CONSERVANCY | COUNCIL World checklist of threatened amphibians and reptiles World checklist of threatened amphibians and reptiles prepared by Brian Groombridge of the IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre Published by the Nature Conservancy Council in its capacity as United Kingdom CITES Scientific Authority for Animals 1988 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge http://www.archive.org/details/worldchecklistof88groo Preface Acknowledgements Introductory Notes Taxonomic List AMPHIBIA: ANURA Bufonidae Dendrobatidae Discoglossidae Hylidae Hyperoliidae Leiopelmatidae Leptodactylidae Microhylidae Myobatrachidae Pelobatidae Pipidae Ranidae Sooglossidae AMPHIBIA:CAUDATA Ambystomatidae Cryptobranchidae Plethodontidae Hynobiidae Proteidae Salamandridae REPTILIA: TESTUDINATA Kinosternidae Dermatemydidae AC eMOpuShcpicicisciecissie << if BULO accesses ese boats 1 Nectophrynoides........ 1 Dendrobates. «<< «es +e si 2 Phyllobates............ 5 Discoplossus........-<- 5 Balaephryne............ 5 halo op oolcducuododDooMdG 5 PSCUMACTUS vice sce eer wiere 6 MalchyN emis. css ciel enelele wiel = 6 Leiopelma.........ce-ee- 6 Batrachophrynus........ 6 Eleutherodactylus...... 6 Malanobatrachys........ 6 SomunCurialss se ces cree ste 6 DYSCOPHUSerereceieis cele creel 6 PHT OTT cc1e-cre ee ee osieise. 7 Rheobatrachus........ sod PeElObaAteSicrcstelelelelelels ste oie 7 KENOPUSis- «cl eeiee ese © sic! CONT AWA ce cicictecrc cre cles e> oU/ Platymantis............ 7 RIMS ood odoco CO MOQGCCOK 7 NESOmantS!s cc sles oe see oot} Soogtossusicc.....- <> eter 8 Ambystoma.......... 0 8 AMIGA Isc «csc cucroleieie Soo0e) Batrachoseps.........-.- 9 BUFYCEA. 2 oe ccc ccc c cee 9 Hydromantes.........+-.9 Phaeognathus........... 9 RNC EHOGON cer cie sieverelerevererere 9 Typhlomolge........... 10 Typhlotrritonl- cc. c1 10 Batrachuperus.........10 PEOCCUSHiereteletelatciaiare Boole) Chioglossa...........-10 Paramesotriton........ 10 Kinosternon......... ..10 Sternotherus..........10 Dermatemys....... so d0 cit Annamemys..........---11 Enydidae Testudinidae Cheloniiidae Dermochelydidae Carettochelyidae Trionychidae Pelomedusidae Chelidae REPTILIA:CROCODYLIA Alligatoridae Crocodylidae Gavialidae REPTILIA: RHYNCHOCEPHALIA Sphenodontidae Callagur..........ee0. 11 Cistoclemmys..........11 ClemmyS......eeeeeeeee 11 Geoclemys........+.4- 11 Geoemyda............ a Galet Graptemys.......... Aoioe bal Heosemys..... Bi 0.0 0:0-0-0°0 12 Kachuga.........+++--2-12 Melanochelys.......... 12 Morena’. .%..220.0 15 eee «ole. OTT Blalieroneieviovexerienevoronelsvonel 2 Pseudemys........-.--- 13 Rhinoclemmys.......... 13 Terrapen...... 600 OOOO 13 TrachemyS.........2+e- 13 GHETSAM AI. 44 Gambeliiaiereololer sere stereveiere 44 Iguana......-..es-eee- 45 Phrynosoma...........- 45 Sauromalus............ 45 @rlietelascoooaccoo000K 45 UMA... ee eececccesscee odd POGATCLSlalersierererereieie cere 46 Cordylus.........-2.0-- 46 Pseudocordylus....... -47 Ame aviatercneralcielcnsrercierereretone 48 Cnemidophorus....... 48 Crocodilurus..........48 DEACACNA seco ccs © oc ee 6 48 Tupinambis...........+- 48 GEENOEWSietalelcileioielere cre erene 49 Gongylomorphus........ 49 Leiolopisma...........49 Macroscincus.......... 49 Pseudemoia..........-- 49 Tiliqua.......... oO” 49 Tribolonotus.......... 49 Gerrhonotus..........- 49 Aniella........ Sa5 000 0Ce) Heloderma.........+-+-49 Wat PANIUS!. =i 61 Sara TV ale ferele tohe)ialoire)© «© eile 62 Trachyboa.......-2+eee- 62 Tropidophis........... 62 Ungaliophis........... 63 KETIODOAls «100 oe ece cle lee 63 Colubridae /Neereslinggaogod0d00da0 63 Cerberus........ D000 00 64 (Giaulst5 6 ago GoUCOUD OS 64 CyclagrasS.........+e-6. 64 Drymarchon............ 64 Elachistodon.......... 64 Iguanognathus........ -64 Masticophis........... 65 IN@T- OG Als icc1s eters ei 0ice1elielo (ere 65 By Sloe loteie lolol e eo) s)lereioineiis 65 Thamnophis..........-.- 65 Thermophis....... elere e OD Xenocrophis........... 65 Elapidae Brachyaspis........... 66 Hoplocephalus......... 66 Ma CrstitdTS\e cic ielicuslclo telecine 66 Naja...... OBO OOD OOOO 66 Ogmodon........-----e> 66 Ophiophagus........... 67 Hydrophiidae Laticauda............. 67 Viperidae Agkistrodon........... 67 BothropS........sseees 67 Crotalus... << aoagno dle! Vipera.....e.seeeee es 68 References 70 Index of generic and common names (with synonyms) 107 Index of specific names (with synonyms) 123 iv PREFACE This checklist is part of a series prepared for the United Kingdom's Scientific Authority for Animals to assist in implementing the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Similar checklists are now available for all animal taxa. The aim is to provide a summary of basic information on all species listed in CITES or appearing in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. The inclusion of English vernacular names and a full list of countries in which each species occurs will provide a useful quick source of reference for those assessing applications for CITES permits to import and export amphibians and reptiles. The comprehensive list of references allows access to more detailed information on the status of species in particular countries when this is required. The Nature Conservancy Council, as the United Kingdom's Scientific Authority for Animals, is grateful to Dr Brian Groombridge at the IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre for revising this document on its behalf. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This edition of the world checklist was produced by the IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, under contract HF3-10-09 from the Nature Conservancy Council of the United Kingdom. The text was compiled by Dr Brian Groombridge. The compiler is most grateful to the staff of the Amphibian and Reptile Section at the British Museum (Natural History) for their valuable assistance, in particular to Dr E.N. Arnold, but also to Mr A.F. Stimson for information on the Boidae and to Miss A.G.C. Grandison for her help with previous editions. Many thanks also to Julie Gray and Janet Willmott for word-processing this document and preparing the indexes. lst edition published 1979 as a typed document with limited circulation ISBN 0 86139 075 X 2nd edition published 1981 ISBN 0 86139 095 4 3rd edition published 1983 ISBN 0 86139 224 8 4th edition published 1988 ISBN 0 86139 465 8 (c) Nature Conservancy Council 1979, 1981, 1983, 1988 INTRODUCTORY NOTES Scope and purpose The purpose of this work is to provide a combined list of the amphibian and reptile taxa appearing on Appendices I, II and III of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) and those included in the IUCN Red Data Book (RDB). With regard to CITES, the list incorporates changes made at the sixth meeting of the Conference of Parties in Ottawa in June 1987. The list includes species having data sheets in the second edition of the amphibian and reptile Red Data Book, issued in 1975, together with new or revised sheets dated 1978 or 1979 [236] and the changes and additions among Testudines, Crocodylia and Rhynchocephalia made in 1982 in Part I of the revised Amphibia-Reptilia Red Data Book [202]. These are summarised in the 1988 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals [18]. Information on the conservation status of most amphibians and reptiles is not yet available; new or revised RDB accounts for many reptiles and for amphibians are currently in preparation: for these reasons it is not possible to provide a fully comprehensive world list of threatened species. For each taxon listed, the scientific name is given first, with alternatives given in brackets on the following line. In the majority of cases these are the currently most frequently used synonyms, but in a few cases these are recently proposed taxonomic changes not yet in common use. In some instances, the scientific name in parentheses is the name in current use by taxonomists and most other users of nomenclature, but not followed by the CITES Appendices. Common English names and trade names (in brackets) appear on following lines. Very few of the listed taxa have regularly or universally used common names. In several cases, identical trade names appear to be used for different taxa. Geographical range The geographical range of each taxon is given in terms of political units, listed in alphabetical order. The exceptions are some of those taxa occurring on small and/or remote islands with well-known names that are administered by another country; for most such taxa the administering country is given in brackets, e.g. "Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)". In certain cases, when a taxon is found in a restricted area within a larger political unit, the name of that area is given in brackets, e.g. "Indonesia (Irian Jaya)". The political names given are those in common usage and may not in all cases be the diplomatically correct version. When the name of a country is given as within the range of a certain species, that species may not occur throughout the country and may even be of only peripheral occurrence. vi Without surveying the range of each taxon in the field, it is necessary to rely on published records. Most taxonomic works give the range of a taxon in terms of broad geographical areas, rather than of precise political units. While some countries have a relatively well-known and well-reported herpetofauna, this is not true for many others. These factors may occasionally have resulted in some of the geographical ranges given here being incomplete or innaccurate, although every effort has been made to counter this. So far as possible within reasonable time limits, references documenting the occurrence of a taxon in a particular country are given in square brackets after the country name. The designations employed for the names of countries or other political units and the presentation of the material herein do not imply the expression of any opinions whatsoever on the part of the United Kingdom Government, the Nature Conservancy Council or the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Taxonomic sources The present list follows the taxonomy used in the CITES Appendices and, with a few exceptions, that of the RDB for the forms appearing therein. As noted above, the names used by CITES are not always those preferred by systematists. The sequence of families within orders also conforms with the CITES Appendices. The genera and species are in alphabetical order within each family. The following list states the primary taxonomic source followed for most of the groups covered; the numerous later changes and additions to these checklists are referenced separately in the relevant species entries. Caudata and Anura: follows the world checklist edited by Frost [171] which has been adopted by the CITES parties as the standard reference to amphibian nomenclature. Testudines: generally follows the recent world checklist by Iverson [241]. Testudinid systematics is in a fluid state; in the interests of stability the generic names used for species groups of tortoises follows [241] rather than the still more conservative system used in the RDB [202]. Meylan [352] has recently made extensive changes to the taxonomy of trionychid turtles; relevant new generic names are noted in parentheses under the species concerned. Crocodylia and Rhynchocephalia: generally follows Wermuth and Mertens [519]. Squamata: Gekkonidae [520]; Agamidae (521); Chamaeleonidae [341], but within this family two new generic names and a major reassignment of species between genera have recently been proposed by Klaver and Bohme [263]; Iguanidae (several sources, see individual entries); Lacertidae (generic assignment after [23]; Cordylidae [522] and W.R. Branch (pers. comm.); Teiidae (several sources, notably [394] [484] [507]; Helodermatidae and Varanidae [340]; Boidae [481]; Colubridae (several sources, see individual entries) ; Elapidae and Viperidae [265]. vii Explanatory notes For each taxon, there are at least two entries in the four columns down the right-hand side of the page. CITES: I, II or III, referring to the CITES Appendix on which the taxon is listed as at 22 October 1987. The letters (eq) after an Appendix II entry denote that the population is on Appendix II subject to an export quota from the country or countries concerned. The letters following Appendix III entries denote the country whose government placed the taxon in this category, as follows: GH - Ghana, HN - Honduras, IN - India. RDB: Red Data Book status categories Endangered = Vulnerable Rare = Out of danger d = Indeterminate (given as "I" in RDB, but modified here to avoid confusion with the CITES "I" entry) K = Insufficiently known; suspected of being threatened, but without full data T = Taxa comprising several sub-taxa which have differing status categories HOD SH u Exp: Major exploitation of taxon, where known = Food (may include local and commercial use) LA = Live animal trade (primarily for the pet trade) Preserved specimens SK = Skins, for the leather trade TS = Tortoise-shell When known, a second category of secondary importance is given in brackets. ae) iat i] Ref: The numbers in the column on the far right refer to an entry in the reference list at the back of this document. These references may contain information on the status, distribution and/or nomenclature of the taxon in question. References which refer to the taxon in only a limited part of its range are generally excluded from this column and included instead in square brackets after the appropriate country in the geographical range information. Emphasis is given generally to more recent references and to those not cited in the Red Data Book volumes. After the scientific and common names of each taxon, the countries or other political units of occurrence are listed alphabetically. Country names in square brackets [] indicate that the taxon is introduced there and does not occur naturally. The following abbreviations are used to indicate the status of the information or of the taxon: ? = may occur e.g. records may be conflicting or unconfirmed (ex) = extinct, but used to occur (ex?) = known to have occurred in recent times, but may now be extinct ?(ex) = may have occurred but does not now viii Order ANURA Family BUFONIDAE Atelopus varius zeteki Golden Frog, Zetek's Golden Frog Panama (Cerro Campana, Valle de Anton) (Atelopus is sometimes assigned to a separate family ATELOPODIDAE) Bufo boreas nelsoni Amargosa Toad USA (California, Nevada) Bufo exsul (=B. boreas exsul) Black Toad, Deep Springs Toad USA (Deep Springs Valley, California) Bufo houstonensis Houston Toad USA (Texas) Bufo periglenes Golden Toad, Orange Toad Costa Rica (Cordillera de Tilaran) Bufo retiformis Sonoran Green Toad Mexico (Sonora), USA (Arizona) Bufo superciliaris Cameroon Toad Benin?, Cameroon, Central African Republic?, Congo?, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia?, Nigeria, Togo?, Zaire Nectophrynoides cryptus African Viviparous Toad Tanzania (Uluguru Mts.) Nectophrynoides liberiensis (=Nimbaphrynoides liberiensis [141]) Liberia (Mt. Nimba) Nectophrynoides malcolmi (=Altiphrynoides malcolmi [141]) Ethiopia Nectophrynoides minutus Tanzania (Uluguru Mts.) Nectophrynoides occidentalis (=Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis [141]) Mt. Nimba Viviparous Toad Guinea (Mt. Nimba), Ivory Coast (Mt. Nimba), Liberia ? 1 CITES II RDB Id Exp LA(Pr) LA LA LA Ref 171 171,236 171,236 171, 236 171,449 236 171,236 171 171 171,539 171,193 171 171,236 CITES RDB Exp Ref Nectophrynoides osgoodi i - - 171 (=Spinophrynoides osgoodi, Bufo osgoodi [141]) Ethiopia Nectophrynoides tornieri I - - 171 Tanzania (Usambara, Uluguru, Uzungwe Mts.) Nectophrynoides viviparus I - - aL7/al Tanzania (Kinga, Rungwe, Uluguru Mts) Family DENDROBATIDAE Dendrobates abditus II - - 171,355 Ecuador Dendrobates altobueyensis IEIL - - Lz /ah Golden Poison-arrow Frog Colombia Dendrobates anthonyi TEE - - 171 Anthony's Poison-arrow Frog Ecuador [355], Peru Dendrobates arboreus ICE - - zl, Panama Dendrobates auratus Atle - - 171 Green Poison-arrow Frog Colombia, Costa Rica [449], Nicaragua [508,509], Panama, [Oahu, Hawaii] Dendrobates azureus eh - - 171 Blue or Giant Poison-arrow Frog Surinam Dendrobates bassleri II - - 171 Pleasing Poison-arrow Frog Peru Dendrobates bolivianus ACA - - 171 Bolivia Dendrobates bombetes II - - aLz/al Colombia Dendrobates boulengeri TEAL - - py Jal Marbled Poison-arrow Frog Colombia, Ecuador [355] Dendrobates captivus if - - aL7/AL Peru Dendrobates erythromos II - - 171,355 Ecuador Dendrobates espinosai Turquoise-bellied Poison-arrow Frog Ecuador Dendrobates fantasticus Peru Dendrobates femoralis Brilliant-thighed Poison-arrow Frog Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador [355], French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname Dendrobates fulguritus Yellow-bellied Poison-arrow Frog Colombia Dendrobates galactonotus Splash-backed Poison-arrow Frog Brazil Dendrobates granuliferus Granular Poison-arrow Frog Costa Rica Dendrobates histrionicus Red and Black Poison-arrow Frog Colombia, Ecuador [355] Dendrobates ingeri Brother Niceforo's Poison-arrow Frog Colombia Dendrobates labialis Peru Dendrobates lehmanni Red-banded Poison-arrow Frog Colombia Dendrobates leucomelas Yellow-banded Poison-arrow Frog Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Venezuela Dendrobates maculatus Panama Dendrobates minutus Blue-bellied Poison-arrow Frog Colombia, Panama Dendrobates myersi Colombia Dendrobates mysteriosus Peru Dendrobates occulator Colombia CITES II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II RDB Exp Ref 171,355 171 171 171 171 171,449 al7/at 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 Dendrobates opisthomelas Andean Poison-arrow Frog Colombia Dendrobates parvulus Ruby Poison-arrow Frog Colombia, Ecuador [355], Peru Dendrobates petersi Peruvian Poison-arrow Frog Peru Dendrobates pictus Spot-legged Poison-arrow Frog Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador [355], French Guiana (France), Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Bolivia, Venezuela Dendrobates pulchripectus Beautiful-breasted Poison-arrow Frog Brazil Dendrobates pumilio Strawberry, Red and Blue, or Flaming Poison-arrow Frog Costa Rica [449], Nicaragua [508,509] Dendrobates quinquevittatus Amazonian Poison-arrow Frog Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador [355], French Guiana (France), Suriname? Dendrobates reticulatus Peru, Reticulated Poison-arrow Frog Peru Dendrobates silverstonei Peru Dendrobates smaragdinus Emerald Poison-arrow Frog Peru Dendrobates speciosus Splendid Poison-arrow Frog Panama Dendrobates steyermarki Demonic Poison-arrow Frog Venezuela Dendrobates tinctorius Dyeing Poison-arrow frog Brazil, French Guiana (France), Guyana?, Suriname CITES Mag IME II II II II ast II AEE rss II ALIE II RDB Exp Ref 171 171 171 171 L7 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 Dendrobates tricolor Phantasmal Poison-arrow Frog Ecuador Dendrobates trivittatus Three-striped Poison-arrow Frog Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador [355], French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname Dendrobates truncatus Yellow-striped Poison-arrow Frog Colombia Dendrobates vanzolinii Brazil, Peru Dendrobates viridis Colombia Dendrobates zaparo Sanguine Poison-arrow Frog Ecuador Phyllobates aurotaenia Colombia Phyllobates bicolor Colombia Phyllobates lugubris Lovely Poison-dart Frog Costa Rica, Panama Phyllobates terribilis Colombia Phyllobates vittatus Orange and Black, or Golfoduicean Poison-dart Frog Costa Rica Family DISCOGLOSSIDAE Discoglossus nigriventer Israel Painted Frog Israel (Lake Huleh) (ex?) [393], Syria (Lake Huleh) (ex?) Baleaphyrne muletensis (=Alytes muletensis) Ferretet Spain (Mallorca) [546] Family HYLIDAE Hyla andersonii Pine Barrens Tree Frog USA CITES II II ITE EE II JEL II II II II II RDB Id Exp LA Ref 7,355 171 171 ib7/al 171 AL SiS5) 171 171 171 AGS 171 171,236 ab7/ak 7250 Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis Illinois Chorus Frog USA Family HYPEROLIIDAE (sometimes treated as a subfamily of RHACOPHORIDAE) Tachynemis seychellensis (=Megalixalus seychellensis, M. infrarufus) Seychelle Islands Tree Frog Seychelle Islands (Mahe, Praslin, La Digue, Silhouette) Family LEIOPELMATIDAE Leiopelma archeyi Archey's Frog New Zealand (Coromandel Peninsula, North Id.) Leiopelma hamiltoni Hamilton's Frog New Zealand (Stephen Id., Maud Id.) Leiopelma hochstetteri Hochstetter's Frog New Zealand (North Island) Family LEPTODACTYLIDAE Batrachophrynus macrostomus Lake Junin (Giant) Frog Bolivia, Peru (Lake Junin) Eleutherodactylus jasperi Golden Cocqui Frog Puerto Rico Melanobatrachus indicus Black Microhylid India (Kerala) Somuncuria somuncurensis (=Telmatobius somuncurensis) Argentina (near Valcheta, Rio Negro) Family MICROHYLIDAE Dyscophus antongilii (=Discophus antongili) Madagascar (Antongil Bay and south of Tamatave) Family MYOBATRACHIDAE (alternatively regarded as a subfamily of LEPTODACTYLIDAE) RDB Id Id Id Exp Ref 171,236 236,380 40,171 39,236 40,171 39,236 375 40,171 39,236 171,236 171,236 171 171 171,208 397 Philoria frosti Baw-baw Frog Australia (Mt. Baw Baw, Victoria) Rheobatrachus silus Platypus Frog Conondale Gastric-brooding Frog Australia (Conondale and Blackall Ranges, Queensland) Rheobatrachus vitellinus Eungella Gastric-brooding Frog Australia (Eungella Nat. Park, Queensland) Family PELOBATIDAE Pelobates fuscus insubricus Italian Spadefoot Toad Italy (Plains of River Po), Switzerland (Ticino) (ex?) Family PIPIDAE Xenopus gilli Cape Platanna, Cape Clawed Toad South Africa (Cape Town region) Family RANIDAE Conraua goliath (=Rana goliath, Gigantorana goliath) Goliath Frog Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea Platymantis vitiensis Fijian Ground Frog Fiji Rana fisheri (=R. onca, R. pipiens fisheri) Vegas Valley Leopard Frog USA (Nevada) Rana hexadactyla Six-fingered Frog Bangladesh [234], India [239], Nepal, Sri Lanka [262] Rana latastei Italian Agile Frog Italy (north) [545], Switzerland (south), Yugoslavia (Nova Gorica hills) CITES ry II II RDB Id Id Exp Ref stata al 7/al 236 111,171 236,502 235 7 3017, 235 171,236 225 171,236 326 171,236 440 nal 171,236 171 171 CITES RDB Exp Ref Rana tigerina DE - Ly 171 (=R. tigrina) Tiger Frog, Indian Bullfrog Bangladesh [234], Burma [58], China [58], India [239], Kampuchea [58], Laos [58], [Madagascar], Malaysia (West) [41, 56], Nepal [490], Pakistan [354], Sri Lanka [262], Taiwan, Thailand [493], Viet Nam (Records of this species in Indonesia are likely to refer to allied species formerly included in R.tigerina) Family SOOGLOSSIDAE (sometimes treated as a subfamily of RANIDAE) Nesomantis thomasseti - R - 171,380 Thomasset's Seychelles Frog 236 Seychelles (Mahe, Silhouette) Sooglossus gardineri - R - 171,380 Gardiner's Seychelles Frog 236 Seychelles (Cerf, Mahe) Sooglossus sechellensis - R - 171,380 Seychelles Frog 236 Seychelles (Mahe, Silhouette) Order CAUDATA (URODELA) Family AMBYSTOMATIDAE Ambystoma dumerilii II - - 171 (except subspecies dumerilii) Mexico (San Juan del Rio, Queretaro) (This species comprises two subspecies; the systematic status of one of these [A. d. queretarensis] is uncertain) Ambystoma dumerilii dumerilii II R (F) 171,236 Lake Patzcuaro Salamander or Achoque Mexico (Michoacan) Ambystoma lermaense - R F 171,236 (=A. lermaensis) Lake Lerma Salamander Mexico (Lake Lerma) Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum - E - 171,236 Santa Cruz Long-toed Salamander USA (California) Ambystoma mexicanum II R LA 171,236 Axolotl Mexico (Lake Xochimilco region) Ambystoma tigrinum californiense (=A.californiense) California Tiger Salamander USA (California) Family CRYPTOBRANCHIDAE Andrias davidianus (=Megalobatrachus davidianus) Chinese Giant Salamander China (tributaries of Yangzi, Yellow and Pearl Rivers) Andrias japonicus (=Megalobatrachus japonicus) Japanese Giant Salamander Japan (south-west Honshu, central Kyushu) Family PLETHODONTIDAE Batrachoseps aridus Desert Slender Salamander USA (California) Batrachoseps simatus Kern Canyon Slender Salamander USA (California) Batrachoseps stebbinsi Tehachapi Slender Salamander USA (California) Eurycea nana San Marcos Salamander USA (Texas) Hydromantes brunus Limestone Salamander USA (California) Hydromantes shastae Shasta Salamander USA (California) Phaeognathus hubrichti Red Hills Salamander USA (Alabama) Family HYNOBIIDAE Batrachuperus mustersi Afghanistan [547] Plethodon larselli Larch Mountain Salamander USA (Oregon, Washington) Plethodon neomexicanus Jemez Mountains Salamander USA (New Mexico) CITES RDB Vv Id Id Exp F,LA Ref LA 23.6) 171,230 236 171,236 171,236 171,236 171,236 171,236 171,236 171,236 171,236 LL 171,236 216 171,236 CITES RDB Exp Ref Plethodon nettingi - K - 171,236 (=P. richmondi nettingi) Cheat Mountian Salamander USA (West Virginia) Plethodon stormi - Kea 171 Siskiyou Mts Salamander USA (Oregon, California) Typhlomolge rathbuni - E - 171,236 (=Eurycea rathbuni) Texas Blind Salamander USA (Texas) Typhlotriton spelaeus - K - ifAle2 3.6 Grotto Salamander USA Family PROTEIDAE Proteus anguinus - V LA a7 SASS) Olm, Cave Salamander 225 Italy (north-east, and [Parolini grotto, Vicenza]) [76,138,144], Yugoslavia (coastal mountains) Family SALAMANDRIDAE l Chioglossa lusitanica - V - 171,236 (Gold-striped Salamander 2,225 Portugal [310,311,312], Spain [387] Paramesdtriton deloustali - Id - 171 (=Mesotriton deloustali) Vietnamese Salamander Vietnam (near Hanoi) Order TESTUDINES Family KINOSTERNIDAE Kinosternon angustipons - R - 202,241 Narrow-bridged Mud Turtle Costa Rica [449], Nicaragua [509], Panama Kinosternon creaseri - Vv - 202,241 Creaser's Mud Turtle Mexico Kinosternon dunni - R - 202,241 Dunn's Mud Turtle Colombia Kinosternon oaxacae - Id - 241 Oaxaca Mud Turtle Mexico (South) Sternotherus depressus - Vv = 202,241 (=S. minor depressus) Flattened Musk Turtle USA (Alabama) 10 CITES RDB Exp Ref Family DERMATEMYDIDAE Dermatemys mawii ie Vv F,E 202,241 Central American River Turtle Belize [357], Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico Family EMYDIDAE Annamemys annamensis - K - 241 Annam Leaf Turtle Vietnam Batagur baska it E F,E 202,241 Batagur, River Terrapin Bangladesh, Burma, India [123,124], Indonesia (Sumatra), Kampuchea ?, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam (extreme south) Callagur borneoensis - E F,E 202,241 Painted Terrapin, Painted Batagur, Three-striped Batagur Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra), Malaysia (West Malaysia, Sarawak), Thailand (south) Cistoclemmys galbinifrons - K - 241 (=Cuora galbinifrons) Indochinese Box Turtle Vietnam (north) Cistoclemmys hainanensis - K - 241 (=Cistoclemmys flavomarginata hainanensis Cuora flavomarginata hainanensis) Hainan Box Turtle __»China (Hainan) Cuora yunnanensis = K = 241 (=Cyclemys yunnanensis) Yunnan Box Turtle China (Yunnan province) / Clemmys muhlenbergii II R (LA) 202,241 Bog Turtle, Muhlenberg's Turtle USA Geoclemys hamiltonii iL Id LA 241 (=Damonia hamiltonii) Black Pond Turtle, Spotted Pond Turtle Bangladesh, India [123,124], Nepal? [359], Pakistan [354] Geoemyda silvatica - Vv F 203,241 (=Heosemys silvatica) 202,358 Kavalai Forest Turtle, Cane Turtle India (Anaimalai Hills, Kerala) Graptemys barbouri - K - 241 Barbour's Map Turtle USA (Alabama, Georgia, Florida) iL Graptemys caglei Cagle's Map Turtle USA (Texas) Graptemys flavimaculata Yellow-blotched Map Turtle USA (Mississippi) Graptemys oculifera Ringed Map Turtle (Louisiana, Mississippi) Heosemys depressa Arakan Forest Turtle Burma (Arakan hills) Heosemys leytensis Leyte Pond Turtle Philippines (Leyte) Heosemys spinosa (=Geoemyda spinosa) Spiny Turtle Brunei, Indonesia (Bangka, Batu Belitung, Bunguran, Kalimantan, Lingga, Singkep, Sumatra), Malaysia, Thailand Kachuga kachuga Red-crowned Roofed Turtle Bangladesh, India (North), ?Nepal Kachuga tecta tecta Indian Sawback, Roofed, Tent, or Dura Turtle Bangladesh, India [124], Pakistan [354] Kachuga trivittata Burmese Roofed Turtle Burma Melanochelys tricarinata (=Geoemyda or Nicoria tricarinata) Three-keeled Land Tortoise, Tricarinate Hill Turtle Bangladesh, India [124], Nepal? [359] Morenia ocellata Burmese Eyed, Swamp or Peacock Turtle Bengal Eyed Terrapin Burma Orlitia borneensis Malaysian Giant Turtle Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra), Malaysia CITES RDB - K Exp LA Ref 241 241 241 241 241 241 241 241 241 241 241 241 CITES RDB Exp Ref Pseudemys alabamensis - R F 202,241 Alabama Red-bellied Turtle USA Rhinoclemmys rubida - K - 202,241 Mexican Spotted Wood Turtle Mexico Terrapene coahuila i Vv LA 202,241 Aquatic Box Turtle, Water Box Turtle Coahuila Turtle Mexico (Cuatro Cienegas, Coahuila) Trachemys decorata - K - 241 (=Trachemys stejnegeri decorata) Hispaniolan Slider Dominican Republic (southwest), Haiti (south) Trachemys scripta callirostris - V F,LA 202,241 (=Pseudemys scripta callirostris [241,458], P. ornata callirostris, Chrysemys ornata callirostris) South American Red-lined Turtle LA Colombia, Venezuela Trachemys stejnegeri malonei - R - 202,241 (=Pseudemys malonei [241,458], P. terrapen malonei, Chrysemys malonei) Inagua Island Turtle Bahamas (Great Inagua Island) Trachemys terrapen felis - R - 202,241 (=Pseudemys felis [241,457,458]) Cat Island Freshwater Turtle Bahamas (Cat Island) Family TESTUDINIDAE Chersina angulata iy - LA 241 (=Testudo angulata) Angulated Tortoise, Bowsprit Tortoise Namibia, South Africa [65,485] Geochelone carbonaria II - F,LA 202,241 Red-footed Tortoise 456 Argentina, [Antigua and Barbuda], Bolivia, Brazil, [British Virgin Is. (UK)], Colombia, French Guiana (France), [Grenada], Guyana, [Montserrat (UK)], Panama, Paraguay, [St Vincent and the Grenadines], Suriname, [Trinidad], [US Virgin Is. (USA)], Venezuela 13 Geochelone chilensis (=Chelonoides chilensis) (inc. G. donosobarrosi, G. petersi) Argentine Tortoise, Chaco Tortoise, Argentina, Bolivia?, Paraguay, Geochelone