notes. 398 5th, 1915, from the Dean of Salisbury, the Rev. E. H. Goddard, Dr. J. P. Williams-Freeman, Mr. Heywood Sumner, Col. W. Hawley, and Mr. F. Stevens. Our own Society communicated with the National Trust, offering to icooperate with the Trust if the latter found itself able to take any steps to secure the structure for the Nation, and it was understood that the Secretary of the Trust was in communication with the agents of the estate and the auctioneers on the matter. Nothing further transpired, however, and the sale at Salisbury came on Sept. 21st, 1915. There was no bid for the Abbey and Park, but many of the farms were sold, Normanton Farm going to Lord Glenconner for £7,200, Countess Farm to Mr. A. C. Young for £8,900, Ratfyn to the same bidder for £9,500, Red House Farm to a Salisbury Syndicate for £5,600 and West Amesbury to Mr. I. Crook for £4,450. Full accounts of the sale appeared in the Wiltshire Gazette, Sept. 23rd, and Salisbury Journal, Sept. 25th, 1915, the Salisbury Times giving also a portrait of Mr. Chubb, and photos of the High Street, The Old Lock-Up, and Cold- harbour, at Amesbury. Lot 15 comprised Stonehenge and the 30 acres of downland adjoining it, now enclosed within the wire fence. Started at £5,000 it advanced slowly by bids of £100 to £6,600, at which price it was knocked down to Mr. C. H. E. Chubb, who, as he stated, had attended the sale without any intention of buying, but seeing that the sale appeared to hang, started bidding, and was more surprised than anyone else when he found himself the owner at the abovementioned price. The National Trust was not represented at the sale, and Lord Eversley wrote a letter to the Times in the early days of October, explaining why it was not. The Trust had, he says, asked the agents at what price the owner was willing to sell Stonehenge to a public body like the Trust. The reply was £10,000. The Trust regarded this as . altogether excessive, and very shortly before the sale wrote to the agents saying so. The auctioneers replied that the reserve price at the auction would be “thousands of pounds below the amount mentioned in our previous letter” (£10,000), and suggesting that the National Trust should be represented at the auction. Unfortunately it was then too late to make arrangements for the finding of the necessary purchase money in time, and the opportunity of securing Stonehenge for the Trust was lost. Lord Eversley states that at the time of the action brought against the late Sir Edmund Antrobus in 1901, ‘we’ [pre- sumably the National Trust] ‘ offered to purchase the monument and a few acres of down land surrounding it for the sum of £10,000.’ Sir Edmund “did not object to a sale, but he said his price was £50,000. For this sum he had already offered the monument to the Government, and when it was rejected, on the ground that it was altogether exorbitant, he threatened to sell the stones to an American millionaire, who would ship them across the Atlantic. The then Chancellor of the Exchequer, to whom the offer and threat were verbally made, very properly replied that if an attempt was made to remove the monument he would send a regiment from the camp on Salisbury Plain to prevent it.” [Surely this must have been merely a joke. ] 394 Notes. To this letter the auctioneers replied in the 7imes of Oct.7th,1915,saying that Sir Cosmo Antrobus was sorry that the National Trust had not been represented at the sale, that the fact that it was not so represented was not their fault, and that on the day before the sale they had telephoned to the Trust that if they were prepared to pay £6,000 they had better be represented at the sale. Mr. Chubb also wrote on the same date saying that though it was true that he had no intention of buying when he entered the sale room, he certainly did not buy the monument as an investment, as Lord Eversley had stated. He had not, he said, as yet formed any plans as to the future. “Iam not eager to sell Stonehenge either to the National Trust or to anyone else.” Further letters appeared, and on:January 28th, 1916, Lord Eversley returned to the charge in a long letter in the Salisbury Times, reprinted in full in the Weltshire Gazette, Feb. 3rd, reiterating at length his view of the negociations between the National Trust and the auctioneers, and printing a letter which he had addressed to Mr. Chubb on Oct. 9th, 1915, asking whether he would re-sell the monument “ with a view to its being placed under the permanent protection of a public body, and the public being admitted free of charge” ; and Mr. Chubb’s reply of Oct. 12th, in which he says “at present I am not disposed to sell the ancient monument, but you may rest assured that it will be as carefully looked after as it has been heretofore.” Lord Eversley says that had Mr. Chubb been willing to hand over his purchase, the National Trust was now in a position, owing to several generous offers of help, to repay him the purchase money, plus 10 per cent., and take possession, and he proceeds to criticise the new owner’s refusal to accept, in no measured terms. Throughout his long statement Lord Eversley clearly shows that the object he has really at heart is the throwing open of the monument to the public free of charge rather than its preservation. The Salisbury Times of the same date commenting on the letter in an article, expresses the opinion that short of the monument becoming national property, it could not have fallen into better hands than Mr. Chubb’s, and that it “ can see no sign of there being much local sympathy with any effort to dispossess him.” The new owner, Mr. C. H. E. Chubb, of Bemerton Lodge, Salisbury, was formerly a master at the Bishop’s School, Salisbury, graduating afterwards in double first class honours (Science and Law) at Christ’s College, Cambridge: He was subsequently called to the bar, but never practised, as he undertook the control of Fisherton House Asylum, the property of Mrs. Chubb, to whom it was left, as the adopted daughter of the late Dr. Finch. He has also recently purchased from Lord Furness the Berwick St. James Estate. He took formal possession of Stonehenge in January, 1916, and at once reduced the admission fee for entrance from 1s. to 3d. for all men in uniform. He very courteously received the President and Secretary of the Wilts Archeological Society, who called on him with the object especially of pointing out the danger menacing the stones of the circle, which are now leaning outwards, and expressed his intention, after the war, of taking counsel with the Society of Antiquaries as to what ought to be done to secure the stones now leaning from further danger. Notes. 395 ‘*MS. Collections for Wilts,” by C. H. P. Wyndham. Mr. It. S. Newall, of Fisherton Delamere House, recently (leb., 1916) purchased from Gregory, of Bath,a Book of MS. Notes by H. P. Wyndham bearing the above title. It is a folio volume bound in vellum, measuring 1510. X 10in., and consisting of 562 pages. the large majority of which, however, are blank. A note on the fly-leaf in the handwriting of Sir R. C. Hoare states “The Manuscript Book was presented to me by my worthy friend and countryman, C. H. FP. Wyndham, Esq., of the College, Salisbury, durante vita, to which I have added a few particulars, as they occurred. R. C. Hoare.” The Notes are arranged alphabetically under the names of places, fifty-two in all, and consist in a few cases of a short and general de- scription of the Church, in others of a mere reference to the Gentleman’s Magazine, or other source of information, but in the majority of in- stances, of more detailed descriptions Of camps, or the opening of barrows, in which apparently Mr. Wyndham assisted Mr. Cunnington. Sir R. C. Hoare’s additions are not extensive Many of Mr. Wyndham’s notes are dated ‘‘ Oct., 1800.” Mr. Newall has very kindly allowed me to see the book and to extract from it what seemed of interest for the Magazine. Of Avebury Church Mr. Wyndham writes :—‘‘ The antient part or body of the Church is not more than 36 feet square, the roof of which is supported by four, wide, unornamented Norman arches of a very early period, dividing the pavement into a sort of nave and two Iles, all of which are of the same length and breadth. This part was probably built in the reign of Henry the first, when it was given, as a cell to the monks of St. George of Boscharville, in Normandy. ‘The Font is of the same age. . . . The South door is also coeval with the building. Of the stone dincls he says (Oct., 1800) : “ I could not perceive more than 12 or 14 of the huge stones of the Temple now remaining within the ring.” Of the Sarsen stones he writes :“ They must have been carried from the downy vallies of this neighbourhood, thousands of which sort are still visible, sometimes appearing single, and sometimes in crowded natural heaps promiscuously lying together in every kind of direction. The largest of these stones have anciently been selected for Abury and Stonehenge, and that will account why there are now so few in these vallies of equal dimensions. It is observable that none of these masses are to be found on the hills, except that they were manifestly carried thither, but always in the vallies.” This iatter statement is worthy of note in view of the fact that it has sometimes been supposed that the sarsens once lay as thickly on the top of Hackpen Hill as they do in the vallies leading down from it. Clearly this was not the case in 1800, and they could hardly have been cleared away before that date. Of Amesbury he writes: ‘* No part of the original Monastic Church now remains.” Under “ Beauchampstoke” he dwells on the curious earthworks and the vast barrow (now coinpletely destroyed), and from 396 Notes. the fact that the ditch is on the inside of the rampart, concludes that the purpose of the structure must have been the same as that of Avebury. No details, however, are given which are not to be found in Ancient Wilts. . Of Berwick St. John Church Sir R. C. Hoare writes: ‘‘ A square embattled turret to the Church supported by four massive arches under © which the pulpit has been very injudiciously placed. The Church has two:transepts each of which contains a cross-legged knight, that on the north side under a plain arch: that on the south side, under one much ‘richer. This effigy bears on his arm a shield on which are armorial bearings . . . The northern chapel was once probably a chantry founded by the personage whose effigy there exists. On the roof or ceiling, which is in a very dilapidated state, there is a tablet engraved in old letters. Q@y. ‘Dominus Johes Beke.” On another tablet is an escutcheon of arms. . . . Font modern. Many sepulchral inscriptions. Of Great Bedwyn Church Mr. Wyndham says: “The Church is large and built in the form of a cross, having a handsome Tower, a wide.Nave, two Iles, and a cross Ile, all the walls of which are of small smooth-headed flints strongly cemented together. The nave is divided from the Iles, by four arches on each side, supported by round Norman pillars of stone, crowned .with large projecting capitals in perfect preservation and varying in their designs every one from the others. The arches are pointed, the double mouldings of which are all uniform and exhibit a very bold and deeply indented zigzag facing. The chancel is of the same age with the Church and has five uniform lancet windows on each side, tho’ two of them have been defaced in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, to give space on the wall for the monument of a Duke of Somerset; many of the original tiles, of a mosaic pattern, still serve, tho’ in confusion, as part of its [the chancel’s] pavement. In the south cross Ile are two antient mural monuments under Gothic arches, one of them is of a cross-legged knight in armour & of full length, bearing -a large shield with a bend between six birds, 3 & 3. The sexton said the monument. was of an Adam de Stoke, but could advance no farther. The other appears to be of some Abbot or Bishop, having a long cross upon its slab, formerly inlaid with brass, but long since taken away, with an inscription round its margin, so deeply engraven in large Gothick characters, that, if the letters were cleaned, they would be easily legible.” Of Berwick St. Leonard Sir R. C. Hoare notes that it was “ formerly the residence of the Howe family, some of whom are there buried. Afterwards it became, by marriage, the property of Henry Lee Warner, Esq., of Walsingham Abbey, Co. Norfolk. From him it came to his relation, — Woodward, Esq., who sold it to J ohn Benet, of Fythouds Ks ) Mr. Wyndham was present with Mr. W. Cunnington when one of the Roman villas at Pitmead, between Bishopstrow and Norton, was examined in 1800, and he gives an account of what was found, whiell . however, does little to supplement that given in Ancient Wilts, IL., 111. Notes. 397 Of Bulford he writes: “The Church is very antient, being entirely built with flints, except where it has been visibly repaired with bricks ; the walls are very thick, and the original windows small, narrow, & few. The Tower is founded on a very broad square, and is so low, that its height is not double of its breadth. The door opens into the Church, on the south side, thro’ this Tower, under a semicircular arch with plain mouldings.” ‘A Church somewhat similar to this is to be seen at Wilsford—built with the same materials. ‘The Tower of Wilsford Church is at the west end, and a Norman door-case, now stopt up, antiently led thro’ the Tower into the Body. | Funaria hygrometrica (Sibth.)—7*—Near Marlborough, | Savernake Forest, ete. | Aulacomnion androgynum (Schwaegr).—8*—On a sandy | bank near Hamspray House, Ham, about five miles from Great | Bedwyn, as usual producing slender leafless pseudopodia, ending in round heads of densely crowded stalked fusiform gemme. Philonotis fontana (Brid).—7*, 8—Near Hopgrass Farm, l Hungerford ; among grass in Bedwyn Brails Wood; plentifully im | a marshy depression near Shalbourne Newtown, Great Bedwyn, | ine | ye Le By OAR. iavnst- 457 where I found male flowers in three places; in the last locality it grows with the delicate flowering P. caespitosa, which soon withers up and disappears under the sun’s rays, the more robust P. fontana lasting much longer. P. caespitosa (Wils.)—8*.—Bog near Burridge Heath, Great Bedwyn, with male flowers which appear in May and June; also in a marshy place near Shalbourne Newtown, with male flowers, growing with P. fontana. P. calcarea var. laxa nov. var. (Dismier MS. in litt.}—7*, 8*.—Both sides of the Kennet and Avon Canal at and near Great Bedwyn extending eastwards as far as Froxfield and westwards as far as Wootton Rivers, which latter place is six miles from Great Bedwyn; this moss would ~ flourish luxuriantly on the sides of the lock-pounds of the Kennet and Avon Canal, were it not carefully scraped off the brick- work by the lock-keepers, only, however, invariably to reappear. As I mentioned in the preface it is new to bryology, and was noticed almost simultaneously in France and England by M. Dismier and myself, “A variety parallel to the similarly uamed vars. of P. fontana, |, caespitosa, ete. The nerve, muricate at the back, is a noticeable feature in this gathering, apart from the lax areolation.” [Dixon.] Webera nutans (Hedw.)—8*.—Bedwyn Brails Wood, growing freely in one place near a tree stump; Mr, H. H. Knight, in the “ Mosses of Gloucestershire” (Proc. Cotteswold Nat. F.C., vol. xvi, pt. 3, 1914, pp. 257—291), says that this moss is “rare on the Cotswolds, where it is usually confined to tree stumps in woods” ; it dislikes calcareous soil. W. annotina (Schwaeg.)—8*.— An interesting form occurs on London Clay near Dod’s Down Brickworks, Great Bedwyn, about which Mr, Dixon wrote as follows:—“ Your Webera is for the most part normal W. annotina (bulbils small and numerous in each leaf axil, mostly | about the top of the stem), A few stems have the W. erecta form, bulbils few, large, single in a leaf axil, with the leaf pushed outwards, mostly in the middle of a stem. But these are rather smaller than in W. erecta, the leaves are identical with those of 458 East Wiltshire Mosses. the other stems; and, moreover, there are several stems with the | normal annotina bulbils, but with one or two of the larger single — ones lower down, showing, I think conclusively, that all are forms | of one plant, not two species or vars. intermixed. It throwsa | . rather interesting light on W. erecta, however, I think.” W. |— albicans (Schp.)—7*, 8*.—Chisbury; with male flowers, near Fe Hight Walks, Savernake Forest; roadside near Ham; plentifully |~ on clay in the drive on the top of Bedwyn Brails Wood, Great if Bedwyn. : Bryum inclinatum (Bland)—8.—On London Clay at Dod’s | Down Brickworks, Great Bedwyn [teste Knight]. B. pallens | (Sw.)—7*, 8.—On the north and south sides of the Kennet and | Avon Canal; c.fr., at Dod’s Down Brickworks, near Great Bedwyn, | where it grows with the hepatic, Blasia pusilla. B. | pseudo-triquetrum (Schwaeg).—8.—Wet place near Folly Farm, Great Bedwyn. B. intermedium (Hrid.)—8*.—On |- wet clay near Burridge Heath, Great Bedwyn [teste Knight]. | B. caespiticium (L.)—7*.—Walls, ete. B. atropurpureum | (Web. & Mohr.)—7*.—on bare clayey ground in Tottenham Park, | plentifully ; near it Pleuridium subulatum is very abundant, | B. murale (Wils.)—7*, 8*—On wall near Hatchet Lane, | Great Bedwyn ; on railway bridge near Woltfhall, Savernake. | B. roseum (Schreb.)—8*—Growing on ant-hills on chalk downs | near Burbage, Savernake Forest; this sylvan moss also is foundin | the open near Cheltenham, and occurs on sand-hills near Harlech, | in Merionethshire. The latter locality is one of the few places | where the capsules are produced. Mnium cuspidatum (Hedw.)—7*.—Savernake Forest. : WI. rostratrum (Schrad,)—8.—Plentiful and fine in a wet place | near Shalbourne. | Fontinalis antipyretica (L.)—7*.—On a stone by stream, | near Lockeridge, Marlborough [Dixon]; in the River Kennet at | Ramsbury and elsewhere, rather common. F. antipyretica } var. cymbifolia (Nicholson)—7*—In a pool near the Engine | by C. P. Hurst. 459 House, Crofton, Great Bedwyn; Mr. W. E. Nicholson writes :— “To the best of my recollection your moss agrees well enough with the plant I described as F. antipyretica var. cymbifolia. The moss I originally described,.was more robust than your plant, but I have seen others as slender as yours which I should be inclined to refer to the variety which seems to be fairly well marked and constant.” Cryphaea heteromalla (Mohr.)—7, 8.—On trees, especially old elder and hazel, widely spread, Ramsbury, Wilton Brails Wood, on beech near Grand Avenue in Savernake Forest, near Martinsell Hill, ete. Further search has shown that this moss is not un- common in the Savernake Forest district, I have found it in a good many localities, in some places quite plentifully. | | Neckera pumila (Hedw.)—7*——Common in Savernake Forest, _ where the fruit is rare; I have found capsules in various localities _ in the Forest. N. pumila var. Philippeana (Milde)—7*. | —This is common on smooth-barked trees in Savernake Forest, growing with the type, and intermediate forms are also frequent. | N. complanata (Hiibn.)—7, 8.—Very common in _Savernake Forest; c. fr., in three localities. : | Ptergonium gracile (Swartz) —7.—In various parts of Savernake Forest, but rare, I found five capsules on an oak near | Hieht Walks; also poorly developed plants on sarsen stones near _ Aldbourne. Leskea polycarpa (Ehrh.)—7*.—On a willow, near Froxfield, fruiting freely. | Anomodon vititulosus (Hook. & Taylor)—7*—Near Lock- -eridge, Marlborough [Dixon]; near the King Oak in Savernake | Forest this moss grows very luxuriantly on tree trunks, a common | calcicolous species. : Leptodon Smithii (Mohr).—7*——On a beech near the Grand Avenue, Savernake Forest; the locality is not very far from the i | Warren Farm. Thuidium tamarascinum (B. & S.)—7, 8 —Mr. F. Comyns, 460 East Wiltshire Mosses. Newbury (Berks), tells me this species has been found fruiting | near Savernake Lodge, Savernake Forest. T. philiberti | (Limpr.)—7, 8*.—Among grass in Savernake Forest; by the road- | side near Botley Down, about three miles south of Great Bedwyn ; | also near Chilton Foliat. Climacium dendroides (Web. & Mohr.) —8.—Marshy place i near Woodborough. Brachythecium glareosum (B. & S.)—8,—Bank near | Bedwyn Brails Wood, Great Bedwyn. B. albicans (B. & 8.) | —7, 8—c. fr. on two thatched roofs in Great Bedwyn; extremely | luxuriant and fruiting copiously on thatch at Wolthall, Savernake ; . also fruiting freely on a thatched roof near Savernake Station ; like some other species, this moss attains its highest development | on thatch, the capsules are very distinctly smaller when produced | on sand-hills, B. rivulare (B. & S.)—7*, 8*.—<. fr., with | setee 17in. long, in a bog near Burridge Heath, Great Been yey | uutting freely at he roots of Wiecoties in the Greed Avenmiil | Savernake OTE by the ronneudey near Oakhill io Hospi | plentifully at the roots of beeches on the chalk escarpment at Oare | Hill, Marlborough, a Bs purum (Dixon)—7, 8.—C. fr, in various localities in Savernake Forest. Eurynchium crassinervium (B. & S.)—7*—Near Locker- | idge, Marlborough [Dixon]; this calcicolous species seems curiously | rare round Great Bedwyn. E. speciosum (Schp.)—8*.— Fruiting finely on brickwork above water at Wilton Water, Great | Bedwyn, the capsules are large, turgid, and dark brown, and the | setee are very rough ; a rare species. E. Praelongum (Hobk.) | 7, 8.—Abundant but fruit nob very common. EK, Swartzii| | (Hobk.) —7,8.—C. fr., under beeches in the Grand Avenue, Savernake | Forest ; a common species. E. abbreviatum (Schp.)—7—| ion (CO, JA, JERR, 461 Hedge-bank near Marlborough [A. B. Jackson]; hedgebank near Knowle Farm; a species often found when looked for, like Barbula convoluta var. Sardoa (B. & S.) E. pumilum (Schp.) —7—C. fr., under beeches in the Grand Avenue, Savernake Forest E. curvisetum (Husn.)—7,—Savernake Forest [Jackson]. E. tenellum (Milde).—8.— Growing plentifully and fruiting © freely inside a brick shaft at the Dod’s Down Brickworks. E. myosuroides (Schp.) and E. myurum (Dixon)—7.—Both plentiful and fruiting freely at the roots of trees in Savernake Forest. E. striatum (B. & S.)—7, 8.—I have not seen the fruit of this common species in Wiltshire. EF. rusciforme (Milde)—7*, 8—Near Lockeridge [Dixon]; a common species. E. murale (Milde)—7*, 8.—Sarsen stone near Shalbourne ; two localities near Wolfhall, Savernake; near Marlborough; wall near Savernake Station; not at all common. E. megapolitanum (Milde) —7*.—Fruiting at the base of a wall in the village of Mildenhall. This moss has been recorded for the neighbouring county of Berkshire but is a rare species, found, most frequently, _ on sandy and stony sea-shores. Plagiothecium elegans (Sull,)—7.—Rather plentiful in Savernake Forest, near Braydon Oak. P. denticulatum (B. & §.)—7*—Horse Copse, near Great Bedwyn. P. silvaticum (B. & S.)—7, 8*%—Wood near Ramsbury ; Oakhill Wood, near Fosbury. P. undulatum (B. & 8.) —7*.—Fine and conspicuous near the Column, Savernake Forest, and elsewhere in the Forest. Amplystegium Kochii (B. & 5.) —8*—A plant growing in a wet place near Shalbourne was placed under this eritical species by Cardot. A varium (Lindb.)—7*, 8*.—Roadside bank near Great Bedwyn, “an unusual rather regularly pinnate form” [Dixon]; also near the south side of the Kennet and Avon Canal near Great Bedwyn. A filicinum (De Not.)—7, 8. —Very common; ec. fr., by the Kennet and Avon Canal, near Great Bedwyn. Hypnum riparium (L.)—7*.—On a tree stump by the side 462 East Wiltshire Mosses. of a pond near Martinsell Hill, in fine fruit. H. riparium | var. subsecundum—7*, 8*.—By the Wharf at Great Bedwyn, on | and also on both sides of the Kennet and Avon Canal. Mr. Dixon } } t t wrote about it as follows:—“ Your Hypnum is a form of H.)7 riparium and agrees quite sufficiently closely with var. subsea 7 cundum (B. & S.), Apart from the falcate leaves, it is peculiar | nation) that produced the unusual leaf direction also affected the | form of the capsule,” The locality was slightly shaded. | Bedwyn. H. stellatum var. protensum (R6hl.)—8.—Wet place near Folly Farm, Great Bedwyn, ec. fr., growing plentifully. | H. aduncum (Hedw. non L.)—7*.—Meadow on the | north side of the Kennet and Avon Canal, Great Bedwyn.— | Hungerford. Mr. J. A. Wheldon kindly sent me the following very interesting note regarding this moss:—“TI think your plant comes without any doubt'under,var. polycarpon (Bland), rather | the lower part very short and parenchymatous, and the outline of the leaf is quite that of v. polycarpon. In addition it shows the! curious mortification of the stem apices from which issue slender surculi, which often occurs in this var, and are said to exist im | Blandow’s originalexample. Renauld refers to frequent occurrence | of this malformation, or ‘sport’ in this var. in MMosses of France| (Boulay). The var. intermedium is usually more robust and} with longer cells, the long cells continuing down nearer to the base, and the forma laxifolium shows this character and differs. only in its distinct leaves. It is sometimes nearly as robust as | forms of group pseudo-iluitans, whereas v. polycarpon is| rarely a fine tall plant and always somewhat slender, In Lancashire! Jey (Os Jey Jalota. 463 the var. intermedium is a much commoner plant than is var. polycarpon—and I think that is the case throughout England.” H. aduncum group Kneiffii var. attenuatum (Boul.)—8*.— Wet place near Shalbourne [Zesée Dixon]. H. aduncum sroup pseudo-iluitans var. paternum forma gracilis (Ren.) —8* —Growing in dense masses in a pool on London Clay at Dod’s Down Brickworks [teste Wheldon]. H. exannulatum (Diimb.)—8.—Growing by the side of the above pool on London Clay at Dod’s Down Brickworks [este Wheldon ] ; this is the typical form, which is equivalent to H. fluitans var. pinnatum (Boul.). H. cupressiforme var. ericetorum (B. & 8.) —7*, 8. —C. fr., among heather near London Ride, Savernake Forest; also c. fr., among heather near Bedwyn Brails Wood, “scarcely so pinnate as typical ericetorum, but it would distinctly come under this var.” [Knight]. H. palustre (Huds.)—7*, 8.—North : and south sides of the Kennet and Avon Canal near Great Bedwyn. | H. cordifolium (Hedw,)—8*.— Fruiting freely at the end of May in a very wet rushy place in Bedwyn Brails Wood, Great | Bedwyn, where it grows fairly plentifully; the setz are very long in this species. H. cuspidatum (L.)—7, 8.—This very ‘Common moss produces capsules copiously in marshy places near Great Bedwyn. H. Schreberi (Willd.)—7, 8. Fruiting by a gravel walk in the north-eastern part of Savernake Forest; growing on thatch with Brachythecium albicans (B. & 8.) in Great Bedwyn village, a very unusual habitat for this moss, which | generally occurs in woods and on heath lands; the fruit is extremely | rare with us in Britain, but is common on the Continent. _ Hylocomium splendens (B. & S.)—7, 8—C. fr. in two places | bya gravel walk in the north-eastern part of Savernake Forest ; valso c. fr. in various places in a copse near London Ride, Savernake | Forest, growing among heather; also ec. fr, among heather near | Bedwyn Brails Wood. H.loreum (B. & S.)—7, 8— ‘Savernake Forest, in several places; in a wood south-east of Little Bedwyn ; copse near Froxfield. H, squarrosum (B. & 8.) — b 8.—Fruiting very freely in various localities in the north-east | | 464 — East Waltshire Mosses. of Savernake Forest; a prostrate form grows on London Clay ne nes water at Dod’s Down Brickworks, Great Bedwyn, it is referred t in Mr. H. N. Dixon’s PEROT Handbook of British Mosses, a edition, p. 559. i | 465 MARLBOROUGH LAND AND FRESH WATER MOLLUSCA.! By C. P. Hurst. The following shells were found within ten miles of Marlborough and include three species and eight varieties that are not recorded in J. H. Adams’ long list in the Report of the Marlborough College Natural History Society for 1915. The principal find of the year was the almost unique white variety of Clausilia Rolphii (the variety albina of Schmidt), which I discovered ina hedgebank near Stype Wood, Bagshot, associated with no less than 602 specimens of the type and with hundreds of that very rare Wiltshire shell, Azeca tridens; I have described Clausilia Rolphii var. albina below, and I may mention that the locality is in the ex- treme north-east of the Watsonian vice-county of South Wiltshire (v.c. 8). In the following list the range of various species is ex- tended, especially that of Vitrea alliaria, which has hitherto been apparently overlooked. It is interesting to record Vertigo antivertigo from near Froxfield, the first species of this genus of minute shells to be found near Marlborough. In the neighbourhood of Great Bedwyn, a village about seven miles to the south-east of Marlborough, the cases of the caddis worms are very interesting, as they are often thickly and sometimes very prettily studded with the shells of freshwater and even with the shells of land species. The slugs would well repay further study, and several conchologists have pointed out that the rare Limax tenellus is not unlikely to occur in Savernake Forest in autumn. The nomenclature and } | district is a great drawback both from the point of view of the | | { | | - arrangement of Mr. E. W. Swanton’s “ Pocket Guide” have been followed, and I am much indebted to Mr. Swanton for kind aid in identification. The absence of stones and rocks in this chally moss student and the conchologist, as so many mosses are rupestral 1(“The Mollusca of Wiltshire,” by E. W. Swanton, Wilts Arch Mag. XXXVi., 57 (1909), is the most authoritative list of the shells of the county.) | VOL. XXXIX.—NO. CXXVI. 2 | ' 466 Marlborough Land and Fresh Water Mollusca. in habitat, and one of the chief conchological maxims is “Never leave a stone unturned”; but this fact is counterbalanced for the shell-hunter by the extremely calcareous nature of the soil, which | makes this neighbourhood a most rich field for exploration. In the following notes v.c. 7 — North Wiltshire, v.c. 8 = South | Wiltshire, and * denotes that the shell is unrecorded in Mr. | Swanton’s “ The Mollusca of Wiltshire.” Sphyradium edentulum. Two living specimens were found ‘ under sticks near Rhododendron Drive, Savernake Forest (1st i Sept., 1916); Mr. Swanton says this species is rare in Wiltshire | and records it only from Mere and Corsham, Vallonia excentrica, One specimen in the rejectamentat of the Bedwyn Brook, near Froxfield, v.c. 7 (North Wiltshire). Two | living specimens under a log near Newton Shalbourne (teste Swan- | ton); Mr. Swanton records three shells of this species from Edington, | and these and those from the Froxfield locality are the only precise | Wiltshire records I know of, though it is possible that some ofthe | bleached shells recorded by J. H. Adamsunder Vallonia pulchella | as common on Oare Hill, near Marlborough,would come under this species; the Newton Shalbourne locality is in Berkshire, but nob | far from the Wilts border. Vertigo antivertigo. Over a dozen dead shells occurred adhering to logs and pieces of stick in a small backwater of the Bedwyn Brook,near Froxfield,v.c.7; recorded elsewhere in Wiltshire only from near Salisbury and Edington. The above three species are new to Marlborough, being un- recorded for the District in J. H. Adams’ list. I may mention that in J. H. Adams’ collection there is a shell of Hygromia fusca which be tells me he is almost sure he found near Marlborough, in which case it also would be new to the list; Hyegromia fusca is a very rare Wiltshire shell hitherto only recorded from Trow- bridge by the Rev. J. HE. Vize. 1 Rejectamenta signifies the flotsam and jetsam of a stream, shells float- ing on its surface or thrown up on its banks. Bye CP. Hurst, 467 Helicella virgata var. hyalozonata* (bands transparent and colourless). One specimen of this pretty variety was found in a chalk pit near Shalbourne, v.c. 8 (South Wiltshire); this pit is almost on the county boundary. Helicella itala var. scalariforme.* A specimen of this rare _ variety occurred in the chalk pit near Shalbourne above mentioned _ (teste Swanton). Hellicella cantiana var. alba.* I founda few living speci- _mens of this white variety with the type onachalky bank by the roadside near Shalbourne, v.c. 8. Hygromia rufescens var. scalariforme.