YEARBOOK i 4 CO bed — Bat Pil Bl. LAL ESS DEPARTMENT OF pea teres te tS FYB, WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1919 [CHAPTER 23, Stat. L., 1895.] * * te * [AN ACT Providing for the public printing and binding and the distri- bution of public documents. ] * * * * * Section 73, paragraph 2: The Annual Report of the Secretary of Agriculture shall here- after be submitted and printed in two parts, as follows: Part One, which shall contain purely business and executive matter which it is necessary for the Secretary to submit to the Presi- dent and Congress; Part Two, which shall contain such reports from the different Bureaus and Divisions, and such papers pre- pared by their special agents, accompanied by suitable illustra- tions, as shall, in the opinion of the Secretary, be specially suited to interest and instruct the farmers of the country, and to include a general report of the operations of the Department for their information. There shall be printed of Part One, one thousand copies for the Senate, two thousand copies for the House, and three thousand copies for the Department of Agriculture; and of Part Two, one hundred and ten thousand copies for the use of the Senate, three hundred and sixty thousand copies for the use of the House of Representatives, and thirty thousand copies for the use of the Department of Agriculture, the illustrations for the same to be executed under the supervision of the Public Printer, in accordance with directions of the Joint Committee on Printing, said illustrations to be subject to the approval of the Secretary of Agriculture; and the title of each of the said parts shall be such as to show that such part is complete in itself, ORGANIZATION OF U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. CoRRECTED TO JuLy 1, 1919. Secretary of Agriculture, DAavip FRANKLIN Houston. Assistant Secretary of Agriculture, CLARENCE OUSLEY. Assistant to the Secretary, Froyp R. HARRISON. Assistant to the Secretary, Atonzo HE. Taytor. Solicitor, Wir~t1amM Martin WILLIAMS. Office of Farm Management, Henry C. Taytor, Chief. Chief Clerk, R. M. REEsE, Appointment Clerk, P. L. GLapMon. Expert on Exhibits, F. LAMSoN-ScRIBNER, Office of Information, HARLAN SmirH, Chief. Weather Bureau, CHartes F. Marvin, Chief. Bureau of Animal Industry, Joan R. Mouter, Chief. Bureau of Plant Industry, Wm. A. TaAyror, Plant Physiologist and Pathologist and Chief. Forest Service, Henry 8S. Graves, Forester and Chief. Bureau of Chemistry, Cart L. AtsBere, Chemist and Chief. Bureau of Soils, Mirron WHITNEY, Soil Physicist and Chief. Bureau of Entomology, L. O. Howarp, Entomologist and Chief. Bureau of Biological Survey, EpwAarp W. NE son, Biologist and Chief. Division of Accounts and Disbursements, A. ZAPPONE, Chief and Dis- bursing Clerk. Division of Publications, Epwy B. Retin, Chief. Bureau of Crop Estimates, LEon M. Estasroor, Statistician and Chief. States Relations Service, A. C. TRuE, Director. Bureau of Public Roads, THoMAas H. MacDona.p, Chief. Bureau of Markets, Georce Livineston, Acting Chief. Librarian, CLariBeEL R. BARNETT. Insecticide and Fungicide Board, J. K. HAaywoop, Chairman. Federal Horticultural Board, C. L. MArtarr, Chairman. CONTENTS. Dent) DICCROUALY 042.50 -boe eA Bole ds ele spar! lose The Black Stem Rust and the Barberry. By E. C. Stakman........ Catt!e Loans and their Value to Investors. By Charles §. Cole .....- Better Poultry Through Community Breeding Associations. By EEN a ca AG > saa wi ie nee sapien ee we ae Composition and Food Value of Bottled Soft Drinks. By J.W. Sale ens ee emanetNe eRe bese we ie oes OL Ls The Old and the New in Corn Culture. By H. Howard Biggar..... The Drainage Movement in the United States. By S. H. McCrory... Rabbit Growing to Supplement the Meat Supply. By Ned Dear- How Dairying Built Upa Community. By J.C. McDowell....... The Place of Rye in American Agriculture. By Clyde E. Leighty. . Home Mixing of Fertilizers. By C. C. Fletcher.................... Less Cholera—More Hogs. By O. B. Hess.................-....--- Some Effects of the War Upon the Seed Industry of the United States. aw. 3 wv necier and GC. Bdlep 222 252 ove. eect cece The Accredited-Herd Plan in Tuberculosis Eradication. By J. A. Electric Light and Power from Small Streams. By A. M. Daniels. . Some Results of Federal Quarantine Against Foreign Live-Stock eee ON Ad Vs EOP Osi ace edb 52 cea Soe ca e's etla The Thrashing Ring in the Corn Belt. By J. C. Rundles.........-. The Rediscovery of an Old Dish. By Herbert P. Davis............ Following the Produce Markets. By G. B. Fiske............--..- Live Stock and Reconstruction. By George M. Rommel........... Federal Protection of Migratory Birds. By George A. Lawyer. .... Farm Woodlands and the War. By Henry S. Graves..............- How Weevils Get Into Beans. By E. A. Back. ..............-...- The Farmer and Federal Grain Supervision. By Ralph H. Brown. Housing the Worker on the Farm. By E. B. McCormick..........- Sisal and Henequen as Binder-twine Fibers. By H. T. Edwards... The Commercial Apple Industry in the United States. By J. C. Cotton Warehousing—Benefits of an Adequate System. By Roy L. Néwton’and James M?Workman.?........... 0.6.2.0. 5.6262. Arable Land in the United States. By O.E. Bakerand H. M. Strong Appendix: Agricultural Colleges in the United States... ............-..-- Beculiiral laperiment pintions...-......2..2.0.05 265.005 State Officials in Charge of Agriculture. .................---.- 5 | Ae 6 Appendix—Continued. we State Officers in Charge of Cooperative Agricultural Extension Work... . -«: nda vay See ea taesea tn san bocce edie son Parry Live-Stock Associations. . . -.-------+-++--+-- 222020222 eee eee Statistics of Grain Crops, 1918.5 .....--.-..2-.-4.---25- it nai Stetistion of Crops ORE eae Live Stock, 1918-2: 2S. gas cdeeuiodi ait f eoteceeteeeeeee Imports and Exports of Agricultural Products... 2.0... 4 Miscellaneous Agricultural Statistics... ........2..---- it: = THGOx. . . -.- +2202 2 2s taowsnnntoespaee pn atm moire ort eel weeeteee ; pid eer wohiell ; ; a a t 4 ‘ . 7 7 « ed BF A a ° = ea FP es ay ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATES. Page. PLATE. I;-A good. stand ‘of wheat, not rusted. sos. os... Se ee el eel ee eee 76 LN Wie at DIUNBON Dy TUSOICEe. | Sat yes fue >see. ot eee S0 eed SLi d 76 III. Black stem rust on grains and grasseS...- 2... ..2.222.c0e0ee-eeeedenecees 80 iy. wuite-bistory af black stem xusts128 35 68. fehl ds piace ween io Saude 80 V. Fig. 1.—A common barberry bush. Fig. 2.—Barberry leaf showing clus- BORIS eee S85 52 ee Sees fe a eee Oe oo EEE anton S 4 ada zee 88 VI. Fig. 1.—Hedge of Japanese barberry. Fig. 2.—Common barberry bushin NAG Pe Of Uananese DALDOIny tes es so ee oo ane Seo ee esc a 83 VII. Fig. 1.—The Oregon grape. Fig. 2.—A wild barberry.................-- 88 VIII. Bluffs on which barberries have escaped and been running wild......... 88 IX. Fig. 1.—Neglected hedge of barberry. Fig. 2.—Common wild grasses WV INGH TUS NEAVILY s Bren stock ate. Sanuk naehee clan een eteee dake s 96 X. Fig. 1.—Sprouts of common barberry. Fig. 2.—Proper way to remove DHEDOITY PUSHOS-2_- > seer Se teehee coe cn Po adns Ce Ube seacect mane 96 SLES SC VL in Ry ee SO Ne ae aCe eC ea ee a 110 XII. Fig. 1—Community poultry-breeding house and community poultry club. Fig. 2.—Pen of Barred Plymouth Rocks......................- 110 XIII. Fig. 1.—Boys’ and Girls’ Rhode Island Red Community Association. Fig. 2.—Government poultry adviser instructing association members in the use of the market poultry score card.....................-..--.- 112 XIV. Flocks of standard-bred and mongrel hens...................---...--.--- 112 XV. Types of corn raised by the Indians and husking implements........... 124 aay Ipeticiat) COL Pantera] sos. suc Gee ye oe Sk oe Sn SS SHIR. 124 XVII. Methods of drying corn and an Indian cornfield.......................--- 128 XVIII. Fig. 1.—Stone mortar and pestle. Fig. 2.—Indians using a wooden mortar BNO DORGS 5 Fo/5e so eee a cetera eR roe eal sat Belobo cs eece. . 5 128 XIX. Fig. 1.—The Everglades west of Fort Lauderdale. Fig. 2.—Dredge digging drainage ditch through aswamp..................-...+.------ 138 XX. Permanent swamp and swamp lands that have been reclaimed.......... 138 mal) Oriodically OVverfowed. timberland «. one once aunae haan eee 205 10. Cross-section method of measuring a stream flow.............-----..-.--..---- 229 11. The weir method of stream measurement. ................2--..+.2------000-0- 230 12. A method for finding the distance water will back up from a dam............ 234- 13. Extent of leased-wire system and location of the 32 branches at market centers during the 1918-19 shipping sedsON... ... 0... 22.6 ><-0---~4-<0see ann eann eee cosas OO 31. Plan and elevation for a convenient office and classing room .................. 418 32. Other drawings of the plan shown in figure 31 . ........-.....-.-.-.22---.0e00 419 33-34. Form of warehouse receipt .........-..--- eoseceee ee wececcceccscesecs eseeceus 430, 431 YEARBOOK OF “THE US DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. Wasuineoton, D. C., November 15, 1918. Sir: The part the millions of men, women, boys, and girls on the farms and the organized agricultural agencies assist- ing them, including the Federal Department of Agriculture, the State colleges and departments of agriculture, and farm- ers’ organizations, played during the war in sustaining this Nation and those with which we are associated is striking but altogether too little known and appreciated. On them rested the responsibility for maintaining and increasing food production and for assisting in securing fuller conservation of food and feed stuffs. The satisfactory execution of their task was of supreme importance and difficulty. The proper utilization of available foods is one thing; the increase of production along economic lines is quite a dif- ferent thing. It is prerequisite and fundamental. It is one thing to ask a man to save; it is another to ask him, con- fronted as he is by the chances of the market and the risk of loss from disease, flood, and drouth, to put his labor and capital into the production of food, feeds, and the raw ma- terial for clothing. The work of the agricultural agencies is not much in the public eye. There is little of the dramatic about it. The millions of people in the rural districts are directly affected by it and are in more or less intimate touch with it, but to the great urban population it is comparatively unknown. Usually people in cities devote very little thought to the rural districts; and many of them fortunately, in normal times, have to concern themselves little about the food sup- 9 10 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. ply and its sources. The daily press occupies itself largely with the news of the hour, and the magazines have their at- tention centered chiefly on other activities. Consequently, the people in large centers have slight opportunity to ac- quaint themselves with rural problems and agencies. Al- though the Nation has, in its Federal Department and the State colleges and departments, agricultural agencies for the improvement of farming which, in point of personnel, finan- cial support, and effectiveness, excel those of any other three nations combined, very many urban people were unaware of the existence of such institutions, and not a few representa- tions were made to the effect that an administration ought to be created to secure an increase of production. These people have seen the windows of cities placarded and papers filled with pleas for conservation, for investment in bonds, and for subscriptions to the Red Cross. They have wondered why they have not seen similar evidence of activity in the field of agriculture. They did not know of the thousands of men and women quietly working in every rural community of the Nation and of the millions of bulletins and circulars dealing with the problems from many angles. They overlooked the fact that the field of these workers lies outside of the city and did not recognize that both the problem and the methods were different. Within the last year there has been a change. The atten- tion of the world has been directed to its food supply, and agriculture has assumed a place of even greater importance in the world’s thought. More space has been devoted to it by the daily press and weekly journals and magazines. This is gratifying. The towns and cities, all of them directly de- pendent upon agriculture for their existence and most of them for their growth and prosperity, must of necessity take an intelligent, constructive interest in rural problems and in the betterment of rural life. This they can do effectively only as they inform themselves and lend their support to Report of the Secretary. 11 the carefully conceived plans of Federal and State organiza- tions responsible for leadership and of the more thoughtful and successful farmers. For some time it has been part of the plans of this Department to enlist the more complete cooperation of bankers and other business men and of their associations in the effort to make agriculture more profitable and rural communities more healthful and attractive. Re- cent events have lent emphasis to the appeals and very marked responses have been made in every part of the Union. THE AGRICULTURAL EFFORT. The efforts put forth by the farmers and the agricultural organizations to secure increased production can perhaps best be concretely indicated in terms of planting operations. The size of the harvest may not be the measure of the labors of the farmers. Adverse weather conditions and unusual ravages of insects or plant diseases may partly overcome and neutralize the most exceptional exertions. ACREAGE. The first year of our participation in the war, 1917, wit- nessed the Nation’s record for acreage planted—283,000,000 of the leading cereals, potatoes, tobacco, and cotton, as against 261,000,000 for the preceding year, 251,000,000 for the year prior to the outbreak of the European war, and 248,000,000 for the five-year average, 1910-1914. This is a gain of 22,000,000 over the year preceding our entry into the war and of 35,000,000 over the five-year average indicated. Even this record was exceeded the second year of the war. There was planted in 1918 for the same crops 289,000,000 acres, an increase over the preceding record year of 5,600,000. It is especially noteworthy that, while the acreage planted in wheat in 1917 was slightly less than that for the record year of 1915, it exceeded the five-year average (1910-1914) by 12 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. 7,000,000; that the acreage planted in 1918 exceeded the pre- vious record by 3,500,000; and that the indications are that the acreage planted during the current fall season will con- siderably exceed that of any preceding fall planting. YIELDS. In each of the last two years climatic conditions over con- siderable sections of the Union were adverse—in 1917 espe- cially for wheat and in 1918 for corn. Notwithstanding this fact, the aggregate yield of the leading cereals in each of these years exceeded that of any preceding year in the Nation’s history except 1915. The estimated total for 1917 was 5,796,000,000 bushels and for 1918, 5,638,000,000 bushels, a decrease of approximately 160,000,000 bushels. But the conclusion would be unwarranted that the available supplies for human food or the aggregate nutritive value will be less in 1918 than in 1917. Fortunately, the wheat production for the current year—918,920,000 bushels—is greatly in excess of that for each of the preceding two years, 650,828,000 in 1917 and 636,318,000 in 1916, and is next to the record wheat crop of the Nation. The estimated corn crop, 2,749,000,000 bushels, exceeds the five-year prewar average by 17,000,000 bushels, is 3.4 per cent above the average in quality, and greatly superior to that of 1917. It has been estimated that of the large crop of last year, approximately 900,000,000 bushels were soft. This, of course, was valuable as feed for animals, but less so than corn of normal quality. It should be remembered, in thinking in terms of food nutritional value, that, on the average, only about 12 per cent of the corn crop is annually consumed by human beings and that not more than 26 per cent ever leaves the farm. It should be borne in mind also that the stocks of corn on the farms November 1, 1918, were 118,400,000 bushels, as against less than 35,000,000 bushels last year, and 93,340,000 bushels, the Report of the: Secretary. 13 average for the preceding five years. It is noteworthy that the quality of each of the four great cereals—barley, wheat, corn, and oats—ranges from 3 to 5.4 per cent above the average. Equally striking are the results of efforts to secure an ampler supply of meat and dairy products. In spite of the large exportation of horses and mules, the number remain- ing on farms is estimated to be 26,400,000, compared with 25,400,000 for the year preceding the European war and 24,- 700,000, the annual average for 1910-1914. The other prin- cipal classes of live stock also show an increase in number— milch cows of 2,600,000, or from 20,700,000 in 1914 to 23,- 300,000 in 1918; other cattle of 7,600,000, or from 35,900,000 to 43,500,000; and swine of 12,500,000, or from 58,900,000 to 71,400,000. Within the last year, for the first time in many years, there was an increase in the number of sheep— 1,300,000, or from 47,616,000 in 1917 to 48,900,000 in 1918. In terms of product the results are equally striking. The number of pounds of beef for 1918 is given at 8,500,000,000 pounds, as against 6,079,000,000 for 1914; of pork, at 10,- 500,000,000, as against 8,769,000,000; and of mutton, at 495,- 000,000, as against 739,000,000, a total of all these products of 19,495,000,000 for the last year and 15,587,000,000 for the year preceding the European war. An increase is estimated in the number of gallons of milk produced, of 922,000,000, or from 7,507,000,000 to 8,429,- 000,000, and in the pounds of wool of 9,729,000, or from 290,192,000 to 299,921,000. The figures for poultry produc- tion have not been accurately ascertained, but it is roughly estimated that in 1918 we raised 589,000,000 head, compared with 544,000,000 in 1914 and 522,000,000, the five-year av- erage, 1910-1914, while the number of dozens of eggs increased by 147,000,000, or from 1,774,000,000 in 1914 to 1,921,000,000 in 1918, and, in the last year exceeded the five- year average by 226,000,000. 14 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. The following tables may facilitate the examination of these essential facts: Acreage of crops in the United States. {Figures refer to planted acreage.] 1918, 1917, -Annual Crop. subject to | subject to 1916 1914 average, revision. revision. 1910-1914. CEREALS. | Oot) 2256. 9 rere 113, 835, 000 |119, 755,000 |105, 296,000 | 103, 435,000 | 105, 240, 000 Witeat. 2392205 Sod pee eee 64, 659, 000 | 59,045,000 | 56,810,000 | 54,661,000 | 52, 452, 000 Odisss alos aks: = seco eee 44,475,000 | 43,572,000 | 41,527,000 | 38,442,000 | 38,014,000 Barleyeisis isi. i: 2. 2. ggteeee 9,108,000 | 8,835,000 | 7,757,000 7, 565, 000 7, 593, 000 Bye te eee ee eee 6,119,000 | 4,480,000 | 3,474,000} 2,733,000] 2,562,000 Buckwheat). 2 1,045,000 | 1,006,000 828, 000 792, 000 826, 000 Riie@? Less sc 3: cose eee 1, 120, 400 964, 000 869, 000 694, 000 733, 000 Rolfe et at ens ae eee 5,114,000 | 5,153,000 | 3,944,000'|:.......2.2.0|_.e scene Total 22 oot ceo teen e ee 245, 475, 400 | 242, 810, 000 |220, 505, 000 |! 208, 322, 000 |1207, 420, 000 VEGETABLES POWs seats. cteco ec ocsee 4,113,000 | 4,390,000 | 3,565,000 3, 711, 000 3, 686, 000 Sweet potatoes. ............. 959, 000 953,000 | 774,000 603, 000 611, 000 Total it psc. ers 5,072,000 | 5,343,000 | 4,339, 000 4,314, 000 4, 297, 000 PODAOCOS: 2015 2 iki kt bee 1, 452,900 | 1,447,000 | 1, 413, 000 1, 224, 000 1, 209, 000 CORDON oo ne Sock scare eae 37,073,000 | 33, 841,000 | 34,985,000 | 36,832,000 | 35,330,000 1 Excluding kafirs. Production in the United States. [Figures are in round thousands; i. e., 000 omitted.) 1918 (unrevised | 1917, Annual Crops. estimate, [subject to 1916 1914 rites: 5 November, | revision. 1910-1914. 1918). CEREALS. se nS PE Es a bush..| 2, 749, 198 |3, 159, 494 | 2,566,927 | 2,672,804 | 2, 732, 457 WneO bis sin da us obs has ob bebe GO: 3 918,920 | 650,828 636, 318 891, 017 728, 225 ORG. 5 apcbws S_!_——- ll: —_—_—_ Report of the Seéretary. 15 Production in the United States—Continued. 1918 (unrevised 1917, Annual Crops. estimate, subject to 1916 1914 average ¢ November, | revision. 1910-1914. 1918). | | | | VEGETABLES. 100 2 oe een ee a bush.. 390,101 | 442,536 286, 953 409, 921 360, 772 Sweet potatoes............... Hor. 88,114 | 87,141 70, 955 56, 574 57,117 Beans (commercial).......... 0s. 17, 802 14, 967 10, 715 W565 | 32 ace Onions, fall commercial crop..do.... 13, 438 12,309 7, 833 2) A Bae Sa Cabbage (commercial).......- tons. . 565 475 252 (iL) Dietep Styne FRUITS | LiL Ali C Ti SY ai a ie ae bush. . 40,185} 45,066 37, 505 54, 109 43, 752 LoL DT pagel) se een a mo>ae- 10, 342 13, 281 11, 874 12, 086 11, 184 plowed lees so) fa05e3 2. do....| 197,360} 174,608] 204,582] 253,200! 197,898 Cranberries, 3 States......... bbls..| 374 255 471 Stairs Bites MISCELLANEOUS. La, ES ce bush. 14, 646 8, 473 14, 296 13, 749 18, 353 PHRAT DESI. S51. -- 2-5... 225 - tons. 6, 549 5, 980 6, 228 5, 585 5, 391 MOWaGRO see - bs 5 2.0040. .s5.. Ibs 1, 266, 686 |1, 196, 451 | 1,153,278 | 1,034,679 991, 958 JIL oe tons.. 86,254 | 94,930] 110,992 88, 686 81, 640 hi tt.) ean bales. . 11,818 | 11,302 11, 450 16, 135 14, 259 Sorghum sirup...........---- galls. . 29,757 | 34,175 19. pag eh OS A Ae eanuiise ley corse. bo. cyt bush 52, 617 56, 104 SOT 7, UR ee st | ee ee Broom corn, 5 States......... tons. 52 52 Sh re ie jee Ee Be lover s6edt 2 222.2. 52-2. 22. bush... 1, 248 1, 439 I WOG)|n. 2 tse st pdead seed 1 No estimate. Number of live stock on farms on Jan, 1, 1910-1918. 7 [Figures are in round thousands; i. e., 000 omitted.] Annual Kind. 1918 1917 1916 1914 average 1910-1914. SPU S| Ae ea RS Se apa! 21, 563 21, 210 21, 159 20, 962 20, 430 LONE? SS aa kee ee pees 4, 824 4,723 4, 593 4, 449 4, 346 frm Opws: CLEUL Ss ee 23, 284 22, 894 22, 108 20, 737 20, 676 OEE Un eg a ee ee 43,546 | 41,689] 39,812] 35,855 38, 000 “CTS pane a Sai Spee aaa 48,900} 47,616| 48,625] 49,719 51, 929 Ree Ae bes Pe 225; Ire eceo.ct..-3922 71,374 | 67,503 | 67,766 | 58,933 61, 865 16 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. Estimated production of meat, milk, and wool. [Figures are in round thousands; i. e., 000 omitted.] Product. | 1918 1917 1916 1914 1909 ) > | pee Sf pounds..| 8,500,000 | 7,384,007 | 6,670,938 | 6,078,908 | 8, 138,000 Pork). 3 dec cones se ee do... .|10, 500,000 | 8, 450, 148 |10, 587,765 | 8,768,532 | 8, 199, 000 Mutton and goat!........... do....| 495,000 491, 205 633, 969 739, 401 615, 000 ht Sa ee ees do-...|19, 495,000 |16, 325, 360 |17, $92, 672 |15, 586, 841 | 16, 952, 000 MSY ee a ee gallons. .| 8, 429,000 | 8, 288,000 | 8,003,000 | 7,507,000 | 7, 466, 406 Wool (including pulled wool) youndd.c. 71.6.) oe 299,921 | 281,892} 288,490 | 290,192] 289, 420 Eggs produced?.......... dozens..| 1,921,000 | 1,884,000 | 1,848,000 | 1,774,000 | # 1,591, 000 Poultry raised’.......... number.., 589,000} 578,000} 567,000 | 544,000| 3 488,000 1 Estimated, for 1914-1917, by the Bureau of Animal Industry. Figures for meat production for 1918 are tentative estimates based upon 1917 production and a comparison of slaughter under Federal inspection for nine months of 1918 with the corresponding nine months in 1917. 2 Rough estimate. 3 Annual averages for 1910-1914: Eggs, 1,695,000,000 dozen; poultry, 522,000,000. VALUES. On the basis of prices that have recently prevailed, the value of all crops produced in 1918 and of live stock on farms on January 1, including horses, mules, cattle, sheep, swine, and poultry, is estimated to be $24,700,000,000, compared with $21,325,000,000 for 1917, $15,800,000,000 for 1916, $12,650,000,000 for 1914, and $11,700,000,000 for the five-year average. Of course, this greatly increased financial showing does not mean that the Nation is better off to that extent or that its real wealth has advanced in that proportion. Con- sidering merely the domestic relations, the true state is indi- — cated rather in terms of real commodities, comparative statements of which are given in foregoing paragraphs. The increased values, however, do reveal that the monetary re- turns to the farmers have increased proportionately with those of other groups of producers in the Nation and that their purchasing power has kept pace in the rising scale of prices. Report of the Secretary. 17 PLANS FOR 1919. It is too early to make detailed suggestions for the spring planting season of 1919. During this fall the Department, the agricultural colleges, and other agencies carried on a campaign for a large wheat acreage, and indications were given by States as to where the requisite planting could be secured without calling for an extension of the area or even a normal acreage in the States which had suffered from drouth for two years. It was suggested that, if possible, at least 45,000,000 acres of wheat should be planted. Fortunately, we have two seasons for wheat sowing, and the Department was aware of the fact that, if a large acreage was planted in the fall and came through the winter in good condition, there would be an opportunity to make appropriate sugges- tions in reference to the spring operations. The informal indications coming to the Department are that the farmers exceeded the plantings suggested by the Department. We do not know how either the wheat or the rye will come through the winter, and are not now able to state what the require- ments should be for the next season, nor can anyone now tell what the world demand will be at the close of the harvest season of 1919. We do know that for the ensuing months the Nation is likely to be called upon for large quantities of available food and feeds to supply not only the peoples with whom we cooperated in the war but also those of the neutrals and the central powers. This will involve a con- tinuation of conservation on the part of our people and probably of the maintenance of a satisfactory range of prices for food products during the period. When the nations of Europe will return to somewhat normal conditions and re- sume the planting of bread and feed grains sufficient in large measure to meet their requirements, and whether the ship- ping will open up sufficiently to permit the free movement 98911°—yBK 1918——2 18 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. of grains from distant countries like Australia, India, and Argentina, it is impossible now to say. It is certain that all these nations will direct their attention very specifically to the producing of supplies in respect to which good returns may naturally be expected. It will be to the interest of the whole world to expedite this process as much as possible; and, while the problem of immediate distribution of avail- able foods demands urgent consideration, the production programs for the next harvest should also receive no less common and urgent attention. Two things seem to be clear. One is that for a consider- able period the world will have need particularly of a larger supply than normal of certain live stock, and especially of fats. We must not fail, therefore, to adopt every feasible means of economically increasing these things; and, as a part of our program, we shall give thought to the securing of an adequate supply of feed stuffs and to the eradica- tion and control of all forms of animal disease. The De- partment has already taken steps in this direction and has issued a circular containing detailed suggestions. Another is the need of improving the organization of our agricultural agencies for the purpose of intelligently execut- ing such plans as may seem to be wise. We shall attempt not only to perfect the organization and cooperation of the De- partment of Agriculture, the agricultural colleges and State departments, and the farmers’ organizations, but we shall especially labor to strengthen the local farm bureaus and other organizations which support so effectively the exten- sion forces and assist them in their activities. This is highly desirable not only during the continuance of present abnor- mal conditions but also for the future. The local as well as the State and Federal agencies are of supreme importance to the Nation in all its activities designed to make rural life more profitable, healthful, and attractive, and, therefore, to Report of the Secretary. 19 secure. adequate economic production, efficient distribution, and necessary conservation. The Department of Agriculture, the agricultural colleges, and other organizations will continue to give definite thought to all the problems, will keep close track of developments, and, at the proper time in advance of the next planting sea- son, will lay the situation before the farmers of the Nationa They will attempt to outline the needs and to suggest par- ticular crops the increased production of which should be emphasized. COOPERATION OF OFFICIAL AGENCIES. To aid in securing larger production and fuller conserva- tion during 1917 and 1918, the Department and the State colleges and commissioners of agriculture were in cordial cooperation. I can not adequately express my appreciation of the spirit which the State officials manifested in placing themselves at the service of the Government and of the ex- tent, variety, and effectiveness of their efforts in every under- taking. The authorities and staffs of the agricultural col- leges in every State of the Union placed their facilities at the disposal of the Department, supported its efforts and plans with the utmost zeal, and omitted no opportunity, on their own initiative, to adopt and prosecute helpful measures and to urge the best agricultural practice suited to their localities. They not only responded promptly to every request made on them to cooperate in the execution of plans but also liberally made available to the Department the services of many of their most efficient officers. Equally generous was the support of the great agricultural journals of the Union. They gladly sent their representatives to attend conferences called by the Federal Department and through their columns rendered vast service in the dissemi- nation of information. 20 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. Very much assistance also was received from the National Agricultural Advisory Committee, created jointly by the Secretary of Agriculture and the Food Administrator for the purpose of securing the views of farmers and farm organiza- tions and of seeing that nothing was omitted to safeguard all legitimate interests. This body, as a whole and also through its subcommittees, studied the larger and more critical agricultural problems confronting the Government, gave many valuable criticisms and highly useful sugges- tions, and assisted in the several communities in making known the plans and purposes of the Department. The committee included, in addition to representative farmers, the heads of a number of the leading farm organizations. | It was composed of former Gov. Henry C. Stuart, of Vir- ginia, a farmer and cattleman and member of the price- fixing committee of the War Industries Board, giving special attention to the consideration of price activities bearing on farm products; Oliver Wilson, of Illinois, farmer and master of the National Grange; C. S. Barrett, of Georgia, president of the Farmers’ Educational and Cooperative Union; D. O. Mahoney, of Wisconsin, farmer specializing in cigar leaf tobacco and president of the American Society of Equity; Milo D. Campbell, of Michigan, president of the National Milk Producers’ Federation; Eugene D. Funk, of Illinois, ex- President of the National Grain Association and president of the National Corn Association; N. H. Gentry, of Mis- souri, interested in swine production and improvement and vice president of the American Berkshire Association; Frank J. Hagenbarth, of Idaho, cattle and sheep grower and presi- dent of the National Wool Growers’ Association; Elbert S. Brigham, of Vermont, dairyman and commissioner of agri- culture; W. L. Brown, of Kansas, wheat grower and mem- ber of the State board of agriculture; David R. Coker, of South Carolina, chairman of the State council of defense, Report of the Secretary. 21 successful cotton farmer, and producer of improved types of cotton; W. R. Dodson, of Louisiana, farmer and dean of the Louisiana College of Agriculture; Wesley G. Gordon, of Tennessee, demonstrator of better farming and influential in promoting the introduction of crimson clover and other legumes in his State; John Grattan, of Colorado, agricul- tural editor, member of the Grange and Farmers’ Union, and cattle feeder; J. N. Hagan, of North Dakota, general farmer planting spring wheat on a large scale and commis- sioner of agriculture and labor; W. W. Harrah, of Oregon, wheat grower, director of the Farmers’ Union Grain Agency of Pendleton, and member of the Farmers’ Educational and Cooperative Union; C. W. Hunt, of Iowa, general farmer and large corn planter and live-stock producer; H. W. Jef- fers, of New Jersey, dairyman, president of the Walker- Gordon Laboratory Co., and member of the State board of agriculture; Isaac Lincoln, of South Dakota, banker and successful grower on a large scale of special varieties of seed grains; David M. Massie, of Ohio, general farmer and suc- cessful business man, interested particularly in farm man- agement; William F. Pratt, of New York, general farmer, agricultural representative on the board of trustees of Cor- nell University, and member of the State Farm and Markets Council; George C. Roeding, of California, fruit grower, nurseryman, and irrigation farmer, and president of the State agricultural society; Marion Sansom, of Texas, cattle- man, live-stock merchant, and director of the Federal re- serve bank at Dallas; and C. J. Tyson, of Pennsylvania, gen- eral farmer and fruit grower end former president of the Pennsylvania State Horticultural Association. COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE. The emergency through which the Nation has passed only served to emphasize the supreme importance of the Coopera- tive Agricultural Extension Service. It has become increas- 22 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. ingly clear that no more important piece of educational extension machinery has ever been created. It has been amply demonstrated that the most effective means of getting information to the farmers and their families and of se- curing the application of the best scientific and practical processes is through the direct touch of well-trained men and women. With additional funds made available through the regular agricultural extension act, and especially through the emergency food-production measure, the Department, in cooperation with the State colleges, quickly took steps to expand the extension forces with a view to place in each rural county one or more agents. When this Nation entered the war in April, 1917, there was a total of 2,149 men and women employed in county, home demonstration, and boys’ and girls’ club work, distributed as follows: County agent work, 1,461; home demonstration work, 545; boys’ and girls’ club work, 143. In November of this year the number had increased to 5,218, of which 1,513 belong to the regular staff and 3,705 to the emergency force. There were 2,732 in the county agent service, 1,724 in the home demonstration work, and 762 in the boys’ and girls’ club activities. This does not include the larger number of specialists assigned by the De- partment and the colleges to aid the extension workers in the field and to supplement their efforts. It would be almost easier to tell what these men and women did not do than to indicate the variety and extent of their operstions. They have actively labored not only to further the plans for increased economical production along all lines and carried to the rural population the latest and best information bearing on agriculture, but also to secure the conservation of foods and feeds on the farm; and, in addition, many of them have aided in the task of promoting the better utilization of food products in the cities. They constitute the only Federal machinery in intimate touch with the millions of people in the farming districts. They have, Report of the Secretary. 23 therefore, been able to render great service to other branches of the Government, such as the Treasury in its Liberty Loan campaigns, the Red Cross, the Young Men’s Christian Asso- ciation, and other organizations in their war activities, and the Food Administration in its special tasks. WORK OF THE DEPARTMENT. It would require a volume even to outline all the things which the Department of Agriculture has done. It stimu- lated production, increasingly controlled plant and animal diseases, reducing losses from the cattle tick, hog cholera, tuberculosis, predatory animals, and crop pests, and, in con- junction with the Department of Labor, rendered assistance to the farmers in securing labor. It safeguarded seed stocks and secured and distributed good seeds to farmers for cash at cost; acted jointly with the Treasury Department in mak- ing loans from the President’s special fund to distressed farmers in drouth-stricken sections; aided in transporting stock from the drouth areas; greatly assisted in the market- ing of farm products, and, under enormous difficulties, helped the farmers to secure a larger supply of fertilizers. At the direction of the President, it is administering under license the control of the stockyards and of the ammonia, fertilizer, and farm-equipment industries. The Department maintained intimate touch with the War and Navy Departments, the War Industries, War Trade, and Shipping Boards, and the Fuel and Food Administra- tions. Through the Bureau of Animal Industry, it not only continued to safeguard the meat supply for the civilian population, but it also inspected the meats used at the vari- ous cantonments, training camps, forts, posts, and naval sta- tions, and aided in the organization of the veterinary corps. Through the Forest Service it rendered valuable assistance to practically all branches of the Government having to do with the purchase or use of forest products and to many in- 24 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. dustries which supply war material to the Government, made a thorough study of the lumber situation, aided in many directions the Bureau of Aircraft Production and the Navy Department in the execution of their aeroplane programs, conducted cooperative tests on a large scale at the Forest Products Laboratory, and collaborated in the organization of the forestry regiments. Its Bureau of Markets handled the distribution of nitrate of soda to farmers for cash at cost, cooperated with the War Industries Board in broaden- ing the channels of distribution and stimulating the use of stocks of low-grade cotton, and worked with the Food Ad- ministration in the handling of grains and in other of its activities. Its Bureau of Chemistry assisted other depart- ments in preparing specifications for articles needed by them, aided the War Department in the organization of its chem- ical research work and in making tests of fabrics and sup- plies, worked out formulas for waterproofing leather, and maintained intimate touch with the related services of the Food Administration. The Department collaborated with the War Department in its handling of the draft, with special reference to its problem of leaving on the farms the indispensable skilled agricultural laborers. In like manner, through the States Relations Service and the Bureaus of Soils, Roads, Biology, and Entomology, the Department’s services have been freely extended to other branches of the Government. It would be impossible in reasonable space to indicate its participation in all directions, and reference must therefore be made to reports of the several bureaus. MEAT SUPPLY. Farm animals and their products received a large share of the Department’s attention. Efforts were directed toward increasing the output of meat, milk, butter, and other fats, cheese, poultry, eggs, wool, and hides, first, by encouraging Report of the Secretary. 25 the live-stock raiser to make a direct increase in his herds and flocks and their products and, second, by assisting him to prevent loss from disease. The campaigns for increased production yielded especially fruitful results in respect to pigs and poultry. Indications are that the increase of 15 per cent in pork production this year over 1917, asked for by the Food Administration, will be realized, at least in weight if not in number of hogs. Poultry and eggs also show a material increase, and enor- mous quantities of the latter were preserved by householders in the season of plenty for use in time of scarcity. Steps were taken also to encourage the growing of cattle and sheep, but results are naturally slower with these ani- mals than with pigs and poultry. Stockmen in all parts of the country were urged to carry sufficient numbers of cattle in order to make the fullest possible use of pastures and feeds which otherwise would have been wasted; cattle feeders were advised how to save certain grain for human consumption by substituting other feeds for their stock, and efforts were continued to bring about an increase in the number of cattle in the areas freed from ticks. Through the joint action of the Bureaus of Animal Indus- try and Markets and the States Relations Service valuable assistance was rendered in the movement of cattle from the drouth-stricken areas of Texas. The county agents in that State, cooperating with the extension workers in Louisi- ana, Alabama, Georgia, Oklahoma, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Florida, and with the agents of the other bureaus men- tioned, indicated to farmers in regions of heavy crop pro- duction the manner in which the cattle could be obtained from the distressed sections and have greatly aided in ar- ranging for their transportation. As a result of their ef- forts it is estimated that approximately 300,000 head of cattle were saved from starvation or premature slaughter. 26 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture, OVERCOMING ANIMAL DISEASES. The increasing control and eradication of animal diseases stimulated production on a more economical basis. For years the Department has been carrying on such work, but during the past year its efforts were greatly extended and more vigorously prosecuted with unusually favorable results. THe CATTLE TICK.—The progress made in the eradication of the southern cattle ticks led to the release from quarantine of 67,308 square miles, the largest area freed in any year since the beginning of the work in 1906. The total free area is now 379,312 square miles, or 52 per cent of that originally quarantined; and the work of the past summer will result in the addition of 79,217 more on December 1. The release of the remainder of the State of Mississippi since my last report makes the first strip of uninfested ter- ritory from the interior to the Gulf of Mexico, and the pro- posed action on December 1 will liberate the entire State of South Carolina, thus opening a broad avenue of free terri- tory to the Atlantic Ocean. The method of eradication employed is the systematic and regular dipping, throughout the season, in a standard ar- senical solution, of all cattle in a community. The cost has been from 18 to 50 cents a head, while the enhanced value of each animal greatly exceeds this, one canvass having shown an estimated average increase of $9.76. The eradication of — the ticks not only prevents heavy losses, but also permits the raising of high-class beef cattle and the development of dairying in sections where neither was before economically possible. Hoc cnHoLtera.—The ravages of hog cholera, the greatest obstacle to increasing hog production, were greatly reduced as a result of the cooperative campaign conducted i. 33 States. The methods of control involved farm sanitation, quarantine, and the application of anti-hog-cholera serum. Data compiled by the Department show that the losses from Report of the Secretary. 27 hog cholera in the year ending March 31, 1918, amounted to only $32,000,000, as compared with $75,000,000 in 1914, a reduction of more than 50 per cent in less than five years. Stated in another way, the death rate from hog cholera in the United States was 144 per thousand in 1897, 118 in 1914, and only 42 in 1917, the lowest in 35 years. The protective serum was used also at public stockyards during the last year. Among the hogs received at market centers there are many which are too light in weight for slaughtering and which should be sent back to farms for further growth and fattening. Formerly, because of the danger of spreading cholera, the Department would not allow hogs to leave public stockyards except for immediate slaughter. The result was that all light-weight hogs sent to the markets were slaughtered. Some of these were young sows suitable for breeding. Now the Bureau of Animal In- dustry treats these immature pigs with serum and allows them to be shipped out as stockers and feeders. During the past year more than 250,000 head were handled in this way. Their average weight was approximately 100 pounds. It is probable that practically all of them were returned to the markets later at an average weight of 250 to 275 pounds, making an aggregate gain of about 40,000,000 pounds of pork. TuBercuLosis.—T uberculosis, the most widely distributed destructive disease that now menaces the live-stock industry, recently was made a special object of attack. In coopera- tion with State authorities and live-stock owners, a cam- paign was undertaken in 40 States to eradicate tuberculosis from herds of pure-bred cattle, from swine, and in selected areas. At present our efforts are concentrated on the first project, since the pure-bred herds are the foundation of our breeding stock. A plan adopted in December, 1917, by the United States Live Stock Sanitary Association and repre- sentatives of breeders’ associations, and approved by the 28 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. Department, was put into operation with the assistance of a large number of herd owners. Herds are tested with tuber- culin, and any diseased animals are removed and the prem- ises cleaned and disinfected. Subsequent tests are made at proper intervals. By this means there is being established an accredited list of pure-bred herds from which breeding stock may be secured with reasonable assurance that it is free from tuberculosis. The first list, consisting of more than 1,000 names of owners of herds of pure-bred cattle, representing tests made up to the end of the fiscal year, was compiled and printed for distribution to breeders. Parasitic AND OTHER DISEASES.—Enlarged forces and more energetic measures brought further progress in the eradi- cation of the parasitic diseases known as scabies or seab of sheep and cattle. These diseases now linger in only a few small areas. Aid was extended to the War Department and to State and local authorities in reducing and preventing losses from influenza or shipping fever of horses, which has been very prevalent among animals collected for Army pur- poses. Greater efforts were put forth also to control, reduce, and prevent blackleg, anthrax, hemorrhagic septicemia, con- tagious abortion, dourine, parasites, plant poisoning, and other diseases which operate to reduce live-stock production. PREDATORY ANIMALS. The increasing control and destruction of predatory ani- mals had a direct bearing on live-stock. production. During the year there were captured and killed 849 wolves, 26,241 coyotes, 85 mountain lions, and 3,462 bobcats and lynxes. It is estimated that the destruction of these pests resulted in a saving of live stock valued at $2,376,650. The cooperative State campaigns organized to exterminate native rodents, mainly prairie dogs, ground squirrels, pocket gophers, and jack rabbits, which annually destroy $150,- 000,000 worth of food and feed products, proved to be practi- Report of the Secretary. 29 cal and of great immediate value in increasing grain and forage production. To destroy ground squirrels and prairie dogs on more than 3,295,000 acres of agricultural lands in Montana, 15,865 farmers distributed 276 tons of poisoned grain prepared under direction, while in North Dakota 34,796 treated once approximately 5,430,000 acres and a second time over 7,000,000 acres covered in similar campaigns during the preceding two years. In Idaho the work has been in progress in 22 counties, with more than 4,000 farmers and officials assisting; and it is planned to include every county in the State next year. Similar work was organized and is in progress in Washington, Oregon, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Nevada, California, Arizona, and New Mexico in cooperation with agricultural college extension departments, State councils of defense, and other local organizations. Several million bushels of grain and much hay and forage were saved through these efforts, which will be continued on an enlarged scale during the coming year. NATIONAL FOREST RANGES. A very material increase was brought -about in the pro- duction of meat and wool on the forest ranges. Careful ob- servation of. range conditions and study of the methods which would secure the most complete utilization of the for- age disclosed that a very considerable increase in the number of animals was possible without overgrazing the forests. The - number of cattle under permit for the 1918 season was nearly 2,140,000, and of sheep more than 8,450,000. In two years there were placed on the forests approximately 1,000,000 additional head of live stock, representing about 25,000,000 pounds of beef, 16,000,000 of mutton,and 4,000,000 of wool. The season of 1918 strikingly illustrated the advantages which the National Forest ranges offer to the western live- stock industry. Throughout the West the ranges outside the 30 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. forests were generally in bad shape on account of drouth conditions. The live-stock business is becoming precarious for owners who are dependent upon the open public range; many are closing out, and the number of range stock is being reduced. On the other hand, the use of the National Forest ranges is increasing and their productivity is rising under the system of regulation. Never was the wisdom of Govern- ment control of these ranges more manifest than at the present time. DAIRY PRODUCTS. The Department endeavored to bring about an increase in the output of dairy products by means of more and better cows, improved methods and practices, and the extension of dairying in sections where the industry had not been fully developed. Continued encouragement was given to the de- velopment of the dairy industry in Southern and Western States, to the organization and operation of cheese factories in the mountainous regions of the South, and to the build- ing of silos as a means of providing winter feed. The food value of dairy products was brought to the at- tention of the consuming public and their economical use ad- vocated. An extensive campaign was waged to encourage the production and consumption of cottage cheese as a means of utilizing for human food skim milk and buttermilk, large quantities of which ordinarily are fed to live stock or are wasted. Printed matter on the nutritional value of cottage cheese and on the methods of making it was issued in large editions and widely circulated, in cooperation with State ex- tension organizations, and specialists were sent out to en- courage its production and consumption. THE FEDERAL MEAT INSPECTION. The Federal meat-inspection service covered 884 estab- lishments in 253 cities and towns. There were slaughtered under inspection 10,938,287 cattle, 3,323,079 calves, 8,769,498 - Report of the Secretary. 31 sheep, 149,503 goats, and 35,449,247 swine, a total of 58,629,612 animals. Compared with the preceding fiscal year, these figures represent a decline of 5,000,000 in the total number of animals, but an increase of nearly 1,750,000 cattle and more than 600,000 calves. Condemnations amounted to 206,265 animals or carcasses and 528,481 parts of carcasses. The supervision of meats and products prepared and pro- cessed covered 7,905,184,924 pounds, and resulted in the con- demnation of 17,543,184 pounds. There were certified for export 2,510,446,802 pounds of meat and meat food products. GOOD FOOD FOR SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. At the request of the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy, the Department participated in protecting our military and naval forces against unwholesome foods. The Federal meat inspection, which for years has safeguarded the civil population of the United States from bad meat in interstate commerce, was extended to include the special supervision of the meat supply of the American Army and Navy. The examination, selection, and handling of meats and fats are in expert hands from the time the live animals are driven to slaughter until the finished product is delivered in good condition to the mess cooks. Inspectors were as- signed to the various cantonments, training camps, forts, posts, and other places in the United States where large numbers of troops are assembled and, at the close of the fiscal year, there were 69 such experts with the Army and 30 with the Navy. MARKET NEWS SERVICES. As soon as the appropriations under the food production act became available steps were taken to expand much of the regular work of the Bureau of Markets and to institute certain new lines. The Market News Services, which had been established on a relatively small scale, were greatly 32 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. enlarged until at the close of the fiscal year there were ap- proximately 90 branch offices distributing market informa- tion to all sections of the country over practically 14,000 miles of leased wires. Many producers, distributors, and others have come to depend on these services and to make less use of commercial price-quoting agencies, which are not able to furnish data so reliable, accurate, prompt, and com- prehensive. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, An organization was built up for the national interchange of market information on fruits and vegetables, and the news service on these products was made continuous throughout the year for the first time since it was instituted. Reports were issued in season covering approximately 32 commodities and indicating daily car-lot shipments, the jobbing prices in the principal markets throughout the country, and other shipping-point facts for these crops. In addition to the permanent market stations opened during the period of important crop movements temporary field stations were operated at 82 points in various producing sections, more than twice as many as in the preceding year. LIVE STOCK AND MEATS. The news service on live stock and meats was extended to include additional important live stock and meat marketing centers and producing districts. New features also were added to make the service more useful to producers and the trade. The daily reports on meat-trade conditions, which formerly gave information on the demand, supplies, and wholesale prices of western dressed fresh meats in four of the most important eastern markets, now cover also Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Pittsburgh. As a supplement to the daily reports, a weekly review is published. The daily telegraphic report on live-stock shipments west of the Alle- gheny Mountains was expanded to include all live stock Report of the Secretary. 33 loaded on railroads throughout the United States. Informa- tion regarding the “i feeding districts is being published. This work is valuable in indicating the potential meat supply of the country and will be developed as rapidly as available funds permit. On June 1, 1918, the Department took over the furnish- n” and “out” movement in certain ing of all telegraphic market reports distributed daily from the Chicago Union Stock Yards on live-stock receipts and prices, including not only those regularly sent over the leased wire of the Bureau of Markets but all reports used by commercial news agencies and press associations. The substitution of a Government report for the previous un- official service has exerted a material influence in restoring confidence in the reports of market conditions, the lack of which has been a fundamental obstacle to the economic de- velopment of the live-stock industry. DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS. The news service on dairy and poultry products gives prices of butter, eggs, and cheese, trade conditions, market receipts, storage movement, and supplies in storage and in the hands of wholesalers and jobbers. Since the fall of 1917 it has covered Washington, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Minneapolis, and San Francisco. Data were se- cured each month from approximately 14,000 dairy manu- facturing plants in the United States, showing the quan- tities produced of such products as whey, process butter, oleomargarine, cheese of different kinds, condensed and evaporated milk, various classes of powdered milk, casein, and milk sugar. GRAIN, HAY, AND FEED, ' Biweekly statements on the stocks of grain, hay, and feed, the supply of and demand for these commodities, and the prices at which they were being bought and sold in carload 98911°—yBx 1918——3 34 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. lots, were issued from New York, Richmond, Atlanta, Chi- cago, Minneapolis, Kansas City, Oklahoma, Denver, Spo- kane, and San Francisco. Through the machinery of these services, emergency work of special value was conducted. At the request of the Di- rector General of Railroads, a survey was made to deter- mine the exact location of the soft corn in the United States and the number of freight cars needed to move it; and, at the request of the Food Administration, the feed require- ments of New York, Pennsylvania, and New England were ascertained. Temporary offices were opened in the drouth- stricken regions at Fort Worth, Tex., Bismarck, N. Dak., and Bozeman, Mont., to assist farmers and cattle raisers in securing supplies of feed, and aid was thus given in saving thousands of cattle from starvation or premature slaughter. SEEDS. Although it has been apparent for several years that it would be extremely desirable to have available more depend- able and complete information on seed-marketing conditions, the situation did not become acute until war was declared. To meet the conditions then encountered, field offices were opened in Chicago, Minneapolis, Kansas City, Atlanta, Spo- kane, San Francisco, and Denver. Information obtained through them and through voluntary reporters throughout the country is disseminated by means of a monthly publica- tion entitled “The Seed Reporter.” The workers connected with this service have cooperated fully with the seed-stocks committee of the Department in furthering effective seed distribution. LOCAL MARKET REPORTING SERVICE. What is known as the Local Market Reporting Service covers an entirely new field and is a logical and necessary supplement to the national telegraphic news services. The Report of the Secretary. 35 first experiment was made in Providence, R. I., shortly be- fore the beginning of the last fiscal year and was so suc- cessful that, when emergency funds became available, the work was broadened and, in cooperation with local authori- ties, agents were placed in 15 additional cities. This service consists largely of reports on local market. conditions and prices based on daily observations and is conducted primarily for the benefit of growers and consumers, though it is also very useful to dealers. Consumers’ figures are made public through the local newspapers and are helpful guides for the housewife. The growers’ reports contain brief discussions of market features, changes, and developments, and give tables showing prices received by producers for certain products and, as well, those of wholesale and commission dealers. INSPECTION GF FOOD PRODUCTS, Since the fall of 1917 the Department, through the Food Products Inspection Service, has made it possible for ship- pers to receive certificates from disinterested Federal repre- sentatives as to the condition of their fruit and vegetable shipments upon arrival at large central markets. There are now inspectors in 36 of the most important markets of the country. As a result of their activities, perishable food- stuffs entered more quickly into the channels of consump- tion, cars were released more promptly, and many rejections and reversions prevented. The service was used extensively by the Food Administration and by the Army and Navy in connection with their purchases of food supplies. Inspec- tions are now made not only at the request of shippers but also of receivers and other interested parties. Owing to the ever-increasing distance between important producing sections and large consuming centers, the ques- tion of the conservation of food, both in transportation and storage, has become a vital one. During the past year the results obtained in previous investigational work along these 36 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. lines were made the basis of extensive demonstrations. Pro- ducers were given practical advice regarding the proper methods of picking, grading, packing, handling, storing and shipping the more perishable products, such as fruits and vegetables. The proper construction not only of storage houses but also of refrigerator and heater cars was carefully studied, and the recommendations of the Bureau of Markets on car construction were accepted by the Railroad Adminis- tration and other agencies. UNITED STATES GRAIN STANDARDS ACT. The activities necessary to enforce the United States grain standards act were greatly increased during the year. The minimum guaranteed price fixed by the President was based upon the official standards established and promulgated by the Department, effective for winter wheat on July 1 and for spring wheat on August 1, 1918. Until 1917 fixed prices and restricted trading were features unknown in the history of grain marketing, and the wheat crop of that year was the first to be marketed under Federal standards and in com- pliance with the requirements of the act. Under these ex- traordinary conditions it was found necessary to revise the Federal wheat standards. This was done after hearings had been held throughout the country, to which producers, country shippers, grain dealers, and all other grain interests were invited. The revised standards harmonize as closely as possible with the desires of producers and consumers, and at the same time preserve fundamental grading principles. A minor revision of the official standards for shelled corn also was made, effective July 15, 1918. Prior to July 1, 1917, appeals from grades assigned to grain by licensed inspectors could be entertained by the Department only in reference to shelled corn. After that date appeals from the grades assigned to wheat by such in- spectors were considered, thus greatly broadening: tho scope Report of the Secretary. 37 of the Department’s grain-grading activities. Under Govern- ment control the price of wheat depends entirely upon its grade, and this fact stimulated appeals for the determination of the true grade. During the period covered by this report approximately 1,250 appeals were taken. This is an increase of more than 100 per cent over the number in the preceding year. Under cooperative arrangements with the Food Ad- ministration the services of the grain supervisors of the Department were made available to the United States Grain Corporation in matters pertaining to the grading of grain under its jurisdiction. Grade determinations made in this way extended into the thousands. Wheat moving to large terminal markets was inspected and graded by inspectors licensed by the Department under the grain standards act, and the responsibility of the Department, therefore, with respect to the efficiency of the work of licensed inspectors was greatly enhanced. The records of the Department show that considerable progress was made in this direction, and the methods of supervising the work of licensed inspectors recently adopted should secure further improvement. The demand for the official inspection of grain is steadily increas- ing. There are now 330 licensed inspectors and 120 inspec- tion points, and within the fiscal year 438,703 cars of corn and 337,344 cars of wheat were graded under the act. DISTRIBUTION OF LOW-GRADE COTTON. It has been very difficult to obtain correct commercial differences for cotton during the past season owing to the great demand for the high grades and the falling off of that for the low grades. To add to the difficulty, the latter become concentrated at a limited number of designated spot markets. These markets endeavored to submit correct quo- tations for them, while other markets were at a loss as to how to arrive at correct differences. This caused some mar- kets to quote the very low grades at a much wider discount 38 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture, than others. The apparent result was that the average dif- ferences for these grades were comparatively so narrow as to make their delivery on future contracts very profitable. A further result was that the parity between spot cotton and future cotton was greatly disturbed, future contracts depreciating in value on account of the comparatively high prices at which the low-grade product was delivered on them. Realizing that it was economically unsound for an appre- ciable portion of the crop practically to become dead stock and to be excluded from use, this Department took steps to secure its proper utilization, particularly through a modifi- cation of Government contracts. It was believed to be fea- sible to use lower grade cotton without reducing the serv- iceability of the manufactured fabric. Steps were taken also, through cooperation with the designated spot markets, to assure the accuracy of quotations. It may be desirable to amend the rules for obtaining differences in order to secure more nearly accurate quotations for the grades of which some markets may from time to time become bare. The possibility of formulating a workable plan is being considered. THE PINK BOLLWORM OF COTTON. Attention was called last year to the establishment in the Laguna, the principal cotton-growing district of Mexico, of the pink bollworm of cotton. The quarantine action as to Mexican cotton and cotton seed, as well as the provision for a very complete Mexican border control service, was then noted, and reference also was made to the clean-up opera- tions with the mills in Texas which, prior to the discovery” of this insect in Mexico, received Mexican cotton seed for crushing. There were three points of infestation in Texas last year, at Hearne, Beaumont, and the much larger Trinity Bay dis- trict. They are under effective control. No additional areas have been found. Report of the Secretary. 39 The Trinity Bay infestation was the most serious, covering 6,000 acres. It undoubtedly was not due to the importation of cotton seed from Mexico prior to the establishment of the quarantine in 1916. The insect has been present there for three or four years, and it must have been introduced either through some importation of foreign cotton seed in violation of the Federal quarantine, or, as seems more probable, through storm-distributed cotton or cotton seed from Mexico. Following the great storm of 1915, cotton lint and cotton seed, some of which came from the Laguna, Mexico, were observed quite generally about the shores of the bay. The distribution of the insect, as determined in the survey and clean-up work of the fall and winter of 1917-18, strongly supports this theory of origin. The State of Texas, under the authority of the cotton quarantine act passed by the special session of the State legis- lature on October 3, 1917, cooperated very materially in the work of extermination. The small district at Hearne, Tex., and the important Trinity Bay region, including Beaumont, involving in whole or in part eight counties in Texas, were placed under quarantine by the State and the growing of cotton in these districts prohibited for a period of three years or longer. The eradication operations of last fall and winter included the infested and noninfested cotton fields and were carried out, in cooperation with the State of Texas, under special appropriations to the Department of $50,000, available March 4, 1917, and $250,000, available October 6, 1917. All standing cotton was uprooted and burned, and scattered bolls and parts of plants were also collected and burned. The seed “was milled under proper safeguards and the lint shipped from Galveston to Europe. In the Trinity Bay and Beau- mont districts, a total of 8,794 acres of cotton land was cleaned at an average labor cost of $9.94 per acre. 40 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture, In addition to these two quarantined areas a border dis- trict, comprising the counties of Kinney, Maverick, and Val- verde, was placed under control by proclamation of the Governor of Texas. This action was taken because of the infestation of cotton lands in Mexico, nearly opposite Eagle Pass, within 25 miles of the Texas border. The growing of cotton in these counties and its transportation from them are forbidden under the terms of the quarantine for a term of three years or more. The most encouraging feature of the year’s work is the fact that not a single egg, larva, or moth of the pest was found within either of the quarantined areas, or elsewhere in Texas, during the season of 1918. This would seem to indicate the effectiveness of the operations of last year and furnishes reason for expecting the complete extermination of the insect. If this result is achieved, it will be the largest successful entomological experiment of the kind in history. TEXAS BORDER QUARANTINE SERVICE. The regulation of the entry into the United States from Mexico of railway cars and other vehicles, freight, express, baggage, and other materials, and their inspection, cleaning, and disinfection, was continued during the year with a view to prevent the accidental movement of cotton and cotton seed. This service covers the ports of El Paso, Laredo, Del Rio, Eagle Pass, and Brownsville. During the year 25,257 cars have been inspected and passed for entrance into this country. The general presence of cotton seed necessitated the fumi- gation of practically all cars and freight coming from Mex-— ico, with the exception of certain cars used for the shipment of ore and lumber. These cars were offered for entry princi- pally at the port of El Paso, and, under arrangement with the importing companies, were thoroughly cleaned of cotton seed at the point of origin before loading, and so certified. Report of the Secretary. 41 At present the best available means of disinfection in- volves the use of hydrocyanic-acid gas generated within the ears. This method, however, is unsatisfactory on account of the poor condition of the cars and the fact that it does not destroy insects which may be resting on the exterior. In the circumstances, it was necessary to provide for the requi- site disinfection in specially constructed houses capable of containing one or more cars at a time. Contracts have been let for five such houses at the ports indicated, and their con- struction is now well under way. At Del Rio no railroad crosses the border, and a building is being erected to take care of traffic in wagons and motor trucks. Each structure is provided with a system of generators in which hydro- cyanic-acid gas is produced. The expense of disinfection _ will be assumed by the Department, and a charge will be made only to cover the cost of the labor, other than super-_ vision, and of the chemicals used. Under the law the moneys so received must be turned into the Treasury of the United States. This will result in a very considerable de- pletion of the appropriation available for the work, and it will, therefore, be necessary to ask Congress for an emer- gency appropriation to reimburse the fund thus expended. THE SITUATION IN MEXICO. The situation in Mexico, as determined by surveys con- ducted during the last two years, seems to confirm the view that the infestation there is limited to the Laguna district and to two small isolated areas opposite Eagle Pass, Tex. This indicates a much more favorable outlook for the possi- ble future extermination of the insect in Mexico than had been anticipated. The experiment station established last year by the De- _ partment in the Laguna district to study the problem and to conduct field experiments with reference to the substitution of other crops for cotton secured much needed information 42 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. relating to the habits and food plants of the insect. This information will be very useful in determining the most efficient means of eradication and of preventing the spread of the pest. The wheat and corn crops of the Laguna this year have been unusually successful, and the peanuts and castor-bean crops have given good promise. NURSERY STOCK IMPORTATIONS. The need of additional restrictions on the entry into this country of certain classes of nursery stock and other plants and seeds has been under consideration. The danger of introducing destructive diseases with plants having earth about the roots and plants and seeds of all kinds for propa- gation from little-known or little-explored countries is espe- cially great. The large risks from importations of these two classes arise from the impossibility of properly inspect- ing the former and from the dangers which can not be fore- seen with respect to the latter. Examination of such material is necessarily difficult, and the discovery of infesting insects, particularly if hidden in bark or wood, or of evidences of disease is largely a matter of chance. Such control, there- fore, as a condition of entry is a very imperfect safeguard. There has developed throughout the country a wide inter- est in the subject which has manifested itself in numerous requests from official bodies all over the Union for greater restriction on plant imports. As a basis for such additional restrictions, a public hearing was held in May at which the whole subject was fully discussed with all of the interests concerned, As a result, it is proposed to issue a quarantine which shall restrict the entry of foreign plants and seeds for propagation substantially to field, vegetable, and flower seeds, certain bulbs, rose stocks, and fruit stocks, cuttings, and scions. The entry of these classes of plants is repre- sented to be essential to the floriculture and horticulture of this country. ; Report of the Secretary. 43 CITRUS CANKER. Since the autumn of 1914 the Department has cooperated with the Gulf States in a campaign to eradicate the canker disease of citrus fruit and trees. Notwithstanding its wide dissemination before its identity and nature were determined, the progress of the work has been very satisfactory. There appears to be no doubt that the few infections occurring in South Carolina and Georgia have been located and eradi- cated, so that further work in these States will not be neces- sary. The extent of the disease in Florida, where the citrus industry is of great magnitude, has been very greatly re- duced. In that State, where the total number of properties found to be infected was 479, scattered through 22 counties, the number remaining under quarantine has been reduced to 47. Only 15 canker-infected trees were discovered during the first six months of 1918. The malady is of such highly infectious and virulent nature, however, that it will be neces- sary to continue the work in all the citrus-growing areas of the State for some time after the orchards appear to be clean in order to prevent the possibility of outbreaks from any latent or inconspicuous infection that might have escaped the observation of the forces. In Alabama, Mississippi, Louisi- ana, and Texas it is believed that any further seriously de- structive outbreaks of canker can be prevented. CROP ESTIMATES. The Bureau of Crop Estimates rendered service of great value to the country by its regular monthly and annual crop reports and by its special inquiries for country-wide infor- mation relating to particular phases of agriculture urgently needed for immediate use by the Government. It systemat- ically arranged and translated into American units prob- ably the most complete collection of data in the world relat- ing to the agriculture of foreign countries. Since the be- ginning of the European war, and more especially since the 44 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture, entry of the United States, it has compiled many statistical statements regarding crop and live-stock production, im- ports, exports, per capita consumption, and estimated stocks on hand in foreign countries for the Department, the Food Administration, and the War Trade Board. The Monthly Crop Reports, which include current esti- mates of acreages planted and harvested, growing condition, forecasts and estimates of yield per acre, total production and numbers of different classes of live stock, farm prices, stocks of grain remaining on farms, farm wages, and prog- ress of farm work, were especially valuable. Upon the information contained in them was based much of the constructive work of the Department, the Food Administra- tion, the State colleges of agriculture and experiment stations, and many State and local organizations interested in main- taining, conserving, marketing, and distributing the food supply. For collecting original data the bureau has two main sources of information—voluntary reporters and salaried field agents. The voluntary force comprises 33,743 township reporters, one for each agricultural township; 2,752 county reporters, who report monthly or oftener on county-wide conditions, basing their estimates on personal observation, inquiry, and written reports of aids, of whom there are about 5,500; 19 special lists, aggregating 137,000 names, who report on particular products, such as live stock, cotton, wool, rice, tobacco, potatoes, apples, peanuts, beans, and the like; and 20,160 field aids, including the best informed men in each State, who report directly to the salaried field agents of the bureau. The total voluntary staff, therefore, num- bers approximately 200,000, an average of about 66 for each county and 4 for each township. The reporters, as a rule, are farmers. They serve without compensation, and are selected and retained on the lists because of their knowledge of local conditions, their public spirit, and their interest in Report of the Secretary. 45 the work. All except county and field aids report directly to the bureau, and each class of reports is tabulated and averaged separately for each crop and State. The bureau has 42 salaried field agents, one stationed per- manently in each of the principal States or group of small States, and 11 crop specialists. These employees are in the classified civil service. All have had some practical experi- ence in farming. Most of them are graduates of agricultural colleges, and are trained in statistical methods and crop esti- mating. They travel approximately three weeks each month, the fourth week being required for tabulating and summariz- ing the data collected. They send their reports directly to the Department in special envelopes or telegraph them in code. These are carefully safeguarded until the Crop Re- port is issued. Additional information is secured from the Weather Bu- reau, the Bureau of the Census, State tax assessors, thrashers, grain mills and elevators, grain transportation lines, the principal live-stock markets, boards of trade and chambers of commerce, growers and shippers’ associations, and various private crop estimating agencies. Specific reports from the field service are assembled in Washington, tabulated, av- eraged, and summarized separately for each source, each crop, and each State. The resulting figures are checked against one another and against similar data for the previous month, for the same month of the previous year, and for the average of the same month for the previous 10 years; and a separate and independent estimate for each crop and State is made by each member of the crop reporting board, after which the board agrees upon and adopts a single figure for each crop and State. This, in brief, is an outline of the organization and system which has been developed in the Department through more than half a century of experience in crop estimating, and in- _ dicates the care and thoroughness with which Government 46 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture, crop reports are prepared. Because the monthly Govern- ment crop reports and annual estimates are fundamentally important as the basis of programs of the Department and the State colleges of agriculture for crop and live-stock pro- duction, marketing, distribution, and conservation, for the promotion of agriculture as an industry, for the guidance of individual farmers, for appropriate national and State legis- lation affecting agriculture and the food supply, it is believed that the crop-reporting service should be strengthened. This should be done through estimates by counties as well as by States. Then a near approach to census completeness and accuracy could be made, especially with reference to crop acreages and numbers of live stock; a clearer differentiation between total production and the commercial surplus would be possible, and the Department would be better able to an- alyze, chart, and report country and world-wide agricultural conditions with special reference to surplus and deficient crop and live stock production. SEED-GRAIN LOANS IN DROUTH AREAS. Acting upon urgent representations that many wheat growers in certain sections of the West who lost two suc- cessive crops by winter killing and drouth had exhausted their resources and might be compelled to forego fall plant- ing and, in some cases, to abandon their homes unless im- mediate assistance was extended, the President, at my sug- gestion, on July 27 placed $5,000,000 at the disposal of the Treasury Department and the Department of Agriculture to enable them to furnish aid to that extent. The primary object of this fund was not to stimulate the planting of an increased fall acreage of wheat in the severely affected drouth areas, or even necessarily to secure the planting of a normal acreage, but rather to assist in tiding the farmers over the period of stress, to enable them to remain on their farms, and to plant such acreage as might be deemed wise under all Report of the Secretary. 47 conditions, with a view to increase the food supply of the Nation and to add to the national security and defense. It was distinctly not intended to be used to stimulate the plant- ing of wheat or any other grain where such planting is not wise from an agricultural view and where other crops or activities are safer. The Federal land banks of the districts embracing the affected areas were designated as the financial agents of the Government to make and collect the loans. The coopera- tion of local banks was sought and secured in the taking of applications and in the temporary financing of farmers pending advances of Federal funds upon approved appli- cations and the execution of necessary papers. Assistant Secretary G. I. Christie was designated to represent the Department of Agriculture in the Northwest, and Mr. Leon M. Estabrook, Chief of the Bureau of Crop Estimates, in the Southwest, in organizing the work and approving seed-loan applications. These officers were in- structed to cooperate fully with the land banks in their dis- tricts acting for the Treasury Department. Several agrono- mists and field agents were detailed to assist each of this Department’s representatives. The Northwest district in- cluded the western portion of North Dakota and portions of Montana and Washington; the Southwest district, portions of western Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and eastern New Mexico. Early in August headquarters were established at Great Falls, Mont., and at Wichita, Kans. Conferences were held with specialists of the State colleges of agriculture, and a list of counties was agreed upon in which it was deemed wise to make loans. County agents represented the De- partment of Agriculture in each county and, with the as- sistance of local inspection committees made up of mem- bers-of county farm bureaus and county councils of defense, inspected the fields and verified the sworn statements of the applicants. 48 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. Loans were made only to farmers who, by reason of two successive crop failures resulting from drouth in the com- munity, had exhausted their commercial credit. A limit of $3 an acre on not more than 100 acres was fixed. The farmers agreed to use seed and methods approved by the Department. They signed a promissory note for the amount of the loan, with interest at the rate of 6 per cent, payable in the fall of 1919, and executed a mortgage giving the Goy- ernment a first lien on the crop to be grown on the acreage specified. Furthermore, provision was made for a guarantee fund, each borrower agreeing to contribute 15 cents for each bushel in excess of a yield of 6 bushels per acre planted under the agreement. A maximum contribution of 75 cents per acre was fixed. The object of this fund is to safeguard the Government against loss. If it exceeds the loss it will be refunded pro rata to the contributors. The demands for assistance were smaller than had been represented or anticipated. Estimates and suggestions for appropriations ranging from $20,000,000 to $40,000,000 had been made. Approximately 1,835 applications were ap- proved in the Northwest for a total of $371,198, and in the Southwest 8,806 for $2,025,262, or a total of 10,641 applica- tions, involving $2,396,460. The number and amount for each State are: State. Number. | Amount. Montana, .. «0 2-0 sato vena Sassen ae a alm alm peel at eo 1, 480 $300, 919 North Dakota........ odie deveseaelne sites seuwels kan = shaue se aaae eee 338 65, 944 Washington... vi. ose aude eaten oe 6k «oe gen pee Oe 17 4, 335 TDOXAS. «620s once on nisan clees pes a sieidwn Sete mion ele ete te iat 1, 336 292, 651 KSMS9S. 20.055 octaves csdbicccsteccksst vaklene phe dee aeneas sees see 3, 531 943, 147 Oklahoma... «..¢s002 cass pede ness de aah saen ese en 3, 852 773, 271 NOW Mexl60... 2.2. cwaccicnuwet stusenvnvus ewe slah @aegade ena 87 16, 193 Total, ....00 cede snccessdabveonguscacbseeme sean ieee 10,641 2, 396, 460 It was recognized that there were farmers in the North- west who would probably be in even more urgent need of Report of the Secretary. 49 assistance for their spring operations. As soon as it was seen that there would be a considerable unexpended balance from the fall planting activities, announcement was made that it would be expended for the spring planting of wheat. Since the cost of seeding spring wheat is greater than that for the fall, it was indicated that the loan would be made on the basis of $5 an acre, with a limitation of 100 acres. It appears from a survey of the situation that the remainder of the fund will take care of the urgent cases. The spirit of.the farmers in both sections was exception- ally fine. Only those seem to have sought aid who could not otherwise remain on their farms and continue their opera- tions. The number who appeared permanently to have abandoned their homes was relatively small. A considerable number of the men found temporary employment either in the industries of the West or on transportation lines, earning enough to provide for the subsistence of their families and to carry their live stock through the winter. THE FARM-LABOR SUPPLY. The Department of Agriculture continued throughout the year to give earnest attention to the securing and mobiliza- tion of an adequate supply of farm labor. It maintained its representatives, stationed in each State in the spring of 1917, and perfected its own organization, enlisting the more active cooperation of the county agents and other extension workers. It more fully coordinated its activities with the Department of Labor, a representative of this Department having been designated a member of the War Labor Policies Board which was created by the President. It also aided the War Depart- ment in connection with the classification of agricultural registrants. Special efforts were made, beginning early in the year, to impress upon the residents of urban communities the necessity of aiding farmers in the planting and harvest- ing of their crops. The response to appeals along this line 98911°—yBK 1918——-4 50 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture, was generous. In Kansas, for example, where the situation was especially difficult, the reports indicate that more than 45,000 workers were supplied to farmers to assist in the wheat harvest. The potato crop in two counties in Texas was saved through the aid of the business men in the local communities, and in Illinois 35,000 workers were registered for harvest work. Many other examples could be cited, but the results of all these activities are clearly indicated by the fact that, although the largest acreage on record was planted, the great crops of the year were harvested under difficulties not appreciably greater than those in normal times. PUBLICATION AND INFORMATION WORK. The dissemination of useful and timely printed informa- tion in relation to agriculture is one of the prime functions of the Department. This is the task primarily of the Di- vision of Publications and the Office of Information. It has reached great proportions. There were published during the year 2,546 documents of all kinds, the editions of which ag- gregated 97,259,399 copies, an increase of more than 51.6 per cent over the output of last year. This includes 341 earlier publications, the editions of which totaled 19,947,500, reprinted to supply the continuing demand, and 28,258,500 copies of emergency leaflets, pamphlets, posters, and the like issued in connection with the efforts of the Department to stimulate production. All previous records with regard to new Farmers’ Bulletins were broken, 130 new bulletins in this series having been issued, the editions of which aggre- gated 10,815,000 copies. Of the 236 bulletins reprinted to supply the continuing demand, the editions reached 10,884,000 copies. The total issues of the bulletins in this series, there- fore, amounted to 21,699,000 copies. Noteworthy improvement in the character, form, and gen- eral appearance of the bulletins was accomplished during the year. Many of the earlier bulletins were revised and re- Report of the Secretary. 51 duced, all extraneous matter eliminated, specific and positive statements substituted, and reprinted with attractive cover designs and text illustrations. INFORMATION SERVICE, To meet the increasing needs of the Department for pub- licity in its campaigns to stimulate food production and conservation, the services to the press of the country were largely extended. In addition to furnishing information to farmers through the agricultural and rural press, the De- partment has found it wise to present to people of the cities accurate statements of its recommendations and advice on the distribution and saving of food materials; and the work of the Department was enlarged to this end. An illustrated weekly news service is now furnished on request to 3,200 dailies and weeklies, which set the type in their ‘own offices, through plate-making concerns to 250 papers, and to 4,000 smaller weeklies in ready print, a total of 7,450 publications. It is probable that this service reaches 15,000,000 to 20,000,000 readers weekly. A home-garden series and a canning-drying series were distributed in much the same manner. The Weekly News Letter, enlarged from 8 pages to 16 pages on occasions, has a circulation of 130,000. It reaches newspapers and other publications, Federal and State agri- cultural workers and cooperators, agricultural leaders, libra- ries, and chambers of commerce. As the official organ of the Department, it carries material intended to further national agricultural campaigns and publishes official statements. Popular articles discussing the experimental results of and advice on agricultural methods also are used in more de- tail than in other departmental news channels. Through its mimeographed news service, the Department furnishes daily, or as the necessity for prompt distribution demands, timely information regarding its activities to press associations, correspondents, newspapers, agricultural jour- 52 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. nals, and specialized publications generally or locally. By reason of its increased activities, the amount of material supplied through this channel in the last year has been ap- proximately doubled. Conferences were held with agricultural editors to deter- mine how the Department could better aid them, to acquaint them with its production programs and purposes, and to obtain their suggestions and enlist their cooperation. The needs of the farm press also were ascertained in an extensive questionnaire in which editors were invited to indicate their requirements in detail and to give other information useful to the Department in further developing its agricultural press service. During the year a reclassification of mailing lists was completed. The lists as now established provide for more intelligent distribution of material generally and locally and-make it easier to avoid unnecessary duplication and waste. ‘ EXHIBITS. At present the Department of Agriculture is the only ex- ecutive department maintaining an Office of Exhibits. Its purpose is to centralize the administration of the exposition services of the Department and to secure uniformity of prac- tice in designing and displaying its educational exhibits. During the past year this work developed along lines con- nected with the stimulation of food production and conserva- tion. The demands for exhibits from fair associations and similar organizations were so great that it was impossible fully to meet them. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1918, the Depart- ment made, through the Office of Exhibits, over-30 exhibi- tions and demonstrations relating to food production, con- servation, and distribution. These exhibitions covered a wide range of territory, from New England to Florida and California, and brought the work of the Department to the Report of the Secretary. 53 direct attention of more than 3,000,000 people. At a number of these fairs the Department’s exhibits occupied areas of 5,000 square feet or more, and the attendance ran from 150,- 000 to 950,000. In response to a widespread popular request for war ex- hibits at the larger fairs, the Secretary of Agriculture, on April 5, 1918, addressed a communication to the Secretaries of War, Navy, Interior, and Commerce Departments, and to the Food Administration, and invited a conference of repre- sentatives from those Departments to work out, with officers of the Department of Agriculture, a coordinated plan of ac- tion. This resulted in the formation of a Joint Committee on Government Exhibits, composed of. representatives from each of the Departments named. The expert on exhibits of this Department was made chairman of the committee. A plan was evolved and executed to send an impressive joint Government exhibit to 37 State and other fairs and expo- sitions. It is believed that this exhibit was of the highest value in educating and stimulating the people to greater in- dustrial activities, to larger agricultural production, and to a broader and deeper appreciation of their country and Gov- ernment. MOTION PICTURES. The dissemination of information by means of motion pictures, which hitherto has been conducted only on an ex- perimental basis, was, by action of Congress, given a definite allotment of funds, which enabled the Department to under- take the systematic development of this activity. Films prepared in the Department’s laboratory were used very ef- fectively in connection with its efforts to recruit farm labor, encourage the preservation of perishable fruits and vege- tables, prevent forest fires, and stimulate agricultural pro- duction. They were shown, through the extension service, to approximately 500,000 people at demonstration meetings, 54 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. county and State fairs, schools, churches, and municipal gatherings, and, by arrangement with one of the commercial companies, to about 4,000,000 people at motion-picture theaters. The film companies actively cooperated with the Department and rendered valuable assistance by placing in- formation and appeals of an emergency character before the patrons of the theaters served by them. PURCHASE AND DISTRIBUTION OF NITRATE OF SODA. The food control act, which authorized the President to procure and sell nitrate of soda to farmers at cost for the purpose of increasing production, appropriated $10,000,000 for that purpose. By direction of the President, the War Industries Board made arrangements for the purchase of the - nitrate and the Secretary of Agriculture for its sale and distribution. The Bureau of Markets was designated as the agency to handle the work for the Department. Contracts were made for the purchase of about 120,000 short tons of nitrate, and arrangements were effected through the Shipping Board to secure tonnage for transporting it from Chile. ae security offered, an inspector who is a practical cattleman is sent out to make personal inspection of the facilities for caring for the stock, the amount of feed on hand, and the general reputation of the applicant as a cattleman; to count the cattle; and to determine whether they correspond with the description given in the application, The loan is gen- erally made or rejected on the inspector’s report. Note and mortgage—lf the application is approved, the applicant is required to make out a note for the amount asked and to execute a chattel mortgage on the stock and its increase, together with the feed on hand. Sometimes the mortgage also includes the facilities for handling the stock, such as horses and machinery. The business reputation of the applicant, his honesty, his reputation as a cattleman, and the collateral offered are the Cattle Loans and their Value to Investors. 103 factors that determine to a large extent whether a loan shall be made. Meeting obligations promptly and without resort to technicalities is of primary importance in obtaining credit. Persons with known ability to care for their stock and with suflicient collateral find it difficult to obtain credit if they have a reputation for taking advantage of techni- calities in meeting their obligations. Ability to handle stock properly and advantageously is essential if the safety of the loan is not to be impaired. The growth and development of stock furnishes a margin of safety, since this is depended upon to care for declines in the market. The collateral taken is supposed to be suf- ficient to take care of any normal market fluctuations and the growth of the stock is supposed to take care of unusual declines. It is apparent, therefore, that the cattleman’s ability properly to take care of his stock is fully as vital as the collateral he offers. The amount loaned is from half to full value of the stock. It is customary to loan from 75 to 80 per cent of the value of the stock on the ground that 20 to 25 per cent is ample margin for safety. Sometimes, especially in the case of feeders, if the applicant has a reputation for finishing his stock for market and has ample feed, he can obtain a loan equal to the market value of his stock at the time of borrow- ing. The condition of the market has a bearing upon the making of such loans. Unlike other collateral, live stock becomes more valuable by growth and by increase. Because of these two factors the hazards of loaning are greatly re- duced and the margin required for safety need not be as great as that crdinarily required in loans on other chattels. The conservative loaning agency, however, requires a safe margin in addition to the feed on hand, except in cases where the applicant’s financial ability justifies the loan on grounds other than the collateral offered. NATURE OF THE LOAN. The size of loans ranges from a few hundred to a million dollars. Small loans are more advantageously negotiated through local agencies, since they are familiar with the ap- plicant and his financial standing and do not have the expense of inspection. If the loan is not of such a size as 104 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. to justify this expense, cattle loan companies can not afford to make it unless they are familiar with the applicant’s financial ability and can make the loan regardless of the collateral offered. Cattle loans are short-term paper, generally running for a period of six months. This time is adopted because of the rediscount feature of the cattle loaning business and because that length of time will ordinarily be long enough for the “ feeding out” of a bunch of cattle. In the case of loans on stockers and breeders, there is an understanding that they will be renewed if desired. INTEREST RATES. Interest rates fundamentally rest upon the rediscount rate and upon competition. In other words, they depend upon the ease or difficulty of getting money in financial centers and upon the desirability of the individual loan. Interest rates have a tendency to rise or fall as rates in re- discount centers rise or fall. Slght variations in rediscount rates would have little or no effect on interest rates, but any marked fluctuations would immediately affect the rates charged on loans. Where money is plentiful and easy, com- petition tends to force interest rates down on all loans, but even when the money market tightens up, competition af- fects rates on desirable loans. The size and the cost of making the loan, including in- spection, are the factors which affect rates on individual loans, The size of the loan has a direct bearing on the rate, since the expense of making a small loan is much larger relatively than that of making a large loan. In fact, unless the financial standing of the applicant is such as to justify the loan without inspection, a small loan can not be made at a profit. The cost of inspection also has a vital bearing upon the interest rate, since this cost, with the exception of overhead expense, is the largest single factor chargeable against the expense of making a loan. Remote and isolated locations make inspection difficult and expensive, and the cost, therefore, is directly influenced by the accessibility of the collateral. The reputation of the applicant as a cattle- man not only affects the question of whether.the loan shall Cattle Loans and their Value to Investors. 105 be made, but also has a direct bearing upon the rate. If his reputation as a cattleman is such as to justify a loan, the quality of such reputation will affect the interest rate. REDISCOUNTING THE LOAN. Loans are rediscounted locally and in large financial cen- ters. The cattle loan company forwards the note, together with the chattel mortgage, and sometimes copies of the in- spector’s report and the financial statement of the maker to the bank. It also indorses the note and thus guarantees its payment. The value of the guaranty lies in the character of the company and in its capital stock. Eastern banks, which are large purchasers of cattle paper, pay particular attention to the financial and business reputation of the companies offering paper for sale. They carefully scrutinize both the collateral back of cattle paper and the organization making the loan. Cattle loan companies establish affiliations with strong banks that are in the market for commercial paper, and carefully guard all financial transactions with them. In this way their credit is established, and they usually have a ready sale for their paper. In the cattle loaning business, as in all matters of credit, character is a prime factor. The importance of the rediscount feature is apparent when it is realized that companies with a capital stock of $100,000 loan many times that amount on cattle in a year. In most cases the spread between the interest rate and the rediscount rate is from 1} to 3 per cent, although it is usually from 2 to 24 per cent. It is generally claimed that the cost of making a loan is from 1 to 14 per cent, other things being equal, the cost decreasing with the size of the loan. The difference between the cost and the spread repre- sents the profits of the company, and is the share it takes for assuming the risk and making available a constant source of Credit to responsible borrowers. SAFEGUARDING THE LOAN. It is doubtful whether any other commercial paper is more carefully safeguarded than are cattle loans. Responsible agencies make exhaustive inquiries into every phase of risk connected with the loan, The applicant’s business reputa- 98911°—rBK 1918——8 106 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. tion, his ability as a cattleman, his financial standing, and the collateral offered as security are all subjected to investi- gation. In addition, practically all loaning agencies are members of the various State cattle raisers’ associations. The brands and descriptions of cattle offered as collateral are recorded with these associations by the loaners of money. The associations keep inspectors in all the large central markets, and when cattle appear on the market carrying the brands of those mortgaged for loans, the commission firms handling them are notified and the amount of money for which the animal sells is automatically turned over to the holder of the note and mortgage. In this way lenders of money are protected against losses by theft and by the acci- dental selling of individual animals. The chief concern, however, of the buyer of cattle paper should not be whether all the usual requirements of loaning money on cattle have been met, but whether the reputation of the company that made the loan justifies the conclusion that these requirements have been rigidly and thoroughly complied with. The indiscriminate purchase of cattle paper based only upon the apparent sufficiency of the collateral is fraught with hazard. Like other commercial paper, the real basis for confidence rests in the integrity and business sagacity of the agency making and guaranteeing the loan. LIQUIDITY OF THE LOAN. A marked feature of cattle loans is their liquidity. Short- term paper is demanded by banks, since it keeps their finances liquid and in a readily available state. The vicissi- tudes of business, however, as well as the desires of the bor- rower, make the renewal of ordinary short-term paper, with sight curtailments, a common and _ necessary practice. While renewals are necessary on stockers and breeders, re- quests for renewals are unusual in the case of cattle that are being fed for market. They must be marketed when they are finished. Any lengthy delays will result in loss. Loans made on this class of stock automatically liquidate them- selves. The cattle virtually walk up to the teller’s window and pay the loan. This feature of cattle paper adds to its desirability as an investment. Cattle Loans and their Value to Investors. 107 SERVICE RENDERED BY CATTLE LOAN COMPANIES. The services which cattle loan companies render may be summed up as follows: 1. They make readily accessible to responsible borrowers financial assistance in large volume. The cattle industry in the range country is conducted on a large scale. Large sums are*needed for its maintenance. Local agencies are seldom able to furnish these sums because of lack of capital and of legal limitations. Loan companies furnish capital to re- sponsible persons in the needful amounts. 2. They furnish funds at rates generally not in excess of and sometimes under the prevailing local rate. Desirable loans are sometimes obtained at advantageous rates because of the element of competition. THE BUYER OF CATTLE PAPER. The conservative buyer of cattle paper will take into con- sideration certain fundamental factors. 1. He will carefully scrutinize the collateral back of the note. He should be familiar with market values of animals so as to be able to determine whether the collateral is suf- ficient. The margin of safety in the loan becomes a funda- mental protection. - 2. He will obtain full information as to the business ability and integrity of the agency making and guarantee- ing the loan. For the average purchaser, this factor is the most essential one to consider. The safety of the loan de- pends not only on the agency’s honesty but on its business ability as well. _ 3. He will exercise particular caution in purchasing split loans. When a borrower obtains money on his cattle from two or more agencies, his loans are called split loans. Such loans are particularly hazardous, since they afford oppor- tunity for sharp practices by dishonest borrowers. Many agencies refuse to make them. Split loans should be dealt in only by experienced purchasers of cattle paper. 