denticulata Yellow-footed Tortoise, Forest Tortoise, Brazilian Giant Tortoise Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador (355], French Guiana (France), Guyana, Peru [136,427], Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Geochelone elegans Indian Star Tortoise Venezuela Bangladesh, India [123,124], Pakistan [354], Sri Lanka Geochelone elephantopus (the various island forms are sometimes regarded as full species) Galapagos Giant Tortoise Galapagos Is. (Ecuador) Geochelone gigantea (=Aldabrachelys elephantina [406], Dipsochelys elephantina) Aldabra Giant Tortoise Aldabra (Seychelles), (small island near Nossi Be)], [Seychelles Is. (several islands, notably Curieuse, Cousin, Fr, gate, Th,rese)], [Mauritius], [Reunion (France)], [Tanzania (Prison Id.) ] Geochelone pardalis Leopard Tortoise, Mountain Tortoise Angola, Botswana [26], Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho?, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland?, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Geochelone platynota Burmese Starred Tortoise Burma Geochelone radiata Radiated Tortoise Madagascar (south), (France) ] [Reunion (Madagascar 14 CITES RDB Exp ey II II IGE II II V F,LA - F,LA - LA V = R 2 - F,LA K F Ref 241,513 202,300 241 241 202,241 420 202,241 241,300 202,241 V F,H,LA 202,241 CITES RDB Geochelone sulcata CIE - Spurred Tortoise, Grooved Tortoise Burkina Faso?, Chad, Djibouti?, Ethiopia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger?, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan Geochelone yniphora I E Madagascar Tortoise, Angonoka Madagascar (northwest, near Baly Bay) Gopherus agassizii agit V (=G. polyphemus agassizii, Scaptochelys or Xerobates agassizii) Desert Tortoise, Western Gopher Tortoise Mexico [384], USA [297] Gopherus berlandieri II Id (=G. polyphemus berlandieri, Scaptochelys or Xerobates berlandieri) Texas Gopher Tortoise, Berlandier's Tortoise Mexico, USA (Texas) Gopherus flavomarginatus I E Bolson Tortoise, Mexican Giant Gopher Tortoise Mexico (Chihuahua) Gopherus polyphemus II Vv Florida Gopher Tortoise USA Homopus areolatus IE3E - Beaked Cape Tortoise, Parrot-beaked or Areolated Tortoise South Africa Homopus bergeri II K Namibia Homopus boulengeri II - Boulenger's Cape Tortoise Namibia?, South Africa Homopus femoralis II - Karroo Cape Tortoise South Africa Homopus signatus II - Speckled Cape Tortoise Namibia, South Africa 15 Exp LA(F,) F,LA LA F,LA,E LA LA Ref 241 122,241 202 202,241 21,61 392 202,241 61,433 202,241 365 202,241 210,29 59,241 201 59 59,241 59,241 59,241 Indotestudo elongata (=Geochelone elongata) Elongated Tortoise, Yellow Tortoise, Pineapple Tortoise Bangladesh, Burma, China [402], India [124], Kampuchea, Laos, Malaysia [56], Nepal [490], Thailand, Vietnam Indotestudo forstenii Travancore Tortoise (includes Geochelone travancorica [Travancore Tortoise] and G. forstenii [Sulawesi or Celebes Tortoise]; India (Karnataka, Kerala) [G.travancorica], Indonesia (Halmahera, Sulawesi) [G.forstenii] Kinixys belliana Bell's Hinged Tortoise Angola, Benin, Botswana [26], Burkina, Burundi?, Cameroon Central African Republic?, Congo, Djibouti?, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambi [210], Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast?, Kenya, Lesotho (ex), Liberia?, Madagascar[?] [270], Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda?, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Kinixys erosa Serrated, Schweigger's, Common or Forest Hinged Tortoise Angola, Benin?, Burkina Faso,Cameroon Central African Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia [210], Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo?, Uganda, Zaire Kinixys homeana Home's Hinged Tortoise Benin?, Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Togo?, Zaire Kinixys natalensis (=K. belliana natalensis [70]) Natal Hinged Tortoise Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland 16 CITES RDB II aca Abie LE ata aes K Exp F,LA F,LA Ref 241 124,241 202,228 241 241 241 241 CITES RDB Malacochersus tornieri II K Pancake Tortoise Kenya (south), Tanzania (north and east) Manouria emys II K (=Geochelone emys) (includes Testudo nutapundi) Asian or Burmese Brown Tortoise, Six-legged Tortoise Bangladesh (east), Burma, China?, India (north-east) [124], Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra), Kampuchea?, Laos?, Malaysia (West [56], Sabah?, Sarawak), Thailand, Vietnam? Manouria impressa II K (=Geochelone impressa) Impressed Tortoise Burma, China (Hainan Id.)?, Kampuchea?, Laos?, Malaysia (West), Thailand, Vietnam Psammobates geometricus I V (=Testudo geometrica) Geometric Tortoise South Africa (Cape Prov.) Psammobates oculifera II - (=Testudo oculifera) Serrated Star Tortoise, Toothed Cape Tortoise, Kuhl's Tortoise Botswana [26], Namibia, South Africa Psammobates tentorius II - (=Testudo tentoria) African Tent Tortoise Namibia, South Africa [201] Pyxis arachnoides AEE Id Spider Tortoise Madagascar (south-west coast) Pyxis planicauda Il Id (=Acinixys planicauda, Testudo planicauda) Madagascar Flat-shelled Tortoise Madagascar (Andranomena forest) Testudo graeca II - (except subspecies graeca) (includes T. zarudnyi [Iran]) Spur-thighed Tortoise, Common Tortoise, Greek Tortoise Albania?, Bulgaria [42], [Cyprus] [225], Egypt, Greece, Iran [7], Iraq (306], Israel [337], Jordan, Lebanon?, Libya [452], Romania [172], Syria, Turkey [37], USSR [9,36], Yugoslavia AL) Exp LA F,LA LA LA LA LA(F) Ref 202,241 300 202,241 202,241 202,241 201 241 241 202,241 202,241 241,276 300 CITES RDB Exp Ref Testudo graeca graeca II V LA 202,241 Spur-thighed Tortoise, Common Tortoise, 275,276 Greek Tortoise 225,300 Algeria, Egypt? [275], [France (south)], [Italy (incl. Sardinia) ], Libya [452], Morocco [275], Spain (south, Balearic Is?), Tunisia Testudo hermanni or: Vv LA (F) 202,241 Hermann's Tortoise 276,491 Albania, Bulgaria [42], France 103,225 (south, Corsica) [134,488,489 300 Greece [487], Italy (incl. Sardinia), [Malta?] Romania [172], Spain (incl. Balearic Is), Turkey (European) [37], Yugoslavia [330] Testudo horsfieldii Ie - LA 241,309 (=Agrionemys horsfieldii) 276,300 Central Asian tortoise, Horsfield's Tortoise, Afghan Tortoise Afghanistan [285], China [15], Iran [7], Pakistan [354], USSR [36,79] Testudo kleinmanni II V - 202,241 Egyptian Tortoise, Kleinmann's Tortoise, 276 Leith's Tortoise Egypt [319], Israel [337,338], Libya Testudo marginata ame - LA 241,276 Margined Tortoise BPS) Greece [220], [Italy, Sardinia] Family CHELONIIDAE The entries below outline species' ranges in general terms and list countries where nesting has been recorded (without differentiating between occasional, minor, or major nesting) Because of the wide and somewhat unpredictable distribution of sea turtles away from their nesting beaches, it is impractical to list those countries in whose territorial waters individual sea turtles may be expected to occur. This applies to the CHELONIIDAE and DERMOCHELYIDAE. Caretta caretta I V (F)E 30,20 Loggerhead 31,95 Nesting recorded on beaches of 215,304 tropical, subtropical and temperate 479 seas (Atlantic, Caribbean, Indian, 18 Mediterranean, Pacific). Wandering individuals recorded in temperate and arctic waters (to 70°N at Murmansk, USSR, and to 35°S at Rio de la Plata, Argentina) Angola? [96], Australia [286,290], Bahamas, Bangladesh [258], Belize (353], Brazil [416], British Virgin Islands (UK), Burma?, Cape Verde Is? [74], Cayman Is. (UK) [391], China (Xisha Is.) [106,164], Colombia [381], Costa Rica [66,116], Cuba [314], Cyprus [131], Dominican Republic, Egypt, France (Corsica) (ex), Greece, Grenada [154] Guadeloupe [168], Guatemala [295], Haiti [253], Honduras [116,148], India?, Indonesia [445], Israel, Italy, Jamaica [254], Japan [480,503], Libya, Madagascar, Mexico [109,315,316,353], Montserrat (UK), Morocco [74], Mozambique [232], Namibia [232], New Caledonia (France) [404,407], Nicaragua {116,364], Oman [437], Panama (116,135], Papua New Guinea? [476] Philippines [126], Puerto Rico [188], Senegal [74,143,308], South Africa [232], Sri Lanka [252], St Lucia [372], Turkey [179,180] Turks and Caicos Is. (UK) [159) USA [46,114,146], Venezuela [405,408] Chelonia depressa (=Natator depressa) Flatback Nests in north and north-east Australia [286,287,290,293]; recorded in waters of Indonesia [379] and Papua New Guinea [476] Chelonia mydas Green Turtle (includes the East Pacific or Black Turtle, often treated as a full species Chelonia agassizii [4,171]) Nesting recorded on beaches of tropical and subtropical seas (Atlantic/Caribbean, India, Mediterranean, Pacific); wandering individuals recorded in temperate waters (to 52 N in the English Channel and to 43 S in Chile). 19 CITES RDB I z I E Exp (F) F,E(SK) Ref 202,294 289,479 202,205 5}(0),5 Sib 95,215 248,260 304,350 349,389 479 CITES RDB Exp Major breeding and feeding areas between 20°N and 20°S. Most numerous in Australia and Indonesia, large nesting populations also exist in Costa Rica (at Tortuguero on the Caribbvean coast) and at several sites around the Indian Ocean American Samoa (USA) [35], Angola [74,232], Anguilla (UK) [423], Antigua and Barbuda [25], Ascension (UK) [369], Australia [286,287,288,290], Bahamas, Bangladesh [256,258,448], Barbados?, Belize [353], Benin? [74], Bermuda (ex) (reintroduction attempted) (91], Brazil [416], British Indian Ocean Territory (UK) [162], British Virgin Islands (UK) [158], Burma [321,447], Cameroon? [74], Cayman Is. (ex) (UK), Chile?, China [106,164], Colombia [381], Comores [163], Congo? [74], Cook Is. (NZ) [35], Costa Rica [66,116,117], Cuba [295] Cyprus [131], Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador [197], Egypt [165], El Salvador [116], Equatorial Guinea (Bioko) [74], Ethiopia, Federation States of Micronesia [215,403], Fiji [404], French Guiana (France) [167], French Polynesia (France) [279,404], Gabon? [74], Galapogos Is. (Ecuador) [194,195,196,197], Ghana? [74] Grenada [154], Guadeloupe (France) (168], Guam [403], Guatemala (116,295], Guinea? [74] Guinea-Bissau? [74], Guyana [418], Haiti [253], Hawaii (USA) [35], Honduras [148], India [252,462,468], Indonesia [379,400,445,455] Iran [437], Israel (ex?), Ivory Coast? [74], Jamaica [254], Japan [503], Kampuchea, Kenya [162], Kiribati (35], Kuwait, Liberia? [74], Line Is. (northern) (USA) [35], Madagascar [232], Malaysia (West [281,461], Sabah [127,128], Sarawak {127]), Maldives [113,370], Marshall Is. [403], Mauritania [74] Mauritius (St Brandon, Mauritius (ex), Rodrigues (ex) [173,232], Mayotte (France) [162,163], Mexico {4,108,109,315,316,353], Montserrat (UK) [242], Morocco? [74] Mozambique [232], Netherlands Antilles (Netherlands) [543,544], 20 Ref CITES RDB Exp New Caledonia (France) [404,407,424], Nicaragua [116], Nigeria?, Northern Marianas [403] North Yemen [437], Oman [436,437] Pakistan [155,477], Palau Republic [403], Panama [116,135], Papua New Guinea [476,477], Peru, Philippines [126,320], Puerto Rico [188], Quatar?, Reunion (Europa, Tromelin) (France) [232,277,278], Sao Tome and Principe [74], Saudi Arabia [237,238,437], Senegal [74,143], Seychelles [150,162,367,368], Sierra Leone, Solomon Is. [404], Somalia [500], South Yemen [150,151,437], Sri Lanka, St Kitts-Nevis [534], St Lucia [372], St Vincent, Suriname [356,417,454], Taiwan?, Tanzania (162], Thailand [32,400], Togo? [74], Tokelau Is. (NZ) [34,35], Tonga [404], Trinidad and Tobago [102], Turkey [179,180], Turks and Caicos Is. (UK) [159], Tuvalu [35], United Arab Emirates, USA [114,146], US VIrgin Is., Vanuatu [404], Venezuela [405,408], Vietnan, Western Sahara? [74], Western Samoa? [35,537], Zaire? [74] Eretmochelys imbricata I E F,TS Hawksbill Turtle E Nesting recorded on beaches of tropical and subtropical seas (Atlantic/Caribbean, Indian, Pacific): wandering individuals occasionally recorded in temperate waters American Samoa (USA) [35],Anguilla [423], Antigua and Barbuda [250], Aruba?, Australia (286,287,292, Bahamas, Bangladesh [256,258,448], Barbados [233], Belize [353], Brazil [416], British Indian Ocean Teritory (UK) [162], British Virgin Islands (UK) [158], Burma [321,447], Cameroon? [74] Cape Verde Is.? [74], Cayman Is. (UK) [391], Colombia [381], Comores [163], Cook Is. (NZ) [35], Costa Rica [66,116,117], Cuba [314], Djibouti?, Dominica [145], Dominican Republic, Ecuador [197], Egypt [165], El Salvador [116], Equatorial Guinea (Bioko) [74], Ethiopia, Federated States of Micronesia [215,403], Fiji [404], French Guiana? (France), French Polynesia? (France), Gabon? [74], Ghana? [74], 21 Ref 202,205 30,31 95,260 248,304 348,350 349,390 479,538 CITES RDB Exp Grenada [154], Guadeloupe (France) [168], Guam?, Guatemala [95,295], Guinea? [74], Guinea-Bissau? [74], Guyana [418], Haiti [253], Hawaii (USA) [35], Honduras [148], India {153,252,462], Indonesia [379,445,455], Iran [437], Jamaica (254], Japan [503], Kampuchea, Kenya [162], Kiribati?, Kuwait?, Madagascar [232], Malaysia (West) [281,467], Sabah [127,128], Sarawak [127], Maldives [113,370], Marshall Is. [403], Martinique (France) (168], Mauritania? [74], Mayotte (France) [162,163], Mexico (109,315, 316,353], Montserrat (UK) [242], Mozambique [232], Netherlands Antilles (Netherlands) [543,544], New Caledonia (France) [404,407], Nicaragua [116,364], North Yemen?, Oman [437,444], Palau Republic {403], Panama [135], Papua New Guinea [476,477], Philippines [128,320], Puerto Rico [188,383], Qatar [437], Reunion (Iles Glorieuses) (France), Sao Tome and Principe [74], Saudi Arabia [237,437], Senegal? [74,143,308], Seychelles [75,162,367,396], Sierra Leone, Solomon Is. [404], Somalia [500], South Yemen [151,437], Sri Lanka [238], St Kitts-Nevis [534], St Lucia [372], St Vincent [366], Sudan, Suriname [356,454], Taiwan?, Tanzania [162], Thailand [32], Togo?, Tokelau Is. (NZ) (34,35], Tonga [404], Trinidad and Tobago [102], Turks and Caicos Is. (UK) [159], Tuvalu?, United Arab Emirates?, USA, US Virgin Is. (USA), Vanuatu [404], Venezuela [405,408], Vietnam, Western Sahara? [74], Western Samoa [35] Lepidochelys kempii I E (F) Kemp's Ridley, Atlantic Ridley Single major nesting site in Rancho Nuevo on the Gulf coast of Tamaulipas State, Mexico. Attempts are being made to establish a nesting colony at Padre Island, Texas (USA). Most frequently recorded in the Gulf of Mexico, also regularly recorded in Atlantic waters (to 58 N in Scotland), particularly along the coast of North America, very occasionally recorded in the Mediterranean 22 Ref 202,317 92,160 30,327 31,95 218,304 316,479 CITES RDB Exp Ref Lepidochelys olivacea I E F,SK 30,202 Olive Ridley, Pacific Ridley E 31,95 Nesting recorded on beaches of 304,479 tropical and subtropical seas (Atlantic, Indian, Pacific), most sites between 30°N and 20°S. Major mass nesting occurs at Gahirmatha in Orissa State, India; Nancite and Ostional on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica; and at a now reduced number of sites on the Pacific coast of Mexico. Occasionally recorded in the Caribbean, but nests rarely if at all. Angola [(74],96,232], Australia [286], Bangladesh [256,258,448], Brazil {416], Burma [252,321,447], Costa Rica [66,116,117,118], El Salvador [116], French Guiana (France) [167], Guatemala [116], Guyana [418], Honduras [116], India [252,462], Indonesia [379,445], Kenya [162], Madagascar, Malaysia (West [281,467] Sarawak), Mexico [109], Mozambique [232], Nicaragua [116], Oman [437], Pakistan [155,251], Panama [116], Papua New Guinea [476], Peru [213], Senegal [74], South Africa, Sri Lanka [252], Suriname [356,417,454], Tanzania (162], Thailand [32], Trinidad and Tobago [102], Venezuela [405,408] Family DERMOCHELYIDAE (see note under CHELONIIDAE) Dermochelys coriacea I E - 202,371 Leatherback, Leathery Turtle, Luth 30,31 Nesting recorded on beaches of tropical 95,304 and subtropical seas (Atlantic, Indian, 479 Pacific), notably in Pacific Mexico, Irian Jaya (Indonesia), Malaysia (West) and French Guiana. Most sites between 30°N and 20°S. Nesting has been recorded in the Mediterranean. Foraging populations regularly occur in cool temperate waters, including areas off the Atlantic coasts of North America and Europe, off south-east Australia and western South America Angola [96,232], Anguilla [423], Antigua and Barbuda [250], Australia [286,291], Brazil [416], British Virgin Islands (UK) [158], Burma [321,447], Colombia?, Costa Rica 23 CITES RDB Exp Ref [66,116,117], Cuba [314], Dominica [145], Dominican Republic, Ecuasor [197], El Salvador [116], Fiji [404], French Guiana (France) [167], Ghana, Grenada [154], Guadeloupe (France) [168], Guatemala [295], Guyana [418], Honduras [148], India [252,462], Indonesia (43,379,400,445], Israel (ex?), Italy (Sicily) (ex), Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malaysia (West) [281,467], Martinique (France) [169], Mexico [109,316,353], Montserrat (UK) [242], Mozambique [232], Netherlands Antilles (Netherlands) [543], Nicaragua [116,364], Panama [116,135,351], Papua New Guinea [409,476,477], Peru?, Puerto Rico [188], Senegal [143,308], Solomon Is. [404], South Africa [232], Sri Lanka [252], St Kitts [534], St Lucia [372], St Vincent [366], Suriname [356,417,454], Thailand [32,400], Togo, Trinidad and Tobago [102], USA, US Virgin Is. (USA), Venezuela? [405,408], Zaire Family CARETTOCHELYIDAE Carettochelys insculpta - K F 202,241 Pig-nosed Turtle, Pitted-shell Turtle, New Guinea Plateless Turtle Fly River Turtle Australia (N. Territory) [111], Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea (southern lowlands) [533] Family TRIONYCHIDAE Lissemys punctata punctata I - ig 241,518 (=L. p. andersoni) Indo-Gangetic Flap-shell Indian Flap-shell Turtle Bangladesh, Burma (north-west), India (north) [123,124], Pakistan [354] (Whilst the taxon L. p. punctata is listed by CITES, seemingly with referernce to the Indo-Gangetic population, it has been shown [342] that this trinomial in fact applies to the population in peninsular India. The name L. p. andersoni has been proposed as a replacement name for the INDO-Gangetic form) 24 CITES RDB Exp Ref Trionyx ater it - - 241,469 (=Trionyx spiniferus ater) (=Apalone spinifera ater [352]) Cuatro Cienegas Soft-shell Turtle, or Black Soft-shell Turtle Mexico (Cuatro Cienegas basin ) (ex?) (According to Smith and Smith [469], followed by Iverson [241], T. ater has been swamped genetically by thw widespread North Amereican species T. spiniferus which has invaded the Cuatro Cienegas basin; McCoy [323] implies that hybridisation is not complete) Trionyx gangeticus ie - F 241 (=Aspideretes gangeticus [352]) Indian or Ganges Soft-shell Turtle Afghanistan?, Bangladesh, India (124], Nepal [490], Pakistan [354] Trionyx hurum aL - F 241 (=Aspideretes hurum [352]) Peacock Soft-shell Turtle Bangladesh, India [124], Nepal (Gandak R.) [359] Trionyx nigricans Ts R - 202,241 (=Aspideretes nigricans [352]) Black Soft-shell Turtle, Bostami Turtle, Sacred Black Mud Turtle Bangladesh (Nasirabad near Chittagong) Trionyx triunguis III - F 241 African or Nile Soft-shell Turtle Angola (inc. Cabinda), Benin, Burkina Faso?, Cameroon, Central African Republic?, Chad, Congo?, Djibouti?, Egypt [319], Equatorial Guinea?, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia [210], Ghana, Guinea?, Guinea Bissau, Israel [337], Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Mali?, Mauritania, Namibia (Cunene Rivere on Angola-Namibia border), Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Syria?, Togo, Turkey, Uganda, Zaire Family PELOMEDUSIDAE Erymnochelys madagascariensis deat Id F 202,241 (=Podocnemis madagascariensis) Madagascar Sideneck Turtle Madagascar 25 CITES RDB Pelomedusa subrufa III - Helmeted Turtle, Marsh Terrapin Angola, Benin, Botswana [26], Burkina Faso?, Cameroon, Central African Republic?, Chad?, Congo?, Djibouti?, Equatorial Guinea?, Ethiopia, Gambia?, Ghana, Guinea?, Guinea Bissau?, Ivory Coast?, Kenya, Liberia?, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger?, Nigeria, North Yemen, Saudi Arabia (southwest), Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwek Peltocephalus dumerilianus II - (=P. dumeriliana, Peltocephalus tracaxa, Podocnemis dumeriliana) Big-headed Sideneck Big-headed Amazon River Turtle Brazil, Colombia, French Guiiana (France), Peru?, Venezuela Pelusios adansonii aley - Adanson's Mud Turtle GH White-breasted Side-necked Turtle Cameroon?, Chad, Gambia?, Ghana?, Kenya,! Mali, Mauritania?, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan Pelusios castaneus III - West African Mud Turtle GH (including East African Yellow-bellied Mud Turtle, often treated as a full species, P. castanoides) Angola, Benin, Cape Verde Is., Congo, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, ,Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Nigeria, Rwanda, Principe e Sao Tome (Sao Tome), Senegal, Seychelles Islands [57], Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Pelusios gabonensis IIlI - African Forest Turtle GH Stripe-backed Side-necked Turtle Gaboon Turtle Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire 26 Exp Ref 241 241 241 241,69 241,69 CITES RDB Pelusios niger IGE West African Black Forest Turtle Black Side-necked Turtle African Black Terrapin Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo Pelusios seychellensis - Seychelles Mud Turtle Seychelles Podocnemis erythrocephala abit (=P. cayennensis) Red-headed Sideneck Red-headed Amazon Turtle Brazil, Colombia, Guyana?, Venezuela Podocnemis expansa II South Amereican River Turtle, Arrau Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia [219] Ecuador [355], Guyana?, Peru [136], Venezuela Podocnemis lewyana 1e3E Magdalena River Turtle Colombia Podocnemis sextuberculata II Six-tubercled Amazon River Turtle Brazil, Colombia, Peru [136] Podocnemis unifilis Ife Yellow-headed Sideneck Yellow-spotted Sideneck Turtle Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador [355], French Guiana (France), Guyana, Peru [136], Suriname, Venezuela Podocnemis vogli 1EIE Savanna Sideneck Turtle Colombia, Venezuela Family CHELIDAE Acanthochelys macrocephala = (=Platemys macrocephala) Big-headed Pantanal Swamp Turtle Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil Acanthochelys pallidipectoris - (=Platemys pallidipectoris [241,322]) Chaco Sideneck Turtle Argentina, Paraguay 27 Id Exp F, (LA) F, (LA) Ref 241 241 202,241 202,241, 249,300 202,241 202,241 202,241, 249 241 241 202,241 Acanthochelys spixii (=Platemys spixii [241,322]) Spix's Sideneck Turtle Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay Phrynops dahli Dahl's Toad-headed Turtle Colombia (Sincelejo, Bolivar state) Phrynops hogei Hoge's Sideneck Turtle Brazil (south-east) [421] Phrynops rufipes Red-footed Sideneck Turtle _ Brazil, Colombia [274] Pseudemydura umbrina Western Swamp Turtle Australia (north-east of Perth) “Phrynops zuliae . (=Batrachemys zuliae) Zulia Toad-headed turtle Venezuela (east) [408] Order CROCODYLIA Family ALLIGATORIDAE Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator USA Alligator sinensis Chinese Alligator China Caiman crocodilus apaporiensis (=C. sclerops apaporiensis) Rio Apaporis (Spectacled) Caiman Colombia (Rio Apaporis) Caiman crocodilus crocodilus (C. sclerops crocodilus) Spectacled Caiman Bolivia (north)?, Brazil [305] Colombia, Ecuador [355], French Guiana (France), Guyana, Peru [136] Suriname [184,385], Trinidad and Tobago, [USA], Venezuela [189,313,459] Caiman crocodilus fuscus (=C. sclerops fuscus) (=C. c. chiapasis in part) Brown Caiman Colombia, Costa Rica, [Cuba], Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua [509], Panama, [Puerto Rico (subspecies uncertain)], Venezuela 28 CITES RDB z K - Id = Id 2 K it E 2 K Tek 2 ii E I T nae i nae T Exp LA, SK F,SK SK SK SK Ref 202,241 202,241 202,241 202,241 111,241 241 202,204 221,244 245,272 67 202,204 231,515 101 202,204 300,523 202,204 300,329 202,204 329,523 300 Thy CITES RDB Exp Caiman crocodilus yacare Ie rT SK (=Caiman yacare; includes C. c. matogrossiensis and C. c. paraguayensis) Yacare Caiman Argentina (north of 30°Ss) [514], Bolivia (east), Brazil (Mato Grosso and Pantanal), Paraguay Caiman latirostris I E SK(LA) Broad-nosed Caiman Argentina [514], Bolivia [329] Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay Melanosushus niger I Eenerask Black Caiman | (LA) Bolivia, Brazil [305],/French—Guiana+. Ecuador [355], French Guiana (France), Guyana, Paraguay [329], Peru [136] Paleosuchus palpebrosus itae - (SK, ) Dwarf Caiman, Cuvier's Smooth-fronted Caiman Bolivia [329], Brazil [305], Colombia, Ecuador [355], French Guiana (France), Guyana, Peru [136] Suriname [385], Venezuela [186,189] Paleosuchus trigonatus II - (SKS) Schneider's Smooth-fronted Caiman Bolivia, Brazil [305], Colombia, Ecuador [355], French Guiana (France), Guyana, Peru [136], Suriname, Venezuela [1186,189] Family CROCODYLIDAE Crocodylus acutus ac E SK American Crocodile Belize?, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic [496], Ecuador (355], El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti [496], Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua [509], Panama, Peru, USA (Florida) [272,273], Venezuela [313,459,460] Crocodylus cataphractus it Id SK(F) African Slender-snouted Crocodile, Long-snouted Crocodile Angola (Cabinda), Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia [210], Ghana, Guinea, 29 Ref 202,204 300,329 202,204 300,329 202,204 329,399 202,204 329 202,204 329 202,204 261,329 202,204 401 Guinea-Bissau?, Ivory Coast [512], Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Zaire, Zambia Congo Crocodylus intermedius Orinoco Crocodile Colombia, Venezuela [161,185,410] Crocodylus johnsoni Australian Fresh-water Crocodile, Johnson's Crocodile Australia Crocodylus moreletii Morelet's Crocodile Belize [1], Guatemala, | Honduras7[ Mexico Crocodylus niloticus Nile Crocodile Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia [210], Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia [463], South Africa, Swaziland, Togo, Uganda, Zaire Botswana [50], Cameroon, Congo, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique [526], Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia Zimbabwe Crocodylus novaeguineae mindorensis (=Crocodylus mindorensis) Mindoro or Philippines Crocodile Philippines Crocodylus novaeguineae novaeguineae (=Crocodylus novaeguineae) New Guinea Crocodile Indonesia (Irian Jaya) [434,532], Papua New Guinea [120,223,224,360,533] 30 CITES RDB II(eq) Id I E II Vv I E I Vv II(eq) V II Vv I E 16 Vv Exp SK(F) SK SK (F,E) SK(F,E) SK(F,E) SK LA, SK,E Ref 202,204 329 111,202 204,243 19,90 517 202,204 202,204 401 47 202,204 435 202,204 300 Crocodylus palustris Mugger, Marsh Crocodile, Broad-snouted Crocodile Bangladesh (ex?) [257,527], India [464,465,466], Iran (Sarbaz River) [7], Nepal [464], Pakistan [354], Sri Lanka [132] Crocodylus porosus Estuarine Crocodile, Salt-water Crocodile Bangladesh [257,527], Brunei [528], Burma (Irrawaddy Delta) [446], India [464,465,466], Kampuchea, Malaysia (West [56], Sabah [3], Sarawak [121]), Palau Republic, Philippines, Singapore (ex), Solomon Is. [324], Sri Lanka [132], Thailand (ex?), Vanuatu, Vietnam Indonesia Australia [90,111,243,345,346 20,89,516], Papua New Guinea (120,223,224,533] Crocodylus rhombifer Cuban Crocodile Cuba Crocodylus siamensis Siamese Crocodile Brunei?, Burma? [446], Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra) [434], Kampuchea [511], Laos?, Malaysia (West)?, Thailand (ex?), Vietnam? (According to Ross [434], Indonesian populations are distinct from those of mainland South-east Asia) Osteolaemus tetraspis West African Dwarf Crocodile Angola (Cabinda), Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Zambia [210], Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau?, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Uganda?, Zaire Congo Tomistoma schlegelii False Gharial, Malayan Gharial Burma? [446], Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra), Malaysia (West [56], Sarawak [121]), Thailand (ex?) 31 CITES II (eq) II II(eq) RDB Exp Ref Vv F,SK,E 202,204 506,528 531 E LA,SK,E 202,204 506,528 300 E LA,SK,E 532 E LA, SK,E E SK 202,204 E SK 202,204 506,528 Id SK 202,204 (F,LA) 401 E LA,SK 202,204 506,528 CITES RDB Family GAVIALIDAE Gavialis gangeticus I Gharial, Gavial Bangladesh [152,257,527], Bhutan? [464], India [464,465,466], Nepal [464,490], Pakistan [354] Order RHYNCHOCEPHALIA Family SPHENODONTIDAE Sphenodon punctatus uc Tuatara New Zealand (offshore islands) Order SAURIA Family GEKKONIDAE Anarbylus switaki - (=Coleonyx switaki) Barefoot Gecko USA Cyrtodactylus serpensinsula) II (=Nactus serpensinsula) Serpent Island Gecko Mauritius (Round Id., Serpent Id., extinct on Mauritius) [88] Oedura reticulata - Reticulated Velvet Gecko Australia (W. Australia) [111] Phelsuma abbotti II Abbott's Day Gecko Madagascar, Seychelles (Aldabra, Assumption) [99,100,176] (P. befotakensis and P. chekei should probably be regarded as subspecies of P. abbotti [177] Phelsuma andamanensis II Andaman Day Gecko Andaman Islands (India) Phelsuma astriata oy Seychelles Phelsuma barbouri II Madagascar 32 Exp E SK(E) R = R = R = V = - LA - LA Ref 202,204 506,528 529 125,202 376 236 236 300 473,530 100,497 176,300 CITES RDB Exp Ref Phelsuma befotakensis II - - 55 Madagascar (north-west) Phelsuma borbonica II - - (includes P. agalega, P. cepediana borbonica) Mauritius (Agalega), Reunion (France) Phelsuma breviceps II - - (=P. mutabilis breviceps) Madagascar Phelsuma cepediana II - LA 300 Mauritius Greater Day Gecko Mauritius, [Reunion (France) ] Phelsuma chekei II - - 55 Madagascar (north) Phelsuma comorensis yi - LA 333,334 (=P. dubia comorensis) 300,342 Comores (Grande Comore) Phelsuma dubia IE - LA 333,334 Comores, Madagascar, Mayotte 300 (France), Mozambique (Mozambique Id.)