* One dead shell of _ this very rare variety (whorls partially disconnected) in a hedgebank j near Stype Wood, Bagshot, v.c. 8; the specimen is now in the collection at the Educational Museum, Haslemere (teste Swanton). Clausilia laminata var. albina. A few specimens of this white form in a hedgebank near Stype Wood, Bagshot, v.c. 8. This variety is probably the prettiest of our native land shells and I _have exquisite specimens from the hanging wood, Rivar Copse, near Inkpen, Berkshire, which is just outside our District; the grace and lightness of the spire and the delicate pale green tint make them charming objects. Clausilia Rolphii var. albina.* I found a specimen of this exceedingly rare variety in a hedgebank near Stype Wood, Bagshot, vc. 8, on the 10th June, 1916. It was associated with 602 Specimens of the type and with hundreds of the pretty glittering Azeca tridens, and also, it is interesting to note, with a few "specimens of the white varieties of Azeca tridens and Clausilia laminata. ‘The shell was a perfect living specimen and is white and translucent, 104 millimetres in length (the average length of the type is from 12 to 13 mill.) by about 3 mill. in breadth, rather | more ventricose than the type, and Mr. J. W. Taylor, who is at “present engaged upon a great Monograph of our Land and Fresh- water Mollusca, wrote about it as follows :—* Dr, Gray is the only anthor who speaks decisively on this variety and he merely says it is sometimes found colourless and transparent. Schmidt applied a 2 468 Marlborough Land and Fresh Water Mollusca. the name albina to it but neither Schmidt nor Pfeiffer appear to have known the shell except from Gray’s statement. M. Staes has recorded a specimen from near Brussels, Belgium, and this is the only precise record I know of.” I have presented the shell to the Voucher Collection of the Conchological Soviety of Great Britain and Ireland, and it was exhibited at the Annual Meeting of this Society held in October, 1916, at Manchester. Limnaea stagnalis var. labiata.* A fine example of this variety which has the outer lip much expanded occurred in the Bedwyn Brook at Great Bedwyn, v.c. 8 (teste Swanton.) Bithynia tentaculata var. producta.* I found a shell inter- mediate between -the type and this variety in the Kennet and Avon Canal between Savernake and Wootton Rivers, v, c. 8. Mr. Swanton wrote about it:—‘“Your shell appears to be var. producta of Bithynia tentaculata, but it is not a well defined specimen. In examples from Swarraton, Hants (Hyre Collection), the spire is more produced, but there is one that much resembles yours.” After mentioning 21 vice-counties in which this variety has been found, Mr. W. D. Roebuck (the Recorder of the Conchological Society) wrote :—“So you see it is pretty widely spread, and its range may be said to correspond with that of the type . . . All thesame it does not occur very often—as in all varieties depending on degree, we only rarely obtain the extreme development of the characteristic of the variety, which in this case is the lengthening or producing of the spire of the shell.” The eight varieties recorded above are new to the Marlborough District. | Limax maximus var. fasciatus. Several specimens under logs at Dod’s Down Brickworks, Great Bedwyn (deste Roebuck). Vitrea alliaria. The frequency of this shell was one of the conchological surprizes of the year; around Great Bedwyn it is certainly not uncommon, and I have found it under logs, ete., at Dod’s Down Brickworks, Bedwyn Brails Wood, in Savernake Forest, near Bedwyn Common, near Froxfield, etc., although it has hitherto been recorded for the Marlborough District only from By ie banst. 469 Avebury. The garlic odour emitted by this species is sometimes very strong. Near Rhododendron Drive, Savernake Forest, I used a large log as a shell trap and under this I was always pretty certain to find specimens of this snail. Vitrea pura. A specimen under a log near Rhododendron Drive and also one shell in a small wood near Botley Great Copse, Great Bedwyn. Vitrea radiatula. A common and widely distributed species in the Marlborough District. Zonitoides nitidus. One living shell on mud among sedges near the Kennet and Avon Canal, between Little Bedwyn and Froxfield, v.c. 7 (North Wiltshire) ; fairly plentifully on mud among tussocks of the sedge Carex paludosa on the south side of the Kennet and Avon Canal, near Great Bedwyn. Euconulus fulvus. Common in damp places, among wet vegetation and under logs, ete., around Great Bedwyn. Punctum pygmaeum. One specimen under a log at Dod’s Down Brickworks, Great Bedwyn, and another under a stick in a small wood near Botley Great Copse, Great Bedwyn, This tiny shell is as large as the head of an ordinary pin, Helicella gigaxii.* Fine,plentiful, and well marked on a chalky bank to the north of Shalbourne (teste Charles Oldham) ; this shell was formerly considered a variety of Helicella caperata; Mr. Charles Oldham has recently described and named several new varieties of this species ; recorded for Marlborough without locality by J. H. Adains. Helicella cantiana. Fine and plentiful on a chalky road- side bank near the Hungerford—Salisbury Road to the north of Shalbourne; the specimens incline towards var. rubescens and also towards var. albocincta; H. cantiana is a very rare Wiltshire shell. Hygromia hispida var. hispidosa. This bristly pale | eoloured shell is quite common under logs, m hedgebanks, ete. Hyegromia hispida var. Nana. One or two specimens near Marten: the shell is small and the white internal rib large and b) conspicuous. 470 Marlborough Land and Fresh Water Mollusca. Hygromia rufescens. I sent one or two globose specimens of this very abundant species to Mr. Swanton from a hedgebank near Stype Wood, Bagshot; the colour is very variable round Great Bedwyn and white (var. alba) and red (var. rubens) forms are common. Acanthinula aculeata. In the .woods under logs, ete:, on each side of Rhododendron Drive, Savernake Forest; plentiful under sticks in a small wood near Botley Great Copse, Great Bedwyn; also among dead leaves in the wood at the bottom of Oare Hill, Marlborough. Vallonia costata. Under logs*at Dod’s Down Brickworks, Great Bedwyn,; plentiful under sticks in a small wood near Botley Great Copse, Great Bedwyn, Helicigona lapicida. Not at all common; dead shells are | much more frequent than living ones. I found a very lively living i} specimen among dead leaves in a wood on the chalk escarpment |~ near Rivar; I also saw this species alive on Oare Hill. Helicigona arbustorum var. fuscescens. Very plentiful | and almost equal in numbers to the type in a hedgebank near |~ Stype Wood, Bagshot; with them I found-some fine specimens of | the yellow variety flavescens. | Helix pomatia. I am pleased to see this fine species is well |_ maintaining its ground near Ramsbury; this year (1916) I sent | three dozen living specimens to the Vivarium at the Educational | Museum, Haslemere. Helix nemoralis. This’species, uncommon near Marlborough, | was found sparingly on the downs;near Milton Lilbourne, Burbage; lhe one specimen of var. castanea was seen near Woodborough, and |_ a few of var. fascialba I noticed in a hedgebank near Stype | Wood, where I also foundja specimen about which Mr. J. W. | Taylor wrote as follows :—“The specimen of H. nemoralis you | — send is an intermediate form approaching the var. olivacea and | showing some relationship with var. rubella—as far as the de-| — velopment of the black hue.goes, it is tending to be melanie.” : 7 Jay Oh Je, Jeunes, 471 Helix hortensis. Beautiful specimens of var. fuscolabris sub-var, Sauveuri with violaceous brown peristomes occurred at Great Bedwyn; the var. lutea isabundant on the east side of the road cutting at Oare Hill, Marlborough, and here I took 37 speci- mens with the band formula 10045, 47 with the B.F.10005,28 with the B.F. 00045, and 42 with the B.F. 00005, the last band formula _ Is rare and it is very unusual to find it in such large numbers. Azeca tridens. Hundreds of specimens of this very rare Wiltshire shell were found in a hedgebank near Stype Wood, Bagshot, Shalbourne, v.c. 8, with a few examples of the colourless and transparent var. crystallina;* a few shells with one or two crystallina* iu Foxbury Wood, Great Bedwyn; a few specimens in Hatchet Lane, Great Bedwyn; in each of these three localities the Azeca was closely associated with Clausilia Rolphii ; this species has been hitherto recorded for Wiltshire only from Clarendon. Balea perversa. After rain I found nice specimens of this shell on the bark of two willows by a watercourse near Froxfield. Clausilia laminata. Very plentifnl in May under beeches among dead leaves and moss on the chalk escarpment at Oare Hill, Marlborough; among dead leaves under beeches on the chalk escarpment near Rivar; the shells at Oare Hill and Rivar were fine living specimens. One immature living shell in Horse Copse, Great Bedwyn, I did not see any specimens on the trees, but the observations were made in May, possibly before they had ascended the beeches. Clausilia Rolphii. This shell was the dominant species in a hedgebank near Stype Wood, Bagshot, near Shalbourne, v.c. 8, where I found 602 specimens closely associated with hundreds of Azeca tridens; a few examples were observed in Foxbury Wood and Hatchet Lane, Great Bedwyn, in each case associated with Azeca tridens ; 20 or 30 shells occurred in a hedgebank by the road between Crofton and East Grafton. The only other previous records for this very rare Wiltshire species are two specimens, one found on each side of the canal at Devizes by Mr. C. D. 472 Marlborough Land and Fresh Water Mollusca. Heginbotham, and shells in the: Haslemere Museuin Collection labelled “near Devizes” and collected by the late Mr. Frederick Townsend. Carychium minimum. Shells were observed on caddis cases at Great Bedwyn. Some idea of the minuteness of this tiny shell may be gathered from the fact that 105 dead specimens were found to weigh only half a grain. This species is generally dis- tributed in suitable localities throughout the District. Acroloxus lacustris. I noticed the fragile and semi-tran- sparent Pond Limpet in fair plenty adhering to the leaves of the Bur-reed (Sparganiwm ramoswm) in a watercourse to the south of the Kennet and Avon Canal near Froxfield. Planorbis umbilicatus. Fine living specimens in the Kennet aud Avon Canal near Crofton. -Planorbis vortex. Plentiful among the rejectamenta of the Bedwyn Brook near Froxfield. Planorbis contortus. Very plentiful among the rejectamenta of the Bedwyn Brook near Froxfield. Vivipara vivipara var. efasciata.* This year (1916) I found a fine example of this bandless variety in the Kennet and Avon Canal between Savernake and Pewsey. Valvata cristata. One shell on a caddis case at Great Bedwyn. | ~Pomatias elegans. Abundant in a hedgebank in Chapel Lane, Great Bedwyn, including a large number of the var. pallida; also plentiful on the Wansdyke near Great Bedwyn. Fine specimens of the banded var. fasciata* occurred near Great Bedwyn; Mr. E. W. Swanton named var. maculosa* some Great Bedwyn shells that I sent him, Dreissensia polymorpha. Mr. Swanton mentioned the fry of this species as adhering to caddis cases from Great Bedwyn which I sent him in June, 1915; so far I have been unable to find shells of this species. Unio pictorum. Some years ago I obtained many fine living specimens of this shell from the Kennet and Avon Canal between By @. P. Hurst. 473 Burnt Mill Lock, Great Bedwyn, and the first lock towards Little Bedwyn when, in this section, the water was very much lowered. Sphaerium rivicola. A fine living specimen in the Canal between Savernake and Pewsey. Sphaerium Jacustre. I found numerous shells immersed in the mud of the dew pond at the bottom of Botley Down, Great Bedwyn; they were associated with numbers of the little red mud-loving worm, TPubifex rivulorum. This species of shell has a wonderful capacity for maintaining existence during the summer in the mud of ponds which axe quite dried up on the surface, Pisidium amnicum. Two or three examples among the rejectamenta of the Bedwyn Brook near Froxfield. Pisidium subtruncatum. On caddis cases at Great Bedwyn. Pisidium pusillum var. cinerea. Common on caddis cases at Great Bedwyn. Pisidium nitidum. Elcot Mill, near Marlborough(Bromehead); on caddis cases at Great Bedwyn, also in similar situations at Froxfield; apparently accidentally omitted in J. H. Adam’s list. Pisidium gassiesianum. Not uncommon on caddis cases in the Bedwyn Brook at Great Bedwyn; I noticed a few shells, also on caddis cases, in a watercourse near Froxfield. Ena obscura var, albina.* his rare white variety occurred rather plentifully in a hedge by the road on the east of Great Bedwyn, less than a mile from the village. Ancylus fluviatilis. A very local Wiltshire shell rather plentiful and widely distributed around Great Bedwyn, attached to stones in streams, watercourses, ete. In recording the above species. the old county boundaries have been observed and with the exception of the Rivar Wood locality for Helicigona lapicida and Clausilia laminata and the Newton Shalbourne station for Vallonia excentrica, all the above shells were found in Wiltshire. 474 THE PURCHASE OF THE BROOKE COLLECTION. In April, 1916, I received a letter from Mr. J. W. Brooke, of Marlborough, saying that he wished to part with his well-known collection of antiquities, and that he would very much prefer that our Society should purchase them for our Museum at Devizes. Failing this the collection would be disposed of elsewhere. As it was necessary to come to a conclusion withou’ delay, the Rev. H. G. O. Kendall, of Winterbourne Bassett, kindly accompanied me to interview Mr. Brooke on the subject, in the absence of our Curator—Capt. B. H. Cunnington—and Mrs. Cunnington, on War service. The collection included many objects foreign to the County of Wilts, and these, with one or two exceptions, we did not wish to acquire. Mr. Brooke, however, offered us the whole of the Wiltshire things (except the collection of Coins, which he had already parted with), and anything else we might choose to take, together with two of the cases in which the objects were exhibited, for £250. As this seemed a very reasonable sum, it was felt that in spite of the unpropitious moment, in the middle of the War, with all its claims on Members’ purses, the Society could not contemplate the dispersal of this well-known collection of local objects, the most important in private hands in Wiltshire, without making every effort to secure its permanent possession for the county. An appeal was therefore made at once for subscriptions, both in the Wiltshire papers and by individual application-to all who were likely to be interested in the matter. The appeal met with an immediate and most gratifying response, and as several Members had offered to guarantee considerable sums, in addition to their donations, the Committee were able in a very short time to close with Mr. Brooke’s offer and secure the whole of the objects con- nected with the county. Indeed so unexpectedly liberal was the response from all parts of Wiltshire that within a couple of months or so the Committee were able to repay £66 which had been Z The Purchase of the Brooke Collection. 475 actually lent without interest, to pay Mr. Brooke the stipulated sum of £250, and in addition to purchase from him the other cases with which his museum was fitted up, for the sum of £20. The removal and fitting up of these cases at Devizes cost £19 11s., and postages, printing, and other expenses of the appeal £1 13s. 8d, The total received in answer to the appeal was £310 15s., or, with bank interest, £311 15s. 7d.; whilst the total expenses were £291 4s. 8d.; leaving a balance in hand of £20 10s. 11d., which it is proposed to place on deposit as a nucleus of a fund which shall be available for purchases of Wiltshire objects for the Museum in the future. For this extremely satisfactory result the Society is indebted to many very generous donors, a full list of whom is given below. The one condition attached to the purchase by Mr. Brooke was that the collection should as far as possible be kept together and exhibited as “The Brooke Collection,” and he ex- pressed the intention of adding to it from time to time such Wiltshire objects as may come into his hands. In fulfilment of this promise the Society has already to thank him for several interesting specimens. Since the purchase of the Stourbead Col- lection many years ago the Society has made no such addition to its collections, and it is not likely that in the future, so far as archeological objects are concerned, it will again have the oppor- tunity of enriching the Museum to anything like the same extent by a single transaction. ‘The collection, though of course it 1s not comparable in value or interest with the Stourhead Collection, contains a large number of exceedingly choice specimens, almost wholly from North Wilts, some of them actually unique, and all of great interest and value as Wiltshire antiquities. It includes a series of fine specimens of Paleolithic implements from Knowle, a larger series of Neolithic flints, comprising celts, arrow and javelin heads, ete., of fine types, a number of rare and valuable bronze implements, including one of the only two bronze-founders’ hoards ever found in the county, and a series of Late Celtic and Roman brooches, and other objects, from the site of Cunetio and other localities near Marlborough. There are also many miscellaneous objects of later date connected with the county. More especially 476 The Purchase of the Brooke Collection. it has strengthened the Museum in the matter of Neolithic flint implements, a point where the collections were somewhat weak before. The set of excellent cases, too, are a great acquisition, and will provide exhibition room for the auchinolog icy collections for some time to come. EK. H. Gopparp. Brooke Collection Fund, Donations, 1916. aS uals Le Same Ailesbury, Marquis of.... 5 O 0 Forward 198 11 0 Aakellem a e set) 16) Me Millan, Rev. Canon. 1 1 0 Avebury, Lord OOOO Medlicott, H. E. Die (OO) Awdry, U.S... Beil Oe CO Merriman, R. W. PE he O Bath, Marquis of He Oa OHO Milman, Miss 2a O) Belly We Eleward) | 25,8010 Moffatt, H. C. Bb L0nnG Bouverie, E. O. P. ge Oh ONO Morrison, H.. 3.3 O Burder, A. W. N. 5 0 0 Newall, R. S.. 10 0 0 Butler, R. ie 6) Olivier, @dlonel JBL. De 2 iO) © Buxton, Mrs.... Boh ees OnmO Palmer, Gr IIL 5 050 Cook, Alfred ... RO © Penruddocke, C. ae SO) Coward, E. mp 2 2 0 Perkins, ev. (Casa 10 0 Canmimeton, Capt. and Peto, Basil Bien M.P. 5 040 Mrs. B. H. TORO OL O Ponting, C. E. Lo Le Currie, James IR OREO Powell, J. U. ... 1 ely Dartnell, H. W. i > © tadnor, Lady 3 0-0 Dionysos ae cae cL O) Rawlence, E. A. Lo Lipo Ewart, Miss ... i DO MO Roundway, Lord I lee Farmer, S. W. oe webs Sadler, AP laljsoo DONG mvamnennaes, Lorch =... & © © selman, J. ... 5 O Fuller, R. F. ... lO. OO Simpson, A. B. L076 Garnett, C. ee) ns aad) Soames, Rev. Gordon... 1 1 0 Glenconner, Lord Rete Oe Ob O) starky, Mrs. ... Hie: Oe 0) Goddard Reva ith Tigiaeq aly 0h 10 Stone, W. J. E. Watty 1 Age Gxocllewesl Wes, 10, 1G so OO Stratton, W. 3° 00 Goldney, F. H. 5 ALP ALO Talbot, C. EL. 1 20 0 Harvey, Dr. C. . kee 10 O Walmsley, J... “i QO O lalownloy, Cy lal, Si I. a. BS Oo O Ward, J. E. 1 10 Kendall, Rev. H:G.O. 1 0 0 Warrender, Miss ae ee 0 Lansdowne, Marquis of 10 0 0 Watson-Taylor, J.A.... 2 0 O Lawrence, W. F. Sate PaO) Waylen,R. F. . Sars eed fo) Leaf, H. ae oes ©.O NWalllisseisies\S anereee 50 0580 Leaf, Mrs. H.... ee il ella Wordsworth, Rev. Sub- Livingstone, Rev. Canon 1 1 O Dean 3.0 0 Manley, Rev. Canon F.H.1 0 0 Maskelyne, Mrs. Story 5 O O -_ £310 15 0 Forward 198 11 0 —EE 477 BRONZE IMPLEMENTS OF THE BRONZE AGE FOUND IN WILTSHIRE, NOT PREVIOUSLY RECORDED. SUPPLEMENTARY LIST (FEB., 1917.) By the Rey. E. H. Gopparp. [Previous lists of Bronze Implements have been given in Vols. xxxvii., 92, ASS) 8 OOD, 115), One of the most important items in the collection of Mr. J. W. Brooke, of Marlborough, purchased by the Society in May, 1916, is a “Bronze Founder’s hoard” found by Ernest Pile, a labourer, in the middle of a field near Manton Copse, in the parish of Preshute, on March 18th, 1914. Seven whole and two broken socketed celts were found lying together, with ashes. Nothing else is recorded as found with them. All nine celts have a brilliant blue-green patina, and several of them appear quite fresh from the mould and have never been trimmed nor have their edges been hammered up at all. They have consequently a rather rough appearance. (1) Socketed looped celt, a heavy thick broad blade and large oblong socket with plain neck moulding, from which three vertical lines in strong relief running on each side from immediately under the moulding extend three quarters of the length of the blade. The cutting edge is slightly widened. ‘This celt is roughly cast and lop-sided. It is in good condition and fresh from the mould. Length 43in., width of cutting edge 24in., weight Logozs. (2) Socketed looped celt, with large square socket and prominent shapeless neck mould, from half-an-inch below which two vertical lines in somewhat faint relief extend rather more than half way down the blade. The corners of the blade are also somewhat raised, It is roughly cast, apparently fresh from the mould, and pertect. Length 44in., width of cutting edge 2in,, weight 134ozs. (3) j i | \? b | | Wilts Obituary. 015 by the second, with his wife, survive him. He was brother of the late Sir John Astley and uncle of the present baronet, Sir Francis E. G. Astley-Corbett, of Elsham Hall, Brigg, Lincs. Obit. notice, Weltshire Gazette, March 15th, 1917. Rev. H. B. Bardwell, died March 19th, 1917, aged 74. Born Dec. 2nd, 1842, at Ipswich. Beginning life as an engineer, he qualified as a Baptist minister at Spurgeon’s College, and held a pastorate at Burton-on-Trent. Thence he removed to North Bradley, and came 42 years ago to Chippenham, as minister of the Station Hill Baptist Chapel, and afterwards of a body meeting in a chapel attached to his own residence. He was a Guardian for Chippenham and afterwards a District Councillor for many years, and took a prominent part on the old Local Board, and at the first election of the County Council in 1889 he became one of the two Councillors for Chippenham. This position he held with some interruptions until his death, and was a member of several committees of the Council. He was greatly interested in Education, and the Co-operative movement, and was a prominent Liberal leader in the town. Obit. notice, Wiltshire Times, March 24th, 1917. bo IN 516 RECENT WILTSHIRE BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, ARTICLES, &c. 3 (N.B.—This list does not claim to be in any way exhaustive. The Editor appeals to all authors and publishers of pamphlets, books, or views, in | any way connected with the county to send him copies of their works, |~ and to editors of papers, and members of the Society generally, to send | him copies of articles, views, or portraits, appearing in the newspapers.] | Fonthill Abbey. A Descriptive Account of Five | Water-Colour Drawings by J. M.W.Turner,R.A. | Compiled by E. G. Cundall. Privately Printed | for Ralph Brocklebank, Esq., Haughton Hall, | Tarporley. 1915. 7 Boards, 4to, 1141n. X 9in. pp., including title, 14 + List of Illus- | trations, 1 p. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Ltd., Printers, London and | Tonbridge. | | There are 15 plates. The frontispiece is a photo of a water-colour } drawing by Charles Wild in S. Kensington Museum, probably made | from a design by the architect, J. Wyatt, R.A. It shows the Abbey : with a tall spire crowning the central tower. ‘This was never erected. | Photographs follow of the fiveTurner drawings of the Abbey exhibited in | the Royal Academy, 1800, “‘ Afternoon,” “South-West View, Morning,” | “South View, Evening,” “ East View, Noon,” “ North-East View, Sun- | set”; and also of another Turner drawing, “ Autumn Morning (near | Fonthill),” now in the Whitworth Institute, Manchester. There are | photographs of prints of Fonthill House near the Lake about 1798, of | the 5 engravings of the abbey and successive houses given in Hoare’s | Modern Wilts, and of a drawing by Buckler of the abbey in 1822. A | photograph of the existing Ruins of Fonthill Abbey, 1915 completes | the series. The letterpress traces the history of the five Turner | drawings, one of which belongs to Mr. Brocklebank, mentions other | drawings by various artists, and quotes the account of Fonthill given | in Murray’s Handbook to Wiltshire, with a few notes from Hoare’s account. It appears that there are in the Sketch Books forming part | of the Turner bequest to the National Gallery of British Art some | slight drawings in pencil and a few in colour of Fonthill Abbey, a large | upright water-colour giving a nearer view of the Abbey, and one of | Fonthill House. Altogether the book is beautifully got up, and quite | apart from its Wiltshire interest is a charming production. | A Sentimental and practical guide to Amesbury | and Stonehenge [by Lady Antrobus]. Dedicated | to my mother, Georgina Alicia Sartoris. Seven- | teenth Thousand. Estate Office, Amesbury, | Wilts, — EE ———————S lee fecent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, &e. Buliy Cr. 8vo. Paper covers. New edition. Preface dated Sept., 1913. -pp., including title, 78, with map and 25 good plates [2 of Church ; 8 of the Abbey (House) and Grounds ; W. Amesbury House ; Lake House ; Little Durnford House ; 2 of Heale House; 9 of Stonehenge]. Printed by W. Clowes & Sons, London and Beccles. The first edition, published in 1901, contained 40 pp., with map and 15 plates. The second edition, published in 1902, had 43 pp. and map and 17 plates. There are, therefore, considerable additions in the new edition, and at the end a short statement of the claim, defence, and judgment in the right-of-way case tried in 1904 are given, and also 12 pp. of ‘‘ Pot-pourri,” on matters social, political, and poetical, which have for the most part no connection with the subject of the Guide. Stonehenge, To-day and Yesterday. By Frank Stevens, Curator of the Salisbury Museum. With Plans and Illustrations by Heywood Sum.- ner, F.S A. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co, Ltd. Price ls. net. 1916. Cr. 8vo. Paper covers. pp. vi. + 96, with 23 illustrations, plates, and cuts in the text. This last of the many Guides to Stonehenge begins with a summary of statements as to the structure, with references to the pages of the book in which these particular points are explained and enlarged upon, an excellent plan by which the seeker after information on any detail can at once find the page whereon it is treated. As a rule the in- formation is given clearly and accurately, and the various theories as to the use of the temple are put forward fairly and are not pressed. The drawings by Mr. Heywood Sumner both of Stonehenge itself, and of characteristic grave goods from the barrows round it, are of course as a whole both artistic and accurate, but he has made one curious and rather important slip in the sketch of Stonehenge on p. 36, in which the bank of the earth circle is plainly shown as.znszede the ditch. In one or two other points the statements of the book are open to criticism: on page 81, for instance, we read ‘“ Both Food Vessels and Drinking Cups are rare in Wiltshire. ‘Two were presented to the Salisbury Museum in 1915, both of which came from Hampshire. A similar vessel was found at Bulford in 1910 and is in the same collection.” Surely this gives an entirely false impression. If the term “ Food Vessel” is used in its technical sense, to describe the type of vessel known by that name in Yorkshire and the North of England, not a single example of this type has ever been recorded from Wiltshire, though a few small vessels which appear to have served the same purpose have been found. On the other hand Drinking Cups have been found more numerously in Wiltshire than in any other county south of Derbyshire and Yorkshire. Out of 291 “ Drinking Cups ” figured by Abercromby 22 are from Wiltshire, and the Devizes Museum alone possesses some 24 examples from this county. O18 hecent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, &c. On page 26 the “Bluestone” with the two mortice holes is spoken |7 of as “ The only worked foreign stone in the whole collection,” whereas | on p. 45 it is correctly stated that “‘ Quantities of small chippings from | the foreign stones were found in 1901, so many, indeed, as to justify | the claim that these stones were actually dressed on the spot.” On page 34 Mr. William Cunnington, F.S.A., should be Mr. William | Cunnington, F.G.S.—the former was Sir Richard Hoare’s coadjutor, and “ Mr.” Gowland should be “ Dr.” Gowland by rights. Mr. Stevens | also follows Prof. Judd’s lead in regarding the sarsens of Stonehenge | as derived from the Plain itself, and as he rightly says “‘ walls, gate- |) posts, and paving stones have accounted for many.” ‘This is perfectly true of the sarsen districts of the Marlborough neighbourhood, where | some small areas once covered with sarsens have been completely cleared | of them, but their fragments remain still and always will remain in the - walls and gateposts, and “ pitching” of stable yards and pathways, as evidence that they once existed, for sarsen is practically indestructible. | This evidence is everywhere, in every village and farm house between | Wroughton and East Kennett, but across the Pewsey Vale and on the | Plain where are the “ gateposts and the walls, and the paving stones ” ? They simply don’t exist south of Upavon, and to anyone who really | knows the two districts it must be sufficiently evident that sarsens of any size and in any quantity never did exist on the Plain, or the re- mains of them would certainly be there to-day. : Mr. Stevens states definitely that “Sarsen” means “Saracen,” an | assumption with extremely small foundation to support it. It is also | a pity to use the term Cromlech in the continental sense of a stone | circle. In England it has always been used by 99 people out of every 100 to mean what a Dolmen means, and it is surely a mistake in a popular Handbook to confuse readers by using a word in a sense in which it is not commonly understood. These are all small matters, which are only mentioned with a view to their possible correction in future editions—for future editions there | will be, of this very useful and compendious guide to Stonehenge. 1 Windmill Hill, Avebury, and Grimes Graves, By | the Rev. H. G. O, Kendall, M.A., F.S.A. Read at | Norwich, March 13th, 1916. Paper in Proceedings of the Prehistoric | Societyof Hast Anglia for 1915—16,Vol. ii., Part II., pp. 230—239 (1916), | with 5 good blocks of illustrations of flints from line drawings by the | author. Mr. Kendall argues that the whole of the flints at Windmill | Hill, including the great number of pieces of broken polished celts UP which are so characteristic of this site, are of one, or at most two, not | widely-separated periods, that the celts and the arrowheads are ob- viously of the same period as a great number of other implements which | in form and method of manufacture greatly resemble those found in |~ the flint mines of Grimes Graves, in Norfolk, though in size they are | much smaller. He argues that many of the forms which have been relied on to prove that the “ Graves” are of the “ Cave,” that is the Paleolithic period, can be exactly matched from Windmill Hill and other sites in the neighbourhood of Avebury, where as he believes it Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, &. 519 cannot be seriously argued that they are of any date previous to Neolithic times. This paper is intended to reinforce the defenders of the Neolithic as opposed to the Paleolithic origin of “Grime’s Graves.” Manuscript Bible given to Malmesbury Abbey Church, Some description of the four large MS. volumes given in 1914 by the Earl of Suffolk to the Abbey Church, and now preserved in the Parvise, is given in The Bristol Diocesan Mag., Sept., 1914, p. 303. It is generally believed that these fine volumes came from the Library of the Abbey at the Dissolution, and have never left the Malmesbury neighbourhood. They contain neither the Gospels nor the Psalter, and were probably intended as a Lectionary, the Gospels and the Psalter being in two separate volumes. This series is however complete in itself as inside the cover of the last volume is pasted a note in the scribe’s hand in which he states in Flemish, “I Gheraerdus Brilis, acknowledge myself fully satisfied, discharged and well paid by the Prior of Capellan, for the whole Bible which I have written for the Church, in four volumes both as to writing, pumicing, ruling, and everything I have done thereto. In acknowledgment of the truth thereof I have written this Schedule with my own hand in the year MCCCCVII. 