89 WORKING PLAN (REVISED) Y HO 04 361 UC-NRLF THB C 5 b?7 141 RESERVED FORESTS OF THK JALPAIGURI DIVISION BT F. TR AFFORD, ESQ., at g) a r i 1 1 li it 9 : J'.KNOAl, SECP.ETAllTAT TOP!', TRESS. 1905. W /or s I a. 3 4 6 /Z WORKING PLAN (REVISED) TOR TH« RESERVED FORESTS OF TH1 JALPAIGURI DIVISION BY F. TRAFFORD, ESQ., at BENGAL SECRETARIAT TOUR PRESS. 1905. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART I. SUMMARY OF FACTS ON WHICH PROPOSALS ARE BASED. Chapter I. Description of the tract dealt with ... Page Chapter II. Composition and Condition of the Forests ... ,, Section 1. Distribution and area ... „ 2. State of boundaries ... .- „ 3. Legal position ... ... .. ... „ 4. Bights _ „ B. Composition and condition of the crop ... ..< „ „ Condition of coppiced areas ... ... ... „ „ Conversion of Sal into evergreen forest „ „ Kate of growth of Sal ... ... ... „ 6. Injuries to which the crop is liable ... ... Chapter III. System of management Utilization of the Produce Section 1. Past and present system of management. „ 2. Special works of improvement undertaken ,, 3. Past revenue and expenditure » Chapter IV. Marketable products and quantities consumed in past years Lines of export .„ Markets ... .» Mode of extraction and its cost ... ... N et value of each class of produce ... ... Miscellaneous Facts » Section 1. ,, 2. „ 3. „ 4. „ 5. Chapter V. Section 1 . The forest staff ... — ... ... — ,, 2. Labour supply ._ PART II. FUTURE MANAGEMENT DISCUSSED AND PRESCRIBE]). Chapter I. Basis of proposals Section 1. Working-Circles and felling series ... ... ... -~ Sal forest ... ... ... .- Mixed forest ... ... ... ... ... „ 2. Compartments; justification of subdivision adopted ... ... „ 3. Analysis of the crop ... ... ... ... Chapter II. Method of treatment ... ... ... ••• Section 1. Object sought to be attained ... ... ... „ 2. Method of treatment adopted ... .~ ... „ 3. The exploitable age. ... ... Chapter III. The Fellings ... Section 1. The general working schemes and calculation of the possibility ,, 2. Period for which fellings are prescribed ... ... „ 3. Order of allotment of areas felled annually ... ... .,. „ 4. Mode of executing fellings „ B. Forecast of the condition of the crop at the conclusion of the fellings „ 6. Table of fellings Chapter IV. Miscellaneous regulations Section 1. Thinnings, cleanings and weedingg ... ... ... _, ,, 2. Creeper cutting ... ... ... ... ... „ 3. Grazing ... ... ... ... „ 4. Sowing and planting „ 6. Improvements common to the whole area ». „ „ Roads. „ „ Buildings. „ „ Proiection from fire ... ... ... ... „ „ Boundaries ... ... ... ... .„ Chapter V. Miscellaneous Section 1. Miscellaneous prescriptions ... ... ... , 2. Changes proposed in the forest staff „ 3. Financial results of proposed working .- ._ ... APPENDICES. I. Area statement. I 1. Results of measurements in sample plots III. Work done in cutting creepers I V. Areas worked over under Coppice with Standards V. Financial statement VI. Statement of outturn ... ... ... VII. Results of fire protection VIII. Works prescribed and suggested — (a.) Roads ... ... ... .„ (b.) Buildings ... ._ ._ ... .„ (c.) Cleanings and weedingg ... . . ... (d.) Cutting of creepers ... • ]~] (e.) Summary of piescriptions and suggestions *•«* :..'• 10 11 n n •i 12 13 14 to 16 17 » n J» ^ 394564 18 19 5) I II »> III IV VI tt 'I INTRODUCTION. This report is ft revision of the working- plan for the Jalpaiguri Forest Division, sanctioned in the Government of Bengal's letter No. 4320, dated 5th December 1899, for ten years, with effect from the Forest year 1896-97, which consequently expires at the end of the Forest year 1905-06. In the ordinary course the provisions of a revised plan would come into effect from the Forest year 1906-07, but doubts having arisen as to the suita- bility of the prescriptions of the plan under revision, the forests were visited by the Inspector- General of Forests, and in a note, dated 7th February, 1904, he advised that an alteration in treatment should be introduced without delay. In anticipation of orders, Improvement fellings were substituted for Coppice with Standards in the sal bearing areas in the season of 1903-04, though the area worked over remained unchanged. In the following working season, 1904-05, fuller effect was given to the Inspector-General of Forests' recommendations. These alterations in treatment were sanctioned by the Local Government in their letter No. 999, dated the 28th May 1904. Some delay has occurred in the preparation of the revised plan owing to the writer having only assumed charge of the Division in November 1903, and being required to make a personal inspection of all portions of the area dealt with and to •collect the necessary information in order to draw up the revised plan. The preliminary report on the working-plan was approved by the Inspector-General of Forests in his letter No. 5 W. P., dated the 26th July 1 905, and the Government of Bengal have sanctioned the proposals therein being given effect to at once in their letter, No. 2950 T.R., dated the llth September 1905. The present plan should be read in conjunction with the original plan as it has not been considered necessary to reproduce all the information given therein. No special outlay has been incurred in the preparation of this plan, the work having been done by the Divisional Forest Officer alone in addition to his own duties. F. TBAFFOBD, Deputy Conservator of Forests, Jalpaiguri Division. 3 PART I. SUMMARY OF FACTS ON WHICH THE PROPOSALS ARE BASED. CHAPTER I. DESCRIPTION OF THE TRACT DEALT WITH. Section 1. General description. 1. There is hardly anything to add to the description given in the origi- nal plan. Severe frost was observed in February 1904. The extension of cul- tivation of all crops has changed the appearance of the country outside the forests and reduced the area available for grazing. CHAPTER II. COMPOSITION AND CONDITION OF THE FORESTS. Section 1. 'Distribution and area. 2. The area of the Forests is now 113,606 acres=177 square miles. Since 1896, 3,259 acres have been excluded from the forests as follows: — 2609 acres, comprising the whole of the Tista Forest, have been dis- forested under Government of Bengal Notification, No. 2607 T. R., dated 28th August 1905. 502 acres, comprising the area taken up for Railway construction are now under the control of the Bengal Duars Railway Company. 148 acres, erroneously considered to be within the Reserved Forests, was found to have been included in the grant leased out to the Gairkhata Tea Company and was restored to this company in 1902. Section 2. State of boundaries. 3. The only other changes of boundary not caused by the above change of area have been due to alterations in the courses of certain rivers Breviously gazetted as natural boundaries, notably the Dharla, Jaldaka and ainah rivers. These rivers, by depositing boulders and stones in their own beds, raise the level of these beds until they overtop the surrounding coun- try when the river changes its course ; as the old beds soon get covered up with grass and tree growth, their courses are apt to become obliterated in a few years. In one instance a change of river bed has obliterated a demarcated boundary but it will not be so difficult to relay this at any future time as the artificial boundary runs straight for a considerable distance. Section 3. Legal position, 4. No alterations have to be recorded. Section 4. Rights. 5. No rights exist. Section 5. Composition and condition of the crop. 6. The previous working-plan goes into this in great detail giving eight different types. For the purposes of this plan it will be sufficient to distinguish only four types which merge into one another and are found in ma'ny places inextricably combined. These are (a) Sal, (b) Mixed (dry) (c) Evergreen (d) Savannah. The main changes which have taken place have been the spreading of sal, mixed and evergreen forests into the savannah and the partial retrogression of the sal forest. This has changed the appearance of the forests considerably in certain parts. 