4, Loans bearing unusually high interest rates should be scrutinized. High interest rates are indicative of out-of- the-ordinary conditions, and among these conditions may be an unusual risk. 108 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. THE BORROWER ON CATTLE SECURITY. The borrower of money for the purpose of developing and finishing his cattle for market is interested in certain factors which are vital to him. 1. He is interested in the character of the company from which he borrows. It should do a conservative business, for its ability to care for him in time of financial stress depends upon the safeguards with which it surrounds its loans. He is especially interested in whether it has the reputation of taking care of its borrowers. Should he be compelled to market his cattle at an inopportune time because of the calling of a loan, it might mean serious loss. 2. He is interested in the rate that he has to pay for money. If he is negotiating a loan of moderate size, he can not expect, under ordinary conditions, to obtain it at a pre- ferred rate. He should not be obliged, however, to pay more than the prevailing rate. A high rate would indicate either -that there was lack of competition or that his loan was con- sidered more hazardous than the average. Generally the borrower can eliminate the element of unusual hazard; his credit rests primarily on his reputation, and this can be established. BENEFIT TO THE INDUSTRY. The importance of cattle loans is evidenced by the fact that several hundred millions of dollars are put out yearly by established loaning agencies in large central markets. The safeguarding of these loans through well-established practices has a direct and important effect upon the cattle industry as a whole, since a steady flow of money into the industry is dependent upon the reputation of cattle paper in financial centers. During the last few years the losses on eattle paper have been few. This has been due to a grad- ually rising and well-sustained market and to the care that loaning agencies have exercised in making loans and in pro- tecting the reputation of cattle paper. The borrower, as well as the loaning agencies, has been a beneficiary, for money has been made more steadily available in needful amounts. The cattle industry, especially the ranching end of it, like any other large industry, is dependent upon credit, and every legitimate agency which opens up credit sources and establishes them through standardized practices per- forms a useful service. BETTER POULTRY THROUGH COMMUNITY BREED- ING ASSOCIATIONS. By J. W. KINGHORNE, Animal Husbandry Division, Bureau of Animal Industry. COMMUNITY ASSOCIATIONS FOLLOW EDUCATIONAL WORK. TTVHE Petaluma district of California, the Little Comp- ton section of Rhode Island, and the Vineland com- munity of New Jersey have received national recognition as important producing centers of poultry and eggs. Yet, probably these districts would be heard of but little had they not centered effort on one breed of poultry. A community interest in any one type, breed, or variety of live stock is one of the greatest steps toward better and more profitable agri- culture that a rural section can inaugurate. Community poultry-breeding associations are the natural and logical outgrowth of poultry educational work. In numerous cases, they have followed activities by the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture and State agricultural colleges in en- couraging boys’ and girls’ poultry clubs. CONCENTRATION ON ONE BREED PROFITABLE. Besides the various general advantages derived through cooperative effort, a community poultry-breeding club creates additional interest by centering all its efforts on one breed or variety of fowl. Under such an arrangement all the members raise the same kind of poultry, and conse- quently their interests are mutual. The best methods of handling and breeding the accepted breed or variety soon become common knowledge so far as the association is con- cerned, and each member’s experience is of value to the other members. Thus by concentrating all their efforts on one breed of poultry, the members build up a local industry that eventually becomes known as an important source of supply for fowls and eggs for market, eggs for hatching, breeding stock, and day-old chicks. 109 110 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. More than that, cooperative community poultry-breeding associations can be developed further to include cooperative buying. This is a direct means of reducing considerably the cost of feeds, supplies, and other necessary materials, Establishment of community breeding centers does not im- ply that the members of the association are engaged in the production of poultry to the exclusion of other farm prod- ucts. On the other hand, most of the poultry-breeding organizations that have been fostered by the Department of Agriculture and State colleges have been in communities where general farming is practiced. Development of community poultry-breeding associations has been especially noteworthy in Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. In practically every case the inter- est in poultry keeping, which is now evident on all sides, is in marked contrast to the former careless methods and lack of interest. EXAMPLES OF COMMUNITY ACCOMPLISHMENT. A striking example of community breeding accomplish- ment is furnished by the Barred Plymouth Rock Association, Farmville, Va. Organized for poultry improvement in 1915, this association has made such continuous and rapid growth that it has been incorporated, with a capital stock of $1,500, and a manager employed to handle its affairs. Receipts during the first five months of operation amounted to $7,500, and recent reports show that members of the association have on hand more than 6,000 Barred Plymouth Rock hens and pullets. In the spring of 1916 they sold 1,000 capons on a northern market. Before the Farmville association was formed, poultry keeping in that locality was merely incidental, an unim- portant side line to other farm activities. To-day poultry keeping is one of the important industries of that region, and even the casual traveler is impressed with the large numbers of Barred Plymouth Rocks on farms. Another excellent example of the change following com- munity breeding is found in Kentucky, where 17 counties have effected organizations. Each has selected a definite breed, and more than 83,000 eggs from standard-bred fowls have been distributed among members of the associations. Yearbook U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. PLATE Xl. Fig. Cities white Leghorn Fig. 2.—Barred Plymouth Rock cock. pullet. Fig. 3.—White Wyandotte cockerel. Fig. 4.—Single-comb Rhode Island Red pullet. REPRESENTATIVES OF SOME OF THE BREEDS MOST COMMONLY SELECTED BY COMMUNITY BREEDING ASSOCIATIONS. 110-L Yearbook U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. PLATE XII. eee. SS HH BEE S05 vex cer oe Br a a FIG. 1—COMMUNITY POULTRY-BREEDING HOUSE AND COMMUNITY POULTRY CLUB AT. MIDDLETOWN, VA. FIG. 2.—PEN OF BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS BELONGING TO MIDDLE- TOWN COMMUNITY BREEDING ASSOCIATION. 110-2 Better Poultry Through Breeding Associations. 111 Christian County, which is probably the oustanding ex- ample of community breeding in that State, is now known as a White Wyandotte center. Each year its reputation in that respect is growing and becoming better established. THE BREEDS COMMONLY SELECTED. As a rule fowls of the general-purpose type are selected as the community breed. The choice rests with the members, most of whom are farmers who prefer a general-purpose farm fowl. There has been a noticeable preference for the Plymouth Rock, Wyandotte, and Rhode Island Red. On the other hand, some communities have selected one of the well-known egg breeds, and are producing white-shelled eggs to meet a special market demand. Franklin County, Va., for instance, has a White Leghorn association of 75 mem- bers, which sells eggs in New York. In 6 counties of Ten- nessee associations developed in a similar way also raise White Leghorns and ship the eggs to New York. HOW COMMUNITY POULTRY ASSOCIATIONS ARE STARTED. Poultry-breeding associations are usually the outgrowth of pioneer work in organizing boys and girls into poultry clubs or of repeated efforts to interest producers in better poultry methods. In some instances, however, leaders in communities have expressed their desire to make an effort to establish for themselves a business or side line that will add to their incomes as individuals and likewise increase the prosperity of the community. In such promising localities, the first step in organization usually is to get the support of local business men. In small towns many business men own farms and consequently are in- terested in agriculture, which in turn benefits the various lines of business. At the same time their assistance is helpful in financing the association. In fact this is frequently ac- complished by. inducing the business men’s association to contribute a suitable fund for standard-bred stock which is to be distributed among the farmers who join the association. Cooperation of that kind is usually obtained easily if the business men are shown the advantages of the organization 112. Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. and how the increased prosperity eventually will benefit them. Another plan that has proved to be satisfactory in Overton County, Tenn., is direct financial assistance from the banks. In this case the banks advanced $1,000 to be invested in breeding pens through the cooperation of the poultry-club agent and the county agricultural agent. Each pen con- sisted of 10 hens or pullets and a male bird which cost on an average $2.50 a bird. The pens were placed with club members in the various communities. Each person who re- ceived a pen guaranteed to return, after the first year, 20 fowls in payment for the original 10 hens or pullets fur- nished him. Those 20 standard-bred fowls, together with 2 selected male birds, were divided into two pens and the next year were given under the same conditions to two additional club members. One of the requirements of the plan was the continuance of this “endless-chain ” system for 5 years, or until every member possessed at least one pen of standard- bred fowls. Thus the original pens have been multiplied by many hundreds, and the entire county has become well stocked with one breed of fowls. In order that the loan made by the bank might be re- turned, together with a reasonable rate of interest, the club members agreed to dispose of their mongrel hens when they ceased to become productive, and to apply the money on the loan. They agreed also that additional money in excess of the original allotment of $1,000 was to be deposited in the bank to further the club activities, DISPOSAL OF MONGREL STOCK. Since one of the principal purposes in creating com- munity poultry-breeding centers is to dispose of all mongrel stock and to unify the breed of the standard-bred stock, several plans have been adopted whereby the mongrel stock may be disposed of promptly and without loss to the member. The first plan to be practiced successfully in several com- munities was to set aside a day advertised as “ mongrel day,” when all members of the association were requested to bring to a certain point all their mongrel poultry, to be sold at regular market quotations and shipped to the best market. Yearbook U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. PLATE XIII. FIG. 1.—BOYS' AND GIRLS’ RHODE ISLAND RED COMMUNITY ASSOCIATION, CHAMP, VA. FIG. 2—GOVERNMENT POULTRY ADVISER INSTRUCTING MEMBERS OF THE FARMVILLE BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK ASSOCIATION IN THE USE OF MARKET-POULTRY SCORE CARD. 112-1 Yearbook U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. PLATE XIV. FIG. 1—FLOCK OF STANDARD-BRED BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS, Note uniformity, size, and color as contrasted with flock of mongrels shown in figure 2. FIG, 2.—FLOCK OF MONGREL HENS. Note how unattractive this flock is, compared with the flock of pure-bred Barred Plymouth Rocks shown above. 112-2 Better Poultry Through Breeding Associations. 113 A plan of that kind makes it possible to eliminate a large number of mongrels in a short time and make room for standard-bred stock. Sometimes members of the association may object to dis- posing of all their mongrels, especially their pullets and their hens that have not finished the second laying year. When that is the case, arrangements usually can be made whereby all mongrel cocks and cockerels are marketed, either by selling them at the regular market price or by getting the local poultry buyers to offer the member one standard-bred male bird of the community breed in exchange for two mongrels. ADVANTAGES OF COMMUNITY MARKETING. After the work is weil under way and the association is in position to market its products, the association secretary or manager should make arrangements to find a good market for eggs, especially in case lots, also broilers, surplus fowls, and possibly capons, as in the case of the Farmville, Va., association. When the marketing is done as an associa- tion, little difficulty is experienced in obtaining satisfactory returns. : To take advantage of other sources of revenue, the asso- ciation should advertise when it has breeding stock for sale. Advertisements should mention specifically that the associa- tion is in position to fill orders of considerable size, whether for hatching eggs, day-old chicks, or breeding stock. In time, if conditions warrant, the association members may consider the erection of a community hatchery similar to those in successful operation at Petaluma, Cal. This in- creases their incubator capacity, enables them to do custom hatching, and also affords the opportunity for selling day-old chieks. If there is a creamery in the community, the association members have the possibility of fattening surplus fowls on skim milk or buttermilk as a supplement to other feeds. Fattening on such products is done on a large scale in the Middle West. In that way surplus stock can be marketed at an increased profit, together with such stock as may be purchased from neighboring farmers and poultrymen. 114. Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. COMMUNITY POULTRY EXHIBITS. A prominent event of the year for community breeding associations is the customary annual poultry show, usually a social as well as a business event. Fowls raised by the mem- bers of the association compete for prizes given by public- spirited individuals and local merchants. Such exhibits not only stimulate interest in the work as a whole, but create friendly competition among the members. In addition to various social features, an educational program is planned, in which talks are given by representatives of the State col- lege of agriculture and prominent local people. In order that a wide distribution of prizes and awards may be made in a large display of one breed or variety of fowls, the plan of classification necessarily should allow for this condition. If the community breed is such that the double- mating system is required to produce exhibition males and females, prizes should be offered for the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth best old and young individuals and pens of both matings, together with the exhibition individuals and pens. The double-mating system is now being used with some of the utility breeds, notably the Barred Plymouth Rock, and farmers interested in exhibition fowls, as at the Farmville, Va., community, soon come to understand its working. When the community breed comes within the scope of the single-mating system, old and young pens and individuals should compete in separate classes and a wider range of placings be made. The usual number is five. As a possibility for further development in community poultry exhibitions of that kind, the plan of offering prizes for the best eggs produced and best-dressed fowls shown should receive consideration, since the future success of the organization depends in a large measure upon the quality of both these products. COMPOSITION AND FOOD VALUE OF BOTTLED SOFT DRINKS. By J. W. Sate, Assistant Chemist, and W. W. SKINNER, Chemist in Charge, Water Laboratory, Bureau of Chemistry. CONSUMPTION OF SOFT DRINKS IN RURAL COMMUNITIES. EARLY all general stores at crossroads and in small villages in the United States carry regularly a stock of bottled soft drinks, frequently designated simply as “ sodas.” The consumption of these products increases each year, and with the growth of prohibition, it seems probable that their manufacture and distribution will assume very large pro- portions. In fact, it has been estimated that during the few years just prior to the curtailment of the industry due to war conditions, the sale of soft drinks in the United States amounted annually to over three billion bottles. It is in- teresting to note that along with rural free delivery, the telephone, individual electric-light plants, and electrical ap- pliances, the dweller in a rural community is able to pur- | chase at the nearest general store a product which a few years ago was obtainable only at soda fountains in towns and cities. Bottled soft drinks. are consumed chiefly for the delecta- tion of the palate and for quenching thirst. The fact that they have some food value is usually not given consideration. In the past the average consumer has known little of the composition of these beverages, and since there are all sorts of bottled soft drinks, good, bad, and indifferent, he has not been in a position to demand a high-grade product. That there is a growing discrimination on the part of the public consuming these products is evidenced in the great improve- ment in the quality and purity of many of them. It is the purpose of this article to describe briefly the ingredients of some of the standard types of bottled soft drinks, in order that the purchaser may be more critical in his selection, thereby raising still further the standards of some of the manufacturers of these food products. F 115 116 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. COMPOSITION OF SOFT DRINKS. All bottled soft drinks contain water, flavor, sweetening, and carbon dioxid gas. Some contain also one or more of © the following ingredients: Color, such as caramel or burnt sugar; acid, usually citric found in lemons, or tartaric found in grapes; ir a condiment, such as capsicum or red pepper, cinnamon, allspice, cloves, or nutmeg. FLAVORS. The flavors for soft drinks include ginger ale, sarsaparilla, root beer, birch beer, chocolate, cream, colas, cherry, wild cherry, lemon, strawberry, raspberry, orange, pineapple, grape, loganberry, apple, pear, peach, and others less widely distributed. These flavors are of two general types, those which are obtained from natural products, such as the root, bark, leaf, and fruit of plants or trees, and those made in the laboratory by synthesizing or combining two or more chemicals. Examples of the first type, which may be called natural flavors, are ginger extract and ginger oleo-resin, which are obtained from ginger root by maceration and ex- traction with a solvent such as alcohol, ether, or acetone; lemon oil, obtained by expressing the rind of the lemon; and fruit juices. The demand for the true fruit flavors is in- creasing, and each year larger quantities of grapes, straw- berries, raspberries, etc., are used to supply the soft-drink industry. : The department encourages the use of fruits in the manu- facture of bottled beverages, for the reason that grapes, strawberries, raspberries, etc., are highly perishable foods and their use in the form of bottled beverages offers an addi- tional means of conservation of these valuable products, especially the surplus. Of course, large quantities of these fruits are preserved for future use by being canned. If, how- ever, it is possible to develop an additional outlet for uti- lizing them on an extensive scale, as in the manufacture of bottled soft drinks, the fruit-growing industry will be ma- terially benefited. An interesting example of a recent de- velopment in the use of fruit for bottled beverages is the loganberry, which is now quite extensively sold. Grape j juice Composition and Food Value of Soft Drinks. 117 is a well-known article, but it is believed that there is an op- portunity for a further development of a grape extract for use in bottled sodas. When fruits like the strawberry, rasp- berry, and grapefruit are crushed and the juice expressed, the product obtained is cloudy, due to the presence of very finely divided portions of the fruit cells. If the juice so ob- tained is clarified by filtration or by treatment with a clarify- ing agent, such as kaolin, followed by filtration, the quality and intensity of the characteristic flavor of the fruit usually will be found to have been greatly diminished. One reason for the great development of artificially, flavored beverages is the difficulty of producing satisfactorily from fruits a clear, transparent beverage that will remain clear and free from sediment upon storage. It is unfortunate-that the pub- lic has been educated to consider clearness and transparency of bottled beverages as measurés of quality, since the tur- bidity is often an evidence of a true fruit product of superior quality. Beverages made with artificial flavors must be labeled to show they are so made when the product is sold in interstate commerce, thus becoming subject to the provi- sions of the Federal food and drugs act. The second type, artificial flavors, is represented chiefly by the products which simulate the odor of cherry, grape, raspberry, strawberry, peach, pear, etc. The chemical com- position of these flavors differs from that of the natural products, and they are characterized by a decided ethereal odor, but are deficient in taste. Vanilla differs from both of these types in that vanillin, which is one of the ingredients of the vanilla extract as obtained from the vanilla bean, can be synthesized or manu- factured. The artificial vanillin is used very largely in the manufacture of cream sodas. The Federal food and drugs act requires that beverages made with artificial flavors must be so labeled. Usually two or more flavors are combined to give the de- sired bouquet. For example, ginger ale frequently contains lime juice or oil of limes, orange, etc., in addition to extract of ginger. The flavoring ingredients used in soft drinks are but slightly soluble in water, but easily soluble in alcohol. 98911°—xBK 1918 ——9+ 10 118 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. Moreover, the water solution of most of the extracts readily deteriorates. Consequently, the extracts employed by the bottler are similar to the concentrated extracts used in cook- ing, and contain a rather high percentage of alcohol. How- ever, but a very small quantity of extract is contained in the finished beverage, the percentage of alcohol present being proportionally small. Usually, it amounts to only a few tenths of 1 per cent by volume. SWEETENING. Prior to the war almost all of the sweetening in soft drinks was ordinary white granulated sugar. As increased de- mands were made on the sugar supply, bottlers turned for re- lief to so-called sugar substitutes, such as corn sirup or glucose, corn sugar or commercial dextrose, maltose sirup, refiners’ sirup, and honey. The department encouraged the use of these substitutes for sugar as a war measure, and it has been estimated that at least 50,000 tons of sugar annually could thus be saved without materially lessening the food value of these beverages. It is probable that some of these sugar substitutes in combination with sugar will be used regularly in certain types of soft drinks, especially root beer, sarsaparilla, and similar heavy-flavored beverages, since an increased “ body ” with less sweetness is desirable in many of these beverages. The Federal food and drugs act requires that when sweetening ingredients other than ordinary sugar are used in soft drinks, their presence should be plainly stated on the label. Because of their content of sweetening, high-grade bever- ages have a greater food value than most people realize. Such products as ginger ale, the phosphate drinks, lemon sours, and grape soda contain from three-fourths to one and one-half ounces of sugar per half-pint bottle, while sarsa- parilla, root beer, etc., contain from one-half to three- fourths ounce of sugar per half-pint bottle. Thus, an 8- ounce bottle of a sweet ginger ale contains 1 ounce of sugar, which is approximately twice the sugar ration per meal under war conditions, when the amount was restricted to 3 pounds of sugar for 90 meals. When glucose, honey, ete., replace part of the sugar, relatively larger proportions are Composition and Iood Value of Soft Drinks. 119 used to obtain the desired degree of sweetness, and the food value of the beverage is increased proportionally. As a rule, children prefer sweeter soft drinks than the adult consumer of these products. Too much sweetening tends to mask the delicate flavors of ginger ale, lemon sour, ete., and, therefore, is not favored by those with a discrimi- nating taste. Herein lies the advantage of the sugar sub- stitutes. Larger quantities can be used, thus securing the “body,” a most desirable quality, without making the prod- uct distastefully sweet. At the same time, the food value of the beverage is maintained or increased. CARBON DIOXID GAS. Most bottled soft drinks are effervescent—that is, when first uncapped, the liquid bubbles and froths. This prop- erty is due to the impregnation under pressure or at reduced temperature of the mixture of water, sirup, flavor, etc., with carbon dioxid gas. Carbon dioxid is obtained in various ways, such as burning coke or limestone, and by the action of an acid on a carbonate such as soda ash. Contrary to a belief more or less prevalent, the raw products used in the manufacture of carbon dioxid—that is, the coke, limestone, acid, or soda ash—are not present in the bottled beverage. Only the gas itself is used, and this gas in bottled soda water is a wholesome product, identical with the carbon dioxid which occurs naturally in large quantities in certain mineral springs in the United States. Springs of this type are highly prized for their effervescent properties, and at some the escaping gas is collected, compressed, and used for car- bonating soft drinks and mineral waters. The carbon di- oxid, from whatever source obtained, is purified, and usu- ally converted into a liquid by means of increased pressure and decreased temperature. It is then placed in stout steel cylinders and shipped to the bottler. When the stop cock on the steel cylinder is opened, the gas is evolved, being converted from a liquid to a gaseous state by the release of pressure. ‘The gaseous pressure in bottled soft drinks usu- ally varies from 40 to 80 pounds per square inch. COLOR. Nearly all bottled soft drinks are colored artificially. Ginger ale, sarsaparilla, root beer, birch beer, chocolate, and 120 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. colas ordinarily are colored with caramel, which is made by carefully heating sugar or glucose. As a rule vanilla, or as it is frequently called cream or club soda, is uncolored. The other drinks are generally colored with one of the permitted dyes. Naphthol yellow or tartrazine, which gives a yellow color, is ordinarily used in lemon sour; amaranth, ponceau, or erythrosine, in cherry, strawberry, raspberry, etc. Cer- tain dyes, such as those already mentioned, may be used in food which is shipped in interstate commerce, provided they do not conceal inferiority and their presence is plainly de- clared on the label of the product. ACID. Many soft drinks, like ginger ale, the colas, cherry, lemon, strawberry, raspberry, orange, pineapple, grape, and phos- phate, contain the fruit acids, citric or tartaric. The min- eral acids are also used, phosphoric frequently, and sulphuric and hydrochloric acids to a smaller extent. Certain bever- ages, however, such as sarsaparilla, root beer, birch beer, chocolate, and vanilla, contain no acid, and are classified as belonging to the nonacid group of soft drinks. The fruit acids, citric and tartaric, occur naturally in various fruits, imparting to them their tartness. It is considered permis- sible to add pure fruit acids to beverages, thus simulating the fruit after which the beverage is named. Sulphuric and hydrochloric acids, however, do not occur naturally in fruits or fruit juices, and, in the opinion of the writers, they should not be used to contribute tartness or sourness to soft drinks. The quantity of citric acid added depends upon the flavor, and the quantity of sugar used, but is approximately from one to three grains to the half-pint bottle. By increasing the amount of acid added, the quantity of sugar can be increased, thus imparting “ body ” or viscosity to the beverage without increasing the apparent sweetness. CONDIMENTS. One of the chief condiments added to soft drinks is capsi- cum or red pepper, a minute quantity of which is added to ginger ale to increase its pungency. In the process of ren- dering ginger extract soluble in water or sugar solution, Composition and Food Value of Soft Drinks. 121 much of the natural heat of the ginger is lost; consequently, it is customary to reinforce the ginger extract with an ex- tract of capsicum or of some other member of the pepper family. Some ginger ale, however, has no added capsicum, the process of manufacture being such that more of the natural heat is retained, or the natural ginger flavor is reinforced by supplementary flavors. Other condiments sometimes used in ginger ale are nutmeg, cinnamon, cloves, allspice, ete. In like manner, such beverages as sarsaparilla may contain various kinds of spices or condiments designed to render them appetizing. 2 BOTTLING SOFT DRINKS. Where soft drinks are bottled on a large scale, the sanitary precautions taken are usually excellent. This is especially the case where beverages are aged—that is, manufactured and stored to develop* and improve quality. When this procedure is carried out, it is essential that the product be bottled in a clean manner; otherwise, a loss, due to spoilage, occurs through the development of “ flat sours,” “ ropiness,” “sediment,” ete. Where soft drinks are manufactured in a small way for ummediate consumption, however, the sanitary conditions are not always the best, and in some cases they are deplorably filthy. The sirup and filling rooms may easily become dirty from the spilling of sirup and extracts, which attract flies and other insects. Proper precautions in washing bottles are not always taken, nor is the water used for preparing the sirups and for filling the bottles always pure. Modern machinery for preparing food products of this sort for the market has been perfected to such an extent that there is lit- tle excuse for offering for sale an insanitary article. A be- lief is more or less current that carbon dioxid gas preserves bottled soft drinks from fermenting and souring. While this is to a certain extent true, carbon dioxid can not be depended upon to overcome or neutralize insanitary conditions in the bottling house. The sanitary quality of bottled soft drinks shipped in interstate commerce is subject to regulation under the Federal food and drugs act. 122 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. SUMMARY. High-grade bottled soft drinks enable the dweller in rural communities to enjoy a food product which a few years ago was obtainable only in towns and cities, directly from soda fountains. Flavors and condiments, well-known household articles, are used in soft drinks, and are of a varied nature designed to make the product attractive to the taste. In addition to being delectable, soft drinks have food value, due sometimes to their content of sweetening ingred- ient, which amounts to from 5 to 12 per cent of the total weight of the beverage, and, in some cases, to the fruit ex- tracts which they contain. The quality of bottled soft drinks depends largely upon the demand made by discriminating consumers. Some knowledge of the composition and preparation of these pro- ducts for the market, as set forth in this article, should en- able the average consumer to ask for only high-grade beverages. The annual consumption of bottled soft drinks in the United States prior to war restrictions in production is esti- mated as about three billion bottles. It is estimated that over 10,000 establishments, employing about 75,000 people, are engaged in the bottling of soft drinks in the United States. - THE OLD AND THE NEW IN CORN CULTURE. By H. Howarp Bicear, Office of Corn Investigations, Bureau of Plant Industry. CORN THE GREAT AMERICAN CEREAL. ORN, the greatest of American cereals, is distinctively an American product. All evidence points to the fact that it was unknown in Europe until after the discovery of America. Its culture at an early period in this country is shown by the accounts of early explorers. Columbus, in writing to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella in 1498, mentions cornfields in America 18 miles in length. Cartier, in the account of his explorations, states that the village of Hochelega, which later (in 1535) became Montreal, was situated in the midst of large cornfields. De Soto found large fields in Florida in 1675, and five years later La Salle noted large supplies in what is now the State of Illinois. That it was grown rather extensively is also indicated by the fact that in 1685 1,200,000 acres of corn belonging to the Seneca Indians were destroyed by the English in New York. In 1696 Frontenac, who invaded the Onondaga country in New York State, spent three days in destroying growing fields. CORN AND THE EARLY COLONIES. The value of corn to the early colonists of the United States can hardly be overestimated. The Indians, through many years of experience, had learned the kinds of corn best suited to withstand varying conditions, and also some successful methods of corn culture. These facts were com- municated to the colonists, who soon began growing corn. Corn was preferred to other cereal crops because it was easily cultivated, brought large returns in proportion to the amount of seed planted, and was an ideal feed for the pro- duction of hogs and cattle. Every man of John Smith’s colony was given an acre of land and instructed to plant corn on it. Corn soon became a medium of exchange among the colonists. Taxes, rents, and debts were paid in corn, and 123 124 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. it was even bartered for marriage licenses. It is certain that on many occasions starvation would have over- taken the colonists had it not been for supplies of maize. CORN AND THE INDIAN. Upon the Indian, the first grower of corn, the cultivation of maize has exerted a more or less striking influence. Its cultivation in large fields made necessary a banding together of the individuals of the tribes. It was a sort of community or cooperative undertaking. With the cultivation of maize, the Indian brought northward the art of pottery making. Schoolcraft, the historian, states that mound building is associated with the growing of corn, being made necessary as a means of defense and easily accomplished because of the communal method of living. The development of corn growing among the Indians en- couraged the trading spirit. The corn of the Huron Indians in New York was exchanged for furs and other commodities. The agricultural Indian tribes of the Missouri Valley in North Dakota early developed a trade in corn and vege- tables with the white traders and explorers, thus enabling the latter better to carry on their operations. They also traded with the hunting tribes of the Plains, securing furs, horses, and weapons, thus enabling them better to withstand invasion from powerful enemies. To the Plains hunters, the securing of corn meant prevention of famine in seasons when the hunting was poor. The trading equivalent of corn in the early days indicates its importance in the opinion of the Indian. Buffalo Bird Woman, a Gros Ventre of the Fort Berthold Reservation, states that a buffalo robe used to be given in exchange for a braid of corn containing about 50 ears. Red Bear, an Arikara of the same reservation, states that the Sioux Indians used to give his people a horse in exchange for 10 braids of corn. The presentation of corn as a gift to other tribes and to the whites was common. It was the sign of friendship. Verendrye, in 1738, was met near the Mandan village, in what is now North Dakota, by a messenger who presented him with corn. Lewis and Clark, who wintered near this village, Maximillian and Verendrye, as well as other white Yearbook U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. PLATE XV. FIG. 1.—TYPES OF CORN RAISED BY THE INDIANS OF THE SOUTHWEST. From left to right: Navajo birdsegg, Navajo yellow, Navajo white, Hopi yellow, Hopi white, Hopi blue, Hopi black. FIG. 2.—CORN HUSKING AND SCRAPING TOOLS, (a) An Indian’s corn-husking pin made of bear bone. (b) A white man’s imitation of the above. (c) A scraper made from a deer’s jaw and used by the Iroquois Indians for removing green corn from the cob. (Courtesy of the Canada Geological Survey.) ~ 124-1 PLATE XVI. 1918. U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Yearbook “9T6T ‘OE ysn3ny uo poyders0j0yd Suroq 07 snorAoid sAup er9Aos Arp 0) Suny pus popreiq w9eq pey sivo OU, “VOVNVO ‘VEOLINVW ‘NOILVAYSS3AY Y3aAIY AHVO AHL AO. SNVIOGNI XNOIS—'E “SI4 ‘kiddns poos OAINSOI & SUIdooy 10J O[qisuodsor st puv suvipuy ULPUL OY} 1OJ ¢, WIND OY} JO Jodo0y OYL,, SI OU ‘VLOWVAG HLYON NI NOILVAYSS3SY GIOHLY3E LYOsd GHL IO NYOO;dsaysaLLVIS— Hida bh elemuan ae ena ae 11, 000 106 1, 166, 000 Kentucky a ois o sp cnn0ccwe one edememeies «nae ieet = deep < See 10, 000 80 800, 000 New England 2.22232 scccccs case sen= tena =e ap eee 35, 000 67 2, 345, 000 All offter in. oc 5s pee obs set Pasecuk cecnbedodstones 55, 000 77 4,235,000 United States.2i:5.:22)/)55). 2 Sep: : > 404,000 78 31, 536, 000 The average number of milch cows in the United States in the decade 1908 to 1917 was 20 per cent more than in the pre- vious decade. A large part of this increase is no doubt due to the growing popularity of the silo as a cheap means of pre- serving green feeds. The Old and the New in Corn Culture. 135 VARIATIONS OF THE CORN PLANT. Whatever may have been the origin of corn, the fact re- mains that in its distribution over the United States it has undergone many and diverse modifications. Sturtevant re- ports heights of stalks varying from 18 inches for Golden Thumb pop corn to 22.25 feet for corn in Tennessee, and also reports individual ears with rows of kernels varying from 4 to 48. Variations in color are almost unlimited. Mont- gomery states that there are now probably 1,000 named varieties of corn in the United States, three-fourths of which have been developed since 1840. In 1898 Sturtevant listed 507 varieties. Corn has shown especial adaptability to differences in length of seasons, and at the present time we find varieties maturing in 80 days in the North and other varieties requir- ing 150 days or more in the South. The types, consisting of pop, flint, flour, dent, sweet, and pod corns, indicate great changes in centuries of adaptation. In addition to their nat- ural variations, but few plants in America have received more attention at the hands of the plant breeder than corn. The plant breeder has found the plant to be very mobile, responding readily to selection. Proof of this is shown by the fact that selection has been found to influence the fol- lowing characters: Shape of ear, height of ear, percentage of protein, percentage of oil, type of kernel, type of ear, width of leaves, color of kernel, size of cob, and many other char- acteristics. Through hybridization, valuable characters of different varieties have been brought together. CORN AND THE STRUGGLE FOR DEMOCRACY. Corn played a vital part in the European conflict. In re- sponse to widespread appeals, the acreage in 1917 was in- creased more than 10 per cent compared with 1916 and ap- proximated 117,000,000 acres. The crop of 3,065,000,000 bushels was next to the largest ever harvested. If this crop had been loaded on wagons, each containing 50 bushels and allowing 20 feet of space for each wagon, these wagons placed end to end would make a line long enough to en- circle the globe 9} times. 136 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. The importance of corn in the agriculture of the United States is well shown by the fact that in the decade 1908 to 1917 the acreage devoted to corn in this country was 4.8 per cent greater than the combined acreage of the crops of wheat, oats, barley, rye, rice, buckwheat, and flax. The value of the corn crop for the same period was 24.3 per cent more than the combined values of these crops. During the same decade, the number of acres in corn was 18.7 per cent in excess of that for the previous decade. A growing increase in the price per bushel for corn is indicated by the fact that the value of the crop was about 100 per cent greater in the past decade than in the previous one. In many forms, corn is becoming more and more popular as a human food. It is the main cereal food ‘of the cotton belt. Considering the food value of crops grown on an acre of land, corn heads the list, a 35-bushel crop producing nearly 150 pounds of protein and more than 3,000,000 units of energy. Valuable, even in the remote past, as a sustainer of life among primitive peoples in peace and war, the importance of corn in the world’s affairs becomes more and more mani- fest with each decade of time. Moving westward and north- ward as its merits became better recognized, its growth in production is closely associated with the building of canals, railroads, our national highways, and our commercial su- premacy. Because of the manifold uses of every part of the plant, the production of corn is closely linked with the de- velopment and perpetuation of many great industries. Be- ‘cause of its wonderful adaptation to conditions, it is now grown with success in every State of the Nation, from sea level to lofty plateaus. In acreage, in multiplicity of uses, in production, and in value it exceeds any other cultivated crop. A corn-crop failure of any extent affects our supply of meat, lard, butter, and imports and exports. Its use as a substitute for wheat made it possible to release exceptionally large shipments of wheat to Europe, to supply the Allies and our own armies. Ilaving served a useful purpose in the early days of our country’s history, corn is still indispensable in the develop- ment and perpetuation of our great Republic. THE DRAINAGE MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. By S. H. McCrory, Chief of Drainage Investigations, Bureau of Public Roads. A GREAT AREA OF UNDRAINED LAND. MONG the great undeveloped natural resources of the United States are its one hundred, and two million acres or more of swamp and wet lands. If collected in one place, these lands would have an area greater than that of the States of Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana taken to- gether, or more than three-fourths of the area of France. These lands are found in every State, in tracts varying in size from a few acres to several million acres, and their soils vary greatly in character and in agricultural value. Data regarding area, extent, and character of our swamp lands are limited, but the most reliable information obtainable is here briefly set forth. Area of swamp and wet lands in the United States. Acres. [SA ifs 0 6) ee Se ge A Pi ata Y Lit CE et Toe Lesher = Se 66, 900, 000 iPeriogienlivyooverflowedoo= 2-2 a 31, 500, 000 LEG Whoa 2 1) cai EDS Sea ales SSM ine et sapere ae 3 4, 400,000 CR Se a ene ee en | ee 102, 800, 000 Approximately three-fourths of these lands are timbered, but many have been cut over. Few data are available ‘as to the area remaining in virgin timber, but it is estimated that at least 75 per cent of the land on which there is merchant- able timber has been or is being cut over. In their present condition, the greater part of these lands return but a small income to the owners. On some, timber is growing which will yield some return when cut; the permanent swamp does not afford any other return except possibly a little poor pasture for cattle. The lands that are periodically swampy, in addition to yielding some timber, afford a fair grade of pasturage for live stock. Such lands in some localities support good 137 138 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. growths of grasses that are valuable for pasture or hay; on other lands not so well located the pasture is thin. Tidal areas yield a little marsh hay or some poor pasture. It is apparent that in their present condition these lands are not returning a large income to their owners. The greater portion possess inherent fertility, and, if drained adequately, would make good agricultural land. In the present con- dition they are either too wet to cultivate, or the risk of losing a crop from overflow is so great that the farmer can not afford to take it. MANY TYPES OF SOIL. Many types of soil are found in the swamps; their agri- cultural value varies considerably. In those swamps where the ground is covered with water during the greater part of the year, the cumulose soils generally predominate (PI. XTX, fig. 1). Much of the swamp land is not wet all the time, but only for a time after a heavy rain. Land of this character usually supports a heavy growth of vegetation. A large portion of the lands of this character formerly sup- ported a heavy growth of timber. (Pl. XIX, fig. 2; Pl. XX, fig. 1.) Lands that are overflowed periodically usually are in the flood plain of streams. The soils generally are of alluvial origin. The largest of these areas that are unreclaimed are heavily timbered. (PI. XXI, figs. 1 and 2; Pl. X XI, fig. 1.) In addition to these lands, however, considerable areas of cleared lands along many of our streams are now cultivated but are greatly in need of improved drainage and of protec- tion from overflow in order to make them available for cultivation. (Pl. XXII, fig. 2.) Small tracts frequently can be reclaimed by the construction of small ditches or a sys- tem of tile drains. (Pl. XXIII, fig.1.) On the larger tracts, the problems are more complicated. It usually is necessary to construct large ditches that will serve as outlets for the drainage of the entire district, and these must be supple- mented by sufficient lateral ditches to afford outlets for the farm drains. Usually, ditches of this kind are constructed by floating dredges or dry-land excavators. (Pl. XIX, fig. 2.) The machines used for constructing the ditches have been Yearbook U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. PLATE XIX. B.P.R.—D 6506 FIG. 1—THE EVERGLADES WEST OF FORT LAUDERDALE, FLA. FIG. 2—DREDGE DIGGING DRAINAGE DITCH THROUGH A SWAMP, 138-1 Yearbook U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. PLATE XX. B.P.R.—D 1887 FIG. 1.—SWAMP IN BEAUFORT COUNTY, N. C., THROUGH WHICH DRAIN- AGE DITCH HAS JUST BEEN DUG, B.P.R.—D 967 FIG. 2—PERMANENT SWAMP LANDS THAT HAVE BEEN DRAINED AND RECLAIMED, BEAUFORT COUNTY, N. C. Photograph taken four years after drainage bebe completed and the work of development started. 138-2 “ Yearbook U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. PLATE XXl. B.P.R.—D 1176 FIG, 2.—PERIODICALLY OVERFLOWED TIMBER LAND, ST. FRANCIS B.P.R.—D 321 FIG. 1—PERIODICALLY OVERFLOWED LAND, GUM AND BASIN, ARK. CYPRESS TIMBER, YAZOO DELTA, MISS. Yearbook U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. é * «PLATE. XXihe + FIG. 1—STREAM VALLEY, WHICH COULD NOT BE CULTIVATED UNTIL OVERFLOW WAS PREVENTED BY CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT, NORTH CAROLINA. Partially cleared land on left, dredged ditch in center, timber on right. 8.P.R.=D 1328 FIG, 2—CORN ON POORLY DRAINED LAND, KILLED BY OVERFLOW FROM STREAM, 138-4 Yedrbook U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. ; PLATE XXI4}. ee ees f wer ara : af Pe TL 3% (ies 2 , or “te B.P.R.—D 423 FIG. 1—POTATOES GROWING ON TILE DRAINED LAND. On adjoining undrained fields the crop was a failure. B.P.1.-0 FIG, 2—CORN GROWN ON DRAINED SWAMP LAND IN EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA. 138-5 Yearbook U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. PLATE XXIV, B.P.R.—D 1008 FIG. 1.—WINTER WHEAT GROWING ON DRAINED SWAMP LANDS IN ILLINOIS. FIG, 2,.—COTTON AND TRUCK GROWING ON DRAINED SWAMP LAND IN SOUTH CAROLINA. THIS FIELD HAS BEEN CULTIVATED FOR MORE THAN 100 YEARS. 138-4 Phe Drainage Movement in the United States. 139 developed especially for this purpose, and dig ditches very rapidly at a low cost. A small floating dredge such as that shown in Plate XIX will excavate from 30,000 to 50,000 cubic yards or more per month, The crops grown on the drained lands are the equal of those grown on the higher lands. The qualtity is of the very best. Some of the soils are especially adapted to spe- cial crops, such as celery, onions, and cabbages. Much of the celery in the United States is grown on drained marsh land. Most of the lands, however, are equally well adapted to the production of the staple crops. (Pl. X XITI, figs. 1 and 2.) Some have been in cultivation for more than 100 years and are still producing good crops. DRAINAGE LAWS. The drainage laws usually provide that on petition of a certain percentage of the landowners, or owners of a cer- tain percentage of the lands, within the proposed district, an engineer will be appointed to examine the lands and de- termine whether they can be drained. If his report is favor- able, the district is established, surveys made, and the nec- essary improvement planned and constructed. The district is a quasi-public corporation, which has the right to con- struct the necessary drains and do any act required for the reclamation or protection of the land. It has the right of eminent domain, can borrow money, and issue bonds. The special benefit that. will accrue to each part of the land from the construction of the improvements is determined, and the costs are prorated to the several tracts on the basis of the benefits received, the lands that will receive the greatest benefit paying the highest tax per acre for the construction of the improvements. The district has the power to levy assessments to pay for the construction of the improvements. These are a lien on the land secondary only to the State and county taxes. Usually bonds are sold to provide funds to construct the improvements, and. the landowners have the privilege of paying for the improvement in a number of in- stallments. These bonds have a good reputation with in- vestment bankers, and are very popular with conservative investors. Under the provisions of such laws, much land has been reclaimed. ‘The first projects of any magnitude were under- 98911°—yrzsxK 1918——11+12 140 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. taken in the upper Mississippi and Ohio Valleys. Unfor- tunately, no data are available with regard to the amount of land that has been reclaimed or the cost of the work. Some idea of the magnitude of the work.may be gathered from the fact that in several counties in Iowa more than 100 districts have been established. There are more than 300 districts in one county, which is said to haye spent more than $10,000,000 on drainage improvement. Recently, informa- tion has been compiled regarding drainage work done in Michigan. During the 20-year period from 1898 to 1917, inclusive, drainage improvements costing $18,859,576 were constructed in that State. a The work of reclamation has not been confined to the States in which it was first started. In 1909, North Carolina and Arkansas enacted modern drainage laws. Since that time all of the other Southern States have enacted similar statutes. In North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Tennessee, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Missouri, under the provisions of these statutes, at least 7,000,000 acres have been included in drainage districts, where the improvements planned have either been con- structed or now are under construction. The greater part of this land is now drained and most of the remainder will be drained by 1920. The work has not been confined to small projects alone, but many districts of considerable size have been organized. Among these are the Little River drainage district in Missouri, containing 555,000 acres, which is more than 90 per cent completed; the Cypress Creek district in Arkansas, containing 300,000 acres, fully 40 per cent completed ; the Bogue Phalia district in Bolivar County, Miss., containing 140,250 acres, which was completed several years ago; and the Bogue Phalia district in Washington County, Miss., containing 150,000 acres, which has been completed recently. Most of the smaller districts have en- tirely completed construction. CLEARING LANDS EXPENSIVE. When drainage was first attempted on a large scale, the projects undertaken were located in a prairie country where the land was available for cultivation as soon as drained. Lands of this character were settled rapidly, frequently even before they were drained. In the eastern United States, The Drainage Movement in the United States. 141 with the exception of the Florida Everglades, the wet prairie lands of southern Louisiana, and the lands along the Gulf coast in Texas, there are no large tracts of unsettled, un- reclaimed lands needing drainage that are not timbered. The timbered lands must be cleared before they are available for cultivation. On those lands where the timber is heavy the clearing is expensive and usually costs much more than the drainage. Clearing timbered lands is at best a slow and laborious process, and where wet lands must be cleared before field drains can be constructed it becomes even more difficult. The time required and the cost of clearing timbered lands have of necessity made the rate of development of these lands slow. On the prairie lands of Iowa and Illinois a man and three horses could break from 24 to 3 acres per day, and this land could be planted to corn or flax the year it was plowed. On heavily timbered lands, unless conditions are unusual, it will require more than a month’s work for one man to clear an acre if all stumps are removed so that mod- ern machinery can be used to cultivate the land. It has been the general experience that the rate of develop- ment of timbered swamp lands has been slow after drainage, where the lands are drained in large tracts. The only nota- ble exceptions to this are the black lands of eastern North Carolina, where, due to peculiar soil conditions, clearing can be done rapidly and at a very low cost per acre (PI. XX, fig. 1). Where the drainage district is located in well- settled territory, the rate of development is more rapid. This has been particularly true of those districts in the South formed for the purpose of reclaiming the narrow valleys along the streams. Usually, the greater part of the hill lands adjacent to these valleys has been under cultiva- tion for years and is thickly settled. The bottom lands gen- erally are the most fertile in the district, and the demand for their utilization has been strong; as a result, their development has been rapid. On many such projects prac- tically all the land is placed under cultivation within three or four years from the time the district is completed. In the districts draining large blocks of swamp lands, progress has not been so rapid. 142 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. Recently, information was collected in regard to 20 dis- tricts in eastern North Carolina. The districts have an area of 258,425 acres, of which 48,600 acres were cultivated prior to drainage. Since the lands have been drained, 32,600 acres have been cleared and placed under cultivation, making a total area of 81,200 acres now in cultivation in these slatseeteee aca see | eeu eee 22.0 Wood! ashes...c<< 5. Us ecsge veecee reece acess (Me ee one peRaeeene 10to 2.0 2.0to 8.0 Dried sheep manure......................- 1.51to 3.09 | 0.95to 2.50] 0.338to 2.24 PURCHASING FERTILIZER MATERIALS. In the purchase of materials good business judgment should be used. Wide competition should be sought and prices procured not only from local merchants but from large fertilizer firms in the home State and adjoining States. Lists of firms may be obtained from the State experiment station director and the Federal Department of Agriculture. Buy for cash to get best prices. Buy well in advance. This not only insures a better price but permits the use of farm labor in the winter when it is often not occupied profitably. Home mixing may be done in the barn when the weather is too inclement for outside work. Home Mixing of Fertilizers. 187 MIXING COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS. The mixing of the materials is comparatively simple. Any tight floor or a wagon box may be used and tools at hand may be employed. The materials are spread in layers, usually the most bulky first, and thoroughly shoveled to- gether. The mixture is passed through a screen, and any lumps broken up with a tamper or the back of a shovel. The author uses a very large long-handled mortar hoe for mixing, and some will find this a convenient tool, but its purchase especially for this purpose is not necessary. Where large amounts are to be mixed it would probably pay to buy a small rotary mixer such as is sold for concrete mixing on the farm. The mixing should be continued until the material is fine and uniform, and then it may be bagged and stored in a dry place until used. To avoid caking and losses, certain ingredients should not be used together in the same mixture, and the following dia- gram will give this information: Superphosphate, Ammonium sulphate. C } — q y = +) Barnyard manure . and guano. (basic calcium nitrate). Fic. 38.—Diagram indicating what fertilizer materials may and may not be safely mixed. The dark lines unite materials which should never be mixed, the double lines those which should be applied immediately after mixing, and the single lines those which may be mixed at any time. One of the easiest ways to start home mixing is to dupli- cate a formula already in use. A beginner should take a mixture which has been successfully used on the crop he is 188 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. raising on similar soil, get a price on the mixed goods, and then see what a home mixture of similar composition will cost. The following table will help in calculating home mix- tures. In making ton lots, to get 1 per cent, use amounts shown in first column; for 2 per cent, used the second col- umn, and so on. Quantities of fertilizer ingredients to be used to give definite percent- ages in a ton of mirture? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ingredient. per | per} per | per per per per per per | per cent.'cent.;cent., cent. | cent. | cent. | cent. | cent. | cent. | cent. Carriers of nitrogen (N): Nitrate of soda (15 | Lbs.| Lbs.| Lbs.| Lbs. | Lbs. | Lbs. | Lbs. | Lbs. | Lbs. | Lbs. per cent N).......| 133 | 266 | 400 | 532| 666| 800] 933 | 1,066 | 1,200 | 1,333 Sulphate of ammonia > (20 per cent N)....} 100 | 200 | 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 | 1,000 Cottonseed meal (7 per cent N).......} 285 | 571 | 856 | 1,142 | 1,428 | 1,714 | 2,000 |.......].......]...... Dried blood (10 per . Phosphoric acid carriers (P2095): Acid phosphate (12 per cent P05)... 166 | 333 | 500} 666 | 833 | 1,000 | 1,166 | 1,333 | 1,500 | 1,666 Acid phosphate (14 per cent P30s5)..... 142 | 285 | 428] 571] 714} 856 | 1,000 | 1,142 | 1,285 | 1,428 Ground bone? (23 per cent P9Os)....- 87 | 174 | 261 348 435 522 609 696 783 Potash carriers (K,0): Potassium sulphate (50 per cent)..-.-.. 40} 80] 120 160 | 200 240 280 320 360 Potassium chloride (50 per cent) ..... 40 | 80} 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 Kelp ash (30 percent AO) 35 «os eee 66 | 133 | 200 266 333 400 466 533 600 Nebraska lakes pot- ash (22 percent). .| 90 | 180 270| 360} 450} 540] 630] 720} 810} 900 8 eB S8 1 Where the combined materials do not total 2,000 pounds a filler may be used to bring up the mixture to that weight. 2 Ground bone also carries nitrogen. Example: To make up a 2-8-2 mixture using acid phos- phate, nitrate of soda, and potassium sulphate, use 266 pounds of nitrate of soda, 1,142 pounds of 14 per cent acid phosphate, 80 pounds of sulphate of potash; total 1,488 pounds; make up total of 2,000 pounds with 512 pounds of ground limestone, dried peat, or muck or sand. Like the Home Mixing of Fertilizers. 189 fertilizer ingredients themselves, any filler used should be fine and dry. A 47-10 mixture of the same materials would call for 532 pounds of nitrate of soda, 1,000 pounds of acid phosphate, and 400 pounds of potassium sulphate; total 1,932 pounds; add 68 pounds of filler to make up to 2,000 pounds. The simple formulas following have been recommended : Pounds. Gnpronseed med t4 et EE es 1, 000 Acigsphnospnates (14 mer. cent) 22. - oe =8 2 1, 000 PO Gal iis Shoe riers Ti ga Ye hk age. See 2, 000 Approximate analysis, 3 per cent nitrogen (N), 7 per cent phosphoric acid (P20;), and 1 per cent potash (20). The foregoing sometimes is recommended as a general fertilizer where quick action is not essential. Pounds. Acid phosphate (14 per cent) ==.) 32 1, 000 VCMT OU GH (Cl al (0) a2 ian ee A oa a OE Re ee ne eee SE a Be 1, 000 37s dla Sad oad paar ee sae al aonb aaa 6 Approximate analysis, 18 per cent P20; and 1 to 2 per cent N. This, as is seen, contains no potash and only a small amount of nitrogen. For clay soils rich in potash where plenty of manure has been used, the foregoing mixture will be found good. Pounds. Grebe: Ol Odd. as ree ope AE ot. # Se eee 200 Sulphate OG ammonia =) ee tes Seek a eae eh 200 LYST UATS (G0 0) Cee eR a eo 400 ASPOS Da aVavatsyo) tz sees i pees apt ok eee ces NE Ba 1, 000 STlpnate oot DOWN: = sess 2 eee 200 The approximate analysis of above material is 5 per cent nitrogen (N, 8 per cent phosphoric acid (POs), and 5 per cent potash (KO). This is a good garden fertilizer having nitrogen in dif- fering degrees of availability. MAKING A FERTILIZER FORMULA. A general rule to use in making up formulas is first to decide what percentages are required, and then what mate- rials shall be used. Start with the phosphoric acid (P:Os). Acid phosphate is almost universally used for this. With 12- per cent goods and 8 per cent of phosphoric acid desired in the mixture, the reasoning would be as follows: If the whole 190 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. mixture were acid phosphate, it would contain 12 per cent; as 8 per cent is desired, we take eight-twelfths or two-thirds of the mixture of acid phosphate or 1,222 pounds; if 6 per cent were wanted we would take six-twelfths or one-half or 1,000 pounds in a ton. Similarly with nitrogen. If nitrate of soda contains 15.65 per cent of nitrogen, and we want 2 per cent of nitrogen, 2/15.65 or approximately one-eighth of the mixture or 250 pounds in a ton will be the amount. Similarly with potash. If we have Nebraska potash salts carrying 22 per cent of potash, and desire 2 per cent in the mixture, we put in two twenty-seconds or one-eleventh of this material, giving approximately 182 pounds, in 1 ton. - Any other material may be used in a similar manner, It is not necessary to be exact down to the fraction of a per cent, as fertilizer application is not an exact science, and a slight variation in the calculation will not cause any loss, usually, in the agricultural value of the mixture. PROFITS FROM HOME MIXING FERTILIZERS. It is difficult to give an exact estimate as to the profits to be expected from home mixing. In normal times these have been usually from $5 to $15 per ton less in high-grade formu- las than in the lower grades. It is always profitable, how- ever, the saving usually being substantial. A retail price, for example of a 2-8-2 mixture quoted farmers in January, 1919, at Washington, D. C., is $52 per ton. Acid phosphate can be purchased in the same locality for $22 per ton, Govern- ment nitrate of soda for $81 per ton, plus freight, and potash for $4.25 per unit in large lots. At these figures, the phos- phoric acid in a ton of home-mixed fertilizer would cost less than $15, the nitrogen $10.25, and the potash $8.50, a total of $33.75, a difference in favor of home mixing. If we allow $3.25 a ton for mixing and other charges, the saving is $15 a ton. Each extra unit of potash will cost only $4.25 as against $6 charged the farmer by the dealer, the nitrogen also being obtained for less per unit than the dealer charges. An extra 3 per cent of potash, bringing the for- mula up to 5 per cent, will increase the profit per ton for home mixing $5.25. 1A unit is 1 per cent in 1 ton, or 20 pounds. For example, potassium sul- phate has 50 units of potash and sodium nitrate approximately 15 units of nitrogen. LESS CHOLERA—MORE HOGS. By O. B. Hgss, Office of Hog-Cholera Control, Bureau of Animal Industry. HOG-CHOLERA CONTROL WORK. ITHOUT yielding to undue optimism, it is pleasing to note that losses from hog cholera in the United States are on the decline. They have become less year by year since 1913, when Federal control work was begun, and the disease now rarely causes losses in herds which have received the pre- ventive-serum treatment properly administered. During the fiscal year which ended June 30, 1918, hog- cholera work was extended to 34 States, principally those in which swine raising is a well-developed branch of the live- stock industry. A force averaging 165 veterinarians has been maintained, working in cooperation with State author- ities in charge of quarantine and other regulatory measures necessary for the success of control work. The activities of the Federal veterinarians have been of widely varied char- acter, but the main goal toward which the work converges is the suppression of hog cholera and the improvement of hog health. FIELD WIDE IN SCOPE. To this end the Bureau of Animal Industry veterinarians make investigations of reported outbreaks of hog cholera, hold autopsies, diagnose animal diseases, and give instruc- tion in the treatment and handling of outbreaks, including the proper disposal of dead animals. They supervise treat- ment of hogs and the disinfection of premises when neces- sary. In addition to this main phase of the work, they ad- vise with practicing veterinarians concerning the importance of proper diagnosis and the use of the preventive-serum treatment for hog cholera. Special stress is placed on right methods of disinfection and the manner of dealing with in- fectious and contagious diseases. They also disseminate knowledge in the proper use of modern biological products. 191 192 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. During the war emergency, the efforts of department veteri- narians were helpful in conserving and increasing produc- tion of pork products and fats. The extent to-which hog raisers are now protecting their swine against cholera is shown by the increasing practice of vaccination and the adop- tion of sanitary measures. During the fiscal year 1918 more than five and one-half million hogs were inoculated with antihog-cholera serum, and sono iat more than 2,200 farms, “Sataiel to be imfodked with cholera, were cleaned and disinfected under supervision of the department veteri- narians. Altogether, representatives of the department visited more than 15,000 farms to investigate reported out- breaks, to apply preventive measures, and to clean and dis- infect premises. . In addition to the control work, en activities, such as meetings at which PE MRE cll and lectures. deal- ing with recognized methods of preventing the disease were given, have been attended by more than 100,000 farmers. This class of work is commonly conducted in cooperation with extension branches of the agricultural colleges, with the object of creating interest in control measures. SAFETY FROM CHOLERA ENCOURAGES PRODUCTION. An important result of hog-cholera control work has been the stimulus given the development of swine raising in the South. In connection with other activities of the depart- ment in this line; the assurance given to southern farmers that hogs can be produced without fear of losses from cholera has encouraged growing not only larger numbers of animals but also better types. This feature has been notice- able particularly in Georgia. A few years ago that State purchased about 40,000,000 pounds of pork more than it pro- duced annually, but efforts for the control of hog cholera have gradually extended over the entire State, with resulting confidence in hog raising. By 1918 Georgia was producing pork enough to make shipments to outside points, besides supplying a large number of hogs to its local slaughtering establishments. Similar progress has been made in Missis- sippi, Alabama, and Florida. Now that definite proof has been furnished that hog cholera is preventable, the Southern States, aided by many Yearbook U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. PLATE XXXI. FIG. 1.—AN IMPORTANT PRECAUTION IN HOG-CHOLERA CONTROL. To prevent the spread of hog cholera in a locality every person who leaves an infected farm should thoroughly disinfect his shoes, FIG. 2.—A PRACTICAL AND INEXPENSIVE DISINFECTING OUTFIT. After an outbreak of hog cholera has been suppressed, disinfection of the premises is necessary. The work here is being supervised by a Government inspector. 192-1 Yearbook U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. PLATE XXXII. FIG. 1—A HERD OF IMMUNE BROOD SOWS., Every sow in this picture received the preventive-serum treatment, which makes her immune from hog cholera and protects the owner against loss, FIG, 2.—PIGS FROM IMMUNE SOWS, Inoculation of breeding stock to protect them from hog cholerais absolutely harmless. These 63 pigs are from 7 immune sows, 192-2 Less Cholera—More Hogs. 193 favorable factors, such as reasonably low land values, cheap feed, and mild climate, no doubt will excel in swine produc- tion. The application of sanitary measures and the proper use of the preventive-serum treatment have accomplished results gratifying in individual cases but most striking when con- sidered collectively. How great a menace hog cholera has been to the Nation’s swine industry may be judged from the accepted estimate that 90 per cent of hogs lost through all ail- ments die from cholera. In 1918, however, the death rate of swine from disease was placed at 42.1 per 1,000 head, making the mortality rate from cholera practically 38 per thousand. Thus the loss was somewhat less than 4 per cent for the United States, the lowest on record, according to the department’s figures. HOPE REPLACES DISCOURAGEMENT. Results so encouraging may be credited principally to a more general application of sanitary measures and the proper use of the preventive-serum treatment. In some sec- tions the reported ravages of cholera had discouraged hog raisers because losses from the disease were more than the profits from the surviving animals. Immunizing swine against the disease, however, combined with proper handling—both of which are included in the de- partment’s field activities—has convinced farmers that the industry is a profitable investment and can be engaged in with entire safety. According to best estimates the number of swine produced last year exceeded any previous record in the history of the industry. The increase, though largely a patriotic undertaking, was also accelerated by confidence among producers in the effectiveness of cholera-control methods, The continued world need for pork and its products calls ' for renewed efforts in ‘cholera control with the view ulti- mately of eradicating the disease from this country’s herds. To that end the department asks for a full measure of con- tinued cooperation from every one interested in the in- creased production and improvement of swine. Though a disease for which there is still no reliable cure, hog cholera can be prevented, safely and with certainty, by 194. Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. immunizing the animals according to the methods developed and now in general use. To be sure, much progress has been made, but in the aggregate the losses are still enormous and the risk in unvaccinated herds is greater than ever, owing to the high plane of prices for both breeding animals and those raised for meat. On every farm where hogs are raised the opportunity now exists to take advantage of the means available—vaccination and better sanitation—further to de- crease swine losses. Those caused by cholera are now less than 4 per cent, but we must not stop until the disease be- comes extinct in the United States. SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR UPON THE SEED INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES. By W. A. WHEELER, Specialist in Seed Marketing, and G. C. EpLer, Investigator in Seed Marketing, Bureau of Markets. MORE SEEDS WILL BE HOME GROWN. NE of the basic agricultural industries that have under- gone many changes, influenced by the war, is the seed industry in the United States. Doubtless some of these changed conditions will become permanent features of the industry, with the result that this country will tend to be- come more independent of the world’s supply of seeds. It is perhaps true that in the production of certain kinds of vegetable seeds the United States has not reached the same degree of perfection that some other countries have reached after many years and generations of specialized effort; yet, at the same time, few, if any, countries have ever made the rapid strides in vegetable-seed production that this country did during the war. Many of the effects that have neen noted may or may not be permanent. It is too soon after the close of the war to prognosticate their permanency, but their future is worthy of careful study at this time. Often it is difficult to differ- entiate between those effects that are traceable directly to the war and those that are an indirect result of the war, but some of those that have been noted are discussed rather briefly in this article. EFFECT OF THE WAR UPON IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. In Table 1 are given figures compiled from data obtained from the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, of the Department of Commerce, showing the imports of the United States during the first year after our entry into the war, and our average annual imports during the three-year war period ending June 30, 1917, as compared with the average annual imports before the war for a five-year period ending June 30, 1914. A study of these figures will reveal the fact that of practically all field and vegetable seeds used 98911°—yBK 1918——15 195 196 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. exclusively for planting purposes the imports before the war exceeded those during the war, and in most cases the differ- ence is considerable. The table was published in the issue of the Seed Reporter for October 5, 1918. Table 1.—IJmports of field, vegetable, and flower seeds into the United States. Imports first year Average Ave of United annualim- | annual im- Kind of seed. farses — Par period ports, De June 30, g June | ending June 8 30, 1917. 30, 1914.* Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Beet; SUBBrS ss F FAS es Bene 15,636, 541 13, 135, 456 11,616, 300 Beot, \*‘ all other?"s35-14473%, - 7. 447, 878 753, 376 819,715 Capbages..- ines ace asteeeace 83, 210 270, 470 252, 528 Carrothn2 ant etenene Soe teseee 32, 500 46,651 149, 724 Castor beah: 2.4%. sas5eseens 58, 048, 090 46, 060, 550 43, 818, 060 Cauliflowers..¢-- spies). 2 7,969 9,963 8,711 COBY les cot ak pease sereee 167,684 667,695 199, 358 GOUGTC ES Sas ushepee ss meee ees 17 3,073 667 COMESMEMI: 2a ten coe et oee eee cs 1,945 4,843 7,068 Beggplants - sxe st sec gis 2,069 1,057 1,795 IC AIB 8a at fa oo he ee 8,016 34, 965 30, 326 ODETTE DL seas sess eens 16,770 12, 025 21,409 Mushroom spawn........-.-- 16, 923 79, 234 279,064 Mustard) 2s s geet eee era 13, 035, 837 12, 174, 056 10, 819, 715 Parsloyel. 2. can seo Steet aa 66, 494 82, 283 118,112 Parsnip 2.5 anonas pee eaneeates 7,065 88,477 89, 702 y PGpperal! Sli hess esas 516 355 Celery....... Bence a ae aia ee - 11,728 3,997 1,927 Cucumber... ...-.- he foray FR 30, 943 38, 653 44,921 Kale ssl sselr ake. eee. sea elen doeren ae 214 277 DUOUWICD 26 4, pecs deo 306, 353 270, 426 313, 678 Muskinélon: (foc 0cos weeps enc 3 ate ore 2,600 3,023 WHiTMGlOn 25 cnceue scares |eumeccaccewaer 6, 205 7,499 Onlonseed [425 2 52552 as 408, 410 242, 232 291,783 OIG SOtS 5.2105 fine ie - Sppepawies mes oupareneed 233, 400 358, 424 PATSIOY oc 5. saws aay gna e Oaas teee ccna ane ee 9,406 5, 258 TARE RLIND ocho ae anne ate sole ees sm 54, 393 16,733 10, 422 Peas, PATGSHLY TOOL sk Ets LG: 4,384,177 2,713,101 7, 289, 225 PRU DCE hist amin Seite hee ene 516 931 851 PURER. 30nd cin er ew eke eo Laem ean cme 2,894 2, 487 fe NT Bag ipl pte po py Sed 346, 527 104, 048 59,065 Salaitys 2: £22 BOLIC: Les ae 18, 124 2, 805 SPIBGON: a sey y ip weptoe septa ak 46, 990 9, 216 1,992 SQussN SUINME!. <5. cnc caleneuseasakpowe 2,789 2,872 BQUMSN, WIDLEY oc cece ccuaberllduwesSecekEeee 2,950 2,545 Sweet com.455. i229 380, 816 409, 225 215, 187 Tomas os fees cscdpedcys tenn 10, 443 10,913 5, 387 Turnip, English.............. 9,397 92,304 6, 841 PUMP SWOERscoecedst conse 28, 938 25, 990 10,514 1 Seed Export Survey of Sept. 11, 1918. 2 Seed Survey of July 1, 1918. Effects of the War Upon the Seed Industry. 199 _ The increased acreage of food crops was generally at the expense of grass or forage crops, a condition similar to that which existed in European countries. The demand for these seeds, therefore, appears with certain exceptions to have been less than usual. The demand for clover seed, sown in many localities more for improving the soil than for the revenue it brings as a hay or seed crop, has been exceedingly good during the war. INFLUENCE OF WAR ON SEED PRODUCTION. The production of vegetable seed in the United States has been revolutionized by the war. Previously, most of the beet, carrot, radish, and spinach seed planted in this country was imported from Great Britain and France, and to a less extent from other countries. Instead of an importer of these and other seeds, the United States became an exporter, and the gains made in exports have already been shown in Table 2. In 1916, European countries began placing large contracts with commercial seed growers in the United States for the production of many crops which in the past had not been grown here on a commercial scale. In order to take care of the increasing domestic and for- eign demand and the falling off of imports, the acreage planted in old, proved localities was increased and new areas of production were sought, particularly with reference to vegetable seeds, but to a much less degree with reference to field seeds. While some new areas were found to give better yields or seeds of better quality than did old areas, the ex- pense of pioneering was often such a drawback as to dis- courage further increased production in many of the new areas. However, it is apparent to many growers that cer- tain kinds of seed may be produced in a number of places in this country, and that one of the best assurances against total failure of seed crops is the diversification of acreages as much as possible. At the same time it is realized that cer- tain localities are better adapted for the production of a few kinds of seed than are other localities. Figures 4 to 9 show the location of the counties in the United States in which many of the most important vege- table seeds are grown. Table 3 shows the commercial Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. 200 SLIXYVW 40 Nva"NE JOIAW3S ONILYOd3H G33S AIISTVS © AYITIO x L0uuvI« vIiddid + OLVWOL® Lf ‘ara ra iraniekn le ra iN Fg. is Zo aa D x2) iA pie reece _ THA we Ruaysrieag STH - PW a ta pene =A “eS We Wien ae ae eR : aes S161 Ni G4aS YO4 ATIVIDHSWHOD NMOHS HOIHM NI S3ILNN LB 201 Effects of the War Upon the Seed Industry. SiavuVW JO NvaNNs BOIANSS ONILHOdaY 033S LF re NINANNG® tA ’ Hsvnosx Ogres Nise eames NOTZWYFLUM® Ve Ceo RRR OL NOTIWHSNWS \HE DEltenge (Nerehe yagwnonoe D iy = Be 28 ma [} ee Ba’ Hip lo] | f\ c a 7 ay s) Zé a AGS <<, 1 ap o> rr “a Wea ‘< oe ave: 5S cy o 4 ~~ a sen ey, es Vy) ¢ Y 2 ay Ss e Oo \ GEE STP gi6! NIG33S HO4s ATIVIONAWWOD NMOUD HOIHM NI S3ILNNOO NIMdWNAd GNV ‘HSVNOS ‘SNOT3W ‘YaEWNONS Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. 202 Si3y¥¥VW 40 NV3HNE JOIAUIS ONILHOd34 0339S a nm JONLLIT 8 QOL Aq1SU Yd © AR Le | F7vM x ~ HIWNIdS © JoOvegvor NYOD L73MS* PSa aaa PX) oa'G, aa Aik Ca 12 2 A, IA gag Bic 7 aa % fi Fi to =~ S~ { K \d , ‘ oS dy > oN z ae, Bui V is A oA CSE | Biay =. S mes a alee) 8, PUA gS Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. 204 SLIMYYVAW 40 NYJUNE JIIAUIS ONILYOd3¥ G33S (vwi7 ONIGNTONI LON) 370d NIGUVY9-SNYIGs ISWNS JYUMO-SNY IE NIOYYI-Swy 30° me in i i ra > th Uys 8161 NI G33S YO4s ATIVIDZNWOD NMON9 HOIHM NI S3ILNNO LEBY) (NV38 YWIT ONIGNIONI LON) SNWAG GNV SWad NIGHY9S 205 Effects of the War Upon the Seed Industry. TIONYW-LI7ge se. NIONY9-LIFFe hes Th uvons-i77ge ewts\}i AS whex, (se ia r9/ 2S, : SURI ONY, oar ene ah ie Boome TO? TE ir Sd 4 | Ee Wetts il See IG! NI 33S HO4 ATIVIONAWINOD NMOHD HOIHM NI S3ILNNOS TSZONVW GNV “93a N3GuVv9 ‘La38 YVONS SLaNuYW JO NYv3"ENE 3dIAWIS ONILYOd34 G33S 7 AY a) LJ yy 206 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. acreage, average yield per acre, commercial production, and consumption of vegetable seed crops in 1918, 1917, and 1916, as reported to the Bureau of Markets in a survey made July 1, 1918. Taste 3.—Commercial acreage, average yield per acre, commercial production, and estimated commercial consumption of vegetable seed for the United States. [A revised tabulation of reports from 185 commercial vegetable-seed growers reporting in the vegetable-seed production survey of July 1, 1918, including information and estimates from other sources.] Commercial acreage. Average yield per acre. Kind of seed. A? 1918 1917 1916’ | ceeds Acres Acres Acres Pounds. | Pounds. | Pounds. Beans, dwarf snap.....-.---- 70, 868 63, 524 63, 581 514 237 Beans, garden pole (not in- cluding lima)-.......-...... 6, 297 4,029 4,971 627 243 Beet, garden. 2.5522 5c0c.0265 2,748 826 342 889 587 Beet, mianpel.:- 25.22.5022 418 20 |" 5 873 720 Beet, sugar’. --g.-- s.s-s-e- se 6,014 4,638 5,655 980 980 Cabbage. 202.2 -cacoseneness 974 737 765 161 284 Carrot 32uivew. <18.6), and the others accordingly. The total credit for all the labor is $334.80. The timekeeper then charges each mem- ber according to the grain he has had thrashed. This is determined by dividing the labor credit ($334.80) by the grand total of bushels of oats thrashed and its equivalent in wheat or rye. Thus each member is charged 1.8 cents per bushel ($334.80-+18,660). From this is figured each member’s debit for labor on grain thrashed. Thus Mr. King, having 1,800 bushels of oats, plus the equivalent of 1,200 bushels more in wheat (600 bushels wheat2), would owe the ring $54 for labor. But his credit for labor as given directly above in the same column is $55.80. Thus he has no actual outlay in money; on the contrary there is due him $1.80 for surplus labor. A glance at the various amounts in the same line will show how nearly each one supplied his share of work. Messrs. Ott, Eby, and Hill are in debt to the ring as shown by the minus signs, and after the time- keeper collects from them he can pay Messrs. King, Gray, Kell, Rowe, and Todd, who furnished more than their share of labor. The credit will equal the debit if the per- bushel charge is the result of an exact division. In this example the settlement shows a final balance of 98 cents ($31.22 $30.24). This plan necessitates the handling of a very small amount of money, in fact, only the amount which represents the balance of the labor furnished. The money handled in this way by the timekeeper must not be considered in connection with that handled by the treasurer. Each ring must determine for itself the amount of grain to consider as a day’s work and a fair value for the labor. To settle differences in the amount of horse labor furnished, a team may be given the same or half the credit as that of a man and be included in the record in the fifth line of the above model form. 260 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. MANAGEMENT OF THE MACHINERY. In response to the question, “Do you hire an outsider to take charge of the outfit?” the replies show that the general practice is for the manager or captain to hire all the neces- sary help to operate the thrashing rig, to keep their time, -and issue an order for their pay. When this is done, if the services of the men are not satisfactory, they can be dis- missed without trouble in the-circle. In several instances, however, the engine and separator are operated by members of the ring at a given wage, and each assumes the responsi- bility of his machinery. In other instances the manager operates the engine and hires outsiders for the other regular work. Whenever members are detailed with the outfits they are paid fixed wages and are expected to take better care of the property than would someone with no financial interest in it, ARRANGING THE ORDER OF THRASHING, The replies to the question as to how the thrashing order and route is determined may be summarized as follows: “ Alternate ends of run yearly.” “ Quitting place, beginning place next year.” “Last in wheat run, first in oats.” “Skip four jobs each year.” “From 1 to 10—10 to 1 in the circle.” “ Whoever is ready first.” The local conditions must be studied before the thrashing order and route can be best arranged. The first three methods above cited are the most common. It is not a dif- ficult matter to make a good route when the farms are located on a road which incloses a section of land. Unless there is a considerable variation in the time when a certain grain crop can be thrashed, due to variety differences or soil con- ditions, the order should be definitely arranged beforehand so as to avoid trouble and enable the members to plan ac- cordingly. . RING REGULATIONS. Whether a ring owns its outfit or not, there is need of a written agreement among its members. For practical pur- poses, it should be brief. The main features in the agree- ments of cooperation are usually something as follows: The Thrashing Ring in the Corn Belt. 261 Section 1. That the name of this ring shall be Src. 2. That the officers shall be president, secretary-treasurer, man- ager, and timekeeper, elected for one year. Sec. 3. Duties of officers: a. It shall be the duty of the president to call meetings and to pre- side at the same; to act as chairman of a committee to settle disputes which may arise between members, the other two committee members to be selected by the disputing parties. b. It shall be the duty of the secretary-treasurer to keep a record of the business transacted at the regularly-called meetings in a book provided for the purpose; to keep an account of the number of bushels of grain thrashed on each job and to submit a statement of the thrash- ing bills at the second regular business meeting; to keep account of all money received and paid out and to keep receipts or bills for the same. c. It shall be the duty of the timekeeper to keep a record on each job of the men and teams furnished by each member; to get from the secretary-treasurer at the end of the season figures on the total num- ber of bushels of grain thrashed and to submit at the second regular meeting a statement showing the amount of credit each member may have for extra work or the amount he may owe when he has not sup- plied his share of help. [This is based on the prices given in section 6 and may be calculated according to the method described on pages 257 to 259.] d. It shall be the duty of the manager or captain, when the rental plan is followed, to secure the services of the thrashing rig designated by the ring and to arrange definitely the time when it must begin work, or, if the outfit is owned by the ring, to be responsible for its management; to hire the men to operate the machinery in case they are secured outside the circle, to direct the work in all details—look- ing after the necessary supplies of fuel, oil, and repairs—to change men to different jobs if found necessary; to keep an account of the sacks, the canvas, or any property of this kind and to return the same to owners for repairs. He shall treat all members in a courteous manner and endeavor to avoid quarrels and disputes by just decisions and fair treatment. Sec. 4. The owner of the grain shall be the sole judge as to the condition of his grain for thrashing. Sec. 5. The per-bushel charge for thrashing grains shall be as fol- lows, regardless of membership, unless otherwise changed: Oats, ; barley, - ; wheat, > rye, , and clover, Sec. 6. That each member shall be given credit for man or team labor furnished at the rate of $ per day each. That a day’s work shall be based upon 2,000 bushels of oats or its equivalent in wheat or rye. Settlement for labor differences shall be made on this basis unless otherwise changed by the members. Src. 7. Wheat and rye shall be thrashed on the first round of the machine and oats on the second. Any member, if he prefers, may 262 Yearbook of the Department of A griculture. wait and thrash all of his grain at the same time. The second round shall follow the first in reverse order unless otherwise changed. If a member for any reason loses his turn in either round, his turn shall come last, unless the members otherwise arrange. Sec. 8. The thrashing order for wheat shall be as follows: -_-----__ pedpcamath cud tiie, , and the reverse for oats. r¢ Sec. 9. Three-fourths of the members shall constitute a quorum to do business, New members shall be elected by a majority vote of the total membership. Sec. 10. Each member by signing the cooperative agreement of the ring thereby agrees to abide by the rules and regulations and will en- deavor to work for the best interests of the club, and respond to a eall for help from members in preference to outsiders. The penalty for violation of regulations may be the refusal of the other members to furnish help to the one in question. This action must be based upon the majority decision of the committee. Sec. 11. Two regular meetings shall be held yearly, at 9 one the first Tuesday night in July and the other the third Tuesday night in September. The business of the first meeting shall be mainly that of formulating plans for the season’s work. At this meeting the ring should (1) vote on the admission of new members, (2) arrange for the transfer of shares in case a member moves away, (8) make the necessary change in the thrashing order, and (4) make any de- sired change in the thrashing rates or the prices which govern the value of labor differences. The business of the second regular meet- ing shall be mainly the settlement of accounts and the election of officers for another year. The order of business should include: (1) The report of the secretary-treasurer, which may give a summary of all the grain thrashed and the total expenses and submit the ac- counts of the different members who are expected to pay cash or give a note for the same; (2) the submission of unpaid bills for pay- ment; (3) the timekeeper’s report on the total amount of labor furnished by each member and the account of each [a settlement for the labor difference is expected at this time or as soon as the work is all completed] ; (4) miscellaneous business; (5) election of officers for the following year; (6) amendment of the regulations. The above regulations embody most of the essential points covered in the different sets of agreements studied, and they are submitted mainly as a guide in getting a ring started. The duties of the various officers may be assigned as the mem- bers see fit. Likewise any of the provisions not applicable to a given organization may be modified or eliminated as the conditions may warrant. RING OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT OF THE THRASH- ING OUTFIT VS. RING HIRING. Ring ownership necessitates more or less partnership capi- tal with a financial risk, while the hiring plan requires no The Thrashing Ring in the Corn Belt. 263 investment whatever. Either form of organization demands a spirit of cooperation—the united action of several men engaged in the same business—which is the keynote of suc- cess in modern business. Any movement which encourages this tendency of cooperation among farmers is well worth while. The ring-hiring plan of solving the thrashing difficulties is a very satisfactory method, providing a good outfit can be hired at the proper time, and providing it does not require the cooperation of too large a group of men. With the proper conditions, the ring can then secure most of the benefits of cooperation without any investment whatever, and the dissatisfaction which may arise from a common investment in property is eliminated. RING OWNERSHIP OFTEN A NECESSARY MOVE. The fact that ring ownership does involve difficulties which have caused several failures does not seem to hinder the spread of the movement at present. In many instances ihere seemed to be no other alternative, and during several years of experience many of the old difficulties of owner- ship have been overcome. The necessity for ring owner: ship in certain cases is evident from the following replies submitted in answer to the question, “ Why did your mem- bers find it advisable to buy an outfit?” “Unable to get an outside machine that was satisfactory.” “ Hard to get a good rig and had to wait.” “Had to wait two or three weeks and then get a worn- out rig.” “ Labor shortage to run a large outfit.” “To save the grain and thrash when it is fit.” In a number of instances, the farmers experienced the partial loss of a crop or had been seriously delayed in get- ting the thrashing done. Usually, it is not the high price of thrashing nor the desire to make it a money-making scheme that prompts the farmers to buy outfits, but a desire to own their rigs so they can thrash the grain when it is ready, save the larger percentage of it, put the straw under shelter in much better condition, and get the season’s work finished sooner. This leaves more time for the regular farm work. If the thrashing can not be done cheaper, the difference is more than offset by the many advantages, and for this reason the farmers readily decide to make the venture. 264 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. USUAL OBJECTIONS TO RING OWNERSHIP. No move which involves cooperation, even though no capi- tal is involved, can be uniformly successful, for groups of men vary in their ability to hang together. The following replies received in answer to the question, “ What is the worst objection to ring ownership?” show lack of complete harmony: “ Discord among members.” “Every member wants to thrash first.” “Letting the other fellow shoulder the responsibility and then finding fault with him.” “Too many members who are either kickers or slackers.” The 53 answers may be summarized as follows: Lack of competent help, too large a ring______ ont eo 4 Dissatisfaction due to-various Causes___ ==") = 25 ee eee 9 No objection with good management_—_-_____=__-_ = ee Z Novobjection—_ 2): 2s205) a ee eee 38 The fact that 38 out of 53, or 75 per cent of the replies, indicated no objection to the ownership of rigs, is largely due to the more recent tendency to organize in smaller groups and thus avoid the main objections to the movement. The one main cause of dissatisfaction has been too large a membership. This is shown in the following statement by the vice president of a large concern that manufactures thrashing machines: “ Where there is a large association of members, dissatis- faction of one nature or another usually arises, resulting in the splitting up of the association and the placing of the rig in the possession of good operators that are capable of doing custom work.” SUCCESS OF RING OWNERSHIP OF THRASHING RIGS, It is impossible to determine what percentage of the ring purchases of thrashing rigs prove to be successful. The opinions of men vary. This is a recent statement of an of- ficial of another large thrashing machine concern: “There are a good number of farm thrashing companies throughout the State of Indiana, and it is our opinion that 90 per cent of these companies operate successfully and satis- factorily. Occasionally you will find them where there 1s disagreement and the organization breaks up, the ring dis- The Thrashing Ring in the Corn Belt. 265 bands, and the thrashing is done by some custom operator. However, on the whole, we believe that it is.a successful proposition.” The economical and financial possibilities of ring owner- ship are indicated by the experience of the following rings, which also represent three of the smaller-sized thrashing units. 1. Example of a large ring—Up-to-Date Thrashing Co., Livingston County, Lll.; organized in 1914; 10 members, shares owned in unequal amounts; 15 farms in ring; part- nership capital, $3,275; equipment includes a 20-horsepower steam engine, a water tank, a separator with 34-inch cylin- der, a corn sheller, and a second-hand silage cutter. The practice thus far has been for the manager to hire outside help to run the engine and separator. The summary _ of the work during the first four years is as follows: Summary of 4 years’ work of a large ring. | | Tiagtine | Sealing | tne | orn resin Bushels. Bushels. Tons. Dollars. 46, 339 10, 128 515 1, 207 73,699 14, 217 502 1, 767 43, 301 26,643 496 1, 245 73, 234 None. 940 1, 756 The customary prices are charged for all the thrashing done. At the end of the fourth year the treasurer reported $282 on hand. Out of the money ordinarily paid for custom work the outfit had met all expenses and paid for itself, and it was considered good for at least 6 or 7 years more service, The total thrashing force usually employed in this ring for field work is as follows: Ten men with teams to haul bundles; 5 pitchers in the field; 3 men with teams to haul the thrashed grain; 2 men to help unload grain at the barn; 1 man on the stack; 1 man to operate the stacker; 1 man to clean up about the machine; 1 water boy; 3 men with the outfit. This represents a force of 27 men. A ring of this size de- mands good, capable management to insure success, and this company has been very successful and the members are well pleased with the results. 266 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. 2. Example of a medium-sized ring—Brush Ridge Thrasher Co,, Marion County, Ohio; organized in 1905, 5 tenants, 8 landowners; original partnership capital, $2,700; members signed notes in payment and let outfit pay for itself; equipment included a 32-inch separator, a clover huller, a 20-horsepower engine and a shed to house the outfit. The work done the past two seasons is as follows: Summary of 2 years’ work of a medium-sized ring. Year. Oats. Wheat. Barley. | Clover. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. | Bushels. 1017 oschct cde 26, 200 4,030 400 61 1918.40 Acca Ra ena 27,163 5, 224 568 40 A limited acreage of grain is thrashed for outsiders. The total acreage of grain thrashed averages about 650 acres. The success of the outfit is indicated in the following state- ment by S. R. Reber, one of the officers of the ring: “ We bought our first outfit in 1905 and paid for that and bought another in 1913. We paid up the last note this last November, 1918, with a balance of $13.67 in the treasury.” This is a good example of the medium-sized rings. The help needed to run the outfit is not so large but that it can be managed successfully without great difficulty, and the acre- age is large enough to make it a financial success. 3. Hxamples of the small ring.—Organized in 1918, Fay- ette County, Ohio; members, 3 landowners; partnership capital, $1,000; this represents only the cost of a small 22- inch separator which has a clover-seed attachment; the power furnished is the 12-24 farm tractor used on the farms; grain acreage in the circle, about 400 acres; thrash for a few outsiders only. The work done during the season of 1918 is as follows: 2,800 bushels of oats, 9,000 bushels of wheat, 100 bushels of clover seed. The thrashing crew was as follows: Five men with teams and wagons to haul bundles; no field pitchers, used bundle wagons; 2 men with 125-bushel wagon beds to haul grain 3 miles away; 1 man and a boy to manage outfit and to help some with grain. Thus a total crew of eight men and a boy, with seven teams, successfully thrashed with this small outfit and de- The Thrashing Ring in the Corn Belt. 267 livered each day about 750 bushels of wheat to the elevator, 3 miles away. The use of a bundle wagon is not a very common practice in the Corn Belt, but this ring and several others in which it has been tried find it saves two or three helpers. The use of a gas engine also dispenses with the water boy, and the engineer has time to help considerably about the separator. Mr. Edwin E. Sedwick, Alexis, Ill., and two others, with a total grain acreage of 180 acres to thrash, each have a 10-20 farm tractor, and last year they secured a 20-inch cylinder separator. Mr. Sedwick writes as follows concerning its success : “Five of us, with my 14-year-old daughter to scoop back the grain, did all of our thrashing from the field in good shape in 11 days’ time. Each man pitched his own load. We think this plan far ahead of the old idea of exchanging help. We get our straw in the barn in good shape, which is a great saving. As we had a big job, we paid for one-fourth of our separator this year with the money ordinarily paid out for custom thrashing; I think there will be more out- fits of this kind sold next year.” Pasko, Armstrong, Sahr Co., Huntington County, Ind.; organized September, 1917; partnership capital includes a 20-inch cylinder. separator, which cost $900, a clover huller, corn husker, a hay baler, and a machine shed 27 by 34 feet; acreage of grain to thrash, 400 acres; thrash for no outsiders; the custom thrashing prices are charged. The thrashing work done during the 1918 season was as follows: 14,000 bushels of oats, 1,400 bushels of wheat, and the net receipts were $180. The president of this company, Mr. Armstrong, also, sent this statement concerning the success of the company: “ Using the farm tractor for thrashing helps to pay for it, and we can thrash when the grain is ready. There should be no more than 6 members in a ring, for 6 men can operate a small machine and more are apt to cause trouble.” The officers in this company consist of a president, secre- tary, treasurer, and machinist, who also acts as timekeeper. FINANCIAL RETURNS. Out of the 70 replies from rings to the question, “ Will the outfit pay for itself?” 52 said, “ yes,” 16 said it would in 3 268 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. to 5 years, and the rest said “if not in cash, it will in saving the crop.” It is evident from these reports that a rig, when well managed, under favorable conditions, can pay for itself within 5 years, after which the cost of thrashing is very trival. The life of an outfit depends upon its care and the extent of its use, but judging from the experience of several, it will give good service for from 10 to 15 years. In several cases, 20 per cent to 25 per cent dividends were declared. When it is possible to find a manager who can handle a large outfit successfully, and thrash at least 800 acres of grain in the circle, the financial return can be much greater than that for a smaller outfit, no matter how success- fully run. The difficulty les in the trouble to find competent managers who will work for the best interests of a large group of men. PRESENT TENDENCY OF THE MOVEMENT TOWARD RING OWNERSHIP. During the past two or three years, the number of out- fits sold to farm organizations has greatly increased, and the tendency at present is toward the formation of smaller co- operating units and the purchase of smaller outfits. This is largely due to two reasons, (1) the necessity for the more economical use of labor, and (2) advent of the farm tractor. This power can be well utilized to run a small thrasher, which, complete with a wind stacker, a self-feeder, and a weigher, costs about $1,200. The present tendency of the movement is indicated by the following statement of a representative connected with one of oe Jeading thrashing machine companies: “Most of the farmer clubs consist of only just enough farmers to make one good ring, so that they can get all their thrashing done in about 15 days. Al the thrashing is com- pleted in seasonable time, so that all the grain may be saved to the best advantage. We believe that for 1919 the farmer club business will be increased considerably, especially a lot of the smaller-sized separators will be sold to 2, 3, or 4 farm- ers, or just enough so that they can be ready to operate and not have more than is necessary to make the full outfit so that they can do their thrashing in a short time, then im- mediately get busy with the rest of their farm work.” THE REDISCOVERY OF AN OLD DISH. By Hersert P. DAvtis, Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry. A VALUABLE FOOD WHICH LACKED RECOGNITION. ANY an old-time cherished dish has gradually disap- peared from its accustomed place on the American table. Sometimes its very existence has been almost for- gotten. Such was the case with that stand-by of our grand- mothers, “ Dutch” or cottage cheese. Nearly all those of the older generation will remember having seen their mothers make this delicious cheese. It was good and they liked it, but for some reason it has largely disappeared. Cottage cheese has been made in a small way, it is true, but its appearance in the meal of the average family has been all too rare. One might have thought this cheese had been guilty of a crime, since it had apparently been dropped by polite society. There was more or less reason for the city family’s not making cottage cheese. Seldom was there milk to spare, and when there was the small quantity was used in cooking. Cities with a large foreign population, how- ever, did consume a considerable quantity of cottage cheese. Much of it was of inferior quality, but as it was almost al- ways used for cooking, that fact did not hinder its sale. The situation in the country districts was somewhat dif- ferent. Nearly always there was plenty of skim milk for making cottage cheese, but for some reason it was believed that skim milk or “ blue milk” was really of little value for human food. Every one knew that it was good for calves, pigs, and chickens, and that they made their best growth when it was abundant in the ration. The fact that skim milk can supply a rich and nourishing food for the family table was not recognized. EXTENT OF SKIM-MILK WASTE. It took a jolt to jar us from our lethargy. It required a great world war to make us realize the necessity of using 269 270 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. food wisely. During the war every effort was made to hunt out and eliminate waste and to make the best utilization of the food at hand. It was this search that revealed the im- mense food possibilities of that common dairy by-product, skim milk. ; Of the 84 billion pounds of milk produced annually in the United States, 41 per cent is used for buttermaking. In se- curing cream to make butter, approximately five-sixths of the original milk remains as skim milk. In other words, about 29 billion pounds of skim milk is produced as a by- product. What has this skim milk been used for? Some of it has been condensed, much of it has been fed to live stock, some of it has been used in cooking, but a considerable por- tion has actually been wasted. “ Blue milk,” or skim milk, has all too frequently run down the sewers of creameries and milk plants, especially during the spring and summer. In one factory, only a year ago, 25,000 pounds of skim milk 1s said to have been wasted daily, and in another factory 10,000 pounds ran down the sewer every day. To obtain the better utilization of skim milk for human food, the Department of Agriculture inaugurated a nation- wide campaign. It was easy to see that much skim milk was available, but it was difficult to know how to get people to use it. There was a decided prejudice against milk from which the cream had been removed. How to convince peo- ple and make plain the great value of this product was a problem. Being a fluid, skim milk was thought to contain little or no nourishment. It therefore seemed desirable to devise ways of using skim milk in a more solid or concentrat- ed form. Cottage cheese offered the opportunity. Easy to make, palatable, digestible, it could be eaten alone or in a great number of dishes. In fact, few people realized the diversity of its uses. CONSERVING FOOD BY MAKING COTTAGE CHEESE. The food situation during the war demanded the sparing and careful use of meat; therefore, the food value of cottage cheese compared with meat was properly displayed. Cal- culations indicated wonderful possibilities. It was figured that if all the 29 billion pounds of skim milk were converted into cottage cheese, its food value would be practically The Rediscovery of an Old Dish. 271 equivalent to our annual consumption of beef. So from an idea it grew to be a plan. People must be told that skim milk is valuable, that it can easily be made into cottage. cheese of delicious flavor and high food value. But how to get the information to the city housewife and to the farm- er’s wife was the question. A call was sent to the various State colleges: “ Women trained in home economics are needed to demonstrate the making and use of cottage cheese in town and country.” Forty women reported at Washington within a fortnight. A week or more was devoted to intensive drilling on im- proved ways of making cottage cheese and using it in various dishes. Then the force went into the field and intensive campaigns of a week or more were conducted in the large cities from coast to coast. MANUFACTURE SHOWN BY MOTION PICTURES. Demonstrations were given many times a day to all classes of people, in home-demonstration club rooms, in community kitchens, in stores, in settlement houses, schoolhouses, cafe- terias, in fact any place that offered an opportunity for in- troducing the cottage-cheese propaganda to the people. In the demonstrations, cottage cheese was used alone, as a relish, in soups, in salads, in making meatlike dishes, and even in pie and custard. Meanwhile marketing specialists from the de- partment cooperated with grocers, milk dealers, and others in order that cottage cheese of high quality might be avail- able at reasonable prices. Dairy-manufacturing specialists visited créameries and milk plants where cottage cheese was being made or where there were possibilities for its manu- facture. They advised, assisted, and instructed in the mak- ing of a first-class product. Moving-picture theaters showed notices of the meetings and pictures of the various ways of serving cottage cheese, and in many instances exhibited the department’s two-reel feature film, “Why Eat Cottage Cheese?” In this film, the various steps in the manufacture, handling, and use of cottage cheese were graphically por- trayed, and in that way instructed thousands of people who were not able to attend the demonstrations. The demonstrators often were received with skepticism by the city housewife. She doubted whether cottage cheese 98911°—yrsx 1918———20 272 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. could be used in the variety of ways suggested, but if she attended the demonstrations and saw prepared and actually tasted the delicious dishes displayed, all doubt was quickly dispelled. “I never dreamed that cottage cheese could be used in so many ways,” was a remark frequently overheard. Many a husband has been served with cottage-cheese soup, sausage, or salad. Like Cesar, the women demonstrators came, saw, and conquered. The success of such an effort is hard to gauge. Exact figures are usually difficult to obtain. In one city, the quantity of cottage cheese sold daily jumped from 10 pounds to nearly 3,000, and in another from 350 pounds to more than a ton. The creamery which formerly poured 10,000 pounds of skim milk down the sewer every day later turned it into 700 pounds of cot- tage cheese. Restaurants, cafés, hotels, clubs, and dining cars added cottage cheese to their menus, and, what was more important than all, it was served in many homes. Cot- tage-cheese banquets and lunches, at which cottage cheese was used in practically every dish, came into vogue. A COTTAGE-CHEESE MENU. The following menu was served at the banquet of a prom- inent club of an eastern city: First Course: ASTONISHMENT. Cream of Cottage-Cheese Soup. Croutons. Second Course: INTEREST. Cottage-Cheese Cutlet (No meat). Creamed Potatoes. Mustard Pickles. Graham Muffins. Whey Sirup. Third Course: ADMIRATION, Cottage-Cheese Salad. Wafers. Fourth Course: Drvorion. Cottage-Cheese Tart. Mints. The occasion was a great success. The food was good, in fact delicious, and even the critical went away thoroughly delighted. In some places, the enthusiasm reached such a Yearbook U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. PLATE XXXVII. FIG. 1.