5 day of May.” Capellan is probably Capelle aux Bois, near Brussels. The miniatures, in the best lemish style of the period, were executed some time after the manuscript was finished, czr. 1440—1450. Some Notes on the Town and Parish of Chippenham. By John Perkins. Articlein Ve Bristol Diocesan Mag., March and July, 1915, pp. 88—91, 238—242, deals with the history of Chippenham in Saxon times, and with the manors of Sheldon, Rowden, Lowden, and Chippenham, the markets, and municipal institutions. “Malmesbury and its past,” “St. Augustine’s Oak,”’ St. and “ Aldhelm’s Funeral Route,”’ are three sections of a lecture given by Bishop G.Forrest Browne to the Historical Association at Bristol under the heading, “ Local Historical Notes,” an abstract of which is printed in The Bristol Diocesan Mag., Feb., 1914, pp. 51—56. The Bishop argues that Augustine’s Oak, where Bede tells us the Britons met Augustine, was somewhere in the neighbourhood of Malmesbury, and he suggests “The Oak Farm,” or “The Oak,” at Down Ampney, two miles from Cricklade, as the site—or possibly ‘Gospel Oak,” where the ‘‘ Gospel Oak” tree stood, a portion of which is now preserved in St. Sampson’s Church, at Cricklade. Aldhelm and Malmesbury, a Lecture by Bishop Forest Browne, on the occasion of the visit to Malmesbury by the Swindon branch of the Workers’ Educational Association. Arestol Diocesan Mag., July, 1915, pp. 228—237. Swindon: the growth of the Churchin. A short article in The Bristol Diocesan Mag., May, 1914, pp. 169—171, gives shortly 520 Recent Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, Articles, &e. the dates and particulars of the building of the nine Churches which now serve the town, and the formation of new parishes out of the original parish of Old Swindon and the neighbouring parishes, since | St. Mark’s Church was built in 1851. Everleigh and the Astleys. A short article in the Wiltshire Gazette, March 22nd, 1917, tracing the descent of the estate. The manor, long the property of the Duchy of Lancaster, was granted in 1574 to Edward, Duke of Somerset, and after his execution to Sir Ralph Sadleir, Chief Secretary of State to Hen. VIII. who is said to have built part of the house which existed till 1881. His son, Henry, | succeeded and died in 1618, when the property passed to Sir John | Evelyn, of Wootton. In 1735 Sir John Dugdale Astley, of Patteshull | (Worcs.), bought the estate. The house, the greater part of which was | of early 18th century date, was burned in 1881, and the present house | is modern. Grittleton. The sale of Sir Audley Neeld’s Rembrandt known suc: | cessively as “The Burgomaster,” “A Portrait of a Jew,” and “The | Rabbi,” for a large sum to Mr. John Mc. Cormack, and its removal to America, 1s noted in the Zimes and Waltshire Gazette, Jan. 18th, 1917.9 Edward Yerbury, of Trowbridge. Two petitions of his to | Parliament praying for relief, with a statement of his property in | Trowbridge in 1645, and certificates in his favour from the inhabitants | of Bradford, Melksham, and Westbury, are printed in Wiltshire Times, | March 31st, 1917. Some Glimpses of British Regiments in Wiltshire | in the time of Frederick the Great. The Wiltshire Times, March 17th, 1917, gives various letters and notes as to the | - quartering of regiments in Wilts in 1757 and 1758. Lacock Abbey and its Owners. By Edward Kite. A good article in the Wiltshire Gazette, Jan. 11th, 1917, tracing the descent of Ela, Countess of Salisbury, the foundress of the Abbey, and the descent of the property from Sir William Sharington, the purchaser at the suppression, to his younger brother, Sir Henry, whose younger daughter married John Talbot, of Salwarpe, in Worcestershire, and conveyed the property into that family. Sharington Talbot, Sen., died | 1642; Sharington Talbot, Jun., died 1677; Sir John Talbot, Recorder | of Devizes, 1685, died 1713; John Ivery Talbot, who built the present | hall and dining room, was M:P. for Ludgershall and Wilts; his son, | John, died unmarried, leaving Lacock to his sister, Mary, wife of Dr. | Davenport, a Bath physician, whose son, William, took the name of | Talbot, and was the father of Henry Fox Talbot and the grandfather of C. H. Talbot, the late owner. Seend Church and Parish. A long and exact record of the | various stages by which the Church has been brought to its present beautiful condition, during the 43 years’ incumbency of Canon A. B. Thynne, who resigned the living November, 1916, is given in Wiltshire Gazette, Dec. 7th, 1916. ADDITIONS TO MUSEUM AND LIBRARY. | Museum. Presented by Rev. H. G. O. Kenpatuu: Fine Paleolithic flint implement 39 99 99 99 99 99 ~~ w ~~ b] from Chisbury. Sarsen pebble with Paleolithic chippings from Knowle Farm Pit, and many other Neolithic flints. Rev. C. V. Gopparp: Iron hobnails from feet of a Romano- British (?) skeleton at Fovant. Worked flints from the gravel at Holt Station. Rev. E. H. Gopparp: Bronze palstave and six stone im- plements from the collection of the Kev. C. V. Goddard. Mr. J. W. Brooke: Part of large polished flint celt and other ‘flints from Avebury. Razor with pressed horn handle, cer. 1815, from Littlecote House. Iron bit. Iron hand- cuff. Mr. T. Powerit: Flint implement of unusual type,{sfound near Knowle Farm, Savernake. Library. Presented by Mr. RatpH BrockLeBaNnK: “ Fonthill Abbey, a Descriptive ‘Account of Five Water-Colour Drawings by J. M. W. Turner, R.A. Compiled by E. G. Cundall. Privately printed for Ralph Brocklebank, Esq., Haughton Hall, Tarporley, 1915. 4to. Rev. E. H. Gopparp: “ Horez Decanice Rurales,” by Will. Dansey. 2vols. ‘“ Bentham’s British Flora.’ 2 vols. 1878. Many cuttings, scraps, and prints. Salisbury Diocesan Gazette. Mr. W. A. Wess: Note and photos on Old Bath Noad between Shepherd’s Shore and Bowden Hill. Mr. T. SHEPPARD: Martin’s Natural History of Wiltshire. Mrs. Story MaskeLyNE: a number of back numbers of the Bristol Diocesan Magazine. Mr. A. Grant-MrEK: Ten Wiltshire Road Acts. Mr. G. Cuivers. “A Course of Singing Psalms for use in the Parish Church of Potterne.” Printed at Devizes by J. Harrison, 1829. Capt. B. H. Cunnineron: “ Mr. Harry Jones, King’s Arms Malmesbury,” 1908. Portrait of W. Cunnington, F.S.A., first proof. Mrs. Mepuicotr: Wiltshire Gazette for 1916. Rev C. V. Gopparp: Salisbury Journal, 1916. THE Proprietors: Waltshire Times, 1916. Rev. A. W. Stote: Nine Wiltshire Deeds. 522 ERRATA. Page 14, line 31, for Mergarser read Merganser. » 20, 0.2 from bottom, for elephas read elaphus. » 93, l.17, for Herry read Henry. » 112, 2. 12 from bottom, for moument read monument. », 430 2. 10 for N. H. G. Andrews read W. H. G. 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Si: SULOOY S.JoyeVjoleg jo yuey Oy, ISTE eq Pp 8 F GG iD SG ‘OT6T “a9 ) ‘dNOZ LINSAWADAVINGA WAASNH a 526 L St tse L Sl 11eF a ee 2 ee Tl O1 0G a puey ul coureg § e (erp wt s[eyueprour pue ‘seseqsod ‘sulqUIig ‘ 9 8! FI ; SOSBO) dn SUI}IY ‘SUOG = OJVON “G ‘O ‘sassoy ‘ 9 Z1P SAZIAQ(T 0} SUOTJOAT[OH pur pue sesey sulAowed ‘oolq “YA “AN “ 0 0 OLZ 0-07 0m 3 a SI=1S17@ Pr CON 0 0 093°" e WO1499] te 10. We s qsedequy yueg “ 48[g 09d “[OD 4oF “oxoorg “MA “f “AN Aq “9819799 O ST OTE ** Se “ suoryeuo(T OF, = “9I6T p ‘8 F ‘SINAWAVd 9I6I ‘Di eS ag ‘SLdIGOad cre) : ‘GNOZ NOILOAIIOND FAOOU ‘Ad ‘NOSGUVHOIY “LV (pewbagy) L$. 796 ‘4001109 PUNO} puv slayonoA YIM poulwMexy & VP C&hs & VY G&tF Fe ey aes sas aa yuegq 4 gourreg Go sh rie ay fe Sodreyo [ese nO eas aa “* 99es B1yxe ‘UO0G 2 SeToU.) O- Fab. Sie qOoPLYOLY JO sosuedxe SuI[joavsy, La GLO _sonbeyo ‘eseysod “BUISIFIOA Pe ‘SUIJULIG 0 819 ee ; *** SalI} 9U04S 10} ‘e100 “fC 6 GC PF oe see s qsolojuy yueg TORS iece a ae “* siteded 10j ‘ueWpny “Yq “7 9 SI LUA" ge se “ suorsdtaosqng ps 5 ‘AYO LIGNAd Xa “ps F ‘SLdIIGOaY “ap ‘NG@Va FZHLIL NOAVYV NO Guoiagvud “tq INDEX Abbott, Mr. 34. Abramis brama, 260. Abyndon, Rich. of, 200. Acanthinula aculeata, 470. Acerina cernua, 259. Active (H.M.S.), 119, 412. Acroloxus lacustris, 472. Adams, H. J., Port., 309. dj. H., writings, 421, 465, 466, 469, 473, 496. Adder in Wilts, 258. Addison, Rev.W. R. F., V.C., Port., 430. Adye [Ady], Rich., 156. W. J. A., gift, 489. Adye, Mr., architect, work of, 101. Aiel, writ of, 78. Ailesbury, M arquis of, Gift, 476. Aisne, Battle of, 409. Alburnus lucidus, 260. Albyniaco, R. de, 72. Alcocks (Broad Hinton), 382, 388. Aldbourne (Awburne], 92. Buz- zard, 7. Church, bells re-cast, &C., 293, 294 ; illust., 306. Deeds, 134. Flint imple- ments, 431. Late Celtic and Roman brooches, 371. Lesser Redpole, 289. Mosses, 449, 450, 453—456, 459. North Farm, 272; Flint Implements, 312, 371. Persons, see Chandler, Mrs.; Chandler, Will. ; Gore, Rich.; Ivy, Hen.; Starkye, Mr. Quail nests, 12. Roman objects, coins, &c., 272. Smooth Snake, and Sand Lizard, 405. Woodchat Shrike, 3. See also Upham, Upper. Alderbury, Eoliths, 283. Alderton, Deeds, 291. Aldhelm, Saint, Arts. on, by. Bp. G. F. Browne, noticed, 297, 519. Aldridge, John, 447. Widow, ; 447. _ Ale Tasters, 133, 221. Alexander, Cl ie a Caledon, ? | | | | 118. Francis, obit., 118. Alexandria, 264. Aleyn, Thomas, 93. 527 TO VOL. XXXIX. Alfred, King, held Edington ? 292. All Cannings, Persons, see Medli- cott, Steph. Registers (with Etchilhampton), pubd., 511. Allan, Rev. Hugh, obit., 511. Rev. Hugh, Sen., 511. Allen, Miss A. M. and Mrs., 489. Allerton Bywater, 409. Allgood, A. M., 408. Allington (near All Cannings), Persons, see Parry, Joseph and Jos. Hen. Allix, Peter, 434, 438, 444, Almack, A. C. Note, 421. Almshouses, see Bromham. Alnor, Fulk de, 61. Alnwick, 416. Altar cloths and linen, Salisbury Cath., 31, 35, 45. Gifts, Alton, 510. Great Black-backed Gull, 11. Persons, see Benger, Rich. White Horse, 11. Alton Australis, Prebend, 38. Alton Barnes, 271. Manx Shearwater, io Persons, see Crowe, Will. (Rector). Alton Priors, ONL Alvington, West (Dev.), 270. Amesbury, 55; illust., 3C5, 393. Abbey (House), 114 ; illusts., 306, 517; Portraits, 311. Abbey Estate, Sale, 153; Par- ticulars, 392—394. “ & Stonehenge, Sentimental Guide to,” by Lady Antrobus, noticed, 516, 517. Black Tern, 11. Cold Harbour, illust., 393. Countess Farm, illust., 306; sold, 393. Coursing Club, 424, Earls(z.e., West Amesbury) Manor, owners, 424. Earls- court Farm, illust. 306. Gannet, 9. Guillemot, 11. House, illust., 306. Loach, 261. Lock- Up, illust., 393. Monastic Church de- stroyed, 395, 508. Monastery, 508. Normanton Farm, sold, 393. Persons, see Antrobus family. Railway to Bristol 528 INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. proposed, 313. Ratfyn Farm, illusts., 306; sold, 393. Red House, illust., 306; sold, 393. West Amesbury Farm, illust, 306, 517 ; owned by Wash- ington fam., 423; sold, 393. Amiens, 512. Amplystegium, species, 461. Amritsar, 117. Anantapur (India), 414. Ancient Monuments Board, cor- respondents for, 154. Ancylus fluviatilis, 473. Andover (Hants), 437. Rolfe and Whittier entries in Registers, Ze}. Andrew, Rob., 90. Andrews, W. H. G., Port., 430, 522. Anesie, Will. de, 61. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, authority of, 23. Anguilla anguilla, 261. Anguis fragilis, 258. “Anne” and “ Agnes,” inter- changeable names, 158. Annelida of Wilts, List of, noticed, 498. Annette, Mr. 483. Annington, 106. Anomodon vititulosus, 459. Antiquaries, Soc. of, Gift, 489. Antrobus, Sir Cosmo, sells Stone- henge, 392, 394. Sir Edmund, Ondibart. Lonteolleordebarts 114; 4th Bart., attitude as to sale of Stonehenge, 393; Obit. notices, 114,115,392. Florence (Lady A.), 114 ; Sentimental Guide to Amesbury and Stone- henge noticed, 516,517; Writ- ings, 392. Gibbs Crawford, Port. 3 Lieut., death, 115. Marianne Georgina (Lady Ade Appleford (Berks), 106. Applegate, F., Gift, 489. Aport, John, Mayor of Salisbury, 209, 230, 231, 242, 243, 244, 256. Arachnida of Wilts, noticed, 497. Arbuthnot, Geraldine, d. of Fitz- gerald H., 115. Archeological Institute visits Old Sarum and Stonehenge, 424. Archard, A. H., port., 429. Archers and Bilmen in Wilts, 1560, 131. Argonaut (H.M.§.), 116. Arkell, Laura, 307. T., Gift, 476. Arlegh. = Erly White Knights | (Berks), 165. Armitage, Miss ., 449. | Arms. Flint-lock Musket and: | Pistol, Gift, 312. Arnold, Mary, 386. f Arrowsmith, F., 423. (Mr.), 107. Arundel, Fitzalan, Ear] of, 508. Henry, Earl of, Property at Keevil, 100. Robert, 378. Sir Thomas, 322. Will., Earl of, 167, 178, 182. Ash, Edw., Committee man, 1643, 445. W. W., Port., 310. Ashbourne, 269. Ashbury (Berks), 106. Asheforde, John & Christina, 378. Ashleigh, Will., 209. Ashley (Capt.), 403, 404. Gabriel, 49. (Mr.), 48. Ashton Gifford House, 415. Ashton Keynes, Persons, see Aw- | brey, Mr. Ashton Valley (Codford St. Peter), Barrows opened, 1801, 397. Ashton, West, Persons, seeChapman. — F. W. and Mrs.; Doel, Li37 Keates, R. C.; Sheppard, Rob. Astley family and Everley, art. noticed, 520. Rev. Anth. | Aylmer, obit., 514. Dorothea, 514. Francis, 514. Sir. | John, 515. Sir John Dugdale buys Everley, 520. Marg. Lily, 514. Sarah A. L., 514. Astley-Corbett, Sir E. G., 515. Ashton Torald (Berks), [Aston Tirrold], 107. Aston, Basil, D.S.O., port., 429. Assize of Ale, 195, 212, 216, 329, 336. Of Bread, 195, 211, 212, 216, 336. Of Wine, 212, 216. Atherstone, 273. 2 | Atworth, Persons, see Brooks, A.W. |¥ Aubrey, John, visits Bowden, 112. | Writings, 492. Aubyn, Phil., M.P., 197, 199. Audelin, Will., Fitz, 58. Audley, Edmund, Bp. of Salisbury, enthronement, 33. | Augustine, Saint, his Oak near |F Malmesbury. art. on noticed, 519, |¥' Auk, Little, 11, 14. | INDEX TO - Aulacomnion androgynum, 456. Autographs of Wiltshiremen, in Library, 372. Avebury, 71; Notes on, noticed, 990, 291. Bromsden’s Manor and Farm, 290. Cell to St. George de Boscharville, 395. Church, Norman arches, cz. 1800, described, 395. Deer Horn picks found in Vallum, bought, 151. Excavations postponed, MONG 153-873. Flint Implements, 431,521; on surface, H. G. O. Kendall on, art. noticed, 122—1 23, 134. Human bones found, 1562, 290. Little Bustard, 12. Little Owl, 403. Manors, two, descent of, 290, 291. Manor House, Initials on front identified ? 291. Mollusca, 469. Persons, see Darling fam. Pigeon House, 290, 291. Priory Manor, de- scent of, 290. Rectory Manor, descent of, 290. Rectory, 290. Stone Circles, condition in 1800, described, 395 ; Neolithic, 288. - Truslowe’s Manor, de- scent of, 290, 291. Windmill Hill, Broken polished Flint Celts | common, 518; Flint Arrowheads, 312; Implements, art. on, by A D. Passmore, noticed, 131: Flints compared with Grimes Graves ONorm)ewe. arts. by: H. GO. Kendall noticed, 122, 518, 519. Avebury, Lord, 476 ; Life ‘of, no- | ticed, 125, 126, 134; Ports. no- ticed, 125. Averpeny, 193. ‘Avon River, 8, 9: Perch, 260. _ (Bristol Avon) Fish, 260. - (Salisbury Avon) 29; Fish, Chub, Grayling, Salmon, 260, 261 ; | Floods, 54; Scheme to Canalise, BF Avon Rubber Co., Melksham, 272. ‘Avons, Will., port., 310. Awbrey, Mr., 104, 107. jAwdry, Annie M., 408. Rev. iC. R. E., 408. C.S., Gift, 476. | Lady Kath. L., 408. ) Sir Rich. D., K.C.B., obit. notice, | 408. Rich. 'T. W., 408. jxeford, Manor of 97. Persons, | see Sturmey, John. Axford, Thos., 447. | fOL. XXXIX.—NO. CXXVI. WO SOOINe 529 Ayenot, Rev. W., 127. Ayscough, Will. (Bishop), Dispute with City of Salisbury, 227, 229, 236. Ayleswade, or Ayleswater Bridge, see Salisbury, Harnham Bridge. Azeca tridens, 465, 467, var. crys- tallina, 471. B., A. P., Gift, 489. Babthorpe, Mr., 107. Bachampton, Hamo de, 68. Bacon [ Bacun], (—), 390. Sir Francis, 351. Friar, 64. Mary, 384. Sir Nich., 329. Peter, 64. Rob., 63. Thos,, 383. Badger in Wilts, 18. Bagshot, Mollusca, 465, 467,470,471. Bailey fam., of Keevil, 100. Fran., 420. Canon Johnson, obit., 270, 271. Rich. (1. & IT.), 38. Will, 420. Bainton, see Bayntun fam. Baker, A. E., Port., 429. Alf., Writings, 108. Amy J., Writings, 299. Frances E., on Portrait of W. Windover discovered at Salisbury, 502—504. Fran., 387. Joseph, 387. Miss, Gift, 134. T. H., 269, 503 ; Catalogues Salisbury Muniments, 364; Port., ae Copies R egisters, 287. W. J. R., Port., 430. Bakesman, see Baxman. Baldenham, see Baldham Baldenham, Rob., 102. Baldham Mill (Keevil), owned by Bailey fam., 100, 102. Balea perversa, 471. Balief Haweridge Tithing,1643,447. Balgay, Dr, 106. Ballerd, Hen, 447. Ballsheath (Deverill), 130. Ballswood (Deverill), 130. Banam, see Banham. Bangor Monachorum, 118. Semalentn [Banam], John, 98, 157. Bankes, A. J., 7. Lady Charlotte JONWA ea Rev. Edward, 116. Canon Eldon Surtees, 434, 438,444; obit.,116, 117 ; Writings, 289, Lady Frances Jane, 116. “Banks” (Broad Hinton), 388. Bannerdown Ho. (Batheaston), 263. Banning, Lt.-Col. 8. T., Gifts, 372, 431. 2M 530 INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. Bannister, Annie, 126. Bar-tailed Godwit, 14. Barbastella barbastellus, 402. Barbel, 260, 262. Barbula, species in Wilts, 455, 461. Bardwell, H. B., obit., 515. Barford St. Martin, ’ Persons, see Waldegrave, Sam. (Rector) ; Wilks, Dr. Barlborough (Derbys.), 1:4. Barlow, Mr., 106. Barnes, Mr., 3. Barns, see Bradford-on-Avon. Barnston, Dr. John, gives plate to Salisbury Cath., 30, 31, 32, 37, 43, 45. Mrs., Gift to Cath., 31. Barnwel, Mrs., 50. Barrett-Hamilton, Major G. E. H., IG, Wz. Barrington, Bp., 52. Barrows, see Ashton Valley, Beech- ingstoke, Chisenbury, Cley Hill, Heytesbury, Knook, Norton Ba- vant, Upton Lovel, Warminster. Barrows, Long, Black Earth in, 399; analysed, 401. Skulls of Oxen in, 400. Stags’ Horns in, 399. See also Bowls Barrow, Heytesbury, Tilshead. Barry, Sir Ch., 514. Basset, Fulk, 419. Gilbert, 420. Isabel holds Salthrop, 420. Philip gives Salthrop to Stanley Abbey, 419, 420. Basset Down, bought by Capt. Edm. Maskelyne, 419. Descent of, 419, 420. Grounds altered, hill levelled, 419. Bath, 17. Sir [saac Pitman’s House and Phonetic Institute, illust., 109, 110. Bath, Bishop of, 93. Bath and Wells, Robert, Bp. of, 98. Bath, Marquis of, 268; Gift, 476. Bath Boad, Old, Shepherd’s Shore to Bowden, 521. Bathampton Camp (Som.), Wans- dyke, 295. Bathampton(Wylye), Snelgare fam., 132. Bathford (Som.), Wansdyke, 295. Bathurst, Ch., M.P., Writings, 299. Bats, species found in Wilts, list of, 16, 17. Notes on Wiltshire Bats, by G. B. Hony, 402. Battle Abbey, Bromham granted to, 104. Baudewyne, Adam, 380. Baudry, Hen., 197. Baverstock, persons, see Munsfield, | Mr. Baxman [Bakesman, Boxman], family pedigree, 65. Avice, 65. Joan, 64, 65. Rich., 64, 65, 67, 381. _ Biephs 64 64, 65. Baydon, Ptycodus tooth, 312. Bayliffe family, of Chippenham, art. | on, noticed, 294. Will. and Agnes, descendants of, 294. Baynard family, of Lackham and Wanstrow (Som.), 112. f property at Hilmarton, 128. Bayntun family, pedigree, 104. 7 Edw., 1643, 445. Sir. Edw., @ 445; buys Avebury, 90, 291; holds Bromham, 102 Sir Hen., dispute with Crown, 104 ; Statutes for College or Hospital | at Bromham, 313. Rob., sells Avebury, 291. Bays, Rich., 181. Beach family pedigree, noticed, 102. Will. buys Keevil, 100. Mrs. W. W. B., 102. Beacon Hill, or Harradon Hill ,gun the base of Survey, 286. Beanacre [ Binegar, Benacre], 508. Correct spelling, 128. Beard, Mr., of Hilmarton, 107. Beare family, of Cornwall, 184. (—) 382. W. T. A., Writings, | A424, Beauchamp, Chantry at Bromham, 104. Family pedigree, 104. 172, Charles, Port., 308. | Eliz., 91, 94, 95, 176. John | de, 75. Rich., Bp. of Salisbury, | 167, 284 : Ohaplain to the Garter, | Chancellor and Dean of Windsor, | 255; Dispute with Citizens of | Salisbury, described, 220, 230— 257, 319, 335 ; Composition with | Citizens, 202, 203; Enthrone- | ment, 33; Liber Niger of, 201, | 262. Walt., 91; 94, 95, 176. | Will. de, 76. Beaufort, Duchess of, Port., 311. | Beaven, E. C., and Mrs., Gifts, A489. Beckford, Will., 422. Beckhampton, Free Chapel, 290, 291. House,Galtee More Farm, | INDEX TO Wildfowler Cottages, House, illusts., 125. 454. Beckington, 273. Bedwyn, 64. Brails Wood, Mollusca, 468 ; Mosses, 452, 453, 455— 458, 460, 463. Brook, Mollusca, 466, 472, 473. Common, Mollusca, 468. Bedwyn, Great, Burnt Mill Lock, 473. Chapel Lane, 472. Church, Brass cross slab, 396; In 1800, described, 396 ; Monuments, 396. Forgotten hospital at, 380, 381. House of Dr. Willis, illust., 292. Mol- lusca, 465, 468, 469, 471—473. Mosses, 449—456, 460—463. Persons, see Baudewyne, Adam ; Bret, Walt. le ; Fitz John, Simon; Ponte, Reg.de; Prikepain,Steph., Willis, Tho. Polecat, 18. See also Dods Dewn. Bedwyn, Little, British Willow Tit, 3. Mollusca, 469, 473. Mosses, 455, 463. Bee Eater, 13. Beeke, see Beke. Beenham (Berks), 105. Beke [Beek], Pedigree, 164. Christina, 162. Eliz., 162. Isabel, Chancery case, 158, 160— 164, 168, 169. John, 396. Marmaduke, 163-—165, 167, 168 ; Acct. of, 166; Death, 167; In- quisition, 169. noch): Chancery Case, 158 160—166,167 —169,'176, 179—182; Will of, 165, 166. Tho. (II.), 163, 167— 172: Belford (Berks), 104. Belgians at Swindon, illust., 307. Bell, Clive (A. C. Bell), Writings, 428. W. Heward, 428; Gifts, 149, 313, 476, 489 ; President of the Society, 147, 154, 368, 373. Willonyx Mosses, | Bellacombe (Dev.), 117. - Bellamie, Mr., 106. + Bells, of Bulkington Chapel, now at Semington, 102. Passing Bell, Latin term for, 33. See Aldbourne; Devizes, St. Mary’s. i _ Bemerton Church, illust., 285. Funeral of Geo. Her bert, Bey, Paleeolithic Implements, a Persons, see Chubb, C. H. E.; Lewis, Mr. VOL. XXXIX. 531 Benacre, see Beanacre. Bendoll, Will, 447. Benett family, monumental in- scriptions at Norton Bavant, 400. Eliz., 400. Mrs. Ethel- bert, 400. John, 396, 400. John Tho., 400. Tho. Cie Ti. EE) 400: Will., 400. Benett- Stanford, Capt. John, "445. Benger, Beatrice, 7B, John (I. and IT.), ine Rich. (1. and IT.), 174, 177, 179—183. Rob., Chancery suit, 173—182. Roger, 177. Sir Tho., 174. Benmychree (H.M.S.), 119. Bennet family, of Salthrop, 420. David, 378. James, 285. John, 378. Thomas buys Salthrop, 420. Walls J Rort: 310. Bennett, Thos., ecorder of Salis- bury, 443. Benolt’s Visitation of Wilts, art. on, noticed, 508. Benton, John, 91. Benyon, Eve, d. of W. H., 513 Beresford, Hen. B., 409. John Jervis, obit., 409. Berewyke, Gilbert, 87. Reg. de, 68. Berkeley, Sir Maurice, 246, 250. Berley, 93. Berners, Lord, 178. Bernwood Forest, 184. Berry, Mr., owned Talboys, Keevil, 101, 106. Berwick St. James, bought by C. H. E. Chubb, 394. Berwick St John Church described, 396 ; Cross-legged Effigy, 396. Persons, see Pinkney, Mr. Berwick St. Leonard, descent of, 396. Persons, see Poton, Mr. Bessell (—), 105. Bethel, Hon. Mrs. Adrian, Ports., 310, 428. Bewley Court, 508. Bibliography, see Dickins, F. V.; A eee lone, Ga Be: Houghton, CO), Jak § lesen, Sir I.; Stratton, James; ‘Talbot, C, H.; Williams, Alfred; Words- worth, John. Bickersteth, Canon R., 434; Bp. of Ripon, 444, Bickerton, Mr., of Newnton, 107. Pa ay Rob., 532 Biddestone, Persons, see Wace, J. C. (Rector). Biddiscombe, J: R., 304. Biddlecombe,James, 56. Major, Port., 307. Biddulph-Pinchard, C. H., archi- tect, work of, 121. Bigge, Mr., 106. Bigges, John, 320. Biggs, H. E. J., Writings, 496. Bigod [Bygod], Kath., 80. Thomas, 78, 80. Will le, 76, 77, 80. Billett, S. H., Port., 429. Binegar, see Beanacre. Bingham, Rob., Bp. of Salisbury, 440. Builds Harnham Bridge, 195, 284, 357. Binney, E. H., Writings, 130. Bird [Byrd, Byrde, Brid, Bridde, Bryd], Dame Isabel [Eliz], 97, 98, 156—160, 162, 165; Inqui- sition, 159. John ({. and IT.), 96, 98, 156, 157, 158, 160. Birds, Collection at Bannerdown Ho.,263. NewNomenclatnre, ile List of Species occurring in Wilts, 1, 12 —14. Birds of Wilts, Notes on, by G.B. Hony, 1—14, 493: Bibli- ography of, 493—496, Bishop Middleham (Dur.), 271. Bishops Cannings, Bronze spear- head, 479. Church, illust., 289. Persons, see Lucas, Algernon; TS. Registers pubd., 511. White Mouse, 20. See also Bourton. Bishops Down, Salisbury, Snow Bunting, 6. Bishopstone (N. Wilts), Roman Bronze Brooch, 312 seret.- Bishopstone (S. Wilts), Manx Shearwater, 9. Prebend of, a2) 42) Shoveler Duck, 8. Bishopstrow, 396. House, 514. Persons, see Temple, Geo. and Sarah A. Bithynia tentaculata, 468. Bittern in Wilts, 8, 14, 111. Bittern, Little, 8, 13. Bittleston, Miss, Gift, 490. Bitton, Prebend of, 38. Bizley, H., Gifts, 314. Blackbird, 13. Pied, 6. Blackeap, 13. Black Grouse in Wilts, 404, 494. | INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. Blackland, Goldeneye Duck, 8. _—| Persons, see Ward, J. Ringed | Plover, 10. Blackmore, Dr. H. P., 10, 17, 282, | 403, 405; On Skull from Fovant, 499, 500: Writings, 283, 493. Blackmore Museum, see Salisbury. |) Blackmore Vale (Dors.), Roe Deer | re-introduced, 21. Blagden family at Keevil, 100. Blagden, Madam, 102. Blagden House, see Keevil. Blagg, Tho. M., 287. Blair, R., Gift, 490. Blake, Alf., 509. Hen., obit., 509. H. J.. Port., 309. J. H., 509. Nath, 382. Rob., 87. - Blakgrove, Hundred of, 92. - Manor held by Lovel, 92. Blanchard, Tho., 82. Blandford Grammar School, 118. Blandford, W. F. H., Writings, 498, Blasia pusila, 458. Blathwayt, M., Gift, 490. Bleak (fish), 260. Blewbury (Berks), 107. Block Books in Wilton Library, 129. Blodwyte, 193. | Blomfield, Sir A., architect, work bys let Blount, Anastasia le, 86. Marg. | le, 82—84. Peter le, 82—89 ; Inquisition. 85. Thos. le (I. and II.), 81—86. Blow, Detmar, architect, work of, | 123, 426. | Bloxam Copse (Bedwyn), Mosses, 456. : Bluet, Geo., holds Salthrop, 420. | Sir John, 507. Blunsdon, Burytown, Grey Phala- | rope, 10. . Blytheman, Mr. 106. . [20s Boar, Wild, in Wilts in 16th Cent., | Bockette, see Bokett. Bodington, Archdeacon E. J,, Writings, 130, 296, 300, 428. Bodman, Frank, Port., 311. J. W., Port., 429. Bodyngton, John de, 87. Bogue, W. A., Writings, 497. | Bohun, Jocelyne de, Bp. of Salis- | bury, Tomb, 57. Bokerly Dyke, 286. | Bokett [Bockette], Will., 246, 247, | 250, 256, 320, 321. INDEX TO Bold, Dr., Preb. of Salisbury, 105. Bonagre, see Beanacre. Bond, Capt. C. G., obit., 265. Rev. Gordon, 265. Herbert, Gift, 489. Bone implement, Aldbourne, 312. Bonvalot, 2nd Lieut. E. St. L., obit., 268. Books and Articles by Wilt- shire Authors, noticed, 299 —304, 427-428. Booth, Eliz., 412. Bordoun, Nich., 84, 85. Borough, “ charter created,” Borurechirche, Sir John, 178. Boscharville, St, George de, Ave- bury a cell to, 395. Boscombe, Persons, see Balgay, Dr. Boteler, John, 163. Boterels, Albreda des, 61. Botlers (Erley White Knights), 169. Botley Down (Bedwyn), Mollusca, 473; Mosses, 454, 460. Gt. Copse, Mollusca, 469, 470. Botsford, Lieut., illust., 307. Boudon [ Bouedonel, ‘Nich. and Alice de, 78, 79. ; Bourton [Bishops Cannings], 413 Bouverie, EK. O. P., Gift, 476. ~ Bowden Hill, Crossbill, 6 Bowden Park, Eouses at, C. H. Talbot on, 111—113, 508. Bought by Gab. Dickenson, 129. Johnson family at, 112. Owned by B. Haskins Stiles, 113, 129. Park made by Sir H. Sharington, 112. Bowe, John, 378. Bowen, J. G., Gift, 489. Bower, Mr., of Wishford and Wylye, 105, 106. Bowle, J., Dean of Salisbury, 30. Bowles, Mr,, of Tisbury, 108. Family owned Heale, 123. Will. (Canon), 47. . verses, 124. Bowls Barrow(Heytesbury),opened twice, skeletons found, 400. Bowood, Mosses, 456. Box, Kingsdown Ho,, 513. Persons, see Coles, Mr.; Mac Bryan, E. GC. & H. ©. - Northey, Capt. Anson & George. See also Cheney Court. Boxman, see Baxman. Boyton, Persons, see French, Mr. HOW Wie ke successive. Ole LOOCDS D3o | (Rector); Lambert, Mrs. ; Lam- bert, Thos. (Rector). Brachythecium, species in Wilts, 450, 460, 463. Bradenstoke, 424. Bradfield, 106. Bradford-on- Avon, 520. Abbey House, Stone G rating found, Ui, WAZ IS, Be. Barton Barn, Appeal for ltestoration, 148, 149; Conveyed to Wilts Arch. Soc., 148, 154; Estimate for repairs, 155; Repairs done, 3/2; Report on Repairs and List of Subscriptions,485— 490, 526. Belcombe Court, IhWistey W553 06: Belcombe Lodge, 265. Church, Shrapnell Monument, 423. Fossils in Chaning Pearce Collection, 293. Frankleigh Ho., 510. Kingston House (The Hall), 266 ; illusts , 108, 110. Persons, see Adye, Mr.; Andrews, N. H.G.; Archard, te Burder, A. W. N.; Butcher, Ey - Collinson, 8. Gi: Dagger, EK; Doddington, Je Douglas, Sir R. K. and Capt. 8. Fleming, C. E.S.; Hill, A. W., Ge wanda ks: Horton, cr Howell, G.; Jackson, SOA. Jones, ©.) J- and Wt,” H. C: Meade, Hon. Sidney ; Moulton, Alice, John, and Ch. Eric. ; Pearce, Chaning; Richardson, A. T. (Vicar); Richman, James ; Sma ewe wotathoncd aber: Tayler, Dr. H. C.; Thackham, Mr.; Walton, H. A.; Webbe, Will. Tithes, 129. Bradford, Rev. B. W., Gifts, 314. Bradley, A. G., Writings, 492. Hen., on derivation of Sorbio- dunum, 29. Brakspear, Harold, 128 ; Gift, 431 ; Repairs Bradford Barn, 148, 372 ; Report on Repairs, 485, 487, 488; Restores Gt. Chal- field, 120; Writings, 300, 427, 431. Brambling, 13. Bramshaw, 117. Brancaster—Branodun phan, PK, Brancepeth, 514. Branches for Candles, 46. Branston, J. G., Gift, 489. Brasses, see Bromham ; Bavant. Norton 534 INDEX TO Bratton, Baptist Burial Ground, 271. Grant’s Farm, 271. Persons, see Smith, W. J.; Whit- aker, J.S.; see List, 1643, 447. Tithing, Return for 1643, 447, White Horse, 292. Braundeston, John de, 199. Braunston, Will, 93. Bray, H.G., Port , 309. Braydon, 117. Gt. Crested Grebe, 9. Great Grey Shrike, 6. Montagu’s Harrier, 7. Shoveler Duck, 8. Wax- wing, 6. Bream (fish), 260, 262. Breamore (Caithness), 115. Breamore House (Hants), 116. Bremeridge Farm, 1643, 447. Brentry (Gloucs.), 118. Bret [Breth], John le, 72. Walt le, 380, 381. Bretherton, Ed., 416. Briant, Mr., 483. Brickenden, Mr., 105. Bridde, see Bird. Briddeserd, Manor of, 92. Brideoak, Rudolph, Dean of Salis- bury, Stall given by, 35, 38, 41. Bridewell, W., 136. Bridgeford, East, (Notts)=Margi- dunum, 27. Bridsor (Tisbury), 128. Brightwaltham (Berks), 107. Brigmerston House, 410. Per- sons, see Rendall, F. 8. Brilis, Gheraerdus, writer of MS., aly, Brinkworth Persons, see White, Mr. Brinson, Geo., 308. Brisk (H.M.S.), 412. Bristol Cross, 313. Dean and Chapter, property at Bradford- on-Avon, 129. Seymour pro- perty, 159. Bristow, Anthony (I. & II.) 384. John, 384. Britford, Church, Art. on, noticed, 507; Tomb of D.of Buckingham! 290. Cormorant, 9. Black Redstart, 6. Goldeneye Duck,8. Paleolithic Gravels, 283. White-winged Black . Tern, 4. BrithdwyrHall( Montgomerys),408. British Museum, Objects,16,17,259. British Villages, rare on Berks and Hants Downs, 287. VOL, XXXIX. Britt, Mr., 107. Britton, Mrs., 452. Britwell, Mr., 106. Brixton Deverill, Persons, see Mar- | mion, Mr. Broad Hinton [Brodchenton], 80. ‘* Alcocks,” 382, 388. | ‘‘ Banks,” 388. a Beale” a (field name), 391. “Bears,” | 388. ‘“ Browns,” 388. Doynel property, 84, 85. “Morgans,” 382) 387, Owned by Tho. Bennet, 420. Persons, see Britwell, Mie Stratton, Rich. ; List of names in Surveys of manor, 382—391. ‘* Pools Close,” 391. ) Two Surveys of the Manour — of, 1708/9 and 1751. By | Mrs. Story Maskelyne, 382 | —391. See also Littletown. — Broad Town [Brodeton], 87. Broadley, A. M., Writings, 124, 133. Brocklebank, alph, Gift, 516, 521. Brodeton, see Broad Wow, Brocklechurch, Ralph, 423. Brodie, W. B., 285. Brodrick, Rev. Alan, Obit., 117. | Major Hen., 117. Ellen | M., 117. Brom, Adam de, 78, 79. Bromehead, C. N. Writings, 496. Bromham, Arts. on noticed, 507. | Almshouses, 104; Statutes | of Sir Hen. Bayntun for, 313. Church, 104; Beauchamp Chantry, 104; Brasses, illusts., 104 ; Monumental Inscriptions and ‘Heraldry copied, 104 ; Plate, 104, Common Land, dispute, 104; History of, by W. A. W ebb, noticed, 104. Manor House, Old, Illust., 104. Manor, Hist. of, 104. Map of Parish, 104. Persons, see ae; 10) B. (Rector) ; Edgell, E. M. Bes Prowse, Brig. Gen., and | Capt. Gay: We Thorold, Sub.