7. Besides this, owing to the past method of working, some 3,594 acres have been converted from High Sal forests to Coppice with Standards, (see Appendix IV.) Of this area 896 acres was worked over before 1896-97. Had the prescriptions of the plan been fully worked up to, an area of 5,439 acres of sal forest would have now become Coppice with Standards; owing to want of demand for firewood, however, an area of 1,845 acres escaped being exploited. 8. The condition of the area worked over under Coppice with Standards varies according to the age of the coupe. In the first two "areai?01^10 or three years after felling, the coppice shoots hold their own fairly well, but by the 4th year the dense mass of creepers which make their appearance as soon as light is let into the forest overtop and smother all coppice shoots. Coppice shoots of sal get bent by the weight of the creep- ers above them and appear to lose their vitality. In the 6th year coppice shoots and seedlings of other species, such as malota, have overtopped the sal coppice shoots and seedlings which, except in favourable localities}, appear as half dead, suppressed saplings in the 10th year, and by the 12th year have almost disappeared, the forest having become a dense thicket of creepers and poles, 18" to 24" in girth and some 30' high, with a few standards of sal scattered here and there. The first coppice felling took place in 1892-93, 9. This tendency is shown in a marked degree by a recounting in C°euef "rest0* sai int° tne Dumchi sal area (244 acres) made after an interval of 10 years had elapsed after the first counting. The following shows the result : — Year of counting. Seedlings under 3" diameter. Diameter classes. 3"- 6" 6 "-9" 9" -12" 12"-15" 15"-18' 1894-95 Not recorded ... 2,212 2,636 2,832 2,732 1,870 1904-05 Very scarce ... 1,200 1,6£3 2,523 2,784 2,264 Increase • t • *t« • • • •••• 52 394 Decrease t •• 1,012 973 309 • •• • •• This shows that, though there was ample room for an increased produc- tion of sal, large number of seedlings and small poles have disappeared, and there must have been very few replacements. This area has been closed to the felling of sal, and only dry trees have been removed. 10. 'Appendix II shows the results of measurements taken in sample Rate of growth given by i plots. They confirm the impressions already prevalent .ample plo j « it grows in the Jalpaiguri Division, the growth in Muraghat being more rapid than that in Tondu and a long away ahead of the growth in Apalchand Forest. The difference in growth between trees in untouched forest and the standards in coppiced coupes is remarkable. This difference is not so great as one would be led to expect from the appearance of the position of the trees in both cases, particularly when it is taken into consideration that the standards selected are the best grown and healthiest trees, whereas no discri- mination was made in the case of the trees in the untouched forest over half of which would have been removed. Bad only trees which would have been reserved as standards been measured in the latter case, it would have been interesting to note the result. 11. The area statement is given in Appendix I. Section 6- Injuries to which the crop is liable. 12. Fires. A list of fires which occurred during the last eight year* is given in Appendix VII. Creepers. The work done in cutting climbers is given in Appendix III, Frost. Frost injured numbers of malola trees where they were expos- ed in grass areas during February 1905. Hail. A hail storm in April 1900 defoliated all sal trees in North. Tondu forest. Storm, A cyclonic storm in April 1904 uprooted some 3,000 sal trees a large proportion being over 6 feet in girth. Insects. Defoliators have constantly attacked sal. The year 1899 being a particularly bad one; after the cyclone in 1904 a number of standing sal trees were killed by beetles which attacked them, and many of the windfalls were found to be full of larvae. CHAPTER III. SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT. Section 1. Past and present system of management. 13. The past system of management is clearly explained in the work- ing-plan now under revision and the present system of management is that laid down in Part II. below. Section 2. Special works of improvement undertaken. 14. These are also prescribed in the plan under revision. Appendix III. shows the work done in creeper cutting. Section 3. Past revenue and expenditure. 15. The revenue and expenditure of the Division from 1896-97 are detailed in Appendix V. and the averages of the 9 years were as follows: — Average yearly revenue ... 58,251 ,, „ expenditure ... 35,738 „ „ surplus ... 22,513 CHAPTER IV. UTILIZATION OF THE PRODUCE. Section. 1. Marketable products and quantities consumed in past years. 16. The statement giving the main products consumed and their quanti- ties is given in Appendix VI. The averages for 9 years were as follows:— Logs 39,626 cubic feet, Poles 29,681 do. Fuel 1,174,258 do. Revenue from grazing ... ... ... Rs. 6,178 Do. do. minor products and other]sources. ... ,, 1,951 Section 2. Lines of export. 17. The working-plan under revision, (pages 26, 27,) goes fully into the lines of export which, with the exception of the railway which has extended eastwards from Mai to Madarihat, have not altered appreciably. 18. The Tista and the Dudua are the only rivers utilized for floating purposes. The former is practically open the whole cold weather but the latter, passing via the Jaldaka and Dhurla rivers into the Brahmaputra, ia only open for a month or two after the end of the rains. The other rivers have too rapid a current to enable boats to be brought up stream without diffi- culty and the same objection applies to the first-named rivers during the rainy season. ' 19. Timber is mostly exported by rail owing to the convenience of rapid transit, but the rates are so high that export by cart to markets south of the district still obtains. Ramshai, Barodighi and Ldtaguri on the Bengal Duars Railway are the main stations for the export of timber from the Tondu forest, and Binnaguri station would be the natural outlet for timber from the Muraghat forest, were it not that the rate on the northern section of the railway, that is 0'8 of a pie per maund, per mile, is too high to enable purchasers to profitably remove timber over the long length of line, viz., 44 miles, between Lataguri and Binnaguri, though* the distance by road is only 24 miles. The following figures show the export of timber from the District by rail over the Bengal Dudrs Railway in the past five years: — Years. Tons. 1900 . . 393 1901 1902 1903 1904 514 199 459 1,010 Section 3. Markets, 2. Nearly every station on the Eastern Bengal State Railway is the nucleus of a market for timber, the most important being Rangpur and Nattore. Mandalghat is the chief market on the Tista rive*, and Mathabhanga, •where the Dudua meets the Jaldaka, is a market from which timber is subsequently carried by large boats to Eastern Bengal. Tea gardens, of which thirty-three now tike fuel from the forests, are almost the only customers for firewood. 2,170,282 cubic feet of firewood were removed during 1904-05. Section 4. Mode of extraction and its cost. 21. Timber is brought to the lines of export by cart at a rate of from two annas to three annas per cubic foot up to a distance of eight miles, according to the size of the logs and the distance they have to be carried- For small logs and scantlings the rate is -/2/- a cubic foot, and for metre gauge sleepers, which are easy to load and carry, the rate is two annas each up to the same distance, which represents a day's carting. 22. Firewood costs about Us. 6/- a 100 maunds to cut, and from Rs. 5/- to Rs. 15/- to cart according to the lead and condition of the road. It costs from Rs. 18/- to Rs. 27/- a hundred maunds, including royalty, to land wood fuel at the different tea estates, but coal is now used to a great extent, the railway having now reduced the rates so that it can be delivered at railway stations from eight to ten annas per maund. Section 6. Net value of each class of produce. 