—COTTAGE-CHEESE CLUB SANDWICH, PALATABLE AND NUTRITIOUS. FIG, 2.—COTTAGE-CHEESE LOAF, A SUBSTANTIAL MEATLIKE DISH. 272-1 The Rediscovery of an Old Dish. 273 pitch that the common greeting was: “ Good morning; have you eaten cottage cheese?” If we are to believe the indi- cations, the success was very real. THE FARM CAMPAIGN FOR COTTAGE CHEESE. While not so spectacular, the farm campaign was no less successful. It was not carried on with the wave of en- thusiasm that attended the city effort, but was a steady, con- stant, and, it is believed, effective effort to reach the people in the rural districts. .A cottage-cheese worker was sent into nearly every State to train the State and county home demonstration workers, that they as well as she might be prepared to teach farm women the making and using of cottage cheese. The work was well organized. Whenever possible it was carried on through the farm bureaus with men and women county agents as leaders, but all agencies working for the betterment of country life were enlisted. There was no lack of skim milk. On most farms, indeed, in the North, there was an abundance which was being used for feeding live stock. To be sure, some was used for human food, but the quantity so utilized was pitifully small. In the South less was available, but as the people realized the human-food value of skim milk, the demand for cows in- creased. So far as time and funds would permit, the States were covered systematically, county by county. Meetings were held at convenient times and places, in school- houses, Grange halls, churches, and in private homes. The women came doubting but were willing to be convinced. Too often the farm diet was without variety, meat and po- tatoes being the great stand-bys. In some localities, for months at a time, only salt meat was served. Seemingly the economy of using dairy products was not appreciated. That they were sold so completely that the farm family did not use them was indeed surprising, yet it was true. Gradually cream had disappeared from the farm table, followed in many instances by whole milk. Frequently skim milk was served, but who can like oatmeal with only a little skim milk? The result was that its use gradually declined. In other words, the people who were producing such a vital food did now use it. This was the situation that the demonstrators had to 274 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. face when talking cottage cheese. “ Why, skim milk isn’t worth anything,” was a common remark. To produce de- licious food from this little-valued product seemed amazing. Remarks like “I never realized that you could make good things to eat from skim milk” were often heard. ADDED FOOD VARIETY FOR FARM TABLE. While skeptical at first, farm women were eager to learn. In a short time, from the farthest southeastern part of the country to the Northwest and from New England to the western coast, farm women were making cottage cheese and giving it to the family, not only alone, but in many attrac- tive and tasty dishes. It furnished a much-needed variety ‘for the farm table. Many took up the making of cottage cheese on a larger scale to sell to neighbors or to take to town. Selling cottage cheese was found to be profitable. One young girl, by making cottage cheese on Saturdays and selling it in town, was able to pay her way through a term at college. Girls’ and boys’ clubs in several States took up the work and found it one of their most interesting and profitable lines. In at least one instance, cottage cheese saved a dairy herd from slaughter.. A little 9-year-old girl, who attended a demonstration, learned to make cottage cheese, thus utilizing the skim milk from her father’s herd. It turned the tables. An unprofitable herd became a profitable one, and dairy cows were saved at a time when none could be spared. The ingenious ways of preparing cottage cheese often led to interesting incidents. At one place where supposed sau- sage was served, a prominent chemist refused to believe that it contained no meat. Only a practical demonstration of the preparation and cooking of the dish convinced him. A fireman who attended a cottage-cheese exhibit remarked: “These things are fine: Why did we have to wait till war time to have good things to eat?” When properly and carefully made, cottage cheese rivals its more aristocratic sisters, Neufchatel and cream cheese. Made by the process introduced by the women demon- strators, it became a new product, not the common dry, tough, grainy, sour-tasting cheese that tended to repel both The Rediscovery of an Old Dish. 275 eye and taste, but a smooth, fine, rich, creamy product that appealed to all. Put up in a neat, attractive package it was readily sold. SKIM MILK FOR HUMANS OR HOGS ? Sometimes the question arose, “Is it better to turn skim milk into cottage cheese or feed it to the hogs?” for meat was vitally needed. This seemed a fair question, and the correct answer was sought. Investigation showed that when fed with corn or other grains, as is necessary, 100 pounds of skim milk would produce about 5 pounds of dressed pork. Compared with that, the same quantity made 15 pounds of cottage cheese. Now every one knows that cottage cheese is practically equal to most meats for furnishing that blood- and-muscle-building element, protein. With about three times this element of human food produced when made into cottage cheese, there seemed to be no argument left. TO MAKE THE BENEFITS PERMANENT. The main effort is over, and looking back, we try to find the real accomplishments. Certainly it is not too much to say that the American people, both in town and in country, have rediscovered an old dish. A food much used by former generations has been reestablished in society, but, more im- portant than all, millions of pounds of skim milk have been converted into a palatable, digestible food. It is too much to expect that cottage cheese will be used continuously in as large quantities as it was during the campaign. It is not too much, however, to look forward to a constant use of so valuable a food in thousands of homes where formerly it was not known. By no means the least accomplishment was incidental. The American house- wife has been made to appreciate more fully the true value of dairy products. A food shortage developed the use of a valuable by-product the continued use of which will be a permanent benefit to the health and welfare of the American family. The extent to which cottage cheese will be used in the future depends largely, of course, on its quality. Like many other dairy products, it is highly perishable, and should 276 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. have the same consideration as other foods requiring proper handling and, in warm weather, refrigeration. Even a knowledge of its high food value will not induce the public to use cottage cheese which is unpalatable. This fact sug- gests the advantage of marking the package with the name and address of the maker, in order that consumers may be able to make later purchases of cheese which has proved satisfactory. : PUBLICATIONS ON COTTAGE CHEESE. The following publications of the Department of Agricul- ture on the manufacture and use of cottage cheese may be obtained on application to the Secretary of Agriculture: Cottage-Cheese Dishes. Office of the Secretary, Cireular 109, How to Make Cottage Cheese on the Farm. Farmers’ Bulletin 850. Manufacture of Cottage Cheese in Creameries and Milk Plants. Department Bulletin 576. Ways to Use Cottage Cheese. Bureau of Animal Industry Leaf- let 18. Cottage Cheese—An Inexpensive Meat Substitute. Bureau of Ani- mal Industry Leaflet 24. FOLLOWING THE PRODUCE MARKETS... By G. B. FIsKer, Investigator in Marketing Fruits and Vegetables, Bureau of Markets. ie ELEN by faith rather than by sight has sometimes been recommended as wise policy, but produce growers used to find it frequently and mightily disastrous when they followed it perforce, before the establishment of the Crop and Market Reporting Service of the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture. Of course, some of them are still fol- lowing the faith system of growing and marketing because they have not seen fit to use the eyes furnished them by the Government reporting service, and these are still planting, gathering, and marketing at random. A constantly increas- ing number, however, are looking around and ahead, seeing what other sections are doing, finding where any shortage or surplus is likely to be produced, ascertaining special ad- vantages or disadvantages in consuming centers, and gen- erally getting a forecast of the market from crop and other conditions, ‘the country over. Thus the more farsighted southern potato growers take into account the volume and probable movement of the northern crop and the amount of the old crop likely to be left over until spring. Even the _northern growers may put in a late acreage and top-dress the crop if the general situation suggests a shortage caused by a reduced acreage or by a hard spring frost in parts of the northern territory. IMPORTANCE OF CROP FORECASTS. Texas onion growers use every means to ascertain the amount of old northern stock in storage and the rate at which it is going to market. The southern growers of cab- bage, celery, and other special crops make similar calcula- tions. Orange growers in Florida and California judge the outlook as affected by the probable supply of northern apples during the winter and spring seasons, and the northern Ole ded add 278 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. orchardists are interested in the citrus-crop prospects as affecting the demand for northern fruit. Producers of hothouse crops also have a similar general problem. Said a well-known-eastern lettuce grower some years ago before the Government crop and market reporting services had been developed: “ I would give $500 a year for quick news of the acreage and condition of southern lettuce.” He could hold back his crop or advance its maturity consid- erably by a variation in greenhouse management. When news of a destructive freeze in the South reaches northern growers of hothouse products, if they are on the alert, seed beds and moisture are promptly regulated to take advantage of the shortage soon to occur, while near-by box dealers at once look up available supplies to meet the coming emer- gency. Unexpected weather conditions may enable a dam- aged crop to recover quickly or may destroy a promising outlook, but in the long run the comparatively few growers who study country-wide conditions are likely to come to good markets with large crops more often than the average growers. EFFECT OF GROWERS’ VIEWPOINT. The majority of growers are likely to plant more or less unconsciously by the past rather than by probabilities, For this reason, a crop that paid well one season is likely to be overplanted the following year. Thus the short and high- priced potato and onion crops of 1916 were followed by very heavy planting in 1917 and also by liberal planting in 1918. The short bean crop of 1916 has been followed by a great increase of acreage in each of the two following years. The rule to plant lightly after a bad crop and heavily after a large one is not always safe, but it has proved safe oftener than the opposite course. Since official price statistics are now available for several years, the wise grower can plan his planting for the market in the light of a definite knowledge of the probabilities. STEADYING INFLUENCES ON THE MARKET. In marketing, this general principle of one extreme fol- lowing another is frequently in evidence. Markets that are scantily supplied to-day may soon be glutted, but the ship- Following the Produce Markets. 279 per who acts promptly according to market reports of scarcity can often reach such markets early and receive the advantage of high prices, Handling shipments correctly in this respect requires all the judgment the shipper may pos- sess even with the most prompt and reliable market news that he can secure. The recent development of a class of large distributors able to direct shipments successfully is doing much to equalize prices in the various markets of the country. The figures supplied by the railroads to the United States Department of Agriculture show that the greater part of some crops shipped long distances is shipped not direct to markets but to “ gateways” and sent to final destination by diversions at these points, the diversions being made by order of the shipper in accordance with the condition of the various markets or with sales made while cars are rolling. By this system many markets are kept fully supplied by purchases of car lots soon to arrive, or within one or two days’ run of those markets. This has a steadying effect on prices and usually tends to discourage consignment ship- ments to such points. COMPETITION AND COOPERATION. All shippers now have access to official market informa- tion which enables them to judge for themselves regarding the probable market conditions at the time when their ship- ments should arrive, and to act accordingly. With the less perishable crops like northern potatoes and apples, they may ship almost anywhere at any time, and may hasten or delay the movement if market conditions warrant such action. Thus during the past season, some of the southern potato growers, knowing the short crop forecast for Virginia and Maryland, and suspecting the beginning of a better market, held their potatoes a few weeks and were rewarded by advancing prices. For the same reason, some northern growers dug and marketed their potato crop a little earlier than usual. a49- 0 oe eet 8, 956 8, 524 31, 753 20, 499 13, 298 8,759 ies 18, 242 14, 361 2,176 2,427 | 32, 892 93, 142 Richmond............:- 2,005 1, 563 16,111 23, 233 764 18 BHeinsopn- tee. $7462: 2 0 80, 622 61,488 | 315,259 | 165,071 50, 324 52, 090 PeMenis.”. 235550. 2. 11, 482 10, 104 82, 434 68,725 1, 288 420 Ripeicnpbere. 2.2 | ia 130,798 86,470 | 312,741] 245,759 46, 207 27,452 Salt Lake City.......... 2, 487 2,785 6,199 5, 051 18, 409 14, 936 San Antonio...........- 12, 461 23, 504 2, 684 3, 696 2, 042 1,640 OT" ee 4, 893 2, 369 20, 512 6, 144 10, 535 333 POMsAOTLY, 205. LOS. fe 77,915 51, 091 235, 772 176, 044 48,148 42,877 Sie SL GEE hs Sa a ore 235 665 11, 082 2,444 120 batesee ess See eee 4, 822 2,678 6,381 4,057 980 93 Bnacomd 4058 fo5 20) es 1, 543 375 4,512 910 3,636 220 OO St ees 3,993 4,229 43, 089 47, 472 4,147 5,790 Washington............. 1,913 1,680 5, 166 4,513 683 317 wrahitals fae.) 27, 361 25, 932 73, 380 43,743 3, 426 1, 457 2,136,997 | 1,894,788 | 5,538,024 | 4,028,069 | 1,644,683 | 1,566,171 [oo ale Qh ag FU Yd Fae Oe a O08. 4005 4A das). eerten.d 20. 28s) | Sioa Boa Ave? Ruan oe 425 ORAL. Nebraska City .......... ii UM eoeee Mere Bhi 1 el oS Ole eo ee ey BPs ee LG 110 Ne ae ea Tl COON eae ey Mbbtre © ee DOP TAIEE Sis 88 Sranpebure-.:....2.. .-. °F jill IRR 5 ALOSEM I. ts fadoads [ui ete s eaeiee ee eed. ASG Om. dent 8G oo woes GSO eC eeu aee de DOG s.adaee oe B'606 'feevtoc cs « Watertown. 2: 2.3222 Ci ROO Se a od Fak eA 2 SC Sa PTR ae 98911°—ysx 1918——29 396 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. Exurpit 6.—Live-stock receipts at stockyards—Continued. COMPARISON OF THE YEAR 1918 WITH THE YEAR 1917. Cattle. Market. 1918 | 1917 IDAs ob cota s ace ae 46, 078 106, 717 AYSIU S ee netss ss aes 271, 631 351, 997 Atlanta sso. ocesneaees 21,715 27, 586 ATIPUSiS. 2. osc ostese sees 13, 615 14, 086 HalkIMmMOres 2. - Fe sc ssaee 226, 846 228, 139 Birmingham ...........- 21, 876 18, 551 WFOSUONS. ee cee ee cou eeee 103, 502 90, 602 Baalo.wecccet ea reese 667, 671 531, 035 Chattanooga..........:- 13,317 24,616 CHICAPO {2220 Sr osk nae 4, 447, 689 | 3,820, 271 Cincinnati: > =....<...=025~ 455, 291 452, 836 Cleveland... o2sses.55t-22 271, 630 295, 913 Coltmibia. 2 5.222. s25ee 5,192 4,227 Colom bus: 72 532 5..s=t25e 3,491 1,370 1011 Ce Se eae 11, 984 8, 401 DAVLON- 2.8 es omc cc eR aes 29,561 26, 034 WIAIVGU-. 56 et ase crop ee 728, 268 653, 377 Detroit. .3. 3 32+ - 080. 252, 326 262, 944 107115111 es Fars ce 2,419 653 East St. Louis.........- 1,509, 409 | 1,404, 741 WAP aSO S222 sees ack sed 211, 632 189, 916 Isvansvilleo ee 2s «2242.2 44, 643 34, 807 Fort:Wotilies22-..--52ec 1, 665, 009 | 1, 959, 537 WOHOTIA. co L8t 2 feces 9,581 12, 322 Indianapolis............ 504, 190 501, 156 Jacksonville: .-......... 39, 764 9, 308 Jersey City..552.2...5c06 649, 620 754, 976 Kansas City isesecaven ee 3,319,511 | 2, 902, 233 REMOVING. 255 oeoucawe hes 19, 038 19, 626 La Fayette... .. cic.c0-.- 13, 954 14, 291 LIGMCABNOR Ss 5 cei ia cae'aas 303, 705 258, 245 LAREIS DOT Gori ce ass dow’ « 1, 259 1,010 RUISVINO £8 See cag once 218, 428 220, 933 Mam png, 55S spevcews asi 3, 685 5, 040 Milwaukee.............. 370, 431 295, 472 Montgomery ...........- 34, 295 7, 233 INASIVIUG wis doo wean ce 87, 585 117, 930 New Brighton........... 80, 663 50, 048 New Orleans.......-.... 174, 482 165, 823 GW ORK sp vactskekned 385, 121 276, 300 Opie... 25. Savenesned 117, 470 63,779 Oklahoma City.......... 690, 109 620,175 OMOhEaicsvecsrvuereces 1, 993, 366 | 1, 719, 822 POU vincsiccccescss nai 31, 688 24, 737 Philadelphia............ 193, 663 192, 421 Pittsburgh...... dveevecs 522, 683 559, 570 Hogs. 1918 1917 | 4,510 | 50,400 10,855 | 18,753 46,515 | 36,172 8, 355 6, 804 804,497} 810,320 13, 760 2, 390 14, 157 19, 536 1,300, 738 | 1, 114, 050 13, 033 14, 454 8,614, 190 | 7, 168, 852 1, 462, 702 | 1, 239, 042 1,223,425 | 898, 131 3, 353 3, 786 65, 425 55, 419 61, 639 87, 189 117, 929 87, 839 383,543 | 351,903 408,372 | 431,392 3, 609 465 3, 256, 400 | 2, 705, 614 19, 417 20, 943 221,738 | 148, 122 762, 486 | 1,062, 021 96,350| 66, 586 2, 749, 976 | 2,350, 730 72, 099 15, 913 566,131 | 743, 582 3, 327, 722 | 2, 276, 995 11, 559 13, 278 185,949 | 123, 201 577,587 | 397, 695 15, 421 10, 252 757,912 | 680,380 3, 152 401 544,944] 410, 613 47, 897 10, 035 580,961 | 478, 661 3, 728 8, 249 49, 606 57,575 650,708 | 552, 127 59, 233 57, 009 571,066 | 634, 291 3, 429,533 | 2,796,596 394,581 | 262, 438 273,142 | 219,074 1, 808, 080 | 1, 745, 868 Sheep. 1918 1917 702 44,506 54,929] 157,991 538 1,857 345 293 359,261 | 349,055 1,173 1,154 3, 745 3, 263 903,553 | 756,454 2, 656 2, 406 4, 629, 736 | 3,595, 228 274,554 | 270,329 287,422 | 319, 784 281 118 1, 169 298 284 452 4, 421 3, 769 1,651, 759 | 2,059, 898 278,643 | 297,391 536,405 | 531, 034 87,754 | 211, 061 11,349 8, 655 334,596 | 405, 810 9, 643 11, 709 113,828} 102, 293 1, 888 35 1, 144, 972 | 1,328, 71 1, 667, 463 | 1, 498, 550 1,891 2, 648 4,544 3, 632 257,029} 159,610 478 156 256,706 | 272,059 2, 161 242 57, 108 48, 051 6, 425 1, 163 108, 064 94, 345 203, 366 82, 535 9, 144 6,021 271, 470 82, 71 423,316 | 379, 847 31, 516 50, 424 3,385, 696 | 3, 016, 631 1,195 980 231,442 | 185,010 552,848 | 563, 056 Government Market Reports on Live Stock and Meats. 397 Exureit 6.—Live-stock receipts at stockyards—Continued. COMPARISON OF THE YEAR 1918 WITH THE YEAR 1917—Continued. | | Cattle, Hogs. Sheep. Market. SET TERS ee OF Poon 1918 | 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 HEI ED RESP a) CFO | cee EEE eae Re ee EE pe ei 119,636 | 105,409] 228,244] 221,687] 149,331 | 140,887 Prenlo. e020 bv. 2 205,301 | 185, 808 22, 653 16,652 | 761,959 800,302 fichmond'.-3.525...32- 22, 497 25, 966 59, 893 77, 804 6, 919 8, 094 Gipelosephi:s-. 0-2-2... 869,888 | 670,167 | 2,351,013 | 1,920,177 | 827,489] 678, 853 Beaingnis:. eae Sh 123,168 | 118,045 | 858,869] 741,522 31, 621 67, 685 Bi.eaul....... Sie Se: 1, 430, 408 | 1,197,129 | 2,061,390 | 1,927, 952 630, 203 429, 617 Salt Lake City.........- 53, 906 41,970 45, 015 42,166 | 423,664 | 356,712 San Antonio............ 175,919 | 192, 885 30,391] . 39,686 40, 688 51, 358 CCC TG ph lee 56, 036 39,093 | 127,036] 129,533 51, 934 8,781 Brom Orty wee say 25-42 817,593 | 706,718 | 2,421,166 | 2,149,115 | 387,423 | 267, 441 Siow= Falls..2-J2...--..: 6, 962 6, 972 62, 276 5, 862 1,509 362 aes 51, 086 25, 881 44,339 37,648 | 102,312 38, 878 a AA ete 26, 883 20, 316 31,576 18, 759 28, 391 27, 956 iniedp.! cb cS 224) ) 44 oR 32,129] 254,875] 278,389 28,517 33, 771 Washington............. 18, 042 15, 780 55, 604 57, 652 8, 385 7, 200 (CLE Ut Soe ee ee 393,914] 371,307 617, 745 494, 877 39, 842 27, 366 25, 204, 617 |23, 056, 381 |44, 870, 070 |38, 404, 717 |21, 787,656 |19, 856, 608 Mpipisdas ath: RA Si 2-555 66,582 (S225 .25.26% 1S, BOO eLRtieea aes LOS BOO soe ae ke lio: ne aa 10 8 eae Oe oe FI OG) ere see Nebraska City. ......... Sid He 275 Ob ths. o. a. Pre ae ae INGnOles eae ses ee OVO Nee DBT Wb She se cons 176327 BA Orangeburg............. 688/295 22 UiGas jer S oh es | See ee a TEE eee a FiO Tn eer a 7 aa eee | A7-00L jaa7eke ee Watertown...) 2. 50.22. AEROBIE arta seh ee eee Se Codie Hoe dae cae we ee a eee THE “LIVE STOCK AND MEAT TRADE NEWS.” The various kinds of service that have been enumerated cover the most important branches of the live-stock and meat industry. None of these, however, supplies miscellane- ous trade information coming from outside sources, much of which is valuable. In order to accomplish this purpose the “ Live Stock and Meat Trade News,” a weekly bulletin, was inaugurated in December, 1917. Through it brief sum- maries of current information published periodically by the Bureau of Markets are given to the public, and news is fur- nished in a form that is valuable for the use of daily pa- pers, thereby obtaining wide publicity for important items relating to the live-stock industry. 7 398 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. In the very nature of the case, the effectiveness of the bureau’s work along the various lines of meat and live-stock reporting depends upon the extent to which the public utilizes the information that is made available. The whole purpose to be accomplished is to improve conditions in the live-stock trade so that production will be encouraged, and, furthermore, to shorten the gap between producer and con- sumer. Any unwarranted margin of profit on meat products can only lessen consumption and disturb values. It brings conflict between producing and consuming interests where none should exist. All the reports referred to above are available to the pub- lic and are furnished free. The Bureau of Markets at Washington now has a large mailing list, but the list is not long enough nor will it be long enough until it includes the names of all who can be benefited by receiving regularly one or more of these daily, weekly, and monthly reports. COTTON WAREHOUSING—BENEFITS OF AN ADE- QUATE SYSTEM. WITH A DISCUSSION OF THE RECEIPT UNDER THE UNITED STATES WAREHOUSE ACT. By Roy L. NEwTon and JAMES M. WorKMAN. Investigators in Warehousing. BETTER CONSTRUCTED AND BETTER MANAGED COTTON WAREHOUSES NEEDED. AREHOUSING under an adequate system has become essential to the efficient marketing of the cotton crop. Through the lessons taught by the conditions that prevailed in the South during the first year of the great world war, the producer has begun to realize that proper care in the marketing of his products is as necessary as in the tilling of the soil and the planting and harvesting of the crop. He has found also that it is advisable to distribute his sales over a longer period of time. In meeting this need, unfortunately, too little attention has been given to the essentials of an efficient warehousing system. The necessity of efficient management, of construc- tion in compliance with the standards of the fire under- writers, of responsible business organization, and of the in- corporation of terms and conditions in warehouse receipts which will give them a maximum value as security has not been realized. As a result, in many cases the warehouses have been unable to give entirely satisfactory service. Poor construction and the lack of necessary fire protection in many cases have caused almost prohibitive insurance rates; inefficient management and high costs of handling have re- sulted in excessive storage rates; lack of responsibility, poor business methods, and inadequate terms and conditions in their receipts have given these a low valuation as security and tended to high interest rates when they are used in ne- gotiating loans. Such conditions largely account for the fact that many farmers are opposed to holding their cotton. They have had to pay so dearly for storage and insurance, 399 . 400 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. and the receipts that have been given them in lieu of their cotton have had so little value as negotiable paper, that they are practically convinced that the storage of cotton does not pay. THREEFOLD FUNCTION OF THE WAREHOUSE. “An efficient system of warehousing has for its purpose the lending of every possible facility to aid in the free dis- tribution of merchandise and at the same time providing in the warehouse receipt a method of convenient and economic transfer of title to the stored goods; thus, the bulky goods are turned practically into a paper currency so that transfer of property may be made from one person to another with- out physical effort or motion and its consequent cost.” The functions of a warehouse in the marketing of the cot- ton crop are threefold: First, and perhaps the most im- portant, is distribution of the marketing period over a greater length of time; second, protection of the product during the period of conservation; and, third, the financing of the holding movement by providing a negotiable ware- house receipt, which may be used as security to negotiate loans, PRICE FLUCTUATIONS INFLUENCED BY THE SUPPLY. For a number of years past the low tide of prices in the cotton market has occurred usually during the four months of the heavy marketing period. Figure 26 illustrates this fact. The fluctuation of prices by months for middling up- land spot cotton in New York for a period of 25 seasons, from 1892-93 to 1916-17, and the “ American into sight ” movement for the same period are shown on this chart. Of the 25 cotton seasons shown, in 16 seasons the low average price actually occurred during September, October, Novem- ber, or December—the four months of heaviest marketing. Of the exceptions, in 5 seasons the low average price occurred in the month either immediately preceding or following this period, and in 2 it occurred in July. There are only two glaring exceptions to this usual course of events, one being 1 lrom an address delivered at an annual meeting of the American Ware- nhousemen’s|iAssociation, Adequate System of Cotton Warehousing. 401 the season of 1907-8, when the lowest price was reached in April, owing to the general business depression prevailing and the prospects of extremely favorable acreage and condi- tion reports preceding the heavy crop of 1908-9, which was the largest crop in history up to that time, and the season of 1900-01, when the low average price was reached in May. During the four months when the farmer usually is dis- posing of his product, the mere fact that he is unloading the great bulk of it upon the market in such a limited period of time may alone be sufficient cause for the price decline. After the greater part of the crop is out of the hands of the producer, usually the price advances. The farmer is apt to believe that this is a result of manipulation and that he is being discriminated against, when in reality the higher price is not necessarily the result of manipulation but prob- ably is the logical result of more efficient marketing methods. The new owners, realizing the value of heeding the laws of supply and demand, distribute their sales over a period of time more commensurate with the needs of the manufacturer and thus, in a large measure, control the price. THE COTTON WAREHOUSE STABILIZES PRICES. This condition of affairs has largely accounted for the fact that the facilities available for the storage of cotton here- tofore have been located largely in the cities and centers re- moved from the producing section and therefore have not been available to the producer except through factors and merchants. A great improvement is noticeable in these con- ditions, however, and in the last two or three years the cotton warehouse has become a factor creating a considerable influence on the primary markets. From a recent survey of the available storage facilities, it appears that there are at present very nearly sufficient warehouse capacities to house the entire average crop, and that these facilities are becoming more and more available to the producer.* PROTECTION THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE WAREHOUSE. Cotton, when properly protected from the elements, offers great resistance to deterioration. Compared with other 1 Nixon, R. L. Cotton warehouses: Storage facilities now available in the South. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bulletin 216, 1915, Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. 402 Sele | le ey a cl ae ee | a] aioe a ae iz ee oA NNNNNNNNAN NNNNTNNNNY ANANNY NNNNAT ANNAN ANUNNTNNANN ANNAN CNNUNN ANON ANNAAT ANUNNT AANNATNNNNE Lhe "=~ ANNNAVANNANTANNAN QUAN LNA BG 9 ER PSE Mac SS PRES | OR | (SIR [AR CRS ON CER WARES (EA (PRR TOI A F- a EY | IS ay SS | aes fee aio lead tt A al ale fe Pe. OP [reebok ede oe ioe 9A NNNNNUNNNANUNAANY ANNAN ANNA AUNNATNNUNT ANNAN NANA UNUNNY ANUNNN ANNUUUANNATANNANT NNNAATINNNNN ARNNNN ANNUND ANAND 82. ANT ANNAN TUNNNN ANARNT ES 971 “Au Se DER =a SSN ne DAS MRR CREPES a a(S JS I aE ay Io a (e: Be [ope ae et a] Abele eta de | le] oem ae eae ae Bec NNANNUNNNNNNNNNN ANNAN NURATANNNN NUNN ENNUNN AANNNT ANNUNY ANNNNT ANNNNT NNNUNTINNNNNTNNNAN INNUNN UNNNANANNNT ANNU NUD, cANNNN ANNNAT ANNAN ES Fv Ap Raa ISSO SA VO ER REP GS? SP al EY ONS NOR CR SS] a Fa 9 a ae eee eee See sore cccccsesgeetannce: % Loe BIW NY NNANNUNNAANNANAN ANNAN ANNAN ANAT NAAN ANNAN CANN ANAT NANT NNN NNN NUON ANNU NN ANNNNN ANNU ANNNAT ANNUM UUEES, ANNAN) ei see Reimer ties es ela ae kana wer 950 es T y Y e 420} ANNNAUNANAN (NNANN UNNANNANNANS ANNAN NANAN NANUN NANNN ANNAN ANNANT ANNAN NANA ANNAN NUNN CANAD ANNAN ANNNNN NNN NNUUES cA ANNAN ANY NS bint a fee eee Ye ee eee gd de fale foe ap R00 re A NNNNN NNNNNANNNNTNNNNNT ANNNNNNNNANNNNNANNANNANNUNEANNAN UNANN NUNN SUNANN ANNUNNANNUNN ANNAN ANNA NNNNN ANNA! AAU NNNN INNNNN ANNA ES ie eS Rae eae he Meee 9 a RR eR WS Se NS ERR SS CT LN ee Eee ee Se Ae oor BERR REE REI R ERB eeeeSt Me ae won “3 NNANN UANAANANNANTNANNN NNAAN ANNAN ANNAN ANNAN ANNANTNNANN NANAN ANNAN ANNNND ANNNATANNANT ANNAN NNNNN NNR UNNNNN ANNAN CRNNNN ANDES ANN (2 Bal cll lrhshsh elf shokololol lolcats NNN ANNAN ANIA ANA ANA AN A TT NYA NUON ANITA 420 \\ aoe Sara SRS SE EY ES Ee RS PS RS LAE STA eS Ea ee Bae eS PE eee A70r ee cer Pea hae bio lolol fd ae Som a er Be ie a 8 NN Psa NINN NINN NN NNANN NAAN ANAT ANNAN NAAN ANN NAN AUNT ANNE NNN NNN Dees NUNNTNNNAN NNN By — eee ee ee eee eee ee ee eee eee ee eee eS SS 1 sat Oe fe SNE RRR AR Mc et FR WSS SF (Made A FE “BY eh ee Fe a Beas f YB OR ese IREBEEA NNN. “SANNA H—-++—+-+ 15 3 QANVAN-ANN < WS NANUY VAAN (2s Me ees ANA: Ain = AACS oN WN i Bains ba me QS SEAN we NON 2 ea A Pa ee Ht | LL NUNNNIAN ST , as ee ee ee Aa SRGAE TEP eeRERERaS eee Nee [GEEE-8 UNNI DSSS SRUAAARALNTANNAN ROY F NCAA 20805 (905-06 (908TZ /9U~OB (90009 (90910 ni wi * into-sight ” movement lower curve shows the monthly * into-sight ” movement for the United States; levels for Middling Upland cotton as related to the 404 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. farm products, it is by far the least liable to “ damage” if given a reasonable amount of protection; yet it has been estimated that the annual loss to the South from so-called “country damage” is from $30,000,000 to $75,000,000. The most conservative of these amounts would pay the storage on the average crop of 14,000,000 bales for an entire year, figur- ing the monthly charge at 15 cents per bale, and still effect a saving of almost $5,000,000. If it be assumed that ap- proximately one-half of the crop suffers “ country damage,” the rapid movement of the remaining portion obviating such damage, it will be seen that to warehouse these 7,000,000 bales properly for 6 months would practically eliminate the dam- age loss. In this way, after paying the storage bill, over $23,000,000 would be saved from even the minimum estimated loss. These figures show that the use of the warehouse is justifiable if its only function were to protect the cotton from “country damage.” THE WAREHOUSE HELPS FINANCE THE COTTON GROWER. It is very probable that the third function of the ware- house, that of providing a means for financing the period of conservation, is, in most cases, the principal reason for stor- ing cotton; at least, it is reasonable to suppose that very little cotton would be stored and insured if it were not possible to negotiate loans by the use of the warehouse receipt as security. Bankers and business men generally regard cotton, when properly warehoused and insured and represented by negotiable warehouse receipts, as one of the highest types of collateral. The value of the receipt, however, depends largely upon the financial responsibility of the warehouse- man and the terms and conditions of the receipt. If any reason exists for doubt as to the responsibility of the ware- house, its general business policies, or the methods used in the issuance of receipts and the keeping of the warehouse records the value of the receipts is materially reduced. A standardized form of receipt uniformly used is the most desirable. A COOPERATIVE ORGANIZATION. It is believed that eventually the cotton growers will have to do one of two things if they are to be properly provided Adequate System of Cotton Warehousing. 405 with warehouse facilities. Either they will have to use the facilities provided in the large centers through factors and brokers or they will have to cooperate in building their own storages in their own communities. So long as the volume of business is as variable as the prevailing price for cotton, it will be almost impossible for the well-constructed and efficiently managed small-town warehouse to operate at a profit, while in the large centers, where the warehouses are assured of a reasonable return on their investment, there always will be adequate storage facilities. A practical way to provide storage facilities easily avail- able to the producer is to form farmers’ cooperative organiza- tions for building and operating warehouses. Where an organization of this nature is not feasible, another plan is to form incorporated stock companies, the majority of stock being sold to producers and the rest to bankers and mer- chants in the community. In this way all the parties in- terested in the marketing of the cotton are brought together, and the enterprise is benefited by their mutual interest. Ina warehouse of the latter type the question of money dividends on the investment must be of secondary importance, service to the community as a whole being the first consideration.* The manager should:employ a competent bookkeeper and a weigher and grader, although in a small business it may be possible for the manager himself to perform all the duties of these positions. In any event, he should be familiar with these departments of the business. It is often possible to avoid carrying laborers constantly on the pay roll by em- ploying them by the hour and dispensing with their services when the volume of business permits. The best policy, how- ever, is to have one man always available to assume charge of the “location book” and the placing and removing of the cotton, as his knowledge of the disposal of the bales will materially assist in handling them. 1The State law under which the organization is to be incorporated in- fluences the type and character of the organization. Some of the States have special laws providing for the formation of cooperative associations ; in other States cooperative associations are formed under general incorpora- tion laws. The State laws are far from uniform, and it is therefore im- portant to ascertain the requirements of the laws of the State in which the association is being incorporated in order that the by-laws may be drawn in accordance with the law. See Bassett, C. E., and Jesness, O. B. Cooperative Organization By-laws. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bulletin 541. 1918. , 9 406 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. COMBINED COMPRESSING AND WAREHOUSING. At compress points, it has proved entirely practicable to combine the warehousing and compressing facilities under one management, and this is strongly recommended. The two enterprises are so closely related that duplication of labor and expense may easily be avoided by combining them. ADVANTAGES OF LICENSED WAREHOUSES, The recently enacted United States warehouse Act pro- vides a system whereby warehousemen may become licensed by and bonded to the United States Government and op- erate their warehouses under Government supervision. The benefits to be derived from becoming licensed under this act are found largely in the added value given to the warehouse receipt. Receipts issued by licensed warehousemen have their integrity and uniformity insured, which fact makes them acceptable as security at distant points as well as in the community in which they are issued. This important feature is discussed in greater detail at the end of this article. LOCATION OF THE WAREHOUSE. Convenience of patrons and the business interests of the community, proximity to railroad connections and principal highways, suitability of the site of the warehouse, nearness of competitors, and volume of receipts at the point are the factors which fix the location of the warehouse. RATLROAD CONNECTIONS NEEDED. Railroad connection is a distinct advantage to the cotton warehouse, both in receiving and in delivering cotton. The field of its operations is broadened if the warehouse can receive cotton shipped by rail, and its patrons are benefited if it can deliver their cotton to railroads without further charges for drayage, ete. Where compress and warehouse are combined, railroad facilities are of the utmost importance, because the operations of such a plant require more cotton than the wagon receipts of the average town will provide; supplies must be obtained from the surrounding territory by rail or water. Adequate System of Cotton Warehousing. 407 A DRY SITE DESIRABLE. The locality having been selected, the next point to be decided is the site for the warehouse. A soil which does not retain moisture and is of a sandy or gravelly nature is the most desirable. If the natural drainage is not sufli- cient, artificial drainage should be provided, as it is very important that the warehouse be as dry as possible. The land surrounding the warehouse should also have a natural drainage and be free from depressions which will become bog holes under heavy traffic in wet weather. Areas used for un- loading and “lining out” cotton where platforms are not provided should be surfaced with gravel or brick to facilitate handling and afford protection to the cotton. The site selected should be convenient to the principal highways. Where the producing territory surrounds the town, the warehouse should be near the center of the business section, to obviate cross-town hauls for some of its patrons. This arrangement is advantageous also in that it makes the merchants and bankers easily accessible to the farmer after disposing of his cotton, and the cotton buyers are enabled to keep in close touch with the arriving cotton. It usually is advisable to locate the warehouse in close proximity to competitors. Bad weather conditions likely to prevail dur- ing the period of marketing make the need of good roads imperative, and when the warehouse is not located directly on the principal highways, it is advisable to provide good road connections from the warehouse to these highways. One of the decidedly bad features of the cotton warehouse situation at present is the fact that there are too many warehouses, especially in the smaller towns. Receipts sufli- cient to permit one well-equipped warehouse to operate with a reasonable profit are divided among a number of poorly constructed, poorly equipped, and inefficiently managed con- cerns. As a result, none of them succeeds and the quality of the service is materially reduced. Suflicient capacity is desir- able in any community, but usually when this capacity is concentrated in one organization the community is benefited to a greater extent than when the business is divided into small portions. For this reason, where there are already several warehouses in the community usually it is the better 408 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. plan for the prospective warehouseman to buy and improve one of the establishments, rather than to construct a new house in addition to those already in operation. WAREHOUSE CONSTRUCTION AND FIRE PROTECTION. The kind of construction adopted for the warehouse should be governed by local conditions, but very thoughtful con- sideration also should be given to fire hazard. Very few of the existing warehouses are built with proper regard to the combined effect of arrangement, construction, and insurance requirements. Reports received recently from 1,768 ware- house plants showed that 57 per cent were built of wood or of wood and corrugated iron. This fact, combined with inadequate fire protection, explains many very high insur- ance rates. . Factors that influence the design of the buildings are the volume and character of the business, the layout of the plant (the arrangement of buildings, platforms, driveways, and railway sidings), the handling methods to be employed, the type of construction, and the cost of construction in relation to fire hazard and resulting insurance rates. The number of stories and their height are influenced by the methods of storing and handling to be used and the type of construction adopted. Usually the single-story ware- house is desirable, regardless of the type of construction, and the story height should be such as to permit of tiering bales two high on end, or the equivalent in other methods of arrangement, during the rush season, The generally recognized classes of warehouse construction are fire-resistive, slow-burning, wood-end, and iron-clad. The ordinary frame construction may be permissible in iso- lated cases. FIRE-RESISTIVE CONSTRUCTION, The fire-resistive — sometimes called “ fireproof ” — con- struction is desirable where cost and revenue permit its use. In many cases it will be found the most economical construc- tion. The best fire-resistive construction for the cotton warehouse is either reinforced concrete throughout or a com- bination of reinforced concrete floors and brick division Adequate System of Cotton Warehousing. 409 walls. Exterior walls may be of brick or clay tile, and in some cases clay tile may be used advantageously in combina- tion with reinforced concrete for the roof. As a substitute for brick exterior walls, clay hollow tile may be used where the tile shows a material saving over brick, provided there is no detriment to insurance rates. SLOW-BURNING CONSTRUCTION. Slow-burning construction is characterized by heavy in- terior timbers in combination with masonry walls, with no concealed spaces such as occur in ordinary construction. The timber used.for beams and columns should have a mini- mum sectional area of 64 square inches, and a least dimension of 8 inches for columns and 6 inches for beams. Floor plank- ing should have a rough thickness of not less than 3 inches and roof planking of 24 inches, both being splined or tongued and grooved. ‘The arrangement of all framing should be such that in case of fire any timber could be burned in two and fall without damage to the supporting wall or column. Wall and column supports for timbers are illustrated by figures 27 and 28. Division fire walls for slow-burning construction ware- houses should extend through and 3 feet above the roof. This extension or parapet should be 12 inches thick. Where the exterior walls are not parapeted, the division wall parapet should be continued through the overhanging cornice and beyond it 18 inches in order to effect a complete fire break. WOOD-END CONSTRUCTION, The wood-end warehouse is of the slow-burning design, except that the end walls of the compartments are of light frame construction consisting of 2 by 4 inch studding boarded with lapped siding in order to be spark-proof, and the division fire walls are extended 3 feet beyond the board end wall and terminate within a paved section of the plat- form if it is of wood, as shown in figure 29. Another form of break, and one preferred by some insurance companies, is that illustrated in figure 30, which shows the wall built in the form of the letter T with the portion of the platform 410 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. adjacent to it paved, and with dwarf-walls inclosing the fill under the pavement in case the platform is wooden. This Parapet 12° thi Wall thickness 03 rewired by height of story énd length ot wall / Vic. 27.—Timbers supported by pilasters, corbels, or offsets and self-releasing. Note the buttress (in the foreground) used for bracing long walls. T should be 12 inches thick and at least 6 feet long, or as required by the insurance companies. F'undamental features of the wood-end design are a low story height, a limit in Adequate System of Cotton Warehousing. 411 storage capacity of 600 bales per compartment, with all bales stored on end one deep, and adequate fire protection. NOTE: Plonking and framing shovld be proportioned to the loads required and stresses allowed for the material vsed, but should not in any cose fall below the minum of e 24° for Roof Plank and 3° for Floor Plank thickness; 6” _ breadth of beam; 8° for least dimension of post and < bolster, except that wall See 6x %y Post ond beams beveled to secure direct bearing over post MAB Bolster secured . ZejP to bears by 4x7" AKA Jag screw and to lower post by” Spikes. Cast irop plate~ on masonry” we ier ~ By ae Eee t- Fig, 28.—An economical method of framing posts and timbers. IRONCLAD CONSTRUCTION. The type of construction commonly known as “ ironclad,” or the warehouse built of a light wood frame covered with sheet iron, fulfills its greatest usefulness for isolated small 98911°—ypK 1918——-30 412 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. warehouses and is used largely on account of the economy with which it can be constructed. This construction js satis- Coping of suitable material such as j bie Concrete or Terra Cotta = Roof Planh shovld be : splined or tongue ond = - grooved. WH 4/], RW WY door so os te prevent entrance of sparks. ANS AS SSS A LZ OMAN Y? lip AA r- NOT. E:Plonk floor of platform is: shown only to illustrate “break. Concrete is best. Fic. 29.—Division fire wall arranged as an economical fire stop. factory from the standpoint of shelter to the stored cotton and is practically proof against exposure to sparks. How- ever, the thin metal affords little protection to the framing Adequate System of Cotton Warehousing. 413 against heat in case of exposure to fire, and the buildings therefore should be not less than 100 feet apart. The chief objection to the ironclad building is that in case of fire the supporting framework is very quickly destroyed \ tt H Se - _ Roofing of non-inflamm “> compbsition on roof Paved section of plotform provides break in wood platform —= = —— SSS Wall thickness os required by height and length\’ Paropet 12° thick. Floor on earth °— ” preferred. 3 gil coy ee ae (i Dts I i } vi HI » « R Hi I" Fic. 30.—Method of forming fire stop by division fire wall without obstruction to platforms. and the hot metal sheets fall upon the cotton, preventing the application of water. The salvage from such fires is very small. In some climates the ironclad warehouse has a spe- cial disadvantage for cotton storage because the sheet-iron 414 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. covering is largely responsible for great heat, causing ex- cessive drying out and loss in weight. This, however, is not always the case, as the condition of the cotton when de- posited, local climatic conditions, and the period of the year during which the warehouse is used for cotton storage are also influencing factors. FIRE WALLS, PLATFORMS, AND DOORS. Fire walls for warehouses of any design should be of suf- ficient thickness to withstand the action of fire and secure favorable recognition from insurance associations. As these requirements vary, no specific thickness for the wall is stated here. Fire walls of unusual height should be stiffened by pilasters, and walls exceeding 100 feet in length should be braced by buttresses (fig. 27), usually spaced not exceeding 100 feet apart. With the exception of reinforced concrete, hard brick laid in cement or lime-cement mortar is the best material for a fire wall. Reinforced concrete fire walls may be less in thickness than brick walls, the usual allowance be- ing 4 inches. . Platforms should be arranged so as to offer resistance to the spread of fires, and should be so constructed as to facili- tate easy trucking. It usually will be economical to make the platform of concrete pavement for the first floor and of reinforced concrete for additional floors. If platforms are wooden they should be separated by a paved area at fire breaks (figs. 29 and 30). Doors for exterior walls should be spark-proof and, if in exposed masonry walls or in a fire-resistive building, should be covered with tin or made of metal. Doors should not be used in division fire walls unless absolutely necessary, and then should be constructed so as to offer the best resist- ance to fire. They should be arranged to close by their own weight when automatically released by means of a fusible link or approved mechanical device sensitive to a rise of temperature; or they should be self-closing—that is, ar- ranged always to close by gravity, except when held open. The sliding door is most desirable for practically all ware- house uses. In most cases a compartment should have in each end wall as many as two doors of a minimum width of 6 feet or preferably 7 feet. Adequate System of Cotton Warehousing. 415 EQUIPMENT FOR FIRE PROTECTION. Protection of the warehouse and the cotton from fire renders the best construction and equipment desirable. Me- chanical protection has been highly developed. Recognized means of preventing and controlling fires are watchman service, water barrels and buckets, chemical extinguishers, yard-hydrant equipment, and automatic-sprinkler systems. These items not only safeguard the plant but secure such recognition from insurance companies in the form of re- duced rates as makes the investment a monetary saving. Watchman service supplies very important protection where the watchmen are able-bodied men, alert to their duties. The value of the service is much greater where the modern central-station equipment is in use. Some saving of insurance is gained by this service. Water barrels and buckets kept filled and available near the doors are of the greatest importance. The insurance requirements vary somewhat regarding the number and loca- tion of these, and the warehouseman should acquaint him- self with the standards applicable to his plant. Chemical extinguishers are desirable, although the insurance standards vary as to requiring their use. Yard hydrant piping should be provided, if possible. The system should be fed by an adequate and constantly available supply of water under sufficient pressure, the gravity tank or city main connection being desirable. Funda- mental requirements are mains of ample size, in no case less than 6 inches; suitably located hydrants, frost-proof and sufficient in number; and necessary hose and equipment. The sprinkler system as a means of protection against cotton fires can not be recommended too highly. It con- sists of a series of “nozzles” or “heads” suspended below the ceiling and connected to a water-pipe supply system. The head is constructed so as to be water-tight normally and to open automatically and serve as a spray nozzle when the temperature is raised above 165 degrees F. This gives the effect of a blanket spray of water, which extinguishes the fire before it has gained headway. Fire-protective equipment should be installed with due regard to the standard requirements of the insurance com- 416 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. panies for the particular territory, as these frequently can be met without material increase in the cost of the installa- tion. As these requirements vary in different parts of the country they are not stated more specifically here. The effect of fire-protective equipment and construction on the cost of insurance to the warehouse is enormous. This was shown by a survey of cotton warehouses in the South. Out of 1,768 plants only 133 had sprinkler equipment. Warehouses of fire-resistive construction, equipped with automatic sprinklers, paid an average insurance rate of 36 cents per $100 value per annum on contents, while the non- fire-resistive and nonsprinklered plants paid an average of $2.43. Furthermore, there are cotton warehouses of mod- erate cost which, by proper construction and fire protection, secure an insurance rate so low as to be an almost negligible item of expense. CAREFUL SAMPLING, WEIGHING, AND GRADING OF COTTON ESSENTIAL. Possibly the most important of the services rendered by the warehouseman, next to the actual care and protection given, are the weighing and classifying of the cotton. Accu- racy in these details will insure the confidence of the persons coming into possession of the receipts, so that they may be transferred readily. The class of the cotton should be ascertained by the use of representative samples drawn from the bale. Poor ginning methods, customary especially at the public gins, are largely responsible for the great quantities of mixed-packed or plated bales. Wagonloads of seed cotton, each probably containing a bale of different quality, coming from different sections, follow each other under the suction pipe. The “rolls” in the gins are not run out between the bales, and as a result each bale has a plate, varying in thickness with the size of the plant, composed of cotton from the preceding bale. There is every possibility that the quality of the two bales will be dissimilar. The practice now in effect is to classify the bale according to its lowest side, and the ginning method above mentioned has without doubt caused great losses to the pro- ducer. Samples from bales showing mixed grades or staple Adequate System of Cotton Warehousing. 417 ' always should be drawn from a sufficient depth to be fairly representative of the bale. From 2 to 4 ounces of cotton should be drawn from each side of the bale. A curved cut into the bagging between the bands will permit of greater ease in drawing the samples, and if this cut is made properly, the lap of bagging will fall back over the cut and protect the exposed cotton to some extent. In some sections it is customary to take an addi- tional sample from the head of the bale and in others an auger is used with which a sample may be drawn from the interior of the bale. The practice of retaining a sample to be filed in the nu- merical order of the tag number identifying the bale is to be recommended. When properly wrapped and numbered, these samples may be referred to at any time without the neces- sity of locating and resampling the bale after it is placed in the compartment. Racks may be constructed wherein the samples may be filed in the numerical order of their tag num- bers. (Figs. 31 and 32.) Practical forms of the official cotton standards of the United States are available and may be procured from the United States Department of Agriculture at a reasonable cost. The distribution of these forms has done much toward spreading the knowledge of the grading of cotton. By com- paring the sample in question with these standards it is not difficult ordinarily to determine the grade. In a short time, frequent reference to the standards becomes unnecessary, as the person grows familiar with the characteristics of the various grades." It has been said that the weight of a bale of cotton can not be determined with absolute accuracy. Theoretically, this is not true, but in practice a variation in weight is almost inevitable. Moisture either will: be absorbed into the bale, or that which is in the bale will dry out, so that a variation of from 3 to 5 pounds is considered legitimate in the trade. By far the most popular equipment for. weigh- ing cotton in bales is the scale beam and poise supported by the scale frame. On account of its portability, this equip- ment is still to be recommended for average purposes, 1See Earle, D. B., and Taylor, F. Classification of American Upland Cotton. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Farmers’ Bulletin 802. 1916. 418 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. although the use of the dial platform scale is growing. Greater rapidity and accuracy in weighing with a minimum of labor involved makes this latter type of weighing equip- CAUTION: ALied IS NOT A COMPLETE WORKING PLAN. id be odopted and amplified by detailed drawings ond pete sopplied by on engineer. oT oes SY G Y) BS EEDEZEZZ_EZEEZE. yy LLL _ VL LLL «= Ulf ® dd || tndlined | amp Faas F \ eee se ae FLOOR PLAN ¥ urs"i proct ventilotors I NORTH ELEVATION Fic. 31.—Plan and north elevation for a convenient office and classing room, with racks for filing samples. ment preferable where it is not necessary to move the scales about from place to place. A simple locking device makes the platform rigid and takes the strain off the delicate Adequate System of Cotton Warehousing. 419 weighing mechanism while the bale is being rolled on and off the scale by trucks, bale and truck usually being weighed together. In this case either the scale is balanced to deduct qoalt : ll SUAUUYOONNOELAUGONOUUNGTOL | 4 : SEM.QSS CS | es | SE Sane ears Aven SOE STR hom ae Sree Floors of cement, composition of, wed ev tor-conanche, iG: WW "5o»op'éF=érF@Z AU eh. NN C == EEG : REAR ELEVATION Fic. 32.—Other drawings of the plan shown in figure 31. the truck weight, or this weight is deducted in reading the scale. The purchase of cheap equipment for weighing cotton is to be discouraged. Only the best make of scale beams which 420 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. may be depended upon for extreme accuracy of balance and quickness of “break” should be used. Frequent tests by comparison with other equipment, or by the use of United States standard test weights, should be made to insure accuracy. The best of care should be taken of the beam so as to keep it free from rust, which will quickly affect the knives and destroy its accuracy. WET AND DAMAGED COTTON TO BE CONDITIONED BEFORE STORAGE. Cotton that is excessively wet or that has become dam- aged through exposure to weather conditions or by fire should not be brought into the warehouse and handled on the same basis as ordinary cotton in good condition. It is entirely unsafe for a warehouseman to attempt to estimate the amount of moisture or damage, especially where he is to guarantee the weight as stated by him on the warehouse re- ceipts. Since a statement of weight under these conditions is largely guesswork, the practice is almost certain to operate against the interest of either the warehouseman or his patron. Wet cotton should be thoroughly dried by exposure to the sun and air before being placed in the warehouse compart- ment. This is especially necessary when the bales are stacked or tiered, as damage to the fiber, with ultimate de- composition, is likely to result if the bales are placed in close contact, where there can be no circulation of air in and around the mass. If it is necessary that bales of cotton in this condition be taken into the warehouse, they should be placed on end on “ dunnage” so as to be elevated above the floor, and should be spaced not less than 3 inches apart so as to allow a free circulation of air. Where it is practicable to allow the cotton to dry by exposure to the sun before being placed in storage, it is advisable to pull the heads or ends of the bagging from beneath the end ties, and in extreme cases, to remove or loosen these ties. The bales should be turned from time to time so that all surfaces may be ex- posed to the sun. The safest policy for the warehouseman to pursue with regard to cotton that has become damaged through exposure Adequate System of Cotton Warehousing. 421 to the weather or other causes is to require that it be properly conditioned before he accepts it for storage. It is almost impossible to ascertain the extent of the penetration of rot by mere inspection of the exterior of the bale. This is especially true of a bale that is “ water packed,” that is, where, during the baling process, water has been introduced into the bale, with or without intent, from leakage in the steam packer or other means. Only a very small spot of damaged cotton may appear upon the surface, yet investigation may disclose that a large part of the interior of the bale is rotten. Processes for removal of the damaged portion of bales are varied and range from the use of steel brushes which may be used to clean off purely surface damage, to extreme measures where it is necessary to remove the bagging and ties from the bale in order to have access to the damaged portions. By removing one or two ties at a time, picking away the damaged parts and replacing these ties before others are loosened, it is possible to keep the bale fairly compact, even when the ties are replaced by hand. In ex- treme cases, where a major portion of the bale is removed or where the conditioned bale is so soft as to make handling difficult, it is advisable to open the bale, which may then be incorporated with another of similar grade if necessary, and rebaled in a gin press box. Bales of cotton that have been damaged by fire should be cautiously handled by warehousemen. Fire-damaged bales should be isolated from other bales in the warehouse and, if possible, should not be accepted for storage until the dam- aged parts have been removed and all danger of smoldering fire has disappeared. If practicable, even after fire-dam- aged cotton has been conditioned, it should be kept in a separate compartment from other cotton, and certainly not in contact with cotton that has not been so damaged. Con- ditioned, fire-damaged bales are usually penalized by the manufacturers, and these bales are difficult to detect except by the odor of burned cotton which permeates them. Bales of normal cotton placed in contact with these bales or even in the same compartment are véry likely to absorb this odor, which may result in their being penalized as burned bales. In conditioning burned bales, the same methods may be em- ployed as in the case of weather-damaged bales. Care 422 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. should be taken, however, to see that the fire-damaged cot- ton is picked clean from the remainder of the bale. It 1s usually necessary to use the press box in reconditioning fire- damaged cotton, as new bagging and ties are advisable, and it is often possible to pick away the burned portion to the best advantage while the bale is open in the press box. DEVICES THAT FACILITATE COTTON HANDLING. The type of handling equipment which may be useful in the warehouse plant depends on the layout of the warehouse, the volume of the business, and the handling methods em- ployed. The subject may be considered from the standpoint of transporting equipment, hoisting machinery, and tiering or piling devices. The kind of power available may limit the equipment employed. When cotton bales are to be moved very short distances, the ordinary two-wheeled truck is the best device; but where the distances are considerable, as they usually are at a com- press plant, the flat truck or a train of such trucks driven by an electric storage-battery tractor frequently is desirable. In other cases, an overhead trolley system has been used very satisfactorily. This arrangement consists of an overhead track supporting small independent trolley carriers designed for conveying a single bale of cotton by means of cotton hooks. With a proper track arrangement, this system is very flexible and efficient. The track should be carefully graded, and in many cases the bales may be moved entirely by gravity, while in other cases a mule may be used for draw- ing or pushing a long line of bales. For elevating cotton, both power-driven whip hoists and elevators are used. Where flat truck loads of cotton are raised and lowered, the elevator is desirable, except in cases where the power trucks may be used on inclined platforms. Where cotton is handled as individual bales, the power hoist is preferable. Another method in use provides an inclined runway in the center of which is a traveling chain or cable provided with hooks so arranged as to engage the axle of the ordinary two-wheeled truck and draw it up the incline. For lowering cotton from one floor to another, the most satisfactory method in many cases is to slide it down a chute Adequate System of Cotton Warehousing. 423 consisting of a simple incline provided with two steel-shod skids and side pieces to serve as guides. Where the ware- house is more than three stories in height, the standard steel spiral chutes are more compact and serviceable. There are several machines on the market for tiering or piling cotton. Some of these consist of a small portable elevating platform which may be operated by hand or power, while in others the endless belt principle is used. Ware- housemen hold varying opinions as to the actual economies effected by the use of these machines. No doubt their real usefulness is influenced by local conditions. INSURANCE METHODS. The relation of the cost of insurance to warehousing is very important. The location, surroundings, construction features, and equipment of the warehouse all have immediate bearing upon the insurance rate that applies on contents stored in the warehouse. Excessive cost of insurance is the rule rather than the exception among the warehouses now in operation, especially in those storing for the producer, and this fact is largely responsible for the laxity of the producer in taking advantage of available storage facilities. The methods of insuring cotton in warehouses vary greatly. Usually the more satisfactory arrangement is for the ware- houseman to carry the insurance for his patrons by means of “ blanket”. policies, paying the premiums on these policies and collecting from the patron by means of regular monthly charges. In this way the warehouseman assumes, in his con- tract with the depositor, full responsibility for protection of the depositor against loss or damage by fire while the cotton is in his possession, a clause to the effect that the cotton is covered by insurance being inserted in the receipt. The assumption of this responsibility, however, is subject to the owner’s preference in the matter, as buyers or dealers often desire to insure their cotton under their own policies. There are a great many advantages in the arrangement of having all insurance matters handled by the warehouseman for his patrons; not the least of these is economy to the depositor. He is relieved from the necessity of obtaining from the in- surance company specific policies coverning small lots as they 424 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. are hauled to the warehouse. He is not obliged to name a, specific period for which these policies are to run, nor attend to the cancellation or renewal of them as this period varies. In case of a fire loss the depositor is relieved from adjust- ments of claims, which may be more expeditiously handled by the warehouseman on the entire lot of cotton affected. “ Blanket ” policies which cover cotton owned or held in trust by warehousemen in specified locations almost always contain what is known as a “ coinsurance clause,” the mean- ing of which it is very important that the warehouseman understand fully. A common wording of this clause, as contained in many policies, is as follows: In consideration of the rate at and [or] form under which this policy is written, it is expressly stipulated and made a condition of this contract that this company shall be held liable for no greater proportion of any loss than the amount hereby insured bears to 100 per cent of the actual cash value of the property described herein at the time when such loss shall happen; but if the total insurance upon such property exceeds 100 per cent at the time of such loss then this company shall only be liable for the proportion which the sum hereby insured bears to such total insurance. This means that the assured must maintain insurance on the cotton covered by the policy, in an amount equal to its cash value. Failing to do so he becomes the insurer to the extent of the deficit and must bear his proportion of any loss that may occur, the company being responsible only for such proportion of the loss as the amount of the policy bears to the actual cash value of the cotton at the time of the fire. In case the total insurance on the cotton exceeds the cash value the company will be responsible only for the amount of the loss. In other words, if a warehouseman is carrying but $50,000 worth of insurance on $100,000 worth of cotton stored in his warehouse and has a fire loss of $100, he can col- lect only one-half of the total loss, or $50, while if he carries $150,000 worth of insurance on $100,000 worth of cotton stored in his warehouse and has a loss of $100,000, he will be able to collect only the amount of his loss. A practical manner for the warehouseman to arrange for insurance on stored cotton is to cover the value of the cotton by various policies ranging in amount from one to ten Adequate System of Cotton Warehousing. 425 thousand dollars, and having the periods of time during which they are effective range from 3 months to 1 year. As the stock increases in value, additional policies may be taken, or if it becomes necessary to reduce the insurance, the re- duction may be made by canceling one or more of the small- denomination short-term policies and collecting the amount of unearned premium from the insurance company. The value to the warehouseman of an accurate set of records is accentuated in the event of a fire loss, especially when every means of identification of the cotton is destroyed, and the only practical method of determining the value and identity of the burned cotton is to check off on the records the bales remaining unharmed and to assume that the re- mainder were burned. Insurance policies of the “ blanket” type have very strict requirements in this connection. The assured is required to agree to keep a set of books showing a complete daily record of all cotton handled, which record must include the date on which each bale covered by the policy was received, from whom it was received, in what warehouse stored, together with the original tag number or mark of each bale, and its weight and classification, a com- plete daily record of all deliveries out of the warehouse, and a complete record of all removals from one location covered by the policy to any other location, whether covered or not. Failure to comply with these conditions may result in a nullification of the policy. In charging a flat monthly rate for insurance, the ware- houseman necessarily estimates the average length of time cotton remains in storage and apportions the cost of insur- ance to this period, thus arriving at the monthly charge. The injustice of this arrangement is apparent. If the cot- ton remains in storage less than the average time, the ware- houseman is the loser on account of the increased cost of short-term insurance, while if it remains longer than the average time, the advantage is with the warehouseman. The short-rate table on page 426, which shows the percentage of the annual premium for one-year policies earned in varying periods of days, may be of assistance to warehousemen in determining their charges for insurance. 426 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. Short-rate table for one-year policies. [Percentage of the annual premium for number of days.] ] { Days. | Percent.|| Days. | Percent. | Days. Percent. 1 2 18 16 105 45 2 4 19 16 120 50 3 5 20 17 135 55 4 6 25 19 150 60 5 7 30 20 165 65 6 8 35 23 180 70 7 9 40 25 195 7. 8 9 45 27 210 4 9 10 50 28 225 78 10 10 55 29 240 80 1l 11 60 30 255 83 12 il 65 33 270 85 13 12 7 35 285 88 14 13 75 37 300 90 15 13 80 38 315 93 16 14 85 39 330 95 17 15 90 40 360 100 A GOOD SYSTEM OF WAREHOUSE ACCOUNTS ESSENTIAL TO ADEQUATE SERVICE. The efficiency of the warehouse depends in a very large degree upon the method used in keeping accounts. The system of accounting should be simple in order to promote accuracy without sacrificing rapidity in handling. It should be comprehensive enough to embody the necessary data, and its plan should be such that these data may be immediately available. Information may be needed with regard to a certain lot of cotton, a certain outstanding receipt, a specific bale in a remote corner of the warehouse, or the exact num- ber of bales a certain patron may have in storage. The records should be such that any one or all of these inquiries may be answered immediately. The forms should be inter- locking so that if one fact is known full particulars may be obtained by a reference to that fact. A system that has been found satisfactory, and which is described fully in a publication of the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture,’ includes the following forms: (1) The consecutively marked tag; (2) the certificate of inspection; (3) the warehouse receipts; (4) the consecutive tag record; (5) the individual account record; (6) the location book; (7) the out-turn order; (8) the daily report; (9) the cash journal; (10) the cash disbursement ticket; (11) the cash ‘Newton, R. L., and Humphrey, J. R. A System of Accounts for Cotton Warehouses. U. 8. Department of Agriculture Bulletin 520, 1917. Adequate System of Cotton Warehousing. 427 receipt ticket; (12) the sale ticket. Printer’s copies of all these forms may be secured from the Bureau of Markets, United States Department of Agriculture. THE WAREHOUSE RECEIPT UNDER THE UNITED STATES WAREHOUSE ACT. The thing above all others of vital interest to the ware- houseman, as well as to the depositor of cotton in the ware- house, is the value of the receipt which is given in lieu of the stored goods. This receipt is the guarantee of the ware- houseman that he holds in trust and will deliver upon de- mand the goods represented by it, and it represents to the depositor the value of the stored product. Three important factors control the value of the warehouse receipt: First, the known integrity and financial responsibility of the is- suer; second, the desirability and accuracy of its terms and the description of the stored goods contained in it; and, third, its uniformity. Bankers regard cotton as a collateral of the highest order when it is properly warehoused, insured, and made liquid and easily handled through warehouse receipts showing ac- curate grade and weights. A form of security that has be- come standardized and uniform is the most desirable as a security, and transactions involving the use of a security of this nature always command the lowest rates of interest. The outbreak of the European war emphasized the fact that the machinery for marketing cotton then in use was in- efficient and unjust to the producer. There was no adequate method by which to finance conservation, and with the withdrawal of the market, prices collapsed, creating a near panic and causing great losses to the producer. The United States Warehouse Act was a recognition by the Government that the most serious weaknesses in the existing system of cotton marketing were: (1) a lack of adequate storage fa- cilities properly distributed; (2) a lack of proper control and regulation of the existing facilities; (3) an absence of uniformity in the methods of warehousing and in the form of receipts issued; (4) an absence of the proper relationship between the producers and the extenders of credit. The Act is designed to create a system of licensed and bonded warehouses, issuing uniform receipts, and regulated 98911°—yrKk 1918——31 428 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. by Government supervision and inspection. It is expected that, in the receipts issued by these warehouses, a security of unquestionable value will be created, which will be of definite assistance in financing and which will flow at once into the general system of securities and become liquid at any time in the security markets. By the terms of the United States Warehouse Act the Sec- retary of Agriculture is authorized (1) upon application to him to issue to any warehouseman a license for the conduct of a warehouse or warehouses for the storage of agricultural products in accordance with this Act and the regulations thereunder, and the term “agricultural product” wherever used in the Act is deemed to mean cotton, grains, flaxseed, tobacco, and wool, or any of them; (2) to inspect ware- houses licensed or applying for license under the Act; (3) to prescribe the duties of persons licensed under the Act; (4) to make general warehousing investigations; (5) to license competent persons to weigh and classify agricultural products stored or to be stored in warehouses licensed under the Act; (6) to establish and promulgate standards by which agricul- tural products are to be classified where such standards are not already established under authority of Federal law; (7) under certain conditions, to cancel or revoke licenses issued under the Act; and (8) to exercise general supervision over warehousemen and weighers and classifiers licensed under the Act. In order to become licensed, the Act provides that the warehouse must be found a suitable place for the proper storage of the product; that the warehouseman must agree to abide by the Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; and that he must execute and file with the Secre- tary of Agriculture a good and sufficient bond other than personal security to guarantee the faithful performance of his obligations as a warehouseman under the laws of the State in which he is conducting such warehouse as well as under the terms of the Act and the regulations thereunder, and such additional obligations as may be assumed under contracts with the depositor. The terms and the conditions of the receipt as required by the Act and the rules and regulations are designed to safe- guard the interests of both the warehouseman and the de- positor. In addition to the terms required by section 18 of Adequate System of Cotton Warehousing. 429 the Act, which are substantially the same as the requirements for receipts under the Uniform Warehouse Receipts Act, the rules and regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture * for cotton warehouses require the following provisions in every receipt (figs. 33 and 34) : (1) The name of the licensed warehouseman and the desig- nation, if any, of the warehouse; (2) the license number of the warehouse; (3) the date of expiration of the warehouse- man’s license; (4) the class of the warehouse (as designated by the Secretary) ; (5) a statement whether the warehouse- man is incorporated or unincorporated, and, if incorporated, ‘ under what laws and the amount of the paid-in capital stock; (6) the tag number given to each bale of cotton; (7) the amount of the warehouseman’s bond; (8) a statement conspicuously placed whether or not the cotton is insured, and, if insured, to what extent, by the warehouseman against loss or damage by fire and lightning; (9) a blank space desig- nated for the purpose in which the length of staple may be stated; (10) the words “ Negotiable,” “ Nonnegotiable” or “Not negotiable,” according to the nature of the receipt clearly and conspicuously printed or stamped thereon; (11) a speci- fication of the period, not exceeding one year, for which the cotton is accepted for storage under the Act and the regu- lations. (The regulations provide in this connection that upon demand and the return of the old receipt by the holder thereof, at or before the expiration of the specified period, the warehouseman shall, within certain limitations, either 1s- sue a new receipt, or extend the old one by making a suitable notation thereon. ) If the receipt be negotiable, the following conditions are required in addition: (12) If the cotton covered by the re- ceipt was classified by a licensed classifier or weighed by a licensed weigher, a statement to that effect; (13) if the licensed warehouseman guarantees the weight and class in accordance with paragraph 2 of section 2 of regulation 4 of the regulations, a statement of such guarantee; and (14) a form of indorsement which may be used by the depositor, or his authorized agent, for showing the ownership of, and 1 Regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture under the United States Ware- house Act of August 11, 1916. Regulations for Cotton Warehouses. U. 8. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Secretary, Circular 94. 1918. Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. liens, mortgages, or other incumbrances on the cotton covered by the receipt. 430 “€E “SIT “SOWWIS POUL] OY) JO HPABpUTAE 404309 [BIOYJO 94} 07 Surpacoov apway, an ie e © 0} “eu! vst ‘Oye B eoq eyL] enp sons iu aouvApe ‘saZ.ie ‘ aq} pue pessopur a he ydieoea sty} yo ukuyor = G) UNUresNoYyorem pomUeo'T yy [" = osnom By dyookl jo oyep mors oFEiNS *SAOT[OF SE “paransuy 6913;11G}| PUY ‘epwu Lo7109/Pi we uo Ud}] B sUI;BID [°0D eNMlogerE AA GOT) OL MAoid eB ("0D osNoyere My Gog S41} Jo uoMdo oy] 78 ‘pense; ydjaser Aup ayy witay rim (4824 Quo) OF aFus0j8 20; paydedse #} uoz09 preg Le P 40 S80] JSAsETE |"OD ssnoysse MA GO EYL] Aq pernsuy AI/Nz &1 107709 pres “SUOE/NZar pres Jo p Toren Bor J woRces 7 Yduisered uy pepjsoid su poojuerend ose pur 49 PIF® Apu posuas[ s9ys}oM pues AayEsE[D w Aq PoUlULIaIOp arom {YySIaM PUB UONPOYless]> pres hnéanscebonstanansnpsscousapungugnevssaatteesn ovttonves fPatncaistsveshcsit aude estosarsi ptrearnesenevesenn he ENERO eet eee 3 {487g HH tee ee renee omnes enn maseneeeGeneteresassereseaeeennans ss seh de ennen ‘« apein: or rr irtt ttt -qysiay At eeeseeernee seen eee eer eens ‘syle RnR eRe ee eee e aren eens “ON ZeL ‘199B1}U09 8149 JO SULIG} 94} pue ‘1epuNezey} sesnoysIEA U0}}00 JOJ suoIE[Ndar oy} ‘JOY esNoyoiRA 89787g pazIUA 98yy 07 qoefqne ‘panssi st ydta.e1 sm rns any t 84S UMOL, J ut [09 PanOWe AA 30g ou) Ul pal0j}s ‘MOlaq PeqlIosep U0}}09 Jo eTeq auO [ aqep dmeis j uo” puseins “yo SPOONER ORR EEC Ee ENTER ORSEES SOSA SEE SEE ESSE ESSSESOESESESHSEH SEES OEE ESGS SESS S SOSSEOSeH Sener wor 238.1018 10} Pearsooy [ ajepdmejg ] [97835 maoyz) NOLLOO 40 FIVE ANO HOd LdIGOTY ASHOHAYVM aVLL (ZLVd dWVLS) Sauladxa ge de [LNQOWV]$ GNOd 40 LNAOWV [v] ssv10 (439RKON) “ON SSNROMI LOV ASNOHAYVA ‘SN AHL YAGNN GAGNOd GNV GASNAOTI {LNNOWW]$ HOOLS IWLidwo NI Give [ 3LViS ] 40 SMW1 3HL YSGNN GaLVHOdHOON! oe teneoy saa [00 ASNOHAYVA FOd AHL! 007302 9 °ON taro “y “Ay ch points ” cifically cover su , the regulations spe dure in case of issuance of duplicate receipts In addition to the requirements as to the terms and condi- tions of receipts as the proce Adequate System of Cotton Warehousing. 431 where the original is lost or destroyed, partial delivery, the return and cancellation of receipts prior to delivery of cotton, and the statement of grade and weight on the receipt. Means INDORSEMENTS. Seo npensvsessasséadastacstaraascancesspocsedensennedovucseancsa7eaneseansconasauessic Bab spew ncuapausens«s0peceen- reese io cadscassegs sasccerendasesverscereduocecetsetes STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP AND INCUMBRANCES. I hereby certify that 20000 ......... ne wae is the owner of the cotton described on the face of this receipt and that, other than the following, there are no liens, mort- gages, or other incumbrances on such cotton: (Signed) ae aean ann en aenn nn ennnemnne eens sss etncnnsonnen tne Via. 34. [Back of W. A. Form No. 6.] are also provided by which in- terested persons may appeal from the grade or class of cot- ton as stated on receipts issued under the Act. Definite contractual relations between the depositor, the ware- houseman, and the Government, through the Secretary of Agri- culture, are established by the provisions of the Act. The leg- islation is entirely permissive, and the warehouseman is re- quired to agree, over his signa- ture, to abide by the terms of the Act and the rules and regu- lations promulgated thereunder before the license will be issued. Section 14 of the Act provides that “any person who deposits agricultural products for stor- age in a warehouse licensed under this Act, shall be deemed to have deposited the same sub- ject to the terms of the Act and rules and regulations prescribed thereunder.” The receipt issued will be a very definite contract between the depositor and the warehouseman. The most important benefits to be derived from the United States Warehouse Act are: (1) Uniformity in the terms and conditions of the receipts will equalize their value in dif- ferent localities; (2) Federal supervision will give the receipt a value that can not be obtained through personal or even 432 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. State operation; (3) the statement of class and weight on the receipt, when made by the persons licensed under the Act, will furnish an accurate, substantial basis of valuation; (4) producers of farm products, holding receipts issued under the Act, will be brought into intimate touch with those who have credit to extend; (5) with adequate credit available, and with a definite idea of the value of his product, the producer will be in a position to market his product more intelligently; (6) by becoming licensed the warehouseman will be able to secure lower insurance rates on the cotton stored in his ware- house. Applications for license as warehouseman, weigher, and classifier may be made to the Secretary of Agriculture, on forms prescribed for the purpose and furnished by the Chief of the Bureau of Markets. ARABLE LAND IN THE UNITED STATES. By O. E. Baker, Agriculturist, and H. M. Strona, Assistant in Agricultural Geography, Office of Farm Management. HE PURPOSE of this article is to describe, only in out- line, the location and extent of present arable, nonarable, and potentially arable land in the United States, with a view to providing those interested in land utilization with a broad, generalized conception of the subject. PRESENT ARABLE LAND. It will be seen from map 1 that most of the present arable land in the United States (“improved land” according to the Census terminology) lies east of the 100th meridian, and is concentrated in a triangular area roughly bounded by a line from southwestern Pennsylvania across Kentucky and Missouri to central Oklahoma, thence northerly to north central North Dakota, and thence southeasterly across Min- nesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan to the point of beginning. In this region, which includes only one-fifth of the land of the United States, are produced four-fifths of the corn, three- fourths of the wheat and oats, and three-fifths of the hay crop of the Nation. No region in the world of equal size af- fords so favorable natural conditions for the growth of corn, the most productive per acre of the food crops, and few regions possess so favorable conditions for the culture of the small grain and hay crops. Outside this region the only areas where more than half of the land area was improved farm land in 1910 were central and western New York, southeastern Pennsylvania and ad- joining sections of New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia, the Nashville Basin and Tennessee River Valley in Tennessee, a few counties in the Piedmont of Georgia and in the upper Coastal Plain of Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, two counties in the Delta of Louisiana, the Black Waxy Prairie _ of Texas, the valleys of California, and the plateau of south- eastern Washington, northeastern Oregon, and adjacent sec- tion of Idaho. Improved farm land constitutes less than 433 434 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. one-eighth of the total Jand area along the Gulf and South Atlantic Coasts, in the northern portion ofthe Lake States, and in most of the West. NONARABLE LAND. Map 2 shows. the land not in farms in 1910. It is land which no one has thought it worth while trying to make into a farm, or, in certain localities, land which has been in farms and was abandoned. It includes much land scattered throughout the southern and eastern States, most of the land along the Canadian border from Maine to Minnesota, and nearly all the land in large areas of the West—in all, over half of the land area of the country. The question arises, Why is this vast domain unoccupied by farms? Several conditions must be met in order that land may be adapted to the production of crops. First, in this country, land generally must not be so stony or hilly as to prevent the use of the plow and other farm machinery. Map 3 shows the topography of the United States in a generalized way. and explains that vast areas in the western part of the United States and smaller areas in the Appalachian Mountains of the East are not in farms because of their rough surface. Probably 350,000,000 acres, or nearly one-fifth of the land area of the United States, is too hilly or rough for the suc- cessful production of crops. This mountainous or stony land, where the rainfall is sufficient, is adapted to the growth of forests, and where the rainfall is light is grazed by roving flocks of sheep or by cattle. Secondly, the rainfall must be sufficient for profitable pro- duction of crops. Map 4 shows the average annual precipi- tation (rain, melted snow, sleet, and hail) in the United States, and helps to explain why farms are absent from much of the land level enough for agriculture west of the 100th meridian. Where the average annual precipitation in Montana is less than 12 to 15 inches, or less than 18 inches in eastern Colorado, 20 inches in the Panhandle of Texas, and 25 inches in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, the pro- duction of crops without irrigation becomes a precarious business under present conditions. This minimum rainfall _ requirement. for successful crop production ranges from 9 to 30 inches in different parts of the United States according PLATE LIfl. Yearbook U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. 96r | $2s 8'Ss 69S L9s VLs wel ) LL ZBL ‘op CN Hl eze INT W3d| ALVIS carat IND ad} = Lvs a ae da tl VAY NVI TVLOL 40 (OI6L) CBMYOS NYT CGAOWAMI IND Yd | ivis 1,*.*.*.* DEER ED BESRSERH unao uae ; = 4N39 u3d feces mec amie (w3uv ONV1 IWLOL 40 G3NNO4 GNV7 G3A0NdWI LN39 Y3d ) QN3937 Vauv GNV1 WLOl OL JAILVISYN GNVT G3SA0udWNI ea which was improved Thirteenth Census, afford and ar he reports of the percentage of the total 1 taken from t ect. I ailable on the su bj 1910. The statistics vi ion a y counties; the approximate April 15, ormat Map 1 shows, b farm land the latest in 434-1 Yearbook U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. PLATE. EW: EACH DOT REPRESENTS 20,000 ACRES LAND NOT IN FARMS Map 2 shows the location of the land not in farms, April 15, 1910, as reported in the Thirteenth Census. The dots are distributed by counties, although, in order to avoid confusion, the county boundaries are not shown onthe map. In the West, the dots are distributed within each county according to the location of the unfarmed land. 434-2 Yearbook U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. PLATE LV. y; It is a photograph of a J. S. Geological Survey. Map 3 shows the topography, of the United States in a generalized wa relief model of the United States, and was courteously supplied by the 434-3 Yearbook U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. PLATE LVI. UNDER 10 INCHES 10 TO 15 INCHES 15 TO 20 INCHES 20 TO 30 INCHES 30 TO 40 INCHES 40 TO 50 INCHES 50 TO 60 INCHES 60 TO 80 INCHES 80 TO 100 INCHES 100 TO 120 INCHE 120 AND OVER * SCALE OF SHADES 4OCssttes COOCPEL EE SOA ETEE ACCES oe ‘4 oe oe ts oe ane RNAS SN SNS NAS SANA SSN OX NA ASN ANS VARA SS SN NS SSS SNS any RR Oe ee oe CPeSeCeCeOOC CESS SES ae) DODD DOD DDD DR a> ASAAAS SAS SANS ANNAN SN NN Zz os E < = — UO li x o a | < a Ze Zz < uJ O < x ul > < Map 4 shows the average annual precipitation (rain, melted snow, sleet, and hail). It is much reduced and generalized from a map prepared by the U. 8S. Weather Bureau for publication in the Precipitation and Humidity section of the Atlas of American Agriculture. 434-4 Arable Land in the United States. 435 to local climatic and soil conditions. In general, it increases from north to south with increasing evaporation and less fa- vorable type and seasonal distribution of precipitation. Probably 600,000,000 acres, or nearly one-third of the land area of the United States, receives insufficient rainfall for the profitable production of crops at normal prices, and pos- sesses no possibilities of irrigation. In occasional years of heavier rainfall, large profits may be made growing crops in these semiarid regions, but in the long run it pays better in most localities to use such land for grazing, and grow only a few acres of crops for supplementary feed in swales and seepage basins. Thirdly, the amount of heat must be sufficient and the season between killing frosts long enough to mature crops. Map 5, “ Length of the Growing Season,” shows that over a large extent of elevated land in the West, and also in the Adirondacks and a portion of northern Maine, the average growing season is less than 90 days, and frosts may occur during the summer. Light frosts are not, however, seriously injurious to certain hardy crops, and there is very little area in the United States otherwise suitable for crops where the small amount of heat received or shortness of the growing season prevents the successful production of hay and cer- tain varieties of barley, oats, spring wheat, and potatoes. Lastly, there are in the United States considerable areas of land where the soil is too sandy or infertile for the profit- able production of crops at prevailing prices. Such soils are better adapted to forest, and when cleared for agricultural use are generally soon allowed to grow up again to brush and trees. In all, about 1,000,000,000 acres, or more than one-half of the land area of the United States, is unfitted for the profit- able production of crops, owing either to rough topography, deficient rainfall, low temperature, or infertile soil. This land, except about 40,000,000 acres of absolute desert, is used, though often not as fully as it might be, for the production of wood and timber and for grazing live stock. POTENTIALLY ARABLE LAND. In addition to these largely irremediable conditions which limit the expansion of crop area in the United States, there 436 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. are other natural conditions amenable to improvement which have retarded agricultural development over large areas. Map 7 shows the areas of forest and cut-over land suit- able for agricultural use where the cost of clearing has re- tarded utilization. In the northern sections of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, and along the North Pacific coast, there is much forest and cut-over land which can be and is being made into farms, but at great expenditure of labor. In the South, from Virginia and the Carolinas to central Texas, a vast amount of cut-over land and wood- land is being redeemed gradually for agriculture. It may be estimated that about 200,000,000 acres of forest, “ cut-over ” land, and woodland in the United States, including that in farms, could be used for crops after clearing, or more than one-tenth of the land area of the country. If all this agriculturally suitable forest and cut-over land were made into farms averaging 160 acres in size, it would provide 1,250,000 farms, an addition of about 20 per cent to the total number of farms in the country. These wooded areas constitute the greatest unreclaimed agricultural re- source of the Nation, but the development of these lands must necessarily be slow, and should be undertaken only by men accustomed to hard labor and willing to endure privation. It is unlikely that more than 50,000,000 acres, or enough for perhaps 300,000 farms, will be cleared by the present genera- tion of farmers, unless the Government assumes responsi- bility. The next greatest undeveloped agricultural resource of the country is to be found in the swamps and other wet lands susceptible of drainage. It has been estimated that there are some 60,000,000 acres of such land suitable for the produc- tion of crops after reclamation, or enough to make 1,000,000 farms of 60 acres each of improved land. This land, as shown in map 8, is located largely in the Mississippi River bottoms and other river bottoms of the Coastal Plain of the South, and in the peat bogs and muck lands of the glaciated Lake States and Northeastern States. It is for the most part potentially fertile land. But drainage is an expensive operation, often involving cooperative or capitalistic effort, and will require time, very likely a half century or more, for PLATE LVII. Yearbook U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. YIAO B SAVO OFZ SAVO OFZ O1 O17 SAVO O12 O1 O81 SAVO O81 O1 OSI SAVQ OSI O1 OF SAVO O71 O1 06 SRL os! GAA 47 ASASN SAS 0, See x8 PON: ss vo) a ‘ NAN AN SAAS ‘ ' Se sayysss > S NAS AAAS AN SSNS ¢ , ‘ ¢ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ 4 7 ‘ , , ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ s ¢ ‘ , 2 gen Bureau and published in the Frost and Agriculture. It is much reduced and = killing frosts. the U 8S. Weather the season betw las of American ne Atl p prepar Growing Season section of the ralized from a ma Map 5 shows the average length of e 436-1 Yearbook U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. PLATE LVIII. Q z < a Q ie) ie) > Q z < kK on Ww it je) is Gams FOREST @ZZZZA WOODLAND EACH OCT REPRESENTS 10,000 ACRES Map 6 shows the location of the forest and woodland area of the United States in a generalized way. It was prepared in cooperation with the Forest Service. In the West, except in Oregon and Cali- fornia, the boundaries of the forests have been taken in part from a map prepared by Henry Gan- nett and published in the Nineteenth Annual Report of the U.S. Geological Survey. In Oregon and California, maps issued by the State departments of forestry were used. 436-2 Yearbook U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. PLATE LIX. {INCLUDING WOODLAND IN FARMS) SUITABLE FOR CROPS AFTER CLEARING Q z _ 4 ind w > ° E 2 18) a Zz 4 EF 7) Ww i ie) u Map 7 shows the approximate location and extent of forest, cut-over land, and woodland which could be used for the production of crops after clearing. Only such part of this land should be cleared, however, as will pay adequate returns on the cost of clearing. The estimates were com- en piled from Census data, Forest Service reports, and from correspondence with State and county officials and lumber companies. 436-3 98911°—yBK 1918——32 Yearbook U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1918. PLATE LX. 1) Q : k W S it Ww . e rietie A. “i Gk 34! Soe. birsais a: figtl ior Voray iw ont mS OOF of (OS. nonvers aed tor . ~~ ad # a ’ x Seok a : ™ 8. J/g : APPENDIX. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES IN THE UNITED STATES’? College instruction in agriculture is given in the colleges and universities receiving the benefits of the acts of Congress of July 2, 1862, August 30, 1890, and March 4, 1907, which are now in operation in all the States and Territories except Alaska. The total number of these institutions is 69, of which 67 main- tain courses of instruction in agriculture. In 23 States and Porto Rico the agricultural colleges are departments of the State universities. In 17 States separate institutions having courses in agriculture are maintained for the colored race. All of the agricultural colleges for white persons and several of those for negroes offer four-year courses in agriculture and its related sciences leading to bachelor’s degrees, and many provide for graduate study. About 60 of these institutions also provide special, short, or correspondence courses in the different branches of agriculture, including agronomy, horticulture, animal husbandry, poultry raising, cheese making, dairying, sugar making, rural engi- neering, farm mechanics, and other technical subjects. The agricultural experiment stations, with very few exceptions, are departments of the agricul- tural colleges. It is estimated that the total number of persons engaged in the work of education and research in the land-grant colleges and the experiment stations in 1918 was 10,924; the number of students (white) in interior courses in the colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts, 70,195; the total number of stu- dents (white) in the whole institutions, 111,267;* the number of students (white) in the four-year college courses in agriculture, 9,574; the total number of students in the institutions for negroes, 9,149, of whom 2,820 were enrolled in agricultural courses. With a few exceptions, each of these colleges offers free tuition to residents of the State in which it is located. In the excepted cases scholarships are open to promising and energetic students, and in all opportuni- ties are found for some to earn part of their expenses by their own labor. The expenses are from $125 to $300 for the school year. Agricultural colleges in the United States. State or Territory. Name of institution. Location. President. Alabama......... Alabama Polytechnic Institute.......... Anburn: Vc C. C. Thach. Agricultural School of the Tuskegee Nor- | Tuskegee Institute ..| R. R. Moton.% Poe and Mechanical College for | Normal..-.......... W. 8S. Buchanan. : egroes. AMOR cass e Ses « College of Agriculture of the University | Tucson.............. D. W. Working. of Arizona. ATKANSAS —. ccs College of Agriculture of the University | Fayetteville......... Martin Nelson.‘ of Arkansas. Branch Normal College.................. Hine Binthics: 6 242: J; GQ. Ish: 3%. California......... College of Agriculture of the University | Berkeley............ T. F. Hunt.‘ of California. Colorado...-...... a Agricultural College of Colo- | Fort Collins......... C. A. Lory. rado, 7 Connecticut ...... Connecticut Agricultural College........ Storms. sats. we C. L. Beach. Delaware......... Wela ware Collegesssec....'53 .sepvleti.lec Newark. .ust.0eiJ..8 8. C. Mitchell. State College for Colored Students....... Dover ev anes W. C. Jason. Floridas:tti/. 2. ee 2 camped of the University | Gainesville.......... P. H. Rolfs.4 of Florida. Florida Agricultural and “Mechanical | Tallahassee....-..... N. B. Young. College for Negroes. 1 Including only institutions established under the land-grant act of July 2, 1862, 2 Not including students in correspondence courses and extension schools. ; oe ean. 443 444 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. Agricultural colleges in the United States—Continued. State or Territory. Name of institution. Location. President. YOOPP Ass nc. c ees Georgia State College of Agriculture..... Anes sce os. Sess A. M. Soule Jeorgia State Industrial College......... Savannah........... R. R. Wright. Hewett 2 5..se0e54 Golleve of Hawalls-2o: i concen ote ee eee Riononwti=. = -.sos2ce L. Dean. Idaho 2. :ac.szsuee one 2 of Agriculture of the University OSCOW ---.0 junween E. J. Iddings.1 of Idaho. SINGIS2 5 Foes. od College of Agriculture of the University Urbana % <--cee soca E. Davenport.! of Illinois. Indians... 2224 + J School of Agriculture of Purdue Univer- | La Fayette.......... J. H. Skinner. sity. TOWER. scents Iowa State College of Agriculture and | Ames............... R. A. Pearson. Mechanic Arts. WaAnsas . sv. 22open Kansas State Agricultural College ....-... Manhattan.........- W. M. Jardine. Kentucky ...-...- The College of Agriculture of the Univer- | Lexington.......... T. P. Cooper. sity of Kentucky. The Kentucky Normal and Industrial | Frankfort..........- G. P. Russell Institute for Colored Persons. Louisiana .......- Louisiana State University and Agricul- | Baton Rouge........| T. D. Boyd. tural and Mechanical College. Southern University and Agricultural | Scotland Heights, J. 8S. Clark. “and Mechanical College of the State of Baton Rouge. Louisiana. Whines. 2s. V8! iy ot of Agriculture of the University | Orono-.............. L. 8S. Merrill.t of Maine. Maryland........- Maryland State College of Agriculture...}| College Park........| A. F. Woods. PrincessAnne Academy, Eastern Branch | Princess Anne. cecne|) kis Eke Seem of the Maryland State College of Agri- culture. . Massachusetts. ...| Massachusetts Agricultural College. .....| Ambherst..........-- K. L. Butterfield. Massachusetts Institute of Technology *..| Boston.............- R. C. Maclaurin. Michigan. ........ Michigan Agricultural College........-... East Lansing.....-. 4 4 Kedzie. Minnesota......-- Department of Agriculture of the Uni- noe Farm, W. Thatcher.! versity of Minnesota. St. Mississippi. - ..-..- MGsisippt Agricultural and Mechanical Aprouttaral a W.H. Smith. ollege Ale orn heidi and Mechanical Col- | Alcorn...........-.-. L. J. Rowan ege. Missouri.........- College of Agriculture of the University | Columbia........... F. B. Mumford. of Missouri. ' School of Mines and Metallurgy of the | Rolla........... aan University of Missouri.% Lincoln Enstitute. (2229. 22 See. pope City. seete ee Richardson, Montana ........- Montana StateCollege of Agriculture and | Bozeman............ M. Hamilton. Mechanic Arts. Nebraska........- College of Agriculture of the University | Lincoln......... Pry Se Bi 2 ese: Burnett.t . of Nebraska. i ; Wovada......<<:-. ere of rctai of the University | Reno........... ---..!| C. S. Knight. of Nevada. : New Hampshire... New Hampshire College of Agriculture | Durham...........- R. D. Hetzel. and the Mechanic Arts. New Jersey......- State College of Agriculture and Mechanic | New Brunswick..... W.H.S. Demarest. Arts of Rutgers College and the State ; University of New Jersey. New Mexico...... New Mexico College of Agriculture and | State College........ A. D. Crile. | Mechanic Arts. New York.......- New York State College of Agriculture. ..| Ithaca. ............- A. R. Mann. North Carolina...) The North Carolina State College of Ag- | West Raleigh....... W.C. Riddick. riculture and Engineering. Negro Agriculturaland Technical College.) Greensboro..........]- J.B. Dudley. orth Dakota... .! North Dakota Agricultural College... ... Agricultural College.| E. F. Ladd. OIG. cats ecen oe ne ollege of Agriculture of Ohio State Uni- | Columbus..........- Alfred Vivian.! versity. Oklahoma. ....... Omiabonis Agricultural and Mechanical | Stillwater........... J. W. Cantwell. ollege | Agricultural and Normal University....| Langston........... J. - Marquess. Oregon 4.234.241. % Oregon Agricultural College............. Corvallisucc.t<. tote W. J. Kerr. Pennsylvania.....| The School of Agriculture of the Penn- | State College........ R. L. Watts.1 svlvania State College. Porto Rico. ......| College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts | Mayaguez........... R. S. Garwood.1 | of the University of Porto Rico. Rhode Island..... | Rhode Island State College.........-...- Kingston... scseue Howard Edwards. South Carolina. ..| The Clemson Agricultural College of | Clemson College..... W. M. Riggs. South Carolina. , State Agricultural and Mechanical Col- | Orangeburg......... R. S. Wilkinson. lege of South Carolina. South Dakota....| South Dakota State College of Agricil- | Brookings........... W. ©. Johnson. ture and Mechanie Arts. Tennessee. ....... College of Agriculture, University of Ten- | Knoxville........... H. A. Morgan.! nessee. Tennessee Agrieultural and Industrial | Nashville. .........-. W. J. Hale. State Normal £chool. 1 Dean. 2 Principal. 3 Does not maintain courses in agriculture. Agricultural Experiment Stations of the United States. 445 Agricultural colleges in the United States—Continued. State or Territory. Name of institution. Location. President. () cs ie oar op ipa and Mechanical College of | College Station...... W.B. Bizzell. ‘exas Prairie View State Normal and Indus- | Prairie View........ J. G. Osborne.t trial College. WE 2 dS -3 The Agricultural College of Utah.......-. Euan 35559325 E. G. Peterson. Vermont......... erp of. Agriculture of the University | Burlington.......... J. L. Hills.2 of Vermont. Virginige2 tule... The Virginia Agricultural and Mechani- | Blacksburg........- J. D. Eggleston. eal College and Polytechnic Institute. . =~ aa Normal and Agricultural | Hampton..........- J. E. Gregg.! stitute. Washington...... State College of Washington............- Polimian: 235545120 | E. O. Holland. West Virginia... . woe of Agriculture of West Virginia | Morgantown........ J. L. Coulter.? niversity. The West Virginia Collegiate Institute ...| Institute............ | Byrd Prillerman. Wisconsin .......- College of Agriculture of the University in@tictit2. $2. 25% L. Russell.? of Wisconsin. ‘ Wyoming. ......-. College of Agriculture, University of | Laramie............) A.D. Taville.? Wyoming. | } 1 Principal. 2 Dean. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. Alabama (College), Auburn: J. F. ee argh Alabama (Canebrake), Uniontown: J. Burgess. j Alabama (Tuskegee), Tuskegee Institute: G. W. Carver. Alaska, Sitka aes are Aa Kodiak, Fairbanks, and Matanuska) : e& Georgeson.1 Arizona, Tucson: D. we. Working. Arkansas, Fayetteville : Martin Nelson. California, Berkeley: T. F. Hunt. Colorado, Fort Collins: C. P. Gillette. Connecticut (State), New , Lee 7 Li el a aa ean E. H. Jenkins. Connecticut (Storrs), Storrs Delaware, Newark: Harry Hayward. Florida, Gainesville: P. H. Rolfs. Georgia, Experiment : H. P. Stuckey. Guam 2 C. W. Edwards.* eed (Federal), Honolulu: J. M. West- gate. Ceres (Sugar Planters’), Honolulu: H. P. ee Sako, Moscow: E. J. Iddings. Illinois, Urbana: E. Davenport. Indiana, La Fayette: C. G. Woodbury. Iowa, Ames: C. F. ——— Kansas, Manhattan: ia Farrell. Kentucky, Paeenred T. P. Cooper. Louisiana (State), Baton): - Rou Geen tiueas) > olew ouisiana ugar), ew ae W. R. Dodson Louisiana (North), Calhoun Louisiana (Rice), Crowley Maine, Orono: C. D. Woods. Maryland, College Park: H. J. Patterson. Massachusetts, Amherst: F. W. Morse.