-_ Lieut.; Webb, Mr. Rectors, List of, 104. Rectory, Old, Illust , 104. Rom. Villa and | Road, 104. St. Edith’s Ho., | 409, 412; illust., 307. Wans- dyke, 104, "See also Oliver's Camp; Sloperton. Brompton, John, 95. . Bronze Age Skeleton, Liddington, INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX, 535 501, 502. Skeleton with Drinking Cup, Upavon, 312, 373. Bronze Implements of the Bronze Age found in Wilt- shire, not previously re- corded. Supplementary restored, 117, Persons, see Brodrick, Alan (Rector); Brough- ton, Lord; Fuller, C, E.; Gay, W.C.F. Broughton, Lord (Sir J. Cam Hobhouse), 509. List (Feb. 1917). By the Brown, David, 410. H., Gift, Rev. E. H. Goddard, 477— 489. Jane, 408. John 484. Awl, 480 ; from Wick, (I. & IT.), 390. L. J., Wri- 482, Celts, socketed looped ; tings, 299. Marion, 410. from Burbage, 479; Chilton Mary, 390. Matt., 408. Fohot, 482; East Kennet, 479, M. Y., Gift, 489. Lt.-Col. 483; Lambourne, 484 ; Manton, Walt. 8., Obit., 410. Will, AT7, 478, 480 (fig.); Moussaye 390. Brown & Margetson, (France) 484; Marlborough, 479 ; Messrs., 272. Newbury Museum, 484; Temple, Browne, Bp. G. F., Writings, 297, 483; Shalbourne, 483; of French 519, type in Brooke Collection des- ‘‘ Browns ” (Broad Hinton), 388. cribed, 482—484 ; suggested use Bruce, F. N., Gift, 489. © as currency, 484. Chisel, ‘* Bruce,” collecting Dog, illust., 307. tanged, Kennet, 482. Dagger Brun, John le, 74. Knife, Barrow at Knook, 400. Brydesworth, Manor of, 94. Dagger, Rapier-shaped, Og- Bryum, species in Wilts, 458. bourne St. George, 482. Buckeridge, G. H., Port., 308. Founders’ Hoards in Wilts, 475 : Buckingham, Duke of, Rising, 320. Donhead, 478 ; Manton, 371, 477. | Tomb at Britford (7), 290. Gouge, socketed, Teffont | Buckland, 105. Magna, 484. Lumps of Buckland, H. J., port., 429. Bronze, 480. Mould, frag- Buckle, Mr., 105. ment of ?, Coate, 479. Ob- |‘ Buckler, Drawing of Fonthill, 516. ject of unknown use, Dinton, 430, ‘““ Budget,” Derivation of, 71. 480 (fig.), 481. Palstave, Bufo vulgaris & calamita, 259. Bishop’s Dawn, Salisbury, 484 ; Bugg, Hen., 64. Dinton, 430, 481; Kennet, 479: Bulford, BronzeAge Drinking Cup, Marlborough, 482 ; Netheravon, We Church, note on, 397. 479; Wilton (7), 481, 52). Duke Family, 291. Sickle. socketed, looped, Winter- | Bulgea, Leathern Bottle, 70. bourne Monkton, 371, 482. Bulke, Rob., 376, 378. Spearhead, socketed, looped, §Bulkington,Annals of,MS. no- Bishops Cannings, 479. ticed, 100—102. Chapel, Broode, John, 378. Old, Bell now at Semington, 102; Brooke House, Westbury, descent | Site of, 102. Church built, of, 100. Tithing, Return, | 102. Manor, Descent of, 102. 1643, 448. | New Leys Field, 102. | Brooke, Alex., Gift, 489. J. Turpin’s Stone, Inscription on, bee W., Gifts, 431, 521; His Col- | 102. lection of Wiltshire Antiq- Bull, Will., Port., 309. uities bought for Museum, Bullar, Mr., 108. 1916, List of Subscriptions — Bullbridge (Wilton), 2 &c., 369-371, 474476; Bullfinch, 13. Bronze Implements in Col- Bullocke, Gilb., 169. lection described, 477— Bunston, Anna E, , Writings, 300. 484. | Bunting, Cinletss Corn, 6, 13. Wtooks, A. W., Port., 429. Reed, 13. Snow, Bs 13k | Broomhall, Ellen F., d. of John, 115 Yellow, 13. | Se (Manchester), DBI. Bupton, Freyne Family, 81. Broughton Gifford, Church Burbage, Bronze Celt, 479. 536 INDEX TO VOL. xoodx, = Mosses, 453, 454, 455, 458. Persons, see Sands, Hubert(Vic ). Burbidge, Sir R., Gift, 489; and Lady B., Ports., and acct. of, 311. Burcombe, 272. Burder, A. W. N., Appeals for Restoration of Bradford Barn, 148, 149, 155, 372. Gifts, 476, 489. Report on Repairs of Bradford Barn, 485— 488. Burderop, Glossy Ibis shot, 403. Burdon [Burdonne, Burdun], Agnes, 80, 81, 88. Egelina de, 74. John de, 75. Nich. de (I. & II.), 75, 79, 80. Rob., 68. Burford, Mr., 106. Burgage tenure, 190, 206. Burges, W., 440; restores Salis- bury Chapter Ho., 425. Burgis, John, 448. “ Burlers ” used in Cloth Making, 312. Burly, Dr., 4. Burnell, Will., Canon, 443. Burnet, Gilb., Bp. of Salisbury, 42 ; Character of, by Canon Macleane, noticed, 299 ; Sketch of Life of, noticed, 296. Burnt House Inn (Som.), Wans- dyke, 296. Burridge Heath (Bedwyn) Mosses, 452, 457, 458, 460. Burt, John, 448. Burton, Mr., 107. Burton Hill House, see Malmes- bury. Burton-on-Trent, 515. Burgage tenure, 191. Buryfield (Berks), 105. Rush, J. S., Gifts, 312. Bushton (Clyffe Pypard) Crucian Carp, 405. Bustard, Great, in Wilts, 11, 14, 283 ; Writings on, 495, 496. Little, in Wilts, 12, 14. Butcher, Chr., 447. Dy hs Port., 430. Fred., Port., 498. W. H., Gift, 319. Butler, Dan., 417. J.T, Ports 308. ee Guft., 476. S. Edith, obit., 417. Buttermere, Persons, sce Lodsham, Mr. Butterworth, Lt. Hugh M., Obit., 266. G. M., 266. Butwell, (—), 106. | Buxton, Mrs., Gifts, 312, 431, 476. | Buzzard, Common, 7, By Desert, in Wilts (error), Quem Honey, 8, 13. Rough Legged, lp les Bygod, sce Bigod. Byrde, sec Bird. Cadbury Camp (Dors.), 28. : Caddis Cases, Mollusca adhering | to, 465, 472. Cade’s Rebellion, DOT: Caillard, E. M., writings, 300. Sir Vincent, Gift, 489. Calder, J. & Mrs., Gift, 489. : Calley, J. iF 116. Lt. Oliver | Jey FOI. 116. Mrs., Port., | 429. Gen. T., 403. Calne, Castle Ho. 1963. sermons, 300. Ecclesiastical Manor, descent of, 129. Goo- sander, 9. Manx Shearwater, 9. Marsh Warbler, nesting, 404. Persons, see Aston, Rev. Basil; Baily, Canon Johnson; Powney, James & J. T.; Rum- ming, G: CaP. : Sheppard, Joshua: Styles, Ben. Haskin. Calstone, Grey Phalarope, 10. Longtailed Skua, 4. Persons, see Hadow, G. R. (Rector). White Mice, 20. Calvert, Rhodes, Gift, 490. Cambodunum=slack, 27. Cambray (France), 130. Camps, see Earthworks. Campylopus, species in Wilts, 452. Camulodunum (Colchester), forti- fications of, 27. Canadians at Salisbury and Salis- bury Plain, 1915, illusts., 305, 306. Candlesticks, Brass and Silver in | Cathedral, 31, 35, 44, 45, 46. Cann (Dorset), 417. Canterbury, Hen., Archbishop of, 92. Cappellan, Prior ae 519. Capelle Aux Bois (Belgium), 519. Capelyn, John, owned Lake, 290. Capercaillie in Wilts, 2, 14. Capital & Counties ‘Bank, origin’ | of, 270. | Card, A. i., Port:, Sie Cardiff, Burgage tenure, 191. Carex paludosa, 469. Cargill, Nich., 437. Carmarthen=Maridunum, 27. iy» Church, | | | 4 | | k | | | | INDEX TO Carp, 260. Carex, species in Wilts, 421. Carpenter, Archdeacon H.W., 414; Port., 308 ; Writings, 428. Joseph, obit., 272. Lieut. J. P. M., Obit., 414. Marjorie Oeaii4. Carr, Eleanor, 448. Carrington, BY , MS. Note Book, presented to Library, 372, 431. Carter, John, 420. Carychium minimum, 472. Jastle Combe, Dipper nests, 5. Persons, see Bullar, Mr. ; Gorst, os E, & Sir John ; Lowndes, E. - Smith, Mr. Bhsilb Eaton, Persons, see Smith, Castle, see Devizes. Cawsey, Will., 447. Caxton, Books printed by, in Wil- ton Library, sold, 129. Cecil, Rob., Earl of Salisbury, 348, 350, 351. Ceratodon purpureus, 452. Chadwick, H. M., 23 Chaffinch, 13. Chafin [Chafyn, Chaffyn,], Mr., 48, 49. John, 2A) Thos. 328. Will, Writings, 499, Chalcot Ho., 298. Chaldefelde, Walt. de, 71. Chalfield, Great, Church, Belfry illust., 122; restored, 121; Tro- penel Chapel and Screen, 121. Manor House, Bastions of 14th cent., 120; Restoration of, art. on, and illusts. noticed, 120 —129. Persons, see Warner, Rich. (Rector). Chalker, Ch., 413. Lt. Eric, Obit., 413. Chaloner, Col., 513. Kve, 513. Capt. Rich. G. H., Obit.,513. Chamber, Thos., 323, 324, 326. Chamberlain Family at Keevil, 100. Neville, Gift, 489. Lieut. H. excavates “ Coople Church, eNO, Chamfleur, Martin de, 69. Chandler, John (Bishop), 229. Rich., Archdeacon of Sarum, 443. Will., 312 ; Gifts, 371, Obit., 272. Mrs. W., Gift, 312, 371. Chapman, F. W. and Mrs., Ports., 430. fisaac, obit:, 417. Chard, E. J., Port., 309. VOL. XXXIX.—NO. CXXVI. VOL. XXXIX. 537 Charlestown in Pendleton, 277. Charlton, nr. Malmesbury, Hail- storm, 1915, 294. Charlton on Medlock, 269. Charlyng, Alice, 378. Chart, Great (Kent), 118. Charter, Eliz., Correspondence with Crabbe, and Port.,'124. Thos., 124. Charterhouse founded by Sir T. Sutton, 420. Chartists in Wilts, 132. Chatham, 263, 297. Chaucer, Thos., 92. Chaz, [bert de, Gravestone of, 508. Cheddar, 4th Wilts at, illust., 305. Chelsea Hospital founded, 42. Cheltenham, 450. Mosses, 453, 458. Cheney Court, Box, 411. Cherhill, 409. Persons, Plenderleath, W. C.(Rector). Spotted Crake, 12. Chester le Street, PR Ne Cheverell, Great, Greater Horse- Séé shoe Bat, 16. Cheverell Mill, Sale, 127. Cheverell, Little, Persons, see Gough, Mr. ; Warning, Mr. Sale of Village, 127. Cheyne, Sir John, 319, 322. Cheney, John, 246. Chicheley, Hen., Archbishop, 443. Chicklade, Persons, see Halliday, John and Maria. Chicksands (Beds.), property of Doynel, 73. Chiddingstone, 409. Chideock (Dors.), 117. | Chieveley (Berks.), 106. | Chiffchaff, 13. Chiffinch, Will., Port., 283. Chilcombe (Hants), 271, 272. Chilmark, Bats in Quarries, 402. | Little Bustard, 12. Per- | sons, see Flower, J. Snelgare | Family, 132. _ Chilton “alto Bronze Celt,, 482. Mosses, 456, 460. Per- Sons, see Morgan, Mr. Chippenham, 97, 230. Black Tern, 11. Bustard, 11. Deanery of, 288. Forest, Tron Smelting i in 13th Cent., 103; Matthew, s. of John, Keeper of, 103. French Prisoners at, 1796, 294. Garden in, illust., » N 538 INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. 306. House at, C. H. Talbot on, 111—113, 508. Hundred, 97. Ivory Gull, 4. Men of Wilts Regt. at Delhi, 305. Monkton, Bayliffe and Pleydell Families, 294. Notes on, noticed, 519. Persons, see Bardwell, Efe Be: Burly, Dr.; Eyles, Sir John (M.P.) ; Handcock, J.; Henslow, T. G. W.; Lodge, Hen. ; Lucas, H.; Tanner, H. A.; White, G. A. H.; Wilson, Capt. Evelyn Sh 2 Wilson, Capt. Geof.; Wilson, Capt. H. R.; Wilson, Dr. M.S. Sermons, 304. Town Pump, ironwork illust. , 306. See also Lowden ; Rowden; Sheldon. Chippenham (—), 242. Chirton, Persons, see Stockton, Mr. Chisbury, 18. Mosses, 451, 455, 458. Paleolithic Im- plement, ile Chiseldon, Camp (modern), 501. Persons, see Comner, John. See also Coate. Chisenbury (Enford), Earthworks, Barrows, Grove House, 397. Chitterne, Dotterel, 10. Chitterne All Saints, Old Houses, 397. Chivele= Keevil, 100. Chivers, G., Gift, 521. W., Port., 311. Chokke, John, 156. Sir Rich., 156, 167, 178. Cholderton, Ditches, 286. Kite, 7. Cholsey (Berks), 107. Chough, 12. Christchurch (Hants), 53. Christchurch, Rich. de, 197. Chub (fish), 260. Chubb, C. H. E., Account of, 394; Buys Stonehenge, 374, 393, 394, Church, John, 388. Church Furniture ,see Altar Cloths ; Cope; Houseling Cloths; Pall ; Plate ; Pulpit Cloths. Church Houses in Wilts, 508. Churches, seats assigned in early times, 48, See Aldbourne ; Avebury ; Bedwyn, Gt. : Berwick St. John ; Bromham ; Bulford ; Chalfield, Gt; Chitterne : Dil- ton, Old ; Enford ; Figheldean ; Lympley Stoke Milborne Port | (Som.) ; Nettleton : Norton Ba- | vant; Ogbourne St. Andrew; | Poulshot : Semington ; Stanton : F itzwarren; Stanton St.Quintin ; Trowbridge ; Wilsford. Churchill Estate, Lavington, 273. | Churchyard Inscriptions, Protest | against layingdown Tombstones, | 373. Chute Forest, 65. Forester, 64. Roman Road, 286. “Sculp- | tured ” Sarsen described, 286. Chute, A. J. L., Gift, 490. CGinclidotus, species in Wilts, 455. Cirencester Abbey owns Rectory | and Manor of Avebury, 290. Agricultural College, 510 Roman Fortress, 23; Roman | Road, 26. : Clanwilliam, Earl of, 510. Clarence Lodge (Surrey), 513. | Clarendon, Forest, Wolves in 14th cent., 18. Mollusca, 471. | Palace and Bank 1800, 397, 398. | Clarendon, Earl of, see Hyde, Edw. Clark, Rev. A. J., 412. Lieut. A. J. R., Obit., 412. i | 368. 2nd- Lieut., J. H., Obit.4 267. ae Wis 267, op Cy Gift, 490. Clarke, Rev. A. H. T., 300; Port.5) 310; Writings, 296, 300. Liscombe, Archdeacon of Sarum | 444, Miss M. Gilchrist, 507. | W. H. M., Writings, 300. Clarke-Maxwell, W. G., 188. Clarkson, Rev. if N., Port., 308. Claverton Down(Som. ih Wansdyke, | 296. Clatford Bottom, Mosses, 453. | Clausilia, species in Wilts, 465, 467, | ATi 473. | Clay, Dr. Chaloner, 417. Capt. | Vivian H., Obit., 417. Claygate, 408. | Clayton, Rich., Gift to Cathedral, : Clerk. Will., Art. on, noticed, 130, | Olerk- Rattray, Helen C., 263. Cleveancy, Badgers, 18. | Cley Hill (Corsley), Barrows and | large stone described., 398. | Clifford, Mr., 107. Clifton (Beds.) Hundred, 73. Climacium dendroides, 460. Clinton, Mr., 105. | ; INDEX TO Clothiers at Keevil build timber houses, 100. Clouds House, illust., 306. Cluerthe (Berks), 105. Clungeon, Eliz., 49. Clutterbuck, Lt.-Col. H. F., 417. Lieut. H. G. D., Obit., 417, 418. Clyffe Pypard, Badgers, 18. Bats, species, 16, 17, 402. Crucian Carp, 405. C.-album, 134. Persons, see Burford, Mr. Squirrels, 20, Stickleback, 10-spined, 260. Coate (Chiseldon), Fragment of Bronze Mould ? 479. Cob Cottage, illust., 426. Cobham, Hen. of, 200. John de, 84. Cobham, Frith Wood (Bedwyn), Mosses, 454, 456. Cobitis toenia, 261. Cockerell, John, builds Burton Hill Ho., Malmesbury, 420. T. D. A., Writings, 497. Codford, 152. Dotterel, 10. The Hut illust., 306. Persons, see Blake, Alf; Harding, T. H.; Knott, Mr. Codford St. Mary, Puffin, 41. Codford St. Peter, Benefaction, 415. See also Ashton Gifford Ho.; Ashton Valley. Cofyn, Pet., 378. Coggswell, Frances, 447. Coins, British Gold inscribed, Old Sarum, 28. Roman, Keevil, 100; Old Sarum, 24, 25, 26. Of Wigmund, Archbishop of York, 100. Grapta Coker, Eliz., 172. Sir Hen., gift to Cathedral, 39, 42. John, 172. Marg., 172. Rob., 172. Colchester=Camulodunum, 27. Colcoll, Canon, 194. Cold Harbour, see Amesbury. Coldwell (Bp.), 230, 250, 330, 364; Death, 342; Dispute with Citizens of Salisbury, 328, 331, 3$32—345. Cole, Dr., Preb. of Sarum, 105. Mrs., 48. | Coleman, Lt. F. C,, Obit., 267. | Coleoptera of Marlborough Dis- trict, List of, noticed, 498. _Colerne [Cullorne], Persons, see WO DOOIDS 539 Bellamie, Mr.; Reed, Mr. and Mrs. Coles, Mr., 106. Obit., 119. R. G.. Port., 308. Colesborne Park (Gloucs.), 407,514. Coleshill (Berks.), 107. Collett, Mrs., Gift, 489. Collingbourne Abbatt, see Giue, Mr. Collingbourne Ducis, Grey Phala- rope, 10. Little Owl nesting, 403. Persons, see Hunt, Mr. Wood, Glossy Flints, 431. Collingbourne Kingston, Persons, see Spencer, John (Vicar). Collingeburn, John de, 380, 381. Collins, Anth., 386. Ben., 285. Ben. C., 285. Cath. ,390. Kliz., 390. Francis, 390. H., Port., 307. Jane, 386, 389. John, 388. Rich. (I. and II.), 386, 388, 389. Sarah, 388. Will, starts Salisbury Journal, 285. W. G., Gift, 313; on Stone Grating at Bradford, art. noticed, 127, 128. Collisson, Cedric, Port., 309. Rev. 8. G., 309. Colston, Hen., 376, 377. Columbars, Avice and Will. de, 64. Colvin, James C., 115. Capt. Rob. Alex., obit., 115. Combe and Harnham, Prebendary of, Wills proved before, 206. Combe, Edw., of Bridsor, Descen- dants of, 128. Commont, Prof., 131. Comner, John (I. and II.), 391. Compton Basset, 409. Church Screen, illust., 289. Compton Chamberlaine, Carp, 260. Compton Pauncefote, 414. Compton, Sir Will., holdsSalthrope, 420. Comyns, F., 459. Connaught, Duke of, 512. Conock, 417. Conquest, John, 75. Constantiis, John de(Bp.), Charter, WS) Cook, Mr., 106. Alf, Gift, 476. A. J., Writings, 109. Edm., Gift, 489. Kdw., Gift, 3133 Obit., 504. Gwen. H., Ports., 311, 430. Carey, 4; John, 119. Persons, Ze Ne. 2 540 Cooke, Thos., Will of, 131. Cookham (Berks), 107. Coombe Bisset, 270. Persons, see Drake, Joseph and 2nd- Lieut. Percy A. . Coombes, Rev. A. H., 414. Lieut. H. W., Obit., 414. Coople Church, see Keevil. Coot, 14. Cope MoneyatSalisbury Cathedral, 41, 46. Copes used at Dur- ham and Westminster till] 750,46. Corfe Castle (Dors.), 117. Cormorant, 9, 14. Cornwall, Flint Implements, 427. Mosses, 450. Cornwall, Earl of, 77. Coromandel (H.M.8.), 273. Coronella austriaca, 258. Coroners at Salisbury, early refer- ences, 198, 221, 222. Coronership of Wilts held by Sylvester Family, 277. Coronia (H.M.S.), 263. Corsham, Church, Brass of Edith Matyn, 508. ‘ Dicketts ” (House), 418. Manor, bought by P. Methuen, 129; owned by B. Haskin Stiles, 129. Mol- lusca, 466. Persons, see Clutterbuck, H. F. and H.G. D. School, 509. Corshamside, Persons, see Fido, Elijah. Corsley Church, Order of Seats, 1635, 48. See also Cley Hill. Corston, 128. Corton, Snelgare Family, 132. Cory, Sir C. J., Gift, 489. Cosinage, Writ of, 78. Costow held by Thos. Bennet, 420. Cotele, Elyas and Rich, 71. Cotley Hill, 399. Cotswolds, Mosses, 453. Cottle, John, 448. Cottles House(Melksham),268, 514. Cotteleye (Dors.), 87. Cotteleye, John de (1. and II.), 85 — 89, 91. Nich. de (I. and IT.), 82—84, 86, 87, 91. Cotton (Bp.), 230, 338, 363, 364; Dispute with City of Salisbury, 342, 343, 349; Ordinances, 355. Cottus gobio, 259. Coulsfeld Loueraz held byserjeanty of taking wolves, 17, 18. Coupland Castle (Northb.), 412. iH t + INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. Courtenay (—) executed at Salis- bury, 244. Coward, Edw., 299; Gifts, 314, 476. Cowesfield House (Whiteparish), 133. Cowley, Earl, 293. Mr., 107. Cox, Leonard A., Port., 311. ; Coxe, John, buys Basset Down, 419. John H. sells Basset Down, | 419. Crabbe, Geo., “and the Villager,” | Art., noticed, 130; Centenary | Celebration at Trowbridge, 133, 302; Monument, illust., 133; Ports., 124, 133; “The Romance | of an elderly Poet” noticed, 124. Craighall Rattray (Perths.), 263. Crake, Spotted, 12, 14. ‘“‘ Cranborne Chase” by W. Chafin, | 492. Ditches, object of, 286. — Fallow Deer, 21. | Crane, 13. Crawley, R., 100. Crayford, 269. Creagh, Gen. Sir O’ Moore, 512. Cream-coloured Courser, 10, 14. Cricklade, Church of St. Sampson, remains of Gospel Oak, 519. Cross at St. Mary’s, 298. Deanery of, 288. Persons, see Allan, Hugh (I. and II.); _ Kinneir, Rich.; Maskelyne, | Edm. and Neville; Miller, Thos. | B.; Pinnock, J.; Withers, Mag Thames, Art. on,noticed,296. Crickmay, Mr., architect, 55. Crispin, Will, 71. Crixt, Mr., 106. Croc, Elyas, 61. Crofton, land given to St. J. Bapt. Hospital, Bedwyn, 380. Mollusca, 471, 472. 459. Crofton, John, 93. Cromehall, Thos., 167, 178. Cromlech, meaning of, 518. Crook, I., 393. Croome, John, 447. Crossbill, 6, 13. Cross Keys Inn (Som.), 296. Crosse, Mr., 107. : Crosses, see Cricklade St. Mary’s; | Keevil; Stanton Fitzwarren. Crossfield, J. D., 368. Crow, Carrion, 12. Yrow, Rev. Will, 124. Croydon, 115. Mosses, | Hooded, 12. | INIDIDDC 90) WO OO OURS 541 Crudwell, Hailstorm, 1915, 294. Persons, see Gleed, James ; Pinckett, Mr. Cryphzea heteromalla, 454, 459. Cuckoo, 13. Culley, Capt. C. G. M., obit., 412. Wl, Re Mrs., 412. Culpepper, Mr., 106. Cunner (Berks), 106. Cundall, E. G., Writings, 422. Cunetio, Roman Remains, 371, 475. Cunliffe, Harry P. and Saffron, 267. Cunnington, Capt. B. H. and Mrs., excavate Lidbury Camp, 154; Gifts, 312, 430, 476, 489, 521; Meeting Secretary, 153; on War Service, 152, 474. Mrs., 371, C. H., work at Museum, 136. 151. Edw., 430. Will. (F.G.S.), 518. Will. (F.S.A.), 518 ; excavates barrows, Wc., 395, 396, 397, 399, 401; Port., 421. Curlew, Common, 14, 289, 494 ; Nests in Wilts, 404. Currie, James, Gift, 476; Writings, 300. Curry, Mrs., 48, 49. “Cursor Mundi,” 425. Curteys, Mr., 105. Curzon, Viscount, Gift, 489. Cynric defeats Britons, 23. Cyprinus carpio, 260. Dace, 260. Dadson (—), Port., 310. Dagger, E., Port , 429. Dagnel, see Doynel. Dalrymple-Clark, I. H.W.S., Obit., 412, Dalston (Cumb.), 417. Daniel [ Danyell] Family, of Marl- borough, 42. Geof., Gift to Cathedral, 39. Thos. and Alice, 377. Daniells, Herb., 428. Danlow, Mr., 107. Dardanelles, battles, 264—266. ’ Darell, Eliz., 172,173. Geo., 173. Darling Family, Portraits noticed, 125. uike,, NO, Sam, ‘“* Reminiscences,” noticed, 125. Darnix=Damask, deriv. of, 31, 36. Darrington (Yorks.), 114. Dartford Warbler, 13. Dartnell, H. W. and Miss, Gifts, 134, 476. Darwin, Sir Francis, Gift, 489. Dashwood, Marianne G., d. of Sir Geo., 114. Dauglish, G. H., Gift, 489. Dauntsey House, property, 267. Sale at, 152. Davenant, John, Bp. of Salisbury, 30. Mrs., 48. Davenport, Mary, w. of Dr., 520. David, Rev. W. H., Writings, 280. Davis, Alb. J., Port., 308. Davy, Capt., Gift to Cathedral, 44, 46. Dawson, A. J., gift, 490. Dayman,Canon K. A.,writings,280. Daynell, see Doynell. “De vetito namio ” actions, 195. De Winton (Alberta), 409. Deacon, Hen. J., Obit., 416. Thos., 448. T. Hooper, 307 ; Obit., 119. Widow, 448. Dean, West, Persons, see Wells, E. (Rector). Deane, Hen., Bp. of Salisbury and Archbishop of Cant., 170, 171. Deer, Fallow, in Groveley, Cran- borne Chase, &c., 20, 21. Red, in Savernake, 20. Deinel, see Doynel. Deiniol [Daniel], (Saint), 70. Delamere, John, 71. Delhi, 4th Wilts Regt. at, illust., 304, 305. Dell, Mr., 3. Denham, Sir John, 167, 178. Dennis, Thos., 504. Dent, G., 5, 19. Derham, Elias de, 442, 443; archi- tect of Cathedral, 56; builds Leadenhall, 434; disposes of his house, 440, 441. . Derneford, Rich. de, property at Huish, 66, 67. Derwent, Lord, 512. Devenish, Major A. H. N., Obit., 410, 418. M. H., 418. M. H. W., 410. Devizes, 84, 90. Ale Taster and Bellman, 133. Associa- ted Householders,” 1798, 133. Bat, Lesser Horseshoe, 16. Bear Hotel, 277. Castle, Gateway and Ho,, illust., 306; MS. Notes and Drawings by E. H. Stone, 314, 421. Sale Particulars, 1914, noticed, 132. Church of St. John, Sermons, 300, 302. Church of St. Mary, 542 INDEX TO VOL, XXXIX. Bells, proposal to re-cast, op- posed, 131, 296; Bells re- hung, 296, 300. Field Club, 514. Loyal Volunteers, 1798— 1801, 133. Market Place, 1816, illust., 299. Men of Ath Wilts at Poona, illust., 305. Manor and Borough in hands of Crown, 133. Mollusca, A71. Devizes Museum and _ Library, additions to, 134, 312, 480—432, 480, 521. Bronze Imple- ments, additions, 477—480; In Brooke Coll. described, 481 —484 (figs.) Brooke Collection bought, 474— 476. Cases bought, 475. Confined to Wiltshire ob- jects, 368, 369. Electrotypes of gold ornaments of Bronze Age made and exhib., 136, 151. Ethnological objects, sale of sanctioned, 368, 369, 372. Geological Coll. rearranged, 151. Lepidoptera,Coll. of, founded, 514. Maintenance Fund, HOt, SIL, Sab. Objects, 7, SO, Wes, OL Stourhead Collection, 475. Theft of Maori Feather Box, 149, 151, 370. Devizes,Persons,see Baker, W.J.R.; Clarke, AN Jal, TT Olarke, Miss, : Cook, Edw. ; Everett, Will. ; Green, Herb. and W. E. G.; Johnson, Geo. (M.P.) ; Llewellin, John and Edith G.; O’Reilly, H. W.and T. G. ; Rogers, Ruth ; Sainsbury, Ch.; Simpson, Geo. (I. and II.); Skyrme, F. E. and R. E. E.; Sloper, Mr. ; Stone, E.H.; Waylen, G.S.A.; Wilshin, John; Wiltshire, David. Town Crier’s Costume, art. on, noticed, 133. Devizes Gazette, origin and history © of, 285, 298. Dew Ponds, method of making, described, 287. Dewell, Tim, owns Burton Hill, 420. Devonshire, Duchess of, 429. Dialect, Wiltshire, 117. Dian, Mr., 105. Dickenson, Lt. A. G. N., Obit., 413. Rev. L. G., 413. Dickens, F., V., C.B., Obit. and List of Writings, 273—277, 313. Mrs., 277 ; Gifts, 313. Thos., 273. Dickinson, Bernard, builds Bowden House, 113. Ezekiel, buys Bowden, 113, 129. Dicranella, species in Wilts, 452. Dicranoweisia cirrata, 452. Dicranum, species in Wilts, 452, 453. Dickson, Gen., alters Keevil Manor House, 102. Dickson Poynder, Hon.Joan, Ports., 311, 430. Dillworth, Mr., 105 Dilton, Persons, see Mattock Fam. Tithing, Return for 1643, 448. Dilton, Old, Church, Inscriptions printed, 425. Dilton Marsh, Persons, see Daniells, Herb.; Davis, A. J.; Ledbury, B.; Pearce, H. H. F. Dimont, Canon C.1T., Writings,00. Dinan (Brittany), Bronze Celt, 484. Dinton, 409, 499. Bronze Imple- ments, 480 ; Object of unknown use, 480 (fig.), 481. Mollusca, notes on, noticed, 496. Persons, see Engleheart, G. H.; Roberts, Mr. Dipper, 5, 6, 13. Diptera of Marlborough District, Lists of, 289, 497. Dismier, M., 450, 457. Disney, Lieut. H. A. P., 421. Ditchampton House, 265. Ditrichum flexicaule, 452. Diver, Black-Throated, 14. Great Northern, 10, 14. Red- Throated, 10, 14. Dixmude, 94, oy Dixon, Capt. Ch. R., “Obit., 464. Hi. N., 451, 454, 457, 462, 464 ; Writings, 449. ef Be 264 ; Gift, 476. Dobbs, Mr., 106. Doddington, James, Port., 311. Dodo (name), 70. © Dods Down Brickworks (Bedwyn), Mollusca, 468, 469, 470. Mosses, 451, 452, 455, 456, 457, 458, 461, 463, 464. Doel, Leonard, Port., 430. Dogdean, Little Owl, 403. Doihnel, see Doynel. Doinsuel, see Doynel. Doisnel, see Doynel. Dolman, James, Poems by, noticed, 299, 314. INDEX TO Dolmen, Carnac, 286. Domhnall (name), 70. Dominick, Mr., 108. Donel, see Doynel. Donhead, Bronze Founder’s hoard, 478. Donhead St. Andrew, Persons, see Cooke, Thos. ; Mostley (— )), Donhead St. Mary, Persons, see _ Rogers, Mr. _ Donne, Dr., rings given to friends, 126. Donner, Capt. E. R., Obit., 411 lala leas eal Donyel, see Doynel. Dorchester, 116. Sarum, 195. 26, 27. Dorgnel, see Doynel. Dorling, E. E., 40. Dormouse, 19. Dorneck= Tournay, 36. Dorrell, Mr., 104. Dotterell, 10, 14. Dove, Rock, ‘14, Turtle, 14. Douglas, Sir Rob. K., 265. Capt. Sholto, Obit., 265. Road to Old Roman Rd., Will. (Canon), 124. Will, Archdeacon of Wilts, 444. Doun (name), 70. Dowden, J. K., Obit., 416. Dowding, Jobn, 285. Downton, Agricultural College founded, 510. Black Red- start, 6. Church, Art. on, noticed, bOm, Floods, illust., 305. Garganey, § Greenland Falcon, 3. Grey Phalarope, 10. Little Owl nesting, 403. Marsh Harrier, Ws Moot House, illust., 307. Persons, see Astley, A. Ae Bon- valot, E. St. L. ; Coombs, A. H. Dickinson, oes View): sion gan, Rich.; Rolfe, John: Whit- tier, John ; Wrightson, Prof. J.. Redshank nests, 5. Rolfe Family in Registers, 298. Salmon at, 261. Snipe nesting, 11. Trout of 16lbs., 261. Waxwing, 6. Wick House, 268. See also Hampt- worth; Pensworth. Doynel [Dagnel, Daynel, Deinel, Doignell, Doihnel, Doinsuel, Doisnel, Donel, Donyel, Dorgnel, Doygnel, Duinel, Duisnellus, VOL. | YOO, 543 Duynel] Family and Huish, A. S. Maskelyne on, 58— 99: of Cornwall, 184; of Notts, 184; Origin of name, 70; Pro- perty, 58. Agnes, 80—88 ; Inquisition, 84. Alice, 64, 65. Anastasia, 81, 86. Clarice, 66. Ermengard, 184. Geof., 70; holds Huish, 66. Joan, 64, 65. John, of Co. Herts, 184. John of Misterton (Notts), 184. John of Yorks, 184. Juliana, 58. Mleveen, 7, {308 Property, 72, 73. Peter, 97. Sir Peter, 88, 89; Acct. of, 72—74; Inquisition, 83; Pro- perty, 77—87, 184. Rob., 58, 68, 70; holds E. Grafton, 65 ; holds Huish, 59—62, 66, 71 ; by serjeanty, 67, 69; the Marshal, 62, 63 ; Writ for Exors., 183. Rog., 68, 69. Silvester, 67, 71, 80, 81, 83, 86 ; Property, 71— es Thos. of Misterton, 184; of Notts, 184. Walt., Pro- perty in Cornwall, 184. Warin holds E. Grafton, 61, 62, 65. Will of Misterton, 184; of W. Retford, 184. Drake, Mr., of Fyfield, 106. Harold W., Port., 307. John, Gift to Cathedral, 38 ; Epitaph, 42, Jos., 418. 2nd Lieut. Percy A., Obit., 418. Rich., Chancellor of Sarum, 30, 38, 42, 47, 49, 50 ; Gift to Cathedral, 44. Draper, Edw., 385. Geo., 385. Jos., 385. Mary, 385. Rebecca, 388. Thos., 388. Draycot Cerne, House, Furniture, Sale Catalogue, noticed, 293, 313. Legend of the White Handi 29k Persons, see Awdry, C. R. E. (Rector) ; Aw- dry, Sir R. D. Draycot Fohot, Glossy Ibis, 403. Drayton (=Draycot 2), 38. Drayton Beauchamp (Bucks), 76, te Drayton Parslow (Bucks), 73. Dreissensia polymorpha, 472. Drew; L. V.) Port. 311: Driefontein «© Africa), 410. Drogheda, Burgage tenure, 191. Droitw ich, 272. Dronfield, ‘Battle Of Solu. 544 INDEX TO Drope, Mr., 106. Drueys, Geo., 64. Drury, Susanna, 385, 389. Thos., 385. Druval, see Durivale. Du Boulay, Rev. F. H., Gifts, 431. Dublin, fighting, 413. Ducket, Mr., of Fonthill, 105. Ducks, Common Eider, 14. Ferruginous, 14. Golden Eye, 8. King Eider, 2, 14. Long Tailed, 14. Scaup, 8,14. Tufted, 8, 14. Wild, 493. Dudley Castle, work of Sir W. Sharington, 200. Dudley, Sir John, Chancery Suit, 177, 179, 181—182. Dudman, Thos. & Joanna, 378. Dugdale, Mr., of Poulshot, 105. Duinel, see Doynel. Duisnellus (Doynel), meaning of name, 66. Duke family of Bulford, 291 ; of Lake, arts. on, noticed, 289, 291 ; Pedigree, 290, 291. Anne, 291. Edw. (1. & II.), 290, 291. Eliz., 291. Geo. (1. & IL.), 290, 291. John, 290. Michael, 290. Rich., 291. R. E. H., Writings, 289, 292. ods (le. JUL INL BOM. Dunch Family at Avebury, 291. Debora, 291. Walt., 291; owns Avebury, 291. Will. (1.) buys Priory Manor, Avebury, 290; Will. (II.) owns Truslowe Manor, 290. Dunford, W., Port., 310. Dunlin, 10, 14. ‘*Dunum,” Celtic place names end- | mean 2te Duppa, Brian, Bp. of Salisbury, 37. Durance (material), 31, 35. Durham Cath., Copes, 46. Durivale [Druval] Hawys, Nich. & Rob., 75. Durley House, 270. 455. Durnford, Prebend, 39. Durnford, Gt., see Salterton. Durnford, Little, House, illust., ailve Persons see Devenish, M. H. W. Durrington, Interment found, 373. Manor owned by Sir R. oe 297. Sisymbrium irio, 405. Mosses, VOL. XXXIX, Duuiniol, see Doynel. Duynel, see Doynel. Dyer, Harry, Port., 307. Port., 308. Dyfnual (name), 70. Eagle, White ‘Tailed, 7, 13. Earle, Anne, 420. Bridget, 45 ; Gift to Cathedral, 37,44; Port. | Al. Rev. C. S., Writings, . W.F., 300. John, Bp. of Salisbury, death, 41. Earlscourt (Wanborough), see Erdescote. Earnely, Rich., 447. Earney, Will. E., Port., 309. Earthworks: Camps,&c., see Beech- ingstoke ; Cadbury (Dors.) ; Chisenbury; Cley Hill; Lid- bury ; Maiden Castle (Dors.) ; Old Sarum ; Oliver’s Castle. Ditches, see Bokerley ; Grims- Ditch ; Sidbury ; Wansdyke. Eastbourne, 117. EKastcourt, 267. House (Crud- well). Persons, see Randolph, Mrs. Hail Storm, 1915, 294. Easter Fire at Salisbury Cath., 57. Easthampstead (Berks),Manor and Park, 166. Easton Grey, Persons,see Beresford, J.J. (Vicar). Easton Piercey, 263. Eastwell (Potterne), 422. Eckington (Derbys), 114. Edgell, Rev. E. B., 409. Rev, K. M. R., Obit., 409. Eddington (Berks), Site of Ethan- dune ? 292. Edington (Som.), Derivation, Site of Ethandune ? 292. Edington (Wilts) = Ethandune, 292. Bequeathed by Alfred (2), 292. Granted to Rom- sey Abbey, 292. Hoopoe, ie Storm Petrel, 9. Mol- lusca, 466. ‘Murder of Bp. Will. Ayscough, 227. Edmiston, Lieut., Marriage, 305. Edmonds, Mrs., 48. Edmundez, John, 163. Edw. [V., 375, 377. Edw., P. of Wales, 84. Edwards, Ann, 448. John, 448 W.T. A. owns Burton Hill, 420. Eeks, Mr., 106. Kel, 261. INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. 545 Effigies, at Berwick St. John, 395 ; at Figheldean, 398; at Gt. Bed- wyn, 396. Cross-legged, 395, 396. Egerton, Ld. Chancellor, 32. Egremont, borough dues, 207. Fisey, 118. Ekins, C., Canon of Salisbury, 47. J., Dean of Salisbury, 47. Eknolle, Ralph de, 7 Elcombe Manor held by Lovel, 92. Elcott[ Elcote](Marlborough) Mill, Mollusca, 473. Seymour property, 167, 174, 176, Wi, 179 =H, Eldon, Ld. Chancellor, 116. 2nd Earl of, 117. Eliz. & Isabel, identical names, 158. Elkins, John, Port., 307. Ellesmere, Lord, 348. Elliott, Herb.; Port., 311. Ellis, Mr., 107. Ellison, Avth., Wedding, 307. Elsham Hall (Lincs), 515. Elvetham (Hants), 173. Elwes, Constance L. ,514. di Jabs 407, 514. Elyott, Will, Chancellor of Sarum, me 443. Emborne (Berks), 107. Ena obscura, 473. _Enamelled Brass Fire Dogs, Dray- cot, 293. | Encalypta, Species in Wilts,455,456. _Enford= Edensfordesmere, 398. Church, fall of Spire, and rebuilding, 398. Persons, see Dalrynmiple-Clark, I. H. W. S. Mundy, Miss; Powell, Mr. | _ See also Chisenbury ; Lidbury. | England (—), Organ builder, 127. i John and Eliz., 388. _Engleheart, Rev. G. BL, Gifts, 430, 480. On Burials, prob- ably Rom.-Brit., at Fovant, 499. On Rom.-Brit. | _ Cemetery at Imber, 500, i 501. Englisheombe (Som.), Wansdyke, | 296, Erchfont, Marsh Harrier, 7. Erdescote [ Karlscourt, Wan- | borough, now Little Hinton]. | Manor of, 90—94, 97; Descent 5 of, 85—88 ; held by Peter Doy- | nel, 184 ; by John de Garton, 89; | by Lovel, 91, 92, 167. ‘/OL. XXXIX.—NO. CXXVI. | Krleigh [Erley], White Knights (Berks) Manor, descent of, 158, 165, 166, 168, 169. Erlestoke, 406. Cream-coloured Courser, 10. Erley, Rob., 97. Ermine Street, 130. Errington Family owned Heale,123. Kson, Mr., of Shalbourne, 107. Esox lucius, 261. Esserugg, Maud de, 74. Estbury, John, 85. Estcourt (Gloucs.), 114. Estcourt Family own Burton Hill, 490, Anne, 420. Anne Eliz, 114. Rev. E. H. B. 114. Rev. Edm. Walt., 114. Lord, see Sotheron-Estcourt, G. T. J. Monica, 114. Kston, Prior of, owns Advowson of Stapleford, 173. Eston, Will, 251, 252, 254, 378. Esturmy, see Sturmy. Ktchilhampton Registers, see All Cannings. Ethandune, Battle of, site discussed, 292. Etherington, A. H., 267. 2nd Lieut., H. F., Obit., 267. Eton College, 116. Euconulus fulvus, 469. Eurynchium, species in Wilts, 450, 451, 460, 461. Evans, A. H,, 1. John, 128. Evelyn, Sir John, Committee Man, 1643, 445. Gift to Cathedral, 38, 41. Holds Everley, 520. Everdon, Silvester de, Bp. of Car- lisle, 67, 69, 70, 71. Everett, John G., Obit., 511. Will, 511. Everley and the Astleys, art. noticed, 520. Manor Ho. burnt, 520. Property, 167, 174. Seymour Property, 176, W775, LIMA, Persons, see Alexander, Fra.; Astley, Rev. A. A.(Rector); Astley, Sir John ; Barnston, J. (Rector). Kversley, Lord, on Sale of Stone- henge, 393, 394. Ewart, Miss, Gift, 476. Excavations, see Avebury; Grim- stead, Hast; Keevil, Coople Church ; Lidbury ; Sarum, Old. Excellent (H.M.S.), 116. AO Arthur, 128. 