23. The net value of each class of produce depends on the position of the forest with reference to the lines of exports and market. Sal timber from 4 to 7 annas per cubic foot. Other „ from 9 pies to 3 annas per „ Sal poles from 8 annas to 8 rupees each. Other „ from 1 anna to 8 annas „ Firewood 1/4/- per 100 cubic feet. Grazing from 4 annas to 6 annas per head per month. CHAPTER V. MISCELLANEOUS FACTS. Section L The forest staff. 24. The following shows the forest staff at present on duty in the three Ranges. Range. Number. Pay. , 1 Ranger 50 Apalchand ... ,..< 1 2 Forest Guard Do. 12 8 ( 2 Do. 7 Upper Toudu ... ... -J 1 3 Deputy Ranger Forest Guards 35 8 r 1 1 Ranger Deputy Ranger 80 30 Lower Toudu ... ...^ 1 Forest Guard 10 J 3 Do. 8 L 3 Do. 7 f 1 Ranger 60 I 1 Forester 25 Muragbat ... ...^ 2 Forest Guards 10 L 2 3 Do. Do. 8 7 The staff is sufficient in point of numbers except during the cold weather, when it is strengthened by the addition of temporary establish- ment consisting of overseers, special chowkidars and fire patrols. After the working season as much leave as possible is granted in turn to the permanent subordinates to enable them to recruit outside the malarious influences of the forests. 8 25. The pay of Forest Guards is, however, extremely low, compared with the prevailing rates for labour in the district and is a direct incentive to blackmailing and dishonesty. Frequent resignations amongst this class of subordinates tend to add to the difficulty of protection and improvement of the forest. Section 2. Labour supply. 26. The greater part of the labour supply in the forests comes from outside the district and is consequently unreliable ; Nooniah coolies from Behar do road work and Nepalis undertake creeper cutting, line clearing etc. The rates work out to about one anna per hour's work for daily labour, creeper cutting is done at -/2/- an acre, earthwork 3/- to lls. 5/- per 1000 cubic feet and line clearing at Re. I/- per foot wide (cleared) per mile of length. Settlers have been permitted to settle down in the forest and cultivate ; they supply labour at -/4/- per day and are invaluable for fire protection. PART II. FUTURE MANAGEMENT DISCUSSED AND PRESCRIBED. CHAPTER I. BASIS OF PROPOSALS, Section /. Working- Circles. 27. It is necessary to make a broad distinction between : — (a) Sal producing areas, and (ft) Mixed forest containing little or no sal though this distinction cannot be absolute. The sal producing areas can be conveniently divided into 3 Working-Circles, corresponding with the three ranges which contain sal, and these are split up into felling series as shown in the following table: — • Sal Forest. Working-Circle. Felling Series. Block. Sal forest Mixed forest. Total stocked area. Total area. Remarks . Apalchand I Oodlabari ... ,., Sealduba ... Ohurabhija Hanskhali... Phuljhora ... Chel River Apalchand... Acres. 1.300 1,300 850 1,140 1,000 600 1,200 Acres . 300 100 350 260 200 200 200 Acres . 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,400 1,200 800 1,400 2,339 1,405 1.455 2,952 3,081 1.487 2,042 Total 7,390 1,610 9,000 14,761 11 Chengmari Malhati ... 600 150 150 100 750 250 981 320 Total 750 250 1,000 1,301 Total of Working-Circle 8,140 1,860 10,000 16,062 -"', Lower Tondu... Not sud-divided into felling series. Unworked Lower Indong Central ... Gorumara .. Medlajhora Barohiiti ... Bichabanga 2 & 3 ... Lataguri 3 & 4 Dhupjhora Tondu 1, 2 & 3 Bhokulmardi Kakurjhora (part) ... 1,200 1,100 1,000 1,600 1,200 500 800 400 1,000 1,100 400 100 200 400 400 400 150 100 500 160 300 350 ],300 1,300 1,400 2.000 1.600 650 900 900 1.160 1,400 750 1,770 1,446 1,505 2,520 2,223 690 2,255 1,458 1,505 1,825 800 64 Total of Working-Circle 10,300 3,060 13;360 18,061 ^ Muraghat I North Central 1,000 1,600 700 1.400 1.700 3,000 2.690 4,004 Total 2,600 2,100 4,700 6,694 < II South 1,500 1,000 2,500 5.04C III Dalgaon ... 500 300 800 1,471 Ooshaihat 1876 Salbari 16 5> Total of Working-Circle 4,600 3.400 8.000 15.103 NOTE.— These Working-Circles will hereafter be referred to as the Sal Working-Circles. 10 28. (6) Mixed Forest. The Mixed Forests have been divided into two "Working-Circles corresponding with the Ranges in which they occur. Owiag to the disforestment of the Tista Block, there is not sufficient Mixed Forest in a compact area, in the Apalchand flange, to form a separate Working -Circle. The following tahle shows the constitution of Working- Circles and felling series : — Working Circle. Series. Block or Forest. Mixed Forest. Sal Forest. Total in- uding un- stocked areas. Upper Toudu. Muraghat. Sursuti. Neora. Bamaudanga. Tomlu. Grassmore. Cheugmari. Hathiuala. Pangjhora. Chapramari. Sipcliu. Sursuti 1 to 4 ^ndong 2 ... iakurjhora... Total ... Acres. 900 9JO 400 Acres. 700 100 3,693 1,000 510 2,200 800 5,203 Jataguri 1 & 2 tfeora Nadi... ESichahhauga Sursuti 5 ... Total ... 240 420 480 60 670 300 300 100 1,302 731 878 1,137 1,200 1,370 4,048 Daiiiah (part) Toudu 4 & 5 Jaldaka Total ... 1,200 240 160 100 4,000 1,519 950 1,600 100 6,469 Daiiiah Jaldaka Sulkapara Total ... 1,500 300 1,200 350 4.000 950 1,830 3,000 350 6,780 Daiiiah 3,000 ... 4,000 Dainah 2,000 ... 3,855 Jaldaka Hilajhora Total .. 600 2,400 *50 880 3,526 3,000 50 4,406 Pangjhora .. Upper Indong Total .. 3,750 1,250 300 4.440 1,352 5,000 300 5,792 Chapramari Udlajliora Nagrakata Total ... 1,800 1,500 1,500 350 2,735 1,560 1..730 4,800 350 6,025 1,400 ... 1,542 Total ^ Vorking-Circle 27,200 3,320 244 • • • • • • 48,120 Dumchi. Rehti. Khairbari. Titi. Total 1 Dumchi Rehti Khairbari Titi 2,400 2,800 1,400 8,000 3,018 3,263 1,812 8,167 Vorking-Circle 14,600 244 16,260 NOTE— These Working-Circles will hereafter be referred to as the Mixed Working-Circlei. 11 Section 2. Compartments; justification of the sub-division adopted. 29 No change is proposed from the Bub-division adopted in the jtlan under revision. Section 3. Analysis of the crop. 30 The working plan map prepared for the plan under revision lias heen compared, with the crop on the ground. In some places, pro- gress in natural afforestation has heen slow, hut in others it is fairly clear That considerable changes have taken place. In the Apalchand Jfange, areas in the Udlabdri, Phuljhora, Chel river and Apalchand Blocks, shown as savannah in the old stock maps, now contain mixed forest, whereas in Hanskhali and Churabhija there is no marked alteration. These types not only merge into one another but are constantly changing, and a stock map is constantly getting out of date. An attempt has been made to rectify the areas given in the old stock map to a slight extent. No sal, for instance, was shown as existing in Indong compartment 2 ; whereas there are at least 100 acres of sal in this block in the north-east corner alone, not to speak of small patches in the interior. There is also more than 60 acres of grass and 70 acres of unproductive land in Dumchi. For purposes of working, the Dainah Forest has been estimated to contain 7,700 ncres and the Jaldaka Forest 1,060 acres of mixed khuir and «mw forest, capable of being worked over for firewood, the balance being river bed, savannahs and grassy churs covered with khair and sissu seedlings. CHAPTER II. METHOD OF TREATMENT. Sec/ion 7. Object nought to be attained. 31 Sal Working-Circles. The object aimed at is to produce as much sal timber of large size and good quality as possible, and it is decided to utilise for fuel and other purposes trees of inferior kinds which can be cut out so as to benefit the sal. 32. Mixed Working-Circles. The object is to obtain a sustained yield of firewood and produce as large a supply as possible of trees which yield timber for box planking and other purposes. Section 2, Method of treatment adopted. 