+ Michigan, East, Lansing: R. S. Shaw. Minnesota, University Farm, St. Paul: R. W. Thatcher. Mississippi, Agricultural College: J. R. Ricks. : Missouri (College), Columbia : F. B. Mumford. Missouri (Fruit), Mountain Grove: F. W. Faurot. Montana, Bozeman: F. B. Linfield. Nebraska, Lincoln: E. A. Burnett. Nevada, Reno: S. B. Doten. New Hampshire; Durham: J. C. Kendall. New Jersey (College), New Brunswick New Jersey ESD IO 5 eon New Mexico, State College: Fabian Garcia. New York (State), Geneva: rh H. Jordan. New York (Cornell), Ithaca : R. Mann. North Carolina, Raleigh and Weat Raleigh : (State), J. G, Lipman. B. W. Kilgore. North Dakota, Agricultural College: P. F. Trowbridge. Ohio, Wooster: C. E. Thorne. Oklahoma, Stillwater: H. G. Knight. Oregon, Corvallis: A. B. Cordley Pennsylvania, State College: R. eo Watts. (Institute of Animal Nutri- Pennsylvania H. P. Armsby. ~ tion), Stat2 College: Porto Rico (Federal), Mayaguez: D. ay. Porto Rico Rio Piedras: Col6én. Rhode Island, Kingston: B. L. Hartwell. South Carolina, Clemson College : Barre. South Dakota, Brookings: J. W. Wilson. Tennessee, Knoxville: H. A. Morgan. Texas, College Station: B. Youngblood. Utah, Logan: F. S. Harris. Vermont, Burlington : J. L. Hills. Virginia (College), Blacksburg: A. W. Drinkard, jr. Virginia (Truck), Norfolk: T. C. Johnson. Virgin Islands, St. Croix: Longfield Smith.* Washington, Pullman: E. C. Johnson. West Virginia, Morgantown: J. L. Coulter. Wisconsin, Madison: H. L. Russell. Wyoming, Laramie: A. D. Faville. - (Insular), E. STATE OFFICIALS IN CHARGE OF AGRICULTURE. Alabama: Commissioner of Agriculture, Montgomery. Arizona: Secretary of State, Phoenix. Arkansas: Commissioner of Bureau of Mines, Manufactures, and Agriculture, Little Rock. California: Secretary of the California 1 Agronomist in charge. ? Address : Islandof Guam, via San Francisco, State Agricultural Society, Sacramento. Colorado: Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture, Fort Collins. Connecticut : Secretary of State Board of Agriculture, Hartford. Delaware: Secretary of State Board of Ag- riculture, Dover. 8 Animal husbandman in charge. * Acting director. 446 Florida : Commissioner of Agriculture, Tal- lahassee, Goris : Commissioner of Agriculture, At- anta. Hawaii: Secretary of Territorial Board of Agriculture, Honolulu. Idaho: Superintendent of Department of Farm Markets, Boise. Illinois: Director of Department of Ag- riculture, Springfield. Indiana: Secretary of State Board of Ag- riculture, Indianapolis. Iowa: Secretary of Department cof Agri- culture, Des Moines. Kansas: Secretary of State Board of Agri- culture, Topeka. . Kentucky: Commissioner of Agriculture, Frankfort. i Louisiana: Commissioner of Agriculture and Immigration, Baton Rouge. Maine: Commissioner of Agriculture, Au- gusta. Maryland: Secretary of State Board of Ag- riculture, Kensington. Massachusetts: Secretary of State Board of Agriculture, Boston. Michigan: Secretary of State Board of Ag- riculture, East Lansing. Minnesota: Secretary of State, St. Paul. . Mississippi: Commissioner of Agriculture and Commerce, Jackson. Missouri: Secreiary of State Board of Agri- culture, Jefferson City. Montana: Commissioner of Agriculture and Publicity, Helena. Nebraska: Secretary of State Board of Ag- riculture, Lincoln. Nevada: Secretary of State, Carson City. New Hampshire: Commissioner of Agricul- ture, Concord. New Jersey: Secretary of Department of Agriculture, Trenton. Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. New Mexico: State Land Commissioner, Santa Fe. New York: Commissioner of Agriculture, Albany. North Carolina :, Commissioner of Agricul- _ ture, Raleigh. North Dakota: Commissioner of Agricul- ture and Labor, Bismarck. Ohio: Secretary of State Board of Agricul- ture, Columbus. Oklahoma : Oklahoma. Oregon: Secretary of State Board of Agri- culture, Salem. Pennsylvania: Secretary of Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg. Philippine Islands: Director of Agriculture, Manila. Porto Rico: Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor, San Juan. Rhode Island: Secretary of State Board of Agriculture, Providence. South Caroiina: Commissioner of Agricul- ture, Commerce, and Industries, Columbia. South Dakota: Commissioner of Immigra- tion, Pierre. Tennessee: Commissioner of Agriculture, Nashville. by Commissioner of Agriculture, Aus- in. Utah: Secretary of State, Salt Lake City. Vermont: Commissioner of Agriculture, St. Albans. Virginia : Commissioner of Agriculture and Immigration, Richmond. Washington: Commissioner of Agriculture,- Olympia. West Virginia: Commissioner of Agricul- ture, Charleston. Wisconsin: Commissioner of Agriculture, Madison. Wyoming: Secretary of State, Cheyenne. Commissioner of Agriculture, STATE OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF COOPERATIVE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORK. Alabama: J. F. Duggar, Alabama Polytech- bie Institute, Auburn. ! Arizona: E. P. Taylor, College of Agricul- ture, University of Arizona, Tucson. Arkansas: W. C. Lassetter, College of Agri- culture, University of Arkansas, Fay- etteville. California: W. T. Clarke, College of Agri- —- University of California, Berke- ey. Colorado: H. T. French, State Agricultural College of Colorado, Fort Collins. Connecticut: H. J. Baker, Connecticut Ag- ricultural College, Storrs. Delaware: H. Hayward, Delaware College, Newark. Fiorida: P. H. Rolfs, College of Agricul- ture, University of Florida, Gainesville. Georgia: J. Phil Campbell, Georgia State College of Agriculture, Athens. By oY L. W. Fluharty, The Statehouse, ,oise, Illinois: W. F. Handschin, College of Agri- culture, University of Illinois, Urbana. Indiana: G. I. Christie, Purdue University, La Fayette. Iowa: R. K. Bliss, Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Ames. Kansas: Harry Umberger,’ Kansas State Agricultural College, Manhattan. Kentucky: Fred Mutchler, College of Agri- culture of the University of Kentucky, Lexington. Louisiana: W. R. Perkins, Louisiana State University and Agricultural Me- chanical College, Baton Rouge. Maine: L. S. Merrill, College of Agricul- ture, University of Maine, Orono. and Maryland: T. B. Symons, Maryland State College of Agriculture, College Park. Massachusetts: R. W. Redman,’ Massachu- setts Agricultural College, Amherst. Michigan: R. J. Baldwin, Michigan Agri- cultural College, East Lansing. Minnesota: A. D. Wilson, College of Agri- culture, University of Minnesota, Uni- versity Farm, St. Paul. Mississippi: R. 8. Wilson, Mississippi Agri- cultural and Mechanical College, Agricul- tural College. Missouri: A. J. Meyer, College of Agricul- ture, University of Missouri, Columbia. Montana: F. 8. Cooley, Montana State Col- lege of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Bozeman. Nebraska: W. H. Brokaw, College of Agri- culture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nevada: C. A. Norcross, College of Agri- culture, University of Nevada, Reno. New Hampshire: J. C. Kendall, New Hamp- shire College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Durham. : New Jersey: L. A. Clinton, Rutgers College and the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick. New Mexico: A. C. Cooley, New Mexico Col- lege of Agriculture and Mechanie Arts, State College. New York: A. R. Mann, New York State College of Agriculture, Ithaca. North Carolina : B. W. Kilgore, North Caro- line State College of Agriculture and Bn- gineering, West Raleigh. North Dakota: G. W. Randlett, North Da- kota Agricultural College, Agricultural College. 1Acting director, Agricultural Experiment Stations of the United States. Ohio: C. S. Wheeler, College of Agricul- ture, Ohio State University, Columbus. Oklahoma: J. A. Wilson, Oklahoma Agri- cultural and Mechanical College, Still- water. Oregon: O. D. Center, Oregon Agricultural College, Corvallis. Pennsylvania: M. S. McDowell, Pennsyl- vania State College, State College. Rhode Island: A. E. Stene, Rhode Island State College, Kingston. South Carolina: W. W. Long, Clemson Agricultural College of South Carolina, Larsen, Clemson College. South Dakota: C. South Dakota State College, Brookings. Tennessee: Cc. A. Keffer, College of ease mu0D ‘exmBIQ|-""***"=-- 007 “H WOSsTIM. } ~-srojoedsuy YITW pue Aired JO UOT}BIOOSSY [euOTyeUIE}UT 8) “d ‘a0’ ur -ysey ‘onueay ynoroouu0,) UZIT |-°° 77777" PIOM “O UBAT |**""Sssep_ ‘MOysog ‘osnoy eyRIg |*"***"7* uvpior *O sommes | Senn 2 = * Spe Rory #5 WONBIOOssy ,SIBONpoOIg AIA Peyrise9 “ssoIppy | *£rvYo100g “ssouppy *quopIselg | *WOTIVIOOSSB JO QUIEN “SNOLLVIOOSSY TVNOLLYNUGLINI ‘“SNOLLVIDOSSVY MOOLS GAIT STATISTICS OF GRAIN CROPS, 1918. CORN. Tapie 1.—Corn: Area and production in undermentioned countries, 1916-1918. Se Area. Production. Country. SS i 1916 1917 1918 1916 | 1917 | 1915 poe ~ NORTH AMERICA. Acres. Acres. Acres. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. United States....-------- 105, 296, 000 [116,730,000 |107, 494, 000 2,, 566,927, 000 |3,065, 233, 000 |2, 582, 814, 000 anada: British Columbia..-..|------------|----22------ Te ae reer cred oot itt 11,000 nifanioe-e: =: --2=-=- 160, 000 s 5, 960, 000 5, 960, 000 5, 664, 000 Quebec...-.---------- 13,000 74,000 55, 000 322,000 1, 803, 000 1, 272, 000 (ink eee 173,000 234, 000 250, 000 6, 282, 000 7,763,000 6,947,000 eteipeees ok 2222 2-26--- / ~__..| 2 110,065,000 |.....------+--[---- ++ eS sp Spel cep Bates RETIREE ns cx ban Sl cn bance eS Argentina.....----------- 161, 133, 000 170, 660, 000 Ein ee EE ere 66, 000 1,570,000 | 1,331,000 |.------------ Uruguay .-.------------ Ee rel SIR ee ll TREES (Pat in jeamidll etetesaseene nates emesis sata Motalscc----c----| 10,601,000 |...--22-----|---n-0+--=22| 26%, S07/08 |onnns oo EUROPE. Austria-Hungary: Austria *.......------ Hungary proper-.---- Croatia-Slavonia..-.-.|------------|-----27-°°7"] Bosnia-Herzegovina Total Austria- Hungary...------|------------ Bulgaria.....------------ France....--------------- > 16, 215,000 |------------- Ttaly..-..----------+----- 75, 452,000 |..----------- ah el BSESO Certs aon o el baal ea 49,275,000. |-weencene--ee-|o-22-20e078*" Roumania....----------- 5,056,000 | 1,077,000 |.-.--------- 4-86, 412,000 |.-..--------+-|---7-70 0777" Russia: . aoe r Russia proper.....---| 2,865,000 |--..-----+--|--+reeer777" 62, 207,000 |....---------- [Sane Northern Caucasia...| 4917, 000 |..----------|++-+++777" 7" 418,520,000 |-..----------- apes Benes Total Russia..-...-- 3,782,000 |.-----------|--------2="* 80, 727, 000 |----<22-------|--22-207 77°" Ca thins Laas eee Sari a aed bmi ti ee —______.| 412,000, 000 |. Ee jeowr FD pei Bate ee Spain. .--..-+--+-+------- 1,154,000 | 1,175,000 | 1,169, 000 28/642,000 | 29,369,000 | 24, 141, 000 Switzerland.......------- 4,000 5, 000 7, 000 150, 000 252, 000 358, 000 Srey) ey ee ee es See EE tat blab (571,457,000 |......-+-+----|-----2-72"-"" ASIA. ei. ey aed =e A _— British India......------- 6,679,000 | 6,241,000 |...-..------ 100,080,000 | 93, 760,000 |..----------- Japan.....-- 55 Et See 144, 000 142, 000 144, 000 4, 102, 000 3, 705,000 |..--.--+--+=- Philippine Islunds. .. ---- 1,069,000 | 1,058,000 |..---------- 14,082,000 | 13,442,000 |..-.--------- Wotlste s+ sa= 5-0. =- 7,892,000 | 7,441,000 |....-------+ 118, 265,000 | 110, 906, 000 omer reet ———— SS —_—__—_______ ——_—__—_—__ ———_ _ nl AFRICA Algeria.....-----e2--2-e0-[eeseceeeaees 90,000 |.....cccse--|-eon--2s-2000- 2902, O00 |. 12s --tenn0= Bgypt.-.-.----+--22--207° 1,850,000 | 1,685,000 |...-...----- 362,000 | 63, 757,000 |....--------- Union of South Africa...-| 2, 740,000 | 3, 150, 000 3, 300, 000 26, 304, 000 36, 516, 000 29, 708, 000 iGtale shes lens i y Ima a t = t iol S35 “SI6I-FI6T RLZ8S SBASH SRRSE BS S & RSS | F) , ~ ; . ee ee ete ar ge ae eh aa pt ret pr] paren 5 Speed Pic ~ nw ~ isd za PL |feseioae meas | BSSss SISGA SSEkR dase sdade sdadg weeds cadet asses ssesla_ a a A es ™ — [Eo] SSeS RLSBR SSSER BSRSR SSARF SSRSS SFGSL SSSSR KSES Bessie ee SI6L i a ce ee ce Be eo ee oe ee ee = o _ 4 S =a nor rr} ro) io 2B AneaR RSEGS SSERS SSRRB SBSS= GAHRAN RASSS SSKSAR ZSES BSR |S 5 LI6L ANNN Anse Oe eee enon! ee Ae ee eiiaeniaen ion | Cee ee! ae eho oe Snitententenieel ee -—<—SeS S -_ ths baa noon & Lo oo Serm maSosce not e mOnoS Mom = aa ASSRS R2S8SS SSSSS SBSSN SSSRS SELSE essas SSSES SSER SSSa le oo bo) Ys) tim or ieee ' - Or (=) CO 1 [or] co hm19 v) ¢ oh [-] ed cr6r | SeSOS Seeee Sense Keene SSS55 SSEGR S2SS8SR SSS58 RSS Site = me i} > OO ADO AD Da mone hwo NDOMat HDOoMNs eooeo oon “art ae 8 ¥I6r | BBDLR BORK SHODN BEOHS Bosse Besos Seren SLEES EAS ae 3 Be a B 5 7 Aa ~ n~ SAK = = i=) =RSe moe 1D Sl La i SI6I-606T “888 | SSSSA SSSKBKR KLSSSS SRESS FSKSSL LSSLL KSSRS SSESF SRSZ SBS=IA = x be Ee oe oe Eee | ae ae - rere — © IVAG IvOA-)T = | esoeosceo Seeseeso SSSSSO SCSOSCSOH SHSOSSO SCORHO SCSSCSOO HOOSCO coce feet be Ds ee a kc, Saat oe Oe eg Ee SB es Soe meoee 4 ew ake ee es Re pe ies Pe Spree Pere oaered 4 Stet | "SESSS SSISa Baaat “esse SSSse Satvg AsNSS “Sada Bxxd Ssossls- —\—J—-}—1— a = — 1) — a — 1 — 1 — leuk géaed sega ceae. deca le Relceh aces et el cee neg re oeceten ire RAR al 4 Sook Sa bite ae oe ss tKca : 4161 | ESSE Sadas Sisas aS CRESS Sats “ANS SHAS SSSHls eooco Sooesse Sonny wnooSsoSe Snoecoe wr~ooewn Sooce seals - PEG TCG. gt CPR OMECER” oa) hes aie eas AE SA a tard ca ee a a oot | dsdda seees Sass's ; Res dias Siads asses seeds 2) Coooso coonhs Sonnon ek - OOO00 SCoOoOHH NOSSO CoOSce coco ;N 3 pg goo aah mew pan iat iS eer na eal plana s eer aerasy Rae tse Se Cn Se saree Eee er at 5 ee f M8 AaSuG- SSSSen Shane Soaes RSaS NOSSS SKASA KSSS Bass ls 4 SSSSS SOnHnSo SHOMMH ° SSOnneoe Sonmn HHOSCS SCoOoSG oCooo;*x SERS RS SRST eg aa (AG Es Me ke Wale im ater en ig tet SEs) Ge oe my mare Reh tias ag pe Sos ahaees Ai vee 2 Wer) S$S5S9 $3498 Hadae AALS REASS SHARK Ades SHSS |S oO ‘auwes Moin ow Soom! 7Ow MHonq WMooe Sones wWSoeo Soewol-= Ke I6T FP a eT pee Se 0 eR er CR a SieEses ee or ee eee Pe Th re : | 8 S16 | S55SS SA8ea Sess AACR SORAS Saass SKS5 SAAS 1H | i SSOSSH SSSCHO HODND 77) ~SSST BHAMSS MHHSH SOCSO BDmoocjla | 8 ZI6I RAE ee ean ae St Sake - : ; RSA Me Rcseh ek Polen ee eine . 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Aa re Math oe on ay pace ane a Aten ew. we iain Sat e 3 Ee = [ale Foal a 1FOo5 AAsaS ~ . o\: ao [.. oe) a) AZras O2ZzZeAQ ASE za ZuZss 1 Based upon farm price Dec, 1. 455 Statistics of Corn. voz‘s | 20% | ogg | e-zet | eee | tor |e Ue | _ ore IST ir ‘et | oz | oor |oser| sez | oor | 86st | 08% om | 1 “1a | che | PT |*******oeq-Amme ose's | see | ses] 9cor | 62t | zor | e906] IZ | 00% | F09T | OT | oor | 8"ezT | Sst | O9T cir) GLT | Sct | O'HIZ | FIZ | FIZ |°°°*"***** **equre0eq Bh a panies *F2S1- O48 1 -B6T FLT | 22a] Tee | Te | 0'01S) 67@ | Sst | e‘sia| Fez | OBt | T'zor| Zt OFT | ber | Zee | FST |°*°*°°°"*‘*“saqumAON aah ssfonscceeisoossss] goat | ore | o6f | 8'c0z| Oe | S86L | 6'26T | FoTe | 6st | 9'S6T | FOZ | FET | 8°20Z | GOZ | SOE | 6'202| Oz | woe |°°°°"****""**°s9q07900 oso’e | 02's | cove | t'z0z | zzz | oer | 2'z12] ose | sot | 9'802] Fez | SOX | 0'S02| FIZ | Let | 2°90 | Fete | OB | Z’7ez| See | GOZ |" *--Jaqureideg cw F | 49°F | S9°8] OSGI | Ses 19t | 6°902} OFZ | ZST | G'96T| 9E% | 69T | 'cOZ] SEZ | OLE | 2°26E | O&% | SZT | T'ZIZ| St TSicds Pe ee isngny goz's | 09% | 98°S|6 oe | 2 | Zt |Z ‘908 | Ck TSt_ | 10% | Ges | fLzT | OLEr} €2e | est | 000% | 12% | Hest | 9 ‘plz 68% _ _68T_ i Se oe Uy “Ane Ste % | oe’ C0'% | OTST | Fozt | tF6 0-98T FOLT ZOL | BIST | 9ZT | 186 c'est | 92ZT c6 € ‘OFT | 281 COL | ZF 9s t | tes “ss oun ="UB ors's | oF's | 02'S | F°GOT | FeZT CCl | 6°TLT | #9ZT ZOE | 8‘OLT | 9LT SST | 8'sZT | OLE | HOT | O'ZZT | eal T9L | T‘OsT "981 yout ies 2 eeenn Sag ee cog"s | e's | S28 | seor | Tr | feet | 8sor} sar TOL | O'FOL | #2 | VST | 2°e9L | SZT PST | 8'ZT | OST FOT | L°SLT | Est 7 ey age aaa ey oe 900° | og'e | Soe} ocorT | TOT | 92t | G‘OSL | GOT | FEEL | Shr} OOT | et | HL | Feet | Fszt | O‘GFT | Feet | Feet | 2‘9eT fect FET “Tady Zee | 09'S «| OS'S] TIT | «S7r | RIOT | 2°SIt | Zar LOT | S‘1IT | eer | ¥Or | G‘sIt | zat | Or | T6IT-| gear PIL | FS2r | eer SIT qoreyy S6l'% | %% | Ste | 9°66 tor | ¥¢6 | oot | 2Or Zor | 800T | kzor | 496 =| 2°0T | _60L SOL | 8‘It | YOTT 90 | 8'SIT | 11@t | ESOT ~* -ATENIOa SIL Ree c0'% | 8°86 | Z0L | th cn 90L | ZOL | 0°66 | gor Bas: S‘ToL | Sor | 96 L ‘IEE | ¥Str SOL | ‘IIT | YOIL | 86 vossenss 995 UNG ‘ 116 —- = > __ _——_——__. 1s8I | or | G21) FS | TIT | fs2 | 0%6 | ZIT | ¥eL b 06 LIE x82, 1006) .|\ 20% 6L T'96 | 20t | t¢8 | 9'IOL | O@T fs ~ssecse=e**° OO =AINE weet | OST | OLT)}6°EL ) 22 f69 | 8'o2 | f64 f1Z | o's. || $62 Caen ae vis lay f0L | 9°62 | ffs OL | 2°98 | teo “4 aa ee 9 Cgo'T | O8'T | OFT] FOL | T8 yee 62 | ¥8 #9 «1 0'%L | Tes yy StL | 8 79.6} 222 | 28) | $29 «| 8°28 | «E26 Ee ay “*-oaq-Ajne ST 100'E | 82 5E21.8 vax | fez s9 | 9°92 | 08 (of Mie tgs 4 Say aes 89 | ¢'92 I8 OL | 2°84 | te aL =6«| 9S | 106 LL ae fare use ozs't | eet | for | 9'ez | ze | &o joe | 88 | feo | Fez | 98 | feo |s'sz | %s | feo | Fez | 68 | fz9 | Tze 88 Fis We eee oeq-Aqne g0Z'T | SZ'T T9'T | 9°89 | fez BO) 1 T20r ll nee 29 «|| $99 «| FEZ 09 | 6°22 | 2 FO NOOR: fi 2 22 99 =| F'oZ | #28 09 aa ice ; pee ae Srl‘t | 28 | f19'T | 9°22 | 2 | e190 foo =| O'TL | 482 OF W)6582. WTS) 1 F00: “(S0°99! 1 80 | AeOm Vicesees 1 Foe 6L daq-Aqne TOL'T | OST | 69°L | O#S | #9 CF sb |o#o | oO | for | 9'9¢ | G9 sb | euo | tco | ¥e¢ | 8's¢ | 99 | $e “*aunye—uBe ‘snod | ‘sod | ‘sod | ‘sid | ‘810 | *810 “90 | “810 | °80 | “80 | “8D | “80-| “810 | “80 | "80 | “890 | “HO | “HO | “81D “S161 : ‘ose |. E ‘ose |. : ‘e38 |. ‘ese |. z ‘ose |. } : i ne UST | “MOTT | Say, | URE | “MOTT | ions, [UST | MOT | ony, | MAME | “MOT | Oy, | Uae | “tory | _SkS | “usr | “aorT ris sre | “Aory *(spunod we = : ; ‘ P : = “oqeq oot 4d) orn, Z°ON ‘ON yovry U0) PoxTUr Z “ON POXTIT MOTTA Z “ON ‘oostUvI, Weg *smno’yT “498 “q10190C7 ‘osvoryg “TyeUUTNUT,) OOTUTIT RE "yO X MON “SI6I-SI6L ‘jaysng sad anud aposajoy 4 sUlogQ—'g ATAVY, ‘penuyu0g—NWO9 lture. TUCcu f the “ne of Ag ~ Yearbook o 456 GL8°% co GL% | € 6ST | S6T aa G28 °% F 6PT | OST CPT €vPT | LPT aa 6 LPT | OST SPL 8 99T | OLT £91 ie 3 Eee: “So 57} 8 BLT | S6T Z9T 9'6AT | LST =| €OL | 8 69T ig et eee | Balad S°29T | OST | PST | 8 “L2T | SST OLT G ‘99T 20F € ras og € 0G°€ | 6°L9T | O61 SPL 6 ELT | ST% OST Z'891 Me Ria! Oe ee eee GOST | Z9T SPT 89ST | OLT OST 8 ‘8ST ER AE Bes eo) pera €°S9L | PAT 09L OS '€ | OS'S | OF'E | S'SLT | OGT SST Ihr'S | OSE | 08'S | T'SZT | Sst O2T OTe "€ | OFS | 02'S | S*OLT | 62 SOT “S107 | “sul0d | “810g ‘ase | | e8e |. S18) "819 "310 “IOAY | i a | Pav USIH | “NOT *(spunod Rett OOT 10d) Ory AL 6 ON ait “oosTouBLy ULg | “smo't “4g 96ST | Z8L | Set 8 ‘eet € PST | 8ST GPL 9 ‘CPT LPP | OST OFT ¢ “9st PIPL | OST S&L Pb 68T 66ST | OLT SPT P 6ST OST O&T Z°SST | SST ‘| O&T SST SEL 8 °6FI | &ST tae SFT O&T 8 ‘SEI | SFT O&T SFL oe GSP | SOT cel SOT OFT & TOT | OLT SST OST O9T G GLI | SST POL GLT SST &99T | OST SST L°SST | O9T Sc £ G9T O°SZT | O8T Sor $ "99T “yr0aj0q PULACLs Cole) est |ost | za‘zet| cst | ont cot | ost [6 'tot | cat | ser OLT OST Geet | opt | OFT ot loor \oottt RA Be GLI Gots anes rele ane hacer OST AY) a pee Go ooo est OLT trttretfreteecefertre "819 8) "319 “SID ey6) “US1H | “MOT | 5, AY “poxIul Z “ON ‘osRoryO “Ty euUTOUID T‘OLT | S6T oct 8 ‘O9T | S9T oct 6 LST | SOT ocr 6 69T | SLT cor O°SLT | SLT ZT 9°PLT | SST OLT SST | S6T SOT 6'S8ZT | S6T tT Z°I9T | OLT TtI 6 OLT | SZT $2FT €°LL1 | OST LT 2°61 | S6L O6T 6681 | 261 |, SST. "819 | “810 | °810 *e38 |. Z ; spay | WIH | “SOT “moTTOA § "ON “10MIN “‘ponurjuo,)—s76I-S16r “jaysng wad aod appsajoy 4, :uLog—'g ATAV, ‘penupyaop—Nwoo “MOTTA Z ON s009"+=-gaq—dqng "7" -9un(-"Uuesr ‘ae Statistic3 of Corn. 457 CORN—Continued. TaBLeE 9.—Corn: Condition of crop, United States, on first of months named, 1898-1918. Year. |July.| Aug. |Sept.| Oct. || Year. | July.| Aug. ' ri | : | Sept.| Oct. | Year. | su. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. aes a ER od 70.5) b* 78. 2s “7503 1 LOL ai 6527) 62.1 |} 67:1 90.5 140.3 | 146.0 | 85.0] 61.9] 70.6] 70.7] 58.4) 64.7 | 52.6] 62.2 81.2 136.6 | 127.9 88.9 57.5 64.4 69.1 48.7 61.8 48.0 57.9 76.1 147.3 | 129.2 73.8 71.2 71.4 | 59.4 | 67.6 55.3 62.1 65.9} 80.3 TasieE 11.—Corn (including meal): International trade, calendar years 1909-13, 1916.1917. [Theitem maicena or maizena is included as ‘‘Corn and cornmeal.’’] GENERAL NOTE.—Substantially the international trade of the world. It should not be expected that the world export and import totals for any year will agree. Among sources of disagreement are these: (1) Different periods of time covered in the ‘‘year”’ of the various countries; (2) imports received in year subsequent to year of export; (3) want of uniformity in classification of goods among countries; (4) differ- ent practices and varying degrees of failure in recording countries of origin and ultimate destination; (5) different practices of recording reexported goods; (6) opposite methods of treating free ports; (7) clerical errors, which, it may be assumed, are not infrequent. The tied given are domestic exports, and the sa hy: given are imports for consumption as far as it is feasible and consistent so to express the facts. While there are some inevitable omissions, on the other hand, there are some duplications because of reshipments that do not appear as such in official reports. For the United Kingdom, import figures refer to imports for consumption, when available otherwise total imports, less exports, of ‘‘foreign and colonial merchandise.” Figures for the United States include Alaska, Porto Rico, and Hawaii. EXPORTS. [000 omitted.] , Average,| 1916 | 1917 || Average,| 1916 | 1917 Country. 1909-1913. | (prelim.) | (prelim. Country. 1909-1913. | (prelim.) | (prelim.) =20N— Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels. ee Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels. Argentina. ........-. 115,749 | . 113,143 |_......-.- Russia. foes. ee ssl: 30, 034 id Soba ere Austria-Hungary... BUST cosas acinar eats United States...... 45, 054 55, 237 57,014 IBelewm = 2.5... > ES See (sot arty cee Ce Us SPS Tee Eo = Sean oe Africa Fa pe 6,620: [bor tjoro Other countries....| 10,452 |.......... ROG: na See Mipariao-...-...-. BOT bes 2. ceeee eo NS | Netherlands........ 7 aby eee ) bees 5 8 id otal. ts: 53! 270: O80 '|- ef DU SOA eet Se [he eNORWE YY... caten 3 British South Africa 237 48 90 ii Portugal. <..acus <=. 8, 872 8,061 || Russia “Oy Re! eer eS jo eS Ferree Sweden m = = 5 — S 3 a, Vans United Kingdom... PEAS PS) | ee Other countries. . .. Pe EE pn TEMG cn x's rans 458 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. WHEAT. TABLE 12.—Wheat: Area and production of undermentioned countries, 1916-1918. Area. | Production. Country. 1916 1917 1918 1916 | 1917 1918 NORTH AMERICA. ; Acres. Acres. Acres. Bushas. Bushels. Bushels. United States .............- 52,316,000 | 45,089,000 | 59,110,000 | 636,318,000 | 636,655,000 | 917, 100,000 Canada: Pi New Brunswick.....-- 14, 000 16, 000 49, 000 242,000 192,000" |feeenete eee Ontario: sfena-seno~~ on 865, 000 770, 000 714, 000 17,931,000 | 16,318,000 |...-.....-.. Manitoba .. focscess-~ <= 2,726,000 | 2,449,000 | 2,984,000 29, 667, 000 , 040, 000: ee ceeeeeeee Saskatchewan........-- 9,032,000 | 8,273,000 | 9,249,000 | 147,559,000 | 117,921,000 |........2... Apert sc on cccasassscoms 2,695,000 | 2,897,000} 3,892,000 65,088,000 | 52,992,000 |............ GinGr ico cok oscasn tase 128, 000 "351, 000 465, 000 2, 294, 000 5, 280, 000: [occ eeeec ewes Total Canada........ 15,370,000 | 14,756,000 | 17,353,000 | 262,781,000 | 233,743,000 | 189, 301, 000 Mivelno.!. x ancct 2 -keeneeed (1) Cy wy lence dee 311, 468,009 |=.2--spsunee ee otal 2s. cov ees Sed ee eee Pale eae Le oe 910, 567,000 |=: -c-20 ove eae aoe SOUTH AMERICA Argentina.........--+------ 16,420,000 | 16,089,000 | 17,875,000 | 172,620,000 | 70,224,000 | 219, 431,000 Cini. 88 8907 8 ate ote oe 1,145,000 | 2x.~ cas anec] pwn etuaes 20; 184,000 | 24,067,000 | 28; 292; 000 Uraguay=6-25--¢ 5. agp cons 959, 000 780,000 | 1,014,000 9, 867, 000 5,390,000 | 12, 860,000 Weis] ate tena ae 18;513,000 ee one oe ere ace 202, 671, 000 9 9, 681; 000 [2 eaeeeeees ° i — EUROPE. / Austria-Hungary: | AUSWIG S «sc cab sean ae 475588000 [Pou sctectee) sec eceeeee 428, 286, 000. |... 5 20a0'enso 5 eee Hungary proper......-. 48,988; 000- 15. . act Severe | a Soe Saag 4152, 934,,000:|2 : suf 2-422 Croatia-Slavonia...-..-.- 8 741, 000 | Aa ae gee Eee ARIE 415,000, 000: |... 2-2 -0= Gane Bosnia-Herzegovina....| © 320,000 |............ pe nenee meee 43,000, 000 [es loess 2 Total Austria-Hun- | PALV > Sects. weoen eee TOP 957; OOO ek eat 2 eee eee 4199; 220, 000' |-°3. 52... sce te eee are Belgtat 2b Pe 6 400,000 |......------ {ace mene 48,000,000 |.......-.--.- Pree Sekt uPAR, 5. doin a ie iea ene 62 898, 000 |... -.-4--ncseebeereecees 38, 241;'000"|:°= <3. ceanee PE P95 520 eM Denar 2222 ee 152,000 131, 050 141, 000 6,044,000 | 4,296, 000 6,320,000 Finfands.o0s. scl ate eceep |. TO, 000) coon a. eee neat eee 6.196, 000. |... ss coker clea eee 5 France’ ¢ 439, 11,927,000] 204, 908, 000 , 149, 000/122 ees ee Germany . 41 Greece Italy ; a6; 368, 000 Luxemburg 27,000 22,000 24,000 433, 000 388, 000 *512,000 Netherlands...............- 136, 000 122,000 143,000 4,035,000 | 3,452,000 | 4,823,000 NOCWO Gs os. 22s ee 14,000 20,000 20, 000 317, 000 432,000 |....2 yest S PORMIPALS 0 cis oO Eee Oe SS ee EEE ESS Russia: | | Russia proper.......... 425080;000 |e cessco secs.) one 440, 082, 000 |. cov accesses} semen ala wees POMN ls soba babrahc’ elem ¥)15 812; 000" ese: cous ez | ii adetaatte 8 24,011, 000.| image oc ~ «onc eee sae Northern Caucasia. ....|410,021,000 |.........--. bP SEY. 4,127,631, 000j1- ack eee tee ae 5 Wage ‘ Total Russia, Euro- ) DORR «i o3 neav eAdael 59, 808, O00: ]i2 Me aasaenl den. cntconns 501, 724, 000 |: ...:..guuanelai it Aka Loop Se ee es 6 573,000 Jf igh ETS ae x eee 410, 000, O00'l: 3¢..ccunenaee 135, 709, 000 Pesca. tics lace, qq>S>o>ooccr jeje —| st late Dota Souci: -.< deaedl inn. sR lbeias aH ehee lies |1, 609, 504, 000 wwe danas vie _————— | _____—_ —___ ___e__ __________ 1 No official estimates. 4 Figures for 1915, 7 Figures for 1910, : 2 Figures for 1907. 6 Figures for 1914, 8 Excludes heer occupied by the enemy, Galicia and Bukowina notincluded, 6 Figuresfor 1913, 9 Figures for 19 Statistics of Wheat. | 459 WHEAT—Continued. TaBLe 12.—Wheat: Area and production of undermentioned countries, 1916-1918— Con. Area. | M Productiun. Country. ; ; 1916 1917 1918 | 1916 1917 1918 Z ae rs Fj Acres. Acres. Acres. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. British India}. .....-.=.---- 30, 320, 000 | 32,940,000 | 35,497,000 | 323,008,000 | 379,232,000 379, 829, 000 (CyMEOR--.-5----4-22-0----2 (*) (2). veihall 2 ~ =< 0== 1,304,000 | 1,393,000 | 1,486,000 30, 137, 000 34,739,000 31, 127,000 14,000 |. a 138, 000 3 6, 146, 000 | ussia: Central Asia (4 govern- IPMIB OL) 2d2<2.5-~=4- 35,421,000 |....--------'------------| #44, 132,000 |.-.....-.---.'-..--------- Siberia (4 governments Lb = a a a a OT, 721,080 12 eo e see oem e= = Briss, OO bse oas sas sel aee o-oo Transcaucasia (1 gov- : Sremienit ross 20-2 -- - BIO SMO NS onan ae se te Jrseeeeeeeeee fe 11) Beer eee be Ree Sel AUSTRALASIA, | Australia: ) MepusIand 3... 25..-- -- 94,000 | 427, 000 eA, OOD Foo nes ew South Wales....-- 4,189,000 68,869,000 | 36,585,000 |.........--- A oC AN 3, 680, 000 60,366,000 | 51,162,000 |............ South Australia....-.--- 2,739, 000 35,210,000 | 45,745,000 |.-.-.......- Western Australia.....- 1, 734, 000 18,811,000 | 16,103,000 |........-.-.-- (agmania s2-:/.2.-.--.. 49,000 | 1, 025, 000 BeOS ees ete oS Ske Ea lopeeecasse es NP ee BR Ea ae Bee Rae Se OOM Nos Total Australia......- | 12,485, 000 | 184, 709,000 | 152,420,000 | 114,866,000 New Zealand..........--.-- | 329,000 7,108,000 | 5,083,000 | 6,761,000 ne ciate sain radia Cea eeeaal) Sa ceene ce) DA ee Pe eee Total Australasia.....| 12,814,000 191,817,000 | 157,503,000 | 121, 627,000 Grand total........-- Rete ty <2) i ae Se ial Se Th I, 701, 333, 000 |.....-.-.00.- oem «bie : : —E—————————————— ee ___ EE 1 Includes Native States. 2Noofficial estimates. * Figures for 1915. 4 Figures for 1911. 460 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. WHEAT—Continued. TABLE 13.—Wheat: Total production of countries named in Table 12, 1891-1916. Year. | Production. | Year. Production. ! Year. Production. | Year. pce — er eer atest aati: aca > “All Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. 1891....| 2, 432,322,000 || 1898..... 2, 948, 305,000 || 1905..... 3, 327, 084,000 || 1912-.... 1892....} 2,481, 805,000 |] 1899..... 2,783, 885,000 || 1906..... 3, 434, 354, 000 || 1913..... 1893....| 2,559,174, 000 || 1900..... 2,610, 751,000 || 1907..... 3, 133, 965, 000 || 1914.,... 1894....| 2,660,557, 000 || 1901..... 2) 955,975,000 |} 1908..... 3, 182, 105,000 || 1915..... 1895....| 2, 593,312,000 |] 1992..... 3,090, 116, 000 || 1999... 3,581,519, 000 || 1916..... 1895....| 2, 506,320,000 |} 1903.....] 3, 189,813,000 |} 1910..... 3, 575, 055, 000 | 1897....| 2, 236,268,000 || 1904..... 3, 163, 542,000 |} 1911... _. 3, 551, 795, 000 _ r —_ — Ju TaBLE 14.—Wheat: Average yield per acre in undermentioned countries, 1890-1918. , Russia United Tes United , Ger- -. | Hungary rik Year. Bites : aie many.1 Austria. proper.t France.? xing. Averate: Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels. TROO-18909 5s ke cs 13.2 8.9 24.5 16.2. 1S = wos 18.6 31.2 TEU 3 seco 5 aoe oe 14.1 9.7 28.9 18.0 17.5 20.5 33.1 TO ae tt ac seen 14.8 10.3 31.7 20.8 18.6 19.1 32.4 ct EE pepe her g oes ont ae PA -* 15.5 dard’ 30.3 20.3 22.5 20.2 34.8 gL 8 7 eee RET be ew KE = 14.0 8.0 29.6 18.0 14.9 2.2 3oae1 Ce i ak a oak Bee 14.0 8.8 29.7 21.0 17.5 19.6 33.4 TNs core ss tenes Soak ve eee 15.4 12.5 30.5 19.9 14.1 22.0 35.0 SOG So net oo eee eee 13.9 11.2 29.6 19.2 19.8 15.9 31.4 oon ah cary oii a aa 12.5 7.0 30.6 19.6 20.9 19.8 34.0 SG Rec oe et Be ee ee oe coe Ree 15.9 10.3 33.6 22.3 19.8 21.0 30.0 i oe oes Pes coe re 15.2 13:5 35.1 19.9 19.6 19.9 32.7 (1 1, Series eR ee Gy rt Sn Se ee 16.6 9.4 29.6 22.9 1B 18.9 33.8 AGEs 5 5c Sood os lene saat oe 17.0 11.6 28.6 17.8 18.4 16.6 32.7 Wise t Boe on eae dans cote 12. 2 le caceus cn a) a enw cea sicll ee emer ere ae 16.5 30.0 LOU ares cake ss ee, Pe PALA os oe say | Li ene ae anne Lis Aye 113.8 31.5 1GI9- odie be ea ee ee Tein Rien ee [faeces | ee eee | i dd wecness| naan re 1 Bushels of 60 pounds. 2 Winchester bushels. TABLE 15.—Wheat: Acreage, production, value, exports, etc., in the United States, 1849-1918. Norte.—Figures in italics are census returns; figures in roman are estimates of the Départment of Agri- culture. Estimates of acres are obtained by applying estimated percentages of increase or decrease to the published numbers of the praceding year, except that a revised baseis used for applying percentage estimates whenever hew census data are available. Chicago cash price per bushel, No. Lnorthern Aver- spring. Domestic | Per ) A ver- Pay ae e epi iens Ww , Acreage age : vata Farm value! ... >, . ace Nee. Year. | ,2"18S5© |-yield| Production. | price . flour, fiscal | crop harvested. per per Dee. 1. Teéam tee, eos year tl axe acre. bushel we i g |port- Dee.1 uly 1. ed. | | Low. | High.| Low. | High. Acres Bus’ Bushels. Cents.| Dollars. Cts. | Cts. ; Cts. | Cts. | Bushels. |P.ct. (PTE 2 es Bert 3 | 10D) 4SGMNOO”). . 2. a dlevnsenkuseaadlducuws|Gneewelee eee [sews 7,535,901 | 7.5 LOOT STE e oie os ve cal ded woe | 173,105;000 |....... LCOSe aka ee eka fauh se eee teers es 17, 213,133 | 9.9 1866. eT 15,424,000 | 9.9 | 152,000,000 | 152.7 | 232,110,000 | 129 | 145 | 185 | 211 | 12,646,941] 8.3 1867. ..| 18,322,000 | 11.6 | 212,441,000 | 145.2 | 308,387,000 | 126 | 140 | 134 | 161 | 26,323,014 | 12.4 1868... 18,460,000 | 12.1 | 224,037,000 | 108.5 | 243,033,000 | 80 88 87 96 | 29,717,201 | 13.3 1869... 19,181,000 | 13.6 | 260,147,000 | 76.5 | 199,025,000 | 63 76 | 79 | 92 | 58,900,780 | 20.7 IUD Ca ioeeac ashes buaces 287, THGGOO0 |..cnacd\eessvccvevavilvebuccles de cultck asian Sp Fade 1870. 4. bee 12.4 235,885,000 | 94.4 | 222,767,000 | 91 98 113 120 | 52,574,111 | 22.3 1871... 19,944,000 | 11.6 | 230,722,000 | 114.5 | 264,076,000 | 107 | 111 | 120 | 143 | 38,995,755 | 16.9 1872. ..| 20,858,000 | 12.0 | 249,997,000 | 111.4 | 278,522,000 | 97 | 108 | 112 | 122 | 52,014,715 | 20.8 1873... 22,172,000 | 12.7 | 281,255,000 | 105.9 | 300,670,000 | 96 | 106 | 105 | 114 | 91,510,398 oe 12.3 | 3 1874...) 24,967,000 308, 103,000 | 86.3 } 265,881,000! 78 | 83 | 78 | 94 | 72,912,817 Statistics of Wheat. 461 WHEAT—Continued. TaBLeE 15.—Wheat: Acreage, production, value, exports, etc., in the United States, 1849-1918—Continued. Chicago cash price per bushel, No. 1 northern Aver- spring. Domestic | Per Aver- pee ge in- yr Acreage | 280 - arm | Farm value CUS. 418 Year. . ield| Production. | price flour, fiscal |cro harvested. far Pp * Cy a es ey aby a ede vey acre. bushel on beginning |port- Dec. 1. $$ —_ fn )©6 July 1. ed. Acres. |Bush.| Bushels. Cents.| Dollars. Cts. | Cts. | Cts: | Cts. | Bushels. |P.ct. 1875. ..| 26,382,000 | 11.1 | 292,136,000] 89.5 | 261,397,000] 82 | 91 | 89 | 100 | 74,750,682 | 25.6 1876...) 27,627,000 | 10.5 | 289,356,000 | 97.0 | 280,743,000 | 104 117 130 | 172 | 57,043,936 | 19.7 1877. -.| 26,278,000 | 13.9 | 364,194,000 | 105.7 | 385,089,000 | 103 108 98 113. | 92,141, 626 | 25.3 1878. . -| 32,109,000 | 13.1 420, 122, 000 77.6 | 325,814,000 | 81 84 91 102 150, 502, 506 | 35.8 1879. . -| 32,546,000 | 13.8 | 448,757,000 | 110.8 | 497,030,000 | 122 133% | 1124 | 119 180,304, 181 40.2 re Tit. Oi 09. kee. 000 | Palais sn dnn smo bone ne lates] e=sees|s<-ocel-wccewaccene ) eee 1880...) 37,987,000 | 13.1 498,550,000 | 95.1 | 474,202,000 | 934 | 1093 ; 101 1128 |186, 321,514 | 37.4 1881. . .| 37,709,000 | 10.2 | 383,280,000 | 119.2 | 456,880,000 | 1243 | 129 | 123 | 140 |121;892)329 | 31.8 1882. . .| 37,067,000 | 13.6 | 504,185,000 | 88.4 | 445,602,000 | 914 | 94% | 108 | 1132 |147,811,316 | 29.3 1883. ..| 36,456,000 | 11.6 | 421,086,000 | 91.1 | 383,649,000 ot 991 | 85 | 944 [111,534,182 | 26.5 1884...) 39,476,000 | 13.0 |. 512,765,000 | 64.5 | 330,862,000 | 69 7 85% | 90} [132,570,366 | 25.9 1885. ..| 34,189,000 | 10.4 | 357,112,000 | 77.1 | 275,320,000 | 827 | 89 724 7 94,565,793 | 26.5 1886... 36,806,000 | 12.4 | 457,218,000 | $8.7 | 314,226,000 | 752 79% | 80% | 882 |153, 804,969 | 33.6 1887. . .| 37,642,000 | 12.1 | 456,329,000} 68.1 | 310,613,000 | 752 794 "814 | 892 {119,625,344 | 26.2 1888. . .| 37,336,000 | 11.1] 415,868,000 | 92.6 | 385,248,000 | 96% | 1054 as 95} | 88,600,743 | 21.3 1889. . .| 38,124,000 | 12.9 | 490,560,000 | 69.8 | 342,492,000 | 763 | 80} | 89% | 100 |109)430,467 22.3 Pore. 000-18. 8 li AOS STL 000 |... soe- | -- 2s. nc ee [abe =~ nfo vocttfeoewec|2 cnn dfese es cece ccdi owns 1890. . .| 36,087,000 | 11.1 | 399,262,000 | 83.8 | 334,774,000 | 874 | 92% | 982% | 1084 |106,181,316 | 26.6 1891. ..| 39,917,000 | 15.3 | 611,781,000 | 83.9 | 513,473,000 so 934 | 80 | 85% [225,665,811 | 36.9 1892. ..| 38,554,000 | 13.4 | 515,947,000 | 62.4 | 322,112,000 | 694 | 73 | 684] 764 |191/912'635 | 37.2 1893. . .| 34,629,000 | 11.4 | 396,132,000 | 53.8 | 213,171,000 | 593 644 524 604 |164, 283,129 | 41.5 1894. . .| 34,882,000 | 13.2} 460,267,000 | 49.1 | 225,902,000 | 523 | 63g | 60} | 853 |1447812)718 | 31.5 1895. ..| 34,047,000 | 13.7 | 467,103,000 | 50.9 | 237,939,000 | 533 64 574 | 67§ |126, 443,968 | 27.1 1896. . .| 34,619,000 | 12.4 | 427,684,000 | 72.6 | 310,598,000 | 743 | 932 97% |145, 124,972 | 33.9 1897. . .| 39,465,000 | 13.4 | 530,149,000 | 80.8 | 428,547,000 | 92 | 109 | 117 85 |217,306,005 | 41.0 1898. ..| 44,055,000 | 15.3 | 675,149,000 | 58.2 | 392,770,000 | 623| 70 | 68% | 794 |222'618,420 | 33.0 1899. ..| 44,593,000 | 12.3 | 547,304,000 | 58.4 | 319,545,000 | 64 |. 694 | 63%] 67% |186,096,762 | 34.0 ee eee OOP 179. 5i1 G58, G54, O00) to |b pies once e leer nce|oannc-|-oo-oeft-nseeleen--cceees bah 1900. ..| 42,495,000 | 12.3 | 522,230,000} 61.9 | 323,515,000 | 693] 748 | 70 | 75% [215,990,073 | 41.4 1901. . .} 49,896,000 | 15.0 748,460,000 | 62.4 | 467,360,000 73 79% 72 764 |234, 772,516 | 31.4 1902...) 46, 202,000 | 14.5; 670,063,000 | 63.0 ; 422,224,000 | 712 74 7 202,905,598 | 30.3 1903. . .| 49,465,000 | 12.9 | 637,822,000] 69.5 | 443,025,000 | 773] 87 | 873 101} |120, 727, 613 | 18.9 1904. ..| 44,075,000 | 12.5 | 552,400,000 | 92.4 | 510,490,000 | 115 | 122 | 894 | 1133 | 44/112'910| 8.0 1905. . .| 47,854,000 | 14.5 | 692,979,000] 74.8 | 518,373,000 | 82| 90 | s04 | 873 | 97,609,007 | 14.1 1906. . -} 47,306,000 | 15.5 | 735,261,000 | 66.7 | 490,333,000 |......}...... 84 106/146, 700,425 | 20.0 1907. ..| 45,211,000 | 14.0} 634,087,000 85% 1: Sbe 867, 000 toe lo ah 163,043, 669 | 25.7 1908. . .| 47,557,000 | 14.0 | 664,602,000 | 92.8 | 616,826,000 | 1064 | 112- | 1264 | 137°" |114) 268; 468 | 17.2 ee ul tr ied, 000'| fo.8 | tar, 180,000 | 22... jo. omen eee ]e---e- | spe ce RS gel (Oe a ae hee ge eee) Ee 1909. . -| 44,262,000 | 15.4} 683,379,000 | 98.6 | 668,680,000 | 106 } 1193 | 100 | 119) | 87,364,318 , 12.8 19101. .| 45,681,000 | 13.9 | 635,121,000 | 88.3 | 561,051,000 | 104 | 110 98 106 | 69,311,760 | 10.9 1911. . | 49,543,000 | 12.5 621, 338, 000 87.4 | 543,063,000 | 105 110 115 122 79, 689,404 | 12.8 1912. . -| 45,814,000 | 15.9 | 730,267,000 | 76.0 | 555,280,000 | "85 | 902 | 90) | 96 |142)879)596 | 19.6 1913. . .| 50,184,000 | 15.2 | 763,380,000 | 79.9 | 610,122,000} 894) 93 | 96 | 100 |145,590/349 | 19.1 1914. ..| 53,541,000 | 16.6 | 891,017,000 | 98.6 | 878,680,000 | 115 | 131 | 141 | 164} [332) 464,975 | 37.3 1915. . .| 60, 469,000 | 17.0 |1, 025,801,000 | 91.9 | 942,303,000 | 106 | 128) | 116 | 126 243,117,026 | 23.7 1916...) 52,316,000 | 12.2 | 636,318,000 | 160.3 |1,019,968,000 | 1554 | 190 258 | 340 (203,573,928 | 32.0 1917. ..| 45,089,000 | 14.1 636, 655,000 | 200.8 |1,278,112,000 | 220 | 220 | 220 | 220 132,579, 533 | 20.8 1918. . .| 59,110,000 | 15.5} 917,100,000 | 204.4 |1,874,623,000 | 220 | 220 |......J......].........22./. 008. 1 Figures adjusted to census basis. 462 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. WHEAT—Continued, TABLE 16.—Wheat: Revised acreage, production, and farm value, 1879, and 1889-1909. [See head note of Table 4.] , Ave Acreage har- | “Yerage ‘ arm -| Farm value Year. yield Production. | price per vested. per acre. bushel Dec. 1. Dee. 1. Acres. Bushels. Bushels. Cents. Dollars. 35, 430,000 14.1 496, 435, 000 110. 6 549, 219, 000 33, 580,000 12.9 434, 383, 000 69.5 301, 869, 000 34, 048, 000 11.1 378, 097, 000 83.3 315, 112,000 37, 826, 000 15.5 584, 504, 000 83. 4 487, 463,000 39, 552, 000 13.3 | 527, 986, 000 62, 2 328, 329, 000 | 37, 934, 000 11.3 427, 553, 000 53.5 228, 599, 000 39, 425, 000 13.1} 516,485,000 48.9 252, 709, 000 40, 848, 000 13.9 569, 456, 000 50. 3 , 539, 000 43, 916, 000 12.4 544, 193, 000 71.7 390, 346, 000 46, 046, 000 13.3 | 610, 254, 000 80. 9 493, 683, 000 51, 007, 000 15.1 772, 163, 000 58.2 449, 022, 000 52,589,000 12.1 636, 051, 000 58. 6 372, 982, 000 51, 387, 000 11.7 602, 708, 000 62. 0 373, 578, 000 52, 473, 000 15.0 789, 538, 000 62.6 494, 096, 000 49, 649, 000 14.6 724, 528, 000 63. 0 456, 530, 000 51, 632, 000 12.9 664, 543, 000 69. 5 461, 605, 000 47, 825, 000 12.5 596, 375, 000 92. 4 551, 128, 000 49, 389, 000 14.7 726, 384, 000 74.6 542, 119, 000 47, 800, 000 15.8 757, 195, 000 66. 2 501,355, 000 45, 116, 000 14.1 637, 981, 000 86. 5 552, 074, 000 45, 970, 000 14.0 644, 656, 000 92. 2 594, 092, 000 44, 262,000 15.8 700, 434, 000 98, 4 | 689, 108, 000 TasLe 17.—Winter and spring wheat: Acreage, production, and farm value Dec. 1, by States in 1918, and United States totals, 1890-1917. (000 omitted.] | Winter wheat. Spring wheat. Acre- Aver- Aver- Aver- Aver- State. age Acre- age age sown | age | 28°.|Produc-| farm] F@™™ | Acre | 28°, | Produc-| farm | Farm in pre har- mee tion. price sue age san tion. price we ceding | vested.| P ec. a Pp ec. — fall. acre. 13 acre. ¥ 1918 Acres. | Acres. | Bu. | Bush Cts. | Dollars. | Acres. | Bu. | Bush. | Cts. | Dollars. 5, Riccdsaahds ty RIM pram Borg: RAED SS i3|22.0| 300/981 | ore Vege wage wage wlc.ap wwe |S ccs pew lalltale & asl ae OR iy aie Hae Sal q Sy eae 450 380 | 18.0 | 6,840 |215 14, 706 50 | 20.0 | 1,000 |215 2, 150 | A ee a eR 106 100 | 17.0 1,700 |215 3, 656 |. scscis'eu|odce nolan mine eee sikexnasore é ry Nae RAED 1,530 | 1,454 | 17.0] 24,718 |214 BB, 007 loncs2ccsioeeee aS 3 8 OK BA Deki aite pane ae 146 133 | 13.0 1, 729 |222 8, 888 || dsc cael Coma eee til dhd dadloomea & be gee aes 770 732 | 15.5 | 11,346 |219 24, SAS |.auscods |-ccconpiesiean bata dudte taint af Vato 1,313 | 1,300] 12.0 | 15,600 |219 $4,004 tea. eee | waat| Scones semen ~widltome ake Wis aie ata care 355 348 | 14.2 4,942 |221 10, 922. | icn'esa| dian nel ane Pri eerry, treet.) N: Cysrewratbeses 1, 085 | 1,015 | 7.0 7,105 |230 16, 042 |. .....050[a snobs eenaweeien caunleapes eA We Bae Ales 210| 205/11.0| 2,255 |260 5, 868 | -2css0n0| nue a2] Seen édsaihe dapat Orcs chew anys 400 | 356 | 10.2 3,631 |266 0,658 | ...cscccelass==s)ac me uaeineraen dnsltseasent 0 i ee a 2,350 | 2,275 | 19.0 | 43,225 |212 91, 637 15 | 21.5 322 |212 683 Id iiiessccpese« 2,370 | 2,346 | 21.0] 49,266 |208 102,473 7 | 23.0 161 |208 335 (71 HRIEE 52 SORES HS 2,602 | 2,524 | 21.5 | 54,266 |208 112, 873 250 | 26.9 | 6,725 |208 13, 988 - Ml ssasbankste 941 715 | 14.0} 10,010 |209 20,921 39 | 18.1 706 |209 1,476 : OE ee 112 58 | 22.0| 1,276 |205 2,616 | 348 | 24.6 | 8, 561 [205 17, 550 9 qinn---s-s--7-| 08 | — 980,| 30-8 | 71a (200 | 127300 | °7450| 18:0 | 13%600 (200 | 277000 DO i Nemehenasah 3,120 | 3,074 | 17.2) 52,873 |205 108, 390 18 | 15.6 281 |205 576 WB, DaKcvecocaclovorecs-lecnnksanidunnen|cnes te taslinscydie eae 7,770 | 13.0 | 101,010 |203 | 205,050 By Dabastnrease 135 115 | 17.0 1,955 |199 8,890 | 3,650 | 19.0 | 69,350 |199 138, 006 OW ooo cnatuce 3,135 | 3,016 | 11.1 | 33,478 |197 65, 952 812 | 11.9] 9,663 |197 19, 036 i ees ee 9,897 | 7,217 | 14.1 | 101,760 /199 202, 502 31 | 8.0 248 (199 Bf esvenevceanks 952 3.0 | 12,129 |214 96, 066) |i nas nccnlennsas|e smerean jivabal banaue ‘ Statistics of Wheat. WHEAT—Continued. 463 TasLe 17.—Winter and spring wheat: Acreage, production, and farm value Dec. 1, by States in 1918, and United States totals, 1890-1917—-Continued. [000 omitted.] Winter wheat. Spring wheat. : ‘ Acre- Aver- | Aver- State. age | Acre- reveal age | Farm eon | age | p sown | age |.28°.|Produc-|farm| <3 Acre- | 288 | Produc-| farm| +27 in pre-| _har- aa tion. price A ae age. oi tion. | price uae ceding | vested acre. ee: acts. | EEE ———— | ee — EEE B.S baer es.) | - Acres. ; Acres. | Bu. | Bush. | Cts. | Dollars. | Acres. | Bu. | Bush. | Cts. | Dottars, eed ed et id eee eee oe A, Be 30 | 16.5] 7495 |250 RAN Tre tr, 1, 622 892 | 10.0 8,920 |215 Bs Ee see AP oa lls oe 7 ee ee 7 ee ee, eerie a erga 260 254 | 12.0 SHAS Osi eh 6) OLB08 RS sos. oc lorsssoles tor ddoafecee os [oss et eee 775 | 682|12.0| 87184 |194 33, 465 87 80 | 24.0 1,920 |189 8,845 585 | 430 | 16.5| 7,095 |195 12 168 140 127 10.0 1,270 |210 4,334 44 38 | 26.0 One: Teateew (0s BP arise etl. 2s Base 2 se 2 eee he 165| 160| 16.6] 2,656 |188 8 75159 5 5 | 29.0 145 206 0 1, 906 315 298 | 22.0 6, 556 (192 -0 | 22, 055 422 401 | 23.5 9,424 196 18,471 1,790 | 9.5 17,005 196 33, 330 650 | 635 | 17.0| 10/795 |201 217698 | 7403 | 11.0| 47.433 j201 8/910 633 506 | 15.0 (4 216 Le, Ot ae ee CE Ree eee eee bosaSteres SS a) lies ah ee et ee de oll eee Pao aia eevee 42, 301 | 36,704 | 15.2 | 555, 449 |206.7 |1, 154, 200 | 22, 406 | 16.0 | 358,651 [200.9 | 720, 493 40,534 | 27,257 | 15.1 | 412,901 |202.8 | 837,237 | 17,832 | 12.5 | 223,754 197-0 | 440,875 39, 203 | 34,709 | 13.8 | 480,553 |162.7 | 781,906 | 17,607 | 8.8 | 155,765 |152.8 | 238, 062 42” 881 | 417308 | 16.3 | 673,947 | 94.7 | 6387149 | 19° 161 | 18.4 | 351,854 | 86.4 | 304,154 1914......,.....| 37,128 | 36,008 | 19.0 | 684,990 | 98.6 | 675,623 | 17,533 | 11.8 | 206,027 | 98.6 | 203, 057 a 33,618 | 31,699 | 16.5 | 523,561 | 82.9 | 433/995 | 18,485 | 13.0 | 239/819 | 73.4 | 176,127 ut 33,215 | 26,571 | 15.1 | 399,919 | 80.9 | 323,572 | 19,243 | 17.2 | 330,348 | 70.1 | 231,708 1911-..-...-....| 32,648 | 29,162 | 14.8 | 430,656 | 88.0 | 379,151 | 20,381 9.4 | 190,682 | 86.0 | 163,912 UO eee 31, 656 | 27, 329 15.9 | 434,142 | 88.1 382, 318 | 18,352 | 11.0 | 200,979 | 88.9 | 178,733 Tt 7 a eens 29, 301 | 27,151 | 15.5 | 419,733 |102.4 | 4267184 | 17111 | 15.4 | 263,646 | 92.5 | 2427 496 1908. 27222222272] 312646 | 307349 | 14:4 | 437908 | 93.7 | 410/330 | 17,208 | 13.2 | 226/694 | 91.1 | 206, 496 = ae 31,665 | 28,132 | 14.6 | 409, 442 | 88.2 | 361,217 | 17,079 | 13.2 | 224,645 | 86.0 | 193, 220 te Or 31,312 | 29,600 | 16.7 | 492,888 | 68.3 336,435 | 17,706 | 13.7 | 242,373 | 63.5 | 153, 898 CES ee i 31,155 | 29,864 | 14.3 | 428, 463 | 78.2 334,987 | 17,990 | 14.7 | 264,517 | 69.3 | 183, 386 Ue 31, 26,866 | 12.4 | 332,935 | 97.8 | 325,611 | 17,209 | 12.8 | 219,464 | 84.2 | 184,879 i is ow Cee 34,071 | 32,511 | 12.3 | 399,867 | 71.6 | 286,243 | 16,954 | 14.0 | 237,955 | 65.9 | 156, 782 (| SA 32, 432 | 28,581 | 14.4 | 411,789 | 64.8 | 266,727 | 17,621.| 14.7 | 258,274 | 60.2 | 155,497 che ae ee ee 30, 283 | 30,240 | 15.2 | 458,835 | 66.1 303,227 | 19,656 | 14.7 | 289,626 | 56.7 | 164, 133 Lee eee eee 30, 883 | 26,236 | 13.3 | 350,025 | 63.3 | 221,668 | 16,259 | 10.6 | 172,204 | 59.1 | 101,847 1899............| 29,954 | 25, 358 | 11.5 | 291,706 | 63.0 | 183,767 | 19,235 | 13.3 | 255,598 | 53.1 | 135,778 1898. ...........| 27, 642 | 25,745 | 14.9 | 382’ 492 | 62.2 | 2377736 | 18/310 | 16.0 | 292657 | 53.0 | 155, 034 LEV nye aa 24, 765 | 22,926 | 14.1 | 323,616 | 85.1 | 275,323 | 16,539 | 12.5 | 206,533 | 74.2 | 153,224 1896... ........| 23,383 | 22; 794 | 11:8 | 267,934 | 77.0 | 206,270 | 11,825 | 13.5 | 159, 750 | 65.3 | 104,328 7 a anime 247224 | 22’ 609 | 11.6 | 261,242 | 57-8 | 150,944 | 11/438 | 18.0 | 205,861 | 42.3 | 86,995 Ube a Be 21,553 | 23,519 |.14.0 | 329,290 | 49.8 164,022 | 11,364 | 11.5 | 130,977 | 47.2 61, 880 ali Lig Eee a ope ape 23,118 | 12.0 | 278, 469 | 56.3 156,720 | 11,511 | 10.2 | 117,662 | 48.0 | 56,451 em ee 26,209 | 13.7 | 359,416 | 65.1 | 2347037 | 127345 | 12.7 | 156,531 | 56.3 | 88,075 v7 US rea Beep 27,524 | 14.7 | 405,116 | 88.0 | 356,415 | 12/393 | 16.7 | 206,665 | 76.0 | 157,058 cb psy Eeenned aes 24,359 | 23, 520 10.9 | 255,374 | 87.5 | 223,362 | 12,567 | 11.4 | 143,890 { 77.4 ) 111,411 1 Census acreage and production. 464 W HEAT—Continued. Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TaBLe 18.—Winter and spring wheat: Yield per acre in States producing both, for 10 years. WINTER WHEAT. fae / Yield per acre (bushels). ee : ere State. 10-year | / aver., | 1909 | 1910 1911 | 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 | 1918 1909- | 1918, ! | ) New York....-. 2-2. Seeasste | pete aes cat em RE | PEP ren he A 21.0] 18.0 FO) 01 (1 a a gt? ESS ey emer ee peace tot eead lee 5 ln. -cgiecleoceean|oe sees ane 22.0} 19.0 Indiana... 215. Sophos 2 |. eee eee ee eee Geraia ah te oreeke Jina + oc ac) oie ae ono bein 3 er 18.5} 21.0 Wings. .2. 5 been awn leo eases oe oo al ee ee es Pee eee meee 18.5 | 21.5 MIGHiPGI.. 2 oc ope wa cacd eee ee onan eee re -| ea ee oe |5 oews.ael exh Balloo en ele 18.0} 14.0 WISCONSIN os oe | 20.7 | 20.4} 20.01 17:5 | 19.5 | 20.1} 21.5). 23:008 19. Oca eanee PAIN TIOSOS hs oon seas enee CL Pe ee Heer Pe 16.2 | 19.5} 19.5| 14.0] 18.0] 20.0 TOW sca Sa ee ee 1) 20534). 216 ete 19.7 | 23.0] 23.4 21.6.| 21.5). 18-6) a2¢@04) 26.5 MARSVONI Sere es aoe \Gueavad Yeeunan irises cage Tate ee ap on CoiGeaenee 1b.3,|, 16.2 South Dakota......... 15451 so... | paealasoee od | ec 9.0} 14.0} 20.5] 18.5] 14.0] 17.0 Nebraska. . 222-232 4. | 16.7 19.4 16.5 13.8 18.0 18.6 19.3 18.5! 20.0 W.07)" Tet eansns. --. 26) see oe |} 13.9 14.5 14.2 10.8 15.5 13.0%} 2045 12. 5uls 12.0% eee 14.1 BROHtRHORR 2 Son cee > eens 2300 32.5 | 22,0 | 31.7 | 24.5} 25.6) 23.0) 2750ile 2ivb eeeeeeee MAT ORNINE 5 cst 2 od etc = | pape 32.5 | 25.0] 26.0} 28.0] 25.0] 24.0] 26.0] 21.0] 20.0} 24.0 OploradO: - anne saat es 22.7 | 29.7 | 28.0] 18.0} 24.5] 21.1) 25.0] 26:0:)) 20;0)) oe Gries New Mexico........... 1826 ss. 6 20.0} 25.0] 20.0 18.6 | 25.0] 22.0} 16.5; 10.0} 10.0 1 tT eg tae nie See Sade 1.2 24.0] 20-5] 20.0] 24.0] 23.0] 25.0] 25.0| 20.0] 14.0); 16.6 Navada.s:--28:- see 25.6 | 24.0] 24.0) 23.0] 27.5] 23.0] 29.0] 26.0| 24.5] 26.0); 29.0 BPAY Soot eee 26.1 29.0 25. 0 31.5 28.7 |, 27.4 27.5 29.0 24.0 18.0 | 22.0 Washington 25.4 25.8 | 20.5 |). 27.3) 27.6) 27.0 |. 26.5)) 27056.) ecb eee onan Oregon......- : oe 21.9 21.0 28% @ 22.2 26.8 21.4 22.0} 24.0 23.0 Vip 17.0 United States....) 15.8] 15.8) 15.9 | 14.8] 15.1| 16.5 | 19.0] 16.3] 13.8] 15.1] 15.2 SPRING WHEAT. ane fir a Now York. 22... 222 sos] - 2 ae ee s| nnn oa [> lees olan wan |ee Ieee ee 0 | 21.0} 20.0 OMiGses oh. coon! eee. kee 2 | sara s ab | palate well etek ah de detehs lo teh ae eee ls 400 gabe dane ee 21.5 Wridlans. ..3ssc.e teat eee / see oue Weasigtsnes / gules seslpc o aatee ea ace ee leea eee ) Jxcvegl lavas -| 20.0] 23.0 Winois.s .!3 6 sce Setters Peace Jes cen [eee law's aivia'n oie o.o.ns [oO tole pete outta fae een 25.0} 26.9 Michilgani: <<. >.i5.35.5.leeeennee [SRA Ee Looks PS) ey see |s ove cenlassbecele escent a= 17.77 |'> 18.4 Wisconsin s . oo. freon 19.1 19.0} 18. 14. 18.5] 18.6 | 17.0.) 22.5:) 16:6 | Sis eae Minnesota - 63.5 Seen ec 14.8 16.8 16.0 10.1 15.5 16.2 10.5 17.0 7.5{ 17.5) 21.0 VO eee ee 16.6 | 14.7] 20.9} 13.8) 17.0] 17.0 | 13:5.) 16:7) 33°90) 2h ete Missouri <0. 2425 oes 20 |e - ss cee =|coencee|> sane asec eh ces]ccnsne=| eat ab os) aho nee cee ne --| 9-0] 15.6 South Dakota......... 11,9 || 149%'|) 42.8 4.0]. 14.2 9.0 9.0} 17.0 6.3] 14.0] 19.0 INGRIGSEG. 6. .4-..sueeee 13.2 | 14.0 13.9 10.0 14.1 12.0} 11.5] 16.0 12.6 | "16.5 |) Te Kansas -- 9.9 11.5 8.4 4.2 15.0 8.5 15.0°} 12.0} 1025 6.0 8.0 MOTUS: oie acs ese~ 33 20.4 | 28.8 | 22.0], 25.2] 28.5 | 21.6 | 17.0) 26:07 tae 9.0] 12.5 SOY WF OMMRLIE LS we gente iu 2m ace 25:1 27.0 | 25.0] 26.0] 29.2 25.0 | 22.0] 27.0] 22.0] 22.0] 26.0 Colorado. uiayct sae, ck 22.1] 29.4] 21.9] 19.5] 24.0] 21.0| 22.5] 21.0] 19.5] 22.0] 20.0 New Mexico........... 21.5 | 24.5}| 20.0] 20.5] 22.0 19:0 | 23.0] ° 22.5] 21.6 18.0} 24.0 UGB eee hee wales ated 26.5 28.5 25.3 27.0 29.2 28.0 25.0 28.0} 25.0] 25.0] 23.8 BG Uitiide «ons thus ve nate 29.8] 28.7] 29.0] 32.5] 30.2] 31.0] 30.0] 32.0] 31.5] 28:0] 25.0 Idaho........ 24.9 26.0 20.4 29.0 28.3 28.0 | 24.0] 26.5 23.5 22.0} 21.0 Washington - | 2d 20.6 14.5 19.5 | 20.4 19.0} 20.0] 22.2] 21.5] 13.6 9.5 OFEREM s ols nin Si cule wale | 17.2) 18.7] 18.0] 17.7] 19.5] 19.5] 16.5] 17.0} 23.0] 11.0} J1.0 United States....! 13.4 | 15.8 | u 0| 9.4 7.2 | 13.0 | 1.8| 184] 8.8| 12.5] 16.0 Statistics of Wheat. 465 W HEAT—Continued. Taste 19.—Wheat: Acreage, production, and total farm value, by States, 1917 and 1918. Total value, basis Dec. Production (thousands 1 price (thousands of Thousands of acres. of bushels, dollars). State. ») 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 lS Bn SAS ARGS Cae hne Bee ese 23 il 506 154 1,199 362 OO: i ee a eee 18 6 396 120 915 283 i pe ee ee | 4390 420 7,840 8,820 16, 856 18, 522 LOT a2 SO ee 100 1,7 1,691 3,655 3, 602 Tras yg hice 0 a 1,454 1,399 24,718 24, 482 52, 897 50, 188 CELE TSA Se ee 133 131 1,729 2,162 3, 838 4,497 (LO oi a Ge SRS: a eee eee 732 675 11,346 11,475 24, 848 23, 753 Vi to ee 1,300 1, 200 15, 600 15, 600 34, 164 33, 696 Wiestev Tene ees. 5c. eS SL 348 315 4,942 4,410 10,922 9,57 (North Carolinas ...£....02.5./53.-- 1,015 860 7, 105 8,600 16,342 20, 124 South Carolina............ 205 165 2,255 1,732 5, 863 5,023 Utne DORR BS = ee 356 244 3,631 2,074 9,658 6,015 Distt Loe a eae ee 2, 290 1,870 43,547 41, 140 92,320 83, 926 ss CU Sa aa 2,353 1,807 49, 427 33, 432 102, 808 67, 367 POE. woce- besas2)-.<-- 825-2022. 2! 2,774 1,650 60,991 30, 850 126, 861 62, 008 LUE SSIES SS eh ee 754 857 10,716 15, 422 | 22,397 31, 460 Merecmtbisat. 2-400 802205. See, ee 406 239 9,837 5,327 20, 166 10,761 Jor (50) 6 ie RS ea eae na 3, 799 2,947 79, 710 51,611 162, 608 104, 254 Loy 2 SS eee eee 1,05 420 19, 650 8,350 39,300 16, 616 Pirceneieess Meee tot). TRE eee! 3, 092 1, 896 53, 154 28,971 108, 966 56, 493 MOM DAkotive.2 22... cue eens 7,770 7,000 101, 010 56, 000 205, 050 112, 000 Baimaketg 6452.20. ei es 3,765 3,200 71,305 44, 300 141, 896 87, S08 ici STA A i a oe 3, 828 997 43,141 13,7 84, 988 26,840 Th. 8) Be a se a 7, 248 3,737 102, 008 45,443 202, 996 89,977 Kentucky 933 750 12,129 9,000 25, 956 19, 080 750 500 7,500 4,600 16,050 10, 212 140 93 1, 330 930 3, 258 2,511 30 14 495 210 1, 238 630 892 1,350 8,920 16, 200 19,178 34, 020 2,611 3, 100 32, 899 35, 650 66, 127 69, 161 254 195 3,048 3,120 6, 309 6,271 2,062 1,727 25, 434 17, 963 49,342 34, 489 260 203 6, 600 4, 306 12,474 8,612 742 600 13,335 13,536 26, 003 26, 124 213 203 3,334 2,582 7,001 5,551 38 33 988 825 2,371 1,732 320 296 6, 464 5,640 12, 152 10,039 42 41 1,070 1,140 2, 205 2,052 Rett caer ttn a= Soa to alo au 845 756 18, 043 15, 332 34, 643 27, 904 cot SS i ee ae 2,191 1,855 26,429 29, 218 51, 801 56, 391 Re fade gs = a on nthe aaa 1,038 863 15, 228 12,548 30, 608 22, 838 MOD iar! < oe, Siss.a.5 s Baewo te 2s 506 375 7,590 7,425 16, 394 14,850 United States............... 59,110 | 45, 089 917, 100 636,655 | 1,874,623 | 1,278,112 98911°—yBK 1918——34 466 WHEAT—Continued. Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TABLE 20.—Wheat: Production and distribution in the United States, 1897-1918. [000 omitted.] Year. Old stock on farms July 1. Bushels. 23, 347 17, 839 64, 061 50, 900 30, 552 52, 437 42, 540 36, 634 24, 257 46, 053 5A, 853 33, 797 15, 062 35, 629 34,071 23, 876 35, 515 32, 236 28, 972 74,731 15,611 8, 063 Quantity. Bushels. 530, 149 675, 149 547, 304 522, 230 748, 460 670, 063 637, 822 552, 400 692, 979 735, 261 634, 087 664, 602 683, 379 635, 121 621, 338 730, 267 763, 380 891, 017 1, 025, 801 636, 318 636, 655 917, 100 Crop. Weight per bushel. wo BRAABRS aorFoonw wWoow Quality. RSARSSS ZSSSS EK ROLRNINO We PRO Total supplies. Bushels. 553, 496 692.988 611, 365 573, 130 779,012 688, 940 698, 399 698, 441 670, 801 655, 409 754, 143 798, 895 923, 253 1,054, 773 711,049 652, 266 925, 163 Stock on farms Mar. 1 following. Bushels. 121,320 467 »f Wheat. VCS O - W HEAT—Continued. Statrst § ox sic | MBQBR RERSQ SAASR SSFSB SSRSA SRARR SRAQ SSB SKBSl x Qo er aa pry . . cs . ¥ ; ’ ses . S | 8358 | disses desds kssay asides S| eteavwosg | SSSSh ASANN ASHSN RAANS MINS EERSA SHAR AoRas BAas | A_ De ti uw =t Qa NOD [rr] Yr] - * t19 O19 = o S&S ye mi bs al s sot | SSRAS NEARS RSake RSSRS SSSSE SERRE F222 RES SEAS | 3 Nn S$ es} ———— a 8 a 1 O © 0919 eOrorm RAsee aes itr) SERRA Abe on PERE 1 OO & se] s x en srt | haces RRRAS 5 SS SSSeRn ASSSS RSSS SRR BS2 3 & “a ee = - to bes BeSsS SHSSe BSSSs SSSSs Qesess SRLKS BsSS SERS SReal@ 3 a2 OI6L SSSA Renton han ten! SS See SSSR Oe en Rae aio] an | eS Re alan ion han! Ss ~ i=] a 3 8 ~ : WOES A oC Ss 2s cr | Noses SSS2R SRSSS SEES BRSBS SRSSR SKKS SHSE VFS |= y Q | Sen Eh oon ee ee ee Sen oe oe ee oe | SS Steet we re Sn oon Boe oe snl = a | DOm~ otnoe DO witinin InDinan > i iy inoin tt o S ate say werleeeae Shacn socee GSSSS SAssh Ages SSS S485 Sle |g ;, PERT s_ ™ 2 s1er-coct ‘ose | SESEN RARES SEAN ARGSN Ge5nR HSeas Asses gaea seaa ls . son ih oee aon ae ae Son ioe Ahn Boe oe | reset et reser Son hoe oe Be Eee reteset edt Son anita ret SS Se A g -I0AB JIBOA - OT _ Q SONOS OMONOSD ONOOOD ANOMOSO SCOMHAOSO SCNHOS SONS MOND HeK~So ae > sit | Aiden adits doth ddd’ S4dis soged ddea vaeg did |s aS) _ SSSSH HSSSS WHSW~ SMHHAMD SODNSG NOSSONHN SANS MPOMD MHNH [a 3 uot | Haass ENSAS Gaoqae Adnsg dadid odds gag dss eae |3 coococo COo~rnn ominoe oowoniw NMOonmooS Winookt omc oe oleae or~ooe Nn S t Wot.) Bu das- sselie sede Sen ee weg ited ye jie eae 4 sade |i yy x) | < | Zanee Com nom DBDOoOnmno oOm~oowm Nemioo ee 1D iD LN asses Crane ox 3 = wh ke SRS Sess Sdand ANsad Srddn SAges Ska NARR | dans |S c 4 Sen85 IDI 19 OO LD rt tO sh aD her ooo NO 191 wmwoCoSooe SNan tite > NINnDoO © é Viet | Haass Saisssd rides sagen nodes Sits SENG AREA SARS |S ity [-) Sooss IN MO Or MN OI MONO re MOoOMAowo o~ono o2xeoo La OoOnNoS N 5 5 SI6L | WBHSNrK dhs wA ANDAS WSSSK SOSOKAS ASHHKSs SAGs ass ech AE 3 a Awe A conan Iie ae th eel SS See See we a Keel senile SS eS Ret Re ~ ANN 6a N a~ — be SSSrs woo WH NmMoOooM (— Tm TTI okt) (—F > ) 3 IC} met | = Nonies Ssdisg dadcHs SBsss Sosa ddaddd SxsK gag Sins | x AS} etait Sen Ba fh Eh en fh ces sn fh hc a hc A a aoc Sent ah on A an Eo a MANNS 7 i MONA 1 es NS val Lakes Ot 19 tH Oonmnoo onmoon CMAN aD ~rooom aAOoNM fT En r) Cano | = Ot | geass enddd doses sasag sigdd oides NaN RANS NSN |S 3s MOSAaS SHASOH oom ODnnorm~ nore THiHor wD st oOrmi9 woot BANS | <3 : 601 | B¥ats sade Sosen sages dissin sgded dske A4Kk Seas |S "SI6I-606T ‘O88 MOOK ON-EKN ORO OADDS MOND OS COnst COBN ~omH |x As avak-or | SARs ssdss seess navsds ddand SHaN SSHR Kagsls | ee ee ak eee a ag ORM eC Ee ;. ey FOR tes ine TRC IRON? See A fede MR aoe ie hee Pe se eke Ow eR be cel Coan fe Ste Se Gh a ee UN ot ae eee OS me ie eet ee N 3 Rie At et east Bact A inc dee eat SeCaa CTR ag es chr SR SON wae Rae tees BE Pe Pea cane By 8 te mo Br ge gee pees . en 8. itl fat? 3 2 Cae een eee ne oe re oe hee eee Peo ; : fe age ree es >| . is oT thas Po Oo Sie : ga g : 4S waLS asde Sg tes Stz78 age . oc 6 . 6g o ‘ O at a ao a Szaza Asp>ez soodsa Sracs BO 4525 wz. Oe ee, ae 97.1 91.7 94.1 87.8 88.3 92.0 95.6 80.3 78.4 iL eV ee Bare ee SS 86.7 78.7 76.4 76.1 77.0 95.4 92.4 89.7 87.2 IOUS SES RN. OR 99.7 97.3 92.6 82.2 78.8 95.9 82.5 77.1 78.1 O08 hee see ae er 86.6 76.5 76:6 tA 78.7 93.4 93.7 87.5 66.2 LOO Siew on npmarw sears Ee = Sere 82.9 91.6 92.5 85.5 82.7 93.7 91.0 89.2 87.3 1A 1 Ea Re igen ae “oak Pama ie eh Lor 94.1 89.1 90.9 82.7 85.6 93.4 91.4 86.9 83.4 LUM rape ea ec Secor eee oe 94.1 89.5 82.9 77.4 78.3 88.7 87.2 79.4° ti) OS a SY SRE EMG oe 91.1} 91.3] 89.0] 86.0] 80.6] 95.0] 989.4] 80.7 77.6 1 | eee AE > ae aE EN 5 85.3 82.2 83.5 80.7 82.4 95.2 92.7 91.6 88.6 POL SSS Se ee A ae 95.8 80.8 82.1 80.0 81.5 92.8 61.6 61.0 63.1 ti MAREE ip as ee °F ies © 82.5 83.3 86.1 80.4 76.8 94.6 73.8 59.8 56.7 LOTS hots. SSR ee. Pe 86.6 80.6 19.7 74.3 73.3 95.8 89.3 90.4 90.8 11 SEE eee ee. ee TE 93.2 91.6 91.9 83.5 81.6 93.5 eae 74.1 75.3 PTE 2S. SER ede ie 97.2 95.6 95.9 92.7 94.1 95.5 92.1 75.5 68.0 Ls bi oleae eS Set AS oF” 88.3 88.8 92.9 85.8 84.4 94.9 93.3 93.4 94.6 101i: See Sen Sea tee S77 78.3 82.4 73.2 75.7 88.2 89.0 63.4 48.6 AVLG So wa cosets ene et mae tere 85.7 63.4 73.2 70.9 75.9 91.6 83 6 68.7 71.2 SORT oo ceca eee hee 79.3 78.6 86.4 83.8 79.5 95.2 86.1 79.6 82.1 WIG i. cise Oleh 8 tee 98.6 | | TarLe 23.—Winter wheat: Per cent of area sown which was abandoned (not harvested). Year. Per cent. Year. Per cent. | Year. Per cent. ROUG Sted s owners tei TOS GOR ES on ee ene nares 4.2 || 1914... Uh owes 821 LOS er oe boan or ebks ae ee 258. |) 1900... cous Sole ees ee 7.5 {| 1910.2 Ven. eee 2.7 TORE AE eee wees See 16:41) IOLOS cae ee ee ee 18.7 |] 19162. 225% See 11.4 Rn es oo dai cokes ceed 4.6 |PIQUL coe Vas ee cee 10.7 || JOLY. ccc. ceeeeeeeeee 31.0 TOUR 26 Hirbete ti eee 5.6) 1912s vie eat cease 20.1 || 1918... 223. eee 13.7 LOE io ike ote ow fe Lh. 3 lt TOS ee eo ee 4.7 TaBLe 24,—Wheat: Farm price, cents per bushel on first of each month, 1909-1918. . Aver- Date. 1918 | 1917 | 1916 | 1915 | 1914 ony 201.9 | 150.3 | 102.8 | 107.8] 81.0] 76.2| 88.0] 88.6] 103.4] 93.5} 109.4 201.2 | 164.8 | 113.9 | 129.9| 81.6] 79.9| 90.4] 89.8 | 105.0] 95.2 ; 202.7 | 164.4 | 102.9 | 133.6 | 83.1] 80.6| 90.7| 85.4 | 105.1 | 103.9 *"7] 202.6 | 180.0 | 98.6 | 131.7] 84.2] 79.1] 92.5] 83.8 | 104.5 | 107.0 ‘| 203.6 | 245.9 | 102.5] 139.6 | 83.9] 80.9| 99.7] 84.6] 99.9] 115.9 202.5 | 248.5 | 100.0 | 131.5| 84.4] 82.7 | 102.8] 86.3| 97.6 | 123.5 203.2 | 220.1] 93.0| 102.8| 76.9| 81.4! 99.0] 84.3| 95.3 | 120.8 “*"} 904.5 | 228.9 | 107.1 | 106.5] 76.5 | 77.1| 89.7| 82.7] 98.9 | 107.1 "-:| 205.6 | 209.7 | 131.2] 95.0] 93.3] 77.1] 85.8] 84.8] 95.8] 95.2 -*7} 205.8 | 200.6 | 136.3] 90.9] 93.5 | 77.9| 83.4] 88.4] 93.7] 94.6 | 206.0 | 200.0 | 158.4 | 93.1] 97.2| 77.0! 83.8] 91.5| 905] 99.9 201.4 | 200.8 | 160.3] 91.9] 98.6| 79.9| 76.0| 87.4] 88.3] 98.6 Average......... | 204.8 | 200.8 | 125.0 | 106.2 | 88.4 78.4 | 87.4 | 86.0 | 96.5 | 101.3 469 Statistics of Whect. “CIAL Ul QnyO WIN ION ; *SIGI-9I6I Sulids Wioyy100 T “ON, | & “pes 0 “086 giz | ortea | ee "RR or [ove | coe | siz ; cz | 0'S1z 612 | LIZ GTZ | 0°S1Z 612 | LIZ GIZ | 0'SIz 612 | LIZ 12 | 6°S1Z 02z@ | 612 12 | 8 ‘1s 0s | SIZ ¥8ez_| ¢ “¥80_ 99% | See | ¢ ©-6ce oog | 0s% x “60 | eg | foot | T ‘88S_ ore | TLT Pik de Meee Wa Tez | STS | fees | 9's92 G6z | SIZ SF | oof | OSh | e'16z7] Ges | LEZ | 2°20E Ore | 29% gzee | Ost | Se | 6 OFT] 98z | COs | 299% 00g | &IZ Lcze> | 00& | OSG | 9°S6T| Tie | FFI | F G07 ole | Zél e'99 | S82 | OS | S‘OST | SGT | ROOT | 8‘z8T $¥61 ILT 0°99 | G8e | OSS | O°OBT | GEL | Gt | 9‘Sé6I "96 | ¥8ZT 61s | 062 | O9T | O'F9T | 002 | F40T | 2‘Z9T 601 | g*9¢T | f68T | FOT Z99T | OBL | OST | 9°OZT | ESET | ¥90T | 9 ‘eat 901 | 8‘6IT | Z2ET | got TOT | GSt | OFT | T°GIT] Sct | 68 | O'STT 9CL | S*FIT| ZeT | _90T 181% | OF | SOL | G’OrL | FSot | FIT | SSH OIL | S2rL | SOT | fFIT T°SLT | 00% | 2ST | O'OIT | fezt | ¥e8 | S°SOT Gy; tthe "| Been | 308 LGLT | GOL | FIST | S'I6 | 486 | 88. | 0'F6 Bor oseee Sane Cleo O°OST | fezT | SFT | 2°98 | ¥e6 | fos | 9°16 | £26 Cee | aaceaal POOL TEER EV2ST S98: || FAP Pe 88 Sb ASR Ok MOTT jleSer “sesee= yore 4 ee0p BI SID ASAD [82D .|F 8929 oF a | i Fa i Wis Fo Van i 7 Pl Fe rs Re Wo NEF a) KE ‘ ‘ 3 "838 |.H< 5 . 5 Whe Bet UstH | Ao'T ae GSI [MOT | _iyay | UATE | “MOT sees W31H | ‘oT s(SqI OOT tod) 03m AA | = “WIOY}.AIOW T “ON “IOJUTA Ped Z “ON | “pol Z "ON ‘ooslouRIy Weg *sTodveunnyy ‘sTno'T “49 “410.1990, “SI6I-SI6I “Jaysng dad anwud ayosqnoym *709YA—'SZ TTAV, ‘ponuu0p— LVM ooe | ze | 2 "ez | O82 tee | 62% |*******09G-dtng Oct =| 02a | OSes] Fees | “eee '0eber | eee bee. “**"** 79qTII0e(T OGG 022 | 0°&S | FOS | Gee | 0°6CC | B22 | Bee |°°""*°°""™ JOqUI9AO N 0%6 02 | 0°82 | FS | GOS | 0°62 | 662 | 626 | *” “*"* J9q0I9O 08% Cos | 0°StZ | 92S | BS | 2°08) Te | Be |--°°***"*r™ Jaquiaydeg oog | eee lose | gee | ele lop <<952>SqenSny, 008 | 21% | ese | Ove | ae Mabtgs kc. Ame ore | icor | acres | ave “*-""-guns—"ue sr OUST | AGRA Orage | Oke cae le el enae eer, Pe digbie kaa ore | 8% | o'sog| ete | fF2e | 9°962| Oz Pe oe Se ete Ave teez | ¥c0e | @'1sz | 908 | ¥SI% | 9°esc| sec | fee |.""-** tmacey te) 2! ' SIG. {e887 - | OMHOS IW ESle: SPOR 4 tee.) Seco) Ola |, .2-2 -- 5 Gene 66T | #29T | T°GST | 26T | ¥89L | 8*OT% | i0zz LOL |°oo ooo ATVNIQET 90. | ¥820 | 2°46 | 806 | HSL | eSte | Oe. | 20s |-°°-"°°"*°°"" “Axonuee “LIGI 0G | OIL | 9°9ST | Te6T | ¥2OT | G6LT | SIZ =---*"-99q-Ame feet | $908 | 8°8IT | TIFT | OOT | 9°9ST | YOST | TeIL |--""*"--" ~~ -oung—uer “9I6I Hest | 66 | ‘GIL | #42t | BOOT | 9°8eT | HFT | F801 |--7°77* cig) ted ooq-Ammye LOT | 82 | O’S#T | #897 TELS | SRPZa Ty SL bere Oe |F °° <* = = oom ee “CI6l’ eel | #88 | 9°90T| Zot | 8 | OFIT| ¥9eT | ¥98 |°-°-"""°"°°""0eq-Ame Oot 68 T'86 g01 €8 PTOL | B1IL | 48) «°° oung—uer ‘FI6I $66 G8 | +26. | $96. | t68 | 0°86. | LOL |. #6. -|""° 7" °°" °°" -9eq—Ame 66: ) P28 | OZOLy $800 SGOT WI Se0ny | eebie | LOE At oss eee eunr—"uer "830 | °870 «| "890 | “810 | “8D | “8D | “89D | “8D “SI6I F Sener |) KCBS IS ‘ ‘038 |. és STH | “40T | soay | USTH | MOT | roay | UST | “MOT “Sutids W10y}I0U T “ON “pol Z ‘ON TAOJUIA POI Z “ON “aye *osvoryO “QIOTATTe "YIO X MON Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. 470 ‘SI6GI-9I6T Sutids wioy}I0U T “ON 1 ovose | Ose | ove | rsce | se | f12e | cree | fsFZ | Tes | Geez | 08 | L1% over | ¥8z | 9cz | x-20z | teez | 08% | «-08z | tore 6c@ |" "*--0aq-Alme woreeeeses © = 9q01908(T o-oce | O¢E oss G'zee | €co | ¥1z% | 6 'FES | ists | Fezs | 1'82z} O08 FG 0*OSE | OSE Ose o'%ee | Fez ZEB] -L BGS | _8ZZ Tao | 24°82 | Fee | tee o‘oce | ose ose ¢'91% | LIZ C1% | 0°SIZ | SIZ STé | G°L1@| 612 L1Z o‘0gs | 0ge ose OLS | LIZ LIZ | 0°ST@ | SIZ C1% | O°L1S | LIZ LT@ | 0°0GZ | 02@ | 00 |O'L00}] Le | LEG | OSCE] 82S | SC jp “oun ooce =| oe ose O°L1%Z | LIS L416 | 0°STS | SI@ C1% | O°LTe | LIZ LIS” |:0°08E-|08E. | Oe. 4.0 2e0 | Zee | “Les | OSes | Ses... See. |S eck cee ee Avyt o‘oce | ce oce O°LTS | LIS 416 | 0°SI@ | GIs SIZ | O°L1IZ | LIZ LIZ.) O08E- ORE". |) OBS" | OLE | 2228. |) 1288. | OSE | aes i BSE. Sa aa ee [udy ose | Ose ose O°LIZ | LIZ LTé | O°SI? | SIZ GIG | O'8IG | 61z L1G | 0°00@ | O06 | 006 |0°L06 | LEG | L6G | O'8CZ | BES | BG | qosejyy o‘ose | ose oce 0°9T% | LIZ C1Z | O°SIZ | SIs GIZ | O'8IZ | 616 LIZ et 2S eee |S Bee Gee «| RE ah See Areniqgeg o"oss | ce oce 0°CTS | SIZ CT% | 0°12 | Sle C1Z | 0'81Z| 612 L1% | 002% | 02 02% 0°S2s | 26 GZS | O'GeS | ~6ES (i A he tart Solr indheacl Arenues 810, | “840 “810 810 “810 | 810 "SID | “81D | “SIO | “820 810 810 “SID | “81D “84D | “840 a 178) 170) | “S10 “810 “S12 ‘SI6I yl a SA TORS ts | ; ‘ose |. ‘ase |. - ‘ose |. ee. Ae Oma ete . "238 / pa : eroay | U3 | “MOT | pony | WI | MOT | sony | TSH | “MOT | aay | GSH | “MOT | saa | USE | “MOT | ae U31H | “OT | aay | USI | “AAOT ec a eS a a EE a es ee ee ee ee eee (Sq OOT 10d) O71 AA, W190 }.10U T “ON *I0JUIM pel Z “ON “perl Z ‘ON “Surids ws0y}.10U T "ON "pol Z "ON | VIOJULA Pol Z "ON wa “oostouRIy ues *syodvouuryy ‘soy “49 “yore “osRdIUO *OIOUITC | “yO X MON *ponutju0j—s76l-ST6r ‘qaysng sad aoisd appsajoy 4 *2D2YA4A—"SZ ATAV, ‘penuyu0oy—L VAM aan Statistics of Wheat. 471 WHEAT—Continued. TABLE 26.—Wheat flour: Wholesale price per barrel, 1913-1918. Chicago. Cincinnati. | New York. St. Louis. Winter patents.| Spring patents.| Winter patents. Spring patents. — patents, Date. is . . . | * ; - Sb Pe | Peli, babel ty ts FIS/SILEPSIBILELS BES) Brel Ss] 8 : = : 5 o 5 A 5 oe 5 Sele woiet eee le haba ta | 4 saga Dols.|Dols.| Dols. Dols.| Dols.| Dols.| Dols. Dols.|Dols.| Dols. Dols.| Dols. Dols. Diote!Doede AN IOC S nn con 'e- a's 0 4.30] 5.10)...-. 4.10} 5.60)..... 3. 25) 4.15]..-..| 4.40] 5. 00}-.... 4°20) 6.151... 2 PO EOB conc. s,s. 3.90] 4.35|..... 4.00| 5.50|..... 2.90) 3.50\..... 4.40) 5.00).....| 3.70) 4.55/20... 1914. mere... 3.50| 4.40/..... 4.00] 5.50/..... 3.20] 3.50!.....| 4.50] 5.10)..... | 3.35 July Dee... 2.2... 3.45| 5.50|..-.. 4.00) 6.90)..... 3.05] 4.90)..... 4.35] 7.00|..... | 3.35 1915. Ser seue-.......--.... 5.10] 7.80|..... 5.50] 6.75|.....| 4.75] 6.65|.....] 5.50) 8. 25)..... 5.10 See | 4.50) 5.75)--... 4.50| 6.90)... .. 4.65| 5.65|..... 4.90| 7.25|.....| 4.60 1916. ) | Waee-simé.......-...-- | 5.00] 6.80)..... 5.00] 6.85|..... 4.50] 5.50/.....] 5.45] 7.25)... | 4.75] 6 July—Dec Sao iod asks ose 510). $)65|22. 22 5, 20193 7blioe 5 4. 50| 8. 75|-..-- 5.50)10. 00)... .. 4.75] 9. 8.20] 9.50!..... Raina Ae 7.25] 8.75]... aibslia al ¥25 8.15 8.10} 8.40|-.... 8.20] 9.80)..... 7.75} 8.50). 8.65] 9.25)... 7.90) 8.20] 9.50)..... 8.5010.20)..... 8.00! 9.00).....| 9.40/10. 40... 8. 40 9. 75|12. 50|....- 10.00/13. 30|..... 8.5012. 50|..... 10. 15|13. 75|.....| 8.60 14. 75}17. 00]... 14. 25/17.80|..... 12. 00/15. 25]... . .|13. 50/16. 75)... ..|12. 50 13. 00)14. 65|.. ...|11. 25/15. 60|..... 11.00/13. 75|..... 112. 25|14. 75|..... 10.50 8. 10|17.00)..... 8. 2017.80)... 7.25115, 25)... 8. 65/16. 75)... .. | 7.90 ——_=S=FSP——__ —_— SS SS | | <_< ———___ ________ ______— '10. 50|12. 50|..... 11, 2514.00)... 10. 50/11. 50|..... 111. 75]13. 75|.....| 9.80 11. 75/12. 49 12.0014. 00)..... 9.50'11.50|..... 12. 00/13. 50... 10. 00 9. 85/10. 65|.... ./10. 50/12. 00|..... 9.5010. 00... .|11. 25|12. 25)... -. 10.15 1). 00/10. 65|.....|10. 40/11. 40)... .. 9.9010.00)...../10. 85|12.00)..... | 9.95 1).00|10.59,...../10. 2010.85 ..... 9.70| 9.90|..-..|10. 65/11. 55)... .. 10.00 10. 30|10. 50 10. 30 10. 70)... 9.70| 9.70)..... 10. 45]11. 35... 10. 20 July-December..| 9.85 9.85/12.50...../10. 20 14.00)... 9. 50 11. 50]..-..|10. 45]13. 75).....| 9.80 1918. ea Sas SSS pele i 3 SS Pe ee Doct 9 ge 10. 10/10. 75 10. 6210. 20 10. 70 10. 70/10. wri 00/10. 73 10. 55/10. 70 10. 62 10. 25 Honrnary....:.-.-..-<5 10. 25 11. 00 10. 49 10. 50 11. 00 10. 72 10. 80 11. 15,10. 91/10. 55/11. 00 10. 68 10. 40 OE Sess at vec 10. 50/10. $0 10. 70/10. 65 11. 75 10. $6 10. 80 11. 35/11. 10 10. 55/11. 25 10. 96 10. 60/11. 25 19. | a ae 10. 70 10. 80.10. 75 11. 25 11. 75/11. 50/10. 90 11. 35/11. 1210. 75/11. 25 11. 00 10. 50)12. 50 11. 18 | eS eee 10. 49 10. 80,10. 68/10. 50 11. 75 11. 19|19. 75 11. 35)11. 05/10. 75/11. 20 10. 98 10. 00/11. 80 10. 94 fae ea 10. 40/11. 25/10. 68/10. 10/11. ce mili0. 75 11. 25 11. 00)10. 75]11. 20,10. 98 10. 40 11. 20 10. 72 January-June. . .|10. agi 25/10. 65,10. 10/11. 75 10. 96|10. 70 11. 35 10. 98/10. 55]11. 25 10. 87 10. 00 12.50 50)10. 74 ee ess. 10. 40!10. 87 10. 66 10. 50/11. 72.11. 30/10. 75 11. 25.11. 00/10. 75 Toshi. | 0. boliT. 00 00 10. 12 [eee 10. 60 10. 87/10. 73.11. 25/11. 72 11. 35/10. 75 11. 25 11. 00/10. 90)11. 50/11. 28] 8.89/10. 30) 9. 60 September..........-. 10. 50 10. 90/10. 69 11. 25/11. 37.11. 30/10. 75 11. 25 11. 0010. 75/11. 75/11. 07) 9.05/10. 50) 9. 65 October. ...--.-.-... 77/10. 25.10. 90/10. 5811, 00/11. 35 11. 18/10. 75 11. 25 10. 91/10. 50/11. 25/10. 89) 9.05/10. 50) 9. 49 IOVOMIDEr. .c260.225.-- |10. 30 10. 90,10. 50.10. 00/11. 35 10. 77/10. 35 11. 00 10. 60/19. 50/11. 10/10. 79) 9. 10/10. 60) 9.58 December.......-.---- 9. 80,10. 90! 10. 47| 9. $0|11. 00 10. 67/10. 35,11. 25 10. $2]10. 50}11. 10/10. 88) 9. 40/11. 65) 9. 79 July-December..| 9. 80 10. 90/10. 60 9. s0)11. 72 11. 10/10. 35,11. 25/10. 89}10. 50/11. 95/11. 00 8 8. 89/11. 65/ 9. 70 é H 472 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. : W HEAT—Continued. TABLE 27.— Wheat and flour: International trade calendar years 1909-13, 1916-17. [(‘‘Temporary’’ imports into Italy of wheat, to be used for manufacturing products for export, are included — in the total imports as given in the official Italian returns. the trade returns of C ’ the item ‘rigo mote (prepared corn) which might easily be confused with trigo (wheat) is omitted. See “General note,”’ Table 11.] EXPORTS. [000 omitted. ] | Wheat. | Wheat flour. Wheat and fisur. Country. : Average| 1916 1917 —s 1916 1917 | Averaze| 1915 | 1917 1909-1913 i eas aaa VS a eS (Prelim.) 1909-1913 (Prelim.)|(Prelim.) / FROM— Bushels.| Bushels.| Bushels.} Barrels. | Barrels. | Barrels. | Bushels.| Bushels.| Bushels. Argentine ce: neous RO, 1023) Sivek ieee ees 1,365 2 G20 |oteoeea 95, 243 | O1,G25) 122s eee Australia «.=s2455 41,097.41 be 270 | aoe a 1,719 Bs 000" lene ee ames 49, 732 | 68,780 ues. oe ; Austria-Hungary... Ft Pe shen, ee See 19S | cae cno ache cacedas 906 [2.2 2. s Delphi. ..355.--bas 19; GOT ton ede oeesoe ee el Bese ce ree 22, 694 |. <5. ude eee British India....... 48 78h" 2a986. 4.2552. 607 2,423 Nos gene | 51,510 |. 27,32 (eee eee Buleasnse.= 520 4:— S, BAGS ee Sk te eee bi 2 pepe BR 11, 244 |......2..-|seuebeee Canadas-&. S225 .524 74, 247 | 191, 218 | 146, 874 3, 694 7, 921 8,771 | 90,871 | 226,862} 186,342 Cilla: s Sei gos ees 2, 22k fo acteen= loceemmebel | > GO [oa ecers oe) eee eee Bits ey ees Germany .........:- ee a ae losatcubet 1, 986 40. Ssccees|oueseamee 21,149) lo. 232 ee z Netherlands........ 53, 397 1 eins ee 222 ns eee 54, 394 44 eats Ja Roumayin: 525°. 225. AG ING este ee eae 12091 6 oGmst ase | = eee 52,370 |. .22-scenhaieeee aa Hess ss 5 + eee 155, 752 S656" Sees 1,337 tg SU ee Pe 161,766} 15,134)......2. as United States......- 53,316 | 154,050 | 106,202 | 10,443 | 14,379 | 13,920 | 100,310 | 218,755 | 168,841 Other countries. .... EG, 210/15 3. Seca |------<-- 6; 108 a= 36 weal Sapte 30, 412) |... <.cn ss) eominmed a a 624, 827 |......... | ie Xero re 4 ee res 745,194 |...2.222. | ay c P | IMPORTS. INTO— / Belgium..2. 5. .0<--s Brasil SS See British South Africa Denmayek. - So. Sass France! suas edscp (JORTHERAY Sv ccsasnese Groeee Wisavnsecs.s NSGLY Soe ieee wae Po eee aes Netherlands........ Pris 2a enceas 3) Ee aa pe Swot 2245... sed Switzerland......... United Kingdom... Otner countries..... (1 i gr Statistics of Oats. 473 OATS. Tasir 28.—Oats: Area and production in undermentioned countries, 1916-1918. : 4 Area. Production. Country. —_—_—+- 2 ae ‘ie 1916 1917 1918 1916 ) 1917 1918 ————— eT NORTH AMERICA. % Acres. Acres. Acres. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. United States.....-.------+ 41,527,000 | 43,553, 000 44, 400, 000 (1, 251, 837, 000 1,592,740,000 1,538,359.000 Canada: ia New Brunswick... -.-..- 198, 000 190, 000 224, 000 6, 039, 000 4. 275,000 |s--c- 1, 444, 000 1,500, 000 1,715, 000 48,439,000 | 45,375,000 |...--------- Saskatchewan...-....--- 3,792,000 | 4,522, 000 4,988,000 | 163,278,000 193. 214 000 lone ances omen 1a) , 124, 000 2,538, 000 2,652, 000 102, 199, 000 86, 289, 000 |---..------- (NYT eS Oe oe 374, 000 383, 000 354, 000 15,074,000 | 13,316, 000 |------------ —— _) a ——————_—_—_---—— a | Total Canada. .....-- 10,996, 000 | 13,313, 000 14, 790, 000 410, 211, 000 | 403, 010, 000 | 380, 274, 000 itch yee i ee oye a Conc) thn thee --2ee 2 15,000 |..-..- ee +: Bat ee Che ©. Sas eee en Le | 1,662,063,000 |......------- tot ae SOUTIL AMERICA. og Argentina... 3 ee as 2, 565, 000 75,280,000 | 31,781,000 ! 75, 783, 000 9) (Cl ae ae Ce 2s a 161, 060 6,350, 000}. .-- ---.--2=-|=----=<-= <= Tomepuay. 4222 ot ---2-: 105, 000 2,283, 000 1,926,000 |...--------- Motil: see Oss - 5.082 2,831, 000 SAIS, OO] a Sees aes [a SU as EUROPE. | fetes a Austria-Hungary: Mermmas > 8... Sees Od bee oe Aleta tee Hungary proper. .- ---- 664, 000 | 480,925,000 |. ....--------)-----2----e- Croatia-Slavonia. -..--- 256. &.5 000,000: |. 28 2225 222 2.|220+ 2 - <= --- . Bosnia-Herzegovina. . - - 44,000,000 |... -2-------2|2-+-¢---=-"" Total Austria-Hun- | Wi Soe Sos ds ATA Te HERVE OOO! (Sooo save epee a ate (pelplaMine eso. 2-524. -- (1) eo o XE Sel PES Tt EMO ARENE 220-5 l nas >. -2-- OTD MAME Ws 2 oxic damon ahate= a oeame Memmankes so ti s.-25S-c-- 51,656,000 | 37,653,000 |..---------- Tt ah Se a ie eee 6 19,572,000 |....-.-------|------------ Thi Sie ke ee a 277.179, 000 | 237,426,000 |.-.--------- Gumilartys lve: s.~6.05-5-- RAID AD O00! 1s = Soc wee nee|o oes ~<--- nee Riggers. Fo 6tte. ~~~ 5-- 1,103 26. 076.000 | 33,889,000 | 41,336, 000 glarxemburtst...22.2245---* 5 56, 000 48, 000 2,720, 000 2,015, 000 1, 459, 000 MRRMETIRNCS. 24. 2s--s2-0-- 22, 240, 000 18,594, 000 17, 182, 000 woah ee ee a 3,502, 48 COE: OO eek wee ake a MITA De '>o)h ass =--- <> tT ie eee Seed Payee gi a ussia proper®.........| 34,706,000 |.....---.---)------------} Boardcoy nan |ansc tore rn rnc a OE TL ee SR Coe eee Min o-< a hehe canes eee ae Northern Caucasia 985. Ame) ee Teo Mets bic.us OPAL On 222 pertee ye ON WE MAERD |. Sb aveedd linea as -—n§) SON; WA0s VOW )-- -- era wens sfi oe 22 Sania) oo fusers 2 -ccocanf) © 272,000 |... 5.322 0-}.<--2 9-22) “oso? Onn Ia nat gag | 80,474, 000 Spalfit.. 2. ..22..2-..--+---- Proreiote fee cc ese aa seas ~~ United Kingdom: hit OS 6 Se ee re , 676, £081: 0000S once ne eunx VP eee oe 5 § 4 Gontianties Sees. -.'22- - LACES Ge es See Total United King- Oe te er eer i j 176, 049, 000 | 214,727,000 | , 564, 000 iste Sor zhi, | Hee. "2,267,431,000- keys bes aoe See 1 No official statistics. 6 Data for 1913. 2 Data for 1907. 6 Data for 1914. 8 Galicia and ukowina not included. 7 Data for 1910. 4 Data for 1915. 8 Excludes territory occupied by the enemy. 474 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. OATS—Continued. TABLE 28.—Oats: Area and production in undermentioned countries, 1916-1918—Contd. { Arex. | Production. Country. : | 1916 | 1917 1918 | 1916 | 1917 1918 : | aah a ASIA. Acres. Acres. Acres. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels, Cypitines.. 7: 2cMewee Joe. CMT ee ee 2405, 000 |... -.n.5 20) Russia: DILL Lia i... #7” Central Asia (4 govern- | | mentSi00), coe 65a 2 O86 OOO n sc one ses ct leak scnteetoeet 2 16,422, 000 |... «:-.du pe oe ee Siberia (4 governments / Gf); 52 ee eee 255161000). ot ose ct oe eee ee 268,381, 000 Transcaucasia (1 gov- ernment of).........- FF DOO fice cee ter bk: aime mies Care 2 36, 000 otal. ya.cee ee G51493000) a0 222.5 [eceeteceeces 84, 839, 000 | Nobels < occu we vu see oe] Joke ope easel owe ah Deane 85, 244, 000 | “AFRICA. AI PerIO 2). sects oe tatet ee 682, 000 588, 000 13, 140, 000 Lit eae ARES Bd thee 0) ee 124, 000 148, 000 2, 067, 000 Union of South Africa... ..- . 250, 000 201; 000!) 2 vee eee Total cx seduces does x |) ee FOR) 000 inital zeee aes eee 15, 207, 000 AUSTRALASIA. Australia: Queensland...... New South Wale WVietorianro.sce South Australia... Western Australia... .- PAsniania..... 02 sa5 a2 Total Australia’. .... New Zealand.............. Total Australasia. . .. Grand total.......... [-«ssennupivetocssevceeant peeeeaiaes 4, 138, 050, 000 | 1 No official statistics. 2 Data for 1915. 3 Less than 500 acres. 4 Including ‘‘Territories.” TaBLe 29.—Oats: Total production in countries named in Table 28, 1895-1916. Year. Production. | Year. Production. Year. Production. | Year. Production. ! Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. 1895....| 3,008, 154,000 |} 1901..... 2, 862,615,000 || 1907..... 3, 603, $96, 000 |), 1913..... 4, 697, 437, 000° 1896....| 2,847,115,000 || 1902..... 3, 626, 303, 000 || 1908.....] 3,591,012, 000 || 1914..... 4) 034, 857,000 1897....| 2,633,971,000 || 1903.....| 3,378,034,000 || 1909....- 4,312, 882,000 || 1915..... 4, 362; 713, 000 1898....| 2,903,974, 000 || 1904..... 3,611, 302, 000 || 1910..... 4, 182,410,000 || 1916.....| 4, 138,050, 000 1899....| 3, 256, 256,000 || 1905..... 3, 510, 167,000 || 1911..... 3, 808, 561, 000 1900....| 3, 166,002,000 || 1906..... 3, 544, 961, 000 |] 1912..... | 4,617,394, 000 TABLE 30.—Oats: Average yield per acre in undermentioned countries, 1890-1918. ; Russia d United ” United . Ger- : Hung *. Year. States. eid many.1 Austria. prope at France.? Bing. Average: Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels. q ALOU nS sg bandan va pawnee 26.1 17.8 40.0 So laehuccwons 29.8 6 1900-1909. ........ a Pee 29. 3 20.0 50. 7 29.8 30.7 31.6 3 3910-1994 5 as ee sme sy es a 80. 5 al, 54.7 37.5 31.9 31.0 9 31. D 8 23. 5 . . 1 25. 50. 2 32.0 26.8 29.6 5 28, 59.0 37.4 33.8 34.1 9 31. 51.3 31.5 26.8 29.8 3 24. 49.6 33.7 33.8 30.8 5 37. 54.1 36, 2 31.1 31.9 iz, 29. i 34.6 0 29. 33. 2 0 37. 30. 4 3 30. 5 36, a 34. . 1 Bushels of 32 pounds. 2 Winchester bus.cls. Statistics of Oats. 475 OATS—Continued. TaBLE 31.—Oats: Acreage, production, value, exports, etc., in the United States, 1849-1918. Notre.—Figures in italics are census returns; figures in roman are estimates of the Department of Agri- culture. Estimates of acres are obtained by applying estimated By gg of increase or decrease to the published numbers of the preceding year, except that a revised base is used for applying percentage estimates whenever new census data are available. Chicago cash price per 132, 485,000} 164] 183|. 16%] 18%| 37,725,083) 131, 204 147,975,000 21 | 23%] 26| 32) 73,880,307| 25,093 186,405,000} 26 | 273) 24] 273) 33,534,362) 28, 098 198, 168,000} 223} 23 | 214) 239) 45,048,857) 54, 576 Aver- bushel, contract.1. |Domesti¢e | tanorts, Aver- age on nding during age | produc- | fm Farm tmeal fiscal Year. | Acreage. | yield ion price} value, | pecomber, | Following | purci’ | _year per : DEO. Dade Wee eee May. Sn begin- acre. bushel year be- | ning Dee. 1. aa Suly 12 July 1.8 Low. High. Low.| High ‘ Acres. | Bush. Bushels. Cts. | Dollars. Cts.| Cts.| Cts.| Cts.| Bushels. | Busheis. “= oan en Meet DONS Soci. Are ccd eaten [Socata Reade 6 ve) silanated lena A Be A ay te ee ey [adda od a Pees CEN hen 1866. .| 8, 864, 000| 30.2] 268,141,000 35. i] 94,058,000] 36 | 43| 59 | 78) 825, 805|" "778, 108 1867. .| 10,082) 000] 27.6| 278,698,000, 44.5] 123,903/000/ 52] 57i|.....-|...-.. 122, 554} 780/798 1868. .| 9,666,000] 26.4) 254,961,000} 41. 7| 108,356,000] 43| 493) 563| 62i| 481, 871| 326,659 1869. .| 9,461,000} 30.5] 288,334,000) 38.0) 109,522,000) 40 443) 463 534 121,517 2, 266, 785 UC s A a eee eee CE as 4 yee SNR a eo Ee eo Se eee Oe eee (er ee ts 1870. .| 8,792,000] 28.1) 2477277,000| 39. 0| 96, 444, 000373] 4 | 474) “5i 147, 572| "599, 514 1871. .| 8,366,000] 30.6 255,743,000) 36.2} 92,501,000] 303} 33} 343| 425| + -282)975| 535,250 1872. .| 9,001,000] 30.2| 271,747,000| 29.9} 813047000] 235! 253] 30| 34| 714,072, 225/555 1873. .| 9,752,000} 27.7} 270,340,000 34.6] 93,474,000] 34 | 4081 44] 483! 812,873/ 191/802 1874. .| 10,897,000] 22.1} 240,369,000) 47. 1 113,134,000] 513] 543| 574 644| «504,770 1,500, 040 1875. | 11,915,000] 29.7| 354,318,000] 32.0] 11374417000 295 305! 288) 313| 1,466,228! 7 121547 1876. .| 13,359,000] 24.0| 320,884/000| 32. 4 103,845,000] 313] 3441 371/453] 278547128) 417507 1877. .| 12,826,000] 31.7| 406,394,000| 28.4] 115,546,000] 243 27 | 23 271 3,715,479) 21/391 1878. .| 13,176,000| 31.4| 413,579,000| 24. 6| 101, 752,000] 198| 203) 243| +303! 5,4527136| 137.395 1879. .| 12,6847000| 28. 7| 363, 761,000] 33.1] 120/533/000| 324| 363| 294, 342 766,366] 489° 57 EN ON 0/8) 107 S50 ONO Sonne Po 2. Lok [ieee] coc-cfaven--[ den snena-|-cee--e-0 1880. .| 16,188,000] 25.8] 417,885,000 36. 0] 150, 244,000] 293)" “334|""“36i|""“393]"" "402; 904)" "64, 412 1881. .| 16, 832,000] 24.7) 416, 481,000| 46. 4] 193,199,000] 434! 463/ 483| 5631 «625, 690) 1, $50; 983 1882. .| 18,495,000] 26.4] 488,251,000| 37.5] 182,978,000] 343] 413! 383/423! 461, 496| 815,017 1883. .| 20,325,000] 28.1} 571,302,000| 32.7] 187,040,000] 293! 363| 303| 343| 3,2747622| 121 089 1884. .| 21,301,000] 27.4| 583,628,000| 27. 7| 161/528,000| 22% 251/ 3441 37'| 6,203,104] 94” 310 1885. .| 22, 7847000] 27.6) 629,409,000 28.5] 17976327000 27 | 29 | 261 29| 77311/306| 1497 480 1886. .| 23,658,000] 26.4] 624,134,000 29.8] 186,138,000] 253/273] 25% + 273| 1,374,635] 1397575 1887. .| 25,921,000] 25.4] 659,618,000| 30. 4] 200, 700,000] 288] 30¢| 324 38| 7573;080| 1237 817 1888. .| 26,998,000] 26.0| 701;735,000/ 27.8] 195,4247000/ 25 | 262) 213 238! 1,191/471| 131,501 1889. .| 27,462,000] 27.4] 751;515,000| 22.9] 171,781,000] 20| 21 | 243/ 30 | 15,1077238| 1537 232 1889. .| 28,321,000) 28. bg Te ART 0.0 esd » ape (EN pen ee | adie, yal |e Se ee |» Sa ee ec) See 1890. .| 26,431,000] 19.8] 523,621,000| 42. 4| 222 048, 000} 393) 433)" -45i|" "54 | 1,382, 836)" “41, S48 1891. .| 25, 582/000] 28.9 738,394,000} 31. 5| 23273127000] 314| 33, + 284/ 333| 10,586,644] 47° 782 1892. .| 27,064,000] 24.4} 661,035,000 31.7] 209; 2547000] 258! 311; 28%} 321] 2'700,793) 497 433 1893. .| 27,273,000] 23.4} 638,855,000} 29. 4] 187)576,000} 273 29k! 321/ 36 | 6,290,229 31,759 1804. .| 27,0247000| 24.5 662/037,000| 32. 4| 21478177000} 283 273} 303| 1,708,824] 330,318 1895. .| 27) 878, 29.6) S24, 444,000] 19. 9] 163,655,000] 164) 17) 18 | 194] 15,158,618)” 66, 602 2 2 2 2 5 3 9 8 8] 208, 669,000] 213] 223) 273| 31 | 42,268,931} 32, 107 9] 293,659,000} 42] 48) 41] 493] 13,277,612] 38,978 .7| 303,585,000) 293] 32| 33g] 381 8 381,805, 150,065 784, 094, 000 34.1 267,662,000} 3411 38| 398 442] 13960,740 183; 983 1 7 279,900,000} 281) 32] 288) 32] 8,394,692} 55,699 277,048,000} 294) 323) 324) 343] 48, 434, 541 40, 025 . 7] 306, 293,000, 33] 353) 443) 484) 6,386,334) 91, 289 754, 443,000] 44. 3] 334,588,000) 464 50%] 523 564] 2,518,855] 383, 418 807,156,000} 47.2] 381,171,000, 488) 504| 564/ 624] 2,333,817) 6,691, 700 Lei Met SEU en enneel RE = aan Me Baca oR PY SEE YS Salad bree ANS! La oan pene at A 1,007, 143,000] 40.2} 405,121,000} 40] 45; 364) 434) 2,548,726] 1,034,511 1, 186,341,000) 34.4] 408,388,000} 31] 323} 314] 36] 3,845,850) 107,318 922,298,000} 45.0} 414,663,000) 463) 47 et 58 | 2,677, 749] 2, 622,357 1, 418, 337,000] 31.9] 452,469,000} 31] 313] 358] 43 | 36,455,474] 723, S99 1,121, 768,000] 39.2) 439,596,000} 378! 404) 37] 424) 2,748,743/22, 273,624 1, 141,060,000] 43. 8} 499,431,000] 464! 493) 504) 56 /100,609,272} 630, 722 . 811, 549,030,000] 36.1] 559,506,000} 4 44] 394} 494] 98,960,481] 665,314 . 11, 251, 837, 000) 52. 4} 655,928,000) 46 54 594 74 | 95, 105, 698 761, 644 1917. .| 43,553,000] 36.6'1,592, 740,000] 66. 6/1,061,474,000| 70%! Sc§) 72 | 793/125,134,57¢| 2,591,077 1918. .| 44,400, 000 84.611, 096,00, 090 71. 0/1,092,423,000) 68 744) pore fone Goce AS oes ef 1 Quotations are for No. 2 to 1996. 3 Oatmeal not included 1857 to 1882, inclusive, and 1909, 2 Oatmeal not included 1866 to 1882, inclusive. 4 Figures adjusted to census basis. _ oO Co 1 ‘ . wo — a] WWNWWNWNNKOWHNwWht DONE DOS MeN Go Gr = © GON Org PH OND RRAORWWOUNNOMEUNDRONENUONPPODRAORARORE SS = on we $ . 476 TaBLe 32.—Oats: Revised acreage, production, and farm value, 1879 and 1889-1909. OATS—Continued. [See head note of Table 4.] TABLE 33.—Oats: State. New Hampshire..... MGEROME., . ae 33, 353, 000 31.0] 1,034, 623,000 31.8 pets aa. | 33, 641, 009 24.9 807, 308, 000 44.3 SP eyes ) 34, 095, 000 24.9 847, 109, 090 47.3 See Sh Pee : 85, 159,000 30.4} 1,068, 289, 000 40.6 Dec. 1. mee BEN Seas Bee 3 Baae as BS i BRE: 2B a 38 S382 82282 83882 83858 838 3 2 ww —_ a Nene Ne = C _~ Be a a8 55 ES 3 Acreage, production, and total farm value, by States, 1917 and 1918. Thousands of acres. 1918 i917 120 17 82 Production (thousands of bushels). 1918 1917 1918 6, 760 3, 480 6, 084 912 646 793 4,223 2,952 3,801 480 259 437 84 62 76 912 594 821 51,660 42, 000 43, 394 3,400 2, 550 2, 686 47,190 40, 250 37, 752 175 128 1,980 1,457 1,703 5,175 5, 512 5,175 4,320 3,375 3,931 6, 500 4, 400 ,020 11, 000 6, 000 12,980 12, 000 8, 800 14, 280 1, 080 770 1,242 79, 200 78, 100 55, 440 85, 050 84, 924 56, 984 198,352} 239,200} 132,896 66, 320 55, 800 45, 761 110, 162 99, 000 , 809 134, 562 120, 250 81,774 229,572 | 251,364 146, 926 44, 196 59, 200 , 937 60, 512 38, 625 36,912 84, 240 72, 692 49, 702 56, 188 115, 444 36, 522 51,238 70; 804 37,404 9; 600 8, 060 8,640. Total value basis Dee. 1 price (thousands of dollars). 1917 2 ae wo ~ 3: S222 SZRES sSFle Serer Sy ae ot Statistics of Oats. OATS—Continued. 477 TABLE 33.—Oats: Acreage, production, and total farm value, by States, 1917 and 1918—Continued. Mississippi. Louisiana. -.. Texas. =. . Peeeeets see. Sans Wyoming........ Colorado. .....-... New Mexico ATPANGA =... 2c... Thousands of acres. Production (thousands of bushels). Total value, basis Dee. 1 (thousands of dollars). yrice 1918 7, 556 8) 701 5,992 1, 980 20, 421 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 325 290 8, 125 7, 250 428 420 8, 132 7, 560 280 300 5, 600 5,700 80 84 2; 000 1,873 1,510 1,425; 22,197 37,050 1,380 1,150 33, 120 26, 450 442 340 9) 520 680 680 20, 400 13, 600 285 263 11 685 9, 468 293 293 9, 669 117134 45 45 1, 260 1,350 11 10 440 400 98 100 4,410 4, 400 14 14 532 560 237 250 9, 480 9, 500 310 292 8,370 11, 242 361 365 9 025 9, 125 175 196 5, 600 6, 860 44,400] 43,553 | 1,538,359 | 1,592,740 1, 092, 423 / 1, 061, 474 TasieE 34.—Oats: Production and distribution in the United States, 1897-1918. Old stock on farms Aug. 1. (000 omitted.] Stock on Shipped out of Crop. Total Weight supplies Quantity * per Quality. : bushel. Bushels. Lbs. Peet. Bushels. 698, 768 28.6 87.6 769, 907 730, 907 30.5 84.5 775, 461 796,178 29.7 89.5 $46,715 809, 126 31.3 89. 2 863,340 736, 809 31.1 83.7 784, 522 987, 843 30.7 86.7 | 1,018,413 784, 094 31.0 79.9 857, 446 894, 596 29.7 91.4 936, 790 953, 216 31.5 92.4 1, 009, 052 964, 905 32.0 88.2] 1,032,593 754, 443 29. 4 77.C 822,701 807, 156 29.8 81.3 844, 953 1,007, 143 32.7 91.4 | 1,033, 466 1, 186, 341 32.7 93.8 | 1,250,541 , 298 31.1 84.6 i 1, 418, 337 33.0 91.0 | 1,453,212 1, 121, 768 32.1 89.1 | 1,225, 684 1, 141, 060 31.5 86.5 | 1,203, 527 1, 549, 030 33.0 87.5 | 1,604, 637 1, 251, 837 31.2 88.2] 1,365,565 1, 592, 740 33. 4 95.1 1, 640, 574 1, 588, 359 33. 2 93.6 | 1,619,783 Bushels. 271, 729 283, 209 290) 937 292' 803 226, 393 364, 926 273, 708 347, 166 379, 805 | 384, 461 267,476 278, S47 365, 438 442, 665 289, 989 604, 249 419, 481 379, 369 598, 148 394, 211 599, 208 588, 421 Bushels. 204, 147 193, 527 223,014 242, 850 143, 398 258, 438 223 959 261; 989 277" 133 266, 182 210, 923 244, 444 329) 255 363, 103 265, 944 438,130 297, 365 335, 539 465, 823 514, 117 418, 480 478 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. OATS—Continued, TABLE 35.—Oats: Yield per acre, price per bushel Dec. 1, and value per acre, by States. | F Value Yield per acre (bushels). Farm Poontaye bushel per acre z (dollars). Bod Bof g State. eS | ES Bod | i=7) 2 e in gs gs a = aS olnl|Nlolatlololmlo lsu [| ol] Em | wo 1] oo] o $9/2/2/8/8/8|2/2 18/5 |8 (683/318 /8 |e lal e 37. 837.0 42. 4/38. 5 34. 6/40. 0 41. 0/40. 0.36.0 29.0.40.0| 61) 57) 45) 67) 85) 90/25. 9886.00 37.131.5 42.8 33.8 39. 0/35. 0 38. 038.037.038.038.0) 63) 58) 54 69) 84) 87/26.6133.06~ 138. 5 32.2 41.5)35.0 43. 0139.0 42. 5/43. 0/32. 0 36.0.41.0 61; 55) 53, 65) 85) 90/26.8936.90 135.2 31.0 35. 5 35. 0 34. 0/35. 0 37. 0/36. 0/32.037.040.0) 61) 56) 51) 66) 81) 91/25.31 36.40 30. ik: ge sina "he 6/26. His 5/33. 0/27. che 1% 0} 60) 58 ‘ 75| 90) ain 32. 127.5 36.8135. 130. 7/28. 0.29. 0/32. 5|30. 0:33. 0/38. 0} 60) 55 55 69) 79) 90/22.96 34.20 33. 0/28. 2 34. 5/29. 5 30. 8/33. 5.31. 5/40. 5/26.035.0.41.0) 55 51 45) 62) 75) 84/22.22 34.44 31.325. 5 37. 1/28. 5 27. 6|29. 0 29. 0/32. 5|30. 0/34. 0/40. 0 55, 54, 48) 61) 70) 79)20.9931.60 32. 726.035. 2/28. 3 33. 1/31. 030. 0/38. 0/31.0'35.0:39.0| 53) 51) 44) 57) 73 21.29 31.20 30 sir aor iy se i yee ie 5/30. “ics te 0) 56 50, 51) 62) 78 Biaeen 30.45 Mile ses ccbaeee ee 29.5 25. 430. 0 27. 0:30. 0 28. 0/27. 0/34. 0 29.5 31.033.0) 56, 52 49 al 75 hiathaa ss Nil cccosk nae cue cs 21.6 19.0 22.0 20. 0,22. 2 21. 5/15. 525. 0/23. 524. 5/238.0) 62) 58 55) 63, 84) 100 16. 22 23.00 Wav cnt see 2 24. 7/22. 0,25. 2 22. 0/28. 0 24. 0/20. 0/29..0/23.0'27.0/27.0) 60) 55 51) 64 79) 9117.2824.57 ING Oe coe on ee ae a 18.3 16.5 18.2 16. 5)18.6 19.5 17. 5/23.0)17.516.020.0) 71) 65 62) 74 93) 108 15.01 21.60 Si Goce ccc ae 20. 1/21.0)21. i 4/21. il 5,20. 0/19. 0/18.0)15.0,22.0) 78) 71 67 80 100, 11816. 2 al GA Schog oo wis Bere oe 19. 6/19. 0)18. 2 21. 5/20. 8 aa ah. 5/19. 5}16.0/20.0) 79) 70, 66, 79) 117 Baier 23.80 DOE ent cutee ake were 16. 7,17.0)16. 2 13. 5)17.2 18.0 18. 0,20. 0 15. 0)14.0/18.0 78| 70, 70) 71) 98) 11514.33 20.70 Ohioe 2425.2 -5402 36. 4/32. 5,37. 2 32. 1/44. 0 30. 2 30. 5/41. 0/28.0'44.0'44.0) 46) 45) 36) 53) 64) 70 20.46 30.80 PR cose stewadigws 33. 9/30. 5 35. 4 28. 7/40. 121.4 28. 5 40.0/30.0.42.042.0) 44) 43 34 51) 63| 6719.1528.14 TW aso 20es 5: “nah ele oe i se ps ie: Hears 44, 44 "| 51) 65) 67 gion em '30. .0 28. 6 34.9 30.033. 5/42. 0/30.0'36.0.40.0! 46) 45 35 53) 64) 6919.26 27.60 35.0 29.8 29.8 37.3 36.5 27. 0/46. 5/37. 0/44.046.6| 45, 43 36, 51) 66) 67:21.5031.22 . 7.22.8 41. 737.8 28. 0.43. 0/26.5.37.0/41.0) 41) 40) 32) 47] 63 63 17.31 25.83 8 25. 5/44. 2/34. 5/33. 0/40. 0/37.0/47.042.0} 41] 41) 32) 48) 63) 6420.12 26.88 -6)14. 8:33. ee 2/21. 5|26. 0/25. 0/40. shad 0} 47 “| 38) 53) 61 15. ae .0 23. 5/41. 4/25. 7/28. 0/40. 0/21. 5/15. 0/23. 5) 39) 37, 27) 44) 62) 61/10.85 14.34 .0| 7.433. 8 26. 5/27. 5/42. 0/30. 5/34.039.0) 40) 38) 28 46) 61) 5916.00 23.01 8.0 13. 9.24. 426. 5.32. 0/32. 0/35. 5/38.0/22.2) 42) 40) 31| 47] 61) 65)15.4014.43 .3.15. 0,32. 0/19. 5'33. 5/26. 5|23. 5|31.0)22.0) 47, 42) 37) 55) 64, 73)14. 54 16.06 0/18. 4/26. 9,19. 8/21. 0/26. 0/21. 0/26. ae 0} 57] 53, 48) 60) 76) 90/15. “aaa . 019. 5/21. 7/21. 0/23. 0/24. 5/21. 0/25. 0)/25.0) 59) 53) 50 93 16. 29 23.25 3. 5/19. 2/20. 0/20. 5/22. 0/19. 0/17. 5}18.019.0} 74) 69) 63 07 15.79 20.33 . 2/18. 4/17. 4/20. 0/23. 0/21. 5)18.0}19.020.0) 71] 65| 60 07/16. 09 21.40 . 5/21. 0/20. 8/22. 0/23. 0/25. 0/19. 0/22. 3/25.0} 66) 63) 55 99/17.37,24. 75 5.0/25.1 ear ae a Sear See 5 : 48) 42 92,15. 83.13. 52 NS Se eee 23. 2/29. 0/36. 5 pclae 18. 0/27. 5/27. 0)12. 5)23.0/24.0) 50) 41) 35 8413.05 20.16 1) epee, ei 24, 2/22. 8127. 5/20. 019. 9126. 5|24. 0/27. 0)21.0/28.0.25.5| 60| 53) 52 88 16.90 22. 44 Bites ci Bce autre ae 10. 6/51. 3/38. 0.49. 8/48. 0/43. 5/35. 0/52. 0/38.0/20.0.30.0) 47| 39) 32 80 17.67 24.00 WUD fcc s boarded 37.035. 0/32. 0.34. 5/41. 8/38. 0/35. 0/42.0/35.0/36.041.0, 54 48) 43 80 23. 49 32. 80 COlO Hs a5 «0057 20> de 37. 3,38. 0/39. 1/35. 0/42. 8/35. 0 nohe | eeiae 4 53) 45) 41 a me 1 fl | Ts ae 33. 2/40. 0/27. 4'38. 8/34. 7/30. 0/38. 0/36. 0/29. 0/30. ted 62 45} 50 8920.93 24.92 ARs 0s ote 10. 3.37.0/40. 1 42.044. 7 43. 0/42. 0,37..0/37.5,40.0/40.0) 78 70, 64 96} 120 33.90 48.00 10,77: ee eae Be 15. 6 46. 143.0 44. 7/46. 4 46.050. 047.043. 5)44.0/45.0) 57, 43 45) 85) 97/30. 05 43. 65 <1 ae aera 43. 1/40. sae a a 0/52. 0/45. 0/43. 1 038.0, 70, 55 55 96, 118 ee | IGADO. ss 0 n2 0 dine dy a, alaucblbc ola as. otén: 81a. oe deena 50; 38 34 77| 9424. 56 37.60 yh EES S Sa 8 45.449. 0/42. 8 51. 7/48. 2/47. 5/47. 0/50. 0/52. 0/38. 5/27.0) 53 42) 37 98 24. 48 26,46 OrdtssS5-a deb dh 36. 4.37. 834.5 34. 7/38. 2 12.335. 0)44.0/48.025.0)25. 0) 52) 45) 37 96 19. 66 24.00 01): ES SGP 34.0/31. 437.0 34. 0/39. 0.31. 6,35. 0/33.0)32.5,35.0/32.0) 64 53) 50 94 23. 66 30.08 Pa a ed pu pet pe peel ne, al Nahe, | 8 I - See? naa igede ae ceer indian 2 viata ip a medi 34.6 46.1 o<_ 1/52. 460. 1 | 1 Based upon farm price Dee. 1. 479 Statistics of Oats. OATS—Continued. Farm price, cents per bushel on first of each month, 1909-1918. TABLE 36.—Oats Date. SPONTORMH ODMH UE lied Tad hah maha oo 1 AMAMASOMOON SSSsSStRSRR ATAHANSONROMOAN ANGST Se essa BABB oABBaws AM AININODNR AMAA SASHBASASHSAGAG BRSBASSSISIG Carts ON HINA BWSASKGA Shorts SRGRBEFRARAS HOr~OoCntH HHO BAAANASSHAtAaN BEISLIISSRSSS AAMMHOCMPAMrNONO sigpsaetscetn tans BSSSRSSRSESS ASrABOAMOMONSO RRARZRERRESE ....| 74.7| 62.7| 44.0] 42.51 40.9 36.8 | 41.4 | 38.7 | 39.9 | d6ad | AROMIZES 22-2 = TABLE 37.—Oats: Condition of crop, United States, on first of months named, 1898-1918. *poqsoa “IBY WOT AL “qsn3any TMODHowma ‘Soo ieinir of RERRSRES A BESRSZe BPASCHARQAOA *poaysoa “IBY UOT A, “qsnsny “Arne | -oune | Year. RIZBSSAS Et te yer: RSESZESS Tture. gricu Yearbook of the Department of A 480 “SIGI-OIGT OGM € “ON r 00°€| $%°% 6s | te | 629 | fos | zs 9°94 | {66 | ito \°****----oeq-4qne 1.°%| 02° 9°22 | 88 6°88 | 126 crores" "*-zaquraoeqy G22] 0L% 9°99 | Fez FC TOR ao Na oeere ~* JaqUIaAON 00°€| 0g % ¢°09 | $09 9 (5 cla Recta cata ~**1990700 008] ¢3°% ¥ 09 PSD OL POD Feet eee Jaquiejdag $6°%| oh'% 0 F9 | bz8 Cae OOo) ae ate coe qsnany 0S Z| 92% £°82 ONDR RG: 1 Oh ener tars --*---Ame ——SSo eS OO OOS OOS OSS SS eS = 96 °3] 96 °T 09 | LL Ba PT £82 eunr—uer ¢9'%} 08% $°29-| ¥TL 99 LOL 2 SRA SOR 1" 80) (ape te te tee eune 06 Z| 09% 8°0L | 92 2°89 9°SL $°9L Petcare ne Sees “"£ $62] TZ 7 9°0L| LL P99 FOL DST A RHE... [OE ane ote ke ie eee Tady 422 °2| 496 T 9°19 | 29 Z'8¢ 6 EL B°OR PSL Ra sie ee ay ge qoIeyL {20 '%| 96" L°9¢ | foo bts 1-29 C20) 2) Yate ots ee 4zeniqedg {20 '%| 00% 8°99 | Ese T"9¢ 39 C001 FR: Se ee Arenuel et Make > es lien iy ee eS ae eM A “eaters | So See ee ieee, Meals L161 #202) _0¢°T Fs¢ 0's¢ S5005]) FON See: lees oa oaq—Ajor #29 I] 428° g¢ FSF TVG | ELS Pee ee ee auny—uee 9161 0¢'T] 08 'T 9 A ie aes ie a ect oeq-An¢ ¢8'T] OFT §19 TO POD ol BES . Argentina.......... 52,754 55,421 Roumania.........- 10, O12 | aoc. fount eens > Bulgaria ee ea WS 12-ceewese: Russias 22-2. ssyees- 65, 279 Zi. Weceeee = 16, 583 72,058 Bwederts=.o. 2 2se4e 2, 342 |. 5.25 32cee eee 412 7 United Kingdom...| 1, 411 1,271 -lsceceoehes pM ee eee United States...... 12,592 | 101,411 98, 689 151 4 Other countries. - - 8, 727 |. cane soot 433 9 | — - - Ug 7 A ie ae A ep ‘Totalt pues 234, 427 |: cdma dna SRA | IMPORTS. : INTO— INTO— Austria-Hungry. -. Bykebel 8 es. atecoeme ee Philippine Islands. ht eee BS io lea cctes nes act amouewes LISSISs c= 2k. Sees Denmark. .\3.3.¢.2. 4,126 we Ea Swodern.<.:.5 2923 Cae. ee. 2's ses |aae exe > =~ Weerca ese. s-- v=. - >= 35, 000 |..---+--+---]------+ 2777 24,872, 000 |.-.------+--- be artetan eae Total Japanese Em- pire s,c.022--s0.-c--| 4,265,000 |-...--+----+]---2<-=-"77- 114, 258, 000 |....---------)ee2e--022 22: SSS eee Ru ssia: Central Asia (4 govern- e . ments of)...--------- 2 350,000 |...-------+-[--+222220*° 23,278, 000 |..---------+-|-e-2e20 807 Siberia (4 governments yas tie eee ee 2651, 000 |..----------|---e-e2e 025" 25,758,000 |....-<---+2+-[---2eeeeeee* Transcaucasia (1 gov- | ernment of)-..------- 22,000 |..----------|--eee-22207° ; 238,000 |....:--------}--eoeeeerere Matals» seule. /uae- vee 21,003,000 |....-.--+---|---+--e0e25° 29,069,000 |.....------++ fag. AS Ss bop ae 13, 192,000 |......------)---2-+e+-22- 272, 980, 000 |....-2----++ ey 1 Galicia and Bukowina not included. 6 Data for 1910. 2 Data for 1915. 6 Excludes territory occupied by the enemy. 8 Data for 1913. 7 No official statistics. + Data for 1914. ea 484 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. BARLEY—Continued. Tas.e 40.—Barley: Area and production in undermentioned countries, 1916-1918—Contd, Area. Production. Country. 1916 1917 1918 1916 AFRICA, Acres Acres Acres. Bushels Algortac: ii. ..5 sees 3,009,000 | 2,839,000 | 2,794,000 35, 969, 000 WP Vibe eat wena cecuee 439, 000 445, 000 336, 000 13, 161, 000 DIS 2 n.3 3's ato see 1, 233,000 | 1,038,000 | 1, 238, 000 4,914, 000 Union of South Africa... -.... 64, 000 57, 000 58, 000 I Total.« <2 wedi oeeww aes $949; 000. hes arenraaram meerSll daperreta tunel = 54, 044, 000 AUSTRALASIA, Australia: Queensland..........-- 1, 000 13, OOO). oo cceussns 8, 000 New South Wales. ....-. 6, 000 5000: | / -ceaewitey «2 115, 000 Victotine.© cs. sasac- se ae 61, 000 95,000: |oo0ces eowese 1, 735, 000 South Australia........ 85, 000 1045000 «|: scaseus sc 1, 698, 000 Western Australia. ... 10, 000 11,000 |occcccvenceu 131, 000 ‘TLasmanig. 220 65).52.22 5, 000 OGO' tS Saas cee. siz 116, 000 Total Australia....... 170, 000 250000 12 eetceso~ co 3, 802, 000 New Zealand:...........-.. 30, 000 30, 000 31, 000 $20, 000 Total Australasia... . 200, 000 260, 000+) acoasuswe ced 4,622, 000 Grand total. . 02.255: RG Pee Base sean noo sene| tauteeee aes 1, 529, 031, 000 1 No official statistics. TABLE 41.—Barley: Total production of countries named in Table 40, 1895-1916. Year. Production. Year. Production. Year. Production. Year. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. 1895. ... 915, 504,000 |} 1901....-. 1,072, 195,000 || 1907..... 1, 271, 237,000 |} 1913..... 1896....] 932,100,000 |} 1902..... 1, 229, 132,000 || 1908..... 1, 274,897,000 || 1914..... 1807. = os 864, 605,000 |} 1903..... 1, 235, 786, 000 |} 1909..... 1, 458, 263,000 |} 1915..... 1898....} 1,030,581,000 || 1904..... 1, 175, 784, 000 || 1910..... 1,388, 734,000 || 1916..... 1899... . 965, 720,000 |} 1905..... 1, 180,053,000 || 1911..... 1,373, 286, 000 1900....| 959,622,000 |! 1906..... 1, 296,579,000 |) 1912..... 1, 466, 977, 000 Russi United | (euro. | Get | Austria. | HUneary | Prance.2 Year. States. | bean) | many! proper. tren Average: Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels. 1890-1899........... 23.4 13.3 29.4 pM I EES oe 22.6 39.8 1900-1909... .. 25.5 14.3 35.3 26.3 23.4 23.6 35.0 LYLE Soo cp cunsevaedwd ase 24.6 15.7 38.0 29.1 25.0 24.6 34.4 yp eee eee ee 3 13.0 35. 2 26.1 26.8 20.8 36.1 Wid dae onc ch da sen sataeee 8 14.2 38.2 27.3 23.1 24.4 36.8 Oe OR AA er en Apap oe a l 14.2 34.9 25.2 21.3 22.6 34.9 A SR at at ame ge FB me! pee Aan 5 17.9 39.5 28.4 25.1 25.4 38.9 Oh ES ee a pe yrs 5 16.3 34.4 24.9 19.7 23.5 34.3 1 Ay (inafeph ey Pee LY Nye ep bt Cy, 0 14.4 87.0 27.5 26.9 25.0 34.0 IOS cad at ie athe hele ok Soe 7 16. 2 40.7 29.7 26.9 26.1 33.1 Ot RE a are gia aa Mae Sh ae 8 18.5 41.3 29.7 27.6 24.5 35.1 11 CaaS EN EO SAE BBL 9! Heer: 8 12.9 36.8 33.8 24.1 24.0 35.6 Rete wee Beret thier a schintaaenied 0 14.7 28.4 18.8 19.7 19.7 381.8 sD) Rial lig | Bans PS Be Pio i BAP Mattia sa ieee 23.8 33.0 Ch EE AR.) ee a Paes 7 126.8 33.0 1918. cnust Soc ten clone cee a ae | Bushels of 48 pounds. 2 Winchester bushels. Statistics of Barley. 485 BARLEY—Continued. Tasie 43.—Barley: Acreage, production, value, exports, etc., in the United States, 1849-1918. Note.—Figures in italics are census returns; figures in roman are estimates of the Department of Agri- culture. Estimates of acres are obtained by applying estimated percentages of increase or decrease to the published numbers of the preceding year, except that a revised base is used for applying percentage esti- mates whenever new census data are available. Chicago cash price per Aver- bushel, low malting Ay- age to fancy.! Domestic! ge . s erage | Produc- fot) Bot. eee pene, ate ear. creage. | yie : price value ollowing iseal year| J = a per tion. per Dec. 1. December. May. beginning begin acre. bushel eS | nly L July 1 pes Low. | High.| Low. | High. | Acres. |Bush.| Bushels. | Cents.| Dollars. Cents, Cents.| Cents.|Cents.| Bushels. | Bushels. “yd paper aes ORE a, WR 2 OS. oh DA Sale. aoe weed Amnteel > 19h Geena peeaaae 15, 826,000|.......|. Pic 8 BR ees b Sethe febsceoh ae, 1se dovtab eee Se 493, 000| 22.9| 11,284,000 70.2] 7,916,000| 59| 70| 85] 100|.......... | 3, 247, 250 1,131,000] 22.7] 25;727000| 70.1| 18,028,000] 150| 189| 227| 250 9.810, 3,783, 966 937,000] 24.4] 22°896/000| 109.0| 24,948,000] 140| 170| 149] 175 9,077] 5,069, S80 1,026,000 27.9| 287652/000| 70.8| 20,298,000 74| 85| 950| 62| 255,490) 6, 727,597 227 pein ite, Cees TS RET eR aed DISS. (ORE heel arena shea Dl bakit 1,109,000 23.7| 26,295,000| 79.1} 20,792,000 6s| 80| 72| 95) 340,093) 4,866, 700 1,114,000] 24.0] 26,718,000] 75.8| 20,264,000 553] 64] 55] 71| 86,801) 5,565,591 1,397,000] 19.2] 26,846,000] 68.6] 18,416,000 60| 70| 71| 85| 482,410) 4) 214°751 1,387,000] 23.1) 32,044,000] 86.7} 27,794,000] 132| 158| 130] 155 | 320,399) 4) S91, 189 1581; 000] 20.6| 32,552,000] 86.0| 27,998,000, 120| 1203 115] 137| 91,118) 6, 255,063 1,790,000] 20.6| 36,909,000] 74.1 27,368,000, s1| ss | 623, 723! 317, 781/10, 285,957 1,767,000} 21.9] 38,710,000] 63.0, 24,403,000] 633] 683| 80} 85 | 1,186,129) 6, 702) 965 1669,000| 21.4] 35,638,000] 62.5| 22/287,000| 564 64 | 463] 524| 3,921; 501) 6, 764, 298 1,790,000] 23.6| 42,246,000 57.9| 2474547000/ 91| 100| 64| 73 715,536) 5,720,979 1,681,000] 24.0] 40,283,000] 58.9} 237714/000, 86| 92] 75| 80 | 1,128,923) 7,135,258 RS gh Ea ii al Si ai a ac aa Ee i eel MAES Daihen 1,843,000 24.5] 45,165,000 66.6] 30,091,000 100| 120| 95] 105| 885,246) 9,528, 616 1,968,000] 20.9| 417161,000| 82.3] 33/863/000| 101| 107] 100] 100| 205,930) 2° 182) 722 2’ 272’ 000| 21.5| 4879547000] 62.9} 30,768,000] 79| 82| 80] 80| 433,005,10,050, 687 2'379,000| 21.1) 50,136,000} 58.7} 29,420,000] 62| 67| 65] 74| _ 724,955) 8,596,122 ”'609,000| 23.5} 61,203,000 48.7| 29,779,000 53| 58} 65| 65| 629,130) 9,986,507 2,729,000} 21.4| 58,360,000 56.3} 32,868,000/ 62| 65| 58] 60| 252,18310,197,115 2;653,000| 22.4} 50,428,000] 52.6! 31/841/000| 51] 54| 57| 57 | 1,305,300/19,355,504 27 902 000] 19.6| 56,812,000] 51.9| 29,464,000 80] so| 69| 77 | "550,8S4|10, 831, 461 996,000| 21.3} 63,884,000] 59.0] 37,672,000|......|......|------|-.---- | 1,440, 321/11, 368” 414 3; 221/000} 24.3| 787333000] 41.6] 32,614,000/ 58 | a8 |-.---.|..- £22} 1) 408, 31111, 332, 545 MORIA OL HO T8IST OOO! looker dene sfeccet .| 2-04 c|-5-22-|------|oano-ne00 eee 3,135,000] 21.4| 67,168,000] 62.7| 42,141, 000|......|......|------|-.---+ 973, 062| 5,078,733 3,353, 000| 25.9| 86,839,000| 52.4] 45,470,000|......|......|------|------ 2, 800,075] 3,146,328 400,900} 23.6] 80,097,000] 47.5] 38,026,000| 65 | 67| 65| 65 | 3,035,267) 1,970,129 372207000 21.7| 69,869,000] 41.1] 287729/000| 52] 54| 55| 60 | 5,219,405, "791,061 3,171,000; 19.4) 61)400,000| 44.2) 27,134) 533} 5oh| 51| 52! 1,563,754] 2,116,816 3,390,000; 26.4] 87,073,000! 33.7| 29,312,000] 33] 40| 25| 36 | 7,680,331} 837,384 2;951,.000| 23.6 69,695,000] 32.3} 227 491,000/ 22] 37] 243] 35 [20,030,301] 1,271,787 2’ 719,000} 24.5| 66,685,000 37.7| 25,142,000] 253, 42] 36 | 53 |11,237,077| "124, 804 2) 5837000! 21.6| 55,792,000] 41.3} 23,064,900] 40 | 503] 36 | 42 | 2'267)403) 110, 475 2’ 878,000] 25.5| 737382,000| 40.3} 2975947000] 35| 45 | 36] 44 (23,661,662) 189,757 PEF MEO WEL 119. GH OOD 2 onc <-a-dcoccln--ca[senctafe«--a-[aensa.|-cccceccee|eone-onnes 2,894,000} 20.4} 58,926,000] 40.9] 24,075,0001 37] 61] 37| 57 | 6,293,207; 171,004 4, 296,000} 25.6] 109/933,000] 45.2} 497705,000/ 56] 63| 64| 72/| 8,714,268) 57,406 4; 661,000} 29.01 1347954000} 45.91 61,899,000| 36| 70| 48| 56|8)420/1411 56) 462 4,993,000] 26.4] 1317861/009| 45.6] 60,166,000, 42] 613| 38| 59 10,881,627] 90,708 5,146, 000| 27. 2| 139,749,000] 42.0] 58,652,000] 38] 52| 40} 50 (10,661,655) 81,020 5,096,000} 26.8] 136,551,000] 40.5] 54,993,000] 37| 53| 42] 55}17,729,360| 18, 049 6,324,000] 28.3] 178,916,000] 41.5] 747238/000| 44] 56| 66| 85 | 8/238,842] 3s"319 6, 448,000] 23.8] 153,597,000] 66.6] 102/299/000| 78 | 102| 60| 75 | 4,349,078] 199, 741 6, 646, 000| 25. 1| 166,756,000] 55.4] 92)442000| 57] 643] 66 | 75 | 6,580,393) 2, 644 I NN NO Di on as haat bs = oth neues sMh-eey femiin eal ue ea 4, 545, 000 | 21.1 96, 041, 000 40.5 38, 896, 000 100205 Seles wea Se eR 4, 742, 000 25.7 121, 784, 000 45.2 55, 068, 000 jC 7 ee en eee ee ee 5, 126, 000 29.1 149, 389, 000 45.5 67,944, 000 1OG8 aor. Users sees bast. Seas 5, 568, 000 26.4 146, 864, 000 45.4 66, 700, 000 gL et Seas See ae 5, 912, 000 27.4 162, 105, 000 41.6 67, 427,000 IOUS Ree EO aes Ee eee ae 6, 250, 000 27.2 170,174, 000 39.4 67,095,000 . NOOB? OS See Se a8) ek, ee / 6, 730, 600 28.6 192. 270, 000 41.6 80, 069, 000 LOG e eee ee er eet coe tecen ee 6,941, 000 24.5 170, 008, 000 66.3 112, 675, 000 WOO G PAR ck oe oe A es ee eee 7, 294, 000 25.3 184, 857, 000 55. 2 102, 037,000 WOM ec cent f fecee ss Suess sek 7,699, 000 | 24.4 187, 973, 000 54.8 102, 947, 000 TaBie 45.—Barley: Acreage, production, and total farm value, by States, 1918. [000 omitted.] / F | arm State. Acreage. at pl | yalue State. Acres. | Bushels. | Dollars Maine. 3 ee Alt 12 447 || Kansas............. New Hampshire -..| 1 32 48 || Kentucky.......... Wein ote. shes s5 5: 16 496 759 || Tennessee.......... NOw. Work: 2c occ. 125 3, 938 4,962 OSES co. pass Sainw oe Pennsylvania. ..... 15 420 504 || Oklahoma.......... Marylatid . .. <0 .-..! 6 186 223;\|| DAGHUANS << 2. ocean we VWingsiitest saeco we 12 324 518 |} Wyoming.......... Olige> tistee.. 100 3,150 2,930 |] Colorado. .......... Ini hs. Cee ee 45 1, 665 1,732 || New Mexico........ TON 5 5 = Awe be 250 9, 000 8,100 IRONS AS | oduoav weds | SRSRR RSARR KRASAR NS5q Siss KRSSS RASRIR a re HOM AMD ORO = [--—3, ~~ 19 1 0) 00 19 1 Ne [—] noooe O19 6 io 4) ~ = Seats Hise conn ee sor | 8888 RESTS SHRVZ KLSSE HSASH SERLS =AR5 |X * 5 ae BRSERZEEEE & 1 a~) =< i) a onc S —J- 5) = a eh O19. ~o [—) a a 1 uD ~ * S| 3 zrot | SRSSS SSRSh SABES SSS5S SEXES SHSRS SAR | 5 _ | ha aeene ee S ae . aT.) ino nye er) in ra) i] > iD = = = “SSRNRESSERs x ; ay or6r | SSSSR RKRSES SSRESR SRSER SRSEK BSSRE BOBS | . ® = N Sia oe Scand i eis Sos 3B s 2 | aS) CT6T RRERK REBSS SRSSS IEIGE KLSRRB ARRSR BSRSS | 5 3 Bhs battens bohm a = Sam AS t iD Le ao i] <3 = | = “F525 BSSELS = g FI6I | BOeeR SRBS is SESE SeBs Sas Bos ie ned 5 A, s | 2 aa S SS oe * "ST61-6061 | SERS KERR Se Sans Rees Se 3 Ae Los Cea eas ee | “10AB — 1BOA-OT Fe ee TEE RPC PS er bet, a Ho oono Sw 1 ign: On kak ene 8 siot | pechat al! Sco sihe ‘ He Sa 8 is i a ee 4 3 5) ELAN Seager > wer | ues = x ei Mok eee eae ‘aaa ls o & My Ard ent Rita, Cane ~ RAR RE RS Shee SRRPR BRAGS BARS RARRIR = od Sd _¥ cole welt ainiareche “] Is eee & $8 SSLaNsaeens S | .. |. 6) RXRRA SHSRS ASSRR GARSR RENNS Skesd Siskin |g @ EESARSRSSSISS 5 7) | mWOoSCow SSSCOO WMHSSO Sesso SSeNseo SSeSseHne BNSS TS 5 3 ——— Bil g erst | ideal Sddds xdede _saudg¢ sasala |= 2 [9 Deipeb esr crarpe nye oe 9 eee SNSSS MOMMA SSSHS MOSSS gecela s © | £82 | “sescdddesed + & : ret | RNRRA SRRAR SANSS S8SEn SSssia | s ~ Bae x x 2 BOSSS —Seone Sooswe woos -onSS || 2-8, 7 s g exot | ; RAREN uS“d Hdods daddd sedala [2 § a | weosSesagees 5 5 ; Slide} ehe de Seb packr Pacheco SEI pe gs RESLEZSS nga toe exer | kadae dadae | 4 es > | uo] ei Des x SwHeoas HANOHeR SCOSOHO SCOHNSSO SSooOC ICO Ps & | s ust | aaa oeced diss aeeeg dssdla | $§ | 3 | wepgeagegiss 3 rn | Bo cen atac uedcd a eoame ate S | gs | péssdddeded = oret adage “Sede Nésag ddsss sada 2 | 606 | rosso SnSese Sneoe Socae gene | a S . A OANSOMONIDD § vs MS AAMNR KSNSA ASRS SSSSS SSR ia " See igidicagdy = ‘SIG1-G06T ‘a58 [9 SVG (SaaS, SMO Ko Oa mS wee |i = = a 5 “IAB IBAA-—OT x IANS SAAS SAASN ANSRS SSSSS SSSA |8 = eR RS A se 4 (eB REE as tt Kom Geet A yaks Brians eek ‘, Sign: 2 veatess + SHY atte ke thee Redes atoleh oe. oe eeleee ab te 3 sf) eo caoe cy eetuams io} ATE aS Ge Mie RE ot oy Sep Mae or ot AMS 3 a al Me) ing aa NC 2 cg. AZse! gidue caege dgee © |g | BAAS PRE Se ° -“,O8m oO (>) Sa -EyPo loony A 83 waz seose Szebz BESS a ZELZSESESEES 488 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. BARLEY—Continued. Tas ie 48.—Barley: Farm price, cents per bushel on first of each month, 1909-1918. 1918 | 1917 | 1916 | 1915 | 1914 | 1913 | 1912 | 1911 | 1910 | 1909 y= SOU Ws capes sta ecouee 126.5] 87.1] 54.9] 54.3) 522] 49.9] 86.4] 59.8) 57.6] 56.5 68.5 1) es eee a 131.9] 92.7] 61.7] 62.9) 52.4] 51.4] 91.2] 64.1) 59.3] 58.3 72.6 Mar aa sas eersaeeeees 161.1] 96.9] 59.6] 67.7] 51.1] 49.0] 91.0] 63.0] 60.2] 59.4 75.9 eet LA ae See RET 170.2] 102.3] 57.2] 64.7] 51.7] 48.5] 92.3] 69.1] 59.7] 61.2 71.0 MAY J obs hsccuveteecd 158.5 | 120.1] 59.6] 63.8] 49.3] 48.3] 96.2] 74.0] 56.5] 63.8 79.0 de Tes a oro aae 135.4 | 119.3] 59.6] 62.0] 49.1] 52.7] 91.1] 73.8] 55.7] 67.0 76.6 duty 2S a: bee Se 113.6 | 106.6] 59.3) 55.8] 47.5] 53.7] 81.9] 70.1| 53.9] 67.0 70.9 ya Be eee eee 110.0] 114.5] 59.3] 56.7] 45.1] 50.8] 66.8] 69.3] 54.7] 61.2 68. 8 Supiytls [ao-. ss5<~cue es 100.9 | 110.0] 72.9] 51.9} 52.5] 55.2] 53.5] 77.0] 57.2| 546 68.6 OCh ele Sco et eee se 95.5] 113.9] 76.5] 46.8] 51.8] 56.8] 54.8] 81.7] 56.1] 53.4 59.7 NOY eeeee cet eae s 94.9] 111.3] 83.2] 50.1] 51.7) 54.7] 53.8] 84.9] 55.3] 533] 69.3 EGE Sats alters nee on 91.8) 113.7] 88.1] 51.6] 54.3] 53.7] 50.5] 86.9] 57.8] 540 70.2 > 4 o Lew | 9 93 ° ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ _ _ nN or — Oo = ~I ~I — o or Ts — or _ on or i) oo © ~I e to © or TABLE 49.—Barley: Wholesale price per bushel, 1913-1918. Cincinnati. Chicago. Milwaukee. Minneapolis. ne) ee eee Spring malt. Low malting No.3. Allgrades. Feed (per 100 to fancy. Ibs. ). Date. 3 Ps) o 3 5 a shal ae mel A. a EISlsl/Elelslelelele 2 pes i ee Of > 0 > Nr 2 a | < < 1913. Cts.| Cts.| Cts.| Cts.| Cts.| Cts.| Cts.| Cts.| Cts.| Cts. Cts. Cts. JatESIMNG Ss bcc. att see 70 86) 79.1 42) 71) 57.0) 53 73 | 61.8) 39) 50. 9 137.0 Jaly—Dec.. oes 87 92| 89.5} 43] 85) 66.2) 58] 60/ 68.4) 42 56.9) 0 1914 Janae) ose. Ses 60 70) 64.5] 49} 79] 60.6) 53] 68] 61.0] 41 51-1 1324)109. 2 Jaly=Dee; 252). 25> 8 70 80] 75.3} 50) 82] 65.6) 514) 82 | 67.9) 40 56. 6 130 |110.0 1915 S| JEN AVON 228 ous outs e 72} 102} 83.9} 66) 91) 78.1) 703} 93] 78.9] 58 70. 162}/131.6 July—Det ,2<23s. aes 70} 102) 83.0} 51 85| 65.6] 54] 81] 66.9] 42 58.9 Pre 1916. Jan-Jane) 25s. ee 83] 102) 93.8] 64] 86] 74.6) 68] 82] 75.7] 59 67. 136}/131.7 Jaly=Dee 2325255 93 145)124. 2 68} 128} 99.4) 70 | 128 /|106.3) 57 82.4 178.3 1917. eS) ede eon ite ee JENOBLY So cudd ca os 135 | 155)147.5) 102) 134/120. 2) 1204) 129 |125.7] 85 101.2 2273|219. 9 WADIUOLY 3-5. cotece 140 | 155)148.8] 108) 130/118. 6) 122 | 129 |122.7) 85 101.6 2274)223.0 Merah= 2. 5. i 0ce tee ade 140} 162)151.1) 108} 136/123.0] 127 | 137 |131.1] 92 109. 8 2274/219.0 N.S a] eer eS 26 SER v 153 | 170|163.4| 116) 162/137.1) 138 | 1623)150.9) 102 128. 305 |266.7 1 ale barat get ed 167 | 182)178.0) 128} 165/148. 4) 153 | 166 |158.9) 99 128. 240 |273.7 rt) See Pare eee 153 | 170)179.2| 116) 162/135. 4 8 | 1624)146.1] 102 117.6 305 |215.6 Jan.-June....... 135} 182/161.3} 102) 165/130. 4 166 |139.2| 85 114.6 305 236.3 Bihar s « S's sue ook de tee 175 | 182)178.1) 120) 160)141.6 162 |156.2) 95 133.2) 230 |210.8 FEURUSb bub cus phen eae 175 | 185|178.5} 112} 150/131.8 152 |133.7| 93 120. 