546 INDEX TO VOL, XXXIX. Exeter, 196. Bishop and Citizens, 186. Roman Rd., OM. St. Matthew’s, 270. St. Petrock’s, 270. Exeter, Simon de, 197. Kylefield, Mr., of Stanton St. Quintin, 105. Kyles and Oezeiles Families the same, 113. Francis, 113, 129; Sir Francis, acct. of, 113 ; Francis Haskins, 113. James, 113. John, 113. Sir John, Lord Mayor, 113, 129. Mary, 113. Sarah, 113, 129. Eynsham, Borough dues, 207. Eyre Family own Gt. Chalfield, 121. Rev. E. J., Gift, 490. Sir Simon, additions to Leaden- hall, London, 442. Kythorne (Kent) Chapel the oldest Free Church, 421. Ezard (—), Port., 308. Faculties for Church Hestomean &c., Consultative Committee ap- pointed for Salisbury Diocese, 154, Speeches on, 130. Falcon, Greenland, 3, 13. Gyr, 13. Peregrine, 13. Red- footed, 13. Falkland Islands, Battle, 415. Fane, Mildmay, 2nd Earl of West- moreland, Property, 112. Faringdon (Berks), 119. Farleigh, Barony of 183, 184. Farley, Sam., 285. Farlip, Radulf, 197, 198. Farmer, 8. W., Gift, A76. Farnborough (Berks), 106. Farnham Castle, 254. Farnham (Dors.) Museum, 478. Farquhar, Mrs. and Miss, Gift, 489. Fawcett, Rev. Chr., 514. Hen., Port, 283) Rev. Will., Obit., 514, Feodary of Lands in Wilts, 292. Ferris, 8., Gift, 489. Fettiplace, Will., 169. Fevre, John and Will. le, 75. Fidler, G., Gift, 134. Miss, 134. Fido, Elijah, Port., 308. Fieldfare, 13. Fifhide [Wifhide], Geof. and Mar- gery de, 69. FigheldeanChurch, Effigies “found at Milston,” 398. Persons, see Calley, J. H. (Vicar). Finch, Dr., 394. Finchampstead (Berks), 106. Fines, Feet of for Wilts, Calendar, a 128, 291. | Fisher Family at Liddington, 420. |F Col., 410. Lt.-Col. Harry B., Obit., 410. Capt. Edm. § N., 271. F., 439. Georgiana, 271. John, Arch- |) deacon of Berks, 444. Major, | 282. Money, 440. Money | C., 282. i Fisherton Anger, 417. Brick: & earth, 283 ; Remains of Birds’ Eggs i in, 493. Inquisition, 159. Fisherton Delamere, Snelgare Family, 132 Persons, see | Newall, R.S. “Fishes of the Kennet,” by KE. Hamilton, noticed, 496. Fishes, Reptiles, and Am- | phibians of Wilts, by G. B. | Hony, 258—262. Fissidens, species in Wilts, 453, 455. Fittleton [ffittleden] Manor, 408. Persons, see Beach, Will. ; Johnson, Mr. ; Quenington, Vis- | count. Fitzalan Family at Keevil, 100. Pedigree, noticed, 102. Fitzaudelyn Family, 60. Fitz-Geoffrey Family Pedigrees, j 165. Christina, 162—165, 170. John, 163, 164. Will., 162, 163. Fitzgerald, G. A. R., Gift, 489. Fitz John, Simon, 380. Fitzmaurice, Lord, 476; Gift, 489. | Fitz Ranulph, J ohn, 68. _Rob., 69. 69, Fitz Waryn, Alan, 381, Fizthwyte, 193. Flemenswite, 193. Flemming, Dr. C. E. 8., 412. Lt. T. FS), Obits 4125 Fletcher, Bannister, Gift, 490. Flint Implements, see Stone, Flint, Mr., of Sherrington, 105. Flints,/Glossy,Collingbourne Ducis Wood, 431. Flintford (Som.), 415. Flirt (H.M.S.), 116. Flower Family, notes. 129, 291; of | Worton, Ped., 129. Petition, 129. Thos., 447. John, James, 12. | Fitz Walter, Barth. and Christiana, INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. Flycatcher, Pied, 5, 6, 13. Spotted, 13. Flying Fish (H.M.S8.), 412. Foliot, Ermengarde, 184. Walt., 184. Folly Farm (Bedwyn), Mosses, 453, 458, 462. Fonts, Wiltshire, Drawings of, 136. See Berwick St. John : Keevil; Seend; Salisbury Cath. ; Stanton Fitzwarren, Rough- Fonthill, Kite, 7. legged Buzzard, Te Fonthill Abbey, “‘ Descriptive Ac- count of Water Colour Drawings by J. M. W. Turner,” By E.G. Cundall, and art. on the same, noticed, 422, 423, 516. Design for Spire by Wyatt, 516. Fonthill Bishops, Persons,see Dom- inick, Mr. Fonthill Gifford, Persons, sce Ducket, Mr. Fonthill House, 103. and Prints of, 516. Fonthill, Little Ridge, Stone-lined Grave described, 103. Fontinalis, species in Wilts, 458, 459, Ford, James, Port., 310. _ Fordingbridge (Hants), 260, 418. _ Forestallers and Regrators, 213. _ Forests, see Chippenham, Pewsham | Forstall, 193. Forstebury, Peter de, 64, | Fortescue, Earl and Lady Lucy C., Drawings i 407. | Fosbury, Mosses, 455. see Lawe, A. G. (Vicar). See also Oakhill Wood. | Fosseway, The, 27, 296. Foster, H. D. and Muriel, 410. Fountains Abbey (Yorks), Stone | _ Grating, 128. | Fovant, Camp (modern), 499. Burials, probably Rom.- Brit., G. H. Engleheart on, 499, 521, Persons, see Clay, | Dr. Chaloner, and Capt. V. H.; | Moody, Mr.; Shorland, M. A. | Rom. Brit. Skull, Dr. | Persons, Blackmore on, 499, 500. | Fox, 18. | Fox, Hen., Ld. Holland, 42. | Steph., ‘Earl of Tichester, 42. Sir Stephen, M.P. for Salis- | bury, 42; gives Seats to the 547 Cathedral, 39. T.B., Gift, 313. Foxbury Wood (Bedwyn), Mol- lusca, 471. Foxley, Persons, see Joane, Mr. Frampton, Dr., owned Heale, 123. Sir Geo., Works, 287. Francis (ffraunces), J ohn, 378. Frankpledge, 193. Fraxino, Thos. de, 75. Freeman, J. P. Williams. “ Field Archeology” by, noticed, 285— 287. Fremensfirth, 193. French, Lord, 512. Boyton, 105. Frewin, A., Gift, 489. Freyne [Freynes], Hen. de, 80, 81. Walt. de, 80, 81. Friars, Black and Grey, Salisbury, surrender, 327. Frick, H. C., 423. Friend, Rev. Hilderic, Writings, 498. Frog, Albino, 259. Frome (Som.), 409. Frome, Geo., 49. Jane, 49, Mr., 44. Mrs., 48. Froxfield Hospi tal, 270. Mol- lusca, 465,466, 468, 469, 471—473. Mosses, 4517, 459, ‘463. Fry, Sir Edw., Gift, 489. Fryse, John, 156. Fulford, Geo., Writings, 284. Fuller, C. E., Port., 429. Edw., Port., 307. Geo. P Mr., of 268 ; owns Gt. Chalfield, 120. ‘Ty. Port., 307. Sir John G. F., Bt., 268. Sir John M. F., Bt., Obit., 268, 269. Lady (Norah J.), 268. Rob. F., 273; Gifts, 476, 489 ; Restores Gt. Chalfield, 120. Mrs. R. F., Gift., 489. Fulmar Petrel, 3. Fulston, Rich., 171. Funaria hygrometrica, 456. Funeral Sermons ordered, 15th and 16th cents., 34. Furious (H. M. S.), 116. Furness, Ld., owns Berwick St. ee 094: Winterbourne Stoke, Furniture at Draycot, 2938. Bae Bavant, Persons, see Drake, Mr. Fyfield Down (nr. Marlborough), Mosses, 456. 548 INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. Gadwall, 8, 14. Gainsborough, ‘ ‘View in the Mall,” at Grittleton, sold, 423. Gaisford Family owned Bulking- ton, 102. Gale, A. L., Gift, 312. Alex. R.,406. Rev. J. H., 312. - Kate D’Oyley, 406. Gales, Rev. R. L., 428. Gallipoli, Battles, 266, 311. Gallows, Right of Bishop to, 195. Gandavo, Simon de, see Ghent, Simon of. Gannet, 9, 14. Garden Warbler, 13. Gardiner, Mr., 48. Fred., Port., 310. J. S., Writings, 493. Thos., 49. Garganey, 8, 14. Garland, Rob., 448. Garlyke, Will., 378. Garnett, C. , Gift, 476, 489. Garniss, Mrs., 514, Garrett, P. a Port., 309. Garsdon [Garresdon], Hailstorm, 1915, 294. Manor held by Washingtons, 423. Persons, see Bigge, Mr. Garston, East (Berks), 108. Garter on Pall, 31, 35. Garton Family, 172, John de, 89, 90. Maude de, 89—91. Gasterosteus aculeatus, 260. Gater, Mr., 403, 405. Gay, Walt. C. F., Port:, 310: Gayton, Jacob, 509. Geddes, Mich., 32. Gentleman’s Mag., Wilts Extracts, 290—292. Geoffrey, Will, Ped., 164. ‘ Geography of Wilts,” by A. G. Bradley, noticed, 499, Geology, see Bradford- on-Avon ; Salisbury. George, Eliz., 448. Gernun, John and Juliana, 58. Ghent [De Gandavo], Simon of, Bp. of Salisbury, claims tallage, 199, Register pubd., 137, 152, 373. Ghey, Hen., 100. Ghillo, see Gillow. Gibbs, Dr., 401. Gibson, G. H., Writings, 109, 110. Thos, 378. Giffard, C. Cecily, 263. H.R., 263, 266. John, of Twyford, Ps, Capt. R., 266. Lieut. Sydney, Obit., 266. Gilbert, Capt. H. A., Notes on Birds, 403, 404. John, 162. Widow, 447. Gild and Municipal Organisations at Salisbury identical, 218. Gild Merchant at Old Sarum, 187 ; at Salisbury, 217. Of Weavers & Tailors at Salisbury, 329. Giles, Dr., 505. 308. Gill, Mr., 106. Gillanders, Alex. T., Obit., 416. Gillman family, Ports., 310, Will., Ports., 308. Guillow [Ghillo] Family, 46. Edw., Vestry Sexton in Cath’, 45. Mrs, 45. Widow, 43. Girling, A., Port., 308. Giue, Mr., of Collingbourne Ab- batt, 107. Givenchy (Flanders), 265. Glanville, Mr., 390. John, 384, Julus, 384. Glass, Painted, Halle of John Hall, Salisbury, 129. Glastonbury,A bbot of, Property,97. Gleed, James, Port., 310. Glenconner, Ld., 398, 413, 428; Gift, 476. Lady, Writings, 425. i Gloucestershire, Flint Implements | scarce, 131. Gobio gobio, 260. Godalming School, 265. Goddard, Rev. C. V., 131, 499 ; his Collection, 481, 484, 521 ; Gifts, 134, 312, 313, 521. Edw., Committee Man, 1643, 445. Goddard, Rev. Edw., H., 15—20, 259, 260, 485. Gifts, 134, 213, 431, 476, 521, Notes, 103, 402,405. #On Bronze Implements found in Wilts, not previously recorded, Supplementary List, Feb., 1917, 477—484 (figs). On MS. Collections for Wilts by C. H. P. Wynd- ham, 395—401. On Pur- chase ofthe Brooke Collec- tion, 474—476. On Sale of Stonehenge & Amesbury Estate, 392—394. Writ- ings, 393. Mrs, Ed. H., Gideon, Port., INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX, D49 Gifts, 476, 489. Swindon), Port., 311. R. W., 136. Godfrey [Godefrey, Godeferay ], Alice, 378. John, 378. aeh-, 334, 335. Will., 378. Godmanstone, M., 209. Gold Ornaments at Museum, Electrotypes made of, 151. Goldeneye (Duck), 14. Goldfinch, 12. Goldney, F. H., gift, 476. Golesmyth, Rob. le, 75. Gooch, Magd. Lily, d. of Fras. H., 514. Goodall [Goodale], John, 326, 327. Goodman, Mr., 105. Mrs. (of Miss Goodyere Dionysia, 378. Edw., 376, 378. Goosander, 9, 14. Goose, Barnacle, 14. Bean, 14. Brent, 14. Canada, 2, 14. Egyptian, 2, 14. Grey Lag, 14, 493. Spur- winged, 2,14. White Fronted, 14. Gordon, Hon. Canon Douglas H., 434, 444, Duchess of, Port., 311. Gore, Anne, 113. Fred, Port., 430. Rich., Deed, 128. Will., 113. Gorleston (Norf.), 263. Gorst, Sir Eldon, 279. Harold K., 279. Sir John, Obit., 278. Lady, 279. Goshawk, 13. Gospel Oak, Site of Augustine’s Oak, 519. Gottingen, Wilts Regt. Prisoners, illust., 305. Goudhyne, John, 86, 97. Gough, Mr., of Little Cheverell, 105. R., on Tomb at Brit- ford, 290. Will., Gift, 490. Gowen, John, 448. Thos., 448. Gowland, Dr., 518. Grafton, East, Descent of, 61. Held by Baxmans, 64, 65; by Doynels, 60—65. Mollusca, 471. Grafton, John de, 381. Thos., 335, 336. Graham, Dr , Gift, 490. Grant-Meek, A., Gift, 521. Grammatts (—), 20. Grasshopper Warbler, 13. Grating of Stone at Bradford, 128. Gravett, Mr., 106. Gray, H.St. G., excavation at Ave- bury, 153. Grayling (Fish), 261. Great Ridge Wood, Golden Oriole, De Roe Deer, 21. Grebe, Black-necked, 14. Gt. Crested, 5, 9, 14. Little, 14. Red-necked, 14. Sclavonian, 14. Gregory, (—), 395. Green Wax Money, defined, 207. Green, Emmanuel, Gifts, 134, 431, 489. Herb., 411. Rich. (I. & IT.), 387. Capt. Will. E., Obit., 411. Greenaway, Abraham, 389. Edw., 386, 389. Frances, 386. John (I. & IT.), 386. Mary, 389. Greene, Nich., 448. T., Dean of Salisbury, 46. Greenfinch, 12. Greenhill, Hen., 447. John, 447 ; Portraits by, 428. Greenlands (Lavington) Sale, 127. Greenshank, 14. Greenwich, East, 437. Greville, Hon. Louis, work at Heale, 123. Grey Wethers, Moss Flora of, 449. Greyby, John, 93. Griffin, Leslie, Port., 309. Peter buys Avebury, 291. Grimes Graves (Norf.) Neolithic, 518. Grimmia, Species in Wilts, 449, 450, 453. Grims Ditch, boundary ditch, 286. Grimstead, East, Churchway Copse, 283. Maypole Farm, 283. Roman Villa excava- ted, 154, 283. Grithbreche, 193. Grittleton [Grickleton], Gains- borough sold, 423. Held by Abbot of Glastonbury, 97. Persons, see Wisdome, Mr. Rembrandt sold, 520. Grobham, Sir Rich., kills Wild Boar, 20. Grouse, Black, 12, 14. Red, 14. Grove, Miss Chafyn, gives Organ to Cathedral, 51, 127. Groveley Wood, Fallow Deer and Wild Boar, 20. Hoard of 5950 INDEX TO VOL, XXXIX. Roman Coins, 134. . Leach’s Fork-tailed Petrel, 9. Little Auaks We White-tailed Eagle, 7. Grubbe, Will., gives Altar Piece to Potterne, 422. Gryffyth, Rob., 379. Thos., 378. Gudgeon, 260. Guernsey, Elizabeth College, Boe Guillebaud, Lt. Geof. P., Obit., 266. Rev. J. A., 266. Guillemot, 11, 14, 403. Guisborough Hall (Yorks), 513. Gull, Black-headed, 14. Com- mon, 14. Gt. Black-backed, Why We Herring, 14. Kittiwake, 11, 14. Ivory, 4,14. J.esser Black-backed,14. Gull, Rev. Jos. Edw., Obit., 277. Gummer, 2nd Lieut. Basil, Obit., 415. Oakley, 414. : Gundry, R. 8., Gift, 489. Writings, 299. Gurney, J. H., 9. Guye, Lady, 448. Gyfford, Thos., 131. Gyle, Hen. & Margery, 378. Hackpen Hill, worked flints, 312, 431. Sarsens never on top, 395. Hadham, Geo., 423. Hadow, Rev. G. R., Gift, 489; Obit, 269. Hagbourne (Berks), LOW: Haig, Sir Douglas, 512. Haileybury College, 509. Hailstorm in N. Wilts, 1915, 294. In Salisbury, 1846, 53. Hair Cloths as Altar covennes 35, 36. Hales, Daniel, 448. Hall, Mr., 105. Eliz , 164, 166, 167, 174, 177, 179—182 ; Litiga- tion, 170. E.B; Port; silo: H. G., 3. John, Mayor of Salisbury, dispute with Bp., 234, 235, 2388—243, 256; Halle of, art. on, noticed, 129. Will, 319. Hallam, Rob. (Bp.), 228. | Hallett, TOP and Mrs., Gift, 499, Halliday, John, 116. Capt. 3 John A., Obit., 116. Maria, 116. Ham, Mosses, 458. Persons, see Webbe, Mr. j Hamblen, Nich., 128. Hammick, Georgiana, 271. Miss L. Alex., 271. Capt. Rob., 118. Capt. R. T., 271. Rev, Sir St. Vincent, 118, 271. Will. M., Obit., 118, 271. Hammond [Hammon], Eliz., 384, 388. Hen., 344. Spells. 49, 54, 269; Writings, 290. Hamilton, Gen. Sir Bruce, 511. Dr. Edw., Writings, 496. H. P., Dean of Salisbury, 51. Walt. Kerr, Bp. of Salisbury, 51, 444; Choir of Cathedral re- stored i in memory of, 52. W.; Drawings for Glass at Fonthill, 422. is Hampshire Down Sheep, 119. Hampshire, ‘‘ Introduction to Field Archeology,” noticed, 285—287. . Hampstead Norris (Berks), 105. Hampton, W., Port., 310. Hamptworth (Downton), Little Owl, 403. Persons, see Rolfe, Alice, Hen., John, Rich. ; Trus- lowe, John (I. ). ie . Hamsoc, 193. Hamspray House (aa, Mosses, 456. Hancock, James, 271. Sergt. F., Port., 305. R., Port, 430. Hancocks, Rev. Mba Arh Hankerton, Persons, seeSmith,T. fe Hannaford, W., 259. Hanney (Berks), 106. Hannington, Persons, see Jones, Mr. Hanyngton, Chr., 167, 178. Hardenhuish, 406. Harding, John, 58, 433, 439. Michael, 433, 435, 439. | Thos. K., Obit., 415. Hare, 19. Hareden, Rich. de, 381. Harewood Park (Heref.), 511. Harlech, Mosses, 458. Harnham, oe Persons, see Houghton, C. H. (Vicar). | Harpenden, 269. Harper, Mr.. 107. Harradon Hill= Beacon Hill, gun on, the base of survey, 286. Harrier, Hen., 18. Marsh, 7, 18. Montagu’ 3, 7, 18. Harris, Mr., 48. Jamies: 49. Renatus, builds organ for Cathedral, 40. Thos., 49. ° INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX, 551 Harrison, Rev. D. P., Observations of Birds, 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 16, 19, 402, 408. -Harold, C. W., Port., 429. Harrow, 410. The School, 511. Hartley, H. G., Gift, 489. Harvest, Mr., 108. Harvey, Dr. C., Gift, 476. Mrs. 50. Harwell (Berks), 106. Haskins, C., Catalogues Salisbury _Muniments, 368. © = On the original Bederoll of the Salisbury Tailors’ Guild, 375—379. Writings, 283, 284. Haslar (Hants), 119. Haslemere (Bucks), 511. Mu- seum, 467, 470, 472. Hatch House, 445. Hatchet Lane (Bedwyn), Mollusca, AT71. Mosses, 458. Hatchett, Ch., 401. Hatton, Mr., 106. Sir Chr., Chief Steward of Salisbury, 330. Haughton Hall, 428. Haverfield, Prof, F., 284. On Old Sarum and Sorbiodu- num, 22—29. Haveringes [ Haveringge],:John de, Falls Rich. de, 3880, 381. Haviland, James, 344. Havre, 115. Hay Lane, 420. Hay, 2nd-Lieut, H. A., Port., 429. Haydon (Dors.), 511. Haynes, Ruby M., 307. Hayter (—). Port., 311. Ch., Port., 307. sr yoridge Tithing, Return, 1648, 48. Hawfinch, 12. Hawkeridge, 448. Hawles, Mr., 48. Thos., 49. Hawley, Col. W., excavates Old Sarum, 25. Writings, 3938. Hawridge (Bucks), 75. Head, J. M., Gift., 489. Hebbing, Ancelin, 227. Heale House, art. and illusts., noticed, 128, 517. Charles IL. at, 128. Descent of, 128. Hearnley, Rev. R. M., 487. Hearst, Edw., 49. Heddington, 125. Site of Ethandune?, Derivation of name, 292. Water Shrew, 16, Hedge Sparrow, 13. Hedgehog, 16. Hedwigia, ciliata, 449, 454. Heginbotham, C. D., 472. Heighweye, Thos., 85. Heirst, Mr., 48. Helicella, species in Wilts, 467, 469. Helicigona, species in Wilts, 470, 473. Heligoland, Battle of, 415. Helix, species in Wilts, 470, 471. Heluin, Walt., 72. Helyer, Tho&, 157. Hempster, Fred, of Seend, Giant, Port., 429. Henchman, Humph., Bp., gave organ to Cathedral, 37. Hendy, Steph. and Alice, 376, 877. | Heneage, Sir Thos, Chief Steward of Salisbury, 330, 331. Hengwite, 193. ‘“ Henleys” (Keevil), 100. Henslow, Rev. L. R., Obit., 118. T.G. W., Writings, 301, 427. Heraldry, Arms of Eliz. (Jueen, 128. - Hen. VIII., 129. Johnson, Geo., 112. John- son, of Bowden and Annandale, 112. Ludlow, 121. Merchant Adventurers of Ham- burgh, 503. —_—— Salters’ Co., 508. Tropenell, 121. Heraldry, at Bromham Ch., 104. Malmesbury Abbey Ch. (Screen), 129. Somerford, Little, Ch., 128. Herbert, Geo., Art. on, noticed, 285; Funeral, 33; Port. by R. White, 285; Ring, 127; Where Buried, 285. Lady Muriel, Port., 309. Thomas, 8th Ear] of Pembroke, 129. Will., 1st Earl of Pembroke, Port., 299. Herbert de Cherbury, Edw., Baron, Writings, 38. Herdescote=Erdescote, 98. Herdman, Mr., 105. Here, John & Isabella de, 69. Hereford, Mosses, 450. Hereford, Karl of, 85, 183, 184. Herfare, 193. Herierde, Rob. de, 75. Heron, Common, 13. Night, 183, Squacco, 138. Hertford, Rob. de (Canon), 440. Hertfordshire, Paleolithic Flints, Art. on noticed, 427, 552 INDEX TO: VOL) XXXIX: Hervy, Walt. (Canon), 202. Heytesbury Long Barrows, open- ing described, 398, 399. Persons, see Cunnington, Will. Heywood (Hywood) Tithing, re- turn for 16438, 448, Persons, see Norris, (—). Hicks Beach, Laura H., 514. Lady Lucy C., 407. Sir Michael, Earl St. Aldwyn, 414; Ubit., 407, 408. Hide, Mr., of W. Kington, 106. Hieracium, species in Wilts, 421. Higgs, W. G., Port., 310. High Elms, 125. High Grove (Tetbury), 514. Highway, Badgers, 18. Highworth, illust., 307. Per- sons,see Clinton, Mr. ; Stapleton, Capt. Hubert. Hill, Andr., 447. Anth., 448, A. W., Port., 310. (Canon), 48. Mr., 48. Lieut. A. J., Obit., 418. i Port., 310. francis owns Burton Hill, 420. Rev. Geof- frey, Gift, 490. J., Port., 429. Rev. J. H., D.D., Obit. & Bibliography, 269, Marg., 447, Marshall, 49. Rich., gives pavement to Cath., 38. MiGa Port... 10) W. Burrough, on Stonehenge, noticed, 132. Hill Deverill, Persons, see Ludlow, John. Hilmarton [Hellmartin], Millers Thumb, 259. Persons, see Beard, Mr. Property of Hen. Baynard, 128. White Rats, 20. White Starling, 402. Hilperton [Hilprington], 105. Persons, see Avons, Will; Buckle, Mr. Hilprington, see Hilperton. Hilsea, 410. Hilton, Mr., 106. Hindhead School, 5138. Hindon, 5. Buzzard, 7. Hinkley, John, 332, 333. 2nd- Lieut., S. T., Obit., 414. Rev. Will, 414. Hinton, Little, Earlscourt, 86. Persons, see Walkins, Mr. Hinton, Dr. H., 5, 6, 408. Hinxman, Ch., 290. Hitcham, 118. Hiwis=Huish, 59. or ohn, Archbp. of Armagh, 4, Hoare family, 125, Sir R.C., 518; MS. Diary, 481 ; MS. Notes belonging to, 895—40l1. Hobart, Sir Hen., 350, 351. Hobby, 13. Hobhouse, Anna Maria, 509. Rt. Hon. Sir C. E. H., 4th Bart., 509, Sir Ch. Parry, 3rd Bt., gives Bradford Barn to Wilts Arch. Soc., 148, 154, 485; Obit., 509, 510; Ports., 308, 311. Edith L., 509. Hen. Will., 509. Sir John Cam, Ld. Broughton, 509. Reg., 485. Hobson, Mr., 107. Hockyn, Nich. & Edith, 378. Hodgkinson, Miss, Gift, 489. Hofynge, Peter de, 75. Holand, see Holland. Holcombe, Agnes and John, 95. Holden, Rev. E., Gift, 490. Rev. O. M., Gift, 184. aoe And., Chancellor of Sarum, Holford, Sir Rich,, owned Avebury, 291. Stayner owned Ave- bury, 291. Susanna, 291. Holgate, C. W., 288. Holland [Holand], :Lord, see Fox, Hen. ; Lovell, John. Maude, Lady H., Ped., 94. See also Lovell, Maud. | Holloway, Thomas. 273. Holt, Flints from Gravel Pits, 521. Grey Phalarope, 10. Persons, see Ash, W. W.; Higgs, W. G.; Ladd, Lance- “Corpl. ; Smith, F. H.: - Stokes, F. Holte, Avice, 65. Joan de, 65. John de, 65 71. Rich., 90, 91. Homington, 41. Hommedon, Rob., 381. Hony, G. B., Catalogues Birds at Museum, 152. — Gift, 312. Notes on Birds, 402—404; on Fish, &c., 405. Ona Bib- liography of Wiltshire Zoo- logy,491—498. OnBirds of Wilts, 1—14. On Mammals of Wilts, 15—21. On Reptiles, Amphi- bians, and Fishes of Wilts, DN HX TO “ViOli, XOCKDXe 553 258—262. Writings, 312, 492, 493, 496. Hooge, Battle of, 413. Hooper, Mr., 106, 358. Car. Port., 310. , Rich, 447. Hoopoe, 6, 138. Hooton, Ch., printer, 285. Hope under Denmore (Heref.), 409. Hope, Mr., 107. Sir Will. H. St. J., excavates Old Sarum, 25 ; On Images of Kings at Salisbury Cathedral, 505, 506. Hopkins, Edw., 382, 388. John, 388. Lieut., Port., 307. Mary, 388. Rebecca, 382. Rich., 382, 388. Sarah, 382. Hopsford Hall (Warw.), 114. Hore, Rog. de, 68. Hornby, C. H. St. J., Gift, 476. Horndon, East (Essex), Ch., 424. Horningsham Chapel not the ‘ Oldest Free Church,” 421. Horse Copse (Bedwyn), Mollusca, A471. Mosses, 461. Horse Hair Weavers, see Salisbury. Horsecombe Vale (Som.), Wans- dyke, 296. Horton, F., 41. Francis, Canon of Sarum, 30, 47. (—), builds house at Bradford-on-Avon, 128. Hospitals, see Bedwyn, Gt. _ Houghton, Canon Ch. Adams, | Obit., 270. _ House Sparrow, 13. _ Houseling Cloths at Cathedral, 35. _ Houses, see Amesbury Abbey ; Amesbury, West ; Bowden; Bromham; Brook; Chalfield, Gt. ; Cheney Court ; Chippen- _ ham: Chisenbury; Chitterne All Saints ; Devizes Castle ; | Durnford, Little ; Everley ; . Heale ; Keevil, Manor, Tallboys, _ & Blagden Ho.; Lacock; Lake; Longleat; Salisbury, Halle of _ John Hall, Leadenhall, Sub- _ Chantry, N. Canonry ; Sonning ; ___Spye Park ; Whitley. . | Hove (Sussex), 416. | Howard, Hon. Christian, Port., | 809. Hon. Geof., M.P.,Ports., ‘| 308, 309, 429. Mary, 889. Howe family at Berwick St. Leon- | ard, 396. | Howell, G., Port., 309. _ Howlond { Houlond], Rob., 90. | Thomas de, 93. | VOL. XXXIX.—NO. CXXVI. Huchon, Rene, writings, 124. Huddersfield, 408. Hudson, W. H., writings, 21, 491. Huggate (Yorks), 117. Hughes, John (I. & II.), Jos., and Rebecca, 891. Huish [Hiwis ; Hywys ; Iwys], 67, 68. Advowson, descent of, 85, 90, 91, 95, 98, 169, 171, 172. And the Doynels, by A. S. Maskelyne, 58, 59, 156—184. Manor, descent of, 81—85, 156—178; held by service of Serjeanty, described, 67, 70, 86. Held by Daniel le Roter, 70. Persons, see Hatton, Mr. ; Mainbray, John. Huish [Hywys], Will de, 68, 69. Hullavington, Persons, see Hamb- len, Nich. ; Perman, Rich. Hulse, Capt. Sir Edw. Hamilton W., Obit., 116. Sir Edw. Hen., M.P., 116. Hulton, Little, 277. Humber, Geo., 385. Hume, John, Bp. of Salisbury, 51, 448. Nath., Precentor of Sarum, 443, 444. Humphries, W., Port., 309. Humfrey, Rev. C., Gift., 490. Hungerford, 450. Bronze Celt., 483. Dr. E. Duke’s House, 291. Scaup Duck, 8. Hungerford family, Ped., 291. (—), executed at Salisbury, 244. Sir Edw., Committee-man, 1648, 445. John, owns Bur- ton Hill, 420. Rob. de, 78, 74, 82. Sir Walt., 174, 177, 179—182. Hunt, Mr., of Coll. Ducis, 107. Alice, 108, 104. Edw., 390. Geo., 424. Hen., life of, 313. Job, 890. Will., 390. Hunter, Edw., 390. John, 390. Hurdecott, Montagu’s Harrier, 7. Rough-legged Buzzard, 7. Hurst (Berks), 168. Sale, 127. Hurst, C: P:; Gift, 314. On East Wiltshire Mosses, 449 —464. On Marlborough Land & Freshwater Shells, 465—473. Writings, 422, 482, 497. Hussar (H.M.S.), 116. Husee, Will., 251. 2P 554 INDEX TO Hussey, Will., Port., 283. Hutchinson, et G., Life of Ld. Avebury, noticed, 195. Hyde family, Ped., 291. Re- pair Cathedral, “40, Alex., Bp. of Salisbury, 444; Gift £0 Cathedral, 38 ; owned Heale, 123. (Canon) Alex., 437. Edw., Ear] of Clarendon, gives Altar Hangings to Cathedral, 37, 40. Hen., Earl of Claren- don,gives pavement toCathedral, Dr. James, gives Patens to Cathedral, 37, 44. Law- rence, 45 ; owned Heale, 123, Mary, 123. Rob. (II.), 1238. Sir Rob., Recorder of Salis- bury, owned Heale, 123; gives Candlesticks to Cathedral, 35 ; gives pavement to Cathedral, 37 ; Port., 284. See also Hide. Hygromia, species in Wilts, 466, 467, 469, 470. Hylocomium, species in Wilts, 450, 4638. Hypnum, species in Wilts, 450, 461—463. Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, d&c., List of, Marlborough district,noticed, 497. Hynesete, 90. Hyweye, Rich. de, 71. Ibis, Glossy, 13, 408. Ilchester, Earl of, see Fox, Stephen. Iles, Geo., 390. John, 447. Illeston, Thos. de, 89. Ilsley, East (Berks), 105. Ilsley, West (Berks), 106. Im Thurn, Mr., writings, 404, 494. Imber, Little Owl, 403. Ro- mano British ? Cemetery, Rev. G. H. Engleheart on, 500—501. Stone Celt in Deer-horn Socket, 501. Impey, Capt. E., 279. liye lp E., Obit., 279. Indefatigable (H.M.S.), 412. Inkpen (Berks), 105, 467. Inscriptions, Monumental, Brom- ham, 104. Institutions of Wilts Incumbents in 1660 & 1661, post dated, 420. Invincible (H.M. S, ), 412, 415. ae 515. Grammar School, Trene (H.M.S.), destroyed, 263. Trish Guards, 513. VOL, XXXIX. Iron Arrowhead, Aldbourne, 312. Handcuff & Bit, 521. Smelting in Pewsham Forest in Roman times & 13th Cent.,103. Tsabel & Elizabeth, identical, 158. Isher, Widow, 447. Islington, Ld., 311, Ivy, Thos. ; 128. Ivychurch, Prior of, 2384, 236. Iwys= Huish, 68. Jackdaw, 12. Jackson, A. B, writings, 449, Brig.-Gen., 500. Saliianens Port., 809. “Jacob & Josep,” Medieval poem, influence on Sculpture in Salis- bury Chapter House, 425, 426. Jacob, Lucy E., d. of J. He, 510. Canon W., Port., 310. James, Herb., Port., 310, Dr. M. R., 505. Kath. L., 408. King James I. at Salisbury, 346, 348, 350. Japanese Books edited by F. V. Dickins, 274. Jarpevill, And. de, 75. Java, 413. Jay, 12. Jebb, A. G., writings, 498. Jefferies, Rich., Port., 430. Works, 491. Jeffreys, Mr., of Tidworth, 105. Jenkins, Capt. Will., Obit., 264. W. H., 264. Jennor, Rob., Commitee Man, 1643, 445, Jenyns, (—), 17. Jerred, F., Port., 307. Jersey Cattle, 118. Jewell, John, Bp. of Salisbury, 32, A834. Register of, 362, secures Charter, 329. Joane, Mr., 107. Jocelyne, G., Port., 308. Johnes, Will., 246, 256. Johnson family of Bowden, arms, 112. Mr., 40, 105. Mrs., 48. Ethel], 279. Geo., 118; Arms, 112; builds House Gift, 489. at Bowden, 112°; MPs tou Devizes, 112. J., 285. Mary, 112, 113. Will., of Bowden, “disclaimed” at Her- | ald’s Visitation, 112. Johnston of Annandale, Arms, | 112. Anne Eliz., d. of Sir Te 1 ke ie INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. 555 Jones, Mr., of Ashton Torald, 107. Mr., of Hannington, 107. Mr., of Milton, 106. Arthur, owned. Avebury, 291. . Os das ASK Harry, of Malmesbury, 521. Jals Oh, Port., 811 ; Lt. H. C., Obit., 267. Inigo, work of, 111. John, property at Keevil, 100. Jos., Port., 310, Rich., owned Avebury, 291. Will., property at Keevil, 100. Rev. W. H., 189. Rev. W. H. Rich., writings, 280. Borden, Abraham, organ builder, Jourdain, F. C. R., 9. Jutland, Battle of, 412, 415, 428. Judd, Prof., 518. Kashmir, famine, 117. Keates, R. C., Port., 810. Keevil [Chivele], Ancient Spellings of the name, 100. And Bulkington, MS. Annals of, by Rev. A. T. Richardson, noticed, 100—102. Bald- ham Mill, derivation, 102. Blagden family, 100; House, 102. Chamberlain family, 100. Church, Font turned out and replaced, 160, 101; Holy Water Stoup, 100, 101; Screen, remains of, 101. “ Coople Church,” excavated, 101. ; Coople Church field, Cross Base found, 101. Cross Base in Chap Vd: 101: Entrench- ment ? 100. Fitzalan family, 100; Arms, 508. Gilberts House destroyed, 102. Hen- ley’s field, coins found, 100. Lead Coffin, 101. Manor House, illusts., 102; Built by Rich. Lambert, 100; Wing pulled down, 102. Maps of Parish, 102, Pinckney Farm, in- scribed stone, 102. Persons, see Berry, Mr.; Bodman, Frank ; Dickson, Gen.; Ghey, Hen; Pooke, W. H. (Vicar) ; Richard- son, A. T. (Vicar); Stephens, mci) Nalbot, Rev. Thos, ; Talbot, Thos. M. Rectory, old pulled down, 102. Registers, indexed, 102. Ro- man Coins, 100. “Stephens Hold,” 102. Tallboys House, derivation of name & descent, 100, 101; Wall Paintings re- stored, 101. Terriers, 102. Timber houses built by Clothiers, illust., 100. Tur- pin’s Stone, inscription, 102. Upper Ashton field, 101. Vicarage, new, built, 102. Vicarage, old, pulled dowa, il- lusts., 102. See also Baldham Mill. Keith, Arthur, on skeleton, 501, 502. Kelloways Bridge, Sundial, 427. Kelshall, Rev. J. E., 16. Kember, Mr., 107. Kempe, John, 75. Ken (Bp.), 126. Kendall, Rev. H. G. O., 371, 474 ; Glifts, 134, 312, 431, 476, 521; Art. on Windmill, Avebury, and Grime’s Graves (Norf.), noticed, 518, 519;- Art. on Flint Imple- ments from the surface near Avebury, noticed, 122, 123; Wri- tings, 134, 427. Kendle, G. R., 410. Major Rob. H., Obit, 410. Kennet, Bronze Chisel, 482. Palstave, 479. W himbrel, 11. Kennet and Avon Canal, Mollusca, 468. 469, 472. Mosses, 449, 450, 455. 457, 458, 461, 462, 463. Kennet, East, Bronze Celts, 479, 483. Coleman’s Barn, 483. Manor, 270. Sarsens, O18. Kennet River, “ Fishes of,” by Dr. E. Hamilton, noticed, 496. “Silver Eels,” 261. Kennet, West, Ringed Plover, 10. Kenrick, Mrs., restored “'Talboys,” Keevil, 101. Kenwardstone Farm (Grafton),286, Hundred, 64. Stone giving name to Hundred, 286. Kerry, Countess of, Port., 309. Kestrel, 13. Kewley, W. H., 407. Keymer, Gilbert, Dean of Sarum, 443. Keyser, C. E., 427, 431; Gift, 489. Kidderminster, 273. King [Kynge], Mr., 2. Alice, 378. Ann, 384. John, 384. King John’s House(Tollard Royal), Bones of Roe Deer, 21. 