33. Sal Working-Circles. As the number of mature sal trees is comparatively small, and as trees of inferior species are numerous and, in many places tend to get the upper hand, Improvement fellings are prescribed. In the 8,320 acres of mixed forest included in these Working- Circles the Improvement felling will closely resemble a Coppice with Standards felling 34. Mixed-Working Circles. Coppice with Standard fellings are prescribed, as this is the only treatment likely to secure the objects aimed at. Section 3. '/'he exploitable age. 35. Sal Working-Circles- As in neighbouring forests the minimum exploitable diameter for sal may be assumed to be 2'; judging from the rate of growth indicated in Appendix II a sal tree of this size should be 75 years old. 36. Mixed Working-Circles. From observations made on the oldest coupes, it is fairly evident that a fair amount of fuel in good sized billets could be obtained from coppice 16 years old- To allow a sufficient margin and to give a better class of fuel, 20 years has been adopted as the exploitable age for coppice. As regards the standards, which will merely consist of different kinds of superior species, no age can be fixed upon, but all trees which have reached a girth of seven feet will be considered ripe for felling. 12 CHAPTER III. THE FELLINGS. Section 1. Ihe general working schemes and calculation of the possibility. 37. Timber. Sal Working-Circle — From estimates based on mark- ings made by the writer in the Sealduba block, Apalch.-md forest :md Lataguri block, Lower Tondu forest, it is anticipated that the yield in timber will amount to about 55 cubic feet of sal per acre in the former and 40 cubic feet in the latter. The latter block has, however, suffered in the past from fires so that the trees which have been removed are frequently short and stunted. 38. Firewood, The quantity of firewood available varies so much that, it is difficult to make an estimate, but the yield may safely be taken at 500 cubic feet per acre where there is sufficient demand to warrant its extraction. 39. Mixed Working- Circles — It is not anticipated that the yield of timber will be appreciable. The outturn of fuel varies according to the character of the crop. Taking the figures for 1904-05, the densely stocked Sipchu block yielded 1,400 cubic feet per acre, whereas, in the thinly stocked Pangjhora block, the firewood obtained worked out to only 300 cubic feet per acre. The average yield of all coupes worked under Coppice with Standards amounted to 700 cubic feet per acre. Section 2. Period /or which fellings are prescribed. 40. The most important fellings are the Improvement fellings which will take 15 years to traverse the area under treatment. Consequently fellings in all Working-Circles are prescribed for 15 years- Section 3. Areas to be felled annually or periodically: order of their allotment. 41- In each of the Sal Working-Circles the average yearly coupe will be ith of the productive area of the Working-Circle, i.e., of the area- stocked with sal and mixed forest, except in the case of Series It of Apal- chand and the whole of the Lower Tondu Working-Circle where the annual coupe will be about j^th of the sal area. In the Mixed Working-Circles ^th of the productive area will be worked over annually. The whole area of every Working- Circle will be open to the extraction of dry timber at the discretion of the divisional forest officer. 42. The order of the allotment of the fellings is given in the tabular statement at the end of this chapter and for Improvement fellings, the position of the areas to be worked over is clearly shown in the map annexed to this report. Section 4. Nature and mode of executing the fellings. 43. S»l Working- Circles: — In these the exploitation of sal will include the removal of : — (a) all sal trees over 2 feet in diameter, (ft) all sal trees which show signs of deterioration being dead, hollow, crooked, or top-broken and 13 (c) all large spreading sal trees with short boles and surrounded with a good growth of young sal saplings. In addition to this, thinnings will be made amoogst dense sal poles, some of which must be suppressed in the course of the next fifteen years. These latter must be marked with great care. The exploitation of other kinds of trees will consist in the removal of all trees over 18" girth where there is a demand for them, but where there is no such demand, only those trees which dominate advance growth of sal should be cut. As the cutting of the inferior species of trees cannot benefit the advance growth of sal unless it is followed by the successive weedings and cleanings prescribed in para. 48 it is necessary to prescribe that the cutting of such trees in sal areas shall not continue unless the weedings, are up to date. It may be noted that it is anticipated that there will be a large demand for inferior trees for fuel in the Muraghat Sal Working-Circle and in Series I of the Apalchand Sal Working- Circle, but there will probably 1)0 little demand for fuel in the Lower Tondu Sal Working-Circle and Series II of the Apalchand Sal Working-Circle The Improvement fellings will practically be Coppice fellings in those areas devoid of sal and containing only evergreen or mixed species of trees. 44. Mixed Working-Circle. — Standards should be selected before coppice felling starts- All promising trees of the following species of less than 7 feet in girth being marked for reservation, i. e., sal, sissu, champ, tun, yoyuldhup, mallagiri, kainjal, simal and kadam. Where the foi'est consists of almost pure khnir, not less than forty poles to the acre should be reserved- Where there is any considerable amount of sal, the fellings should, as far as possible, resemble the Improve- ment fellings prescribed in the sat areas. It will probably be unnecessary to work over the sal forest included in these Working-Circles. Should it, however, be found necessary to do so, it must be worked over under the method of Improvement fellings laid down for Sal Working-Circles. It is not anticipated that any exploitation will take place in the Mura- ghat, mixed Working-Circle owing to want of demand at present, as tea gardens in the vicinity have sufficient firewood in their grants to last them another ten years. Section 5. Forecast of the condition of the crop at the conclusion of the I Mings. 45- Sal Working-Circles. Where trees of inferior species are sale- able, there should be a considerable increase in the stand of sal timber. Trees of all ages will be well represented, and there should be a good stock of sal saplings to form an extension of sal forest wherever the soil is suitable for the growth of sal. Trees of miscellaneous species will all be of comparatively small dimensions. Where inferior trees cannot be disposed of, improvements will probably be less marked. 46. Mixed Working-Circles- This will contain forest of coppice shoots and seedlings, chiefly of miscellaneous species, but with a higher proportion of sal, champ and other more valuable species. The coppiced forest will range in age from 1 to 20 years and each of the age classes will occupy approximately equal areas unless there are fluctuations in the demand. There will also be patches of high forest of sal, particularly in the Lower Tondu, as the demand will not, in these series, reach the supply avail- able. The sal area in Dumchi will also be held in reserve- It is possible that the remote portions of the forest in the Upper Tondu series may not be completely worked over owing to the increasing use of coal of which the price already low may fall still lower- 14 Section 6. 47 TABLE OP FELLINGS. Apalchand Sal Working-Circle. Lower Toridu Sal Work- ing Circle. Series I Series 11. Area to Remarks. Area to Year. Compartment. Area to 3e worked Block. be worked over. Compartment . )e worked over. over. sal only." 