2 2574) 255.6 Septem ber............. 158 171/169. 5) 116) 146)133.3 144 |137.5) 98) 123. 4 250 |229. 4 October..... Fy 54 Sh 153 | 171/164.6) 120) 144/139.9 1414/133. 7} 88 119. 5) 250 |244.6 Novaniber.. css 147 160)154.3) 115} 141/126.8 133.7) 95 158.5 2524) 245.5 TB is 2) api eg ae ga 150 176)164.8) 125) 163)144.0 142.0} lil 138.0 285 |261.9 July-Dec........ 147 185) 168.3}. 112] 163/136. 2| 139.5} 88 132.1 3 1918. pean Rae (Gael ES Ga BE SS es a panes POTTY ob vc cdlundotvls 172 | 176|174.0) 142) 175/152.0 8 159.1] 127 146.8 0 WOUEURLY son ses Pence 177 | 216)197.0) 160) 218/185. 2) 173 20 189.5} 150 175.9 me | GS oy tate ba saue oe 218 | 256/241.8) 165) 243/204. 217.4) 137 195. 8 5 Pv as Pear fe Re Oe fre etS 205 | 237/221.8) 150) 195)171.6 185.4) 140 165.3 RPE, pees AF 195 221)206. 2) 105) 176/144. 146.9 95 132. 4]... po RY SOS 189 |_199!194.0)_ 100! 150/120. 144 1128.8} 85 10D: 7]. .| = |= = —S>=_&UE———S_!|_ —SY—SS|_ ES SEE OS ——_— } SULT 5: Sa ante te dee una aeee 180 188)184.4) 100) 128)112.: 125 |120.2} 90) 130 |108.8).....].. 97 | 115 {105.0} 82] 110 | 95. 8)..... ASIGUEE , an Gnas vsy th ote 180 | 208/196. 4 90} =115)100. Septem ber.. --.| 204] 208/206.0| 90} 108) 99. October.... --.| 108 120)112.2} 80) 105) 94.5) 95 | 1034)100.7|; 80) Novem Dery. 25.5.5 2500 108 112)110.0) 80) 109) 96. 93 | 108 |103.4 S4 ls December............. 108 | 112\110.0| _88|_105| 96.1} 101 | 107 |102.9) 83] 96 | 89.6) 210 215.7 me 108} 208/153.2| 80} 128) 99.9} 93 | 125 |105.8| 80} 130 | 94.4] 210 | 2224/215.7 100 | 112 |102.7} 8&3) 106 | 91.5). +) Statistics of Barley. 489 BARLEY—Continued. Tas eE 50.—Barley and malt: International trade, calendar years 1911-18, 1916-17. [See “ General note,’’ Table 11.) EXPORTS. [000 omitted.] Barley and malt in terms Barley. Malt. of barley. Country. Average| 1916 1917 |Average 1916 | 1917 | Average 1916 1917 1911-1913)(prelim.)|( prelim. )|1911-1913) (prelim. ) parole. )|1911-1913] (prelim. )|(prelim.) FROM— Bushels.| Bushels.| Bushels.| Bushels.| Bushels.. Bushels.| Bushels.| Bushels., Bushels. DORMER cnr cee scaes CL A ne ee Beer See eee | Mn Pe eres fy See ee Ae (J 917 LE le: Mea oS ook Se hes apes seks se 917 BplOGn ee be3... 2 Austria-Hungary...) 7,529 |.-.------|.---.---- Me ee Sees ae Seat manasa selaae 5a oe ppt 2.2. Gao ae sees | (greed AGL Te eet ee ase DES hae ly eae Lasttelie ED British tndia. du. 17120) | 222s ESTO 5) Fate See (eee a eee (i Sieh Eye a DO ae il) at: ee Uta Ree Ree te ag eR UX Ay a ere ree UN Ee ee Po aoe Canadtissacec2. 2:2: 6,656 | 9,906 | 7,034 15 81 | 202} 6,670} 9,980 7, 218 WM iercsce.s2-..s's ic Pee ee a pape ee Mae eee Psa a cet lig ape SR ae (C0 aa 660 ET Ee ei | Bie ens Kp La Be 660 Cd aos ee Denmark........... 3,473 gS Eee on Rea a el 3, 561 toes PPAMCe St te S26c5.2: 609 7 33 io @ sont Sa $39 Lc aS ee SrerIUaAtiy' 2. <'3- 2 .° hug CEE ee Beemer Lap th baa Re Loge eae i Tl eee eee ae oe Motherland Be Ree: i Cee ed (fe See 5 Tit ee eee ee es PC BE Pee A ee TBE Moumania--...:-.-- T0200" onan oe. = | ER (on oe ere eee Ae CS Soe es Dis Chea a a 168, 289 DE lay store alae 189 cI es ape Se ee 168, 461 aE ess United Kingdom... 107 (Co Bee 908 ec Oe ee ee 932 Aig pee eS United States....... 8,177 | 22,486 | 17,859 244) 5,133 | 4,157| 8,400] 27,152| 21,638 Other countries... .. 15; 560s se 3e. on V1 bol eee a te 15, 569 Jonecrecee seer eeeee Total........- 285, 587 | ptee | eas at. y eee | hy: cate. | 299, 641 | neler Ad oo IMPORTS INTO— | Argentina.......... 3 11 (be eee 154970) ert OBB. at, x5 <2 1,310 | 988 | , aaa = Austria-Hungary 5 1 | De See ie es Gs Sata eee S39 I coon chee IBAISMIM YS. sec sawn nO epee ey ee eee ODA eae c= « ashes dats =n A, Br bn os see ont a Oe ae 1 yA Gel Bene 4 1,074 34: | Cae 978 i ee British SouthA frica 7. Ce ie a SC 383 287 150 351 261 | 137 Oi he 33 2 3 147 §| 1,144 166 | 10} 1,147 Gyol Sia set ee ae eae ee eee es Se oe es eee ore ae 1 es Pree Se Denmark... .. ~~... 2, 041 TCT a Ny UZ SEO 28 tet mie, 2,098 A006 Tb eee ka LC ae 690 1) eae 218 (a 889 D4 | 32) tere Luly (a 6,988 \"10; 208"): os ss 178 BA estes ye SS i ae a (ee RUMAH. 3 4555-205. = 311 cf See 237 MBN tod 526 id Be eee ee Germany......-..-- UA eee rene Emer ren Ja 9 jal BE ee (or eee Ue ee apn eee ee MGAV Pe sees Soros S: 815 A83|<.; apn eee 522 331 815 513 | 1,530 Netherlands........ 37, 646 BRAG lu Saoe ds is Ml Eee eee 8 ee 41, 184 5 SAG) ee 58. Norwayinscis.4sc.- A018 102,001 |— DANS 126 192 154| 4,333] 2,465] 2,255 UC ee 940 5 See ee 2 2 eee eee 974 brivdickecee Switzerland........ P1451 a SS Che 36900 Mar OR Petes cut Ue A401 SBS 9B8: be 228 United Kingdom...| 51,636 | 36,909 |......... 100 ie Lh ae 51797-1686: 967 «bones see Other countries... .. OLS Aha ae- oats vcae, pe ae | eee | SAD bes oS wip staees eo> a 3 Sa =< a Batale p22 - - ZC: Gl eect CenemrEr es 1b) OBB hee [ones oe | 294, 096 / sacs Beek bie ati 490 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. RYE. TaBLe 51.—Rye: Area and production in undermentioned countries, 1916-1918. } Area. Production. Country. — 1916 | 1917 | 1918 1916 1917 1918 NORTE SMEEICS- ) Acres. Acres. Acres. Bushels. | Unitted Statés.52.5 3655 a, | 3,213,000 | 4,317,000 | 6,185,000 48, 862, 000 Canada Gepsnae ime r QuBdeG: 625025. cack eee ee 8, 000 22, 000 29, 000 118, 000 Owlerios 2 FS ics 69, 000 68, 000 113, 000 1, 208, 000 Mattar. n.c0dexearss | 30, 009 37,000 240, 000 557, 000 Saskatchewan........... 23,000 53, 000 124, 000 548, 000 fig ee: ay es / 18, 000 31, 000 48, 000 440, 000 Othert sot eee } @) 1,000 1,000 5, 000 Total Canada. .-.....-. | 148, 000 212,000 555, 000 2, 876, 000 Sation.,.--2) 2... ae oe [ @ es oe £65,000 |.:.--..c0cs beeen Koel: eee Ee a ee Se ey 51, 803, 000 SOUTH AMERICA Sa age 5 eon Nae eee 212, 000 TSO; IO Seer ee cen 2, 008, 000 pete Cah ee eae ee 10 000l2: SA aeocRl ac oste cream 187, 000.15... .4052 5 eee ae Se ee IT Oia ar () (‘) | GEE Leese 1,000 Patel: 2. i tee SEs ferns as Sa De 2,196,000 |. ..0 5c) conn ee EUROPE. Austria-Hungary: Avinivia |S, 52.25 eee 83520000 kan cap seal = 5 > sdeeattete 5 51, 211, 000 @ Pudgeryoo-s. 3.5.60 ee &:2.625,000' |vta-2 4 ss eS 5 45,975, 000 @ Croatia-Slavonia.. -2t 222i}, 6167000\) fe. 25 case] sabe eos 5 600, 000 (Co Bosnia- -Herzegovina.. ne wee ©6500 || 2. on woe see Soe debs eee 5 2,500, 000 ? Total Austria-Hungary| 5,977,000 |..--.....-.-|-.-..-.-...- 100, 286, 000 |. 25 26:5 s<.acs loaner BOSH Sati cs teers ose 7 645::000 |uRavccdl ooeeseeee 5 18,000, 000:)...2i.co0. Cate eae DBmewia s3-5 2k sss ee 1 527; 600, [tw soe. bel sae Ce 8, 490,000 |. - 55.5 Jsi 0s oe eee DIGIT i. ces Saeco s Soben 481, 000 436, 000 537, 000 10,801,000 | 8,858, 000 ptt: Ce ee eee 2 ee 8502; 000 i. 5-62. 1 gic| se cceee eee 7 11,291, 000.) 1... aes seein eee Frante 85... S350" Ere 2,149,000 | 2,002,000 | 1,942,000 33,351,000 | 27,509, 000 Germany 2 «53502565050 oc) nt eee se selec bens ace yes] ene eee a tate a oe ects ates ae eee Italy 02, sas etssesaeoe eee 290, 000 279, 000 272, 000 5,582,000 | 4,460, 000 Lutembarp..¢2.. s-24-- 23, 000 17,000 17,000 436," 292, 000 Notheriands. £25... 2: ssp805-- 499, 000 463, 000 441, 000 12,391,000 | 11,958, 000 NOEWSY. ase aee et Coe 48, 000 48, 000 37,000 f 3 RouBismd .< 6 25555.) Bk , 000 la: S50. = dal heae opel (3)) Tae assis oe ee Russia: —- sae Tigi) —.- Meh sc a 2s acne ern Weal Russia proper %.......... 6D, 637,000: taec. oo. eee oem bescane 843; 740, 000 PONG. 25.65.26 ccececnnc|ocnsev car det easscce rdegiees cub scenes [cue Aimee oeee pena edd Northern Caucasia......|....--..-... \.-.csccscudal-Seectcccccalsqctmatacsn Amat aiceeansnnn wet} Potalt so55 5. i neal ch cas ee aes} -5 cae cones Aver- = ~ bushel, No. 2; oe in- “ Acreage | 28° ; arm | Fermvalue| | watnweeeeeee Year. % yield | Production. | price Following | rye flour _ harvested. per per Dec, 1. December. May. fiscal year acre, bushel ee eee i Dee. 1. Low. | High.| Low.|High.| July 1. Acres. |Bush.| Bushels. Cents Dollars Cts. | Cts. | Cts. | Cts. | Bushels. i ae 2,129,000 | 10.2 21, 756, 000 - 57.9 12,595,000 | 584] 61 58 61 216, 699 . ISG. 3<< 2, 130, 000 11.5 24, 489, 000 53.8 13,181,000 | 53 544 | 544] 564 377,302 jt Ae eS 2,053,000 | 10.1 20, 693, 000 54.5 11,283,000 | 554] 614] 63 94, 827 i aes 2,365,000 | 12.0 28, 415, 000 58.8 16,722,000 | 50 52 39 41h 309, 266 | Jb 2,171, 000 13.1 28, 420, 000 42.3 12,010,000 | 44 454 | 494 2, 280, 975 . ig 2,172,000 | 18.1 |.» 98,481,000°|.-......|cs.cetcaresg on|oocun-|es~< ==] gece een [bo I berg 2, 142, 000 12.0 25, 807, 000 62.9 16,230,000 | 644] 684] 8&3 92 358, 263 if.) ee 2,176, 000 14.6 31, 752, 000 77.4 24,589,000 | 86 92 fot 79 12, 068, 628 1892 2,164,000 | 12.9 | 27,979,000} 54.2] 15,160,000] 46 | 51 62 | 1,493,924 1803 ...... 2, 038, 000 13.0 26, 555, 000 51.3 13,612,000 | 45 474 | 444] 48 249, 152. if. ee 1,945, 000 13.7 26, 728, 000 50.1 13,395,000 | 474 | 49 624 | 67 32,045 fee 1, 890, 000 14.4 27, 210, 000 44.0 11,965,000 | 32 35} 364 1,011, 128 Tees... = 1, 831, 000 13.3 24, 369, 000 40.9 9,961,000 | 37 424 | 323] 354 8,575, 663 fe 1, 704, 000 16.1 27, 363, 000 44.7 12, 240,000 | 452 47 | 48 75 15, 562, 035 1898...... 1, 643, 000 15.6 25, 658, 000 46.3 11,875,000 | 523 | 554] 563] 62 10, 169, 822 Uf eee 1,659, 000 14.4 23, 962, 000 51.0 12,214,000 | 49 52 53 564 2,382, 012 1899...... 2,054,000 | 12.4 26,869, 000 |. o 5222 -a)o ces sessccces sole. 5. [22 ac8s) sce ee ee 1900... .... 1,591,000 | 15.1 23, 996, 000 51.2 12,295,000 | 453) 493] 514 2,345,512 Ct 1) aS! 1,988,000 | 15.3 30, 345, 000 55.7 16,910,000 | 59 652 | 544) 58 2,712,077 1902... .- 1,979,000 | 17.0| 33,631,000] 50.8] 17,081,000] 48 | 493] 48 | 503| 5,445,273 bi 1,907,000 | 15.4 29, 363, 000 54.5 15,994,000 | 504} 523 | 69%] 78 784, 068 1904...... 1,793,000 | 15.2 27, 242, 000 68.8 18, 748,000 | 73 75 70 84 29,749 OBS wee a 1,730,000 | 16.5 28, 486, 000 61.1 17,414,000 | 64 68 58 62 1, 387, 826 19065... 2's 2, 002, 000 16.7 33, 375, 000 58.9 19,671,000 | 61 65 69 873 769,717 Lt / ema 1, 926, 000 16.4 31, 566, 000 73.1 23,068,000 | 75 82 79 86 2, 444, 588 IWS. = 1, 948, 000 16.4 31, 851, 000 73.6 23,455,000 | 75 774 | 8 90 1, 295, 701 1909...... 2,006,000 | 16.1 $2,239, 000 |.2...-.- [20-2 -- 22s n5 os) ones ne] occ =)on= =n eee 1909...... 2,196,000 | 13.4 29,520,000 71.8 21,163,000 | 72 80 74 80 242, 262 19101....| 2,185,000} 16.0 34, 897, 000 71.5 24,953,000 | 80 82 113 40,123 1988 2556 2, 127, 000 15.6 33, 119, 000 83. 2 27,557,000 | 91 94 90 954 31,384 pb Spe 2,117,000 | 16.8 35, 664, 000 66.3 23,636,000 | 58 64 60 64 1, 854,738 1OTS ond 2,557, 000 16.2 41,381, 000 63.4 26,220,000 | 61 65 62 67 |. 2,272,492 191s. 52. 2,541,000 | 16.8 42,779, 000 86.5 37,018, 000 | 1074 | 1124 | 115 | 122 13, 026,778 it) | ae 8,129,000 | 17.3 54, 050, 000 83.4 45,083,000 | 944 964 | 994 | 15,250,151 SUID. oa 6a: 3,213,000} 15.2 48, 862, 000 122.1 59,676,000 | 130 | 151 | 200 | 240 13, 703, 499 - hk aoe 4,317, 000 14.6 62, 933. 000 166.0 104, 447,000 | 176 184 | 180 | 260 17, 130, 226 nL te ae 6, 185, 000 14.4 &9, 103, 000 151.5 134,947,000 | 154 164 4). aiaee los-0 silane swsnmeadas 1 Figures adjusted to census basis. TaBLe 55.—Rye: Revised acreage, production, and farm value, 1879 and 1889-1909. [See head note of Table 4.] Average Average farm Year. Acreage. yield Production. | price per per acre. bushel Dee. 1. Acres. Bushels, Bushels. Cents. EE ee Seen Ogee Bete > 1,842, 000 13.7 25, 201, 000 67.6 ee eae Se SE 2,172,000 13.1 28, 378, 000 42.3 LS ee eee ts te 2, 184, 000 12.1 26, 414, 000 62.6 To ere rere es 2, 234, 000 14.7 32, 761, 000 77.1 IDR: eed 2S. 2. Ae 2, 251, 000 13.0 29, 253, 000 53.6 TO ee ie SOP Fee pis PR 2, 178, 000 13.1 28, 592, 000 50.2 CSE ee 2, 164, 000 13.7 29, 613, 000 49.4 Te ee) eee 2, 153, 000 14.5 31, 139, 000 42.2 To ce ee CS eee 2, 126, 000 13.6 28, 913, 000 38.8 SOP oe sce nudes dosgtew bok N ks a 2, 077, 000 16.1 33, 433, 000 43.2 ee er Pee pO - 2, 071, 000 15.9 32, 888, 000 44.5 CE eee ee ee EE 2,054,000 14.8 30, 334, 000 49.6 Ce ee eS es RES eT 2, 042, 000 15.1 30, 791, 000 49.8 CL ee Oa A OR ARE? 2, 033, 000 15.3 31, 103, 000 55.4 UT SE PR ea 2,051, 000 17.2 35, 255, 000 50.5 FES eS eS ees 2, 074, 000 15.4 31,990, 000 54.0 a ea Ee A eee fae 2, 085, 000 15.3 31, 805, 000 68.9 LOUD. vitae fabs ak. ivan kOe: ROE odin ee 2,141, 000 16.4 35, 167, 000 60.4 EE Se SE ST | 2, 186, 000 16.7 36, 559, 000 58.5 EES BG See | a eS 2, 167, 000 16.4 35, 455, 000 72.5 B08. as: cchg ied, Avs cee | 2,175,000 16.4 35, 768, 000 72.8 1000.5.4 sadehte Rude. chs an lowl nesel 2, 196,000 16.1 35, 406, 000 72.2 Statistics of Rye. 493 RY E—Continued. TABLE 56.—Rye: Acreage (sown and harvested) production, and total farm value, by States, 1918. (000 omitted.] Acreage Produc- State. Shh tp rs ae tion. allo 1917 vested Acres. Acres. | Bushels. | Dollars. Vermont 1 1 21 35 Massachusetts 4 4 80 182 Connecticut 12 il 242 496 New York 140 112 1, 848 3,179 New Jersey 75 73 1,350 2, 336 PanIIT She Ie os 2 oS Ne wea and tdduianedemae aa 265 250 4, 250 7,012 NEMA SE ee tO PIR ges Fin we Cricnis ores = se oo detedoseewace=s 1 1 14 24 in) ah ee! 2 Raa i ie SSE ee et ae eer 31 30 450 765 ee Bo a p 105 100 1, 200 2.100 TOPE Tn oli Soi 2S A SRE Sane eee Str eran eae 24 22 301 542 a eeRMEe FRETS We Sense oN ger es Fh ee Seat ee soc veces 65 60 480 950 sot AT pl PE EES Se co Re als enon ee es 20 18 202 596 oe | SSE Sei 2 Ee ete iene eal ae ae 21 20 176 370 ee eR ESR Teme MS So Su etnees uranic bce nameimens 120 111 1, 887 2, 830 Aen TED ee 2a Mmm Be oS 8 a8 odo ee 415 410 6, 765 10, 283 DMs chi oa Sn pe avn Boa oceaweuas ach vacha nes 210 200 3, 800 5, 700 OE” Sisto 3A 2h See oe A ae ee tae eer ee 480 472 6, 750 10, 125 oT duiic: 2 ASR Pee eae ae oe Seine lets! See ee eee ae 475 436 7, 674 11,511 lr , SESS > Se Ae ee ee eee eer 452 436 8,700 13, 050 Le BS ee eee et Senet a ee oe nS 63 54 1, 026 1, 508 Missornt ><... Ses Me Seen a ee Soe Se ae ee CSR, See: 38 34 476 776 PT NS TS aE ee ee eee oe ene mee ee et ee ee 2, 200 1,945 20, 422 29, 612 Clo LS DLELN sda me Moen Bai are satel SEN ala ae 600 575 10, 350 14, 594 REUTERS 9 8 Ok. Se oa ce ts pha osteo nabed 400 388 5,005 _ 6,757 Kansas 175 170 2,431 4, 133 65 65 884 1, 423 30 30 300 576 4 +t 4t 5 4 4 22 2 10 8 88 165 2 2 21 44 25 20 240 346 30 25 450 684 78 27 324 454 16 16 208 374 4 4 60 99 id 7 70 140 41 41 492 | 1,009 Duet OG oi ape sagen ie AEE ITE EIS Al es he hl oe le oleae 6, 708 6,185 | 89,103 | 134,947 TABLE 57.—Rye: Acreage sown and harvested, United States, 1906-1918. Acreage Acreage Acreage Acreage Year. sown in pre- har- Year. sown in pre- har- ceding fall. vested. ceding fall. | vested. Acres. Acres, | Acres. Acres, LV Le a ose oo Eee 2, 100,000 F; 000s COGN WMIOIB os Pos ate 25s. | 2,731,000 2, 557, 000 162 Wipe ares ape eae , 061, 000 1986, 006. irtOTA eG cc8 oda ees 2, 773, 000 2, 541, 000 LS CEE CAs oe Sa 2,015, 000 BONS; 000 NWUIGIS ss Su a eS LE re 2s | 8,153,000 3, 129, 000 ii) EE se oe ae See oe , 326, 000 STE 000 i) TONGS c STE Se | 3,474,000 3, 213, 000 PONE Witten target dna waiar= ins 2,413, 000 TE COG CTY od inate athca ad oe om once 4, 480, 000 4, 317,000 DD Reeet ace ouut mn tdacg< soo . 2,415,060 hy LPO | LP LMR aie Gnd denim miowteee bbe mens | 6,708, 000 6, 185, 000 Readers haat’ Save oh > oi 2,478,000 ZEA G OOO Lees « aciais Once Par oman SEK AS CHL, Ns 90s hae retain 494 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. RY E—Continued. TABLE 58.—Rye: Condition of crop, United States, on first of months named, 1892-1918. De- | | De cem- When | cem- When Year. 4 April. May. June. | har- | Year. oa April.| May. | June. | har- vious vested, vious vested year year PC: PCP ch) Batt WP. Pct.) Pact. | P.ct.\Poee eee p Sc Fee 88.8 .]) 87202) 88.9 1,98. 0} (92781), 1906s, 225.2. 95.4 90.9 | 92.9| 89.9 91.3 jb: eS, 4: 89.41: 85.7 |) 82.7 | 84.6)|. 86.8)|)) 1907-..--2.-2-. 96.2} 92.0] 88.0) 88.1 89.7 1994s ic ceeerd 94.6], 94.4] 90.7 | 98.2). 87.0 1) 1908... 6522-55. 91.4 89.1] 90.3 91.3 91.2 Ch 7 ee 96. 2:1) :87.0,), 88.7.) 8b. 7.) SO. 7: |} 1B00.-- Se. as 87.6] 87.2] 88.1 89.6 91.4 ISOC So esac 94.9 |- 82.9 | 87.7 | 85.2] 88.4 || 1910.......... 94.1 92.3] 91.3) 90.6 87.5 fC eee 99.8] 88.9} 88.0] 89.9] 93.4 |] 1911..-....:.- 92.6} 89.3] 90.0| 88.6 85.0 pb ES | 91.03) 0258) 04.52) *S7obiie 94:0 |) delasss2aseces 93.3 | 87.9] 87.5] 87.7 88.2 AROU3 a= =~ 52>: | 98.9} 84.9| 85.2| 84.5] 85.6 |] 1913.:........ 93.5 | 89.3] 91.0] 90.9 88.6 CL ieee Rece ie 98.2 84.8 | 88.5 | 87.6 80.4 1914e secre sec. 95.3 91.3 93.4 93.6 92.9 IGGi Lc es ee 99.1 | 93.1 04,6") 98.951 S650 lk 19ldossss2S32 93.6 | 89.5] 93.3] 92.0 92.0 OG a Sa 6 ode | 89.9] 85.4 83.4 88.1} 90.2 |) 1916......-..- 91.5} 87.8] 88.7] 86.9 87.0 pO ame es SR 98.1 97.9 | 93.3 90. 6)) 88.5" || 40li eo 88.8 | 86.0] 88.8] 84.3 79.4 ete = oc oe 92.7 | 82.3 81.2 86.3 88:9 1) 1918s eer 84.1 85.8 85.8 83.6 80.8 oO) Ag eee oe 90.5 92.1 | (93:57) 94,0)) 9322 |) 191922-.-2-423 89:0 |. .c. a i rrr’ 170.0 | 177.1} 83.3] 93.7] 63.1] 63.2] 83.6] 76.9] 74.6| 81.7] 96.7 (ee Ss Ss 163.9 | 178.1] 83.4] 89.0] 61.0] 60.7] 77.9] 75.5] 74.4] 78.5| 94.2 ne 159.3 | 161.9| 99.7] 85.5| 75.4] 63.0] 70.8] 76.9| 74.1] 72.4] 93.9 Oo: ain 154.0 | 169.8 | 104.1] 81.7] 79.0] 64.8] 70.1] 79.7] 72.8| 72.8] 94.9 Nitgebette cscs. 2... .| 152.6 | 168.8] 115.3] 85.7] 80.1] 63.2] 68.8] 83.1] 71.6] 73.6| 96.3 Weeiaeeewieasaecccac: 151.5 | 166.0 | 122.1} 83.4] 86.5] 63.4] 66.3} 83.2] 71.5] 71.8! 96 6 Average........- 167.4 | 156.5 | 99.7] 89.2| 72.8] 63.8] 74.9| 78.1 aT ial 95.0 TABLE 61.—Rye: Wholesale price per bushel, 1915-1918. . , ne Ae : San Francis Philadelphia. | Cincinnati. Chicago. Duluth. igen 100 Ibs). Date. ; No. 2. No. 2. ! é ol hans Sy a ea fori oh ieee ae hes ab pce lye e |g Biel | eles) S| eles) EIS ee) ele H/Al/ dial a i? Aa 1 eB lS A | eT Al a 1913. Cts.| Cts.) Cts.| Cts.| Cts.| Cts.| Cts.| Cts.| Cts.’ Cts.| Cts.| Cts.| Cts.| Cts.| Cts. Janedune, 6 5)..22..2..| 65.’ 70|....- 60|° 70) 65.8] 58] 653) 62.5| 52) 59 | 55.6] 1324, 1474/140.0 Juipebiee....2......... Baer. bess 60] 72] 65.3; 61] 703] 64.9] 50] 65 | 56.4] 135 | 165 |145.0 1914 Le Gh.| th |... 62} 71] 65.7] 58] 67] 62.8) 50) 62] 56.3] 152k) 165 |159.1 dalg-ec-- 3.2.2... +. 65 | 125 |109.4/ 60} 115] 92.6} 55 | 1124) 89.2} 57] 107 | 86.6] 130 | 165 \154.2 1915. (Le ae 105 | 130 |117.0} 107] 133|115.9] 1114] 131 |118.9] 106 | 128 114.2) 160 | 225 |186.6 July=Dec...........:.. 90:91.) 3-.... 92} 112/102.1/ 91 | 119 |100.3| 87 | 111 | 94.4) 145 ee 1916. Jan.-June. ...........- 90 | 118 |....:] 90} 106] 98.9} 90 | 1043] 97.8] 87] 98] 93.4] 150 | 160 /155.4 JaigeDert. 2951.2... 99 | 155 |138.3} 96] 155/127.3| 94 | 153 |125.5| 89 | 150 |123.0| 1524 265 |197.6 1917. (GEM Jebel 5 iad OE RE 2 Gs Seer ceed Gaia A ee ce Ge POMBE. tide ean oid 140 | 155 |151.5] 140] 152/148.1) 138 1483/145.9 136 | 144 |139.9| 250 | 265 257.5 February.............- 140 | 158 |149.0) 146] 154/149.6] 140 | 152 |146.0] 134 | 147 |139.3] 240 | 265 |251.2 aa: axle ial 153 | 175 |163.4] 153] 164/158. 4] 152 | 170 |161.1] 147 | 165 |155.6) 240 | 250 |245.0 OTS. ee 170 | 205 |189.4] 170} 192|182.1] 168 | 205 |189.7| 164 | 200 |182.6| 230 | 305 267.4 AY.....-..-..---.-----| 200 | 245 |227.1] 200| 220/208. 6| 200 | 240 |226.3] 198 | 240 |220.5| 350 | 400 (376.8 Pre ee 235 | 245 |240.8] 230] 240/233.8] 230 | 245 |240. 4] 218 | 235 |228.5)..__. rod ie Jan.-June.......] 140 | 245 {186.9} 140] 240/180. 1| 138 | 245 |184.9} 134 | 240 |177.7| 230 | 400 (279.6 Seape Be e 240 | 245 [242.5] 220) 280/238.8) 210 | 243 [222.9] 185 | 298 |225.8) 290 | 300 295.5 SE iS I ae aS 170] 215/187. 7| 165 | 215 |185.1| 168 | 190 |179.0| 290 | 300 295.0 CS SS a St Cn ee ee ee 174} 190|183.8] 179 | 192 |186.5] 180 | 190 /184.8| 290 | 350 313.6 00 EI ed a A ..-| 177] 188|181.8] 178 | 1904/182.0] 175 | 186 |178.8| 325 | 400 340.1 November........-..-- 173 | 186 |178.8} 170] 180|176.1) 176 | 1804/178. 4] 174 | 178 |175.9| 390 | 400 395.0 December............- 175 | 186 |180.5] _179|_ 184/180.1] 176 | 184 [179.9] 179 | 184}/182.6, 390 | 400 395.0 July-Dec........ 173 | 245 |200.6} 170] 280/191. 4] 165 | 243 189.1) 168 298 |187.8 290 | 400 339.0 1918. ee a a a 204/186. 1) 183 | 218 |192.5) 235|218. 6} 212 | 265 |227. 280/273. 8] 272 | 295 |285.7 275) 240.9} 240 | 287 |264. 250)213.0] 180 | 260 |215.6) 267 | 267 |267.0).....)...2. 22. ine 190|181.2} 160 | 200 |185.7].....)..... ab daed sn-cdad is Jan.-June. . .....} 175 | 188 {180.4} 175) 280/218. 9] 160 | 295 |228.6] 182 | 300 |246.5, 390 | 425 |409.7 SER EE OO 170 | 170 [170.0] 155] 170/161.9) 160 | 185 |171.9| 184 | 186 |185.0......|.....0. 2. ARR, win acanth anne 165 | 170 |167.3] 155) 167|160.5] 155 | 179 |163.6} 160 | 165 |166.8)2. 22.) 222 September............. 165 | 1734|168.5] 155) 162/159. 2! 165 | 179 |162. 8} 158 | 164 [163.0 2.222]... Oe eee 176} 1764/176. 2} 160] 163/161.4) 161 | 164 |162. 4] 161 | 161 |161.0-. iis November............. 176} a 176.5] 155) 164/160. 2) 1604] 1763/164. 2} 1564) 1694/161.6 ..... December............. 1764] 1764]176.5] 159! 163 161.2] 154 | 164 |162. 1] 150 | 158\|156.1/..-- July-Dec........ "165 | 1763/172.5 155] 170 160.7) 154 | 185. 164.5] 150 | 186 165.6 Leh, Be ae 496 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. RY E—-Continued. TABLE 62.—Rye (including flour): International trade, calendar years 1911-13, 1916-17. [See ‘‘ General note,” Table 11.] EXPORTS. [000 omitted.] Average 1916 1917 Average 1916 IOUT; ~ Country. 1911-1913. | (prelim.) | (prelim.) Country. 1911-1913. | (prelim.) | (prelim.) big bel Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels. ae Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels. Argentina.......... 443 DDG Wo ses pee Foumania sa ss. «22 8, 411° | ..2 ot See Belgium ..........- O14) 2a. spec lect - hate FRTISSIS 6 te ce ue S025 34,921 | TA) ale eee Bulgaria........... 2336462 eSes See eaee eats United States...... 855 14, 689 Canada. o.% 91 164 . Delaware. pada ae we se 4 82 117 Nebraska........... 9 28 46 Maryland): 2% . .)+.2) 14 280 462 || Tennessee. ......... 5 90 126 Virginia. .c........-- 38 798 1,301 = Sc ene West Virginia. ...... 47 916 1,585 United States.| 1,040 17,182 28,585 ‘North Carolina. ..... 14 294 441 TABLE 65.—Buckwheat: Condition of crop, United States, on first of months named, 1898-1918. en When | When Year. Aug. | Sept. | har- Year. | Aug. | Sept. | har- Year. | Aug. | Sept. | har- vested vested vested. Path. N Pathe hi Ps et Py et Ps chs) PP: ck Pick ( Py ae t Po ck if ae 87.2 88.8 76.2 || 1905.. 92.6 91.8 91.6 |} 1912.. 88.4 91.6 $9.2 1899...... 93.2 15.2 70.2 || 1906....}. 93. 2 91.2 84.9 |} 1913.... 85.5 75.4 65.9 DOD Ss s0%.. 87.9 80.5 72.8 }) 19072... 91.9 77.4 80.1 |} 1914.... 88.8 87.1 83.3 sf 1) eee 91.1 90.9 90.5 || 1908.... 89.4 87.8 81.6-}] 1915.... 92.6 88.6 81.9 NOD: so5; 91.4}. 86.4 80.5 |} 1909.... 86.4 81.0 79.5 |} 1916.... 87.8 78.5 66.9 1903...... 93.9 91.0 83.0 |} 1910.... 87.9 82.3 81.7 |] 1917... 92.2 90,2 74.8 1004 sc. 92.8 91.5 88.7 |} 1911... 82.9 83.8 81.4 |] 1918... . 88.6 83.3 75.6 98911°—ysrK 191S——36 F 498 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. BUCK WHEAT—Continued. ; ‘ TaBLE 66.—Buckwheat: Yield per acre, yee per bushel Dec. 1, and value per acre, by tates. ‘ Value Yield per acre (bushels). Farm price per bushel er acre (cents. ) ciollars).! Ral if | oe g State. - 5S | | ) | e& Eos or | 2 5 & | | —— a ae | / o”* 25 ~« IAsl2@iSlaliaieaiw/s/e]s |] 2 laos! eo 38/5 \5 g/8/8/8/8/8|8|8 eg 22/8 Mies 2! 75 127.2 28. 0.32.5 30.0 29. 4 32.0129. 0.26.0'24.0.21.5 20.0 86 150 24. 13 30.00 ; 25.0 22. 031.027.331.031. 0/25.030.0 20.0/16.0,17.0| 99 200/25. 02/34. 00 23.9 22. 0 24. 0/24. 3.30. 0 25. 0/28. 0,27.0,17.5)20.021.0| 96 160 25. 42/33. 60 18. 219.3 22. 0.21. 021.0 17. 0/18. 5/16. 0,16. 0|15.0 16.0} 110 196/21. 88)31. 36 18.9)19. 5,19.5/19.0 20. 5)17.0)18.5 20. 0,19. 0 17.3119. 118 210/26. 82:39. 90 ../19. 3/24. 023. 0/21. 3/23. 814. 3]23. 0/19. 0/12.0/18.0'15.0} 96 175/20. 47/26. 25 ~- 20.4 21.8 21. 5/20. 0/22. 0 22. 0/21. 0.21. 0/19. 0}18.0,18.0] 97 170,22. 88 30. 60 -|19.5/19. 5 19. 5:21. 9/24. 2 18. 5/20. 5:21. 0/14. 0118.018.0) 92 160/21. 13 28. 80 - 18.9 19.8 20. 5/19. 0/16. 0/17. 0/19. 0/18. 5/19. 0/20. 0 20.5] 88 143/21. 9329. 32 -|18.8)16. 6 18. 5,20. 0/17. 5/16. 5/18. 5/20.0'19. 0)21..0 20. 95. 165,23. 59.33. 00 Valen kd /19.7/18. 018. 0116. 0/21. 5/23. 1/19. 4]20. 0/19. 2/21. 1/21.0] 95 163,23. 28/34. 23 Wi Wa Aoki /21. 6 22. 7/23. 0/24. 0.24. 0/21. 0/21. 5|22. 0/18. 3/20. 0/19. 5| 100 173|24. 33|33. 74 ft ee eee 119.0 19. 8/19. 0/19. 0,17. 5|19. 3/19. 017.517. 5|20.0)21.0| 93 150/20. 50/31. 50 Ohtins sc 255.528 19. 6 21. 2/18. 021. 0/19. 5/18. 0/24. 0/23. 0/17.7/17. 2/16. 0} 95 156/21. 34/24. 96 Td? 2) FS 17.0)17.3/17.7|18.3 19.018. 5)17.5)14.0)18. 0/15. 0115.0) 95) - 16018. 45/24. 00 51 Sade Ee Me 18. 4/18. 2/20. 0/18. 1/22. 0/17.0/17.7]17. 0/17. 0}19.0/17.8] 109 180)23. 71/32. 04 Wii? Sor 14.3 14.3)15.3 18.017. 0/15. 0)18. 5/14. 5)11.0) 9.0)10.0] 91 170|13. 29/17. 00 Whee ooo 15.0/12.3|14.0)17. 5)17.0)16. 5|17.5/13.0 14. 0112. 2115. 9 98 165/17. 56/26. 24 Miers sk 16.7/15. 2/16. 018. 0/21. 0/16. 5/17. 0/17. 5/15. 0/14. 0/17.0} 91 170)17. 92/28. 90 Te kd 15.4 apie 1719-004 O48 318.0 15. 0)12.0)15. 0} 108 180|18. 85|27.00 Mie cy. JAoe t 14. 6/21. 0/16. 5/10. 0/15. 0/11. 015. 5/15. 0/14. 0/15. 0/13. 0} 110 ~ 180/18. 31/23. 40 Nebr oo 17.6 16. 0/20. 0/16. 0/18. 020. 0 18. 5.20.017.0/16.0 14.0] 105 165/20. 07/23. 10 Pentie 2. 9; 7.2 15.0)15.0|16. 0/18. 0)15.0 22.3 18. 0/18. 0/17.0)18.0) 94 140/19. 95/25. 20 18 = BH 19. 120. 9/20. 521. 1:22. 9/17. 2 21.3/19. 6,14. 117. 3/16. 5/94. 4/76. 4 78.7 112. 7/160. 0 166. 4/20. 56/27. 4 } j | / I | | I | 1 Based upon farm price Dec. 1. TaBie 67.—Buckwieat: Farm price, cents per bushel on first of each month, 1909-1918, ! 1918 | 1917 | 1916 | 1915 | 1914 | 1913 | 1912 | 1911 | 1910 | 1909 aoe hy See ca ae 162.7 | 117.2] 81.5| 77.9| 76.6! 66.8| 73.7| 65.8] 70.0] 743 86.6 jy ee es ee 161.9 | 114.6] 80.7| 83.7| 75.6] 69.4| 73.6] 644] 72.0| 7421 870 Mage h oo bs em ich 168.2 | 124.8] 83.2] 85.5] 75.1] 67.0] 76.9] 64.1] 70.6] 75.5| 89.1 fs Ge it, eee 170.1 | 128.3] 83.1] 85.3] 76.9] 683] 76.9] 65.3] 73.4] 76.2] 90.4 Ta re ae © 176.0| 150.6 | 84.9] 84.6| 77.3] 71.4] 79.9| 65.8| 71.0| 788] 940 ay ee ay ' 191.0 | 183.7] 87.0|- 86.9| 79.0] 70.8| 84.8] 70.1] 73.7] 83.4] 101.0 vi ER ato RR | 200.8 | 209.2] 93.1] 921] 85.5] 72.9] 86.2] 724] 780] 86.9] 107.7 jE TY | 192.7 | 189.3] 89.0| 89.2] 81.2] 72.4] 83.6] 76.0] 748] 82.9} 103.1 SF RE aC | 189.2 | 164.3] 86.4| 81.4] 79.8] 70.0] 76.6| 74.0] 72.6| 76.9] 97.1 Oe Be 225 tase cade 180.0 | 154.4] 90.4] 73.7| 787] 74.1] 69.7| 69.6| 71.3| 75.0| 927 a a epee ey ee 173.0 | 154.2] 102.9] 78.5] 780] 75.5] 65.5] 73.0] 65.9] 71.6| 988 DE Aske 166.4 | 160.0] 112.7] 78.7| 76.4| 75.5 | 66.1] 726] 66.1| 70.1} 945 Average......... 174.6 | 153.2 | 94.7 | 81.0) 7.9 | 72.4| 72.6| 70.3] 698] 75.0] 942 Statistics of Flaa. 499 FLAX. Tapie 68.—Flax: Area and production in undermentioned countries, 1915-1917. [000 omitted.] i ae ! Area. | Production. Country. Seed. Fiber. 1915 1916 1917 a Shaan . 1915 1916 1917 1915 1916 1917 ————$_$—$_$___ eS —— __ \ Boas —— BDEI AMERICAS Acres. | Acres. | Acres. | Bush. Bush. | Bush. | Pounds. Pounds |Poumin: United States-...---------- 1, 387 1,474 1,984 | 14,030 | 14,296 OARS. 2 on valaqaens 1; sereteal Canada: ee eee | Quebec. ....------------ 1 1 6 7 5 A ebtohs 2 = Bae See Eee © WMTAEIO I>. 2 6122-8 eo D 4 4 62 42 FONE) Naw ah hed law xe Soe Manitoba...------------ 14 16 16 120 210 5 (7 ol OS ee Cee ee eee Saskatchewan. .-.-.------ 395 542 754. | 5,255 | 6,692 | 4,710 |.----...-|--------|------"- MANORS oon dese encmemo> 48 95 140 670 | 1,311 979 |...-.---- Lis o aan abate on Total Canada....-.---- 4€3 653 920 | 6,114| 8,260 ee eee erties mae err) Pre eee ee pete). ete. ah oS [ik cae. | sels :| oo M0 fe, -- tee [Sina Lol Chea tN oN LL. cena |e amen pe | See fran no eee s noe SOUTH AMERICA. MT egies aap snl, 4,258. | 4,001], 3,207 28,080 | Peer h Pete fo ey ae ai eel | a ale 2 laa led BRN 58 PN cd iaiiarks Malaita Mecca east 2 ata lee ap see oa asec ‘EUROPE. Austria-Hungary: Lp: ee ee Hungary proper..------ Croatia-Slavonia.-.----- Bosnia-Herzegovina- . -- Total Austria- : | UNPRRYL .22-—n2>--|--2n2---|a-=4--p- foe 2225 1. ee. ee Bee 65, 740). \- 22 ===} e = oo Rlemiieeaeee cP be] 9b) 108 }-.---22-|----55--|- 9 - 21,648 | 32,401 | 34,410 iE gop eee 323 362 323 5,512 | 5,512 5,291 ae i ussia proper Poland. a” ERA Northern Caucasia..-..- — eee See oe st | ONE. Sis - sR Smo]: ls BLD) lee ee 3] 32 ae = “2 “| ee =————— Central Asia (4 govern- SPEEDS OD) od wm pos we em (panne ale to St Pee COPE Ronee perro Seon Siberia (4 governments | er ee 1 eee al Peaetaee TOS ee oe cwalanadnnaanioranannalascassem Transcaucasia (1 gov- ernment of)....------ Cty bape Ae petty eel Bey 30) Pep ee Bee ee Meee ne) Porernrt: ot Cnr hs (aah eae | Reh tea alts sec Col h Deepa PeeE OM Cope Aererten cede AFRICA, ee eae en aes ne ito tv, oe Algeria. ...-..------+-+----- 41 (1) 1 815 | (i REP PPPEPEEey peter enn Couen non can os 2 ae ee Cee CoP nee BESS 108,287 22 ARO: SHITE | RATER 2 ee tS ee 1 No official estimates. 5 Data for 1912. 2 Galicia and Bukowina not included. 6 Excludes territory occupied by the enemy. 8 Data for 1913. 7 Includes hemp. Pp 4 Data for 1914. 8 Includes certain native states. 500 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. FLAX—Continued. TABLE 69.—Flazx (seed and fiber): Total production of countries named in Table 68, 1896-1915. | Production. ) Production, . . Year. | Year : | Seed Fiber Seed Fiber. Bushels. Pounds Bushels Pounds, ff an ep aah hg 82, 684,000 | 1,714, 205,000 |].1906...............-. 88, 165,000 | 1, 871, 723, 000 1907 cad eas 57, 596,000 | 1,498, 054,000 |} 1907..........2...... 102, 960,000 | 2, 042 390, 000 TRORLY Leto ee . 938,000 | 1, 780,693,000 || 1908................- 100, 850,000 | 1, 907,591,000 RROD Bo sti cole dood =e 66, 348,000 | 1,138, 763,000 |} 1909..............-2- 100, 820,000 } 1,384, 524, 000 LOUD oc kee 62,432,000 | 1,315, 931,000 || 1910..............--- 85, 253, 000 913, 112, 000 Ws os ececeeseditt 72,314,000 | 1,050, 260,000 |} 1911................. 101, 339,000 | 1,011. 350, 000 1902 533s pee ee 83,891,000 | 1,564, 840,000 |} 1912...... t Bt en 130, 291,000 | 1, 429, 967, 000 EOWA: =? 3 ee 110, 455,000 | 1,492, 383,000 |} 1913................. 132,477,000 | 1,384, 757,000 1904. ch. ca dsetten 107, 743,000 | 1,517, 922,000 |} 1914........2....2.-- 94,559,000 | 1, 044, 746, 000 oi RE ACERS 100, 458,000 | 1,494, 229, 000 | 10154, ee. ee 103, 287, 000 975, 685, 000 TaBLe 70.—Flaxseed: Acreage, production, value, and condition in the United States, 1849-1918. 4 Note.—Figures in italics are census returns; figures in roman are estimates of the Department of Agri- culture. Estimates of acres are obtained by applying estimated percentages of inerease or decrease to the published numbers of the preceding year, except that a revised base is used for applying percentage estimates whenever new census data are available. : | ! | giesay Condition of growing crop. Average arm Year. Acreage. | yield | Production.| Price | Farm value per Dee. 1. ctr ery bushel | Dec. 1 —$$$__| ————m“e |qc“—| i) mi — ||que| um)... Ta ee Ba eee ee, 568, 000.|..¢ 2-000] -w2cdac cacewc]eucses se Seaneen eee SiC ae! NET” Tee oie 567, 000 ||. . ccc cache stecas Janodceloatos tel soe ee aoe enn rn PU ae Rn = SPs eae 1, 780, 000 |. sacacea|scscucusccace|ecsee cnele Sones cman RP veal Fete Pee ee 7,171,000... 5.cc oe eee ee 7. 8:| “10; 860, 000" |=s wane. 2|oeaeeeeeeeee 9.6 | -19,979;000 \..-2.cc.s|: Seb ecene bodlac cone a Cee eae 7.8 | 29,285,000} 105.2] 30,815,000 8.4. | 27,301, 000 81.7 | 22,292,000} 86.2| 80.3} 80.5 74.0 10.3 | 23, 401, 000 99.3 | 23,229,000] 86.6] 78.9) 85.8 87.0 11.2] 28,478,000 84.4 | 24,049,000 92.7 96.7 94.2 91.5 10.2 | 25,576,000 101.3 | 25,899, 000 93.2 92.2 89.0 87.4 9.0 | 25,851,000 95.6 | 24,713,000} 91.2] 91.9} 985.4 78.0 9.6 | 25,805,000] 118.41 30,577,000] 92.5] 86.1) 825 81.2 9.4 | 25,856,000 |......... ln co sesakon calli tues tlasemn ees ay os 9.4| 19,613,000} 153.0] 29,796,000| 95.1| 42.7) 88.9 $4.9 5.2] 12,718,000} 231.7| 29,472,000} 65.0} 51.7] 48.3 47.2 7.0 | 19,370,000 182.1 | 35, 272,000 80.9 71.0 68.4 69.6 9.8 | 28,073,000} 114.7] 32,202,000] 88.9] 87.5} 86.3 $3.8 7.8 | 17,853,000 119.9 | 21,399, 000 82.0 77.4 74.9 74.7 8.4 13, 749, 000 126.0} 17,318, 000 90.5 82.1 72.9 77.4 10.1 | 14,030,000} 174.0} 24,410,000} 88.5] 91.2] 87.6 84.5 . 9.7 | 14,296,000} 248.6 | 35,541,000} 90.3] 84.0] 84.8 86.2 | 4.6 9, 164, 000 296.6 | 27,182, 000 84.0 60.6 | 50.2 51.3 AONB into hg x 2 1, 938, 000 | 7.6 | 14,657,000 340.2 | 49,870,000 79.8 70.6 72.6 70.8 1 Figures adjusted to census basis. *. > 1 f Statistics of Flax. 501 FLAX—Continued. TaBie 71.—Flarseed: Acreage, production, and total farm value, by States, 1918. | Average . Average Prod A ‘gd Farm State. Acreage. | yield per rt sal eng Dat in: value acre. oe per bushel Dest. Dee. 1. ' Acres. Bushels. Bushels. Dollars. Dollars. | el Se 5 ee eee eee 300, 000 10.4} 3,120,000 3.41 | 10,639, 000 | Slee is cele ene 133000 11.0} 143,000 3.20 458, 000 issouri....- 6,000 8.0 48, 000 3.00 144, 000 North Dakota........- 80/000 7.8 | 6,864,000 3.45 | 23,681,000 GS SR ee Re | 144/000 9.5 | 1,368,000 3.25 | 4, 446, 000 era oe ee 4,000 9.5 38, 000 3.30 125, 000 Kansas... : cgoeceat” a1, 000 5.0| — 205,000 3.30 676,000 SC a a ae ae :..| 547,000 5.2| 2,844,000 3.38 | 9,613,000 Ris 2 te a EP ee ee de S ; 3, 000 9.0 27, 3.25 88, 000 Witter Gtiated..........2------2-4.2:- 1, 938, 000 7.6 | 14, 657, 000 | 3.40 | 49,870,000 TasLeE 72.—Flarseed: Yield per acre, price per bushel Dec. 1, and value per acre, by States. Value Yield per acre (bushels). Farm price per bushel (cents). | per acre (dollars).2 5 | | = State. [52 | 58 ) Ss == ! ae ) #2 =3 me bake £5 2 g& Rog => moae@lolalaleizi/slelsl|/elm>sl+|/eiels]2/ssie2 2H S/S/S/S/SiS|S(S/SlSloh\ s/s /S|/S] 5 |F"|5 mali r ri - ol -_ - - onl - mics = = hl = - > — “55 ESI eee Ew ed Sead a cd ee Ss MGT oa 9.3)10.0} 7.5) 8.0/10. 2) 9.0) 9.3.10.5) 8.5) 9.5,10.4) 198) 128) 176 240) 295 341/29. 859/35. 46 Towa.....--|10.1) 9.8)12. 2) 8.0)11. 5) 9.4) 9.5) 9.0)10.0)11.0/11.0} 186) 120) 150: 215) 275) 320!22.3735.20 je 7.0} 8.1) 8.4) 3.0) 6.0) 5.0) 8.0) 8.0] 7.0) 8.5) 8.0} 177| 104) 135, 212) 275 300) 16. 27,24. 00 Ie Dak3:. 2 7.8) 9.3) 3.6) 7.6] 9.7) 7.2) 8.3) 9.9)10.3) 3.9) 7.8) 201) 128) 178, 252) 300) 345/18. 5626.91 SS Dak. 2.2 8.0} 9. 4) 5.0) 5.3] 8.6) 7.2) 7.5)11.0} 9.3) 7.0) 9.5) 195) 123) 167 247| 299) 325,20. 47,30. 88 A) ee 7.8) 8. 5] 8.0} 5.0} 9.5) 6.0] 7.0,11.0) 8.0} 5.5) 9.5) 185) 119) 147 230) 250 330}17. 60 31.35 ee 6.0} 7.0} 8.2) 3.0) 6.0} 6.0 6.0) 5.7) 5.8} 7.0} 5.0} 188) 125) 145 234) 290) 330/13. 23.16.50 Mont !* 23: =: 8. 4/12. 0| 7.0) 7. 7)12.0) 9.0} 8.0)10. 5) 9.5} 3.0) 5.2} 198) 120) 170, 248) 295) 338)15.4917.58 WEy0- 4 J02 25], 9. 3}--<-]10. 0}. 5-112.) 9: 9) ote 7.0) 6.5) 9.0) 239)... .- 145, 225) 261) 325,16. 16.29.25 8| 7.8) 8 Weer 9.7) 4.6) 7. [174.0 248. 6,206. 6,340. 2)18.33125.78 ’ U.S...| 8.0) 9.4] 5.2) 7.0] 9. fens.:36.0 1 Based upon farm price Dee. 1. TaBLE 73.—Flazseed: Farm price, cents per bushel on first of each month, 1909-1918. 191s | 1917 | 1916 | 1915 | 1914 | 1913 | 1912 | 1911 | 1910 OO Aad oe Ey ares 310.8 | 250.7 | 185.9 | 134.8 106.2 | 187.1 | 221.1 | 171.2 | 123.2) 181.5 “A ie teint ate 326.7 | 253.7 | 210.9 | 163.7 109.3 | 190-8 | 233.9 | 192.9 | 129.8| 1940 Mr. fics. 349.8 | 253.1 | 202.5 | 157-9 119.0 | 183.9 | 210.7 | 193.1] 141.3 | 197-4 1 ae iaee Na 379.7 | 266.1 | 202.1 | 167.7 113.6 | 191.3 | 234.6 | 193.9 | 145.6 | 202.7 Met eis cok soe: 373.3 | 300.6 | 191.8 | 169.6 114.3 | 181.0 | 241.9 | 209.5 | 148.7 | 206.5 eae reg 363.6 | 298.8 | 176.5 | 169.5 115.8 | 205.0 | 225.0 | 195.5 | 153.4 | 204.0 RR eae 349, 3 | 278.0 | 163.2 | 152.5 113.4 | 198.4 | 205.6 | 183.5 | 153.2 | 193.3 Ee Ra 410.5 | 271.6 | 178.1 | 144.6 118.6 | 175.2 | 199.2 | 209.7 | 137.0 | 199.5 BO Diae foe wie va os whens 381.2 | 302.8 | 190.2 | 143.5 127.8 | 162.6 | 203.6 | 220.0 | 123.1 199. 4 AS PI ARE a 380.9 | 308.5 | 199.2 | 148.1 12,6 | 147.7 | 205.0 | 234.3 | 122.8 | 199.6 UNO tok «Saw dee ak 333.8 | 295.9 | 234.7 | 162.9 118.7 | 133.4 | 210.6 | 229.4 | 139.8 | 197.8 AEE EE pied 340.2 | 296.6 | 248.6 | 174.0 119.9 | 114:7 | 182.1 | 231.7 | 152.9] 198.7 yet ; . 207.8 | 217.9 | 138.5 | 196.8 : : lture. gricu Yearbook of the Department of A 502 FLAX—Continued. el ~ p> yi % ™~ io) ~ 3 3 re S Q = gy a RS = FE nA = i 1919 % ao S “: z 7 S > So gn da da ad clot cid edied siselaeio COodticioded | od || aii dics ded o } <_< o a mI 4 E y ma a ay Ey . 1 OD ive) os 0310 suseax AND os “— Ls isd 5 o¢ 4 ae ro = 2B \| SLSBBS BRBSF5 SE358 g SSazSE/5 oa ae id aa aa an ad AA Ai od od od OD 08 od od os 5 his ate er at cicd died | i = . a Se ee ee - . rnc ne ret ~« tt ei | te 1 eee : ° i a DOO ° Sees als E Re Se Ee, Bel. soeeae ee RESES =| Bases |B Zz a] Fal aa na na ANA AAA | al |] od od odeded oi a8 ato of x3 | sSercbededed oe) a N nN tH 00 ND [ae] =) Brie) = > ae oe redite} wo rio} DOWN Me | © EEEP ER a TaSss B/SRS5R8 > oe uy 5 5 rar) 1H QIcO - & & bi rk a clad |] eked akededed | of ceeds od od wi et od od ei | ta teaesed s 3 = aa ° 7 nF ~~ TT) | I So 4) mel 5 al WOSOPAN | || Oow id stot x ofa aa S a 4 =8 3x =) aS HSezan B|RREZRG gtaese RERZSS/R fi id Pl na ad ad Naodededed | od |] sedaded asod we 03 0 si i ios 2 sisisiocodod | ae na na ni and AAA A od od 3 eae . .......... 78, 152,000 |80, 080,000 |79,698,000 73, 525, 760,000 |77, 931,840, 000 |80, 516, 800, 000 Smo: tee .5 ce oe a= (2 09 ee eee 4 ee eee ae SLD. eG SU Se cok case Bott eae eee Federated Malay States..| 3 124,000 |...........|.....-....- Tit ORL DUDA: oa chagan Seer Sooke ae oc wed Japanese Empire: AMS 8 oe le aa « 7,491,000 | 7,527,000 | 7,557,000 |17, 569, 018, 000 |18, 359, 997, 000 |18, 792, 894, 000 HR OMBOSA ace oicocce< Doha" 00" | 1,206) 000+. ooo. ~ ne - 1, 503,101,000 | 1,460, 563,000 |...........-.. i. Se AE COU so ks sees 215, rem So Let 3, 573, 193, 000 |. 3, 936, 361,000 |.............. Tava and Madura........ 6,940; 000.) 7,521, 000 (occee ce. 3 Ue SD CRC | haar eee) vay Pig sree Philippine Islands. . . -... 2,794,000 | 2,819,000 |........... 1,099, 914,000 | 1, 234,332,000 | 1,671, 684,000 Russia: Transcaucasia : and Turkestan7........ Bao O00 ee es et eee ck BLO SET OOO Ne oot ok el otk a RS Straits Settlements....... 8 92,000 “STU T 1 eaea Seete Heal ate ee ee | ee ee eae Fee ee RUE ee cs acct wtwiae as Ok SOO | oom as ape |omme cic aimt,<) COT EEN tf Soon et ncule ouunetowawes eee ocak Africa , Mipyiplenaseeco tay titee ee 331, 000 150, 000 273, 000 542, 439, 000 236, 528, 000 487, 163, 000 Madagascar...........-.- e198 000:|' 1876 000<|5. 22252. 1, 023, 012, 000 | 1,017, 470,000 |.............- PINGING amen teed. ss 2| a arenia ty |Ses'eS tee ecsl|acce eet ebes 4 806,000 Wl cc acstcocs eet seeds cccesce Oceania. Aoghralia... eos 2 eu, bon eR) Oia fe Reels es 47,000 QGjo Ae eek oe A Lan hd pa a ed ee “12, 000 | jul ae Dh oe fesea-tnwbe|pereenantadsarsdesoganerea prveseeeteeteteees 1 Census of 1909. 2 No official statistics. 8 Data for 1913. 4 Data for 1914. 6 Excluding a large area the production of which is not officially reported. 6 Excluding production of Matara, which in 1913 was 55,483,000 pounds, 7 Excluding Khiva and Bokhara, 8 Data for 1912. 9 Less than 500 acres. 10 Less than 500 pounds, \ 504 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. RICE—Continued. TABLE 76.—Rice (cleaned): Total production in principal countries for which estimates — [The fi are merely approximate. are available, 1900-1915. res below include the principal countries for which estimates are available. China and French Indo-China are not included below. Three Pr The totals shown ‘ovinces of China in 1910 produced 47,204,000,000 pounds of rice. The totals below may represent at least two-thirds’ of the total world production of rice.] Production. | { Year. | Year | Production. | Year. Production. 1} . Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. 100, 400,000,000 || 1906...... 105, 800, 000, 000 |} 1912........... 97, 300, 000, 000 94, 400,000,000 || 1907. .....- 100, 300, 000, 000 |} 1913. .........- 700, 000, 000 101, 690, 000, 000 || 1908. 22.22.22. 102, 900, 000, 000 |] 1914. .......... 102, 986, 000, 000 101, 800,000,000 || 1909... ........ 127, 700,000,000 |} 1915........... 115, 193, 190, 000 110, 709, 090,000 |} 1910. .......... 126, 109, 000, 000 102, 499,000,000 |} 1911........... 102, 100, 000, 000 TABLE 77.—Rice: Acreage, production, value, and condition, in the United States, 1904-1918. | Se mia Condition of growing crop. Average — Year. Acreage. | yield per| Production.| Price Se : , acre per Dee. 1. When $ bushel July 1. | Aug. 1.| Sept.1]| har- Dee. 1 vested. Acres. | Bushels.| Bushels. Cents. Dollars Per ct.| Perct.| Per ct.| Per ct. 662, 000 31.9 | 21,096, 000 65.8} 13,892,000] 88.2] 90.2] 8%7| 87.3 482, 000 28.2 | 13, 607,000 95.2} 12,956,000| 88.0] 92.9] 922] 89.3 575, 000 31.1 17, 855, 000 90.3 16, 121, 000 82.9 83.1 86. 8 87.2 627, 000 29.9] 18,738,000 85.8 | 16,081,000] 88.7] 88.6] 87.0| 887 655, 000 33.4 | 21,890,000 81.2] 17,77) 000 92.9 94.1 93.5 87.7 720,000 33. 8"| 24,368,000]. 22... ole. Se Pe4 610,000 35.8 | 21,839,000 79.6 | 17,383,000] 90.7| 84.5] 84.7 81.2 723, 000 33.9] 24,510,000 67.8 | 16,624,000 86.3 87.6 88.8 88.1 696, 000 32.9 | 22,934,000 79.7 18, 274, 000 87.7 88.3 87.2 85.4 723, 000 34.7 | 25,054, 000 93.5 | 23, 423, 000 86.3 86.3 88.8 | 822 - 827, 000 31.1 | 25,744,000 85.8 | 22,090,000} 88.4| 988.7] 88.0] 803 694, 000 34.1] 23,649,000 92.4 | 21,849, 000 86.5 87.6 88.9 88.0 803, 36.1 | 28,947,000 90.6 | 26,212,000} 90.5 90.0 82.3 80.9 869, 000 47.0 | 40,861,000 88.9 | 36,311,000 92.7 92.2 91.2 91.5 981, 000 35.4 | 34,739,000 189.6 | 65,879,000] 85.1] 85.0] 78.4 79.7 1, 113, 000 36.3 | 40,424,000 191.7 | 77,474,000 91.1 85.7 83.7 85.4 TABLE 78.—Rice: Acreage, production, and farm value, by States, 1918. Ave Average Farm State. Acreage. | yield per goete: farm price value acre. ‘ol eo! Derk Dee. 1. Acres. Bushels. Bushels. Dollars. Dollars. Orb OOROUDG iiss 5 aux vats. ceu ene eee 500 20.0 10, 000 + 2.00 20, 000 South Caroling... si cdov bse veden ade wes 4,500 23.0 104, 000 1.95 203, 000 GOORMAS otitis bese esse eee 1, 200 26.0 31,000 1.75 54,000 FI OriGR on. ooo os ohibaceis 3 Heat Mes 2! 1, 200 24.0 29, 000 1. 40 41,000 Missoutts .. 2.1 .> athe Mac liaeten t 550 45.0 25, 000 1.80 45, 000 Da LT EE ED | 600 25.0 15, 000 1.50 22,000 Mississippi ; 3,000 23.0 1.50 104, 000 Louisiana. . 580, 000 31.0 | 17,980, 000 1.95 , 961, 000 Texas..... 245, 000 32.0 | 7,840,000 1.97 | 15, 445, 000 Arkansas... ; 170, 000 43.0} 7,310,000 1.80 , 158, OalOria., . 6c< kn des dant ean cl al, ve 106, 220 66.0} 7,011,000 1.90 | 13,321,000 United States 1, 112, 77 36.3 | 40, 424,000 92 a ‘ Statistics of Rice. ; 505 RICK—Continued, TaBue 79.—Rice: Yield per arre, price per bushel Dec. 1, and value per acre, by States. P . Value Yield per acre (bushels). Farm ot per bushel | jor acre * cents). (dollars). 42 oe State. es a cs ~8 ve An a : a as on- ort had PEISISISISIE(S/8)| 2 S| 2l2éSlS/21/2/2 12/55) 2 Rapala |S pai iB13 | aS Rieti SiaiSpa;s ia | & 1G 6) 2 pes oe 24, 6/30. 2/26. 5/25. 6/25. 0/24. 0/26. 3/21. 0/21. Pay 0/20.0} 105] 75) 85) 8&5 195) 200/29. 22) 40. 00 Ss aete wlnnta 22. 6/25. 6/21. 0/11. 7/25. 0/30. 0/26. 0/24. 3/14. 0/25. 0/23.0) 109)° 92) 90) 90) 195) 195/30. 40) 44. 85 Giae Bate as das 26. 8)23. 9/22. 0/26. 8/30. 0/32. 0/28. 0/29. 3/20. 0/30. 0/26.0) 105} 89) 88] 87) 195) 175/34. 42) 45.50 Lib Pepe ----|24. 6/25. 0/21. 0/25. 0/25. 0/25. 0/25. 0/25. 0/25. 0/26. 0/24. 0] 93) 70) 75} 75) 195) 140/27. 86| 33.60 RE aun or ieee ieeunimces|saag | oe a wee 50. 0/51. 0/45. 0/45.0} 142]....| 100} 100 a 180/66. 88) 81.00 Ji aes i eae 26. 2/35. 0/25. 0/20. 0/30. 0/22. 0/28. 0/25. 0/25. 0'27.0)25.0) 93] 70) 75) 75 190) 150}29. 18} 37. 50 MESS mkt = 6 29. 5)30. 0/30. 0/36. 0/35. 0/28. 0/30. 0/25. 0/28. 0/30. 0/23.0} 98} 85) 88} 80) 190) 150/32. 28) 34.50 hige- 62 5.35uec- 33. 6/33. 8/34. 4/31. 5/33. 5/29. 0/32. 1/34. 2/46. 031.0/31.0) 106} 93) 90) 99) 199) 195/44. 28) 60.45 LE Ss Reel ie 34, 0/34. 0/33. 0/34. 3/35. 5/32. 0/33. 8)30. 5/45. 0/30. 0/32. 0} 107} 92) 89) 86) 200) 197/44. 00) 63.04 Ate 252.0... 41. 5/40. 0/40. 0/39. 0/37. 536. 0/39. 8/48. 4/50. 5/41. 0/43. 0) 108 95} 96) 199) 180/57. 12) 77.40 Cant anes 53. 8]... ./33. 0/40. 0/50. 0/48. 0153. 3166. 7/59. 0/68. 0/66. 0) 107) 100} 90} 78, 175, 190)80. bbl foe 40 U. 8...-[85, 83.818. 9182. 984. 7131. 1/34. 1186. 1/47 0/36. Alo: 3106: 8. 40 6'88. 9 189. 6 191.7 18.64 69. 62 | 1 Based upon farm price Dee. 1. - TaBLE 80.—Rice: Wholesale price per pound, 1913-1918. New York. Cincinnati. Lake Charles. New Orleans. Houston. Domestic Priine Rough, per Honduras, Head rice, Date. 162 pounds. cleaned. cleaned. 506 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. ; RICE—Continued. Taste 89.—Rice: Wholesale price per pound, 1913-1918—Continued. New York. Cincinnati. Lake Charles. New Orleans, Domestic . Rough, per Honduras (good). Prime. 162 pounds. cleaned. Date. “Sah oH oy g l Oe ae: bs ere ee Ree ne a E(S/ELElS| ELE) S| eels H}ATa)/A); ATA RAO < 4 ——S| ———————_ ___ ro Ki te a i —_—_—_—o—oeorrr*- 1918. | ) . Cts.| Cts.| Cts-| Cts. | Cts. Cts.| Dols.| Dols. | Dols. Cts. January) 2254 Slee $2.3)) 92 | B.9' |e8d 1 Ss] SiO: [agesaelas eee 5h Hepruary. ssc. sve 83 | 94 | 8.9] 84 MGreR jas eset. ae8 9} 94 | 9.4] 83 5 Se Rad at gi | 9/10 | 9.6] 9 Mays sift: Se | 91/10 | 9.91 9t SRDS, cies bknh'= a | 93 | 104 |10.0| 9} Jan.—June . .. 8 | 103 | 9.4 83 | 10 9.0 OW 52 7, ates. ee 10 | 10} {10.1 | 10 Angee... 10 | 104 |10.1 | 10 September........-- 10 | 104 |10.1 | 10 October..........--- 10 | 103 |10.2 | 10 November... -.-..--- 9} | 102% |10.5 | 10 December. ._...-..- 10} | 102 10.5 | 10 July-Dec..........: 93 | 103 [19.2 | 10 TaBLE 81.—Rice: International trade, calendar years 1909-13, 1916-17. — [Mostly cleaned rice. Under rice is included paddy, unhulled, rough, cleaned, polished, broken, and cargo rice, in addition to rice fiour and meal. Rice bran is not included. Rou os ad where specifically reported, has been reduced to terms of cleaned rice at ratio of 162 pounds r or unhulled to 100 pounds cleaned. “Rice, other than whole or cleaned rice,” in the returns of United Kingdom is not considered paddy, since the chief sources of supply indicate that it 1s practically all hulled rice. Cargo rice, a mixture of hulled and unhulled, is included without being reduced to terms of cleaned. Broken rice and rice flour and meal are taken without being reduced to terms of whole cleaned rice, See ‘‘ General note,’”’ Table 11.] EXPORTS. [000 omitted.) | Average,| . 1916 1917 _ || : Average,| 1916 | 1917 Country. 1909-1913 | (prelim.)| (prelim.) | Country. 1909-1913 |(prelim.) | (prelim.) ry Aa SAAR (cj ds SO . ier | | Pounds. | Pounds. | Pounds. snesty Pounds.| Pounds.| Pounds, BOW. | js -'5--> ec, Ee ee Ee So 5 PenaHge. «fae cteent 357, 548) 2.6. saomeeee ears | British India... ... 5, 387 BUD ops onan ds otas divans Bint. vaghiediniiees 1,928, 507| 2,627, 250).......... Dutch East Indies.| 132,400). .....0...|.......... Singapore.......... 768, 876) <. 2s us eaten eee as Vt ee pees cae | 79,087 41 S7ibeok Joao ce Other countries....| 866,020)..........]....-....- French Indo-China.| 2,288, 040|.......... he Spy ) a a Germany.......... 396, 628]:.4.7..... ape ® pe Wotel ti od 12,720, S45) Srgo.ve aes Saas Netherlands. ....... | 476,276 9, | Tees Sees IMPORTS. INTO— INTO— Austria-Hungary...| 183,411)...4......|....--2+- | Netherlands........ 144, 254].......... peer™ Peavkeden sal a = Pe OP her oe eres, ce: eee Te es 11, O85)... .2aees ane wetdaugy, 2) Ae ere? mn A, O7Dtes thane eden Perak... ..seui.Je0kal) PA ey eee ew oe phiene Mecaten British India. ...... 278, 272|...... HK OP Re Philippine Islands. 4 324, 045 Ceylon... 2s. abhe S821, 664)... Geos she cst cs Russias... 2.5. seas ae dkehie'ib hed ET apse peratey bas 704,992; 1,504,536) 1,311,624|) Selanmgor........... : OMG so 0 6 ws 0. ose re Ves ARR GS Singapore.......... 975, OO5)...... 2.2.4.3 Dutch East Indies. .| 1, ge ee caalet Sareea ved Oe sce t é B68: & neers ed States... ... 517, 861 : Other countries. ...) 1,242, 092).......... 913,772 | —_—__— 055, 676 otal; . wiseh 132, 543 cee Dh: STATISTICS OF CROPS OTHER THAN GRAIN CROPS. POTATOES. 5 . TasuE 82.—Potatoes: Area and production of undermentioned countries, 1915-191 7 Area. | Production. Country. oe ene et EW I en sree 1915 1916 1917 1915 1916 1917 oo NORTH AMERICA. Acres. Acres. Acres. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. United States. ..------------- 3,734, 000 3, 565, 000 4,374,000 359, 721, 000 226, 953, 000 438, 618, 000 Canada: Prince Edward Tsland..-.. 31,000 31,000 35,000 3,558, 000 6, 386, 000 6, 125,000 Nova Scotia....--------- 34, 000 34, 000 41, 000 4,759, 000 6, 935, 000 7,173,000 New Brunswick. .-.------ 40, 000 39, 000 46, 000 5,772,000 | _7,488, 000 6, 891, 000 Quebec. ..------------77- 117,000 | 112,000} 227,000 17,510,000 | 14,672,000 | 18, 158, 000 Ontario. .-.-------------- 155,000 133, 000 142, 000 14, 362, 000 8, 113, 000 18, 981, 000 Manitoba. ...------------ 30, 32, 000 34, 000 2,565, 000 4,709, 000 3, 643, 000 Saskatchewan..---------- 35, 000 47,000 68, 000 3, $47, 000 7,319, 000 9,010, 000 Alberta... -..-------------- 28, 000 29,000 49, 000 4,024, 000 4,783, 000 7,409, 000 British Columbia. - - - ---- 16, 000 15, 000 15, 000 3, 956, 000 2, 892, 000 2, 502, 000 Total Canada. ...------ 486,000 | 473, 000 657, 000 | 60,353,000 | 63,297,000 | 79,892,000 i EE eer ma 7 ie kee es eee ey ane iy ee ae ie 4 ae Mea ieiidiabdice: 628.2%» =H) «=~ ==> + ig Pediedetee 31, 524/000 (i) / | tine nie na ee gerveb eae SR STD PEED es citonel - 499, 221,000 |......------- ee bbe: SOUTH AMERICA. ae! ol ate by Argentina 3 eo 306, 000 399.000 No«- cece - 29,597,000 | 31,138,000 |..-.-------- (3 i iS ae le 78, 000 79,000 |..--------- 9, 546, 000 11, 598,000 |...------ awh ——=— (Ss sec ite rates a eae $84, 000. an -ooee-~= Coe. >| 39,143,000 | 42,736,000 |....-------- EUROPE. \° ———_— a ages Austria-Hungary / Austria 4....----22----+- 1, 757,000 |..-.-------|--92- 22077" 232, 203,000 |.------------ ‘eh, spec al Hungary proper 577,000 |.-.-------- Sega tae wee 209, 356,000 |.-.---------- Eee eee Croatia-Slayonia 6 194,000 |...-------- Pe ee 5 21, 140,000 |....--------- ete eae Bosnia-Herzegovina 6167, NOON: 2-5 <= --- fetes diana 6 2,998,000 |.....-------- ‘ep Ph eee Total Austria-Hungary.. | 3,595,000 |.---------- Nes pee Me 465,697,000 |....--------- ORD ee Bitar) osi.ks2-----* Oe eare Tey eeee: ee see, a. $ 117,613,000 |...------2-=- Et wah os Bulgaria...----------- ! 38,000 |...--- S| ESE re 3 503, 000 |...----------]--=-*------0 Denmark. ...--------- 160, 000 159, 000 143, 000 42,349,000 | 26,629 000 | 31, 882,000 rune eae 6 181,000 |....-.-----|--------7-- 7 18,736,000 |....-.-------|-----s20-20- France. ...0<-----+------ 3, 223, 000 3, 222, 000 3, 482, 000 332, 788, 000 335, 507, 000 401, 336, 000 Germany ..------------ 8, 827, 000 }-----------|-----5- 7-7 1,983, 161, 000 882,000,000 |...--------- 1 ee eee See oan ae 725, 000 729, 000 732,000 56, 768, 000 54,277,000 | 48, 112 000 Luxemburg...--------------- 36, 000 , 000 ; 6, 422, 000 2,971, 000 5,925, 000 1. he eee ore 3, 000 3,000 |..--------- 568, 000 356,000 |...--------- Netherlands. ...-.----------- | 438, 000 413, 000 419, 000 126, 741, 000 88, 490, 000 89, 858, 000 Norway..----------20--200077 | 113,000 | 114,000 5 ,957, 31,310,000 | 42,584, 000 Roumania ’....-------------- 28, 000 , 000 eee twee aa we cae -o-2"2 52 000 (a. v2.82] -6 |= 2 a0 2 Russia, European: Russia proper. ...-------- | 6,815,000 } 5, 879, 000 |. . Poland....--------------- 5 2,662,000 |..---------|-- Northern Caucasia. -.---- / 165,000 |...--------|----+2+-7°- Total European Russia. 9,642,000 |....-------|------ 22-77 Raia Sel eta a> 2 ese 2 | 331,000 |...-.------|--- Spain. ..-2-+---0----- 08008 7 Ges, 000 | ec csce~- nee Swoeden.....--------------"*" : 382, 000 373, 000 54, 972, 000 : Switzerland....-------------: 159, 000 200, 000 30, 681, 000 18, 372, 000 38, 580, 000 United Kingdom: ee England. ...-.----------- 437,000 | 400, 000 100,881,000 | $8, 484, 000 | 117,351,000 Scotland. ...------------- 144, 000 130, 000 36, 291, 000 19, 825, 000 41, 443, 000 MY ales Pak ss shan de-\des 26, 000 28, 000 5.821.000 | 5,018,000 | 7,380, 000 Treland....-------------- 594, 000 586, 000 138, 509, 000 90, 845, 000 155, 036, 000 ——_——_ —$—=—$ —— 281, 502, 000 | 204, 172, 000 321, 209, 000 ———— —————— 1 No official statistics. 4 Galicia and Bukowina not included. 7 Data for 1914. 2 Data for 1907. 6 Data for 1913. ’ 8 Grown alone. 3 Data for 1912. 6 Data for 1910. ® Grown with corn. 507 508 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. POTATOES—Continued. : TaBLeE 82.—Potatoes: Area and production of undermentioned countries, 1915—1917—Con. Area. Production. Country 1915 1916 1917 1915 1916 1917 ASIA. | Acres. Acres. Acres. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. Japidibl uk... eee | 225,000 | 254, 000 | 246,000 | 35, 103,000 | 38,613,000 | 36, 924, 000 Russia, Asiatic: | Central Asia (4 govern- | TOTES OLY. sot a aioe Orr: O00 bt SN ok 2 Soe hee 7,974,000 |... 26.2 ae eee Siberia (4 governments of) 296, 000 CR Ie etd Ca ea 24, 307, 000: |. . 2a: wwe eee # Transcaucasia (1 govern- | | ment of)e ss Ase. eee 2, 000 (esheets. 2 Boece 100, 000 | ic. Jee see oS . eS NES Eo ene = ee Total Asiatic Russia...| 404,000 |.........-- harden o7 4. Total. Seek Ae ee eee eee hum sees ee AFRICA ira a Aipotig ¥en tas, O00 [Se 27, 000 | Union of South Africa........ POS OU — sek oe tee een ee | At <1 pie ainne tes" e Neer Sapa =x, OE ee og le ee eer AUSTRALASIA. _ nn Ss so ~~ Australia: Queensland .............- 8,000 6, 000 9,000 New South Wales........ 30, 000 20, 000 22,000 Wietorian | 8 sccas ote a sen 65, 000 57,000 74,000 South Australia.........- 8,000 4,000 5, 000 Western Australia....... 5, 000 5,000 6, 000 ‘TaSMSTNS Sc e- 22S sce 32, 000 29, 000 34, 000 Total Australia. <)> 27. 148,000 |, 121,000 150, 000 | 13,351, 000 12, 421, 000 New Zealand.............-+- [22,000 | 30,000 | 26,000 | 4,952,000 | 4, 809,000 Total Australasia... ... ) 170,000 151, 000 176, 000 |! 18,303,000 | 17,230,000 Grand total...........- Bae ¥ | perenaeeces 2 opanenh ea 5,361, 898, 000 aera oh 1 Data for 1913. ? Census of 1911. TaBLe 83.—Potatocs: Total production of countries mentioned in Table 82, 1900-1915. | Year. | Production. | Year. Production. | Year. Production. Year. Production. / Buvhels. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels, 1900...... | 4,382,031, 000 || 1904. ..-..] 4,298,049, 000 || 1908...... 5, 295, 043, 000 |} 1912...... 5 ran TOOL Sars | 4) 669,958,000 || 1905...... 5, 254, 598,000 || 1909...... 5, 595, 567,000 || 1913...... 5, 802, ion 1903735 | 4/674, 000,000 || 1906......| 4,789,112, 000 || 1910...-..| 5,242) 278) 000 || 1914...... 5, 016, 291, 000° 1903. 1903..-.~+} 4,409, 708, 000 |} 1007... ~2}) 5, 122,078, 4,409, 793,000 || 1907...... 5, 122; 078, 000 1911...-..) 4, 842, 109,000 || 1915 -....| 5,361,898; 000 TasLe 84.—Potatoes; Average yield, per acre, of undermentioned countries in 1900-1918. Year. Boos (Euro- aay Austria. oer France! Average: cigs Bushels. | Bushels. eee. Bushels, | Bushels. TOESIDOG, \. cade ot sos a marae 9 200.0 Y B ro 1910-1915. ...... a - . 4 . i * ee eS Eee BRESS | B8855 eee ee eee eee eee nom Ba AA Ree eee eee wenn eee { 1 Bushels of 60 pounds. Statistics of Potatoes. POTATOES—Continued. Tasie 85.—Potatoes: Acreage, production, value, exports, etc., in the United States, 1849-1918. 509 Te Note.—Figures in italics are census returns; figures in roman are estimates of the Department of Agri- culture. Estimates of acres are obtained by applying estimated percentages of increase or decrease to the published numbers of the preceding year, except that a revised base is used for applying percentage estimates whenever new census data are available. Aver- age Year. | Acreage. | yield} Production. per acre. Acres Bush| Bushels OS) Ree eae 65, 798, 000 ER ieee 111, 149,000 1866. ..| 1,069,000 |100. 2 | 107, 201, 000 1867. ..| 1,192,000 | 82.0] 97,783, 000 1868. ..} 1, 132,000 | 93.8 | 106, 090, 000 1869. ..! 1,222,000 {109.5 | 133, 886,000 | Ld 2 aa Bese 143, 337,000 1870. ..| 1,325,000 | 86.6 | 114, 775, 000 1871. ..| 1,221,000 | 98.7 | 120, 462, 000 1872. ..| 1,331,000 | 85.3 | 113, 516, 000 1873. ..| 1,295,000 | 81.9 | 106,089, 000 1874. ..| 1,310,000 | 80.9 | 105, 981, 000 1875. ..| 1,510,000 {110.5 | 166, 877,000 1876. ..| 1,742,000 | 71.7 | 124, 827,000 1877. .-| 1,792,000 | 94.9 | 170,092, 000 1878. ..| 1,777,000 | 69.9 | 124, 127, 000 1879. ..| 1,837,000 | 98.9 | 181, 626, 000 TPO ah oess ba) m= = 169, 459, 000 1880. ..| 1,843,000 | 91.0 | 167,660,000 1881. ..| 2,042,000 | 53.5 | 109, 145, 000 1882. ..] 2,172,000 | 78.7 | 170,973,000 1883. ..| 2,289,000 | 90.9 | 208, 164, 000 1884. ..| 2,221,000 | 85.8 | 190, 642, 000 1885... 2,266,000 | 77.2 | 175,029,000 1886. ..| 2,287,000 | 73.5 | 168,051, 000 1887. ..| 2,357,000 | 56.9 | 134, 103, 000 1888. ..] 2,533,000 | 79.9 | 202,365, 000 1889. ..| 2,648,000 | 77.4 | 204, 881, 000 i A ea ae 217, 546,000 1890. ..} 2,652,000 | 55.9 | 148, 290, 000 1891. ..| 2,715,000 | 93.7 | 254, 424, 000 1892. ..| 2,548,000 | 61.5 | 156, 655, 000 1893. . .| 2, 605,000 | 70.3 | 183,034,000 1894. ..| 2,738,000 | 62.4 | 170,787,000 1895. ..| 2, 955, 000 |100. 6 , 237, 000 1896. . .| 2,767,000 | 91.1 | 252, 235, 000 1897. .-| 2,535,000 | 64.7 | 164,016, 000 1898. ..| 2,558,000 | 75.2 | 192, 306, 000 1899. ..| 2,581,000 | 88.6 | 228, 783, 000 1899. ..| 2,939,000 | 93.0 | 278,318,000 1900. ..| 2,611,000 | 80.8 | 210, 927,000 1901. ..| 2, 864,000 | 65.5 | 187, 598, 000 1902. ..| 2,966, 000 | 96.0 | 284, 633, 000 1903. ..| 2,917,000 | 84.7 | 247, 128, 000 1904. ..] 3,016,000 |110. 4 | 332, 830, 000 1905. ..| 2,997,000 | 87.0 | 260,741,000 1906. ..| 3,013,000 |102. 2 | 308, 038, 000 1907. . .| 3, 128,000 | 95.4 | 298, 262,000 1908. . .| 3, 257,000 | 85.7 | 278, 985, 000 1909...) 3,525,000 }106. 8 | 376, 537, 000 1909. ..| 8,669,000 |106.1 | 389, 195,000 1910 2. .| 3,720,000 | 93.8 | 349, 032, 000 1911. ..| 3,619, 000 | 80.9 | 292, 737, 000 1912. ..| 3, 711, 000 {113.4 | 420, 647, 000 1913. ..| 3, 668,000 | 90.4 | 331, 525, 000 1914. ..| 3,711, 000 |110. 5 | 409, 921, 000 1915. ..| 3,734, 000 | 96.3 | 359, 721, 000 1916. ..| 3,565,000 | 80.5 | 286, 953, 000 1917. ..| 4,384, 000 |100. 8 | 442, 108, 000 1918. ..| 4,210,000 | 95.0 | 400, 106, 000 ee ee ee ———————— EE Aver- Chicago cash price per uM age bushel, fair to fancy.! | Domestic, Imports farm | Farm value “teal” | “fiscal” Por | Dec.1. | December. F ota year be- year be- bushel po | S| ginning | goning ; Dec. 1. Low. |High. | Low. |High ¥ cic he Cts. Dollars. Cts. | Cts. | Cts. | Cts. | Bushels. | Bushels. Sig ute lee .s <.tee. bes 35 3, 500 7,000 CRED Boe ee a oe 160 11,040 16, 560 Imdianey. -. 6. sea tee 97 7,760 10,476 TE ONR es Sede ea bee 160 11,520 17,050 Michigan........... 340 28,560 25,418 Wiseatigtt. ). ious 295 33,040 26,432 Minnesota.......... 312 32,760 24, 571 SOMES nncine adn dees : 134 9,648 12,832 Ty ee ee 114 6,954 10, 640 Produc- State. Acreage. tion. Acres. | Bushels. North Dakota...... 90 8,910 South Dakota...... 90 8,190 Nebraska. . . 121 10, 406 Kansas. . 80 4,240 Kentucky:....2...2 75 5,625 Tennessee. ........- 50 3,500 Alebaina 0.1. sous 60 4,800 Mississippi......... 20 1,600 Louisiang.. F.gaasn 55 4,345 CEBAGy an cepedtcumaan 60 3,300 Oklahoma......... 37 1,258 Arkansas........... 48 2,400 Montang 4: . 1.00022 52 7,020 Wyoming.! ...0i2 30 4,500 Colorado........... 72| 11,376 New Mexico....... 10 1,000 Arigonai us. Jinanes 5 425 Utalis Wgers didane’ 20 3,600 Nevada. +... usmaets 9 1,539 TONG s 45 sss cs eee ‘ 29 5, 220 Washington........ 65 8,580 OfrOdOt is 3 ne wh are a 50 5,500 Oaliiornia ..- ) 35 > ole na o> ~~ » | Oo 288/58 /3/2 18/5 |2/8 N. Mex..} 90} 85; 47} 80 100! 68] 100] 100| 102 Atiz..... 99} 90 92] 95] 125 75! 1101 95| 115 Utah....| 164) 180, 142} 140) 185] 180 140) 125] 180 Nev..... 170 189 150! 160| 178| 160| 130) 172| 190 Idaho. . .| 164! 200] 142] 180! 185| 170 155 125] 150 Wash...-| 144} 170) 131] 160) 167] 123) 128) 135] 165 Oreg.....| 126} 160) 105] 130] 155] 135 115| 150 Cait..... 134) 130] 130| 135] 130] 119] 138) 130] 141 U. S../96. 8/106. 893. 8 \80..9 9) 113.4 4 (90. 4 4/110. 5, 5,96. 3)80. 5/100. 8) 8,95. 0/80. 8 Farm price per bushel (cents). { 10-year aver- age, 1909-1918, ~ Based upon farm price Dee. 1. TABLE 90.—Potatoes: Stocks on January 1. Value per acre (dollars).1 5-year aver- age, 1914-1918. _— 48.7 il. 7146. 1122. 81119. 93. 64113. 57 State and year. Total (21 Northern States): 1918-19 1915-16 1918- 1915-16 1918-19 1915-16 eee eee eee eee ee pit | eer eee eee ee ee ee eee eee ee eee eee ee Total roduc- tion (000 omitted). Bushels. S865 SESS Shar S838 Per cent of Bushels | Stock held by— 000. ) |-————- omitted).| Grow- | Deal- ers. ers. 120,769| 82.4] 17.6 150, 666 84.6 15.4 60, 603 74.9 25.1 110, 810 79.5 20.5 29, 590 85. 3 14.7 32, 748 86.8 13.2 24 140 71.0 29.0 26,312| 980.6) 19.4 19, 734 79.5 20.5 20,900} 82.8] 17.2 8,065} 688) 31.2 15,432} 821] 17.9 12, 096 81 19 10,313 | 84 16 11, 985 72 28 12,709] 82 18 17, 480 92 8 22, 040 95 5 9, 184 85 15 12,766 | 95 5 10, 248 88 12 12,699 | 88 12 6,092] SI 19 , O84 85 15 4, 396 74 26 8,480 | 87 13 1,323 |. 71 29 5,520} 84 16 2,724 &l 19 3,978 | 81 19 652} 85 15 2, 992 69 31 8,917 7 26 5,400] 88 12 1, 958 74 26 4, 851 74 26 . woe wow x em oe Nef8 SESS SSSh Nwow uaoce Oe ao Stocks Jan. 1. bushel Dee. 1. | Mar. 1. Bas: R88 - . . * . ’ e . BME BEE a a>. tt = * ote ss Statistics of Potatoes. 513 POTATOES—Continued. TaBLE 90.—Potatoes: Stocks on Janwary 1—Continued. Price per Stocks Jan. 1. her aan State and year. ~ ying to Per cent of tion (000 omitted). ~ Bros ae or Dec. 1. | Mar. 1. of : ————_——_ crop. omitted). Grow- | Deal- ers. ers. : Bushels Cente. | Cents CUS eee ee es 560} 51 14,565| 82 18 i oes ee ple ty erties ao seees erode tcees se - 35, 910 58 20, 828 88 12 105 85 ET ees ae shan 's'eeiit extn dim aie aie 15, 360 36 5, 530 78 22 160 235 al ee et oe rc at at nS em ie abo iS 20, 945 57 11, 938 82 18 56 86 sin: EOE ee a ee eee 33,010 51 16, 850 80 20 td) 1a eel a ied Meili Baie eee 34, 998 60 20, 999 80 20 90 83 (ol Th hoy Soa a ee ees ee 13, 630 56 7, 633 79 21 147 227 Ua a ee a eee 25, 926 59 15, 296 78 22 45 75 Minnesota: 1a SS eeested, Toate eee = Rae 32, 760 42 13, 759 76 24 ‘i eee OD nie SPER EE BEE EEE EE OE 33, 600 50 16, 800 80 20 91 75 ol ai = ee See Se eee eee 16, 800 37 6,216 62 38 130 210 LEST ald aoe ae ee ee 30, 210 46 13, 896 72 28 39 67 North Dakota eee =e ss 2 SS eae 8,910 42 3, 743 86 14 yo Bere 0 tata SE ia IE 3,870] 29 1,122] 8 14 130 140 Da ae ante ia ale SiS ime am no mln 6,975 22 1, 534 63 37 115 173 eis 3 Sacto ae ox = 7,200} 41 2,952} 73 27 41 74 Nebraska: Le a? SSS eps i an age an 10, 406 37 3, 851 76 24 tg eS Silt ee ag ce ei a 12,495| 48 5,998 | 79 21 107 126 | Ss I ee ee ae eae 7, 29 2,223} 69 31 150 228 Te I ee oe a a 11, 550 41 4,735 73 27 42 88 Kentuck Ag ae oie ane nae oe nce ee = 5, 625 52 2,925 75 25 pe ae ee 9H Ds EE a RS aE 6,720| 53 3,562] 83 17 140 156 Rei feweass peers stores ene o eee oe 4,116 36 1, 482 89 11 142 235 0 A ee eee oe oe 6,426 | 52 3,342 | 86 14 55 of Montana: Dat ea SS iy eee See 7,020 66 4, 633 82 18 Ld ae COUT eae iS a 5,415] 45 2,437 | 84 16 102 104 ee Aaa ee 4,875] 64 3,120} 63 37 120 163 0 SE SS a ee 6,045| 69 4,171} 89 11 50 74 0: LLL Sh Ee Sie Ss See ne ee ee 11,376 56 6, 371 89 ll LU AEB nee tees = aoe Se ens sa dS os fs 12, 800 60 7,680 90 10 91 91 LD) eee aS ORE See eee A en ee 6, 900 42 2, 898 86 14 135 238 : oS LA a eS Se ee 7,155] 55 3,935 | 87 13 55 71 BRR itn de echo rcsacckuws gees é 5,220] 58 3,028} 86 14 hh eee OL Se 8 I es ee ee ee 6, 034 46 2,799 87 13 79 65 SECIS ps i ey ee re ae 4, 050 44 1, 782 84 16 127 175 TS Ae a ies BR ad ee ae 3, 500 38 1,330 92 8 56 7 Washington: JSS eg at Be are 8,580} 62 5,320] 89 11 St: eos ETN ee a ee St a nie She ne eae weed 9, 875 36 3,555 83 17 92 62 SDD Ss ty SORES Ee ee eee eee ee oe 9, 900 32 3, 168 69 31 98 168 UST ee ee ne 8,235| 46 3,789 | 72 28 53 71 ; TABLE 91.—Potatoes: Farm price, cents per bushel, on 1st of each month, 1909-1918. 121.0 | 147.3] 70.6] 49.7] 68.4] 50.6) 84.5] 54.1] 56.0] 72.0 77.4 122.9 | 172.4] 88.0] 50.4] 69.7] 53.1] 94.4] 55.1] 56.2) 73.3 8.6 120.3 | 240.7] 94.4] 50.4] 70.7] 52.0]102.0] 55.3] 54.6] 80.0 92.0 92.6 | 234.7] 97.6] 47.8] 70.0] 50.3] 117.1} 55.5] ¢7.4] 86.3 89.9 80.1 | 279.6 | 94.8) 50.5] 71.4] 48.2] 127.3] 62.5] #84] 97.3 95.0 75.5 | 274.0] 98.8] 50.8] 71.3] 55.2] 119.7] 63.3] 57.4] 97.7 4.4 94.9 | 247.9 | 102.3 | 52.1] 81.5 | 49.8] 103.6] 96.3] 40.1] 91.0 96.0 141.6 | 170.8 | 95.4] 56.3] 87.1] 69.2] 86.5 | 136.0] 64.9] 8.1 99.3 148.8 | 139.1 | 109.3 | 50.5 | 74.9] 75.3 | 65.0] 113.7] 72.9] 71.5 92.1 143.6 | 122.1] 112.0] 48.8] 64.7] 73.9] 51.1] 88.3] 97.8] 64.3 8.7 127.2 | 127.8 | 135.7] 60.8] 52.8] 69.6] 45.5] 76.3] 55.7] 57.8 80.9 119.5 | 122.8} 146.1] 61.7] 48.7] 68.7] 50.5 | 79.9] 55.7] 54.1 80.8 121.8 | 164.9 | 114.1 | 54.4] 64.4 | 64.3 72.5 | s0.6| 56.4| 70.8 | - 80.4 98911°—yreK 1918——37 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. ONG 57 F | S258: ( OR Les) OT ——— |_| | SS sS—X—————— | 18° STS |" °°" "| PHT | 28 Go°% "| OST | 06° Olt fi FIT OL'T bi $0°T 6% 'T dalactesa|ecsts6 0¢'T Saks ats 06°S | S8°T |" " "| Se°e | 02° OFS |°°"""") 88°S | 00 OS Sas. | SEB Pao CFS |" " "| 8°S | “THedy OFS [2 1 04'S | ST were sos YorEyy GPs [2s] OBE | ROOT horn | ORS) POR Tale: ees 3) ROree) OB "TE fs ea) OR OL O0TO IT totem nae cert een tee “**** Aaeniqed Garp sores) Stee | OND [Fee Aes se OS Tse) Goce. [OO Lee | Clr Sk Reet SEE Noe vat ne OB edness ODS OOS Gis a: OSHC iaatinastts r “088 |. ; MOT | gay] U3tH| “MOT *(spunod got 10d) *(spunod *(jeysnq oOosPouURIy Ug QOT 40d) JaATIAgy Jad) yeuUTVUT,) 514 “LI6I UTnS SERS TS TSS OM ee Mquecmengesns oe 2226s SSeS Rsarss-)- ena eee “9T6I snagepeoeser sos: 30a sreee="*"-QUNs—"UBS “CT6T ssnsenesesseesegoqnATat “"*"9unr-"Uer oS m1 Oo tie rsa *s| 28'S oaq-Ame 09°0$) €8°0$}""""*" “= SS*3) [8°84 OL S-- S: | aa so ~ =" * GON f- aes “ST6T ‘938 |. . “938 |, ‘O38 |. = -roAy) WIH| “OT | oa y| 48 -r0ay| UST |*MOT SVie=.* a : “oye *(jaysnq ‘ *(jeqsnq, *(spumod ost rad) yuvqang (Teqsnq rod) Aouvy rod) u10}s0\\ PUB ‘smno’'y “49 ied) sylodveuuty 0} Arey ‘OSBOTYO 971g ‘YIOA MON SIGI-SI6I ‘aud appsajoy 44 7820}0J— ZG ATAVL, penutjqo)—SHOLV Lod 515 Statistics of Potatoes. s a 19 ~ IMInoecoeo S| or~onnae ANI ANANANR ITA & || SSo2sR ANAK a =) | 19 a = oo Ou nee ite] i> iy SABASS |B iw an et | ce 8 armed | N | MANNA IAN LOnam~ oO danni et INO O O19 1 AOCONN SApeic EL k= “841 001 494 Shs | O8* SFL | G$2°S | OTT GE"T | O9°T | $8 O€*T | TL‘T | 08 Se" | O08 T | 00'T 10% | $h°S | O9'T T7777") 00°SS! OFS | G2°T 8ST | $9°L | GST | 29°T | $0°% | G6" 80°% | SZ°E | OFT | 10°S | $2"s | $8" T | OL°T | OSL | 2ZE°T | OFS | SB" 90°% | OFS | O6'T | €9°T | ST°S | 06° CES | OFS | OFZ | 82'S | OLS | SOT It'S | $2 | O8 'T ; 8E°% | S2'E | OST | 8% 02 °€ | O& 'T $9'T | $2°€ | 08° 69°T | OS SF 06° GZS | SS°E | GT GGT | S&T | $0'T STE | SEE | 06: GZ°T | 09°T | 08° 86°T | O1°% | 06'T 86 I$! O1°% *8Q1 001 49d 06°T “891 00] od GTS |ROPSG.s| IOs ba gave ae ae oe = eee OC GEE | OR Gor OR Tal SPT ier easier ark pe en IIS | OFS | SOT E BAT z “77 7""""19q UIdAON Ge WORMS. (MOTs os boo Sb ee ee ee ed Re Beano sete won ancien fee amit ES ants been an esw5 seen ep ee ey ale ieee cece terest Caran B08 | Res hide gets ctr rr ae os | eee logy rte eum SFT | 92° | 00°L Cop eanatgcentag GLI | 21's | oa'T Nae, ZT 162% | OO'L frvccceee eee 08 “T 00°% 6€'Z | 08°% aa er ae eo a 89°2S! €£°8 “+++ > Arenuey 841 OOT 43d 516 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. POTATOES—Continued. TABLE 93.—Potatoes: International trade, calendar years 1911-1917. GENERAL NOTE.—Substantially the international trade of the world. It should not be ex ed that the world export and import totals for any year will agree. Among sources of disagreement are these: (1) Different periods of time covered in the “ year”’ of the various countries; (2) imports received in subsequent to year of export; (3) want of uniformity in classification of goods among countries; (4) differ- ent practices and varying degrees of failure in recording countries of origin and ultimate destination ; (5) different practices of recording reexported goods; (6) opposite methods of treating free ports; (7) clerical errors, which ,it may be assumed, are not infrequent. The exports given are domestic exports, and the ar given are imports for consumption as far asit is feasible and consistent so to express the facts. While there are some inevitable omissions, on the other hand there are some duplications because of reshipments that do not appear as such in official reports. For the United Kingdom, import figures refer to imports for consumption, when a\ ailable, otherwise total imports, less exports, of ‘‘foreign and colonial merchandise.’ Figures for the United States include Alaska, Porto Rico, and Hawaii. , EXPORTS. [000 omitted.] Aver- | i916 | 1917 Country. nee, (pre- (pre- Country. aan. lim.) | lim.) From— Netherlands............ Portugal -5: 32222225545 MISSIA «+. Sac de aes Spain. 2. oo 5c-eeee nited Kingdom... United States ....-. Other countries........ Total... 5 o. daasami IMPORTS. Into— Into— DU 2 ee pe Sy 2271S eo ened Norway,>.-22-523-ses05 Argentina....... 1,337 235 15 Philippine Islands Austria-Hungary. 4070 fo28 ce see does Portugal. ..22.'s 2 BeGlSWAM. 2. < ew ee eae A GALA Sas season see Fiussl@ue . so. ose JOEAAL oo eee ees 939 AGT fx ce aes Sweden., >; 22s Ganads,. .. ss eBcges 525 573 463 || Switzerland............ Colbei ee ee PA he ee ees See SS United Kingdom....... ty eee epee ie eee Pl United States.......... Finland. ......----...:-), | 479}: — 200ijc.....-.'}| Other countnies:-~ ease PPOHOS. svc soca danewocty ‘ty LSS Cag ONe towed Germany. << .-s0s5.e55 s+ POTD ewes slp noeee ss | 9 ROT See Statistics of Sweet Potatoes. 517 SWEET POTATOES. TABLE 94.—Sweet potatoes: Acreage, production, and value, in the United States, 1849-1918. Norre.—Figures in italics are census returns; fi Se in roman are estimates of the Department of Agri- culture. Estimates of acres are obtained by applying estimated percentages of increase or decrease to the published numbers of the preceding year, except that a revised base is used for applying percentage esti- mates whenever new census data are available. r g Nem verage arm Year. Acreage. | yield per | Production. | price per i he acre. bushel Z3: Dee. 1. Acres. | Bushels. Bushels. Cents. Dollars. _. | Eo ee ie eee a Pe ss | Eee aes BR SUSI Ne kt = Ade SS es 1 DE EE SERRE y SA gaa cx 5s>a, ———— ———_ Missouri...... a aeg United States.| 55, 971 | 76,069 | 1,524, 307 BSSr3 RSTSR Ssene SIRRS lars). Value er acre ( S-seaee seine SASH ats Saeee EASES Aeeee RSSER SSSER re et et et et et et et et re ‘og saz RSRER RRERS SSSS SSSSS SSS8R eure wiiid arm price per ton (dollars). O3BIVAB IvOA-OT Ree eee Se SSS BSR RSS3S SSSkR §& lee hee oe ee a ae | SS StS et St Se et SS St 4's - vat vet Lootenienten on! ett tit 11. bi 11. 22/17, 09)20, 04 cae: S2== Saaz | wide dates re SERS Aicdcia BEA BRSSR RESSS BRIS Sass § SSSRS 2 SSSRe & RSSRR RASS el ssel es ct HA Y—Continued. Sake Nod Aiod eRe eieteied aidscdad SKS SRRe |S) Aaicsad ada | aS et St et et SSeS et SAAS Saeed neff eH panna =8388 REESE Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. Average yield per acre (tons). Ln io heen tention! Bann BESS 3 8 Ss eas ; Seen SA RASSR RARES ~ OSRIDAB IBOA-YT BR RATER RazeR RSs 3 $Rz= pee NN asin Nand A Taste 103.—Hay: Yield per acre, price per ton Dec. 1, and value per acre, by States. State. 522 1, 51/1. 36 13, 14 1 Based upon farm price Dee. 1. hae 1. 36)1, 14 a 1, 31)1. 43 1. 68/1. 64 43 U. 8... Statistics of Hay. 523 HA Y—Continued. TABLE 104.—/]ay: Stocks on May 1. Production , : ofallhay | Percent Tons on Sg uae Price per Year. preceding phi moe May 1 is y. vr ear yl. ay 1. 15 (wild). (fons) (tame) TaBLE 105.—Hay: Farm price per ton on 1st of each month, 1909-1918. Date. 1918 | 1917 | 1916 | 1915 | 1914 | 1913 | 1912 | 1911 | 1910 | 1909 pong BAM eset kh )os- 52 Je: $18. 09 cr oy $10. 07 |$10. 47 |$11. 70 |$11. 11 |$13. 75 |$11. 69 |$10. 45 | $9.09 | $11.76 18. 88 10.55 | 10.83 | 11. 67 | 10.86 | 14.39 | 11.80 | 11.34) 9.27] 12.09 iL 4 10. 75 | 10.89 | 11. 69 | 10. 61 | 14.66 | 11.57] 11.61] 9.47| 12.19 12.53 | 10. 85 | 10.98 | 11.52 | 10. 43 | 15.64] 11.36] 11.53] 9.65] 12.32 13. 94 | 11. 27 | 11. 03 | 11. 63 | 10.42 | 16.31 | 11.69] 11.08] 10.12] 12.55 14. 68 | 11. 47 | 11.16 | 11. 64 | 10. 55 | 16.22 | 12.38 | 10.84] 10.70} 12.68 13. 96 | 11.10 } 10. 85 | 11. 29 | 10. 47 | 14.32 | 13.19] 10.75 | 10.50} 12.25 12.90} 9.89 | 10.19 | 10. 76 | 10. 43 | 12.03 | 13.83] 10.75 | 9.74] 11. 64 13.26 | 9.72] 9.95 | 11.10] 11. 04 } 11. 21 | 13.63] 11.21 | 9.67] 11.82 13.83 | 9.65 | 9.83 | 10.96 | 11. 45 | 11.02 | 13.53 | 11.12] 10.03} 11.99 15.16} 9.99] 9.98] 10.78 | 11.51 | 11.08 | 13. 61 | 11.20] 10.35 | 12.29 17.09 | 11.22 | 10. 63 | 11.12 | 12. 43 | 11.79 | 14.29] 12.14] 10.50] 13.12 13.53 | 10. 48 | 10. 50 | 11. 28 | 11. 02 13. 24 12.83 | 11.21 | 9.93 | 12.22 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. HA Y—Continued. 524 Beet sw ip ME eel ee 6 6 ce 8 Pe a ok ee eee el se a le 8 BSS8azs e lececaa 8 tn oo eee eee. Jam EEE = uwiry|2i: SS 88 S88] Ssesse|sissssss Ss! Sseses is eccese £| ee | mm) 31: ass Ssnae zIAeESSS |§ g es git 88 88 S88] Ssssss ge a HEEL Seasce = \eecces |e cS ee e828 85 RS AS gaeece | SSS RSS WS sBSASH \eesees (3 = S |u| 2 | Mv] sea gi Ag all saad ala lnaweee FE lal) e4sees5 dk leges ais bts fe 8 am | S68 SS 8% ee | ssaes seeeee ss ls lesaeea 3s HE S8ss88 \Sleaices fe Sie Te TH) Sai <8 4s a8 sdaaae SSSeax |S |iksicgss |e ee ee wpe ee fee =| te ts ab be eqeccecs |e| eeasae le lecceag le = 4 ase 38 4s SRaa SIIRARRKR IRI SS 8 IR ISSASSS : % |osay| 22 88 BS al SELES 2 |eneaae |a| SaBRSR/E ZEIEER |S a | ase 4% #8 sel sénaada ls igadsas lall sasaaa 18 lee: saa is. < g | & “wp | 222 823 88 3 | BREESE = |necees lal Se eee’ cladacad a ey ee “1 ene Re As SSaRAA ARAASS |S SSSARe |S RSSSss 1s Ss |) ‘a0 | ges Sz 68 ee sseen |= |seecee =| oe cces [a langees (a = A 2D} gti ee oe siseee |s|Ssanka | sll Aesas SRNRE |S ¥ (33 68 &8 2s] S8288s E8252 |e] S2NHSS |k | S8SSss |= 5 | 2 [omev| 222 25 S32 sel cacase|<|seenealall sadecs Is laccaea la 318] | eml see 58 28 | Seeees |= |ceecee |e | ceases a yeeeees |= 5 2B = a ieee 2 won| dug ee ae ae Ceeene ahecsaca le) gadaas |Esssacle s a! es | 2A SE BS ee | SRE 3 lcleeaaes |e Al SHRRBS isle RSASAS | Ae et TASese 48 ose oe see alail dseade la lisadess lk m |e | E ) om| dee Se Se S| Seeees [8 [Seeces |e] seeces [8 |eeeece | kee Ge er WH | sig se sa gall sesan ARAN IS SSaeea is ixseeas ls e |S Tesgtase seeeee =e /ESSeee |=) Seesee = | Seeeee |= = Zz et ads dé sd 4e] Heese |e lensdas |S) SRRNKE 3 llssadae ls e. pe rae a a Rah pa AP A oh EAA ein kd ee ge FEUER, SNe iee - fe 5 ne tide Pa ia rior id a ee a SAS TCs ae Lanieataenaert = ie S ie a be} nH Se raat Died tate ae VBE ep 8 Wet eee < sue an sity an ee a ee RT py inet ee PT eae ee eer restate tie : E dis iia "9 Sais Rata ee teniage Sebi! Poghc nt Pit id dake pare ; BO itd At <> ee Se Se wh 8 Mas ines SRN Ra ie Eder Seges Sigs me te 0D 3 diigiigiigii gi € iiibie gifidie tiuiig 8 G THe TREC pee nete ie BP om: mech eS Sake BA Ef Bf #8 paiiii & iveseé = PdjiiiS igegeg * ae og gh gh seep ES basses ESeERE BERSES #3 83 g2 SS S22883 823528 S822582 228526 Statistics of Hay. 525 ; HAY—Continued. TABLE 107.—Wild, salt, and prairie hay: Acreage, production, and value, 191 [000 omitted.] Farm Farm Produc- Produc- State. Acreage. value State. Acreage : value i tion Dec. 1. > | mn Dec. 1 | ; Acres Tons Dollars. : | Acres Tons. | Dollars. Matnesses?. ee 2 24 22 308 || North Dakota.. 2,115 1,904 25,704 New Hampshire.... 20 18 252 || South Dakota...... { 8,282 3, 282 40,040 Vermont...... BLAS 13 13 182 || Nebraska.......... 2,588 2,277 41,214 Massachusetts....... 20 20 300 lt Kansas... ..-2....2. 1,012 607 11,108 Rhode Island....... L 1 18 || Kentucky-.......... 5 5 80 Connecticut........- 12 12 168 || Tennessee.......... 28 28 610 pM i OPe bo =e 50 50 650 || Alabama........-.. 35 35 612 New Jersey......--- 35 44 572 || Mississippi......... 40 48 893 Pennsylvania. ...... 14 13 182 |} Louisiana......... é 38 38 1,140 Delaware.........-. 10 12 Tea Dexns =) oe fo. ooo. 212 159 3; 6 1h 119 || Oklahoma.......... 540 302 5,617 8 8 148 || Arkansas........... 137 123 2,829 6 7 112 || Montana........... 482 362 5,973 42 46 690 || W pat Pe 300 330 5,676 10 10 238 |} Colorado..-......... 451 424 7,420 13 12 258 || New Mexico-....... 29 20 410 9 10 PAN ATION cos oan 13 13 195 2 3 44 || Utah....... 08 106 1, 230 60 72 1,030 || Nevada... 144 72 1,022 85 110 1,925 Idaheese = 22 S387 a. 113 124 1, 860 40 42 445 || Washington 26 35 700 351 456 7,478 || Oregon...... 176 176 3, 168 1,700 1,955 | 26,002 || California. 182 173 3, 287 570 11, 286 2 ue uum 138 104 1, 768 United States..| 15,283 | 14,374 | 219,185 TaBLeE 108.—Wild, salt, and prairie hay: Acreage, production, and value, 1909-1918. ; Yield Farm Year. Acreage. per Production. | price per; Farm value. acre. ton. Acres. Tons. Tons. Dollars. Dollars. JD sok a See eed 15, 283, 000 0.94 14,374, 000 15. 25 219, 185, 000 So LAS SE as ee aa 16, 212, 000 93 15, 131, 060 13. 49 204, 086, 000 pe ee Shan Ret 8 2 Se ak 16, 635, 000 1.19 TOI, OODLE ce siete oe se ge ce LLL Tes 2 a a pee eo 16,796, 000 1.27 155° 3M LN eS (aie ane aes ee UL DE NES ores ae 16,752, 000 Wit EE LO RN ees uk ces oe ne crew aman Ls) eS eee eee 16, 341, 000 ~92 Ey DOS F000s Pec eeks eos fe Un tcons tS LiL tule 9! SS cl ie es Oe ee 17, 427, 000 1. 04 A De eee 3 ea eee ULL aa SO Se ee anes 17, 187, 000 By! Ee Nee oe. < edna Apne TGs SESE Ba ae es Ne nee 17, 187, 000 7 ch i ee I The TE es ee YT a eS 17, 186, 000 1.07 TRBA TMI s ho te Mig 2 doe oa 1 Census figures. 526 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. HA Y—Continued. TaBLE 109.—Timothy and clover hay: Farm price per ton, 15th of each month, 1914-1918. Timothy. Clover. Date. 1918 | 1917 | 1916 | 1915 | 1914 | 1918 | 1917 | 1916 | 1915 | 1914 bet eer ee $21.37 | $12.61 | $13.11] $14.07 |........ $19.82 | $11.38 | $11.24 | $13.07 }....... Ci ee a ee 22.25 | 12.91 |. 13.39] 14.28 )........ 21.11 | 11.65} 11.41) 413,8bstouenes 2 Mar. 15.. 08s - 28 22.53 1° 13.90 | 13,614, 14a oc. a2 21.37 | 11.90] 11.70.) 13. 4imieseaees Byrsi6.:) sects. bs 21.47 | 14.26 | 14.00 | 14.53 |........ 19.68 | 13.06 | 11.87| 13.65 |....... Sty AS cake o 23-224 20.40 | 15.31] 14.50] 14.74] $13.46 | 18.30] 13.94] 12.52] 13.79} $12.53 June 15.........-----| 18.55 | 15.76]. 14.71} 14.33 | 13.67 | 16.54 | 14.22} 12.46] 12.78] 12.36 Jeily tl. -f oec ss 3-2 ss 17.61 | 14.68] 12.97] 13.43 | 13.06 | 15.73 | 12.95] 10.84] 11.65} 11.85 Aug. 15.......-------] 18.98] 14.11 | 11.74] 12.39] 13.09] 17.18] 12.76} 9.93| 10.87] 12.09 LF ag Le a 20.85 | 14.89] 11.57] 12.32] 13.54] 19.27] 13.79 | 10.01 | 10.82] 12.44 Det ihe fae ao ee 22.60 | 16.23} 11.54] 12.14] 13.66] 20.60] 15.01 | 10.08] 10.60] 12.47 Nov..15.......-.-----] 22.93 | 18.33 | 12.03] 12.24] 13.69] 21.13] 17.14] 10.46] 10.59 70 WCC. 1D sevcccacee des 22.94 | 20.31 | 12.29] 12.73] 13.69] 21.26] 18.67 | 10.86) 10.95 TaBLeE 110.—Alfalfa and prairie hay: Farm price per ton, 15th of each month, 1914-1918. ; Alfalfa. | Prairie. Date. ——— RR nr mR a nae rere 1918 1917 1916 1915 1914 | 1918 1917 1916 1915 1914 / USS ae eee $21.27 | $12.79 | $9.89 | $9.48 }........ $15.39 | $8.58] $7.38 | $7.65 |....... Pel 15.5. 1a. catecaee 21.38 13. 63 10.35 Be | FES eee ae 15.74 8.60 7.34 pmol Cex sik Mar 15... 2 oses. oF? 20.82 | 14.68] 10.74 O79" seca? 15.47 9.32 7.39 8.08 Iawes ap Dealer ee 18.97 | 17.68} 10.73 Gi Slaw saci 14.47 | 10.94 7.56 a eR oS 17.84 17.92 10.56 9.58 | $10. 26 12.75 12.02 Oy i 8.29 | $9.08 FUG 15... ss. sen 55 Oat 67a) PS 8.50 8.80 | 12.78] 11.84 7.97 ote 8.47 fd oh ee See ES 16.58 14.13 9.87 8.28 8.65 12.51 10.11 7.25 7.37 7.49 AMIE Gt sc Sans ates 18. 22 15. 28 9.80 8.28 8.38 13. 26 10. 82 6.96 6. 83 7.29 BoptsSS ocesesc cesses 19.72 16. 33 10. 06 8. 22 8.72 14. 35 11.40 7.21 6.64 7.33 Opti os 4 oe seo 20.23 | 17.59} 10.25 8.14 8.96 | 15.06] 12.29 7.26 6.44 7.59 NGWi io: oe. keno eee 20. 42 19.19 11.37 8.72 9.20 | 15.47 13.32 7.85 6.75 7.49 pa AR i PT Ra oe 20.74 20.39 12.31 9. 52 9.05 16. 30 14.91 8.14 6.95 7.37 ———— oe Statistics of Clover and Timothy Seed. 527 CLOVER AND TIMOTHY SEED. Tasre 111.—Clover seed: Acreage, production, and value, by States, 1918, and totals, 1916 and 1917. hole 2 8 ee * i verage arm State and year. Acreage. | yield per| Production. | price per ae acre. —— a ec. 1. Acres. Bushels. Bushels. Dollars. MG MME OHI IS aeekioteeas s:. 92+ sais -cs oa. 5, 000 2.8 14, 000 18. 00 | Tani Mt a ae 12, 000 1.3 16, 000 19. 00 Ole, ee Re Shae eee 126, 000 4 139, 060 20. 50 Till = Ras Sooke eee Oe | eee 135, 000 13 176, 000 19. 80 I tS alte mln po dn «ae on 2 am 175, 000 1 yf 298, 000 19.00 Prete 2 oie Ae yes oto) 2b aos Se ay 93, 000 1.3 121,000, 20.60 | EN Se 56, 000 1.8 101,000} 20.80 plug) 2 5A a ee pr ae apse: Ait aay ee 16, 000 £1 18, 000 18. 00 lh te ee oe ara 16, 000 1.4 22, 000 19.90 VAS Dey Aa on es 29 ae oe eee 29, 000 1.3 38, 000 17.20 Waa 5 ae eee 4,000 1.6 6, 000 17.00 2 Ra ee ee 6, 000 1.3 8,000; 17.00 Ions 6 EOS eae ee een 23,000 1.5 34, 000 19. 60 US al aS ae SP oe ae ee 6, 000 2.0 12, 000 18. 00 peaneer st ee ener cree onset onus ca 13, 000 6.0 78, 000 20. 50 CUTS eS a ee 7,000 3.0 21, 000 24. 00 TT Oe Se ee oe 722, 000 1.5 1, 102, 000 19.77 Pee eae cee esa ae e nieisin ain = ee = = we 821, 000 1.8 1, 488, 000 12. 84 TNS SESS 2 Se eee nena 939, 000 1.8 1,706, 000 9.18 TABLE 112.—Clover seed: Farm price per bushel, 15th of each month, 1910-1918. | Date. 1918 1917 1916 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 | Lito Uap ae aa eee eee $14.48 | $9.60 | $10.27] $8.51} $7.99 $9.41 | $10.89 | $8.27) $8.26 MGW glee paws csawetse curse ans 16. 46 9.87 | 10.47 8. 60 8.07 | 10.28] 12.22 8. 37 8. 26 Loe Ue oe See oeminsar sem acas 17.49 | 10.32] 10.76 8.55 8.17 | 10.42] 12.89 8. 56 8.15 I vo Vie Ee ae 17.86 | 10.41 | 10.58 8. 36 8.06 | 11.00} 12.91 8.79 7.91 DOA SS ee eee 16.56 | 10.40 9.98 8.14 7.87 | 10.74] 12.53 8.74 7.47 PGR Bee BI ee ae 15.88 | 10.29 9.47 7.90 7.96 9.77 | 11.69 8. 80 7.24 DEVAL ete Sao ace ae ae oo 14.71 | 10.50 9.15 7.96 8.12 9.78 | 10. 64 8. 83 7.17 Peal beoe go. Sheds orcs Se ° 2 15.20 | 10.53 9.12 7.94 8.76 9.37 9. 80 9. 65 7.53 UL ELR LDA Se ie ap leet i 16.61 | 10.89 8. 65 8.49 9.10 7.31 9.39 | 10.19 8.27 Ofe" 1 ERR ee ee ai 19.01 | 11.92 8. 54 9.70 8. 24 7.00 9.37 | 10.33 8.13 PRM EI os Sas Sm 5,-Sie cin San Hd 20.03 | 12.91 9. 20 9. 67 8. 02 7.33 9.06 | 10.37 7.70 rare es St eae ces se 20.67 | 13.53 9.40} 10.01 8.12 7.70 9.00 | 10.62 7.94 : | 1917 1916 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 | 1910 Date i aed fea Ea et ae ee $2.44 | $38.05] $2.63 | $2.07 | $1.79 | $6.99] $4.12 /]....... EME irc eens s aera cite nob aan, s'<15 2. 46 3.19 2. 66 2. 12 1.78 7. 26 4. 2 ea US ee Br er ere ears 2.70 3. 28 2.78 2. 30 1.72 7.33 4, ee ae SDeeawte . Sete tee ed 5 2.76 8.51 2. 69 2. 28 1.74 7.27 So) Ce MD tee cies neice Boeken - 4 3.09 3. 33 2. 75 2. 38 1.76 7.16 eS eee Tyr ilu ts Reael Pies tliat cep alien 3.09 3. 26 2. 65 2. 23 1.77 6. 68 | eee NSLS Roe soc on es te 3.04 3.08 2. 57 2. 32 1.94 5. 96 DG lcsaens Le UGS ORs ee Sees 3. 23 2.36 2. 56 2. 43 2. 01 3. 20 Bi GP lace tacke MDC ed ie Sees Seat une ens 3.31 2. 22 2. 62 2. 46 2.13 2.09 6.65 | $3.77 LL One" Cpe RS HS a ae oe eae 3. 61 2. 27 2. 72 2. 34 2. 02 1.95 6.91 4. 08 ine ies Bs a eee 3. 25 2. 25 2.91 2. 34 2. 08 1. 6. 90 4. 08 BRP MD toe cite acto nue wate we ve 3.37 2.31 2. 86 2.18 2.10 1.7 6.72 4.11 gri Yearbook of the Department of A 528 zo" {00'S j00°L [To°ZL "8 (0¢°9 |f6°9 00'S s00°9 [26° [08'S 09 °ET/SL “ZT gg*, ($3°8 |0S°9 |69°L "8 |00'L |8f°9 |OS°8 jOO'h 60'S jOY's 001/00 IT ZL°9 |0S°L |00'9 |82°L ‘8 9 |€8°S |0S°8 jO0'F \S6°% \SE'e 00 ‘21/6 ‘OL 9F°e j09°L [0G¢"E |20°9 OFS ‘pb 190°9 8 |00°E |61°% s $26 °T1|00 ‘OL f6°9 |09°2 |00°9 |OF'Z |OF'S ‘9 18%°9 |[€%°8 |00°2 |00'E |SE°s 0G ‘IT\¢2 ‘OT €0°L j09°4 joc’S jZS°2 OFS ‘9 |9¢°9 |OF’S |OO'F |F6'% [SE's CZ “TT/09 “OT re°¢ 10S°9 [Clb |FO'9 |G2°L ‘bP |2@8'b 00'S j00'E |00'% jOS'% £8 “OT/0¢ “OT 09°F (00'S |06°E (S0°S |SL°¢ ‘’ IIR |GL°¢ |00°E |@s'L jOL% 08 ‘TT/00 “OT OFF j00'S jO¢c"s jIT’S jOG"s *p (€z°r |O¢°E JOOS JOST |00°% #16 T1|06 ‘OL PrP |GL°F |Sl'b |26'h iGL°¢ "'p |ct"h joss 00°E |6E°T 00% §Z0 11/29 “OL £0 °F i08°9 00° = |96°F '00 "8 (09°S |Sh'P 00°S |69°T 108 % CT ITO 8 OT’9 jO¢°L |eL°E |83°9 |OS°S [00°F j0E"9 00°F |fS°S-. |OE"s £9 “E10 8 ae og". |00°S |S0°9 |00°8 |OS°h |IT’9 OS*F |SL°S |G2°E OT ETOP ZL 5 ee, 00°2 /00°€ |TS°S |00°L jJO0S'h \|€9'°¢ 00°F |F8°S |09°E C6 |Co°L 02'S |00°L (cz°e |2L°F lOS'9 [OTE [bO'°S [Ss°L JOSE |9T°S |0L°S CT°IT 03°8 |89° Lor cee \cz'% |cO'h jOS'S OOS |FE'F [SLZ°S [OS°S JOB’ |S2°s L¥°6 |SZ°L |€0° | oer jOS°S \co°% |T9°F joss jOS°s |CO'h j06°S. OSE |FE'T (Geo JOST j-"" "> "| ch°6 |0S°L |IT°6 |SL°2T [08°9 |€FOT |00°9T |00°L |FE°9 (00°6 [00S |-"""-"" "77" oeq-Aynr ese «(|SL°S (00'S jess (09°F loss jFO'E [Ges (OS'S (S9'T (OST JOST |---"” OF EI IST ‘IT \oe-zr |sg"er jos'z |IS°#t \00°ze j00°S |#8:6 los:It 00's |--"-*-"7"7-""” euny-"uer “S10 | 8210 |"8210C |'829d |"8210d \'8219d |"$219d |S710d |"S119 |8220d |"$219d |"8219d |"8229d ,°8219d |" S219 | 829d |829d |$229d | 8119 | *S710q |8210d os, 810d |8110d “S161 "038 038 "038 “930 ‘938 938 “038 | "038 ~reay | UH) “MOT | soay | USHA “MOT | pon yy | UST] “MOT | aay | U8IH| “MOT | pony | USTH | “MOT “Pay “USTH| “MOT | ay | UST on *(spunod got sed) *(spumod ort 10d) *(spunod eurpid 04 100g *spunod Q0T Jog enjoy 04 100g | ¢F Jo) oysnq z0qg *@0I0T]O 0} 100g ‘eumtid 04 1007 “OUI “q1OT}OT Fae SO i cb PO SE Re *smo’T “45 “OOH NBATTL “osBoTqO “HeuupuT) “OpeoL *osBoryO “Heuupur) “AYJOULL, *(spumod 09 Jo spoysnq) 10A0[9 "SIGI-SI6I ‘awd aypsajoy 44 :paas hyjowy pu 1a.0j9—' FIT TIAVL . *penutjuoo—daas AHLOWIL GNV UAAO'TO 529 Statistics of Clover and Timothy Seed. BO] Z0°6 02 OT j0¢"9 lit's OO'TT 00'S |4T°8 jO0'TT \00°S |00°F loos 89°6 o¢°6 |oo'1r \oo's jog¢’6 oor 00's |ghF |08"F Ze"6 {0S CO"S |OOTT |00'2 |22°8 |OOIT 002 |IS"F |00°S L2°6 |S 0¢°8 |0O'OL 00°2 |OS°8 (00°OT [002 \ZE"h j09'F ce'6 9%°8 |00°OT \0¢°9 |F°8 |00'OT |00°9 00h |S °F 69°38 8¢°Z |00°6 |00°9 |S€°Z (00°6 [00'S |S9°E |Se°F 89° €9°9 |0¢°8 |00°S |sF°9 |0¢°8 (00'S jOL € |08°E GL zo°9 |€2°8 j00°S |TS°9 |S2°8 00 ¢ |PL°E j0L'E 91°9 ze°9 |00°8 |00°E |ZE°9 |00°8 j00"S |OL'E j0E'S c0°L g¢°9 [eZ°S 00'S j7o°9 00'S 00'S jOT"E [OEE Go°k 0¢°9 |&c°8 |00°S |IS°9 |Gc°8 |00'S ote OPE ToL 09°9 |Sc°8 |00°S |s¢°9 |Sc°8 [00'S jOc'E OSE Lg°L z9°9 |€%'8 |00°S |Z9°9 [ess [00'S |ee"s jOL'E 9FL eo°9 |S¢°8 00'S |29°9 |s2°8 ie ‘¢ |86°% |S9°E (4 ar ce". j0¢'8 |s2°9 |SF°9 |0S°8 |00°F iss % Oc" 68°9 6t°2 |€4°2 |08°9 |TT'9 jOS°2 [00S [S4°% |00° ¢3°9 46°9 |0G°L |S%°9 |6T°9 |CL°L [00S |82°S j00°E ToL FPL J0G°8 10G°9 |c0°2 l02°8 J0S°G ig8’s IsT€ 06°S jL46°1e \SL eG j00°9T 00°F J€6'FS |GL°Ss [OS FS OOF |@9 FS |Sz SS |SB “E% 00°F |19'G% |Sz "ES |O9 “Ge GL°E ICE TS |GL GS JOG ‘ST 06° j€8°2T JOS ST |S2 OT 06°Z j96°9L |G °9T }00 ST 06°G |FZ°LT |S°ST |00°9T 06°Z |69°8T j00°6T |0S ‘ST % |OF GT |00 02 |00°6T IL 02 |OS 02 |¢9 6T CT 0S [£902 |S2 “6T 9€ "ST |S8°6T j0S “OT 0¢°G |SL“9T |OS°9T |009T OS" [ZS "St |00°ST [ee "ST | , 8h'1zZ | 00°92, 0ST |22°6% |00°SE |ON°ST |IT “ZT oz 00°1T |"***-**"00q-AqnE 6@°sz | 00°92 0¢ Fz |ss"0E |00'se |00"ez |O et [00'Z% |00'9T |-~~ 777777777" zequTeDEq £6 FZ | 06°S2,06 Ez [FF “OE |00'°SE |00°S% [00°08 |00°Ze \OO"YT |-7=7 7777777 J9QUI9AON Z0°€Z | 00°F, 29'S |90°0E ]00°¢E |00"Sz |O8"6T |OS “Te \0OST |""~ 7777777272 *"40q09790 09°1Z | 09°€t;S0 6 [02% |00"EE |00°ST JGT “SE OS °9E JOONT |-=77777777 7° sequieydas PCLT GL ROR OE ee Sg SE-00'RE (OOsTE tense et ent eee ““ysnany IF °OL | O9-LT)OG “GT |77- berate TS ~~" syne og ‘st | 08°0z,00°ET |c2 "Fz \00'se |oO'ST Jer “eT \S2°6T OO"TE |----"*” aung—“uee z6-ot | Gz°gt00'Et loa"ez |00'sz |oo'st joo*Fe log-zt looTT [7-77 777 7777777771 TeuML ZZ"ST | GZ"ST.00'ST |00"€z |00°8Z |OO'ST [OF "ST JOS "ST JOO"ET [>= 777 7777 Avyt 88ST | 0202 Sz ST |80°FZ |00°TE |OO"ST \ZT “OL JOG "ST [0G “eT |" -* 77777 777777777 7 THdy FT0Z | $102 GL ‘ST [8h °Sz |00°TE [00°02 |OG “9T |00°6T 00 FT |-*--* 77777777. OTe £%0z | 08°02 OF “6T |LF 22 |00'CE |00'0c |20°9T Sz 6T \00'$T |---77 777777 -*Atenaqeg OF ‘ST | 06°61,09°9T [SF °S% |OS "EE |00'6T |SF FT [SL °9T |OS SE |---7* Arenuel | “ST6T FL“€T | 2°91 $6 "OT |z9°0 |00°8z O0'GT \LL°IT |00"9T J0Z°6 |--"""~* “-oaq-Aqne 00°eT | 00°ST 00°ST [ZT °2z |00°St |00°9% [OS “eT ]O0°9T \0O"@T |-777 7777777777 sequreoeq, CO‘9T | S8°O1 G2 °ST |S9°E% [09 SB jOO'ST [OT “ET JOD FT JO9IT [777777777777 JoqulaAON OL #1 | $2°ST09 EE 1eL°0s Ig9°¢s 100°2T J6T SE OL “EE Is9 "OL 1---"-"-""""""""-40q0700 OS'S Ie9°FT ISS "ST 10 ET 98911°—yBxk 1918——38 530 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. COTTON. TABLE 115.—Cotton: Area and production of undermentioned countries, 1915-1917. — [Bales of 478 pounds net.] Area. Production. ‘ Country. 1915 1916 1917 1915 NORTH AMERICA. Acres. Acr Acres. Bales. United States1......22......5.. 31,412,000 | 34,985, 000 33, $41,000 | 11, 192,000 Porto Ric0 2. Os Sion. - aslo lea| pbc eae meek eae ee es he 739 Sts Croix: 320552 ie Geos i wercck ie ea eee ee seen ae yeas SF SS pas West Indies: British— Barbados 9222. 5. ee eee 648 Gretiada #5. 3251s . 3. Suse teen eres 772 PSUIAICE Se a ee oe ec eeeeee 88 Leeward Islands... 2.2 ]:2...257...4.6 42,413 St; Lucie $2 6s. 2 sasr eee aoe z Si; Vincents... 1 Sceces| bes bese 791 Daminiean Republie:.. 7225.|: 2s sacs ae pose a ee 736 SOUTH AMERICA. Arpentina ls 5 2c 4o= 5-9-5 ee EUROPE. Balestia: o5 cco sans see e 41,780. |cccccceseslolen sos sccceuel poe mere ee Malin cue aa eee eee ads 946 S17; P25 Seseets 384 ASIA. Brisbane 8.82 -. a cence s 17,746, = 21, 745, 000 hae 781,000 | 3,128,000 Geylonic. -- sted. p eee ence~sn | QUBR IE See Se ae ee eee er Ep: ee a nme! ae Se SETS eS ee eo 5,619 Doteh Mast Indiés . 1... cd. - | sen saees oa eee bo eae 6 18, 966 7 TE Or SR peer ME ams, EO | ee ROSS 7) La Del Sas 93 Japanese Empire: USGA s Sesccsn in Sena see 6, 565 5, 680" 1258 - ees ae 4,840 es ae ee ee Se ere Te a: 1605033 |= 16cm beeororeeome 41,516 Russia, Asiatic: Transcaucasia’, Tee Fee 291, 568 233, 208 5c coe rsen ee 132,649 Central (Asiay 2 s2ci5.25..2.-0 1,833,185 | 1,900,349 | 1,147,000 |. 1,525,929 Totals 2 t22-46tnwe eed ae 2,194,753:| 2198-608 lusts atecoeee 1,658, 578 SIAM Sis oss sew cda duped noc =|oacteadsvans| tebe ece pe ote) Mere 16, AFRICA. British Africa: EAQ0S is wtig wisn e ance ciesccs<<|acCake aucpoels oats 12aE eee 5,188 Nyasaland Protectorate.... 24, 006 Pat ee Betta 6,413 East Africa Protectorate... .|....2c.2..5 MSsece= Jan ale eee ae 251 ae pies 5S Gold Coast. .\..s van dels ad Soe agen ae Oe Sen {168 |... casn0 seas lens eneeens Tvory. Coast 8. 2 owe enicbonceuletiect sev okcalasceesacaaels wel eee 487 ||. cc cndedeiscluundteeestw German Africa: ; noe BISICG «oes. decane yune.s|n 0s ode oUt aie s van ut b= eee eee eee 610,100 | cc cccie de onlosueapasens TOGO. 'n wc dvden'scveu od Jagteec ious touts Lee taden: alee ee en 6 2,322 Italian Catriona: PTT OA Bre oon 55d ovnsancctcl/ Meh dein cue alana se suks be ilhe an tee 59 Sudan (Anglo-Egyptian)........|Mioseesdeculosvebsvnstbaluudetumeaene 20, 084 13, 656 ||.vcucevecse OCEANIA. British iG dada ed sewn ease hates babe ofs oad ews nadwes sl aes tba eee S |. cvceuwaspeel aimee aoe Queensland 5 5.d0e.dsrs case wiwhashsaleubssccyeuia leuJosteumees 18). << cacssecus/chueaansne Solomon [Islands a occ cos vss evesheans thaws cots ces lvivce ane ege he O24 |... ccccesas deeweeesaes French: New Caledonia 8. . 0 dive cisfev tusbounde chauW els cin td) ip whee kas 2,194 |. ci. cbaieiebee ease 1 Linters not included. Quantity of linters produced, 931,141 bales 41914 a : in, 1915, 1,330,714 bales in 1916, and 1,130,997 bales in 1917. 6 Includes native States. : 2 Shipments to the. United States plus é exports to foreign countries. 6 1913 figures. . xports. ; Statistics of Cotton. COTTON—Continued. TABLE 116.—Cotton: Total production of countries for which estimates were available, 1900-1915. Year. |production.| Year. Production: Year. | i] Bales. Bales. || ct) 15,803,591 |] 1904........ 21,005,175 || 1908..... To eee ee 15, 926, 048 |} 1995........ 18,342,075 || 1909..... 10098. 5. e.5. 17,331, 503 || 1906........ 22,183,148 || 1910..... rN ee os ae 17, 278, 881 || 1907 rae 18, 3287613 || 1911..... 1 Dales of 473 pounds, net weight. Production. Year. Bales. | 23,688,202 | 1912... 20; 679, 334 | 1913... 22? 433’ 269 || 1914... 21; 754, 810 531 Production. ’ TaBLeE 117.—Cotton: Acreage, production, value, exports, etc., in the United States, 1866- 1918. New Yorkclosing prices, per pound, on i ond middling upland. Domestic Average farm exports, Year. | Acreage. | yield |Production.| price | F@t™ value fiscal Dec, 1. , May of fol- | year be- per acre. per December re Ser oad pound owing year. | ginning Dec.1 July 1. ; Low. | High. | Low. | High. Acres. Pounds. ales. Cents Dollars. Cts Cts. Cts Cts. Bales. 1866..... 7,599,000 | 129:0.|' 1,750,000"|....2..|.0-..-s222000e 334 | 342 | 274 | 28h | 1,322,947 1867-22. 7, 828, 000 LBS St a RO OOO ecm son] ac~cwew enemies 15} 174 304 323 1, 5697 527 186825 = 6, 799, 060 TORE tee ge OOO. pac tos se |eo ne so dee aoe 248 an 288 284 1, 288, 656 1869.....| 7,743, 000 1960) [S9Oi2? O00 Vie. ole Sook Sete 25 25 224 234 =| 1,917,117 1870-.--.. 8, 885, 000 TES eh Ose OOO Mig ao epee ain wcactne ae 15 154 14; 17 2,925, 856 ISR E Ss 7, 558, 000 cla (PAE fl Peed meres a Sen 19} 204 23% oh 1, 867,075 1Sf2u 0k 8, 483, 000 LOS ott bur Op O20 GOR poe. 2e21 2 ooo. oboe 2 19} 204 19} 19 2, 400, 127 if 9,510, 000 MD P kosOeowOOO use xc edaloee oats waco 15 164 172 1 2,717, 205 TRi4.. ots 11, 764, 000 PETE ra hes ce ls OW lore cro tal oe ecis teerets 2 14 143 its 16 2, 520, 838 Tans oss. 11, 934, 000 Tea Bip ig 0, Leh, OUR oo Sw a he fete ad. loa ai 13y | 1 11 134 2, 982, 811 1876....- 11,677,000 | 167.8] 4,438,000} 9.0| 174,724,000 | 12), | 12 1014 | 112 | 2,890,738 Tee Rs 12, 133, 000 TOSs Site Ore! CUO Taio. del ccmeloees cue 114 114 1 11 3, 215, 067 TRIS cons = 12, 344, 000 191.2 5, 244, 000 8.2 | 192,515,000 94 1l 13 3, 256, 746 1879..... 14,480,000| 181.0] 5,755,000} 10.3} 269,305,000 | 12 13%, | 11 11 3, 644, 363 TEROS = i 2 15, 951, 184.5] 6,343,000] 9.8] 289,083,000 | 11 12 10¢, | 1 4, 382, 009 PAST 28 16, 711, 000 RAG ate Gray, OO ee cack sae oy oo es 11 124 12 12 3, 480, 792 THAR: 16,277,000 | 185.7] 6,957,000 | 9.1] 275,513, 1 10ys | 10) 11 4, 576, 378 URS tcc} 2 16,778,000 | 164.8 | 5,701,000] 9.1] 250,977,000 | 1 10%, | 114 | 11 3,725, 145 1884....- A? 153.8 | 5,682,000 9.2 246,575,000 | 10% lly; 1044 ll 3, 783,319 1885..... 18,301,000 | 164.4 6,575,000| 8.4] 251,775,000| 9% | 95 Of, | 4,116,149 1886..... 18, 455, 000 169.5 | 6,446,000 8.1 251,856,000 | 9. 10 Ilys | 4,338,915 ie 18,641,000 | 182.7] 7,020,000} 8.5 901, 10 1 10x, | 4,528, 883 TMS ae « 19, 059, 000 180.4 | 6,941,000 8.5 | 292,139, 93 9 11 11 4,770, 065 1889..... 20, 175,000 159.7 | 7,473,000 8.5 | 275,249, 104 104 1l 12 4,943, 925 1890. .... 19,512,000 | 187.0] 8,674,000] 8.6] 313,360, 9 We 8t§ | 5,814,718 1b ee ae 19, 059, 179.4 | 9,018,000 7.2 | 247,633, 7 Sys 7 7 5, 870, 440 1892.-... 15,911,000 | 209.2 | 6,664,000] 8.3 | 277,194, 9 10 7 f 4, 424, 230 1803... 19, 525, 000 149.9 | 7,493,000 7.0 | 204,983, 7 7 7 5, 366, 565 ty 23,688,000] 195.3] 9,476,000} 4.6 | 212,335, 54k S| SC 6 74 =| 7,034, 866 1895.....| 20, 185,000 155.6 | 7,161,000 7.6 | 238,503,000 | 8} 8 8 4, 670, 453 18062 5<. 23, 273, 000 184.9 | 8,533,000 6.7 | 286,169,000 | 7 aif 7% 7 6, 207,510 ty ee 24,320,000 182.7 | 10,898,000 | 6.7 | 296,816,000 ay ott 6 65 | 7,725,572 tse. 24,967,000 | 220.6 | 11,189,000] 5.7 | 315,449,000] 5 5 6 64 | 7,575,438 1899..... -24, 327,000 | 183.8] 9,345,000] 7.0] 326,215,000 7 7h 9 9% | 6,252,451 1900..... 24,933,000} 194.4 | 10,123,000} 9.2 | 463,310,000] 93 | 1 6, 718, 125 1901S... 5. 26,774, 000 170.0 | 9,510,090 7.0 | 334,088,000} 8 8 9 7, 057, 949 1902..... 27,175,000} 187.3 | 10,631,000} 7.6 | 403,718,000] 8} 8% | 10.75 | 12.15 | 7,138, 284 Us pane’ 27, 052, 000 174.3 | 9, 851.000 10.5 | 516,763,000 | 11.95 | 14.10 | 12.75 | 13.90 | 6,179,712 1904..... 31,215,000 | 205.9 | 13,438,000 | 9.0] 603,438,000 | 6.85 | 9.00] 7.85 | 8.85} 8,678,644 490b-- 2: 27, 110, 000 186.6 | 10,575,000 | 10.8 | 569,791,000 | 11.65 | 12.60 | 11.25 | 12.00 | 7,268,090 1906....5 31, 374, 000 202.5 4,000 9.6 | 635,534,000 | 10.45 | 11.25 | 11.50 | 12.90 | 9,036, 434 iC) a 29,660,000 | 179.1 7,000 | 10.4] 575,226,000 | 11.70 | 12.20 | 10.20 | 11.50 | 7,633, 997 1 32, 444, 000 194.9 2, 000 8.7 | 575,092,000 | 9.10} 9.35] 10.85 | 11.80 | 8,895,970 1909..... 30,938,000} 154.3 15,000 | 13.9 | 697,681,000 | 14.65 | 16.15 | 14.50 | 16.05 | 6,413,416 1910..... 32, 403, 000 170.7 | 11,609,000 | 14.1 | 820,407, 14.80 | 15.25 | 15.35 | 16.15 | 8,067, 882 oh ee 36, 045, 000 207.7 | 15, 693, 000 8.8 | 687,888,000 | 9.20 | 9.65 | 11.30 | 11.90 /11,070,251 Te ee 34, 283,000} 190.9 | 13,703,000 | 11.9 817,055,000 | 12.75 | 13.20 | 11.80 | 12.10 | 9,124,591 4018. 525% 37, 089, 000 182.0 | 14,156,000 | 12.2 | 862,708,000 | 12.50 | 13.50 | 12.90 | 14.50 | 9,521, 881 1914..... 36,832,000} 209.2] 16,135,000} 6.8 | 549,036,000 | 7.25 | 7.80! 9.50 | 10.40 | 8,807,157 if) a 81, 412, 000 170.3 | 11,192,000 | 11.3 | 631,460,000 | 11.95 | 12.75 | 12.30 | 13.35 | 6, 168, 140 BOLO S66 34, 985, 000 156.6 | 11, 450, 000 19.6 {1, 122, 295,000 | 16.20 | 20.30 | 19.60 | 22.10 | 5,947,165 UW Rees 33, 841, 000 159.7 | 11,302,000 } 27.7 |1,566, 198,000 | 29.85 | 31.85 | 25.70 | 30.10 | 4,528, S44 ve 35, 890,000 | 155.9 | 11,700,000 | 27.6 |1,616, 207,000 | 27.50 | 33.00 |......./.......|ceeeeeeee 1 Bales of 5 3 3 unds, gross weight. 532 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. COTTON—Continued, TABLE 118.—Cotton: Acreage harvested, by States, 1909-1918. [Thousands of acres.] State. 1909 | 1910 | 1911 | 1912 | 1913 | 1914 | 1915 | 1916 | 1917 Virginia, 6,50 oe 25 33 43 47 47 45 34 42 North Carolina... .... 1,359} 1,478| 1,624] 1,545| 1,576| 1,527] 1,282] 1,451 South Carolina... ..... 2,492 | 2,534] 2,800| 2,695] 2,790] 2,861] 2,516] 2, Georgia... .....-2-.--- 4,674 | 4,873] 5,504] 5,335] 5,318| 5,433| 4,825] 5,277 WickiiAs. 0.3500. oe 237 257 308 224 188 221 193 191 Alabama............- | 3,471 | 3,560] 4,017] 3,730] 3,760] 4,007] 2,340] 3,225 Mississippi..........- | 3,291] 3,317] 3,340| 2,889] 3,067] 3,054] 2,735] 3,110 Louisiana............ / 930 975 | 1,075 929 | 1,244| 1,299 990 | 1,250 iS an a le le, 9,660 | 10,060 | 10,943 | 11,338 | 12,597 | 11,931 | 10,510 | 11,400 Arkansas...........-- | 2,218] 2,238} 2,363 | 1,991] 2,502] 2,480] 2,170] 2,600 Tennessee............ | 735 765 837 783 865 915 772 887 Missouri... .......-.-| 79 100 129 103 112 145 96 133 - Oklahoma... ........ | 1,767 | 2,204] 3,050] 2,665 | 3,009 | 2,847] 1,895] 2,562 California... ......... ieete 9 12 9 14 47 39 52 Avizotid ©. 6 << cwdensetonoeeen bac aes dare] see ceienal av cme Dal Oh obeoe a) semed oe: |e ae Al¥Gther: ©: 2250-25 lee sees Pe eeaPa yon tas 8 psataen tof 20 | 15 25 United States..| 30,938 | 32, 403 | 36, 045 | 34,283 | 37,089 | 36,832 | 31, 412 | 34,985 t | TABLE 119.—Cotton: Production of lint (excluding linters) in 500-pound gross weight bales, by States, 1909 to 1918. [Thousands of bales, as finally reported by U. S. Bureau of the Census.] State. 1969 | 1910 | 1911 | 1912 | 1913 | 1914 | 1915 | 1916 | 1917 | 1918 Witla... eX le! 10 15 30 24 23 25 16 27 19 26 North Carolina... -_- 601| 706| 1,076| 866! 792| 931| 699| 655] 618] 870 South Carolina....... 1,100| 1,164] 17649] 1,182] 1,378] 1,534] 1,134| 932| 1,237] 1,500 Gerviss 0 t 1,804 | 1,767| 23769] 1,777| 2;317| 2)718| 1,909] 1,821| 17884] 2100 Florida... 22222272 54 59 83 53 59 81 48 rT 38 25 Miabamea [ets 2 1,024| 1,194] 1,716| 1,342| 1,495| 1,751| 1,021| 533) . 518| 820 Mississippi.....22.22. 17083 | 13263] 13204] 1ose| 17311} L246] 954] g12| 905] 1,210 Louisiatis. 00... 253| °246| °395| °376| °444| '449| 341| 443 525 Wart 22. eS 2,523 | 3,019| 4,256 4,880) 3,945| 4,592| 3,227] 3,726| 3,125| 2,580 Arkansas... 222727027 714| ’s21} 939] 792! 1073] 1016} 816| 1,134] 974 Tennessee,......-.-.- 247| 3321 450| 2771 379] 384] 303| 382/ 240] 330 Missouri... 2222227277 45 | 60 97 56 67 82 48 63 61 70 Cklahoma.........../ 545| 923| 1,022] 1,021| s40| 1,262} 640| 823] 950) 550 California... ......22. ane | 6 10 8 23 50 29 4 58| 100 MOIST su Aen seco yeu. ae Oe eee See eee Ra eee 22 5k Bilctiee. ....;s50.34 3) i 7 5 id ii 7 ii 5 8 15, 693 | 13, 703 | 14, 156 | 16,135 | 11, 192 | 11, 450 ) 11, 302 ) 11, 700 Taste 120.—Cotton: Condition of crop, United States, monthly, 1897-1918. [Prior to 1991 figures of condition relate to first month following dates indicated.] ; | : May | June | July | Aug. | Sept. || May | June Aug. t. Year. | ‘95, | 25. | 25. | 25 4 »28, | Year. | “95 25, ; P.ct, | Poet. PR. aon P. che Pies Pech | Ph Fi eee WT cone 83.5 86.0 86.9 78.3 70.0 || 1908..... 79.7 81.2 83.0 76. 69.7 i ae 89.0 91.2 91.2 79.8 75.4 || 1909..... 81.1 74.6 71.9 63.7 58.5 | Pee 85.7 87.8 84.0 68.5 62.4 || 1910..... 82.0 80.7 75.5 72.1 65.9 1900...... 82.5 75.8 76.0 68.2 7.0) 191i 87.8 88.2 89.1 73.2 71.1 pt We ee 81.5 81.1 77.2 71.4 61.4 ]) 1912. .... 78.9 80.4 76.5 748 ae 1902...... 95.1 84.7 81.9 64.0 58.3 || 1913..... 79.1 81.8 79.6 68.2 Ke 1903...... 74.1| 77.1) 7.7) 81.2] 65.1 || 1914..... 74.3] 79.6] 76.4] 78.0 73.5 CO 83.0 88.0 91.6 84.1 75.8 || 1915...:. 80.0 80.2 75.4 69.2 60.8 1906. ..... 77.2 77.0 74.9 72.1 71.2 || 1916..... 77.5 §1.1 72.3 61.2 56.3 ep 84.6 83.3 82.9 77.3 71.671) IGT eee 69.5 70.3 70.3 €7.8 .4 1907. a sank 70.5 72.0 75.0 a 67.7 || 1918..... 82.3 85.8 73.6 55.7 4 | aie! Statistics of Cotton. 533 COTTON—Continued. TaBLeE 121.—Cotton: Yield per acre, price’per pound Dec. 1, and value per acre, by States. Value Yield per acre (pounds of lint). Farm peed a pound per acre )- (dollars).1 o o o State. | 2S = .| 52 Ja Ses Qo eo bo a 1909 | 1910 | 1911 | 1912 | 1913 | 1914 | 1915 | 1916 | 1917 | 1918) < x 1914 1915/1916,1917|1918| = vs | 1918 no BE a PE frm er: ages = 3 Va...| 247) 190} 212) 330] 250 240) 265) 225) 310] 180 7016 4 Falti. 4/19. 4/27. 8|26. ss. 334 71.55 N.C..} 248) 210) 227) 315) 267; 239) 290) 260) 215} 194) 265/15.3] 6.9/11. 2/19. 4/27. 7/26. 4/42. 91) 69. 96 S.C...| 222} 210} 216] 280) 209] 235] 255) 215] 160) 208) 235/15. 6] 6. 9/11. 3/19. 6|28. 4|27. 639. 44) 64. 86 Ga...| 192} 184) 173) 240 159) 208} 239) 189) 165) 173) 18815.7] 6. 9/11. 4/19. 9/28. 8/27. 5'34. 48) 51.70 Fla...} 119} 110} 110} 130 113) 150} 175) 120) 105) 100) 78'23.6/12. 1 Sip & 0|50. 5/43 Wie 14) 33. 54 Ala...} 159} 142} 160} 204; 172 190) 209} 146) 79] 125) 160,15.4) 6. 7/11. 1/19. 5)28. 0/27. 0:24. 76) 43. 20 Miss..| 172} 157) 182} 172 173, 204] ° 195} 167} 125) 155) 185/15. 8) 6. 8/11. 5/20. 5|28. 5/27. 8 30. 74) 51. 43 La....| 165} 130} 120) 170] 193) 170) 165) 165) 170) 210) 161)15.2) 6.9)11. 2/19. 1/26. 7\27. 5 32. 95| 44.28 Tex..| 154] 125) 145) 186} 206 150} 184) 147) 157) 135) 110/15.1] 6. 8§)11. 1/19. 4)26. 7/28. 2 25. 27| 31. 02 Ark..] 182) 153) 175} 190) 190, 205) 196) 180) 209) 170 Sa 5] 6. 611. ae o 2/27. i 16) 43.09 Tenn.| 189} 158; 207| 257; 169) 210) 200} 188) 206) 130) 168 15.3) 6. t. 3}19. 5'27. 3/26. 7:30.91) 44. 86 Mo...} 260) 271) 285) 360) 260) 286) 270) 240] 225) 190) 215)14.9| 6.5/11.019. 0,27. 527.0 39. 40) 58.05 Okla..} 160) 147| 200) 160] 183) 132) 212) 162) 154) 165} 8514.6] 6. 5/11. 3/19. 0,26. 5/25. 5 25. 35) 21. 68 Calif..) 385].....| 335] 390} 450) 500 sed 380} 400} 242) 265 15.8] 7.0)11. 220.028. 0/30. 0.60. 96| 79.50 SEA 550 2 Sel eee i easel (ae bere Miele bape ae a1] a ba |----]----]..../48.0].....1134. 40 U.S.|175. 7|154. 3 170. Lie 7/190. 9 182. 0 209. 2170. 3.156. 6 159. 756. sa 4) 6. i a}19. O27, 7/27. 631. ae 45.03 1 Based upon farm price Dec. 1. TABLE 122.—Cotton: Farm price, cents per pound, on 1st of each month, 1909-1918. Date. 1918 | 1917 | 1916 | 1915 | 1914 | 1913 | 1912 | 1911 | 1910 | 1909 po ass Se De ls Rn 9 0 Bd SN) | Sa 98:97) 17.1 pl. 4 6.6] 1.7 IRD W Sid | 144b 14.6 lee S413: 8 20.7.) 16.8 15 | 4 | 19} 16.9) 9:0 | 14.3.) 14.0] (9.0.1 13.6 Sais ha ec 4 | OAS |. 908} 13.9 | 14.0] 9.0 |— 13-6 31.8] 18.0| 11.5] 8.1] 11.9] 11.8] 10.1] 13.9] 14.1] 9.1| 14.0 rb (08-9 116 | <9: | 12-2] 12.6] 10:9] 14.21 14.0] °9.6 | 14.0 27.4] 20.2| 122] 86) 12.4! 11.5] 11.0] 14.6] 14.2] 10.1] 14.2 98:6 | 24.7} 12:5| 8.6) 12.4] 11.6] 11.2| 14.4] 13.9] 10.3] 14.8 97:8) 24.31] 12.6). 812) 1.4) 11.5 |.120] 13.2] 143/11.3] 148 aoepilicmod Pt14eG | o8eh | Be | Tes |) Wes), 11.8: 14.4 17 | 14.8 31.8} 23.3] 15.5] 11.2] 7.8| 13.3| 11.2] 10.2] 13.3] 12.6] 15.0 20°81|" 27.8 | 1870 |-1t6'| -— 6:3:| 13.0) 10:9'| 8.9.}%14.0]) 13.7). 15.3 O7IGi |e Qe, |) 1956) 11.8 jo. | 122) 1.9]. 8.8) 14.2 1213.0} 15,4 9954" eae. 24h |) 907°] 2ela | “ta4 | 10.5: |° 11.4 }> 1420 | 11.6 | 11.6 lture. gricu Yearbook of the Department of A 534 “MOJSOpIVYO “yeuuRAts “MOSOATEY ‘sTgdmoyy *‘SUBOLIO AON "SI6I-SI6I ‘punod wad punjdn buyppru fo arud Bursopg su0yo0g—szl ATAVL, *penut}uo)—NOWLOO _——— Se ->——_ | ‘og | 02°12 | 62 °9z 00 “%z GZ SB OS "63 CT ‘L) 0S “8% OF F% 00 FZ 02 “Iz 00 CLS 00 “&% OL “S% 0S “SZ 08 ‘FT 00 °LT 00% OS “IZ CZ 61 0S “6T 00 “6T 00 “6T 06 “91 00 “LT 0S ‘FI 00 °LT OL'LT 00 ZT €9 "ST ZIT‘ CF IT SEIT 0¢'8 | 09°OL | &% ZI | 29°8 4 |.e¢°3 | 09°6 sa f9 | €9°8 ker | $9 8ST | S81 Ee 1 EIT | €6°22 EST EIT | 26°21 FI SIT | ILS | OS FT | 06 TT GL | SF 'ZT TST ZI | OF ZT &I G21 | OSS | OF ET | OL ‘IT 829 | "S10 19 919 | "310 819 2D | °819°°| “8D a ‘e808 |, ‘ese |. 5 ‘ose |. ‘ MOT | ony | USE | “MOT wxoay | U3HHL| “MOT | ony | USE | “MOT "MIO XK MON "038 535 Statistics of Cotton. — OF "OE | 0O°SE | ONL] | ZI"OE | Sa"SE | Ca "8% GL°9Z | 80°TS | 00°SE | 00°6Z | 09° | OF FE | OB "2s | 8Z°SE | OS"SB | OSL J ooq-Aqne £E 6S fos lz | ¥¢°6% | 00°TS | 006% | 89°08 | OS'zE | OF 6Z | FF°6S | OS ‘OS | 00°6z | 696% | SZ "TS | OS '8S | GG"OE | 00°EE | OLS Js requre9e(T GL “SG 6% hz | eF6z | 000g | 00°62 | ZE‘0e | OF ‘TS | oz ‘6z | ZT “OE | OS OE | OS “6s | 94 °6Z | BBO | G4 "BZ | 69°6S | OOTS | GL-Le ps IIQUIAON 09°0¢ | o¢°ze | OS "62 | So-oe | o2°z8 | ez 6% | z'ZE | Gz ‘FE | 00'0E |.9S°TE | OF se | 000 | ST ‘Te | ET “ES | OS 6% | FFE | GS FE | OS 08 | 19q0}90 oo"se | 00°e | 00°ze | 16'ze | Sz“se | SzTe | 66 FE | SE"9E | OS TE | ee FE | OO'SE | OS ‘Ze | Ze "es | OS FE | SFE | GOCE | OS SE} GOCE | Joquie}deg €z"08 | 0c'ze | 00°08 | zt | OS FE | z'8z | OO'TE | OS ce | G2°9z | 86°08 | OS “ES | 000 | E20 | SoES | GALS | SOFE | OGLE | OL 6G | qsnsny 26°62 | 00°08 | 00°62 | 80°08 | cz‘Te | cz‘sz | Se°6z | GO°zE | G4°9% | 00 °0E | 00708 | 00°08 | OS "6Z | OO'TE | G2 °2z | FS'TE | OTHE | GES |e Ajng ss‘te | 00 | oc sz | zo-1e | OS FE | OO'GZ | STIS | GLFE | SZ'2s | ZPTE | OS FE | 00°6Z | 22 TE | OS FE | OF SS | 92TE | 0O'9E | OL"Gs J-- ouns—"uee €8°6z | 0c 08\| 0c "82 | #2 ‘08 | Sze | ez ‘ez | TOTES | G0'ZE | OS °6z | 0008 | 00°0E | 00'S | T2°0 | Sz'TE | 00°08 | GE "08 | OF ZE | 00°6S | oun 081g | OS7ze | 00°08 | TS‘Te | OS ze | 00°6z | OF Sz | Sz OE | Ez“Zz | 80°08 | 00'ZE | 00°62 | Z6'8z | 00 "0S | OS "SZ | LG"2e | OL OE | OL "SG fr Av zee. | 00°F | OS-ze | apes | OS FE | OS ‘ze | IT'ZE | G4 FE | OS Az | 2Z9°EE | OS FE | 00'ZE | G6'ZE | OS FE | OF '82 | SBT | OO'OE | GL°9G | Tidy FL'ee | OO" | OO'TE | eo°ze | OSes | OS TE | OT ‘ee | O2 "Es | ST Ze | 89-ZE | OS "Ee | OO'ZE | 94°ZE | OSES | 0O'ZE | F2°EB | GOSS | OLE pe Oley ee'0e | OO'TE | 0070S | F6°0E | OST | OS"OE | FI ‘TE | OO'ZE | O9'0E | 9E"TE | 00'SE | CSTE | OG "OE | SS°TE | OS "OE | G4*TE | GO'TE | OS TE | at BREE ee ES Areniqet FL'ZE | OO'TE | 00'S | GO'TE | Ez‘TS | SB"0S | StS | G41 | C4°0E | FOIE | STE | 00'0E | 90°TE | OO'sE | 8E°OE | 92°ZE | OEE | OS TE Jn Arenuee | S “STG 536 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. COTTON—Continued. TABLE 124.—Cotton: International trade, calendar years 1909-1917. {Expressed in bales of 500 pounds gross weight, or 478 pounds net. The figures for cotton refer to ginned and unginned cotton and linters, but not to mill waste, cottor batting, scarto (Egypt and Sudan). Wherever unginned cotton has been separately stated in the original reports it has been reduced toginned cotton in this statement st the ratio of 3 pounds unginned to 1 pound ginned. See ‘General note,” table 93.] EXPORTS. . : [000 omitted.] Aaaue aos joie | 017 | sale apt joi | 1017 ountry. - pr pre- ountry. pre- re- 1909. 4 1909- 1913 lim.) lim.) 1913. lim.) fin) From— From— Bales. | Bales. | Bales. Bales..| Bales. | Bales. WOON... occ 266-5555 60 Wnee mee ec esae oe Netherlands..........5. Bsa es id Bree. a) (ot ta eee 83 5 27 || Persia! . . .2....2...2-5.|0 9 SiS eee 5 British Tidia........-.. 1, O66 heveat ine ceonees. POP oi. oss = 2jois S.:5.5.0 2.00i]) cent ea Vi a AA oy 240 237 235 || United States.........- 5,180 Bev .o~. So cokees ee 1,442 1,122 855 || Other countries. .....2-] ~~ (GGs |e eee ee HPAUCGS 2120s. eh cate ste 316 RUG evsucns Gurtdatiy $3.22 23 Pel ee eter em) Stare eh = Total. . .....2.¢+.]. “16, 96b oases eaeeeaeeee e IMPORTS. Into— | Into— Austria-Eungary......- 9064 nose. eeeeecas Russia. 2. 2.2: Soe. eee 886 Ooo... BOIL oes no eee ek BDO Use caste =| an eiacaty Spainest... 2 epee ese 382 471 447 CT Oe eee! ee 137 205 178 || Sweden. 0. --* Se eeee OS |... See ieae as LC eee eee 1, 435 a lag A 5 f (e eae Switzerland. -.-.:-....% 113 gE pn eee z eS en sae eat eee tales 5 ees United Kinsdom....... 4,164 i ee LED) ao ae ee wee 896 1,170 828 || United States.......... 215 402 290 Ei eee a 5 ee 1, 405 D200 toe os eae Other countries........ Bi Be See 85) bee 5 Ly 5 a ae a pe Cl eae oe Netherlands........-.-. 277 ny il i otal: 25. ss encm 145 005.|. ceo ieee one S 1 Year beginning Mar. 21. COTTONSEED. TaBiE 125.—Cottonseed: Farm price per ton on 15th of each month, 1910-1918. Date. | 1918 | 1917 1916 1915 | 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 yt tg: geo a 2 a | $67.51 | $52.53 | $36.85 | $19.14 | $22.70 | $21.98 | $16.57 | $26.35 |....... MO Wadena ie ate pono swecweee 66.95 | 51.438] 36.75] 23.33 5 Ss be i a Sa ene eel 68.27} 53.18 | 36.56] 22.32 pM ere ‘. CS a eee ee eer 68.08 | 55.94] 38.13] 22.69 pa Be ae MERGER y ce ops oe sos5 ees ann cace 68.16} 55.61 | 37.91 | 22.07 ye Dee EET bP. cans sets bb a 66.03 | 57,19] 35.79] 20.82 GE OO Tececrcn vot ot AOE a al ae ee 64.11 | 56.90] 36.06] 20.05 p> Say A ee Sn PEED hae ot eee soe ne dweacew 61.34] 56.61] 35.22] 20.14 Wh, 40" fw gut nae Bangin st on cusssc eee 67.90 | 57.58 | 41.13] 20.98 18.09 | $26. 23 OG, Winer ss a5 nar ene eae ati 65.85 | 65.02] 47.19] 33.73 16.73 | 26.86 INOVs LDic rows oKeduivivant vege 64.97 | 69.38 | 55.82] 34.01 16.69 | 25.36 DOG HBO wi outed du dicen od tbe ven 65.05 | 68.29 | 56.35 | 35, 54 | 16.70} 25.65 F< ~ - ote ad Statistics of Cottonseed Oil and Tobacco. 537 COTTONSEED OIL. TaBLE 126.—Cottonseed oil: International trade, calendar years 1909-1917. [See “General note,” Table 93.] EXPORTS. [000 omitted.] on Aver: 016 1917 an on 016 jou7 ountry. ‘pre- pre- ountry. 909- pre- (pre- iy lim.) lim.) an lim.) | lim.) From— : From— ; Gallons. | Gallons. |Gallons. || Gallons. | Gallons. Gallons. Lie Co Pate) a oes United Kingdom......| 7,189 ‘s| CODE ee age ahaa 281 1,972 1,388 || United States.......... 38,968 | 25,095 | 16,642 ih i a 476 418 648 || Other countries. -......-. Merb oe einen os Aiperias-* 05 5! oe ees tN Se ee al Ae Mexico... 5--2.2.! 3,007 laid 23 53 | "St CC) i ie ea 142 p15 2 ye a Netherlands. ......-.-- 5,352 RS Be See Austria-Hungary...-..,-) | See Ee es Wokwvaye eS. ee sf 252 1,504 3,157 | 3,35 Belem >... Se. 1s A 71 14 Se ee Roumianins. 3)... !2 =: ote OSS" 22. ce aioe emis: ees ob 624 (hf ee Baropal ieee. oes. ASI 5. knee deta, WMAGR 652.2 ----<-- Sao ut 4, 74g |. 