2 bea 556 INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. Kingfisher, 13. Kingman Family, 425. Kingsgate Castle, 125. Kingston Bagpuze (Berks), 107. Kingston Deverill, 2. Property ot Rich. de Vernon, 183. Kington Langley, Persons, see Don- ner, H.' P!); (Salter, S. U. and Isaac. Kington St. Michael, Manor House built, 513. Persons, see Prodgers, Herb. Kington, West, Persons,seeHide, Mr. Kinneir, Hen., Obit., 272. Dr. Rich., 272. Kinwardston Hundred, see Ken- wardstone. Kirk, Mrs., Gift, 490. Kirkpatrick, T. W., 289. Kite (bird), 7, 13. Kite, Edw., on Devizes Town Crier, 133; Writings, 520. Kiusha (H.M.S.), 116. Knapp House (Market Lavington), sale, illust., 127. Knight, Mr., 105. Bee Wa, Port., 429. H. H., 450, 451, 453, 457. John, 292. Mary, 292. Knighton owned by Sir Rh. Poore, 297. Knook [Knoke] Barrow, 399; opened, account of, 400. Manor held by Lovell, 92. Knot (bird), 10. Knott, Mr., of Codford, 105. Knowle Farm(Savernake), Mosses, 455, 461. Pit, Flint imple- ments,521 : Paleolithic, 371, 475 ; number of found, 130; Periods, H.G. O. Kendall on, art., noticed, 130, 131; Sarsen, Paleolithic, 521; Striz and gloss on Flints, origin of, 131. segs Gt., Persons, see Mervyn, Mr. Knubley, Rev. E. P., 411; Gift, 489; Writings, 512. Capt. R. L., Obit., 411. La Bassee, Battle, 116. La Gheer, Battle, 409. Lacerta vivipara, and L. agilis, 259. Lackham, Baynard Family, 112. Lesser Horseshoe Bat, 16. Persons, see Bluet, Sir John; Montagu, James; Palmer, Major Allen LI. and Col. G. Ll. Lacock, 112, 113. Abbey, 507; Art. on, noticed, 507, 508; De- scent of, art. on, noticed, 520; Work of Sir W. Sharington, 300. Church, Lady Chapel built, 507 ; Monument to Geo. Johnson, illust., 112. Dipper nests, 5. Dorset Field Club visit, 130. Duck, Tufted, 8. Gol- . | den Oriole, 5. Goosander, 9. Hoopoe, 7. Persons, see Clarke, Miss M.G.; Talbot, C. H.; Talbot, W. H. Fox. See also Lackham. Lacy, James de, 87. Ladd, Lance-Cpl., Port., 311. Lake, Duke Family, Art., noticed, 289, 291. House, illusts., 290, 291, 307, 517; Inventory of Goods, 1692, 290. Farm, AON, Mill, illust., 291. Lambert Family Pedigree, noticed, 102. Mrs., 447. EKdw., work at Keevil Manor, 100. Rich., buys Keevil and builds House, 100. Thos., sells Keevil, 100. Thos., Arch- deacon of Sarum, 50, 438, 444. Lamborne (Berks), BronzeCelt,484. _ Lambourne, Rich., 384. Simon, | 388. Symeon, 384. Thos., 384. Lamprey, species in Wilts, 262. Lampson, Lt. G. Locker, 305; Port., 309. Lancaster, Duchy of, 92, 93. Property at Everley, 520. Lancaster, Edw.,168— 170, 174, 177, 179, 180—182; Ped., 164. Isabel, 164, 168, 169. Landford, Persons, see Whittier Family. Landrail, 14. Langford, Little, Robbery from Rectory, 131. Persons, see | Bays, Rich.; Earle,C. S. (Rector). | Langford, Mrs., 48. Jangley Burrell, property of Glas- | tonbury Abbey and John Bryd, | 97. Langley, North, 97. Langley Fizarse [Fyssours], 97. _ Langley Parcehay, 97. Langley, South, 97. Lansdowne, Marquis of, 429. Gift, 476. Lapwing, 14. INDEX TO Larkhill, Black Tern, 402. Canadians at, illust., 306. Floods, illusts., 305. Lascelles, Mrs., Gift, 489. Late Celtle Brooches, Marlborough and Aldbourne, 371, 475. Lavington, Bishops, see L., West. Lavington, East, see L., Market. Lavington Manor Estate, Sale Par- ticulars, 127. House, illusts., m7 Lavington, Market [East], Bou- verie Lodge, Sale, illust., 127. Little Bustard, 12. Manor Farm, 127. Persons, see Welford, Mr. Lavington, West [Bishops], 278, 287. Churchill Estate sold, 2738. Persons, see Brodrick, Alan ; Holloway, Thos. Lavington, West Park Farm, Sale, illust., 127. Lavington, Peter de, 71. Reynold de, 71. Law Merchant at Salisbury, pro- cedure, 213. Law, Walt., Port., 4380. Lawe, Kev. A. G., Obit., 278. Col., 278. Lawrence, Lt. A., 307. Thos., works by, 311. T. J., Writings, 301. W.FE., Gifts,134, 314,476; Writings, 133. Le Cateau, battle, 409, 411, Lea, Persons, see Law, Walt. Leach, Dr. Ch.. Port., 308. Leadenhall, see Salisbury. Leaf, H., and Mrs. H., Gifts, 476. Lear, Mrs. Sidney, gives Screen to Cathedral, 51. Lechiot, Edw. (error), 24. Lechlade, Thames Biver, Art. on, noticed, 296. Ledbury, B, Port., 430. Ledwich, Edw., identity of, 24, 25. Lee, John, Treasurer of Sarum, 444. Leese, Mr., 107. Leifod, Mr., 107. Leigh (? Westbury Leigh), Tithing, Return for 1648, 448. Leigh, The[ Lye], Persons, see Coxe, John. Lepidium ruderale, 421. Leptodon Smithii, 450, 459. Leskea polycarpa, 459. Leslie, Alex., Port., 310. E. H. J., Gift, 489, VOL, XXXIX, 557 | Lespecer, Hen., M.P., 199. Lester, W. G., Port., 429. Lestute, John, 197. Leuciscus, species in Wilts, 260, Leucobryum glaucum, 453. Leverton (Berks), Bronze Celt,482. Lewis, Mr., of Bemerton, 106. Lewis, David, 376, 377. Ley, Sir James, 350, 351. Leyrwite, 193. Lidbury(Enford) Camp, excavated, 154. Liddiard, W. J., Port., 309. Liddington [Ludynton], Age Interment, 3738, 501. * Castle,” 501. See also Lyd- ham Weeke; Medebourne. Light, E., Port., 308. Limax, species in Wilts, 465, 468. Lime Kiln Farm (nr. Lavington), Sale, 127. Linnea stagnalis, 468. Limpley Stoke, Church, old, Drawing of, 134. Fish in Avon, 260. Persons, see Young, EB: Hi. J. Lincoln, Thos., Bp. of, 160, 162. Linnet, 12. Lisewiz, Hen., 199. Lister, KE. G., Gift, 489. Little, Ben., 390. Thos. and Sarah, 390. Littlecote, 270. Crossbill, 6. House, Razor from, 521. Littlecote House, Sale, illust., 127. Littleton Panell, Sale of, 127. Littletown[La Lyteletoune](Broad Town), Doynel property, 84, 85. Livingstone, Canon, Gift, 476. Lizard, Common, 259. Sand, 259, 262, 405. Llandinabo, Registers pubd., 511. Llangathen (Carmarthen), 409. Liewellin (Mrs.) Kdith G., 181; Obit., 416, John, 416. Miss, 481. Lloyd, Will. (Canon), Gift to Ca- thedral, 38. Loach, species in Wilts, 261. Swallowed alive, 261. Lobbe, Rich., 328. Lobeck, Rob., 126. Locke, Albinea, Writings, 313. Lockeridge, Mosses, 453, 455, 458 —461, Persons, see Giffard, inl. (OC), eyoyel (Ob {OL Lockhead, Andr., Port., 429. Bronze 558 INDEXALO! WO), exXCOxGNe Locky, Thos. (Preb.), Gift to Ca- thedral, 38. Loder, Sir Edm.,owned Heale, 123. Lodge, Hen. and Mrs., Ports., 811. Lodsham, Mr., 108. London, Church of St. Benet Fink, Organ, 292. Church of St. Christopher le Stocks, Hair cloths, 86. Church of St. Martin’s in the Fields, 45. Leadenhall owned by Sir Hugh Neville, 442; Market, 442. Long Barrows, see Barrows. Long Family, 124. Dionysia ., 406. Capt. Eric, 311 ; and Mrs., Ports., 430. F. W., Gift, 134; List of Press notices of Centenary of Birth of Sir Isaac Pitman, 108—110. Sir James, Gift to Cathedral, 38. Nich., 156, Rich. Godolphin, 406. Sir Rob., 293. Sibell, 512. Walt. F., 512. Brig. Gen. Walt., Obit., 511, 512. Rt. Hon. W. EL.,311, 407, 511, 518; Gift, 489; Ports., 310, 429. Longespé, Will. (I. and 1I.), Tombs, 46, 56. Longleat, Architecture, 508. Black Woodpecker, 2. Ring of Dr. Donne, 126. Loom Weight, Chalk, Winter- bourne Monkton, 312. Loos, Battle, 412, 413. Lostwithiel, Borough, 207. Love, Lt. R. B., Obit., 268. W. J., 268. | Lovell, Family hold Salthrop, 420 ; Pedigree, 24. Alice, Lady Lovell, 92. Francis (Vis- count), 94. Gilbert (Canon), 443. Hen., 93, 94. John, 91, 92. John, Ld. Lovell (1., IL., ILI.) 92,94, 97; Inquisition, 90. Sir John, 92. Lord Lovell, 96; dis- appears, 420; held Huish, 167. Maud, Lady Holland, 92. Will., Ld. Lovell, 92, 94; Inquisition, 93. Will, Ld. Morley, 93, 94. Lovibond, J. W., Writings, 301. Low, Mr., gives Plate to Cathedral, Be Sir Edw., 50. Geo., 44. Lowden (Chippenham), Manor of, 519. Lowe, Sir Edw., Gift to Cathedral, 38. John, gives Plate to Cathedral, 32, 43, 45. Lowndes, E. C., 278, 279; note, 111; Lubbock, Sir John, seeAvebury,Ld. Lucas, Lt. Algernon, Obit, 413. H., Port., 429. TS. 4138 Luce, Capt. John, Port., 309. Mary, d. of Thos., 118. Ludgershall, 520. Lutegareshall, Rich. de, 197; sur- renders Mayoralty of Salisbury, 201. Ludlow Family Arms, Gt. Chalfield Chueh, 126 John, 130. Marg., Arms, 121. Lutterell, Sir Hugh, 95. Luxford, John, 285. Lydeard (Som.), 124. Lydham Weeke (Liddington), de- scent of, 420. Lydiard Millicent, De Winton’s Field Mouse, 19. Lesser Shrew, 16. Little Owl, 403. Spotted Crake, 12. Maskelyne Property, descent of, 419. Persons, see Crixt, Mr. ; Harrison, D. P. (Rector); Mas- kelyne, Rob. Lydiard Tregoze, Bats, 402. Little Owl nests, 403. Parish boundary, 420. Sandpiper nests, 5. See also Salthrope. Lyminge, Zachary, 343. Lynchfield (Som.), 124. Lyneham Reservoir, 405. Lyons, Mrs., Gift, 489. Mac Bryan, Lt. Ed. C., Obit., 413, 513. Dr. H. C., 413, 513. Mc Cormack, John, 520. Macdowell, John, 323. Mac Gregor, Capt. R. D., Gift, 489. Mackay, Lt.-Col., Obit., 115. Mrs., 124; Gift, 313. Alex., I, Florence, 115. : Gladys, 115. ' Hen. A.. 115. Messrs. Mackay & Palmer,115. Macleane, Canon Douglas, Wri- tings, 280, 285, 299, 308, 313. Mc Millan, Canon C. D. H., Gift, 476; Writings, 301. Me, Niven, Mr., 9. Macpherson, H. A., 3. Maddington, Persons, see Wade, Ales. (yaieare). Maes Knoll (Som.), Wansdyke, 295. Magpie, 12. INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX, Maguire, B. W. F., Port., 429. Maiden Bradley, Benefaction, 415. Persons, see Ford, James; Gillanders, her Prior of, charged with assault, 130. See also Rodmead. Maiden Castle (Dors.) Earthworks, height of, 28. Main, Mrs. Geo., 502, 504. Mainbray [Mounbrey], John, 96. Maintenance, Cap of, 133. Maitland, F. W., 199. Major, Albany k’., Gift, 313. Malet Family, 124. Sir C.W.,124. Maleweyn, Will., 68. Mallard, 14. Malmesbury [ Maumsberie] Abbey, 297. Church, Architecture, 508 ; Illuminated Bible given to, 519 ; Organ, date of, 292; Screen, Heraldry of, 129. Pevagl ies past,” art., noticed, 519. ‘‘and St. Aldhelm,” art., noticed, 519. Burton Hill House, art. on, noticed, 420. Deanery of, 288. Dorset Field Club at, 130. Ingelbourne Manor, Hist. of, 420. Persons, see Cockerell, J.; Dewell, Tim ; ) Edwards, W. T. A.; Estcourt, | Anne; Hill, F.; Hungerford, | John; James, Herb.; Jones, : ee Luce, Tho. ; Me. Millan, C. D. H (Vicar) ; Philips, Mr.; | Salter, S. We Stumpe Family ; Swanborough, F. T.; Wood- ward, F. Malton, John, 424. Mammals, new nomenclature, 15. Of Wilts, G. B. Hony on, 15—21. Manchester, Ryecroft House, 274. _ Manders, Major N., Writings, 498. Manley, Canon F. H., edits Wilts | N.& Q,, 420; Gift, 489; Wri- tings, 128. - Manningford, Persons, see Benger. ; John. | Manton, Bronze Founder’s Hoard, 371, 477, 480 (fig.). Grange, 270. Roman Pewter objects from, bought, 152. Manx Shearwater, 9, 14. | Maori Feather Box Lid at Devizes, stolen, 149, 151. Newspaper, 278. Objects in Blackmore Museum stolen, 151. 559 Maori (H.M.S.), 116. Marchant, Thos., 447, 448. Marchy, Will., 376, 378. Marden, Cormorants, 9. of, noticed, 128, 290, 291. White-tailed Eagle, Wf Margam (Glam.), 101, Margidunum= East Bridgeford, 27. Maridunum=Carmarthen, Qe Marlborough, 39, 85, 92, 95, 156, 1S. Bat, 16. Birds of, by Im Thurn, noticed, 494 ; List of, 493. Black Redstart, 6. Blue-headed Wagtail, 5. Bronze Celt, 479; Palstave, 482. Church of St. Mary, W. Door, illust., 289. Church of St. Peter, Brydde’s Chantry founded, 158, 165. College, 116, 118, 278, Glos 2 Aye and illusts., noticed, 294 ; Nat. Hist. Soc. excavates in Wilderness, 421; Gift, 489; Origin of, 421; Reports for 1914, and 1915 no- ticed, 289, 421; Zoological work, Records 491. Diptera, List of, 289, 497. Flora of, 495. Fulmar’s Petrel, 3. Hoopoe, 6. Hymenoptera, Lists of, 497. Inquisition, 163. Land and Fresh Water Mollusca, by C. P. Hurst. 465—473, 496, 497. Lepidoptera, Lists of, noticed, 498. Manor of, 168. Marsh Warbler, 3; nests, 289. MS. Notes on, 372. Mosses, 451, 454—456, 461. Obsidian (?), 431. Oyster Catcher, 10. Persons, see Bird, John; Brooke, J. W.; Daniel Family; Fryse, John (Mayor); Goudhyne, John; Houghton, C. A. (Rector) ; Mau- rice, J. B. and ‘I’. H. M. ; Merri- man, Edward B., F. V., R. W., (hos, Bj. W: RK. EH; Michell, Jolnin (Il, ewnel JUL) 2 Mylne, Bp. L.G.and Capt. E. G. : Thompson, IF. E.; Yeates, Corn. Priory of St. Margaret, site of, 42. Property, 167, 174; of Isabel Bigod, 159; of J. Michell, 160 ; of Seymour, 176—182. Red- necked Phalarope (error), 11. Ring Ouzel nests, 6. Roman Bronze objects, 371 ; 560 Sculptured Bust presented to Devizes Museum, 312, 371. Roman Road to Old Sarum, doubtful, 27. Sandpiper nests, 5. Scops Owl, 7. Scoter, Common, 9; Velvet, 3. Snipe nests, 11. Spotted Crake, 12. Stirrup, tri- angular, 431. Vertebrata, List of, 493. Water Shrew, 16. Wilts Regt. Band, illust., 304. Marlborough, Countess of, 448. Marler, Mr., 106. Marmion, Mr., 107. Marmot, Pouched, bones at Fisher- ton, 283. Marne, Battle, 409. Marreis, Agatha & Will. le, 197. Marriage Bonds of Peculiar Court of Dean of Sarum, printed, 128, 290, 292, 420. Marridge "Park (Maudits Park), Little Somerford, Tithe, 128. Marsh, Mrs., 48. Rev, Gupd. Mrs. R., Port., 125. Marsh Warbler, 3, 4, 13. Nests, 289, 404. Marshall, Peter, 68. W.R., Port., 310. Marshalship and Serjeanty, 62. Marsham-Townshend, 2nd-Lieut, Ferd., Obit., 267. Hon. Rob., 267. Marshfield, 388. Marston, South, 295. Persons, see Southby, Anth.; Williams, Alf. Marsworth (Bucks), descent of, 74 —76. Marsworth (Beds.), [Masseworth], 77, 78. Marten (Bedwyn), Mollusca, 469. Mosses, 454. Martin, 13, 409. Martin, W. C., Port., 308. Martinsell, 19. Mosses, 459. Marvyn, Mr., of Gt. Knoyle, 105. Maryport=Uxellodunum, 27. MaskelyneF amily, andtheir H ome, by Mrs. Story Maskelyne, noticed, 419, 420, 432. Mr., 383. Anth. 8S. Catalogues Deeds, 380 ; Huish and the Doynels, 58—99, 156—184; Writings, 129, 291. Chr., 419. Edm., (M.P.), 419. Capt. INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX, Edm. buys Basset Down, 419. Eliz., 419. Geo., 419. James, 419. Jane, 419. John Ce; Rishi) ie: Marg., 419. "Mervyn, N. H,, A19. Neville, (I.—IV.), 419. Rob., 419. Thos, (1 , IL), 419. Will. (L., IL), 419. Mrs. T. M. Story, Gifts, A32, 476, 489, 521; Two Surveys of the Manour of Broad Hin-. | ton, 1708/9 and 1751, 382 —391; Writings, 419, 432. Mason, Mr., of Rollestone, 106. Ann, 384. Edm., Dean of Sarum, 32. Thos. (Canon), 437, 444. Masseworth= Marsworth (Beds.), ty fe. Masters, Canon W. Caldwell, 489; Gift, 430; Writings, 298, 431. Maton, Geo., Writings, 492. Matricaria discoidea, 421. Matthew, s. of J ohn, Keeper of Chippenham Forest, 103. Tobie, Canon of Sarum, Arch- bishop of York, 444. Sir Tobie, Life of, noticed, 313. Mattock Family, 425. EK. W. T., Port., 430. Matyn, Edith, Brass at Amesbury, 508. Mauditt’s Park Farm (Marridge), Little Somerford, Polecat, 19. Tithe, 128. Mauduit Family, Chapel in War- minster Church, 127. John, 81, 82. Maurice, C. Cecily, 263. Dr. Jobe 263! Commander T. H. M., Obit., 263. May, Ellen B., 117. Gy ie Writings, 130. Mayne, Walt , 167. Maypole Farm (E.Grimstead), 283. Mead, James, Obit., 273. Meade, Mr., of Tollard Royal, 105. — Ino Jal, 510, Lucy Emma, 510. Hon. Canon Sidney, | Gift, 489; Obit., 510. Meadow Pipit, 13. Medebourne Doynel and M. Stokke (Liddington), Manor of, 86. Medici, Cosmo de, at Salisbury, 35. Medlicott, Dionysia M., 406. Geo. G., 407. Hen. E., 119; Gifts, 134, 313, 476 ; Obit., 406, Se ee ee INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. 561 407. Capt. and Major H. E., 407; Writings, 301. Kate D’Oyley, 406; Gift, 521. Kate J., 407. Rev. Stephen, 406. Flight Sub-Lieut. Stephen, 407 ; Obit., 119 Walt. S., 402, 407. Melksham, 520. Illust., 306. Persons, see Brown & Margetson: Buckland, H. J.; Harrold, C. W. H.; Lochhead, Andrew ; Martin, W. C.; Moore, Moses ; Phillips, G. ; Swanborough, F. T.; Wyld, Canon E. G. Territorials in India, illust., 305. See also Beanacre ; Whitley ; Woolmer. Mendip Lead Mines, Road to Old Sarum ? 27. Menhenniot (Corn,), Doynell Fam- ily, 184. Mepereshale, Nich. de, 73. Mercer-Nairne, Ld. C., Grave il- lust., 306. Merchants’ Marks, John Hall, 129. W. Windover, 503. Mere, Mollusca, 466. Manx Shearwater, 9. Per- sons, see Bailey, Will. (Vicar) ; Potter, Mr. Merewether | Merriweather], Will., 448, Rev. W.A.5., Port., 308. Merganser, Red-breasted, 14. Merlin (bird), 404. | Merriman, Edw. B., Obit., 270. : F. V. Writings, 427, 431. R. W., 42, 414; Gifts, 431. 476. Thos. B., 270. 2nd-Lieut. W. R. H., Obit., 414. Mervin (—), 105. Debora and | Sir James, 291. | Messendene, Hugh de, 75. | Messer, Mr., 436. ) Messeworth= Marsworth (Bucks), oe 2, 75. Metcalfe, C. F., Writings, 133. | Methuen Family, Art. on, noticed, 309. Hon. Christian, Ports., 309. Field Marshal Ld., 110, 309 ; Gift, 489; Port., 309. __ Paul buys Corsham, 129. Meux, Lady, 267. “Meyrick, Edw. (F.B.8.), 19; 261; Work and Writings, 289, 421, 491, 493. 494, 497, 498. “Meysy, Rob. de, ae WVOL. XXXIX.—NO. CXXVI. Michell Family, Ped., 164. Alice (or Alison), 164, 168, 169, 178, 182; Inquisition, 167. Beatrice, ee Christian, 161,163. _—_ Eliz., 161, 162, 163, 164, 178. Isabel, 158, 164, 170. John (1., I1., IIT.), 98, 156, 157, 158, 160—164, 167, 168, OMT a ties Middelton, Will. and Ann, 378. Middleton (Lancs), 273. Middleton Lillebon, see Milton Lilborne. Middleton, Mr., 107. Mighenden Manor, 92. Milborne Port (Som.), Church, 134, 303. Mildenhall, Bronze Awl, 480. Mosses, 451, 453, 455, 461. Persons, see Soames, Ch. Vel- vet-Scoter, 3. Water Shrew, 16. Mildmay, Lady, at Bowden, 112. Miles, 2nd-Lieut. H.R., Obit., 415. Rev. P. E., 415. Milford [Muleford] (Salisbury), Manor of, 189. Millais, J. G:, 3, 6, 16, 18. Miller, Mrs., 48. Cecily L., 118. Geo., 118. Mary, 118. Thos. Butt, Obit., 118, 119. Miller’s Thumb, 259. Millington, Will., Portrait by, 124. Milman, Miss, Gift, 476, 489. Milston, effigies found at (1), 398. Milton, 105, 106. Milton Abbott (Dev.), 118. Milton Lilborne= Middleton Lille- bon, 18. Iron “cello” made at, 312. Mollusca, 470. Persons, see Gale, J. H., (Vicar) ; Jones, Mr.; Newman, Mr.; Sweet, Oo: Snipe nests, 11. Minety, Hailstorm, 1915, 294. Persons, see Morse, J. R. B. Minnow, 260. Minstrels at Salisbury, 221. Missel Thrush, 13. ; Misterton, (Notts) 184. Mitchell, Arthur C., Obit., 514. Constance L., 514. PLB le 514, auras He 54.) Walle, 18. See also Michell. Mnium, species in Wilts, 458. Moberly, Geo., Bp. of Salisbury, 51, 406; “Dulce Domum, his Family and Friends,” noticed, 423, 424. he 562 INDEX TO Mobert, Andr., 61. Moffatt, H. C., Gift, 476. Mole, 15. Molge, species in Wilts, 259. Mollusca, of Marlborough, 421. Of N. Wilts, 497. Of Wilts, papers on, 496, 497. Voucher Collection, 468. See also Hurst, iP. Mompesson, John, Petition against, aoe Sir Thos,, 48, 49. Monastic Houses, see Maiden Brad- ley; Malmesbury ; Marlborough; Stanley. Monck-Mason, Lt. A., Gift, 490. Monkton Deverill, Persons, see Dunford, W. Monkton Farleigh, account of Parish, noticed, 510. Per- sons, see Hobhouse Family. Monmouth (H.M.S.), 116. Mons, Battle, 264. Montagu, Geo., Naturalist, 16, 19. James, owns Lackham, 113. Montague House (nr. Bath), 293. Montchansy [De Monte Caniso], Albreda, 77. John de, 75, 77—79. Ranulf, 77. Monte Alto, Adam de, 72. Monte Caniso, see Montchansy. Montfort, Johanna de, Abbess of Lacock, 507. Montgomerie, Mr., 28. Monumental Inscriptions,see Brom- ham; Dilton. Moody, Mr., of Fovant, 104. E., Port., 307. Moore, Rev. Lorenzo, 278. Moses, Port., 309. Thos., Committee-man, 1643, 445. Thos. (Poet), 124. Moorhen, 14. More, Susanna, 377. Will, 376, 377. Moreton in the Marsh, 125. Moreton, South (Berks), 107. Morgan, Mr., of Chilton Foliot, 107, 9nd Lieut. Alf. E., Obit., 418. Hi Le 129; Prof. J. H., Port., 429 ; Writings, 301, 424, 427, Rich., 418. ‘“Morgans;’(Broad Hinton),382,387. Moridunum=Seaton, 27. Morland, Mr., 105. Morley, Alice (Lady), 94. Hen. (Ld.), 94. Lord, see Lovell, Will. Thos., 171. VOL. XXXIX, Mountjoy, Charles, Lord, sells | Morres, Rev. A. P., 4, 404; Wri- tings, 494. | Morris, F. A., 414. Will. founds Swindon Advertiser, 414. 2nd Lieut. W. N., Obit., 414. Morrison, Hugh, Gift, 476, 489. Lady Mary, Note, 103. Morse, Mr., 20. J.R.B.and | Mrs., Ports., 429. Mortemer, John, quartered, 227. Mortimer, Will., gives name to Mortimer St., Trowbridge, 102. Mortinola=Passing Bell, 38. Mortival, Bp; Rog. de, 40. Mortmain Case at Salisbury, 230 —233. No Bequests in, 191. No Tenement to come into, | 205, 206. Morton, John, Chancellor, 170. | Mosses, East Wiltshire, by | Cc. P. Hurst, 449,—464. | Of Wilts, Writings on, no- | ticed, 314, 422, 449. Mostley, Mr., of Donhead, 105. Moulton, Alice, 266. Lieut. Ch. Eric, Obit., 266. John, Gifts, 148, 373, 489. Mounbray, see Mainbray. Mountes, Alice, 377. Joanna. | 378. John, 376, 377. Brook House, 100. Mouse, species in- Wilts, 19—21. Moussaye(France),Hoardof Bronze | Celts, 484. | Moyne, Walt., 178. Muleford, see Milford. Mulesworth, Walt. de, 73. Munceaus Family, 58, 62. | Mundy, Beatrice, 272; Port., 309. | Munsfield, Mr., 106. | Mural Paintings, see Keevil : | Talboys ; Salisbury : Cathe- @ dral, Leadenhall, Sub Chantry | Ho. Murrell Down (Bedwyn), 456. Myers, Canon C., 438, 484, 436, 444, | Mylne, Capt. E. G., Obit., 264. | Lt. Euan L., Obit., 513. Bp. L. G., 264, 513. Mylton (Berks), 105. Myotis, species in Wilts, 402. Nadder River, Grayling, 261. Naish, Mr., 44. a | National Trust, Negociations with, 485. Concerning Stone- henge, 393. | INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX, 563 Natterjack Toad, 259, 262. Neale, Adm. Sir Harry Burrard, owned Chalfield, 120. Neckera, species in Wilts, 450, 459, Neesham, H., Port., 308. Nemachilus barbatula, 261. Neston, 120, 268. Persons, see Sawyer, Dan. Neuve Chapelle, Battle, 115, 264. Netheravon, Bronze Palstave, 479. Canadian Wedding, illust., 305. —- Estate sold, 408. Persons, see Hicks-Beech, Sir M. E. Prebend of, 38. Netherhampton, Persons, see New- bolt, Sir H. Nettleton, Church, Remains of Screen under floor, 111. Persons, see Worsley, Mr. Nettyard, Mr., 106. Nevell, John, 447. N en Sir Hugh, owns Leadenhall, 442, New Lunnon (Alberta), 409. Newall, R. 8., 259, 261, 402; Gift, 476; MS. Wilts Notes belonging to, 395, 401; objects in his col- lection, 484. Newbolt, Sir Hen., Port., 302; | Writings, 302. _ Newbury, 105. Museum buys _ Berkshire objects in Brooke | Collection, 482, 483 ; Objects in, 484. Newman, Mr., of Milton, 105. Mr., of Warfield, 107. James and Mrs., Ports, 309. Newnton, long, Persons, see Bickerton, Mr. Newt, species in Wilts, 259. ' Newton, South, Persons, see Bond, | Gordon (Vicar). _ Newton Toney, Persons,see Pye, Mr. | Newton, Prof, 2. | Nicholas, John, 879. Mary, | 292. | Nichols, J. G., Writings, 112. Nicholson, W. E., 454. Nightingale, 13. Nightingale, J. E., 30. | Nightjar, 13. | Niven, Miss P. G., Gift, 489. | Nonconformists in Wilts, Art. on, | noticed, 128. | pppsuch Palace, Fire Dogs from (1), . 93. | Norborne, Eliz., 382. Thos., 387 ; property in Broad Hinton, 382 Normanton Farm (Amesbury), sold, 393. Norris (—), Port., 309. John, 168. North Wilts Banking Co., 270. Northampton, 514. Northey, Capt. Anson, Obit., 411. Geo., 411. Northill Barn, Marten, 454. Northwrapple, 105. Norton Bavant, 396. Barrow opened, acct. of, 399, 400. Church, Benet inscriptions, 400 ; Brass described, 400, 401. Norton (Herts), 409. Norwich, Pie Powder Court, 213. Nouel, John le, 68. Noyes, Dora, 302, Ella, Writ- Ings, 302. Nuremburg Tokens, 312. Nuthatch, 13. Nythe Farm, Roman Remains, 130. Oak Farm (Down Ampney), Site of Augustine’s Oak ? 519. Oakhill Wood (Fosbury), Mosses, 455, 460, 461. Oakley Hounds, 118. Oaksey, Hailstorm, 1915, 294. Oare Hill, Mollusca, 466, 470, 471. Mosses, 452, 454, 455, 460. Property, 166; of John de Cotteleye, 87; of Sturmy, 95. Oeiles [Oyles] Family=Eyles, 113. Anne, 113. James or Jacques, arms, 113. Mary, 113. Peter, 113. Office of Works & Bradford Barn, 485. Ogbourne St. Andrew, Church re- stored, 131. Persons, see Ward, Col. M. F. Wick Bottom, Bronze Awl, 482. See also Temple. Ogbourne St. George, 74. Bronze Dagger, 482. Church, Beak’s Chantry, 165. MS. Notes on, by F. A. Carrington, Soy aolle Property, 169. Oare, Rog. de, 68. Obituary, Wiltshire, 114— 119, 263—279, 406—418, 507—515. Obsidian (?), Marlborough, 431. Ocklynge (Sussex), 117. ©’ Connor, TY By 110: ae QE 2 ~ 564 INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. Odd Down (Som.), Wansdyke, 296. Odell, John, 504. Odstock, 414. Persons, see Miles, P. E. (Rector); Thorn- borough, Mr. Salmon at, 261. Ogilvie-Grant, Mr., 4. Old Sarum & Sorbiodunum. Prof. F. Haverfield on 22— 29, British Gold Coin, 28. Castle Mound & Ditch, 26. Earthworks not Roman, 24, 27, 28. Neolithic Celt, 28. Norman Outer Wall, 28. Roman Settlement, small, 24, 26. Roman Roads, 26, 27; to Marlborough (1), 27; to Mendip (Ooi. Taken by Saxons, date of, 23. Oldham, Charles, 469. Okehampton, Burgage tenure, 191. Borough dues, 207. Okle, Rich., 87. Oliver’s Camp, 104. Olivier, Col. H. O., Gift, 476. Omihi (New Zealand), 414. Ord, MarjorieC.and Dr. W. W., 414. Ordinance for raising 25th part, 1643, 445. Ore [Here], Isabella & John de, 69. O’Reilly, 2nd-Lieut. H. W., Obit., 268. T. G., 268. Organ given to Salisbury Cathedral by Geo. III., 127; by Miss Chafyn Grove, 51, 127. Oriole, Golden, 5, 12. Ornithology of Wilts, Art. byA. C. Smith, noticed, 495. Orthotrichium, species in Wilts, 449, 456. Osprey, 13. Otter, 18. Overton, Persons, see Clifford, Mr. Rough- lege ged Buzzard. 7. Oving (Bucks), 75. Owl, Barn, 13. Hawk, 13, increasing 403. 1133, Scops, 7, 13. Short- eared, 13. Tawny, 13. Oxford, early Books printed, 129. Oyles, see Oeiles. Oyster Catcher, 10, 14, 421. Pafley, Rob., 104, Page, Chr. and Frances, 391. Page-Roberts, W., Dean of Sarum, Writings, 133, 302, 393. Painter [Payneter], ‘Mr., Eagle, 13. Little, 7, 13, 493 ; Long-eared, Gift to Cathedral, 31. Rich., 448. Paintings, see Mural Paintings. Paisey, Mr., 403. Palzolithic, see Stone Implements. Pall, Salisbury Cathedral, 31, 35. Pallas’s Sand Grouse, 10, 14. Pallion (Durh.), 271. Palmer, Major Allen L1., Obit. 512. Col. Gries Gifts, 476, 489 ; Port. , 429. John, 420, 509. Palmere, Rob. C., 87. Panes, Rob. de, 72. Pangborne (Berks), 106. Panterwick (Marlborough), Storm _ Petrel, 9. Parke, J ohn, 378. Parrott, Mr, 108. Parry, Jos., 511. Obit. and Writings, 511. Jos. Hen., Parsons, Rev G. H., Writings, 302. | Will., 34. Partenkirchen (Bavaria), 263. Partridge, 14. Red-legged, 14. Pasby, Ralph, 503. Passelowe [ Passelewe], Rob., 68, 70. Passhe, Thos., 167, 178. Passmore, A. D., Writings, 131. Patteshull (Wores.), 520. Paunt, John, 227. Payn, John, 97. Paynter, Thos., Canon of Sarum, 32. Peake, H. T. i, 483, 484. Pearce, Mr., H. Hi. “8s Port., 428. Collection of Fossils, 293. Peers, C. R., 485. Peerson, Joanna, 378. Pelham, Sir W., Funeral Sermons, 34. Pembroke, Mosses, 450. Pembroke, Countess of, Port., 299. Catherine, Port., 428. Pembroke, Earl of, 322, 346; Port., 299 ; Writings, 302, Phil., Port., 428. Thos., 8th Earl, collected Library, 129. Will, Ist Earl, Port., 299. Pembroke, Earldom of, Art.noticed, 299. Pendleton, 277. Penhanger (Menhenniot), 184. Penlie, Tithing, Return, 1643, 447. | Penny, Will., 483. Penrose, Dr., 3, 4, 11, 403. Penruddocke, Ch., Gifts, 476, 489. Dr., 260. Helen, ‘A’ Cg > Drs. Channing, | 4 z INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. 565 Port., 308 ; Writings, 302. Pensworth (Downton), 298. Pentry Bridge (Keevil), 102. Pepler, W. J., Port., 310. Pepper, Col., 411. Capt. W.B, Obit., 411. WSU, Wis, Perannce, John and Marg,, 378. Perch (fish), 260. Percy Family at Gt. Chalfield, 121. Perham, John, 87. Perkins, Rev. C. E., Gift, 476. John, Writings, 519. Perman, Rich., 128. Perrett, F. J., Port., 310. Peto, Mr., lays out gardens, 124. Capt. Basil E., M.P., 406; Gift, 476 ; Port., 308. Petrel, Fulmar, 14. Leach’s Fork-tailed, 9, 14. Storm, 9, 14. Wilson’s, 14. Pewsey, Bat, 17. Mollusca, 472, 473. Persons, see Dixon, C. R. and 8. B.; Watson, Rich. Pewsey Vale, 54, 518. Pewsham Forest, Iron Smelting in 13th Cent., 103. Pewter Sconces, Salisbury Cath, 44. Peyvre[ Peyvere], Beatrice, 75. John, 75, 79. Mary de, 78, 79. Paulin, 75. Phalarope, Grey, 10, 14. Red- necked, 11, 14 Phascum floerkeanum, 454. Pheasant, 14. Phelpes, John, buys Avebury, 291. Philipps, Sir J. E., 423, 429. Sir Owen C., 423. Thos., 378. Will., 378. | Philips, Mr., of Malmesbury, 107. | Philley, Rich., 104. | Phillips, Mr., 106. m9, 11. G., Port., 430. _ Philonotis, species in Wilts, 450, | 458, 456 457. Philpotts, Emily, d. of Canon, 513. | Phipp, Nich., 448. Thos., 447. | Phipps, C. N. P., and Nora J., 268. Phonetic Institute, Bath, illust., 108—110. Phonography, 108, 109. ; Phoxinus phoxinus, 260. E. C., 4, 8, ) Physcomitrium pyriforme, 456. | Pickett, Mr., 9. Hen., 383, 388. © Tsaac, 390. Jacob, 390. John and Joyce, 390. | Will., 883, 388. Pie Powder, Courts of, 213. Pierce, Thos., Dean of Sarum, 42 ; Gift to Cathedral, 39; Vol. of Miscellanea, 36, 39, Piers, John, Bp. of Salisbury, 339. Pike (fish), 261. Pike, Sam, 387. 388, 391. Pile, Ernest, 477. Pilgrim, Mr., of Winterslow, 105. Pinckett, Mr., 106. Pine Marten, in Wilts in 17th Cent., 18. Pinkney Farm, Keevil, 102. Pinkney, Mr., 105. Pinnell, A. G., Port., 310. Pinniger, ‘IT. C., 111. Pinnock [Pynnok], J., Port., 310, Thos., 384, WC., Port., 309. John, 376, 377. Rich., 210; ‘Will of, 206. Will., will of, 196. Pintail Duck, 14. Pipistrelle (Bat), 402. Pipe makers, see Salisbury. Pisidium, species in Wilts, 473. Pitman, Alf., 108, 109; Port., 110. Clarence, Writings, 109. Ernest, 108—110. Sir Isaac, Centenary of Birth. Press Notices and Arts. on, noticed, 108—110; Pro- gramme of Celebrations, noticed, 134, 294; Souvenir, 108, 109; Phonetic Institutes, Bath, illust., 108,109 ; Ports. and Bust,108,109. Pithouse, Ruth, 389. Will., (I. and IT.), 386, 389. Pitmead (Bishopstrow), Roman Villas found, 396. Plagiothecium elegans, 461. Plague, Ch.I1. at Salisbury during, 46, Plaitford, Persons, see Rolfe, Will. Planorbis, species in Wilts, 479. Plate, Church, of Salisbury Cathe- dral : Almsdish, 37, 41, Candlesticks,35,45. | Chalices, 30, 44. Flagons, 30, 31, 32, 37, 43, 45; Tin, Pewter,and Glass Flagons and Phials in 14th Cent., 35. Inventories of Plate, 1624 and 1685, 30, 43. Patens, 37. Vergers’ Rods, Sh, Gt See also Salisbury, Tailors’ Guild. Plecotus auritus, 402. Plenderleath, Marion and Rev. W. C) 410. 566 INDEX TO Pleuridium, species in Wilts, 294, 452, 458. Plommer, Walt., 178. Plover, Golden, 14. 10, 14. Pochard, 14. Polecat, 18,19, 21. Polton, Thomas, Bp. of Worcester, 95. Polytrichum, species in Wilts, 451. Pomatias, species in Wilts, 472. Ponte, Reg. de, 381. Pontefract, Burgage tenure, 191. Borough dues, 207. Ponting, C. E., 158; Gifts, 134, 476; Work, 131; Writings, 134, 303. Thos., Obit., 119. Will., 384. . Poyning, Geof., 227. Pooke, Rev. W. H., builds Keevil Vicarage, 101, 102. Poole (Keynes #), 105. Poole, Kdw., and Sir Nevill, Com- mittee Men, 1643, 445. Poona, 4th Wilts Regt. at, 304, 305. Poore, Sir Edw., sells Rushall, 297. Lady Poore, Gift, 314; ‘‘ Re- collections of an Admiral’s Wife,” noticed, 297. Rich., Bp of Salisbury, 440; Builds Cathe- dral, 189; Charters to City, 186, 192, 196, 205; his Hall, 434. Adm. Sir Rich, 266; sells Knighton, 297. Lieut. Rog., Obit., 266, 297. Pope, Mr., 2. Popham, John, 332. Populus canescens, 421. Port, Adam de, Property, 59. Portal, Sir Will, Gift, 489. Porthgwidden (Corn.), 513. Portishead (Som.), Wansdyke, 295. Portraits, Wiltshire, 307—311, 428 —430. Poton, Mr., 106. Potter, Mr., of Mere, 106. Arth., Ch., Geo., John, Rob., T. H., Ports, 310, 428. Potterne, 406. Church, Wooden Altar piece of 1723, Organ Case and Royal Arms, 422. Book of Psalms for, 521. Sandfield ai 119, 406. Sheld Duck, Tobacco Pipes, 134. ts see Flower, John; Kewley, W. Hz. (Vicar) ; Medli- cott Family. Ringed, VOL, XXXIX. Pottery, Bead, Aldbourne, 312. Bronze Age Drinking ‘Cups in Wilts,number of, 517 ; at Bulford, Ss at Upavon, 312. Bronze Age ‘Food Vessels ” not found in Wilts, 517. Bronze Age Uin at Knook, 400. Mediz- val Cooking Pot, Marlborough, 421. Pottia, species in Wilts, 454. Poulshot Church burnt, 423. Persons, see Dugdale, Mr. Poulton Bridge(Mildenhall), Water Shrew, 16. Pourton, Geof. de, 61. Powell, Dr., 105. Mr., of En- ford, 105. J. U., Gift, 476. Rev. W., 39. T., Gift, 521. Pownall, Mr., 106. Powney, James, 115. Major T, Obit. 115i Poye, Simon, 234. Poyndert, Elys, 378. Pratincole, 14. Prebenda, Phil. de, 68. Prentys, Edw. (Canon), 443. Preshute, Snipe nests, 289. Water Shrew, 16. See also Manton. Previté, Capt., Gift., 489. Priaulx, John, Archdeacon of Sarum, Gift to Cathedral, 38. * Prides ”=Lampreys, 262. Prikepain, Steph., 380, 381. Prince, Mrs., 48. Printed Books, Early, sold from | Wilton, 129. Printers, see Farley, Sam. Prismere, 107. , Pritchard, J. E., Gift, 134, 314, 431. W. ' Writings, "985. Procter, Rev. W. C., Port., 308. Prodgers, Edwin and Emily S., 513. Herb., Obit., 513. Prower, Lt.-Col. J. E., Obit., 263. Maj or J. M,, 263. Prowse, ae Gen. GC. B., Obit., 409. Capt. C. I, Obit., 412, Capt. G. J. W., 409, 412. Pterogonium gracile, 450, 459. Ptycodus, 312. Puckering,Sir John,Chief Steward — a of Salisbury, 331, 333, 341. Jerryarhay, Ish. eh Pulham, 118. Pullin, Mr., 105. INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. 567 Pulpit, three-decker at Chalfield, LOM. Pulpit Cloths for funeral sermons, 34. Ordered, 1593, 45. At Salisbury Cathedral, 31, 32, 44, 45, 46. Pummell, Ann, 385. Frances, 391. Rich, 385. Thos., 385. Punctum pygmeum, 469. Purley (Berks), 107. Purton, Bentham House, 267. House, 263, 265. Maskelyne property, 419, 420. Persons, see Etherington, A. H. and H. F.; Maskelyne, Will.; Prower, Lt.- Col. J. E. and Major J. M.; Richardson, A. P. and Capt. M. S.; Veysey, John (Vicar). West Marsh House, 419. Purton (—), 388. Eliz., 385. Puthall Gate, Savernake, Mosses, 451. Puvinel=Doynel, 62, 63. Warin, 62. Pye, Mr., of Newton Toney, 105. Pye-Smith, Mr., 49. E. F Writings, 134, 303. Pye-Turner, F. A., 128. Pygosteus pungitius, 260. Pykhaver, Archdeacon of Sarum, 104. Pynner, Mr., 106. Pynnock, see Pinnock. Pyrie, Thos., 256. Pythouse, 396. Quail, 12, 14, 404, 405. Quakers at Bromham, 104. Quarley Hill (Hants), 286. @ueedsmuir (Peebles), 408, Quenington, Viscount, killed, 408. (Jueynton Church, 166. Quidhampton (Basset Down), de- scent of, 420. Rabbit, 19. Rackham, Rev. H. H., Obit., 273. Radburne Marie (place), 107. Radnor, Mosses, 450. Radnor, Earl of, 3; Gift, 489. Jacob, 2nd Karl, Port., 284. Lady, Gift, 476. Raikes, Capt. A. E. H., Obit., 115. Rev. C. H., 115. Geral- dine, 115. Rail, Cayenne, 2, 14. Rainhill, 277. Ramsbury, Black Tern, 11. 0%) - Rawlence, Mr., 11. Hundred, View of Frankpledge, 193. Mollusca, 470. Mosses, 453, 454, 455, 458, 459. Ruff (bird), 10. Rana temporaria, 259. Randolph, Capt. Arth., 267. Lt. Arth. B., Obit., 267. Mrs. (“Evelyn St. Ledger ”), Writings, 300. Saffron, 267. Rat, Black, extinct, 20. Brown, white var., 20. Ratfyn, see Amesbury. Raven, 12. Ravenstone, 511. ; Dy, s\n, (3h 260, 261; Gift, 476. James, Colln. of Birds, 2. Rawlinson, Dr., 42. Ray River, 10. Razorbill, 14 Reading,.105, 165, 166, 168. Church of Friars Minors, 165. St. Giles, 107. Recusants, List of in Wilts,noticed, 292. Red Book of the Exchequer, 61, 62. Red Ven, Savernake, Paleoliths, 431. Redbreast, 13. Redpoll, Lesser, 5,12; nests, 289. Redshank, 4, 5, 14. Redstart, 13. Redwing, 13. Reed Warbler, 13. Reed, Mr. and Mrs., Ports., 309. Reeves, Steph. and Ruth, 391. De ewe Orton oie Registers, see All Cannings; Bis- hops Cannings; Salisbury, St. Edmunds ; Stratford-sub-Castle. Of Bp. Simon of Ghent, pubd., 373. Rendall, Lt.-Col. F. H. 8., Obit., 410, F.S., 410. Muriel, 410. Rendell, J., gift, 490. Renshaw, Sir C. B., 489. Reptiles, Amphibians, and Fishes of Wilts, by G. B. Hony, 258—262. Repton School, 512. Retford, West (Notts), 184. Revolt of 1381, effect on Salisbury, 225, 226. Reynfrey, Rich., 75. Rhacomitrium, species in Wilts, 453. Black, 6, 13. 