? [72], Tanzania (incl. Zanzibar [386]) Phelsuma edwardnewtonii II E - 510 (=P. newtoni) Rodrigues Day Gecko Mauritius (Rodrigues) (ex) Phelsuma flavigularis ME - - Madagascar Phelsuma guentheri II E - 88,236 Round Island Day Gecko Mauritius (Round Id., extinct on Mauritius) Phelsuma guimbeaui ial - - Mauritius Phelsuma guttata II - - 332 Madagascar Phelsuma laticauda II - LA 300 Gold-dust Day Gecko Comores, Madagascar, Mayotte (France), Seychelles [99,100,176] 33 Phelsuma lineata Side-striped Day Gecko Madagascar Phelsuma madagascariensis Madagascar Day Gecko Madagascar Phelsuma modesta Madagascar Phelsuma mutabilis Madagascar Phelsuma nigristriatus Comores Phelsuma ocellata (=Rhoptropella ocellata [439]) Spotted Day Gecko Namibia, South Africa [64] Phelsuma ornata (=P. vinsoni [343]) Mauritius (inc. Round Id.), Reunion (France) [88] Phelsuma parkeri Tanzania (Pemba Id.) Phelsuma quadriocellata (includes P. bimaculata [335]) Madagascar Phelsuma robertmertensi Comores Phelsuma seippi Madagascar (Nossi Be) Phelsuma serraticauda (=P. flavigularis serraticauda) Madagascar Phelsuma standingi Madagascar Phelsuma sundbergi (includes P. longinsulae [498,499}) Seychelles Phelsuma trilineata Madagascar Phelsuma v-nigra (=P. abbotti v-nigra) Comores, Mayotte (France) 34 CITES RDB II II II II Tsk II IEE Tels II ante ek II ale II II ET: Exp LA LA LA Ref 55,300 343 336 386 335 99,100 549 100,497 176 300 CITES RDB Exp Ref Family XANTUSIIDAE Xantusia riversiana - R - 236 (=Klauberina riversiana) Island Night Lizard U.S. (California) Family AGAMIDAE Ceratophora tennentii - Vv - Leaf-nosed Lizard Sri Lanka Hydrosaurus pustulatus - Vv F,SK 236 Sail-fin Lizard, Soa-Soa Water Lizard, Crested Lizard Philippines Uromastyx acanthinurus II - LA(SK) (includes U. dispar [Sudan]) Bell's Dabb Lizard or Black Spiny-tailed Lizard Algeria, Chad, Egypt [319], Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Senegal, Sudan, Tunisia, Western Sahara Uromastyx aegyptius II - - 25 (includes U. microlepis [25]) Egyptian Spiny-tailed or Dabb Lizard Bahrain [174], Egypt [319], Iran [6], Iraq [306], Israel [337], Jordan, Kuwait, North Yemen, Oman [24], Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Yemen, United Arab Emirates Uromastyx asmussi II - SK Horn Lizard Afghanistan [285], Iran [6], Pakistan [354] Uromastyx benti II - - 725) North Yemen?, South Yemen Uromastyx geyri II - - Algeria, Niger Uromastyx hardwickii II - F,SK Hardwick's Spiny-tailed Lizard Afghanistan [285], India [44,123,473], Pakistan [354] Uromastyx loricatus II - - Iran [6], Iraq [306] Uromastyx macfadyeni II - - Ethiopia, Somalia [463] 35 CITES RDB Exp Ref Uromastyx ocellatus II - - 25 Eyed Dabb Lizard (includes U. ornatus Ornate Dabb Lizard, and U. philbyi [25]) Egypt [319], Israel [337], Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Sudan Uromastyx princeps eT - - Ethiopia, Somalia [463] Uromastyx thomasi II - - 24,25 Uromastyx Chomast Oman . Family CHAMAELEONIDAE Brdnpolr. = _, % HUpnwmadle Se Bradypodion caffrum ifae - - A pot eked. South Africa Bradypodion damaranum II - - 413 Knysna Dwarf Chameleon South Africa Bradypodion dracomontanum II - - 413 South Africa Bradypodion gutturale II - - 413 South Africa Bradypodion karroicum ele - - (=B. ventrale karroicum) South Africa Bradypodion melanocephalum II - - 413 Madagascar, South Africa Bradypodion nemorale II - - 414 South Africa (Zululand) pay as Bradypodion occidentale stats = = 263 i B.vertrele |4=B. ventrale occidentale}, South Africa Bradypodion pumilum II - - 413 South Africa Bradypodion setaroi IgE - - 413 South Africa (Zululand) Bradypodion taeniabronchum aBIe V - Smith's Dwarf Chameleon South Africa (Cape Province) Bradypodion thamnobates II - - 413 South Africa Bradypodion transvaalense II - - South Africa z | BeSeien uthmoelleri II - - 263 . South Africa 36 CITES RDB Bradypodion ventrale IE - Eastern Dwarf Chameleon South Africa Chamaeleo adolfifriderici DE - (=Bradypodion adolfifriderici [263]) Rwanda, Uganda, Zaire Chamaeleo affinis If - Djibouti?, Ethiopia, Somalia Chamaeleo africanus II - African Chameleon Burkina Faso?, Cameroon, Chad, Djibouti?, Egypt, Ethiopia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia [463], Sudan Chamaeleo anchietae gel: - Angola, Tanzania, Zaire Chamaeleo angeli amg - (=Furcifer angeli [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo antimena ate - (=Furcifer antimena [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo arabicus ACI - North Yemen [331], Oman (Dhofar) [24], South Yemen Chamaeleo balteatus II - (=Furcifer balteatus [263]) (=C. bifidus balteatus) Two-banded Chameleon Madagascar Chamaeleo belalandaensis II - (=Furcifer belalandaensis [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo bifidus 1g - (=Furcifer bifidus [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo bitaeniatus II - Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia?, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire Chamaeleo boettgeri AEE - (=Calumma boettgeri [263]) Madagascar 37 LA Ref 413 25 86 87 263,412 300 CITES RDB Chamaeleo brevicornis II - (=Calumma brevicornis [263]) Short-horned Chameleon Madagascar Chamaeleo calcaricarens II - Ethiopia, Somalia Chamaeleo calyptratus II - North Yemen [170,331], Saudi Arabia Chamaeleo campani atic - (=Furcifer campani [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo capuroni II - (=Calumma capuroni [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo carpenteri II - (=Bradypodion carpenteri [263]) Uganda, Zaire Chamaeleo cephalolepis II - (=Furcifer cephalolepis [263]) Comores, Mayotte? (France) Chamaeleo chamaeleon II - (formerly included C. arabicus and C. zeylanicus) Common, Mediterranean, or European Chameleon Algeria, Cyprus [344], Egypt, Gibraltar? [119], Greece (Crete, Peloponnese), Israel [337], Italy (Sicily), Jordan, Lebanon, Libya [452], Malta [264], Morocco, North Yemen [25], [Portugal] [225,344], Saudi Arabia [25], Spain (incl. [Canary Is.] [48,225,344]), Syria, Tunisia, Turkey Chamaeleo chapini II - Zaire Chamaeleo cristatus II - Crested Chameleon Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria Chamaeleo cucullatus II - (=Calumma cucullatus [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo deremensis II - Tanzania (Usambara Mts.) 38 Exp LA 52 25 82 Ref CITES Chamaeleo dilepis Il Flap-necked Chameleon Angola, Botswana [26], Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Somalia [463], South Africa, Tanzania (incl. Pemba and Zanzibar [386]), Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Chamaeleo eisentrauti II Cameroon Chamaeleo ellioti agit (=C. bitaeniatus elilioti [53]) Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire Chamaeleo fallax II (=Calumma fallax [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo fischeri aba (=Bradypodion fischeri [263]) Fischer's Chameleon Kenya, Tanzania Chamaeleo fuelleborni IEIE Tanzania Chamaeleo furcifer IEA (=Calumma furcifer [263]) Forked Chameleon Madagascar Chamaeleo gallus rT (=Calumma gallus [(263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo gastrotaenia II (=Calumma gastrotaenia [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo globifer II (=Calumma globifer [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo goetzei II Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia Chamaeleo gracilis II Graceful Chameleon Spur-heeled Chameleon Angola, Benin?, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad?, Congo, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)?, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia [210], Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Mali?, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia [463], Sudan, Tanzania, Togo?, Uganda, Zaire 39 RDB LA Ref 300 CITES RDB Chamaeleo guibei eT: - (=Calumma guibei [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo hoehnelii ok - Kenya, Uganda Chamaeleo incornutus II - Tanzania Chamaeleo jacksonii II - Jackson's Three-horned Chameleon Kenya, Tanzania Chamaeleo johnstoni 303g - Burundi, Central African Republic, Rwanda, Uganda, Zaire Chamaeleo kinetensis Tet - (=C. bitaeniatus kinetensis [53]) Sudan (Imantong Mtns.) Chamaeleo labordi II - (=Furcifer labordi [263]) (=C. rhinoceratus labordi) Madagascar Chamaeleo lateralis II - (=Furcifer lateralis [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo laterispinis EE - Tanzania Chamaeleo linotus ARIE - (=Calumma linota [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo malthe II - (=Calumma malthe [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo marshalli II - (=Rhampholeon marshalli) Short-tailed Dwarf Chameleon Mozambique, Zimbabwe Chamaeleo melleri II - Meller's Chameleon Malawi, Tanzania Chamaeleo minor TELE - (=Furcifer minor [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo mlanjensis II - (=Bradypodion mlanjensis [263]) Malawi 40 Exp LA LA Ref 300 300 CITES RDB Chamaeleo monachus IEIE - Socotra Chameleon Socotra (South Yemen) Chamaeleo monoceras II - (=Furcifer monoceras [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo montium ae - (includes C. feae) Mountain Chameleon Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria Chamaeleo namaquensis IEIE - Desert Chameleon Angola, Namibia, South Africa Chamaeleo nasutus ET - (=Calumma nasuta [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo oshaughnessyi IE - (=Calumma oshaughnessyi [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo oustaleti II - (=Furcifer oustaleti [263]) Oustalet's Giant Chameleon [Kenya (Ngong Forest, Nairobi)], Madagascar Chamaeleo oweni II - Owen's Three-horned Chameleon Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria, Zaire Chamaeleo pardalis II - (=Furcifer pardalis [263]) (includes C. guentheri [80]) Panther Chameleon Madagascar, [Reunion (France) ] Chamaeleo parsonii II - (=Calumma parsonii [263]) Parson's Giant Chameleon Madagascar Chamaeleo petteri II - (=Furcifer petteri [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo peyrieresi II - (=Calumma peyrieresi [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo pfefferi II - Cameroon 41 84 Ref Chamaeleo polleni (=Furcifer polleni [263]) Comoros Chamaeleo pumilis Variegated Dwarf Chameleon Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa Chamaeleo quadricornis Four-horned Chameleon Cameroon, Nigeria Chamaeleo quilensis (according to [63] quilensis is a synonym of C. dilepis) Angola, Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Somalia [463], South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe Chamaeleo rhinoceratus (=Furcifer rhinoceratus [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo rudis Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire Chamaeleo schoutedeni (=C. rudis schoutedeni [53]) Zaire Chamaeleo schubotzi (=C. rudis schubotzi [53]) Kenya (Mt. Kenya) Chamaeleo senegalensis Senegal Chameleon Benin, Burundi, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Gambia [210], Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia Chamaeleo spinosus (=Bradypodion spinosum [263]) Spiny Chameleon Tanzania Chamaeleo tempeli Tanzania 42 CITES RDB Exp II - - II - - II - - II - - II - - II - - II - - iat - - Ref 419 CITES RDB Chamaeleo tenuis ABIL - (=Bradypodion tenue [263]) Slender Chameleon Tanzania Chamaeleo tigris II - (=Calumma tigris [263]) Seychelles Chamaeleo tsaratananensis II - (=Calumma tsaratananensis [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo tuzetae II - (=Furcifer tuzetae [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo verrucosus II - (=Furcifer verrucosus [263]) Giant Chamaeleon Madagascar Chamaeleo werneri at - Tanzania Chamaeleo wiedersheimi II - Cameroon, Nigeria Chamaeleo willsii ish - (=Furcifer willsii [263]) Madagascar Chamaeleo xenorhinus IEIE - (=Bradypodion xenorhinum [263]) Uganda, Zaire Chamaeleo zeylanicus ita - Indian Chameleon (=C. chamaeleon zeylanicus) India [123,473], Pakistan [354], Sri Lanka Family IGUANIDAE Amblyrhynchus cristatus ite R Galapagos Marine Iguana Galapagos Is. (Ecuador) Anolis roosevelti - E Culebra Island Giant Anole Puerto Rico (Isla Culebra) (ex?) Brachylophus fasciatus I Vv Fiji Banded Iguana South Pacific Banded Iguana Fiji, Tonga, [Vanuatu] Brachylophus vitiensis I Vv Fiji Crested Iguana Fiji 43 Ref 85 83 149,236 236 183,236 149 112,183 149,182 CITES RDB Exp Conolophus pallidus II R - Barrington Land Iguana Galapagos Is. (Ecuador) Conolophus subcristatus II V - Galapagos Land Iguana Galapagos Is. (Ecuador) Cyclura carinata I R LA,F Turks and Caicos Ground Iguana, Bartsch's or Bahamas Rock Iguana Bahamas [14], Turks & Caicos Is. (UK) Cyclura collei I - - (=C. lophoma) Jamaica Ground Iguana Jamaica (ex?) Cyclura cornuta I rT: - Rhinoceros Iguana Dominican Republic, Haiti, Navassa Id. (USA) (ex?) Puerto Rico (Isla Mona) (USA) [16, 17] Cyclura cyclura I R F,LA (includes C. baelopha, C. figginsi, C. inornata) Andros Ground or Rock Iguana Bahamas [14] Cyclura nubila I Vv - (incl. C. caymanensis, C. macleayi) Cuban Ground Iguana, Cayman Islands Ground Iguana Cayman Is. (UK), Cuba [178], [Puerto Rico] [178] Cyclura pinguis £ E - Anegada Ground Iguana British Virgin Is. (Anegada) (UK) Cyclura ricordi I Id - Hispaniolan Ground Iguana, Ricord's Ground Iguana Dominican Republic, Haiti Cyclura rileyi I T F,LA Acklin's Ground Iguana, Watling Island Iguana, White Cay Ground Iguana San Salvador Ground Iguana Bahamas (Fortune Id., Fish Cay, North Cay, White Cay Watling Id = San Salvador) Gambelia silus - E - (=Crotaphytus silus, C. wislizenii silus) Blunt-nosed or San Joaquin Leopard Lizard USA (California) 44 Ref 149,236 105 149,236 524 149,236 28,240 149 149,236 149,236 149,236 149,236 94 149 14,236 236,361 362 Iguana delicatissima Antigua, Dominica, Guadeloupe (and dependencies) (France), St Barthelemy (France), St Eustatius (Netherlands), St Martin (France), Martinique (France), Nevis? Iguana iguana Common Iguana, Green Iguana Antigua and Barbuda, ;Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, British Virgin Is. (UK), Colombia [211], Costa Rica, Ecuador [355], El Salvador, French Guiana (France) [229], Grenada, Guadeloup (and dependencies) (France), Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras [347], Mexico, Montserrat (UK), Netherlands Antilles (Aruba [12], Bonaire, Curacao, Saba) [33], Nicaragua [509], Panama, Paraguay, Peru [136], Puerto Rico (USA), St Lucia [115], St Vincent, Suriname [508], Trinidad and Tobago, US Virgin Islands (USA), Venezuela Phrynosoma coronatum blainvillei San Diego Horned Lizaid Mexico (Baja California), USA (California) Sauromalus varius San Esteban Island Chuckwalla Mexico (San Esteban, Lobos, Pelicano SyIs-) Family LACERTIDAE Gallotia simonyi Hierro Giant Lizard Gorreta cliff on Hierro Id., Canary Is. (Spain) (Recent opinion is that the name Gallotia simonyi should be restricted to the extinct population of Roque Salmor (near Hierro), and that the extant population on Hierro represents a distinct, although as yet undescribed taxon, referred to as G. aff. simonyi [301}) Uma inornata Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard USA 45 CITES RDB aEIE - ILE - JEIL K T a I E = Vv Exp Ref F 149 F,LA,SK 149,156 49,300 - 236 - 97,149 - 236,303 301,302 CITES RDB Exp Ref Podarcis filfolensis filfolensis - R - 225,236 (=Lacerta f£. filfolensis) Filfola Lizard Malta (Filfola Id.) Podarcis lilfordi II - - 225,411 Lilford's Wall Lizard Spain (Balearics: Majorca, Minorca) Podarcis pityusensis II - - 107,318 Ibiza Wall Lizard 225 Spain (Balearics: Formentera, Ibiza, [Majorca]) Family CORDYLIDAE Cordylus campbelli IE - - Namibia Cordylus cataphractus 1g - - Armadillo Lizard South Africa Cordylus coeruleopunctatus II - - Blue-spotted Girdled Lizard South Africa Cordylus cordylus II - - (formerly included C. jonesii and C. rhodesianus) Common Girdled Lizard, Lord Derby Lizard Angola, Lesotho?, Namibia?, South Africa, Swaziland?, Zaire? Cordylus giganteus TE - - Giant Girdled Lizard, Giant Zonure, Sungazer Lesotho?, South Africa Cordylus lawrencei II - - Lawrence's Girdled Lizard South Africa (Little Namaqualand) Cordylus macropholis II - - South Africa Cordylus mclachlani II - - South Africa? Cordylus minor II - South Africa? Cordylus namaquensis Il - Namibia 46 CITES RDB Exp Ref Cordylus peersi age - - Peer's Girdled Lizard South Africa Cordylus polyzonus II - - Botswana?, Lesotho?, Namibia, South Africa Cordylus pustulatus IEE - - South Africa Cordylus rhodesianus IEIE - - Zimbabwe Cordylus tasmani igat - - Tasman's Girdled Lizard South Africa Cordylus tropidosternum 1G - - (includes C. jonesii [63]) Angola, Botswana [26], Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe Cordylus ukingensis II - Tanzania Cordylus vittifer sk: - - Angola, Botswana [26], Lesotho?, Namibia?, South Africa Cordylus warreni II - - Lesotho?, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe Pseudocordylus capensis II - - South Africa Pseudocordylus langi II - - Lesotho, South Africa Pseudocordylus melanotus I - - South Africa Pseudocordylus microlepidotus II - - (includes P. subviridis) Namibia?, South Africa Pseudocordylus robertsi II - - South Africa Pseudocordylus spinosus II - - South Africa 47 CITES RDB Exp Ref Family TEIIDAE Ameiva polops - E - 137,236 St. Croix Ground Lizard US Virgin Is. (St Croix & adjacent cays) (USA) Cnemidophorus hyperythrus II Vv - 236 Orange-throated Whiptail, Race-runner Mexico (Baja California), USA (California) Crocodilurus lacertinus TEE - SK Dragon Lizard Brazil, French Guiana (France) [229] (Although the species has been reported from the Guianan region generally, according to Hoogmoed [226] and Hoogmoed and Lescure [229] it is absent from Guyana and Suriname) Dracaena guianensis II - LA 300 Caiman Lizard skin: Croco-Teju, Jacuruxi, Cameleon Rojo Brazil, Ecuador [355], Peru [136] (Records from southern Brazil and Paraguay may refer to D. paraguayensis [226,229]) Tupinambis rufescens ALL - LA,SK 300,484 (incl. T. duseni, T. teguixin sebastiani) Argentine Teju, Red Teju Argentina [98], Bolivia?, Brazil, Paraguay [378], Uruguay [206] Tupinambis teguixin Il - LA, SK 300,484 (incl. T. nigropunctatus [484]) Common Tegu, Banded Tegu skin: Argentine or Brazil Teju Argentina [98,139], Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador [355], French Guiana (France) [229], Guyana, Paraguay [378], Peru [136], Suriname {508], Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela Although Presch [484] put T. nigropunctatus in the synonymy of T. teguixin, Hoogmoed and Lescure [229] reject this and treat the Tupinambis of northern South America (morth of 15 S) as T. nigropunctatus) 48 CITES RDB Exp Ref Family SCINCIDAE Ctenotus lancelini - R - Lancelin Island Skink Australia (Lancelin Island) Gongylomorphus bojerii fontenayi - R - 88,236 (=Scelotes bojeri) Macabe Forest Skink Mauritius (Macabe Forest) ‘Leiolopisma telfairii 3 R - 88,236 Round Island Skink Mauritius (Round Id.) Macroscincus coctaei - Exe oF 236,451 Cape Verde Giant Skink, Cocteau's Skink 200,450 Cape Verde Is. (Branco, Razo) Pseudemoia palfreymani - R - Pedra Branca Skink Australia (Pedra Branca Island) Tiliqua adelaidensis - Id - Adelaide Pigmy Blue-tongue Skink Australia Tribolonotus ponceleti - Id - Solomon Islands (Shortland Island) Family ANGUIDAE Gerrhonotus panamintus - K - 236 Panamint Alligator Lizard USA (California) Family ANNIELLIDAE Anniella pulchra nigra - Id - 236 Black Legless Lizard USA (California) Family HELODERMATIDAE Heloderma horridum II Id - 236 Beaded Lizard Guatemala, Mexico Heloderma suspectum AEs Vv - 236 Gila Monster Mexico, USA Family VARANIDAE Varanus acanthurus II - - 111,482 Spiny-tailed Pygmy Monitor Australia 49 CITES RDB Exp Ref Varanus bengalensis I - SK(F) 339 (=V. monitor) (includes V. nebulosus) Indian Monitor, Bengal Monitor, Common Monitor (India) skin: Agra, Bengal, Bengal Black, Indian Small-grain, Penang, Rice or Talagoya Lizard Afghanistan [285], Bangladesh [3], Bhutan?, Burma [473], India [123,473], Indonesia (Java)?, Iran [6], Kampuchea?, Laos?, Malaysia (West) [56], Nepal [490], Pakistan [354], Sri Lanka [473], Thailand [494], Viet Nam Varanus brevicauda itt - - 111,482 Short-tailed Pygmy Monitor Australia Varanus caudolineatus ifiE - - 111,482 Streak-tailed Monitor Australia Varanus dumerilii agit LA, SK Dumeril's Monitor skin: Fish Lizard Brunei?, Burma, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand [494] Varanus eremius II - - 111,482 Desert Pygmy Monitor Australia (Western Australia) [111] Varanus exanthematicus II - LA,SK,F 300,339 African Savanna Monitor, Bosc's Monitor skin: African Large-grain Lizard Angola, Benin?, Botswana [26], Burkina Faso?, Burundi?, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Djibouti?, Ethiopia, Gambia [210], Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya [296], Lesotho (ex), Liberia?, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger?, Nigeria {[142], North Yemen [25], Rwanda?, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia [463], South Africa, South Yemen [25], Sudan, Swaziland?, Tanzania [296], Togo, Uganda [296], Zaire?, Zambia [68], Zimbabwe Varanus flavescens 1 - SK(F) Yellow Monitor skin: Calcutta or Indian Oval-grain Lizard Bangladesh [3], India [473], Nepal [490], Pakistan [354] 50 CITES RDB Exp (The report of flavescens in Thailand [494] has not been confirmed) Varanus giganteus Ti - - Perentie Australia Varanus gilleni iat = é Pygmy Mulga Monitor Australia Varanus glauerti II - - Long-tailed Rock Monitor Australia Varanus glebopalma II - - Australia Varanus gouldii II - LA Sand Monitor, Gould's Monitor, Bungarra Australia [111,482], Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea [533] Varanus grayi 1g R - Gray's Monitor Philippines (Luzon) Varanus griseus Te - SK(F) (except subspecies caspius) Desert Monitor, Agra Monitor (India) skin: Agra, Bengal, Baghdad Small-grain Algeria, Chad, Egypt [319], India [473], Iraq [306], Israel [337,478], Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, North Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Yemen, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Western Sahara Varanus griseus caspius I Vv SK(F) Central Asian or Transcaspian Desert Monitor, Grey Monitor Afghanistan [285], Iran [6], Pakistan [354], USSR [9,36] Varanus indicus ACI - LA, SK Pacific Monitor, Mangrove Monitor skin: Ambon or Flower Lizard Australia [111], Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Indonesia, Northern Mariana Is. (USA), Palau Republic, Papua New Guinea [533], Republic of the Marshall Is.[?7], Solomon Is. [324] Varanus karlschmidti II - - Sepik Monitor, Schmidt's Monitor Indonesia, Papua New Guinea [533] Si Ref 111,482 111,482 111,482 111,482 25 236 CITES RDB Exp Varanus kingorum II - - King's Monitor Australia (WA, NT) Varanus komodoensis I R LA Komodo Dragon Indonesia (Komodo and adjacent islands) Varanus mertensi iit - - (includes V. bulliwallah) Merten's Water Monitor Australia Varanus mitchelli IEE - - Mitchell's Water Monitor Australia Varanus niloticus IEE - LA, SK Nile Monitor (F) skin: African Small-grain Lizard Angola, Benin, Botswana [26], Burkina Faso?, Burundi?, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad?, Congo, Djibouti?, Egypt [319], Equatorial Guinea (incl. Bioko), Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia [210], Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya [296], Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria [142], Rwanda?, Sao Tome and Principe (Principe), Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia [463], South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland?, Tanzania (incl. Zanzibar [386]) [296], Togo, Uganda [296], Zaire, Zambia [68], Zimbabwe Varanus panoptes II - - Australia (WA, NT) Varanus pilbarensis II - - Australia (WA only) Varanus prasinus II - LA Emerald Monitor Australia (Qld, Torres Straits Is.) [111], Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea [533] Varanus primordius deal - - (=V. acanthurus primordius) Ridge-tailed Monitor Australia [111] Varanus rosenbergi II - - Rosenberg's Monitor Australia 52 Ref 111,482 27 236 111,482 111,482 300,339 111,482 111,482 111,482 CITES Varanus rudicollis II Rough-necked Monitor, Tree Lizard Harlequin Monitor, Burma, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand [494] Varanus salvadorii ITE Papuan Monitor, Tree Crocodile Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea [533] Varanus salvator II (incl. V. bivittatus, V. togianus, V. cumingi) Water Monitor, Malayan Monitor skin: Ring, No-mark, Plain, or Rice Lizard, and many other trade names referring to origin eg. Java Lizard Bangladesh [3,473], Brunei?, Burma [473], China [402], Hong Kong [429], India (incl. Andaman and Nicobar Is.) [45,123,473], Indonesia [432], Kampuchea [473], Laos, Malaysia (West [56,259], Sabah, Sarawak), Philippines, Singapore [425], Sri Lanka [473], Thailand [280,494], Viet Nam [473] Varanus scalaris 16 (=V. timorensis scalaris) Australia Varanus semiremex II Mangrove Monitor, Rusty Monitor Australia Varanus spenceri II Spencer's Monitor Australia Varanus storri II Dwarf Monitor Australia Varanus timorensis ek: Timor Tree Monitor, Spotted Tree Monitor Australia [111], Indonesia [453], Papua New Guinea [533] Varanus tristis Il Freckled Monitor, Mournful Tree Monitor, Black-headed Monitor Australia Varanus varius II Lace Monitor, Common Tree Monitor Australia 53 RDB Exp LA, SK LA LA, SK LA Ref 300,339 482 alta 111 111,482 111,482 abital CITES RDB Exp Ref Order SERPENTES Family TYPHLOPIDAE Typhlops monensis - R - 236 Mona Blind Snake Isla Mona (Puerto Rico) (USA) Family ANILIIDAE Anomochilus leonardi - K - Leonard's Pipe Snake Malaysia (peninsula) Family BOIDAE The family Boidae is listed collectively on Appendix II, with the exception of a few species listed on Appendix I. The content of the family has been subject to discussion in recent years. Both McDowell [325] and Underwood [504] remove the genera Exiliboa, Trachyboa, Tropidophis and Ungaliophis; McDowell also removes Loxocemus, while Underwood retains Loxocemus and adds Xenopeltis. The list given here closely follows the more conservative treatment by Stimson [481]. The genus Morelia has recently been revived to include species formerly assigned to Bothrochilus, Chondropython, and Liasis, and the Australo-Papuan species of Python [472,483]. This is also the conclusion of an authoritative review by Stimson and Underwood now nearing completion (pers. comm.) Acrantophis dumerili I K LA 81,207 Dumeril's Boa 236 Madagascar Acrantophis madagascariensis i K LA 81,207 Madagascar Boa 236 Madagascar Aspidites melanocephalus II - - 111,483 Black-headed Python Australia Aspidites ramsayi II - - 111,483 Ramsay's Python, Woma 471 Australia 54 CITES RDB Boa constrictor Te - (=Constrictor constrictor) (excluding subspecies occidentalis) Boa Constrictor (skin: Ampalagua, Giboya, Masacuate) Argentina [98], Belize, Bolivia, Brazil [5], Colombia, Costa Rica {198,449], Dominica [147], Ecuador (355], El Salvador, French Guiana (France) [104], Guatemala, Guyana (227], Honduras [535], Mexico, Nicaragua [509], Panama, Paraguay, Peru [136], St Lucia [115], Suriname [227], Trinidad and Tobago [147], Venezuela [227] Boa constrictor occidentalis ae - Argentine Boa Constrictor Argentina [98], Bolivia?, Paraguay (Chaco) Bolyeria multocarinata aT: E Round Island Boa Mauritius (Round Id.) Calabaria reinhardtii II - Calabar Ground Python Benin [428], Central African Republic?, Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea (incl. Bioko), Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast [428], Liberia, Nigeria, Togo, Zaire [542] Candoia aspera II - (=Enygrus asper) Papuan Ground Boa Indonesia (Irian Jaya, Moluccas) [541], Papua New Guinea [388,533] Candoia bibroni Il - (=Enygrus bibroni) Pacific Boa American Samoa (Ta'u), Fiji, Loyalty Is. (New Caledonia) (France), Papua New Guinea (Bougainville), Solomon Is. [324], Tokelau?, Vanuatu, Western Samoa Candoia carinata II - (=Enygrus carinata) Tree Boa, Solomons Ground Boa Indonesia (east) [541], Palau Republic, Papua New Guinea [388,533], Solomon Is. [324] Casarea dussumieri I E Round Island Keel-scaled Boa Mauritius (Round Id., extinct on Mauritius) 55 Exp LA, SK LA,SK Ref 395,481 166,300 300,395 88,236 481 481 481 481 88,236 Charina bottae Rubber Boa Canada, USA (California subspecies C. b. umbratica no longer recognised, but still listed 'R' in RDB) Corallus annulatus (=Boa annulata) Annulated Tree Boa, Boa Arboricola Colombia, Costa Rica [449], Ecuador [355], Nicaragua [509], Panama Corallus caninus (=Boa canina) Emerald Tree Boa Bolivia, Brazil [5], Colombia, Ecuador [355], French Guiana (France) [104], Guyana [227], Peru [136], Suriname [227], Venezuela [227] Corallus enydris (=C. hortulanus, Boa hortulana) (includes Corallus or Boa cookii) Garden Tree Boa, Cook's Tree Boa Bolivia, Brazil [5], Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador [355], French Guiana (France) [104], Grenada [147], Guyana [227], Nicaragua [509], Peru [136], St Vincent and Grenadines [147], Suriname [227], Trinidad and Tobago [147], Venezuela [227] Epicrates angulifer Cuban Tree Boa Cuba (incl. Isla de Pinos & other islands) Epicrates cenchria Rainbow Boa Argentina [98], Bolivia, Brazil [5], Colombia, Costa Rica [449], Ecuador (355], French Guiana (France) [104], Guyana [227], Panama, Paraguay, Peru (136], Suriname [227], Trinidad and Tobago [147], Venezuela [227] Epicrates chrysogaster (=E. striatus chrysogaster) Bahamas Islands Boa Bahamas (Great Inagua) [14], Turks & Caicos Is. (UK) 56 CITES II II II II agit II II RDB Exp (BR) LA - LA Mele = LA(SK, ) Ref 236,481 395,481 166 395,481 166 395,481 166 178,236 461 395,481 166 461 CITES RDB Epicrates exsul isk - Abaco Island Boa Bahamas (Bahamas Bank, Great & Little Abaco I) Epicrates fordii II - (=E. inornatus fordii [481]) Ford's Boa Dominican Republic, Haiti Epicrates gracilis II - Haitian Vine Boa Dominican Republic, Haiti Epicrates inornatus I E Puerto Rican Boa, Culebra Grande Puerto Rico (USA) Epicrates monensis I E? (except subspecies monensis; includes E. m. granti = E. inornatus granti (481) only) Virgin Islands Tree Boa Great Camanoe, Guana, Necker, Tortola, Virgin Gorda (British Virgin Is) (UK), Cayo Diablo (Puerto Rico) (USA), St. Thomas (US Virgin Is.) (USA) (RDB sheet [236] is for E. inornatus of Puerto Rico, the status