'sal only.) 1904-05 | 1905-06 1906-07 1907-08 1908-09 Sealduba (1.) Chel (1.) Churabhija (1.) Churabhija (2) and (3.) Apalchand (1) and (2.) Apalchand (3) and (4) } 560 570 I 630 j- 550 500 Chengmari. » 50 50 50 50 50 Lataguri (3) & (4) fBichabh:ii>ga(3) \Barohati(2)&(3) JBarohati (l; \Bichabbanga (2) JBarohati .4) \Medlfljbora (4) Medlajhora(3) 800 } 790 I 770 | 540 600 1909-10 1 1910-11 Do. (5.) Phuljhora (1) Do. (2.) I 750 600 ii 50 50 Fellings only to be carried out so lon^ as cleanings pres Medlajhora (1)&;2) Central (1) 600 500 1911-12 / Do. (3.) f 600 § 50 cribed in para 48 /21 600 i Chel (2.) are up to date. •i \f>} 1912-13 Hat.skhali ;2.) 730 „ 50 Indong (3) 700 1913-14 Do. a.) 670 »i 50 il) & (4) 5»iO 1914-15 1915-16 | Udlabari (2) and (3.) Do. (2.) 550 } 620 " 50 50 (Dhupjhora \Bhok ulmardi (1) } 700 550 Sealduba (4.) " | 1916-17 1917-18 Udlabari (1.) Sealduba (2.) 600 570 Malhati. n 50 50 / •• (») \Kakurjhora Tondu ^1) (2) & j- 650 (3) part 750 1918-19 J Do. (3.) Chel (1.) } 500 ii 50 / ,. (3) pare \Gorumara } 1,250 Sal Workincr.Circle. Series I. Series IL Series III, Te«r. Remarks Block. Area. Block. Area . Forest. Area. 1904-05 .. Central 300 South ... 150 D;ilg;von 50 1905-06 .. «> 300 ii 150 ... 50 Fellino-s 1906-07 .. 31 ... 300 >i ... 150 ... 50 "^** only to 1907-08 .. U 300 it •'" ... 150 ... 50 to be car- 1908-09 .. » 300 ii ... 150 i •• • 50 lied out 1909-10 .. it ••• 300 II ; ... 150 50 so longus 1910-11 .. 1911-12 .. 1912-13 .. II ... II » 300 300 300 II >l " — " "'V 150 150 150 ii 50 50 50 cleanings presciib- edin$48 1913-14 II ... 300 « 150 ii 50 ire up tc 1914-15 .. 19^5-16 .. North (old coupes) ... i> »•» 340 340 South (old coupes) ... t* ... 1 ( 200 200 Dalgaon (old coupes.) ii ••• 60 60 date. 1916-17 .. i> «-. 340 ii ... 200 H ••• 60 1917-18 .. i> ... 340 it ... 200 • 1 ••• 60 1918-19 .. » 340 n 200 II '•• 60 15 TABLE OP FELLINGS. Tondu mixed Forest Working-Circle. YEAR. Neora Series. Sursuti Series. Bamandanga Series. Tondu Series. Grassmore Series. Block. Area acres 60 60 60 60 Block. Area Block. Area Block. Area Block. Area 1904-05 1906-07 1907-08 Lntaguri. H Bichabanga. LL_ Sursuti. ii ii acres 110 110 110 110 Dainab. » •% acres 80 80 80 80 Dainah. ii ii Hcrcs 150 150 Dainah. 11 » H acres 150 150 150 150 150 VSfrJZ' iso - II UO (J ISO- - II L50 - II 150 ' Correction No. Page No. Paragraph No. Correction. 1-60 ' 4 15 47 Under Tondu Mixed Forest Working Circle, ISO- Grassmore Series, Dainah Block, against each of the years 1909-10 to 1923-24 inclu- ISO sive — KH) For " 150 " acres, read " 120 " acres. And in Chengmari Series, Dainah Block, against each of the years 1909-10 to 1923- '»««• 1924 inclusive— "*""<% For " 100 " acres, read "-SO"*, acres. ••— -^ [Note. — tiiese alterations were ordered in Eastern Bengal and Are* Assam Government Order No 1127F, dated 8th March • 1910,owingto part of the Dainah Block being washed away]. acres 70 , 1906-07 — T — 100 "TJJTJI 150 • 250 z«u 240 ii 70 70 1907-08 i 100 11 150 250 H 240 ii 70 19o8-0! i 100 Hilajhora. 150 n 250 „ 240 ii 70 1909-10 i \m ft » 150 n 250 „ 240 ii 70 1910-11 i WO ii 150 i) 250 ii 240 f, 70 1911-12 » 100 ii 150 ii 250 [ Ohapramari ( Udlajhora. 120 120 ii 70 1912-13 „ Me ii 150 ii 250 Ud laj bora. 240 ii 70 1913-14 11 100 150 ii 250 ,, 240 70 1914-15 it 100 150 250 „ 240 ., 70 1915-16 ii JjQO ii 150 ii 250 ii 240 n 70 1916-17 ii LOO ii 150 ii 250 240 » 70 1917-18 ii 100 ii 150 ii 250 ( Udlajhor* j Nagrakata, 180 60 ii 70 1918-19 ii KM ii 150 — 250 Kagrakata. 240 ii 70 1919-20 ii 000 ii 150 Upper Indong. 250 ii 240 ii 70 1920-21 11 100 ii 150 „ 250 „ 240 ii 70 1921-22 ii 100 ii 150 ii 250 „ 240 ii 70 1922-23 11 JT/tj ii 150 250 „ 240 » 70 1923-24 •l_/\/\ rw 11 150 " 250 ii 240 » 70 14 Section 6. 47 TABLE OP FELLINGS. Apalchand Sal Working-Circle. Lower Tondu Sal \Vo ing Circle. Series I Series 11. Remarks. Area to Are Year. Area to Compartment, be worked be worked Block' Compartment . over. (sal only.' (sal ( 1904-05 | 1905-06 Sealduba (I.) \ 560 Chel (1.) J Uhengm&ri. 50 Lataguri(S) & (4) f Bichabhanga (3) \ 1906-07 Churabh ai ° i4 Under Apalchand Sal Working Circle in 1907-08 Apalchai ai 4-7 J Series I the Coupes of 1910-11 and of 'K subsequent years should fall one year later 1908-09 Apalcha respectively. a 1909-10 I 1910-11 Do. Phuljhor Do \_Note-— This alteration was ordered in Eastern Bengal and Assam Government Order No. 4443 F.M., dated 25th July 1910, owing to windfall trees being extracted in 1910-11 1911-12 J Do. in place of exploiting the Coupe assigned to tiiat year]. \ Chel 1912-13 1913-14 Do. 1914-15 Udla . 1915-16 J Do. Seald 1916-17 Udlab 1917-18 Sealdi 1918-19 J Do- 1 Chel Series 1. Series II. Series II f. Ye»r. Rei Block. Area. Block. Area . Forest. Area. 1904-05 ... Central 300 South ... 150 Bullion 50 1905-06 ... t> ... 300 l| ••• 150 ... 50 Fe 1906-07 ... # 300 )f ,,. 150 n ""* 60 on 1907-08 ... » ... 300 ft ' "" ••• 150 ti ... 50 tob 1908-09 ... » .. 300 II ••• 150 >i * * - 50 lied 1909-10 ... 91 • "• 300 tt • ••• 150 n --• 50 so k 1910-11 ... ii ... 300 If •*• 150 50 clen 1911-12 ... tl 300 |t ' ••• 150 ii •*• 50 pre 1912-13 ... » 300 *> "11* 150 tt ••• 50 r edii 1913-14 ... ii ... 300 .1 II *-* 150 it **" 50 rire 1914-15 ... 19^5-16 ... North (old coupes) .„ i> ... 340 340 South (old coupes) ... it ... 1 c 200 200 Dalgaon (old coupes.) ii ••• 60 60 date 1916-17 ... i> .-• 340 ii ... 200 ii ••* 60 1917-18 ... i> ... 340 200 •i ••• 60 1918-19 ... » 310 n 200 « ... 60 15 TABLE OF FELLINGS. Tondu mixed Forest Working-Circle- Neora Series. Sursuti Series. Bamnndanga Series. Tondu Series. Grassmore Series. YEAR. Block. Area Block. Area Block. Area Block. Area Block. Area 1904-05 Littaguri. acres 60 Sursuti. acres 110 Dainah. acres 80 Dainah. acres 150 Dainah. acres 150 1905-01 11 60 „ 110 11 80 i> 150 11 150 1906-07 Bicliabanga. 60 19 110 ii 80 11 150 ii 150 1907-08 ii 60 II 110 ii 80 n 150 ii 150 1908-OS ,, 60 II 110 ii 80 ii 160 ii 150 1909-H „ 60 II 110 ii 80 ii 150 u 1910-11 „ 60 1) 110 80 ii 150 M 150 1911-12 11 60 II 110 ii 60 it 150 II 150 1912-13 93 60 „ 110 ii 80 ii 150 II 150- 1913-14 11 60 Indong. 110 ii 80 150 II 150 1914-15 J Lataguri ( old Coupes. 60 n 110 n 80 Sulkapara. 150 II WO 1915-16 ,, 60 11 110 ii 80 150 II 1*0 1916-17 Neora. 60 » 110 ii 80 „ 15( II LW) 3917-18 „ 60 „ 110 ii 80 „ 150 II 1-60 1918-19 11 60 „ 110 J} 80 M 150 If 1-50 1919-20 n 60 „ 110 Tondu 4. 80 150 i-se 1920-21 11 60 Kakurjhora. 110 80 |f 150 l&O- 1921-22 11 60 „ 110 Tondu 5. 80 |j 150 140. 1922-23 >t 60 ii 110 Jaldaka. 80 Jaldaka. 150 150 1923-24 Sursuti. 60 ii 110 11 80 11 150 11 ree Cliengtnari Series. Hatinala Series, Pangjhora Series. Chapramari Series. Sipchu Series. Block. Area Block. Aren Block. Area Block. Area Block. Area acres acres acres acres acres 1904-05 Daiuah. 100 Jaldaka. 150 Pangjhora. 250 Chapramari. 240 Sipchu. 70 1905-06 ii 100 „ 150 ii 250 M 240 ft 70 1906-07 100 „ 150 250 ii 240 II 70 1907-08 n 100 ii 150 . 250 ii 240 II 70 19ots-09 „ 100 Hilajliora. 150 ii 250 240 II 70 1909-10 „ 1 f\t\ TW ii 150 250 ,, 240 II 70 1910-11 „ MO ii 160 ii 250 ii 240 fl 70 1911-12 >i 400 ii 150 ii 250 | Ohdpramari ( Udlajhora. 120 120 • 1 70 1912-13 „ W6 „ 150 ii 250 Udlajhora. 240 II 70 1913-14 ii WO „ 150 ii 250 „ 240 70 1914-15 it 106 ii 150 250 ii 240 •1 70 1915-16 ii 100 ii 150 ii 250 ii 240 It 70 1916-17 ii LQfl „ 150 250 240 II 70 1917-18 ii LOO n 150 „ 250 ( Udlajhora ( Nagrakata, 180 60 II 70 1918-19 ii •Lf\r\ 1 CH? „ 150 ,t 350 Nagrakata. 240 II 70 1919-20 ii JJ10 n 150 Jpper Indong. 250 ii 240 II 70 1920-21 ii '" ''I'" 1) 150 250 ii 240 II 70 1921-22 „ innl 11 150 „ 250 „ 240 „ 70 1922-23 ii 11 150 „ 250 „ 240 II 70 1923-24 ii 11 150 n 250 " 240 70 16 Mnraghat Mixed Forest Working-Circle. Dumchi Series. Rehti Series. Khairbari Series. Titi Series. TEAR. Slock. Area Block. Area Block. Area Block. Arfa 19Q4-1905 Dumchi acres. 120 Rehti acres. 140 Khairbari acres. 70 Titi acres 400 1905-1906 l( 120 o 140 |% 70 ( 400 1906-1907 1*. 