568 INDEX TOV VOL® Xxx Rhinolophus, species in Wilts, 402. Rhys, Sir John, 22. Rich [Ryche],St.Edmund,Archbp., at Stanley Abbey, 440, 441. Rich «17, Richard III. (King) at Salisbury, 320. Richardson, Capt. A. P., 265. Rev. A. T., 264; Annals of Keevil and Bulkington, no- ticed, 1OO—102. Capt. E. H. B., Obit, 264. Mrs. H., Writings, 285. Mary, 384. Capt. Mervyn S., Obit., 265. Richman, James, Port., 311. Rideal, Dr. Sam., Port., 308. Ridge, Little, Rom.-Brit. Inter- ments, 103. Ridge Wood, Buzzard, 7. Ridgeway, Clatford Bottom, 453. Ridgeway, F. K., Bishop of Salis- bury, Port., 309; Writings, 303, 428. Ring, of Vicars of Warminster and Dr. Donne, illust., 126. Ring Ouzel, 6, 13. Ringbarewe, Rob. de, 71. Ringers, Diocesan Guild Olin WT Ringwood, 260, 416. Rivar (Shalbourne) Copse, .Mol- lusca, 467, 470, 471, 473. Hill, Bronze Celt, 483. Mosses, 454. Roach, 260. Road, Persons, see Wheeler, W. A. Road Map, 306. Roberts, Mr., 106. Of Dinton, 108. Robbins, Mrs. Upton, gift, 490. Robinson, F., Writings, 303. H., Writings, 133. H. W., 4, 402. Roche Court, Little Bustard, 12. Roche Family, LG 2 Pedigree, 104. John de la, Bie=ae: Marg. de la, 82—86. Roches Family claim Huish, 167. Alice, 89. Eliz. de, 91. Gilbert de, 89. Joan de, 91. John de, 89—91. Sir John de, 167. Willelma de, 89. Rochester Castle, 422. Rockley [Ruckley], 390. Bourne, Rise of, 1915, illust., 421. Crossbill, 6 Rodemarleghe, Wall, de, 72. Rodden (Som.), 409. Rodin, Aug., Sculptor, 308. Rodmead Farm (Maiden Bradley), 415. Roe Deer, in Wilts in 13th cent., Dll Roebuck, W. D., 468. Roemer, ’ Baroness von, Writings 128. Roger, Bp., Tomb Of Da: Rogers, Mr., of Donhead, 106. Of Steeple Ashton, 105. Ann, 383, 390. Dorothy, 383. Frank, Port., 308. Capt.. Hl Pe e40i Judith, 383. Kate J., 407. Ruth, Writings, 428, 431. Thos., 383, 388, 390. Will., 388. Rolfe Family, Marriage Licences and Wills, 298; and Whittier Family, Notes on English An- cestry, noticed, 298. Alice, Will of, 298. Hen, (1. & IL), Wills of, 298. John, Will of, 298. Rich., Will of, 298. Thos., Will of, 298. Will, 483 ; Will of, 298. Roller (bird), 13. Rolleston, Sam., Archdeacon of Sarum, "444, Rollestone, Persons, see Mason, Mr. Roman and Rom.-Brit. Bronze Bracelets, Old Sarum, 26; Up- ham, 312. Bronze Brooches, Aldbourne, 371; Bishopstone (N. Wilts), 312; Brooke Col- lection, 475 ; Cunetio, 371; Old Sarum, 26; Shepherd’s Shore, 312 ; Upavon, 312; Wanborough, BD. Coins, Aldbourne, 312, 371; Groveley, 134. Glass, — i) Graves |) Nythe Farm, 130. lined with puddled clay, 501: lined with stone, 103, 499. Interments, Fovant, 499 ; Imber, 501; Little Ridge, 103 ; Teffont, 499 ; Yarnbury Castle, 401. Iron Hobnails at feet of Skele- tons, Fovant and Stockton, 499, 521. Nails, Nythe Farm, oa hh 130. Pavement, Woodchester |) (Gloucs.), 313. Pewter |) Dishes from Manton bought,152. Plaster, painted, Old Sarum, 4 | 26. Pottery, Dish, War- ~ minster, 430; Pot, Fovant, 499; — | ; see also | Nythe, Stratton St. Margaret. Pot, Groveley, 134 ; Quern from Andernach, Old a INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. 569 Sarum, 26. Remains, Old Sarum, 24—26. Roads, see Bromham ; Chute; Ermine Street; Old Sarum. Skull, Fovant, described, 500. Stone sculp- tured Bust, Marlborough, 312. Villas, ‘Bromham, 104 ; East Grimstead, 154, 283, 284: Pit- mead, 396. Romney, George, Portraits by, 311. Romney, Earl of, 267. Romsey Abbey holds Edington,292. Roo, Rich., 175. Rood Ashton, 406. Tern, 4. Lesser Long Family, Rook, 12. Rooktree Farm, 127. Rose, Service of presenting, 89. Rosebery, Ear] of, Gift, 489. Roter, Dan. le, holds Huish, 70. Rotherhithe, 93. Roue, Mr., 105. -Roundway, Little Owl, 403. Merlin, 404. Persons, see Coward, Edw. ; Dolman, James. Quail, 404. Roundway, Ld., Gift, 476. | ere Rog. le. 72. Thos. | e | Rowde, Persons, see Clark, A. J. | (Rector). _Rowdefield, 272. _ Rowden(Chippenham) Manor, 519. | Scaup Duck, 8 ' Rudd (fish), 260, 262. _Ruddle, Mrs., Note, 405. W. __A., Port., 430. -Rudham [Redham, Rodham], _ Cecily, 72, 78, 80. Katherine de, 78, 80. Walt. de, 71, 72, ies holds Huish, 69, 70 ; Pro. perty, 76—80. | Rudman, Geo., 391. Jane, 386. Nich, 386. R. E., Gift, 489. Thos., 391. Walt., ' Writings, 111. Ruff (bird), 10, 14. /Ruffe (fish), 259, 262. Ruffo, Rich., 61. ‘Rugby School, 27, 509. Rumming, G. C. P., Port., 429. ‘Runton, East. (N orf. Mh Pre- crag — Flint ‘Implements, SM, ‘Rushall, Persons, see Gull, J. E. : Rector). Sold by Sir E. Poore, 297. Storm Petrel, 9. VOL. XXXIX.—NO. CXXVI. i i { Rushmore Park, Fallow Deer of the Chase breed, 21. Russel, Rob., 84.85. Will., 381. Russell, Sam., gift, 489. ; Rutilus rutilus, 260. Ryche, see Rich. Ryton-on-Tyne, 271. Sabrina=Severn, 29. Sadleir, Hen., 520. Sir Ralph held Everley, 520. Sadler, Mrs., 48. J. H., gift, 476. John, 165, 287. Sainsbury, 2nd-Lieut. Ch. M.C., Port., 429. St.Acheul(France), Paleeoliths, 131. St. Alban’s, Bishop and Citizens, 186. St. Aldwyn, Earl, Obit., 407, 408. St. Amand, Pedigree, 104. St. Bees, 408. St. Cross (Hants), 271. St. David’s, Ld., Port., 429. St. Eloi, Battle, 413. St. Ives, Fair, 213. St. Lawrence, Gaisford, 406. | St. Ledger, Evelyn, Writings, see Randolph, Mrs. St. Maur, Ld. Ernest, Gift, 489. St. Omer, Will., 74. Sal’=Salop, not Salisbury, 224. Sale, Hen. de la, 15. Salisbury, Ale Tasters, 221. Amateur operatic Soc., 313. And Shrewsbury, confused, 224, 226. Assizes of Ale, Bread, and Wine, 195, 211, 212, 329, 336. Avon River, Scheme to canalise, 53. Bakers’ Com- pany, 502; Scutcheon, illust., 283. Bird Life at, 494, Bishop’s School, 117, 394, Bishop’s Down, Bronze Palstave, 484. Salisbury, Bishop’s Bailiff, 191, 209; Assaulted, 224, 225 ; , Early mention of, 198 ; Office finally settled, 354; Becomes a sinecure, 322. Bp.’ s administration of Justice, 211—215. Court, Powers, etc., 212—214. Court Baron, 363. Court Leet, B55. Enthronement, Cloth used for, 338. . Jurisdiction, 1306) 21 oust Nominates Justices, 330. Lordship over City, origin of, 186. Muniments, 362. Privileges K bo 570 confirmed by Charter, 226, 249, 250. Relations of the Bishops and Citizens be- tween 1225 and 1612, by Fanny Street, 185—257, 319-367. Right of pre- emption in Market, 216. Servitor of Bp., office of, 210. Steward of Bp., office of, 209. Salisbury, Bishops of, 103. Palace at Sonning (Berks), ex- cavated, 427. See Audley, Edm.; Ayscough, Will.; Bar- rington, Shute; Beauchamp, Rich. ; Bingham, Rob. ; Bohun, Jocelyne; Chandler, John; Coldwell, ; Cotton; Davenant, John; Deane, Hen.; Duppa, Brian; Earle, J. ; Ghent, Simon of; Hallam, Rob. ; Hamilton, W. K.; Henchman, H.; Hume, John; Hyde, Alex.; Jewell, J.; Moberly, G.; Mortival, Rog. de; Poore, Rich. ; Ridgeway, F. E.; Roger; Talbot, W.; Ward, Seth; Wordsworth, John. Salisbury, Blackmore Museum, An. Report, 297 ; ‘‘ Festival Book of Salisbury,” noticed, 282—285 ; Objects in, 6, 8, 11, 28, 261, 286, 402, 517; Maori objects stolen, 151. Brodie & Co., Bankers, 285. Burgage tenure, de- fined, 190, 191, 204—208. Canadians at, 305. Salisbury, Canons of, see Allix, Peter ; Bankes, E.S.; Barnston, J.; Bennett, Thos.; Bessel ; Bickersteth, R.; Bowles, Will. ; Burnell, W.; Chandler, Rich. , Chicheley, Hen.; Clayton, Rich.; Colcoll; Cole; Derham, Elias de; Dilworth ; Dimont, C. T. ; Douglas, Will. ; Drake, Rich. ; Kkins, C. ; Elyott, Will.; Geddes, Mich.; Gordon, Dae: Hertford; Rob. de: Hervey, Walt. : Hoad- ley, John; Holes, And. ; Horton, Fras. ; Hume, 'N ath. ; Hyde, Alex. ; Lambert, Thos. ; Lee, John . Lloyd, Will.; Locky, Thos. ; Lovel, Gilbert ; Mason, Thos. ; Matthew, Tobie : Meade, Sidney ; Myers, Ch. ; Paynter, Thos. ; Prentys, Edw. ; ; Rich, St. Edm. : Sanctuary, CG. L.; San- derson, Rud.; Sellick, John; Salisbury Cathedral, 361. INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX, Talbot, Edw.; Taylor, Teate, Faithful ; Waldegrave, Sam.; Walton, Isaac; Ward, Seth (II.); Watson, Rich. ; Wishaw, ‘Thos. Castle, Service at, 65. St. J. Bapt., 54. to Bp., 192, 193. II. at, 46, 47, 438. John; Charters Cloths, 31, 35, 45. Cushion, 45. Altar Altar hangings, 37, 43, 44. Altar Screen, set back, 52. Altarist’s Fees, 33. Anthem Books, 42. Beauchamp Chapel, 35; de- stroyed, 505. -Bedell’s fees, 33. Belfry Sexton, 33. Benefactors to Church and | Library, List of, 36—4S. | Bishop’s Throne given by Seth Ward, 38, 40. Choir restored, 51; Choir Screen of 14th cent. and Effigies, | 505, 506 ; Choir Seats, 52. Cloth used at Bp.’s. Enthrone- | ment, perquisite of Officials, 33, 34. ‘* Collations,” 200. Cloisters, Collect for the Benefactors, 43. Communion Rail, 40. | Consistory Wainscot, 40. | Copes, given, 40 ; when dis- | Cope Chest, 46, | used, 46. Cosmo de Medici at, 35. Cushions, 31, 44. toms,” 280. Prayer, 36, 39. . Easter Fire, oe Effigies of Kings |) and the Flood of 1309, Chr. | Wordsworth on, 504, 505. | Flagons of Tin, Pewter, and | Glass, 36. Floods in, | 1915, 53—57: Illusts., 306; | in 1308, 505. Font, 1662, | 56. Forms for Communion, | 1660, 36, 40. Founded by | Bp. R. Poore, 186, 189, Crocus of theSacristand Porter, Chapel of | Charles | Altar | Brass - Altar candlesticks, 31, 35, 44, 46. Carpet laid before Judges, 44. Chapter House flooded, | 53; “Iconography of,” noticed, | 425; Mural and Roof Paintings, @ 440 ; Original Capital preserved, | 425’; Sculpture influenced by the — “Song of Jacob and Josep,” 425. Burials in, 116, 118. | “ Cus: | Dedication Day given, 51. INDEX TO fees, 33. Hangings, 1624, 81. Houseling Cloths, 85. Hungerford Chapel de- stroyed, 505. Inscription on pillar, 46. Inventories, 1624, 1685, 30—46. Lady Chapel, only Altar, 1814, 52; Screen, 52. Library, 56; Desks, &c., 1686, 41. Litton or Cemetery, 34. | Muniment House, 36. Mural Paintings, 439. Nave re- stored, 53. Notes by Rev. Chr. Wordsworth, 30 —57.. Organ, 56; Built by Renatus Harris, 40; Given by Bp. Brian Duppa, 37, 40 ; Given by Geo. III. sold to Warminster Church, 127; Given by Miss Chafyn Grove, cost of, 51. Organist, 416. Obit. Kalen- dar, 280. Pall, 31, 85. Pavement given by R. Hyde, 37, 38. Pentecostal Synod, 36. Plate, 1624, 1685, Inven- tories of, 30, 31, 43; Almsdish given by J. Sellick, 41; Bason, 43, 44; Candlesticks, 35 ; Given by R. Hyde, 37 ; Chalices, 37, 44; Made out of old plate, 45; Patens given by James Hyde, 43, 44. Porter’s Fees, 33—35. _ Prayer Book, 42. Preaching in Nave in 17th Cent., 46. Preaching Turns, Table of, 280. Pulpit Cloths and Cushions, 81, 32, 44. Raided by Par- liamentary Soldiers, 36. Repaired during Civil War, 40. Roof Paintings, 439, 440. Sacrist’s Fees, 33. Seats, allotment of, 89, 42; assigned, early examples, 48. In the Nave fixed, 47; Order of, in the Nave, 1677, 46—52. Screen and Stalls by Wren removed, 52. Screen (new), Sermons, 300, 303 ; in Nave, 51. Song Books, 40, Stalls by Wyatt, 52 ; Given, 38. “Statutes of,” pub. 1883, 280. “ Statuta et Consuetudines” edited by Chr. Wordsworth, noticed, 280, 281, mols. Sub-Treasurer’s Fees, ) SBee Surplices, 44. Tomb of Bp. Jocelyne de Bohun, 57; VOLS XOCXI, 571 of “Boy Bishop,” 57; of Will. Longespé (I. and IT.), 46, 56; of Bp. Roger, 57; of Bp. John Wordsworth, illusts., 287, 306. War Scenes near Cathedral, illusts., 306. Wyatt’s alter- ations, 52. Salisbury,Churches. St. Edmund, Burial Fees in 17th Cent., 34. ; Chantry founded by ‘Tailors’ Guild, 357; Marriage Register pub.,287; PulpitCloth fromCope, 34. St. Marks, Nave, illust., 306. St. Martin’s, 502; Wendover Monuments, 508, 504. St. Thomas’,Chantry founded by Tailors’ Guild, 355 ; founded by Will. Swayne, 237 ; Chantry Priest’s House in Chyd., 237. Salisbury, City. Aldermanries before 1306, 208. Aldermen elected, 208, 210. Auditors first appointed, 223. Bede Rolls of Benefactors, 228. Bishop's rights over, acknow- ledged, 236. Charter, 329 ; New,granted,345—351 ; Govern- ment under, 351—356; Petition for, 1452, 234, 235. A Char- ter-created Borough, 191. Chief Stewardship, office created, 330; Commission of Peace, gained, 354. Common Seal, custody of, 1806, 210. Com- position with Bp. Beauchamp, described, 203. Chamber- lains first appointed, 223. Clerk of the City appointed, 223. Conflict with Bishop, 1310, 924. Constitution of City, formulated, 198. Coroners elected, 221, 222; Bp.’s Rights in appointment, 3820; Early reference to, 198. Constables elected, 221. Corporate Seal, earliest mention, 198. Corporation, 252; of City and Close distinguished, 356 ; Muni- ments, 363; Printed Sources of History of, 365 —367. Court Leet and Court Baron, 356, 357. Court Rolls, 196. “ Domesday,” 196, 197, 210. Enclosed with Ditch and Wall, 192, 222. Fairs granted, 192, 195, 219. Fine remitted, TeaGmee2or Foundation and oR 2 ~ ~ 572 development of City, 189—202. Frankpledge, View of, 212, 213. Gates, Keepers of, 222. Gild and Municipal Organi- zation, identical, 218. Gild Merchant first formed, 187 ; List of Names, 217. Grant by Bp. Poore to Citizens, 186. Justices of the Peace, right to appoint, 222. Law Mer- chant, 213. Ledgers or Minute Bks. of Corporation, 220. Liberties renounced and re- stored, 200, 201, 202. License to acquire Land, 223, 227, 228. Maces, 1472, 250. Mayor and Aldermen, seats in Cathe- dral, 50. Mayor and Corporation established, 352. Mayor and Officers elected, 220; to attend Bp’s Court, 210. Mayor, earliest mention of, 198. Mayor, Justice of Peace, 324, Mayor’s oath to Bishop, disputes over, 209, 246 —249, 324, 325, 384—3438, 352 —353; Finally settled, 353. Mayor has profits of markets, 320, Mayor’s Seal, 197, 202: Mayor, subordinate to Bp.’s officials, 211, 230—257. Mayors, Lists of, 198. Minstrels, 221. Municipal Constitution, 18306—1465, 220— 224; Early traces of, 19£—202. _ Officers, appointment and duties, 208, 209. ‘‘ Prepositi’’ (Reeves), earliest reference, 198 ; elected, 208, 210, 254; none after 1474, 220. Quit-Rent paid to Bp. by original setlers, 190. Recorder established, 356. Relations of the Bishops and Citizens between 1225 and 1612, by Fanny Street, 185—257, 319—367. Sergeants at Mace, appointed, 250, 254; Dispute as to, 323. “Servitors ” appointed, 208, 210. Stallage paid to Bp., 205. Staple demanded, 235. Submission to Bp., 1474, 253. Tallage, dispute over, with Bp., 192, 194, 198-202, 214, 215, 357, 358. Taxation, Assess- ment of, 214, 215. Tene- ments, not to be given to INDEX TO VOL, XXXIX. Churches, 192, 205, 232 ; Rights of Widows, 207, 208 ; I'ransfer- ence of in Bp.’s Court, 207; Wills bequeathing, 205. Tenure of settlers under Bp. Poore, 190. Tolls due to Bp., 216, 217. Trade, regulation of, 215, 216, 855. The “'Twenty- Four” and ‘“ Forty-Eight,” 220, 221. Under-Bailiff of the Bp., 322—824. Salisbury Civic History, Art. on, noticed, 584. Cleveland House, School, 267. Cloister Wall battered in 17th Cent , 437. Close, Liberty of, under Bp.’s Jurisdiction, 188, 351, 354 ; Commission of Peace for, 356, 356. College de Valle (of Vanx), 198 ; Tomb from, at Brit- ford, 290. Confraternity of St.George, 218. Conveyances, early, 197. ‘* College,” The, 395. Cormorant, 9. Council House, 356. Crane Bridge, 53, 261. Deanery flooded, 54. Devaux Place, 54, Diocese, Division of, 288. Diocese of, pro- vision of WarlikeFurniture, 1588, 104—108. Dyers and Calenderers, 285. Ento- |) mological captures, 1906, 497. — ‘““Hxaminer” Newspaper,285 . Floods, 1915, d&c., 54; illusts., 306. Florentines corner, see | Mitre House. Fossils, 283. | Gallows, Right of Bp. to, 195. Gaol owned by Bp., 356. Giant and Hob Nob, Art. on and illusts., noticed, 284. Godolphin School, 117. Gt. Northern Diver, 10. ‘““Green Wax Money” in Bp.’s Court, 207. Grayling (fish), 261. Grey Friars and Black Friars surrendered, 327. | Guildhall, 356. Hallof John |} Halle, 361; Arts. and illusts., | noticed, 129, 299; ‘‘Simpson’s Gazette” printed at, 298. 5 Harnham Bridge, 54; Art. on, noticed, 284 ; Built by Bp. Bing- | ham, 195; called ‘“ Ayleswade” or “ Ayleswater,” 284; Custody — given to Dean and Chapter, 199 ; Importance of, 357 ; Salmon at, INDEX TO VOL. XXxXIX. Dio 261. Harnham Gate, 53— 55. Horse Hair Weavers, 284. Horsemen demanded for Royal service, 319. Image taken down, 828. Industries, Art. on, noticed, 284. Infirmary, ben efaction, 415. Inquisition, 172. Joiners’ Hall and Pewter, illusts., 283. King’s House flooded, 54. Knot (bird), 10. “Journal” newspaper, Art. on, noticed, 285. Lamb Inn= Mitre House, 33, 34. Lead- enhall, Elias de Durham’s, in Salisbury Close, 1226— 1915, by Chr. Wordsworth, 438—444\(figs.); Chapel, 436 ; Dimensions, 487; First occur- rence of name, 449.- Flooded, 54; List of Occupants, 443, 444, ; Stone Gateway built, 442; Sur. vey of 1648, 436. “Tiber Evidentiarum,” date of, 442. Little Owls, 408. Lockyer’s Corner, 878. ** Merifield,” 189. Milford Hill Gravels, Paleolithic, 283. Mitre House (Lamb Inn), Bp.’s En- thronement,83, 34. Mollusca, 466. Musical Festival, 305. Name of City, origin of Sarum, 185, 188—189. Nat- terer’s Bat, 402. News- papers, Art. on, noticed, 285. N. Canonry, 13th Cent. Undercroft, 484, 435; Flooded, D4, Palace, Bp. Burgess’ Room, 41; Bp. Poore’s Hall, 434, 435; Flooded, 54, 55. Salisbury, Persons, see Bede Roll, 377—878. See also Addison, W. R. F. (V.C.) ; Aport, John (Mayor); Ashleigh, W.; Aubyn, Phil. (M.P.) : Bacon, Thos. ; Baker, TT’. H.: Baudry, H.; eee: James; Bigges, John ; Boket, W (Mayor) ; Brodie, W iB. ; Bulke, Fes Butler, diana bas Card, A. E.; ; Carpenter, J.P.M.: Chafyn, John and Thos. ; : Cham- ber, Thos.; Chippenham (—) ; Chubb, C. ‘iE. BS Clark, Ji. EH. and J. W.; Clarkson, aN Collins, Ben., Ben. Charles, and Will. ; Colston, Hen.; Christ- church, Rich. of ; Dennis, ‘Thos.; Dowden, J. K.; Dowding, J. ; Eston, W. (Mayor); Exeter, Simon of ; Ezard (—); Farlip Rad. ; Farley, Sam.; Finch, Dr. ; Fisher, Major and Money Cx: Fox, Sir Steph. (M.P.); Fulford, G.; Ghillo, Edw. ; Godfrey, Rich. (Mayor); Godmanstone, M. ; Goodalle, John ; Goodyere, Edw.; Grafton, T’. (Mayor) ; Grummer, Basil and Oakley ; Hall, John (Mayor): Hammick, W.M.; Hammond, Hen. & J.J.; Harding, John and M.; Haskins, C.; Hebbing, Ancelin; Hen- dy, Steph.; Haviland, James (Mayor) ; Hinkley, John and Will. ; Hooton, Ch.; Hulse, Sir Edw. (M.P.) ; Jacob, J. H. and L. E. ; Jocelyne, G.j; Johnes, W (Mayor); Keymer,Gilbert( Dean); Larcombe, S. J. ; Lespecer, Hen. (M.P.); Lewis, D.; Lobbe, Rich.; Low, Geo. ; Ludgershall, Rich. de; Luxford, J.; Lyminge, Z. (Mayor) ; Macklin, J. (Mayor) ; Main, Mrs.G., Marreis, Agatha and Will. de; Merewether, W. A. 5.3; Messer (—); More, Will. ; Mortemer,John; Mountes,John; Neesham. H,; Odell, J.; Ord, M. C. and W. W.; Pasby, R. ; Paunt, J.; Pearce, Mr.; Pepper, Col.; Pickett, Mr.; Pinnock. W. ; Poynyng, Geoff. ; Poye, Simon ; Pritchard, W.; Proctor, W. C.; Pye-Smith, E. F.; Pynnock, John, and Rich.; Pyrie, T. ; Rawlence, E. A.; Scammel, C. ; Sherston, J.; South, C. F.; Spearing, W.; Spinney, R, H. ; Stevens, Frank; Tanner, Mariona; Toudeworth, Reg. de (Mayor) ; Ward, J. M.; -Warmell, R.; Webbe, W. (Mayor) Wilson, R. M. and G. M.: Windover Edw. and Will. ; Woolley, Js bent Wootton, W.; Wyly, John (Mayor); Wyndham, C. H. P. and Mrs.; Wyse, John (Mayor). Salisbury : Peregrine, 494. pits makers, 285. Polecats, Portrait of Will. Windover discovered, F. E. Baker on, 502—504. “Postman” Newspaper, 285. Printers, see Farley, Sam. ; 574. INDEX OVO xeXoxaINe Hooton, Ch. Reformation, progress of, 360. Riots, 1474, 254. Road to Dor- chester, 195. St. John’s Chapel, Art. on, noticed, 284. St. John’s Isle, 54. St. Nicholas’ Hospital, 45, 54; Art. on, noticed, 284; Chapels, 54 ; Enlarged by Bp. Bingham, 284; Flooded, 55. See transferred from Old to New Sarum, 186. Shoemakers’ Company, 502. Shrewy’s Corner, 377. Silk Weavers, 284. Soldiers in Close, Art. noticed, 425. S. Canonry flooded, 54; Destroyed, 487. Special Constables, illust., 305, 306. Storm Petrel, 9. Sub-Chantry House, 436; Mural Paintings, 433, 439. Sub- Dean’s Court, Wills proved, 196, 206. Tailors’ Guild, 329; Bederoll, original, C. Haskins on, 375-379; Broken up, 284; Charter, 283, 284; Hall. 376; Standing Cup and Pax, 378. “Times ” Newspaper, 285. Training College, 483. Trial of Cour- tenay and Hungerford, 244. Trout of 16lbs, 261. Ward- robe House, flooded, illust., 54, 306. Wealth in 1806, 215 ; Decline of in 17th Cent., 361. White-Tailed Eagle, 7. Winchester Bushel, illust., 283. Salisbury, Countess of, Ela founds Lacock, 520. Salisbury, Earldom of, 84. Salisbury Plain, Canadians on, Arts. and illusts. noticed, 293, 305, 306, 425. War Training on, Art., noticed, 424. Salix smithiana, 421. Salmon in Wilts 261. Salter, Isaac and Simon U., 420. Salterton (Gt. Durnford), Duke Family, 290. Salthorpe, descent of, 419, 420. Held by Lovell, 92 Transferred from Wroughton to Lydiard, 419. Salwarpe ( Worcs.), 520, Sambrooke, Mrs , 48. Eliz. , 49. San Stephano (Egypt), 417. Sanctuary, Canon C. L., 513. Capt. C. I., Obit., 518. Sand Martin, 13. Sanders, Rev. H., Port., 429. Sanderson, Randall, 437. Rudolf, 38. Sandhurst, 512. Sandpiper, Curlew, 14. Com- — mon, 5, 14, Green, 14, Purple, 14. Wood, 14. Sands, Rev. Hubert, 411. Capt. Leslie, Obit., 411. Sans Pareil (H.M.S.), 273. Saperton, Rector of, 72. Sar’=Salisbury, 224, See Sarum. Saresberie, see Sarum, Old. Sarsen Stones=Saracen ? 518. Moss Flora of, 449. Not found on hills, 395. Not found on Salisbury Plain, 518. Origin of, C.H.P. Wyndham on, 395. Sculptured (%), near Scots Poor, described, 286. Sarsenet hangings, 31. Sartoris, Florence, d. of J. A., 114. Sarum, Archdeacons of, Wills proved in Court of, 206. See Chandler, Rich. ; Carpenter, W. H.; Clarke, Liscombo ; Lambert, Thos.; Pykhauer, Mr. ; Priaulx, John ; Rollestone, Sam. Dean and Chapter, Peculiar Court, Marriage Bonds, 290. Sarum, Old, 195, 286. Bishop never Lord of the City, 186—188. Bishop’s Jurisdiction, 187. Borough not mentioned in Domesday, 186, 187. City not transferred with the See, 187. Excavations, 153, 284; interrupted, 373. Fair granted to Canons, 187. Gild Merchant granted to Burgesses, 187. Markets, disputes as to, with New Sarum, 187. Distinguished from New Sarum, 185, 186. Municipal Organisation, 187. Name, origin of, 185, 188, 189. Plan, illust., 424. - Pre- Conquest Mint, 187. Road to Dorchester, 195. Visit of Arch. Institute, 1913, 424. Sarva River, 29. Saunders, J., 449. Savernake, 270, Mosses, 461. Braydon Oak, Buzzard, INDEX TO Common, 7. Column, The, Mosses, 452, 461. Crossbill, 6. Fire-crested Wren, 3. Forest, 19 ; Art. on, noticed, 182; King hunting in, 65. Foxes in trees, 18. King Oak, 459, Kittiwake, 11. Lodge, Mosses, 460. London Ride, Mosses, 463. Mollusca, 465, 468,472, 473. Mosses, 449—453, 456—463. Palzoliths, 431. Polecat, 18. Rhododendron Drive, 452 ; Mollusca, 466, 469, 470. St. Katherine’s, 270. Shrew, Lesser, 15. Stag Hounds, 119, Station, Mosses, 460, 461. Viper, 258. Wild Boars, 1540, 20. W oodchat Shrike, 3. Sawers, Anna M. and Alex., 509. Sawyer, Dan. and Mrs., Ports., 308. E., 483. Scammel, C., 484. Scardinus erythrophthalmus, 260. Scarth, Major Leveson, Gift, 489. Scaurbank, Arthuret (place), 408, Schall, C. F., 415. 2nd-Lt.. H. F., Obit.; 415. ponds, Father, Organ builder, 92 Schomberg, A., 277; Gifts, 313, 431; Writings, 292. Miss L. B., Gift, 489. Scirpus setaceus, 421. Scobell, Sir H., 511. poten, Common, 9, 14. Velvet, 14, Scots Poor, curious Sarsen near, described, 286. Scott, Lady Frances J., 116. Lady Charlotte E., 117. Lt. Will. J. de V., Obit., 265. Scratchbury, 399. Screens, Stone, see Chalfield, Gt. ; Compton Bassett. Wooden, see Chalfield, Gt.; Keevil; Net- tleton ; Salisbury Cathedral. Scrophularia, species in Wilts, 421. Seager, Mr., 107. Searobyrig=Sarum, 23. De- rivation, 29, Seaton (Dev.)=Moridunum, 27. Sedge Warbler, 13. Sedgehill, Hays Ho., 417. Persons, see Shaw-Stewart, Mr., and Lt. Neil. VOL. XXXIX. 575 Seend, 117. Church and Parish, Art. on, noticed, 520; Font at Steeple Ashton, 101. Cleeve Ho., 428. Lodge, 274. Manor, illust., 306. Persons, see Bell, Clive, and W. Heward; Hempster, F. ; Mackay, Lt.-Col.; Thynne, Canon A. B. (Vicar). Segedunum= Wallsend, 27. Self, Will., 448. Sellick, John, gives almsdish to Cathedral, 37, 41. Selman, J., Gift, 476. Selyman, Sir Rob. (M.P.), 74. Semington, 409. Church, Bell from Bulkington, 102. Semley, Grove House, 412. - Persons,see Culley, Mrs,; Wrench, Mr. Sergeanties “arrented,” 68. List of, in Wilts, 60. Sergeants-at-Mace at Salisbury, 220, 250, 254. Severia—Sarum, 22. Severiana provincia= Wiltshire,22. Severn=Sabrina, 29. Sewinus, W., 381. Seymour Family, claims Huish, 170; Pedigree, 172 ; Property in Bristol, 159. Alex., 160, 161. Edw., 20. Eliz., 172. Humph., 99. Isabel, 98, 156, 159—161, 165, 166, 170. John (I. and II.), 157, 165, 166, 170, 171, 172, 176, 180; of Wolfhall, 172. Sir John (I. and II.), Chancery Suit, 98, 156—158,160, 167, 170—173, 175 —183. Mark W.,, 159. Maud, 172, 180. Rog., 99, 172. Shackle, Mr., Gifts, 312, 371. Shaftesbury Abbey, Property, 87. St. Rumbold, 417. Shaftesbury, Earl of, Ports., 311. Shag (bird), 14. Shalbourne, Bronze Celt., 483. Mollusca, 466, 467, 469, 471, 473. Mosses, 454, 455, 458, 461— 463, 466, 473. Newtown, 456, 457, 466, 478. Persons, see Briant, Mr.; Kson (—). Shallingford (Berks), 105. Shapworth, 106. Sharington, Sir Hen., 520; Makes 576 INDEX TO Bowden Park, 112. Sir Will, 508; Buys Lacock, 520; Sells Avebury, 290; Work at Dudley Castle, 300. Sharples, Miss, Portrait by, 124. Shaw (Berks), 106. Farm, 271. (In Huish), property, de- scent of, 87, 95, 169, 174, 176, 7 ae: Persons, see White, Mr. Shaw-Stewart, Lt. Neil, Obit., 417. Shaxton, Nich. (Bp.), 342,359, 360. ; Controversy with Citizens of Salisbury, 322—328 ; Presses on Reformation, 323 ; Resigns, 328. Sheen, East, 509. Sheep stealing, Rewards, 314. Sheld Duck, 8, 14. Sheldon Manor (Chippenham),519. chee [Shallingford] (Berks), Shepherd's Shore, Roman fibula, 312. Shepley, Mr., 105. Shepherd, Joshua, 129. Rob., 448. T., Gifts, 313, 521. Sherborne Manor lost by See of Salisbury, 345. Sheriffs, see Doynell, Sir Peter ; Duke, John. Sherrin, W. R., 451. Sherrington. Persons, see Flint, Mr.; Lambert. Thos. (Rector). Sherston, Barbastelle Bat, 402. Common Wood, 4. Pomatorhine Skua, 4. Wilts Regt. Band, illust., 304. Sherston, John, 503. Sheward, Mr., 105. Shields, South, 271. Shilburne, Mr., 106. Ships (H.M.S. ), 429. Shipton Moyne (Gloucs.), 114, 514. Shipton, Prebend of, 32. Shorland, E. P., 415. Dr. Geo., Obit., 415. J. M., Obit., 415. Rev. M. A., 415. Shortstreet Tithing, Return, 1643, 447, Shoveler Duck, 8, 14. Shrapnell Family, Monument at Bradford, 423. Lt.-Gen. Hen., Port., &c., noticed, 423. W. F., Port., 429. Shrew, Common, 15. Lesser, 15. Water, 16. Shrewsbury, 115. Abbot and VOL, XXXIX. Borough, Conflict between, 224. Confused with Salisbury, 224, 226. Shrewton, Persons, see Barlow, Mr.; Wade, T’. R. Shrike, Gt. Grey, 6, 13. Red- backed, 13. ~ Woodchat, 13. Shrivenham (Berks), 106. Sidbury Hill, Ditches, 286. Sidnell, Walt., Ports , 308. Will, Port , 429. Silbury Hill owned by Sam Darling, 125. Silchester, Roman Rds., 26, 27. Silk Weavers, see Salisbury. Silverston (Northants), 117. Simpson, A. B., Gift, 476. George (I.—IV.), Owners of Devizes & Wilts Gazette, 285, 298, 412 ; Ports., 298, 299. Lt. George, Obit., 412. JOS. and Ann., of Burslem, 298. Simpson’s Salisbury Gazette, pubd. 285, 298. Sinnell, Mr., of Stockton, 105. Siskin, 12. Sisymbrium irio, 405. Sitwell, Brig.-Gen. W. H., 510. Skilling, John, 83. Skua, Arctic, 14. Long-tailed, 4, 14. torhine, 4, 14. Skylark, 13. Skynner, Phil., 378. Skyrme, Rev. F. E., 513. 9nd-Lieut. R..E. E., Obit., 513. Slack=Cambodunum, 27. Slade, J. J., Gifts, 134, 314. Slape, Prebend of, 32. Slindon, 107. Sloper, Mr., 16. John, 447. Sloperton Cottage (Bromham), illusts., 104. Slow Worm, 258. Sly, Edm., Gift to Cathedral Li- ‘brary, 39. Smew (bird), 14. Smith, Mr., of Castle Eaton, 105. Rev. A. C., 404, 507; Wri- tings, 431, 495. A. J., Gift, 489. Cecily Laura, d. of Dudley R., 118. Jie Port., 310. P. W..,.Pone 430. Reg., on Flint Imple- ments, 122. Rob., 390. Smith, Sarah, 390. Tae Port., 429, Will., 383, 390. Gt., 14. Poma- eT a a ee ee INDEX TO Will., J., Port., 308. Snake, Grass, 258. Smooth, 258, 262, 405. Snelgare Family, of Bathampton (Wylye), 132. Snipe, Common, 14; nests, 11, 289. Great, 14. Jack, 14. Soames, Major Alf., D.S.O., Obit., 263. Rev. Gordon, Gift, 476. Somerford Keynes, Manor, 415. Persons, see Fawcett, Ch. and Will. (Rectors); Schall, H. F. Somerford, Little, Church, Royal Arms, illust., 128—Persons, see Palmer, John (Rector). See - also Marridge Park. Somerford Magna, Persons, sce Wood, Mr. Somerset Arch. Soc., Gift, 489. Somerset, Duke of, ‘Monument at Gt. Bedwyn, 396. Edw. held Everley, 520. John, 283. Somerset Light Infantry, 513. Somme, Battle, 409—412, 414, 415. Valley, Palzeoliths, 131. Song Thrush, 13. Sonning (Berks), Palace of Bishops of Salisbury excavated, 427, 431. Sorbiodunum, derivation and spel- ling, 22, O17, 29. Site at Stratford-sub-Castle ? 26. Sorviodorus (Rhoetia), 22. Sotheron-Estcourt, G. T. J., Lord Estcourt, obit., 114. Sotewell [Sotuel], Rich., 95. Sothyntone, Thos. de, 72. South, Ch. Fred., obit., 416. R., 416. South and West Wilts Hounds, 415. Southampton, 119. _ Church of Friars Minors, 248. 7 Southbroom, 513. Southby, Anne and Anth. Ee 291. South Morton, 107. Southsea (Hants), 417. Southwick, Persons, W.J see Pepler, ‘Spackman, Jane, Thos., and Will, 389. _ Speerium, species in Wilts, 473. Sparganium ramosum, 472. _ Sparks, M. F. | Writings, 129. Sparrow Hawk, 13. j Barsholt (Berks), 106. Spearing, Will., 503. Speen (Berks)=Spinee, 29, 105. ' Spelling Reform, Pitman’s, 109. VOL. XXXIX.—NO. CXXVI. VOL. XXXIX. - Spye Park, 414. - Starky, Mr., 107. We cor Spencer, John, 173. Moulton, & Co., 266. Sphagnum subsecundum, 451. Sphyradium edentulum, 466. Spins =Speen, 29, Spinney, Lt. R. H., obit., 413. Springfield (Essex), 424. Springford, W. F., 136. Spye (N. Zealand), 414. Spencer, Art. on, noticed, 507. Old House, 104. Squirrel, scarce in N. Wilts, 20. Stables, Mrs., Gift, 489. Stablir, Walt., 381. Stafford, Edw., port., 310. Humph., Earl of Devon, funeral, 34. John, Bp. of Bath, 95. Stanford Dingley (Berks), 107. Stanford-in-the-Vale (Berks), 105, 288. Church, Hair Cloths, 3 3 Stanhope, Dr., 45. Stanley Abbey, Salthrop and Basset Down given to, 419, 420. St. Edmund Rich, lived at, 441, Smelts Iron in Pew- sham Forest, 103. Stanning, Mrs., Port., 125. Stanter, W., 448: Stanton Fitzwarren Church, Font, Casts of Sculptures, 430. Cross in Chyd., erected, 298. Stanton Lodge (Suff.), 406. Stanton St. Quintin, Church, early Sundial, 427. Persons, see HKylefield, Mr. ; Henslow, T.G.W. Stapleford Church Advowson, 173. Marsh Warbler, 3. Stapleton (Gloucs.), 116. Stapleton, Capt. Herb., Obit., 412. Stapylton, Monica,d.of Martin, 114. Starkey, Rev. Geo. A., 265. Lt. V. G., Obit., 265. Mrs., Gift, 476. Bayntun 414. Geo. B., 414. and Lt. J. B., Obit., 414. Starling, 12. Rose-coloured, 12. White, 402. Staughton, 267. Staverton, Persons, see Jones, Joseph, Stawelle, 82. Stawell, ‘Sir John, bays property - at Avebury, 290. Steeple Ashton, 102, 512. Church,age of, 101; Bells rehung, 493. Persons, see Blake, Hen. ; ») 5 578 INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. Crawley, R. (Vicar); Impey, Capt. E.and Lt. J. E. ; Knubley, P. (Vicar) ; Rogers, Mr. Vicarage Garden, Fonts for- merly in, 100, 101. Steeple Langford, Persons, see Chalker, Ch. Tithe on Wool, dispute, 291. Stephens Hold (Keevil), 102. Stephens, Mr., 48, 49. John, Gift to Cathedral, 38. Canon J. F. D., Gift, 490. Rich., built Blagden Ho., Keevil, 102. Stert, Persons, see Drew, L. V. Stevens, Frank, 393, 439; Writings, 282, 284, 405, 500. John, Succentor, 41. : Stewart, Archdeacon R., Writings, 304. Stickleback, species in Wilts, 260. Stiles [Styles], Ben. Haskins(M.P.), 113, 129. Sir F. Haskins Eyles owns Bowden, 113, 129. Sir John Haskins Eyles, 129. Jos. Haskins, 113, 129. Mary, 113. Wantage Almshouses, Art. on, noticed, 128. Sarah, 113. Stint, Little, 4. Stirrup, triangular, 431. Stitchcombe, Tufted Duck, 8. Stoat, 18. Stock Dove, 14. “Stockton, Gadwall, 8. Persons, see Sinnell, Mr. Rom.-Brit. Burials with Hobnails, 499. Rom. Bronze Brooch, 134. Stockton, Mr., 108. Stoke, Battle, 420. Stoke, Adam de, effigy at Gt. Bed- wyn, 396. Stokes, F., Port., 430. Stonage=Stonehenge, 424. Stonechat, 13. Stone Curlew, 14, 494; nests, 404. Stone, Alf., Port., 307. BK. EH, Gifts, 314; M.S. Notes and il- lusts. of Devizes Castle, 421; on Committee, 147. Brig.