4, 37k |) Sexbia....2---..-..-..- ONRAL STU BEATS REN, BehGOi Log) ae ae Sige Wesoks aa aca thpder wes Pte Sa: ign a Sec ig (Re ae Cte 3,289 2 OUP b 2os02- 5 United Kingdom.......| 5,899 POG. = Cie a a aa CSET RD (cade SE EA Other countries........ Dei Bees ee Eee iS ane j 145 71 ——_ See 1S eS ae ae a oa ae | Wobiti dest: cess Bee? ele ero Martinique............- PN a OE Dea } i 1 Year beginning Apr. 1. TOBACCO. TABLE 127.— Tobacco: Area and production of undermentioned countries, 1915-1917. Area. / Production. Country.. . ae Gane oe 1915 1916 | 1917 1915 | 1916 1917 NORTH AMERICA. Acres. Acres. Acres. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Romito States: [2 .525- 2 2< 25 1,369,900 | 1,413, 400 | 1,518,000 |1, 062, 237,000 |1, 153, 278, 000 |1, 249, 608, 000 enee Milobsor-= 202020222221 16,308} 13, 212 (1) | 28,084,914 | © 29,408,723 | 217,114, 146 Canada: CHUGNGG8 ys. Pte ck en eas. ~ 4,500 2,933 5,000 4,050, 000 3,000, 000 5.000, 090 OunariOs oe cea cee. ee 4, 500 2,958 2,930 4,950, 000 / 2,943, 000 3, 495, 000 PP == ee ee a el Catala. ete. 9, 000 | 5,801 | 7,930} 9,000,000 | 5,943,000 | 8, 495,000 rear ted... Geis. 42% 32,734 mr Sl Dee <> Lee. | oo. | See ns ee eee C Ses oe ee Be (S262 ee 1 Sh eee 8 eee Dominican Republic. -.....-.. api Sere or Se eer eee 8, 050, 000 17, 250, 000 28, 750, 000 eS ee ees CO Ve a Se eee 4 258, 671 862, 103 (9) SRE sl ree i Sake oy REA eA see e. Oo ee rae on dae Ce ete tae dee tasenwetecnbenueds cam ARE rere SE tu cae awewS sews Ele or S renters thd txlew sen ns B24, TE OOD. Uiannnd cacwawashe cennecevacue SOUTH AMERICA, Mbeputifin.., .<..2.55-....2- 37, 955 Re yap eee (1) (*) 2) el eee ee ae (4) (Q) (Q) 6 59,734,874 | ¢ 47,636,146 | ® 56,788,527 a SS bs ee ee EU Wee. etal cee eee nnd We MN OE Ta deena Sse aslingeaccnce=ts CMe UC: ice CFTR aed Svat 1,181 1,181 PT es ee ee 883. 824 508, 425 COTES RS ee ae Be ee ee eee soe pe aS een 1 PGR | cncncanenden 1 No official statistics. 3 Data for 1914. 5 Data for 1906. 2 Exports, fiscal year beginning July 1. 4 Data for 1913. 6 Exports. 538 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TOBACCO—Continued. TABLE 127.—Tobacco: Area and production of undermentioned countries, 1915-1917— Continued. Area. Production. Country. 1915 1916 1917 1915 1916 = ee (eS eens ree Pe et ee edo Se. § EUROPE. ‘ Austria-Hungary: Acres. Acres Acres Pounds. Pounds Pounds. VISitIS © 2505500. oe cote nS Suet sao ose rere cleeecosake se I'13, 602, 771 |. - 52>. -0 es oe SUNVEEY..-~: etc. Juxcc tn 7 420s oi ee es 105, 489, 669 |. . 22. 22 ceee Croatia-Slavonia........ L190 || 22.2 52c2a0 areas 1 106 7033}... «v «00s nase ee Bosnia-Herzegovina. .... CA psagttee focceetle ees oe 113, 227,000 |... .. 25. -20- =e ot. Motel. . -...-ax.--acPdl ssc eae me eee eee 132, 516,148 |... oe b: Shchetieee ; Battery .cxcis 32 pee eee i ers | ae 819, 702,200 |..:..15e.aeae | rer <7 iipatian oon eee er na see Ee Duda ee eee Pa anfee ee 3 33, 069, 000° |... oa cueeecne| aera . WOWMIMAPE 5 .& Soseceerer ee ole 526 |... eles | eb oce oc las loeb eee ces | ee Se eee IRrance. 6 = pO ee soe 19, 560 17,529 13,578 33,990, 082 20,217,505 | . 17,142,308 SIO HIRT Y:s ones eee oeeae 22,313 SLFOUD Ne eekee oon as 50, 191, 866 1 A ey ee Pee Seg tor a oan 19,768 17, 297 a oS ae Netherlands..2.. 5... aol J. 860 877 833 (*) Rotmaniawes - Aocv. ons aed 32, 232 23; S80) Ne. ss eo hae 18, 566, 921 Russia: Russia proper........... 96,161 | 163, 982, 988 Polatidi4< 2 bee lee ae () 2 Northern Caucasia...... 45, 564 | 48,922, 335 Sweden. sesh ae. MV Salt eee eee 1,935, 689 . Switserlanileass! Bes 9.22: 618 947,978 | ASIA British India................ 1,105,380 |... .2.02.|. cane wes wa}pn nape cued once). pone eeene ann British ‘North Borman: 2): jo252-2 4 e le eee eee 13,621,754 |... «sce dens Sol eee a " Gagloni 402.5 Wee 14, Best et os setenrtee 43,118,321 | © 42/752, 000}Sacuseceunes : Dutch East Indies: Java and Madura. ...... 2 B04 O80 ie 2.2 nk. Nene ae 8 108, 979; 540 | is: 2.5. ce ] Sumatra, F ast Coast of CD) fila | PIR SA Sie) |p PE 8 46, 632, 068 |. .2. 2c. ak wae lee eee . Japanese Empire: Spats: - 22. Sais ey aay 75, 423 70, 747 65,185 | 108,415,099 | 105,642,000 91, 766, 475 ; 6 ee i oie 00,244 |. 5o Sage ee eee 30, 382, 000 | 52.22 cc be ape eee WOrmosa 5" Sosa eee 1, 769 2000) pbataresne 2,073, 244 3, (31, OOO\) eee Philippine Islands. ......... 131,808 | 145,574] 152,648 | 84,442,714 | 90,695,000 | 107,868, 000 Hussis,; ASIntiC. 25° 3 on eee 1, 000 |) o cnt ieoatcn on aeons 30, 996, 375 |..7..... NOIR Firm ce ‘ AFRICA. Bf” a 5 Nn Ade Ae 2 dete SOND 5 22,733 (2) 25, 254 | 5 21,556, 138 (2) 36, 155, 000 FU TNG co co tietwe benwertearus tee S14: | cs oweswes ewwouedanes 8 376,920 |. sc: sce de sed bal eee « Nyaaminng foes fees ee FO eee meen 7 Ee © 8,706, 000 |... «5. tYids we ae 5 aid BUSSE. 7= a5 Steve or, fuk eB O00 || cae) Seen ee sete 13,000,000 |. ...5...cceecemel seu aeeeaeeaane Union of South Africa....... 6 19, 365 (*) 9,884 | § 14,961,199 (*) 6, 999, 825 OCEANIA. SC cy ES a ae eon a Ee 2,373 1, 906 1, 342 1, 890, 672 } Weilentaket io toess des eee WTAE Vsec en ceyeunl demu sa aban 181,312 1 Data for 1913. 8 Data for 1914, 5 Data for 1912, 2 No official statistics, 4 Exports. 6 Census of 1911. TABLE 128.— Tobacco; Total production of countries for which estimates were available, . 1900-1915. | Year. | Production. | Year. Production. Year. Production. | Pounds. Pounds Pounds 1900..... 2, 201, 193, 000 || 1904......| 2,146,641, 000 || 1908...... 2, 382,601,000 || 1912......] 1,274, 319, 097 1901..... 2, 270, 213,000 || 1905...... 2; 279, 728, 000 || 1909...... 2; 742, 500,000 || 1913...... 2, 149, 098 1902..... 2) 376, 054,000 || 1906...... 2) 270, 298,000 || 1910...... 2) 833, 729,000 || 1914...... 2, 254, 086, 7 1903..... 2, 401, 268, 000 || 1907...... TT are 2, 566, 202, 000 || 1915......] 2)1 336 Te" - "i" Statistics of Tobacco. 539 TOBACCO—Continued. TABLE 129.—Tobacco: Acreage, production, value, condition, etc., in the United States, 1849-1918. Nore.—Figures in i/alics are census returns; figures in roman are estimates of the Department of Agri- culture. Estimates of acres are obtained by applying estimated 8 hy i of increase or decrease to the published numbers of the preceding — except that a revised base is used for applying percentage estimates whenever new census data are available. Aver- | parm | Domestic | Imports | Condition of growing Acre- | Aver- age walle exports of of un- crop. age age | Produc- | farm Dec, 1 | Unmanu- manufac- | _ af ua fF Year. (000 | yield | tion (000| price (000 factured, tured, omit- | per |omitted).| per emit: fiscal year | fiseal year July | Aug. |Sept | When ted). | acre. ound | oq). | beginning | beginning| “ ° L ‘i | har- ec. 1: ‘ July 1. BIT oe hd ie - * lvested = — st Acres Lbs. Lbs. Cts. | Dolls Pounds. | Pounds. | P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.c i117, ) oh SESS aS rw tt be Scheel male htc Se “2S a RE 8 CE ea fa, 1 ibe Tf AT ES EEN Re ee ee Pe ae ee VO oe ee ee La Siri] ES Akl oe pales ME Eee Bee aly a (8, ee ee pa ee ge Oe ee Ifa Cee CUBA ma (hPL | epee ae a ee! Ae! ae ren (ee ene baie es ahees aan 7h oer ae BOD *ZOSPG|* *hBGe 20) wanes 2 als Sosa | Ses oP Breer eres $e abo Pacer Sa ee Ch es 1,101] 788.5] 868, 113 Waaie GAgLOKen ee (Sette hie ok ES ee Ie es Sara 19005). 243. 1,046) 778.0) 814,345 26.6] 53,661) 315, 787, 782} 26,851,253} 88.5) 82.9) 77.5) 76.1 1901S 5.5 5 1,039] 788.0} 818, 953 7,1| 58, 283| 301,007,365] 29, 428,837, 86.5) 72.1) 78.2) 81.5 1902'5..'o%'. 1,031} 797.3} 821,824 7.0| 57,564] 368, 184,084) 34,016,956] 85.6) 81.2) 81.5) S41 1903.22.61 5 1,038) 786.3) 815,972 6.8} 55,515) 311,971, 831) 31, 162,636) 85.1) 82.9) 83.4) 82.3 19845.5.4 . 806] 819.0| 660, 461 8.1| 53,383] 334,302,091) 33,288,378] 85.3) 83.9] 83.7] 85.6 1905...... 776| 815.6] 633,034 8,5] 53,519] 312,227,202) 41,125,970] 87.4] 84.1] 85.1) 85.8 LUGE SES 796) 857.2) 682,429 10.0) 68, 233} 340, 742, 864| 40, 898,807} 86.7; 87.2) 86.2) 846 19072 2, 821] 850.5) 698,126] 10.2) 71,411) 330,812,658) 35,005,131] 81.3} 82.8) 82.5) 84.8 Ce 875] 820.2| 718,061) 10.3] 74, 130] 287,900,946) 43,123,196] 86.6] 85.8) 84.3) 84.1 19092252.) ACs MER SOAPANG MAH se eee Nae eee lees aoe sate bee |e. oe 1909...... 1,295| 816. 8| 1,055,765] 10.1) 106, 599| 357,196,074) 46, 853,389] 89. 8)* $3.4) 80.2) 81.3 19101..... 1,366) 807.7) 1,103,415 9.3} 102, 142) 355, 327, 072| 48, 203,288} 85.3) 78.5] 77.7| 80.2 TOUTE. 1,013} 893.7} 905,109 9.4} 85,210) 379, 845, 320) 54,740,380) 72.6) 68.0) 71.1) 80.5 19195 3) 2.3 1,226] 785.5] 962,855! 10. 8| 104,063] 418,796, 906] 67,977,118] 87.7] 82.8} 81.1) 81.8 TOTS gate > 1,216} 784.3) 953,734 12. 8} 122,481] 449, 749, 982) 61,174,751) 82.8) 78.3) 74.5) 76.6 Le area 1,224] 845. 7| 1,034,679 9.8) 101,411] 348,346,091) 45,764,728] 66.0) 66.5, 71.4) 81.8 ADU Sate & 1,370) 775.4! 1,062, 237 9.1) 96,281) 443, 293, 156] 48, 013,335} 85.5) 79.7) 80.7) 81.9 1916. 1,413} 816.0) 1,153,278] 14. 7| 169,672] 411,598, 860) 46,136,347} 87.6) 84.4 85.5] 85.6 1 ae 1,518) 823.1) 1,249,276 24.0! 300, 449) 289, 170, 793) 79, 367,563) 86.8) 88.1) 84.5) 87.8 TT ea 1, G49) 586571151; 340-019)° = 27-9) 374,318). 2.....2...}--.....-.-- 83.1) 83. 6 $2.4) 87.4 1 Figures adjusted to census basis. TaBLE 130.— Tobacco: Acreage, production, and total farm value, by States, 1918. State. Acreage. | Production.| F a ame State Acreage. | Production.| F — Acres. Pounds Dollars. Acres. Pounds Dollars. Mass... avacee 10,000 | 15,000,000 6,000,000 || Ohio.......... 115, 600 | 113,288,000 | 30,588,000 Connecticut...| 25,000 | 37,500,000 | 16,500,000 || Indiana....... 16,300 | 15,159,000 3,032,000 New York... 3,000 , 750, 1,125,000 |} Illinois........ 700 532,000 90, 000 Wisconsin..... 49,000 | 65,170,000 19, 551,000 Pennsylvania.| 45,600 | 64,752,000 | 16,188,000 || Missouri....-- 3, 300 2,970, 000 42,000 Maryland..... 28,600 | 23,738,000 7,121,000 ‘ Vir: Bis inten Sie 190,000 | 146,300,000 | 38,038,000 || Kentucky..... 475,000 | 427,500,000 | 98,325,000 West Virginia.| 13,600| 9,792,000} 2,546,000 || Tennessee...-- 77,800 | 62,240,000 | 10,581,000 Alabama. ..... 1,000 700, 000 210,000 N. Carolina. ..} 400,000 | 282,000,000 | 101,520,000 || Louisiana..... 300 126,000 82, 000 8. Carolina....| 86,400 | 62,208,000 | 18, 662,000 Georgia Daa 2,900 2, 668, 000 1,334,000 || Arkansas... .. 300 210,000 52,000 Florida....... 4,600 | 4,416,000 | 2,031,000 ae BSS fe Se ee U.S... ./1, 549,000 |1,340,019,000 | 374,318,000 lture. gricu Yearbook of the Department of A 540 *T ‘daq oolad wavy uodn peseg 1 co'tre | 2¢'erT | 6'2G «| O'FS | LEE | 16 «61 8G) (| Set) «| T'S98 | T°S63 | O'OTS | F'GzL | L'SFB | E'FBL | S'SSL | 2°68 | 2°208 | €°FOS | T°OcS |" -"" "~~" °°" 8078IS PEI H 00 ‘SLT | #8°6ZT | O'G@ | zee | 0°0S | O'LT | OST | TST | 002 | 002 | 009 | 009 | O19 oso =| 009 |0c9 | 009 | 929 Peet py’ vey EL che eae ee nn dese [anaes scbiasemesSt (hee = | (06s Ose Oke alae eel aera ee ae ACO, - wit Oder aoa ODL .| 090’ <3) OO8:-2/000) ine cse “Noam cr <- bys eterna. 00'#2zz | O¢'zeT | O'¢9 | Oss | 0°8’ | 0°08 | OSs | T'Fe | Oc | OSE | 0ch | Oc | OOF oog | ost |ose jose | FF aE ARNEP aR 25055575 5S eee D 00'0IZ | Of ZZT | O'0E | O'se | 0°08 | O'% | O'8s | 6°22 | 002 | O82 | 008 | 00S | 002 092** {002° 3008, “HO0RS [SRRe- oir “e eae oo rt eee are See Oo*oer |/Te'z6 | GrzZE | O'ZL | LOT |}ee | o'2 | 86 00s | OTS | 008 |ocs | 028 DONE | Ose Wen. 1 Oe aes ee wereseces=°*°“Q@SSQU9,T, 00°20 | #O"S€T | O'Ss | 00S | LI | 82 | FS |S Tt | 006 | 006 | 006 | O18 | OT6, 082, | 088 | O18, | S88 | BS ptt t Se oS eee, 00°S22 | 9T'99T | O'S% | TZ | OST | O'@T | O's | SFT | 006, | OFB, | O56, | 006 | 00'T 000‘T | 008, | OSO'T | S88, | 826, |"-""* mbeaeals maka 7**"*"" LMOSSTAY 00°668 | 9S°IST | 0°08 | e-zt | est |0°9 | OTT | 2°2E | O88‘T | 000'T | O2Z°T | 006 | OST ‘T 06S ‘T-'O9S" Ta] O90" T WOSTer [BOT tS)" abe eter: ae ~**" HISUOOST AL 02621 | 92°SOL | O'ZT | O'6T | O'OT |0°6 | O'ST | 9°IT | 092 | 008 |0G2 | 088 | O82 DOL A OGE ee \0GL 2q700L 100k a aor So =ee mess Pp ens? > ROCUIL 00 ‘98ST | FF'SET | 0°02 | 0'02 | OST | e'2 10° |8'TL | 086 | 096 | 0&6 | OFS | 006 008 | O16 | Oss 09 #02 | 99°Z9T | 0°22 | Oss | OST | 0°6 | 88 | ORT | 086 | 096, | 096, | 006 | 006. 026 «| S@6SC| OTS 09'IFF | ST’S8e | 0°9F | O'ze [00 | O's | OE | Z'Es ~] 096 | OOT'T | O1Z'T | O16 | O00'T OPS | 0F6 | 089 0009F | SO00E | O°0E | O'Zg | O°2% | 0's | OSS | e's | 026 | O00T | OST‘T! O88 | 000'T oss | 006 | 089 00°912 | F8°ZIT | 0°08 | Tse | OFT |OL | 26 | 2°Er | O82 {OTA | 0eG | ose . | 0&2 00. | O18 | 0g9 og ec | 62'IFT | 0°98 | G'TE | 0°02 | ZIT | SIT | 9'4T | S02 | 089 |; 099 | 029 | 099 ozo =6| OTL =|: 009 0Z°Z8T | 88°ZFT | 0°99 | 0°9% | OST | OWT | OIL | SFT | 024 | 008 | 006 | 028 | 028 Pal Ls) Ae 2 er ROE a Be °) I I otal leh de pe ae 02002 | ZE°FZT | 0°93 «| G92 | OFT | FE | 0% |8'SE | O22 | 002 | 089 | 0ce | 099 NOG -1008:. HORE, AGL ab WeGhal eubosae gi Pag cen ee ee VlUTSIT A 00°64 | ZF'IET | O°0E | 0°0Z | O'T | G'S | O'R [ET | OB, | OGL, | O2L, | OFZ, | 008, O00: | 982. DGD, WoO Lear eee eter ae oP ee “**puvlAieyy 00°Sce | T6°21Z | O'St@ | O12 | SFL | 26 |8°8 | S'S | OFT | OOF T | O9E'T | OGE'T | OSF'T BoE 1 Ose T. | 009 TORR 2] eee Of pee tae tet Saas -**gruealAsuued o0'eze | 86°STZ | 0°0E | O'S | ORT | S°6 | OE | S"ET | OSB‘T | O9S‘T | OEs‘T | OB ‘T | 008 'T oe °c | ogee | 096 °T.| OEy eet Bien” Sane eer “410 X MON 00°099 | S6°SEF | O'FF | F'SE | 0°2% | O'LT | SST | FF 0G ‘T | OOF'T | O89 'T ocs ‘T LL 1 002 ‘T | ¢z9‘T | O&2‘T | OS gle =? See ae **qnoroeuu0D 00°009 | Ze"rOF | OOF | #'8E | O°SS | SHI | 2°4T | O'S 00¢‘T | OOF ‘T | O99‘T | OOT‘T | OS2 ‘T 002 ‘T | oc9‘T | OFZ ‘T o9°D. ch? Ser ee S}OSNYBSSE HL rae ato. Fen 2 ol O Aba OSLL. {OBL eee cole iiss lee **} 009°T | O08 ‘T | 002 ‘T DOL E>] G02 {0 ).000 1 take Ft" 5* 822° avo nines Sonne oo eee quOULIa A Nansen oe Seep See ee Res Os TRONS. <1 Orebe (oe oe eee oe [HORO e OO RSE | Oke, E 002" 1002 E1082 100s 1s so 1 5 eee ~aayysdmeyy AN “S61 “ST6L *ST6I ster [ge lOE,| stor | zt6r | ort | stot | Fret |,gC0Oh,| ster | zter | oter | eter | Fret ztet | t16t | O16 | 606T pSeioie Ieok-C IeoA-OT Iees-OT -aieig Be Na RI alte el r(szeq{op) *(sjueo) punod sod ooyid unre *(spunod) o.0v 10d pperz oie Jed onjeA “sayp)g fg ‘ouon wod anjpor pun ‘7 *v0q7 punod wad anud ‘asap wad pjarx +099090J, — I$ ATAVL "ponutyaoj)—ODNVAOL Ps y Statistics of Tobacco. 541 TOBACCO—Continued. TABLE 132.—Tobacco: Acreage, production, and farm value, by types and districts, 1917 and 1918. Average | ‘otal farm Acreage Yield Production farm price |. 1, th (thousands per ome (thousands per pound seme ae of acres). un of pounds). 1 aoe Type and district. came Saas a ne (cents), | dollars).! 1918 1917 | 1918 | 1917 1918 1917 1918 | 1917 | 1918 | 1917 I. CigaAR TYPES. | New England.....-....-. 35.0 | 33-0] 1,500] 1,400} 52,500] 46,200 |...... Liat oe 17,740 MowiNOrk.=.cwss---->25- 3.0 2.5 | 1,250 | 1,250 3, 760 Role. os TON See 688 Hache 45.6 41.5 | 1,420 | 1,400 64, 752 BS, 100) 3. 3. 74 BT Se 12, 201 Ohio-Miami Valley.....-. 68.7}. 63.6] 980} 970| 67,326] 61,692 }-....-. ZG | SS 14, 806 VG Cie Se ea 49.0] 44.5] 1,330] 1,000] 65,170} 44,500 ]...... Cad ees | 7,788 Georgia and Florida...-.. 7.5 4.7 945 | 1,066 7, 084 5, CAO se] SY. OFF. es: 2, 856 Total cigar types.--| 208.8 | 189.8 | 1,248 | 1,152} 260,592 | 218,627 / Secs ae 25. 7 ) Se | 56,079 Il. CHEWING, SMOKING, * ae a an SNUFF, AND EXPORT 23 23 TYPES. ae ie ba bh Lo es 280.3 | 262.0] 960] 960] 269,088] 251,520| 33 | 26.5] 3S | 66,653 (Radics. 2...2'-5:2.5- 95.0] 118.0] 800] 800|° 76,000] 94,400] “+ | 14.0] Cs | 13,216 Henderson or stemming..| 91.4] 161.6] 930 9 85,002} 90,424] 3S] 15.5] SS | 14,016 NO-SUGKEr S| ana on acm 50.0 50.0 900 900 45, 000 45,000 } = 8/)17.0/°¢8 7, 650 Clarksville and Hopkins- 2 25 iiitie s fen oP 2 100.0 | 120.0] 770} 800} 77,000} 96,000] “= | 14.8] > | 14,208 Virginia sun-cured. - .---- 13.2 11.0 850 800 11, 220 8,800 | sc | 28.5] §c | 2,508 Ivara darks ot. lo. 68.2| 62.0] 860} 830] 57,052] 51,460) £2 | 17.0) 2] 8,778 Old belt, Virginia and tr ibe North Carolina. ......-- 242.0} 235.0] 710] 600] 171,820] 141,000| .§ | 32.0] 28 | 45,120 New belt, North Carolina =2 ee and South Carolina... 350.0 | 325.0 710 670 | 248,500 | 217,750] A. | 29.6| ©, | 64,454 Maryland and _ eastern AS oe Ohiowexport..-.-=.2.-. 34.6] 32.0] 830] 810] 28,718] 25,9290] S8 | 20.0| 278 | 5,184 Perique—Louisiana. ..... -3 6 420 350 126 210 35.0 74 Total chewing, smoking, snuff, and export types.|1, ae 7 1,317.2 807 780 |1, 069, 526 {1,022,484 |...-.. PA” eee 241, 831 ll other oe Ee a ee 10.8 652 77 9,901 65165.) 55--4'3E Els... 2.5 ean soe S82 1,549.0 |1,517.8| 865 | 823 |1,340,019 |1, 249,276 |...... va. | LS 300, 449 1 Based upon farm price Dec. 1. - seeeee ARKRA ee ee ee eee eee ee ee eee ee eee eee ) SS Ps 00°FT + phi 96 ) 00°CT 5 een 00° | 00°21 og "¥T | 00°8 Fe agen 00 ‘F% | 00°6T 09 FT gE 00 “FZ 00 FT & wee teee 00 "FZ ee ee eee ee ee Bose a Seed Te s i wat 00°12 | 00'2t (7-2"-"| Oost | 00° Peete S 2 Le | ee ee | eee | =. en 001% | OO'TT |-77777* 00’st | 00°6 77777" 0021 = mabaik a OOSDE OO" Sites BO 0c }'0058 wie sha 00 °€T ES ay rie Be OCF: |\OOS ein. TG cal i Pact 00 “ST ys) aaa CO Sis |-00%e ire CO Go| GO32 Bie. eo 00 “ET 8 > niga OO°ST, | 00S |e O0702 | 008% 50: 00 ‘9T oe oa 100) 40 LO ol aa WOLGu; [QC =z, hee ase @ 00 °9T ~ SUS ES eee | ree [eer 8 (rm (ees yee °’ 00ST | O¢ ‘8 00°9T | 00°L 00 °eT ¢ ¥ ‘ ‘8 e E ee Ae ae DOTS ORS: aes aS DOL OO) Orin ena ke OO SET 00:96 iat cams DOF 0 tak oie eas DOL HO0EL. To one GL°ST. |. 08°90 ee eunyg—"uer S syuag |'s7u99 |“sjuag | *s7uag |"spuag |"s7uag | ‘swag |'squag |"s7uIQ |-srU99 |*szuay | “s7uag |"s7UI9 |"srUIQ |"s7UIQ | “surg |*spUI] |"87u9.9 “ST6I So } = | y rps eas Ee se eS et a ae ees "e850 Tio - “938 ‘ose |. ‘ose |. Byatt “ : A 3 “ay water | MoT | ayy | WANE | MOT | Say | MINT | “MOT | Say | MSE | “MOT | Qa, | “USHE | “MOT Ph usr | “sory me | ee as “Ie “par ouTy 07 UMNTP oul 0} : “poos 0} woumtH0D t “par poo? 03 su ‘(purpsieyy) | uourutod ‘sioyours Madr aeons . (paryaep ‘sopang) — | « oar tat Sern uourw09 Pees jo, ‘OLOWTa [Vg | Jeoy ‘puomyory | Fl PTUASTABIO | pear ‘orprasmmog | Jl SMUASTRICOH | suid yeay Sqeuuputo | *SI6I-SI6L ‘punod sad anad aypsajoy 44 2099090, —'SST ATAV\L N sH s ; wD *penurzao)—Oo0V ao 543 Statistics of Tobacco, *Pesolp a “sepia [[@ Joy punod sed syueo ose19Ae ore SUOTZeIJOND {mars sopris a , “SI6L ‘Jequiedeq—Ajne Joy suoTejonb ON ¢ “SI6I Joy suortyRjonb on z “SI6T JO [[@ pur ‘oarsnjour ‘2161 ‘AequIedeq 04 AreNnIqo,, ‘pooS 0} uoUIUIOD ‘par qystiq pure yep ‘Aaping 7 £0 ‘OF | 00-6F a eae kee ort Remake State eeabited. se-6e | 00 FF 00°08 | 96°6T | 00'sz est | 00-18 oo-or | 00 ze Ca ee eee oe veq-Aine Os "98 | 00°OF | 00'¢8 |7-777"° [earstaiere: shine wlacs Atel sees 00°6E | 00°F | 00°08 |7-7777*|7777777 eee OO°TE: | 00D) G8°8e [o2t Tos Se ne eee oe Joqura09q O¢"98 | 00 ‘OF | 00 "ee [7777777 et De fas) Coosa et ate ake ae 00 ‘OF | 00"FF | 00-98 7-777 ft777777 leet sas O08. 500 °0F | Sree. [es Fe SRE a ae JoquiaroN 6L'TF | 00°6F | 00"e8 777777” eschopiels baie Deceeed tr abe tal 00 ‘OF | 00H | 0O"98 |--77t 77/7777 77 Poe OO°TE |'00°Gr1 Porer [es eee one ee 1990190 EGE Orava 05-08 feos (ol ont fers oe rad Paes secs 00 ‘OF | 00.°FF | 00:98 [-"7- "itor ttre 00 "FE: (00 “OF || 60° Cae, |e a re eens ae Joquieydag SL°th | 00°6F | OS ‘98 |-77777” | EY es eat eet Pree 00 ‘OF | 00 "FF | 00°98 | ZF °0z | 00'sz | 00'9T | OO'TE | 00 OF | OO'Ge |--- 7777 TTT Titer gsniny 02 "OF #} 00 GF | 00 FE |i e727} tonto Seco 2 ee eee 09°88 | 00°F | 00°Se | OST | O0"Se | Of FT | 0O°TE | OO'OR | 00's [777 nro aon eee nnn = Aine OT'2e | 00°6E | 00°27 | 26 FS | 00°08 | OO'TS |r| 60°62 | 00 FF | 00°S% | OTST | OS "es | OO"FT | Sz'8Z | OO'OF | OO'GS [TTT TTT oun—"uee SE508 2) 00208 }.00°82.} | GY |, he) o | bd yer eer lias -rerte-s == 00 "FE | 00 "FF | 00°22 | Z6'ST.| OS "8% | OO'FE | 0O'TE | OO"OF | 00's |---7777277T TTT TTiTT Titi emme ¥6°LZ | 00'SE | OF | IT'S | IT"Gs | TGs 77 tp OS "62 | 00 GE | 00°22 | ¥6'8E | OS “8 | OS'FT | OO-TE | OO“OF | 00's |--7-7F7-TTTTATttttttttttt tet Av 56 Be 2) 00388 | OF ee | 96-90 00 oe 102 ees Se O€ "83 | 00°CE | 00S | ST“8T | OS ez | OO°ST | O0'TE | 00'OF | OO'Ze [<7 "ttn tTt TT Tt iter tady 00°86 | 00'8% | 00° | OF "26 | 00 OE | 00"GS "77S 77 \-tTt Tet fttt tot SL°2@ | 00'TE | 00°SS | SF°LT | 00'TS | OO'FT | OF°S% | 00°82 | 00°E% |" -TTTTTTTT TTT ttt qoreyy 00°SS | 00°82 | 00° | OFFS | 00'S | OOTE H"-7 TT TeTT Tt tft 0S "26 | 00°0€ | 00° | 8O"ZT | 00'1S | OO'FT | OG °Sz | 00°82 | O'S [TTT TTT TTT Arensqeg 00°S% | 00°8% | 00°ce | OSes | 00°F | CO ) og i ei ORE | OO Oe Gongs sitar safe eee ao os O9S% | 00°82 | 00's [iT Tth tne ROSSER Arenuee 544 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TOBACCO—Continued. TABLE 134.— Tobacco (unmanufactured): International trade, calendar years 1909-1917. [Tobacco comprises leaf, stems, strippings, and fombac, but not snuff. See ‘‘ General note,” Table 93] EXPORTS. [000 omitted.] Aver- 1916 1917 Country. rd fixe: Sak Country. 1913. nary). | nary). From— Pounds. | Pounds. | Pounds. Agent oS sdscenes a2], LY SROODIE. ex bees “ad Algerian. 223. keou Ba, Ae St Se = Austria-Hungary pT he ig apne ae : Brazil...’.......- 59, 991 : British India... - Oe fC bine & .- || Philippine Islands Bulgarig =. es-.e55 4,310 |.. -- || Russia H Ceylon......- Ee ee 4,093 |.- United States.......... 381,127 | 483,955 | 254, 702 Oubacd 3 - seen eae 38, 035 |-. Other countries Dominican Republic...| 22,395 }.- be Dutch East Indies..-.. 163 B28 | oewaices ne Roteh j3.)use oa GISACB 23. o> cake koe gC Us Be | ag 2 IMPORTS. Into— | Into— Adentl:2 36 iss oee A CS eee Bae a8 Ltaliy 3 -Ses-2- aban eee Arpenting< i: 2o--2-°3- 14,988 | 19,168 | 27,321 || NetherJands...-........ Aastrali. 2 eo uees 13, 440"|" 16; 878"\o.--2--s Norwsy-....-.5-4ece seem Austria-Hungary.......| 49,984 |-.-..--..}.-.2.... Porbupal’ 2. uo sees Bela < - Face SS. Be O08 Ont a See mate ae Nigeria...22.- sete eee British Indw. =. 22. >- 6,588 5, sae eee once Oe oe Spain... 9-6 eee eee Canadas.-22..2 17,891 | 20,878] 18,570 || Sweden................ CHRD s¢ oa 2. nee oem 15,113 | 19,618} 20,525 || Switzerland............ Denmark - =. 23. 4:22 S714 oleae eae se .. || United Kingdom. EU Phi Jeon oe te 19,005 | 15,000} 14,274 || United States.......... Winlstid! ».52s8s tesco 9,597 SY Gs ee es Other countries. .-....- WYRNCG.£ 255- + a3-- eae 63,914 | 65,924 |........ Germany. <= .4.5-5.-222 168, 487 |.-.20.ss0]--dsece= || 2 BL ODM 2S see 1 Year beginning Apr. 1. 2 Year beginning Mar. 21. Statistics of Apples. 545 APPLES. TaBLeE 135.—Apples: Production and prices, Dec. 1, by States, 1917 and 1918. Apples. Price Dec. 1. Total crop (000 | Commercial crop State. omitted). (000 omitted). Per bushel. Per barrel. 1918 1917 1918 1917 | 1918 | 1917 | 1918 | 1917 Bu. Bu. Bbls. Bbls. | Dolls. | Dolls. | Dolls. Dolls. MT a ik 24050, wees woke hee 2,287} 4,617 225 400 | 0.95} 0.95] 280] 275 Mrwramipalite.s.22.c222<<..522 2° 1,944] 1,035 121 120} 110] 1.20] 3.20] 3.40 IIIT SS 5 ook renew +p 1,002} 1,286 114 135| 140] 1.30] 4.10} 4.00 MEMEMIE CUES 162 So 5c oc v= 50's, Hee 2,446 | 2,186 300 225} 1.60] 1.55| 4.20] 450 PePISAN sok ooo. 22-33. - ue 201 198 12 11} 155] 1.50] 4.60] 3.75 1,316 i120 100] 1.55] 1.44] 3.90] 4.00 9,995| 7,037] 2,380} 1.12] 1.32] 3.65] 3.95 2, 041 752 408 | 1.60] 1.25] 4.60] 3.82 12,150| 1,177 911 | 1.20] 1.26] 3.40| 3.60 450 184 186} 1.25] 1.10] 450] 3.40 2, 525 330 256| 1.10] .97] 3.00] 2.75 9,970} 1,766| 1,650] 1.24] 101] 3.95] 3.30 5,994] 1,145 702 | 1.17] 1.22] 3.55] 3.68 6, 156 200| 1.30] 1.14] 420] 3.40 S06) bese. oe 2.05 | 1.55] 5.70] 4.65 1, 754 117 120] 1.65] 1.20] 5.25] 3.50 6, 336 954 532] 1.53] 1.50] 4.64] 4.30 5, 508 230 434} 1.80| 1.21] 530] 3.67 7,519 754| 1,554] 1.85] 1.10] 6.00] 3.50 4,020] 1,124 515} 1.15] 1.40] 3.75 | 4.25 2, 436 105 14] 1.55] 1.34] 480] 425 1,188 33 50} 209] 1.55] 611] 4.50 5,445 79 250| 2.06| 1.45] 640] 4.45 7,818 600} 1,198] 1.64] 1.06] 5.10] 3.08 246 3 5| 235] 70] 680] 4.50 618 59 295| 2.301 1.49| 7.00] 4.55 5,176 333 650] 1.90] 135] 5.65] 3.87 7,140 84 143} 1.70] 1.17| 5.00] 3.60 5, 000 150 150} 1.56] 1.22] 4.50] 3.75 1, 452 26 2%] 1.70] 1.40] 6.00] 425 Biotec css ee ees - 1.30} 1.45] 5.10] 5.00 429 11 23) 1.60] 1.56] 4.50] 4.55 1,350 17 54] 2.01] 1.30] 600] 3.70 2,193 241 402 | 1.40] 1.35] 4.20] 3.95 911 75 Par eeTO ne TO Vee eee 2, 640 527 al eae aE) ab.) Ree rete 870 117 5 Fo Nha Oa FO) dee Mp a Pepa bak a 135 15 A Wie es ee A eal ER eet 906 163 ana: F346) een ee |---+-8 de EEE coe 1.60] 1.60]....... ete a 3, 882 112 906 | 1.70 ot Hee | 3.00 $7: Sa5't-'4) 206.1 © ROW bo Lab 0 96 ies, oe : : . 671 Co beat bgt cap oe: foe SS DR a ae eee ee 5,577 | 5,871 LASTS ATT EeON Bie Se. oan United States.................. 173,632 | 163,117 | 25,490 | 22,630 | 1.32 | 1.22 |... | pe? 98911°—yex 1918——-39 546 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. APPLES—Continued. TABLE 136.—Apples: Production (bushels) in the United States, 1889-1918. | Year Production. | Year. Production. | Year. Production. 18891... J. SRO ONS: 143,105,000 || 18991............-. 175, 897,000 || 19091.............. 146,122,000 Re eee tes 80, 142, 000 |} 1900..........2..2. 205, 930, 000 || 1910............... 141, 640, SOON Sa saee Se eee 198, 907,000: 1) ;29000e 2... ees Slee 135,500,000. || 1912. ... ..oeesoeoe 214, 020, 000 18025 -< sack: blades 120, 536, 000 |] 1902............... 212, 330, 000 1913." . 520 eee 235, 220, 000 |) 5 ES eee ss ee LIA, 7737 OOO | TOCSs oa Baas aoe 195, 680,000: |i 1913... oocos eee 145, 410, 000 1SHE Sule ei 134, 648, 000 |] 1904..............- 233; 680,000 || 1914... sce scaeee 253, 200, 000 16053 ben's. Sasalees 219, 600, 000 || 1905..........----- 136, 220, 000 || 1915............... 230, 011, 000 1896s bavce ss doe suees 202,600, O00 1) 2806 .6.7..bsao en oo 216, 720,000.|| 1916... -......- ae 204, 582, 000 er a ana ae 163, 728, 000, || dS0%6..cceteesenase 119, 560, 000 |] 1917........-...... 163, 117, 000 Thi, READ bed 118,061; 000;\| 1906e. 2. ee 148, 940,000 |! 1918..2<-Sosebemeee 173, 632, 000 1 Census figures. TaBLE 137.—Lstimated annual production of the commercial apple crop in the United States for the years 1916 to 1918, inclusive. [By commercial crop is meant that portion of the total crop which is sold for consumption as fresh fruit. One barrel is equivalent to three boxes. ] a a eS SS eee State. 1918 1917 1916 Barrels Barrels. Barrels, 1 AT eRe te Be SAM becon >) at PINE Pare Pe Mere We EE bY gw eel? B 225, 000 400, 000 425, 000 Now fasapshire.. oi 3 4 32. Se Se eee 121, 000 120, 000 162, 000 WEETTOL rig. 2 Som nao cobain = one Cs Bee cde Eee ae ere one 114, 000 135, 000 346, 000 DRHSSRCITISGUUS oS. 5 she Se reta » CLES eye oc eee cr ee an eae 300, 000 , 000 300, 000 Felinde Wang aes cb sop ya's eee cea hacen eee eee ee ee 12, 500 11, 000 13, 000 COMMBCHOHE Jon coi rasec sect vs ba ae ee akc Sena cease eee ees 120, 000 100, 000 104, 000 Now! Voth docs wu Ded oe sas eens eae ea. ae Se eens 7, 037,000 | 2,380, 000 6, 930, 000 GW: GISGs Livni cc blopn Seo Seen occ Se ook eo eee eee 751, 500 408, 000 373, 000 Pennsylvania’: 2). 202 < feneec ec. eee a eee eee 1, 177, 000 911, 000 1, 397, 000 DGS Wares. Secs. bc do ten oe ene es ce ee ee Aenea 184, 000 186, 000 69, 000 MGEVIBTIO! os bons ccemtomen aoe deacon bao aes sabes) ae eee 330, 000 256, 000 217, 000 Virginia... 22.2.2... BTR COMETS ERE BESSA Br FA LE Rt 2 1, 766,000 | 1,650,000] 1,995, 000 West) Wir iinias.<0 oc tec ae oso en ca ate sueeinee oeeaeaee eee eee 1, 145, 000 702, 000 1, 271, 000 North Caroling - 22d. Sg Pies ose See meee osx e Sieg eres eee eee 000 200, 000 218, 000 CHOOT IE ccs oid ie ip a fo weer tes won eee oe ene } 117, 000 120, 000 97, 000 OMG). cise Jade nde cous wa nteoees vent ac ke eee aa ee ee eee 954, 000 532, 000 721, 000 CATR Soo Sac ase no a Se aden Pew nc cca s eee eat Ee fen eee 230, 000 434, 000 262, 000 RT AL ped pin Je meme a See 62 35 SO eee ee dees Jo eae eae 754,000 | 1,554,000 566, 000 fe a aa eg SRE AE SERPENT M ba oP! eo Le 1, 124, 000 515, 000 1, 414, 000 WASCOHSIN oe Semone okanes de 42 seach «inn che oes deste eee Pao ee 105, 000 124, 000 105, 000 MEIN OS ORG = 3S ofataiaet > ote tite atu a dings vie wn oh gullinerd a eel kt eae een 33, 000 50, 000 | 42,000 TOG io aks SESS hoon s Sete ba ste eee es ee ee 79, 000 250, 000 110, 000 NEOUS oo oS hw circa dae ois a Sab ty:s Bauch Bees ao aeeraa ee eee 600,000 | 1, 128, 000 675, 000 BOVEY DOAK Os occ. te web dan ae « = eae age ea ce eee ee os ee a 3, 000 5, 000 5, 000 INGDPRO KBs 5 ccm ncch aap des se an be «= Sa derahi nee = Seen ae ee a 59, 000 225, 000 142, 000 BATES oo Sch wen ce seo hbbae «cn cain oted nee Oe Seale OEE Se 333, 060 650, 000 560, 000 | C11 1) 9 a ES po Oa Doe Se Las isle bes SCRE TO 84, 000 143, 000 157, 000 "RORATIQSSOD 0 ob dace op cial Sdn acc aaa TAO k aera gies ae elle age ein } 150, 000 150, 000 147, 000 BIGGIN. 3.25 eens cs eta ae a Goreme nd Sa ee aa aie See a a ae 26, 000 24, 000 19, 000 TOROS oncom onary 30 tabion vane Ged cass abs/4 ne ieee eee | 11, 000 23, 000 20, 000 ORISTIONIG « oo chain a st 5k wha died d pia(teallg tie wu wish atin See ola hie aaa 17, 000 54, 000 27,000 yy ER ep ree Ee EY, POR AS ees eer aka 241, 000 402, 000 245, 000 MODAN Bee ecs ook ce cues vows we evi soc evewbreienenne ernie | 75, 000 74, 000 69, 000 COMEREG ie enn tessketancec Sivtue naam ies 104i cut onal lp wen ines | 527, 000 701, 000 367, 000 NOW MGEIO0 ocd dednccswacutrs adh ddunwok dass Sl te 3 McIntosh (McIntosh HOG) iste es Se -9 3.7| 1.6 = | a A al Maiden Blush......... 20 33 dG 25 4. Bis 2: 4 Missouri (Missouri Pip- FID) 2 cp wocewu nara « so). SD ee O ohh) fokie oa -9 Northern Spy.......-. Gel) 7. 1) 13:1 4.2| 7.7) 17. 6 Northwestern Green- MG Seep aways ae = eh we Ol ee oD s4) 6) 19) 228) 6) eee 42 Oldenburg (Duchess of Oldenburg) ....... 1.9} 2.9) 2.2 » 5) 1.01 5/01- Lav Sop one oh Red Astrachan........ 1.9) 3.9] 2.1 BA) Baie Be 3.3 Red June (Carolina Red June)........... f26) 22 7 Ut ee ae 1.4 Rhode Island Green- Ti one ee Be hee eee 4.7| 4.1] 14.8 1.4] 5.7] 5. 2.7 Rome Beauty........- ie | ra | ee 18.7) 10.8). 2.4 Stayman Winesap..... 1.5). 6) ean Lip MISSh aye -9 Tolman(Tolman Sweet) 5. steno 1.0) 2.6) 2.1 4 5 Tompkins King (King of Tompkins COR ELPA so andonce 1.4, 2.4) 4.1 5 tM Ay ee eee ee 2.2) 5.4] 1.8 WhitePearmain (WhiteWinter PEACIIAIID). cn scls yess s6le oven ol VE ee ere en 61). skeen WY Olt Rivero cs ...3 56 «O Lao ee Yellow Bellflower.....] 1.4) 1.7) .3 Yellow Newtown (Al- bermarle; Newtown PIDDIN) orieccn ewe ou 1.6)... ed Yellow Transparent..| 1.5) 1.1] .3 York Imperial (John- son Fine Winter)....} 2.1)..... 1 Other varieties........ Note.—In important apple prodasing States not included in table, the principal varieties and their Tespective percentages of all > les in a2 normal crop are: ndiana.—Ben Davis 22.8, aldwin 7.2, Grimes Golden 6,7, Winesap 6.7, Maiden Blush 5.8, Rome ney 4.4, Northern (24 4.2. North Carolina.—Limbertwig 14.3, Winesa 12.2, Ben Davis 7.5, Early Harvest 7.2, Horse 7.2, Red June 5.9. Tennessee—Winesap 14.1, Ben Davis 12.2, eee 12.1, Early Harvest 8.4, Horse 6.3, Red June 5.4. Jowa.—Ben Davis 15.2, Wealthy 12.4, Jonathan 10.3, Oldenburg 8.9, Grimes Golden 4.9, Northwestern Greening 4.3. Kansas.—Ben Davis 19.4, Winesap 15.3, Jonathan 13.8, Missouri Pippin 8.6, Gano 6.0, Maiden Blush 4.3. Colorado.—Ben Davis 26.3, Jonathan 18.3, Gano 7.8, Rome Beaut 4.8, Winesap 4.1. Massachusetts.—Baldwin 48.4, Rhode Island Greening 9.3, Gravenstein 5.7, Melntosht Red 5.7, Northern Spy 5.1. Nebraska.—Ben Davis 21.3, Winesap 13.6, Jonathan 9.4, Wealthy 6.% Olden- burg 5.4, Grimes Golden 4.8, Missouri Pippin 4.2, Gano 4.0. Wisconsin —Oldenburg 14.7, Wealthy 13.7, Northwestern Greening 11.1, Fameuse. (Snow) 8.0, Wolf River 7.5, Ben Davis 5.1 Golden Russet 4.2. Maryland.—Ben Davis 17.0, York Imperial 16.2, Baldwin 8.8, Winesap 7.6, Stayman Winesap 7.0, Arkansas 44, Early Harvest 4.2. New Jersey.—Baldwin 25.2, Ben Davis 14.5, Rome Beauty 5.0 arvest 4.7, Rhode Island Greening 4.3, Northern Spy 4.2. Vermont.—Baldwia 15.1, Rhode Island Greening 128, Northern Spy 12.0, Fameuse conew) 8.1, MeIntosh 6.1, Ben Davis 5.6, Yellow Bellflower 4.2. Connerti- cut.—Baldwin 42.2, Rhode Island Greenin 16.9, Golden Russet 5.2.' New Hampshire.—Baldwin 51.9, Rhode Island Greening 5.9, Northern Spy 5.2, McIntosh 4.4. Jdaho.—Jonathan 21.3, Rome Beauty 16.6, Ben Davis 13.1, Gano a Winesap 4.6. Oklahoma.—Ben Davis 25.8, Missouri yn 12.1, Jonathan 8.2, Winesap 8.1, Arkansas Black 5.6, Gano 4.0. Georgia.—Horse 14.3, Ben Davis 12.2, Red June 10.0, Limber- twig 8.8, Winesap 7.6, Early Harvest 6.1, Arkansas Black 1.6. 4 aw eS Statistics of Peaches. 549 PEACHES. TaBLE 141.—Peaches: Production and prices, by States, 1917 and 1918. Prices. Production (000 omitted). State. 1918 1917 1918 1917. Oct. 15. | Sept. 15. | Oct. 15. | Sept. 15. Bushels. | Bushels. | Dollars. | Dollars. | Dollars. | Dollar MEER O56 So cee ne ncan aaslnn sees 0 le BE FE) | ESS ae 2.00 1.85 WOCYEE Gee 1 re en re 9 CON Pe eee ee oo 2.00 2.00 ERT UN Me or po dnn , - 8 - oe awe eee one ce rata) 2 ee Bae los erie albed ates 106.4 (OE ee ee As aes eee fae op EE es eee | 103.9] 133.2 CU) Te ROSE Se Te ee ee ees Sees ee eee ‘ee eeeees aS eS, 134.0] 130.5 | SE SSE TT a eee See [iis Sikes = ee ea ee ae ears 133.6 | 139.6 PES AE Bins Lots tthe oeenk- eee a eee ey ewaisoen lepine 113.2 | 126.0 |....... Fog a ST ee Te Pee eae Pee es ee 122.0} 123.0] 100.6 Mmpieeees......4:....-.|' 168.4} 132.3 [109.0 | 80.8] 98.8 |-109:9 | 106.3) 118.0 |.-.-... i 7 LS pee na apap ene | 157.8| 125.0] 102.7] 83.8] 92.8] 119.3] 100.0] 104.0] 100.9 “LE 5 a ge Se a | 147.5] 118.2] 96.9] 82.7| 80.4] 95.6] 83.1] 97.2] 98.6 Ln LS a es } 140.1] 116.1 93.3 89.8 78.5 93. 0 79.3 85.1 100.8 Dil iic Sa res | 158-6: |-23.2--. 105 89.7| 82.5] 97.9| 92.8] 111.0| 122.4 ORANGES. TaBLE 148.—Oranges: Production and prices, 1915-1918. United States. Florida. California. Aver- | Farm Aver-| Farm Aver- | Farm Year. Produc-| age value | Produc-} age value | Produc-| age value tion (000| price | Dec.1, | tion (000| price | Dec.1, | tion (000| price | Deec.1. omutted).| per bo (000 omitted).| per box, (000 omitted).| per box) (000 ec. 1.| omitted). ec. 1.| omitted). ec. 1. omitted). Bores. Bores. Bores. igs ar) eS: 21,200} $2.39] $50,692} 6,150] $1.88| $11,562] 15,050] $2.60] $39,130 IV1Gsees2423--e:: 24,133} 2.52] 61,463 6,933} 2.05] 14,213} 17,500] 2.70 47, 250 1 eer gene 5 10, 593 2.60 27,556 3,500 2.30 8, 050 7,093 2.75 19, 595 TOCN 2S, B35, 19,587] 4.73 | 92,723 5,265| 2.65| 13,952] 14,322] 5.50 78, 771 TaBLE 149.—Oranges: Farm price per box on 1st of month, 1908-1918. FLORIDA. Date. 1918 | 1917 | 1916 | 1915 | 1914 | 1913 | 1912 | 1911 | 1910 | 1909 | 1908 Ue ag A aaa aan Baa ei PA eel. Oeil et aden s = oe liag- natatesds-thceeeedlendacect- scares athe Li oy tee ae aes aes Se tage 1h NORE PS DO Tone cocci ao) peaten tose csesfacees tebe aes ese Oe oP asa Gees nis oe 2.54) 1.81] 1.78] 1.37] $1.53 | $1.87 | $1.78 | $1.64 | $1.50 | $1.23 | $1.57 Jy) hae Tai i a Ese pea 3.38] 2.45] 1.74] 1.35] 1.83] 1.96] 2.08] 2.18] 1.69] 1.77] 1.46 eel 5.00| 2.85] 2.15] 1.40] 2.02] 2.41] 2.20] 1.94] 2.07] 1.93] 1.53 URN pe ee Sn ee ea faonesrad ‘tral 2.00} 1.86) 2.54] 2.62] 1.91] 2.16] 1.97] 1.78 gL eae a eateelc aia Cie 2 see 2.50} 1.80} 2.25] 2.95] 2.08} 2.28] 2.62] 1.84] 1.53 Ree att oc ses see 4.17 |~°2.83 | 2.30) 2.58) 1.75) 3.19] 2.79) 1:70] 2.10 ]......- 1.30 OU Oa ee eee 3.16} 1.75] 2.04] 2.25| 2.55] 2.00] 3.25] 2.08] 2.20] 1.53] 1.72 Sh pth ok Ra peep ait pe PP al 2. G2. te Lope | Bed lownaa>> 1.69] 1.76) 1.70} 1.88] 1.22] 1.43 is Cy Caf le el a ai sea CE Poste fend agi TE bate 8 phage 2.02] 1.75] 1.49] 1.80] 1.78] 1.39 Us AC a S65 |, 2.00 |) 2 05 | 22 1ee8 | 12 PT, 60S. 1.60} 1.50] 1.23) 1.20 CALIFORNIA. SS eee $2.23 | $1.63 | $1.42 |....... ee) | LPT OO She tee ce een Pee oe Re _ SR aaa SOM eI LORE BUM eo. te ka fone ek -d cage od EN eh ae 1a opie ae ge ee 4.00] 1.90] 1.80] 1.43 | $1.97 | $1.86 | $1.72|....... SaaS) ose Rex Tea ae ee 2:99'| 2.20}. 23. 80) <1, 63:1 1.50 | 256 |) 299)... ) (SRR SEER) CSR Le Aaa rere OO) tse) eG Bae E67) 2h DIST bcd Oe os Oa 1 A ee ee 263) 2.02), 1:88. LOT] 155. ZOO} Lest......- {SEE Ee Pee in ei eR ae 2 86:|0 2-97) 290 | 4050 $1540 | REPT 1.84 |... (ESE Pee Soe 7 "7 AS Sara ae 5.00 2.25] 3.30] 1.55] 1.94] 4.71] 1.68].......)....... VESESI: ete. Col SR Beat ae 44 2) S06 Tb BIBT S76) 1.80 1-S2.00 |. ccc csle ced ccn as (Aft Ss CNR Pere ae i OO) A OO L, Ge BO Geel: Left BOE be ccccasd ce ccedieucek. Ua pln ces Rae ela atieg eis S04) 1.907) Ran) eo OS) B08) BOB Bip ede csi cden as 0): Ai a pees Sa eee DOO) Ate) 270) 260.) 2.00). 3.90').....-s]. <2... ee rn cere 552 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. CRANBERRIES. TaBLE 150.—Cranberries: Acreage, production, and farm value, by States, 1918, and totals (three States), 1914-1918. [Leading producing States.] x a verage | Produc- Arm | Farm value State and year. Acreage. yield : price per , peracre,| ton. barrel Dee. 1. Dee. 1. Acres Barrels. | Barrels. Dollars. Dollars. MaSSHCHTISGLLS: 25.55.56 asaecken caste ueeeas 14, 14. 200, 12. 2,500,000 Now. Jerséy-: -. «Foo 3.2 eee teens 11,000 10.4 114, 000 8.50 969, 000 WY ISGOMSIN coc oot sons 50 tas Wan poh eeee ee = 2, 200 16.4 36, 100 9.00 325,000 Total Ol above 2.6 é a2 fotos ce egecte 27, 200 12.9 350, 100 10. 84 3, 794, 000 FOL. 03 Ah Se ne egteces Doth ck tae eee 18 200 13.7 249, 000 10. 24 2,550, 000 BOG. 2 Ae sas 23s and peed Eee oe 26, 200 18.0 471,000 7.32 3, 449, 000 1915.4 FREE. £ PGES coc: eres Teena 23, 100 19.1 441,000 6.59 2,908, 000 MOIR SPC e Ros Neck np ee bate eee 22,000 31.7 697,000 3.97 2,766, 000 HOPS. Area. * Production. Country. 1915 1916 1917 1915 1916 NORTH AMERICA. Acres. Acres. Acres. Pounds. Pounds. United Statesss.s 22. 2. Se 44,700 43, 900 29, 900 52,986, 000 50,595,000 |. Oarindin ls 2" ie cee ee IS hice Seep Pee ari 1, 208, 450 || >=. = -22senetes oe beeeeeeae. Tbele Se 22 ee. d ton 45, S64 |5. f2255 52 |2 22 cote 54, 1943450") .2 toe on ceiecmeeee etn EUROPE. Austria-Hungary: MUSINGS Aros voc eee ace ("SLOSS loa os de paar 20; 479; 000 'T- aaa) SOS eee Fe og 0g Die ake 82 Tae lz Ree aaess £1 1S. | Ses SP 98 | oe 2 org 0g et |---| og =| er. freee} ge ST's [Terese sf 218 ele ieee fl beech (a LI hee IZ yeaa ba ae a Ag RR ell Near a me a Hl Ta Olacleoer. | eee Sef Se ee LI “s7ua) | *87UaD “s7uag “sqUID “s7uag “S7UID “s7Uuag “Spuag | *S7UAD “syuag |°87UWIaD “spuagd “SJUa) “s7uag $7Uag “squag "s7UaQ | "S7UID ea i a ho ee eH ee Ne |e ee J ee ee eee ‘oan |, 4 ‘ose |. : ‘ede |. t ‘ese |. Tee ie One ih , ‘ase |. ‘ -I0AV USTH | “Aor ES UTE | *A\07T Pa USIH | “A07T a. 31H | “MOT ey STH | “AT ie WaIH | “AOT Pad) (0) 69) yeorogo *e0ToYo ‘moysuTyse A, Weyseg | ‘AoTTeA ayQeUTeTTTMA | ‘AOTTBA OJUOUTeIORS “eoToyo 0} poos ‘ysBvog ogre ‘osvory) “0781S ‘eurid ‘teuutouT,) ooqoyo *¥10.K MON ‘oosTouR.y UB teteesesess=2*=39q0390 feclp hale ie tale Stabe alate it cans: ~*Jequieydeg ee eeeeee Male abel Sali Stoke a fie ide ray se ewee wlth alee: dibhechet Simin tole ils es oT i) = a" & ss a -""-e9uns—"uBs “a8 *SI6I-SI6I ‘punod sad and aynsajoy 44 :sdoyy—eey, aATAVY, “penurja0)—sd0OH * 555 Statistics of Hops. ‘ i “JOY IVUI ON ¢ “9I6T UT Sdoy ,,WORSUTYSVAA ,, POTTBD z “9T6T UT sdoy ,,U0Z010 ,, PeT[e) “sepvad [Te 10J ore sUOT}EIOND ZIGT 1 0°6I 61 | 6I | 06 | 6I 6r | O'ST | CT ity Mad lee OF (Ohara ace aia. oes | a [ag aoe - ari cee ae “*-*oeq-ATne (-) (-) (2) (c) (s) (2) (s) (¢) (hale |: 68 6I- |:O"eL |) et iy pleas it ewe seme caal toeecch samen | 162 | ge ide Rite ee ee ee cr oe 4 ---++= = Jequieqdeg 6 0°61 GL 6I 0°ST CT BE ae vee Ge Hihsaalcae ics ale Sale ae | 8 "6k GF Waka = eeeeee Sa Beas ccecnccecccccs ysnany OGI | 61 6I | OSE | ST it Sa [kee it Rip nice aces cae alk te “|O'Tr | & VERS Ss a a ag Toe ae istetry 4 1:7 O%6t—}-08- «| -9t-—-| TOE “| 08.) |. et) — fete nd OE Sa Saas ae ses ee FGF ol 30-4 Openness ee sibe se ee “-oung—uey OO | 6I 6. | Ost | SI oh) ip eae IZ ee seas cheek ea a OTF | ZF ry tg Ie aia ed sae “--*oune 0°6I 61 61 0ST cI Gks-|\tp ae 8 €& Diteiieerig: toe cole es OIF GF dole @ =a ee oe hed @°6I | 61 6I | O'ST | ST rn te bees NI Tee eoaaceiee ae lps ae “1 O°TR | a hou tS which §83 Sg 1°81 | 61 Stas Our hase (Se Maopeeee at = [le a 1 ata caesar NR al | See ae O'lh | Gb Ohne ee ey eee snr FST 0% ST 9 ‘OT 02 TL Coll pai & OCS sie Ale Bek oe ole Shee .|) Oh lites oo a, se eae ae ee : ““Arensge,t 00% | 02 02 =| 0°02 | 02 pasa 2s 5 it 1A pene Af ae = Stake ane Wy Oa GS RI, SES MRT = ck All a 2 ---*- ee ey nee, OOO Lal, OOD hee. sae =: 192, 000 200, OO | sae e ties MeanCe. 4.2: -5203.8----/- 484,000 | 68,177,000 6,053,009 5,955,000 arp ee 8 ss 82.) 2702, 000: | 2,555,000 | esec-.--. 629,000 | 17,372,000 |.........-... (O50) ly BOOU! (sows sae cee etams a= ns 2 POT. OO0, loscce are cns= so) tence Netherlands. ...........- 92,000 1,905, 000 1,742,000 2, 526, 000 HeMUIMnra es sces> ss). s---| * 186,000} ~ 188, 000 |. --_ <52--- 2. BOS, OO basics oases ye SE 8 es ee RN Se BA CET} Ge ae eee Sea Russia: 7 ; Russia proper........| §978,000 | 744,000 |............ 68,373,000 | 67,758,000 |...-.....-... Northern Caucasia. - . A 11 eg ee 3 BEES AO TE Se 48, 000 ew Bands 2 See Total European | RURRIRe ae ota Se. |b SOLAN |e Sai sot ble cco comms SAZB OND | ee ccna aes ~ are Aue a ee Pee Bia Soe me ae te se. + TLS S0, 000k | 2 cicers a oie Pegs vie wn Sie PAST ONO. ic ae Foe cas owt tals Beenie ree See E151 NE | 1, BO OOO Pe BSc Ta 12,755,000 P2580 bees a3. Becertan eae se 5,000 125, 000 195, 000 91,000 United Kingdom i england 2.32.22... 202, 000 7, 353, 000 6, 871, 000 3, 462, 000 Wil eS ee 1,000 29, 000 28, , 000 Scotland. ........:... 6, 000 202, 000 195, 000 237, 000 Penland 2 5.28-5..0% 4 1,000 42,000 46, 000 65, 000 Total United King- MONG S20 S202 <2 211,000 7, 626, 000 7,141,000 3, 793, 000 British India Ree ea ae 14, 238, 238, 000 9 143,397,000 | 9 127,979,000 | 9 147, 467, 000 Japanese tuiniee oh Si ae: eae 27, 026, 000 ye Mormosa ls. s< 5555222 786, 000 TE 000) Toes xan wae airs LT he ee Be eee APRS CD bac eentne olen aes een Total § Japanese : Mad: 2c-0 0. CRO fed See he AGO ete ie AFRICA. | | PEOIA c 5 oo acn teen = VOM a ee TESS nag eee een ee AMA Pete Pas GLa wiv Wate / ner ot Rees BOS Sy actin aegis AUSTRALASIA | RIBRT Me sad. soc a Wa = 1,000 (10) 10,000 19, 000 1 a other pulse. 6 Excludes territory occupied by the enemy. 21913 figures 7 Includes lentils. 8 Grown alone. 8 No official estimates. 4 Grown with corn. *Incomplete. — 51912 figures. 10 Included under peas. 558 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. BEANS—Continued. TABLE 158.—Beans: Acreage, production, and value by States, 1918, and totals (six States), 1914-1918. {Leading producing States.] Average Average : farm State and year. Acreage. yield per| Production. | price per acre. bushel Dec. 1. Acres. Bushels. Bushels. Dollars. 8 5 a] is Michigan: 3¢ 2ehe gos Bee ae 543,000 9.0 4, 887, 000 5.00 Colorsao.! = ese alee ie 252,000 6.5 1, 638, 000 4.40 NGw MiaxiG0 =: so ee eae re 149, 000 4.0 596, 000 4.30 ATISOMEL SAA. Soe cle ee ee a 18,000 4.0 72,000 5.00 Califor’. <2 ~ i td- te ane e oe 592, 000 15.0 8, 880, 000 5.40 "DOtalk 6 eset he. See a 1, 754,000 10.1 17, 733, 000 5. 28 Oy eee a 5 gee Sts tS 1, 821,000 8.8 16,045, 000 6.5 BOOS a 2 Se oe neon See men odode d Pane arnce 1, 107,000 9.7 10, 715, 000 5.10 1016 222223522 Lee ae eee 928, 000 11.1 10,321,000 2.59 TGR Ss 2 on et ee, eee od 875,000 13.2 11,585, 000 2.26 Date. | 1918 | 1917 | 1916 | 1915 | 1914 | 1913 | 1912 | 1911 | 1910 | | FEO GIT ced De oxhdspeyen | $7.00 | $5.71} $3.47 | $2.63 | $2.17] $2.26] $2.38; $2.20| $2.23 [ee a See MRT | 7.08) 6.07|. 3.43] 3.02] 2.09] 2.19] 2.38) 2.93) cig.gs Mar. 76 22.75.) i pais 4s 6.95} 6.49] 3.34] 2.89} 2.05] 2.10] 2.421 217| 2.17 Le eee ae Ne £5 6.95 | 7.37| 3.42 |: 2:81] 2:41) 2.11] 2.37) )9:a0 ee By Lots os wot exe eaeee 6.67| 8.94] 3.56] 2.93] 2.31] 2.18] 2.52] 2.17] 2.17 pT EERE LGR RDO AIS Hy 6.28| 8.99] 3.72] 2.87] 2.23] 2.23] 2.62] 2.19] 2.29 Saly 052). OE. 2 5.88} 8.07] 5.09] 2.75| 2.22) 2.929] 2.47] 2.93) 2.34 BigCIG..-.: | URS Ew 6.11} 7.29] 4.59] 2.67] 2.54] 2.11] 2.40] 2.20] 2.97 Sept NS. 5.9.0 S.-i e 5.67} 6.69] 4.60] 2.70] 2.46] 2.08| 2.38] 2.26] 2.28 ORIG 2 = 5.52] 7.48] 4.47] 2.93] 2.17] 2.25] 234] 2.27) 2.95 Nov Abcasnnsxan ssa watcapion 5.46| 7.33| 5.53 | 3.08) 2.28) 2.20] 9:95) See gee 1A NE AAR, (2 4.86| 7.00| 5.77} 3.30] 2.40] 212] 230] 2.42] 2.20 TABLE 160.—Soy beans: Farm price per bushel, 15th of month, 1913-1918. Date. 1918 1917 1916 1915 1914 1913 TABLE 161.—Beans: Wholesale price per bushel, 1913-1918. Date. Jan.—June...... Jan.-June...... December.....- September - .... Oereper..:-.... Statistics of Beans. BEANS—Continued. Boston, pea. Chicago, pea. Detroit, pea. 559 San Francisco small white (per 100 Ibs.). F Aver- . Aver- - Aver- . Aver- Low. | High. age. Low. | High. age. Low. | High. age. Low. High. age. Dolls.| Dolls.| Dolls. Dolls.| Dolls. Dolls.' Dolls.| Dolls.| Dolls.| Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. 2.25} 2.60| 2.45) 1.25) 2.50] 1.86) 1.80) 2.20]...... 4.50 5.90 4.91 2.15] 2.40) 2.28] 1.15) 2.25) 1.76] 1.75] 2.05|...... 4.50, 6.00 5.41 2.10} 2.35] 2.20) 1.60/ 2.30] 1.99) 1.80] 2.10/...... 4.75} 5.50) 5.15 2.15, 3.10} 2.59 a 3.10} 2.44) 1.85} 2.90)...... 4.00 6.00) 4.81 2.95} 3.50} 3.24) 2.40) 3.50) 3.08) 2.15, 3.20] 2.98) 4.50 5.70) 5.40 2.85, 4.10 3.47| 2.62) 4.10) 3,30) 2.60) 3.60) 3.15) 4.50 6.40 5.19 3.80} 5.85] 4.08 3.00} 8.00) 3.94) 3.50] 6.00 6.25 me 6.7 4.50, 7.25, 5.83 5.00) 8.00) 6.34 4.90] 7.00) 5.77) 7.50 11.00, 9.40 ee ee eee eee ee Sap GPP ROR SET: 6.50} 6.90! 6.77) 6.40 6.30 6.66, 6.25] 6.65) 6.42) 10.50 11.00) 10.75 6.90} 7.50| 7.18) 6.75) 7.50) 7.08) 6.45] 7.25| 6.88) 10.50 12.00| 10.91 7.35| 7.85 7.75| 7.35) 8.00) 7.72) 7.25| 7.60! 7.46) 11.50 12.50) 12.14 7.85, 9 25| 8.48] 7.60] 11.00} 8.98) 7.80] 10 00| 8.89) 12.25 16.00) 13.94 9.00 10.25) 9.84) 9.75) 11.25) 10.59, 9.00) 10.00) 9.49) 15.00 16.00) 15.88 9.00, 10.00} 9.38} 9.50) 10.00) 9.80 8.00} 9.00] 8.68 15.00 16.00) 15.62 6.50| 10.25) 8.23) 6.40) 11.25) 8.47] 6.25] 10. 7.97) 10.50, 16.00] 13.21 8.75| 9.25] 8.90| 8.75 8.95, 7.90| 8.25| 8.20) 14.00, 15.75 14.38 8.00} 8.50} 8.25} 7.25 8.15) 7.25] 8.00] 7.65) 13.75) 14.00) 13.§ 8.00} 8.35} 8.22) 7.25 7.58, 7.25] 8.00) 7.60) 12.75, 13.75| 13.63 8.25] 9.25] 8.82) 7.85 8.84} 8.25] 9.25) 8.76) 12.50 13.25) 12.94 9.25} 15.00] 12.97} 8.75 10.87} 8.00) 13.25] 10.75 12.25 12.50) 12.38 14.00} 14.75] 14.43} 13.25 13.89, 12.10] 13.25] 12.49) 11.75 12.25) 11.95 8.00} 15.00] 10.26) 7.25 9.71| 7.25] 13.25] 9.24) 11.75 15.75) 13.20 13.00} 14.25] 13.90] 13.00 13.32] 12.10] 12.50 12.301 11.75 ial 11.98 13.00} 14.00} 13.31) 13.00 13.82] 12.50) 13.25] 12.71) 12.00, 12.75| 12.28 12.00} 14.50) 14.01) 13.00 13.60] 11.75] 13.25] 12.63)...... Ate eas 12.00] 14.00! 13.62) 12.00 12.59] 11.50] 11.75! 11.51) 12.50 12.50! 12.50 12.00) 13.50) 12.95) 10.00 11.77) 10.00) 11.50, 10.79) 12. 50| 12. 50| 12.50 12.00) 13.00, 12.44) 10.00 10.54] 9.50} 10.00) 9.87) 12.50] 12.50, 12.50 12.00) 14.50) 13.37| 10.00 12.61) 9.50) 13.25) 11.64) 11.75] 12.75) 12.35 “11.50| 12.00] 12.11) 10.00) 12.50] 11.30! 9.25] 10.00} 9.56! 12.00 12.25) 12.16 11.50} 12.00] 11.75} 10. 50 11.24] 9.00] 10.25} 10 07] 12.00) 12.25) 12.12 9.50} 12.00] 10.71) 10.50 10.75} 9.00] 9 09} 9.00) 11.25) 12.25) 11.33 9.50) 11.00} 10.25) 8.25) 10 01) 8.75) 9.75] 9.09) 10.75) 11.75) 11.19 9.50} 11 00] 10.25) 9.50 9.78, 8.65} 9.00] 8.89} 9.35) 11.00 9.52 9.00} 10.50} 9.63) 9.00 9.15) 9.00 9.00] 9.00} 8.90 9.40 9.32 9.00} 12.00] 10.78} 8.25 8.65] 10.25, 9.27) 8 10. 37) -90, 12,25) 10.94 560 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. PEAS. TABLE 162.—Peas: Area and production of undermentioned countries, 1915-1917. Area. Production. , Country. 1915 1916 1917 1915 NORTH AMERICA. Acres. Acres. Acres Bushels. United States: 222. << sec ees 11,305, 000 () ies ee Se 17,129,000.) > (@)> See Canada:- i Prince Edward Island....-.- (8) (3 £3 1,000 Nova Scotia. 2. .....65-.-20 (3) (3 3 4,000 New Brunswick...........- (3) @ (3) 7,000 Bnaheg 251). 2. <= conse eee 24,000 22,000 66, 000 404, 000 Ontario 2-45. Siow t nottes Joe” 169, 000 126,000 | 126,000 3,007, 000 Saskatchewan............-- i 2,000 , 000 8,000 AIDertE 3. 52 c dee eed (3) 1,000 2,000 3,000 British Columbia..........- 1,000 1,000 1,000 39, 000 Total Canada... <<.-5-04 196, 000 152,000 | 199,000 3,472,000 SOUTH AMERICA. a eS Chilo ts. Fh. eu aso et ee 32, 000 36;000.|2irse.aee- 471,000 | © 516/000") 2sei2eS EUROPE. pe AUSIIB Ss oc uc ste totiae eters S £4000 "uo leases <0] ober aes 5 A97, 000}. os es engedl apenas B angary ees 3 we ae soewye cee 730,000" sh. &.. Lc. oe oe os ee 7 426,000 |. 5. .<205ceenlenenairmceds Croatia-Slavonia §............-- 7 10,000 cee ses sec ec ae es ce 7,147,000 |.) csc ee eeee eee a BOSTON 5 91,395, 000 POIBIG. (as cce Src ae Peewee (@) Northern Caucasia......... 3,000 Total Russia, European..| 1,398,000 SPAN oe eccks se suusewes enacts Bwed@ths 20 - exe caps nce sev tens se ASIA. | a ee ee er ee ee AUSTRALASIA. BEY iho cae apne eg eitw wend Sele INOW SCRUB. ac ecle cen cbeaaene es ee eee ee 0? 2 ns ~ 1,346,000 | 1,392,000 |..........| 11,382,000 | 13,369,000 |........... 54,000 5,000, | odes "150,000 | 1; 193;000 |2..2.22222. 98, 000 84,000 | 102,000| 2,461,000 000 (3) (3) 1,000 8/000 000 (3) (3) (3) 3,000 000 (3) (3) (3) 6,000 000 98, 000 86,000 | 103,000 | 2,478,000 000 ——S | ee ——__—___—} 110,000} 125,000 |.......... 2, 123, 000 82,000 hiddiscn de. laeee a Soe 552,000 10 41,000 25,000 | 32,000 | 10371, 000 000 137,000 9/000 | 125.000 367, 000 000 1 Census for 1909. 2 No official statistics. 3 Less than 500 acres. 4 Includes chick- 6 Galicia and B as, lentils, and vetches. < ost ase. 28 201, 645 241, 289 PORTERU DETR ooo w.c bin ven en 23 50,521 63,005 Chic: 2 ei a Sa 8 12, 500 15, 350 oi tei 2S 2 ah) EE 19 62, 150 77,489 LAL Tl eee ee ee 32 180, 407 213, 478 Potatoes (early Irish). .-.-... 16 267, 850 , 650 Strawberries. .:.......--.-.- 28 | 107,000 87, 250 Porriatoes 1-2... ----..-.- 39 | 343,186 | 320,646 Wratermcions.-;_.-........'- 17 120, 700 67, 680 Production. 1917 1918 36, 289 28,004 54, 156 56, 859 573, 220 707,870 7,946, 500 6,965, 370 1, 898, 974 2,084, 148 6, 597, 750 6, 436, 500 77, 688 467, 469 42, 581 111,711 6, 348, 300 7,476, 900 18, 267,325 | 18,827,938 152, 462 179, 102 18, 552,300 | 27,471,750 7,814, 658 6, 192, 250 1,311, 342 1, 701, 557 44,963,500 | 24,783,550 Unit of measure. Do. Standard crates, Crates.! 1 Crates of 1 dozen heads each. 2 Crates of 10 bunches of 1 dozen plants each. 3 Crates of 2 dozen heads each, 4 Crates containing 24 quarts 564 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. SUGAR. TaBLE 170.—Sugar: Production in the United States and its possessions, 1856-57 to 1918-19.} [Data for 1912-13 and subsequently beet sugar, also Louisiana and Hawaii cane sugar, estimated by United States Department of Agriculture; Porto Rico, by Treasury Department of Porto Rico; P' e Islands, production estimated by the Philippine Department of Agriculture and exports for years i June 30. For sources of data for earlier years, see Yearbook for 1912, p. 650. A short ton is 2,000 pounds. Cane sugar (chiefly raw). Beet sugar Jom: Sra Louisi- Other Porto Trawall aes apes ana. States.2 Rico. Islands.8 Average: Short tons. | Short tons. |Short tons.| Short tons. | Short tons. | Short tons. | Short tons. 1856-7 to 1860-61 ......}........... 132, 402 5,978 5, 364 46, 446 260, 190 1861-62 to 1865-66..... 269 74, 036 1,945 54, 488 202, 503 1866-67 to 1870-71. 448 44,768 3,818 81, 485 226, 633 1871-72 to 1875-76..... 403 67, 341 4,113 119, 557 279, 020 1876-77 to 1880-S1..... 470 | 104,920 5, 327 169, 067 383, 403 1881-82 to 1885-86 ..... 692 | 124, 868 7, 280 189, 277 485, 633 1886-87 to 1890-91 ..... 1,922 163,049 8,439 186, 129 555, 091 1891-92 to 1895-96 ..... 19, 406 268,655 6,634 286, 629 807, 142 1896-97 to 1900-1901...| 58,287 | 282,309] ° 4,405 134, 722 823, 690 1901-2 to 1905-6....... 239,730 | 352,053 | 12,126 108,978 | 1,257,673 1906-7 to 1910-11...... 479, 153 af 13, 664 145,832 | 1,785,370 CEC oe Be eee ae 184, 606 360, 277 4,048 103, 152 355, 611 75,011 082, 705 LTO ae pe Deer ae 218, 406 368, 734 4,169 100, 576 437, 991 123, 108 252, 984 TS a RE Cie eae 240,604] 255,894 | 22,176 | 138,096 | 367,475 82, 855 107, 100 Te Spe Sas See oR? 242,113 | 398,195 | 16,800] 151,088] 426,248] 125,271 359, 715 BOD 6 Bee oa ok Pee 312,921 | 377,162 | 13,440] 214,480} 499,213] 138,645 485, 861 Coe ese ee 483,612 257,600 14, 560 206, 864 440,017 132, 602 535, 255 ee eee 463,628 380, 800 13, 440 230, 095 521, 123 167, 242 776, 328 jt 2 ep Fe ened ee 425, 884 397, 600 16, 800 277,093 535, 156 123, 876 776, 409 pt || a a ee ee 512, 469 364, 000 11,200 346, 786 517, 090 140, 783 892, 328 Ch TTS SS aE eee 510,172 342,720 12, 320 349, 840 566, 821 164,658 946, 531 1911-12 hs 8, 000 371,076 595, 038 205,046 | 2,131,534 1912-13 9,000} 398,004 | 546,524 | 5345,077| 2,144,734 1913-14 7, 800 351, 666 612,000 | 5 408,339 | 2,405,904 1914-15 3, 920 346, 490 646,000 | 5 421,192 | 2,382,356 1915-16 1,120 483, 590 592,763 | 5 412,274 | 2,501, 467 1916-17 : 5 303 7,000 503, OS1 644,663 | 5 425,266 | 2,704,567 1917-18 ’ 2,240 | 462,819 | 576,700 | 5°399,033 | 2,499,599 1918-19 3) B00h| 32.2 ce ceeeoleseeee Rs eee ee 3 921; 1909, 501,682; p 974 short tons; 1849, 226,001 hogsheads; 1859, 221,726 hogs- eads; 1869, 80,706 hogsheads; 1879, 171,706 hogsheads; 1889, 146,062 short tons; 1898, 278,497 short tons; 1899, 159,583; and 1909, 325,516 short tons; cane ng oo in other States, 1839, 491 short tons; in 1849, 21,576 hogsheads; in 1859, 9,256 hogsheads; in 1869, 6,337 tons; in 1899, 1,691; and in 1909, 8,687 short tons. 2 Includes Texas only, subsequent to 1902-3. Unofficial returns. 8 Exports, for years ending June 30. a: Complete data not available for this period. Production in 1878-79, 1,254 short tons; in 1879-80, 1,304 ort tons. r * Production. | Statistics of Sugar. 565 SUGAR—Continued. ~ Taste 171.—Sugar beets and beet sugar: Production in the United States, 1916-1918. [Figures for 1918 are subject to revision.) > Area of beets. Beets seis ES hee as delivered to State and year. Harvested. i Price to : Yield Farm wales Planted. Per cent | Quantity. per acre, value. grow ers Amount. of per ton. planted Acres. Acres. | Percent. | Short tons. |Shorttons.| Dollars. | Dollars. 120,900 | 102, 400 P70 Wbeetbat Met ae oo flat eae acess 10.33 190,200 | 161,909 85.13. | 1,331,548 8.22 | 10,125,000 7. 60 159,100 | 141,097 88.68 | 1,477,426 10.47 | 9,311,000 6.30 142,000 | 126,500 BER el aa ee il Ee oe renee 10.00 183,600 | 161,476 87.95 | 1,857,649 11.50 | 13,526,000 7.28 211, 600 188, 568 89.12 | 2,018,298 10.70 | 12,236,000 6.06 37, 700 32, 600 voi wv Cy! [Eat 2 pe alot BR PE as | eee 10.00 46, 590 37, 745 81.17 312, 067 27 2, 203, 000 7.06 48,500 | 42,135 86. 87 357, 137 8.48 | 2,199,000 6.16 134,500 | 108, 200 MEO Pepe eh clebyucc foster ~osanee 10. 13 112, 700 82,151 72.89 524, 195 6.38 4,215, 000 8.04 122,000 | 99,619 81.65 543, 766 5.46 | 3,337,000 6.14 44, 600 42, 800 LS! dh Is Patek? rp es RS ae Ee 9.94 55,500 | 51,337 92. 50 473, 494 9.22 | 3,417,000 7.22 44,800 | 41, 083 91.70 | 424,913 10.34 | 2,622,000 6.17 36, 100 33, 300 (77, a ES eel a RE ta eS EE ea eee er 9. 63 29, 300 24, 234 82.71 219, 931 9.08 1, 580, 000 7.18 32, 600 24, 767 75.97 147,718 5.96 | 1,008,000 6.83 90, 100 83, 600 oe d7h! | a ei i eS SR AE (pe ee al 10.00 91, 100 80, 289 88.13 762,028 7.49 | 5,368,000 7.04 77,400 | 68, 211 88. 13 798, 119 11.70 | 4,577,000 5.73 14, 900 12, 600 BE SOU cowie PER als on cdascedbadmedaceacak 10.00 14, 100 9, 800 69.50 79,372 8.10 699, 000 8.81 10, 500 7,000 66. 67 61, 500 8.79 373, 000 6.06 68,900 | 50, 100 Gad (ef il Yaa Yl Oe a SS 9.73 83, 600 55, 856 66. 81 420, 093 7.52 | 3,059,000 7.28 a ea Sraee 62,000 | 52,828 85. 21 399, 379 7.56 | 2) 476,000 6.20 United States: i Lo) RS ka 689,700 | 592,100 a id ee eee PA [Ae eee ae ay 10. 02 MRC ese ee eae got otek 806, 664, 797 82.43 5, 980, 377 9.00 | 44, 192, 000 7.39 ee eae | 768,500 | 665,308 86.57 | 6,228,256 9.36 | 38, 139, 000 6.12 566 SUGAR—Continued. Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TABLE 171.—Sugar beets and beet sugar: Production in the United States, 1916-1918—Con. [Figures for 1918 are subject to revision.]} State and year.! (2B Ser Beery POLG 7254s ase Number of factories. Average length of cam- paign fined). Sugar made (chiefly re- Area harvested. Short | tons. | Acres. 109,300 102, 400 209,325, 161, 909 236,322, 141,097 182,700 126,500 2347303) 161, 476 252) 147| 188) 568 44,100. 32,600 38,376 37,745 45,874, 42) 135 117, 600) 108, 200 64,247| 82) 151 69,341 99,619 51,300 42, 800 53,893) 51,337 51,945) 41,083 43, 100 24) 467 18, 234 118, 000 83, 662 90, 277 14, 300 8, 032 6, 800 59, 700 48,902) 55, 856 49,717| 52,828 740, 100) 592, 100 765, 207| 664, 797 820, 657| 665, 308 acre, Average yield per Short tons. |Shorttons.| Per ct. 8. 24 8.16 10.37 11.16 10. 84 10. 25 10.34 7.59 7.87 8.08 5. 62 5. 05 Seo & FOO er EEO OT SOS OR Se OSS oo ~ Ee eR S582 885 S8a SEE SSB Sugar beets used. Quantity worked. 843, 700 1,321, 716 1) 462) 895 1, 412, 200 1) 749, 875 1, 933, 591 336, 600 286, 446 331, 478 873, 700 461,721 502) 705 446, 100 443, 355 404; 017 328, 900 202) 624 137, 696 1,012, 900 696, 522 708, 237 110, 400 70, 830 58, 700 458, 100 392) 456 380, 354 5, 822, 600 5, 625, 545 5, 919, 673 Analysis of beets. Percentage of su- crose.2 Purity coefficient.’ we eeeee Recovery of sucrose.4 weight of beets. Percentage of | ————— | ——_ ——q——S— Ss — | | __NT_* } | Perct.| Per ct.| Per ct. \Perct. 12. 96); Saou eponos ys 15.84) 85.71) 2.64 16.15) 88.01} 2.20 12.98) © <:- oc al etn 13.39] 86. 2.01 13.04] 86. 1.96 18. 10). aoe leas 13. 80. 3.34 13.84) 81. 3.11 18.46) 7 eden e 13.91) 85. 2.37 13.79) 84. 2. 58 LT. 40). oo. cieeaee = 12.16) 81. 2.75 12.86) 82.91) 2.65 13-00). =~ - -steeeeee 12.08) 74. 4.16 13.24) 83. 2.65 11.65): <.eceeeee 12.01) 76. 3. 60 12.75) 79. 3.30 12.976 kis shoaeee 11.34 os . 69 11.58} 77.72) 3.32 13. OS). cniss Sela ee Fi 12. 46] 82.14) 2.71 13.07/83. 2.62 pg | Bey oS 13. 60) 83.54) 2.68 13.86) 85.03] 2.44 1 Acreage and production of beets are credited, as in former reports, to the State in which the beets were made into sugar. 2 Based upon weight of beets. 3 Percentage of sucrose (pure sugar) in the total soluble solids of the beets. 4 Percentage of sucrose actually extracted by factories. 5 Percentage of sucrose (based upon weight of beets) remaining in molasses and pul ® Includes 3 factories in Washington, 3 in Wyoming, and 1 each in Illinois, Indiana, nesota, and Montana. Towns Kansas, Min- Statistics of Sugar. | 567 SUGAR—Continued. TaBLE 172.—Cane-sugar production of Louisiana, 1911-1918. [Figures for 1918 are from returns made before the end of the season, and are subject to revision.) Average Cane used for sugar. Molasses made.! Year of | Factories Sugar sugar eae re ae madi ae oR , ters rvest. ion. on o verage : er ton Gazid. Area. per acre. Production. Total. Short tons. | Pounds. Acres. |Shorttons.| Short tons. Gallons. Gallons. 352, 874 120 310, 000 19 5, 887, 292 35, 062,525 99 153, 573 142 197, 000 11 2,162,574 14, 302, 169 93 292, 698 139 248, 000 17 4,214, 000 24, 046, 32) 82 242, 700 152 213, 000 15 3,199, 000 17,177, 443 71 137,500 | 135 183, 000 sbi 2,018, 000 12, 743, 000 93 303, 900 149 221, 000 18 4,072,000 26, 154, 000 86 243, 600 128 244,000 15.6 3, 813, 000 30, 728, 000 126 263, 450 UCD el bara PA see meee D, DHOMUO. Isc cenenwcesnox| on ee ness « 1 Figures for molasses, 1911-1914, are as reported by the Louisiana Sugar Planters’ Association; figures for later years as reported by Bureau of Crop Estimates, U. S. Department of Agriculture. TABLE 173.—Cane-sugar production of Hawaii, 1913-1918. [Figures for 1918 are subject to revision.] Average extraction Cane used for sugar. ’ of sugar Facto- | Average SU eeagert pad riesin | length Sugar Be dope y' Sept. 30 8 | opera- | ofcam-| made. vse Per | be tion. | paign. Prdduction : Per cent | short vested. per . ofcane. | ton of acre. cane. Num- Short Short Short Hawaii ber. Days tons Acres tons. tons. Acres. | Percent. | Pounds. eee a sear te HET 171 | 162,900 52, 700 28 | 1,498,000 | 130,800 10. 87 217 POI ee cloacccs sy 184 232, 140 52, 700 36 1,898,000 | 100,300 12. 23 245 oe 179 | 197,130 52,627 33 1, 713, 759 98, 787 11.50 230 os a 196 | 240,300 50, 800 41 2,099,000 | 100, 200 11.45 229 4 CY examen 23 174 | 213,000 51, 000 36 | 1,854,000 |........-.. 11.49 230 TOUS, Fee 24 170 | 197,212 53,600 32 | 1, 703,000 |.........- 11.58 232 162 137,800 21, 400 48 1,037,000 48, 600 13. 29 265 207 119, 218 25,400 41 1,040, 000 51, 300 11.46 229 191 108, 632 21, 392 43 927,970 51, 712 11.71 234 203 115, 700 21,000 45 941, 000 49, 200 12.30 246 214 121, 000 21, 600 50 1,089,000 |. ...--.. 11.11 222 bi 1913...... 9 198 | 100,340| 20,800 42 841 DOOHE see te bes 11: 93 239 aui: 1918......---.+--- 231 162, 200 23, 100 57 1,315,000 50,300 12. 33 247 Ui a een nce ne = 160 | 147,755 23,600 47 | 1,108, 000 49, 300 13.33 267 kee SS ee oe 168 | 150,311 19, 911 55 1,098, 247 51, 897 13.69 274 LOT. 2; SS whdwee oe a> 174 | 160,300 19, 800 57} 1,126,000 44, 400 14. 24 285 1 Be aoe ui 167 | 145,000 19, 400 54 0 i 13.76 27 bs A og ewes @ 7 152 | 124, 820 19, 700 47 O29 000: ha sho. oas 13.44 269 ahu: Eee as gifae es aes 0 193 | 113,800 22,600 50 1,005,000 47,100 11. 32 227 RENieccses |x swansea 214 145, 550 22, 200 53 1, 174,000 44,200 12.39 248 CCUG yy Ea te 179 136, 690 21,489 52 1,119, 448 43,936 12. 21 244 Sil pee | eee a 205 129, 700 21,600 47 1,019, 000 46, 000 12.73 255 Rules s ofa 7 188 | 133,000 20, 700 44 Ph Gee ee 14.73 295 = oe Ann ; 10 157 124, 152 20,500 £9. be 1 O08 DOU: |e ss nnn 12.38 248 erritory 0. Hawaii: LOIS .4..6<> 41 855,000 | 276,800 11. 88 238 vhf ea 000 12.35 247 lture. gricu Yearbook of the Department of A 568 10 - oS . 19 18 16 tr 238 OSSSSS “UST “CT “ON ABsns 40S 09°L [rt] 0%'8 09°2 |°"*" 77>) $6°8 WAT 3) 9-8 OF 2) er > 4 G'S SEO ra 09° OBA STS cel Se Se ee", eS Ee ce "2 Rg bea gel GEO [es Or'L OURO" 1S a OTL O09 0L°9 ak i Di a 0G "ZL OG Te OS *L COs tae 7-5 06 °¢ Ot teats ¢3°S OR MS -* 0g *L i et ea a 1) eS NE ee oo'y. Ci gi a co"? ‘LT ‘ON iesns qos 03'S ["7*7777| OF'8 0°8 |--7"77*| oF°8 Bo gil. a 73] SFc8 Fie et Naame crs ad eed “") C6°L 11 | De aa be 4 ass eee re ce, pial ae 2 gg*h OLRe- SSeS "5 go'L CRO a a. 0f°2 OR OTs) ee 7 0g°L DO Dey lea: 06°9 3 DIROsa aca = OL*L OF ea eee oF, OL*L 1 aa aaa 02 9 OL RF. a ST’9 Ld Sa cae liek gg*L O08 =| apa ce ‘Fy [Ua ie le o8 ‘7 ODSy FF = i. 8 S6'F *MO'T ‘088 “pouyoy -I0AV “USTH | “MOT *piepue}s Jo euy ‘peyeynuBsy “958 MOT | oa y *polepMog *yeoy ng eee ence erccccclesecee deepee -*"@uns-uer “278 “aor eztiejod 096 ‘TRSNLIQUeO ‘AVE “SIGI-SI6I ‘jayavu yloX maxy uo ‘punod sad awd ajypsajoy yy savbng—PLy aATAV , “‘penunmopo—wVvons 569 Statistics of Sugar. 02°2 | $8°8 oe°L | TFS | ¢0°6 | 0'2 | 09°8 | et6 | ¢9°2 | 96°6 | O¢°0T | 006 | 60s"9 agrsta¥tes" 40qUIOAON G8 | SB'8 G88 | 20°6 | 90°6 | 00°6 | ST°6 | 9'6 | ST°6 | OS‘OL | OG 'OT | OS-OT | O8G"2 | 8-2 | BEL [i ci cities 19q0190 ¥6'L | &G'8 coz | Fe'S | G06 | Oss | FS | ST°6 | G9'L | 6T'OT | OS 'OT | 00°6 | O36'9 ett eke maa aaa eh ware e219 | o2°9 ge‘ | 2o:2 | soe |0s'2 | o9'2 | G92 | 992 | 00°6 | 00°6 | 00'6 | 0£0'9 piplegebacenecan ones ie pee Te g2°9 | $29 ge, |e |ooe |oce | soz | eoz | e9°2 | 00°6 | 00°6 | 00°6 | 080'9 a ie aaa ek “sqm ZL°9 | OFZ og |0s'2 {ozs |orz | 292 | 08's | 092 | 26°8 | 99°6 | G6'8 | 909 2 oe ge - euns—"uee 1L°9 | $4°9 oes | FL | ooh | GFL | 19°24 | 99°2 | 09'2 | 96°8 | 00°6 | S6'8 | T10'9 raat 2 029 | 02°9 0g'2 | 8F2 | 0o:2 | SFL | 09'2. }-09'2 | 09°2 | 96'8 | 96'8 | S6'8 | S00'9 Ae 029 | 0L°9 og'2 | 8F'2 | 0o'2 | GFZ | 092 | 092 | 09°2 | 96'S | 96'S | $6°8 | 200'9 02°9 | 02°9 og'2 | 8F°2 |osz | orz | 092 | 09° |09'2 | 96'S | 46'S | G6'8 | S009 019 | 0L°9 og'2 | 8F'2 | oss | oF'2 | 092 | 092 | 092 | o6'8 | 96'S | $6°8 | S00'9 189 | OF oe'2 | 8o2 [Oss | or | 122 | 08'S | 092 |90°6 | ¢9°6 | 96°83 | S009 sree sah aged PEP eae ke ee ee gos | gon [77 * 00°6 |""""""} 222 | 26°9 =*s""sShOGag 00's |s*--*"-L ons Lets Incr*-Logs Logs Ir-*s"*"1 g8°6 1 g9°6 Ir--*"""106'9 | 26°g 570 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. SUGAR—Continued. TaBLE 175.—Sugar: International trade, calendar years 1909-1917. (The following kinds and grades have been included under the head of : Brown, white, candi caramel, chancaca ( — crystal cube, maple, muscovado, panela. The following have been excluded: “Candy’’ (meaning confectionery), confectionery, glucose, grape sugar, jaggery, molasses, and sirup. See “General note,”’ Table 93.] EXPORTS. [000 omitted.] Average, 1916 1917 Average, 1916 1917 Conmsey' 1909-1913. | (prelim.)| (prelim. Country. 1909-1913. | (prelim.) | ( : From— From— Pounds. | Pounds. | Pounds. Pounds. | Pounds. | Pounds. Arvgenting. 02.4.0. 2 144 891 70 Germany...3: 32-532 1, 746, 322). 2 3c.w odes) see ada ew Austria-Hungary...| 1,697,659). .........|--........ Guadeloupe.....-... YER 1! eee ee Barbados. ........- Gl; G07|t Soe soe tees oese~s Martinique........- 85, 110) - 25) ssa5] soc Belgium........... BUG /GbO St ee bee Mauritius. ......... 452, 510) 54 53 2. se ea| eee ee Bragiccss.:. ss. 2 76,568} 118,663| 289,925 || Netherlands........] 400,980] 101, 819|.......... British Guiana..... 212 S8| soo csp sal toas bao os Peri. ooo ck 203, 472) 526, O23) oie So British India....... CS AY 7.7] ES eS EPS ne Philippine Islands.| 358, 865| 744, 453, 946 Chinas tsa 29,867} 25,555) 30,871 || Reunion........... 93, 310) 2c 25 2t eee ieee eee Cabav....- 25-36. 8 CUULLUST Beant RECs O CCH isha lS dost seees es 587,028) 117,078].......... Dominican Repub- Trinidad and To- fi ee tee ae 184, 703): <5. set es Te bos USeAes 87,510| 129, 618).......... Dutch Bast Indies!) 2,825, Th) 222. 8221 sce eeee United Kingdom. . 65, 207 10,296; 2,450 (yf eee eee ae 16,171 63, 533 57,296 || Other countries....| 660,878).-.....---}i-5.--2-.. Wil ahac Kees cheee 187, 633) -~ 289, 988) 2cccexs [$$ te, Wrante 0-4 2.2455. 413, 795| 208, 308|.......... ‘Totals --|'1* 16, 584|22 905220.) 0s: ose ee Formosa. 2522 2. 25-2 353,930] 504, 912 518,089 Central America: Pi: ee ee ES ee sores See ee SOE ROUNAS to >. |=. ake tes WAVE. Ssate3 ot s5 53 1,781, -987| Lr,eul....---- 6. pais ees sas. 5, 740 6, 538). ...-2..-. Philippine Islands. 412, 274 ” 425, 266 399,033 Guatemala....... | A ED SEAR bd Se Nicaragua.......- #0,000(... 82255 == 0 oe as BE Teta. 2..'s: = 221th 406, DUAL os ook ee ee nsen soe Merion ss. 3.54: 71,650 55,115 38,580 — ———— West Indies AFRICA S Retigd 9,3 E IEA. osc = = WOR be a. o t | ans tn eee a fa 4 a ae ee 91, 104 city mae Barbados......| 41,664, 39,536|.........- Mauritius.........- 236, 465| 239,199] 249, S87 Jamaica. ....... 21 Ce aaa LS fl atlas. nn. A ge 2112,000] 2114,000| 2130,000 St. Christopher- Portuguese East yee TSS Pp Seaeey a aA Ee ie aed eee eer LOA ae Bon) SS al epee eo ao Beas CO OURTCUS Lasneigd 5 ER Sees Bes (2 Sere ris ee aes Saat Be Se Seer aes If iene o Trinidad and Se Tobago...... 71,939] 79,398] 256,769 Potah $34 439, 569|.......... Canela 1) alee Se ae 3, 398, 385| 3,421,597) 4,020,160 | — Dominican Re- OCEANIA public #........ 140, 443) 149,943] 172,800 French— Australia........... 179,788) 336, 000|.......... Guadaloupe?..| 39,256] 35,690) 30, 864 |] Fiji...............- Seeell.....ce eo Liivnasitc(atct 2A) epee nm me ae nee Meee Rs ae —————— Sarna nnnEnnTIEEEEEnEEEEEEEREEEnEEiee DOLL. Fs Stee Ri CAN one taie tees >. ot Ti i |e SO UA, a ane ———————————— ——__=_—_ | ———— Total cane SOUTH AMERICA. BEAR oid oe = Rg OO eel wn cc ad tele Geet oa « Argentina........-.. 164,572) - 92, 669) 97, 086 Total beet Beal. eee ee NS oe atnisie's oie o'w stn'ege era's 2 302, 627 and can ait in uiana: SUGAE con ds- 15 OGG, SOL. . wp cdeetbudetketb «a British ®...-..... 130,171] 113, 848].......... Pes ss RUCCW So 24. booties ace foe susan Sal?" Stes araguay.......... 13 1, 43 EES Bap rie 277,780} 280,000} 280,000 MOMet cen SRTROMEN, . 1. nncay slo cadusnece 1 Refined sugar. 2 Unofficial figures. § Exports. 572 SUGAR—Continued. Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TABLE 177.—Sucar: Total production of countries mentioned in Table 176, 1895-1917 Production. Cane. Beet Total. Short tons. | Short tons. 7,390,000 | 15,316,000 7,350,000 | 16,004,000 6,991,000 | 16, 414,000 9,042,000 | 18,582,000 7,072,000 | 17,347,000 9,509, 769 | 20,518, 000 9, 433,783 | 20, 703, 983 8,756, 831 | 20,073, 783 6, 810, 105 | 418, 695, 551 43,976,008 | 416, 282, 851 43,313,624 | 14,499,842 to 1917-18. ! | Production. | | Year. | Year. | Cane.t | Beet | Total | Short tons. | Short tons. | Short tons. 4, 832, 000 8,091,000 || 1907-8 5,549,000 | 8, 720,000 || 1908-9. 5, 457,000 | 8, 663, 000 || 1909-10. 5,616,000 | 8,971,000 || 1910-11 6, 262,000} 9,651,000 || 1911-12 6,795,000 | 10,879,000 || 1912-13 7,743,000 | 14,561,000 || 1913-14 6,454,000 | 13, 236,000 || 1914-15 6,835,000 | 13,744,000 || 1915-16 5,525,000 | 13,187,000 |} 1916-17 8,090,000 | 15,641,000 || 1917-18 7,587,000 | 15,952,000 1 Prior to 1901-2 these figures include exports instead of production for British India. 2 Excluding Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Salvador. 3 Excluding Salvador and St. Lucia. 4 Includes only countries for which reports were given in Table 176. TABLE 178.—Beet and beet sugar production of undermentioned countries. Average extraction Beets used for sugar. Factories) Sugar Country and year. an See made, r ion. raw. verage Area har- Quantity yield per t vested. dove: worked. | Austria-Hungary: Number. | Short tons. Acres. Short tons.| Shorttons. Ot. toe skis 214 1,549, 102 918, 201 11.95 | 11,038,503 7 WES i Saal ap oi 8 lea 210 | 1,180,605 968, 771 8.18 | 8,623,578 PUNE AED os Sas wea onien 218 | 2,093,439 | 1,088,088 13.00 | 13,911,305 Area culti- vated. Produced. 92 299, 035 148, 858 13.41 | 1,996,977 89 258, 780 145,119 11.45 1, 660, 872 88 309, 308 152,913 12.47 1,907,358 84 249,395 129, 527 11.85 1,534,311 | 8 110; 700 isa ice Se lacee eee 817,381 8 198 (O82 lac. bon 3.2 | Reena cee 809, 616 9 148, 447 79, 986 14.49 1,159, 369 9 AL Li 2 ey RR Sm eae ae 1,025,140 9 167,803 10,000 | 0c msganca 910,000 9 143, 475 URE Td Oy ee 811, 351 9 123,623 | 7). Os Seas. | 972, 965 | | } Area har- France: Refined. vested. Worked. yo | ea ee 239 717, 033 549, 969 10.76 | 6,426,226 ot eae 220 512, 986 555,575 8.09 | 4,669,083 Lb | ees eek 213 967, 440 566, 539 12.99 | 7,960, 926 pit. ee 206 790,790 534, 230 12.24 | 6,539,725 1914-15 AE 455% 69 333, 953 242,781 11.92 | 2,892,878 dS | a a 64 149, 801 146, 305 8.65 | 1,265,518 Germany: ! Raw. ROSIE . vives ducnan 354 2,770,001 1, 180, 913 14.72 | 17,360,003 IPL as 6s dencctocnsy 342 1,551, 797 1, 247, 213 8.03 , 987,473 Cl ee eer 342 2,901,564 1,353, 181 13.56 | 18,344,738 1918-14. 2c. dbunese 341 2,885,572 1,316, 655 14.19 | 18,672,939 of sugar. Percent- ageot | “ton of waient, | eet of bee used: used. Per cent.| Pounds. 17.5 281 16.6 274 14.8 301 P.c.of wt.| Per ton of i, of same produced. uced. 14.9% 2s 299 15.58 312 16. 22 324 16.25 325 13.56 271 15.81 316 12.80 256 17.46 349 P.c.of wt.| Perton of beets | of bects used, used. 11.80 236 11. 41 228 13.15 263 12.09 242 11.54 231 11.84 237 15.96 319 15.54 311 15.82 316 15. 45 309 1 The production of sugar in Germany, including refined from imported raw sugar, was 2,983,085 short tons in 1912-13 and 2,993,704 in 1913-14. Statistics of Sugar. SUGAR—Continued. TABLE 178.—Beet and beet sugar production of undermentioned countries—Continued. Beets used for sugar. Average extraction of sugar. Factories} Sugar | Country and year. j|inopera-| made, Percent- | p a tion. ray Area har- age? Quantity ar a ton of vested. | Yield per) Worked. elg beets acre. of beets aad ) used. ‘ ) P.c.of wt.| Per ton Area culti- of beets of beets Refined. vated. Shorttons.| Worked used used. 190,901 124,044 ‘ j 174,894 131, 260 218,628 133, 434 336, 823 152, 700 165,583 100, 570 165,781 122, 809 219, 947 138, 554 12.94 | 1,678,803 13.10 262 265, 401 137,388 16.06 | 1,896,187 14.00 280 315,775 160,180 14.99 | 2,228, 851 14.17 283 231,073 149, 001 12.27 | 1,705,878 13.55 271 TOTES 1 27 316,346 156, 251 14.06 | 2,193,577 14.42 288 * 1915-16 (prelim.).... 23 240, 828 139,644 13.52 | 1,755,964 13.71 274 Russia: Raw. TS pe 276 | 2,074,410 | 1,631,188 8.9 | 14,437,305 14.61 292 TAWOT Po 2c: 281} 2,036,990 | 1,923,539 7.8 | 14,754,312 13.84 277 OYE Ab ees Se Sees 287 | 1,361,842] 1,847,313 6.4 | 11,538,078 11.73 235 LL 2 eae eae 293 | 1,680,893] 1,756,160 7.7 | 13,436,058 12.51 250 7 2 pee ae 265 | 1,958,975 | 1,941,122 7.4 | 13,979,662 14.01 280 . 2 re 235 | 1,697,356] 1,748, 466 7.0 | 12,324,612 13.77 275 pain: (OE Spee ae ae 33 68, 743 (4) 532, 882 12.90 258 1D EY RO 32 102, 859 90,787 872, 834 11.78 236 iS ae or 33 171, 839 105, 213 Q) 1,302, 871 11.33 264 a tne se 31 186, 680 146,745 1,478,114 12.62 252 io eee (2) 112, 231 78,642 813,790 1208 eeedeses< TTT a ee 27 117,334 99,114 921, 013 10/05 (OES oo Sweden: PMN ee Lo soase 24 191,713 86, 816 13.56 | 1,218,166 15.53 315 Oh De 24 140, 409 © 71,790 14.83 908, 372 15.27 309 Cly a iS Sa 24 145, 462 66, 900 13.95 922,083 15.59 316 Area har- United States: Refined. vested. tpt Sh CRS es ee 61 510,172 398, 029 10.17 | 4,047,292 12.61 252 AGUS SoS. o5 66 599, 500 473,877 10.68 | 5,062,333 11.84 237 Lf OS bees 73 692, 556 555, 9.41 | 5,224,377 13. 26 265 Wine eo dacae 71 733, 401 580, 006 9.76 | 5,659, 462 12.96 259 (CC be ee 60 722, 054 483 , 400 10.9 5, 288, 500 13.65 273 LES | eae See eae 67 874, 220 611,301 10.1 6, 150, 293 14. 21 267 i152 ¥ 5S ee ae 74 820, 657 665,308 8.90 | 5,919,673 13. 86 277 MS i a 91 765, 207 664, 797 8.46} 5,625,545 13.60 272 O10 br i 92 740,100 592, 100 9.83 | 5,822,600 12. 71 254 1 No data. 2 Preliminary. 574 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. SUGAR—Continued. TABLE 179.—Cane and cane sugar production of undermentioned countries. ~ Cane used for sugar. Sugar Country and year. matiol Area har- | Average | Quantity vested per acre. | work ; Acres culti- entina: Short tons vated. Short tons. | Short tons. OY a ae Ee ene) ee 163, 701 178, 060 1 t WDA 5 9. 2. subtee bance ees 198, 515 ; 1 u | 1OUS-AB Gp. abet aac alee 162,313 | 232, 830 1 2, 338, 594 . 1013 SA... kt P ohne oes ae 304, ; 1 3, 451, 321 TF Aas BAR eR SES op 370,324 | 269, 833 1 4, 027, 067 . Australia: Harvested. Produced. WiG-0-- = eee ctee ces 253, 131 100, 237 22.36 | 2, 240,849 | IST Ie Se 3 ae eee eS eee 210, 292 101,010 18.65 | 1,884,120 INDAR s- 5 Peed eae We eee 144, 776 279 15.09 | 1) 271,358 | Cuba: Cultivated PONETS 5632 -sutresitgeh a ih ae: 1,670, 151 2) 2) 14, 736, 981 TT eR POOL be SE es 2, 142, 420 a) 2 20, 679, 593 TT El ipa SR, Bet ellen See 2, 737, 264 | 1,340, 139 a 25, 137, 684 W0IGMA BLM ck Bere ESO. 2,891,281 | 1,334,070 2 25, 644, 949 1OUGAG go att aie Sak ge ee 2007, 427 \\. a dh te anaes 28° 068, 993 IDLG-AB, pa! seen bcopep tp eee te sae te eae 3,908, 285. |.2ar 4>3- sa onthe 26, 324, 706 TTS | pee ella ell By cea By ey Ris a) EE 28, 149, 841 Hawaii: Harvested. Ce | Re Sept eS 595, 038 113, 000 42.0 | 4,774,000 WUE-18. +... Br -2-eo tree - 546, 524 114, 600 39.0 | 4,476,000 iat eS Dear a: See 612, 000 112, 7 45.0 | 5,094,000 ite ar Wey ete preter Te CEES 646, 000 113, 200 46.0 | 5,185,000 W165 5-2-2 2b pees st 592, 763 115, 419 42.0 | 4,859, 424 Japan: Cultivated. Ts Op RE ey Fe EE | 72, 454 49, 166 18. 49 892, 662 WITS at wee es 75, 797 52, 153 18.16 941, 550 191949 0eccs-. | Aoecietel tt ac 68, 867 51, 293 17.15 879, 624 WDIS=14. 5... 22 owe nase - ee - soe 72,613 53, 300 17.91 954, 758 Java (factory plantations): Harvested. rT Sy eR ANE Tak, AE 583,178 |“ 321,720 46. 43 | 14,936, 035 Te ET AR SE ESOL TE GED 424, 657 336, 021 40.71 | 13, 679, 962 rc St ey See een a 527, 584 340, 739 45.11 | 15,370, 765 Spain: Cultivated. TTS he SAR BAG oo Ei aad 22, 371 11, 666 21.9 258, 138 TS. ERY Sinner 17, 831 9, 983 16.5 167, 092 Ce SRR Bea en Taig Bad 14, 585 9, 844 15.6 153, 707 Tih 3) Sei Petes ey ee 8,131 4,581 17.4 79, 719 UTP: 1 ee pny Pde Gna ell F. & 6, 168 4,717 () 70, 410 SHIN 2c: > Lena taan eta 4, 700 2) 950 16.59 48, 937 TE i a Bees ce dP Teeth 5,053 4, Gil |i. 2scuaee 70, 286 Harvested United States (Louisiana) for sugar. (Ce 8 0 RN Toes care C 352, 874 310, 000 19.0 | 5,887,292 Cb = | Se ree eA 153, 573 197, 000 11.0 2,162, 574 SRE oc on «34,0 ae 292; 698 248, 000 17.0 | 4,214,000 BIBT 5 cle suak-sndvadn goes 242, 700 213, 000 15.0 | 3,199,000 IOIS-10, .Babc.o5.524.2.c0 een eae 137, 500 183, 000 11.0 | 2,018,000 Te Se ee 303, 900 221, 000 18.0 | 4,072,000 MRT NI ow npnacninalen sen 243, 600 244, 000 15.6 | 3,813,000 CRT aE 208, 450 |. ...2i2cuss|-seeenenens 2! 996, 000 Statistics of Sugar. SUGAR—Continued. 575 TaBiE 180.—Sugar beets: Area and production of undermentioned countries, 1915-1917. Area. Production. Country. 1915 1916 1917 1915 1916 1917 NORTH AMERICA. Acres. Acres. Acres. | Short tons. | Short tons. | Short tons Otros ae 611,000 665, 308 664,797 | 6,511,000 | 6,228,000 | 5,980,377 Cin Thee oe pe oe ae ae 8, 000 15,000 14, 000 141, 000 71, 000 117, 800 SEC, ope o> ante dae aie aielo w 629, 000 680, 308 678,797 | 6,652,000 | 6,299,000 | 6,097,977 EUROPE. Austria-Hungary: ANUS cence dew sccee's wise oie 1 435,000 Se 2 lon ogee sewn PAP SIV ost. <3 oe tage oo 266, 000 Te ee ee Croatia-Slavonia........--.-.- G) (a OF Pe Bosnia-Herzegovina.....----.- 2 (lena 4 2 208-64 Total Austria-Hungary......|-....--...- (2) / Seay: Reta Ubam Sosa 4 Efe Spt alee Te Oe Ae 8 2 & a 1) Pah i ae a alien aa (2) iy Teeth ea eee POP RTEMNED Te ote San ae 52a sc5 79, 000 77,787 76,020 PREM o Sena = <= ate tar Poe cin 2, 000 Dob \is—osoee « Saag 2 aerials be ee OS. 000' |e S8e87G |= 2 22ee. to (Cov cove Sa Aas Sep eae aes 917, 000 (35 eee ss: Bae ee a Sh crs x ee ,000 | 123,056 | 120,091 EER NMOS gran a. dea Total Russia, European..... 1, 882,000 | 1,635,000 | eee es (2) (@) laseaag-.. - BRI RM oe anne ep see ne annncet (2) S007 AR sae il (2) 2 De eS ae * ? Se a a 79,000 5 | Be A aie0od | ay sade [Saher 2, C00 ye Vate [5.0 0ccawnc a 28, 000 29 0AG 1) .5 tiiees< TN, bol SEE Revol abl BR Ro RES Sian ee Meta Liege Oe CPOE Ao ob rere eterno = tc le ate oxras Go| o> ok teat (eae om ose | ELE SEES PAPA ee ahs 2. j 1 Galicia and Bukowina not included. 2 No official statistics. 8 Exclusive of invaded area, in which 115,900 acres were under sugar beets in 1914. 576 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. MAPLE SUGAR AND SIRUP. TABLE 181.— Maple sugar and sirup production, 1909, 1917, and 1918. [Figures for 1909 are from the United States census; all others are based upon reports from field agents and correspondents of the Bureau of Crop Estimates.] Average per tree. State and year. Treestavped.| Sugar made. | Sirup made. |}———4j-——_ As sugar.) As sirup. . Maine: Number. Pounds. Galions. Pounds. | Gallons. 1618; J.C)... 2. tse Re BO _ 290, 000 46, 400 52, 200 1.6 0.20 1 AE Rp eet pe arr oe ee RES 255, 000 42,350 48, 700 aet eal IS. Os es o0..f Se ve 252, 764 15, 388 43,971 1.45 -18 New Hampshire RGIS AS ahsc vi Ss ota, so Soe are aoe 870, 000 556, 800 147,900 2.0 +25 USO ee Seer eek eta ee 800, 000 537, 600 142, 800 2.1 - 26 TGOO SELL eS 05 285-2 Sc oete de, See se 792, 147 558, S11 111,500 1.83 -23 Vermont ; IDIB i S.556 cl cods eee ee emanated 5, 500. 000 6, 237, 000 664, 100 2.10 - 26 $V Es anti. 0h 2. 38 acl eae 5,100,000 | 5,626, 300 552, 600 1.97 25 j TON 2 ee a ee ....| 5,585,632 7, 726, 817 409, 953 1.98 25 Massachusetts: i) PP Ss Eee, Fee eer eyes yas 273,900 182, 600 50, 800 2.15 27 1917S IA ee eS 256, 000 182, 700 50, 800 2.30 29 190935) Nop De ee aad 256, 501 156, 952 53, 091 2.27 28 Connecticut: 1918) 4 ol TR J 13, 500 8,900 3,900 3.0 .38 IES Ac bene ee a en 12,000 6, 600 2,900 2.5 31 190053 2. ee 12, 296 10, 207 4, 236 3.65 . 46 New York BOI Poe tee ela cet ee ten nea 6, 236, 000 3, 732, 000 1, 755, 000 2.85 -35 IDET 23- Coe ee eat eee teehee as 5, 724, 000 2, 255, 000 1, 485, 000 2. 47 -31 ee Pa Be SAP 5S one ree 4,948, 784 3, 160, 300 993, 242 2.24 - 28 Pennsylvania: OES sacks ome acs Seed oe ee a ey 1, 220, 000 993, 000 440, 000 3.7 - 46 Ly Pee See ae eee tere Sees 1, 130, 000 988, 800 370, 800 3.5 -44 ees: ee Seen ey Maem Ae Lo 1, 298, 005 1, 188, 049 391, 242 3.33 -42 Maryland LOUD Seer se ede ana ook ae te 74, 800 179, 500 15,000 4.0 -50 ER aR 3 Ea A ear ce 68, 000 161, 800 9, 500 3.5 44 UE LAS et Reopens Serle tebe Bel wn pa 79,658 351, 908 12, 172 5.64 -70 West Virginia: AVIS sab pt Neb ces Oe et 5b BE 105, 000 147,000 27,500 3.5 44 AOR cases 2 aeteamae antes tothe a. ede 85, 000 151, 700 18, 200 3.5 ~44 One | 1 Bea hal Sng Sy ok Se Se ee trate 97, 274 140, 060 31, 176 4.0 -50 0: WIS 5 ee eee «seen aoe 2, 660, 000 558, 600 1, 093, 900 3.5 -44 WOU 3s ee aaah ss coke kee 2, 418, 000 536, 800 1,051, 300 i § 46 LL EE ee 5 ea 3,170, 828 257,592 1,323, 431 3.42 43 Indiana: 1 eres 2 en RULE Eye eT Te 700, 000 238, 000 267, 800 3.4 42 TORTS 5c Be oh te Pee 637, 000 48, 000 296, 600 3.8 48 it aN plein Bard, Be geoph pie pte Ppa i hes 742, 586 33, 419 273, 728 2.99 37 Michigan : . Sea SS te ics Side wy. a baa T aie eee 930, 000 364, 600 279, 900 2. 80 «35 IW Ze ccctcs ata Rooheet sé task cus tee 641, 400 229, 000 175,900 2.55 32 MAES Fabs datesetk ota ceo kek oS 986, 737 293, 301 ; 2. 48 81 Wisconsin: WONG So xia Fo iw aakesdes tab easeed 425, 000 26, 500 107, 200 2.08 - 26 poe Re er eee aoe 340, 000 72,000 1, 000 2.12 26 PEs BAB ES DEES eS 449, 727 27, 199 124,117 2. 26 -28 Total 13 States: BUNS g che wow Poneto nn ha eae ee 19, 298, 200 13, 270, 900 4,905, 200 2.72 +35 LG Sina abe » mela whe eins tens mee 17, 466, 400 10, 838, 650 4, 286, 100 2.58 382 WIGS os obi acco seve cach a cee ees 18,672,939 | 13,920,003 4,040, 952 2.48 31 Norte.—These 13 States produced, in 1909, 99 per cent of the maple sugar crops of the United States and 98.4 per cent of the maple sirup. TABLE 182.— Maple sugar and sirup: Farm price, 15th of month, 19138-1918. Sugar (cents per pound), Sirup (dollars per gallon). Date. S aa ae ee eee eo 1918 | 1917 | 1916 | 1915 | 1914 | 1913 | 1918 | 1917 | 1916 | 1915 | 1914 | 1913 WODAID s cusveetebs secs euln 18.8 | 14.7 | 12.6 | 11.6 |...... 12.2 | 1.58 | 1.22 | 1.08 | 1.06 1.06 ne Pe ee eee 20.5 | 14.7 | 13.4 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.6 | 1.76 | 1.30 | 1.11 | 1.10 1.06 BRE. 1B. ci cadedaindedavesds 22.5 | 16.3 | 13.9 | 12.9 | 12.5 | 13.0 | 1.80 | 1.33 | 1.17 | 1.10 1.10 BY WD ncccsncddscdessenses 22.6 | 16.2 | 13.6 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 1.85 | 1.34 | 1.15 | 1.07 1.08 VUNG 1D... acvcddvhssece uvere 22.0 | 15.9 | 13.7 | 12.4 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 1.85 | 1.33 | 1.16 | 1.12 1.09 Statistics of Sorghum for Sirup and of Tea. 577 SORGHUM FOR SIRUP. TasBLEe 183.—Sorghum, for sirup: Acreage, production, and value, by States, 1917 and | 918. : Average Acreage Yield per | Production of | farm price | Payyavaiue AS le acre, (000 rsittid) per gallon (000 0 mitted) State. . Dec. 1. . 1918 1917 | 1918} 1917} 1918 1917 | 1918 | 1917 1918 1917 Cts. | Cts. | Dollars. | Dollars. be 2 na be 2 a” 5 i) 5 Vir: ree ---| 10,000 4,000 92 88 105 88 966 310 West Virginia en alp © 5; 400 4,900 85 94 120 94 551 433 North Carolina.....-..| 44,000] 37,000] 95] 92 Ce ee PG 2, 655 » South Carolina........ 8, 500 8, 600 80 86 97 76 660 562 Chi a? Sane oe 14,000 | 12,000 91 96 89 73 1,134 841 MigniGiHw ssn sest IMs =. 200 200] 120] 142 24 28 87 72 21 20 OUT ae ee 6, 000 4,000 67 86 402 344 140 103 563 354 dridhanaees ss. ove. 12, 000 6, 700 75 83 900 556} 140] 101 1, 260 562 WU CS 9, 600 8,900 80 85 768 756 | 140 95 1,075 718 WWISGONSIN 5.6 scans 2,300 1, 800 70 65 161 117 | 140} 105 225 123 Minnesota........-...- 1, 500 1,200} 103 87 154 104} 145] 107 223 lll Rit 5 oe ae 4,000} 2,500} 80] 95 320 238 | 135| 97 432 231 IMissniniewcs2 52243. -2- 21,600} 20,000} 70] 967 1,512] 1,920! 115] 82] 1,739 1, 574 Webrasks; = -.22..-.5 3,000 200 70 84 210 17} 125 90 262 1 FEATINGG! oe ace cts nies 10, 000 7,000 47 78 470 546 | 108 84 508 459 WECRUUGIY. we swseenss ee 33,200 | 35,000 85 2, 822 3,150 | 114 80 3,217 2, 520 MMBYIMO@RSPA =. 522 a oes 22,500 | 25,000 92 105 2,070 2,625 88 69 1, 822 1,811 Wiabamia.. ..<.258-... 123, 200 | 192, 000 77 88 9,486 | 16,896 75 60 7, 114 10, 138 MESSISSID DI. ~~ .2.:....- 8,400 | 10,400 80 | 108 672 1, 123 71 52 477 Louisiana...........-. 400 86} 120 52 48"; 90 60 47 29 JS ae a 8, 800 8, 600 52 70 458 602 95 73 435 439 Oklahoma.....:'...=-.. 7, 600 7, 600 33 85 251 646 94 74 236 478 Amke@nsas.is......2.2-. 16,000 | 17,000 60 95 960 1,615 95 66 912 1, 066 Widest cs. cs. ns 5 200 200 96 | 160 19 82 96 70 18 Motalte.. <2.c.2. 372, 600 | 415,200 | 78.4 | 90.3 | 29,224 | 37,472 | 95.9 | 69.5 | 28,035 | 26,055 THA. TABLE 184.— Tea: International trade, calendar years 1909-1917. [(‘‘Tea” includes tea leaves only and excludes dust, sweepings, and yerba maté. See “General note,”’ Table 93. J EXPORTS. [000 omitted.] Average,| 1916 1917 Average,| 1916 1917 Country. 1909- pre- (pre- Country. 1909- (pre- (pre- 1913. .) | lim.) 1913. lim.) | lim.) / ! From— From— | Pounds, | Pounds. | Pownds. Pounds. | Pounds, Pounds. iBritisheindisw. sc. s6-<=: 267: S87 sl scasaccei ee xeon. BPADscacgwinretiacwees 35,823 | 46,273 |....---. OL ee SUPE pee eae TROCOIG [ei tac ee asc. « Singanores 2. 2-6 <- «44-5 O24) ES Sere Glelar' SU Ae Sees ae 197, nn 204, 672 | 149,342 || Other couutries........ a Pee — = Mute Mastindies.. <2) 46675*\22.. 14 ..]-0s. <5. | HionngOsa © 22>. 12 +-.'23 23; 640 26,110 | 26, 169 Rotel. 2c .. satcaae | 770, 604 | heen acc thawsantts 0 SSE SS SSS |) ee ee, ee ee eee 98911°—yBxK 1918—41 578 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TEA—Continued. TaBLE 184.—Tea: International trade, calendar years 1909-1917—Continued. ~~ IMPORTS. Z lAverage,| 1916 1917 Country. 1909- (pre- | 1913. lim.) Into— Pounds. Canada. Singapore .....-- Chile. - United Kingdom.. United States. ..-. ae Other countries...-.... TaBLeE 185.—Tea: Wholesale price per pound, on New York market, 1913-1918. | : = Foochow, fair | Formosa, fine | Japan, pan- | India, orange | Ceylon, orange to fine. to choice. fired. pekoe. gaia, . . = < | eS RR (a a ee ee as ee Cts. | «-e--| LO | Od -----}| LO] DD ]-----| 206 | OU [-----] 2O | DUi.-.as ecoee, BU J Whesaee] S22 | BU facees] GU GD fecces] GU Giiswaee ——_ || wcoee] QUE OWe...--) Shi BU [oe e-+] OF | BO ieeees| BUF GUi.-c.s mRaone —— | I | | RRRRRE S| SSSSSS) S| SS & Statistics of Coffee. 579 COFFEE. TABLE 186.—Coffee: International trade, calendar years 1909-1917. [The item of coffee comprises unhulled and hulled, roasted, ground, or otherwise peace, but imitation or “‘surrogate’’ coffee and chicory are excluded. See “General note,”’ Table 93.] EXPORTS. [000 omitted. ] Average 1916 / 1917 Average 1916 1917 Country. 1909-1913. | (prelim.) (prelim.) Country. 1909-1913. | (prelim.) | (prelim.) From— From- Sey Pounds. | Pounds. Belen. 22.52.25. 12 O20") ee res Nes ss 2 Netherlands........ cel Dit oS dh RR ae i 672? 282 |1, 724, 741 | 1,402,787 || Nicaragua.......... Ce SE PA RS 7 2 6 Ea) (ee eae calvadiy ee eae Colombia..........| 10433 epee alee 2 oan Singapore.......... Costa Rica......... 277 313 Dipole tac ans aca United States! Dutch East Indies Th Se a eee enone Venezuela.......... Guatemala......... ‘UC i nae a pe Bis Rae heaps Other countries... - TS a ee ee Ct: iy SSS yee pee ——__ —_— J a Dee keene se lwataee sc Lotal 7... -= 2,008,347 Yeon. Joccs LS . eee MIGSICU. octan st ee oa Sly pee el Pree scene | IMPORTS Into— Into— Argentinsy....-.222- 285125" | "SZ, 830) | icone cee Norway stictsteaess 29, 309 53,211 32,901 mie oe tee Pa AR Seel Goer 1h ie 26,073 1 sae pis seek” 1H Ue Sool a ed ee Singapore.......... (3) Bias See? | eee eee British § South Africa 26; 445 *"98, 905 29,944 |] Spain. ............. 29,316 *"36, 210 40,185 a ia ass eS |e Beh tee ot a ae (C20 DS ee | ee eee DSGMAEr KC on o2 oon BeOS! loa weno ae A es Switzerland........ 25, 029 BG SSG so eakic a nee MpyOb..coesccceess 15, 654 16, 640 “15, 843 || United Kingdom.. 28, 581 BO, O28 oe. 2. ee int ee 28, 624 G5 SRR Nas awicisie:e’s United States...... 907, 899 |1,166, 888 | 1,286, 524 (yer: eh ie i 245,752 | 337,308 |.......... Other countries... 11S Sy ai eR | a eee Germany..........| 399,965 |..........]. peace tea _—$—<_—$_$_} = Ree tne. - 2 = te 58,278 | 107,948 98, 830 Total sc... <=. rE Ys eee See Ses Pn eae Netheriaias Bote eteomigt 283,633 | 196,238 |.......... Chiefly from Porto Rico. Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. 580 *“SIGI-SI6I ‘s]aysDUL SUDAILQ May puD YLOX many ay) uo punod sad anud ajpsaoy 44 :2affoQ— LET ATAV “‘penaydopj—AaAOO 6 eeeres) Ho 1 BO |eeeeee IT ye ween T T we ewee 9% % we ewee fez £1z rtd 6 cw L eee wwe wee wee 1990790 (PR becaibeys Ge aR errs It ) ills sae I 1 ) yl | a8 ha hi 7 ce I a CE RR ne ae Os le ee te ae requieydeg esac 6 cae tele OL Le 1 eee Peele Om | See 1 7 ae ee ee te OE: Ireroe Serr te tof Cee hse a +a fae aed Weed MR oe Pec Hl Sat D2 a pad =” SS Mien ce RS ke ale ed PS: GV) hea be 7 ‘Spee aga S. ) rt a — _F>5pb E__________ Fe _______ hf 5 eel ale a a 34 Mt KL) ae a 7) Ue fe 3.4 Sl baie Bee Ge We te ec er {01 | 1: al edamatieis SOT 86" “Pe ouny—"Uer ae eee or lt lon alow: ae re ee o | elo ze | on lo or lie foo . Pe eee -eune BE cee sea | S00 Hea Clos Deir. 1: [ae eo 5 Nese’ oo ae rad iy ieee CL a hoy ml MON je ee Re ‘ae ea Ott | eG. ees A ie a 3 | eae 2 er ce ee OG mete 1827 75 ca Jaen hese Bd he pasa es ilk ae [aaa aaa oon Vv Barviges =. 3 is ee a we) eel a aa ‘jek | ed one aha en 9 id Vega Tt ROT Ape ONG Greate te Areniqeg 1 eel ape 10, 0 Geek BL: aprenenterrc #1 alge LS roel ah (ca OS Hime te "Or Doe UA Baga: (ana agi ee : ‘ ~--"Aaenuese bi 9 ____ | ______ ______ | __} ______\ |__} ____} |, ______j | _____j _______ ide a ae: Dl Beate? ea has 4 ae pr a eee Bike) foe | ist [7-77 *° LD a heh i, Bie eibeiabaas tat Ty oeq-Aqne i ter tee a i cree it 11h haar Br Re | eer ed 4 uel (ia VT Seen ay ah a NT be 2 aed (iat oO ied Neate ge cg ounf—ues ; 4 “9161 aD tea BS 20. olf asse » cel Aime fst) a ees pall WOE 2 ied ay ake (diel Wea, eee ae CO Nag oe Fae as 6 AN chee s Se a ere oeq-Ajne is a BO fide gle ccs "Ws a, ay ok in EL dia 1 Si Newt ae OB), Fe. ¥6 i gue" WS] 2 TS ee CIS ey Nea or 0 Tas NEN 9 a ai LNG wees Seg ae Goats 2a) Sm a ie, ay eres is i RS ARTE ooq- OSU ATE pet. is 2g iene Ib 2 i 2 ee a Le Niete ts BE BOL s\ses: OF) WE) 323" a Sa bilataee f0* 5) 28. ln 22 Oe ee ieee See “requie08q : 6 pee ile a eke sa [ih Ry I (0) eal pea a Ten | 20L ele} 1 Tazae 3325 ROT WRETSS AGs ea 565 hee: Col Sagi FORRES Goes Sos JOqULOAON 582 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. OIL CAKE AND OIL-CAKE MEAL. TABLE 188.—Oil cake and oil-cake meal: International trade, calendar years 1909-1917. (The class called here “oil cake and oil-cake meal” includes the edible cake and meal remaining after mak- ing oil from such products as cotton seed, flaxseed, peanuts, corn, etc. See “‘ General note,’’ Tab’e 93.] EXPORTS. [000 omitted.] Average, 1916 1917 Average. 1916 1917 Country. 1909-1913. | (prelim.)| (prelim.) Country. 1909-1913, | (prelim.) | (prelim.) From— Pounds Pounds. | Pounds. Argentina.......... A ee ee ee ae 32, 453 Austria-Hungary... 4, 873 |. 22. nceeleescneses- | MOXICO.:.5...5.0.2.19 | 30, /Oe one nS Beloit. is. oosan ce DAG. | mwa naabonlacences pee pot: ll PER = VE a ee British India......- nT el Beene a age tae 1,453, 160,630 |... .-.-... oe Ege ae ee 18, 309 || United Kingdom...| 161,798 pe Be Be ce Chins 22 cee 149,199 || United States...... 1, 704, 124 |1, 951, 125 DGRMATK: . Sasso] AORN ee owen cee leaeae ates Other countries. ... , 814 Rigo hc 181, 434 _——___— RYGHCO. «cn oaccenae 476,863 | 248,495 |......-... Total. . ......|5,681, 538 Germany. ......... B2ay1GS |ocsesueses| once ae eer IMPORTS. Into— Into— Alastria-Hangarys..| ¢.03,673|||222s.c200e|foassescsc Japan ..b doc. sccesen ~ 180,863 |. 144,847 [oc uas.. Baelviams.. 2.350. aed ese eeett Gxeeanenee Netherlands........ 707,116 | 461,341 |...0...... Cannds. . 3.352.222 7, 752 14, 730 2,348 || Norway...-.---.... 55, 11 74, 68, 544 TIE as ae 1,002; d20' | 427,177 |ecen cose. Sweden. ...-.0..... 946, 754 acc ee 3 ses aoe = o,n Dutch East Indies.. 8, COO ls cous cman eosetumcer Switzerland........ 69, 352 58;447-| 2 cceees.es WHAM 6.256 on oe DIGGS ons ocue -t | emcees United Kingdom...| 790,865 | 636,126 |.......... MEANCG: 3823405 ee 288, 968 5100 ase ae Other countries... ..|' 31,767" | [22 svocee emeeaabene PORN - 5 aos s aan PGs Ce 1 Bee ee Es aes SO | EGY - seo PS So | 10, 550 885 28 OGL. 2. = =-|5s 812002: |... <.00 1,175 1,135 1,039 |} United Kingdom....... 7,782 A 7 A) CCU eS ae oe LY) Ea SS eee Other countries........ THOT: Lac tonsataste ce cane BOIREMIBTIUG wes dws ena n e's GBOR Ne See eealh tee etic nee ———— Me iiss oes one aem od 940 754 702 owls e. a pea ik ee ee ne Netherlands............ 3,998 [ie rege ae 584 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. INDIA RUBBER. TABLE 191.—India rubber: International trade, calendar years 1909-1917. {Figures for india rubber include “india rubber,” so called, and caoutchouc, caucho, jebe (Peru) ico), borracha, massaranduba, mangabeira, manicoba, sorva, and seringa (Brazil), gomelastick (Duteh East Indies), caura, ser nambi (Venezuela). ee ‘‘ General note,’”’ Table 93.) hule (Mex- EXPORTS. [000 omitted.) ee 1 Oe Country. 1909 (pre- ‘ 1913, | “m-) From— Pounds. | Pounds. AUIS G5 26 hae a= 5 «ee 9, 620) 2. =<. eal Sica cf) SOT AN os opeen ce 3 oc Ae Beigium Kongo........ 15100. A Swat to an alo kanees [ MGKICOce. 5 tue. > - cae Belgium ..............- 20, 140s ecicss|ocacette= || INDEDGDINOS on coed. am OM = waren ere 8, B90) | owen h cn colo. pea Al eee eee ae ee Bradio-) 3. se ee 938 | 69,433 | 74,912 || Senegal................ Ceysde a2 Ge ee eee 10, 90S! |< nn'n<.- nna] aeemccwe th SRO EONBS cusec lle eee > Dutch East Indies..... GU esi: sSo0] 22. CCL ree tae eee Benader 26.2225 = 1,040 837 |.-.---.- ||{ Negri Sembilan........ ETM Sie ce a ow ae ne 21,615 6; 357 | oc. ce sen: || MCU ee eee aee eee French Guiana......... 3,00 | cc aesees| see tes Rpinaror. o.3 2s cae ebee French Kongo...-..-:- RET il hee Yee epee o> Kee, ot Venerudias... 325055558 Germany .5...<.-5.-.4:| “9,844 bo ssc 7 Lcd] od ep Oia cotminiog= cae IMPORTS. Into— / Into— } Austria-Hungary....... US] Persea eniey lamer Russia. poo sos esee near 17; 808 s.eee > . Deeg. ose ee DopSOUANS oS Be ae United Kingdom....... 50,08 Tisse ces Canada: . 5255 2. ed 3,945 | 986,797 | 13,641 || United States.......... 0,090 | 405, 633 ; ararige +. oS. se see 32,704 | 39,122 |........ Other countries. ..25..| 12,424) cease cee . Gerifintiy 3. %22.-4 assy ASE oc eal eee } iC eS a eek? 11,728 | 13,508) otal... .....,]/ 302, 31001) Netherlands.......:... 4 4 4 { Statistics of Silk. 585 SILK. TaB LE 192.—Production of raw silk in undermentioned countries, 19138-1917. [Estimates of the Silk Merchants’ Union of Lyons, France.} Country. 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 Western Europe: Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. LL a SES cee, ee 7,304,000 | 8,950,000 7,963,000 | 6,217,034 ic ES I A ree 772, 000 893, 000 485, 000 451, 948 lpia SUE it 2) 2 re 181, 000 161, 000 198, 000 154, 323 Li eee, ees Be ae > 331, 000 388, 000 187, 000 187, 393 DU oc SS Seem Ser CRS iene 271, 000 278, 000 143, 000 143, 300 121 OE Se ...-.| 9,359,000 | 10,670,000 8,976,000 | 7,153,998 Levant and Central Asia: Broussa and Anatolia.................- 1,025, 000 761, 000 386, 000 RMA U DEUS s¢ codices ccc maser c+ 1, 080, 000 948,000}... 772,000} | 772,000'}............ Other Provinces of Asiatic Turkey..... 298, 000 242,000} 143,000} 143,000 |...2........ Markey in Marope. .-..... scene ee 187, 000 132,000} 66,000} 66,000 |............ Sal Ge PO aUSS AT Hs . GES RE) AB Oe ae ee Ee ae a a ee i EE an ieee Balkan States (Bulgaria, Serbia, and LOL SST Tf) SO ie ES 5 ee eee eae 298, 000 386,000} 220,000} 220,000 |............ Greece, Saloniki,! and Crete........... 408, 000 309,000 | 243,000} 243,000 j............ PAAR Bato cise Casco e bs oases sete 849, 000 794,000} 276,000] 276,000 |............ PERRI (OXDOItS)- = |< J. = cont sc lecahe 463, 000 SUG ko OON Ty") 0, QU ben cate ok Turkestan (exports) ............0c0000- 496, 000 137, 0004) my 110,000; 5 5110; 000: |. 5225632; Coc 3d a Ae Se 5,104,000 | 3,935,000 Far East: China— Exports from Shanghai............ 12,709,000 | 9,116,000 | 12,037,000 10, 251, 492 - Exports from Canton.............. 6,063,000 | 4,233,000 | 4,068,000 5, 081, 654 apan— : Exports from Yokohama.......... 26, 720,000 | 20,922,000 | 26, 466,000 34, 061, 410 British India— , Exports from Bengal and Cashmere 249, 000 75, 000 192, 000 231, 485 Indo-China— ; Exports from Saigon, Haiphong, ee ee eee 26, 000 35, 000 29, 000 11,023 TGA eae eR Ss re 45, 767,000 | 34,381,000 | 42,792, 000 49, 637, 064 2 Teag eT eee 2a 60, 230,000 | 48,986,000 | 52,172,000 56, 647, 000 | 59, 083, 869 1 Prior to 1913 Turkey in Europe included the Vilayet of Saloniki, which now belongs to Greece. TasxeE 193.— Total production of raw silk in countries mentioned in Table 192, 1900-1917. Year Production. |) Year Year. | Production. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. 1900... bish cesses air 40, 724, 000 |) 1906............... SATU, COU LOE ao cis els nwedaes 59, 447, 000 (1) Sj ia AP S08 OOO) 1907 acc cselkaos- 0 48, 634,000 |] 1913.........-...-. 60, 230, 000 72 ee ea 41, 368, 000 || 1908.......-....... §3, 087, 000 |] 1914............... 48, 986, 000 Bed ccna m- 2 S95O81 0005], 1900 Fe cnn cececar ase 54, 035, 000 |] 1915............... 52, 172, 000 eee ABS TED. DOC) 1O1O. 6.0 5a gewen a's 54, 002,000 |] 1916 .........5.5... 56, 647, 000 reese >...) AD 619,000 || 1911... -.- ss... 54, 167,000 || 1917 (prelimiaary).| 59, 083, 869 586 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. WOOD PULP. TABLE 194.— Wood pulp: International trade, calendar years 1909-1917. [All kinds of pulp from wood have been taken for this item, but no pulp made from other fibrous sub- stances. See ‘‘General note, » Table 93. J EXPORTS. [000 omitted.] 2 Average, 1916 1917 A 1916 1917 Country. 1909-1913. | (prelim.) | (prelim.) Country. (prelim.) | (prelim.) From— Pounds. | Pounds. | Pounds. From— Pounds. | Pounds. Austria-Hungary... 205,364] 223,139 |........... Sweden..... ceduieod 1, 822, 023. | -seocacusd Peeaces wa 2 80, CM PR) ery Switzerland........ 13, 072 TA IGLE hetexiec ns 606, 203 |1, 117,796 | 1,023,607 || United States...... 24, 309 80, 046 ai; ed 236, S81 if ° 222,189 | 552... 2 Ade Other countries....| °75,486 |..........). oe See ss| . SQ4S90O:] x... og seabed oo cecal _——— '1, 437, 078 1,522,991 | 891, 897 Total swtuss. 4, 938,507 | ool... SONTBoAN os ceae a eee IMPORTS. Into— Into— Argentina. ......... 52, 016 AQ TSS 'I.5 ces Cee WEOSRIAS Sra anngaeee 56,072 | 234,553 |.......... : Austria-Hungary...) 13,366 |......-..-|-...-..--- Spaiiorer. coo 92,770 151, 124 73, 712 alptaim’. . J o2-250e" p32 Yl Soe Bete SSAA DWOOGH Coc. sccae 9, on en eS ere Dermmark [55 -<2-22= GWU e's Et Sel SSS SCE Se Switzerland........ 21,0 25, 204. bisact an %- Wrance: ==: t.22260o2 836,899 | 798,674 |.-.---.... United Kingdom...}1, 891) 008 ie 474,054 |.......... Germany.......... 192; 6600 = tae a ee United States...... 1,007, 239 |1) 367, 529 | 1,355, 480 Maly ins 2. 3.252552 179,267 | 144,333 43,320 || Other countries....} — 85, 052 Gapant.. ..1-Cet WO; 200} P2827 leet a gon Porthpal sods: sso Mt ee a eee SS Totals. cccen | a LIVE STOCK, 1918. FARM ANIMALS AND THEIR PRODUCTS. TABLE 195.—Live stock in principal and other countries. gale census or other official figures available, with comparison for earlier years. Census returns are in italics; other official figures are in roman type.) PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES. Date. Cattle. aa Swine. | Sheep. | Goats. | Horses.| Mules. Asses. Thou- Thou- United States: sand. | sand. OnWarms.....:-. Jan. 1,1919 4,925} (1) Jan. 1,1918 4,873 | (1) Jan. 1,1917 4,639 (4) Jan. 1,1916 4,593 (@) Jan. 1,1915 4,479| (1) Apr. 15,1910 4,210 | 106 Not on farms.....]--.-- doxes5> 270 | 17 Alaska (on farms and not on farms)....... Jan. 1,1910 (3) (8) Hawaii (on farms and not on farms).......- Apr. 15,1910 9) 3 Porto Rico (on farms and not on farms)...|-..-- Go. case 6 ' 1 Virgin Islands: On farms..... Nov. 1,1917 2 1 Not on farms.....}....- dae one (3) (*) AIPA eck th - faeee oe Dec. 31, 1912, 192 271 Sept., 1910 192 276 Sept., 1905 174 278 Sept., 1900 147 263 Sept., 1895 142 287 Argentina.............| Jume 1, 1914 : 565 260 May 1,1908 | 29, 4 7 465 285 May, 1895 a 7. 285 198 T5BS8: "21, 808 |2 2.52" f 417 JAI iT fae ge ee Dee. Sl, 1916 | 10) Abe |22---2-| 007 | wenooe |-..=2-.-| 2,441 |.....2..- fem. 2 ee Dee. 31,1915 Ge baech es ac 48 Dec. “Sl, 19145) 1,05! |.~--2--.}. ) 862.) 78,600 ]........ 0). ue) Dec. 31,1910 | 11,745 |........ 5 Dec. 31,1905} 8,528 |.....-.- 1) () Dec. 31) 19004158; 640 1}... 5 oa 1 1 Dec. 31} 1805" (SUL; 767 ‘0... «2 thes 1 1 A ES 1890 SOO TE ons eee 1 1 ae aly tt enueary: IAMSTTIS. ..6cicsdee Dec. 31,1910 21 53 Dec. 31; 1900 20 46 Dec. 31. 1890 17 41 Dee. 31,1880 50 en eary 2. . 1.28... Apr., «1913 1 16 Heb. 28,1911 1 | 18 Nov. 20, 1895 22 ‘ 1884 23 Croatia-Slavonia..| Mar. 24,1911 3 Dec. 31,1895 1 2 Bosnia - Herzego- | Oci. 10 vina. ig Nov. 10 1910 2] 6 Apr 22\ 1305 1 5 IGN sc hota a ac tae ns Dar ri 1913 Lal REA () _f...6...s Dé, $1;1910"| 1, 880:|...4-.-% 1,494 185 218 317 11 Mec, SU TSO? Ty fBlel eke oe 1, 163 236 241 872 7 Deg; 91,3680") 7, 389:|....52.2 646 365) () ee| @) T @ BG. ede ee 1916 28, 962 17,329 | 7,205] 6,920] 6,965 3, 222 1912-13 30, 705 18,399 | 10,653 | 10.049 | 7,289 38, 208 Bulgaria.............. Dec. 31,1910 | 1,603 | 4165 7| 8,632] 1,459| 47 i2 117 Dec. 31,1905 | 1,696 77 #85 8, 131 1, 584 538 12 128 Dec. 31,1900| 1,596 1 7,015} 1, 495 9 104 Dec. 31,1892 | 1,426 6,868 | 1,264 344 8 | 1 No official statistics. 2 Reindeer. 8 Less than 500, * Dec. 31, 1913. 588 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TaBLE 195.—Live stock in principal and other countries—Continued. PRINCIRAL COUNTRIES—Continued. een Pry | June 30,1918 rye 8s a June 30,1917] 7,920 |........ June 30,1916 June 30,1915 | 6,066 |........ June 1,1011 | F b98 1 on on on June 30,1901 | 6,576 |....-.-. 1891 S81 |S Ib | k cos Denmark... ..-... ---@ Feb. 20,1918 | 2,142 |......21 Feo.” 1, 1917 |S: 59 1222 Feb, 29,1916 | 9,290 }......-. May 15,1915 | 2,417 }........ July 15,1914 | 2,463 |......-. July 15,1909 | 2,254 ]....-.... July 15,1903 | 1,840 |....-..-. July 15,1898 | 1,745 |......-. Winkand <<. Dec, 31,1916 | 1,343 1 328 3 109 | 1,572 Dec, 31,1915 | 1,388 1 333 3 97| 1,580} (i 1 Dee, 31,1914 1, 387 i 8a 3 95} 1,579 : 1 Dec, 31,1913 | 1,389] (2 ” 910 3 89 | 1,582 i 1 Dee. 31,1910 | 1,384 I 279 3 92] 1,565 1 1 Dee, 31,1905 | 1,168 ! 228 4 72| 1,368 1 1 Dec. 31,1900 | 1,261 I 181 2 60 | 1,542 ! 1 Chosen (Korea)...| Dec, 31,1915 | 1,354 1 (ay eee 14 65:1. «anu 13 | Dec. 31,1914 | 1,338 i 1g eS one 12 8B} cuenuan 14 Dec, 31, 1913 1, 211 fi WG) levewtevee 10 3 ere 13 / Dec. 31/1910} '704] 1 566 |..... it 7 40} @) | @ Formosa(Taiwan).'| Dec. 31, 1916 2 385 | 1,295 7 118 c Peerrery (rier P ec, 31,1915 2 397 1,319 7 117 7 ooccccselsécusmen Dec, 31,1914 2 398 1,313 7 125 7 occccdvelecccsece Dee. 31,1905 | (8) 341} 1,01 7 108 pee SS Fee PEIOD 2.5 so wna obsess June 30,1908 | 6,148 |.....6.. 61 3,424 1 4,206 1 No official statistics, 4 Including Army horses. 7 Less than 500, 2 Reindeer. 6 Including young buffaloes. : * Excludes invaded area, 6 Not including young buffaloes, Statistics of Farm Animals and Their Products. 589 Taste 195.—Live stock in principal.and other countries—Continued. PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES—Continued. Swine. | Sheep. | Goats. | Horses.| Mules. | Asses. Netherlands.........- Apr. 11,1917] 2,304 |.------- 1, 185 521] (1) (1 1) 0) By, 1985. te 3, 390) fo S- 1, 487 @) () (1) 1) 1 Sno, 3005) [> 2,000 15 2 ---- 1,350 842 232 334 Ri (i May 19190 | 21927 |-------- 1, 260 889 224 227 Q () . June 20 Dec. 31,1904] 1,601 |......-- 862 607 166 295 (1) () Dec. 31,1900} 1,656 |..------ 747 771 180 295 | (1) 1) Dac. st1sKhl, 53a, |. ose 579 819 165 273 | (1) 3 New Zealand....----- Jan. 31,1918] 2,888 |...----- 258 | 26,538 |..--..-- LE ee Tees Jan. 31,1017 | 2,503 |...-.--- PM os ee LS Bek Aeon eye lee Jan. 31,1916} 2,417 |...----- 298 | 24,788 17 371 © @ Apr. -1,1911) 2£;020\..------ SUE Nes ce 6 404 2 2) Age, $0 1918 |. 222.) -- 700) o-m- 254- oo Fie ao Sane Ss BS ep eee! Beenie Apr. 30,1905 |......-.|-.------]-------- 19, TSE (oes 2c-| 3 saan oo ad -- chen dnal oe Oct., 190607 $0800 fc oat VE eee | oeee 327 Atom 30; LOD0M ee 22-2} 22 a Belgium.........-.-- hv al a er SL ee nines «aantanke ae rag). sete Auless 24 ,251 | 108,763 78,030 |) Singapore....-....- ed ee | 2 ae British India....... TT REN A escententnnl ies e082 as = aS 17,457] 11,119 11, 054 BUOME Cas nee ace » 46) 36, 000 34,000 |] Sweden........-.... St ee er Fie ay shoes toch os 72,751 65, 522 67,614 || Switzerland......-.. 22, 866 6, O7645. 00s «. Chosen (Korea). . -. RA et ie al as wecinie wien Union of South 1 ee poe 5S CaN RE aE Africa..........-- 50,937 | 58,387 47, 005 Denmark.......... UA Sc ware tphlickan oy || United Kingdom...| 38,100 |..........]... Giitcn« nen, Hast Indies |. 16,208. |. vw awwesea|iwewewenes || United States... ... 25, 432 14, 668 11, 332 RY Dis wating bes anys 10, 754 SOMA eae, da It Uxrigubee: Joc Uk... TA TOE den cceuscndOl Acacia LE Ac Re mes 131, 042 Ot? || Venezuela:......... eee eet Cee Germany.... 1b yes | re RE ee Other countries: «. | * 295, 888: |. ... 2 ....<]b 000.20. Italy..... -| 48,427 7,010 (29 7 Ta oe Mexico...... DR CTT a Bees Total. ....... CER oe See Netherlands. ..... GayGnOi! = 9B; 19ddlen ns: / | 592 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TaBLe 196.—Hides and skins: International trade, calendar years 1909-1917—Contd. IMPORTS. (000 omitted.] Average 1916 1917 Average 1917 Country. ——_| 999-1913. |(Prelim.)| (Prelim.) Countsy. .| (Prelim.) | (Prelim.) Into— Into— Pounds. | Pounds. | Pounds Austria-Hungary...) 87,568 |..........|-...-...... NOLrWAy--. «<= sat 22 5,435 Belstam. 2s. -s. 22. 80, SL Ie Baer ae [OR iat Beg Se Portugal. ....-.5.-| — 6/808 | > 2oeec ae ne British India.....-. yy fl eer at Maen Se Roumania.......%-[ © 1,225" |. 2oee coe er Canndacs 23) 22.22 -4 46, 820 47,135 31,872 || Russia......-0-s.e-| THOS1a2 | ae Deniigrh. 523.25. 9/842 4.2 Gusees su Sedeeecs ee ingapore...-.c:...| 9/382 |-seseunceni ene Ly: eS ee 10,717 6,204 154.205 24.41 PG: Ge ass bore 21, 736 25,497 EF ONOG 5 tomes a 3 ee 155, 508 ies A) lp ee Sweden....../...23| 25,662 |b .t erate Germany........-- 44051969, _.< sect donee cte. United Kingdom... 182, 915 Ite. 22, «2 GrO00G 5. ou as «- 4 kee Be ev Oi ate eee a) - See tee United States. ...-.. 726, 671 RtGly>:. pts ~ 0. donee 53, 523 78, 006 39, 867 || Other countries....) 54,398 |.........JULl.u1. Wap tos J5e8 cerned 6, 3214 |". PLO AOL | ok eee ee Netherlands.......-| 73,691] 13,075 |........... Total..2+.: ..|1, 950/52. |2.52.geeen ee Tasie 197.— Meat and meat products: International trade, calendar years 1911-1917, EXPORTS. , (Figures for 1914-1917, inclusive, are subject to revision.] Exporting country and clas- Average, sification. 1911-1913. 1914 1915 1916. Argentina: Pounds Pounds. Pounds Pounds. eet t2 un ee ee 940, 299, 000 939, 809, 000 915,072,000 | 1,059, 051,000 AG ot] On, anos Te 148, 457, 000 129, 384, 000 , 250, 000 113, 136, 000 Porks,. Basie 5. Ree 9, 000 779, 000 2,304. 000 3,381,000 Other. occ. nace te tee eee as 84, 694, 000 80, 284, 000 111, 031, 000 150) 534° 000 Dotalii th lelyes wST uk, 1,173,459, 000 | 1,150, 256,000 | 1,105, 657,000 | 1,326, 102, 000 Australia: 1 Peel LIBS... ee 301, 882, 000 419, 326, 000 146, 863, 000 307, 545, 000 pei 0): eee SED BT 149, 958, 000 193, 264, 000 38,344, 000 66, 813, 000 Pork e2 ee ee 6, 294, 000 2,755, 000 902, 060 720, Other 22 ib ser eee 49, 009, 000 71, 266, 000 | 18, 431, 000 33, 472, 000 otal: i233) Se: SA 507, 143, 000 ued lett 000 | ~ 204,540, 000° 410, 550, 000 Belgium Le CRS Seen eccinly Santee 1, 577, 000 ||. .n.cvencec swine] sw cuwesens cee ooe]acn ahteaisenn nnn POE Te oF S 16, 254,000 | oc oc nc cee eects sviepuecemnn eck aap wpe ite een Other le ries Me 100; 226, 000 [oon faces cleat a] amen can are oom erellaobsee oie micuee teen Pobalety 7, See fe Aas 1275057; 000 |e < cc accuwcue 6c|at.c4 amen ncwesin Gilet 6 ann anweeiet, Canada he TN tee tea Soke Ate Ses aes ' 6, 448, 000 19, 039, 000 30, 695, 000 46, » 000 hin 2a: Se aie Sea 9 ys 48, 000 1, 056, 000 83, 000 88, 000 inmaansds pa eae cri rise 47,694, 000 80, 168, 000 156, 556, 000 211, 16° 000 OLLI Ss cdee cet sent tcettca, 6. 051, 000 9, 818, 000 16, 361, 000 10: 735, 000 POtal SG i i ere oe 60, 241, 000 110, 081, 000 203, 695, 000 268, 718, 000 China: x | ES Pee eS 8, 787,000 18, 538, 000 15,151, 000 40, 800, 000 Put oisaasadbcvebobun wes on 7,679, 000 11, 308, 000 12, 785, 000 14, 066, 000 oie eS. Se ee 48, 218, 000 25, 256, 000 31, 302, 000 46, 227,000 fe UE PPS SS eS ae ae 64, 684, 000 55, 102, 000 59, 238, 000 101, 093, 000 Denmark Oe Ae Bel snd tieliwbnkelbaews «0 83,485; 000 | ds oe ce dbiic dels] oc de edeweees sec Uuwiten aaa Dee nT sacphake MOT nu cwvastdatadewen 344, 000 aM Siededeccccvuc[suuwecvdsuusucaisadekane seu Ge 0a TEE ~ one So SE ape Oy yo BE BO7, 174, COO ies. cccccceccwelewsuwes catwnceuteneeiael seeunee ee ddvskesk ea r,t press Ai 4) Sy eens |. nop ss+edeussd{igedgnna dsc haeaeeaan ay Rotel cocci. iaiitabekt) 967, 276,000 |..0.....-.e0000 ye eee eee eee eee eee eee eee Cee eee ee ee ee ee es | i Year beginning July 1, 1914; and subsequently. Statistics of Farm Animals and Their Products. 593 [Taste 197.— Meat and meat products: International trade, calendar years 1911-1917— Continued. EXPORTS—Continued. Exporting country and clas- Average E oation. 91 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. Netherlands Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pemenmeer 1* ee 08 5 | o> S48 718 000) Ki nAAO ENS, O00) 5 << cones pore ob nnn ee a rite 5 ie ee 19, 894, 000 rT ON fil aa a A ee ec Ih a eA eee 196,420, 000: |" 144.550, 000:)..........---2-|---2-28ec82- on 0 Ee poicsse stone: 16, 212, 000 Dag role nk ten ls 2 ch entities Sa ar CoB ey STC | es arr EEE EE Se BRS Te eee ee Than eecee Se enlleee eaee 125,530,000 | 146,851,000 62720. Ot eet. On eked Seale 280,324,000 | 302,218,000} 251,245,000 |...-.......... bien wiso: 28k ocemewes's = oss 5, 000 1, 363, 000 5 2e 7 A) eR ES» (nt =o i aS 10,738, 000 15,019,000! 12,833,000 |... 22222222. a ee 417,197,000 | 465,451,000 | 327,977,000 |..........-... Baie see ats ea be. anus 39, 767, 000 57, 737, 000 > S s ae oO=laaSSS| __OENNaG—QG5—0@aaaaaaae _ 27,595,000 | 22,415,000} 19,551,000] 10,790,000 |.......-...... 15,820,000} 12,759,000| 13,842,000] 10,886,000 |.....-..--..-- 73,810,.00 | 101,917,000 | 89,917,000 | 59,331,000 |... . 2-222... KS —_— S| | J eee ee 117,225,000 | 137,091,000 | 123,310,000 SE. 007,000 |... ogee os United States Eneaty a WoL. susal 2: See ae 213, 722, 000 534,766,000} 391,442,000 | 401,923,000 Miri => aon 4,146, 000 4, 231, 000 5, 258. 000 2, 857, 000 Lo en 1, 019, 561, 000 1,371, 100,000 | 1, 453,966,000 | 1,300,415, 000 ON ERE ear | , 830, 000 19, 491, 000 , 869, 000 TT) SS en ae 1,951, 927,000 | 1,870,157,000 | 1, 731,064,000 Other countries | bos Bade aes 11,615, ‘000 eee a ee loss cacoscapacehoeecrceeenece 0 a ee FAG OON o> 2 22 28 Pi mm ce nnn - I, See, ee aS Dh i ae 15, 566, 000 28 ak ~ Page (Ee OOS eae Rae A ae] GEE, *: Ne ee aire esos es 2 e004: ORD ts < ccs. Ses eonewtoh se. 5G 2a, Pe er ee | eee 87621000 |v 222 .ecs.- ee See aera: by jute ook = All countries ff a a7 “a Re ecko eu ne ne 000) e220 Ai. es 2 i. epee ere Pera, 5 Lae Bibi he S25 ose ce ty CR5 ONO: todas Baer specs PSPS Sater Ee oS ae | F685, 292,000' |. 