120 n 140 i 70 j 40Q 1907-1908 ii 120 2 140 i 70 400 1908-1909 ii 120 i 140 i 70 400 1909-1910 li 120 140 j 70 400 1910-1911 120 140 i 70 400 1911-1912 • 120 140 . * 70 400 1912-1913 f)' 120 140 | 70 400 1913-1914 ' 120 140 | ' 70 400 J914-1915 ii 120 140 70 400 1915-191G ii 120 140 i 70 400 1916-1917 li 120 140 I 70 400 1917-1918 " 120 140 70 400 1918-1919 120 140 | 70 400 M19-1920 ii 120 140 " 70 400 1920-1921 „ 120 140 » 70 400 1921-1922 tt 120 140 t 70 400 1922-1923 ii 120 140 ) 70 400 1923-1924 " 120 140 " 70 400 CHAPTER IV. MISCELLANEOUS REGULATIONS. Section 1. Thinnirigs, cleanings & weedings See Appendix VIII (c\ • 48. Sal Working- Circles : After a felling has been made it will be necessary to weed the parts of the coupe which are not already well stocked with sal or do not contain merely mixed or evergreen forests in. which there is no sign of sal reproduction. This weeding or clearing will be annually repeated until the sal is established. On the areas to bfe weeded there is usually a good or fair supply of small sal seedlings, and past experience makes it certain that large numbers of additional sal seed- lings will germinate in the year following the fellings. Though the cover of the numerous reserved sal trees will restrain the growth of inferior trees and plants to some extent, the latter would, nothing being done to help the sal seedlings, rapidly get the better of the latter which will either die or form straggling bushes by the end of the felling rotation. Sal seedlings hold their own fairly well during the year following the improvement felling. In the second year, however, the coppice of inferior species, small creepers, malota seedlings etc., get the better of them and though they do not necessarily suffer greatly up to the end of the second year, they are by that time covered over, pinned down by small, creepers and generally doomed, failing assistance. Nothing being done, they are, by the end of the third year, hopelessly out of the struggle and from that time onwards the survivors only form an undergrowth. A number generally live on till the tenth or twelfth year, and may possibly be capable of surviving much longer, but such survivors make no headway. The question as to the frequency of these weedings and clearings can best be determined by experinwnt, but there is no doubt ir that they should be begun not more tha,n two years after the improve- ment felling and should be continued vill the fifth year^ (inclusive) after that felling. It will probably be fou&ti to cost less if a preliminary thinning and weeding, consisting of a cutting back of the neighbouring coppice shoots and rooting up of small seedlings of less valuable species, is made in the first year after felling. It is accordingly prescribed that after an improvement felling, each coupe so dealt with, should be weeded and cleaned every year for five years in accordance with the table given in Appendix. VIII. C. These cleanings will hardly be necessary or possible in those coupes where there is no demand for trees of inferior species. The results of these weedings should be considered after the fifth year, i. e., in 1909-10 when a supplementary table of weedings or cleanings should, if necessary, be prescribed. Section 2. Creeper cutting. See Appendix VIII (d). 49. Sal WorkingC-ircles. The large trees in the Muraghat Working. Circle, Series I of the Apalchand Working-Circle and a great part of the Lower Tondu Working-Circle, have been cleared of climbers, and it will be sufficient if, in these areas, climbers are cut in the year preceding the felling and this may well be done at the time of marking the coupe. In the Chengmari (Apalchand,) Gosaih&t and that part of the Tondu forest in which climbers have been untouched, they will be cut as soon as possible. The whole of this work is prescribed for the first year and any balance not cut must be worked over as early as possible in succeeding years. 50. Mixed Working-Circles — -The mere cutting of creepers in coupes recently felled is hopeless, and though it has been tried over and over again in the coppice coupes, owing to the vigour of the regrowth, no trace of it is apparent. The killing out of creepers cannot be accom- plished until there is a fairly complete canopy overhead. A systematic attempt to eliminate creepers altogether should, therefore, be deferred till the tenth year after the coupe has been worked out. Where, as in the Chapramari coupe, there is a fair amount of sal reproduction, though there are few mature sal trees, measures should be taken to keep these cleaned annually. Section 3. Grazing and other rights. 51- Grazing will be allowed in all areas where it is at present permitted The chief gracing grounds are the Oainah and Jaldaka forests, and the value of the grazing is probably far greater than that of the wood produced on these areas. There are no grazing or other rights requiring control. Cection 4. Sowings, planting, o>' other works special to each Circle. 52. The sowing of lampatia and tun in the annual coupe in the Sipchu series will be continued and, if labour can be obtained, similar sowings may be carried out in other coupes of the Tondu Mixed Forest Working-Circle. There are no very suitable sites for forest villages in this Working-Circle, even if it was not infested by wild elephants, and local labour is very difficult to obtain during the rainy season. Experiments should be made to get over the difficulty of the cleared soil in beds, prepar- ed for sowing, being washed down by heavy rain, before the seedlings become properly established, without throwing too heavy a shade over them. 18 53. The planting of bamboos along roads and boundaries should be continued and the creation of natural fire lines by ploughing up savannah lands and sowing malota aud other quick growing species should be carried out in all Working-Circles, where grass lands form a menace to adjoining sal reproduction owing to their liability to be burnt. 54. The sowing in lines ot sal in pure malota pole forest, on old village sites in Muraghat may also be carried out as it is not an expensive operation. Care should be taken that abandoned fields in Garo villages are sown with malota before grass reappears on them. An experiment in the way of sowing sal in lines in 10 year old coupes may also be tried. Section 5- Improvements common to the whole area. 65. lioads. The existing roads where they pass through swampy ground should be embanked and where necessary Ranigunj pipe culverts should be inserted to allow of the passage of water where the flow is not too great. The object is to make such roads passable after winter or spring show- ers when there is sufficient water to make carting difficult and troublesome, but not impossible. To keep such roads open throughout the rains would mean expensive bridging and, as carts are difficult to obtain, at this season, it would serve no useful object. In clearing lines for paths and fire- lines, large sized shady trees should be preserved and the upper canopy of the forest left as dense as possible as the grass and undergrowth fill up a road every rains when the road is much exposed to the light. Eegard should be had to this when a road happens to traverse a coupe open for felling. The construction of heavy strong low bridges over which elephants could pass and which would be under water in the rainy season should be undertaken, as ordinary high light wooden bridged last a very short time in the evergreen forest which lines the streams. The cutting of more paths for inspection and fire protection purposes is required. The detailed pres- criptions will be found in appendix VIII («>. 