of the Virgin Is. form is unclear) Epicrates monensis monensis) I R (=E. gracilis monensis Mona Island Boa Mona Island (Puerto Rico) (USA) (uae 17] Epicrates striatus II - (except subspecies fosteri) Fischer's Tree Boa Dominican Republic, Haiti Epicrates striatus fosteri II R Bahamas Boa, Bimini Boa Bahamas Epicrates subflavus I Vv Jamaican Boa, Yellow Snake Jamaica Eryx colubrinus II - Kenyan or Theban Sand Boa Egypt [319], Ethiopia, Kenya [475], Niger, Somalia [463], Sudan, Tanzania 57 LA LA LA LA 14,461 461 461 236,461 236,374 236,426 461 461 14,236 461 236,382 481 CITES RDB Exp Ref Eryx conicus Il - LA, SK (=Gongylophis conicus) Indian Sand Boa, Russell's Sand Boa skin: Baby Python India [123,474,525], Pakistan [354], Sri Lanka [129] Eryx elegans II - - Afghanistan [285], Iran [6], USSR (Turkestan) [9,36] Eryx jaculus II - LA 481 Javelin or Spotted Sand Boa Albania, Algeria, Bulgaria, Egypt [319], Greece, Iran [6], Iraq [306], Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya [452], Morocco, Rofania (ex?), Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey [38], USSR [36], Yugoslavia Eryx jayakari II - - 481 Jayakar's Sand Boa Bahrain [174], Kuwait, N. Yemen, Oman [24], Qatar, PDRY (South Yemen), Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates Eryx johnii II - LA Blunt-tailed Sand Boa Afghanistan [285], India [123,474,525], Iran [6], Pakistan [354] Eryx miliaris ee: - - Dwarf Sand Boa China [10,402], Iran [6], USSR [36] Eryx muelleri II - - 481 Muller's Sand Boa Benin [428], Burkina Faso [428], Central African Republic?, Cameroon, Chad, Ghana, Ivory Coast [428], Mali, Mauritania, Niger [428], Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Togo [428] Eryx somalicus acae - - 463 Somalia Eryx tataricus aeat - - Tartary Sand Boa Afghanistan [285], China, Iran [6], Mongolia, Pakistan [354], USSR [36] Eunectes barbouri II - - 166,395 Brazil Eunectes deschauenseei II - - 166,395 Brazil, French Guiana (France) [104] 58 CITES RDB’ Exp Ref Eunectes murinus II - LA, SK 395,481 Anaconda 166,300 Bolivia, Brazil [5], Colombia, Ecuador [355], French Guiana (France) [104], Guyana [227], Paraguay [13], Peru [136], Suriname (227], Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad) [147], Venezuela [227] Eunectes notaeus II - SK 166,395 Yellow Anaconda 300 Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil [5], Paraguay, Uruguay Exiliboa placata ne}E - - 51 Mexico Lichanura trivirgata ALE - LA (includes L. roseofusca) Rosy Boa Mexico, USA (Arizona, California) Loxocemus bicolor II - - 481 Burrowing Python, Ground Python New World Python Costa Rica [449], El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras [535], Mexico, Nicaragua [509] Morelia albertisii II - - 325 (=Liasis albertisii, L. fuscus albertisii) D'Albertis' Python Australia (Torres Straits Is.) {111], Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea [388,533] Morelia amethistina II - - 325 (=Liasis amethistinus, or Python amethistinus) Amethystine (Rock) Python Australia (Cape York Peninsula, Torres Straits Is.) [111], Indonesia [541], Papua New Guinea [388,533] Morelia boa II - - (=Bothrochilus boa, Liasis boa) Barred Python Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Archipelago, mainland?) [325,533] Morelia boeleni II - - 325 (=Liasis boeleni, Python boeleni, L. taronga) Boelen's Python Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea [388,533] 59 Morelia carinata (=Liasis carinata) Rough-scaled Python Australia (Mitchell River Falls, WA only) Morelia childreni (=Liasis childreni) Children's (Rock) Python Australia Morelia mackloti (=Liasis mackloti) (includes L. fuscus) Water Python Australia [111], Indonesia (east) [541], Papua New Guinea [388,533] Morelia maculosa Australia (Qld) Morelia maxima (=Liasis maximus) (this taxon is known only from the type specimen and may be a synonym of M. papuanus [325]) Papua New Guinea Morelia oenpelliensis (=Python oenpelliensis) Australia Morelia olivacea (=Liasis olivaceus) Olive (Rock) Python Australia Morelia papuana (=Liasis papuanus) Papuan Python Indonesia (Irian Jaya) [541], Papua New Guinea [388,533] Morelia perthensis (=Liasis perthensis) Pygmy Python Australia (Western Australia) Morelia spilota (=Python spilotus) (includes Python bredli [191,472]) M. s. variegata-Carpet Python, M. s. spilotus-Diamond Python Australia [472,483], Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea [388,533] Morelia stimsoni Stimson's Python Australia 60 CITES II II II IE II II amie II II IEE bk RDB Exp SK SK Ref 470,483 111,472 483 325 472 190 483 325 483 325 472,483 CITES RDB’ Exp Ref Morelia viridis II - LA 325 (=Chondropython viridis) Green Tree Python Australia (Cape York Peninsula) {111], Indonesia (Irian Jaya) [541], Papua New Guinea [388,533] Python anchietae II - - 64 Angolan Python Angola, Namibia Python curtus JUIE - SK,LA 300 Short-tailed Python, Blood Python Brunei?, Indonesia (Bangka, Kalimantan, Sumatra) [541], Malaysia (West, Sabah, Sarawak) [192,501], Thailand [495] (Old records of this species from Singapore [492] and Viet Nam [93] are unconfirmed; there are no recent records) Python molurus agit V SK,LA, 236,300 (except subspecies molurus) (F) Burmese Python (P. m. bivittatus) Bangladesh (Chittagong) [268], Burma [474], China (south) [10,402], Hong Kong [431], Indonesia (Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan?) [541], Kampuchea [442], Laos [133], Thailand [495], Viet Nam [93] (Old reports of this species from Malaysia are unconfirmed; there are no recent records) Python molurus molurus I Vv SK,LA, 236,300 Indian Python, Rock Python (F) Bangladesh (south-west) [268,363], India [123,474,525], Nepal [490], Pakistan [354], Sri Lanka [129] Python regius ime - LA,SK 398,481 Ball Python, Royal Python Benin [428], Burkina Faso [428], Central African Republic?, Cameroon, Chad, Congo?, Equatorial Guinea?, Gabon?, Gambia [210], Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast [428], Liberia?, Mali, Niger [428], Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo [428], Uganda [398], Zaire 61 CITES RDB Exp Ref Python reticulatus II - LA,SK 300,481 Reticulated Python (Diamond or Java Rock Python) Bangladesh [255,268], Brunei [505], Burma [474], India (Assam?, Nicobar Islands) [428,474,525], Indonesia [541], Kampuchea? [442], Laos [133], Malaysia (West (192,501], Sabah, Sarawak), Philippines [282], Singapore [425], Thailand [495], Viet Nam [93] Python sebae ey - LA,SK 71,481 (includes P. saxuloides [71]) (F) 300,398 African Python, Water Python, African Rock Python Angola, Benin [428], Botswana [26], Burkina Faso [428], Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, (incl. Bioko), Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia [210], Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast [428], Kenya [475], Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania?, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger [428], Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia [463], South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania (incl. Zanzibar [386]), Togo [428], Uganda (398], Zaire [542], Zambia, Zimbabwe Python timoriensis ie - - 541 (=P. timorensis) Timor Python Indonesia (Flores, Timor) Sanzinia madagascariensis I K LA 81,207 Madagascar Tree Boa Madagascar Trachyboa boulengeri Il - - 481 Rough-scaled Boa Colombia, Ecuador [355], Panama Trachyboa gularis II - - 481 Brazil?, Ecuador [355] Tropidophis battersbyi ek: - - 355 Ecuador Tropidophis canus II - - 456 Wood Snake Bahamas [14], Cuba? [178] Tropidophis caymanensis II - - 456 Caymans Ground Boa Cayman Is. (UK) Tropidophis feicki II - - 178,456 Cuba 62 CITES RDB Exp Ref Tropidophis greenwayi LIL - - 456 Turks & Caicos Is. (UK) Tropidophis haetianus 1Oe - - 456 Haitian Ground Boa Cuba [178], Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica Tropidophis maculatus aoit - - 178,456 Cuba Tropidophis melanurus II - - 456 Cuba [178], Navassa Id. (USA) Tropidophis nigriventris aT: - - 178,456 Cuba Tropidophis pardalis II - - 178,456 Cuba Tropidophis paucisquamis II - - 481 Brazil [5], Peru Tropidophis pilsbryi II - - 178,456 Cuba Tropidophis semicinctus ICiL - - 178,456 Cuba Tropidophis taczanowskyi II - - 481 Brazil?, Ecuador [355], Peru Tropidophis wrighti II - - 178,456 Cuba Ungaliophis continentalis II - - Guatemala, Honduras [535], Mexico (Chiapas) Ungaliophis panamensis II - - Central American Dwarf Boa Colombia, Costa Rica [449], Nicaragua [509], Panama Xenoboa cropanii II - - 5 Brazil (Sao Paulo) Family COLUBRIDAE Atretium schistosum ayes - SK Olive Keel-back IN Bangladesh [363], India [123,474,525], Laos? [133], Sri Lanka [93] 63 CITES Cerberus rhynchops III Dog-faced Water Snake, Bockadam IN Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei? [412], Burma, India (inc. Andaman and Nicobar Is.) [123,474,525], Indonesia [541], Kampuchea [442], Malaysia (West [501], Sabah? [412], Sarawak? (412]), Pakistan ? [354], Palau Republic, Papua New Guinea [533], Philippines, Sri Lanka [129], Thailand [495], Viet Nam [93] Clelia clelia II (=Pseudoboa cloelia) Mussurana Argentina [98], Barbuda (ex) [147], Belize, Bolivia, Brazil [5], Colombia, Costa Rica [449], Dominica (147], Ecuador [355], El Salvador, French Guiana (France) [104], Grenada [147], Guatemala, Guyana [227], Honduras [535], Nicaragua [509], Panama, Paraguay, Peru [136], St Lucia (ex) [115], Suriname [227], Trinidad and Tobago [147], Uruguay, Venezuela [227] (Snakes from Mexico and elsewhere in Central Mexico formerly assigned to this species are now usually regarded as a full species Clelia scytalina) Drymarchon corais couperi - Eastern Indigo Snake USA (south-east) Elachistodon westermanni II Indian Egg-eating Snake Bangladesh, India [474,525], Nepal {157} Cyclagras gigas II (=Hydrodynastes gigas [140]) False Cobra, South American Water 'Cobra', Beach'Cobra' Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil [5], French Guiana (France) [104], Paraguay Masticophis flagellum ruddocki - San Joaquin Coachwhip USA (San Joaquin Valley, California) Iguanognathus werneri - Indonesia (Sumatra) 64 RDB Id Exp SK LA LA LA,SK Ref 267 236 175 236 CITES RDB Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus - R Almeda Striped Racer USA (California) Nerodia fasciata taeniata - R Atlantic Saltmarsh Snake USA (Florida) Nerodia harteri paucimaculata - Vv Concho Water Snake USA Nerodia sipedon insularum - K Lake Erie Water Snake Canada (Lake Erie), USA (Lake Erie) Ptyas mucosus =a It - Dhaman, Common Rat Snake, reo A Oriental Rat Snake % Afghanistan [285], Bangladesh [363], Burma, China [10,402], Hong Kong, India [123,474,525], Indonesia (Java, Sumatra) [541], Iran [6], Kampuchea [442], Laos [133],* Nepal [490], Pakistan [354], Sri Lanka {129], Taiwan [271], Thailand [495], USSR [9,36], Viet Nam [93] Thamnophis gigas - R (=Thamnophis couchi gigas) Giant Garter Snake USA (California) Thamnophis hammondi - R (=Thamnophis couchi hammondi) Two-striped Garter Snake Mexico (Baja California), USA (California) Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia - E San Francisco Garter Snake USA (California) Thermophis baileyi - R China Xenochrophis piscator Lei]: - (=Natrix piscator) IN Chequered Keelback [129], Common Scaled Water Snake, Fishing Snake Afghanistan [285], Bangladesh [363], Brunei?, Burma [474], China [10,402], Hong Kong, India [123,474,525], Indonesia (Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan?) [541],Kampuchea [442], Laos [133], Malaysia (West [501], Sabah? [412], Sarawak? [412]), Nepal [490], Pakistan [354], Sri Lanka [129], Taiwan [271], Thailand [495], Vietnam [93] 65 Exp SK LA LA SK Ref 236 236 236 236,438 236,438 236 CITES RDB Exp Ref Family ELAPIDAE Brachyaspis atriceps - R - Australia Hoplocephalus bungaroides II Id - 217 Broad-headed Snake Australia (New South Wales) 54 Micrurus diastema III Atlantic Coral Snake HN Belize, Guatemala, Honduras [535], Mexico Micrurus nigrocinctus IEIGIE - - 54 Black-banded Coral Snake HN Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica [199,449], El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras [535], Mexico, Nicaragua [509], Panama Naja naja Teh SK 187,284 (except subspecies oxiana) IN Asiatic Cobra Bangladesh, Bhutan?, Brunei?, Burma, China, India (incl. Andaman Is.) [123,474], Indonesia [541], Kampuchea, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines [282,283], Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Viet Nam Naja naja oxiana III E SK 236,246 (=N. oxiana) IN 187,284 Central Asian or Oxus Cobra Afghanistan [285], India (Jammu & Kashmir) [123,474,525], Iran (north-east) [6], Pakistan (north & north-west) [354], USSR (south-east) [9,36] (The systematic status of the various populations of Asiatic Cobra Naja naja [sensu lato] is not well established; more than one species may be involved; several sources (e.g.236) regard oxiana as a full species). Ogmodon vitianus - Id 110,236 Fiji Snake Fiji (Viti Levu) 66 CITES RDB Exp Ref Ophiophagus hannah Tie - (SK) 187,284 King Cobra, Hamadryad IN Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, China {[10,402], Hong Kong [430], India (incl. Andaman Is.) [123,474,525], Indonesia [541], Kampuchea [442], Laos [133], Malaysia (West ([192,501], Sabah? [412], Sarawak? [412]), Philippines [283], Singapore [501], Thailand [495], Viet Nam [93] Family HYDROPHIIDAE Laticauda crockeri - R - 548 Solomon Islands (Lake Te-Nggana, Rennell Island) Family VIPERIDAE Agkistrodon bilineatus III - - Cantil, Mocassin HN Belize, Costa Rica [449], El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras [535], Mexico, Nicaragua [509] Bothrops asper poled: = = 54 Fer-de-lance, Barba Amarilla HN Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica [449], Ecuador ? [355], El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras [535], Mexico, Nicaragua [509], Panama Bothrops insularis - R - 236,266 Queimada Island Bothrops Sp222 Brazil (Queimada Island) Bothrops nasutus III - - 54 (=B. nasuta) HN Horned Hog-nose Pit Viper Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica [449], Ecuador [355], El Salvador?, Guatemala, Honduras [535], Mexico, Nicaragua [509], Panama. Bothrops nummifer III - - 54 (=B. nummifera) HN Jumping Viper Belize, Costa Rica [449], El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras [535], Mexico, Nicaragua [509], Panama. Bothrops ophryomegas III - - 54 Corniz HN Belize?, Costa Rica [449], El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras [535], Nicaragua [509], Panama 67 CITES RDB Bothrops schlegelii IEICE - Eyelash Viper, Horned Palm Viper HN Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica [449], Ecuador [355], El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras [535], Mexico, Nicaragua [509], Panama, Venezuela Crotalus durissus III - Neotropical Rattlesnake HN Cascabel Argentina [98], Belize, Bolivia, Brazil [5], Colombia, Costa Rica [449], El Salvador (?), French Guiana (France) [104], Guatemala, Guyana [227], Honduras [535], Mexico, Nicaragua [509], Paraguay, Peru (?), Suriname [227], Uruguay, Venezuela [227] Crotalus unicolor - R (=C. durissus unicolor) Aruba Island Rattlesnake Aruba Crotalus willardi - T Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora, Zacatecas), USA (Arizona, New Mexico) Vipera ammodytes transcaucasiana - R Transcaucasian Long-nosed Viper Turkey (north-east) [38], U.S.S.R. (Caucasus) [9,36,60] Vipera bornmuelleri - Id (=Vipera berus bornmuelleri Vipera xanthina bornmuelleri) Lebanon, Syria Vipera bulgardaghica - Id Turkey Vipera kaznakovi - R Caucasian Viper Turkey (North-east), USSR Vipera latifii - E Latifi's Viper Iran (Lar Valley in Elburz Mts.) Vipera lebetina schweizeri - Vv Cyclades Blunt-nosed Viper Greece (Cyclades: Kimolos, Milos, Polyaigos, Siphnos) Vipera raddei - Id (=V. xanthina raddei) Armenian Viper Iran [6], Turkey [38], USSR (Armenia) [9,36,60] 68 LA LA LA LA Ref 54 54 12,236 130,212 22,236 246,377 8,236 236,246 225,486 540 246,377 60,236 CITES RDB Exp Vipera russellii PET - SK Russell's Viper IN Bangladesh [363], Bhutan [474], Burma [474], China [10,402], India (123,474,525], Indonesia (Java, Lesser Sundas) [27,73,541], Kampuchea [442], Laos [133]. Nepal, Pakistan [354], Sri Lanka [129], Taiwan [271], Thailand [495], Viet Nam? Vipera ursinii I - LA Orsini's Viper (European populations only) Albania [77], Austria (ex?) [181,298,299], Bulgaria [484}, France (south-west) [441], Greece, Hungary [484], Italy (central) [78], Romania [484], Turkey [38,246], Yugoslavia [484] Non-CITES populations occur in China, Iran and USSR. Vipera wagneri - Id - Iran 69 Ref 73,474 284 269,443 77,225 References iS 10. 11. 12. a3 14. 15. 16. Abercrombie, C.L., Hope, J.A., Holmes, J.M., Scott, D., and Lane, J.E.(1982). Investigations into the status of Morelet's crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) in Belize, 1980. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN. Aellen, V. (1965). Le chioglosse du Portugal. Musees de Geneve 56: 8-11. Alho, C.J.R. (1985). Conservation and management strategies for commonly exploited Amazonian turtles. Biol. Conserv. 32: 291-298. Alvarado, J. and Figueroa, A. (1986). The ecological recovery of sea turtles in Michoacan, Mexico. Special attention: the Black Turtle (Chelonia agassizi ). Final Report to WWF-US, US Fish and Wildlife Service. Amaral, A. do. (1977). Serpentes do Brasil: iconografia colorida. Universidade do Sao Paulo. Text in Portuguese and English. 246 pp. Anderson, S.C. (1963). Amphibians and Reptiles from Iran. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Fourth Ser., 31(16): 417-498. Anderson, $.C. (1979). Synopsis of the turtles, crocodiles, and amphisbaenians of Iran. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Fourth Ser., 41(22): 501-528. Andren, C., and Nilson, G. (1979). Vipera latifii (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae) an endangered viper from Lar Valley, Iran, and remarks on the sympatric herpetofauna. Journal of Herpetology, 13: 335-341. Anon. (Central Research Laboratory on Nature Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture) (1978). Red Data Book of USSR. Lesnaya Promyshlennost, Moscow. (2nd revised edtion, 1984). Anon. (multiple authors and editors). (19857). Atlas of Chinese Snakes. Technical Publishing House of Shanghai University. Anon. Mona Boa Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Anon. (1982). Discover Aruba's Wildlife. STINAPA No. 26. Anon. (1982). Plan de manejo y desarrollo conceptual del Parque Nacional Cerro Cora. Minesterio de Defensa Nacional; Ministerio de Agricultura y Genaderia. Asuncion, Paraguay. Anon. (Bahamas National Trust). (1983). Reptiles and Amphibians of the Bahamas. Bahamas National Trust. Anon. (1984). The four-toed tortoise of Xinjang. China Pictorial 3. Anon. (1985). Mona Iguana Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife service. 70 ANT AS 18. 19. 20. 7206 22r 23). 24. 25. 26. Qik 29. 30. 31. 32. Anon. (1985). Recovery Plan news. Approved Plans for four Puerto Rican plans. Endangered Species Technical Bulletin 10(3): 7-9. Anon. (1988). 1988 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge. Anon. (1986). Crocodylus johnstoni in the Northern Territory: Biology and History of Management. Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, Technical Report No. 32. Anon. (1986). Crocodylus porosus in the Northern Territory: Biology and History of Management. Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, Technical Report No. 31. Anon. (1986). Management of the Desert Tortoise in California: Proceedings of a Workshop. Herpetologica 42(1) (Ten papers). Armstrong, B.L., and Murphy, J.B. (1979). The Natural History of Mexican Rattlesnakes. University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History, Special Publication No. 5, pp. 1-88. Arnold, E.N. (1973). Relationships of the Palearctic Lizards assigned to the genera Lacerta, Algyroides and Psammodromus (Reptilia: Lacertidae). Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Zool.) 25(8): 291-366. Arnold, E.N. (1980). The Reptiles and Amphibians of Dhofar, Southern Arabia. Journal of Oman Studies, Special Report No. 2: 273-332. Arnold, E.N. (1986). A key and annotated check list to the lizards and amphisbaenians of Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 8:385-435. Auerbach, R.D. (1985). The Reptiles of Gaborone. Botswana Book Centre, Gaborone. Auffenberg, W. (1980). The herpetofauna of Komodo, with notes on adjacent areas. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 25(2): 39-156. : } 7 hs ~ 2 “ome Nhaniro- Cainesy, nVesk. f Auffenberg, W.J. (1982). Feeding strategy of the Caicos Ground Iguana, Cyclura carinata. In, Burghardt, G.M., and Rand, A.S., (eds). Iguanas of the World, Noyes Publications, New Jersey. pp. 84-116. Auffenberg, W., and Franz, R. (1982). The status and distribution of the Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus). In, Bury, R.B. (ed) North American Tortoises: Conservation and Ecology. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Report No. 12. Pp. 95-126. Bacon, P.R. (1981). The Status of Sea Turtles Stocks Management in the Western Central Atlantic. Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission (WECAFC). Bacon, P., Berry, F., Bjorndal, K., Hirth, H., Ogren, L., Weber, M. (Eds) (1984). Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium, Volumes 1-3. The University of Miami Press, FL. Distributed by The Center for Environmental Education. Bain, J.R., and Humphrey, S.R. (1980). A profile of the endangered species of Thailand. Report No. 4, Office of Ecological Services, Florida State Museum, U.S.A. 71 33. 34. SJeye 36. 37. 38. =% 39% 40. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. Bakhuis, W.L. (1983). Exploitation of the Green Iguana in the Netherlands Antilles. Trade Wind 5(5): 66-68. Balazs, G.H. (1982b). Sea Turtles and their traditional useage in Tokelau. Unpublished Project report prepared for WWF-US and Office of Tokelau Affairs. Balazs, G.H. (1982c). Status of sea turtles in the Central Pacific Ocean. In Bjorndal, K. (Ed.). The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D.C. Bannikov, A.G., Darevskii, 1.S., Iszczenko, W.G., Rustamov, A.K., and Shcherbak, N.N. (1977). Opredelitelj zemnovodnye i presmykajuscichsja fauny SSSR. Moscow. Basoglu, M., and Baran, I. (1977). Turkiye Surungenleri. Kisim I. Kaplumbaga ve Kertenkeleler. (The Reptiles of Turkey. Part 1. Turtles and Lizards). Ege Univ. Fen. Fak. Kitapl. Ser., Bornova (Izmir). No. 76. Basoglu, M., and Baran, I. (1980). Turkiye Surungenleri. Kisim II. Yilanlar. (The Reptiles of Turkey. Part 2. Snakes). Ege Univ. Fen. Fak. Kitapl. Ser., Bornova (Izmir), 81: 1-218. Bell, B.D. (1982). The amphibian fauna of New Zealand. In, Newman, D.G. (ed), New Zealand Herpetology. Proceedings of a symposium held at the Victoria University of Wellington, January 1980. New Zealand Wildlife Service Occasional Publication No. 2, pp. 27-89. Bell, B.D. (1985). Conservation status of the endemic New Zealand frogs. Pp. 449-458 in Biology of Australasian Frogs and Reptiles. (Eds) Grigg, G., Shine, R., and Ehmann, H. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales. Berry, P.Y. (1975). The Amphibian Fauna of Peninsular Malaysia. Tropical Press, Kuala Lumpur. Beshkov, V.A. (1984). On the distribution, relative abundance and protection of tortoises in Bulgaria. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Ecology 14: 14-34 (In Bulgarian, English summary). Bhaskar, S. (1984). Progress Report. WWF/IUCN Project 1528, Management and Research of Marine Turtle Nesting sites on the North Vogelkop coast of Irian Jaya. Unpublished. Bhatia, M.L. and Tilak, R. (1976). Some notes on the Spiny-tailed Lizard (Uromastyx hardwickii) Gray. Newsl. Madras Snake Pk. Trust. IGANG ee Biswas, S., and Kar, S. (1981). Some observations on nesting habitats and biology of Varanus salvator (Laurenti) of Bhitarkanika Sanctuary, Orissa. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 78(2): 303- 308. Bjorndal, K.A., and Meylan, A.B. (1983). Sea turtles nesting at Melbourne Beach, Florida, I. Size, growth and reproductive biology. Biol. Conserv. 26: 65-77. 72 47. 48. 49. 50). 51. a2. 53. 54. 35. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. Blake, D.K. (1986). Status, Conservation and Utilization of the Nile Crocodile in Zimbabwe. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN and FUDENA. Blasco, M. 1979. Chamaeleo chamaeleon in the province of Malaga, Spain. Brit. J. Herpetol. 5: 839-841. Blatchford, D. 1979. Exploitation of the Green Iguana. The Herptile 4(4): 37-39. Blomberg, G.E.D., St. Pierre, B.C., Smith, K.D., Caddell, S.M., and Pett, S.R. (1982). Simulated population dynamics of crocodiles in the Okavanga River, Botswana. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN. Bogert, C.M. (1968). A new genus and species of dwarf boa from southern Mexico. Am. Mus. Novit. No. 2354: 1-38. Bohme, W. (1985). Zoogeographic patterns of the lizard fauna of the African subsaharan savanna belt, with preliminary description of a new chameleon. Proc. Intern. Symp. African Vertebr., Bonn, 1985. Pp. 471- 478. Bohme, W., and Klaver, C.J.J. (1980). The systematic status of Chamaeleo kinetensis Schmidt, 1943, (Sauria:Chamaeleonidae) from the Imantong Mountains, Sudan, with comments on lung and hemipenial morphology within the C. bitaeniatus-group. Amphibia-Reptilia 1(1):3- iL7/¢ Bolanos, R. (1982). Serpientes Venenosas de Centro America. Mem. Inst. Butantan 46:275-291. Borner A.-R., and Minuth, W. (1984). On the taxonomy of the Indian Ocean lizards of the Phelsuma madagascariensis species group (Reptilia, Geckonidae) J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 81(2): 243-281. Boulenger, G.A. (1912). A Vertebrate fauna of the Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus of Kra to Singapore. Reptilia and Batrachia. London, Taylor and Francis. Bour, R. (1983). Trois populations endemiques de genre Pelusios (Reptilia, Chelonii, Pelomedusidae) aux iles Seychelles; relations avec les especes africaines et malgaches. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. aris 4(5):343-382. Natur., P Bourret, R. (1942). Les Batraciens de 1'Indochine. Memoires de l'Institut Oceanographique de l'Indochine. No. 6. Hanoi. Boycott, R. (1986). A review of Homopus signatus (Schoepff) with notes on related species. J. Herp Assoc. Afr. 32:10-16. Bozhanskii, A.T., and Kudryavcev, S.V. (1986). Ecological observations of the rare vipers of the Caucasus. In, Rocek, Z., (ed) Studies in Herpetology. Proceedings of the European Herpetological Meeting, Prague 1985, pp. 495-498. 73 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. Uae 72. 13% 74. 75. 76. Vile Bramble, D.M. (1982). Scaptochelys: generic revision and evolution of Gopher Tortoises. Copeia 1982(4): 852-867. Branch, W.R. (1981). Am annotated checklist of the lizards of Cape Province, South Africa. Ann. Cape Prov. Mus. (Nat. Hist.). 13(11):141-167. Branch, W.R. (1983). Review of Welch, K.R.G., Herpetology of Africa. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa, No. 29: 32-36. Branch, W.R. (1983). The Dwarf Angolan Python Python anchietae: an endangered species. Litt. Serp. 3(4):121-125. Branch, W.R. (1984). Preliminary observations on the ecology of the Angulate Tortoise (Chersina angulata) in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Amphibia-Reptilia 5:43-55. Bravo, P.E. (1984). The National Report: Costa Rica. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Brisbin, I.L., Ross, C.A., Downes, M.C., Staton, M.A., and Gammon, B.R. (1986). A bibliography of the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Savanna River National Environmental Research Park. SRO-NERP 13. Broadley, D.G. (1971). The Reptiles and Amphibians of Zambia. The Puku 6: 1-143. Broadley, D.G. (1981). A review of the genus Pelusios Wagler in southern Africa (Pleurodira: Pelomedusidae). Occ. Pap. Natl. Mus. Rhodesia, B. Natur. Sci. 6:633-686. Broadley, D.G. (1981). A review of the populations of Kinixys (Testudinidae) occurring in south-eastern Africa. Ann. Cape Prov. Mus. (Natur. Hist.) 13:195-216. Broadley, D.G. (1984). A review of geographical variation in the African Python Python sebae (Gmelin). British Journal of Herpetology 6(10) :359-367. Broadley, D.G. (1986). In litt. Brongersma, L.D. (1958). Note on Vipera russelii (Shaw). Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 35(4): 55-76. Brongersma, L.D. (1982). Marine Turtles of the Eastern Atlanties in, Bjorndal, K. (Ed.), The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D.C. Brooke, M. de L. and Garnett, M.C. (1983). Survival and Reproductive Performance of Hawksbill Turtles Eretmochelys imbricata L. on Cousin Island, Seychelles. Biological Conservation 25: 161-170. Bruno, S. (1983). Lista Rossa degli Anfibi Italiani. Riv. Piem. St. Nat. 4: 5-48. Bruno, S. (1985). Le Vipere d'Italia e d'Europa. Edagricole, Bologna. 74 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. Bruno, S. (with Maugeri, S.) (1984). Guida ai Serpenti d'Italia. Giunti Martello, Firenze. Brushko, Z.K., and Kubykin, R.A. (1982). Horsfield's tortoise (Agrionemys horsfieldi Gray, 1844) and the ways of its rational utilization in Kazakhstan. Vertebrata Hungarica 21: 55-61. Brygoo, E.R. (1969). Chamaeleo guentheri Boulenger, 1888, synonyme de C. pardalis Cuvier, 1829. Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. Paris. Ser. 2, 41(1): 119-121. Brygoo, E.R. (1982). Les Ophidiens de Madagascar. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 46: 19-58. Brygoo, E.R., Blanc, C.P. & Domergue, C.A. (1972). Notes sur les Chamaleo de Madagascar. 10. Deux nouveaux cameleons des hauts sommets de Madagascar. c. capuroni n.sp. et C. gastrotaenia andringitraensis n. subsp. Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. Paris. Ser. 2, 42: 601-613. Brygoo, E.R., Bourgat, R. & Domergue C.A. (1972). Notes sur les Chamaeleo de Madagascar, C. tuzetae n.sp., nouvelle espece du sud- ouest (Reptilia, Squamata, Chamaeleonidae). Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. Nateehanrdisi.) (Sen.3;,) 21':2133-1407 Brygoo, E.R., Bourgat, R. & Domergue C.A. (1974). Notes sur les Chamaeleo de Madagascar XII Cameleons due Marojezy. c. peyrieresi n.sp. et C. gastrotaenia guillaumeti n.subsp. (Reptilia, Squamata, Chamaeleonidae). Bull. Acad. malgache. 51(1): 151-166. Brygoo, E.R., Domergue C.A. (1968). Description d'un Cameleon nouveau de Madagascar Chamaeleo tsaratananensis n.sp. Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. mat. Paris. Ser. 2, 39(5): 829-832. Brygoo, E.R., Domergue C.A. (1969). Chamaeleo balteatus Dum. et Bib. (dans C. et A. Dumeril, 1851) n'est pas synonyme de C. bifidus Brongniart, 1800. Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. Paris. Ser. 2, 41(1): 104-116. Brygoo, E.R., Domergue C.A. (1970). Notes sur les Chameleo de Madagascar. C. belalandaensis n.sp., Cameleon du Sud-Ouest. Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. Paris. Ser. 2, 42(2): 305-310. Bullock, D.J. (1986). The ecology and conservation of reptiles on Round Island and Gunner's Quoin, Mauritius. Biological Conservation, 37/3) 135-156). Burbridge, A.A. (1979). The status of the Salt-water Crocodile in the Glenelg, Prince Regent and Ord River Systems, Kimberley, Western Australia. Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife, Western Australia, Report No. 34. Burbridge, A.A. (1987). Crocodile Management in Western Australia. Western Australian Wildlife Research Centre. 9 pp. Burnett-Herkes, J. (1984). The National Report: Bermuda. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Caillouet, C.X. (1984). An attempt to prevent extinction of the Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle. NMFS-SEFC. 75 93% 94. 95% 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. Campden-Main, S.M. (1970). A Field Guide to the snakes of South Vietnam. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. Carey, M. (1975). The Rock Iguana, Cyclura pinguis, on Anegada, British Virgin Islands, with notes on Cyclura ricordi and Cyclura cornuta on Hispaniola. Bull. Fla. St. Mus. (biol. Sci.) 19(4): 189- 234. Carr, A., Meylan, A., Mortimer, J., Bjorndal, K., and Carr, T. (1982). Preliminary survey of marine turtle populations and habitats in the western Atlantic. Interim Report to National Marine Fisheries Service. Contract NA80-FA-C-00071. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS- SEFC. Carr, T., and Carr, N. (19847). Survey of the sea turtles of Angola. Unpublished report to the New York Zoological Society. Case, T.J. (1982). Ecology and evolution of the insular gigantic Chuckwallas, Sauromalus hispidus and Sauromalus varius. In, Burghardt, G.M., and Rand, A.S., (eds). Iguanas of the World, Noyes Publications, New Jersey. pp. 184-212. Cei, J.M. (1986). Reptiles del centro, centro-oeste y sur de la Argentina. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Torino, Mongrafie IV. Cheke, A.S. (1982). Phelsuma GRAY 1825 in the Seychelles and neighbouring islands: a re-appraisal of their taxonomy and description of two new forms. Senckenbergiana Biologica 62(4/6):181-198. Cheke, A.S. (1984). Lizards of the Seychelles. In, Stoddart, D.R. (ed). Biogeography and Ecology of the Seychelles Islands. Dr.W.Junk, The Hague. Chen Bihui (1987). An analysis of the changes in geographical distribution of the Chinese Alligator. Paper presented at International Conference on Wildlife Conservation in China 1987, 14-19 July, Beijing. Cheong, M.C. (1984). The National Report: Trinidad-Tobago. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Cheylan, M. (1984). The true status and future of Herman's Tortoise Testudo hermanni robertmertensi Wermuth 1952 in Western Europe. Amphibia-Reptilia 5:17-26. Chippaux, J.-P. (1986). Les Serpents de la Guyane francaise. Editions de 1'ORSTOM. Collection Faune Tropicale XXVII. Paris. Christian, K.A., and Tracy, C.R. (1982). Reproductive behaviour of Galapagos Land Iguanas, Conolophus pallidus, on Isla Santa Fe, Galapagos. In, Burghardt, G.M., and Rand, A.S., (eds). Iguanas of the World, Noyes Publications, New Jersey. pp. 366-379. Chu-chien, Huang (1982). Distribution and population dynamics of the Sea Turtles in China seas. In, Bjorndal, K. (Ed.). The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D.C. 76 107. 108. 109. 110. 111i. 2. ialeye 114. an teyc 116. alae 118. tate)e 120. 121. 122. Cirer, A.M., and Guillaume, C.P. (1986). Electrophoretic analysis of the Pityusic Islands Lizard. In, Rocek, Z., (ed) Studies in Herpetology. Proceedings of the European Herpetological Meeting, Prague 1985, pp. 201-206. Cliffton, K. (1982). Preservation of the East Pacific Green Turtle Chelonia mydas agassizi. Final Report on Project 1812 (Submitted to WWF-US, 18 March) (Unpublished). Cliffton, K., Cornejo, D.0., and Felger, R.S. (1981). Sea turtles of the Pacific Coast of Mexico. In, Bjorndal, K. (Ed.). The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D.C. Clunie, F. (1983). Fijian land snakes. Domodomo 1:11-21. Cogger, H.G., Cameron, E.E., and Cogger, H.M. (1983). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 1, Amphibia and Reptilia. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. Cogger, H.G., and Sadlier, R.A. (1986). Population size and structure in the Fijian Crested Iguana. In, Rocek, Z., (ed) Studies in Herpetology. Proceedings of the European Herpetological Meeting, Prague 1985, pp. 507-512. Colton, E.O. (1977). Turtles of the Maldives. Defenders (of Wildlife) 52(3): 167-170. Conley, W.J., and Hoffman, B.A. (1986). Florida Sea Turtle nesting activity: 1979-1985. Fla. Dept. of Natural Resources, St. Petersburg. Corke, D. (1987). Reptile conservation on the Maria Islands (St Lucia, West Indies). Biological Conservation 40: 263-279. Cornelius, S.E. (1981). The status of sea turtles on the Pacific Coast of Central America. In, Bjorndal, K. (Ed.). The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington, D.C. Cornelius, S.E. (1986). The Sea Turtles of Santa Rosa National Park. Fundacion de Parques Nacionales, Costa Rica. 63 pp. Cornelius, S.E., and Robinson, D.C. (1985). Abundance, distribution and movements of Olive Ridley sea turtles in Costa Rica, V. Final Report, USFW Contract No. 14-16-0002-81-225, WWF-US Contract No. 3085. Cortes, J.E. (1981). The herpetofauna of Gibraltar - status and threats. I1.S.C.E.H. Newsletter, No. 1. Cox, J. (1984). Crocodile nesting ecology in Papua New Guinea (Assistance to the Crocodile Skin Industry, Papua New Guinea. FO: DP/PNG/74/029. Field Document No. 5. FAO, Port Moresby. Cox, J. and Gombek, F. (1985). A preliminary survey of the crocodile resource in Sarawak East Malaysia. IUCN/WWF Project No. MAL 74/85. WWF Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. Curl, D., Scoones, I., Guy, M., and Rakotoarisoa, G. (1984). The Angulated Tortoise of Madagascar. Report of Oxford University Expedition to Madagascar, 1983. 77 123. 124. 125. 126. IST hc 128. 129. v3 OF ale alc 132. 133). 134. 1355 136. 317. Daniel, J.C. (1983). The book of Indian Reptiles. Bombay Natural History Society. Das, I. (1985). Indian Turtles: A Field Guide. World Wildlife Fund- India (Eastern Region). Dawbin, W.H. (1982). The Tuatara Sphenodon punctatus (Reptilia: Rhynchocephalia): a review. In, Newman, D.G. (ed), New Zealand Herpetology. Proceedings of a symposium held at the Victoria University of Wellington, January 1980. New Zealand Wildlife Service Occasional Publication No. 2, pp. 149-181. De Celis, N.C. (1982). Status of marine turtles in the Philippines. In, Bjorndal, K. (Ed.). The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D.C. De Silva, G.S. (1982). The status of sea turtle populations in East Malaysia and the South China Sea. In, Bjorndal, K. (Ed.). The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D.C. De Silva, G.S. (1986). Protected areas and turtle eggs in Sabah, East Malaysia. Pp. 154-159, In, McNeely, J.A. and Miller, K.R., (Eds) National Parks, Conservation, and Development. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. De Silva, P.H.D.H. (1980). Snake fauna of Sri Lanka. National Museums of Sri Lanka, Colombo. Degenhardt, W.G. (1973). The Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake: an endangered species. In: Symposium on rare and endangered wildlife of the southwestern United States: 104-113. New Mexico Dept. of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, New Mexico. Demetropoulos, A. (1983). WWF/IUCN Project 1815. Cyprus-turtle conservation. Report for 1982. Deraniyagala, P.E.P. (1939). The Tetrapod Reptiles of Ceylon. Vol. 1. Testudines and Crocodilians. Colombo Museum, Ceylon and Dulau and Co., London. Deuve, J. (1970). Serpents du Laos. Memoires ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer), Paris. Devaux, B., Pouvreau, J.-P., Stubbs, D. (1986). Programme de Sauvegarde des tortues d'Hermann dans le Massif des Maures (France). SOPTOM, Les Mayors, France. Diaz, E. (1984). The National Report: Panama. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Dixon, J.R., and Soini, P. (1986). The Reptiles of the Upper Amazon Baisin, Iquitos Basin, Peru. Part 1; Lizards and Amphibisbaenians. Part 2; Crocodilians, Turtles and Snakes. Milwaukee Public Museum. Dodd, C.K. (1978). Island Lizard in Danger. National Parks and Conservation Magazine, August 1978, pp. 10-11. 78 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. YS. 152. Dolce, S., and Pichl, E. (1982). Le attuali conoscenze sulla diffusione di Proteus anuinus Laur., 1768 in territorio Italiano. Atti Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Trieste. 32(3): 245-254. Donadio, O.E. and Gallardo, J.M. (1982). Biologia y conservacion de las especies de genero Tupinambis (Squamata, Sauria, Teiidae) en la Republica Argentina. Revta. Mus. argent. Cienc. nat. Bernardino Rivadavia (Zool.) 13(11): 117-127). Dowling, H.G. & Gibson, F.W. (1970). Relationship of the Neotropical Snakes Hydrodynastes bicinctus and Cyclagras gigas. Herpetol. Rev. ZC2 aS sole Dubois, A. (1986). Miscellanea taxinomica batrachologica (I). Alytes 5(1/2):7-95. Dunger, G.T. (1967). The Lizards and Snakes of Nigeria (Part 3: the Monitors and a Plated Lizard). Nigerian Field 32: 170:178. Dupuy, A.R. (1986). The status of marine turtles in Senegal. Marine Turtle Newsletter 39:4-7 (unofficial translation from French). Durand, J., Paoletti, M., Pichl, I., and Pichl, E. (1981). Rapporto sulla presenza del Proteus anguinus (Amphibia, Caudata) e della fauna associata, nelle acque sotterranee di Sagrado (Prov. di Gorizia, Italia). Considerazioni sulla protezione di questi animali relitti, attualmente in via de estinsione. Mem. Biospeol. 8: 63-67. Edwards, S. (1984). The National Report: Dominica. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Ehrhart, L.M. (1983). An assessment of the status of the immature green turtle (Chelonia mydas) and loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) populations of the central part of the indian river lagoon system, Brevard County, Florida. Report to WWF-US. Emsley, M. (1977). Snakes and Trinidad and Tobago. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 13(4): 201-304. Espinal, M. (1984). The National Report: Honduras. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Etheridge, R.E. (1982). Checklist of the Iguanine and Malagasy Iguanid Lizards. In, Burghardt, G.M., and Rand, A.S., (eds). Iguanas of the World, Noyes Publications, New Jersey. pp. 7-37. FAO (1967). Report to the Governments of the People's Republic of Southern Yemen, and the Seychelles Islands on the Green Turtle resource of South Arabia, and the status of the green turtle in the Seychelles Islands. Based on the work of Dr H Hirth, FAO/TA Marine Turtle Biologist. Rep. FAO/UNDP(TA), No. 2467. 59 pp. FAO (1973). Report to the Government of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen on Marine Turtle Management, based on the work of the H.F. Hirth and S.L. Hollingworth, Marine Turtle Biologists. Rep. FAO/UNDP(TA), No. 3178, 51 pp. Faizuddin, M. (1985). Distribution, abundance and conservation of Gharials in Bangladesh. Tigerpaper 12(3): 22-23. 79 153. 154. alpyaye 156. 157. 158. 159% 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. Fernando, A.B. (1983). Nesting site and hatching of the Hawksbill turtle along Tirunelveli coast of Tamil Nadu. Marine Fisheries Information Service, Technical and Extension Series, No.50: 33-34. Finley, J. (1984). The National Report: Grenada. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Firdous, F. (1985). Marine turtle management along Karachi coast. WWF-Pakistan 4(1): 5-9. Fitch, H.S., Henderson, R.W., and Hills, D.M. (1982). Exploitation of iguanas in central Americas. In, Burghardt, G.M., and Rand, A.S., (eds). Iguanas of the World, Noyes Publications, New Jersey. pp. 397- 417. Fleming, R.L. Jr. and Fleming, R.L. Sr. (1973). Some Snakes from Nepal. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 70(3): 426-437. Fletemeyer, J.R. (1984). The National Report: British Virgin Islands. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Fletemeyer, J.R. (1984). The National Report: Turks-Caicos. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Fontaine, C.T., et al. (1985). The husbandry of hatchling to yearling Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtles (Lepidochelys kempi). NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFC-158. Franz. R., Reid, S., and Puckett, C. (1985). Discovery of a population of Orinoco Crocodile Crocodylus intermedius in southern Venezuela. Biol. Conserv. 32: 137-147. Frazier, J. (1982a). The status of Marine Turtles in the Western Indian Ocean. In, Bjorndal, K. (Ed.), The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D.C. Frazier, J. (1985). Marine Turtles in the Comoro Archipelago. North- Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, Oxford, New York. payatatat ap al¢/7/ jo) ae Frazier, J. and Frazier, S.S. (1985). Preliminary Report: Chinese - American Sea Turtle Survey, June-August 1985. Fujian Teachers University Fuzhou, Fujian and National Program for Advanced Study and Research in China, CSCPRC, National Academy of Sciences, Washington D.C. Frazier, J. and Salas, S. (1984). The Status of Marine Turtles in the Egyptian Red Sea. Biological Conservation 30: 41-67. Freiburg, M. (1982). Snakes of South America. T.F.H. Publications Inc., Ltd., Hong Kong. Fretey, J. (1984). The National Report: French Guiana. In, Bacon et_al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. 80 168. 169. 170. AL7/dbe a2 17/3) 174. 75) 176. 177. 178. ibe 180. 181. 182. 183. Fretey, J. (1984). The National Report: Guadeloupe. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Fretey, J. (1984). The National Report: Martinique. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Fritz, J.P., and Schutte, F. (1987). Zur Biologie jemenitischer Chamaeleo calyptratus Dumeril and Dumeril, 1851 mit einigen Anmerkungen zum systematischen Status (Sauria, Chamaeleonidae). Salamandra 23(1): 17 25. Frost, D.R., (Ed). (1985). Amphibian Species of the World. Allen Press, Inc., and The Association of Systematics Collections, Lawrence, Kansas. Fuhn, I.E., and Vancea, S. (1961). Fauna Republicci Populare Romine (Reptlilia). Editura Academiei Republicci Populare, Romine, Bucharest. Gade, D.W. (1985). Man and Nature on Rodrigues: Tragedy of an Island Common, Environmental Conservation 12(3): 207-? Gallagher, M.D. (1971). The Amphibians and Reptiles of Bahrain. (Privately published). Gans, C. & Williams, E. (1954). Present knowledge of the snake Elachistodon westermanni Reinhardt, Breviora No. 36. Gardner, A.S. (1985). An identification key to the Geckoes of the Seychelles, with brief notes on their distributions and habits. Herpetological Journal 1(1):17-19. Gardner, A.S. (1986). In litt. 23 January. Garrido, O.H., and Jaume, M.L. (1984). Catalogo descriptivo de los anfibios y reptiles de Cuba. Donana, Acta Vertebrata 11(2): 5-128. Geldiay, R. (1984). Investigation in connection with populations of sea turtles (Caretta c. caretta L. and Chelonia m. mydas L.) living in the Aegean and Mediterranean coast of Turkey and their protection. Doga Bilim Dergisi. Seri. A2, 8 (19): 66-75 (in Turkish, English abstract). Geldiay, R., Koray, J., and Balik, S. (1982). On the status of sea turtle populations (Caretta c. caretta and Chelonia m. mydas) in the Northern Mediterranean sea. Paper presented at the World Conference on Sea Turtle conservation, Nov. 26-30, 1979, Washington D.C. Gepp, J. (ed.) (1984). Rote Listen Gefahrdeter Tiere Osterreichs. Bundesministeriums fur Gesundheit and Umweltschutz, Vienna. Gibbons, J.R.H. (1981). The biogeography of Brachylophus Iguanidae) including the description of a new species, B. vitiensis from Fiji. J. Herpetol. 15(3): 255-273. Gibbons, J.R.H., and Watkins, I.F. (1982). Behaviour, ecology, and conservation of South Pacific iguanas, Brachylophus, including a newly discovered species. In, Burghardt, G.M., and Rand, A.S., (eds). Iguanas of the World, Noyes Publications, New Jersey. pp. 418-441. 81 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 91. 192. O37 194. 195. 196. AK)7/6 198. Glastra, R. (1983). Notes on a population of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus depleted by hide hunting in Surinam. Biol. Conserv. 26: 149-162. Godshalk, R.E. (1982). Status and Conservation of Crocodylus intermedius in Venezuela. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN. Godshalk, R.E. (1982). The habitat and distribution of Paleosuchus in Venezuela. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN. Golay, P. (1985). Checklist and keys to the terrestrial proteroglyphs of the world. Elapoidea, Geneva. Gonzalez, J.G. (1984). The National Report: Puerto Rica. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Gorzula, S. y A. Paolillo, 0. (1986). La Ecologia y Estado Actual de los Aligatoridos de la Guyana Venezolana. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN and FUDENA. Gow, G.F. (1977). A new species of Python from Arnhem Land. The Australian Zoologist. 19:133-139. Gow, G.F. (1981). A new species of Python from Central Australia. Aust. J. Herp. 1(1): 29-34. Grandison, A.G.C. (1978). Snakes of West Malaysia and Singapore. Ann. Naturhistor. Mus. Wien, 81:283-303. Grandison, A.G.C. (1978). The occurrence of Nectophrynoides (Anura, Bufonidae) in Ethiopia. A new concept of the genus with a description of a new species. Monitore zool. Ital. (N.S.) Suppl. XI, 119-171. Green, D. (1983). Galapagos sea turtles. Notic. Galap. 38. Green, D. (1984). Long-distance movement of Galapagos Green Turtles. Journal of Herpetology 18 (2): 121-130. Green, D. (1984). Population ecology of the East Pacific green turtle (Chelonia mydas agassizii) in the Galapagos Islands. National Geographic Society Research Reports 16, 1975 projects. Green, D., and Ortiz Crespo, F. (1981). The status of Sea Turtle populations in the central eastern Pacific. In, Bjorndal, K. (Ed.), The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D.C. Greene, H.W. (1983). Boa constrictor. Article in, Janzen, D.H. (ed), Costa Rican Natural History. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 82 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 21 212. 213. 214. Greene, H.W., and Seib, R.L. (1983). Micrurus nigrocinctus. Article in, Janzen, D.H. (ed), Costa Rican Natural History. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Greer, A.E. (1976). On the evolution of the giant Cape Verde scincid lizard Macroscincus coctei. J. nat. Hist. 10:691-712. Greig, J.C. (1984). Conservation status of South African Land Tortoises, with special reference to the Geometric Tortoise (Psammobates geometricus). Amphibia-Reptilia 5:27-30. Groombridge, B. (1982). The IUCN Amphibia-Reptilia Red Data Book. Part 1. Testudines, Crocodylia, Rhynchocephalia. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Groombridge, B. (1983). Rediscovery of rare Indian turtle. Oryx, 17(3): 130-134. Groombridge, B. (1987). The distribution and status of world crocodilians. In, Webb, G., Manolis, S., and Whitehead, P. (eds). Wildlife Management: Crocodiles and Alligators. Surrey Beatty and Sons Pty. Ltd., Chipping Norton, Australia, in association with The Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory. Groombridge, B., and Luxmoore, R. (1987). The Green Turtle and Hawksbill (Reptilia: Cheloniidae): World Status, Exploitation and Trade. Draft report to the CITES Secretariat. IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge. Gudynas, E. (1981). Some notes from Uruguay on the behaviour, ecology, and conservation of the macroteiid lizard, Tupinambis teguixin. Bull. Chi. Herp. Soc. 16(2): 29-39. Guibe, J. (1958). Les Serpents de Madagascar. M moires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, S r. A, 12: 189-260. Guib , J. (1978). Les Batraciens de Madagascar. Bonner Zoologische Monographien 11, pp. 1-144, pl. 1-82. Haile, N.S. (1958). The Snakes of Borneo, with a key to the species. Sarawak Museum Journal 8: 743-773. Hakansson, N.T. (1981). An annotated checklist of reptiles known to occur in The Gambia, Journal of Herpetology 15(20): 155-161. Harris, D.M. (1982). The phenology, growth, and survival of the Green Iguana, Iguana iguana, in Northern Colombia. In, Burghardt, G.M., and Rand, A.S., (eds). Iguanas of the World, Noyes Publications, New Jersey. pp. 150-161. Harris, H.S. & Simmons, R.S. (1975). An endangered species, the New Mexican Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake. Bull. Md. Herp. Soc. 11(1): 1-7. Hays de Brown, C. and Brown, W.B. (1982). The status of sea turtles in Peru. In, Bjorndal, K. (Ed.). The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D.C. Henderson, R.W., and Schwartz, A. (1984). A guide to the identification of the amphibians and reptiles of Hispaniola. Milwaukee Public Museum, Special Publications in Biology and Geology, No. 4., 7Opp. 83 215. 216. 241 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. 228. Herring, T.L. (1986). A guide to sea turtle conservation (in Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia). Unpublished report. Herrington, R.E., and Larsen, J.H. (1985). Current status, habitat requirements and management of the Larch Mountain Salamander Plethodon larselli Burns. Biol. Consv. 34:169-179. Hersey, F. (1980). Broad-headed snake. In, Endangered Animals of New South Wales. Parks and Wildlife Dept. Hildebrand, H.H. (1981). A historical review of the status of Sea Turtle populations in the western Gulf of Mexico. In, Bjorndal, K. (Ed.). The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D.C. Hildebrand, P. von (1985). Biology and conservation of Podocnemis expansa in the Rio Caqueta of eastern Colombia. Final Report, Fundacion Estacion de Biologia Puerto Rastrojo. Hine, M.L. (1982). Notes on the Marginated Tortoise (Testudo marginata in Greece and in captivity. Bull. Br. Herp. Soc. 5: 35-38. Hines, T., C. Abercrombie, F. Percival, and C. Woodward (1986). Florida Alligator: Economics, Harvest, and Conservation. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN and FUDENA. Hoge, A.R., Belluomini, H.E., Schreiber, G., and Penha, A.M. (1959). Sexual abnormalities in Bothrops insularis (Amaral) 1921 (Serpentes). Mem. Inst. Butantan 29: 17-88. Hollands, M. (1985). A review of Crocodile Management in Papua New Guinea - aims, methods and effectiveness. Department of Primary SS eee ee eee Industry, PNG. Hollands, M. (1986). A Preliminary Examination of Crocodile Population Trends in Papua New Guinea from 1981-1984. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN and FUDENA. Also published by Dept. of Primary Industry, PNG, with supplements presenting Oct. 1984 and March 1985 survey data). Honegger, R.E. (1978). Threatened Amphibians and Reptiles in Europe. European Committee for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Council of Europe, Strasbourg. Nature and Environment Series No. 15. Hoogmoed, M.S. (1973). Notes on the Herpetofauna of Surinam IV. The lizards and amphisbaenians of Surinam. Dr.W.Junk, The Hague. Hoogmoed, M.S. (1982). Snakes of the Guianan Region Mem. Inst. Butantan 46: 219-254. Hoogmoed, M.S., and Cromby, C.R. (1984). Land tortoise types in the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie with comments on nomenclature and systematics (Reptilia: Testudines: Testudinidae). Zool. Med. Leiden, 58: 241-259. 84 229% 230. 231. 232. 233). 234. 235. 236. 237. 238. 239. 240. 241. Hoogmoed, M.S., and Lescure, J. (1975). Am annotated checklist of the lizards of French Guiana, mainly based on two recent collections. Zool. Meded. (Leiden) 49(13): 141-171. Huang Zhujian (1982). The Chinese Salamander. Oryx 16(3): 272-273. Huang, Chu-chien (1982). The ecology of the Chinese alligator and changes in its geographical distribution. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN. Hughes, G.R. (1982). The conservation situation of Sea Turtle populations in the southern African region. In, Bjorndal, K. (Ed.). The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D.C. Hunte, W. (1984). The National Report: Barbados. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Husain, K.Z., and Rahman, M.M. (1978). Amphibian fauna of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Zool., 6(2): 157-158. Hutchinson, M.N., and Maxon, L.R. (1987). Biochemical studues on the relationship of the Gastric-brooding Frogs, genus Rheobatrachus. Amphibia-Reptilia 8(1):1-11. IUCN (1979). Red Data Book 3, Amphibians and Reptiles, 3rd Ed. Compiled by R.E. Honegger, Morges, Switzerland. IUCN (1987). Saudi Arabia: analysis of coastal and marine habitats of the Red Sea. Report to the Meteorology and Environmental Protection Administration, Jeddah. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. IUCN (1987). Saudi Arabia: an assessment of biotopes and management requirements for the Saudi Arabian Gulf coastal zone. Report to the Meteorology and Environmental Protection Administration, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Inger, R.F. and Dutta, S.K. (1986). An overview of the amphibian fauna of India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, Vol. 83 (1886-1986 Centenary Supplement): 135-146. Iverson, J.B. (1978). The impact of feral cats and dogs on populations of the West Indian Rock Iguana, Cyclura carinata. Biol. Conserv. 14(1): 63-73. Iverson, J.B. (1986). A Checklist with Distribution Maps of the Turtles of the World. Published by the author, Richmond, Indiana. 242.Jeffers, J. and Meylan, A. (1984). The National Report: Montserrat. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. 243.Jenkins, R.W.G. (1982). Management problems and options for Australian crocodiles. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN. 85 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 25 3%e 254. 255. 256. Joanen, T. and L. McNease, G. Perry, and D. Richard (1986). Classification and Population Status of the American Alligator. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN and FUDENA. Joanen, T., L. McNease, G. Perry, and D. Richard (1986). Louisiana's Alligator Management Program. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN and FUDENA. Joger, U. (1984). The Venomous Snakes of the Near and Middle East. Beihefte zum Tubinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe A (Naturwissenschaften), No. 12. Reichart, Wiesbaden. Joger, U. (1986). Phylogenetic analysis of Uromastyx lizards, based on albumin immunological distances. In, Rocek, Z., (ed) Studies in Herpetology. Proceedings of the European Herpetological Meeting, Prague 1985, pp. 187-191. Johannes, R.E. (1986). A Review of Information on the Subsistence Use of Green and Hawksbill Sea Turtles on Islands under United States Jurisdiction in the Western Pacific Ocean. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Region/National Ocenaic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S.A. Johns, A.D. (1987). Continuing problems for Amazon river turtles. Oryx 21(1):25-28. Joseph, D. (1984). The National Report: Antigua and Barbuda. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Kabraji, A.M., Firdous, F. (1984). Conservation of turtles, Hawkesbay and Sandspit, Pakistan. WWF Project. WWF-International and Sind Wildlife Management Board. Kar, C.S., and Bhaskar, S. (1982). The status of the Sea Turtles in the East Indian Ocean. In Bjorndal, K. (Ed.), The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D.C.) (Papers presented at The World Conference on Sea Turtle Conservation, Nov. 26-30, 1979, Washington D.C.). Kavanaght, R. (1984). The National Report: Haiti. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Kerr, R. (1984). The National Report: Jamaica. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Khan, M.A.R. (1982). On the endangered snakes of Bangladesh. In, Proceedings of the IUCN/SSC Snake Group First Meeting, 8-12 November, 1982. Madras Crocodile Bank. Khan, M.A.Reza. (1982). Wildlife of Bangladesh. University of Dhaka, Dhaka. 86 257. 258% 259. 260. 261. 262. 263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 271. Khan, M.A.Reza. (1982). Present status and distribution of the crocodiles and gharial of Bangladesh. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN. Khan, M.A.Reza. (1986). Wildlife in Bangladesh Mangrove ecosystem. Jour. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 83(1): 32-48. Khan, Md. K.b.M. (1969). A preliminary study of the Water Monitor, Varanus salvator. Malayan Nature Journal 22(2): 64-68. King F.W. (1982). Historical review of the decline of the Green Turtle and the Hawksbill. In, Bjorndal, K. (Ed.). The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington DaGe King, F.W., Campbell, H.W. and Moler, P.E. (1982). Review of the status of the American crocodile. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Ynion for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN. Kirtisinghe, P. (1957). The Amphibia of Ceylon. Published by the author, Colombo, Ceylon. Klaver, C., and Bohme, W. (1986). Phylogeny and classification of the Chamaeleonidae (Sauria) with special reference to the hemipenis morphology. Bonner Zool. Monogr. No.22. Klaver, C.J.J. (1981). Chamaeleo chamaeleon (Linneus 1758) account in Bohme, W. (ed) Handbook der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas Vol. 1 Akad. Verlag, Wiesbaden. Pp. 218-238. Klemmer, K. (1963). Liste der rezenten Giftschlangen. Elapidae, Hydrophiidae, Viperidae und Crotalidae, pp. 255-464 in Die giftschlangen der Erde, Marburg: Behring-Mitt. Spec. Suppl. Klemmer, K. (1982). Besuch bei den Inselottern von Queimada Grande. Natur und Museum (Frankfurt): 112(9): 302-305. Ko Ko Gyi (1970). A revision of the colubrid snakes of the subfamily Homalopsinae. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History 20(2):47-223. Kock, D., and Schroder, H. (1981). Die Gattung Python in Bangladesh. Salamandra 17(3/4):112-118. Kramer, E. (1961). Variation, Sexualdimorphismus, Wachstum und Taxionomic von Vipera ursinii (Bonaparte, 1835) und Vipera kaznakovi Nikolskij, 1909. Rev. suisse Zool. 68: 627-725. Kuchling, G. (1986). Biology of Kinixys belliana at Nosy Faly, Madagascar. In, Rocek, Z., (ed) Studies in Herpetology. Proceedings of the European Herpetological Meeting, Prague 1985, pp. 435-440. Kuntz, R.E. (1963). Snakes of Taiwan. United States Naval Medical Research Unit No.2, Taipei. Reprinted from the Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum. 57 (1&2). 87 22 273. 274. UD e 276. 277. 278. 279. 280. 281. 282. 283%. 284. Kushlan, J.A. (1982). The status of crocodilians in South Florida. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN. Kushlan, J.A., and F.J. Mazzotti (1986). Population Biology and Status of the American Crocodile in South Florida. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN and FUDENA. Lamar, W.W., and Medem, F. (1982). Notes on the chelid turtle Phrynops rufipes in Colombia. Salamandra 18(3/4):303-321. Lambert, M.R.K. (1983). Some factors influencing the Moroccan distribution of the western spur-thighed tortoise, Testudo graeca graeca L., and those precluding its survival in N.W. Europe. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 79: 149-179. Lambert, M.R.K. (1984). Threats to Mediterranean (West Palaearctic) tortoises and their effects on wild populations: an overview. Amphibia-Reptilia 5:5-15. Le Gall, J.-Y., Bose, P., Chateau, D. and Taquet, M. (1986). Estimation du nombre de tortues vertes femelles adultes Chelonia mydas par saison de ponte a Tromelin et Europa (Ocean Indien) (1973-1985). IFREMER Annl. Rep. Le Gall, J.-Y., Lebeau, A. and Kopp, J. (1985). Evaluation de la production de tortues vertes Chelonia mydas nouveau-nees sur les sites de ponte Europa et Tromelin (Ocean Indien). Oceanograph. Trop. PAN(G abl7/calsisic Lebeau, A. (1985). Breeding Evaluations Trials in the Green Turtle Chelonia mydas (Linne) on Scilly Atoll during the breeding seasons 1982-1983 and 1983-1984. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti, 1985. Vol. 5. Lekagul, B. (1969). Monitors (Varanus) of Thailand. Conservation News, S.E. Asia, No.8: 31-32. Leong, T.S., and Siow, K.T. (1984). Sea turtles in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia and their economic importance. Pp. 192-207, In, Chua, T.E. and Charles, J.K. (1984) Coastal Resources of East Coast Peninsular Malaysia. Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang (reprint of a 1980/81 publication). Leviton, A.E. (1963). Remarks on the zoogeography of Philippine terrestrial snakes. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. Fourth Series 31 (15): 369-416. Leviton, A.E. (1965). Contributions to a review of Philippine snakes, VII. The snakes of the genera Naja and Ophiophagus. Philippine Journal of Science. 93(4): 531-550. Leviton, A.E. (1968). Snakes of East Asia, India, Malaya, and Indonesia. In, Bucherl, W. et al. (eds), Venomous Animals and their Venoms, Vol. 1, Venomous Vertebrates. Academic Press, London and NY. 88 285. 286. 287 288. 289. 290. 291. 292. 293. 294. 295. 296. 297. Leviton, A.E., and Anderson, S.C. (1970). The Amphibians and Reptiles of Afghanistan, a checklist and key to the herpetofauna. Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, Fourth Ser. 38 (10): 163-206. Limpus, C.J. (1982). The status of Australian Sea Turtle populations. In, Bjorndal, K. (Ed.). The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D.C. .Limpus, C.J. and Parmenter, C.J. (1986). The sea turtle resources of the Torres Strait region. Proceedings of Torres Strait Fisheries Seminar, Port Moresby, 1-14 February, 1985. Pp. 96-107. Limpus, C.J. and Reed, P.C. (1985a). The Green Turtle, Chelonia mydas, in Queensland: A preliminary description of the population structure in a coral reef feeding ground. In: Grigg, G., Shine, R. and Ehmann, H. (Eds), Biology of Australasian Frogs and Reptiles. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales. Pp. 47-52. Limpus, C.J., Fleay, A., and Baker, V. (1984). The Flatback Turtle, Chelonia depressa, in Queensland: reproductive periodicity, philopatry and recruitment. Aust. Wildl. Res. 11: 579-587. Limpus, C.J., Fleay, A., and Guinea, M. (1984). Sea Turtles of the Capricornia Section, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. In: Ward, W.T. and Saenger, P (Eds), The Capricornia Section of the Great Barrier Reef Past, Present and Future. The Royal Society of Queensland and Australian Coral Reef Society, Queensland, Australia. Limpus, C.J., McLachlan, N.C., and Miller, J.D. (1984). Further observations on breeding of Dermochelys coriacea in Australia. Aust. Wildl. Res. 11: 567-571. Limpus, C.J., Miller, J.D., Baker, V. and McLachlan, E. (1983). The Hawksbill Turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata (L.), in North-Eastern Australia: the Campbell Island Rookery. Australian Wildlife Res. 1983 10: 185-197. Limpus, C.J., Parmenter, C.J., Baker, V. and Fleay, A. (1983). The Crab Island Sea Turtle Rookery in the North-Eastern Gulf of Carpentaria. Aust. Wildl. Res. 10: 173-184. Limpus, C.J., Parmenter, C.J., Baker, V., and Fleay, A. (1983). The Flatback Turtle, Chelonia depressa, in Queensland: post-nesting migration and feeding ground distribution. Aust. Wildl. Res. 10: 557- 561. Loessener, F.R. (1984). The National Report: Guatemala. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Loveridge, A. (1957). Checklist of the reptiles and amphibians of East Africa (Uganda; Kenya; Tanganyika; Zanzibar). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard. 117(2): 153-362. Luckenbach, R.A. (1982). Ecology and management of the Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). In, Bury, R.B. (ed) North American Tortoises: Conservation and Ecology. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Report No. 12. Pp. 1-37. 89 298. 299. 300. 301. 302. 303. 304. 305. 306. SOE 308. 309. 310. 3. 312. Luttenberger, F. (1972). Die Wiesenotter (Vipera ursinii), eine aussterbende Schlange in sterreich. Vivarium 3: 45-48. Luttenberger, F. (1978). Die Schlangen Osterreichs. Fakultas-Verlag, Vienna. Luxmoore, R., Groombridge, B., and Broad, S. (in press, 1988). The Significance of Trade in Selected Species listed in CITES Appendix II. Vol. 3. Reptiles and Invertebrates. CITES Secretariat, Lausanne. Machado, A. (1985). New data concerning the Hierro Giant Lizard and the Lizard of Salmor (Canary Islands). Bonn. zool. Beitr. 36(3/4):429-470. Machado, A. (1985). Sinopsis del Plan de Recuperacion del Lagarto Gigante del Hierro. Bonn. zool. Beitr. 36(3/4):471-480. Machado, A., Lopez-Jurado, L.F., and Martin, A. (1985). Conservation status of reptiles in the Canary Islands. Bonn. zool. Beitr. 36(3/4) :585-606. Mager, Jr., A. (1985). Five-year Status Reviews of Sea Turtles Listed Under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Magnusson, W.E. (1982). Biological aspects of the conservation of Amazonian crocodilians. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN. Mahdi, N. and Georg, P.V. (1969). A systematic list of the vertebrates of Iraq. Iraq Natural History Museum, University of Baghdad; Publication No. 26. Mahony, M., Tyler, M.J., and Davies, M. (1984). A new species of the genus Rheobatrachus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Queensland. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 108(3): 155-162. Maigret, J. (1983). Reparition des tortues de mer sur les cotes ouest africaines. Rencontres de la Societe Herpetologique de France. Makeev, V.M., Bozhanski, A.T., and Frolov, V.E. (1986). Distribution of the Central Asian Tortoise (Agrionemys horsfieldi Gray, 1844) in the south of the Turkmen SSR. In, Rocek, Z., (ed) Studies in Herpetology. Proceedings of the European Herpetological Meeting, Prague 1985, pp. 711-712. Malkmus, R. (1981). Os anfibios e repteis nos serras de Portugal. Arquivos do Museo Bocage, ser. B, 1(9): 97-124. Malkmus, R. (1982). Beitrag zur Verbreitung der Amphibien und Reptilien in Portugal. Salamandra 18(3/4):218-299. Malkmus, R. (1983). Nachtrag zur Verbreitung der Amphibien und Reptilien Portugals. Salamandra 19(1/2):71-83. 90 Sa'3/ 314. 315. 316. Swk7/¢ 318. 319. 320. SVJ 322. 323). 324. 325. 326. 327. Maness, S.J. (1982). Status of Crocodylus acutus, Caiman crocodilus fuscus, and Caiman crocodilus crocodilus in Venezuela. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN. Marquez, R.M. (1984). Ad Hoc Data Report: Cuba. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Marquez, R.M. (1984). The National Report: Mexico Carribean Region. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Marquez, R.M. (1984). The National Report: Mexico Gulf Region. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Martin, N. (1986). Mission possible. Texas Shores 19(2): 19-22. Martinez-Rica, J.P., and Cirer, A.M. (1982). Notes on some endangered species of spanish herpetofauna: I. Podarcis pityusensis Bosca. Biological Conservation 22: 295-314. Marx, H. (1968). Checklist of the reptiles and amphibians of Egypt. Special Publication, United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3. Matillano, F.S., and Ladra, D.F. (1986). Nesting habits and habitat of marine turtles in Quiniluban Island, Palawan. Unpublished report. Maxwell, F.D. (1911). Reports on inland and sea fisheries in the Thongwa, Myaungmya, and Bassein districts and the turtle banks of the Irrawaddy division. Rangoon, Government Printing Office. 57 pp. McBee, K., Bickham, J.W., Rhodin, A.G.J., and Mittermeier, R.A. (1985). Karyotypic variation in the genus Platemys (Testudines: Pleurodira). Copeia 1985(2): 445-449. McCoy, C.J. (1984). Ecological and zoogeographic relationships of amphibians and reptiles of the Cuatro Cienagas Basin. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 19: 49-59. McCoy, M. (1980). Reptiles of the Solomon Islands. Wau Ecology Institute, Handbook No. 7. McDowell, S.B. (1975). A Catalogue of the snakes of New Guinea and the Solomons, with special reference to those in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Part 2. Anilioidea and Pythoninae. Journal of Herpetology 13:1-91. McLachlan, G.R. (1978). South African Red Data Book - Reptiles and Amphibians. S. African National Scientific Programmes Report No. 23. McVey, J.P., and Wibbels, T. (1984). The growth and movements of captive-reared Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtles, Lepidochelys kempi, following their release in the Gulf of Mexico. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFC-145. 91 328. 329. 330. 331. 332. 333. 334. 335. 336. 337. 338. 339° 340. 341. 342. 343. Medem, F. (1982). Sanctioned exportation of caiman hides from Colombia. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN. Medem, F. (1983). Los Crocodylia do Sur America II. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo De Historia Natural; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colciencies. Bogota. Meek, R. (1985). Aspects of the ecology of Testudo hermanni in southern Yugoslavia. Brit. J. Herpet. 6: 437-445. Meeman, J., and Boomsma, T. (1987). Beobachtungen an Chamaeleo calyptratus calyptratus Dumeril and Dumeril, 1851 in der Arabischen Republik Jemen (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae). Salamandra 23(2/3): 106-121. Meier, H. (1980). Zur Lebendfarbung, Lebensweise und zum Verbreitungsgebeit von Phelsuma guttata Kaudern 1922 (Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonidae). Salamandra 16: 82-88. Meier, H. (1981). Zur Taxonomie und Okologie der Gattung Phelsuma (Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonidae) auf den Komoren, mit Beschreibung einer neuen Art. Bonn zool. Beitr. 31: 323-332. Meier, H. (1982). Zur Taxonomie und Okologie der Gattung Phelsuma auf den Seychellen, mit Nachtr gen zu dieser Gattung auf den Komoren. Salamandra 18: 49-55. Meier, H. (1983). Neue Ergebnisse uber Phelsuma lineata pusilla Mertens, 1964, Phelsuma bimaculata Kaudern, 1922 und Phelsuma quadriocellata (Petelrs 1883), mit beschreibung von zwei neuen Unterarten. Salamandra 19(3):108-122. Meier, H. (1984). Zwei neuen Formen der Gattung Phelsuma von den Komoren. Salamandra 20(1):32-38. Mendelssohn, H. (1983). Herpetological nature protection. Israel - Land_and Nature, 9(1):21-27. Mendelssohn, H., and Geffen, E. (1987). The Egyptian Tortoise in Israel. Israel, Land and Nature 12: 153-157. Mertens, R. (1942). Die Familie der Warane (Varanidae). Dritter Teil: Taxonomie. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 466: 235-391. Mertens, R. (1963). Helodermatidae, Varanidae, Lanthanotidae. Das Tierreich 79: 1-26, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. Mertens, R. (1966). Chamaeleonidae. Das Tierreich 83: 1-37. Berlin. Walter de Gruyter. Mertens, R. (1966). Die nichtmadagassischen Arten und Unterarten der Gekkonengattung Phelsuma. Senck. biol. 47(2): 85-110. Mertens, R. (1970). Neues uber einige Taxa der Geckonengattung Phelsuma. Senck. biol. 51 (1/2): 1-13. 92 344. 345. 346. 347. 348. 349. 350. 352. 352. 353. 354. 355. 356. 357. Mertens, R., and Wermuth, H. (1960). Die Amphibien und Reptilien Europas (Dritte Liste). Verlag Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt-a-M. Messel, H., Vorlicek, G.C., Green, W.J., and Onley, I.C. (1986). Crocodylus porosus - A Ten Year Overview: the Population Model and Importance of "Dry Wet" Season and Status, Management and Recovery. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN and FUDENA. Messel, H., Vorlicek, G.C., Well, A.G., Green, W.J., and Onley, I.C. (1986). Status of Crocodylus porosus, July 1984, in the Tidal Waterways of the Alligator Region and in the Adelaide River System of Northern Australia Recovery - Under Way. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN and FUDENA. Meyer, J.R., and Wilson, L.D. (1973). A distributional checklist of the turtles, crocodilians, and lizards of Honduras. Los Angeles County Museum, Contributions in Science. 244: 1-39. Meylan, A. (1984). The Ecology and Conservation of the Caribbean Hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata). Final Report WWF Project 1499. Meylan, A.B. (1983). Marine Turtles of the Leeward Islands, Lesser Antilles. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 278. The Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. Meylan, A. and Mack, D. (1983). Sea Turtles of the West Indies - A Vanishing Resource. Naturalist - On the Natural Beauty of Trinidad and the Caribbean 4(9): 5-6, 45. Meylan, A., Meylan, P., and Ruiz, A. (1985). Nesting of Dermochelys coriacea in Caribbean Panama. J. Herpet. 19(2): 293-297. Meylan, P.A. (1987). The phylogenetic relationships of Soft-shelled Turtles (Family Trionychidae). Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 186(1): 1- 101. Miller, W.G., Berry, F. and Fletemeyer, J.R. (1984). The National Report: Belize. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Minton, S.A. (1966). A contribution to the herpetology of West Pakistan. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 134(2): 27-184. Miyata, K. (1982). A check list of the amphibians and reptiles of Ecuador (with a bibliography of Ecuadorian herpetology). Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service, No. 54. Mohadin, K. and Reichart, H.A. (1984). The National Report: Suriname. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Moll, D. (1986). The distribution, status, and level of exploitation of the freshwater turtle Dermatemys mawei in Belize, Central America. Biological Conservation 35: 87-96. 93 358. 359). 360. 3615 362. 363. 364. 365. 366. 36y7i- 368. 369. 370. Sve 372. Moll, E.O., Groombridge, B., and Vijaya, J. (1986). Redescription of the Cane Turtle with notes on its natural history and classification. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, Vol. 83 (1886-1986 Centenary Supplement): 112-126. Moll, E.0., and Vijaya, J. (1986). Distributional records for some Indian turtles. Jour. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 83(1): 57-62. Montague, J.J. (1983). Influence of water level, hunting pressure and habitat type on crocodile abundance in the Fly River drainage, Papua New Guinea. Biol. Conserv. 26: 309-339. Montanucci, R.R. (1970). Analysis of hybridization between Crotaphytus wislizenii and Crotaphytus silus in California. Copeia 1970: 104-123. Montanucci, R.R. (1978). Discriminant analysis of hybridization between Leopard Lizards, Gambelia (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Journal of Herpetology 12: 244-307. Montaquim, M.A., Sarker, A.H., Reza Khan, M.A., Husain, K.Z. (1980). List of the snakes of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 8(2): 127-129. Montiel, R.A. (1984). The National Report: Nicaragua. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Morafka, D.J. (1982). The status and distribution of the Bolson Tortoise (Gopherus flavomarginatus). In, Bury, R.B. (ed) North American Tortoises: Conservation and Ecology. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Report No. 12. Pp. 71-94. Morris, K. (1984). The National Report: St Vincent. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Mortimer, J.A. (1983). Marine Turtles in the Republic of Seychelles. WWF Project 1809. IUCN/WWF. Mortimer, J.A. (1985). Recovery of green turtles on Aldabra. Oryx 19(3). Mortimer, J.A. and Carr, A. (1987). Reproduction and migrations of the Ascension Island green turtle (Chelonia mydas). Copeia 1987(1): 103-112. Moutou, F. (1985). Briefly: the Maldive Islands. Oryx 19(4): 232- Sieh Mrosovsky, N. (1983). Ecology and nest-site selection of Leatherback Turtles Dermochelys coriacea. Biol. Conserv. 26: 47-56. Murray, P.A. (1984). The National Report: Saint Lucia. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. 94 373% 374. 375.. 376. Slice 378. 379). 380. 381. 382. 383. 384. 385. Myers, C.W., Daly, J.W., and Malkin, B. (1978). A dangerously toxic new frog (Phyllobates) used by Esmera Indians of Western Colombia, with discussion of blowgun fabrication and dart poisoning. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 161(2):307-366. Nellis, D.W., Norton, R.L., and MacLean, W.P. (1983). On the biogeography of the Virgin Islands Boa, Epicrates monensis granti. Journal of Herpetology 17(4):413-417. Newman, D.G. (1982). A management plan for Hamilton's frog Leiopelma hamiltoni on Stephen's Island. In, Newman, D.G. (ed), New Zealand Herpetology. Proceedings of a symposium held at the Victoria University of Wellington, January 1980. New Zealand Wildlife Service Occasional Publication No. 2, pp. 93-99. Newman, D.G. (1982). Current distribution of the Tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus. In, Newman, D.G. (ed), New Zealand Herpetology. Proceedings of a symposium held at the Victoria University of Wellington, January 1980. New Zealand Wildlife Service Occasional Publication No. 2, pp. 145-147. Nilson, G., and Andren, C. (1986). The Mountain Vipers of the Middle East - the Vipera xanthina complex (Reptilia, Viperidae). Bonner Zoologische Monographien, No. 20, pp 1-90. Norman, D.R. (1987). Man and Tegu Lizards in Eastern Paraguay. Biological Conservation 41:39-56. Nuitja, I.N.S. and Akhmad, S. (1982). Management and conservation of marine turtles in Indonesia. IUCN World National Parks Congress. Nussbaum, R.A. (1984). Amphibia of the Seychelles. Pp. 379-415 in Stoddart, D.R. (Ed), Biogeography and Ecology of the Seychelles Islands. Dr W. Junk, The Hague. Ogren, L. (1984). Draft National Report: Colombia. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Oliver, W.L.R. (1982). The Coney and the Yellow Snake: the distribution and status of the Jamaican Hutia Geocapromys brownii and the Jamaican Boa Epicrates subflavus. Dodo, Journal of the Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust 19:6-33. Olson, M.H. (1985). Population Characteristics of the Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) on Mona Island, Puerto Rico: A Case Study of U.S. Endangered Species Act. Proceedings of the Fifth International Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti, 1985, Vol. 5 Osorio, $.R., and Bury, R.B. (1982). Ecology and status of the Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) on Tiburon Island, Sonora. In, Bury, R.B. (ed) North American Tortoises: Conservation and Ecology. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Report No. 12. Pp. 39-49. Oubotes, P.E., and Nanhoe, L.M.R. (1984). An ecological study of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus in northern Surinam. Report No. 223, Dept. of Animal Ecology, Catholic University of Nijmegen. 95 386. 3875 388. 389. 390. 391. 392. 3933). 394. 395°: 396. BOCs 398. 399. 400. Pakenham, R.H.W. (1983). The Reptiles and Amphibians of Zanzibar and Pemba Islands. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society and National Museum, No. 177, pp. 1-40. Paris, M.G. (1985). Los Anfibios de Espana. Extension Agraria, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentation, Madrid. Parker, F. (1982). The Snakes of Western Province. Wildlife in Papua New Guinea No. 82/1. Division of Wildlife, Dept. of Lands and Environment, Konedobu. Parsons, J. (1962). The Green Turtle and Man. University of Florida Press, Florida. 121 pp. Parsons, J.J. (1972). The Hawksbill Turtle and the Tortoise Shell Trade. In, Etudes de geographie tropicale offertes Pierre Gourou. Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes - Sorbonne, Paris, pp. 45-59. Parsons, J. (1984). The National Report: Cayman Islands. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Patterson, R. (1982). The distribution of the Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). In, Bury, R.B. (ed) North American Tortoises: Conservation and Ecology. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Report No. 12. Pp. 51-55. Paz, V. (19847). The Rehabilitation of the Huleh Reserve. Israel Nature Reserves Authority. Peters, J.A. & Donoso-Barros, R. (1970). Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata; Part 2, Lizards and Amphisbaenians. Bull. U.S. natn. Mus. 297(2): 1-293. Peters, J.A. & Orejas-Miranda, B. (1970). Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata; Part 1, Snakes. Bull. U.S. natn. Mus. 297(1): 1-347. Phililips, J., and Wood, V. (1983). Hawksbill Turtles in the Cousin Island Special Reserve 1973-1982, Cousin Island Research Station Technical Report No.32. Pintak, T. (1987). Zur Kenntnis des Tomatenfrosches Dyscophus antongili (Grandidier, 1877). Salamandra 23 (2/3): 106-121. Pitman, C.R.S. (1974). A Guide to the Snakes of Uganda (revised edition). Wheldon and Wesley, Ltd., Codicote. Plotkin, M.J., Medem, F., Mittermeier, R.A., and Constable, I.D. (1983). Distribution and conservation of the Black Caiman (Melanosuchus niger). In, Rhodin, A.G.J., and Miyata, K. (eds) Advances in Herpetology and Evolutionary Biology. pp. 695-705. Polunin, N.V.C., and Sumertha Nuitja, N. (1982). Sea turtle populations of Indonesia and Thailand. In, Bjorndal, K. (Ed.). The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington, D.C. 96 401. 402. 403. 404. 405. 406. 407. 408. 409. 410. 411. 412. 413. 414. 415. Pooley, A.C. (1982). The status of African crocodiles in 1980. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN. Pope, C.H. (1935). The Reptiles of China. Natural History of Central Asia, X. American Museum of Natural History. Pritchard, P.C.H. (1982). Marine turtles of Micronesia. In Bjorndal, K. (Ed.). The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington, D.C. Pritchard, P.C.H. (1982). Marine turtles of the South Pacific. In, Bjorndal, K. (Ed.). The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington, D.C. Pritchard, P.C.H. (1984). The National Report: Venezuela. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Pritchard, P.C.H. (1986). A re-interpretation of Testudo gigantea Schweigger, 1812. J. Herpetol. 20(4):522-534. Pritchard, P.C.H. (1987). Sea turtles in New Caledonia. Report of a literature survey and field investigation. Unpublished consultancy report to CMC. Pritchard, P.C.H. and Trebbau (1984). The Turtles of Venezuela. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Contributions to Herpetology, No. 2. Pp. 283-399. Quinn, N.J., and Kojis, B.L. (1985). Leatherback Turtles under threat in Morobe Province Papua New Guinea. PLES (South Pacific Commission) 1: 79-99. Ramo, C., y B. Busto (1986). Censo Aereo de Caimanes (Crocodylus intermedius en el R o Tucupido (Portuguesa-Venezuela) con Observaciones sobre su Actividad de Soleamiento. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN and FUDENA. Ramon, M., Terrassa, B., Arranz, M.J., and Petitpierre, E. (1986). Genetic variation in insular populations of the Balearic Lizard Podarcis lilfordi. In, Rocek, Z., (ed) Studies in Herpetology. Proceedings of the European Herpetological Meeting, Prague 1985, pp. 243-248. Rand, A.S. (1963). Notes on the Chamaeleo bitaeniatus complex. Bull. Mus. comp. zool., Harvard 130(1):1-29. Rau, L.R.G. (1976). A survey of the dwarf chamaeleons of Natal, South Africa, with descriptions of three new species. Durban Mus. Novit. 11(7):139-161. Rau, L.R.G. (1978). A further new Dwarf Chameleon from Natal, South Africa (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae). Durban Mus. Novit. 11(15):265-269. Rebelo, G.H. (1982). Avaliac'o de populac es de crocodilianos do medio Rio Trombetas, Para. Revta. bras. Zool., S. Paulo 1(1): 91-94. 97 416. 417. 418. 419. 420. 421. 422. 423. 424. 425. 426. 427. 428. 429. 430. 431. Reichart, H.A. (1984). Ad Hoc Data Report: Brazil. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Reichart, H.A. (1986). Sea turtles of Suriname. American 38(4) Nov/Dec '86. Reichart, H.A., Pritchard, C.H. and Mohadin, K. (1984). The National Report: Guyana. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Reilly, S.M. (1982). Ecological notes on Chamaeleo schubotzi from Mount Kenya. J. Herp Assoc. Afr. 28:1-3. Reynolds, R.P., and Marlow, R.W. (1983). Lonesome George, the Pinta Island tortoise: a case of limited alternatives. Noticias de Galapagos 37: 14-17. Rhodin, A.G.J., Mittermeier, R.A., and da Rocha e Silva, R. (1982). Distribution and taxonomic status of Phrynops hogei, a rare chelid turtle from southeastern Brazil. Copeia 1982(1): 179-181. Rhodin, A.G.J., da Rocha e Silva, R., and Mittermeier, R.A. (1984). Distribution of the South American chelid turtles Platemys radiolata and P. spixii. Copeia 1984(3): 780-786. Richardson, L. and Gumbs, C. (1984). The National Report: Anguilla. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Richer de Forges, B. and Bargibant, G. (1985). Le lagon nord de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et les atolls de Huon et Surprise, Rapports Scientifiques et Techniques No. 37. O.R.S.T.O.M., Noumea. Ridley, H.N. (1899). The habits of Malay reptiles. Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 32: 185-210. Rivero, J.A., Joglar, R., and Vasquez, I. (1982). Cinco nuevos ejemplares del Culebron de la Mona. Caribbean Journal of Science 17(1-4):7-13. Rodriguez Bayona, L.O., and Rylander, M.K. (1984). Notes on the biology of the tortoise Geochelone denticulata L. in Peru. Amphibia- Reptilia 5:323-327. Roman, B. (1984). Serpents des Pays de 1l'Entente. C.N.R.S.T. Ougadougou, Burkina Faso. Romer, J.D. (1963). Occurrence of the Common Water Monitor Varanus salvator (Laurenti), in Hong Kong. Memoirs of the Hong Kong Natural History Society 6: 12. Romer, J.D. (1975). Illustrated Guide to the venomous snakes of Hong Kong. Government Printer, Hong Kong. 4th Edn. Romer, J.D. (1979). Second revised annotated checklist with keys to the snakes of Hong Kong. Memoirs of the Hong Kong Natural History Society No. 14:1-23. 98 432. 433. 434. 435. 436. 437. 438. 439. 440. 441. 442. 443. 444, 445. 446. Rooij, N. de (1915). The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Vol. 1. Lacertidae, Chelonia, Emydosauria. E.J. Brill Ltd., Leiden. Reprinted 1970, A. Asher and Co., N.V., Vaals. Rose, F.L., and Judd, F.W. (1982). The biology and status of Berlandier's Tortoise (Gopherus berlandieri). In, Bury, R.B. (ed) North American Tortoises: Conservation and Ecology. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Report No. 12. Pp. 57-70. Ross, C.A. (1986). Comments on Indopacific Crocodile Distributions. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN and FUDENA. Ross, C.A., and Alcala, A.C. (1983). Distribution and status of the Philippine Crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis). Kalikasan. Phil. J. Biol. 12(1-2): 169-173. Ross, J.P. (1985). Biology of the Green Turtle, Chelonia mydas on an Arabian feeding ground. Journal of Herpetology 19(4): 459-468. Ross, J.P., and Barwani, M.A. (1982). Review of sea turtles in the Arabian area. In, Bjorndal, K. (Ed.). The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D.C. Rossman, D.A., and Stewart, G.R. (1987). Taxonomic reevaluation of Thamnophis couchii (Serpentes: Colubridae). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University No 63, pp. 1-25. Russell, A.P. (1977). The genera Rhoptropus and Phelsuma (Reptila: Gekkonidae) in southern Africa: a case of convergence and a reconsideration of the biogeography of Phelsuma Zool. Africana 12(2): 393-408. Sabater-Pi, J. (1985). Contribution to the biology of the Giant Frog (Conraua goliath, Boulenger). Amphibia-Reptilia 6:143-153. Saint Girons, H. (1983). Species account for Vipera ursinii ursinii, in Livre Rouge des Especes Menacees en France, Tome 1: Vertebres. Secretariat de la Faune et de la Flore, Paris. Saint Girons, H. (1972). Les Serpents du Cambodge. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. N.S. Serie A, Zoologie, 74, pp. 1-170, pl. I-XLII. Saint Girons, H. (1978). Morphologie externe comparee et systematique des Viperes d'Europe (Reptilia, Viperidae). Revue suisse Zool. 895(3):565-595. Salm, R.V. (1986). The proposed Daymaniyat Islands National Nature Reserve Management Plan. IUCN Coastal Zone Management Project, Gland. Salm, R.V. and Halim, I.M. (1984). Marine Conservation Data Atlas. IUCN/WWF Project 3108, Marine Conservation. Salter, R.E. (1983). Summary of currently available information on internationally threatened wildlife species in Burma. (Nature Conservation and National Parks Project, Burma. Rangoon. FAO, FO: BUR/80/006. Field Document 7/83. 99 447. 448. 449. 450. 451. 452. 453. 454. 455. 456. 457. 458. 459. 460. Salter, R.E. (1983). Summary of currently available information on internationally threatened wildlife species in Burma. Nature Conservation and National Parks Project, Burma. Report for Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Sarker, S.U., and Sarker, N.J. (1985). Reptiles of Banglasdesh (with their status, distribution and habitat). Tigerpaper 12(2): 6-12. Savage, J.M. (1980). A handlist with preliminary keys to the herpetofauna of Costa Rica. University of Southern California, Allan Hancock Foundation. Schleich, H.-H. (1979). Der Kapverdische Riesenskink, Macroscincus coctei, ein ausgestorbene Echse? Natur und Museum 109(5):133-138. Schleich, H.-H. (1982). Letzte Nachforschungen zum kapverdischen Riesenskink, Macroscincus coctei (Dumeril & Bibron 1839). Salamandra 18(1/2):78-85. Schleich, H.-H. (1984). Studies on the herpetology of Kouf National Park and adjacent areas of Cyrenaika with a checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Libya (checklist not included). Final Report, IUCN/WWF Project 9044 - Libya, Kouf N.P. Schmulz, E., and Horn, H.-G. (1986). Der Lebensraum von Varanus (Odatria) t. timorensis (Gray, 1831). Salamandra 22(2/3):147-156. Schulz, J.P. (1982). Status of Sea Turtle populations nesting in Suriname with notes on sea turtles nesting in Guyana and French Guiana. In, Bjorndal, K. (Ed.). The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D.C. Schulz, J.P. (1984). Turtle Conservation Strategy in Indonesia. IUCN/WWF Report. Schwarz, A., and Thomas, R. (1975). A check-list of West Indian Amphibians and Reptiles. Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Special Publication No. 1. Pp. 1-216. Seidel, M.E., and Adkins, M.D. (1987). Biochemical comparisons among West Indian Trachemys (Emydidae:Testudines). Copeia 1987(2):485-489. Seidel, M.E., and Smith, H.M. (1986). Chrysemys, Pseudemys, Trachemys (Testudines: Emydidae): did Agassiz have it right? Herpetologica 42(2):242-248. Seijas, A.E. (1986). Situacicn Actual de las Poblaciones de Babas y Babillas (Caiman crocodilus) en la Region Norte-Costera de Venezuela. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN asnd FUDENA. Seijas, A.E. (1986). Situacicn Actual del Caiman de la Costa, Crocodylus acutus, en Venezuela. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN and FUDENA. 100 461 462. 463. 464. 465. 466. 467. 468. 469. 470. 471. 472. 473. 474. Sheplan, B.R. & Schwarz, A. (1974). Hispaniolan Boas of the genus Epicrates (Serpentes, Boidae) and their Antillean relationships. Annls. Carnegie Mus. 45(5): 57-143. Silas, E.G. (Ed.) (1984). Proceedings of the Workshop on Sea Turtle Conservation, 27-29 February, 1984, Madras. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, India. Simonetta, A.M., and Magnoni, M.L. (1986). Status and conserbation problems of Somali lowr vertebrates. Rivista di Agricoltura Subtropicale e Tropicale 53(3): 405-432. Singh, L.A.K., and Choudhury, B.C. (1982). Indian Crocodiles - Conservation and Research. Forum of Crocodile Researchers, India. Hyberabad. Singh, L.A.K., Kar, S., and Choudhury, B.C. (1986). India: Status of Wild Crocodiles. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN and FUDENA. Singh, L.A.K., Kar, S., and Choudhury, B.C. (1986). Indian Crocodilians: a 10-Year Review of Management. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN and FUDENA. Siow K.T. and Moll, E.O. (1982). Status and conservation of estuarine and sea turtles in West Malaysian waters. In, Bjorndal, K. (Ed). The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D.C. (Papers presented at the World Conference on Sea Turtle Conservation, Nov. 26-30, 1979, Washington D.C.). Siraimeetan, P. (1985). Observations on the Green Turtle Chelonia mydas along the Gujarat Coast. Smith, H.M., and Smith, R.B. (1980). Synopsis of the herpetofauana of Mexico, Vol. 6. Guide to Mexican turtles. John Johnson, North Bennington, Vermont. 1044 pp. Smith, L.A. (1981). A revision of the genera Aspidites and Python (Serpentes: Boidae) in Western Australia. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. 9(2): 211-226. Smith, L.A. (1981). A revision of the python genera Aspidites and Python (Serpentes: Boidae) in Western Australia. Rec. West Aust. Mus 9:227-233. Smith, L.A. (1985). A revision of the Liasis childreni species-group (Serpentes: Boidae). Rec. West. Aust. Mus. 12(3):257-276. Smith, M.A. (1935). Reptilia and Amphibia, Vol. II - Sauria. In: The Fauna of British India. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London. Reprinted 1973, Ralph Curtis Books, Fla. Smith, M.A. (1943). The Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Amphibia, Vol. III, Serpentes. London Taylor and Francis. Reprinted 1961, by Survey of India Press, Dehra Dun. 101 475. 476. 477. 478. 479. 480. 481. 482. 483. 484. 485. 486. 487. 488. 489. 490. Spawls, S. (1978). A checklist of the snakes of Kenya. Journal of the East Africa Nautral History Society and National Museum, Vol. 31, No. 167, pp. 1-18. Spring, S. (1982). Status of Marine Turtle populations in Papua New Guinea. In, Bjorndal, K. (Ed.). The Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D.C. Spring, S.C. (1983). Marine turtles of Long Island (PNG). A report of an IUCN/WWF sponsored tagging project. Stanner, M., and Mendelssohn, H. (1987). Sex ratio, population density and home range of the Desert Monitor (Varanus griseus) in the southern coastal plain of Israel. Amphibia-Reptilia 8(2): 153-164. Sternberg, J. (1981). The worldwide distribution of Sea Turtle nesting beaches. Centre for Environmental Education, Washington D.C. Stewart-Smith, J. (1987). In the shadow of Fujisan. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, UK, 208pp. Stimson, A.F. (1969). Boidae. Das Tierreich 89:1-49. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin. Storr, G.M., Smith, L.A., Johnstone, R.E. (1983). Lizards of Western Australia II. Dragons and Monitors. Western Australian Museum. Storr, G.M., Smith, L.A., Johnstone, R.E. (1986). Snakes of Western Australia. Western Australian Museum. Street, D. (1979). Reptiles of northern and central Europe. B.T. Batsford Ltd., London Stuart, C.L., and Meakin, P.R. (1983). A note on the effect of fire on a population of Angulate Tortoises, Chersina angulata (Cryptodira, Testudinidae), with an estimate of biomass. J. Herp Assoc. Afr. 29:7- 8. Stubbs, D. (1985). Biogenetic Reserve Assessment for Vipera lebetina schweizeri and Podarcis milensis milensis in the Western Cyclades. Unpublished report to the Council of Europe by the Societas Europaea Herpetologica Conservation Committee. Stubbs, D., Swingland, I.R., Hailey, A., and Pulford, E. (1985). The ecology of the Mediterranean Tortoise Testudo hermanni in Northern Greece (the effects of a catastrophe on population structure and density). Biol. Conserv. 31: 125-152. Stubbs, D., and Swingland, I.E. (1985). The ecology of a Mediterranean tortoise (Testudo hermanni): a declining population Can. J. Zool. 63: 169-180. Stubbs, D., and Swingland, I.R. (1986). Recent developments in the conservation of Testudo hermanni in France. In, Rocek, Z., (ed) Studies in Herpetology. Proceedings of the European Herpetological Meeting, Prague 1985, pp. 739-742. Swan, L.W., and Leviton, A.E. (1962). The herpetology of Nepal: a history, checklist, and zoogeographical analysis of the herpetofauna. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Fourth Series. 32 (6): 103-147. 102 491. 492. 493. 494, 495. 496. 497. 498. 499, 500. 501. 502. 503. 504. 505. Swingland, I.R., Stubbs, D., Newdick, M., and Worton, B. (1986). Movement patterns in Tustudo hermanni and implications for management. In, Rocek, Z., (ed) Studies in Herpetology. Proceedings of the European Herpetological Meeting, Prague 1985, pp. 573-578. Sworder, G.H. (1922). A list of snakes of Singapore Island. Singapore Naturalist 1(2):55-73. Taylor, E.H. (1962). University of Kansas Science bulletin, 43(8): 265-599. the Amphibian Fauna of Thailand. Taylor, E.H. (1963). the Lizards of Thailand. University of Kansas Science bulletin. 44(14): 687-1077. Taylor, E.H. (1965). The Serpents of Thailand and adjacent waters. University of Kansas Science Bulletin. 45(9): 609-1096. Thorbjarnarson, J. (1986). The present Status and Distribution of Crocodylus acutus on the Caribbean Island of Hispaniola. In, Crocodiles. Procedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN and FUDENA. Thorpe, R.S., and Crawford, C.M. (1979). The comparative abundance and resource partitioning of two Green-Gecko species (Phelsuma) on Praslin, Seychelles. Brit. J. Herp. 6: 19-24. Thorpe, R.S.T. (1985). A numerical analysis of isoelectric focused keratin monomers: affinities of some western Indian Ocean Green Geckos. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 13(1): 63-69. Thorps, R.S.T. (1986). Evolution and character convergence in some western Indian Ocean Phelsuma: numerical analysis of biochemistry, shape and scalation. Travis, W (1967). The Voice of the turtle. George Allen and Unwin Ltd., London. Pp. 14-188. Tweedie, M.W.F. (1983). The Snakes of Malaya. Singapore National Printers (Pte) Ltd. Tyler, M.J. (ed) (1983). The Gastric Brooding Frog. Croom Helm, London. Canberra. Uchida I. (1985). Sea Turtles in around Nansei Shoto. In: Anon (WWF- Japan Scientific committee) (1985). Conservation of the Nansei Shoto Part Il. WWF-Japan. Pp. 200-209. (In Japanese, separate English abstracts). Underwood, G. (1976). A systematic analysis of boid snakes. Pp 151- 175 in, Bellairs, A.d'A., and Cox, C.B. (eds). Morphology and Biology of Reptiles. Linnean Scoeity Symposium Series No. 3, Academic Press, London. Ussher, C. (1979). Brunei's largest snake. Brunei Museum Journal 4(3): 180. 103 506. 507. 508. 509. 510. Sylibe SNl2T 513. 514, 515). 516. Syl The 518. SOK 520. Van Jaarsveldt, K. (1986). Status of African Crocodylus niloticus Populations (Malawi and Mozambique). In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN and FUDENA. Vanzolini, P.E. & Valencia, J. (1965). The genus Dracaena, with a brief consideration of macroteiid relationships (Sauria, Teiidae). Arquivos de Zoologia 13: 7-35. Villa, J. (1972). Anfibios de Nicaragua. Instituto Geografico Nacional and Banco Central de Nicaragua. Villa, J. (1983). Nicaraguan Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles (A Checklist and Bibliography). School of Ecology and Natural REsources, Universidad Centroamericana, Manague. Vinson, J. & Vinson J.M. 1969. The saurian fauna of the Mascarene Islands. Bull. Mauritius Inst. 6(4): 203-320. WWF Thailand (1985). Unpublished information. Waitkuwait, W.E. (1985). Investigations of the breeding biology of the West-African slender-snouted crocodile Crocodylua cataphractua Cuvier, 1824. Amphibia-Reptilia 6: 387-399. Waller, T. (1986). Distribucion, Habitat y Registro de Localidades para Geochelone chilensis (Gray, 1870) (Syn. Donosobarrosi, petersi) (Testudines, Testudinidae). Amphibia & Reptilia (conservacion), 1(2): 36-48. Grupo Herpetofauna, Fundacion Vida Silvestre Argentina. Waller, T. (1987). Registro de las Localidades de Distribucion de las Especies del Genero Caiman (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) en Argentina. Amphibia & Reptilia (conservacion), 1(3): 68-75. Grupo Herpetofauna, Fundacion Vida Silvestre Argentina. Watanabe, M.E. (1983). The Chinese Alligator; is farming the last hope? Oryx 17(4): 176-181. Webb, G., Manolis, S., Whitehead, P., and Letts, G. (1984). A Proposal for the transfer of the Australian population of Crocodylus porosus Schneider, 1801, from Apendix I to Appendix II of CITES. Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, Technical Report No. 21. Webb, G.J.W., Manolis, S.C., and Buckworth, R. (1983). Crocodylus johnstoni in the McKinley River sea, N.T. II. Dry-season habitat selection and an estimate of the total population size. Aust. Wildl. Res. 10: 373-382 (and see other papers in same volume). Webb, R.G. (1982). Taxonomic notes concerning the Trionychid turtle Lissemys punctata (Lacepede). Amphibia-Reptilia 3:179-184. Wermuth, H. & Mertens R. (1977). Testudines, Crocodylia, Rhynchocephalia. Das Tierreich 100: 1-174. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. Wermuth, H. (1965). Gekkonidae, Pygopodidae, Xantusiidae. Das Tierreich 80: 1-246. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 104 521. 522%. 523). 524. 525. 526. 527. 528. 529. 530. a3 2 532. 533. 534. 535. 536. Wermuth, H. (1967). Agamidae. Das Tierreich 86: 1-127. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. Wermuthy, H. (1968). Cordylidae (Cordylinae + Gerrhosaurinae). Das Tierreich 87: 1-30. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. Wermuth, H. (1986). Praktische erfahrungen beim identifizieren von Krokodil-Lederwaren fur die belange des artenschutzes. Amphibia- Rep;tilia 7:33-42. Werner, D.I. (1982). Social organisation and ecology of Land Iguanas, Conolophus subcristatus, on Isla Fernandina, Galapagos. In, Burghardt, G.M., and Rand, A.S., (eds). Iguanas of the World, Noyes Publications, New Jersey. pp. 342-365. Whitaker, R. (1978). Common Indian Snakes: A Field Guide. Macmillan India Ltd., New Delhi. Reprinted 1982. Whittaker, R. (1981). Crocodile Farming and Management in Mozambique. Forestry and Forest Industries Development, Mozambique. MCZ/76/007. Project Working Document. FAO, Rome. Whitaker, R. (1982). Export prospects from commercial crocodile farms in Bangladesh. Report on a mission. Project No. GTO/03/07.. International Trade Centre UNCTAD/GATT. ITC/DIP/63. Whitaker, R. (1982). Status of Asian crocodiles. In, Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. IUCN and FUDENA. Whitaker, R., and Basu, D. (1982). The Gharial (Garialis gangeticus): a review. Jour. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 79(3): 531-548. Whitaker, R., and Whitaker, Z. (1981). Notes on Phelsuma andamanensis, the Andaman Day Gecko or Green Gecko. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. 75: 497-499. Whitaker, R., and Whitaker, Z. (1984). Reproductive biology of the Mugger (Crocodylus palustris). Jour. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Whitaker, R., Sukran, P., and Hartono, C. (1985). The Crocodile Resource in Irian Jaya. WWF/IUCN Conservation for Development Programme in Indonesia. WWF/IUCN Report 12. P. 1528 - Consultancy Report. Whitaker, R., Whitaker, Z., and Mills, D. (1982). Reptiles of Papua New Guinea. Wildlife in Papua New Guinea No. 82/2, Department of Lands and Environment. Wilkins, R. and Meylan, A. (1984). The National Report: Saint Kitts-Nevis. In, Bacon et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Wilson, L.D., and Meyer, J.R. (1982). The Snakes of Honduras. Publications in Biology and Geology, No. 6. Milwaukee Public Museum, Wisconsin. Wilson, L.D., and Porras, L. (1983). The ecological impact of man on the South Florida herpetofauna. Univ. Kans. Mus. nat. hist. Spec. Publ. No.9. 105 537. 538. 539. 540. 541. 542. 543. 544. 545. 546. 547. 548. 549. Witzell, W.N. (1982). Observations on the Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas) in Western Samoa. Copeia 1982(1): 183-185. Witzell, W.N. (1983). Synopsis of Biological Data on the Hawksbill Turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus, 1766). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Xavier, F. (1978). Une espece nouvelle de Nectophrynoides (Anoure, Bufonidae) des Monts Nimba. N.1 liberiensis n.sp. Bull. Soc. zool. Fr. 103(4): 431-441. Zwinenberg, A.J. (1979). Biologie en status van de Levantinjse Adder van de Cycladen, Vipera lebetina schweizeri. Lacerta 37(9): 137-%52. de Haas, C.P.J. (1950). Checklist of Snakes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Treubia, 20(3): 511-625. de Witte, G. Fr. (1975). Serpents: Boidae, Colubridae, Elapidae et Viperidae. In, Exploration du Parc National des Virunga, 2nd ser., Vol. 24. Fondation pour favoriser les recherches scientifiques en Afrique, Brussels. van Buurt, G. (1984). Ad Hoc Data Report: Netherlands Antilles-Aruba. In, Bacon et al. (Eds) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. van Buurt, G. (1984). Ad Hoc Data Report: Netherlands Antilles-Saba. In, Bacon et al. (Eds) Proceedings of the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Volume 3. University of Miami Press, 1984. Bruno, S. (1983). Lista rossa degli anfibi Italiani. Riv. Piem St. Nat 4:5-48. Mayol, J. and Alcover, J.A. (1981). Survival of Baleaphryne Sanchiz and Aldrover 1979 (Amphibia: Anura: Discoglossidae) on Mallorca. Amphibia-Reptilia 1(3-4): 343-345. Reilly, S.M. (1983). The Biology of the high altitude salamander Batrachuperus mustersi from Afghanistan. J. Herpetol 17(1):1-9. Cogger, H, Heatwole, H, Ishikawa, Y., McCoy, M, Tamiya, N. and Teruuchi, T. (1987). The status and natural history of the Rennell Island sea krait Laticauda crockeri (Serpentes: Laticaudidae). J. Herpetol. 21(4):255-266. Meier, H. (1987) Salamandra 23(4):204-211 106 Index of generic and common names (synonyms in brackets) ACanthochelly si. 6 «sec cc sce ce sei Co OOZoe ING Nore (Oo Sao OD ORUO CUO DADE EON d Ocoee 8 CACHniixy Sis o:sra1s, oicers eressoietore svete /ansinies 17 Acranthophis..... BU OOOO SOO CD OCOUO Og ooe Agkistrodon...... FOCUoOO0 ODDO COO ONO 67 CA g re OMeMYy:Si)\carsta-c slate: « Svousyereveraneiayerse acs ove 18 (Aid abrachely's') isi s.<)s:cisiare 5 vere oieins resis 14 MIEN ARON o: crererae aisere a ae arose Sieweiea aes 8% 28 Alligator, American......... oO GOoOC08 28 AVIirator,, Chinese. « 55 Boa, Virgin Islands Tree........-.--- 57 Bockadamlerecitecteclereiercier. sapooD apap ~. 64 Bolyeria.....--+eee- SSUBEOUDODO0O000N 55 (Bothrochilus) .....2..cccscccscescscs 59 BOthropS...-eeeeeeceeeeeeeees OOOO 0.0 67 Bothrops, Queimada Island...... aieheyerers 67 BrachyaspiS........+.+.-- SH OROOGDD0OC 00 Brachylophus.........-eeeeeeeeerecees 43 Bradypodion........ 2. sees eecceccccces 36 (Bradypodion) ....... eee eee eee eee eens 37 BULL O Meera oieloielakekolelerecersicnsteliorclonsVerouerse al Bullfrog, Indian.........ssseeeeees ooo! BUNGArra... eee cece eee cece reece ecceeee 51 (CASING po Goo CU DO OOOO IBD DOUCDOOUODOODC 28 Gatman,, Bilack os c)eicicrcie olels oe) oleleleletersio ele ao) Caiman, Broad-nosed.......---+eeeeeee 29 Caiman, Brown........ 55 0000000 Sabo oD O24 Caiman, Cuvier's Smooth-fronted...... 29 Gadman’y (DWalTreEs ice ci -\orlelekateradolfei- OEIC 29 Caiman, Rio ApapOris........-.--eeeeee 28 Caiman, Schneider's Smooth-fronted...29 Caiman, Spectacled............--eeee 28 Gaiman, 6 VACA Cee erolake ole or otenotel lie oleletelelel= 29 Galllabaictiatycrererct store erotic cperel selects ctelelerenonelel> 55 Callagur....... ence ec eee eee sees ecces ial (CIDE Sas oabnon Copp ODO pan O0eo S006 5 37 Gamelicon PROM Ofrccteracre a -iels o oleter tess) eveleners 48 Ganldomtaty ac. cteterc craveretersvarevescvoveterccckcieyeresonexeve 55 Gamer avs, o ef ei ciisieveney sieie Gialeronalere BDO 00D0D0S 67 GapemPlatannalaccrs steerer omic tenrcisisicieisie 7 Galette: acnopeperch crs ollel erence ser elerarecesoveue crsreneis 18 GaTreceoche ys yan. sles clereleleleievelsNellereneverssere 24 CARIES Gs dnd cOD OO GDOOO COCOONS SOOUOOEL 55 Gals CAD SV ys. .c5 or syeusisyeyelessi'spaves sh sieveneBelenoutuevelars 68 Gera ODROTA Ce relerererei-is\oxsrehoieretexo¥Nekeletoveaeiore 35 (Ciaran goonccapococe Gago duoooaddaeT 64 ChaMAC HOO a6, syavejavereveneveeXo ons ors: acsiatleys towers 37 Chameleon, WALT CAMs oicccre clever encfeteusie/e46 sie 37, Chameleon), «COMMON :5, 4.00600): sxorelofokeyolee7e%ore 38 Ghameteon:,) Crested. :s.1.10.cxce1e 0 sleleueiereie one 38 Chameleon! (DESO tials, sxessiessucuereperokeke wore eo.eve 41 Chameleon, Eastern Dwarf............. 37 Chameleon, European........ SOdCDOOAGS 37 Chameleon, Fischer's....... SeboRsususieis ous 39 Chameleon, Flap-necked............... 39 Chameilieon!, SROLKE . 5. sic.eciers «0 efsie. scree ic 39 Chameleon, Four-horned............... 42 Chameleon), (Giant). os, 16 Gasngdcbaunadscouccgoscor 64 Cobra, King....-..seeeresecrserccrces 67 (fol Pay. Orsihtn GoogoCOOUOUGUDUODOOCUOOODO 66 'Cobra', South American Water........ 64 (COLCONYX) oe eee eee cere eee reeeceees 32 Conolophus.....--eeeeeeeeeecercccccee 44 Conraua...... Wenehodhexedovenoneneiohexcuers soo00G00u (Const rictOr) ....ccccccccesesccccccns 55 Gormalelatstreye ciency ocererorereneleleioietellener Mekenonenenetele 56 COrdylus.....ceecceccerecccscccecces 0 46 (Cyokblnoaoogo00 S6G000 60000 6 0 67 Croco-Teju..... 600000 B10.00.96.90:00.00 BO COU Crocodile, African Slender-snouted...29 Crocodile, American........-eeeees 56074) Crocodile, Australian Fresh-water....30 Crocodile, Broad-snouted...........+.. 31 Crocodile, Cuban... .. 6.0. cc. eee oe eterno: Crocodile, Estuarine.......... sPotedote dete 31 Crocodile, Johnson's.......eeeeeeeees 30 Crocodile, Long-snouted........++-ees 29 Crocodile, Marsh...........-. siete watts te Nate 31 Crocodile, Mindoro........ BO-O:010 G-010-0.0:0 30 Crocodile, Morelet's...... SOD D.OOOd 30 Crocodile, New Guinea..........2+-eees 30 GHayxoobula, WEASGooodoGuDO OOOO OU GOdCG 30 Crocodile, Orinoco..........eseeseees 30 Crocodile, Philippines.............. -30 Crocodile, Salt-water........ iiavevlesedepowte 31 Crocodile, Siamese.........cccccccvce 31 NCGrocodaliet . “Ere Circe ie cieleieloleieloversievede nelle 53 Crocodile, West African Dwarf........ 31 EGrocods urs sicrerere © elec stehetohecederetelrole 48 Crocodylus...... Biereleloleicleickeloveretotedentctoie .29 GMO tA Sieperene ouctetictche oi cellel ctor suelexcnenoleneteten- lite 68 (Crotaphytus).....- seer ee eeecees 22 44 GEEMOLUSH ere: ei. erereleloieie SOGob0000000 72 249 Culebra Grande..........ccccccccvcees 57 GUO Bali. 0 ©0100) 6 600 a0000 5OD0000.00:000 oodtie (QUOD) Gon ouoOGOOd OO ODO OB DUOC CD OGa00DN 11 Cyclagras...... 6.00 600-000 ooo o0 000000 -.64 (CyclemyS)...-.sseeesscvees 00:0.0:0:0.00 sooul GyCUT ae oo acekeevehesions o teelilie elel el ejeieneneneere rater tt (Cyclura) ..... cece ccc eecce reer cccces 44 Cyrtodactylus........ cece cece eeees 32 (DAMON AY) Foe everer sie! sic) +110 eye oie) Dickexeteterenerenenenst lel: Dendrobates..........+20-- SOO OOOO 6.000 2 DerMateMyS....eeeeereeeecreceees Siemoe opto: Dermochelys.......eeeececrecccccees 5078) DAMA ene rel leks cheietovelcielicislch el sleleloleteetenerexoietelce 65 (Dipsochelys).........-2+06. GOOGO'OD O 14 Discoglossus....... IONIC A.Glosajo-010.0-0 5 (Discophus).......eeeesees nO 06800 5000 0) DACA CMA yerenciolere rc ieleleycNelerelovenens O00:00-0010:0.0 48 DryMarchon.......ccccsscseeessesoces -64 Dyscophus......sseeeeeee OOD o00 o0a00000 6 Elachistodon...... OHO TES COO CEORCRCECIG 0 64 Eleutherodactylus.......... scateusvenerarte 50.08) (ENygZrus)).c. cere ec meses crvice ssc 50.0 OF) Epicrates....cesssccccescvcccccsces D0 Eretmochelys......-+ceceeeees viet s siekeremere dL: Erymnochelys.....e0cscccccces SieneeeEsnetone 25 EryX...eeseeeoes cCODDUOODDDDOOCOCODONN 57 EULYCOEQ. cece cece cece creer cseccccocs 9 (BUEYCOA) nce ccc cece eres cece esecce 10 PSUS La Good da F010 0D OOOO DUO OD DIDO UDO 59 Fer-de-lance.... 2... cece cccscccvvcres 67 Ferretet....... sifenevelfe\ sieleseiere slevoker sioienslietsters 5 JSILEN EVE) iaig5 cG.00 OO 0.0 OOD DOO OOIOOIGIOOIG 19 Frog, Amazonian Poison-arrow.......... 4 Frog, Andean Poison-arrowW..........2-- 4 Frog, Anthony's Poison-arrow.........- 4 Frog, Archey's....... ielevexsieiie srellelielislelierelie 6 BOG), BAW = DAW aie sic cree ieee es see sere eiels 7 Frog, Beautiful-breasted Poison-arrow.4 Frog, Blue, Poison-arrow..........++-+- 2) Frog, Blue-bellied Poison-arrow....... 3 Frog, Brilliant-thighed Poison-arrow..3 Frog, Brother Niceforo's Poison-arrow.3 Frog, Conondale Gastric-brooding...... 7 Frog, Demonic Poison-arrow.........+-- 4 Frog, Dyeing Poison-arrow.........-+.-- 4 Frog, Emerald Poison-arrow............ 4 Frog, Eungella Gastric-brooding....... 7 Frog, Fijian Ground............+..see- 7 Frog, Flaming Poison-arrow.......... gat Frog, Gardiner's Seychelles........... 8 Frog, Giant Poison-arrowW....-.-eeeeees 7 Frog, Golden........eeeeeeeeereccccees 1 Frog, Golden Cocqui.......+eeeeeeeeees 6 Frog, Golden Poison-arrow.........--.- 2 Frog, Golfoduicean Poison-dart........ 5 Frog, Goliath.............-- pac ogQ0n00 7 Frog, Granular Poison-arrow........... 3 Frog, Green PoisoOn-arrow......+-eeeees 2 Frog, Hamilton's..........- sroleretolenenenenels 6 Frog, Hochstetter'sS....-.seeeeeeeeeecs 6 Frog, Illinois GoeparGoossasoocdnoncus0®) Frog, Israel Painted........+.+eeeeeee5 Frog, Italian Agile.........sseeseeeeeT Frog, Lake Junin (Giant)..........+.--- 6 Frog, Lovely Poison-dart......... poo OS) Frog, Marbled Poison-arrow.......-.--- 2 Frog, Orange and Black, Poison-dart...5 Frog, Peruvian Poison-arrow...........4 Frog, Phantasmal Poison-arrow......... 5 Frog, Pine Barrens Tree.......++-+++++-- 5 Frog, Platypus..... goo oc 00d0K do0doo0S 7 Frog, Pleasing Poison-arrow........-.-. 2 Frog, Red and Black Poison-arrow......3 Frog, Red and Blue Poison-arrow....... 4 Frog, Red-banded Poison-arrow......... 3 Frog, Reticulated Poison-arrow......-.- 4 Frog, Ruby Poison-arrow......-+-++-++> 4 Frog, Sanguine Poison-arrow.....---+-- 5 Frog, Seychelle Islands Tree.......- --6 Frog, Seychelles........-..- soouconenK Frog, Six-fingered......... SPOR CHOICE OTA Frog, Splash-backed Poison-arrow......3 Frog, Splendid Poison-arrow......-+---- 4 Frog, Spot-legged Poison-arrow.......- 4 Frog, Strawberry Poison-arrow......... 4 Frog, Thomasset's Seychelles.......... 8 Frog, Three-striped Poison-arrow......5 Frog, Tiger......sseeeessceecccecccees 8 Frog, Turquoise-bellied Poison-arrow. .3 Frog, Vegas Valley Leopard............ 7 Frog, Yellow-banded Poison-arrow...... 3 Frog, Yellow-bellied Poison-arrow.....3 Frog, Yellow-striped Poison-arrow..... 5 Frog, Zetek's Golden......... gocdocoe o2! (GRAS ASO) GocoocugHonG000G eieKehenokeeehensions 37 Gailillotitlacey-reqetetoncusrcl sie) siclioicleleibioneionelslecoreiele 45 Gambelia....... SOG0D0G00D0O0O0ODDC OUD 44 Gav ilanlprarcnenereasieneionsherereucionenelcielesheloteloven ier 32 Gawaltallea'Shrecvencbereiieieie) skelleh elle) shoterenelcnoletsielisxelele 32 Gecko, Abbott's Day...... SOTO O06 go Goce Gecko, Andaman Day.........-eeeeeeeees 32 Gecko, Barefoot......... Gobo 06 Solano o 32 Gecko, Gold-dust Day...... euchonereno chorale 33 Gecko, Madagascar Day............ soos) Gecko, Mauritius Greater Day......... 33 Gecko, Reticulated Velvet............ 32 Gecko, Rodrigues Day........-++eseees 33 Gecko, Round Island Day..............- 33 Gecko, Serpent Island...... shekolisicdelausers 32 Gecko, Side-striped Day.............. 33 Gecko, Spotted Day..... Sees ewe eeceee dd Geochelone......... ob0oNO0S Go d0on0 ». 13 (GEOCHeOne)) rie fe ete) choke laveevetelolelioke oe el sielie) 14 Geoclemys....... a0 00 b.7O000 20000 OO dd bll Geoemyda........ 56 GOGO ODOOOO GO eusweloi eke lal: (Geoemyda) ... cece cece ee eee eee e ee eene 12 Gerrhonotus....... 90000-00,0 cocoon odnDo od) Ghratralalirerenene: siensieverens A Ot Oar COO OD OGO 32 Gharial, False....... 00'0:0-0:0:0-0 60000006 31 Gharial, Malayan......... MolerenelerNerenst a Gilboya. 0.0... cece ees Bieenerener aekekenronerohen 55 (GigantOrana) ee reece ere rere eeeeveeeees 7 Gila Monster............- Soo oDoOOOG ODES) Gongylomorphus........... Aigaca0s 200 0 49 (Gongylophis)........ ase Vanuiie Tovedegousteuousxeuans 58 Gopherus.... cc ececccccscccrrrrcccccce 15 GrapteMyS.... eee cess ser eeceevecee So onkit Hamadryad.......ceecsccscesens etenoretols 67 Heloderma....... s0000 00000 mab GoImo5 0 OU) (HEOSEMYS) 2... eee eee eee eee eee eens 11 HEOSEMYS. 2... ccc c cscs cscs rrr csesene 6 nal HOMOPUS... eee eecresesscescrscvcce oo o2ts) Hoplocephalus.........ceeeecreecccees 66 Hydrodynastes.......eeeee Sdododan0oo De Hydromantes..... cece ccccececreccccees 9 Hydrosaurus. .....cecessrccess SOObGOO0 35 Hilla erevencterelei elie lovelies (oh she isiiefe ee leioliebevieenslloie sikelele 5 PPUANA. 2 oe cece ee ers rescsevee 45 Iguana, Acklin's Ground.............. 44 Iguana, Andros Ground..........+-.-- ~44 Iguana, Andros Rock.......cseeccssees 44 Iguana, Anegada Ground........ FO0.0:00 6 44 Iguana, Bahamas Rock.......... po O00 44 Iguana, Barrington Land..... SO0Gdo000 44 Leiuanay, BaTesch Nshwctterscvers Wevcleterotete ciehore 44 Iguana, Cayman Islands Ground........ 44 Mp Waal COMMON axaterevecosekenorerclotoloictetencyerencncas 45 iigsuana),. Cuban’ Grounds... «<«.. cle ocle stele 44 Lewanal, PasjaBaride diy .joccte «isle leteleieole lo ate 43 Mig wana, Pisi de Crest e dieicyerereraieie) eteveretetete tats 43 Iguana, Galapagos Land............. 44 Iguana, Galapagos Marine............. 43 Migtanialy, Greemelevere cue sic se ices oetierets 600.0L) Iguana, Hispaniolan Ground........... 44 mewana\, Jamaica: (Grounds)... 