15-0 98s... Loa a: ae SbeckNaa de Ges5s Cees As ae iiwpeseerS ooese202ssee25 547; O43; 000) 5 =2 223s 2 framers Ze a ei pels; +. 00058 8.5: GOO LEE, GOD) (2250-55... VR) NE oa MebeGussck sass ees ee 1 For 1916, exports over European frontier only. 98911°—yBk 1918———42 594 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TaBLe 197.— Meat and meat products: International trade, calendar years 1911-1917— Continued. IMPORTS. Importing country and clas- Average, sification. 1911-1913. a9%8. 1916, 1917. Austria-Hungary: Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds. TS See BE eee eee 12,983,000 |v00. 25 0c85... JOSS... bs ccs ot ores ee Pork oc}. Se aaa ee 14,338,000 Jiu. sec.ts....2/Qo0. 210.22... .5| 20a Ca Other. 32 Se oo Ae 21,948,000 |i. o. 2 cid. e050. 02. = 3] 2d ooo ere Total. dec soccts avcodeesed 49, 269, O00 |o22 2225 ee ewe soe ee tes 2S 2S ab) = = Saale mae ee ee Belgium DAT ee On ee coe 6,034,000 |.........220.08)- 000.252 .2s nec|-- co 0aes poe Pork... See a 225239000 [0-2-1 Lobe ce OOS. 2008. 5. | Ober. =... 4. ..cer. 1 ce 150,854,000 |i... os. ee a] eo a. LSU a a Potal. ....0n. Ave. Dik 17/420, 000) |seu2bs dee thie 2 » == conte ae | arene Ie Brazil: Botfc ssusiaeisseree: 47,990, 000 9,116; 000: |ococsen ook See]... 2.5 cael ee ee 2 ee Benguet Rae ie 5, 103, 000 4,962, 000%)|- 2.052.222... 1 LOSS here ee eee eee 920, 000 A or Peer ee Wital,..< e822 cok 54, 013, 000 14,581, 000) Jos. Suz 42_.. 24 |. an aoe ee Canada: fi eee = ed, om Sie | 3,091, 000 3, 532, 000 5, 623, 000 9,783, 000 19, 434, 000 Miutton.4o ico seo sesat 4,717, 000 4,194, 000 2,906, 000 2,786, 000 2,008, 000 Otkvasers detest cates 29, 189, 000 13, 001, 000 25, 279, 000 94, 113, 000 128, 067, 000 Othor:*>.:) Spe Oe oF 21.2 6, 330, 000 4, 212, 000 3, 870, 000 42, 494,000 28, 985, 000 otal. + sa Ces Seek 43,327,000 24,939,000 | 37,678,000} 149,176,000 | 178,494,000 Cuba: Pete ss. Se Sb 28 37,822, 000 27,760, 000 22, 655, 000 42,271,000 |. dedetec en. 5 Mitton BE 8,991, 000 67.41 606, 111,000 1, 276,060 87.14 111, 222,000 ISS sss cctiveci esses ese 9, 222, 000 66. 39 612, 273,000 | 1,310,000 85.15 111, 546,000 ISA. . oo ee 9, 334, 000 65.15 608,073,000 | 1,339,000 81.35 108, 953, 000 Wig ee eae 9, 504, 000 61.10 580,708,000 | 1,394, 71.89 100, 197, 000 19765 52-22 ee 9,935,000 57. 29 557,747,000 | 1,414,000 66. 46 94,001,000 IS cue cccces see eee 10, 155,000 55. 83 567,017,000 | 1,444,000 64. 07 92, 482, 000 IGiS seas eras a ee ed ee 10, 330, 000 56. 63 584,999,000 | 1,638,000 62.03 101, 579, 000 WB codon Sots eee ene 10, 939, 000 52. 36 572,712,000 1,713, 000 56. 00 95, 942, 000 WW sscse esc d Aen 11, 202, 000 54.75 613,297,000 | 1,730,000 61. 26 105, 948, 000 1880, census, June 1....-.-- LO S67 {RBS : Soo aa soon tous nttetone 1,812,808 |... .ccsccec)s aueteeeenes cs a pet ee eT eae 11, 430, 000 58. 44 667,954,000 | 1,721,000 69.79 120, 096, 000 p{ al ae 2 ae 10, 522,000 58. 53 615, 825,000 | 1,835,000 71.35 130, 945, 000 jit Oe SR he. ee ee 10, 838, 000 70. 59 765,041,000 | 1,871,000 79.49 148, 732, 000 ch, Coe See Bt fe ee Be 11, 170,000 74. 64 833,734,000 | 1,914,000 84, 22 7 215,000 pt ee he eee 11, 565, 000 73.70 852, 283,000 | 1,973,000 82. 38 162,497,000 (eb ee... 3 ee 12,078,000 71.27 860, 823,000 | 2,053,000 79. 60 163, 381,000 | SE or eee oe eee 12, 497, 000 72.15 901,686,000 | 2,117,000 78.91 167,058, 000 |) Ey hee a eS eee eo 13, 173, 000 71. 82 946,096,000 | 2,192,000 79.78 174, 854, 000 poo, | Ele I et hee RE | 13, 663, 000 71.89 932,195,000 | 2,258,000 79. 49 179, 444,000 TBs sas etecnn esas asde eee 14, 214, 000 68. 84 978,517,000 | 2,331,000 78.25 182,394,000 1890, census, June 1.....--- 14; 969; 4B Nn wadoece aloe ncacueueee se $, 296,688 |... ccccwnclénncusmeeeeees 18085. se ee ee 14, 057,000 67.00 941,823,000 | 2,297,000 77.88 178, 847,000 TG os ate an ttuadescece ee 15, 498, 000 65.01 1, 007,594,000 | 2,315,000 75.55 174, 882, 000 pf. Tr ee en eed a 16, 207,000 61. 22 992,225,000 | 2,331,000 70. 68 164, 764, 000 1SGE Fook Son pn eeneenee 16, 081, 000 47.83 769,225,000 | 2,352,000 62.17 146, 233, 000 pC a 2S ee Bee 15, 893, 000 36. 29 576,731,000 | 2,333,000 47,55 110, 928, 000 WO ssavbsd os schinhictasenne 15, 124,000 33. 07 500, 140,000 | 2,279,000 45, 29 103, 204, 000 Be aS SE | ee es 14, 365, 000 31. 51 452,649,000 | 2,216,000 41. 66 , 302, WAR Sees os eee Gd 13, 961, 000 34. 26 478, 362,000 | 2,190,000] 43.88] 96, 110,000 Wb ithddediesncsrssstichslu 13, 665, 000 37.40 511,075,000 | 2,134,000 44.96 , 963, jo As, i et sae ee reg 13, 538, 000 44. 61 603,969,000 | 2,086,000 53. 55 111, 717, 000 1900, census, Fume l.ccacec| 18, 287;020 ocecsscculeudwammeanenaeen 3,904,016 |. cccctoukaleusueaee aesnvly | fF ae a ee bi 16,745,000 | 52.86] 885,200,000} 2,964,000| 63.97 183,232,000 “7 ences oi 16,531,000 | 58.61] — 968,935,000 | 2;757,000| 67.61} 186,412,000 oC a eee a eee 16, 557, 000 62.25 | 1,030,706,000 | 2,728,000 72.49 197,753,000 MORE chs odisncs-seacsates 16,736,000 | 67.93 | 1,136,940,000 | 2)753;000} 78.88] 217,533,000 1 Se Saar ae eee Te 17,058, 000 70. 37 1, 200,310,000 | 2,889,000 87.18 251, 840, 000 es ES Sree 18,719,000 | 80.72 | 1,510,890,000 | 3,404,000] 98.31 | 334,681,000 Lia kadshawebnddactacanhe 19, 747,000 93. 51 1, 846, 578, 000 3,817,000 112. 16 428, 000 Maint dabesadcnwankess 19, 992, 000 93. 41 1, 867, 530,000 | 3,869,000 107.76 416, 939, 000 ao snide: 20, 640, 000 95.64 | 1,974,052,000 | 4/053;000 84 082,000 DUE tkhdatakeaews eats Si, Gp O00: linaanckstnelvebeuvacahe recae 4, 128,000 [. wsecanasclantsunenanenas 1910, census, Apr. 15.....-.. 19,833,113 | 108.03 | 2,142,524,000 | 4,209,769 20 | 506, 049, 000 Seen ide duane csaseaavccases 20, 277,000 111.46 | 2,259,981,000 | 4,323,000 125. 92 544, 359, 000 Dp eedebaceacnccucacccencesce 20, 509, 000 105. 04 2, 172, 694, 000 4, 362,000 120. 51 525, 657,000 SORaNweccssscneaenosnene 20, 567, 000 110.77 | 2,278,222,000 | 4,386,000 124. 31 545, 245, 000 Picchvitssacssauscsuadés 20, 962, 109.32 | 2,291,638,000 | 4,449,000 123. 85 551,017,000 Deibvondins poabccaceevususes 21, 195,000 103. 33 | 2,190, 102,000 | 4,479,000 112. 36 503, 271, 000 Deeb anceccevaveasevaccsnes 21, 159, 000 101.60 | 2,149,786,000 | 4,593,000 113. 83 522, 834,000 SEI soe acasusasuctdhpis 21,210,000 | 102.89 | 2, 182,307,000} 4,723,000} 118.15 | 558,006,000 DUE nndns ccccasuvascessecnh 21,555,000 104.24 | 2,246,970,000 | 4,873,000 128. 81 627, Santee Peeibsaccncassauseounusés 21, 534, 000 98.48 | 2,120,709,000 | 4,925,000 135. 59 667, 767,000 1 Estimates of numbers revised, based on census data. | Statistics of Farm Animals and Their Products. HORSES AND MULES—Continued. ~ vo 97 TaBLE 199.—Horses and mules: Number and value on farms Jan. 1, 1918 and 1919, by States. Horses. Mules. Numpber Farm value Number Average Farm value Average State. (thousands) |price per head| (thousands of bens price per head Cfdoliage) Jan. 1— Jan. 1— dollars) Jan. 1— Jan. 1— Jan. 1— Jan. 1— 1919 | 1918 | 1919 1918 1919 1918 1919/1918} 1919 1918 1919 1918 Maine..... se eeet 107] 108/$154.00|$163.00} 16,478) 17,604|.....|.....|2...-c.|-.----.|-.----- [apes New Hampshire. 42 43] 145.00} 151.00 6, 090 My AuSlep abel neo basw'e ele see Seee- -| no cae Weenmiont......-.. 88 BBP E30. 00h LAS, 00) 912, 28D, Ol ite auial wow |w sees ae |-w ei -eale sees. | cob Massachusetts... 54 57| 157.00] 163.00 8,478 DFO lin, sal ao aek een enh sscbolecss oes ares Rhode Island... . 8 8} 159.00) 155. 00 1, 272 be 240). aad cee [sina Sl-nkt-eal- cee s-- |. se gt Connecticut...... 44 45] 164.00] 161.00 7, 216 Oe PAD ied oooh Waal Cw a) wens eon oie New York.......} 578) 590) 139.00) 145.00) 80,342) 85,550 6 6,$139. 00/$159. 00 834 954 New Jersey...... 89 90) 143.00] 153.00) 12,727; 13,770 4 4! 167.00] 174.00 668 696 Pennsylvania....) 578} 590} 124.00) 126.00) 71,672) 74,340) 48) 48) 129.00) 138. Delaware. ..-..... 35 36) 92.00} 87.00 3, 220 3, 132 6 6} 122.00) 115.00 732 690 Maryland.......- 171; 171} 104.00] 102.00} 17,784) 17,442) 25} 25) 133.00) 124.00} 3,325) 3,100 Virginia..... -----| 369] 365] 109.00} 104.00) 40,221) 37,960} 66) 65) 138.00} 128.00) 9,108) 8,320 West Virginia....| 194} 196] 101.00] 106.00) 19,594} 20,776] 12] 12} 115.00] 116.00) 1,380) 1,392 North Carolina... 181} 187] 146.00) 140.00} 26,426) 26,180) 208) 210) 176.00) 167.00) 36, 608) 35,070 South Carolina... 82 80} 180.00) 156.00} 14,760) 12,480) 194) 185) 206.00) 192.00) 39,964) 35,520 Georein...-.:.--- 131] 130] 156.00] 145.00} 20,436] 18,850} 344] 334) 200.00] 181.00) 68, 800) 60, 454 Lito tC a 62 62) 129.00) 127.00 7,998 7,874| 35) 34) 177.00) 172.00) 6,195) 5,848 (Oe See 891} 900] 107.00) 112.00} 95,337; 100,800) 28) 27) 117.00) 118.00} 3,276) 3,186 (ei: 829; 837] 103.00} 105.00) 85,387) 87,885) 94] 95) 125.00] 119.00) 11,750) 11,305 MUTBOI. 2555.5 1, 467| 1,467} 100.00] 103.00} 146,700) 151,101) 147} 150) 125.00) 120.00) 18,375) 18,000 Michivan=<->. 2... 666} 673] 105.00} 118.00} 69,930) 79,414 4 4} 106.00) 119.00 424 476 Wisconsin........| 694! 708} 109.00] 117.00} 75,646] 82,836 3 3} 111.00} 117.00 333 351 Minnesota........) 950) 950} 98.00) 105.00} 93,100} 99,750 6 6} 110.00} 111.00 660 666 NOME Soccevest es 1,567| 1,583] 95.00} 104.00] 148,865] 164,632} 68] 69] 113.00] 116.00] 7,684] 8, 004 Missouri... ....... 1,040) 1,040) 92.00) 97.00; 95,680) 100,880) 374) 367! 116.00) 113.00) 43,384) 41,471 North Dakota....) 850} $42} 93.00] 102.00] 79,050] 85,884) 9] 9} 107.00] 121.00 963 1,089 South Dakota....| 827] 811] 80.00} 95.00] 66,160] 77,045, 16] 16] 99.00] 109.00] 1,584] 1,744 Nebraska. ....... 1,049] 1,049] 87.00} 101.00} 91,263} 105,949) 109] 118] 109.00] 113.00) 11,881] 13,334 Weansage. ..-.3- 1,153] 1,142| 94.00} 104.00} 108,382} 118,768} 260) 280] 114.00} 118.00} 29, 640} 33, 040 Kentucky........ 439) 443) 104.00) 101.00; 45,656) 44,743) 231) 224) 127.00) 122.00) 29, 337) 27,328 Tennessee.......- 357] 350] 116.00] 109.00] 41,412} 38,150) 278] 273] 140.00} 131.00) 38, 920) 35, 763 Alabama......... 5 .00} 116.00] 19,840} 17,748] 304 289] 157.00] 141.00] 47,728) 40, 749 Mississippi 100.00} 28,928 300} 316} 307| 139.00] 124.00] 43, 924| 38, 068 Louisiana........ 93.00; 20,661) 19,251] 164] 156] 145.00] 135.00] 23, 780] 21, 060 Tie a 77.00} 90,792! 93,324} 792! 808] 115.00! 107.00) 91, 080] 86,456 Oklahoma.......| | 744/ 737] 83.00} 94.00] 61,752] 69,278] 288] 280) 110.00} 114.00] 31, 680! 31,920 IAMERUSAS. cc cce= 267} 272) 93.00) 97.00) 24,831) 26,384) 315) 292) 123.00) 125.00) 38,745] 36, 500 Montana......... 557) 505) 84.00} 98.00) 46,788} 49,588 5 5} 99.00) 105.00 495) 525 Wyoming........ 230) 215) 77.00} 82.00) 17,710} 17,630 4 4} 105. 00) 104. 00) 424 416 Colorado......... 419} 399) 91.00) 97.00) 38,129} 38,703) 31 30) 107.00) 108.00) 3,317) 3,240 New Mexico.....| 261) 272] 62.00} 62.00} 16,182) 16,864) 20) 19) 92.00} 89.00) 1,840) 1,691 OBO wc 'c pc's'e o0:0 136} 135} 71.00) 71.00 9, 656) 9, 585 9 9} 112.00} 108.00) 1, 008) 972 | Oy 148} = =145) 83.00) 89.00) 12,284 12, 905 2 2} 78.00} 82.00 156 164 Neovada.......... 75 75) 62.00) 77.00 4, 650 5, 775 3 3} 72.00) 80.00 216 240 Idaho. Rail dies ia s'e yore 276} 265) 89.00} 99.00} 24,564) 26, 235 4 4; 98.00} 105.00 392) 420 Washington...... 303} 300) 92.00} 108.00) 27,876} 32,400) 20; 19) 108.00) 117.00} 2,160) 2,223 Oregon... Bist 'a a etarace 303} 300) 89.00} 98.00) 26,967) 29,400) 10} 10) 93.00) 102.00 930} 1,020 California........ 435} 468) 91.00) 98.00) 39,585] 45,864) 63) 66] 125.00} 115.00) 7,875) 7,590 United States. ./21, 534)21, 555) 98.48} 104. 24/2, 120, 709|2, 246, 970/4, 925/4, 873| 135.59] 128. 81/667, 767 627, 679 598 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. HORSES AND MULES—Continued. TaBLE 200.—Prices of horses and mules at St. Louis, 1900-1918. Horses good to | Mules 16 to 164 Horses good to | Mules 16 to 164 choice, draft. hands. choice, draft. hands. Yearand month. Year and month. Low. | High. | Low. | High. | Low. | High. | Low. 1900 5c saet== BS $140.00 |$190.00 | $90.00 | $150.00 1917. FONT 5. es eeceeee 150.00 | 175.00 | 110.00 | 165.00 jj July............. $160.00 |$250.00 |$175.00 | $275.00 100822. s2encee ve 160.00 | 185.00 | 120.00 | 160.00 |} August.......... 150.00 | 235.00 | 175.00 ; cL 1 ES Bed 8 oh 160.00 | 185.00 | 120.00 | 175.00 || September...... 160.00 | 220.00 | 200.00 | 275.00 WOES a taccateshe 175.00 | 200.00 | 135.00 | 200.00 |} October.........] 160.00 | 220.00 | 200.00 | 280.00 1006 3 da cubes 175.00 | 225.00 | 120.00 | 210.00 || November....... 160.00 | 220.00 | 190.00 | 260.00 1908 atc epee 175.00 | 225.00 | 125.00 | 215.00 || December-....... | 160.00 | 220.00 | 200.00 | 265.00 pl ees 175.00 | 225.00 | 125.00 | 250.00 — ih! eee 175.00 | 250.00 | 125.00 | 200 Year, 1917. 165.00 | 245.00 | 172.00 | 272.00 iD eee ee ee 140.00 | 225.00 | 130.00 | 225.00 itl eerste 165.00 | 240.00 | 150.00 | 275.00 1918 tt ee ee pe 165.00 | 235.00 | 150 00 | 275,00 |; January......... 200.00 | 200.00 | 265.00 ty es 165.00 | 240.00 | 160.00 | 285.00 || February........ 220.00 | 225.00 | 290.00 1913. dsc ccctec 200.00 | 250.00 | 160.00 | 280.00 |) March........... 235.00 | 225.00 | 310.00 [2 oe 175.00 | 220.00 | 120.00 | 250.00 |} April............ 255.00 | 200.00 | 290.00 CC), Sy ae 160.00 | 225.00 | 120.00 | 275.00 BY. Saad oat bee 250.00 | 200.00 | 300.00 1916.0... 21,8" 3° 150.00 | 225.00 | 135.00 | 275.00 || June............. 280.00 | 200.00 | 325.00 : SRY. Soc otect ce 280.00 | 200.00 | 325.00 1917. AtraSsES + 2s bu 280.00 | 200.00 | 325.00 Bc a ee eee 150.00 | 240.00 | 150.00 | 275.00 |} September 280.00 | 200.00 | 325.00 February.......- 160.00 | 250.00 | 150.00 | 270.00 || October......... / 280.00 | 200.00 | 325.00 Maren 1. 160.00 | 260.00 | 150.00 | 270.00 || November....... 185.00 | 180.00 | 300.00 fy a ee 190.00 | 270.00 | 150.00 | 270.00 || December....... 160.00 | 180.00 | 300.00 mye. tes 52.02 190.00 | 285.00 | 150.00 | 270.00 ej es RNS 175.00 | 265.00 | 175.00 | 275.00 | Year,1918. 199.00 | 242.00 | 201.00 | 307.00 TasLE 201.—Horses: Farm price per head, 15th of month, 1910-1918. ; 1918 1917 1916 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 JOA. SR SEL Es qoeees | $130 $129 $128 $130 $137 $140 $134 $143 $140 Li Ae ED RS Ese! Rey 133 131 129 132 139 146 13 144 147 MY .J5 222... os shascta- te 137 133 131 132 138 146 140 145 Apr Ost eee Pot ee 137 136 133 132 138 148 142 147 154 May 38.10 25022 01224). Resvees 136 138 134 133 139 145 144 146 148 tine Th Siete een ee 135 137 132 132 136 146 145 145 151 JOy 15. sacs. ile ES. 132 135 133 134 137 143 142 139 148 ph Me ee oe, | ae. Fe 131 132 131 131 135 141 142 141 148 Sept 15s 8 cht. eee te 128 132 131 131 132 141 141 139 145 OG, dB. orho3. te hewwbetetes 126 130 130 129 131 138 140 137 144 NOV bit as ood. Hos RE 122 129 129 127 130 136 139 136. 143 Statistics of Farm Animals and Their Products. 599 HORSES AND MULES—Continued. Tape 202.—Average price per head for horses on the Chicago horse market, 1902-1918. Carriage 7 "1 | Cavalry | Southern Year and month. Drafters. | “teams, | Drivers. General. horees? | chunks. 101? Dee eeeae er CESS San ee $166. 00 $151.00 $57.00 RR a nn dingnann mace ane 171.00 156. 00 62. 00 Li ay RS a SEE eee eer 177.00 160. 00 64. 00 1), RE Bape A es Se eee 186. 172. 00 70. 00 OA elit she Sd poe SS Ee 188. 00 174. 00 72. 50 Pn tenes tence boss sd ecm o's 194.00 172. 00 77.50 LEE ke Se Se er eee ee 189. 00 164. 00 69. 00 Ot pe, SESE loge Eee Sera 194. 00 172. 00 77.00 (i os | ae er 200. 00 177.00 87.00 SS SSS See et a ae Chae nt oat 205. 00 190. 00 92. 00 CR SA ae eee omen 210. 00 195. 00 97.00 LUM ES Ochs SAS BE ee oe 213. 00 189. 00 98. 00 US Se Se Gece ee eacarse 208. 00 184. 00 93. 00 eee go Sa saan poe =. 205. 00 179. 00 88. 00 it Ses aes ee oon 252. 00 124. 00 109. 00 1917 IEP tee toe oo eat 205. 00 180. 00 90. 00 ROA WIIBE Ves cas os ante ese es - 215. 00 195. 00 90. 00 UE ee noe 225. 00 200.00} — 100.00 Hitt ee eels oat a ai aa a atone Se 220. 00 200. 00 105. CO i ee Aa eo 225. 00 195. 00 95. 00 VN aE eS) aS SB ee oe 220. 00 195. 00 100. 00 ye ee ee ee 210. 00 190. 00 95. 00 pen eseeate- + 1 S222 2- ts 210. 00 190. 00 90. 00 Panpemi pare ses 25s o22s- ses fae 205. 00 185. 00 90. 00 MICUOMON act ooo 3. se esate eos = 200. 00 175. 00 90. 00 Mroyeripere se 2.525 23-0222 22 200. 00 175. 00 85. 00 Lice tl See a ee 205. 00 170. 00 90. 00 / rn | as | | | MAGAESL OL 5. o.oo woes se 212.00 188. 00 93. 00 1918 hg ae SR Oe ey ser ANS UE Bol 5 ee EE SE Sine ST ne | et tee) mec eee ae IGWRIAE Vor be. 252---24-5 2. ae AAR AC 8 og agit Lay | = eR | ER RE, Ps eer i a oe ae ee ee SOLE EAE a OS GRE BO) a ees japxe sone ty So eee oe ee ae ee UU Ee PE | 2 RR Rp) SE Set pata led Ee See: FU care oe Bie "SORT eS RPS Paras ban shoe Jot Se ee ee ee ee 2G Wat LS ORSON a, ee Se A CR ae emma e ee Je ARE ES ISS ee ner 2A UN Ib S, Seecden A aS 5 = El |S BS a ER! RE STAY jlesenp Sate REPS eee seit = wn ao we ee a oe AAP, a | EE a Sy SE Pk Egy Se re Sree ee ee Pectermipeno sso s<22- 24-52-22" 4 PAN RTT)4 Lomein, ce = Kapaa apt ine ae, > i MS A Piet AeNutr ia fee > = > “ SlHlzal/SlHle/a/H/4/Sl/a] <4 1913 Jen =Tone ss. 2-25-2605 $5.65/$9. 85|$7. 81/$4. 65)$7. 65 $5. 92/$8. 00 $9. 25/$9. 05)$4. 75/$9. 00). .... 22 Gary DOC tae cx csapeves 5.00/10. 25) 8.14) 4.50) 7.00) 6.02) 8.50,10.00) 9.07) 4.50/10.00)..... 64 6.60} 9.75] 8.24) 5.35) 7.25) 6.16] 8.65) 9.50) 9.02) 5.20) 9.40)..... 23 5.4011.75] 8.99) 4.65) 7.25) 5.27) 9.30/11.10/10. 24) 4.50)11.35)..... 04 5.30/10.15] 7.96) 4.85) 7.00) 5.90) 7.00/10.00| 8.06) 6.00) 9.75 $7.51) 6.50) 9.35) 8.05 5.75,11.50| 8.44) 4.00) 7.00) 5.32) 8.60)10.50) 9.56) 5.50)10.35, 8.21) 8.90)10.10) 9.05 6.90/11.50| 9.04! 5.25] 9.50) 6.96) 6.50/10.50| 8.20 6.90/11.50, 8.84) 7.20111.00] 8.97 6.50.13. 25| 9. 43) 5.50] 9.00) 6.79] 8.00)11.50| 9.59; 6.00|12.00) 9.51) 8. 25/11.50| 9.88 5.75,11.95) 8.97) 6.00/10. 25] 8. ai 10.75/10. 38) 6.50/11. 25) 8.90/10. 00)11. 50/10. 80 -| 6.60.12. 25] 9.36] 6.00/11. 25] 8.4910. 00)11. 00 10. 53| 6.50/12.00) 9. 26 10. 25)11. 50/10. 88 6. 25/12. 90] 9.71) 6.50/11. 25) 8.82/10. 25)11. 25/10. 67} 6.50\11. 50) 8. 96 10. 25)12. 50)11.57 7.65/13. 40/10. 71] 7.00/11. 75] 9.37|10. 25)11. 50/10. 81] 6.50/12. 00 10. 00)11. 35/13. 05/12. 27 8. 25)13. 70/11. 25} 7.50}12.50) 9.90/10. 25/12. 25,11. 11] 9.00/13. 40,10. 99 11. 25,13. 35/12. 53 7.90/13. 90/10. 97] 7.50/12. 85)10. 14,11. 00)12. 25 11. 64} 9.00/13. 75 11.58 12. 25)13. 85/13. 04 Jan.-June....... 5. 7513. 90|10. 16] 6.00/12. 85] 9. 14/10. 00/12. 25/10. 86| 6.50 are 9.95 10. 00/13. 85/11. 85 idly! ak Fe 6.50/14. 15,10.58| 6.50\12. 25| 9.38/11. 25/13. 7512. 11| 9. 75/13. 90 11. 65 12. 25/14. 00/13. 09 eT ee a eae 6. 15/16. 50|11. 12} 6. 50)13. 00) 9. 52/11. 25)14.00)12. 51] 9. 75/16. 00 12. 06/12. 50|15. 55/13. 75 Seprember_-.-.-. -5*-5! 6. 25/17. 90)12. 23) 6. 50)14. 50) 9. 69/11. 75/15. 50/13. 64/10. 00 17.00 15. 18/13. 00/17. 00 14. 96 Fn ae 6. 50|17. 60/12. 06] 6.00/14. 00] 9. 88/12. 75/15. 50/14. 36 10. 00,16. 50 14. 85 15.00/16. 50|15. 82 November ............ 6. 50/17. 60/11. 53] 6.00)13. 35) 9. 64/10. 50/16. 50/13. 51/10. 00/16. 50 13. 28/14. 00/16. 75)14. 81 December............-- 6. 65/16. 00/11. 01] 5.00/13. 50] 9. 64/10.00 so 49] 9. 25 14.7018 22,11. 50}15. 00 13. 20 July—Dec........ 6. 15,17. 90/11. 42) 5, 00/14. 50} 9. 62/10. 00/16. 50 13.10) 9. 25)17. 00,13. 21,11. 5017. 00)14. 27 1918, Jatiniry ce. 8. ape se 8.25/14. 25/11. 42} 6. 50/13.00] 9.85/11. 25 we . 77/10. 00/14. 00/11. 64 February........2..... 9. 00/14. 25|11. 75] 7.00|12. 50) 9. 86|11. 25/13. 75 75/10. 85,10. 00/13. 40 11.91 March? .p22.So-.2-202 9. 50|14. 65,12. 19] 7. 50/13. 50/10. 38|11. 25]14. 25) . 22/10. 75/14. 10 12. 51 yt a OS ae 11. 00) 17. 60 14. 08] 8. 00/16. 00/11. 59)10. 50/15. 75, 50,12. 74) 12. 25/17. 40,15. 48 Wilts ies ce ae eh css 12.00/17. 75)15. 42} 9. 00|17.00)12. 80)12. 00)16. 00) .65/13.37/16. 50) 17. 75/17. 13 Ji beaten eee 12. 50/18. 6016. 67] 8.00/17. 00/12. 56/12. 00/16. 00 8. 25 13. 52/17. 00)18..25)17. 47 Jan.-June....... 8.25/18. 60 13.59) 6.50 17.00 11.17/10. 50)16.00 18. 25 12. 08|10. 00/18. 25 14.36 tS a SOPRA rere 16. 40|18. 65/17. 51| 7.50/17. 00 12. 19|11. 00/16. 75, 15. 61,15. 25|18. 40,17.30 TL Se ee '17.00}19. 70 18. 04] 7. 50/17. 00 12. 08/11. 00)17. 50 5. 68,15. 00/18. 40/16. 89 September............. ‘16. 50)19. 60)18. 34] 7. 50/16. 75 12. 12/11. 00)17. 50 5.96/15. 00/19. 00 17.15 MN cancins chances 15. 00)19. 75) 17. 65) 6.50/16. 75/10. 88/11. 00/17. 50 6.02/15. 25/19. 00/17. 01 November ............ 15. 25/19. 75,17. 68} 6.00/16. 50,10.97| 9.00/17. 00) .00|19. 25,16. 06/15. 25) 18. 50/16. 88 December...........-.. \15. ne 18.18} 6. 50/16. 50/11. 50} 9. 25/20. eae 13. 00/19. 25 16. 21/14. 75 18. 50)16. 74 July-Dec........ 15. 00 20. 5017.90} 6.00/17.00 11.62} 9.00/20. 50/14. 27/13. 00/19. 60/15. 92/14. 75) 19. 00/17. 00 Statistics of Farm Animals and Their Products. 605 CATTLE—Continued. TaBie 209.—Beef cattle: Farm price per 100 pounds, 15th of month, 1910-1918. 1918 1917 1916 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 $8.33 | $6.86) $5.85] $5.99 | $6.04] $5.40) $4.46] $4.58) $4.71 8.55] 7.36] 5.99] 5.93] 6.16] 5.55] 4.61] 4.57] 4.64 8.85] 7.91] 6.37| 5.92] 6.28] 5.88] 4.75] 4.66] 4.87 9.73| 8.57| 6.66| 5.96] 6.29| 6.08] 5.15| 4.67] 5.31 10.38} 8.70] 6.73| 6.13] 6.33] 6.01| 5.36] 4.59] 5.23 10.40| 8.65] 6.91] 6.20] 6.32] 6.02] 5.23] 4.43] 5.20 10.07| 8.30] 6.78} 6.07| 6.38] 5.98| 5.17] 4.28] 4.84 9.71} 8.17] 6.51| 6.18] 6.47] 5.91| ° 5.37] 4.30] 4.64 9.63] 8.40| 6.55| 6.06] 6.38] 5.92] 5.35] 4.43] 4.65 9.33] 8.35| 6.37] 6.04] 6.23| 6.05| 5.36] 4.32] 4.64 9.14| 8.21] 6.44] 5.85| 6.02| 5.99| 5.22] 4.36] 4.48 9.28} 8.24] 6.56] 5.75) 6.01} 5.96] 5.33| 4.37] 4.45 TasLe 210.—Milch cows: Farm price per head, 15th of month, 1910-1918. | Date. 1918 | 1917 | 1916 | 1915 | 1914 | 1913 | 1912 | 1911 | 1910 | ee $76.54 | $63.92 | $57.79 | $58.47 | $57.99 | $49.51 | $42.89 | $44.70 | $41.18 ee eee 78.36} 65.93| 57.99] 57.99] 59.09] 51.42| 43.40] 44.48 | 40.35 HE, ee ele ieee ane 80.71} 68.46] 59.51] 58.00] 59.23| 54.02] 44.09} 45.42| 41.75 Apr. Se a eas 82.45 | 72.09] 60.68] 57.78 | 59-60| 55.34] 45.14] 44.81 | 42.22 UTS fae SS gy 84.11] 72-78| 60.98} 58.29] 59.85| 54.80] 45.63] 44.54| 42.38 a ae 84.74| 72.87] 61.63] 58.59| 59.82] 55.20] 45.84] 43.86] 43.46 7 Ta Sen eee 84.97 | 72.81| 62.04] 60.31] 59.67| 54.80] 45.41] 42.44 | 42.86 (ETS a re 84.06 | 72.53] 61.32] 58.34| 60.72] 54.78] 46.11] 42.26] 42.77 eee 85.21] 73-93| 61.41] 58.38] 59.58] 55.78 | 46.79] 42.22 | 42.68 Te eee ie 85.41] 75.79| 62.19] 58.76] 59.53| 56.47] 47.30} 42.69] 43.20 a ee ee 84.51] 75.00] 62.67] 57.35| 58.77| 57.71] 47.38] 42.70] 43.34 ae eee 85.78 | 76-16| 63.18] 56.79 | 58.23) 57.19 | 48.62] 42.72] 43.41 TaBLe 211.—Veal calves: Farm price per 100 pounds, 15th of month, 1910-1918. Date. 1918 | 1917 | 1916 | 1915 | 1914 | 1913 | 1912 | 1911 | 1910 |e rn a a. $11.16 | $9.15 | $7.67} $7.66) $7.89 $7.06) $6.06) $6.50) $6.41 bt eee ae 11.17] 9.88] 7.87] 7.62] 7-90] 7.23] 6.07] 6.38] 6.28 Mar, 15......- ie See 11.33] 9.94] 8.11] 7.50| 7.92] 7.49] 6.11| 6.48] 6.59 Apr. Se ee eee eae 11.71] 10.49] 8.00} 7.31] 7.68] 7.38] 6.22] 5.96] 6.54 Ve. ee ee ae 11.62] 10.48] 8.08] 7.35| 7.59] 7.17] 6.23] 5.68] 6.30 Eo ae ee 11.88] 10.60} 8.39] 7.53] 7.69] 7.53} 6.33] 5.72| 6.57 eee Boyes 08 ot 339-1 25 2.2 12.33 | 10.77 8.54 7.87 7.80 7.46 6.33 5.74 6.37 EE ee ee 12.22] 10.56] 8.59] 7.75| 8.08] 7.53] 6.62] 5.93] 6.29 Pepi eres. 222.12) 22-6 65% ~-2 12.57) 11.08} 8.77} 7.80] 8.06] 7.73] 6.83} 6.1L] 6.43 “lS ee 12.35] 11.10] 8.59| 7.91| 7.97] 7.72] 6.90] 6.15] 6.41 Sy eae ee 11.94] 10.66] 8.60] 7.69] 7.78] 7.70] 6.77] 6.10] 6.39 \, RDS See 12.31| 10.98} 8.79] 7.61] 7.61] 7.74] 6.88] 5.98] 6.38 606 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. BUTTER AND EGGS. TABLE 212.—Butter: Wholesale price per pound, 1913-1918. Milwaukee, New York, creamery, extra.) creamery, extra.| creamery, extra.| creamery, extra. serece| OU | OUD |-e-eee| £0 | OOF [eee eee) LD | OIF [ewe cce cerees| OU | OD [wee eee| £0 | OF [nwneee| LUG | OOF |...2-- worece| 295 | OO jee eee] L0G | OF [n-ne e-e| 44 | ODO |....-2 welt ee teen te So ~ a BRESRE me Rw i S ~ ~1 FEESRS onSs8M REESE Onwoour leit | S| Shs 40 | 494 44.4 | 443154 | 49.0] 40 | 49 | 44.3 3 424 | 44 | 41.8| 46 | 47 | 46.5 | 424 | 43} | 43.0 44.8 454 1 43} | 464 | 47.5 | 47 | 484 | 47.6 454 | 44.3 46.0 47 1 463 | 595 | 54.4 | 484 | 63 | 55.7 | 464 | 59 | 53.6 55.4 60 6 -| 55 | 58 | 58.3] 584 | 61 | 59.7 58 | 56.2 58.8 60 0 ‘| 58 | 664 | 61.6 | 595 | 674 | 63.4 a4 op 60.0 62.9 64 3 66 | 674 | 60.7 | 674 | 71 | 70.5 64.6 69.0 67 6 a|seerss|t| snes ~ E a $ to 424 | 658 | ~ to - oa ae) oe o — a ~I _ co bel to EE Ee, Statistics of Farm Animals and Their Products. 607 BUTTER AND EGGS—Continued. TasLe 213.—Butter: Average price received by farmers on 1st of each month, by States 1918, and United States 1909-1917. Butter, cents per pound. e b ; PY State and year. {4 Bb ; 3 . z 8 E P 77 g & E g BIEldls és #13 |e | 2 oO =F 3 3S ° a 4 Fa ficient 1 Bri mele 1.6.) woop Maine fetter So. 2. pos 48 45 48 46 47 45 48 48 50 55 55 New Hampshire......-..-.- 50 51 52 49 48 49 49 50 55 60 60 MGMIONL MEE Sate fet. ok bene oe 50 50 51 47 48 46 49 50 56 59 Massachusetts..........-.-- 48 51 52 49 48 48 49 50 56 61 R era sei cee. 49 52 51 51 51 UE ie 50 56 58 63 Oonnectlentss:-2s222--.25-. 51 51 53 50 50 51 52 52 53 59 60 Ly hg 48 50 49 47 46 46 46 49 56 58 60 INE WrdCNSA yee erccrs sk ee 51 52 51 49 47 49 50 51 55 61 Pennsylvania =: 5.2.2: ..:-.- 50 50 50 47 46 41 45 47 50 56 WRIRWAYOS Se eos - 2a -th-200- 50 51 50 48 52 40 42 52 50 55 60 Maryland...............-.. 44] 40| 44] 43] 43 38| 41] 42| 48] 49 MingpAee Soe. ~.. 25.2528 41 45 41 42 40 36 37 40 42 43 46 West. Vireinias.2....) 228 42 40 43 43 41 34 37 39 41 45 47 North Carolina............- 39 40 40 37 38 37 37 38 40 41 South Carolina...........-.- 41 45 43 43 43 44 44 44 46 46 IGRI PAT fat oa sete sel Sooo mim 44 46 45 41 40 39 40 42 50 52 55 V2 = ae ae 47 49 47 43 42 42 44 44 55 56 58 MInMBEOUN oe = t2 2-53 -. 45 45 47 41 40 40 41 42 52 54 NOW Haas Sess ales 43 46 44 41 40 40 41 41 51 53 MISSOtti 26 = see2soc2s ook 39 39 39 36 36 34 34 37 42 42 North Dakota...........-.. 42 42 44 39 38 34 36 39 43 48 South. Dakota.s® ...:.-.... 43 45 44 41 40 38 40 41 50 52 LES Ss: aa aS oo ee 41 41 42 37 36 37 38 39 47 51 LED Wes 4 eeeieelinn ae 40} 41 41 38 39 36 38 40 47 50 Waeruuticy sors. 2c 55 (3.05 36 36 36 34 32 30 32 34 36 37 WRANNPESOO) 02 soo 35 ganna 35 35 33 33 32 31 31 32 33 36 F035: re a; ai 36 37 35 35 34 35 33 35 36 38 JPRS EST 0) oe a 36 37 36 35 34 32 33 35 38 39 IAS ee on at nine ae 43 47 42 39 38 38 40 41 44 48 CEN a weds aSs = 5,0 db cee de 40 38 39 37 36 34 36 37 41 41 RIBROMG! 353... 5 daca 41 39 38 37 36 35 35 36 42 45 i005 2 TA ee aie 36 38 36 34 35 33 33 35 38 39 ba a a ee 48 45 48 46 43 37 42 42 43 50 WOM, 825. 02k coeee) 51 47 47 43 44 38 41 47 51 53 Us es ro coek Jeet! 48 45 45 42 41 40 40 43 47 55 Now México?>....2.. 0.2. 48 47 45 48 46 48 44 47 49 56 BMZONA.. 4oGEt 22.5225 Sue oe 52 48 49 47 52 55 47 58 54 66 WineAE a es oo tee ok ee ci 46 46 46 43 41 39 42 43 52 52 MIR does «= a ob ald > ole 51 51 54 53 41 46 45 51 55 60 eee nc. ss st on 49 46 47 46 43 39 44 48 52 62 Wrasminetiness ¢ s.2<5 cut ss 50 51 50 48 44 44 48 55 56 63 oregon Lee ees a oles op abiody 50 51 50 48 42 41 46 48 53 61 iol? a oe 49 50 51 48 44 45 51 51 55 61 —— SSS _———>S=>S|=—_)§s—S=|_s S| _ SS 1 URE ERS, Be SA ae 34.0 | 33.5 | 34.1 | 33.5 | 36.1 33.5 | 34.0 | 36.1 | 38.9 | 40.9] 41.9 Ue ee ee See 28.3 | 27.6 | 27.1 | 27.6 | 27.9 25.7 | 26.1 | 27.4 | 29.0] 31.1] 34.4 LiL SSG | eg Pon ene 28.7 | 27.9 | 26.8 | 25.8 | 25.7 24.2 | 24.2 | 24.5 | 25.3 | 26.4] 27.6 OS ee te ea 29.2 | 27.4 | 26.0 | 24.9 | 23.8 22.9 | 23.7 | 25.3 | 26.0 | 26.3 | 28.4 LL Be St ee Be oie aoe 28.4 | 27.6 | 27.5 | 27.6 | 27.0 24.7 | 24.9 | 25.9 | 27.5 | 28.2] 29.2 Ra 9. SRI ES SST A 28.1 | 29.0 | 27.2 } 26.1 | 26.0 23.4 | 23.7 | 24.2 | 25.6 | 26.9 | 28.8 Lol OP See a eee 27.8 | 24.1 | 22.7 | 22.6 | 21.4 20.4 | 21.7 | 23.1 | 23.8 | 25.2] 27.4 i EES | ye RY 28.7 | 27.9 | 26.3 | 25.8 | 25.5 23.3 | 23.8 | 25.2 | 26.2 | 27.1 | 27.8 SAR ty A eee ree soncer el ea 25.1 | 24.5 | 24.2 | 24.0 21.9 | 22.4 | 23.3 | 25.0 | 26.2] 27.4 608 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. BUTTER AND EGGS—Continued. TABLE 214.—Butter: International trade, calendar years 1909-1517. [Butterinclades all butter made from milk, melted and renovated butter, but does not include margarine, coco butter, or ghee. See ‘General note,’ Table 196.] EXPORTS. [000 omitted.] Average, 1916 1917 Average 1916 1917 Country. 1909-1913.| (prelim.)} (prelim.) Country 1909-1913.] (prelim.) | (prelim.) From— Pounds. | Pounds. Pounds. | Pounds. | Pounds. Argentina : 6,934 | 12,502 7,870 792| . 172 Australia......... -| 77,859 75, 840 75, 133 18, 004 Aaeh bu . fcc 28 42 48 ee ana iares wom ake de 25 40 46 25 40 49 spe Serpe eae: 23 38 45 Ea A 32 49 55 33 49 57 30 50 55 38 47 53 45 62 60 28 50 61 43 60 73 34 50 55 39 59 66 35 55 60 38 63 68 46.3 | 49.4 | 40.4 30.7 | 34.4 | 36.4 | 41.6] 47.2] 55.0 37.7 | 35.8) 33.8 30.0 28.3 | 29.8 | 33.2 | 37.4] 39.4] 43.3 -| 30.6 | 26.8 | 21.2 18.1 19.7 | 20.7 | 23.3 | 28.1] 82.2} 38.1 -| 31.6 | 29.2 | 21.3 hp | 16.8 | 17.0 | 18.7 | 22.3 | 26.3} 30.6 -| 30.7 | 28.4 | 24.2 16.8 17.6 | 18.2 | 21.0 | 23.5 | 25.3] 29.7 -| 26.8 | 22.8] 19.4 16.1 17.0 | 17.2] 19.5 | 23.4] 27.4] 33.0 -| 29.5 | 29.1 | 24.5 17.1 16.7 | 17.4] 19.1 | 22.0] 25.9] 29.7 -} 80.4 | 22.1 | 16.5 14.7 14.2 | 15.5 | 17.4] 20.0} 23.5] 28.7 30.5 | 28.9 | 22.9 18.6 18.2 | 17.6 | 19.4] 22.4] 25.3] 29.0 Sonat vvccdusnesecccsecas|secces 25.8 | 20.1 17.8 18.5 | 19.2 | 20.2 | 22.1] 24.8) 28.4 Statistics of Farm Animals and Their Products. 611 BUTTER AND EGGS—Continued. TaBLe 218.—Eggs: Receipts at seven leading markets in the United States, 1891-1918. {From Board of Trade, Chamber of Commerce, and Merchants’ Exchange reports; for 1917 and subse- quently from Bureau of Markets.) Cincin- | Milwau- New St. Louis. San Fran- Year. Boston. | Chicago. ern kee. Vork. cisco. Total. i fa fe | | ES | | SE f eS Averages: Cases. Cases. Cases. | Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. 1891-1895.....- 722, 363 | 1,879,065 | 288,548 | 90,943 | 2,113,946 557,320 | 166,059 | 5,818,244 1896-1900...... 912, 807 | 2,196,631 | 362, 262 | 113,327 | 2,664,074 | 852,457 | 194,087 | 7,295,645 1901-1905... .-- 1, 155, 340 | 2,990,675 | 418, 842 | 139, 718 | 3,057, 298 | 1,000,935 | 304,933 | 9,067,741 1906-1910. ..... 1,517,995 | 4; 467, 040 | 509, 017 | 180,362 | 4,046,360 | 1,304,719 | 334,766 | 12,360, 259 OU cre cea 1, 040, 555 | 2,783, 709 { 493,218 | 128,179 | 2,909,194 | 1,022,646 | 277,500 | 8,655,001 Ue eae 1,053,165 | 2,659, 340 | 464, 799 | 114, 732 | 2,743,642 825,999 | 285,058 | 8,146,735 Cy og Sepa eat 1, 164,777 | 3,279, 248 | 338,327 | 129, 278 | 2,940, 091 959,648 | 335,228 | 9,146,597 LL tee ee 1,122,819 | 3,113, 858 | 377, 263 | 166,409 | 3, 215,924 ! 1, 216,124 | 319.637 | 9,532,034 VEST ga? 2S ei 1,395,385 | 3,117, 221 | 420,604 | 159,990 | 3,477,638 "980, 257 307, 243 | 9,858,338 UL ae ARE ee 1, 709,531 | 3,583, 878 | 484,208 | 187,561 | 3,981,013 | 1,023,125 | 137,074 | 11,106,390 MU ee oe ee 1,594,576 | 4,780,356 | 588,636 | 176,826 | 4,262,153 | 1,288,977 | 379,439 | 13,070, 963 19S S035. 23 2 1, 436, 786 | 4,569,014 } 441,072 | 207,558 | 3,703,990 | 1,439,868 | 347,436 | 12,145,724 it eee ee 1, 417, 397 | 4,557, 906 | 519, 652 | 160, 418 | 3: 903,867 | 1,395,987 | 340,185 | 12/295, 412 MSU ae pet kms =o i 431, 686 | 4,844, 045 511, 519 | 179, 448 | 4,380,777 | 1,375,638 } 469,698 | 13,192,811 LN a Se her nae 1, 441, 768 | 4,707,335 | 605,131 | 175,270 | 5,021,757 | 1,736,915 |. 587,687 | 14,275,863 TU yl Bags Sepia 1,580, 106 | 4,556, 643 668, 942 | 136,896 | 4,723,520 | 1,394,534 | 638,890 | 13,699,531 LLL ae 2 1,589, 400 | 4, 593, 800 | 594,954 | 191,059 | 4,713,555 | 1,398,065 | 573,042 | 13,653,875 Ue 55 epee eee 1,531,329 | 4,083,163 | 461,927 | 224,797 | 4,882,222 | 1,474,212 | 619,500 | 13,277,150 Ly SES A eae 4, 896, 246 | 812,371 | 192,743 | 5,585,329 | 1,492,729 | 629,577 | 15,366,589 TGs . thes. 2 #2: 5, 452, 737 | 853,910 | 208,924 | 4,858,274 | 1,521,506 | 575,014 } 15,120,193 Uy ee ee 5,678, 679 | 184,022 | 134,625 | 4,357,061 | 1,373,120 | 715,768 | 13,945,231 IDISL. gees os. - 1, 604, 5, 049, 743 | 176,733 | 180,616 | 5,026, 548 934,668 | 666,845 | 13,639, 442 Tanuary.--+..<- ; 107,544] 8,309) 3,965] 106,238 9,964 | 52,870 319, 799 Febraary.’...._..- 29,310] 7,565 874] 155, 381 40,536} 80,724 373, 164 ingot. 2 ee See 414, 719 6, 341 7,214 711, 930 180, 270 80,389 | 1,592,749 April... 1,027,342 | 18,400} 26,831] 907,509} 186,299) 93,169] 2,568,851 ay..: 926,272] 26,445 | 38,432] 680,609] 161,131] 83,041 | 2,221,349 June. . 732,784 | 17,446 | 25,479| 550,538| 106,047] 70,744] 1,674,029 July. 563, 717 6,316 | 16,721 483, 359 102, 434 50,506 | 1,356, 317 Augus 459, 970 2,980 | 20,064 449, 849 61, 731 39,328 | 1,152,916 September 337,553 | 22,736] 14,618] 332,971 30,395 | 34,174 , 483 October... - 240,310] 50,201} 10,742] 288,040 24,254] 27,159 736, 235 November ms 124,339 | 3,548| 6,222| 183,285 17,433} 25,752 406, 491 December......... 52,274 85,883] 6,446] 9,454| 176,839 14,174} 28,989 374, 059 CHEESE. TABLE 219.—Cheese: Internaticnal trade, calendar years 1909-1917. [Cheese includes all cheese made from milk; eka cheese,” of course, isincluded. See “General note,’”’ ble 196.) EXPORTS. ~ [000 omitted.) Average, 1916 1917 Average, 1916 | 1917 Country. _{1909-1913. | (Prelim.)| (Prelim.) | Country. —_| 1909-1913. | (Prelim.) | (Prelim.) From— Pounds. | Pounds. | Pounds. From— Pounds. | Pounds. / Pounds. Bulgaria........--- CSS eee Bees [ee Rissiat 2. 26.25 23 7,011 105 daize dé wok Cannda; 5.22... 3.2-. 167,260 | 170,248 176,380 || Switzerland......-.. 70, 075 ry A eee WEPORIOG 3 2p ahem cmd =h 26, 880 13, O84) }eu.22- + 2e United States....-. 5, 142 54, 093 53, 510 Germany.......-.. i OG0.1M. 2 ee ee eS Other Pomntriess: - 2) 2210, 70h |... .-. cc). ..nbee oe 60,560 | 39,323 4, 337 — Netherlands...../..| 127,379 | 199,108 |.......... Total. <.02-.. Pre Re eee New Zealand.......| 55,561 | 106,335 |.......... | ) IMPORTS Into— BPG Gass 735.4. sch (ai ol Se ee ee eee eee France 49, 056 ye Argentina.......... 10, 447 8,133) 105. Se Germany BB OST Nan ntnanedboow sawed Australia........--- 3 ro RT a er Stalyt dds ack 13, 308 252 9 Austria-Hungary...]) » 12,208 fo... .002..peoes oe Russia... . i ee Seer Belefam. Ji5u.<...~ 5 gS SS ee ee ee ee Bypetg 4.5... 2 5, 032 1,465 411 Brasil. § 015 sos... 4,178 BARS ee bS tT Switzerland RBS 7, 150 427 214 British South Af United Kingdom...} 257,407 | 287,115 |.......... rica... 5,006 | 2,087 514 || United States...-.. 46,346 | 28, 516 6, 333 Cuba... M620 PR ccdadl Pitt Ae Otter Gotmiried 2...),. 10, 500))..<.2. i acwrredee Denmark. ere FS ae ES Lae MRC senate ky »f each month, by States Average price received by farmers on 1st 0 Chickens, cents per pound. CHICKENS. MID0OD OOS D-AHD Aes Ss FRR ORR RNR and United States 1909-1917. 1918, Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. ppi- State and year. souisiana . . TABLE 220.—Chickens NOVROM asede ses susc2ieeeeeed Kentucky..-.... Alabama... Mississi "Texas: = 322% Oklahoma.. Arkansas... Montana... Wvoming.. Colorado New Mexico. Voy a er ee WISER AS es aebe ule ov ws See Tennessee. . I pace eeanepey 3 South Carolina.... Nebraska....... West Virginia... -. North Carolina..-. North Dakota South Dakota Georgia.... Florida... Indiana... Tilinois..... Michigan... Wisconsin. . Rhode Isiand....... Virgie ss fs: 612 MAING. 2 Se-5- 3552 a55 New Hampshire. ... Vetniont =... 22 325,"542 Massachusetts... ...- Connecticut - . . New York.... New Jersey - - Pennsylvania . Delaware..-.. Maryland... =RAR NOD cons “<4 Coan NH sae on gton. iexeee NING ists: 28525... 2 ety TOO. ants ap h a ann doe Te a ge * Oregon..... Calif InN -—— a 6 oe i “ee & ech! Bb “> o_o’ 6 es ee 0 1% ae ote Ow ae om 2:58 48 ik oe = 6.0 2tF C80 7@ 8 2 tig se eee Ss Saher Gi wet Bos 82 eee “To, fet. ih ok i, sO i424 2045 ao Rises cleat Loe ee Pr ae ae an Statistics of Farm Animals and Their Products. 613 SHEEP AND WOOL. TABLE 221.—Sheep: Number and value on farms in the United States, 1867-1919. Nore.—Figures in italics are census returns; figures in roman are estimates of the Department of Agri- culture. Estimates of numbers are obtained by applying estimated percentages of increase or decrease to the published numbers of the preceding year, except that a revised e is used for applying percentage estimates whenever new census data are available. It should also be observed that the census of 1910, ving numbers as of Apr. 15, is not strictly comparable with former censuses, which related to numbers 1 Estimates of numbers revised, based on census data. une 1. Jan, 1— Number. fr eas aaa Jan. 1— Number ened Farm value jan. Jan. 1. Fane. Jan. 1. oe 39, 385, 000 $2.50 | $98,644,000 || 1893.......... 47, 274, 000 $2. 66 | $125, 909, 000 ia e.3-- 38, 992, 000 1.52 | 71,053,000 || 1894.......... 45, 048, 000 1.98 | 89, 186, 000 7 Sees 37, 724, 000 1.64 | 62,037,000 || 1895.......... 42, 294, 000 1.58 | 66, 686, 000 We. .5054 0, 853, 000 1.96 | 79,876,000 || 1896.......... 38, 299, 000 1.70 | 65,168,000 1870, census, Ces 36, 819, 000 1.82| 67,021,000 June 1..... AG LTT a A ee NE Ae tS ae 37, 657, 000 2.46 | 92,721,000 af ne aa 31, 851, 000 2.14 68,310, 000 |] 1899......-... 39, 114, 000 2.75 | 107,698,000 mec pewa) 28) Soe aes | Seo) Fe | ease poe wid od , 002, ; , 427, , census 7 33, 938, 000 2.43 | 82,353,000 || Junel...:. G1, OES 5-2. 09. I Es ct a is 33, 784, 000 2.55 | 86,278, 000 || 19011......... 59, 757, 00 2.98 | 178,072,000 t/a 35, 935, 000 2.37 | 85,121, 000 || 1902.......... 62, 039, 000 2.65 | 164,446,000 he ee el 35, 804, 000 2.13 | 76,362,000 || 1903.......... 63, 965, 000 2.63 | 168,316,000 Se 35, 740, 000 2.21! 78,898,000 |! 1904.......... 51, 630, 000 2.59 | 133, 530,000 :) ) See? 38, 124, 000 2.07 | 78,965,000 || 1905.......... 45, 170, 000 2.82 | 127,332,000 Iaebe!s... 555 40, 766, 000 2.21 | 90,231,000 |, 1906..-..-.... 50, 632, 000 3.54 | 179, 056, 000 1880, ¢ 1O0P.M ob 32: 53, 240, 000 3.84 | 204, 210, 000 June1..... 66, WOW a ANS SR RRR Tt 54, 631, 000 3.88 | 211, 736,000 (ios. - =) 43, 570, 000 2.39 | 104,071,000 | 1909.......... 56, 084, 000 3.43 | 192, 632,000 1682.03 - = 64. = 45, 016, 000 2.37 | 106,596, 000 || 1910.......... 57, 216; 000 |----- 2-2-2) -----sumonage oo ae 49, 237, 000 2.53 | 124,366,000 || 1910, census, Vee 50, 627, 000 9.37 | 119,903,000 || Apr. 15.....| 52,447,861 4.12 | 216, 030,000 ee ay 2c = 2 50, 360, 000 2.14 | 107,961,000 |) 1911 1.........] 53, 633, 000 3.91 | 209, 535, 000 1886 .-2e-~2 => 48, 322, 000 1.91 92, 444, 000 |' 1912.......... 52, 362, 000 3.46 | 181,170,000 1 aes 44, 759, 000 2.01 | 89,873, 000 || 1913... -..-. 2. 51, 482, 000 3.94 | 202,779; 000 [Se * 545, 000 2.05 | 89,280,000 || 1914.......... 49,719, 000 4.02 | 200, 045, 000 TS ae 42, 599, 000 2.13 | 90,640,000 || 1915.......... 49, 956, 000 4.50 | 224, 687,000 eo... 44, 336, 000 2.27 | 100,660,000 |) 1916.......... 48, 625, 000 5.17 | 251,594,000 1890, cen. | 1917-- 2... .2-2 47, 616, 000 7.13 | 339,529, 000 une 1..... Cp a ee ee ee i eee es 48, 603, 000 11.82 | 574,575,000 UL eee 431, 2.50 | 108,397,000 || 1919.......... 49, 863, 000 11.61 | 579,016,000 ean 44, 938, 000 2.58 | 116,121,000 , TaBLe 222.—Sheep: Number and value on farms, Jan. 1, 1918 and 1919, by States. Farm value (thou- Se A hes yee oa sands of dollars) - Jan. 1— State. | 1919 1918 1919 ) 1918 1919 ) 1918 OSS Rae a Ie TP a as a 173 163 $11. 10 $9. 40 1,920 1, 532 boty ESV ETE Tg oS 0 eR lla ak i hk as 39 37 12. 00 10. 60 468 392 Mowatt = (A Sa! Se SE Se 2 ee ae 107 104 12.70 11. 60 1,359 1, 206 CRED P PTSD Teer pak pai Be pat a a Bi 28 26 12. 50 10. 30 5 268 EIR ete ssa see cote. csocesece 7 6 12. 50 9. 50 88 57 CRTMOCHIOHY bi: 280 2b S22. 268. 2s cb ke 24 20 13. 30 11. 40 319 228 ee OR (UE Sees. oe eet STE SE. 840 800 13. 90 13. 20 11, 676 10, 560 PRGNRIACKAOY:. UO pio. ose Lod. 0 2b ee 29 28 13. 20 10. 90 383 305 EOL VONIne O88 oo ta5. AT. dB eee 959 913 11.70 11. 70 11, 220 10, 682 ONC: SAS Re SEO Raeeeeiaee deh Ee 10 10 10. 30 9. 00 103 90 LE LES rs US Bey tS BP ae a Bo 246 234 11. 30 9. 80 2,780 2,293 Meperetiae, 5, Memaees okt Mie gee... keer 713 692 12. 50 10. 50 8,912 7, 266 SVE Pee MIRPITIRC Seto. eatin ctceeenes 789 751 11.70 11. 20 9, 231 8,411 pened, Garantie. 2s. oJ. See te ss. 138 137 8.70 6. 60 1,201 OO4 Buerth Caroling: sss <3. 28. 55d 048 Sika 29 30 6. 50 4, 60 188 138 Ce Be a eee ee Ce 144 144 5. 80 4.20 835 605 Ly a a ey Se Se ee ee ee 120 120 4.10 3. 40 492 408 MDL 2 t'ee 2REG . Pdbes sb dd wo nabSuds« 2, 980 2,950 11. 00 11. 60 32, 780 34, 220 (ngiane):.- 0.8660 sG5 500. SENS Senn cdabdes i. 1,098 998 13. 90 12. 80 15, 262 12,774 PEMEN Ge eis ood auch wenvemdntenh von = 1,028 952 14. 20 12. 90 14, 598 12, 281 614 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. SHEEP AND WOOL—Continued. TABLE 222.—Sheep: Number and value on farms, Jan. 1, 1918 and 1919, by States— Continued. Farm value (thou- Number (thou- | Average price per | “ sands of dollars) sands) Jan, 1— 1919 1818 1919 1918 Michifasst 0c ec eoas se cnavstes comee as 2,119] 1,926 $12. 50 Wincteisin. «fo e5 0s. oe bee oes scant see» 716 651 12. 40 MinnesGtesss... cncwess ceesrvedpewuccwipas 642 568 1 ROWS is poids 23 2553 batts ee 1,322 1, 224 13.70 fei ape ae Ses ao SE Ee 1, 539 p 13 Nest Datrote | oo 2. <.. i 2a 96 At eases « 265 252 12. 60 South Dakvte. .o2.3.--2.. fapseet dope ee = 810 750 12. 20 NG@pTagien is «|. 2.0465-- ow. 8 ab ee eh dae 367 408 11. 90 Re@MSAG 9 oe. 1. 554.8~.- = Lae ee Ska 460 418 12. 80 IGREUGR Gs i... Se a8-- 25. ARR es een e 1, 274 1, 213 13. 10 TENNER: 3s . Soo. 25 bee ee eb edew aad | 567 550 11. 80 AINDATIA, -5 3 5. doce. 73523 ee eee ' 140 131 6.40 Mississippi. 524 62522: 425i see ee nae eae ee 183 174 6. 60 Lpiisintian. . 2. Sens. = shoe ease 230 209 5. 20 TExas Sets oti So occ Jct eer ee eae 2, 232 2,188 9. 40 Oklshomiiers..c-2.<-. tae Ses 3 sce 125 114 11. 80 AREARSSS 3 jj. G4./ = = 45. Ses Sa Seas = 147 134 8. 20 MGMADAs2-4.< os85.6.-.>-b [eee ies Ales Ses 2, 984 3,045 11.80 WiGnhinbas: . 1555--- <8 Se ass heh ce 4,018 4, 100 12. 30 Colorade..ce: -1.12-%... <2) seeder ape eee 2,303 2,350 10. 90 INGW GOxIcG...\. 525. 2... sae. See eee se 3,135 3,135 8. 50 Py CGT ieee ie bE ta eh Ue ey 1, 400 1, 550 10. 00 Ue Secs ce hele he eee 2,410 2,340 11.00 By ae Rg gh eS dee 1, 520 1, 505 11. 80 EG pega i ap a SR ee "4 3, 202 12. 20 Waahington. £5 30.9: -.-. 6 deeb dae toes - 780 661 11. 80 ORQHOU S. fsz dG dug 2 0h See EEE Se ee 2,497 2,448 12.00 CAMTORIA re oo ea a wo a's t SER OU Sarasa = 2,943 2,776 12.00 United States: ....% seer 445 go. ceeee 49, 863 48, 603 11. 61 574, 575 Imports. Exports. Year ending June 30— Average Number.| Value. import | Number.) Value. export price. price. LEDGE eid Hew aS bse Berd a 459, 484 | $1,682,977 $3. 66 37, 260 $126, 394 $3.39 8 3.25 | 132,370 832, 763 6. 29 2.34 | 405,748 | 2,630, 686 6.48 2.65 | 491,565 | 3,076,384 6.26 2.51 | 244,120] 1,531,645 6.27 2.82 | 199,690 | 1, 213, 886 6.08 3.47 | 143, 286 853, 555 5.96 3.58 | 125,772 733, 477 5.83 3.73 | 297,925 | 1,933, 000 6.49 3.58 | 358,720 | 1,940,060 5.41 3.44 | 176,961 | 1,067,860] . 6.03 3.42 | 301,313 | 1,954, 604 6.49 3.77 | 268,365 | 1,687,321 6.29 4.24 | 142,690 804, 090 5.64 4.98 | 135,344 750, 242 5.54 4.82 | 101,000 589, 285 5.83 4.90 67, 656 365, 155 5.40 5.52 44,517 209, 000 4.69 7.06 | 121,491 636, 272 5.24 6.67 | 157, 263 626, 985 3.99 5.83 | 187, 132 605, 725 3.24 2.38 | 152,600 534, 543 3.50 3.48 47, 213 182, 278 3.86 3.89 52, 278 231, 535 4.43 f 5.34 58, 811 367,935 6. 26 SU Is cee leh st dthecoet deb eaadae teal 177,681 | 1,979,746 11.14 7,959 97, 028 12.19 615 Statistics of Farm Animals and Their Products. SHEEP AND WOOL—Continued. price per 100 pounds, 1913-1918. TABLE 224.—Sheep: Wholesale SB RRS eae -|| BSSKSR | SSRS8R |S SSRRE8 ene ses [hi eeeeeeemeeee aso ppicerin ist ee operat tae eet mene ee ook eae eee ig fd Se Bole hte aetscs gigs 2 “ipiilig iigigs 8 rues aBeg & Baiiii @ ivggeé & dai BGs eg ii PEEL eegtee Scie EREtns | gBS5E8 Sesas2 BOZA Sesase SaROZA = ms =f SBSAR 215 eee | seeuee [sleee 5 (§ g nl aaaaas gisssdas o||_ sidsgas eicege <2 eS ress Raa [al SSRSR | F/RSRSkS |S £§ st sidddes g\disesa lal eeedae |e lessee |= g Be] aocea 5 Ss bebeeh el fe? sates le|egeess |= S 44] négeas |r eccses|oé|| sandals iicerad |x : ell Remi eed bake 0 R | 225988 | 8 55 = eeniee te tt: ete eh ee 1 Se S| ef << 5 = | RaR | | SSSSEE [= [SeeEEE| Ss a3 | dill sdesad |alseesss| sl seezea |s leseics|s s / ,| #883 &S 88 8&8] R&SsSss/(e& esenee |F | Se BRS88s |8|Ssssss/s MOT] Avid wed ve sc baad =f-F be = BHFASS | Ol] SSHaicig | ||oganded |x 3 BF SSReRS |F| RERSAA |S || SRRSRZ |E Ee Besscuue da” sadcdaddde a |wagcee (2 dricisiss |s |osdaad | 233 ane NBSRSR/S]] AAAS |S ||SSSRRsS |B Bss MH | Ges os dd S|] sine |x iieeddad ||| sdtced |S |lseiicas | 28 nor| See 83 SR SA] SBRSRE |S RRSSSsS % | Sseeee |e) SSe8z8 a IT} 844 se 8 = BEEBE S|] SOS arin | ob | sesees |e wern |x aT sReeey 3 |S leascae |o 31 piscine Slo ae ROSNER |S 3t SSNs Shei ao |S ne 33 ess ‘SSNSR {5 | =| ee eced lelaccees la 3 che ars he aside |ai|oescss|s|| sasesd|slincean la g's iF | 35% 2 es 28 BSSSRR m BRSR2R8 |S] SSRSES = SSRsxs |S o & T | Qeded pie = ed eet be sl] adadcsa|a pusens 3 Sete * deebettall bel eee 616 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. SHEEP AND WOOL—Continued. TABLE 225,—Sheep: Farm price per 100 pounds, 15th of month, 1910-1918. Date. 1918 1917 1926 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1210 JOM. 15.00 css ccaseeaens jeans $10.55 | $7.33] $5.52] $4.95 | $4.67] $4.35] $3.89] $4.47 | £5.63 WOR, 16.5. dowoapoge oes samen 10.75 8.17 5.90 5.14 4. 67 4.63 4.01 4.34 5.09 MAE AGS. cise ns Secbeeetoadas 11.41 9.21 6.35 5.36 4.77 4.97 4.12 4.45 5.64 Apr. 15.. Seep hin outers) | ee eee 9.69 6.61 5.60 4.96 5.16 4.57 4.55 6.10 May 15 loss tA aie ssede cess 12.32} 10.15 6. 66 5.54 4.87 4.91 4.74 4.51 5.79 SUED 15.5 oe Tales os ee 11. 56 9.84 6. 54 5.43 4.70 4.84 4.52 4.2 5.44 Fel a ci ile ae, Sod Ik RY 9! 11. 04 9. 32 6.33 5.35 4.75 4.20 4.21 4.19 5.47 Ya OR ee eS ee 2 10.99 9.33 6. 22 5.16 4. 87 4.32 4, 26 3.98 4.68 Sept) Tssss sets cot) sie 10.79 | 10.05 6.25 5. 06 4.80 4.23 4.11 3.91 4.81 OGUNBA 2. So AE 10.35 | 10.24 6. 20 5.18 4.81 4.16 4.19 3.68 4.68 NOW. Sal js. gece Ld ote oe 10.11 | 10.20 6.41 5.18 4.68 4.27 4.05 3.65 | 4.63 BOGS ID he se fat ca ns cee 9.46 | 10.44 6.77 5.38 4.95 4.46 4.21 3.71 4.54 Taste 226.—Wool (unwashed): Farm price per pound, 15th of month, 1910-1918. Date. / 1918 1917 1916 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 Cents. | Cents. | Cents. | Cents. | Cents. | Cents. | Cents. | Cents. | Cents. | ee eee eee 58.1) -81.8.| 23.3.) 18.6) 15.7 |--186)0 16.90 ea a oe ee ORE SRE GES = 57.1| 32.7| 24.2] 20.2] 15.71 187) | 16.39 fete ges Mas) 159201 05-o. 800100. Bae | 60.0] 36.7] 25.9] 22.8] 164] 184] 16.9] 16.8] 24.9 Apr. 15 Deeserseeceee} 60.0) 38.8 | 26.3 |) 22.7) 16.81) 277) | 17,81 eae May 5... 020. 25555 See SRR | ~ 58.2 43.7 28.0 22.0 17.2 16.3 17.8 14.7 22.8 PUNE IG. LPO S32 SS LEEL ue 57.4 49.8 28.7 23.7 18.4 15.6 18.7 15.5 19.5 Waly AB! ASS. Ls LL 57.5] 54.3] 28.6] 2.2] 185] 15.9] 189] 15.4] 19.0 Pisipeyaa. 5 2St. iS bee Se 57.4 54.8 29.0 23.8 18.7 15.8 18.8 16.0 19.5 Pept. 85s choses lewsvesscewest 59.7 54.2 28.4 23.3 18.6 15.8 18.7 15.6 17.7 Oats Tire Le ri set Ae 57.7 55.5 28.7 22.7 18.0 15.5 18.5 15.5 18.1 NOW. [6cssGssecd Hocaccsnsecs 56.4 55.9 29.4 22.7 18.1 15.6 18.6 15.6 17.9 DOS ID: 2.58. to i Be aL A 56.2 58. 2 30.8 23.3 18.6 16.1 18.6 15.5 17.8 TasLe 227.—Lambs: Farm price per 100 pounds, 15th of month, 1910-1918. Date. 1918 | 1917 | 1916 | 1915 | 1914_| 1913 1910 ig Lees ere ee $13.83 | $9.59] $7.29 | $6.47 | $6.16 | $6.03] $5.22] $5.71] $5.82 BO: 45: 400. <5 5c cate 13.77] 10.51] 7.78] 6.67| 6.18| 6.34] 5.15| 5.44] 6.62 Max. 153 6260s cnsaet tes aa 14.11} 11.46 8.10 6. 06 6.31 6.56 5.38 5.49] 7.37 PDR a8 ads ide et eee 15.34 | 12.03 8.58 7.35 6.47 6.59 5.98 5.77 7.47 MBS Mine <7 pass ashes aceehgaae 15.39] 12.51] 8.49] 7.32] 6.49] 6.66] 6.16] 5.74] 7.26 Be SS a pe eed AL PS, 14.98} 12.64 8. 36 7.26 6.47 6.36 6. 02 5.51 7.13 SUI RO ee pee abe oh by od Sate 14.20} 11.16 8. 16 7.21 6.55 6.05 5.74 5.42 6.71 BI GR co sorraie Dam coating pee ihe soe 14.20} 12.08 8.15 6.70 6. 26 5.50 5.60 5.25 5.70 Obs ED: if sien 24 lie nub tah Su clv 13.73 | 13.06 8. 22 6.71 6.27 5.51 5.49 5.02 5.85 OL ap LS eee Sete ee 13.20} 14.09 8. 02 6.70 6.09 5.51 5. 42 4.68 5.78 MRE. 6g athe es Ve oy 2 ree aes 17.54] 13.79] 8.41] 6.76] 6.14] 5.64] 5.37] 4.68] 5.54 te | eee Pee eye pee 12.44] 13.81 8.72 7.02 6.33 5.85 5.70 4.93 5. 68 Statistics of Farm Animals and Their Products. 617 SHEEP AND WOOL—Continued. Tasie 228.—Breeds of sheep. In January, 1918, the Bureau of Crop Estimates sent a schedule of inquiry to its special live-stock reporters in regard to breeds of sheep kept. The average of replies is given below. id + Number Fine-wool bloods. po Abe 3 Cross-breds. Rams. pd pa ; ift to— 5 10 5 10 5 10 1918 |years | years| 1918 | years| years| 1918 | years) years oe Eo ae — ago. ago. | ago. ago. | ago. . . i : LS iri oso ep ee in 73 20 22 25 10 New Hampshire... ... 15 73 12 20 9 WVEFMONGS 2. 25-22 c2ce 16 72 12 10 13 Massachusetts......... 8 87 5 13 5 2h See a Eee a ee Se ROS TOO") SHES “LS cdl taonddelandeen See Connecticut........... 10 75 15 7 10 WasiMork 0 fet. 5.2.08 ll 75 14 25 10 New Jersey...-.-..... 15 78 a 20 15 Pennsylvania......... 25 45 30 25 35 N. Atlantic...... 17.1 61.7 21.2 24.1 || 20.8 DD ove aed 9 76 15 21 6 Maryland............. 7 32 61 66 || 13 Witeitia. 265.3. .3 6 74 20 23 8 West Virginia......... 9 80 ll 10 9 North Carolina........ 10 60 30 36 12 South Carolina........ 18 57 25 45 15 Greeetie b391.4.-... 2 35 63 63 5 Florida....... Biesecc es 6 50 44 9 3 Z 8. Atlantic...... 7.3) 891] 10.0 | 68.4 65.9 | 24.3 | 22.9 | 24.1 8.7 ES: SS 38 49 13 15 || 35 Wdieng-.-2- vc. ------ 13 73 14 18 15 IONS 2 oe aaa = 2 - 9 77 14 19 10 Michigan ae coos <5 18 68 14 15 15 Wisconsin: -. 325. ..:.-3 12 73 15 20 10 N.C. E. Miss. R .| 23.4 | 25.0 62.9 13.7 16.4 || 21.7 Minnesota............- 12 73 15 20 8 Towa... feigee 55. Bee ee 13 75 12 17 10 CT Be ee 13 66 21 25 15 North Dakota.......-.. 21 59 20 25 | 17 South Dakota......... 16 71 13 10 19 Nepraske.25..2...-! 20 55 25 25 18 PCE Be ae 24 63 13 26 20 N.C. W. Miss. R.| 15.2 | 17.8 | 20.9 | 68.2 16.6 | 19.0 | 20.4 || 14.4 Kentucky to. . Jace -s 6 63 50 31 47 10 Tennessee. ............ 5 70 56 25 41 8 Algoamea-.-- oa..32..2 12 43 38 45 58 5 Mississippi............ z 40 35 58 (ag 'l| Bee Dl DE BS) Pe (2) bo Se | a he Rue ay a ae eke | Poetry 4 creed | Mie SEE ee eens Rie ice oe Ce 61 27 20 12 25 65 Oklahoma............- 26 51 50 23 25 1Z ABERTIEAS, un Och wccen 8 26 25 66 75 15 S Central. j.2 5.2 30. 4 44.2 25. 4 .0 | 37.9 || 36.0 Montana.............. 50 30 20 22 60 Vaca c) i rt 24 31 45 40 35 Ob” (a 60 7 13 31 63 New Mexico........... 70 15 15 25 75 Datei ts dee owls 66 4 30 32 97 il Ae NS ee ae 50 39 ll 17 46 Lt a ae aa 60 30 10 5 65 Sa 40 42 18 16 || 33 Washington........... 15 62 23 10 40 PROS adie esia wenn ase 30 50 20 15 29 NOMINTSRINTEL ES wreak gin oie ar wo 44 36 20 32 42 Far Western....| 46.0 | 48.6 | 53.2 | 23.3 | 29.5 | 22.6 | 21.7 | 21.9 | 24.2 50.9 49.1 United States...] 34.7 | 37.4 | 41.2 | 45.0 | 41.4 | 35.0 | 20.3 | 21.2 23.8 | 87.8 | 62.2 252 618 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. SHEEP AND WOOL—Continued. TaBLE 229.—Wool: Estimated production, 1917 and 1918. Production : Number of fleeces (000 omitted). Weight per fleece. | “(099 omitted). 1917 Pounds bat ie a a Ssehn beaded deceaes seseess 4 6.6 New diamopaliine 5.) 2-235 .-> 0. + 2p 183 7.0 6.7 Vermont...2..... ee 597 7.2 7.3 Massachusetts... - - ere 119 6.0 6.5 Whode island’. . 5. <5 .s.35 dese nescesu den 24 6.0 6.2 Camoctlient;.... 3. aah. Seco < ee 75 5.5 5.5 Néw Yotk: 2. .-f@>-. 3-26. 2 oss. 3,514 7.0 6.8 New Jersey . aS &8 80 5.5 5.2 Pennsylvania. . ae 4, 225 6.7 6.5 DéMware. 2.) . --Wita seca teunaent okies 31 5.7 5.8 Maryland . oi. .85.0.. 0 ib... Se 758 5.8 6.0 Wirpinia... 13 Ube 2s. 2 ae 1, 862 4.7 4.6 West Virginia. ie 2, 695 5.2 5.0 North Carolina. ..... : 553 4.0 3.8 South Caroling 2... 7% 6922. 2-38 3.0.8. 95 4.0 4.0 455 2.9 2.9 355 3.2 2.8 12,000 7.3 7.4 4,332 %1 7.0 3, 855 8.0 7.9 8, 192 7.4 7.4 2, 500 7.6 7.9 2, 964 7.4 7.8 4, 500 a5 me 4,810 7.0 7.0 1,418 7.6 7.4 3, 738 7.4 7.3 1, 600 7.8 7.5 1, 450 7.6 7.6 2,969 4.9 4.8 Tenmessei5. soca oeete sorte tees 1,776 4.6 4.2 Alabama. . 350 3.5 3.3 Mississipp yA 491 4.0 3.3 Louisiana. - 4... .68 22 ah te. ‘Ste ass 560 3.7 3.6 GRO oo ode Ors ise meeae ee 10,045 7.0 7.0 Oepthaiis. |<; AE SS ac 7 ake 450 6.8 6.5 Arkansas... 350 4.9 4.5 Montana... 23, 342 8.2 7.6 Wigontingy:. 5.8.22.. 5.85, 2: 7.2 3 SE. 30, 380 8.4 8.2 CGMPERO 355. ss iaet adie eee ees 8, 820 6.2 6.4 18, 422 5.6 5.8 pS ee ee eee eee, PES Se 5, 831 6.1 6.5 of 1: Be See: Ae See eee ee ee 14, 800 7.7 7.6 DU sabe 9 5:0 ox mercado gett aed 9, 7.0 7.3 TOMMIO 5 Be oo nn VRE oto we te dew oD da 17, 500 7.9 7.6 WRSDINSEOD, 2.55 ob su Baden wdeadanseen 504 4,813 8.6 8.4 ORCS ia swe twite cca cess dassaecerih ows : 12,000 8.0 8.2 Caltiornia,, . 4:05, . 1080s. 5ds dake 12, 180 7.0 7.0 United States 241, 892 7.0 7.0 PEA WOOL! 25-0350 455 2d wee 40, 000 |... 25.5. [60.500 dee dlmonemeeeal nnn Statistics of Farm Animals and Their Products. 619 SHEEP AND WOOL—Continued. TABLE 230.—Wool: Wholesale price per pound in Boston, 1913-1918. Ohio half- Ohio Delaine, / Michigan wash Ohio fine Ohio XX quarter blood, ’ | blood comb- fine, un - unwashed ing, washed. washed. | r= | Sy lel ss e oul pS A= a Hi < 4 A] < |< Cts.) Cts. | Cis. Cts.| Cts. | Cts.| Cts.| Cts ney 3 24 | 22.4 28.6 34 |30.8| 19 | 23 | 21.1 91 | 20.5 24.2 98 | 27.3| 19 | 20 | 19.5 ee 95 | 22.3 24.5 32 |28.2| 19 | 23 | 21.0 + ee 95 | 24.3 27.0 32 |30.9| 22 | 23 | 22.8 ON 29 | 26.7] 29 | 39 | 35.5 37 |33.4| 22 | 26 | 23.8 i), ee 274} 26.9] 36 | 393] 38.0 36 | 34.5 | 23 | 273] 23.8 eet 26 | 31 | 29.6] 38 | 41 | 39.4 ; : 3} 40 | 37.6| 25 | 28 | 26.9 Pee 30 | 38 | 32.6 50 | 44.6| 35 | 47 | 37.5 t | 52 | 41:9] 27 | 37 | 29.8 + SA 40 51.5 53 | 52.8| 37 | 39 | 37.8 4 BE ee 44 54.0 60 | 56.5] 39 | 42 | 41.0 Re gets ceed 46 57.5 60 | 59.0} 41 | 44 | 42.1 es aa 48 59.0 62 | 58.6] 43 | 45 | 44.2 51 62.1 66 | 64.0| 45 | 48 | 46.0 EGS BRA 58 69.9 82 |73.8| 49 | 57 | 52.7 58 59.0 52 | 82 60.8 | 37 | 57 | 44.0 phereieccsc Ley | 58 76 |77.5| 67. 68.6, 32 |81.0| 56 | 57 | 56.5 8 eS 64 76.2 23. 83 181.8] 56 | 62 | 59.4 Gt ey 66 76.5 76. 83 |82.5| 60 | 62 | 61.0 BORE fo. 66 76.5 78. 85 | 83.2| 60 | 62 | 61.0 67 76.5 : 85 | 83.5| 60 | 62 | 61.2 Sale 67 76.8 85 | 83.8} 61 | 64 | 62.7 67 76.7 85 |82.6| 56 | 64 | 60.3 67 | 66.0 77.0 85 | 84.0] 63 | 64 | 63.5 67 | 66.0 77.0 85 |84.0| 63 | 64 | 63.5 67 | 66.0 77.0 85 | 84.0] 63 | 64 | 63.5 67 | 66.0 77.1 87 |85.5| 63 | 64 | 63.4 67 | 64.2 76.4 90 | 88.8} 62 | 64 | 62.8 tae 62 | 62.0 76.0 90 |89.0| 61 | 62 | 61.2 67 | 65.0 76.8 90 |85.9| 61 | 64 | 63.0 ee 67 (67.0 78.0 87 | 87.0| 64 | 64 | 64.0 64 [64.0 76.0 90 | 900| 63 | 63 | 63.0 62 162.0 76.0 90 | 90.0] 61 | 61 | 61.0 ioe 64 164.0 78.0 87 | 87.0] 64 | 64 | 64.0 63 (63.0 76.0 90 | 90.0] 63 | 63 | 63.0 UBDT be 61 {61.0 76.0 90 | 90.0} 61 | 61 | 61.0 67 163.5 76.7 | 6 ' 64 | 62.7 s va © r—) 620 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. SHEEP AND WOOL—Continued. TABLE 230.—Wool: Wholesale price per pound in Boston, 1913-1918—Continued. Fine Fine medium territory, territory, Fine fall, Pulled, ; 12 months, Texas A super- aes oe aloghing scoured. scoured. scoured, Date. 7 ‘ lelai- lelal. lelal, leila Z i; = > i > = > SjH/< |All aa 50), 302; 000 5.79 | 291,307,000 || 1915.......... 64, 618, 000 9.87 | 637,479, 000 Dish cnc ces. 51, 603, 000 4.72 | 243,418,000 |} 1916.......... 67, 766, 000 8.40 | 569, 573, 000 1890, census LOLT sivenvard 67, 503, 000 11.75 | 792, 898, 000 Junel..... YN ee” Sone IOUS. sc skaxet 70,978,000 | 19.54 |1, 387, 261,000 I winnie ws 50, 625, 000 4.15 | 210,194,000 || 1919.......... 75, 587, 000 22. 04 |1, 665, 987, 000 Meneses 1 Estimates of numbers revised, based on census data. Statistics of Farm Animals and Their Products. 623 SWINE—Continued. TABLE 234.—Swine; Number and value on farms Jan. 1, 1918 and 1919, by States. Farm value (thou- sands of dollars) Jan. 1— Number (thou- sands) Jan. 1— Average price per head, Jan. 1— State. 1919 1918 1918 110 $24. 00 $23.00 2,300 66 25. 00 25. 00 1, 400 gists es, AE SE IE ee 125 23. 00 22. 20 2, 620 PRACOMIBE LIE oP. S50 oe re ck deccsupeen- 147 26. 00 23. 00 2,599 Rhode Island... .- 27, 2 SRY Fane 14 28.00 25. 00 400 (OCTET OVS op a a 83 27.00 26. 00 1, 664 Pedy PROTEC 0b. ese See oe ES. Se 814 26. 00 23. 60 18, 290 TRE POISON 6s «ere ee seek eee ee 209 30. 30 26. 20 4, 559 Dain h 07 OCS SS Clo ee ee ae 1,420 26. 00 22. 30 28,789 ler ol. pees See eee eee eee 71 19. 50 17.00 1,088 PEE VIR SD tid atta Ha ob we erase 21.00 16.00 6, 208 WES a a SS ee Re Se eee 2 1,134 18. 00 13. 90 14, 484 VE MEO oo a ee 18. 50 16. 00 6, 752 Morumcaromna.2 cf 08 ss Uo 5e 1, 546 21. 00 17.10 23, 940 Seath Caroling. 02... * SS eco 1,056 21. 00 15. 50 14, 880 Oy ee Bee ee a ee ene 3, 043 17. 50 14. 50 40, 107 COLT: Dae oS A Se ee 1,512 13. 00 10. 60 14, 575 Dire ee kos Iso ae os 4, 266 21. 80 20. 50 79, 499 SP eS os Soa a ee 4, 668 23. 30 20. 20 84, 194 0 eee Oe Ee ee eee 5, 724 25. 00 22.00 112, 442 MTCUIPE CISL oe ee tenes LA Sst 1,355 23. 60 19. 80 25, 304 COLE SUL = ete 8 BS SE ee A ee 2,181 26. 50 22. 30 45, 024 WIERD eS abs chk oo ot pk sess couecwuede 2,784 28. 50 23. 50 56, 400 Mess Stes s) Sis ol oSe.c eae he 10, 925 27. 50 24. 20 249, 429 WSSOUN see ccs cticcse se cte dvs weet eetses 4, 943 18. 50 18. 50 83, 139 peimnwatal. 9% S25. ee edo S2 456 24. 70 20. 80 10, 546 South Dakotas. -~. “ > a r a | ped Ss ee a ee = 1913 Dols.|Dols.|Dols.| Dols.|Dols.| Dols.| Dols. Dots Dols.| Dols.| Dols. Dols. Jan tne Jci55¢20.2.24 7.45|10. 00, 8. 64) 7.20, 9. 50| 8.44) 6.95) 9.60] 8.31) 6.95) 9.25 8.1 Fos is 7.60) 9.60) 8.58) 7.25] 9.50] 8.46] 7.15) 9.65] 8.20) 7.20) 9.25 7.96 | 1914 j Janedune.>..2-2:-2 8 8.00) 9.15 75] 8.95] 8. 49] 7.60] 9.00] 8.37) 7 20 July=Ded.1-si5.2:2-..8 6. 40 8. 32] 6.80| 9.85) 8. 31) 6.50/10. 20] 8.06, 6. 89 1915 Jan Jules; assices ls 6. 50| 8.00} 7.35] 6.00] 7.97] 7.25] 6.15] 7.95] 7.01) 6. 93 July—Dee.--22. sa2<2-. 6.25| 8.70| 7.41] 6.15| 8.75] 7.36] 5. 80| 8.95] 7.07) 6. 79. 1916 Jaliqdtne. ease cssce 6. 4010.25) 8. 84] 6.00/10. 25) 9.01] 6.45/10. 30) 8.97) 6. 65 Jaly“Dec:5:20c.c2: oe 7. 35|11. 40/10. 06} 8. 90/11. 50|10, 17} 8. 50|11. 60] 9.94) 7. 74 1917 9 Jantiaty< cbs: -2-- stan 10. 60/11. 35/11. 01} 9. 90/12. 00)10. 92! 9. 75|12. 00/10. 82’ 9. February....-..-...--- 11. 85/12. 7512. 44]11. 75/13. 70/12. 43)11. 25|13. 55|12. 36 11. Matol. 2. sar. 25s... 13. 20/15. 25]14. 54/10. 30/15. 50)14. 57|12. 85/15. 50/14. 57 12. Aprile 6s fo zzsaet 15, 25 16, 10|15. 66|14. 65/16. 40|15. 76/14. 65)16. 45)15. 63 14. ye ae aad went ~! | 15. 35/16, 25)15. 84/15. 25/16. 5515. 99/15. 00116. 60/15. 80 14. BiviGs. . 25 G3 ee 15, a 75/15, 54)14. 85 16, 05 15. 68)14. 15]16. 15)15. 39 14. Jan.-June......- 10. 60/16. 25)14. 17] 9. 90|16. 55|14. 23] 9. 75|16. 60\14. 10 Joly. o.<.8 passer: 15. 40|15. 65)15. 52/15. 00/16. 12/15. 59/14. 00/16. 30/15. 10 14. 50/16. 60/15. 21|14. 00/15. 65/14. Anptist. Joes. a8 16. 00/19. 00|17. 19}15. 50/19. 80/17. 58/14. 50/20. 00|16. 88 14. : September........---.- 18. 00/18. 75]18. 32|16. 00/19. 35/18. 45)16. 50/19. 70)18. 04 October... 78. kes! 15. 40/19. 15]17. 60|15. 50/19. 7517. 88/14. 25]19. 65/17. 00 November............. 15. 50/17, 25)16. 58|16. 25/18, 0017. 43/15. 75|18. 10/16. 95. December.........-..- 16, 25|17. 40|16. 76|15. 85/17. 80|17. 01/15. 40|17. 75/16. 68 July-Dec........ 15. 40|19. 15|17. 00|15. 0019. 80/17. 32|14. 00/20. 00|16. 78 1918 Jannary...Cieo ros 16, 25/17. 25]16. 60]15. 25) 16095) 15. 6815. 00!16. 95/16. 25 February.............. 16, 25)17. 6516. 85]14. 00/17. 65/16. 16/15. 75|17. 55|16. 57 Minol. <2 ° 2) ae e506, 17. 25/18. 25]17. 88]16. 25|18, 20/17. 3416. 15]18. 10|17. 35, fe eee BE eae 17. 90/18. 00|17. 99]15. 00}18. 0017. 38/16. 95|18. 00/17. 61 5 RG 89 Seat Ea 17. 00}17. 90|17. 49|16. 00/18. 00/16. 90|16. 30|18. 25117. 50 Tyr | ey Sai ai aa 16. 25/16. 75|16. 52}16. 10 17. 00/16, 38|15, 25|17. 20/16. 65 1 Jan.-June...... . .|16, 25|18, 25/17. 2214. 00|18. 20/16. 64/15. 00/18. 25/16. 99 15, 00/17. 75116. 61/15. Se =>, $e a 16. 65,18. 75/17. 61/16, 35/19. 30/17. 88|16. 25/19. 30|17. 61 16. 30 19. 00117. 5516.1 RT Re ME pee oes 18. 75 19. 85|19. 34/18. 50/20. 00/19. 54/17. 10|19. 25|18. 44 1 September............. 19. 75/20. 25)19. 98|18. 90/20. 75/19. 99/18. 35/20. 40|19. 24 AN ee a YS Sa 16. 00/19. 60)17. 66/16. 75|19. 75/18. 02|14. 00|19. 25]17. 24) November............. 14. 50/17. 75|16. 79/16. 75) 18. 5017. 74|16. 50|18. 4017. 19 December............. 14. 50/17. 40)15. 99|14. 00|18. 2017. 17/15. 60/17. 80)17. aay July-Dec........ 14. ein . 25,17, 90,14, 00/20. i i ee wi 40)17, 9, 14. vs 65 18, 12 Statistics of Farm Animals and Their Products. 625 SWIN E—Continued. TABLE 236.—Hogs: Farm,price per 100 pounds, 1910-1918. el Tinta. | 191s | 1917 | 1916 | 1915 | 1914 | 1913 | 1912 | 1911 | 1910 OO) ee re F 315.26 | $9.16] $6.32] $6.57| $7.45] $6.77| $5.74| $7.44 $7.76 LL SA ay eee 15.03 | 10.33| -7.07| 6.34] 7.75] 7.17| 5.79| 7.04| 7.87 as agg eee NIT T 15.58 | 12.32| 7.86] 6.33] 7.80] 7.62| 5.94) 6.74| 8.93 2 3a eee 15.76] 13.61] 821| 6.48] 7.80] 7.94] 6.78| 6.17| 9.2 Re ee 15.84 | 13.72| 8.37] 6.77] 7.60] 7.45| 6.79| 5.72) 8.59 0. S08 ae ee 15.37] 13.50| 8.21| 6.80] 7.43| 7.61] 6.65| 5.66| 8.46 Stile Tee eee aC 15.58| 13.35| 8.40] 6.84] 7.72] 7.81| 6.64| 5.92) 8.15 Ree agl beec8t 1 EST on 7 16.89| 14.24] 8.61] 6.61| 811| 7.79| 7.11] 6.54| 7.78 (Se 17.50] 15.69| 9.22| 6.79] 8.11| 7.68| 7.47] 6.53| 8.27 a eae 16.50| 16.15] 8.67| -7.18| 7.43| 7.60| 7.70] 6.09) 8.08 Med ag PaO 9F 2 8RT 032 15.92| 15.31] 8.74] 6.35| 7.00| 7.33) 7.05| 5.86| 7.61 ee ete, ect 15.82| 15.73] 8.76| 6.02| 6.67| 7.16| 6.89| 5.72| 7.16 THE FEDERAL MEAT INSPECTION. Some of the principal facts connected with the Federal meat inspection as admin- istered by the Bureau of Animal Industry are shown in the following tables. The figures cover the annual totals beginning with the fiscal year 1907, which was the first year of operations under the meat-inspection law now in force. The data given comprise the number of establishments at which inspection is conducted; the num- ber of animals of each species inspected at slaughter; the number of each species condemned, both wholly and in part, and the percentage condemned of each species and of all animals; the quantity of meat products prepared or processed under Federal ey and the quantity and percentage of the latter condemned. urther details of the Federal meat inspection are published each year in the Annual Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. TaBLe 237.—Number of establishments inspected and total number of animals slaughtered - under Federal inspection annually, 1907 to 1918. Estab- lish- 1 , nent | : ; ; Lam Y ear ending June 30— ee Cattle. Calves. Swine. | Sheep. Goats , animals } Cp a ee | 708 | 7,621,717 | 1,763,574 | 31,815,900! 9,681,876] 52,149 | 50,935,216 Rete bind. f5c0. a % = 787 | 7,116,275 | 1,995,487 | 35,113,077 9, 702, 545 45,953 | 53,973,337 iL ae eae 876 | 7,325,337 | 2,046,711 | 35,427,931 | 10,802,903] 69,193 | 55,672,075 LEIS Total wool... .do...| 534,828,022 |142, 420,734 | 372,372,218 |131, 137,170 Total animal fibers | pounds..........-..! 576, 753,319 |266, 754,389 | 412,723, 641 291,708,978 | 422, 412,300 1 Forest products come with the scope of the Department of Agriculture and are therefore included in alphabetical order in these tables. 2 Including all imported free of duty. 387, 000, 723 627 628 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TaBLE 241.—... 4 106,864 | 1,598, 465 73,367 | 1,274,660 Sumac, ground, WOUNGEs wwieide ss sens 21,542,390 555, 276 11, 637,023 365,173 a 4 eS ee be ec eer O68, 166) |S oe aee we. 792, 064 Total tanning ma- Pe apie) See pee UE ER 4 ee 85887207! | vee avelenen © 7,930, 698 Woo0d,not elsewhere spec- ified— Brier root or brierwood andivy or laurel root.|............. Chair canoe or reed. .....|...-..... Pip 457, 587 || ads ames canae 205,806 os. vensesese unsawed— PT Teer M feet 740, 488 Mahogany ..... do . 2, 781,372 OS eT) a ee be RR RP ol Bees te Se Total cabinet woods]............- Q OUI 107 icniteanene Logsand round timber Mi teot bap euacbunt beds 4 Lum ber— Boards, deals, planks, and other sawed lumber....... Mfeet..| 1,218,416 | 23, 131,327 LOGE Ss iicak sndawal 3 2) 207, 223 Shingles............ M.. 3, 503, 696 SUMNE Li 3... ccasienekaleeetoetinee POOO0G ls ccdutadeces ee eee Imports and Exports of Agricultural Products. 631 Taste 241.—Agricultural imports of the United States during the 3 years ending June 80, 1918—Continued. ns Year ending June 30— Article imported. 1917 1918 (preliminary). Quantity. Quantity. Quantity. Value. | a | VEGETABLE MATTER—CON. Forest products—Contd. Pulp wood— PelGA 212). 552 cords. - $3, 959, 732 639, 816 | $4, 285, 282 822,816 | $7,821,335 ihe: bee 1, 282, 658 162,818 | 1,295,957 138,690 | 1,621, 306 feonen. 2 32-t 22) do. 2: , 307, 210, 527 1, 645, 781 Rattan and reeds......-.-|...--.-------| 1,720,816 |......-------| 1, 1/1, 002 |......------- 1, 781, 239 lei ss ors re spe est. -. 2s 2 198, 692 [5-52 7-2--+ <3 80,238, Ae o.35 1, 281, 626 Total wood, n.e.s....-|....---------| 44,682,007 |..........---| 47,205,609 |...---------- 61, 173, 338 Wood pul Chemical— : Bleached.long tons. 3, 025, 941 47,767 | 4,723,371 18, 044 2, 135, 384 Unbleached. .do..-. 10, 693, 736 381,601 | 30,720, 219 296,465 | 23,314, 875 Mechanical. ..-do.... 3, 148, 173 270,107 | 7,018, 404 189,599 | 6, 138, 831 Total wood pulp, long tons. -.-.---- 504,108 | 31, 589,090 Total forest prod- sie bt) EE Bot BOB | ons. pf ONO, 490 | 2 oe =~ =n 335, 434, 206 its: Fresh or dried— Bananas..... bunches. . 12, 106, 158 34, 549,383 |. 15,147, 643 Currants. - --- - pounds 1,382, 839 | 10,476,534 5, 168, 070 561, 904 Lec ae mene 547, 433 | 25,485,361 5, 572, 908 249, 621 ips ces. do... 315,831 | 16, 479, 733 10, 473, 219 715, 423 Grapes.....- cubic feet - - 703,274 | 1,402, 446 556, 558 648, 093 Lemons... ..-- pounds. .|........-.---| 2,062,030 |............-)° 2,163, 583 /./.-...---.-- 27179, 211 ROVER Cig 0 co 3 gallons. . 1, 062, 487 Siar pounds? 23 232 =35.2-< e248 BE = LE ee 62, 906 Pineapples. -.....22.---|2s-2-.-----2:]-- 964,623 ).:....2.2--.-]-- 980,900 |.......----=- 801, 298 migsS 2222 pounds. - af x 153, 319 RE So nek ae etl: eeeteseeseee] 1,582,600 |-...-.-.-----] 1,936, 561 |.-..--------- 2,114, 444 Total fresh or dried -..|........-.-.- 2.97/34 1G Ng am ei as 24 b34,3805 |... 2 55- eee 23, 696, 349 Prepared or preserved....|....-...----- GRE G2S Yaa ee - =o ao ae 781; SSB ose eancsee oo 712, 428 RiatatOrpltaresscs et |Get can. se 2+ 285 GID) Ata. b 25,315, 951 42 ecd-seocsa 24, 408, 777 Grain and grain products: Grain— Genris.= soos. bushels 2,965,003 | 2,267,209 | 1,488,529 | 3,196,420 | 3, 483, 101 Sinise enc eacs On: 302, 547 761, 644 473,476 | 2,591,077 | 1,963, 447 Wheat.-....----- do. =! 5,789, 321 | 24,138,817 | 41,900,498 | 28,177,281 | 56, 873,063 Total grain. ...do... 8,956,871 | 27,167,760 964,778 | 62,319, 611 —————— SS ——_—— | ee —__nnnn Grain products— bread and’ biscuit .. ..-[s.-22..--.-26 213,400 }.......--.--:| 148,401 |..-.......--- 100, 141 Macaroni, vermicelli, ces eee pounds..| 21,789,602} 1,525, 695 3, 472, 503 669, 524 54,713 Meal and flour— Wheat flour, barrels. . 1, 689, 418 174,704 | 1,458,279 675,096 | 6,372,333 Lj te SIGE. a Sy a ek ee SUR 710 ee 3, 664.270 feeuwegsac. 2a. | 7,445, 828 Total grain prod- ATOLSE esa Unc su Nobis sheen -- tele 62680, 480 [0s os... 22 28]! (0) O00, CUS plca ae), . Fs 13, 973, 015 -- Total grain and | grain Products, |... ~ sk os TG Bat O00 Ve ceca - cat AD BOG BTS NC~8 9.28 i620. 76, 292, 626 PIR es win vine 5 3% long tons. . 679, 412 58, 147 628, 021 410, 738 4,618, 764 fidpaes borne 2 cose pounds. . 144, 627 236, 849 59, 201 121, 288 72, 450 MAGICOS. A. 2.5 dace dor... 8,235,670 | 2,812,739 | 4,108,910} 3,126,497 | 3,895, 114 Licorice root......... Gest. 1,609,571 | 59,400,224 | 2,190,822 | 26,982,982 | 1,853, 927 Le a SSS ———___—___, | __________—_ |_____. _ --——————— 632 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TABLE 241.—Agricultural imports of the United States during the 3 years ending ~ June 30, 1918—Continued. Year ending June 30— Article imported, 1916 1917 , | 1918 (preliminary). Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. | Quantity. VEGETABLE MATTER—CON. Distilled spirits— Brandy. ...proof galls.. 536,342 | $1,576, 481 420, 567 | $1,502, 845 $1, 149, 969 Cordials, liqueurs, etc., Fi, proof galls............ 330, 452 794, 553 357, 311 902, 696 215, 803 Gis. 5.0. proof ow aS 805, 749 749,775 263, 520 439,244 256, 158 Whisky.......... ....) 1,742,197 | 3,677,662] 1,676,151 | 4,404,486 2, 487, 831. Othertiaesesss2 do.=%2 538, 759 433, 098 397, 934 543, 620 221, 722 ; Total distilled spirits, ent proof galls.......... 3,953,499 | 7,231,569 3,115,483 | 7,792,891 4,331, 483 Malt liquors— eae — Bottled........ gallons. . 872, 402 850, 913 632, 064 717, 653 416, 576 Unbottled....... do....| 1,740,333 605, 980 1, 608, 113 682, 843 292,331. Total malt liquérs, : Po ot: Oa a Sp 2,612,735 | 1,456, 893 2,240,177 | 1,400,496 | Wines— . Champagne and other spar. .-.doz. qts.. 206,210 | 3,532,022 195,714 | 3,442, 645 Still wines— Tons hee Ul Bottled ...... doz. qts.. 546,119 | 2,197,311 534,402 | 2,485,014 415, 491 ; Unbottled..... gallons..| 3,455,756 | 2, 267, 561 3,167,400 | 2,558, 086 2,357,862 | - 2, 209, : | Total still wines......|.......-.-.-- ee ae Be 5, 048,100; |: Oo eas 4, 447, 076 6, 614, 703 | Total ‘alcoholic liq- a HOM cpet omens eles Odes 0.022 = 16, 685, 356 |i¢.c2...- 5... 17, 679,132) | seer ees 11, 655, 093 - i Malt, barley. (See Grain ar and grain products.) ‘ P Malt liquors. (See Liq- 7 uors, alcoholic.) Nursery stock: Plants, trees, shrubs, and vines— Bulbs, bulbous roots or & corms, cultivated for their flowers or foli- a eee he ee M.. 231,733 | 2,180, 687 293,318 | 2, 886; 189 233, 219 2, 804, 057 Oier. 25 Sk MAES. Ra 1,608; 677 io. oeeebvou a 1; 078, $24 | airedothts aes 523, Total nursery stock...|............- S76SOfS6R I. bees cae 8,964, 518), ads mn came 3, 327, 697 Nuts: Almonds— Shelled........ pounds..| 13,667,766 | 3,700,298 | 18,413,225 | 4,621,100 | 19,561,155 4,956,419 Unshelled........do....| 2,929,155 272,815 5, 010, 833 548, 826 4, 278, 990 497, Coconuts, unshelled......)..........--6 1, S70sO0Oticasneasucacee 2,687,535 |. ccsucuviveese|/ > ay teepoue Coconut meat, broken, or copra— Not shredded, desic- eated, or prepared, POUMIR: Ho 5 evawa desire 110,077,844 | 4,551,427 | 247,057,739 | 12,517,982 | 486,996,112 | 26, 945,569 Shredded, desiccated, or prepared.pounds..| 8,535, 725 698, 357 9, 743, 024 727,424 | 20,579,973 2,396, 104 Cream and Brazil, . ona siep is eeenseuhehn 14, 798, 912 917,613 | 14,627,742 712,433 | 30,439, 095 1,470,089 ‘ilberts— Shelled.......pounds..| 1,133,915 230, 854 2,058, 732 487,021 | . 3,279,807 615, 226 ; Unshelled .......d0....| 9,785,545 819,508 | 11,181,301 | 1,354,257 | 17,366,979 1, 869, 430 *eanuts— Shelled ....../... do....| 19,392, 832 722,939 | 27,180,748 | 1,193,364 | 73,362,215 4,617,560 Unshelled........ do....| 9,020, 848 328, 099 7,806, 012 339, S11 3,150, 747 153, Walnuts— ee do....| 14,228,714 | 3,157,933 | 13,058,518 | 3,713,340] 11, 155,660 4,251, 567 Unshelled........ do....| 22,630,220 | 1,899,012 | 25,666,844 | 2,497,454 12,133, 510 1, 438, OCREE co ccccvcccccscncence|senceecsctios 1, 906,896 |}. 0. cnuscanaus 1,575, 139 |......-. F DU OBS oicensalasit souedicas | 21,172,417 |.......+000e. | $2, 876, 696:|...cascancs ..| 52,847,313 Imports end Exports of Agricultural Products. 633 TaBLe 241.—Agricultural imports of the United, States during the 3 years ending June 30, 1918—Continued. Year ending June 30— Articie imported. 1916 1917 1918 (preliminary). . Quantity. | Value. Quantity. Value. VEGETABLE MATTER—CON. Gileake..-..).-..- pounds..| 37,645,777 $408,808 | 52,671,866 35, 149, 142 $574, 032 Oils, vegetable: Fixed or expressed— Cocoa butter or butter- BGS maine = pounds. . 400, 371 129, 654 166, 172 405 74 Coconut oil..-pounds..| 66,007,560 | 6,047,183 | 79,223,398 259, 194,853 | 30,919, 783 Cottonseed......- do....| 17,180,542 915,972 | 13,703,126 14,291,313 | 1,629,111 Flaxseed or linseed, Son 50, 148 33, 295 110, 808 50, 827 32, 203 Nut oil, or oil of nuts, n. e. s.— Chinese nut-gallons..| 4,968,262 | 1,977,823 6, 864, 110 4,815, 740 4, 038, 072 65 ae do....| 1,475,123 818, 283 3,026,188 7,311, 824 Olive for mechanical ; ...-gallons. . 884, 944 684, 896 651,018 94, 629 Olive, salad...... do....| 7,224,431 | 9,746,672] 7,533,149 3, 873, 211 Palm on: 2... pounds..| 40,496,731 | 2,885,595 | 36,074,059 2,527,301 Palm kernel. .... ado.22 6, 760, 928 512, 666 1, 857, 038 2,583 Rapeseed...... Hlons..| 2,561,244] 1,426,659 | 1,084,905 2; 702, 920 Soya bean..... pounds..| 98,119,695 | 5,128,200 | 162,690, 235 32, 827, 460 WARM os. dares same c= femn ener vo=see US) Lf 2 a eas ee My SS ae ae 2,027, 137 Total fixed or ex- pressed... ....-..5.|-----<------- SOFS2S S08 16 See 43,568,555 |....4.o20 ..|. 87,985, 308 Volatile or essential— Birch and cajeput......|.--------- os SAIN oo tecadeowses S35002- fee cock sn-n-e 25, 981 Lemon......-- pounds. . 543, 857 441,910 449, 735 373, 933 427,318 pti A eee ee Sse ree 2,040, 57E-|on con ~a cae 3, O88 27F Sa. ee es vt 3, 884, 287 Total voiatile or es- RBUNEE anncegaaraleanseceowens's 3, LUG, O00 |. ccsaseuncae ee iy ane 4,337, 586 Total vegetable oils...|.....-..----- [38,908,054 [ow feces eee: eg ere 92, 323, 894 Opium, crude... --pounds.. 146,658 | 879, 699 | 86, 812 2, 443, 228 : P.ice, rice meal, etc.: Rice— Cleaffed....... pounds..| 121,023,906 | 2,867,453 | 97,453,036 | 2,735,702 | 345,676,204 | 12, 224, 984 Uncleaned, including paddy...... pounds..| 87,671,332 | 2,215,273 | 80,865,798 | 2,290,173 | 62,317,754 | 2,558,034 Rice flour, rice meal, and broken rice, DOMMES Sco ccmscn sus. 55,628,767 | 1,010,885 | 37,730,024 747,922 | 48,064,650 | 1,528, 687 Total rice, etc., pounds........... 264,324,005 | 6,093,611 | 216,048,858 | 5,773,797 | 456,058,608 | 16,311,705 Sago, tapioca, etc.........--|-.-------++-- 2,226, 697 |........ Sar Hte SMD {ey «dese 5, 530, 889 Seeds: Castor beans or seeds, Dushels....-.0...22-s0.- 1,071,963 | 1,555, 899 766,857 | 1,184,985 | 1,222,934 2,640,902 33,476,401 | 4,918,171 | 5,971, 267 936, 092 905, 709 162, 418 8, 363, 360 822,572 | 12,200,892 | 1,569,782 | 7,072,386 | 1,322,027 14, 679, 233 | 20,220,921 | 12,393,988 | 25,149,689 | 13,187,609 | 33, 850, 054 8, 790, 920 698, 630 9, 187, 613 849, 630 5, 974, $4 504, 240 9, 042,490 | 1,030,788 | 14,469,774 | 1,684,867 | 15,635,542 | 4, 541, 226 OS AG aS re a Raa WS 7 eR ly CR ee HN he abana ere 33, 571, 760 |...........-.| 35, 879, 665 |.............]° 50, S41, 623 LE 634 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TABLE 241.—Agricultural sag a ohn ms pi during the 3 years ending ‘une 30, —Continued. Year ending June 30— : 1918 (preliminary). | Article imported. 1917 Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. a ee eE VEGETABLE MATTER—CON,. Spices: Unground— : Cassia, or cassia vera, HOUMp Geet oa Se yc es 9, 707, 982 $623, 478 8, 744, 044 $740, 846 8, 220, 023 $856, 035 Ginger root, not pre- sermed ] 2 xs pounds..| 7,322,399 540, 007 2, 590, 279 243, 962 6, 554, 069 601, 392 Pepper, black or white, POUNAS eset sabe es 37,389,324 | 4,505,380 | 23,961,966 | 3,636,049 | 38, 545, 653 6, 043, 483 Othersssiscn5 pounds. . 26, 452 2,107 13, 785 B79 Oo Soe ea ee ee a 2 pounds............. os; | 5,670, 972 a aia 4,621,736 | 53,319,745 | 7,500,910 Ground......... pounds... — 3,277,757 | 23,220,288 | 3,123, 286 24,751,425 | 4,018, 304 Total spices....do...-| 82,517,789 8,948,729 | 58,530,362 | 7,745,022 | 78,071,170 | 11,519,214 SAREE Be od pounds..| 2, 467, 038 123,838 | 20,647, 893 973,530 | 23,852,145 | 1,673,477 Sugar and molasses: Molasses.........gallons..| 85,716,673 | 3,775,894 | 110,237,888 | 10,946,571 | 130,730,861 | 9,177,833 Sugar— Raw— Bees i as.% pounds. . 2,050 174 28, 847 1, 443 750 73 Cane. Mecsxt ce do. -< 5,631,272,766 |208, 572, 890 |5,329,587,360 |230, 574, 221 |4,898,277,025 | 236, 105, 886 aple sugar an sirup....- pounds..| 1, 886, 933 196,335 | 3, 129,647 370,030 | 5,049, 474 909, 412 Total raw..do. .. .|5,633,161,749 |208, 769, 399 |5,332,745,854 |230, 945, 694 237, 015, 371 Total sugar and SGIASSES. (2 2 ods ea cansy cas avs 212, 4D, 208 +) sen cae ede de 241, 803, 265. |. os... andes 246,193,204 Sie Sats ates becauee pounds..| 109, 865,935 | 20,599,857 | 103,364,410 | 19,265,264 | 151,314,932 | 30, 889, 030 Tea, waste, etc., for manu- facturing........ pounds. . 4,794, 542 200,115 7,975, 343 404, 280 |. . -. sees aus cea} , Ly Q0%s:870 laws conse -» J2mliy ee ene ee 2,150,537 Total fresh and dried.|.........----|« 7,145,560 |.......---.--| 24,366, 629 |.........-... 27,799 ,08 . Prepared or preserved— ushrooms...pounds..} 4,313,005 4, 384, 788 798,697 Pickles and sauces. ...Jecsss-cs=ESIE™__Oo@=—™NT™MBBILLDaMa@—|]}!=!=!=—_ "—O"———a————S=_—_ ——S==|—_s —————— liecmaths.. ..-pounds.. 76,596 54,017 21, 782 Og gee greet es conn eet a <<, Wool do....| 4,418,915 2, 264, 320 | 2,148,350 | 1,230,296 |...... aerate 916, 506 Total animal fibers...! 4,495,511 | 2,318,337 | 2,170,132 | 1,243,714 993, 143 916, 506 Crt eee gate pounds..} 4,946, 228 531,329 | 4,064, 231 | 513,77. 4,935, 151 839, 197 2 Te Bie eee eae re See ee See pi ey 736, 139 16, 090; 672 2, 509, 570 _—SSSSSS eee 636 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TaBLeE 242.— Agricultural exports (domestic) of the United States during the 3 years end- ing June 30, 1918—Continued. Year ending June 30— Article exported. 1916 1917 1918 (preliminary). Quantity. Value, Quantity. Quantity. Value, ANIMAL MATTER—Ccontd. Packing-house products: Beef— Canned ....... greg 50,803,765 | $9,439,066 | 67,536,125 |$16,946,030 | 97,366, 983 |, 051, 507 Cured or pickled.do....} 38,114, 682 ’ 053,667 | 6,728,359 | 54,867,310] 7, 702/308 Lp ye es et ee do..i: Tt 197,177,101 | 26, 277,271 370, 057; 514 | 67,386,359 Oils—oleo oil. . ..do.. 102, 645,914 7,110,111 | 11,065,019 , 648,102 | 12,166, 482 Oleomargarine...do.. 5, 426, 221 5, 651, 267 901, 659 1, 631, 267 Stearin.:. 023222 do... 13, 062, 247 12) 936, 357 | 1,798,317 10; 252 522 2,180,485 THlnw oes do:...| 16, 288) 743 15, 2097 369 , 800, 5, 014, 964 Total beef. ....do...-| 457,555,572 65,517,564 | 600,612,291 Bones and manufactures of.|......-... coe] OF, 586 [Lo cee cee] =| N08 S77) uneeeee neeeeeeeee Grease, grease scraps, and all soap stock— ) Lapritacitigs + 25225252 i sii sce ees sone 35994; 406 1 22 Le eee Ss 2,816, 958 2,986,815 Soap Shock). Sess dit alas. oe Ses bon 3,156; 608; <- staan os 3, 405, 227 2,612, 488 5 i | ee ees ageee ON yer Ee See 2; 088 838: |. 22 ae seees 1,461,354 |? Cees 080, _— and skins, other than urs— Calfskins.....-.. pounds..} 1,574,369 469, 637 549, 459 1, 462, 456 Cattle hides........d0.... 13, 23847 190 | 2, 938, 925 2,041, 357 1,953, 700 Horeesens en ” 266, 743 34) 481 A 11, 832 ] Othe... dee do... a; 966, 717 432) 208 347,115 661, 505 d SE 17,092,019 | 3,875,251 2,970, 831 4,089, 493 Hoofs, horns, and horn : sia tips, strips, and waste..|............- 37,558 |.c-.c0-csces:]- G0, GUN | nooneeneee 338, 642 Lar compounds, ! . BOUNGS. 2 Hed 2200 n'0's- 52, 843,311 | 5,147,434 8, 269, 844 6, 613, 640 | Ment; vained ;i1-6-8-32.. |oecSce ssc 2,335; O0B Tei eees- sence 4, 320; 652"). Lwnckenen 5,683, 928 Mutton......... pounds. - 3 552,918 696, 882 3,195,576 "481, 526 453, 232 Oils, animal, n. e. S., gallons serewucerdseeeees 655, 587 492,964 416, 213 378, 294 579, 631 Pork— , Canned....... pounds..| 9,610,732 | 1,815,586 5, 896, 126 5,194, 468 1, 731, 835 Cured— ; Bacon....-. pounds..| 579,808,786) 78,615,616] 667,151,972) 117,221,668} 815,319,424) 221, 477, 220 Hams and shoulders, pounds... -| 282,208,611) 40,803,022) 266,656,581] 49,574,041) 419,571, 869) 108, 106, 862 Salted or Pickled, pounds... .| 63,460,713} 6,752,356] 46,992,721] 6,941,306] 33, 221, 502 Total cured, pounds... .-| 925,478,110} 126,170, 994 | 980, 801, 274) 173, 737, 015/1, 268, 112, 795| 337, 129, 093 BIG .s.Newe a= gee rages 63,005,524) 7,523,408} 50,435,615) 8,875, 889 225, 987 jp RRS Sea 427; 011, 338 47, 634, 376) 444, 769, 540) 77, 00s, 913 98, 214,348 Lard, » neutral . 0 -| 34, 426, be 4, 046,397) 17, qi He 3, 168, 089 = , 074, 603 : pounds, . 3,164, 2, Oils—tard oil {Pounds - iipoot 309, eao{ 2209 sais} 321,721 Sik 126,672 1,462,697,062, 187, 500, 597 1,501,948, 125 264, 757, 232 Nee ee a SS SAE ee eae ee Total pork. .pounds. . Sausage and sausage meats— Canned....... pounds 6, 823,085) 1, 269, 866 6, 294, 950 CTEM. cts da wee OO .. awid 8,590,236) 1,732, 231 9,134, 471 Sausage casings..do....| 14,708,893) 2, 867, 681 6, 118, 060: AD OCR68 a vatcsncavessest Mle cans baded 5, 083, 862).............] 8,960,573). ) cuaaaes Total packing-house PFOGUCHG 2% as vue feb geres sees F7, 058, 0071 6 iva ex dent 604, 513, 766 ———— SS == ————X——_—_—— ==————S—=——=—=» Poultry axkh GMS. 25s co eue vine caaecaetonn 17661; SUG)... cJcwass uses 1, 241,144 Wool. (See eribers, ani- mal.) d Total animal matter..|............. “| Al 414,881, 177) ees ccdens , 008, SE) 6. eos 725, 725, 541 ———————— ‘ ! One gallon equals 7.5 pounds, Imports and Exports of Agricultural Products. 637 TABLE 242.—Agricultural exports (domestic) of the United States during the 3 yecrs end- ing June 80, 1918—Continued. Year ending June 30— Article exported. 1916 1917 1918 (preliminary). Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. VEGETABLE MATTER. Breadstuffs. (See Grain and grain products.) Broom corn. .... long tons. . 3, 698 $454, 749 $684, 682 $1, 293, 042 Cocoa, ground or prepared, PPLE ROWE o's a n\ac J oprai=| 2.4.6 <.05an ea cie Li G6S36b ae. 5... eae a3 3, 451, 519 Coffee: . Green orraw....pounds..| 35,333,483 | 5,361,055 | 42,916,479 | 6,405,837 | 40,905,750 5, 921, 883 Roasted or prepared, 356-169, 770} 18: 505, 147|o 096 550, gaup) 653, 731, 647 Linters.......- fioaraaia.. 195, 508° 053} 8, 992, 6854 936,974 152} 24, 110, 815{ 93, 062; 800 10, 659, 141 Totalcotton. . .do-. .. ./3,084,070,125 |374, 186, 247 6, 554, 431 3,088,080,786 |543, 074, 690 |2,320,511,665 | 665,024, 655 Flavoring extracts and fruit En CS See see) (he ee ees ACG Oda ae Awe 581, 550 1, 018, 102 PNOWereibae ss smotb ices sclscie ess cceue Barat ii5) Pek et. 105, 615 156, 559 Forest products: Bark,and extracf of, for tanning— ey ee long tons. . 5, 226 123, 675 1, 851 49, 807 -). §,857 . Bark, extracts o ’ SRA RR op a te ee 3, 908, 573 3, 804, 563 Total bark, etc 6, 026, 474 1,851 | 3,958,380 194 | 3,810,420 Logwood extract (1) 2, 339, 480 + Charcoal....... OE0G0 face ece ps neal | 100, 410) |- seen eat = nec] = see Sones ae 54, 720 99, 793 Naval stores— Rosin........ -barrels..| 1,571,279 | 8, 874, 313 10,705,972 | 1,073,889 | 7,876,718 Tar, turpentine, and pitch........ barrels. . 67, 963 291,731 561, 566 82, 030 598, 211 Turpentine, spirits of, gallons. #::3.2.....-.. 9,310,268 | 4,337,563] 8,841,875 | 4,313,670] 5,100,124 2,697,305 Total naval stores..|............- PAR EROB PENT ht UT Pap eekw0s | 26.2 --2-5 == | 11,172, 234 Wood— | Logs— Hickory 2... M feet... 2, 294 75, 888 251 13, 273 Oak euwedeeedes dos: 2, 019 53, 668 842 27, 817 (2) (2) Walnut...:.... do. 1,083 | ° 88, 255 1, 604 167, 350 Other -4.2....--d0-+,: 38, 996 757, 761 48, 537 784, 687 | Potelires:... do... 44,392 | 975,572 | 51,234 | 993,127 (2) (2) Logsand round timber— pl oo M feet. . 8, 527 129, 920 Pine, yellow...do-....| 6, 895 | 197, 816 Other logs— () (*) (8) (8) Hardwood. --do..... 1, 240 62, 600 Softwood. ...do-....| 17, 564 318, 843 Robabrs:s.: dees. (8) (8) (3) | (3) . 34, 226. 709, 179 1 Not stated. 2 Included in Logs and round timber, 8 Included in Logs, 638 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TABLE 242.—Agricultural exports (domestic) of the United States during the 3 years end- ing June 80, 1918—Continued. Year ending June 30— Article exported. 1917 1918 (preliminary). Quantity. Value. VEGETABLE MATTER—COn. Forest products—Contd. W ood—Continued. Lumber— Boards, deals, and : planks— Hy Cyprus. ...M eet. j 10, 521 $366, 510 $286, 882 $1, 262, 220 1 ee eee E 268,455 | 2,964, 948 3, 763, 049 6, 678, 416 Gum..... er E 32,185 969, 338 545, 762 1, 306, 829 Oak 2 cesecsu aes : 98,990 | 4,665,527 2, 332, 739 3,374, 823 Pine— ‘ White..... do... 34,267 | 1,140,247 957, 902 1,071, 112 Yellow— Pitch pine, : MIG8U.5 22-205 504,926 | 9,149,824 8,332, 957 9, 874, 981 Short-leaf pine, Midoets.....-2 2,185 79,147 183, 367 Other pine, feets.-<= 0 47,276 | 1,156,439 Poplars =: M feet. - 23, 356 , 044, 883 Redwood. .-.-.do-..-. 38,739 | 1,169,975 SPIUCe. ..2auis dos. 37,332 | 1,612, 892 Other.......-do.... 79,099 | 3,649, 360 Total.....2 do..--| 1,177,331 | 27,969, 090 Railroad ties, MUMS... ssw ee ce as 4, ay 265 | 2,439,094 Shingles....-..... M.. 20, 590 55, 604 Shooks— BOK 65.4 -piibe ces ecns stpeebe ie cand oli ky 900, Ofer eee wes e~Senee Cooperage number. - - Other......-. do...- 611,556 | 1,125,689 Total shookSinsc i) so usms:es sic cx} 0g 084,000 Nas cesetaetes 4, 386, 175 Staves and heading— Heading. 33 20.055 .5|teboracast ae OBT' |e oleae secu. 287, 174 Staves....number..} 57,537,610 | 3,529,181 3, 921, 882 Total and staves rey, bf ee | Per ear Be fie: ee ie 2) § 4, 209, 056 te RR eo SEEN, 006, AABN. co wveeseaabs 2, 023, 719) | dau adaxee aan Total luniber-.. <2}... 00+00<~~s 40, 709,336 |.-sevcweseess 41,070; 078; |... Jamunwawnae 59, 847, 580 Timber— HOW icc0s M feet... 252,576 211, 384 262, 333 Sawed— Pitch pine...do.... 3, 473, 686 , 368, 977 1, 948, 636 Other.) ...0s do..ds 340, 345 628, 762 Total timber, (_ $e 4, 066, 607 All other, including firewood.........|. Beesconcunte 164, 532 Total.wood.:...:)2-+ .- =~ => 13, 739, 342 893, 587 8, 187, 588 605, 620 5, 862, 605 627, S41 LETT ST Ties: et Cal Maras LET 2s lag a oe ae NS gh a St a 978, 298 Prunes......-- pounds..| 57,422,827 | 3,975,396 | 59,645,141 | 4,934,329 | 32,926,546 | 3,060, 691 EN anew an eo do..-.| 75,014,753 | 5,407,219 | 51,992,514 | 4,409,639 | 54,987,793 4,981, 270 esse... ...3.-1-.-¢-..--2--- wee, We ete acces Ces ae 4,192, 914 Total fresh or dried...|.......------ ris nee [oe 30, 848,326") 0020.2270.: | 23, 937, 707 Preserved— > ie ele ee ee a Pee a er OS Ue eee es A eee SUL CURL (19 Cae eee 2 6, 138, 692 7,024, 466 BRE ie aa oh | Fe te bo oc D7 BOS | soy ee oS 413, 291 1, 255, 191 SLGUONEROI VAG. ..22-|--------->-= RU 2 Pa 6, 551, 983 8, 279, 657 Total fruits.........-|..........---| 36,072,951 |...........--| 37,398,309 |............-| 32, 217, 364 chi) —— pounds. . 256,082 | 1,597,508 198,480 | 1,386,203 1,715, 548 Glucose and grape sugar: Glucose.......-. pounds. .| 148,523,098 | 3,772,860 | 170,025,606 | 5,960,586 4, 949, 159 Grape sugar......-. do....| 37,883, 034 962,101 | 44,947,709 | 1,398,145 1, 045, 512 Poe at grain products: rain— Barley.......- bushels.-.| 27,473,160 | 20,663,533 | 16,381,077 | 19,027,082 41,939, 964 Buckwheat...... ao... 515, 304 481,014 260, 102 350, 606 10, 347 a ee do....| 38,217,012 | 30,780,887 | 64,720,842 | 72,497, 204 75, 305, 692 i ae do....| 95,918, 884 | 47,985,790 | $8,944,401 | 55,034, 981 86, 125, 093 Ppbeest. .S... o do....| 14,532,437 | 15,374,499 | 13,260,015 | 21,599,631 24, 157,536 x Chelle do....| 173,274,015 |215, 532,681 | 149,831,427 |298, 179, 705 80, 802, 542 Total grain....do....| 349,930, 812 |330, 818, 404 | 333,397,864 |466, 689, 209 308, 341, 174 Grain products— ia = Bran and middlings, forig GeI8....--..-22-. 14, 613 432, 288 7,428 279, 650 236, 545 Breadstuff prepara- ee |S. 2 a a a tions— Bread and biscuit, 1 a i ae 11, 403,079 787,685 | 11,766,580 | 1,115,405 1,973, 388 ‘111.1: SERN PI SRN ee re Br OFA Oth agi tae Sts 7, 721, 856 10, 452, 435 Total breadstuff 5 ao ee ae | oe Ty Ses Se ae a NP A 8, 837, 261 12, 425, 823 ao SS ee = —S=S&Oom=—=={==™=EO=E=DEEEEEPSPE_qQqK$jq——=|] Distillers’ and brewers’ grains and = malt sprouts....long tons... 47, 448 47, 809 26,512 Malt.....:....bushels..| 3,682,248 | 3,881,700 5,881,287 | 2,641,270] 4,776,847 Meal and flour— Corn meal...barrels. . 419,979 Oatmeal. ...pounds..} 54,748,747 Rye flour.... barrels. . 119, 619 eat flour...do....} 15,520, 669 bg meal and Mill feed . .. .long tons. . wa ne Lard compounds. (See Meat and meat products.) a ff 1,601, 258 2,757,324 | 2,018,859 | 20,358, 644 1, 885, 622 4) 491, 154 | 346,560,222 | 17,567, 218 646,941 525, 347 844, 049 ‘043, SOS 87, 337, 805 93,198,474 | 21,880,151 | 2447861; 140 91, 471, 626 100, 972, 299 291, $30, 810 S01, 054 1, 693, 752 601, 196 1, 293,091 1, 133, 583 5, 622) 912 103, 789, 875 118, 845, 641 315, 570, 645 434, 608, 279 585, 534, 850 623, 911, 819 3, 267, 028 907, 401 4, 386, 929 993,773 640 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TaBLeE 242.—Agricultural exports (domestic) of the United States during the 3 yecrs end- ing June 80, 1918—Continued. Year ending June 30— 1918 (preliminary). Quantity. Value, Article exported. 1916 1917 Quantity. Quantity. Value. VEGETABLE MATTER—COR. Liquors, alcoholic: Disti ied spirits— Aleohol, including co- a e spirits, proof gallos nn o> 24, 433, 243 | $8,784,742 | 51,941,634 |$16, 627, 867 _.proofgallons..| 1,586,900 | 1,887,307 | 1,394,796 | 1,529, 113 ric a y— eee SS NS Fe Bourbon....... do... 88, 802 113, 863 59, 611 73,942 Wasisie nce do... 124.700 | 208/879 139,619 | 249,572 Total whisky .do.. 213,502 | 322, 742 199,230 | 323, 514 es tn a Pee do.. 50,259 | 67,595 515, 113 627, 575 Total distilled spirits, ‘ proof gallons....... 26, 283,904 | 11,062,386} 54,050,773 | 18,508,069 Malt li MEP Pes ed a SE Bottled dozen quarts... 674, 745 969, 071 966,146 | 1,379,921 2 5 Unbottled--.--gallons. . 328, 229 95, 556 249, 237 62,104 89, 434 50, 414 Total mait liquors....|.... esti: 1; Ser) 1, 442; 036 |... Z.20soeee 1,731, 159 Wines........... gallons..| 1,133,274 450,598 | 2, 245, 013 933,133 | 2,765,395 | 1,389,319 Total aleoholic liq- : > gS Sn ee 12,577, Ghie 02 1 20, BBS, 287 bexscaeee 8,839,118 Malt. (See ~ and ; grain Malt ait “Nquors. See Liq- M (See Grain ‘ alt_ sprouts. and grain oem.) onaae a ee EF, Se 203, OFbe ps). 222......44) 220) Sab. | eee 260, 763 ts a | 450,765 | 22,413, 297 1 $31 eanuts.........pounds. 3 “1, 51, 83k.» Cu... :-.... seem fe veeeeseecl 44, BED | 00s cocoa) See toot 745, 483 al wis. | eee ee , THO, OB \oxyoeceegans 2, 263, 314 Oil cake and oieakemeal: Corn..........sapeunds..| 18,996,490 297,041 Cottonseed; 15, 757, 612 289, 547 Cake.......,....-€o....} 980,664,572 | 14,749,489 | 864,862,375 | 15,059,920 | 11, 045, 263 213, 542 Meal. ............@0....| 76,556,997 | 1,169,478 285, 297, 316 5, 221° 091 | 33, 635,530 770, 192 Flaxseed or linseed-do... .| 640,916,196 | 11,935,129 536, 984) 394 10; 252) 510 | 151,399, 977 3, 895, 348 Othefss-. ) cuentas do....| 28,876,367 410,166 | 21, 558, 676 "398, 681 , 865, 602 104, 865 i'r) a Re es do 1,746,010,622 28,561,303 |1,724,460,373 | 31,221,749 | 201, 403, 956 4,994, 193 Oils, vegetable: aan ica 2! : Fixed or expressed— WOM ane nace pounds. .| 2 8,967,826 770, 076 8,779, 760 998, 105 1, 831, 114 306, 219 Cottonseed.......do....| 66,512,057 | 22,658,610 | 158,911,767 | 19,878,325 | 100,005,074 | 18, 142, 988 Linseed.......- gallons... 714, 120 478,231 | 1,201/554 | 1,117,895 | 1,187,850] 1, 532,307 ERAT rs no os gen Ae en ee 2 2a, ae Sees en oe 8,004, 288'1o oo" Povaeeann 482 Total fixed or ex- [Ree By | ey ee BT 96; 156, SIGshc. Jae. J. cone 24,908, 608 bucks. skeme 23, 929, 946 Volatile, orcsentid— Fj ©. |. 2. boll ch ee Peppermint. -pounds 154, 096 323, 070 100, 032 218, 627 76, 247 233, 899 eT PAO PA! a ore Gy. 106, 087 |. 202.20. 1 OG, Ga ieee eee 857, 044 Total volatile, or es- | » Sential.............[.2---..---0--| 1,028,107)... ....6.. sass) 2,90 Gils. none 1,090, 943 Total vegetable oils...|............- | 27, 165,026 |...........--| 26, 280f984 |..2.. yee .| 25,020, 889 Rice, rice meal, ete. : ETT ya PRRs FEA ied FIGS « Ziti qmamens pounds. .| 120,695,213 | 4,942,373 | 181,371, 560 196, 363,268 | 14,174, Rice bran, meal, and olish........ -pounds. . 1, 272, 252 10, 371 10) eee owe eee Sle cebcageccce Wiee NMG isa dd ci icdigas|e daa sds tabes 857}... cc eckceutal t: +e ieee seneee ya Pict CRs Mae Motel < dems 1,555,613,334 Total agricultural ex- +; a ed (acd nea) KEARSE ae ports, including for- 6st products.:.....2|.c cess cass 1,586,226,929]............. OW ATR IMs scccnrs evade 2,368,452,364 Total agricultural ex- pers, excluding OLGS PLGAUGISS 65s] ee aeeccue es 1,618,071,450). 0.2 s....... 1,968,253, 288) ..........0.. 2,281,338,875 98911°—yBK 1918——-+45_ 642 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TaBLE 243.—Foreign trade of the United States in agricultural products, 1852-1918. (Compiled from reports of Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States. All values are gold.] Year ending June 30— 1882-1886 ct 222s ces~ SSST-H1SBL 5 2a oSe 55.5 1892-1896 .:.6.000. 05 Agricultural exports. Domestic. Percent- Total. age of all exports. $164, 895, 146 80.9 215, 708, 845 81.1 148, 865, 540 a Det 250, 713.058 76.9 396, 666, 397 78.5 591,350,518 80. 4 557,472, 922 76.3 573, 286, 616 74.7 638, 748, 318 73.0 827, 566, 147 65. 9 879, 541, 247 59. 5 975, 398, 054 53.9 951, 628, 331 65. 2 857, 113, 533 63. 2 878, 480, 557 63.1 859, 160, 264 59. 5 826, 904, 777 55. 4 976, 047, 104 56. 8 1,054, 405, 416 56.9 ce 017) 396, 404 55.5 903; 238, 122 55.1 871, 158, 425 50.9 1, 030, 794, 402 $1.2 1, 050, 627, 131 A8. 4 1,123,651, 985 46. 3 1, 113, 973,635 47.8 1, 475, 937, 607 54.3 1, 518, 071, 450 35.5 1, 968, 253, 288 31.6 2, 281, 338, 876 39.0 Foreign. $8, 059, 875 10, 173, 833 9, 287, 669 8,538, 101 8, 853, 247 8, 631, 780 12, 316, 525 10, 856, 259 11,613,519 10, 298, 514 9, 584, 934 14, 469, 627 14, 664, 548 12, 107, 656 $77, 847, 158 121, 018, 143 263, 155, 573 ? ? 311, 707, 564 1950, 109 398, 332, 043 376, 549, 697 487, 881, 038 634, 570, 734 391, 931, 051 413,744, 557 456, 199, 325 461, 434, 851 553, 851, 214 554, 175, 242 626, 836, 808 539, 690, 121 638, 612, 692 687, 509, 115 680, 204, 932 783, 457,471 815, 300, 510 924, 247, 116 910, 786, 289 42) 087; 535 1, 189, 704, 830 37, 640, 245 1) 404, 972, 108 53, 797, 280 1614, 219, 764 Agricultural imports.t 29. 1 38.2 43.0 42.3 46.5 50. 4 46. 8 43.3 51.6 50. 2 46.3 45. 2 EREFSSSE FREES SSERS CORK FROLT NNNNND ONUWKH +274) 210, 364 +198, 118, 937 +365, 254,018 +279, 27, 316 +323, 389, 919 +207; 456, 481 +599, 571) 395 +370, 454, 155 +600, 921} 425 +720, 916, 392 1 Not including forest products. TaBLe 244.—Value of principal groups of farm and forest products exported ic: and imported into the United States, 1916-1918. [Compiled from reports on the Foreign Commerce of the United States.] Article. FarRM PRODUCTS. ANIMAL MATTER. Animals, live atl Products.....scecss meee ee een eens Eggs Feathers and downs, Ores Cs ACNE cee Wl. ..csscccvccassseas CURE A vi od neceanauqucnaon } Total animal matter . | i “414, 351, 177 | 514, 698, 381 Exports (domestic merchandise). Imports. 1916 1917 Year ending June 30— 1918 (prel.) 1916 1918 (prel.) a | fT $99, 671, 296 24, 257, 572 6, 134, 441 312, 113 54,017 2, 264, 320 279, 053, 697 2,603, 721 $89, 382, 853 49, 379, 473 7, 568, 911 368, 862 13, 418 1, 230, 296 363,973, 124 2,781,444 $21, 733, 504 85, 908, 397 7, 167, 134 302, 236 604, 513, 766 5, 183, 908 725,725, 541 $18, 649, 079 9) 828, 919 110, 638 2,721, 151 124, 333, 655 142, 420, 734 183,611, 351 2,331,714 484, 007, 241 $16, 602, 859 7,071, 113 268, 286 1,479, 216 160, 571, 808 131, 137, 170 239, 129, 197 4, 203, 659 a ee ee et ee a a ee a Imports and Exports of Agricultural Products. 643 Tasie 244.—Value of ! gtr see groups of farm and forest products exported from and imported into the United States, 1916-1918—Continued. Exports (domestic merchandise). | Imports. Article. Year ending June 30— 1916 1917 1918 (prel.) , 1916 1917 1918 (prel.) Farm Propucts—Con. VEGETABLE MATTER. LOG UIE eS] a a PE ee ys | BP ee ore $5,306,246 | $3,824,882 | $5,443,628 Cocoa and chocolate. $1, 668, 657 $3745. 519 | $6,554,431 | 35,804,242 | 40,387,418 | 41,372,378 -| “5,739,323 | 6,8447863 | 6,386,212 | 115,485,970 | 133,184,000 | 10370587535 374; 186,247 | 543,074,690 | 665,024,655 | 40,150,342 | 40,429°526| 36,020, 453 2 RAE oe) Le SP ee ty he 59,460,062 | 67,709,758 | 109,042,470 other Wraites. 2! ..3 36,072,951 | 37,399,309 | 32,217,364 | 23,285,829] 25,315,951] 24,408,777 Ginseng Le GOT- OS-|\4 (1, 686,208 |x ALATin 4a Prvte cee. ce operas ere Glucose and grape sugar-| 4,734,961 7, 358, 731 Ga Ll Beso ay ae Be a ae ae BT ee Grain and grain products.| 434) 608,279 | 585,534,850 | 623,911,819 | 15,637,360 | 49,396,371 | 76,292,626 Leja eee 3,267,028} 1,685, 836 *907, 401 679, 412 628,021} 4,618, 764 [Eis = Se 4, 386, 929 773, 926 993° 773 144, 627 59, 291 72,458 Indigo dates Dp ST ee Ra a So ea 9 te §, ms 4 4,108,910 3, 895,114 Eee ne Ey ase oe ad TS a i De pees bel BE ee , 609, é 2,190, 822 1, 853, 927 Taaasrs, sh ng a 12,577,611 | 20,883,227| 8,839,118 | 16,685,356 | 17,679,132] 11,655,093 ursery stock (plants trees,etc.).....-----+e-- 203, 671 220, 341 260,763 | 3,689,364 | 3,964,513| 3,327,497 oils aes ta ane 892,277 | 1,740,508 | 2,263,314 21,172,417| 32,875,686 | 52,847,313 os e and oil cake 2 ee Saee 28,561,303 | 31,221,749| 4,994,193 408, 808 554, 871 574, 082 oi ~egetatic 5 OR Pe 27,165,026 | 26,280,134 | 25,020,890 | 33, bog aa 47, ~~ eee 92, — - IMM as sont seem an ae ccna ec cke ws ds sien se eevulaetcreb ewes co f 2 ‘ Rice, tice flour, meal, e : and brokenrice.......- 4,953,601] 9,330,695 | 14,174,513 | 6,093,611 | 5,773,797 | 16,311, 705 Sago, t ° 2) 296,697 | 3,712/956 530, 889 2, Teh fo ome aig el PRA RTT) Bene tn Ole Tol RR : , 712, 5, 530, Boy eet. Gusas choses 3,538,508 | 4,001,700 | 5,659,163 | 33,571,760| 35,879,665 | 50,841,623 Bice 2 Sa ae 250, 827 287, 484 507,712 | 8,948,729] 7,745,022| 11,519,214 Searches 272-5. 82.sseds es. 5, 576, 914 4, 721, 533 4, 548, 974 123, 838 973, 530 nv 673, 477 Sugar, molasses, and i eee 82,022,076 | 81,626,802 | 44,428,284 | 212,545,203 | 241, 892,265 | 246, 193, 204 a aS Ea ae om eee 20, 599, 19,265,264 | 30, 889,030 Tobacco... at he 53, 365, 195 | 59,954,307 | 69, 699, 725 2, a, 195 | 25,922, 055 | 45,320, 524 Le al dB epg er Eas a eae 5 1, 662, 57 1, 475, 67 Verstables. | ee 15,952,412 | 22,290,710 | 26,972,711 | 10,811, 1393 29,150,889 | 30, 175, 769 ai ee Se ee ea 1,580,530] 1,739,199] 2,693, Other vegetable matter ..| 2,398,969 | 3,485,790 | 4,538, 101 "301,114 624, 443 ” 509, 051 Total vegetable mat- te poi, 00278 1,453,554 907 1,555,613,335_ 705,697,589 | 844, 508, 800 |1,012,383,830 Total farm products. -|1,518,071,450 |1,968,253,288 2, 281,338,876 |1,189,704,830 |1,404,972,108 |1,614,219,764 | | Forest Propvucts. | Serna CONE Paris: |. 220. fe looses apewshcaveerdoreans 3, 134, S84 3, 870, 389 3, 061, 827 te Sb waist 2,339, 480 4, 289, 247 4,479,195 2,238,115 Cin oa Ei IE Teil) et ie elt peel beat aceite mae (el iL Sal Dieta 158, 586,193 | 193,118,855 | 206, 543, 236 Gums, other thanrubber.|.............|.............|.2...0.-ee 14,827,537 | 21,510,283 | 22,089, 638 Naval stores-............. 11, 172, 234 8, 189 MS ae ees cy materials, n.e.s. 6, 026, 474 3,958, 380 3, 810, 420 8, 837, 297 7, 930, 698 6, 672, 468 ‘ood: URINE REACRA SY CCN eT rn ears Pawte lens cused ems dlls Wels ce deen we 4,011, 107 4, 266, 852 5, 045, 463 40, 709,336 | 41,070,973 | 59,847,580 | 29,641,942 | 32,093,905] 40,403,555 Le Pe cory hie 2) bee tay A eet "ee Sate be os 6,373,749} 6,889,123 | 11,088, 422 mimber and logs. 5,042,179 | 5,202,250] 3,964,724 1, 417, 859 1, 270, 348 815, 247 “ere Deyo Se PTNa TN ae CE Eee ee eee ed 1, 720, 816 1, 171, 052 1, 781, 239 ngeoulps.22. 225 2553 1, 703, 374 2,018,639 | 3,531,639 | 16,867,850} 42,461,994] 31,589,090 Other forest products....| 1,170, 509 1, 087, 386 2,447,412 | 3,134,635 3,628,045} 4, 105,906 Total forest products.) 68,155,479 | 68,918,836 | 87,113,489 | 252,851,305 | 322,699,430 | 335,434, 206 Total farm and forest PrOUicts.* . 5... >." 1,586,226,929 |2,037,172,124 |2,368,452,365 |1,442, 556, 135 |2,727,671,588 1,949,653 970 1 Not stated. 644 TaBLE 245.—Erports of selected domestic agricultural products, 1852-1918. [Compiled from omy of Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States. ere were no exports or they were not separately classified for publication. salted or pickled,’’ and ‘“‘ Pork, salted or pickled,’’ barrels, 1 of 200 pounds per barrel, and tierces, 1855-1865, at the rate of 300 ounds reduced to gallons at the rate of 7.5 pounds is the product of 4 bushels of corn, and 1 barrel of wheat flour the product of 5 bushels of wheat prior to lacking, either t er gallon. 1880 and 4} bushels of wheat in 1880 and subsequently.] Year ending ’ Tne se= | Cattle. Average: Nuriber. 1852-1856... ..| 1, 431 1857-1861... .. 20, 294 1862-1866... .. 6, 531 IS6H1S7L 2 cc }sees seas 1872-1876..... 45, 672 1877-1881... .. 127, 045 1882-1886... .. 131, 605 1 Includes canned, cured, and fresh beef, oleo oil, oleomargarine, tallow and stearin fr Cheese. Pounds. | 6, 200, 385 13, 906, 430 42,683, 073 52, 880, 978 87,173, 752 129, 670, 479 108, 790, 010 86, 354, 842 66,905, 798 46, 108, 704 19, 244, 482 9, 152; 083 39, 813, 517 27, 203, 184 18, 987, 178 23, 335, 172 10, 134, 424 16, 562, 451 17, 285, 230 8) 439; 031 6, 822) 842 2) 846, 709 44, 394, 301 66, 050, 013 44, 330,978 salted or pickled. 47, 401, 470 65,613, 851 55, 312, 632 48, 632, 727 52, 801, 220 57, 584, 710 55,934, 705 31, 874, 743 38,114, 682 58, 053, 667 54, 867, 310 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. 1-1865, were reduced to pounds at the rate by apes per tierce; cottonseed oil, 1910, t is assumed that 1 barrel of corn m Packing-house products. Beef oils— Beef, fresh. oléa. oi Beef tallow. Pounds Pounds Pounds jako O35 - Ta One) es ae 7, 468, 910 MBAR Rice AE pigeon 13, 214, 614 Lcbctadsaed | beatubitades) pagan dob baattacs -| see 78, 994, 360 6956015120) 470 sees ae , 822, 97,327,819 | 30,276,133 | 48, 745, 416 136, 447,554 | 50,482,249 | 91,608, 126 207,372,575 | 102,038,519 | 56,976, 840 305, 626,184 | 139,373,402 | 86,082, 497 272,148, 180 | 156,925,317 | 59,892, 601 144, 799,735 | 170,530,432 | 66, 356, 232 351, 748, 333 | 161,651,413 | 77,166, 889 301, 824,473 | 138,546,088 | 34,065, 758 254, 795,963 | 126,010,339 | 27,368,924 299, 579,671 | 165,183,839 | 76,924,174 236, 486,568 | 145,228,245 | 63,536,992 268, 054,227 | 209,658,075 | 97,567,156 281,651,502 | 195,337,176 | 127,857, 739 201,154,105 | 212,541,157 | 91,397, 507 122, 952,671 | 179,985,246 | 53,332, 767 75, 729,666 | 126,091,675 | 29,379,992 42,510,731 | 138,696,906 | 29,813,154 15, 264, 320 | 126,467,124 | 39,451,419 7,362,388 | 92,849,757 | 30,586,350 6,394,404 | 97,017,065 | 15,812, 831 170, 440,934 | 80,481,946 | 20,239, 988 231,214,000 | 102,645,914 | 16, 288,743 197,177,101 | 67,110,111} 15, 209,369 370, 057,514 | 56,648,102 | 5,014,964 om Where fi animal Imports and Exports of Agricultural Products. 645 TaBLE 245.—Lxports of selected domestic agricultural products, 1852-1918—Contd. Packing-house products. Year ending : Pork and its | Apples, | Corn and June 30— Pork, euee eee pt Sa products— fresh. | corn meal cured hams and | salted or lard total, as far (in terms bacon ‘ok : as ascertain- of grain). shoulders. pickled. able.! Average: Pounds Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Barrels. | Bushels. 1852-1856. .| 30,005,479 |.......-...-- 40,542,600} 33,354,976 | 103, 903, 056 37,412 | 7,123, 286 1857-1861. .| 30,583, 297 |...... eeeee--| 34,854,400 | 37, 965, 993 103, 403, 690 57,045 | 6,557,610 1862-1866. .} 10,796,961 |...... Fron 52) 550, 758 89 138, 251 252, 485, 970 119, 433 | 12, 059,794 1867-1871 . . 45, OU LGd aaduseeenemee 28) 879, 085 53, 579, 373 EPS AEMEY Voda naw tens 9, 924, 235 1872-1876. . 313, 402) BOD ere she das. 5 60, 429, 361 1947 197, 714 568, 029, 477 132, 756 | 38, 560, 557 1877-1881. . 643) 633, G09 Werte Jase ob wos 85, 968, 138 331, 457, 591 | 1,075, 793, 475 509,735 | 88,190, 030 1882-1886. .| 355,905,444 | 47,634,675 | 72,354,682 | 263,425,058] 739,455,913 | 401,886 | 49,992, 203 1887-1801... 419,935,416 | 60,697,365 | 73,984; 682 | 381,388,854] 936,247,966 | 5227511 | 54’ 606,273 1892-1896. -| 438,847,549 | 96,107,152 | 64,827,470 | 451,547)135 | 1,052, 133,760 | 520,810 | 63,979, 898 1897-1901 . | 536, 287; 266 | 200, 853, 226 | 112,788, 498 652. 418, 143 rH 528) 138; Lh 779, 980 192? 531,378 1902-1906 . - | 292° 721, 953 | 206, 902, 427 116, 823; 284 592) 130, 894 | 1, 242? 136, 649 | 1,368, 608 74, 615, 465 1907-1911. . 209; 005, 144 189, 603, 211 ’ $09) 879 519, 746, 378 e 028) 996, 659 | 1, 225, 655 56, 568, 030 Ue See 456,122,741 | 216, 571, 803 138, 643, 611 | 611, 357,514 1, 462, 369, 849 883, 673 |181, 405, 473 7k eS 383; 150, 624 | 2277653; 232 | 115,896,275 | 556; 840, 222 | 1,337,315,909 | 459, 719 | 28” 028; 688 1a 207, 336, 000 | 214,183,365 | 95,287,374 | 490, 755, 821 | 1,042, 119, 570 | 1,656,129 | 76, 639, 261 TY eee 249, 665, 941 | 194,948; 864 | 112) 224’ 861 | 561,302; 643 | 1,146, 255, 441 | 2,018, 2¢2 | 58) 299’ O61 1905......-.- 262; 246, 635 | 203; 458,724 | 118, 887,189 | 610, 238,899 | 1, 220,031,970 | 1,499,942 | 90; 293; 483 TROBE Ss ss 5. 361, 210, 563 | 194, 210,949 | 141, 820, 720 | 741, 516, 886 | 1, 464, 960, 356 | 1, 208, 989 |119, 893, 833 ch geet Sa 250, 418, 699 | 2097 481; 496 | 166; 427, 409 | 627; 559, 660 | 1, 268, 065, 412 | 1,539; 267 | 86, 368; 228 TOS sees. 21, 189, 929 2217 769, 634 | 149,505,937 | 603,413,770 | 1, 237,210, 760 | 1,049,545 | 55, 063, 860 det tt pipet ela 244; 578, 674 212) 170, 224 | 52,354,980 | 528, 722, 933 L 053; 142, 056 896, 279 | 37, 665, 040 TOTO! St Sok 152, 163, 107 | 146,885,385 | 40,031, 599 362, 927? 671 ” 707, 110; 062 922) 078 | 38,128, 498 157,709,316 | 45,729,471 | 476,107,857 | 879, 455,006 | 1,721,106 | 65, 614,522 204} 0447 491 56, 321; 469 532) 255, 865 | 1, 071, 951; 724 | 1,456,381 | 41, 797, 291 159 544° 687 53) 749, 023 519, 025; 384 "984° 696, 710 2, 150, 132 | 50, 780, 143 165, 881,791 | 45,543)085 | 481) 457)792 | 921913; 029 | 1,506,569 | 10,725; 819 TOTO us es eo 346, 718, 227 203, 701, 114 45, 655, 574 475, 531, 908 | 1, 106, 180, 488 | 2,351, 501 , 668, 303 1k! eS ae 579, 808) 786 282) 208° 611 63; 460, 713 427 011; 338 ie 462, 697, 062 1. 466, 321 | 39, 896, 928 CO 667, 151, 972 | 266, 656, 581 46, 992) 721 444 769, 540 i: 501, 948) 125 | 1, 739,997 | GS, 753, 294 Rain mina 815, 319, 424 | 419, 571, 869 33} 221° 502 392? 498, 435 i 692) 141, 417 635, 409 49, 073; 263 ; ican Corn-oil | Cottonseed- Free Racine noah Cotton. | and grape pie ee Prunes. | Tobacco. i epeSr. meal. meal. Average: Pounds Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. (522 Dp RCT MIS] ae Ol ee Ee & SSeS SRCee os Sooner 140, 183, 800 oY SG) ed ee L 125, 715, AD ate enn aaa Rapin oe qa cele era «dua Aegatnsaeatiac see 167, 710, 800 UO SU eS os eee oe 137, 582) AS Se Paha oe he See Shee caer Sea cance f 140, 207, 850 NRG ee be | Sete OPE ES SIRE Gg) eels SOY Reine mane ea ae Cane a 194, 753, 537 Te ee OSE THC CS SRE Wo LER REC ORS? Eee ae ees a SORae ania 241, 848, 410 7 ee iis ries Co Rael ei erae are EGE S ek Bae rae fap 266, 315, 190 TARDSIRRBDS LNs: ces oes. PROGR: M78 \OBGIL (cd: APB BOO) geo). tesa Rew ahora oaecic| wes wae elas 237, 941, 913 DAS ae REBUT HIRI 20 p OOO) AOU Sete d se teal ce ee eee alec cp vtle wna dels 259, 248, 361 8 ees ee @ 750, Gag, O6tl Loe, B78 ON te 8,729 5,317 | 10,113, 989 103,945 | 102, 151, 969 58,738 | 16,021, 076 ee peee 8, 656 8,718 | 6,211,893} 104,489] 66,115, 863 54,513 | 24, 680, 935 1 ae i ee ae 9, 528 6,213 | 8,493,265| 107,533 | 109,355,720 52,467 | 18,882,756 BUY sin «ne ee SA 9, 870 5,208 | 7,386, 574 156,685 | 97,742,776 61,902 | 22, 092, 696 WO Eo see odesewses ot ~~ 12,761 6,423 | 3,200, 560 68,155 | 82,207,496 93,253 | 31, 292, 165 ME maise et aln 6 au wcecn 7, 792 5,278 | 8,557,531 65, 238 | 125,135, 490 74,308 | 23,838,190 2 10, 900 5,007 | 2,991,125] 101,001 | 74,582,225 68,536 | 28,828,213 12, 421 7,663 | 8,494,144] 125,389 | 105, 116, 227 73,823 | 33, 926, 521 9, 885 8,822] 5,382,025] 106,033 | 115, 636, 131 49,688 | 51,410, 271 4, 694 5,310 | 11, 651, 332 83,140 | 65, 958, 501 51,081 70, 839, 623 6, 939 6, 506 675,704 | 108,322 | 41,003, 295 78,892 | 85,716,673 7,918 9, 635 236, 849 112,695 | 59, 406, 224 76,765 | 110, 237, 888 5, 607 6, 813 121, 288 78,312 | 26,982, 932 86,220 | 130, T30. 861 648 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TasLe 246.—Imports of selected agricultural products, 1852-1918—Continued. Z aes ‘ Olive o . rice flour Year ending June | fo; table’ Optain; soi oen | xica teal, Sisal Sugar, raw Tea. ° ’ 30— 1150, de. and broken| &25S- and refined. rice, Average: Gallons. | Pounds. | Bushels Pounds. | Long tons. Pounds. 1869-1856... .2 cc] seeateea econ) kas ANG 611. oo. ae ane ae seas da 24, 959, 922 IS6719G1 ... he datlswwncsee sacl) 113, bOR lees FE DIENT [BES oes 28, 149, 643 1862-1866. ...-..| | 177,947 | 128,590 251, 637 | 70,893, 331 30, 869, 450 1867-1871. ...... 152,827 | 209,096 216,077 | 52,953,577 44, 052, 805 1872-1876....-..| 174,555 | 365,071 254,615 | 72,536, 435 62, 436, 359 1877-1881.......| 218,507 | 407,656 | 1,850,106 | 62,614, 706 67, 583, 083 1882-1886. ......]- a ee ee 391,946 | 2,834,736 | 99,870,675 458, 74, 781, 418 1887-1891.......| 758,352] 475,299 | 3,878,580 |156, 858, 635 3, 003, 283, 84, 275, 049 1892-1896.......| 773,692] 528,785 | 1,804,649 |160, 807, 652 3,827, 799, 92, 782,175 1897-1901.......| 909,249 | 567,681 495, 150 |165, 231, 669 70,297 | 3,916, 433,945 | 86,809, 270 1902-1906. ......| 1,783,425 | 537,576 | 2,662,121 |150,913, 684 96,832 | 3,721, 782,404 | 98,677,584 1907-1911.......| 3,897,224 | 489,513 | 1,907,405 |215,892,467 | 102,440 | 3,997. 156,461 | 96,742,977 TO es 983,059 | 583, 208 371,911 |117, 199,710 70,076 | 3,975,005,840 | 89,806, 453 [ip eh SE 1,339,097 | 534,189 | 7,656, 162 |157,658, $94 89,583 | 3,031,915,875 | 75,579, 125 1 oes ee 1,494,132 | 516,570 358,505 |169, 656, 284 87,025 | 4,216,108, 106 | 108,574,905 Ti eee eae 57 1,713,590 | 573,055 | 3,166,581 |154,221,772} 109,214 | 3, 700,623,613 | 112,905,541 po eg ale 1,923,174 | 584,680 181,199 |106,483,515 | 100,301 | 3, 680,932,998 | 102, 706, 599 RE ---| 2,447,131 | 469,387 | 1,948,160 |166,547, 957 98,037 | 3,979,331, 430 | 93,621,750 OF es a 3.449, 517 | 565, 252 176,917 |209, 603, 180 99,061 | 4,391,839,975 | 86,368, 490 i ee RE 3,799,112 | 285,845 403,952 |212, 783,392] 103,994 | 3,371,997,112| 94, 149, 564 {ong) use | Le 4,129,454 | 517,388 | 8,383,966 |222, 900, 422 91,451 | 4,189, 421,018 | 114,916, 520 Wider oe: 3,702,210 | 449, 239 353, 208 |225, 400, 545 99,966 | 4,094,545, 85, 626, 370 629, 842 218,984 |208, 774, 795 117,727 | 3,937,978, 265 | 102, 563,942 399, 837 | 13,734,695 |190,063,331 | 114,467 | 4, 104,618,393 | 101, 406,816 508, 433 327, 230 |222, 103,547] 153,869 | 4,740,041, 94,812, 800 455,200 | 3,645,993 |300,194,917 | 215,547 | 5,066,821,873 | 91, 130,815 484,027 270,942 |277,191,472 | 185,764 | 5,420, 981, 96, 987, 942 146, 658 209, 532 |264,324,005 | 228,610 | 5, 633,161,749 | 109, 865, 935 86,812 | 3,079,025 |216,048,858 | 143,407 | 5,332, 745,854 | 103, 364, 410 157,834 | 1,180,480 |456,058,608 | 150,164 | 4,903,327, 249 | 151,314,932 Onions, |?/umsand} Raisins. | Currants Dates Figs. : prunes. . : A : Bushels Pounds Pounds Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. accel 128) 790s eme es. 1 60, 287, 642 | 38, 545,635 |...-.---.