56. Buildings. Another rest house is required in the Apalchand Range near Udlabari and more rest houses for Hangers and Foresters are required. Mat walls are objectionable in many ways and should be done away with ; roofs which will keep out the rain and heat without being liable to danger from fire should be introduced. "When a bungalow is situated on high ground, where piles are unnecessary, the latter should be avoided as they may necessitate the pulling down and reconstruction of tlie whole bungalow when they decay .Buildings suggested are entered in Appendix VIII b. Protection from fire. 57. Sal Working-Circles. There are still large savannahs in nearly all Working-Circles, and it is desirable they should be filled in with forest as early as possible, and to this end they should be protected in whole or in part. Savannahs will only be burnt for definite reasons given below From the point of view of fire protection the fire protected area may be divided into three classes : — (a) Savannahs of almost pure grass ; (6) Edges of savannah where the forest is encroaching on to the grass and forest with a grassy undergrowth, and — (c) Dense forest with perhaps a few tussocks of grass but with ordinarily no more combustible material than dry leaves. It may be laid down that fire does no considerable damage in (a) and that (b) is the area which should be preserved with especial care. Savannahs will only be burnt in part where they adjoin (1) boundaries (2) railway lines (3) public roads and (4) forest settlements when an extension of cultivation is wanted. In all cases a line will be cut and beaten dowa by elephants, so as to avoid the possibility of the area (b) being burnt, fciatural fire lines will be made by ploughing up lines across savannahs 19 and sowing them with seeds of quick growing species, such as malota. Broad linos of trees so formed will he invaluable for counterfiring, an impossible operation at present in the large savannahs, and a series of Riieii lines would soon render ;i savannah harmless. The introduction of forest settlements will considerably minimize the risks from fire, as suoli settlements cover lirg:? savannah ureas and afford labour on the spot for extinguishing lire.s. Wir.h the execution of savannahs of almost pure grass the whole area of each of these Working-Circles will be specially protected as described above. 58. Mixed Working-Oirules. T?or the purposes of fire protection these m >y he split up inv> two classes (a) grazing grounds and (b) other mixed forest- (a) The revenue from grazing being more important than the damage done by grazing or fires, areas in which grazing chiefly takes place i. e., Dainah and Jalddka forest will be burnt as early iu the fire season as possible. In (b) other mixed forests proteccion. from fire will be carried out by the ordinary staff. 59. Boundaries. The external artificial boundaries will bo improved by running a shallow diteli along where the line passes through savannah. This will facilitate inspection and render it easy to clear the line year after year- The planting np of thesn lines with rows of bamboos would, in course of time, do away with the unprofitable expense of line clearing in heavy grass. The replacement of wooden boundary pillars, which are liable to rot ,by numbered iron posts should be continued. CHAPTER V. MISCELLANEOUS. Section 1. Miscellaneous prescriptions. 60. The measurement of trees in sample plots should ba continued and, if necessary, more sample plots laid out Section 2. Changes proposed in the forest staff. 61. The only change proposed is that the lower class of subordinates should be better paid, in accordance with proposals which have been submitted to Government. Section 3. Financial results of proposed working. 62— REVENUE, l>g. Timber 160,000 eft. at 0 4 0 ... 40,000 Fuel 2,400,000 „ 140 % ... 30,000 Grazing and miscellaneous ... ... ... 12,000 82.000 EXPENDITURE. Works of Improvement and maintenance ... ... 14,000 Establishment ... ... ... ... 23,000 37,000 Surplus ... ... ... ... ... 45,000 JALPAIQUEI : ) F. TRAPFORD, [ Deputy Conservator of Foresit, The 3rd December 1905, ) Jalpaiguri Division. Darjeeling Frew Co., "Li" ( ''1: ' ( .ciOUl tsC. •Ma- . ., APPENDICES APPENDIX I. Area Statement. Forest. Block. Sal Forest. Mixed Forest. Total. Total area. REMARKS. r UdlabSri ... 1,300 300 1,600 2,339 Sialduba 1,300 100 1,400 1,405 jhurabhija . . . 850 350 1,200 1,455 Apalohand ..X lanskhali ... 1,140 •260 1,400 2,952 1 Pbiiljhora 1,000 200 1,200 3,081 Chel River ... 600 200 800 1,487 I Apalchand . . . 1,200 200 1,400 2,042 Chengmari ...| Malhati 600 150 150 100 750 250 9B9 320 - f Sursuti 800 960 1,760 4,830 Lower IndoDg 1,300 1,000 2,300 2,770 Central „ ... 1,100 200 1,300 1,446 3ornm6ra 1,000 400 1,400 1,505 Medlajhora ... 1,600 400 2,000 2,520 Barohati 1,200 400 1,600 2,223 Neora Nadi ... 300 420 720 731 ^ 2>55? Bicha bhanga 800 630 1,430 1,568/ L£taguri Dhupjhora ... 1,470 400 340 500 1,810 900 £73T 1458 (148 acres under~] ( Bengal Duara ^Railway.) Tondu 1,100 400 1,500 3,024 Bhokulmardi 1,100 300 1,400 1,825 Tondu ...< Sulkapara 3oO 1,200 1,550 1,830 Kakurjhora ... 400 750 1,150 1,310 Sipchu . . 1,400 1,400 1,542 " Chapramari ... 350 1,800 2,150 2,735 Udlajhora ... ... 1,500 1,500 1,560 Nagrakata . . . ... 1,500 1,500 1,730 Upper Indong 1,250 1,250 1,352 Paugjhora ... "300 3,750 4,050 4,440 (102 acres under • Bengal Duan Railway.) Hilajhora 50 2,400 2,450 3,526 (70 acres under • Bengal Duare 1 . Railway.) Jaldaka 1,060 1,060 2,780 Khyranti Kbyranti 42 2 44 64 Dainah Dainah 7,700 7,700 15,855 (151 acres under Bengal Duars Railway.) Northern 1,000 700 1,700 2,690 Central 1,600 1,400 3,000 4,004 Muraghat ...< Southern 1,500 1,000 2,500 5.046 Goshaihat ... 870 * . • 370 1,876 3)aLgcum -•> Dalgaon 500 300 800 1,471 244 2.6 4:4 Dumchi Dumchi 2®" 2,400 £63£ 3,018 Eehti Rehti ... 2,800 2,800 3,263 Khairbari Khairbari ... 1,400 1,400 1,812 (31 acres under Bengal Duars Railway.) Titi Titi • « • 8,000 8,000 8,167 £>a2&cx.7-i. gotl&asrt. ... 16 APPENDIX II. Results of Measurements in Sample Plots shewing the average annual increment. Number Interval alter which Total Average LOCALITY. Diameter. Kind. of trees measure- incre- annual REMARKS. measured. ments were ment. incre- made. ment. Class. Tears. Inches. Inches. \ palchand II Dominant 2 4 6-96 0-87 Suppressed 1 4 1-75 0-44 III Dominant 7 4 29-98 1-07 Suppressed 2 4 3-31 0-41 IV Dominant 15 ' 4 4406 073 »^_ f\ yA Suppressed 10 4 15-46 i\- K U-t5T> -^ o- 3? Apalohand ir 2 5 9'I9 0-92 in Dominant 15 5 59-58 o'.ytf Suppressed 2 5 3'68 0-37 i IV Dominant 15 5 53-32 071 Suppressed 12 5 21-13 0-35 . jr\ Ti tfuraghat i 6 5 30-77 1 •Ql' /. Oj ii Dominant 48 5 282-54 ftt~ ^r/-/8 Suppressed 1 5 2-37 0-47 in Dominant 52 5 260-40 1-00 Suppressed 3 5 6-37 0-42 IV Dominant 31 5 167-10 1-08 Suppressed 4 5 7-87 0-39 >L° 9g Tondu ii 2 10 27-13 1-36 y Coupe coppiced in 13 10 15331 1-18/f in 1893-1894 IV 5 10 48-88 near Grorumara. in IV Dominant Suppressed Dominant 3 1 5 10 10 10 2849 4-19 30-75 0-95 042 0-61 Untouched forest adjoining the Suppressed 4 13 15-50 0-39 above coupe. APPENDIX III. Creeper Cutting done between 1896-97 and 1904-05. Year of cutting. Eange. High forest. Total cost. Coppice with Stan- dards. Cost. REMARKS. 1896-97 187-98 1898-99 1899-1900 1900-1901 1901-1902 1902-1903 1903-1904 1904-1905 Tondu Muraghat Apulchand Tondu Murnghat Apalchand Tondu Muraghat A palchand Toudu Muraghat Apalchand Tondu Muragbat Ap«lohand Tondu Acres. 796 320 200 960 809 594 250 1,218 1,257 4,140 420 912 1,721 1,643 Es. 48 20 10 60 60 50 25 107 265 388 39 97 361 162 Acres. Es. Work con. fined to old c o p pi c e d coupes. 180 445 540 392 874 798 312 477 395 347 150 648 19 114 107 36 157 110 364 1,278 385 350 43 96 Muraghat Apalohand Tondu Muraghat Apalohand Tondu Muraghat Apalchand Tondu Muraghat 655 4,718 2,023 225 2,629 520 412 2,348 95 565 240 28 329 65 * 293 * Done »t time of marking iu coupe, v i,'.-/. 1 i i iff.li rf7r- /*~A m APPENDIX IV. Areas worked over under Coppice with Standards between 1896-97 and 1902-03. Working circle. Block. 05 I O3 oo r— 1 00 05 O5 i— 1 Oi' 3 00 O5 O5 r- 1 o o t O5 00 f— ( V- H O 0 o 03 rH 1901-02. CO o o O5 •-H Total. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Udlabari Sialduba 87 86 92 85 86 86 78 600 Chel Eiver ... 12 15 20 16 16 13 8 100 Apalchand . . . 16 ... 28 24 52 17 15 152 Chengmari . . . Malhati Chongmari ... 4 ... 20 ... ... 