1ocetetetsielcle ls 44 MSWAN Ay RHANOCE TOS): i= 44 Iguana, San Salvador Ground....... 72 44 Iguana, South Pacific Banded......... 43 Iguana, Turks and Caicos Ground...... 44 iguana, Watling Tsland)./..).. 3c. ~ +44 Iguana, White Cay Ground............. 44 INPUT ATA PTAC DUSi. 1 (01/0 1o! oe 10) s\rolieel/elle) etlenele ielenelere 64 HNIC EAMACIG Gao GO OAD O OOO OO COOOTGUOdOC 16 AEE AES 5 GoGo ROO OR COD ODE ADO OOO oC OOdd 48 KEYNES 6 oon baDODOCdOODODOOCOUOODODNN 12 Keelback, Chequered................0.- 65 Keeliback,) Oliviericr ce. «ccc DoOMoOCaOOOD 63 LGM oMooagacongoDbUOOUObGOOGOC So0000 16 RELTTOSICS EM OM enaisreiieyoieosalioreiovelroleleveyeteraierers ciate 10 (Hellabercina))iey-verotevetoyaleiel(oielciiatoneleletanenere corer 35 KOMOGOMD EAP OMleyenel ote reilers clojleiensirelafeienerclclonel aie 52 (LACETEEEY) 6 oo0dodgd0DoO0Ubb OOD aDDODODNRDC 46 PAYEE G56 G00d000000000 sc0c000000 0d ME AERO D A Chiereteieie stele isievolerolelelonoleleraiereieneiene 23 Leiolopisma........ SdoodcO OOD NGODDODS 49 CMO PCM Mayeneneteleneleleloleholorelloreke oleate ohevelenelane 6 Mepa! COCKE Shiei.rclelelel/ cloveiorclie! seve slelelelcenentee. (TESIEUS AS) ) aaa tere scarerrole is see -ay sivailoy ova teva ovevenevereene 59 LSA NEES GGoocOCadDoC Cad EOCEC ODO 59 ISS s 6oc00ondOGDaDONDODUDOOGDODNUG 24 Lizard, African Large-grain.......... 50 Lizard, African Small-grain.......... 52 Lizard, Agra....... sH0uGc0CGGG0000000 51 ibsiyaeueals IyaeVvlercls o oo aogaudoagd0dd0UD0RQ00 49 Za Oee Bells Sm Dab Dire creleieleireronehelelersicnsiene 35 Lizard, Bengal..... Lede couches eteleterereiuseneke 51 Lizard, Bengal Black............. oo ool Lizard, Bhagdad Small-grain.......... 51 Lizard, Black Legless.............+.6- 49 Lizard, Black Spiny-tailed........... 35 Lizard, Blue-spotted Girdled......... 46 Lizard, Blunt-nosed........... Merete othe jLilvevel, (GEbIEING SogogKG0GdopoOOOOObDDDE 48 ibplveiresl, (OGUYEONNEE 5566500000 00000000 0 Lizard, Coachella Valley Fringe-toed.45 Lizard, Common Girdled........... aren el) bizar, Crested: ..... a6 na000¢ 500 0.0e) jisigzesacl, DEVS aoocon00b00000 600000000 oe) 113 PZaArayy DEA LOM ec. erlereretel eel crelerekeds) cists ++ 48 Lizard, Egyptian Spiny-tailed....... -35 Lizard Eyed \DabDis 1. cere ere sellers ene) sieeis 36 liplyzrgale, jualibeoplety 5 Goo ooHoOC OOO ODO OGaC 46 LPZAL A wUSiereteverovel en oveverotevenoicvetctonevevevenovere 50 jill, WIC Aiss 500 6000000000 DOU OOO OD 51 Lizard, Giant Girdled..............++46 Lizard, Hardwick's Spiny-tailed...... 35 Lizard, eHierroGiant.sis cece crete ce cls 45 limiezydol, Ti haNyopon00DO00 0000000 KN O0000U 35 Giza deeb zae Wales scare eeicrole: crexerevencrsueke 46 Lizard, Indian oval-grain............ 50 Lizard, Indian small-grain........... 50 Lazard) slstand INteh tiaras -rercuiorcneeele 35 WSUZAT AG Via soc) cee cele cle cus crete FEO DOD OOD Lizard, Lawrence's Girdled........... 46 Lizard, Leaf-nosed...... Sisveualezeisersenshes 35 Lizard, sbidttords: Wales. s.cecec ce 46 Lazard) (LOEGPDeEEDY aie 210/610 eles ieee «+. 46 DiZard NO =Ma Teleco lelerescstei crs) eleiie eves sce 53) Lizard, "Ornate! DabDm en. «ee cle cis 6 30 Lizard, Panamint Alligator........ 2+ 49 Lizard, Peer's Girdlled......0..2-< aomoltd/ Lizard, Penang...... CoCdN Goo OODDGDOL 50 Lizard’, Plain .c26 Se od stew esis S.cOO 0 SS} LWiZaKnd, (RAC] Rs se iis eves cuece Saisie a0 88 50 Lizard, Ring......... pUOdQDobOO ODDO OCLs iar) aah Frits aye ees sa/ eval erarsetet eeseencve: sievete 35 Lizard, San Diego Horned............. 45 Lizard, San Joaquin Leopard.......... 44 liizardiySoa=Soa) Water. oie. «6 states 161616 35 Tizard St. Croix Ground’. << sence ee ce 48 UatZalr dee Latlia GO .Aye61 cictes:001-<) 1 «/sicllee none ct'e -50 Lizard, Tasman's Girdled.......... a0 ott MSZ ay TIS © Cy sttericy oiler elicrciie\'oi-oi.e\ crore ecovskeneusvevere 53 Ine yu NSEVla Gaon ccobopaaconoGOUDGdDODS 18 TOXOCSMUS iayeyreyoioles ol ol siciouorel ey cies st elev onsiiolcesiene 59 Tete hneyersvedenen ete o)cxetee auelieialic\ sleds’ eiieVeelcheyeveloner ore 23 Macroscincus..... DOO ODODO DODO ODOOOOS 49 Malacochersus........ SOCOOOO00 CODDU ODI Man Our rte eye: aieio: oh oie: aie orci varstoiiss os: er aekenene sstens 17 Maisie CU aC feieie) ciere elle leloxclicr elle! leucl ere SOOD DCO COLE) Ma'siteecophiisteyerepaers 59 (amethistinus, Python).............. -59 ammodytes, Vipera......... ACO OuOO0000 68 anchvetae, \Chamgelico'. 21. (eieiic «cle elelerele 37 anchietae, Python.................06. 61 andamanensis, Phelsuma............... 32 (andersoni punctata, Lissemys)....... 24 ANnGernsonilis) Hydlater. ciclo s cleiclels/eleee (eis foie nD angeli, Chamaeleo..............00000s 37 Cangeutir Rue F ere) icsieteeie torso ole eleie ere ier 37 anguinus, Proteus...... KOGdGDO ODOC OC 10 angulata, Chersina...........ceeeeee0, aS (angulata, Testudo)...........e.ee0e. 13 angulifer, Epicrates..........ecceeee 56 angustipons, Kinosternon............. 10 annamensis AnnaMemyS........+eeeeeeeee akal (annulata, BOa)....... cece eee eevens 56 annulatus, Corallus. . 2. 23. ce celles ose 56 anthonyi, Dendrobates.........-+eeeeee 2. antimena, Chamaeleo...........eeee00% 37 (antimenake EUred fer) micieircc es erererreneieis 37 antongilii, Dyscophus....... % SIOICEOIC 6 apaporiensis crocodilus, Caine -.28 (apaporiensis sclerops, Caiman)...... 28 arabicus), Chamaelieo. <2... .e- - = 38 arachnoides, PyxisS..........eseeeeeee 17 arboreus, Dendrobates..............+-. 2 archeyi, Leiopelma............ssseeee -6 areolatus, Homopus........-eeeeeeceees 5 aridus, Batrachoseps....... 00 D00 oo10-o08) asmussi, Uromamastyx........ DO COO0 QOL) asper, Bothrops....... DOOD OO okeleholetorewe 67 (asper, EMyZrus)......eeeeeeeeeeeeees 55 aspera, Candoia..........+seeeeeeeeee 55 astriata, Phelsuma...... SOOO O06:000-60 32 (ater spinifera, Apalone)............ 25 (ater spiniferus, Trionyx)........... 25 Ee ben whalohp pucoOUUCOUOUUD OO OUD 00000 25 atriceps, BrachyaspisS...............- 66 auratus, Dendrobates.........eeeeceeee 2 aurotaenia, Phyllobates..............- 5 atriceps. BrachyaspiS.............e- 66 azureus, Dendrobates......s..c.ssesces 2} (baelopha, Cyclura)..........-.-.+-.- 44 baileyi, Thermophis.............. S00 005) (balteatus bifidus, Chamaeleo)....... 37 balteatus, Chamaeleo............. eae 58 (balteatus, Furcifer)........ Peletensretele 11 DaEbouri,, HUNEGEES ee. < <)eicc ee senor eierere 32 barbouri, GraptemysS.... eee eeees 11 Daw~bourds PPHeMUSUMAlsre-jelerclevelelciefeiezereieie she 32 baska, Batagur.......cecceceeecccroes akal bassleri, Dendrobates.........sseccece 2 battersbyi, Tropidophis.............. 62 befotakensis, Phelsuma............ 332 belalandaensis, Chamaeleo............ 37 (belalandaensis, Furcifer)........... 37 beliilanaly Kearmacysiyere ooo eneie 2) enokeieiers) eueieie 16 bengalensis, VaranuS...............-- 50 benti, Uromastyx....... Sa6000 0 OaKIOG BOSS) bergeri, Homopus.......ceecccccseeees 15 berlandieri, Gopherus........ Risieiereite 15 (berlandieri polyphemus, Gopherus)...15 (berlandieri, Scaptochelys).......... 15 (berlandieri, Xerobates)........ oro o otk (berus bornmuelleri, Vipera)......... 68 bibroni, Candoia......... D000 00006000 55 (bibroni, Enygrus)........ccccccrcees 55 DLCoOloOr,, LOXOCEMUS!: << « «.c1016 « aie loleie «socio 59 bicolor, Phyllobates............ Sisveterene 5 bifidus, Chamaelieos. « o...s1. 12 0. te csi oe 37 (DEE duis PRUETT) ereicio sie cvere ehoiensre Sele sih bilineatus, Agkistrodon.............. 67 (bimaculata, Phelsuma).............. 34 bitaeniatus, Chamaeleo......... 40,39,37 (bivittatus, molurus, Python)........ 61 (Divattatds,, Varanu's))e\., «6101+» ouelele) elelete 53 blainvillei coronatum, Phrynosoma....45 (boa, Bothrochilus)........ SouOOdoODN 59 (boa, Liasis) ics sce c secs ccens 59 boa, Morelia....... SQobeoo ODOC DAU COOS 59 ((oyoywiiels IEICE) So gadebooouGD OO COOOL 59 pDoeWlenineMOTelllacpercrcrelereteneretelsnenetonctenoters 59 (boeleni, Python)..........-scccsecee 59 (boettgeri, Calumma)....... Rysteleneucionerets 37 boettgeri, Chamaeleo...............-- 37 (boljieri Scellote’si)eiervereye.-jetore hek-ferenos tale 49 bojerii, Gongylomorphus..............- 49 bolivianus, Dendrobates.......... emeretenere, bombetes, Dendrobates..........e2se00- 2 (borbonica cepediana, Phelsuma)...... 33 Dorbonical, Pheil'stimats sijoc 26:6, «oer «rene. e) 16 33 (Doreasvexswls (BE) ie.) .0.:c15 avs) 0 leis: ereverey eves 1 boreds meson’, SBULO rete «010.1 sleie- 0) 6: 010c010.% st Dorneensa's Or tla rere a) 2h ever oevevercvexeiexe 12 borneoensis, Callagur...............6. 11 bornmuel Vers MIVA PTAs e616 01<101s)o10l01 +, «10re) 16 68 (bornmuelleri xanthina, Vipera)...... 68 DoOttae/ Charinareycteleiotetelelcieicse s Bitie-ciereve 56 boullengerd, Dendrobates..... 2.20004. 2 poullengeri.) HHOMOPUS\)-) cicicieis-\creleleiss cice.¢ 15 boullengeri, pTrachyboa\s curtus, Python.......eeeeeeeereeecees 61 cychlura, Cyclura............--eeeees 44 dahli, PhrynopS......--eeseeesecccees 28 damaranum, Bradypodion..............- 36 davidiwanus, Andrias:.). <2. <0 6 occ cic ciee 13 (davidianus Megalobatrachus).......... 9 (decorata stejnegeri, Trachemys)..... 13 decorata, Trachemys........-+seeeeeee 13 delicatissima, Iguana............-... 45 (deloustali, Mesotriton)...... 5O0D000 10 (deloustali, Paramesotriton)......... 10 denticulata, Geochelone.............. 14 depressa, Chelonia..... islelolclalletetelsdenonen) 19 depressa, HeOSeMyS......--++eeeeeeeee 12 (depressa, Natator).......+++ee0- Soo oLl) depressus Sternotherus......... CREE CRON CHRO 10 deremenssise Chamaeleon. seis o cceiccls eels esiclte < 38 deschauensee? ; Eunectes. «<< ...c5< 2 oc es sie 58 dilastema ny MicrunuSe mess cs. cer esis 6s ete a 66 dilepis, Chamaeleo........... GOO TOOD OOOe 42,39 Ghigpybe, Aiairciss | doapodonbuoduduocOUUnGaG 35 (donosobarrosi, Geochelone)................ 14 dracomontanum, Bradypodion................. 36 dubidas Phe lisumae cicie c.2 a5 2.2 1c 2 oo tote etetete eis islets lote 33 dunerd Lip eAcrantophiisz=a. a. oe serene eee eee ee 54 (dumeriliana, Pettocephalus)........ ateletetenetrZO (dumeriliana, Podocnemis).............cceee 26 dumerilianus, Peltocephalus................ 26 dunerAliaseAmbystomace es enc sekicieciccice ee cicicr 8 dumerilii dumerilli, Ambystoma.............. 8 dumeradia WiaranuS itn seis aise ctsie siete «ee lere lovers 50 dunni® eKinosternonen.ts.< 6s «cence erent 10 dunissusteCrotalusi- sen os sso eee eee 68 (duseni ts) Lup inamb's))<< s\sisico re lelsicie/e eleieiere eee 27 Cxsul) eBULO. lies cere Mevoler shetehene iether cacou onl exsul, Epicrates........ OO OOO LOI OOO OIOn BY/ (fallax SCaltimma) es mci ors tieles eels om v's ete oe See 39 fallax, Chamaeleo......... ERO REC ECROR STROH RRS 39 fantasticus,, Dendrobates.~...2 sss. e.ccee 3 faseciata, Nerodiak << oc. 2 .s.sc ceca. dd oadod HS fasciatus, Brachylophus............... oco00'S} (eae we Chamacilico) ic iecicies-ole.cs-e cree ieee miele oe 41 feicki, Tropidophis......... Bickotocons cnnlcna cack -62 (EedaishmePsSeudemy.s)))-rerscreieiersicisicieereieiecieielereieheicle 13 felis terrapen, Trachemys.............+++..13 femoralis, Dendrobates..........+eee0- OREO femoralis, Homopus............. CRIM irtcr ies 15 (figginsi, Cyclura)............ niet enevele ea ecerers 44 filfolensis filfolensis, Podarcis.......... 46 (filfolensis filfolensis, Lacerta)....... 46 (fischeri, Bradypodion)....... Bia Se ieisie eer evece 39 PFSCHe Ie CHAMACW COM cycpetsienel esi ctelel erelelerei ele ele ofc 39 filisheisis) MRAN Ay useusiere cher 36 haetianus, Tropidophis............... 63 hainanensis, Cistoclemmys............ 11 hamilitonis Slediopellmal. <1... s felsic e one 6 (hama eons) sDamoaniiia’)); «os ms lsieis'« «1 «6 11 hamiltonii, Geoclemys................ 11 (hammondi couchi, Thamnophis)........ 65 hammondi, Thamnophis................. 65 hannah, Ophiophagus......... ahi ers eiee 67 hardwickiil, Wromastyx. <<... -meccces< 35 Narterni= jNe rod tae a4 jase s a ecoie sks ierers eh eccne 65 hermanni, Testudo........... sveevesekeiene 18 Nexadacbyslay Ran alsa eicia/cl-\ogiel-v oheiciorcleleieiele 7 histrionicus, Dendrobates............. 3 hochstetteri, Leiopelma......... aod 6 Noehneladis Chamaelieo).. . 6.266600 si0 ois 40 hogei, Phrynops........... COC GOOOHOOO 28 homeana, KinixyS..........eeseeeeees 1°6 horridum, Hellodermas. <<<. « lcs. sts 49 (horsfieldii, Agrionemys)............ 18 Morse lass se eLesS LUGO. ce crores eo lele lel ele ile 18 (homtwllanay PBOA)) 1. 1-61 oie e)=1<) 010 5650 60080 (hortulanus® iCoralllus))\cc ic. cesalele «00 els) 56 houstonensis), Bufo..c.c00..0.06. atecaveteneue 1 hubrichti, Phaeognathus........ crevesnetoue 9 (hurum, Aspideretes).......-.eeeeeeee 25 bain, Weal peonocg00bobUOUOdUT PRC ONO RAD hyperythrus, Cnemidophorus........... 48 Apiganaly Hep wanaeters ele a o/- + el ele eles *)eelels ols 45 illinoensis streckeri, Pseudacris..... 6 imbricata, Eretmochelys.............. 21 (impressa, Geochelone)........ 60.00 6008s impressa, Manouria........... Sleletercteotely AnNeCOENUtLUS) Ghamaeleol.. < « .. s6 ss) 40 indicus, Melanobatrachus.............- 6 shackles, WEbeenits oaaoenooobnoocdocdDoG 51 (infrarufus, Megalixalus)..... Sb000060 6 ingeri, Dendrobates.......... Bekotchelsray cas 3 (inornata, Cyclura)...... ab000u08 eevee th. imornata, Uma.......seeeeeees SOOBb6ODE 45 inornatus, Epicrates............- Socom insculpta, Carettochelys............. 24 insubricus fuscus, Pelobates.......... 7 insularis, Bothrops..... BODO COOOL 67 insularum sipedon, Nerodia........ 56 a(S} intermedius, Crocodylus............-. 30 jacksonii, Chamaeleo........++--++-++-- 40 jaculus, ETryxX......see ee ee cere ee eeees 58 japonicus, AndriasS.......--+++eeeeeeees 9 (japonicus Megalobatrachus)........... 9 jasperi, Eleutherodactylus............ 6 jayakari, EryX.......ssseee cece eeeeee 58 johnii, Eryx......-s eee e cece e eee ceeee 58 johnsoni, Crocodylus..........+-++-+-- 30 johnstoni, Chamaeleo.......-+-+--+++--- 40 (jonesii, Cordylus)........-+-+--- 47,46 kachuga, Kachuga.......++++- siaion.oomo cdl karlschmidti, Varanus.........---+++- 51 karroicum, Bradypodion.........--+-++-+- 36 (karroicum ventrale, Bradypodion)....36 kaznakovi, Vipera.......--.--++eeeeeees 68 kempii, Lepidochelys.........-+++-+eee- 22 (kinetensis bitaeniatus, Chamaeleo)..40 kinetensis, Chamaeleo...........---+- 40 kingorum, Varanus......-.eeeeeeeeeees 52 kleinmanni, Testudo.........-eeeeeeee 18 komodoensis, Varanus.....----+eeeeeeee 52. labialis, Dendrobates.........-+seeee- 3 labordi, Chamaeleo........--.seeeeeee 40 (labordi, Furcifer)........+ssseeeeeee 40 (labordi rhinoceratus, Chamaeleo)....40 lacertinus, Crocodilurus............. 48 lancelini, Ctenotus..........+-2--+--- 49 langi, Pseudocordylus.........+++-++- 47 larselli, Plethodon..............+-20- 9 Jatastei, Rama.......cccsesccccssscsece 7 lateralis, Masticophis............ OD lateralis, Chamaeleo.........-2ee-eee 40 (lateralis, Furcifer)...............- 40 laterispinis, Chamaeleo..........-..-. 40 laticauda, Phelsuma.............--e0- 33 latifii, Vipera...... evetorcicreieterarctenererere 68 latwrostris, Caiman....2.....006-s-5 29 lawrencei, Cordylus..........+..++0-- 46 lebetina, Vipera........-..--- Ee eens 68 lehmanni, Dendrobates........-+-eeeee- 3 leonardi, Anomochilus............-e-- 54 lermaense Ambystoma........eeeeeeeeeee 8 (lermaensis, Ambystoma).............-. 8 leucomelas, Dendrobates........--++eee- 3 lewyana, Podocnemis...........-. aorenenerait leytensis, HeosemyS.........+-+++- oon v4 liberiensis, Nectophrynoides.......... il (liberiensis, Nimbaphrynoides)........ al Vitfordi, Podarcis. .. 0. wee ewe eee 46 Vineatal Phelsuma.........-.ccccccces 34 (Winota, Calumma).2... cc cccescrcecse 40 linotus, Chamaeleo........ AOI OIO CG 40 (longinsulae, Phelsuma)............-- 34 (lophoma, Cyclura)........seeeeeeeeee 44 loricatus, Uromastyx...........-es.e0- 35 lugubris, Phyllobates.............++-- 5 lusitanica, Chioglossa..............-. 10 macfadyeni, Uromastyx.............--+- 35 (mackllots eh -iasi's)) Rreeiecleicle «els lerererelorsters 60 MacCkWOti MOTE Eas scveveieieveve oi siictets lore alorors 60 (maeleayay WCyGliWiray) ec cave: cre «-0, «0% see's a's 44 macrocephala Acanthochelys...........27 (macrocephala Platemys).............. ZAUk Macrodactylum, Ambystoma.............. 8 macropholis;; Cordylus..........2%0% 46 macrostomus, Batrachophrynus.......... 6 maculatus, Dendrobates........ GOdOdGa.c 3 maculatus, Tropidophis............... 63 Maculosa, EMOTE aA eeisicce o.e letete aierere tore 60 madagascariensis, Acrantophis........ 54 madagascariensis, Erymnochelys....... 25 madagascariensis, Phelsuma........... 34 (madagascariensis, Podocnemis)....... 25 madagascariensis, Sanzinia........... 62 malcolm, AlLtiphrynoddes))). «cele. + «a1 1 malcolmi, Nectophrynoides............. a (malioned, sChirySemy:s)))-/el le «10s elaiersie sieieie 13 (malonei, Pseudemys)..............6- 13 malonei stejnegeri, Trachemys........13 (malonei terrapen, Pseudemys)........ 13 (malithe,, Callumma))\< src. tee eles ce telarere ete 40 malls was (Gnenralengesgesooccoaudds0c04 40 Manganatal, eLeSCUAOs« 3.16, 0-0) 5.02 fe ietetelrere 18 Marshalls, Chamacleor..s ... + «cee sc cic 40 (marshalli, Rhampholeon)............. 40 (matogrossiensis crocodilus, Caiman) .29 Mawii, Dermatemys........-. siemetene Oreneitere lal maxima, MOrev da. ove. sob 0 01s eter. o-s 410 (0-0 60 (maximus, Liasis)......... siohetentevelterenedeite 60 melachTani,, Cordydusi.... 3.0.00. ccs 46 melanocephalum, Bradypodion.......... 36 melanocephalus, Aspidites............ 54 melanotus, Pseudocordylus............ 47 melanurus, Tropidophis.............. -63 mewleri, (Chamacleass ..c cc eve, cteic tere. 40s er 40 Mertens’, VATANUWS' so, 0.c.c core oie ole (o:'e reife teifete 52 mexicanum, Ambystoma.................. 8 microlepidotus, Pseudocordylus.......47 (microlepis, Uromastyx).............. 35 flip veieen ABs Swag oabDOOOUUOGLIOOOO 58 (mindorensis, Crocodylus)............ 30 mindorensis novaeguineae, Crocodylus.30 (minor, Sternotherus).............42- 10 minor, Chamaeleo...........0ee00+02++40 minor, Cordylus............... Riots teens is 46 (manor, Ewnew£er)) <<... 0.606 c1s.0 oleveverereciee 40 minutus, Dendrobates......... OCR CO ETO 3 minutus, Nectophrynoides.............. 1 mississippiensis, Alligator..... Syeeie2Ze Mitchel eVaArANUS sce sre er eletelclclstsieersreions 52 (mlanjensis, Bradypodion)............ 40 mlanjensis, Chamaeleo......... sccdco ol) modesta, Phelsuma.......... ioheteienereeues 34 molurus molurus, Python....... 5 OSI D.O0 61 molurus, Python...........---cccssecee 61 monachus, Chamaeleo.......... Bislevetetotenicel: monoceras Chamaeleo.............200-- 41 (monoceras, Furcifer)........-...eee6-- 41 monensis, Epicrates.........eeeeeeees 57 (monensis gracilis, Epricrates)...... 57 monensis, monensis, Epicrates........ 57 monensis, Typhlops.........seeeeeeees 54 (monitor, Varanus)........c.ceecrvees 50 monoceras, Chamaeleo..........-eeeeee 41 montium, Chamaeleo....... eke’ cHenexelscenenslexelcie moreletii, Crocodylus................ 30 MUCOSUS, PtyaS.....ecesescsssrerecees 65 muelleri, EryxX.....ceesccescrcrccece 58 muhlenbergii, Clemmys...............-- 11 muletensis, Baleaphryne.......ee+eee eed (muletensis, Alytes)..... eVareksmetene sushec oust multocarinata, Bolyeria.............. 55 murinus, Eunectes..... sicher ononencte so000008) Mustersi, Batrachuperus.............. 34 Mutabidis, Phelisumass cece ccc «© cre ee cole 19 mydas, Chelonia............ ehedone aoigsdeertonene 3 myersi, Dendrobates........... LOT TOC 3 mysteriosus, Dendrobates............. 66 Naja oxiana, Naja......eeesseeseeeees 66 meMiFs NEUES Goa ocdnomodEuaood sdereeusucuekeus 66 namaquensis, Chamaeleo....... Pe a ecieuenone 41 namaquensis, Cordylus............. “ee 40 nana, Eurycea........ ese eceeeccecccees 9 (nasuta, Bothrops)... 26. cc oe elise «eis 67 (nasuta, Calumma)...... encheneyhotenodsnesenss 41 nasutus, Bothrops..........-seeseeeee 67 nasutus, Chamaeleo........... BOO ROOD 41 (natalensis belliana, Kinixys)....... 16 natalensis, Kinixys.........cssecsess 16 (nebulosus, Varanus)....... Sa0 0600 5 oe) nemorale, Bradypodion................ 36 neomexicanus, Plethodon....... Prcdstestene (ot 9 nettingi, Plethodon.................. 10 (nettingi richmondi, Plethodon)...... 10 (mewtond) Phelsumas) cs. cee <1 oleiie olenelle oe 33 niger, Melanosuchus........... Sishevelousrst2O niger, Pelusios......... SOG ROO OU HOC SO CAl/ nigra pulchra, Anniella.............. 49 (nigricans, Aspideretes)............. 25 MNigricans, Triomyx.........sesescoees 25 nigristriatus, Phelsuma.............. 34 nigriventer, Discoglossus......... gooo8) nigriventris, Tropidophis............ 63 nigrocinctus, Micrurus.......ss.cese. 66 (nigropunctatus, Tupinambis)......... 48 niloticus, Crocodylus................ 30 MAM OPICWS:, WATANUS vers cjsleiscetersie area sewers 52 NOCACUS HUNECHESieraraterevenssterene cleteeta ede neie 59 novaeguineae novaeguineae, Crocodylus30 (novaeguineae, Crocodylus)........... 30 nuballayy Cy .cilluirarepree re + mchelole sl «/onedorelel helene 44 nummifer, Bothrops...... eGalyeea ates reueauomers 67 (nummifera, Bothrops).......-.-c-se0- 67 (nutapundie) pesitwdo)) ime creyet ono eteteli-loteie! « 47, occidentale, Bradypodion............. 36 (occidentale ventrale, Bradypodion)..36 occidentalis constrictor, Boa........ 55 occidentalis, Nectophrynoides......... 1 (occidentalis, Nimbaphrynoides)....... it OCCUliAtOr, SDENGTEODATESI).)., «+10, chelovcroro-evoncve 3 Ocel Matias IMOFeNTAS occ... c1c o/c: che FO dDOOL 12 Ocean tay RN edistimalsroctetelerc: hs. «) cleteyer. FOCUS: (ocellata, Rhoptropelilla)) <<< ie esesererecors 34 OcCeMMAtUS). UrOMma'S By sie ole) «: veel 2: sfcrereneyoievere 36 oculifera,, PSammobDates << ¢...0.<. 2 eevciexe serene aL7/ Oculiferal, (Grapeemysis s .\..< « 0:s:cleleisreysserere 12 (oeulaiferay, UResitudG))is..,.:<1-: UEOMASE Wx +. seein eee) eledoieielereiege 36 pullehray sAnnitellayrere sce ere ore ete ress oe etek 49 pulchripectus, Dendrobates............4 pumalilof PDenGrobate’s\: << <.'si0 « etete cieloie.s) 01 4 pumableish | Chamaeleon + a, +/+: telereicloweie 42 pumilum, Bradypodion... 2.5... ec eee 36 punctata punctata, Lissemys.......... 24 punctatus), “Sphenodon:. 2.2.2 cee os 32 pustulatus,, Cordylus. 2325-2 sie cme oe 47 pustulatus, Hydrosaurus.............4- 35 quadricornis, Chamaeleo...... 500-08 0.00 42 quadriocellata, Phelsuma............. 34 quilensis, Chamaeleo............... eee. quinquevittatus, Dendrobates.......... 4 HAGA CHR VA PE TAlstareispeleneielare cles ei cheke sneie ke rel= 68 (raddei xanthina, Vipera)............ 68 Tadilat a _GeOCheElOnCh 4.21 <1 «0 sees ome 14 TAaMSayaly) "ASP LGsCeS!\eicic «os 01elcrotsueic) ieietale 54 (wathbunil Kury.ceal)\-c 1. -reis.« eleteie so ean 10 rathbuni, Typhlomolge................ 10 rey, TAA Ns Soo do GDe CG UoOO SIO OOAs 61 TFeinhardtia Galabarday. «cerca 55 reticulata, (cdurasacn.- sce Siow’ reticulatus, Dendrobates.............. 4 reticulatus, Pythons secrete siereeneiereer 62 EOUULOEMTS 5) BULO mete ccs clea ele: eteieteie: eusialonerene iy rhinoceratus, Chamaeleo........... 40,42 (chinoceratus, Furcifer)..... sobo00 any rhodesianus, Cordylus........ soma 5S rhombi'fer,, Crocodyilllise «<1 stele) elolelsicys. 31 (eachmondisPlleEhodon) i)... «10 seers cree oe 10 paleertebis heIbiAs oma gascooacho0d56 [306 44 EAL eye (Cy CHUt aerepeierel «elelelerer rete reieiaierena one 44 @Gaiversiana, Klauberina) <<. 2.0.6 cc cr 5S) TAVETS TANNA) KANEUSTA\. «cis « is cucieiererere’s 35) robertmertensi, Phelsuma............. 34 robertsi, Pseudocordylus............. 47 MOOSCVEL CAS MPATIOLGlSispererelele ol cl oie) cle ctelshelerers 43 rosenbergi, Varanus. . 2 2. 6 6c secs ccc 52 (roseofusca, Lichanura).............. 59 rubida, Rhinoclemmys..............0.. 13 ruddocki flagellum, Masticophis...... 64 TUATCOM A SMVaATANUS. cio s.o sc creveieleorslereys 53 PIGS eC NAMA EO seis) cielo. c/s cc's) cvcleveretelenere 42 rufescens, Tupinambis. .: os. << ccc: 4 somalicus, EryxX.....eeeeee reset eeeeee 58 somuncurensis, Somuncuria............- 6 (somuncurensis, Telmatobius).......... 6 speciosus, Dendrobates.......-+++-++++- 4 spelaeus, Typhlotriton......-..-+++eees 10 spenceri, VaranusS......eeeeeeeereeees 53 spilota, Morelia.........-+-+-+++e+-ees 60 (spilotus, spilotus, Morelia)........ 60 (spilotus, Python).......++eseeeeeeee 60 (spinifera, Apalone).......++++eeeees 25 (spiniferus, Trionyx)...-.+-++-+++-+s- 25 (spinosa Geoemyda)......-++seeeee suayexoe 2) spinosa, HeOSeMyS.....-+eeeeeeeeeeees a2 (spinosum, Bradypodion).........-++-. 42 spinosus, Chamaeleo............ aan0d0c 42 spinosus, Pseudocordylus........--+++- 48 spixii, Acanthochelys.........-- S806 OA (spixii, PlatemysS).....-.e+eeeeeeeeee 28 standingi, Phelsuma........---+++-+--- 34 stebbinsi, Batrachoseps....... seoco0008) stejnegeri, TrachemyS........+++-+-+-- 13 steyermarki, Dendrobates.......-.-.--- 4 stimsoni, Morelia.......ssseeeeeeeees 60 stormi, Plethodon.........++seeeeeees 10 storri, VaranuS......eeseeceeees saVareetoS streckeri, PseudacriS........seeeeeees 6 striatus, EpicratesS........+++++-- 56,57 subcristatus, Conolophus...........-- 44 subflavus, Epicrates........+++-+-+++- 57 subrufa, Pelomedusa........-seeeeeees 26 (subviridis, Pseudocordylus)......... 47 sulcata, Geochelone...... Peo. Ae OOO 15 sundbergi, Phelsuma..... sla ec were yeawnelte rors 34 superciliaris, BufO.........+-+eeeeeees 1 suspectum, Heloderma..........-- OO) switaki, Anarbylus..........+.-+- 50.0082 (switaki, Coleonyx)........+eeeeeeees 32 taczanowskyi, Tropidophis............ 63 taeniabronchum, Bradypodion.......... 36 taeniata fasciata, Nerodia........... 65 (taronga, LiasisS).........++eeeeeeees 59 tasmani, Cordylus.........eeee ee eee Al Pataricus, EXYXe eed... seeoee 58 tecta tecta, Kachuga...........-+++e- 12 teguixin, Tupinambis.........++-+++e+- 48 telfairii, Leiolopisma............-.-- 49 tempeli, Chamaeleo.......-.+++++eees ~-42 tennentii, Ceratophora......... Sisuehrellsie 35 (tentoria, Testudo)...........+-eeeee 17 tentorius, Psammobates.......+s+eeeeee 17 (tenue, Bradypodion)..... BONO OOOO 43 tenuis, Chamaeleo...... SO OO A OOOO OOS (terrapen, Pseudemys)........ Mero 0245) terrapen, TrachemyS.......++ssseeeees 13 terribilis, Phyllobates..............-. 5 tetraspis, Osteolaemus...........+..- 31 tetrataenia sirtalis Thamnophis......65 thamnobates, Bradypodion.............36 thomalsiy Uromalsity Xie jereicie <1 c/clc.« ohelce oe <6 SO thomasseti, Nesomantis................8 ESP ONAN A MORAY Asi er elo ellete elelicvoleteic/eleiercrelee wie -8 GEaiprin aly RAn alse everelstolerelciersieroheleic e\oieieieciO tigrinum, Ambystoma...................9 Gesigrdis eC aliimmad) vareverelleiie: craic cllovelelone rs cre ele dsl CHAMBCWE Oc 2 1e\/sic cielo) cc lelaeus ie one) one 43 (Gimorensis); Python))\<70 01% «6.6 eciicls + 0 6 O02 EAimMOTensish VWaranudS.7< «0 cise cleiee cies DS timordiensiis,, (Python... <1. 6+ Meeks eas Oe tinctorius, Dendrobatesi.... o< «ce«c«cse«4 (opgianuws, “WaTAanuys))) <1 ce «0 okele siecle OS tornileri. Mabacochersus'. <6 «cw slew ss tornieri, Nectophrynoides.............2 (tracaxa, Peltocephalus).............26 transcaucasiana ammodytes, Vipera....68 transvaalense, Bradypodion...........36 (travancorica, Geochelone)...... S06 botE (tricarinata, Geoemyda)......... 5606.01l7 tricarinata, Melanochelys............12 (fmacarinatay, NNicortia))...<. «cine. U2 PE Collorm,) | DendroDaAte’s’. ov. \c 1c sei) ove elec! oo) trigonatus, Paleosuchus..... soogo2!) Pralineatar, PHelistmals .1. 1c c sete evel elele le 4 EUS Cal Sip AVIAITEATIUIS ete elo oho leilelleve) lis ekekercleteroiois DS triunguis, Trionyx........ 50000000 oeyeieD Ermivangata, la chianttral.. ow. + ete ~ sess DO rl vaittatap KaChKUP Alea sis cricle slciete >: scien tsle EDivittatus), Dendrobates. 1. Valeichig., jierebiniys 6oononouudboddoaGouulLl vitellinus, Rheobatrachus..... 6 CG OCIas Vitianus, Ogpmodon. oo. «c+ 0s 100 vitiensis, Brachylophus..............43 vitiensis, Platymantis............22+6/ vittatus, Phyllobates..........++2++2+9 vittifer, Cordylus....... afekolielerelroitonere nore Atil) viviparus, Nectophrynoides............ 2 vogli, PodocnemisS.........eeeeeeeeeee 27 wagneri, Vipera..........seeeeeeeeeee 69 warreni, Cordylus........eeeeeeeeeees 47 werneri, Chamaeleo.........-- AGG omog s werneri, Iguanognathus.........-. 722 64 westermanni, Elachistodon............ 64 wiedersheimi, Chamaeleo.............- 43 willardi, Crotalus.......ssecesesss 208 willsii, Chamaeleo.........eeeeeeeees 43 (willsii, Furcifer)........eeeeeeeeee 43 (wislizenii, Crotaphytus)....... eee joist wrighti, Tropidophis..........-++----- 63 (xanthina, Vipera)........-+seeeeee ..-68 (xenorhinum, Bradypodion)............ 43 xenorhinus, Chamaeleo............-.--- 43 (yacare, Caiman)........-eeeeeeeeeees 29 yacare crocodilus, Caiman............ 29 yniphora, Geochelone........... aie felteisente 15 yunnanensis, Cu0ra.......s-eeeeeeeeee 11 (yunnanensis, Cyclemys)........-++--- 11 zaparo, Mendrobatcesines « cic elsvele ile cielereeneD (zarudnyi, TestudoO)..........eeeeeeee 17 zeylanicus, Chamaeleo.......++++-- 43,38 zeylanicus chamaeleon, Chamaeleo..... 43 (zuliae, Batrachemys).........+-.--2+e- 28 zuliae, PhrynopS.........seeeeeeeees 28 138 The Nature Conservancy Council is the body responsible for advising Government on nature conservation in Great Bnitain. Its work includes the selection, establishment and management of National Nature Reserves; the selection and management of Marine Nature Reserves; the identification and notification of Sites of Special Scientific Interest; the provision of advice and dissemination of knowledge about nature conservation; and the support and conduct of research relevant to these functions. This is one of a range of publications produced by Publicity Services Branch. A catalogue listing current titles is available from Dept RCL, Nature Conservancy Council, Northminster House, Peterborough PE] 1UA. an NATURE CONSERVANCY COUNCIL ISBN 0 86139 465 8 © NCC 1988