- Gen. F. G., Writings, 304. W. J. E. Warry, Gift, 476. Walt., Port, 308. Stone (Flint) Implements, 521. From Aldbourne, 431. From Hackpen Hill, Karly, 431. From Surface nearAvebury, Art. Rob., founds ° Stonehen ge, 286. by H. G. O. Kendall noticed, 122, | 123. From Windmill Hill, | Avebury, identical with Flints | from Grime’s Graves, 518, 519; — of Solutré period (?), 122. In wl Brooke Collection, 371, 475, 476. | Koliths, Alderbury, 283. Neolithic rare inGloucestershire, 131. Of Bronze and later Ages, 123. Paleolithic, at Bemerton, Britford, Fisherton, — Milford Hill, 283: at Chisbury, | 521; in Hertfordshire, 427; at | Red Ven, Savernake, 431. a Paleolithic Periods, at Knowle | Farm Pit, by H. G. O. Kendall, | Art. noticed, 130, 131. Pale- | olithic Sarsen, 521. Patina- | tion proof of different ages, H. G. O. Kendall on, 122. Pre- | Crag Implements in Norfolk, | Art. on, noticed, 312, 427. Hy Pygmy Implements, Hackpen | Hill, 122. i Stone ‘Implements, Flint Arrow- - | heads in Brooke Collection, 475 ; 7 | Barbed and Leat-shaped, Wind- | mill Hill, Avebury, 122, 312; 7 made from Celts (4), 131. i Celts, ground, from Aldbourne, ~ | N. Farm, 312, 371 ; Old Sarumjaam 28. Celt in Deerhorn socket | with remains of handle, Imber, 7 5Ol. Celts, ground, broken, and re-chipped, Windmill Hill, Avebury, 122, 518; Reason for, L3l. Graver-like Tools, “ Burin,” Windmill Hill, 122. Saw, Avebury, 431. | Scrapers, Hackpen, 312; of Aurignac type, Windmill Hill,” 122; With rubbed edge, 122. Art. on by W. B. Hill, noticed, 132. 4 Bluestone with mortice holes,” 518. Bluestones worked, 518. Bought by C. H. E. Chubb, 374. _ Bronze Age date of, 286. “a Canadian Troops at, illust., 305. Chippings from Bluestones in Barrows, 518. Enclosed, 114. Gate money, Receipts from, 392. Tllusts., 132, 307, ADA IT. Leaning Ston 2 set up, 114. Model of, full- sized, 132. Owned by & oe E. Antrobus, 114. INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX, to concrete leaning stones, 114, 1538, 394. Sale to Mr. Chubb, 153, 392—394. “A Sentimental Guide to, by Lady Antrobus,” noticed, 516, baled ie Stonehenge To- -day and Yesterday,” by F. Stevens, noticed, 517, 518. Under Ancient Monuments Act, 392. Viewed from Balloon, illusts., 286, 305, 424. Visit of Arch. Inst. to, 1913, 424. Stork, White, 13. _ Storme, Walt., 378. Story, Marg., 419. Anth. M. ‘R., 419. Stote, Rev. A. W., Gifts, 313, 490, 521. Stothert & Pitt, Messrs., 266. P. K., Gift, 489. Stourton, Ld., 246. Stowe, F,, Port., 309. Stratford-on- -Avon, Charter, 191. Stratford - sub - Castle=Sorbiodu- num (?), 26. Manor House, Hi, Marriage Register pubd., 287. Persons, see Carpenter, Jos. Trout, 18lbs, 261. Straton, Dr. C., Writings, 283, 496. Stratton Family, of Wilts, Hist, of, published, 272. James, Obit., 271. Rich., 271. Will, Gift, 476. Stratton St. Margaret, Roman Re- mains, 130. Strattone, Will. de, 72. Marg., 172. Street, Fanny, on the Rela- tions of the Bishops and Citizens of Salisbury, be- tween 1225 and 1612, 185—257, 319—367. Stride, Qr.-MasterSergt., Port.,307. } Stroud, Werle kort, 308, | Studley, Grange of Stanley Abbey, 419. | Stumpe Family Pedigree, noticed, Sturmey [Esturmy ; 292. Will., buys Malmes- bury Abbey, 420 ; descendants of, 420. Sturmid] Family property, 178. Agnes, 95, 172. Port., 308. John, 97. Rich., holds Huish and Grafton, 60. Walt., 61; Sir Walt., 95. Will., 178, 179; Buys Huish, Edgar, 579 94, 95; Sir Will, 96, 172, 173, 176, 180. Styles, see Stiles. Stype Wood, Mollusca, 465, 467, 470, 471. Sudbury (Suff.), 437. Suffolk, Earl of, gives illuminated Bible to Malmesbury Abbey Ch., 519. Suffolk Regt., 513. Sulford, Ch. Ch., 271. Sulgrave (Northants), 424. Sulhampstead (Berks), 107. Sumatra, 412. Sumner, Ld., Gift, 489. Hey- wood, Drawings and Writings, 393, 517; Excavates Rom. Villa at E. Grimstead, 154, 283. Sundials, illusts., 427. See Kelloways Bridge ; Stanton St. Quintin Ch. Sunning (Berks), 168. Surbiton, 115. Sutton Courtenay (Berks), 107. Sutton Mandeville [S. Manfield], Persons, see Crosse, Mr. — Sutton Veny,,. Persons, see Colvin, J.C.; Dobbs, Mr.; Noyes, Ella and Dora. Wilts Regt., ilust., 305. Sutton, Thos., foundsCharterhouse, 420. Suvla Bay, Battle, 414. Swallow, 13. Swan, Hooper, 14. Mute, 14. Swanborough Hundred, 70, 71, 97. Swanborough, F.T., Obit., 272, 273. Swansea, Burgage tenure, 191. Swanton, Mr., 48. EK. W., 465, 466, 468, 472 ; Writings, 497. Fras., 49. Lawrence, 49. Will., 49. Swanwick, Mr., 49. Swarraton (Hants), Mollusca, 468. Swayne, H. J., Writings, 365. H. J. F., 189. J., Writings. 496. Will., founds Chantry in St. Thomas’, Salisbury, 237— 239, 361. Sweet, Rev. C. F., 411. PE obityr4a ti Swift, 13. Swindon “« Wdmerticer ” founded, 414. Churchof St. Mark built, 520. Dowling St. Mission Hallone: Great Black- backed Gull, 11. G.W.R: Capt. 580 INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. Works, Life in described, 281. Growth of Church in, Art. noticed, 519. Horse Re- pository, 119. Tilusts, 307. Men serving in Forces, Ports., &c., 304—308. Little Owls, 403. New parishes formed, 520. Persons, see Butter- worth, G.M. and Lt. H.M.; Deacon, T. H. (Mayor) ; Est- court, 1D W.; Goddard, Mrs. ; Kinneir, Hen. : Norris, F. A., W., and W. N.; Paisey, Mr. ; Rackham, H. H. ; Tudor Jones, Mr., and 2nd-Lieut. C. E. T.; Turner, W. Victoria Hos- pital benefaction, 416; Founded, PAO. Swinsteed, 108. Sykes. E. R., Gift, 490. Sylvester, B., Gift, 489. lide bas iain Geo., 277. Percy, Die Symonds (—), 235. Writings, 292. Syston, 416. Tadd, Qr.-Master Sergt., Port., 308. Taffeta Cushions, 31. Talbot Family of Lacock, 520.; Canon, 438. C. jee a "406, 520; Gifts, 431, 476 ; Note, 108 ; On Remarkable House at Chippenham and Succes- vive Houses at Bowden Park, 111—113; Obit., and Bibliography of Writings, 507— 508; Writings, 128. Edw Archdeacon of Berks, 434; builds Leadenhall, Salisbury, 444, John, 520. Sir John, Re- corder of Devizes, 520. John Ivery, work at Lacock, 520. Mary, 520. Sharington (1. and IT.), 520. Rev. Thos. at Keevil, 101. Thos. Mauncell, HOM: Will., 520; Bp. of Salisbury, 434. W.H. Fox, 507, 620; Writings, 431. Talboy, Thos., 101. Talboys House(Keevil), Derivation of Name, 100. Restored, 101. Tallage paid to the Bp.at Salisbury, 192, 198—202, 214, 215. Tane, Rich. de, 75. Tanner, H. A., Port., 430. Mariona, will of, 209. Rev. Maurice, Gift, 490. “Rev. Wi Tapestry, Aubusson, at Drayeot, | 293. Tate, Nahum, 437. Tavener, Will. NeWtsy See Teate. a Pad ahd coz as See Sf} priced ee - Tayler, Mrs., Gift, 489. A.¥., Gift, 490. H. C., 127, 489. i. P., Gift, 490. | Taylor (—), 389. Edith, 385. | Frances, 385. Francis, 391. John, 385, 391, 444. Marg., 385. J. W., 467, 470. Teal, 14. Teate [Tate], Faithful, 437, 444. Teffont, Persons, see Fidler, Miss. ‘Purbeck Stone, 499. ey Rom.-Brit. Interments found, 499. | i Teffont Evias, Persons, seeTruslow, # Richard. el Teffont Magna, Bronze Gouge, 484, . Temple Bottom, Bronze Celt, 483, | Temple, Geo. and Sarah A. L., 514. | Tench, 260. F Tenhyde, John de, 71. Tennant, Hon. Clarissa, Ports., 310. 7 | Lt. the Hon. E. Wyndham, q Obit., 413. , ¢ Tern, Arctic, 14. Black, 11, | 14, 402. Lesser, 4, 14. White- winged, 4, 14. Testa de Nevill, accuracy of, 61. Tetbury (Gloues. ), 114. . Tewkesbury, Burgage Tenure, 191. = Thames River, 260. Art. on, | noticed, 296. Thackham, Mr., 108. Thatcham (Berks), 105. “Theta” (of Woodford), Writing 304. Thething peny, 193. | Thistlethwaite, Alex., Committee Man, 1643, 445. . Thomas, F. yy Ports 309. Rev. a Writings, ‘109. Owen, Gift, 430. Thompson, F. H., Obits, 278: Rich, Gift. 490, Thorn, "Edm., 93. Thornborough, Mr., 106. Thorney, Simon, 71.. Thornley, Mr., 107. Thornton, Capt. ON Gift, 489. Thorold, Sub- Lt., Port., 498, Thorpe, ‘Capt. St) "510, de, 225. Thrum Cushions, 31. - Thuidium, species in Wilts, Bee 26 0 INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. 581 Thursley, 514. Thymallus, thymallus, 261. Thynne, Canon A. B., 520. Sir John, 508. Lt. John Alex., Viscount Weymouth, Obit., 268. Tidcombe, Mosses, 452, 455. Tidworth, Curlew nests, 404, 494. Crucian Carp, 405. Persons, see Jeffreys, Mr. Shrew, Lesser, 16. Tiles, Encaustic, Gt. Bedwyn, 396. Tilney- Bassett, Jaly Joi Ose Tilshead, Long Barrows, opened, 401. Tipping, H. A., Writings, 120. Tirrell, Martha, d. of Sir John, 424. Tirwhit, Sir Will, 92. Tisbury, Albino Frog, 259. Persons, see Bowles, Mr. See also Bridsor. Tite, C., gift, 313. Tits, species in Wilts, 13. Toad, Species in Wilts, 259. Tobacco Pipes, Gift, 134, Tockenham, 72. Tron Cannon Ball, 431. Tree Wasps’ nest, 312. eee aa, West, Doynell pro- perty, 7 Tollard poral Persons, see Meade, Mr. See also King John’s House. Tolls, exemption from, 193. Tombs, H. C. and Sam., 272. Tooker Family Pedigree, 102. Gules, 347, 348. Topham, Mrs., Gift, 489. Totnes, 263. Torney, R., 95. Tortula, species in Wilts, 454, 455. Tottenham Park, Mosses, 451, 458. Totterdown, Dotterel, 10. Little Owl, 403. Totteridge, 514. Toudeworth, Reg. de, 203. Tournay, Darnix made at, 36. Tournay Family Property, 173. Will, 173. Tovye, Mr., 105. Towersey (Bucks), 511. Townsend, Fred., 472. Jane, 389, Townshend, G. B., 118. Toynbee, Mrs. A., Gift, 489. Tramasericum=Tissue, 37, 41. Trask, Mr., 413. Treasure, Inspector, 309. Ralph, ‘Reg., and Wilfred, Ports., 309. Tree Creeper, 13. Tree Pipit, 13. Tree Sparrow 4, 13. Treledan (Corn.), 410. Trelawney Family, 184. Trenchard, W., 290. Trephining in Neolithic Times, 502. Trevethen, John, 171. Triggs, Bernard, Gift, 489. Trones Wood, Battle, 417. Tropenell Arms in Gt. Chalfield Church, 121. Cartulary, 362. Marg., 121. Thos. Built Chalfield Ho., 120 ; Work in Chalfield Church, 121. Walt., Arms, 121. Tropidonotus natrix, 258. Trout of 18lbs., 261. Trowbridge, Bank Notes, 1802, 313. Chartists, 132. Church, Crabbe Monument, illust., 133 ; in 1830, illusts.,124 ; Sermon, 303. Cloth making, “ Burlers,” 312. Courtfield Ho., 110. Crabbe Centenary Celebration, 1914, 133, 302. Emmanuel Church, 417. George Hotel, 263. Grammar School, 509. Hoopoe, 6. Manor of, 84. Mollusca, 466. Mortimer St., derivation, 102. National Guard, 307. Persons, see Adams, H.J.; Baker, A. E.; Bennett, W. J.; Billett, S. H.; Blake, Hen. and J. H. ; Bray, H. G.; Butcher, Fred. ; Chapman, Isaac ; Cox, Leonard A.; Earney, W. E.; Gardiner, F.; Gillman, A., E., F., H., W. T., and W.; Gore, F. ; Hayter (—) ; Hooper, C. R.; Jenkins, W. E. and W. H.; Lester, W. G.; Mackay & Palmer; Maguire, B. WE. Mattock HW. : Perrett, F. J.; Potter Family ; Reeves, T. H.; Ruddle, W. A.; Sanders, Rev. H.; Scott, J. and W. J.de V.; Shrapnell, W. F. ; Sidnell, Walt. ; Sylvester, F. T. ; Tadd, Qr.-Master Sergt.; Wal- dron Family; Webbe, Mr. ; Whatley Family ; White, W. J. ; Williams, Lt.-Com., R. P. and Mrs. ; W illis, F. R. ; Woodman, 582 H.; Yerbury, Edw. Pitman, Sir Isaac, his Birthplace, Home, and Memorial Bust, illusts, 110. Rectory, Crabbe’s Study, illust., 124. School in Churchyard, Illust., 108, 110. Town Hall, Illust., 110. Westcroft Ho., illust., 124. Volunteers, 115. Wilts Regt. Territorials dzc., illust., 305. Truslowe, John (I. and I1.), pro- perty at Avebury, 290. Rich. and Thos., 290. Trye, John, 508. Trymlet, John; 174, 175, 177, 179, 181, 182. Tubifex rivulorum, 473. Tucker, Edw., Committee man, 1643, 445. Mary, Writings, 304. Tudor-Jones, Mr., 268. Lt. C. E. T., Obit., 268. Turbervile, Dr., 48. — Daubeny, 49. Turner Drawings of Fonthill, 422. Turner, F. A. Page, Gift, 134. John, Brass to in Norton Bavant Ch.,, 401. Rev. W., Port., 310. Turpin, Mat., 61. Turpin’s Stone, Bulkington, In- _ scription, 102. Turton, Edith L., d. of Sir Thos., 509. Tweedy, Sir John, Gift, 489. Twine (—), 424. T'wite (Bird), 12. Twyford (Wilts), 72, 162. Tn- quisition, 159. Tylehurst (Berks), 105. Tylesworth, Adam de, 75. Tymerygge, 90. Tymynydd, 410. Uffcote Manor held by Lovell, 92. Ufton (Berks), 107. Ulota, Species in Wilts, 449, 450, 456. Underditch Hundred, Bishop’s Rights, 193. Unio pictorum, 472. Upavon [ Uphaven], 83, 518. Flying School, 119; Bronze Age interment with Drinking Cup, 373 ; Gift, 312; Roman Bronze Brooch, 312. Manor of, 70. Upham, Upper, Persons see Currie, Roman Bronze Bracelets, 2nd- 312. INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. Uphaven, Barth. de, 70. Uppingham School, 513. % Upton Lovell [Ubbedon], Golden — Barrow opened, 401. Persons, see Darling, Mr.; Lawrence, T. | J. (Rector). Property of Lovell, 94. . Upton Park, Slough, 263. | Urchfont Church restored, 269. a Persons, see Hill, J. H. (Vicar); | Whelpley, Mr. . Uter=Leathern bottle, 70. Uxellodunum=Maryport, 27. V.W.H. Cricklade Hunt, 118, 119. Vallonia, Species in Wilts, 466, 470, 472, 473. Vaughan, Mr., 11. Velvet Scoter, 3. Venone = High Cross, 27. i Vernon. Rich. de, property in Kingston Deverill, 183. Vertigo antivertigo, 465, 466. Vestments, Cope, 34. Given to 'lailors’ Gild, 378. ° Veysey, Rev. John, obit., 417. Vigilant (H.M.S.), 412. Violincello of Iron made at Milton Lilborne, 312. Viper, 258. M., 10, 403. Vitroea, Species in Wilts, 465, 468, rs 469. ‘ Vivipara vivipara, 472. 7 Vize, Rev. J. E., 466; Writings, — 497. Vole, Species in Wilts, 19. Wace, Rev. J. C., Obit., 409. Waddell, Rev. H., Gift., 489. Wade, Rev. T. R., Obit., 117. Wadman, John, 448. Waggyn, John, 378. Wagtail, Blue-headed, 5, 13. . ; White. — Grey,13.. _— Pied, 13. 3h 183, Yellow, 13. Waine, G. M., Gift, 490. <2 Wake, Archbishop, 400. . Waldegrave, Canon, 434. Sam., ~ Bp. of Carlisle, 444. Waldern, John, 390. : Waldron Family of Trowbridge, — 124. a Waldyeve, Thos., 93. ) Wales, Prince of, at Salisbury, 443. — Walker (—). Plans of Gt. Chal- — field, 120. oa Walkeringham, 409. Walkins, Mr., 106. Wall, Mr., 108. 7 a INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. 583 Wallasey, 269. Wallingford, Honour of, 74, 76, 77. Wallop, Over, Little Bustard, 12. Wallsend=Segedunum, 27. : Walinsley, J., Gift, 476. Walrond, Adam, 73. Will., 90. Walsham, North (Norf.), 126. Walsingham Abbey (Norf.), 396. Walsingham, Sir Francis, Chief Steward of Salisbury, 330. Waltham St. Lawrence (Berks), 106. Walton, Brian, Bp., 41. H. A., Port., 430. ' Isaac, Canon of Salisbury, 30, 47, 49. Isaac, “ Piscator,” 47, 126. Wambergh, see Wanborough. Wanborough [ Wambergh], 85—87, 93. Church and Poor, Bene- factions, 416. Manor of, 90, 92. _ Persons, see Deacon, lalod!: Plain Farm, Roman Bronze Brooch, 312. Pro- perty of Doynell, &c., 88, 91. Wanda, Will. de, Dean of Sarum, 440, Wansdyke, 313. At Bromham, 104. —- Course of in Somerset, Art. on, noticed, 295. Mol- lusea, 472. Quarry (Som.), Sections of Dyke, illust., 296. Wanstrow (Som.), Baynards of, 112. Wantage (Berks), 196. Alms- houses, illust., 128. War, Reynold, 71. ) Warbleton Family, 63. (—) 58. |- Ward, Mr., 8—10, 39. Mrs., Gift, 489. Helen C., 263. day 25 J. E., Gift, 476. Rev. J. M., Port., 308. Col. M, F., Obit., 263. Seth, Bishop of Salisbury, 36, 47, 360 ; Gives Bishop’s Throne to Cathe- dral, 38; Liber Notitize, 362; Port., 283; Scheme to Canalise Avon, 53. Seth (II.), Canon and Archdeacon of Wilts, 43. Lt.-Col. T. B., 263. Major T. R. R., 263. Thos., Archdeacon of Wilts, 43. Ward, Merriman, & Co., 263, 270. Wardour, Persons, see Culley, Capt. C. G. M. | Wardpeny, 193. _ Warfield (Berks), 107. Wargrave (Berks), 106. Warlike Furniture, Provision of amongst the Clergie of the Dioces of Sarum, 1588, 104—108. Warmell, R., Bequest to Salisbury, 234, Warminster, 269, 277. 408. Black Grouse, 12, 404. Chapel of St. Lawrence, illust., 126. Christ Church, illust., 126. Church (Parish), illusts., 126, 127; Nave re-built, 127; “The Minster and Church Life,” noticed, 126, 127, 134; Organ fromSalisbury Cath. bought, 127. Church of St. John, illust., 126. Cottage Hospital, 415. Grammar School, 116, 268. Guillemot, 403. Hoopoe, 6. Tllust., 307. King Barrow opened, 399. . Lesser Redpole-nests, 5. Persons, see Bannister, Annie ; Hampton, W.; Jacob, W. (Vicar); Mar- shall, W. R. ; Mundy, Beatrice ; Philipps, Sir J. E. (Vicar) ; Pin- nell, A. G.; Ponting, Thos. ; Welsh, J. F. (Bp.); Williams, Lee,-Corpl.; Whytehead, H. R. (Vicar); Young, W. A. P. Pied Flycatcher, 5. Rom.- Brit. Dish, 430. St. Boniface _ Miss. College, 408. Vicar’s Ring, illust., 126. Warner, Hen. Lee, 396. Rev. Rich., Port., 124. Warning, Mr., of Cheverell, 105. Warren Farm, Savernake, Mosses, 459 Warrender, Miss, Gift, 476. Warrington, Ld. Justice, 489. Washington Family own Stone- henge, 423. Laurence of Sul- grave, 424. Lawrence (II.), 424. Sir Lawrence, 423, 424. Martha, 424. Wasps’ Nest in bush, Tockenham, 312. “Water Budget,” Heraldic, 71. Water Rail, 14. Watling Street, 27. Watson, Rev. EK. W., “‘ Life of Bp. John Wordsworth,” noticed, 287 —289. eee. Port, 420: Rich. (Preb.), gives Cope to Ca- thedral, 38, 41, 46. Watson-Taylor, J. A., Gift, 476. 584 INDEX TO VOL, XXXIX. Watts, H.R., Obit, 510. 510. Waxwings, 6, 13, 289. Waylen, G. S. A., 131; Gift, 489. James, Drawing of Devizes Castle, 421. R. F., Gift, 476. Weallens, Rev. R. S., Gift, 490. Weasel, 18. — Weaver, Lawrence, Writings, 123, 426. Weavers, Wages, 1695, 104. Webb, Mr., of Bromham, 107 ; of Ham, 105; of Trowbridge, 106. Allan Cyprian, 130. EK. Doran, 130. Phil., archi- tect, 306. W.A., “ Hist. of Bromham,” noticed, 104; “‘ List of Warlike Furniture,” 104—108; Gifts, 313, 521. Will, 129. 222, 504. Webbe, alzas Richmond, Jane, 419. Webera, species in Wilts, 450, 457, 458. Wedon, Ralph de, 74—76, 78, 79. Wedgwood, Mrs. G., Gift, 489. Weekes, Rev. W. H., Writings, 416. Weisa, Species in Wilts, 455. Welde, Will. atte, 93. Welford, Mr., 107. Wells, Bishops & Citizens, 186. Tsaac, Wells, Rev. H., 279. 2nd.- Lt. Ho Obit.279: Hugh of, - Bp. of Lincoln, 440. Joceline of, Bp. of Bath, 440. EAs, Gift, 490. Welsh, J. F., Bp. of Trinidad,Obit., 408, 409. Rob., 408. Wendover, see Windover. Wengham, Hen. de, 67, 70, 183. Will de, 75. Wensley, Will., 41. Wenslow, Will., Gift to Cathedral, 37. Were, F., Writings, 129. West Wilts Men in Army, Ports., 308. West Woods, Honey Buzzard, 8. Little Owl, 403. — West, Mr., 107. Brownlee, 131. Lt. L. F. on Skeleton found at Liddington, 501, 502, Westbury, 59, 100, 520. Bit- tern, 111. Chartists, 1839, 182. Church, 300. Per- sons, see Bull, Will. ; Giles, Gideon ; Griffin, Leslie; King- man family; Knight, F. W. ; Pike, W. C.; Pinniger, T. C. ; Shorland, E. P. ; Treasure fam. ; Watts, Isaac & H. R.; Winter, G. T. Xegisters, 297. Return for the Hundred of, 1643, 25th Part, 445— 448. See also Brook. Westbury Leigh, Love, R. B. & W. J.; Wheeler, Ben.; Wilkins, A. J. & E. F. Return for 1643, 447. Westbury-on-Trym, 269. Westgarth, M. E., Gift, 489. Westley family of Whitcliff, 103. Westminster Abbey, Copes, 46. Westmorland, Earl of, 184. Mildmay Fane, 2nd Earl, Wilts Property, 112. Weston-super-Mare, 512. Weston Underwood, 511. Wetelaye, see Whetlaye. Weyhill, 437. Weymouth, Ld. his Grammar School at Warminster, 116. Viscount, Obit., 268. Whatley [Whatlie], Albert V., Ernest, Jesse, Jos. H., Ralph, Wheldon, J. A., 451, 462. Whelpley, Mr., 107. ; Whernham Gorse, Dormouse, 19. Whetham, Little Bittern, 8. Whetlaye [Wetelaye], John, 81— 85 Whimbrel, 11, 14. Whinchat, 13. Whitaker, John, 447. J. Ba Obit , 271. Thos., 447. Whitby, Borough Dues, 207. Whitclyff, Manor of, 103. Westley Family of, 103. White, Mr., birdstuffer, 4. Persons, see é ) Thos. W., Ports., 308. Ann, 447, Fras., 447. Rob., 448. Wheatear, 13. ; Wheeler, (—), 390. Ben, Port., | . 498, Edw., 386, 389. Hannah, 389. James, 447. John, 389. ' Rob., 386, 389. Thos., 386. W.A.,. ° Port., 429. Of Brinkworth, 107. Of Shaw, 106. House at Chippenham, 111. R. Portrait of G. Herbert, 285. W.J., Port., 310. Whitear, see Whittier. Whitehaven, 408. G. A. Hy 1112S = | - Wilbury Ho., | Wild, Ch., Drawing, 516. des le INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. 585 Whitehead, Hen., Gift to Cath., 38. Whiteheare, see Whittier. Whitehill Manor, 92. -Whiteknights (Berks), Manor of, 163, 164. Whiteparish, ‘Call to Arms, 1914,” noticed, 183, 134. Men serving in Army, Ports., 307, 308. Persons, see Harvest, \Ir.; Drake, 2nd Lieut. P. A.; Rolfe, John and ‘Vhos.; Starkey, G. A.; Whittier Family. Rolfe Family entries in Registers, 298. Whitethroat, 13. Whitley (Berks 1), 168. Whitley (Melksham) Ho., Sale Particulars, illusts., 182. Persons, see Chivers, W. Whittier, ‘[ Whiteheare, Whitear, Whytear, Whitier], and Rolfe Families, Notes on ancestry of, noticed, 298, Agnes, 298. Cs C., Writings, 298. John (I. “00 298). Marg., 298. Will., 298. Whittington, Sir Rich., founds Leadenhall Market, 442. Whittlebury (Northants), 117. Whytear, see Whittier. Whytehead, Rev. H. R., Port., 126, 309 ; Writings, 126, 134, | Wickens, Miss, 284. Wickham, East, 93. Widcombe Ho., 268. ' Widgeon, 14. Wifhide, see Fifehide. Wiggins, Mr., 107. | Wiglescote Manor, 92. Wigmund, Archbishop of York, Coin, 100. illust., 124. Wilkens, Will, 448. Wilkins, A. J., Port., 311. E. F., Port, 480. John, 447. | Wilkinson, derma ame Sama Ores Avebury, 291. Wm. and Mary, 274. | Wilks, Dr., 106. | William, Isabel, 172. Mark, 159. | Williams, Lce.-Cpl., Ports 311. Mrs., 268. “AIE., Gift, 313. “Life in a Railway Factory ” noticed, 281 ; Writings, 295, 304. Lt..Com. R. Pe Obit., 263. Will., 378. ; VOL. XXXIX.—NO. CXXVI. Williams-Freeman, Dr. J. P., Wri- tings, 393. Willis, Dr., Port., 431. Mrs., . 149, 151. C.S., Gift, 490. F. R., Port., 308. Thos., M.D., Account of and Port., noticed, 292. Willow Tit, 3. Willow Warbler, 13. Wills proved at Canterbury, 128. At Salisbury, 206. Wills, A. S., Gift, 489. Ernest, Gift, 489. E. S., Gift, 476. Wilsford old Church, 18383, illust., 291, Norman Door, re-built, 397. Rent Roll, 1499, 292. Wilshin, John, 116. Eng.-Capt. John B.. Obit. 116. Wilson, Capt. Geoff., Obit., 264. Capt. Herbert R., Obit., 512. Geo. M., Obit., 273. Jesse, 389. Dr. M.S., 264, 512. Naphthali, 889. Rich. M., 273. Wilton, 195, 269, 273, 410. Bronze Palstave, 481. Car- pet Factory revived, 273. Cosmo de Medici at, 35. Early importance of, 24. Grayling, 261. House, 510 ; illust., 306; Library Sale, 1914, 129. Inquisition, 172. Persons, see Buckeridge, G. H.; Coles, R. G.; Girling, Rev. A. ; Kendle, G. R.; Robinson, F. ; Stroud, W. KE. J. (Mayor) ; Wilson, G. M. (Mayor); Yates, Mrs. Railway accident, illust., 307. Salmon, 261. Wilton (Bedwyn), Brails Wood, 454, 459. Mosses, 451, 458, 454, 459, 460, 462. Wilts, Archdeacons of, see Douglas, Will.; Ward, Seth (II.); Ward, Thos.; Yeates, Corn. Wiltshire Agricultural Assoc., 119. Wiltshire Archeolog. Soc. accounts, 1914—1916, 185—1387, 3815— 317, 523—526. Excur- sions dropped during War, 152, 374. Magazine for Dec., 1915, not published, 147, 370, 373. Meeting at Shaftes- bury, 1914, Deficit made up, 150, 1538. Meetings at Devizes, 1915 and 1916, Reports of, 147—155; 368—374. 2 586 INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. Members, diminution of, 149, 369; List of, June, 1915, 188-146. Reports, 1915 and 1916, 149—155, 369 374. Wiltshire Bats, 492. , Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles noticed, 120—128, 280— 299, 516 —520. Camp, illust., 304. Committee for raising 25th Part, 1643, 445. Country Gentlemen and theWar, Art. noticed, 294, 295. County Chess Club, 409. Friendly Soc., 406. “Gazette,’Centenary number, noticed, 298; Proprie- tors, 412. Illustrations, &c., noticed, 304—307. Inqui- sitions Post Mortem,publication discontinued, 150, 152. Mam- mals, 492. Map of, 134. Marriage Registers, Vol. XIV. published, 287. Men fighting in France, 1624, 426. ““ Notes andQueries,” Nos.87-94,noticed, 128, 289 —292, 420. Portraits noticed ,307—311, 428—430. Regimentin the War, 1914—1917, 295, 417, 424, 513: Llusts., 304 —306, 309; In previous Wars, 424, 520; Officers, Obit. notices, 410—418. Soldiers, temp., (). Elizabeth, List of, noticed, 133. South Wiltshire, Art. on, noticed, 425. y Times, a Proprietors of, Gift, 184,481, Bal. Tokens, 312, 313. Wills proved at Canterbury, 291, 420. Yeomanry, 512. Wiltshire, David, Port., 309. Winchester, 192, 356. College, 5138. Rom. Roads, 26, 27. Windham, Mr.,, 48. Windmill Hill, see Avebury. Windover [Wendover], Edw. and Will., Monuments, 504. William, Portrait of, dis- covered at Salisbury. By F. E. Baker, 502—504, 283. Wine, Service of carrying 2 bulgeas, 65. Wingfield, 75. - Persons, see Caillard, E. M.; Hill, J. Winsley, account ‘of, noticed, 297. * Corner,” 297. Persons, see Poore, Adm. Sir R. and Lady ; Watson, L. P. Winter, Geo. T., Port., 309. Winterbourne Basset, Persons, see Babthorpe, Mr.; Kendall,H.G.O. Winterbourne Dauntsey, Little Owl nests, 403. Persons, see Gater, Mr.; Skyrme, F. E. (Rector). Quail, A065. Winterbourne Gunner=W. Cher- borough, 511. Persons, see | Skyrme, I’. E. (Rector). Winterbourne Monkton, 134. Bronze Sickle, 371, 482. Loom Weight, 312. | Winterbourne Stoke, Little Auk, | 1 Persons, see Coles, Carey; | Wiggins, Mr. Redshank, 4, Winterslow, Persons, see Carter, | John ( Rector) ; Pilgrim, Mr. : Spas and ‘Weaving, illust., | Winwood, Rev. L. H., Gift, 489. Wisdome, Mr., 107. Wise, Eliz., 448. Wishaw, Thos. (Canon), 444. Wishford, Persons, see Bower, Mr. Woodchat Shrike, 3. Withers, Dr., 106. Mr., 107. Withey, ‘Alex., 447, Witt, Hen. and Esther, 383, 389. Wittenham (Berks), 107. Wodeford, see Woodford. | Wolfhall [ Wulfhall}, 20. Kitti- | wake, 11. Manor, descent | of, 1738. Mosses, 455, 458, | 460, 461. Persons, see Clerk, | Will. Seymour of, 172. Wolves, Serjeanty of taking, and | Keeping Wolf Dogs in 14th cent., 17, 18. Wood, Mr., of Somerford, 105. Wood Lark, 18. Wood Warbler, 13. Woodborough, Mollusca, 470. Mosses, 460. ane, Francis (Rector) ; Wyld, | Capt. G. R. Squirrels, 20. White Ware | Woodchat Shrike, 3 Woodchester, Roman Pavement | 313. Woodcock, 14. Woodford [ Wodeford] and Milford, | Manor of, held by Bp. of Salis- bury, 189. Persons, see} ‘* Theta.” Prebend of, 32. Woodford, Mrs., 48. a Woodland St. Giles (Dors.), 511. | INDEX TO VOL. XXXIX. 587 ' Woodleigh (Dev.), 270. Woodman, H., Port,, 428. Woodpecker, Black, 1, 13. Golden-Winged, 2, 13. Great Spotted, 13. Green, 13. Lesser Spotted, 13. Woodpigeon, 14. Woodward (—), 396. Port., 310. Woodwork, see Potterne Altarpiece and Organ Case. See also Screens. Gt. Chalfield, © Pulpit. Woolley, J. T., Port., 308. Woolmer Ho. (Melksham), 508. Woolner, C. G., Writings, 497. Woolsacks in Heraldry, 112. Wootton Bassett, ManxShearwater, ee Persons, see Morgan, Prof. J. H.; Pynner, Mr. Wootton Rivers, Mollusca, 468. Mosses, 457. Persons, see Cowley, Mr. Property of St. John’s Coll., 270. Wootton, Will., 241. Worcester, Mosses, 450. St. Martin’s, 409. Wordsworth, Mrs., Port., 287. Mrs. (Susan Esther), 288. Canon Chr., 98, 188, 376 ; Gifts, 318, 488, 476 ; Notes on Salis- bury Cathedral, 30—57 ; on Effigies of Kings and Flood of 1309 in Salisbury Cathedral, 504, 505; on Elias de Der- ham’s Leadenhail in Salis- bury Close, 1226—1915, 433—444; on Sculpture of Salisbury Chapter House, 425, 426; ‘‘Statuta et Consuetu- dines” of Salisbury Cathedral, noticed, 280, 281 ; Writings, 280, 284, 425. John, Bp. of Salisbury, 40, 41; ‘‘ Life of, by KE. W. Watson,” noticed, 287— 289; Visitation of the Cathedral, | 1888-1890; Workon Vulgate,288. _ Worfton, Will., 86, 87. Worsley, Mr., 107. Wotton-under-Hdge, Sir Isaac Pitman’s Ho. and Memorial Tablet, illust , 108, 110. Frank, > Wotton, Ch., Port., 283. Wraxall, North [Northwrapple], 105. Wraxall, South, Persons, see Bur- bidge, Sir R. — 180, 182. Wren, 13. Fire-Crested, 3, 13. Gold-Crested, 18. Wren, Sir Chr., Stalls and Screen by, at Salisbury, removed, 52. Wrench, Mr., of Semley, 105. Wright, Mr. (I. and IJ.), 107. Wrightson, Prof. John, Obit., 510. Sir Thos., 610. Wrockeshale, Geof. de, 71. Wroughton Fire, illust., 307. Manor House, illust., 307. Parish Boundary, 420. Sarsens, 518. See also Sal- thorpe. Wroughton, Sir Chr., 174, 177, 179, John, 167, 178. Wroxall (1. of W.), 409. Wryneck, 18. Wrytele, Rog. de, 71. Wulfhall, see. Wolfhall. Wyatt, James, Designs for Font- hill, 516. Removes Screen at Salisbury Cathedral, 505. Work in Cathedral, 52, 489. Wyche, John, Port., 283. Reg. de, 198. Wyld, Rev. C. N., Gift, 489. Canon E. G., 116. ~ Capt. G. R., Obit., 116. Wyle, Walt. de la, Bishop, Fair granted to, 195. Wylye River, 8, 260. Grayling, 261. Miller’s Thumb, 259. Wylye, Great Grey Shrike, 6. Palmated Newt, 259. Per- sons, see Bower, Mr.; Hadow, G. R. (Rector) ; Lee, John (Rec- tor); Meade, Hon. Sidney (Rec- tor). Red-Throated Diver, 10. Registers published, 269. Wyly, John, 234, 378. Wyndham, Mrs., 54. CBERs 396; Vol. of “MS. Collections for Wilts,” 395 —401. HEP: 256, 290. Rt. Hon. Geo., Bust, illust., 308. Lt. Geo. Heremon, Port., 295. Lt, Percy, Port., 295. sir T., Funeral Sermons ordered, 84. Wynfryngham, Eustace de, 87. Wyse, John, 222, 246. Wyville, Bishop, Register of, 362. Wyvlesford, Peter de, 71. Y. E., Gift, 490. Yanley (Som.), Wansdyke, 295. Yarnbury Castle Camp, Rom. Remains, 401. 588 | INDEX TO Yates, Mr., 106. : Mrs., Port., 308. A., Gift, 431. Yatesbury, Manor of, and advow- son, 80, 84, 85. Patrick, Rector of, 81—86. Persons, see Guillebaud, Lt. G. P. and J. A. (Rector); Whetlaye, J. (Rector). . Yattendon (Berks), 106. Site of Ethandune? 292. Yatton, site of Ethandune? 292. Yeates, Cornelius, Archdeacon of Wilts, 42, Yellowshank in Wilts (error), 4 Yeomanry, Wilts, 302. Illusts., 305, 311. Yerbury, Edw., 520. Yokohama, 278. Yonge, Mr., 107. York Minster, Screen, 505. ‘Town Crier, 133. SEUBUIAN ene - a wr %, - eek Ai eas / get tt + VOL, XXXIX. York, Archbishop Thos., 174. York, Duke of, Rich., 875, 377. Yorke, Will. (I. and I1.), own Young, Dean of Salisbury, 47. Mr., 55; owns Bremeridge, 447. A. C, 393. K. H. J; Port., 308, Frank, Port., 307. W. A. P., Port, 3ll- W. H., 186. Basset Down, 419. | Ypres, Battle, 267, 808, 409, 411— 413, 417. Zanzibar, 115. Zeals, Bat, 16. Owned by | Miss Grove, 51. Persons, | sce Henslow, L. R. (Rector). Zonitoides nitidus, 469. Zoology, Bibliography of | Wiltshire, by G, B. Hony, 491-498. — Zy godon, species in Wilts, 450, 456. 28 0CT 1938 END OF VOL, XXXIX. C. H. Woodward, Printer and Publisher, Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes. — THE SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS (Continued), STONEHENGE AND ITS BARROWS, by W. Long, Nos. 46-47 of the Magazine in separate wrapper, 7s. 6d. This still remains the best and most reliable account of Stonehenge and its Karthworks. WILTSHIRE—The TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS OF JOHN AUBREY, F.R.S., A.D. 1659-1670. Corrected and enlarged by the Rev. Canon J. Ii. Jackson, M.A., F.S.A. 4to, Cloth, pp. 491, with 46 plates. Price £2 10s. WILTSHIRE INQUISITIONES POST MORTEM. CHARLES I, 8vo, pp. vii. + 501. 1901. With full index. In 8 parts, as issued. Price 13s. DITTO. IN THE REIGNS OF HEN. III, ED. I., and ED. II. 8vo, pp. xv., 505. In parts as issued, Price 13s. DITTO. FROM THE REIGN OF ED. III. 8vo., pp. 402. In six parts as issued. Price 138s. A BIBLIOGRAPHY or tute GREAT STONE MONUMENTS oF WILTSHIRE, STONEHENGE anv AVEBUMY, with other references, by W. Jerome Harrison, F.G.S., pp. 169, with 4 illustrations. No. 89,Dec., 1901, of the Magazine. Price 5s. 6d. Contains particulars as to 947 books, papers, &c., by 732 authors, - THE TROPENELL CARTULARY. Animportant work in 2 vols., 8vo, pp. 927, containing a great number of deeds connected with property in many Wiltshire Parishes of the 14th and 15th centuries. Only 150 copies were printed, of which a few are left. Price to members, £1 10s., and to non- members, £2. WILTSHIRE MAMMALS, BIRDS, & REPTILES. Mr. G. B. Hony, 4, Beaufort Road, Clifton, Bristol, will be greatly obliged if members would kindly send him notice of the occurrence of any rare birds or of their nesting within the borders of the County, or of the occurrence of unusual mammals or reptiles. BOOKBINDING. Books carefully Bound to pattern. This department now greatly enlarged. Wilts Archeological Magazine bound to match previous volumes. We have several back numbers to make up sets. C. H. WOODWARD, Printer and Publisher, Exchange Buildings, Station Road, Devizes. THE North Wilts Museum and LIBRARY AT DEVIZES. ee eee In answer to the appeal made in 1905, annual subscriptions varying from £2 to 5s., to the amount of about £32 a year for this purpose have been given by about seventy Members of the Society and the fund thus set on foot has enabled the Committee already to add much to the efficiency of the Library and Museum. It is very desirable that this fund should be raised to at least £50 a year, in order that the General Fund of the Society may be released to a large extent from the cost of the Museum, and set free for the other purposes of the Society. Subseriptions of 5s. a year, or upwards, are asked for, and should be sent either to Mr. D.,OwrEN, Bank Chambers, Devizes, or Rev. EK. H. Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Swindon. ee eee The Committee appeal to Members of the Society and others to secure any Objects of Antiquity, Specimens of unusual Birds, Butterflies, or Moths, found in the County of Wilts’ and to forward them to the Hon. 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