24 Lower Tondu Grorumara 29 33 35 44 81 43 52 317 Sursuti 10 15 10 8 25 25 28 121 Lataguri 81 23 14 22 21 36 18 215 Upper Tondu Tondu 43 J9 26 22 28 33 27 198 Murag'nat ... North 87 91 88 90 84 99 85 624 South 44 31 18 20 43 77 40 273 Dalgaon ... Dalgaon 1 12 ... 22 13 30 7 85 Northern Tondu Northern Tondu 13 14 126 91 135 296 362 1,037 Total 427 339 457 464 584 755 720 ^ APPENDIX V. Financial Statement for 9 years 1896-1897 to 1904-1905. Year. Timber. Firewood includ- ing drift. 1 Other sources. 1 H AI. Timber removed by Government Agency, T3 a M H f » f> f. & •<-*% •TJ °w « AVII(f). F re Protection. 5 P. £PS ii •M Jfe *tJ 2*« IM 1^* * -i-i ^ •s H Es. Bs. Es. Es. Es. Es. Es. Es. Es. Es. 1896-97 ... 25,213 17,336 5,136 47,685 • •• 2,308 1,307 5,143 21.&29 30,687 188T-98 ... 17,133 17,061 6,586 40,780 ... 1,727 1,338 6,063 17,771 26,899 1898-1899 ... 26,924 20,229 7,405 54,558 65 1,471 1,532 4,921 16,142 24,131 1899-1900 ... 27,088 22,567 7,125 56.7SO 623 1,080 1,346 14,528 16,801 34,378 1900-1901 ... 27,798 21,289 6,258 55,345 1,729 869 2,121 11,988 20,394 37,101 1901.1902 ... 19,755 28,700 8,319 56,774 4,681 823 1,596 17,426 20,392 44,918 1962-1903 ... 32,927 26,897 8,797 68,621 6,237 934 1,889 10,671 21,358 41,089 1933- 1904 ... 26,412 18,923 9,864 55,199 2,598 1,586 1,445 6,440 19,669 31,738 1904-1905 ... Total ... Average ... 34,687 38,085 15,849 88,521 17,740 3,179 924 7,282 21,573 50,698 2,87,837 2,11,087 75,339 5,24,263 33,673 13,977 13,498 84,462 1,76,029 3,21,639 26,426 23,454 8,371 58,251 374 f / 1,553 1,500 9,385 19,559 35,738 IT APPENDIX VI. Statement of Outturn. YEAE. FROM YIELD OF TBEES. From graz- ing. From minor products and other sources. Logs. Poles. Fuel. c. ft. c. ft. c. ft. Ks. Bs.* 1896-97 43,580 18,600 666,000 4,341 651 1897-98 24,600 22,700 703,000 5,231 1,326 1898-99 45,220 25,000 855,000 5,795 1,402 1899-1900 41,400 26,200 1,068,000 4,767 2,240 1900-1901 20,960 19,300 991,000 4,592 1,550 1901-1902 23,500 28,100 1,146,000 5,125 2,936 1902-1903 27,560 12,700 1,246,000 5,705 2,651 1903-1904 36,396 53,701 1,723,044 7,415 2,069 1904-1905 Total 93,420 60,833 2,170,282 12,628 2,730 356,636 267,134 10,568,326 55,599 17,555 Average 39,626 29,681 1,174,258 6,178 1,951 APPENDIX VII. Results of Fire Protection. Area of which protection was TEAR. attempted after deducting areas burnt depart- Area burnt. Percentage of failure. Cost of protection. mentally. Acres. Acres. Acres. * Bs. 0.4- 1896-97 74,253 320 1,307 1897-93 74,253 938 1-2 1,338 1898-1899 73,961 100 0-1 1,532 1899-1900 75,292 393 0-5 1,346 1900-1901 79,775 5,970 7-5 2,121 1901-1902 89,939 68 •*...* ^ 1,476 /. 2. 1902-1903 83,649 1,081 •44 1,712 1903-1904 92,971 1,580 fr-8 « '• 7 1,445 !':• >ub/ 4 APPENDIX YIII (a). Suggested construction of Roads and forest Bides to be taken tip in the order named as funds permit. Range. Eoads to be embanked drained and bridged. Bides to be cut through Forest. Apalohand Eoad No. 1 North and South. — A line to be cut running * „ No. 4 north and south from a point on JRoad „ No. 22 No. 4 midway between the point where it meets Eoad No. 1 and where it emerges from the forest at Gazleduba. <, Hast ar,d West. — Two lines to be cut rough- ly parallel with Eoad No. 4 between the west boundary and Eoad No. 22 and lying roughly equidistant between Eoad No. 4 and the north and south boundaries respectively. Lower Tondu. Eoad No. 6 „ No. 8 East and West.— Eoad No. 23 to be conti- nued up to east boundary. Eoad No. 24 „ No. 25 to be continued up to west boundary. A „ No. 26 ride to be made parallel to roads Nos. 24 and 26 equidistant between them. Upper Tondu Nil ... East and West. — Road No. 14 to be conti- nued due west up to road No. 28. A ride equidistant between road No. 14 and the railway to be inserted running east and west. A ride equidistant between the railway and the Hilla-Lhulsa Eoad to be inserted running east and west, and an other between the Hilla-Chalsa Eoad and the north boundary. ffoith and South. — Eoad No. 10 to be conti- nued up to north boundary. A ride to be inserted between Mukadam and Udlajhora north of railway roughly parallel with Road No. 10. A ride to be inserted between Eoad No. 28 and road No. 10 south of the railway up to road No. 29. Muraghat Eoad No. 17 East and West. — A ride between boundary „ No. 32 pillars Nos. 1 and 33. „ No. 33 A ride roughly midway between Eoad No. 16 and Public Works Department road. APPENDIX VIII(6). Buildings suggested. Apalchand Range. 1 Divisional Officer's rest-house 1 Forester's quarters Lower Tondu Range. 1 Forester's quarters 1 Ditto Upper Tondu Range. 1 Forester's quarters Muraghat Range. 1 Forester's quarters 1 Ditto Cost. Es. 1,000 500 500 500 500 500 500 Locality. Udlabari. Ditto. Barodighi. Amban. Chalsa. Kuntimari. Mogolkata. VI APPENDIX VIII(c). Taile of weeding* and cleanings in all Sal Working Circles, i.e., Apakhand, Lower Tondu and Muraghdt, [Prescribed.] TEAR. Area to be worked over. TEAR. Area to be worked over. 1904-1905 Coupe of 1902-1903. 1912-1913 ... Coupe of 1907-1908. „ 1903-1904. „ 1908-1909. 1905-1906 Coupe of 1902-1903. „ 1909-1910. „ 1903-1904. „ 1910-1911. • „ 1904-1905. 1911-1912. 1906-1907 Coupe of 1902-1903. 1913-1914 ... Coupe of 1908-1909. 1903-1904. „ 1909-1910. „ 1904-1905. „ 1910-1911. „ 1905-1906. „ 1911-1912. 1907-1908 Coupe of 1902-1903. „ 1912-1913. „ 1903-1904. 1914-1915 ... Coupe of 1909-1910. 1904-1905. „ 1910-1911. 1905-1906. „ 1911-1912. 1906-1907. „ 1912-1913. 1908-1909 Covpe of 1903-1904. „ 1913-1914. „ , 1904-1905. 1015-1916 ... Coupe of 1910-1911. „ 1905-1906. „ 1911-1912. „ ; 1906-1907. • „ 1912-1913. „ 1907-1908. . „ 1913-1914. 1909-1910 Coupe of 1904-1905. „ 1914-1915. „ 1905-1906. 1916-1917 ... Coupe of 1911-1912. „ 1906-1907. „ 1912-1913. „ 1907-1908. 1913-1914. , 1908-1909. „ 1914-1915. 1910-1911 Coupe of 1905-1906. „ 1915-1916. „ 1906-1907. 1917-1918 ... Coupe of 1912-1913. „ 1907-1908. „ 1913-1914. „ 1908-1909. „ 1914-1915. „ 1909-1910. 1915-1916. 1911-1912 Coupe of 1906-1907. 1916-1917. „ 1907-1908. 1918-1919 ... Coupe of 1913-1914. „ 1908-1909. 1914-1915. „ 1909-1910. „ 1915-1916. „ 1910-1911. 1916-1917. ^ „ 1917-1918. fate.— This table ihould reconaidtrtd by Coniervator of Forests in the jear 1910-1811 lad if ueceuarj r«Tised. Vll APPENDIX VHI(rf). Prescriptions regarding Cutting of Creepers by Ranges. YEAR. RANGES !. Apalchand. Lower Tondu. Upper Tondu. Muraghat. Are* Blocki. in 1904-1905 MalMti (Jheiigmari Block Sursuti ... 1*000 Medlajhora ... 1,400 Coupes 1904-1905. „ 1906-1906. Barohati ... 400 „ 1893-94. Gorumara ... 600 „ 1894-95. Dhupjhora ... 300 NeoraNadi ... 400 Coupe 1904-1905. „ 1905-1906. „ 1892-93. „ 1893-94. „ 1394-95. 1905-1906 Coupe 1906-1907. „ 1895-96 1906-1907 „ 1907-1908 Coupe 1896-97. „ 1896-97 1907-1908 „ 1908-1909 „ 1897-98. „ 1897-98. 1908-1909 „ 1909-10 „ 1898-99. „ 1898-99 Same as for Apalchand •»•••• Same as for Apal- chand. 1909-10 ... „ 1910-11 „ 1899-1900 „ 1899-1900. 1910-11 ... „ 1911-12 „ 1900-1901 „ 1900-1901. 1911-12 ... „ 1912-13 „ 1901-1902 „ 1901-1902 1912-13.. 1913-14 „ 1902-1903 1913-14.. 1914-15 „ 1903-1904 1914-15 ,. 1915-16 „ 1904-1905 1915-16 .. 1916-17 „ 1905-1906 1916-17 .. 1917-18 „ 1906-1907 1917-18 .. „ 1918-19 „ 1907-1908 1918-19 .. ...... „ 1908-1909 Fellings ... Cleanings Creeper cutting Fire protection APPENDIX Summary of Prescriptions and Suggestions. ... As per Table of Fellingi, Part II, Chap. Ill, 8e«. 6. ... As per Appendix AVIII(e). Ditto AVIII(rf). ... An per prescriptions, Part II, Chap. IV, Sec. §. Sowing and planting Eoada Buildings Suggestions. ... As per suggestions, Part II, Chap. IV, Sec. 4. ... As per Appendix AVIII(a). Ditto AVIII(6). 1. S, Tour Press— 1261E— 80-20-11.1905— W. H. S. RETURN FORESTRY LIBRARY TO—* 260 Mulford Hall 642-2936 LOAN PERIOD 1 SEMESTER 2 3 4 5 6 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS DUE AS STAMPED BELOW 20 : UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY BERKELEY, CA 94720 -/T- dept.( Ja Working for thfr re of the Jal paiguri div. lajrt \revided,1 erved forest aiguri div. SD8P B5J3 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY U.C.BERKELEY LIBRARIES