- cc aluc sc concseee pene eBas G50 weer IB y 800 Necwetwcteoes 12,405, 549 | 17,745,925 | 34,397,754 | 14,914,349} 10,117,049 a ae 628, 358 560,762 | 7,669,593 | 27,520,440] 15,653,642} 8,919,921 atone 924,418 563,900 | 7,344,676 | 35,457,213 | 25,649,432 | 14,334, 760 awows 1,103,034 |............| 5,283,145 | 35,258,628 | 26,059,353 | 19, 848, 037 774, 042 745,974 | 3,860,836 | 16,049,198 | 20,013,681 9,933,871 4 PES 796,316 522,478 | 6,683,545 | 36,238,976 | 21,681,159 | 11,087,131 925,599 633,819 | 6,715,675 | 33,878,209 | 43,814,917 | 16,482, 142 8 pee BSF 1, 171, 242 494,105 | 6,867,617 | 38,347,649 | 21,058,164 | 13,178,061 SO Gin danaducee 373, 569 856, 366 671,604 | 4,041,689 | 31,742,919 | 19,257,250] 13,364,107 if eee 587,617 872, 566 497,494 | 12,414,855 | 37,078,311 | 22,435,672 | 17,562,358 1907 . estaumeke 917,088 | 1,126,114 323,377 | 3,967,151 38,392,779 | 31,270,899 | 24,346,173 a ee 671,526 | 1,275,333 335,089 | 9,132,353 | 38,652,656 | 24,058,343 | 18,836,574 DOW isle de o asiiiatd 764, 937 574, 530 296,123 | 5,794,320 | 32,482,111 | 21,869,218] 15,235,513 CT a oe 972,145 | 1,024,226 |.....s06500 5,042,683 | 33,326,030 | 22,693,713 | 17,362,197 (8 ES ae Be 902,904 | 1,514,967 |............ 2,479,220 | 33,489,565 | 29,504,592] 23,459,728 Uv SESS eee 1,076, 741 1, 486, O82 fen asec ken 8, 255, 861 33,151,396 | 25,208,248] 18,765,408 Gis Jan od atten 828, 793 ri Oe oe 2,579,705 | 30,843,735 | 34,304,951 16, 837,819 Fodp Kis astute 1, 412, 200 1,114,811 |............| 4,554,549 | 32,033,177 | 34,073,608] 19, 284,868 829,177 2,808,806 | 30,350,527 | 24,949,374] 20,779,730 815,872 |< 1,024,296 | 25,373,029 | 31,075,424 7, 153, 250 1, 757,948 1,850,219 | 10,476,534 | 25,485,361 | 16,479,733 eet EEE, 1,826,618] 1,313,402 843, 533 5, 168, 070 5,572,908 | 10,473, 219 i Imports and Exports of Agricultural Products. 649 TABLE 246.—Imports of selected agricultural products, 1852-1918—Continued. Hides and skins, other than furs. Year ending June 30— Cattle. Average: JST i 1902-1906... 1907-1911... 126, 995, 011 178, 681, 537 148) 627, 907 131) 644, 325 85, 370, 168 113) 177, 357 156, 155, 300 134, 671, 020 98. 353, 249 192, 252) 083 318, 003, 538 150, 127,796 251; 012; 513 434, 177, 771 385, 600, 028 267, 449, 770 TaBLe 247.—Foreign trade of the United States in forest products, 185 Compiled from reports of Foreign Commerce and Navization of .he United States. 129, 174, 624 Goat. Pounds. 68, 052, 973 93, 674, 819 94, 329, 840 73, 745, 596 88, 038, 516 85, 114) 070 86, 338, 547 97; 803, 571 111, 097, 391 101, 201; 596 63, 640, 758 104) 048) 244 115, 844, 758 86, 913, 842 95, 340, 703 96, 250, 305 84) 759, 428 66, 547, 163 100, 657, 021 105, 640, 307 66, 932, 937 Other than cattle and goat. Pounds. 91, 173, 311 115, 952; 418 143, 351, 321 77, 989, 617 89} 457, 680 102’ 340, 303 103, 024) 752 126, 893, 934 158, 045, 419 135, 111, 199 120,770, 918 148) 253, 998 174, 770, 732 137, 849, 757 191, 414) 882 207, 903, 995 193, 347, 770 137, 439, 153 208, 835, 068 207; 967, 162 98, 083, 986 Macaroni vermicelli, and all similar Lemons. Oranges. Walnuts, we ee ewww eens 28, 787, 821 40, 2247 202 53, 441, 080 77, 926, 029 87,720, 730 97, 233, 708 85, 114, 003 113, 772, 801 114, 779, 116 108, 231, 028 106, 500, 752 126, 128, 621 153, 160, 863 41, 104, 544 153, 343, 434 12) 343; 790 148, 514, 614 164, 075, 309 152, 004, 213 171, 923, 221 139, 084, 321 138, 717, 252 157, 859, 906 178 ” 490, 003 135, 183, 550 160, 214, 785 134, 968, 924 145, 639, 396 | 7,628, 662 151, 416, 412 | 12) 252) 960 50, 332, 914 52, 742, 476 56, 872, 070 35, 893, 260 28, 880, 575 31, 134, 341 21, 267, 346 18, 397, 429 8, 435, 873 4, 676, 118 7, 672, 186 12, 362, 567 23, 670, 761 21, 684, 104 24, 917, 028 32) 597, 592 28) 887, 110 26, 157, 703 33, 641, 466 33, 619, 434 37, 213, 674 26, 662, 441 38, 725, 362 2-1918. All values are gold. | Exports. Year ending June 30— Imports. Domestic. | Foreign. | $6,819, 079 $694, 037 $3,256,302} + 9, 994, 808 962, 142 6,942,211] + 7,366, 103 798, 076 8,511,370} — 11, 775, 297 690, 748 14,812,576 | — 17, 906, 771 959, 862 19,728,458 | — 17, 579, 313 552,514 22,006,227} — 24,704,992 | 1,417,226 34,252,753 | — 26,060,729 | 1,442,760 39,647,287 | — 29,276,428 | 1,707,307 45,091,081 | — 45,960,863 | 3,283, 274 52,326,879 | — 63,584,670 | 3,850, 221 79,885,457 | — 88,764,471 | 6,488,455 | 137,051,471 [ — 55,369,161 | 3,599,192 57,143,650 | + 48,928,764 | 3,609,071 59, 187, 049 _- 58,734,016 | 2,865,325 | 71,478,022] — 70,085,789 | 4,177,352] 79,619,296 | — 63,199,348 | 3,790,097 92,680,555 | — 76,975,431 | 4,809, 261 96, 462,364 | — 92,948, 705 5, 500, 331 122, 420, 776 _ 90, 362, 073 4,570, 397 97, 733, 092 - 72, 442, 454 4,982,810 123, 920, 126 = 85,030,230 | 9,801,881 | 178,871,797 | — Ue CORES St al ae Saeed 2 103,038,892 | 7,586,854 | 162,311,565 | — Rete RUE Re ees tt eee} 108, 122,254 | 6,413,343 | 172,523,465 | — CG a eS RG oe Rae ee ee Pe Eee iy ee 124,835,784 | 7,431,851 | 180,502,444) — 1, ee Ee es DO See Daan atelier ate oan 106,978,554 | 4,517,766 | 155,261,500} — LULoeee ay oy aoa dee sc ae os sch oeeanie ccs eset deine 52,553,536 | 5,089,299 | 165,849,493 | — LEU genie BE SG Ne i 2 Ee, eae eek ae 68,155,479 | 4,364,335 | 252,851,305) — Uo a ESE 2 ee See SC eee eet ae > 68,918, 836 | 11,171,520 | 322,699,430} — SPAM UDO MMUIIAT I tts an ba Pe le wsse cdeuepe eine 87,113,489 | 6, 066) 140 | 335,434,206 | — Excess of exports (+) or of imports $4, 256, 814 4,014, 739 347, 191 2,346,531 861, 825 3, 874, 400 8, 130,535 12) 143, 798 14, 107, 346 3, 082, 742 12) 450,566 41, 798, 545 1, 824, 703 6,649, 214 9, 878, 681 5, 356, 155 25, 691, 110 14,677,672 23,971,740 2) 800, 622 46, 494. 862 84, 039, 686 51, 685, 819 242, 254,577 650 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TaBLE 248.—Exports of selected domestic forest products, 1852-1918. [Compiled from reports of Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States. Where figures are’ lacking, either there were no exports or they were not separately classified for publication.] Lumber. Timber. Year ending June . Spirits of 30— Boards, | Shooks, Rosin. | turpentine. deals, and | other than Staves. Hewn. Sawed. planks.1 box. Average: M feet. Number. Number. Barrels. Gallons. Cubic feet. 1851-1856 120} 409. )|\-25..2o25ce eS sees 552, 210 1, 360; 250i cecétie cee. ooo 1857-1861 DOB S76) bs. Pek ako cen sa ee 664, 206 2,735,208, |S2cePhe. 6 Ses 2a 1862-1866. . uy ASSTOAO Se Ee te loon eee 69,314 102, 162125. 200 bo iveceo seme 1867-1871 A 138; 720i).92 5/5 oe Bi aste eee 491,774 2608,412 1:21 88h 2 acol. ee 20 AS7ASIGTG § 152322). ON O58: |e ais ie oh eae 845, 803. |52.92.. Vaan 17, 459, 632 1877-1881 308,114: |). 26. 2 2 sed= bbe Ses FE ee 18, 316, 876 1882-1886........ 433°063"|Lehi 2e Seok MS os. bee 1, 289, 869 13, 701, 663 IBSTAIRGL 2 Sige 531, 755 BOS D547. Task see 1, 533, 834 , 401, 543 ' 1892-1896 . . mi 6, 6, 090 435, S8libe. svc. ttelde se 006, 427 6, 062, 418 b 1897-1901 . . 957, 218 CESNTON [2 ceect ae 2,477, 696 5, 146, 927 1902-1906........| 212,476 765,215 | 51,234,056 |. 2,453, 280 3, 968, 469 ; 1907-1911 ........ 1, 649, 203 925,828 | 56,181,900 | 2,355,560 3, 406, 245 ’ 1,101,815 714,651 | 47,363,262 | 2,820,815 | 20,240,851! 4,642,698 942,814 788,241 | 46,998,512 | 2,535,962 | 19,177,788 | 5,388,439 ; 1,065, 771 566,205 | 55,879,010} 2,396,498 | 16,378,787 | 3,291, 498 ‘ 1, 426, 784 533,182} 47,420,095 | 2,585,108 | 17,202,808| 3,788,740 € 1, 283, 406 872,192 | 48,286,285 | 2,310,275 | 15,894,813 | 3,856,623 ‘ 1,343,607 | 1,066,253 | 57,586,378 | 2,438,556 | 15,981,253 | 3,517,046 : 1, 623, 964 803,346 | 51,120,171 | 2,560,966 | 15,854,676 | 3,278,110 ‘ 1, 548, 130 900,812 | 61,696,949 | 2,712,732 | 19,532,583 | 4,883, 506 i 1, 357, 822 977,376 | 52,583,016 | 2,170,177] 17,502,028 | 2,950,528 1, 684, 489 928,197 | 49,783,771 | 2,144,318] 15,587,737 | 3,245,196 ‘ 2,031,608 | 1,019,411 | 65,725,595 | 2,189,607 | 14,817, 751 2678, 887 € 2,306,680 | 1,161,591 | 64,162,599 | 2,474,460 | 19,599, 241 £ 087 « 2) 550,308 | 1,710,095 | 89,005,624 | 2,806,046 | 21,093, 597 34, 502 2 2, 405, 296 867,805 | 77,150,535 | 2,417,950] 18,900,704 29, 859 1, 129, 205 620,043 | 39,297,268 | 1,372,316] 9,464,120 6,118 1,177, 331 611,556 | 57,537,610 | 1,571,279 9,310, 268 9, 628 1,041,845 | 1,079,510 | 61,459,225 | 1,638,500 | 8,841,875 7, 293 1, 067,785 | 1,762,697 | 63,207,351 | 1,073,889] 5,100,124 7, 426 1 Including “Joists and scantling’’ prior to 1884. é TaBLe 249.—Imports of selected forest products, 1852-1918. Lumber. 4 Year ending | Camphor, India Rubber Boards, Shellac Wood & June 30— crude. rubber. | gums, total. deals, pulp. } planks, Shingles. 4 and other sawed. é en ————— | ————————————_ ——— a Average: | Pounds. M feet. M. Pounds. |Longtons. t 1852-1856...... : 213, 720 1857-1861. ..... 360, 522 j 1862-1866. ..... | 386, 731 ’ 1907-187) . 22. shee Joa. 8s a Job els dws nies aa 17,389,980 i EBID“1810 « a ave Gam dacs dope » beta dada ee 12,631,388 4 1877-1861. a. <. })': 1, 516,61 . oie coup sinc ne 15, 610, 634 1882-1886. ..... ; 1,958, 608 |..........-.- | 24,480,997 1887-1891. .....| 2,273, 885 )............6 33, 226, 520 5, 086, 421 1892-1896. ..... 1,491,902 | 38,359,547 | 39,671,553 , 848, 1897-1901. ..... 1,858,018 | 47,469,136 | 52,974,744 8, 839, 232 1902-1906... .... 2,139,183 | 57,903,641 | 75,908, 633 727, 205 772,340 | 11,613,967 1907-1911. ..... 2,939,167 | 80,120,567 | 121, 504,098 899, 659 866,565 | 19,046,030 MU dics wdewe cede 2,175, 784 55,275,529 | 64,927,176 490, 820 555, 853 9, 608, 745 RWUA daly dais we edo 1,831,058 | 50,413,481 | 67,790,069 665, 603 707,614 9, 064, 789 RUG cdedaisws wa ce 2,472,440 | 55,010, 571 69, 311,678 720,937 724, 131 11, 590, 725 MAUR. csvnacsccdss 2,819,673 | 59,015, 551 74, 327, 584 589, 232 770,373 | 10,933,413 WWG ss cceseccccee 1,904,002 | 67,234,256 | 87,004,384 710, 538 758,725 | 10,700,817 1 Includes ‘‘Gutta-percha” only, for 1867, Imports and Exports of Agricultural Products. 651 TABLE 249.—Imports of selected forest products, 1852-1918—Continued. Year ending | Camphor, India June 30— crude. rubber. Weise tos. 2) 814 299 | 1 62; 233; 160 i oe oe 1,990, 499 | 1 88,359) 895 MOS ere atte cores « 3,006, 648 | 1 101,044,681 72, 046, 260 110, 210, 173 113, 384, 359 131, 995, 742 172, 068, 428 267, 775, 557 333, 373, 711 389, 599, 015 Rubber gums, total, 81, 109, 451 106, 747,589 85, 809, 625 114; 598) 768 154, 620, 629 145, 743, 880 175, 965, 538 170, 747,339 161, 777, 250 196, 121,979 304, 182, 814 364,913, 711 414, 983, 610 Lumber. Boards, deals, planks, Shingles. and other sawed. M feet. M. 949, 717 900, 856 934, 195 881, 003 791, 288 988, O81 846,024 | 1,058, 363 1, 054, 416 762, 798 872, 374 642, 582 905, 275 514, 657 1,090, 628 560, 297 928, 873 895, 038 939,322} 1,487,116 1,218,068 | 1,769,333 1,175,180 | 1,924,139 1, 282,747 | 1,878,465 1 Includes ‘‘Guayule gum.’’ crude. . Wood Shellac. pulp. Pounds. |Longtons, 15, 780, 090 157, 224 17, 785, 960 213; 110 13, 361, 932 237,514 19, 185, 137 274, 217 29,402,182] 378,322 15, 494, 940 491,873 18, 745, 771 477, 508 21, 912, 015 502,913 TaBLE 250.—Principal farm products imported from specified countries into the United ‘ States, 1910-1918. Country of origin and article. Average, 1910-1914 Year ending June 30— 1918 (preliminary). Quantity. Value. Quantity Brazil: Cocoa (crude). .... pounds..| 17,128,176 aioe: eee. do....| 673, 058, 602 British West Indies: ananag.) 2¥ >... . bunches.| 14, 404,120 onda est ees pounds..| 36,119, 338 Canada ee eee e eee e eee ac - eo as hy SPI ce owe Colombia: Coffee... ... do....| 70,516,164 uba: oe. cbf bunches../ 2,388,024 ite pounds. .|3,856,447,356 pee we Republic: Cocoa, a a eee pounds. . 24, 818, 840 Ecuador: Cocoa.......do...-| 19,120,725 ee Ghepne..-.//2.02..... do....| 4,142,716 . ria ‘il (salad). ..gallons. . 864, 796 Cheese... Peder as: pen 20, 834, 962 Macar -do. 1, 905, 642 Olive oil (salad). é “gallons. . 3, 293, 221 Japan : Tea......... pounds. . 46, 245, 473 Mexico: Coflee......... do....| 31,220,334 Netherlands: / Oheesers.. Fl. iS. do....| 3,365,038 WOHeG. Se = beaten do....| 2,565,776 Philippine Islands: Sugar | ue ees. ia ss sss pounds...) 232,340, 306 oe Cocoa....pounds..) 18,751, 436 Olive oil (salad). ..gallons. . 292, 433 Goat skins........ pounds. . 442) 721 Switzerland: Cheese DounGn.. 16, 924° 388 tenes. Kingdom: pounds..| 8, 534, 723 [22 a do....| 11,620; 192 $1,775, 492 73, 384, 467 4,309, 165 4, 241; 927 749, 212 2; 898) 239 7,849, 476 873, 773 91, 686, 167 2, 705, 639 1,910, 516 838, 855 1, 420, 744 3, 949, 536 4) 793, 902 4) 264, 153 7, 957, 043 4) 522) 481 431, 208 414, 635 5, 827, 471 2) 167, 085 281, 799 177, 290 2, 957, 924 1, 065, 997 3; 180, 509 1917 Quantity. Value. 51, 461, 624 | $4,959, 964 907) 197, 562 | 85,761, 395 2,191, 516 677,129 60,139,918 | 7,323, 005 3,160,459 | 1,084,134 19, 810,428 | 3,109,912 150, 591, 659 | 17,971,874 2,184,110 837, 251 4,669,097,398 |204, 521, 160 61, 443,869 | 7, 202, 747 67, 227,698 | 8,178,778 1, 937, 341 754,012 726,771 | 1,211,731 8, 482, 280 | 2,545, 286 2) 431,910 | 191,845 2,882,535 | 4, 770, 315 52, 418,963 | 8,825,089 908, 6, 382, 845 249, 371 68, 645 150, 000 18, 090 267,891,954 | 8, 382, 562 16,551,624 | 2,148, 191 3,776,581 | 4,350,747 1, 869, 360 | 1, 621,021 1, 640, 656 341, 063 11,650,811 | 1,460,314 13, 857, 721 | 3, 309, 507 91, 351, 529 |$8, 383, 383 743, 958, 456 60, 888, 926 2,049,655 | 721,516 51, 438, 970 | 6, 295, 562 1,914,169 | 647,712 21, 082, 866 | 4,361,557 112, 159, 390 |13, 108, 462 1,151,165 482, 046 4,560,749,643 |219,461,319 39, 851,184 | 3, 660,091 76, 786, 657 | 7,975, 868 1,026,117 | 528,926 227,617 | 576, 602 52, 996, 471 | 9, 511, 283 31, 8, 513 3, 336, 131 173, 600,941 | 7,913, 247 134) 904 20, 912 2,091, 400 | 2, 783, 691 806,152 | '845;714 1,038,142) 113, 304 487,063 | 248) 678 652 Ycarbook of the Department of Agriculture. Tasie 251.—Principal farm products exported to specified countries from the United States, 1910-1918. Country to which consigned, and article. Quantity. Belgium Tl Bete eek bushels. . 1,387, 953 Wotientin..c Peet seen do.-..| 7,195,158 FTC WE Dw cate yh ounds..| 4,901,373 er and shoulders..do....| 7,863,470 PLE, 8, spree dae pope do....| 17,076,171 Brazil: Wheat flour...barrels.. 567, 444 Canada: OEM eis doer See ete bushels..| 8,379,334 EET RR a eeepleye Bienes 1, 776, 249 Wheat flour. .......barrels.. 82? 821 BieGiLs< fone cee ounds.. 4, 964, 662 Hams and shoulders..do.... 4 509, 867 WAN ins cots eoeceres do....| 10,181,941 Pork, prekled-_..2%.. do...) 10,117, 759 China: Wheat flour ..barrels.. 263 , 882 ie 523i )-2 2 Jat DuSeesee 2,300, 521 Wheat Gani i. barrels. . 856, 239 RCUN orn sa kona e ue pounds..| 7, 696, 815 ae and shoulders..do.... 4 696, 184 Raha Aas ee.” dpssc- 41) 378, 503 Fork: pickled s222.<.-5 13 (oe 7, 286, 791 Denmark: Corn...... bushels. . 2° 493, 820 Finland: Wheat flour. barrels. . v 304° 820 3,001, 698 2,689, 203 12,089, 618 5, 231,554 6, 154, 503 187, 457 142, 311, 431 .---|1 19, 228, 140 Gléo oils! soo. ees see - do....| } 20,068, 668 Hongkong: Wheat flour he ft > sao ee oats barrels..| 1,121,139 Italy WHGSE..6 te bbae teat bushels..| 2,367,307 IDET: .6.5 cave -----pounds 4,655, 944 Japan: Wheat flour .. barrels... 612, 879 Mexico: CTs 5.54 tes BLE eS bushels..| 2,500, 803 WW BGGG sc) hie cond che dG. 52. 1,178, 864 EAEU sc ckwuseae eae pounds..| 7,000,932 Netherlands: CONN as edu «ae 28 bushels..| 5, 111, 282 WiHeGtevtccdivecscmias BOs cn 8, 350; 709 Wheat flour........ barrels. . 818, 637 ISGG0U . 3 b.czars sea = pounds..| 4,408, 989 LeU setiden se cece eee do....| 36,501,329 Lard, neutral......... do....| 1 25,078, 158 OO OLS tes dece> sate do....| 1 57, 484, 122 Norway: Oleo oil....... Dns ta 8, 335,573 Philippine Islands: _Wheat OUP in ie ton se - ged eel barrels. . 278, 717 United Kingdom: ba te BS ER bushels..| 10,906,171 jy a do.gs.| 21, 806, 112 Wheat flour.......barrels.. 2) 712) 639 BaOGK 6 t cadtiwaes dh pounds. .| 133,760, 286 Hams and shoulders. .do.... 143’ 087, 022 Lard ..d0....| 169,716, 230 Oleo oil -do....| 17,150,505 Pork, pickled do....| 10,225, 205 Average 1910-1914 Value. $549, 230 7,135,039 ” 663, 563 920, 349 1, 851, 624 3, 016, 124 5, 200, 422 1, 752; 052 366, 887 752, 788 697, 450 1, 179, 912 1,036, 146 1) 022) 283 1,640,115 2,978, 569 "985, 392 A 236, 050 3, 245, 265 6,087, 881 990, 535 15, 683, 461 11,011; 695 1 2? 110; 895 4,441, 122 2,411, 343 491, 796 2, 368, 658 1,811,391 i, 203, 590 795, 362 3, 177, 689 8, 244, 445 4/289, 933 518, 655 4,052, 282 1 2) 728, 676 1 6,026, 397 890, 069 1, 126, 241 6, 804, 769 20) 463, 483 13, 752,657 17, 202) 207 18,430,974 18, 403, 258 1 994, 832 1, 154, 646 Year ending June 30— 1917 1918 (preliminary). Quantity. Value. Quantity 581, 371 $590,771 | 3,714, 233 2,698,044 | 4,887,416 | 6,007,986 65,219,598 | 8,508,658 | 68,670,327 "96, 761, 185 |"13, 815, 450 |116, 154,490 | 28, 105, 585 301,614 | 2,743,818 101, 15, 724, 838 | 16,158,665 | 7,895, 892 4, 714, 836 | 9,856,529 252,540 77, 115 580, 326 83,534 118, 709, 847 | 21,366,115 | 42,837,136 | 11,744,199 5,617,090 1,021, 892 | 14,286,628 | 3,787, 253 5,375, 768 984, 930 893, 977 208, 131 16,929,411 | 2,501,890 | 13,689,396 | 3,065, 724 , 806 44,532 |..-..00 ip ae ect - 2,819,278 | 2,948,100 | 1,142,293 | 2,094,937 1, 016, 67 8, 661, 925 679,689 | 7,733,557 14,914,902 | 2,533,943 | 20,318,559 | 5,524, 695 9, 867,826 | 1,880,230] 9,990,141 | 2,669, 458 43,732,924 | 8,819,512 | 52,566, 14,334,719 7,700,421 | 1,145,958 | 8,935,072] 2,148,796 075,254): 9, 205, 072.1. bce eee enone 16, 253, 262 | 31,698, 762 | 3,837,927 | 9,428, 203 77, 035, 622 | 12,062,410 | 73,531,892 | 19,301,977 54, 967, 832 | 10,712,463 | 33,427,329 | 8,603, 286 61, 800 306, 756 1, 250 13, 825 13,746,512 | 26,743,498 | 6,756,191 | 15,579,424 4,981,846 | 1,058,998 | 2,136,645 506, 717 4,083 35, 662.) . na ncstaels cena es 2,530,699 | 3,133,896 | 3,272,754 | 6,871,144 54,597 88, 585 Noack o oonn 3 te abt 13,261,559 | 2,270,025 | 6,957,993 | 1,625,892 7,923,706 | 8,237,912 246, 004 456, 009 19, 127; 675 | 37,946,031 155, 550 380, 224 591, 182 | 4,087,784 69, 253 690, 141 10, 625, 101, |», 1,501, 376) ieus< nce Jd gobs bipmawced 20,446,110 | 2,838,460 |.........2-.|.-- 200 pikes 2,657, 914 432, 566 ju ncoananstnthyes whee ses ~ 8,081,795 | 1, 201; 373.) .ssvpauaseecideceusn> ~ 15, 907, 144 2) 745, 1l7 774, 004 175, 106 76,089 420, 480 549 5,442 24,493,817 | 27,860,538 | 21,197, 784 | 39, 118, 255 67,976, 120 |139, 429,196 | 15,129,803 | 36,470,014 3,015,525 | 21,947,731 | 10,055,827 }112, 664, 346, 758, 407 65, 192, 174 1533, 135, 385 |147, 983, 735 217,434,561 | 40,800, 138 |372, 722,508 , 792, 492 178) 110,633 | 32) 816,184 |159, 959, 165 | 38,855,685 31,761,124 | 5, 316, 644 | 48, 244,317 | 10, 184,472 6, 058, 672 "929? 881 | 1,903, 144 447,141 1 Four-year average, 1911-1914. Imports and Exports of Agricultural Products. 653 TABLE 252.—Shipments of principal domestic farm and forest products from the United States to Hawaii and Porto Rico, 1916-1918. [These shipments are not included in the domestic exports from or imports into the United States.] Year ending June 30— Possession. and article. 1916 1917 1918 Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. | Quantity. | Value, HAWAII, Dairy products.......pounds..| 4,819,844} $629,825 | 5,537,968 | $878,816 | 4,057,847 | $878, 447 Meat products-..---------++++-|..-..... ,oasel wil S88, 174 eee st 258 figlOGs S17 | = os enn ae 2= 740, 107 Grain and grain products....-.-|............- 25322 AGG) 67.5 Lae B:14% O02 ooztesee o> 3, 039, 729 cde woke. 252. s-3- pounds..| ~~ “191, 840 7,307 | 5,918,689 | 267,423 | 8,651,147 | 594, 698 Tris cen Oe ae © aes eee 1, O02, O76)|= 225-5 - 2155 1099, S87 || 52 axaeva 4 1, 494) 241 PORTO RICO, Dairy products..-..... pounds..| 3,861,569} 496,177] 4,346,394] 652,888 | 5,692,110 | 1, 062, 646 Meat products .........--.-.---|_.._......-.- S BbtaldG, |adeden ste 7 ESN a eae Bae 5, 011, 966 Beans and dried peas-bushels- . 216, 747 795, 276 211, 542 964, 072 218, 608 | 1,259, 334 Grain and grain products....-..|_.-.......... 2004 Beau. 2 bo Sos oe Ee eee 4,310, 180 PRICH PE UOAE so. tans 5 pounds..| 143,171,261 | 5,596,068 | 154,806,589 | 6,587,122 | 125, 131, 832 | 9, 144, 940 Breanee-cs-! 2 J. .9.2.- do....| 10,265,579 | °612;041| 9,331,896 | °670,530} 3,017,215| © 245,074 jig: 5 ee eS ae do....| 1,764,344 | 285,041] 27376,479| 432,453 | 2,003,224| 637,872 VEE ee oe pe eee oe 156, 434 2s Ave oles 1, 294, 561 |.....--.----- 1, 074, 992 TABLE 253.—Shipments of principal domestic farm products from Hawaii and Porto Rico to the United States, 1916-1918. Year ending June 30— Possession and article. 1916 ; 1917 1918 Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. HAWAL, Colisorer anes aes ape pounds. . 2,252,364 | $343,829 1, 987,035 | $297,972 1,968,080 | $275, 733 Pineapples, earmed.:./. £2. 2]2..020...23.. GUDLF 055) fee se ee oars WOT0, Hadi ls Seek weee coe 8, 394, 307 (Sa 2 aes oe ape pounds. -|1, 137, 159, 828 |54; 418) 095 |1, 162, 605, 056 |62, 741, 164 |1, 080, 908, 797 |64, 108, 540 PORTO RICO Grapefruit..-....---- boxes. . 296, 613 836, 932 435, 890 939, 677 549, 825 | 1, 120, 330 Oranges. ..----.------- aoees 404, 367 790, 667 502, 313 | 1, 008, 465 602, 987 | 1, 230, 984 Pineapples: .-=--¢_..-..-.-:: emery .d sea TANG, Si [eee eee ee O16, 4th: |e ee. 617, 496 Molasses and sirup -gallons..| 16,279,073 | 1,073,786 18, 751, 212 | 1,332, 538 14, 495, 752 | 1,213, 382 iS) ele ee ies pounds..| 849,763,491 |45, 799,299 | 977,377, 996 |53,987, 767 | 672,937,334 |41, 310, 845 Tobacco, leaf.....-.... do....| 6,705,823 | 2) 857; 036 7, 958, 439 | 3,583,052 | 13,124,315 | 7, 913,675 S 654 ° Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TABLE 254.—Destination of principal farm products exported from the United States; 1910-1918. > B Quantity. Per cent of total. Year ending June 30— aaa and count: fs ch consign’ a pe 2 Average, 1918 | 1910-1914. 1916 1917 1918 (prel.). inc 1916 | 1917 (prel.). 1914. ANIMAL MATTER. Cattle Number. Number Number Number Camadasg rc ae ieessd 9,105 4,511 6) 3824. cnt woes 10.4} 2A A. igen Teagan... 2 6 492 att: a Sega a 728 | 3o a AER, i Other countries....... 4, 757 “na Pe ae 3681 |......-..-.2:| a | BOs omen meee Totall. <2 2-5-5 oe 87, 625 21, 287 13, 387 18,213 |100.0 |100.0 |100.0 | 100.0 Horses ety Se air 4 28,546 18, 064 ora BS Sve. sescccet 000-4, oose 5 Scere . Mexico). 22 ft 2254.3 1,197 4,661 2,659 4,775 | 4.3 United Kingdom... 522 49, 412 100, 110 56,215 | 1.9 Other countries ....... 656 220, 539 146, 359 5,711 | 2.3 Notaltcood. eases ete 28,073 | 357, 553 278, 674 84,765 100.0 Butter: Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. nese ily Seek aw 499, 942 2,013,392 1,323, 653 44,749 | 11.7] 14.9] 4.9 3 tra merican States and British HMONIGEIAS. onc 35-08 694, 345 834, 385 614) 306) | Jeo. 2 eee 16.2 |) 632, 1:28.00 bso. MOGROO:L..0- sume nonce 369, 271 167,395 558, 369 223,091} 8.6] 1.2] 2.1 1.3 eo ——— ae igi 5, as pea 13, 982) 559 ; rap 77. 78.8 GUGTUM SS os es sents 10, 160 |. 22 0h aoe C re de nos = West Indies and Ber- - : ; muda..... oe | 1,361, 406 1,614,695 | . 1,829,040 | 11,197,180 | 31.8 | 12.0} 6.8 6.8 Other countries....... 152, 296 3,385, 669 1,290, 266 2; 288? 387 | 3.6] 25.1] 5.2 12.8 ditt ee ate, AE ee 4, 277, 955 13, 487, 481 26, 835, 092 | 17, 735, 966 |100. 0 [100. 100. 0 | 100. 0 | 100.0 Meat products: Beef products— Beef, canned— United Kingdom..| 5,129,188 | 38,205,216 | 40,218,190 | 46,375,149 | 54.6 | 75.2 | 59.6 47.6 Other countries....| 4,262,934 | 12,598,549 | 27,317,935 | 50,991,834 | 45.4 | 24.8] 40.4| 52.4 WOU cst ec eee 9,392,122 | 50,803,765 67,536,125 | 97,366,983 |100.0 100.0 100.0} 100.0 Beef, fresh— | 5, 026, 662 1, 504, 583 235, 034 144,442 | 17.1 ot Ye United Kingdom....| 23,410, 437 | 117,409, 488 | 125, 687,523 | 285, 7897 315 | 79.5 | 50.8 | 63.7 77.2 Other countries. . ... 1,015, 203 | 112}299'929 | 71; 254) 544 | 84/123,757] 3.4] 48.5] 36.2] 22.8 Total ice vous oats «45 29,452,302 | 231,214,000 | 197,177,101 | 370,057,514 |100.0 |100. 0 100.0 | 100.0 Beef, pickled and other’ cured— —— pillows tarlibes ony ae 5, er 9,394, 712 2,623,317 —- 13.4 | 16.2 4.8 FORMIGHDY 350.0 2e 0 ee) 3617, 863.1, | ADD, 269. 5 Bee aoe eD lnadewe Usb wteols wepaem Newfoundland and PK 2. Labrador.......... | 4,941,896 | 5,027,163] 6,802,524} 5,505,008 | 15.1] 13.2111.7] 10.0 United Kingdom as 7,902,166 | 12,003,390 | 7,480,665 | 4,205,204 | 24.1 | 31.5 | 12.9 Te es ndies an ; Bermuda.......... | 4,548,476 | 2,372,514 | 1,868,094] 12,026,658] 13.9] 6.2] 3.2 3.7 Other countries. .... | 10)413;273 | 1376097866 | 32) 498,672 | 40,507,033 | 31.7| 35.7] 56.0] 73.8 Dotalan. evi. 32,809, 763 | 38,114,682 | 58,053,667 | 54,867,310 |100. 0 |100.0 |100.0 } 100.0 ee ee eee - —>|_J|J Oleo oi]*— eae Ah swine hts Be 6,614, 373 2,764,095 30, 000 ha 6.4) 41 | CL ee epee MOG, O00 Thuvine vd» daccliuucgcaecreeuleeee pe ee te ee FF ree Netherlands......... 57,084,122 | 29,762,451 8, 061, 706 |. ssaccesesace 50.2 | 29.0 O'licwevae Norway........e000. 8,335,573 | 14,062,716 | 15,907, 144 774,004] 7.3] 13.7] 23. i Senay i ati god = 9, 234, 361 2, 247, 553 13, 313 ft 9.0 betanes Unitec Kingdom... ‘| 92117}005 |" "30,657, 560°|"" 31, 761, 124 |" 48,244,317 | 80 |909| 47.3 | 85.2 Other countries . 7,217, 847 12, 314, 444 6, 348, 400 7, 586, 468 6.4)120] 9.6 13.3 Total. . .....+0+++.| 113,757,713 | 102,645,914 | 67,110,111 100.0 ef _ SS——SS—_”_ _aSSSSSasSaB | eee ) Bermuda included in ‘‘other countries.” 2 For “ Oleo oil’’ the average is for 4 years 1911-1914. Imports and Exports of Agricultural Products. TABLE 254.—Destination of principal farm Article, and count ve which consign ANIMAL MATTER—Con. Meat products—Contd. Lard compounds— United Kingdom.. Other countries. - --- GEA Po. en's a= products— Ital United eee. - » Other countries. . cured— United Kingdom.. Other countries. - - Peru United Kingdom.. Other countries. . . coe INGIWAY 2-2. 3.5 05 United Kingdom. . Other countries - . . Pork, pickled— British Guiana. ... Oanade. <<. o2s.ie. Cuba. Newfoundland and Labrador....... United Kingdom. . Other countries. . . PRULBN SS sep pitts s 1910—1918—Continued. 655 roducts exported from the United States, Quantity. Per cent of total. Year ending June 30— Aver- Average, age, 1918 1910-1914. 1916 1917 1918 (prel.). 1910- 1916 | 1917 (prel.) 1914. | = Saal ic ae —— ef | | | ’ Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. 19,793,565 | 11,895,200 | 14,164,676 | 7,735,338 | 29.4 | 22.5] 25.1| 24.7 5,399,201 | 47597,585| 6,863,487| 4,441,734| 80] 87|122| 14.2 20,830,150 | i8, 486,477 | 13,507,936 | 4,416,476 | 30.9| 35.0] 24.0] 14.1 21,295,941 | 17,864,049 | 21,823,304 | 14,684,834 | 31.7 | 33.8] 38.7] 47.0 67,318,857 | 52,843,311 | 56,359,493 | 31,278,382 |100.0 hoo. 0 j100. 0 iz 100.0 4,901,373 | 60,160,749 | 65,219,598 | 68,670,327] 2.7 | 10.4] 9.8 8.4 964, 39, 590,591 | 118,709,847 | 42,837,136 | 2.7; 6.8] 17.8 5.3 7,696,815 | 13,543,082 | 14,914,902 | 20,318,559] 4.2] 23] 2.2 2.5 2,689,203 | 52,501,448 | 77,035,622 | 73,531,892] 1.5] 9.1] 115 9.0 7,560,557 | 10,532,169 | 19,378,346 | 74,459,980] 4.1] 1.8] 2.9 9.1 4,408,989 | 12,846,176 | 10,625,101 |...........-. pare ee 2) eS 3,637,518 | 227386,900| 8, 296,500 Sess BO ON tebe sos 1, 909, 280 14, 906, 277 1,065, 440 48] 1.0] 2.6 od hee Sree 133, 760, 286 339; 341, 069 346, 758, 407 | 533,135,385 | 73.3 | 58.5 | 52.0 65. 4 10,945,409 | 14,000,325 | 5,148,209 | 27340; rg GY eae iy 182, 474,092 | 579, 808,786 | 667,151,972 | 815,319,424 |100.0 |100.0 |100.0 | 100.0 i, 863,470 DIB AID (hie 0 nj heateiaia Sos | duno haat kia Sais 4.7 1. L.Othesesndlews tude 509,867 | 2,673,658 | 5,617,090 | 14,286,628] 27] .9| 21 3.4 ri 608 ese a fy GIR 493, 464 9, 867, 826 9,990,141] 2.8) 41] 3.7 2.4 143; 087, 022 251, 025, 755 217, 434, 561 | 372,722,508 | 85.8 | 89.0] 81.5 88. 8 , 656, 14, 223, 129 33, 737, 104 | 22,572,592] 4.0] 5.0] 12.7 5.4 166, 813, 134 | 282, 208,611 | 266,556,581 | 419,571,869 |100.0 100.0 100. 0 17,076,171 | 70,132,156 | 96,761,185 | 116,154,490] 3.6 29.6 10,181,941 | 6,330,140] 5,375,768 893,977 | 2.1 2 41, 378, 503 | 53, 811, 784 48) 732,924 | 52,566,358] 8.7 13. 4 F 80, 647 2, 874, 017 841) 110 75, 000 Othe tah Ao eds Pama sins 3, 369, 460 3, 716, 378 3, 842° 692 1, 810, 527 a .5 12,089,618 | 42, 282, 883 54, 967, 832 | 33,427,329] 2.5 8.5 Oa mCC SD ee om BR 2 OS Ie Br Oeste es 4,655,944 | 3,487,719 | 4,981,846] 2,136,645] 1.0 5 7,000,932 | 8,736,712 | 13,261,559] 6,957,993 | 1.5 1.8 36,501,329 | 13,281,671 | 20,446,110 |............. Er liek: eon ho Cee 2,784,573 | 2,265,865 | 2,082,555] 1,400,455] .6 .4 169; 176, 230 | 192’ 075,591 | 178, 110,633 | 159,959; 165 | 35.7 40.8 25, 348, 135 | 28, 016, 422 15, 365,326 | 17,116,496 | 5.4 4.3 474, 354,914 | 427,011,338 | 444, 769, 540 | 392, 498, 435 |1 100. 0 2, 250, 893 2,078, 710 1022400))).. SES pS] 60) SeBeles Te. ee? SOT RE aa SE pe aR ree he ee re | eee 25,078,158 | 9,059,503 | 2,657,914 |.............| 57.6 | 26.3 | 15.1 ]....... 2,679,054 | 2,222,742] 3,234,094 322, 932 7.6 1,871,448 | 12,114,029] 8,627,547] 3,495, 665 82.1 2,463,857 | 8,951,606} 2,034, 186 439, 932 10.3 43,571,550 | 34,426,590 | 17,576,240| 4,258,529 100. 0 1, 539, 772 877,977 | 1,083, 300 863, 280 L4 2.6 10,117,759 | 17,835,273 | 16,929,411 13, 689, 396 28. 1 41.2 7,286,791 | 7,846,918 | 7,700,421] 8,935,072 12.4 26.9 1, 818, 119 949, 492 IR ASEO | s CS SET ee eid BoC. a 5, 920, 365 7, 070, 090 6, 262, 085 3, 220, 600 11.1 1, 426, 085 L 116, 253 618, 416 276, 782 1.8 10, 225, 205 13) 124) 077 6, 058, 672 1, 908, 144 20.7 , 939, 14; 640; 643 7, 568, 106 4) 333, 228 23.0 48, 274, 929 63, 460,713] 46, 992, 721 5 1 For “ Lard, neutral, the average is for 4 years, 1911-1914. 656 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. Tasie 254.—Destination of principal farm produsis exported from the United States, 1910-1918 ontinued. Quantity. | Per cent of total. Year ending June 30— Article, and country to which consign: Aver- age, 1918 19i0-| 1916 | 1917 | (rer) 1914. Average 1910-1914. 1916 1917 1918 (prel.). VEGETABLE MATTER. Cotton: Pounds. Pounds, Pounds. Pounds. Austria-Hungary.....-. 48200 G10 |. « «nbdmscGe «| a's daseaedss| a5 <3.aQenaaeeee nD IG) a RY pate nee Belgingm. <3 |. 5 cet ao 2s QL BOL OS! | ee ce es Peer ee Geer Doh hc ea eee oe Oandde-. adores. cee 76,708,788 | 98,829,599 | 93,600,456 | 124,986,426] 1.7] 3.2] 3.0 5.4 RranG6. Jeotua ce ..2e ae 543,310, 082 445, 187,759 | 527,874,622 | 329, 276,533 | 12.3 | 14.4] 17.1 14. 2 Qermanye.....45...22 -5 L257 404 ;068: | ok cds ious cals. tettindie aoe eS 28.'5:. ads mal ereweape Pres as bh ee 2 a see 550, 388, 023 | 418,457,552 | 343, 578, 824 5.7) 13.6) 11.1 8.0 Japan... ses.c5g2. 2538 148, 287,700 | 251,538,465 | 265,445, 968 3.4) 82] 8.6 12.6 MExICS. shox eos eas 10,601,091 | 11,847,741 | 2,648,957 iy eS | to 3 Netherlands........... 12,177,934 | 51,043,560 | 31,080,490 « Sl) “Lecaneae® 2 Russia, European. .... 43,788,355 | 86,724,722 | 24,594, 286 1.0] 2.8 8 3 SL ie ee ee ee 134,932,086 | 170,122,980 | 197,046, 594 3.1} 65.5] 6.4 5.6 SWEGER 3s Gu. toe 18, 142, 436 | 30,254,928 | 53,040, 674 «4:) LA abe? United Kingdom...... 1,754,711,933 |1,380,444,961 |1,447,711,674 39.7 | 44.8 | 46.9 Other countries. ...... 29, 187, 164 | 139,617,858 i01, 458, "241 5) 441/583 Total. 2-5 2 .-+ foe 4,419,802,157 |3,084,070,125 |3,088,080,786 |2, 100. 0 |100. 0 |100. * pies, dia - p les, ied— Gert SEE 175478; 832 |. S522 Soe. .| See ALS. | 3 ee 40.7 1b PAR: vo eae has wae 9,612, 942 1,878, 251 S87 280" enn ane ae 27.4 } 1126 108)... Other countries. zope 8,050,439 | 14,340,923-| 10,170,505 |...........2. 22.9 | 88.4 | 98.2 BOW osavs ate eee oa 35, 137, 213 16, 219,174 | 10,357,791 100. 0 |100. 0 | 100. Apples, fresh— Barrels Brrrels. Barrels. ANAM Ese == 5 Sass 221,431 $01, 986 314, 955 14.3 | 20.6 | 18.1 ese 2 oS FESS 157,020 | cee. sot ites] Sos anne ae tad s| mee ae pS eee ee er United Kingdom....| 1,020,968 874,587 | 1,147,412 65.8 | 59.6 | 65.9 3 Other countries. .... 151, 834 289, 748 277, 630 9.8 | 19.8 | 16.0 27.6 Dotakss. f20256.5 1,551,253 | 1,466,321 , | 1739 997, 100. 0 |100.0 |100,0 | 100, 0 Apricots, dried— Pounds. ~ Pounds. — Poundecn F : elgium sakes cans re 956,675 |. 20 oss 50 ofa dads Stee bo -lde OU See AO) Tact wielletereeeel iat ours & Canada. ....-.-.-.5. 1,117,625 1, 558, 407 751,012 5.71 6.51226 25. 8 HIGHCG, -628-% goes 2, 558, 956 2 570, 491 5, 754, 643 13.2 | 10.7 | 58.5 9.0 Germany)... - -.-52 08 6;208,.071 |e saw ceca ~|aendie hate ke «| de Apo eneemnee 26. 8 lan nome teense aks == Netherlands......... 2, 204, 930 2, 526, 953 345,081 |J.weaeowaseee 113°] 1036 Tene. one United Kingdom... . 5, 552, 246 5, 783, 717 614, 139 28.6 | 24.27, 6.2 15. 2 Other countries. . .. . 1,839,506 | 11,500,222] 2,376, 204 9.5 | 48.01 24.2} 50.0 POLL cbep ars Seweees 19,438,009 | 23,939, 790 9,841, 119 100. 0 |100.0 |100.0 | 100.0 Oranges—* Boxes. i Bores. Bores. n Cangas. cisco 1,135,194] 1,489,746 | 1,726,394 Other countries. .... 50,988 85, 296 123, 978 Eo oad eee eta : 1, 186, 182 1,575, 042 1, 850, 372 Prunes— rT. Pounds. | ~ Pounds. — Pounds. — DG go tenet oe0 5,006, 565 Ja. 0200 seensss|coasicseents o)enwekaeeuenee Ganddas st Jecesc 38 11,327,559 | 11,857,965 | 11,112,227 PYOGNBI. | ds oc -d00s 10,226,468 | 4,869,201 | 23,852, 707 GEOTIBDY,. arises epee fp, 420; 280 |... linn sawa®.-] 0 Seda bacwel slasstUesemenee Netherlands......... 7, 238, 048 2, 467, 052 330, 580 United Kingdom. ... 8, 847,965 | 14,967,084 | 10,765,070 Other countries. .... 8, 361, 806 | 23,261,525 | 13, 584, 557 QUEL, sn deii's ahdwns 80,427,650 | 57,422,827 | 59,645,141 Fruits canned— Dollars. o Dollars. Dollars. United Kingdom....| 2,715,863 | 5,284,344 | 3, 627, 823 Other countries... .. 1,247,786 | 1,765,717 | 2,510,869 | 3,994,542 | 31.5 | 25.0) 40.9} 56.9 7,024, 466 |100.0 100.0 |100.0 | 100.0 SOGOU, Jncccsnsseden 3,963,649 | 7,050,061 | 6,138, 692 Imports and Exports of Agricultural Products. TABLE 254.—Destination of principal farm 657 roducts exported from the United States, 1910-1918 —Continued. Quantity. Per cent of total, Year ending June 30— Article, and co to which ned. rn Aver verage age, 1910-190, 1916 1917 1918 (prel.). 1910- 1916 | 1917 1914. VEGETABLE MATTER— continued. Glucose and grapesugar:| Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. AYBGHTNe sc... ------- 5, 571, 728 151875400 |) 2,754, 150 Ve. - . eS 3.1 Cd i ee B ‘ish Oceania. ..-..- 8 631, 878 4 058, O16 8 Lee, SIG Pte ae ec oh 4.8} 2.2 a. United Kingdom.....-. 145, 950, 270 145, 862) 204 1) 160; 716,035 1. Soenccet eu: 80.8 | 78.2 | 74.8 }....... Other countries... ---- 20, 370, 027 29, 297; 757 (ob ae eee xy RS De Ei ae e250 tdi nk. sa ae > 180, 523,903 | 186, 406, 182 agai | 97,858,301 |100.0 |100.0 |100.0 |....... eee eee reedacts: Corn— Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels iii 1, 387, 953 4,550 581,371 | 3,714,283] 3.5].....- 9 (ae 8,379,334 | 6,568,407 | 15,724,838 | 7,895,892 | 21.0| 17.2 | 24.3 0 Ghee lala 2,300,521 | 3,231,323} 2'819,278| 13142,903| 5.8] 85| 4.4 Denmark....-.-.... ?493,820{ 9,527,032 | 7,075,254 |....2........ C5129) 10: 9ihsosL - ow Reg ape) ig eee ce bier Joie > 5 ae LER SRS [eR ty eee Sorrel bey See Maicos.:.22iots2..- 500,803 | 3,678,934 | 2,530,699; 3,272,754] 6.3| 9.6] 3.9 ae. §, 111, 282 5, 705, 625 7,923, 706 246,004 | 12.8} 14.9 | 12.2 United Kingdom.... 10, 906, 171 5 627, 128 24° 493, 817 | 21, 197, 784 | 27.4 | 14.7 | 37.8 Other countries. . . -. 1, 498, 252 3, 874, 013 3, 571, 879 3, 528, 867 | 3.81) 10.2] 5.6 10 Se 39,809,690 | 38,217,012 | 64,720,842 | 40,997,827 |100.0 |100.0 |100.0 Wheat— Belgigms-. aso --< - 7,195,138 | 2,682,919 | 2,698,044] 6,007,986 | 12.6) 1.5] 18 Ci a 1,776,247 | 6,244,732 | 4,714,836 252,540| 3.1] 3.6] 3.1 Ly ce ae ed 3,001,698 | 21,802,818 | 16,253,262| 3,837,927] 5.3] 12.6] 10.8 Soyer a yh G4s RS) SE Sosa fal ees Ges ot cc aes 2 Bacal 20°86 to >. >>. | eeeieeee 1 a eae 2,367,307 | 31,441,667 | 13,746,512| 6,756,191 | 4.2]18.1] 9.2 eal hea aie 2,338, 152 (od ae atee Lee ar aie Og RE IETS: 2 Tae Lin pS ae 1,178, 864 17, 624 DACOL, Wo. 5235s ates ee ees ee oe Netherlands........-] 8,350,709 | 21,070,335 | 19,127,675 155,550 | 14.7] 12.2] 12.8 United Kingdom....| 21,806,112 | 53,550,376 | 67,976,120} 15,129,803 | 38.3 | 30.9 | 45.4 Other countries. . - - - 2, 744, 498 | 36, 448, 716 25, 260, 381 1,978,856 | 4.8] 21.1 | 16.9 Total.......--.----| 56,913,228 | 173,274,015 | 149,831,427 | 34,118, 853 |100. 0 [200.0 0 10. 0 Wheat flour— Barrels. Barrels. Barrels Barrels. Leip | Nigella elas Pe 567, 444 734, 726 301, 614 101,927 | 5.3] 4.7 <5 British West Indies. 472, 953 372, 159 Ota Ae | - 0 ces Ses see 4 4A Gib 2... ace (Gort: at oe a 2, 821 f 77,115 83, 534 -8 3! -4 LLCS) De Pile Ro 263, 882 10, 762 Oy BOG Te saa ses. Se. 2.5 oC eee | (Sy t1]: Sake: Siaspaeae Sea 856, 239 1, 124, 562 A 016, 675 679,689 | 80] 7.2) a1 Eh a es PAS BaGnive Seaot ee KAM SOE tte aE ok Saale Ae dae PaO ae Me | Germany, >... <-..- LS ETT ENO SIE RS | te AS ae NSA eS EE ere LO eee) aia 233,932 221, 455 127,458 10; 998 | 4 2.23.) de4s) nbs vols. Higugkong eee eae 1, 121, 139 356, 263 61, 800 it, 2 OB BSilm PaB [ests RE on nrte «aimee. 612,879 54,475 A OBS. Eat ee dk YY ee ee Negherionds BE arses 818, 637 219, 644 591, 182 69,253 | 7.7 1.4 | 3 INGRWE Ys hos <4=.- =~ 212, 713 912, 743 715, 077 214,810} 2.0] 5.9 | 1.0 Philippine Islands. . 278, 717 385, 371 76, OSS eT ee ee Unite Kingdom.... 2, 712, 639 3, 145, 030 3,015,525 | 10,055,827 | 25.4 | 20.3 46.0 Other countries. .... 2) 013, 327 7,933,055 5,574,112 | 10,662,388 | 18.8] 51.1 | 48.7 ifr NES fis le a el 10,678,635 | 15,520,669 11,942,778 | 21,880,151 |100.0 |100.0 100.0] 100.0 St Pounds. Pounds. ritish Oceania. ------ 516, 882 621, 094 RTI oS hi 268, Bou 626, 126 United Kingdom. .... 13, 8.0, 669 | 19, 703, 283 Other countries. ...... 181,525 1,459,315 LAC) ia ag a 15,547,756 | 22,409,818 3.494, 579 }100. 0/100. 0 |100.0 }....... 98911°—ygexK 1918——-46 4,824,876 658 TaBLE 254.—Destination of principal farm products exported from the Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. United States, 1910-1918—Continued. Quantity. | Per cent of total. Year ending June 30— Article, and country to which consigned. fs Aver- verage, age, 1918 1910-1914. 1916 1917 1918 (prel.). 1910- 1916 | 1917 (prel.). 1914. a eee VEGETABLE MATTER— continued Oil cake and oil-cake meal: Cottonseed— Pounds Pounds Pounds. Belgiutn ..345: os f.05 30,009; 989 1s. Pied ete c] ow teenie ae| | ———————————— ee Oils, vegetable: Cottonseed— Argentina........... 9, 300, 144 9, 275,577 2, 863,997 1,971,552 | 3.4 Austria-Hungary.. 4,051, 218 |.) co.cc del 0b sete eee |. koe PE pe cc eee Belgim ss es.uu. Re. y 053,300 |... «sence anaeeen nates | ob cee ene 1.5 Candis 2: 0.42.25.3: 20,345,315 | 35,420,571 | 40,902,325 | 40,689,087} 7.5 Chileics.. fo. fev He oe 320, 237 4, 575, 977 1, 787, 089 1,912,903 | 1.6 Cabacss 7 AR 3,522,682} 6,754,878 | 8,710,957 | 11,070,037} 1.3 Fravtes3 55 A721 14,510, 409 33, 500, 328 3, 187, 870 6,221,545 | 5.3 Germany. 2 20... 2 13,184, 628) SSeS) oe we cette lb oe eee 4.9 Tiaky. 2). i4,18 £5 e 27,558, 963 9, 424, 790 Oa, Lal | Leen n ae 10.3-1 Sc Or ae eens Mevied ioe: 5-.2--) 21,994,280 | 2,674,740 918, 959 229,847 | 8.1 Netherlands......... 58, 258, 887 | 56,981,676 | 28,034,879 |............. 21.6 D1 a Paro. => oo. Norway. .s.e..ut2e8 7,512, 668 | 31,055,628 | 33,591,436 572,765 | 2.8 Rosmanis a eae 3, 0105664 ||. 5... 2eeeeroce wb centeenea tals baakt cuanto yam Eine Kuropean :.} | Ovl2e061: |. 5 25S elt) See ee ee 8.8.13 book Shee ck United Kingdom. 39,832,247 | 32,112,143 | 14,172,497 | 28,091, 481 Unpgaay erate. , 666, 681 3, 152, 222 , 066, 275 755, 270 Other countries. .... 26, 277, 418 _ 41,583, 527 23' 312/356 | 8, 490;587 Total...:......-..| 271,428,578 | 266,512, 057 158,911,767 | 100,005,074 Tobacco, leaf, stems, and trimmings: ! Belguim. co567..5b sk Ah Tea Al 5 SS os a] ok Sade ee bee 75, 523 saa ietadaee British Africa. ........ 6, 233,693 | 7,820, 355 8, 352, 952 8] 2.5 British Oceania....... 13, 984, 064 9,797, 284 9,353, 648 2] 3.9 CONAN B ssn debsienn seve 15,149,901 | 18,621, 186 17,577, 987 2] 3.7 Chins aiden. caea spas oe 7,061, 404 8,908, 844 7, 959, 312 oO] 2.4 Pranoeswls wise Sex 42,503,455 | 82,977,804 73,372, 601 Titel French Africa......... 4,167, 210 4, 195, 016 3, 742, 479 2,511, 968 9 9 Germanys. .60eii.5.22 S708 045") pie ccer ccrclumieanteschasleue cen nennen walveseun Etalyoore une srsscat 41,706,176 |" 41, 000, 738 | 45,587, 226 | "38,540, 520 2) 1.1 JSPR ee deb eaesbanhs 2,997, 113 1, 158, 083 3, 4497 974 2,346,479 3 8 Netherlands........... 26,971, 486 56, 928; 306 55, 123° 517 1, 359, 367 8} 13.4 Spain ..V. sed /s00 se) 20,111, 895 9 779, 100 10,692, 000 17, 536, 192 2| 2.6 nited Kingdom..... 139; 862) 251 150, 639; 054 122, 725,357 | 89,433, 995 0} 29.8 Other countries. ...... 21; "908; 357 | 61,466,296 | 48,262,453 | 20,360,958 7| 11.8 Rotel i NTN. S65 | 392, 183, 071 443, 293,156 | 411,598, 860 | 288,781,511 |100, 0 ——=—SSSoSC —— ————_ —— 1 Leaf only for 1918. Imports and Exports of Agricultural Products. Article, and country to which consign FOREST PRODUCTS. Naval stores: Wetherlands - ah Russia, Euro ean. United Kingdom... . Other countries. .... 1st) ee Netherlands........ United Kingdom.... Other countries... ... United indo. ’ Other countries. - GEA co c2ssu . <2 United Kingdom. . Other countries. . (10) ot ia laae a ear ‘A uahbe long Urugua’ Other picirina on obec Veale Se. xx TABLE 254.—Destination of principal farm 659 roducts exported from the United States, Per cent of total. 1 Not separately stated. w eS agppSoomm we COCO SI be OOo 5 oO » | 1918 1916 | 1917 | JOS 6.2| 7.3} 13.9 3.4/9.0) 14.8 7.61 10.5) 123 meee. 9 Batieee.....>. PCA barry Seabee 35.5 | 41.1| 25.4 99.1] 24.2) 325 100.0 {100.0 | 100.4 4.9] 4.0) 6.3 6.31 951 16.7 110/125} 19.9 rt ty ees 59.7 | 60.2 |. 353 13.3] 13.0| 30.1 100.0 {100.0 | 100.4 —————— 37.8| 27.5] 23.3 4% Kt b-laaetee 5.3111.9| 16.6 1.5| 7.4] 30 2.2] 6.9) 10.6 28} 21) 27 2.6] 1.4] 1.2 6.3] 62| 1.7 10.5} 13.3] 186 1.2] 3.6] 5.0 5.7110.2| 9.8 100.0 {100.0 | 100.0 1910-1918—Continued. Quantity. Year ending June 30— Average, 1910-1914. se: me Barrels. Barrels. Barrels. 110, 085 97, 306 120, 287 MPO eco ofp sat toees a1Bb onccacecaae HADCALG [tee eectens « oclun staat oo ltpedescce cscs 155, 226 132, 545 147, 462 80, 882 120, 146 172,578 URUG0LL | patorwens «wel adaeoseces cltees 98, 964 117, 740 54,927 208, 598 18,175 720 104, 657 70,537 74,080 501, 572 557, 611 673, 268 201, 675 457, 219 395, 268 348, 427 2,406,476 | 1,571,279| 1,638,590] 1,073,889 Gallons. Gallons. Gallons. Gallons. 524, 265 459, 460 356, 953 321, 797 Pa AlOc| 2 PPT | ee ee fa 639, 300 590, 760 838, 631 $51, 328 1,027, 501 1, 026, 768 1, 109, 029 978, 125 stn ned Ul be RRO QESIICS Ph SIS TECHS See ARE 3, 166, 749 442, 682 BOs, eo 6,774,171] 5,561,957 | 5,327,100] 1,413,732 1,240,348 | 1,298,641] 1,143°270| 1,535,142 17,989,006 | 9,310,268 | 8,841,875 | 5, 100,124 M feet M feet. M feet. M feet. 101, 546 79, 785 63, 865 11,031 27, 463 20, 562 14, 200 34, 561 45, 416 30, 745 21, 348 8,121 5, 810 002 29, 044 () 7,619 6, 033 7,421 6, 862 4,017 3, 283 16, 783 17,919 4, 769 28,172 38, 539 51, 053 30, 118 10, 372 13, 646 15, 569 29, 941 27,159 (1) 268, 455 289, 980 274, 339 3,547 4,535 3,444 29, 284 | 36, 908 47,183 (Oa blah ais ales «aus 455 474 56, 157 2, 648 9, 753 10, 002 9, 484 6, 362 (1) 98, 990 54, 030 67, 216 | ¢)_ 33,317 2,050 2,270 192, 590 1/293 @) 35, 346 11, 884 2,792 10, 220 3,961 41, 759 (*) 14.8] 9.3 9.6 1.5 -8 6 3.3 +2 @ 33.1 | 39.3 55. 13] 2.3 2.5 80] 2.2 4 3.0] 3.7 10.2 3.9] 71 3.4 3.3) 2.5 -8 15.3 | 14.7 3.0 19] 12 1.1 10.6 | 16.7 12.1 100.0 E —] s — 660 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. ~ TasBLe 254.—Destination of principal farm products exported from the United States, 1910-—1918—Continued. Quantity. | Per cent of total. Year ending June 30— ° Articie, and count Pa which consign Average, 1918 1910-1914. 1916 1917 (orel.). = Ee | ae Se —— FOREST PRODUCTS—con. Naval stores—Contd. j Lumber—Continued. Railroad ties— M feet. M feet. Chriadaic. =: afte 1,017,724 | 1,152,707 .9| 29.3] 43.3 Onbas ies.) ae 286, 271 ; 7.0 8| 23.4 Mranee:22 25.02 5 223, 426 281, 612 5.5 2 2.8 Honduras......... (1) 175, 217 79, 906 4.3 0 2.0 Mexico:....-cf5.73 353, 174 692, 923 || 8.6 6 17.8 United Kingdom. . 1, 822, 649 685, 718 44.5 117.4] - .5 Other countries. - . 215, 804 539, 182 5.2] 13.7] 10.2 Tote (1) 4,094,265 | 3,934,107 0 Timber, sawed— | Piteh pine, Jong Cansdai i. .2. 2... 5, 851 1,584 France: ......--- 2, 859 12,477 THAIG Sos ee 03) 29, 946 17, 684 United Kingdom 110, 586 88, 465 Other countries . 26, 521 29,317 (4) |100. 0 |100.0 Total... ...- () 175, 763 149, 527 65, 233 TABLE 255.—Origin of principal farm products imported into the United aia 1910-1918. | Quantity. ‘ Per cent of total. Year ending June 30— Article and country of origin. |. inate SSP) | Se en ae } Average 1910-1914, 16) | ANIMAL MATTER. Cattle Number Number Number OANAGRS 3. i Jecces esa. / 3, O97 238, 025 189, 285 Mexioo 9224.05. 3hi. ap 339, 616 197, 788 183, 827 Other countries....... 1, 737 3,372 1,714 Potdl > deb Xi. aes: / 397, 450 439, 185 374,826 Horses: Cann eet ones seat 3,199 6, 250 G, 348") See dsedete BURUND. oc Retuan stdns 1,933 110 P10! | st. Geaeen ee Mattie. 15k i. a 6, 846 8,341 6.88101. b. cance Other countries....... 2,190 | | S40) BBB) | Ee TSB tes eetteen DORM Fae hinscnens 14, 169 15, 556 12,584 Dairy products: Cheese, including sub- stitutes— Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. ay Pe 9 ee 4,142,716 2,321,543 1,937, 341 Netherlands........ 3, 365, 038 578, 201 2G; S73 oc cecasesunl VN PRP. Fr) eee 20,834,962 | 16,084,058 8, 482, Switzerland......... 16, 924° 388 9,514, 008 TOM); GBG biccn occ cawtee Other countries. .... 3, 953) 013 1; 590, 189 2,171, 866 a RE i 49,220,117 | 30,087,999 14,481,514 | 9,839,305 (100.0 1 Not separately stated. Imports and Exports of Agricultural Products. 661 TABLE 255.—Origin of. principal farm products imported into the United States, 1910-1918—Continued. Quantity. / Per cent of total. Year ending June 30— Article and country of | origin. n | a Aver- | verage 1915 age 1918 1910-1914. 1916 1917 | (prel.). | 1910-| 1926 | 1917 \(prel.) 1914. ANIMAL MATTER—contd. Fibers, animal: Silk, raw— Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. NH ate cena geakin's =i 5, 133, 658 7,419, 616 7,006, 700 6,059,089 | 21.6 | 22.4 | 20.7 17.0 Linly ee 27 605,466 | 2) 545; 845 467, 405 7,309 | 10.9] 7.7| 1.4 0.6 At yi): 2: Se ee 15, 591, 700 | - 22 914; 898 | 26,341,833 | 28,371,063 | 65.5 | 69.3 |.77.8 82.4 Other countries. .... 468, 574 190, 543 52,947 10-114} (2.0: OG" N40. T ieee. Ja) ee eee 23,799,398 | 33,070,902 | 33,868,885 | 34,447,575 100.0 |100.0 |100.0 | 100.0 Wool, class 1: Argentina pa te Se 112, 032, 886 } 110,085,992 | 187,078,443 | 161,981,865 | 27.0 | 27.3 | 66.9 53.3 Australia, Common- Wweeltbiols.2.5.-5 86,105,371 | 157,433, 859 802,618 | 29,956,449 | 20.7 | 39.1] 0.3 9.9 Delp o 2. si 5. et TALAOAN Ss dae SMe | hate ess Old abe Ty RE tak Reereer ee ZeMavid «o-.< 25-0: 22,264,826 | 16,697,578 262, 312 4,117,146 | 5.4] 4.1] 0.0} 1.4 nited Kingdom... ... 155, 795, 851 30, 188, 7il 1,555, 182 "161; 498 | 37.5] 7.5 -6 0.0 ton Wictason~aon,> ot 21 022) 160 8, 941, 506 | 33,304,462 | 17, 785, 1701 61] 2.2:):1h9 5.9 Other countries....... 10; 795, 206 78, 773, 939 56, 478, 484 89) 866, 812 | 2.6] 19.8 | 20.3 29.5 Mortals. 2-8-=--5=% 415, 228, 628 | 403,121,585 | 279,481,501 | 303,868,940 {100.0 |100.0 |100.0 | 100.0 Wooi, ciass 2: At a ee 8,096, 949 4.930.170 7, 883, 007 8,419,647 | 8.5 | 37.1 | 46.2 60.3 United Kingdom...... 71, 640, 116 4,135, 963 56,400) | eos eee 75.1.) 31.1 a Other countries.-...... 15, 617, 446 4 226, 027 9,116, 546 5,534,310 | 16.4 | 31.8 | 53.5 39.7 Matalatoe es: sss Le 95,354,511 | 13,292,160 | 17,055,953 | 13,953,957 |100.0 |100.0 |100.0 | 100.0 Wool, class 3: Argentina. ..........-. 19,674,244 | 14,670,272 | 15,075,173 | 15,258,176 | 3.7] 13.4] 22.3] 25.9 British East Indies. . 19; 620, 964 3,025, 191 428, 661 41,3 3.7 | 2.8 -6 1 Chink 246 22525-24.5. 164; 032) 370 | 44,192,310 | 25,448,769 | 24,432,434 | 31.2 | 40.4 | 37.6 41.4 Russia (Asiatic and European)......-.-.. 105,077, 111 352695328) ||. Set ssaeeks 2,699,379'| 20.0} 3.0]...... 4.6 Turkey (Asiatic)...... 34, 698, 915 42? 560 Ds RDG sian ar SNS eG) |= Ree ieee United Kingdom..... 115, 574, 754 25, 969° 190 2,795, 512 138, 367 | 22.0 | 23.8] 4.1 -2 Other countries. .-..... 66,940, 116 18, 100. 148 | 23,914,667 | 16,424,997 | 12.8 | 16.6 | 35.4 27.8 Rarale t s.62-. 525, 618, 474 | 109,268,999 | 67,672,671 | 58,994, 662 ‘100.0 1100.0 |100. 0 | 100.0 Packing-house products: Hides and skins, other than furs— | Calf skins— IBGE co 55-. 2 42 BRIS On! | = s tert de St ee a el ore LC oh TS ae) Ee eke Canada............| 6,267,359 | 4,612,406 | 2, 752,316 | 2,382,544 | 7.5|7.2| 5.9| 181 Mrandes.Gas.%.-; 22 4, 874, 163 7, 994, 908 2, 437, 902 70; 236 | 5.8]/12.5] 5.3 -5 reer BE dein oem LO DOs GMO te ciara 5 os sae Se ee aecoe e us bet ee eer ys ~s ASCP Ae wenn eatee Selec aces Netherlands... 7, 839, 510 8, 750, 387 1, 995, 942 492,427 | 9.4] 13.6] 4.3 3.7 Russia (Euro re 22° 419, NT 1 apie he See 1 515, 426 663,341 | 26.8 |...... 3.3 5.0 United Kingdo 4, 501, 812 4,542,178 5, 259, 334 234,854} 5.4] 7.1] 11.4 1.8 Other countries. . 16,810, 652 | 38, 235,614 32, 375, 275 9, 317, 913 | 20.2 | 59.6 | 69.8 7.9 Ota 20... 5 2. 5. 83,518,403 | 64,135,493 | 46,336,195 | 13,161,315 |100.0 |100.0 |100.0 | 100.0 Cattle hides— NE? 2) Pe Se hee BS Se [ae ce ey a a COST entina......... 71,324, 202 | 149, 537,519 | 118, 987, 435 | 103, 468, 863 | 28.1 | 34.4] 30.8] 38.7 Belgium.........- ORES, Seven oi. Pepe ue Sian at Ot 2 AT. eet are 131: ee 1,745,003 | 59,362,639 | 49,918.492; 19, 213,317 7 | 13.7 | 12.9 (A OT hr | aa eae 35,445,887 | 27,217,476 | 23,240,504 29,353/473 | 14.0] 6.3] 6.0! 11.0 Colombia..........| 5,634,740] 10,736,678 15, 340; 041 13, 837, 088; 2.2] 2.5] 4.0 5.2 (Orn 0 2 is i ellis 4,516,358 | 16, 068, 265 13, 487, 275 12) 065, 247) 1.8 1°3.7 | 3.6 4.5 East Indies....... 4,965,027 | 19,388, 264 17 175, 1S ae eee ee ee Se ea Lh 17,583,731 | 2,885,199 520, 894 54,379| 6.9] 0.7] O.1]....... MORIN R tad 410k Os pity AAC) bons sche senr tba mev dbs ocod| consGuusuupee pe) ee Se en HEALY hd: otek. 2<.~ Brabe. O64: |. ake starts 719) 40%, | eee ek IES BON oe. 1 55 Se se RIGO co cn-b a> 29, 277,132 | 42,895,513 | 36,137,722} 23,851,700| 11.6 | 9.9] 9.3 8.9 Netherlands. .. 6,142, 184 4, 214, 621 5, 029, 905 623,220} 2.4] 1.0] 1.3 0.2 Russia European) SES es Settee | Hath amctaed ase trance a Usa ui xan ida ete Riek: es snes United nied ig om..| 9,167,276 | 6,578,567 | 3,528, 480 205,830} 3.6] 1.5] 0.9 0.1 Sean} aon 12) 911, 444 43) 497, 431 | 38,138,800 | 25,693,227] 5.1/ 10.0} 99 9.6 Lhe oe eat te ery 5, 065, 636 7 530; 524 8, 053, 116 4, 772, 413} 2.0) 1.21 22 1.8 Other countries. . . 19; 178, 468 44, 265, 075 56, 822) 548 34, 361, 003 | 7.6] 10.1 | 14.7 12.8 662)" _. Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TABLE 255.—Origin of principal farm products imported «into the United States, : 1910-1918—Continued. Quantity. Per cent of total. ) Year ending June 3)— Article and country of origin. ee ey Average 1918 1910-1914. — prel.). ANIMAL MATTER—Contd. Packing - house _ prod- ucts—Continued. Hides and skins, other than furs—Con. Goatskins— ; Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. yin ee a Bas 3,656,513 | 4,151,509] 3,499,925 | 2,031, 272 4.1] 3:3 3.0 Afgems. ©.ce. on 5 3, 772,149 6,913, 422 TOOL |. 2 eee ee 6.9.) C6 HaE Ss = Argentina. ........ 3, 944, 343 6, 337, 138 5, 566, 223 6.3] 5.3 4.1 Brawl. J4.0% 4% & 3,621,530} 6,919,497 | 47 601, 848 6.9] 4.4 5.0 Gina. se ee 9,394,904 | 15,084,600} 21,340, 353 15.0 | 20.2 18.1 East Indies....... 41,905,364 | 40,877,117 | 46,196, 646 40.6 | 43.7 49.6 Frances:¢.2..) 4. 2, 543, 276 971,848 | 1,046, 413 1.0] 1.0] 03 Mexico. .........-. 5,534,421] 3,833,616] 4,642,396 3.8.| 4.4 3.9 Russia (European)| 5,425,651°|.. Jo. 0. 8]. BL ys ae ws A) pea tela > OSE am United Kingdom..| 5,180, 243 5, 936, 113 2,181, 600 5.9] 2.1 0.5 Other countries. ..| 10,843, 413 9, 632, 161 9, 563, 776 9.5) 9.0 15.5 Totaly 4; <2: 2: 95, 821, 807 | 100, 657,021 | 105, 640, 307 00.0 }100.0 | 100.0 Sheepskins— 5 ek Argentina......... 5,270,655 | 13,308,025 | 22,698, 632 13.1 | 23.7] 26.4 TORRE ak die eed 1,244,866 | 3,257,445 | 2,326,475 a2) R4 24 British Oceania...| 7,716,554 | 14,653,153 | 10,879, 286 14.4 | 11.4 18.7 Omindso-sesti ters 2,109, 858 3, 105, 951 2,699, 873 31) 28 3.3 Frances, *. 20-322 <4 2,637, 365 2,089, 161 1,362 709 2.1) 1.4 0.7 Russia (European)| 6,334, 259 2B, BAD! |. g Sate see ceeloaeweese eee 0.0 {OR United Kingdom..| 28,434,981 | 33,287,127 | 17,622,773 32.8 | 1 6.4 Other countries....| 11,328,467 | 31,735,579 | 38,140, 850 31.3 | 39. 42.1 Total. 0. i428 65,077,005 | 101,459, 281 o| on Cocoa, crude: Brarils it 2p.002) i 17,128,176 | 45,657,401 | 51,461,624 12.1-| 188 British West Indies....| 36,119,338 | 39,933,405 | 60,139,918 25.5 | 16.4 Dominican Republic..| 24,818,840 | 48,990,707 | 61,443, 869 17.5 | 20.1 poor ae Devas Seiad 19,120,725 | 31,913,350 | 67,227,698 13.5 | 13.1 Potties ee sees 18, 751, 436 7,531,924 | 16,551,624 13.2] 31 United Kingdom...... | 8,534,723 | 13,408,058 | 14,650,811 6.0] 5.5 Other countries........ | 17,327,197 | 55,797,094 | 70,178,332 | 138,439,015 | 23.0 | 13.0 Toth d.: 6.0244 | 141, 800,435 | 243,231,939 | 338,653,876 | 399,040,401 {100.0 |100.0 Bre ot ook 673,058,602 | 849, 405, 925 Central Americar States and British 907, 197, 562 | 743, 958, 456 = ao 3 <<) Honduras........... 38,789,033 | 95,573,010 166,292,751] 4.3) 8&0 Colombia.............. 70, 516, 164 | 109, 363, 456 112,159,390] 7.8] 91 Eat INOS oo woser ets 9, 893, 785 6, 258, 733 4,687,588} 11] 0.5 MORIEG bens past voce 31, 220,334 | 49,832, 801 31,118,513 | 3.5) 41 Netherlands........... 2,565,776 50,806 | =: 160, 000 | 0 cues cewscns OS liens VGQNORUGINN 555 occ b8- 45, 806,538 | 73,405,301 5.1] 6.1 West Indies and Ber- RICE ne | Se teoue os tb 5,614,876 | 10,832,182 30,240,917 | 0.6} 0.9 Other countries. ...... 21, 874, 219 6, 382, 181 5,310,840] 25] 0.6 ye OEE AC el det 899, 339, 327 ————————— Fibers, vegetable: : See: 77,876, 828 47, 582, 526 73. O11 Ay 2 SEG pe h “ Pere , 544, gar e72 2. United Kingdom.... 7,687,013 pre 6. British India........ 2, 3, 147, 235 iy RS als as aks te oe 7,761, 757 17, 862, 209 rf Other countries... .. 9,554, , 365, 9. > yan aiates ah 110, 956, 998 100. 103, 325,647 Imports and Exports of Agricultural Products. 663 Taste 255.—Origin of principal farm products imported into the United States, 1910-1918—Continued. Quantity Per cent of total. Year ending June 30— Article and country of origin. re hae Aver: verage 91 age 1918 1910-1914. 1916 1917 (prel.). | 1910-| 1926 | 1917 | (ore), 1914. VEGETABLE MATTER— continued. Fibers, vegetable—Con. Flax— Long tons. | Long tons. | Long tons. | Long tons. Belgium. <..2. 2... --- 2, 100 OS | Jot seit ses] aepeessiu see CS ae ee Russia (European) .. 2, 862 2,521 2,872 2,955 | 26.6 | 36.3 | 36.3 | 52.7 United Kingdom. ... 4, 308 3, 230 3,814 1,129 | 40.1 | 46.5 | 48.2] 20.1 Other countries. ...- 1,482 1,168 1, 232 1,523 | 13.8 | 16.9 | 15.5 27.2 Lo) a 10,752 6,939 | 7,918 5,607 |100.0 }100.0 |100.0 ....... Jute and jute butts— ral British East Indies. . 89, 320 99, 780 100; G85ihcgesseset 95.9 | 92.1 | 97.3 \....... Other countries. . ... 3,843 8, 542 es UGE Bence eo are oc 4.1 7.9 2%. se... Mptodue c.f. 2.0% 93,163 108, 322 112, 695 78,312 |100.0 |100.0 |100.0 |..... = Manila fiber— . ) Philippine Islands. - 70, 513 78, 809 CU Re es ey ee 98.0} 99.9 | 99.4 |....... Other countries. . ... 1,409 83 BOD |e sen eee 2a 20 Otto GEO... ee eer ae 71,922 78, 892 76,765 86,220 |100. 0 |100. 0 |100.0 |....... Sisal grass— MEEIGOSo.5 Jz ie 125 <2 128, 314 220,994 ISOS S6E 1 S258 os. See 91.4 | 96.7 Other countries . ace 12, 001 7,616 pA? ee ee oe 8.6| 3.3 so rae 140,315 228, 610 143, 407 150, 164 |100. 0 |100. 0 |1 Fruit: Bananas— Bunches. Bunches. Bunches. Bunches. British West Indies.} 14, 404, 120 4, 927,435 2,101 B16 fecsdsccevsasd Central American ° States and British IONGUPAS..... .'...- 23,010, 323 24,440, 649 26,323,639 25, 895, 734 Cele. 2 ee see 2,388, 024 2,859, 021 2, 184,110 1, 151, 165 South America...... 2,344, 511 F71010473| |B, 578) 5001) «422-6 20. e Se Other countries. .... 1, 536, 446 1, 817, 552 383,414 7,502, 484 ROTA. © tthe: 5st 43,683,424 | 36,754,704 | 34,661,179 | 34,549,383 Walnuts— Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Austria-Hungary... . lt ol peep aetna Of Ree mien AP eS ermeeriet Per ERRER oS a oxo chan = « 21,026,019 | 22,443,477 | 18,302,907 9,099,952 ay 22 Serer eee 5, 754, 825 8, 489, 385 7,822,612 6, 260, 317 Turkey (Asiatic)....| 1,249,497 |..-.-- Bier eee | See naa al ea eens = Other countries. .... 4,793, 510 5,926,072 | 12,599, 843 7,928, 901 £111 La 33,666,549 | 36,858,934 | 38,725,362 | 23,289,170 Oils, vegetable: Olive, salad— Gallons. Gallons. Gallons. Gallons. Le a 864, 7 891, 769 726,771 227,617 eee ere eo 3,293,220 | 4,700,412] 2,882,535 200, 403 Other countries. .... 718, 607 1, 632, 250 3,923 , 843 2, 109, 492 np ot a 2 4,876,623 | 7,224,431 | 7,533,149 | 2,537,512 | Soya-bean oil— Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. PUG v2 os cdease esa 9, 253,941 | 70,384,049 86, 830, 583 United Kingdom... . 4,617,154 187,740, 2 310,180). 2-22 cece sss Other countries. .... 5,036,211 | 27,547,924 249, 994, 063 POUR UN Gio dewcewees 18,907,306 | 98,119,695 336,824,646 |100.0 |100.0 (100. 0 Opium: _iaeel Turkey (Asiatic and erent) Uecaxcalss 380, 536 27.888 | 6. GOD |... cececees United gdom...... 68, 587 G2;606)|* \fo 65,366 |<...5...25... Other countries. ...... 39, 387 56,410) ~ = 20,857 |-. c.. 2. tec es Total... .ccccenes 488, 510 146, 658 664 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TaBLP 255.—Origin of principal. farm products imported into the United States, 1910-1918—Continued. Quantity. | Per cent of total. Year ending June 39— Article and country of origin Average 19:8 1910-1914. 1916 1917 (prel.). VEGETABLE MATTER— continued. Seeds: Flaxseed or linseed— Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels Argentina. .....-...% 1,974,021 | 11,468,039 5, 009, 441 , 253, 501 Pele. + 2c 2: 2-5-5 TARTS |. 2. se esesees- |: 2c Sees als 4: eee British India......-.. 836; S66 oF. RS. 122506); J esate oe Canada. .': s+ 3t1.8.2 4,110, 370 3, 094, 735 7,014, 573 5, 501, 391 United Kingdom.... 178, 859 Lh eee) rere ere Ss Other countries. .... 11, 323 116, 456 247, 378 432,717 Eig ees ee ee 7,258,212 | 14,679,233 | 12,393,988 | 13,187,609 Grass seed— Clover: Pounds Pounds Pounds. Pounds. Canasta css 260-2 5,128,518 | 1,620,609 5, 654, 366 4, 697, 881 58.9 BRUNCOvsescte uses 7,979,405 | 26,964,867 | 10,047,945 1,317, 004 16.5 Germany sos... 4 6, 556, 388 44,000. |: oo. ccccctese eee eee Tiaiyoen US Rw 2,297,896 | 10,300,153 660 1, 285, 064 ne, 2 Other countries. . . 3, 699, 993 2, 910, 132 2,469,188 ” 678, 146 8.5 GHA S26 25,662,200 | 41,839,761 18,172,159 7, 978, 095 Sugar, raw cane oy ict Datiat=i0s.3. a 23.8 3,856,447,356 |5,150,851,544 |4,669,097,398 |4,560,749,643 lic Dutch East Indies. . Philippine Islands. . South Ameriea...... Other countries Tea: Japan United Kingdom.. Other countries Turkey ( Asiatic)... Turkey (European). Other countries a ee wee ew wee 10, 302, 955 179, 217, 222 232, 340, 306 39,733, 149 23, 016, 602 107, a > 217, 190, $05 118. 659. 613 37, 034, 733 ee EE Geo 4,341,057,590 2,787,373 22, 932, 930 10, 500, 188 46, 245, 473 11, 620, 183 1, 040, 002 95,126, 149 25,147, 491 1, 410, 469 11, 564, 036 8, 110, 601 2, 147, 388 48, 379, 985 5,631,272,766 2, 600, 705 20, 422, 700 14, 855, 825 52, 359, 526 19, 066, 241 560, 938 109, 865, 935 4, 963, 761 106, 547 -_ _ Sanz, 114, 367,301 | 14,395,335 1 S13 |... Sisondes 267, 891, 954 | 173, 600, 941 158,107,460 | 75,980,455 120,101,434 | 73.550, 651 5,329,587,360 |4,898, 277,025 3,160,459 | 1,914, 169 19,810,428 | 21,082, 866 18) 180;014:|; .-Seeseeecse 52418 963 | 52,996. 471 13, 857,721 487, 063 977,325 | 74,834, 363 103, 364,410 | 151,314, 932 2, 426, 322 353,172 1,515, 614 4,162,172 3,941,936 | 4,515,344 23,417,539 | 20,366,787 Laat). | tne 18, 400'|. ..scaxbaut in A SG ee 18, 976,774 42, 943 , 027 18. 748.371 | 54,485,432 42,194,411 Imports and Exports of Agricultural Products. 665 TaBie 255.—Origin of principal farm products imported into the United States, 1910-1918—Continued. Quantity. Per cent of total. Year ending June 30— Article and country of origin, ies Average, 1918 1917 |,.1918 ; 1910-1914. (prel.). (prel.). FOREST PRODUCTS. India rubber, crude: Pounds. Pounds. Pownds. Pounds. Belgium. ....2..------ ee a A ee eee ee Bonn peeibees) ais oe ae Cee eee Fart sok 5. 40,290,919 | 54,968,227 | 56,818,966 | 41,277,914 17.0| 10.6 Central American States and Britisn 1,142,524} 1,313,454 | 1,347,93 736,014 4 os 8, 447,379 | 125,532,067 | 181) 431, 8 311, 909, 581 54.4] 80.1 3,320, 383 509, 675 61 6,772 508, O17 oa a LESS CS 8) Se ES, Ln pies ee ene eae le 1 ed er) ee 5, 848,310 3, 261, 507 1, 488, 636 1, 033, 087 -4 Pr 1, 325, 719 2,773,656 3. 719, 703 538, 07' 1.1 oe Kingdom... - 28, 736, 758 72; 459, 408 73, 742,217 | 21,926,945 23.6 5.6 Sine countries......-. a: 095, 621 6, 957, 563 9, 207, 708 11, 669,381 2.9 3.0 (of 105,736, 243 | 267,775,557 | 233,373,711 | 389,599,015 00.0 | 100.0 Cabinet woods, ma- | hogany— M feet. M feet. M feet. M feet. British Africa....... 6,197 6, 888 13,345 7,667 | 11.5 |17.3| 31.2] 14.8 Central American States and British ee ES ese aoe 14, 237 10, 450 12,701 27,098 | 26.5 | 26.2 | 29.7 52.4 iE Sr 11, 204 8, 453 8, 229 11,230 | 20.9 | 21.2 | 19.2 21.7 United Kingdom.... 15, 050 7, 248 1,360 78 | 28.0) 18.2] 3.2 -2 Other countries. -.... 6,996 6,816 7,145 5,608 | 13.1 | 17.1 | 16.7 10.9 Cl ae ei 53,684 39, 855 42,780 51,681 i100. 0 {100.0 |100.0 | 100.0 planks, deals, et other ‘sawed | | lumber— . on fe 937, 069 1,180,018 a 0 ee ee 96.5 | 96.8 | 98.3 |....... Other countries... 33,955 38, 398 AT] le an / Rol Oat) UPp esas Penson ce stac as 971,024 1, 218, 416 1,175,319 1, 282, 747 /100. 100.0 1100. 0'1-.. - Wood pulp: Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. TTA eo ournn Soop 489, 267,109 | 790,997, 760 987,524,160 | 46.3 | 69.6 : 87.5 MPONIBUY . an 783,000 | 36.8 28,851,000} 90.0 25, 977, 000 ‘otatoes: iy ete SRR ait bp a A SPS 4, 210, 000 95.0 400, 106, 000 119.5 478, 136, 000 ONY Bogs oh Se PIS 2 09)) Oe 252s ohh date 4,384,000 | 100.8] 442,108,000} 122.8] 542,774,000 Average 1912-1916.../........-..-.-200+- 3,678,000 | 98.4] 361,753,000} 70.8} 256,248,000 Sweet potatoes: rah ee wo dallas SS SS be oclcm enue 922, 000 93.6 86,334,000 | 135.4 116, 867, 000 My Wik Sok eee <4 2 E38 Ral wea cnn ns 919,000} 91.2 83, 822,000 | 110.8 92; 916, 000 Average BATE-GG1G | 6G dee cabs Shon ncn 663,000 | 95.8 63,541,000} 72.9 46, 313, 000 y, tame: SE Pe ee a 55,971,000} 1.36] 76,089,000 | $20.04 | 1,524,307, 000 11 ae eS ee eee eee 55, 203, 000 1.51 83, 308, 000 | $17.09 | 1,423,766, 000 Average 1912-1916...............-.....-.! 50,892,000 1.51 76, 798,000 | $11.38 873, 883, 000 668 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TABLE 256.—Crop summary 1918, 1917, and average 1912-1916—Continued. Production. Farm value Dee. 1. Crop. Acreage. ‘ m er er ance Total. ani Total. Hay, wild Cents. Dollars. CE eS at OR eee pee aegry hae a ete 15, 283, 000 .94 14, 374, 000 | $15. 25 219, 185, 000 1 Ne OE DEL a Rm Re I oe: 16, 212, 000 .93 15, 131,000 | $13.49 | 204, 086; 000 Average 1919-1016. 2. 2228 22-bit 16, 790, 000 1.11 18,573,000 | $7.91 146, 940, 000 All hay: isn apie an kage hina in Be aio 71,254,000 1.27 90,443,000 | 19.28 | 1,743, 492,000 13 feelin yee 71, 415,000 1.38 98,439,000 | 16.54 | 1,627,852,000 - a 1912-1916 -| 67,682,000 1.41 95,371,000 | 10.70 | 1,020, 823,000 obacco LONG. oe Sin ce onc newest ae asa seer 1,549,000 | 865.1 | 1,340,019,000-} 27.9 374, 318, 000 Vere pode pa aU iia calla Risers 1,518,000 | 823.1 | 1, 249,276,000] 24.0] 300,449,000 ps Average 1912-1906. <.. - 22220 ssc eee vee 1,290,000 | 801.2 | 1,033, 357,000 11.5 118, 782, 000 otton: IGE. Sis as sone een teen et aren seas 35, 890,000 | 155.9 11, 700, 000 27.6 | 1,616, 207,000 ISI7 . 54.5555 RE Ses ob SO eee 2 33, 841,000 | 159.7 11, 302,375 27.7 | 1,566, 198, 000 Average 1912-1916. .........-..-----+---- 34,920,000 | 182.6 13, 327,317 12.0 796, 511, 000 Cotton see ft ea Bes 2 5,350,000 | $65.01 347, 804,000 1A be napa permed al aa 5,040,000 | $68. 84 346, 954, 000 Average 1912-1916... 5,940,000 | $28. 33 168, 261,000 clover seed: IGIR Tonks Ser oh ec. Sawada ees 722,000 1.5 1,102,000 | $19.77 21,786,000 1917.=) 0b. Wee ee eee $21,000 1.8 1,488,000 | $12.84 19, 107, 000 Sugar beets: Lb I "Se Se eee EE 594, 010 9.92 , 889, 840 | $10.00 58, 905, 000 AGUA wv. Cob t Silo ace tae, 2 hae 664, 797 9.00 5,980,377 | $7.39 44, 192, 000 Average 1912-19165. 22: cts weasels 579,063 | 10.30 5,972,000 | $5.76 34, 378, 000 Beet sugar: 1918. ... 594,010 | 2,576 | 1,530,126, 000 |... ...._}2 22. Se “ ity ieee en Sea, eee BY 5,619,000} 11.8 66,396,000] 150.4 99, 848, 000 FONT ot WEEE ete « 9b won Fens oe 5,153,000} 11.9 61,409,000 | 161.9 99, 433, 000 Broom corn (5 States): Spe OS SR, ey fel See os | 333, 000 174 58,000 |$234. 45 13, 598, 000 OEP COMPP BL re 240 Ste Be Fo 345, 000 . 166 57,400 |$292.75 16, 804, 000 Onions (14 States): TT OE ROT A ey Be eae 35,830 | 375.1 13,438,200 | 121.1 16, 268, 000 UY ee a ee ee yee peer 5s 39,500 | 311.6 12, 308,900 | 167.0 20, 554, 000 Cabbage (9 States): AOS ws diac dan 3 cin die aw o's. sdecln fas a 61,700 9.2 5A5, 200 | $26, 22 4, 818, 000... Ch ey Jee ey Pe ys 58, 950 8.1 475, 300 | $33, 80 16, 065, 000 Hops (4 States): TGAS<.. «2 dais Vana n » 5 0A0d 5 ME Ga dee nee 27,900 | 723.8 20,193,000 |. 19.6 3, 958, 000 Ut See epee eee: | SR a 29,900 | 982.9 29, 388, 000 33.3 9, 795, 000 Cranberries (3 States): IQIS od oo odin Zo da nd I ee ak 27,200 12.9 350,100 | $10, 84 3, 794, 000 Pee Pee Pl eee ee I 18, 200 13.7 249, 000 | $10. 24 2, 550, 000 Apples, total: WOUB 3 is oo cisducd ten addde dt ceda Sik a dnd Aida IIE w a Stole Lob fet aeieaeblick write , 630, ( $3. 65 82, 600, 000 1 Trees tapped. 2 Per tree, § May 15. Miscellaneous Agricultural Statistics 669 Taste 256.—Crop summary 1918, 1917, and average 1912-1916—Continued. Production. Farm value Dec. 1. Crop. Acreage. i er er acre, Total. unit. Total Peaches: Cents Dollars Ll ee pee BUR, S70 (Nt em ee Meee 39,149,000 | 165.6 64, 831, 000 eile AS Se 55 Oe I Ae e ae Temas 45,066,000 | 135.9 61, 245, 000 s ee CB -TOMG EO: EI e TLL don. w cba = index numbers), Value. ' (ON © > i i Sie 10a | 2... SIR R Roll. Gabadbice. otvat} at... OG. 3) a a sae BBD, JOT IRE | 5% non coy =~ IIMA Ciba G lla 26. 4labech ones NOD Roars acc ox ssecceacessees 3 961,000,000 | $2, 519,000,000 | "63. 6 | $1, 442,000,000 |" "36.4 : 4° 339,000,000 | 2° 760,000,000] 63.6 17579,000,000] 36.4 4,717,069, 973 | 2'998;704,412| 63.6 | 1,718,000,000| 36.4 5,010,000,000 | 3,192,000,000} 63.7] 1,818,000,000} 36.3 5, 302,000,000 | 3°385,000,000 | 63.8] 1°917,000;000 36.2 5, 887,000, 3,772,000, er 116,000; 000 35.9 6, 122; 000,000 | 3;982)000,000} 65.0 | 2) 140,000; 000 35.0 6, 274,000,000 | 4,013,000,000] 64.0] 2,261, 000, 000 36.0 6, 764,000,000 | 47263/000,000} 63.0] 2'5017000;000 37.0 7, 488; 000,000 | 4'761/000;000| 63.6 | 27727000; 000 36.4 7, 891,000,000 | 5,098,000,000 | 64.6 | 2° 7927000; 000 35.4 8; 558, 161,223 | 5, 487,161,223 | 64.1] 8,071,000,000 35.9 9, 037,000,000 | 5,486,000,000} 60.7] 3,551,000, 000 39.3 8,819, 000,000 | 5,562,000,000]} 63.1] 3257/0007 000 36.9 9, 343; 000,000 | 5,842,000,000 | 62.5 | 3; 501, 000; 000 37.5 9; 850,000,000 | 67 133,000,000} 62.3] 3,717,000,000| 37.7 9, 895,000,000 | 6,112'000,000} 61.8] 3,783; 000; 000 38.2 10, 775,000,000 } 6,907,000,000] 64.1] 3,868,000, 000 35.9 13,406, 000,000 | 97054/000,000| 67.5 | 4352/000;000] 32.5 19, 331,000; 000 | 13/479,000,000| 69.7] 5, 852). 000; 000 30.3 | 21,386, 000, 000 | 14,222,000,000 | 66.5] 7,164,000,000 | 33.5 WORLD PRODUCTION AND EXPORT TRADE. Taste 260.—Production and export trade of the world in important crops, average, 1909-1913, in millions, 000,000 omitted. (Substantially the total production and exports for the world. However, China’s probably large cotton | Sahar also some minor items of production and exports for other countries, are omitted owing to ack of trustworthy information. One short ton=2,000 pounds. ] Production. Exports. Crop. . United Worl United States orld | States World. produc- World. a _ crop ex- tion. P * | ported Per cent. Per cent, | Per cent. | Per cent PMB a Gwe sti. eitoec esse bushels. . 3,726 18 745 20 15 BMT chaning kines comets go vw'kan doz.? 3, 807 71 271 7 2 DUN oiBa ato pS 2 alcvadow tom's wid oe doves: 4, 324 26 1234 15 1} is iy BA aoe st ee do.. 1, 468 12 1 300 120 14 PRPS ee HE bo 28S. Se GO.i3 1, 788 2 1108 16 12 ERUOOS as an eed see. sd do... 5,471 6 1 75 1) 10.5 DOV ea ee oC pounds. . 2, 712 37 929 34 38 Ue eae St eee ---0....| 110,780 0.6 12,721 ll 2 070) 01 Gea a a ae 500-pound bales... 21.1 62 14.0 66 69 CT CS e A a: eee short tons... 187 5 7.5 40 4 1 Three-year average, 1911-1913, _ 672 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. FOREIGN TRADE IN FOODSTUFFS. TasBLe 261.— Values of exports and imports of foodstuffs, in millions of dollars, 1912- ; 1918. 1917 1916 Exports of foodstu‘ds: In crude condition, and food animals. ..-.. Partly or wholly manufactured........... Total... foxicp asec! ese oc ae 5 1,316 | 1,069 Imports of foodstuffs: ~ In crude condition, and food animals. .... 386 260 Partly or wholly manufactured..........- 351 339 Toba. Mai has ot esac. RLU 737 599 Net @£P0rts -'6..208sS05, Ss sbc etme aes 579 470 CORN. TABLE 262.— White, yellow, and mixed corn; percentage of each in crops of 1917 and 1918. White. Yellow. Mixed. Bushels, 1918 (000 omitted). State. ee F 1918 | 1917 | 1918 | 1917 | 1918 | 1917 | White. Mixed. Pict. | Pct. | Pict Picts ||P. che) Bact. MING 2 SiS sec sk co Wce bate Pemaesinte 25 0 75} 100 0 0 304 0 New Hampshire. ........-----.----- 0 10 | 100 86 0 4 0 0 Vermont.......-- 6 87 75 7 0 102 120 Massachusetts. ..-.....--- = we SS 10 60 83 27 7 270 562 Rhode Island......-.--.-----++-=-- 86 WO ibe 20, 20 + 10 492 23 CGNNCCHCUS ctr eeasttke «com ctle aw epi 17 21 63 69 20 1 476 560 Mahe Stell. seass< o alle od ew ang fot 23| 25] 65| 59] 12] 16] 6,790 3, 542 New Jersey. «<== --2-6-t5.---s0-F-5 13 15 56 47 31 38 1, 487 3, 546 Pennsylvania..<. 20. .505--~-25.-4 20 20 60 62 20 18 480 12, 480 Delaware: ... een Uaen ane eee vied 90 5 INGbrtisks 6 citi. Puch tration ware Sabena 75 89 “ PIRES ee oe soa n ae eee we 81 93 9 Wentncky.... 22h. 52.2 SoS. Ss ee 63 90 14 FPOMNICRSOD 5 Sse Fs seo oe I 79 92 19 Alp bani. .i285 3 fa05 2s Rasa eS 90 88 14 MEIsipnl 22... so05 $262 font ee 91 86 12 MMIMIGTIN 28 8G oad ocho ees Sess ae eee 87 87 4 Ee Ce 8 4: ee 2 oe See eee en 88 91 cg ORahomih. 3. Se 5 ks ec doa hot n ane ao-boeeos 89 86 9 IAPRATIROES oA ete ae echo tab eae eee 89 88 14 0 es 2G 2 en ei Rene ee 80 90 11.4 ca MONTHLY MARKETINGS. TaBLEe 265.—Corn: Monthly marketings by farmers, 1913-1918. Estimated amount sold monthly by farmers of United States (millions of Per cent of year’s sales. bushels). Month. 1917-18 | 1916-17 | 1915-16 | 1914-15 | 1913-14 | 1917-18 | 1916-17 | 1915-16 | 1914-15 | 1913-14 ANUS sate. oe ae shin acid 5.3 6.2 5.6 3.9 5.8 PESTS 2 en Se oe ote, 4.0 han 5.9 ren! 3.3 September.......... 3.4 5.9 6.4 4.7 4.5 OT eee oe Ae 3.8 5.3 6.0 4.7 7.9 November. .....-..-- 8.8 14.0 10.4 14.7 17.8 December........... 2.2 12.5 15.9 16.8 21.4 RRR oat aon ss ae 4.2 15.1 11.7 a 8 10.7 ROMIUATY: oc w ences 6.1 9.0 12.4 -8 7A OT RS op pe 3.7 7.0 7.1 4.6 6.3 Bg | ee 5 a Rai ye 5.4 6.4 5.6 4.4 ft pe lpia nel 5.6 6.5 6.3 4. . 6.2 1 EEE NEE 5.8 6.0 5.9 5. 4.6 Season 100.0 . 0 00.0} 100.0 100.0 ' La Any Miscellaneous Agricultural Statistics. 675 32 We os HOW THE CORN CROP IS HARVESTED. The corn si the most important and widely grown crop of the United States, but the method of harvesting it ers in different parts of the country. In 1913 the county reporters of the Bureau of Crop tes were asked to estimate, on schedules provided, what percentage of the crop of their county is harvested or handled in the manner indicated in the table below. The replies, averaged by States, may be regarded as representing broadly the practice in each State; some, although no important, change has probably occurred since this information was gathered. ‘Tasie 266.—Percentages of corn crop harvested by the different methods, by States. P t of elie et : er cent o st left Percentage of matured ; 3 corn area ‘ ey standing, be cut— grain gathered by percentage 2 stalks— be o — 6 State. P; 5 f-| Su ls F 2 z = 3 |gald & a a | 4 |2 2 133/88 2 |/6s 5 S los| wo Idd Ad | 8 ep s S = = |28 |¢| 8 |Se|ssissa gsieio|& > Sel eS (Selas ea ra ca) ot 2 2 8 | 3 |+ |i. -HiSe1S3/8/B 12/8 S| @ ie |S |B ipsiesra tea ls ere So/6 la [a lo jot|jazajo /ala}a& is p.c.\P CNET Ip e.|P. ¢.|P.c.|P. ¢.|P.c.|P.¢. lp c IP. | cat (den, oO i he 25: |15.)-.50. | | OD eleaes se fees Hope eetak ot 00 New Hampshire... ........-.....------- 65.| 6] 29|..... ob ye ease 50 |..--. 50 | 3.0 oo aaa 7a ee es Tid fu05 | ih heap re ee 3.0 Git) a ee ar eee BS | LOs)) doe" 0) 69. teers Flee | 15 y at OTs eae TCE 0 a 7 eee ed Ree kc Mey A ae Ried Ses Pee eae 3.0 HOMIE Ls or. be rece ceeds os 55 aly Med) 6 EO sob | ck = 1g) Se 100.) Ps. 3.2 edo DE le ee er oe 49 Cid pe On Ty ie aa aie 777} x00 422227] 4.0 LL ioe ia oe Ci al (eT Nie (a9 ei | ee 9 ee 52] 48 |-..-. cee eee ELD Se 20} 5| 75) 2) so] 14) 1{ 3}....2 61| 39] 2.4 Un G10! SS SS Seen fies Cg ee 2 ak) ee Ct See Eee 1 (11h ee farsa os Sia | 1.0 LOU 2a Ee ee es ees | 71 7] 86] 29] 52) 9) 2] 8) 25| 45) 30] LS pee a a. eS Sy. Sos te Le dS leet MaSbulit Uley O86) BT ben? Pockl 12 53h. S74. 1-5 WMesrVetBINIG 3) yicr28 coed 2 as Weds 7{ 4/1 89] 5) 841 5) 11 5] 21] 56) 23] 2.0 Pe MMIUNO a2 25 2-228 3 eee ss 22 2 BAB) BO BB oT). 0} dfen., 13| 12} 75| 1.3 Honioeardhin 2923.0 220 sco2i dha lece vac leSarleleled 44h reiberituleses = | 29] 20) 51) 1.0 PRE one ao eB enna 2 Oe Soe TAO taut, oS | bade te 19|.26} 55] 1.4 Mpeidaper rene, 55 otis =. ealzy2-h3 2)..6| 92| 90). 2) 2) 1] 5) 16] 40] 44)°1.3 eee hide ae £5 ect sue 3 3 tes 0-6 bs AO\ Wirt irc] SBul Ott gels AS Ibe: Suh keti tls} OS. b 20D 45S Ra. dmeater sts 162 23ic.3 ye zest 30 be dd] Tobe 3B) 1 45. LI Sls 05 68 | 25] 2.6 Mena e te i s08ecbas acs. . ii s2 eee: 9 |.:10,}81,) 55 }.28)) IL 3]. 3}. 14|.56| 30) 3.2 JIS a i | 281/13 |-59}. 2] 66] 24] 3] 5] 3} 66] 31! 3.0 CUP Se Se eee nee |; 36] 18] 46 8} 50] 30 1 fete Sel Ppa 65] 35) 2.9 Lad Gon Go eee ree | 11] 20| 69] 35) 327 15| -6| 12 7] 65] 28] 2.5 espa eo eas 0) Ieee oS T2-4 lo6 | 10] 84). 70) 10). 8]. 2}-10) 5) 79) 16) 2.9 LLL je ie alas eee 10] 22) 68] 36] 40] 9] 4] 11] 16] 61) 23) 2.9 Mien RKO Rss oR ea SS > fete ss 2 2 | 10| 50] 40] 19] 17] 39 ra ai 1} 94 5} 2.5 SruthsDakota.........-.-.---22c------- | 6] 10] 84] 47] 32] 13; 4]. 4] 1] 56] 43] 20 1 ee eee ae | 4] 13) s4 44) joy 13] 3] ‘21 4; 63] 33) 2.0 Kansas 14 46] 31 Sof Sh ID TO 832 6 29.| 58 | 9) 3). 11.11) 65) 34) 2.0 5 Mi ie) wipes 1] 20| 40] 40} 1.8 2 92} 4{ 2] 1] 1] 16] 44] 40] 1.4 3 96| 1 1 1 Th Sh ts Sth ae ce 2 oF |= I 1 hy ph aes 25} 45| 30) 2.0 5 Oe eh Nae abe 1}. 13) :45] 424°°2.6 6 651 10010] Or OOF POL 261 7.6 5 Si Sepeor(, iro 7| 52) 21] 1.5 Pde Rae sal Maal Saas BE Eee 100: | 222: | 2.5 Ca her bee OG hake dl a) Se 95| 5] 3.0 CSA a Ste ee ee 19 | 2.5 BL] at OS ee 1] 8] 14] 3.0 101. Ibe SAY oe one 40 | 30] 30}....: a OS. Ca iece ae eee yo betes rate sazetlik.cH-bea! yy ee ae as ee eae 4 Me 2B) cB leo’ 5}. 65 | 30]... 28] 16] 36) 19] 1] 28) 28] 44)..... ADs brn ter Mdody AR Bh tee 20} 80]..... BA SSiiar Sa. 2 eivend Bk S6ils Abb a~es 676 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. USES MADE OF CORN CROP. [Note.—The following article is copied from the Crop Reporter of January, 1913, because many inquiries are being made as to the uses made of the corn crop. Although the estimates were made about six years ago, the proportions have not changed materially since then. The average yearly production of corn in the past five years was 2,764,000,000 bushels, which is but slightly larger t the figure to which the percentages are applied in the article below. The average exports in the past five years are the same as given in the article.) The corn crop is by far the most valuable single crop grown in the United States. It is distinctly an American crop, about 75 per cent of the ‘‘world’’ yearly production of approximately three and a half billion bushels being grown in the United States. hat bemminied of this vast quantity of cornis uently asked. Answers to inquiries sent to crop correspondents of the Bureau of Crop Estimates of the United States Department of Agriculture permit some interesting deductions to be made upon this subject. The average annual production of corn in the United States in the last few years (not including the bumper crop of 1912) Was about 2,700,000,000 bushels. Of this it is estimated that about 26 per cent, or 702,000,000 bushels, were marketed, 8 per cent (216,000,000 coy remaining in the near-by towns, 11 per cent (297,000,000 bushels) going to distant towns or for export, and 7 per cent (189,000,000 bushels) going to distant farms. TABLE 267.—Estimated disposition of the corn crop as used in towns. Use Bushels. Based iu flour.and grist mills, (census)... -- 2... ace. <6 ae so oe gam= oe kee eee 245, 000, 000 Used in the manufacture of glucose and starch.....-...-....-.-2.-.-.-2-se0ces--- 40, 000, 000 Used in manufacture. of.distilled liquors; 1910:......2. 5. 6. = 622.25. 5 5 .keeee eee 21, 000, 000 Used.in manufacture of malt liquors. .....--.------------------------------------ 14, 000, 000 Waedfor feed i-toWis.s 2252 os 3 50a 3 5 Eee cece pies eae eee eae 120, 000, 000 Exported: . 20.2.0 2.c0 bso 2 cn chee Siac ode cee Mes ete wep Some 0 eas eee 45, 000, 000 Balance Indefinite. «.. «4-225... = 2ds 5 sd eie ac ance sk eee hes 5 ee ee 28, 000, 000 Potal. | 2. -< 2. ...0% 22! 0... bd. cesath his Sede as age ee 513, 000, 000 Of the quantity exported, less than 2,000,000 bushels were in the form of meal. Of the 245,000,000 bushels used in flour and grist mills, a portion returns to the farm for consumption. This Se, may be estimated at about 125,000,000 bushels. If we include this quantity, 125,000,000 bushels, with the farm consumption, the total farm consumption would be about 2,312,000,000 bushels, or 85.6 per cent of the total crop. Of the total “‘farm’’ consumption, it is estimated that horses and mules consumed 31.5 per cent, swine 31.3 per cent, cattle other than milch cows 11 per cent, milch cows 10 per cent, poultry 4.2 per cent, human ea 4 per cent, sheep 2.6 per cent, seed 1 per cent, balance (for other or doubtful purposes) 4.4 per . Applying these Pencenaiers to the 2,312,000,000 bushels, the estimated total farm consumption of recent years gives the following totals and percentages of the entire crop: TABLE 268.—Estimated disposition of the corn crop as used on farms. Horeegand Mules... s. 1.000 conc gscssopnccenseqentnecsdp pss sn <\ tenes cee eee 728, 000, 000 27.0 WIND rows Jane ccd ca ccc oes ecb denen e pcewn ce ewaed do45 nese ae eee nenn a 724, 000, 000 26.8 . Cattle (other than Milch)....... .. «sen eccecesceetnasvaseer-semnsssssnuseane mee 254, 000, 000 9.4 Milehi COWS. « - < -- sue od cca se acecas cueccupedeseeessanncets ccceue pee e Seen eaneane 231, 000, 000 8.6 POUUEG s osx scan a ccane a seapewtuusnibdgin ae enews eke eae eee ee eee ne 97, 000, 000 3.6 SUAATA DUIS © bean a cir a alonbemme sd ap cts fos bana’ aS samen sp ote anasto ake eee 92, 000, 000 3.4 BHCOD. oon songs csc cess cucsemecescags cote sh eksnuccs dencPennsumse as tat aWa ee eee 60, 000, 000 2.2 BOO so, cana nae pedsaapgdaWustends Sosubscasls kioat oe seinen 23, 000, 000 8 Other, Or Gombthil . . .o. ...s0> oes eens sue sey ewes aganshp shaded ink eon eee 103, 000, 000 3.8 DORA ios Fe non oy oan thewescdp cosh uns kapdesd aegmaee ak mae en ae 2, 312, 000, 000 The proportion of the crop utilized for different purposes varies from year to year, according to the size ofthe crop. For instance, when the crop is large a relatively larger proportion is consumed by meat-pro- ducing animals, the proportion used by swine increasing more than that used by horses because the number of horses is more uniform from year to year than the number of swine. The estimated production in 1912 is large, 3,124,000,000 bushels—424,000,000 bushels more than the 2,700,000,000 to which the Paroentages above are applied. Hence, of this year’s crop a larger percentage than given above will probably be con- sumed by meat-producing animals. Miscellaneous Agricultural Statistics. 677 SILOS IN THE UNITED STATES. About 400,000 silos are believed to be in the United States, with a total capacity of about 31,000,000 tons, an average of nearly 78 tons per silo. About 10 tons of silage can be obtained from one acre. No census has ever m made of the number of silos, therefore the crop reporters of the Bureau of Loo 3 Estimates have made estimates for their respective localities. Silos are on about 6 per cent of the farms of the United States; they are most numerous in the dairy sections of the Northand East. Their number is increasing rapidly. Ohio assessors’ returns indicate 11,380 silos in that State in 1913, 15,068 in 1914, and about 19,632 in 1915. Indiana assessors’ reports indicate 20,306 in March, 1915, and 25,631 in 1916. It is reasonable to believe that the number of silos is increasing in the United States at a rate of 10 per cent or more a year. TABLE. 269.—Estimated number and capacity of silos in important States. Number | Average Total State. of silos. | capacity.| capacity. Tons. Tons. PENNE 9 ie adn is elle ae ania ninnin a einne nose men enn vcc 55, 000 75 | 4,125,000 IPGRESU RU EN Pray o xtoactginwrs ncn aii em ein tb inen we kmes - oer meeeseenseus om 24, 000 65 1, 560, 000 DL a. oy BEES DOES EES SEE ee een aoe mae Semen eee 25, 000 67 | 1,675,000 eee eee ar teens Sas, SUNS erin tacts vee oe 27, 000 70 | 1,990,000 Tilinois. ..---- ae sc AL SNe Ee Eg a Ges EERIE IR 15, At REY OLE Se 30, 000 79 2,370, 000 eee Nadal et a ati iy a at a ae oe Ger 33, 000 70 | 2,310, 000 MARODAIte ae2 = hee abe. Sy lssalaeecd seer wecee eta capaesunens ase 55, 000 87 | 4,785,000 FEED Sein ee RARE ISR PCe GEIS OICOOS Ea ae SS er Sor io 15, 000 95 1, 425, 000 LOCC aie a ghar Bes MEE Sl i aS ie NS ee Caer oer 16, 000 105 1, 680, 000 EET eee oe ene eas 0s Sees tara ce nice s Saisie ares he a eae 13, 000 90 1, 170, 000 ere menne nee) TALI RIES Leet teow sl Oeaden denn sne 11, 000 106 | 1, 166,000 SEEnnE Nes feb fatote ss Pig 2110 9 2005. be sd 2 i eee LS okt 10, 000 80 800, 000 URE ReI en eho fos ais. SO PSone 22 sasan es tals Seo ooo ee 35, 000 67 2, 345, 000 CERT See Sa, Ses fo Se aoe ch acne ced casence sect pacsde ase 55, 000 77 4, 235, 000 CE OOS a Ee oe A eee eee 404, 000 78 | 31,536,000 678 CORN AND HOGS. thly. rices mon Number of bushels of corn purchasable with 100 pounds of hogs, based on p TaBLE 270.—Corn and hog prices compared Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. d= gh ieee fae ADDHADAMON ONAN NOBAOD sit ai eee Ha REM tar pce iS ao Mectete ey et RYSHIVMAATye Boeewascsum _ =e * o A 2 FOMGCANHAAtN ADOAANHOHS OHwMOrowonrn | A Serer ee ec Rar gr MRD TRA |S _ nN mn Nn S| Aggdgsgiddy daiddaeiedgeaeataen ane 4x PODOSNAHDONA ARN HON MOM wWHNDODATON | re S : Sled a - 2 SS QSOQGSaonaorg AAS ssriass BASSHSBHSHHS bas} > S 2 FOTHHAMOHONA MNAOOAROWOHD BNcmiwoaios | 0 » poe S a =“ Ss & SAGSHSHWAA Ssiawoiawta SSSSGKHHSErS =| 4x YFHDHOAM DOWNWIND WH HOMAMONH rOrraoOtTAION | oO Ss aa.) QSAHSSHKOKA ANA HAA HSSHHKSHAS | A - =e ae Se oe oe Boe oe Be oe oe oe oe et cel Ll wey S| S 2 SOOHRMOHHOONM OSCHHMOMONOCH trondranwwno | o ° 5 QSSHESSHHHH GSAS SHNA SHSggXdSrS | A ot re - De oe Oh ee oe Be oe Oe ee oe snl Sel : ax SAANQGHOWEMANM AAOMEMOMtHe AHRMrOMMHMOD | © ws S at eee SV ee Rees Sle ees aes Soe ee Le, Foe ns S°/°SS | Agageddrces Sendtsaned soe ee oe) - a 2 SOAMOMOAHSAMM~ BPRBAADOHSH SAAICOM Aros | 0 n o QSSSHHHKHHH AANSBHAASSAN SSSHBSrrarad|sS Sel ae re asset et -_ ax SIO M OWI Hei SOntt~ OMDAS Dt HHO or~osto ~ ; ; a ae Noks “3 So RQSSSCHOREERERH ABB ANANCOCR HH COOrrraBoOra\|s Sl an ere Se ee Oe oe oe eo fl ob 3 2 BOSASHMOANHO AWHOOWANMOOS wonDmoreaaocs | < a QASSHKOEEKH AdNaHANSCaANH SSSKHHXKHOrW!S Sel re snl ae 5 eh oe ee | re _ = a2 STICOMOMOKHAID DAHDAAGAABON MOAAMHANSRW | +H iS PAS QSisrderrrd dasdsgassaAd ddderrsssw)o Samal =e be ee ee oe oe = Si — 3 2 SOMWDOHNHHAD WAOHAMOHNOS MAMI HOWe HA | re S Qaevserrgédrenrs daidSttiswiad Segddrrard| a tn) Lal ae 5 eh oe ee oe ae fx WWII tonwooW SCAAAM 18 HHH MONMHARAAAM | 0 _ an . AANA C 5 6 i) Rodisdovrnnrd AAA Aco Sra FSS rr core Ss o = Co) Sh latest MIDNRANOODOOHNS THOtnomonrar | oO somal . * . a &Q 09 ‘Saran HAPGIddSaid SIGHOrr wr s Soe] a+ SOM OAAN AWA 0900 69 OOH 09 HOON AH He | smal . . . : = ANBMOAAN ba r=) S| 58 | Sddigecéresg ASnsesenes eee ee — — anaes s an SOON HONKRHAE FBAROOSROOOAN MOON ArHARD | = Boa se ee ew le 6 6 ae am ce eo + Sele annie ein eee ee ~ Are cel S QHPBGKOEEM TH ANSSAANAAIH GAPOOMmm— Ora | © Ca (ey [Rem ea ne eS ae 3x SHTONHODOADHH MADHADNHSOOG NIK KVOHE OMS | oO ; = H ~ saa 319 NOS a are i 4 | SE | Aaddadddarg Yideeeddsy qeemwet tame . i LJ am o SHAHDOHOOINHHOD HHDODOMWHORKR HONMANHAOWIA = Od * er. Aa re - < a QHSBSOrOEE Et AQWO4AOSas SAPO H-- DEW Ss Nee eee eee ee ee eee eee ax JH oontomoo IDA OIDIDO Aer aI corer Oe | rt : =~ ‘ 6 a bl a 6 ae QAddnaovnswrn Mess Saas SAH WW Oo g a od 3 oe SHHOTRAHRDDO MMANGCONNHDM BORANGSHWDON) ~ ~~ . . . . . ~ ol ~ o 2 Q 00 SO CO OI AQWRMANO We PARwWWI~m AWW | © a+ SORELLE AION MNMIAHHOROO Var womosee | eS = ee = Le 2 ca) J Asanonore SCHDHMHMAHM BOMOCHOMABAS | ce -_ . . . . . . . . . ye Ss S FQ WAH 0 0 00 GO AOS S ADAABAHAGS~- OHO Ss ja xg CR OO Es OOSR.CORS ChES CN 00 C2 GD et 20 GO =H G0 GD AM AADN GOOD o -_ . . - = ~ s Ss & $4. 69 4 SCO CO GOE ac} pic heks hotel befor] ASSHww oe a. hye Was pA Md. acne Melb | a BBQ DOAN AAS HOMM ORION AANA MOH ote | a -_ . . - -_ [—} Lael = Horigedsadci ddddddnsdd Sassen mess | 5 State and division. ; | He bd BiiiblpiePriyys Cvs Ce SE ft in Biviiegiil Pile popes iii@ g Dewar elo th Sire ee a giliddgiii iiiiiiig¢g: i: ii @ ajc (Bee ii) iigad dg ‘ng igaigad “89 sOOad: 4 ee a5 is : pb abss ache: E2258 (face ge E BSGRUSEEES SSSAEEESS G5 f ZAa>eazacho ARAbaSazdz Mi 17.5 16.3 BGT epee ee ee 69 lll 94 106 88 12.4 17.9 ik 13. 2 13.4 September.......... 108 104 122 125 94 19.3 16.8 14. 15.5 14.3 Metoker. 2k. scene 101 87 123 100 85 18.0 14.1 14. 12.5 12.8 November.......... 77 60 105 83 64 13.7 9.7 12. 10.3 9.7 Decerther.. 22. 522 43 35 94 60 50 7.6 5.6 ji 7.5 7.6 J EY. ae a 26 45 58 41 44 4.7 7.2 6. 5.1 6.7 ADIGE De Rete 22 20 58 46 32 3.9 33 6. 6.7 4.8 BROIL - 7 a 2¢g Bi o|a|4 si4a|a |@7 et None | ate il as 8 : ee ae a eee | eon € pa Pats |) as atelulelai|2i3i2\|s (2 ~ oO . o a 3) ‘4 R Z A rc) a ia j Northern spring, hard winter, red winter, durum, hard white: Dolls.| Dolis.|Dolls.| Dolls.| Dolls. | Dolls, | Dolls. |Dolls., Dolls, Dolls. 181) hp Se oe eee 2.26 | 2.18 | 2.24 | 2. 28 | 2.214 | 2.224 | 2. ou 2.39 | 2.394 | 2.20 1D. Serene es eee 2,23 | 2.15 | 2.21 | 2.25 | 2.188 | 2.194 | 2.352 | 2.36] 2364] 2.17 _ ar are 2.19 | 2.11 | 217 | 2.21 | 2.144 | 2.158 | 2.319] 2.32] 2324) 214 Dark hard, dark northern spring, amber durum: No. 1 2.28 | 2.20 | 2.26 | 2.30 | 2.234 | 2.243 | 2.402 | 2.41 | 2.414 | 222 Yellow hard, soft w Th a a ae 2,22 | 2.26 | 2.19% | 2.204 | 2.362 | 2.37] 2.374] 2.18 isi) Tk Se es eer 2.19 | 2.23 | 2.164 | 2.174 | 2.33 2.34 | 2.344] 2.15 enemy — Se EE a SPS See 2.15 | 2.19 | 2.124 | 2.13} | 2. 2.28 | 2.304 | 2.12 spring: TON ao 2.19 | 2.23 | 2.164 | 2.174 | 2.332 | 2.34] 2.344 | 2.15 DS Se ae ae ee eS ‘ 2.16 | 2:20 | 2.134 | 2.144 | 2.322 | 2.31] 2.312] 212 ie ASHE 0. fee cm. Send. 2.06 | 2.12 | 2.16 | 2.105 | 2.114 | 2.273 | 2.27] 2275 | 208 Red durum, red Walla: Tis | SACS ERY eT oot ome re 2.19 | 2.11 | 2.17] 2.21 | 2.14% | 2.15% | 2.312 | 2.32 | 2.3 2.13 LT: SLES eae RRS 2.16 | 2.08 | 2.14 | 2.18 | 2.114 | 2.124 | 2.28% | 2.29 | 2.295] 2.10 LS eee eee 2.12 | 2.04 | 2.10 | 2.14 | 2.074 | 2.084 | 2.242 | 2.25 | 2.254 | 2.06 White club: RUCD La fa a ee 2.22 | 2.14 | 2.20 | 2.24 | 2.174 | 2.184 | 2.343 | 2.35 | 2.354] 2.16 Gp el 2 a a See 2.19 | 2.11 | 2.17 | 2.21 | 2.144 | 2.154 | 2.312 | 2.32 | 2.324 2. 13 LO Ee eee eee 2.15 | 2.07 | 2.13 | 2.17 | 2.104 | 2.114 | 2.273 | 2.28 | 2.283 | 2.09 PER CAPITA WHEAT CONSUMPTION IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES. The consumption of wheat has been estimated for various countries, with results as given in the accom- ast bap tabulation. The estimates are based upon the average production for 10 years, exports or imports of wheat (including wheat flour reduced to wheat equivalent), and an allowance made for quantities used forseed. Variousconditions affect the accuracy ofsuch estimates; data ofexports or imports do not exactly coincide with data of crop production; theamount to be deducted forseed can be only roughly approximated, for while data of wheat acreage are regularly published the amount of seed used per acre in the different countries is not definitely ascertainable. The degree of accuracy varies considerably for the different countries; for instance, the estimates for such countries as England, France, and most countries of western Europe are probably within 3 per cent of the truth, whereas for Mexico and Egypt the estimate may be as much as 25 percent wide ofthe mark. The figure given for the United States may be regarded as a mini- mum of probability and may be an underestimate of 2 or 4 percent. Generally, however, it is believed that most of the figures are less than 10 percentinerror. With such qualifications the figures, owing to their wide variations, are ofinterest. TABLE 276.—Per capita consumption of wheat in various countries, past decade (seed excluded and flour reduced to wheat equivalent). Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. Covi A ot Ee ae a ee (eg SLO a 2a ee re ae Uc: eae renee eet 2.7 DS Gi i 7s pees ar Stl ATPEGRRAAS «Sook ck ose och Soe 2 Ores kG ls ts eo eee 2.5 (ono Oe ee ee ee Ci ly oie U7 a (ae apis ea et GO bwenenes. s <2 22iooe. aaa 2.5 Salk Se 6.1 | Austria-Hungary. ........... 4.3.| Egypt........ ocd ha erc ere 2.5 nited Kingdom............ 1G; 0°) NGUBAPIANOR Sb... docen ncdnwcs MOD) PORE ORR ar doccts «dao nie naa ied 1.8 PVILPORIANGIS,. 2. .0tc-.-2-6 GaQr) Rodman’ >. 2u5 6o5 2... 5 4.0 } British Iigdia. ve... ; ceeee 8 Lhe? a a rr Gti DODMATICN. sue te seca seb dunsc Tie | AIO Doda ceeweesas tae oe ca 8 imigeat .t AWN... tds icin Be WCDI O «ia. Sse, ow ws knee o- ote ail PEAT cs wolgwen aus xongibes sae 5 United States......... at Geaay GOrinany!. o.esscisibesuece owe. 2 682 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. WINTER WHEAT. TABLE 277.— Winter wheat: Planted compared with harvested acreage. > Sown in fall of preced- ing year. Harvested. Under Year. Prelim | peviseq | Ultivation ok estimat estimate Ns Acres. Acres 91 558,891. | ecco acuwtla] }acecieie een 94) 294 B58 |... ce -saseone Foy BOO AER wele's cea aa ee 23, 986, 470 24, 764, 551 30, 148,473 | 30, 883, 218 $0, 207 BOLLS Sede , -| 29) 8847000 | 129/301? 000 33,483,000 | 131,656,000 34) 485,000 | 32)648) 000 -| 32} 213,000 | 33,215,000 32) 387,000 | 33,618,000 36, 506,000 | 37,128,000 41) 263000} 42) 881/000 37,256,000 | 39; 203/000 407090000 | 407534) 000 42°170,000 | 42°301;000 49,261,000 |........---+-- 1 Revised on census basis. SPRING WHEAT. TABLE 278.—Spring wheat: Percentage and yield of important varieties, 1914-1917. The following table gives for the principal spring wheat States the estimated percentage which each important variety was of the total crop of the State for years indicated, also the estimated average yield er acre of such variety. The figures are of interest in showing the rapid popularity of Marquis in all the tates named, and its greater yielding qualities than other spring varieties have, except durum. Durum appears to have a slight advantage over Marquis in yield per acre, and is gaining in popularity, although less rapidly than Marquis. Velvet Blue State and year. Marquis.| chaff. stem, | Durum. ife. | Winter. | Other. Minnesota: Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent. iN bh OCR een RD ee eS et | 46.0 26.0 18.0 3.0 i 3.0 1.0 RIED ated mena a0 meee see 30.7 28.9 30.8 2.2 3.3 3 tL) (ip pea Me ars, Seapets ol Nias Seep Firiy| ys Foye yr |b 2, Gee em 1 RS Ae oekude 98.1 eS eee S 3.0 30.0 52.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 North Dakota: BURP olde ce she aek aie tee ee 43.0 10.0 12.0 25.0 1.0 1.0 Lae Ay ae eee = ; 38.3 12.2 14.1 18.5 5 5 UF te Oe Bee ae bo oda wate < atal ii oa wie Rela nesdstaow 14.5 |. ccweuewon|ncaasee 85.5 Tn xs oignnswhaxtesOicee u / 5.0 11.0 45.0 13.0 ecveseeuna 4.0 South Dakota: LON Teak seeiddbesius sta eceees 43.0 20.0 11.0 20.0 3.0 0 MRO Sa owe sea kinks bade see ees 22.5 28.4 22.8 12.0 11.5 2 DOLD sc cndsscin cc tabaat ae cafes craedvubieGaps dakdalsyatareeee pY Sy | BES sanweecene 77.3 i AP rere oor : 3.0 31.0 30.0 21.0 h 1.0 Montana SUR sSunSatasatedeacatsmeens 45.0 1.0 3.0 8.0 40.0 1.0 Minnesota: Bushels, | Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels Bushels.; Bushels. Lh Fas Oe Pe 17.2 16.0 14.0 15.5 20. 14.0 IOAG 7c Souies es Ocal da 11.0 7.4 5.5 8.5 Pas De vecadsen ROG ss catunwne sien dudeieead 12.8 11.6 9.8 12.3 19.5 0 North Dakota: LUA accutane incamiiaeasen 8.0 7.5 em 9.0 f 8.5 6.8 RONG s oa ndvukiaeilsvuadltade | 6.0 5.2 3.8 7.3 4.5 11.9 5.0 IOI sn iip cectdawada bees vied 14.9 12.1 10.3 13.9 10.9 13.7 10.8 South Dakota: LOLT . s cuvnd pede densananwauen 15.3 13.1 11.1 15.6 10.0 TRU Tian sta ced A980 « cnauunnein cds Bede en nee | 7.9 6.2 5.0 8.2 5.0 DS eee eA RE Ta | 11.2 9.3 7.5 11.2 9.3 14.0 ' Montane: IOUT Wess. das scandenun 9.3 7.6 6.5 9.0 7.5 12.5 7.5 Miscellaneous Agricultural Statistics. 683 OATS. TABLE 279.—Oats: Monthly marketings by farmers, 1913-1918. Estimated amount sold monthly by farmers of United States (millions of Per cent of year’s sales. bushels). Month. aS 1917-18 | 1916-17 |1915-16 | 1914-15 | 1913-14 | 1917-18 | 1916-17 1915216] 1914-15 1913-14 CD) Ce anon) yerpeanaes 24 31 23 35 29 4.7 8.3 5.1 10.4 9.9 Dis & 82 87 53 64 57 16.4 23.3 11.8 18.7 18.3 September.......--- 67 51 59 55 44 13.5 13.5 13.0 16.3 13.2 Cr a) ny.) Cl eel aa 56 40 57 40 33 11.1 10.7 1237 11.7 10.5 November. ......... 38 30 48 27 22 hall 8.0 10.6 A) 6.8 December.......--.- 39 21 47 23 24 7.8 5.7 10.5 6.9 7.6 CULE 14 a Spinal Sp 42 28 33 26 18 8.3 7.5 7.4 7.6 5.6 MODLNOLY sa. a.» > 40 20 36 19 21 8.0 5.3 8.0 5.6 6.7 Se cketts deere oor 35 20 23 15 19 (Pat 5.2 5.0 4.4 5.9 SRM See Stare saute ote 33 14 21 13 10 6.5 3.8 4.6 3:7 3.3 Mets Sila cakes Sen's 31 20 17 28 10 18 4.0 4.4 6.3 3.1 5.8 USL Se See Saray 24 16 22 j 13 | 20 4.9 4.3 5.0 3.7 6.4 Season........ p00, 375 | 450 | 340 315 | 100.0 | 100.0 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 RICE. TABLE 280.—Rice: Percentages of the several varieties planted in leading States, 1916-1918. Investigations by the field agents and rice-crop specialist of the Bureau of Crop Estimates indicate the following [phere of the leading varieties of rice compared to the total acreage planted in each of the ing rice States: Honduras. Japan. Blue Rose. State. 1918 1917 1916 1918 1917 1916 1918 1917 1916 Per ct.| Per ct.| Per ct.| Perct.| Per ct.| Per ct.| Per ct. | Perct. | Per ct. MPRA S eee et he o. oS 27 49 52 2 2 8 28 37 39 (es crip ft AS SS SR) ae ee S| Sao 96 94 93 1 3 6 MeIIMIATIES, ck che chs. ee ke = 12 20 30 5 4 18 57 47 51 Lite daa ee 2 ae 7 16 25 4 ll 21 60 51 54 United States......... 12 | 22 | 29 | 13 13 | 5 48 | 43 45 ‘ Louisiana Pearl. Early Prolific. Other. State. DO 1918 1917 1916 1918 1917 1916 1918 1917 | 1916 RR AIESE Mee re eat, | os poe ert wrene 2k RE Pag 15 oan NES epee 128 28 1 SPIRIT oe ne 8 re see ice alias helo aloo owe «oe 2 ap MOE Pere 1 33 1 UL h VENA: Ls ii eae ees 12 Et wed pres 10 ANAS ee, tS eee 1 TUT Tae a ee 14 14 1 11 i ae &4-| ~~ BB. bo ae United States......... 10 | 16 | ae 10 | 3 |....---. 7 | 3 | 1 1 Carolina 27, Edith 1. 3 Ttalian. 6 Edith 2, Carolina 1, Storm proof 1. 2 Storm proof, 4 Carolina 2, Edith 2. 684 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. fe CONSUMPTION OF CEREALS. TABLE 281.—Consumption of specified cereals in selected countries; yearly “average of 1902-1911. BARLEY (INCLUDING MALT CONVERTED TO BARLEY). Average yearly : Average Average rly jnet imports (+) Country. production, or exports (—), PE ede or ve 902-1911. calendar years, ? 1903 1912, 1902-1911. Bushels Bushels. Bushels. Austria-Hungary .......-..--.- 140,698,100 | — 19,646,515 | °121, 051,585 rhe Tire Reet ae eee er Se 4,522,200 | + 14,923,445 19, 445, 645 fy ee a Se ee a 42,197,800] + 4,833,776 47, 031, 576 Gaermianys.>. 2-3 f5-=sceesees 144,776,000 | +107, 873,505 252, 649, 505 Tndia (British). ¢ 2.2.5... 225-2. No data data. No data ee & Pee SSE ee 8, 531, 600 +526, 284 9, 057, 884 Ot ee eee eae oe 80, 927, 400 +327, 732 81, 255, 132 Wetheriands. ....2.-&--.is68s-= 3,725,000 | + 10,525,789 14, 250, 789 United Kingdom.............. 67,404,300 | + 49,777,334 117, 181, 634 Usted Statescsc2 8s eee 154,977,700 | — 8,516,355 146, 461, 345 Corn (INCLUDING CoRN MEAL CONVERTED TO CorRN). Austria-Hungary ..........---- 178, 206, 000 + 9,919, 387 188, 125, 387 49, 846, 940 3.77 BelpiuM.¢ oh: pone: asso St ake se No data +15, 489, 682 15, 489, 682 7, 167, 560 2.16 Wranve jolt. bess apes. 22, 498, 900 +14, 331, 060 . 36, 829, 960 39, 298, 974 94 | St i RA tare) No data. | +34, 966,553 34,966,553 | 61,585, 800 157 India (British). --2- 2222222222 No data No data. No data. | 305,740,192 |.......... 1h (egee dis Bs Seat RS Sa Se 91, 999, 400 + 8,076,924 100, 076, 324 33, 441, 100 2.99 Japan Loree ls ea Sce cee ee 3, 293, 636 No data. 3, 293, 636 49,576, 649 .07 Webberlands ooo o5225c<8a5; 2ett No data +17, 394, 010 17,394, 010 5,699, 030 3.05 United Kingdom.............. No data. +85, 060, 797 85, 060, 797 43, 567, 991 1.95 Uniited Siateses.. 252-22. t 2,610, 162, 500 —66, 350,065 | 2,543, 812, 435 86,511,536 29. 40 OATS. Austria-Hungary............-- 226, 441, 600 + 1,783,398 228, 224, 998 49, 846, 940 4.58 Pelpicnis.s5.-) | ees cc 41,767,200] + 5,153,922 46, 921, 122 7, 167, 560 6.55 Prance | 2. See Ae , 666, +18, 278, 510 305,944,710 | 39, 298, 974 7.79 Gertiatiy ve tess Si ee By 543,084,100 | +16, 766, 997 559,851,097 | — 61,585, 800 9.09 anitin (Britian)... iscle.. Jeeeee No data No data. No data, 305, 740, 192 }.......... elf yt 22, SIS EERE 26, 194, 900 + 5, 253, 706 31, 448, 606 33, 441, 100 < err. so sck lS ERE No data No data. No data 48,703,075 |.......... Netherlands...........2....--- 18,931,800] + 5,050,271 23, 982, 071 5, 699, 030 4.21 United Kingdom.............. 185,497,700 | +54, 871,951 240,369,651 | 43,567,991 5.52 United States................2. 926,202,100 | — 8,388,532 917, 813, 568 ) 86, 511, 536 10.61 Rice (Mostty CLEANED, AND INCLUDING RIcE FLour, RICE MEAL, AND BROKEN RICE). Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Austria-Hungary .............. No data. |-++ 199,620,672 199, 620, 672 49, 846, 940 4.00 POliedvactddes acasatars ees No data. |+ 83,479,728 83, 479, 728 7, 167, 560 11. 65 mperineeae eote ao ha eee 4,307,788 |4+ 347,464, 040 351,771,828 | 39, 298, 974 8.95 ROSEMARIE f'n Goa Cne ei oww' alt wie eee No data. |+ 474,747, 264 474, 747, 264 61, 585, 800 7.71 India (British)................. 72, 459, 834, 612 |—4,317, 112,596 | 68, 142,722,016 | 305,740, 192 222. 88 REAL std Se ave ca hitnocateescen 695,551,200 |— 121, 158, 863 574, 392, 337 33, 441, 100 17.18 tO ee ee en I ey oF 2; 4,743,609, 000 |+ 883,989,834 | 5,627,598, 834 48, 703, 075 115. 55 PCCIOTUMMIS A cus tacdscaperasse No data. |+ 264,373, 207 264, 373, 207 5, 699, 030 46. 39 United Kingdom.............. No data. |+ 599,577,437 599, 577, 437 43, 567,991 13. 76 United States..............0..41 546, 303,400 |4+ 176,058, 271 722,361,671 | 86,511,536 8.35 Rye (INCLUDING RyE FLOUR CONVERTED TO RYE). Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. Austria-Hungary ............. 148, 871, 500 + 1,132,777 150, OO4, 277 49, 846, 940 3.00 BGISHIEN doo seis ana deee da ccs | 22,204,900 | + 2,585, 205 24,790, 105 7, 167, 560 3.46 iat eT ee ES. 51,817,900 | + 1,178,026 52,995,926 | 39, 208, 974 1.35 oo a 401, 209, 700 — 7,054, 607 394, 155, 093 61, 585, 800 6.40 India (British)... 222222022202. No data, No data. No data. | 305,740,192 |.......... SULV CLS: «ce ncachvsnvadhuanes a 4, 496, 800 + 335,585 4, 832, 385 33, 441, 100 F POD nie dou buatunashasteean No data. No data. No data. 48, 703, 075 |....0..-- Ce eae ere 14, 860, 900 +10, 226, 645 25, O87, 545 5, 699, 030 40 United Kingdom ............. 1,920, 400 + 2,137,023 4,057,423 43, 567, 991 -09 URI BRIS 6 ws coc cdaaoacare 31,305,000} — 955, 604 30,349,396 | 86, 511, 536 35 1 Seven-year average, 1905-1911, 2 Four year average, 1908-1911, for production only. Miscellaneous Agricultural Statistics. 685 TaBLeE 281.—Consumption of specified cereals in selected countries; yearly average of 1902-1911—Continued. WHEAT (INCLUDING WHEAT FLOwe CONVERTED TO WHEAT). Average Average yearly Average yearly [net imports (+) Ae Mean yearly | at ly Country. production, | or exports (—), + sities tion, | Population, |F nsump- 1902-1911. | calendar years,| “"Voyo ao11” | 1902-1911. | “Lon per 1903-1912. < on ser 1902-1911. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. Austria-Hungary ............-.- 225,938,400 | + 3,211,466 229, 149, 866 49, 846, 940 4.60 St a ee ae 13,694,900 | + 45,111,355 58, 806, 255 7, 167, 560 8.20 Dy CO ee ee a om 327,510,900 | + 18,467,816 345, 978, 716 39, 298, 974 8.88 ee aS. 2st 139,002,200 | + 69,235,002] 208,237,202 | 61,585, 800 3.33 India (British).................| 305,331,300 | — 447 278,524 261,052,776 | 305,740, 192 185 Ok ee eee ee eee eee 169,121,900 | + 38,531,481 207, 653, 381 33, 441, 100 6. 21 [os i rn ea 20,679,700 | + 4,824, 25,504,085 | 48,703,075 +52 Netherlands............- 24-52 4,836,200 | + 19,607,231 24, 443, 431 5, 699, 030 4.29 United Kingdom.............. 57,797, 200 | +210, 819,395 268,616,595 | 43,567,991 6.17 United States.................- 652,702,300 | —107,141,601| 545,560,699 | 86,511,536 6.31 Norte.—Bushel: Barley, 48; oats, 32; corn and rye, 56; and wheat, 60 pounds. POTATOES. TABLE 282.—Potatoes: Percentage usyally harvested each month, by States. State. April. May. June. July. 2 A an fled (RE RA Pik a Select (aa ae ee 1 9 55 34 1 RIN DAELO coral 5 eh < 4) ogi «ai ecco |oabidarm oe oe 3 10 44 41 2 SRA ERs SS kee sof tte ads |> ap ae nos 2 8 44 45 1 LISTS Th) 1 Ss De Ae ee) Jee ee ee 4 15 40 40 1 IMM ANTE Sooo obs fees eases ce adel sabe ne ene 10 25 40 24 1 fi TE ed SE ee ee 3 10 45 40 2 LPL Ty Tio LDS Re hel (RS area) (cee age Soe Sy a si 5 14 27 51 3 LS Te Se | eae ee eee eee 2 18 36 26 18 Lanencs2: Lyssa rit: See a is Re ge Prope eaemrors We 5 Se peneme ee 8 18 39 32 3 LSS Sr a ee ee ee ee et ee 5 23 24 13 19 16 LL a iS ee ee eee eee 4 17 21 23 25 10 LET Ee ee ee ee ee ee 1 16 21 16 17 21 8 DU i Ce ee ee RES eres 1 7 16 35 37 3 Worth Carolina... |. ..2.5-... 2 28 20 14 13 19 4 South Carolina....... 1 30 40 15 3 2 5 4 6C sa ae 1 16 25 18 10 9 16 4 LO a 38. 33 7 1 A eee A ae 2 ola ts sade cer Bet bee | eee 1 8 17 34 37 3 (ULTRA rae es Se a. DS 1 11 17 27 43 1 ah ie ele Spl Pd EE ia: 9 pac ing Ao 2 10 16 33 35 4 TEL aU SS AE Den Cae eee eee 4 10 22 61 3 LOL CE aa ae | eae DE ND me ool | RE Se 3 6 25 64 1 atriiccote oo. 8. Poss, {hes Be ES ies eS ED 3 10 35 50 2 Lon ove sehen: eee ela Paci caate 1 8 13 | ° 35 | eee ee U5) Se aes eee | 1 3 13 19 35 27 2 Migrie DakOtG.2 25501 2oscane 2 Bae Ee aM eee, 2 1 5 39 ol eet ee LOR 7 i as cao: : 1 5 14 35 43 2 Pe 5 rated ool Snood stom cts Canna | 1 6 10 37 45 1 RL ee Fo SMa cles ae 3 14 18 30 34 1 Lo le tS Seed Nee Sree ae 4 12 20 30 39 4 Tennessee............ a 1 6 17 19 24 27 6 CA aS 1 30 35 20 “ 3 3 1 BHASissippl.....:;-.-.- 2 14 37 28 8 4 5 2 LE 2 46 38 10 eae ke yo ee oT ee Coo Ce 1 23 37 17 7 6 Ss 1 Ol tae ae ae af 22 34 20 12 9 2 i 7) 1 Cie tas lap eeaaS 5 30 21 10 15 13 6 INO oe oa | ac watts had wa oo elaceeceun ec 3 9 31 56 1 Mee oe es ol at the ee Ws BE Oi af acta nitered 2 8 30 56 4 ees eens he ae ls tarred aefety 3 9 24 54 10 New Mexico.......... eke rete YS eT eee ie ay ees 5 10 30 f4 1 Tit eae enti 5 / 26 10 3 6 80 bevels 203% US) hy oS ee a ele a RED A oe a eee 4 8 16 70 2 TG on dion hows be weet dene eR eed Le etateed 1 6 21 69 3 ae aged Pom Og Pes Denes 3 9 20 64 4 Washington.......... Laadcatteds len 488 Sos 1 6 11 20 55 7 NON So severe eens ED eee 1 6 9 19 53 re California..... | 2 | 4 9 12 9 18 39 6 [In Georgia 1 per cent harvested in March; in Florida 1 per cent in January, 4in February, 2in December; in Oregon and California 1 per cent in December.) ? : 686 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TaBLeE 283.—Potatoes: Percentage usually disposed of each month, by States. : State. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May.} June.| July.) Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov.| Dec. | ee) SEY ee ee Se .——— =o { Oe ee eee tS Ob Se 7| 5 ry ee 5 13{ 13) 12 New Hampshire. ........-- 8 | 6 7 6 5 1 2 5 20 14 B Vermont.i. or iac cesses bul | 6 | 5 7, 5 5 1 2 6 25 B 12 Massachusetts.............. 3 5 5 5 3 2 2 11 23 12 9 Rhode islong . oe. eS 4 | 4 4 4 2 1 6 15 18 13 8 Connecticut...2022 265222222: 5 | 4 7 6 4 1 3 9 23 15 8 Nepiyaeke = 0-8 8S 5 | 4 5 6 5 2 4 7 27 3 6 Now Jersey 223-882 .uh-- 2) 2 S422 3 2 1 2 5 30 12 9 4 Pennsylvania.............. 4 | 3 6 6 3 1 5 9 25 13 6 Delaware. !-st2.a0c-ce..-. 2 52 710 Oe do) Mle om seta Ce 4] 6 7 Maryland 3.64 222. '0...02 5 5 5 6 3 2 10 15 17 19 4 Virginia... 2iriceee 258. .: & / 6 | 6 10 8 3 11 14 9 10 8 6 West Virginia.............. 4 | 4 6 11 4 2 5 12 20 9 5 North Carolina............. i MSHS 6 7 3 3 23 12 10 10 6 5 Sonth Carolina............. 1 1 1 1 25 40 18 3 3 3 2 Georgia .-5. 200. 582-25. ..5 2 2 2 2 13 20 18 12 10 6 3 Wor. ...4.uie <3 i4. me: 2 2 11 36 3L 10 2 1 1 1 2 LETT OR: A ap RE TR, 52% 2 3 6 Z 3 2 6 10 26 14 4 brs CT ae Spe ees Re eae 5 4 6 6 3 3 7 10 25 9 6 TUNERS 8 phere 8 es 3 3 5 6 3 2 9 10 25 4 MICHIE AT fee eae. ok oe Gann ns 4 4 7 10 6 2 3 6 26 6 W2SGQNSINEs 5 00 fc 4d one 6 6 8 6 6 5 3 4 27 rf Mimesotasss=2 es tS 3 4 7 6 6 1 3 6 32 3 LOWS Soe eke oS a 2 2 3 5 4 1 7 12 37 2 Missotrtl Ceo. cone Se ee 3 5 10 G 2 3 7 12 20 4 North Dakota....-. 25. <2. 4 4 7 8 10 3 2 4 38 4 South Dakota.............. 2 2 5 7 4 2 4 ui] 36 3 N@DraiskS J eet b oo 4 3 7 11 4 3 5 7 29 4 Kant: sdssesd se 3 2 5 3 1 3 10 15 26 3 eninge ys or so ae 5 4 12 5 1 2 6 12 21 6 Ternmessees. e225 22> be cee 5 7 9 5 2 vf 12 14 13 4 Aishanis, -255.0 at Ree 0 0 0 f 25 35 15 10 5 2 Mississippi. i fso.00 1S 2c: 1 1 2 2 14 34 23 12 4 1 Louisiana 292.202). 2 So. 0 tt) 0 q 38 28 16 7 5 1 Texts. S09. ee 4 BE. 1 0 0 1 12 29 22 14 9 1 QOkishomsas 46.522. 2.0- 2252 1 1 1 0 1 14 30 25 7 2 Beriesasad: ie. nun ce ee 2 5 5 2 4 20 18 ll 10 3 Ey ee Coe > SE 3 3 cf 10 4 2 2 6 31 5 Wyoming2.22....-..-- 3 3 5 10 v4 3 2 4 26 5 Corrado -3. TRL. Lek eee 3 4 5 5 4 2 2 8 35 4 New Mexico. i. c2s2..5.-2¢.-- 6 5 5 10 z 1 2 5 21 12 py, 7 en eo «ee 3 2 2 4 5 24 12 3 18 7 Wie o oe. ede ee: 3 2 5 7 5 2 4 6 34 6 Nevin. ies. 1. | 31 Sieur) Vial oe eee 27 8 Wintios. : soit ss. he we 2 4 4 Z 5 2 3 8 23 9 Washington................ \ 44 5 8 7 4 2 5 8 26 6 in es &) Spee &, ORs 5 4 6 9 5 2 5 6 25 6 Galitornin hog sc 228 $65. c ons 4 4 5 4 4 6 10 7 19 8 United States........ | 44| 44] 67 6.7 49) 40 5.8] 83 23.5 HAY. About 24 per cent of the entire hay be is baled, according to estimates made by crop reas of the Bureau of Crop Zstimates. It is estimated that about 18,600,000 bales of tame or cultivated hay (8 pee = oe bo tongs crop) and 2,488,000 bales of wild hay (16.9 per cent of the wild-hay crop) will be baled rom the crop. TABLE 284.—Hay: Percentage of crop usually baled. Maine) .y, shits deceddes suai as 4} OMG IE cae se anaes LaLa 7 | Texns:....2sscessueaeneeeeee 61 New Hampshire.............. LON) Endings. inienptaes xen wnaen 28 | Oklahoma............. divides 66 be aS 8 SS BS Set BS A LIMON AG sas cas ue eens were 33 | Arkansas... < sc lscttentecea Oe Massachusetts. ...........-... GO Michigan, «.c. 99.0) 0 0 1.0} 98.0) 0 0 2.0} 99.0) O 0 1.0} 80.0) 0 0 | 20.0 ik ge ee See 95.0) 0 0 5.0} 40.0) 51.0} 7.0) 2.0] 84.0] 6.0) O | 10.0} 20.0) 10.0) 3.0) 67.0 PONTE so. teeth: 95.0} 1.0} 1.5) 2.5) 50.0) 25.0] 23.0) 2.0) 53.2) 4.1] 10.1) 32.6} 33.0} 1.0] 6.0) 60.0 PA a sic ala siuie’s win 96.0) 3.0] O 10) 36. ORDOOR10: 0) 4 4.0) cine). oascfe ecu cltceae | 28.0} 9.0} 17.0) 46.0 LRG e CEES iy Soe 9050}_.4.0}.1:2.0) 4:50) 28-01 64.01" 6:0) 2.0)... 122. .).5.-]3 0s 10.0) 0 0 Pe US 6S ee oa rio Sel at | ae 2 ea RC 227 Pie BUTE | ESE: 1 | (eA | ta RTE ISR SPS | SPE." 4 (8 Seal FR eee LS) = a 98.0} O TAOleoe TOD Cab eal | Gehman SES eel awee nl ace Saintes CRS Ee Saal Ar OR eee ce sa. + ss 99.5} O 0 -5| 89.8) 7.2) 1.5) 1.5) 85.0) 1.8) .3] 12.9) 80.8) .2)" .3) 18.7 / SD i ee 8950) 4.0) 5.0}. 2:0}, 35.0) 43:0) 21.0) 1:0)... o).5. ..]....-].....) 21.0} 7.0) 27.0} 45.0 WEOHU=. ocho 2's. 95.0} 2.0} 2.5 -5| 89.0] 4.7) 6.0 -3}| 92.0] 2.0) 5.5) . 5} 83.0) 3.0] 12.0) 2.0 WR Ooo o Gat rtns 91.0) 4.0) 4.0} 1.0} 89.0) 6.0] 3.0) 2.0} 88.0} 6.0) 4.0] 2.0) 64.0} 16.0) 16.0) 4.0 RiGee ce iades ce ox 94.1] 1.6) 3.6 -7| 85.0} 5.0); 8.0) 2.0) 91.0) 2.2) 4.5) 2.3) 67.0) 8.0) 21.0) 4.0 Ne MASS 2 cacccnas 93.0} 3.0] 2.0} 2.0} 83.0} 6.0] 10.0) 1.0) 82.0} 6.0} 11.0) 1.0) 70.0) 12.0) 10.0) 8.0 1 ee once 91.0} 4.0] 4.0] 1.0} 46.0] 6.0) 47.0) 1.0) 83.0} 4.0) 12.0) 1.0....../..... eae ae Ue ee 97.1] 1.2)- 11.0 .7| 97.6 ai| Le. G) .1) 98.4 9 -5 <2 83. 4} 6.3; 9.2) 21 UNG Roe si. she adhe. 97.0} 2.0) 1.0] O | 96.0} 1.0} 3.0) O | 99.0 -3 | eb IG AS PE eee WAGNOL .'. 3 .48- = 94.0} 2.0] 4.0) O | 89.5) 5.0] 5.0 - 5} 89.0) 8.0} 3.0) O | 70.0} O | 30.0) O WVHA. sw secee.- 84.0} 4.0} 11.0] 1.0) 75.0} 6.0) 19.0) O | 85.0) 3.0] 7.0} 5.0) 48.0) 13.0) 24.0) 15.0 (1). er ie 87.3] 2.3] .9.5 -9| 74.3] 2.1] 22.5) 1.1) 94.1) 1.4) 2.2] 2.3) 54.2] 8.8] 34.2) 2.8 (37° ee eres 66.0} 4.0) 28.0} 2.0} 38.0} 7.0) 55.0) O | 64.0} 3.0) 29.0} 4.0) 44.0} 1.0) 28.0) 27.0 UA ar 97.5 7 1.1 7| 88.1] 7.8) 3.5) 6] 91.9) 1.3) 5.4 say iat 19) a. 8.1 EARLY APPLE PRODUCTION. Theimportant countiesin the United States producing early varieties of applesin considerable quantity for commercialchannels and their leading varieties are: Sonoma County, Cal.— Gravenstein; Union and John- son Counties, Ill—Benoni, Transparent, Duchess, and Sops of Wine; Monmouth County, N. J.—English Codlin, Gravenstein Chto peti Red Astrachan, Duchess, and Wealthy; Burlington County, N.J.— Starr, Williams Early Red, Yellow Transparent, and Wealthy; Kent and Sussex Counties, Del.—Yellow Transparent, Williams Early Red, and Nero; Washington County, Md., Berkeley County, W. Va., and Frederick County, Va.—Yellow Transparent; Niagara Sig ae N: ¥.—Duchess and Wea thy. Early apples in commercial quantities are also produced in the Ozarks, where Maiden Blush and Yellow parent are favorites; also in the Missouri River region, southern Ohio and Indiana, Hudson Valley Central Lake district of New York, and parts of Tennessee. Transparent leads in southern regions and Duchess in the more northern. Duchess and Wealthy are not considered as being in the early class where they go on the market late, as in Michigan, Wisconsin, etc. 98911°—yBx 1918——-48 690 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. PEACH CROP CENTRALIZED. The peach cropisa highly centralized cropinmany States, Forinstance, Ottawa County, Ohio, normally produces 90 percent ofthe commercial peaches of that State. Washington County,Md.,produces about 60 per cent ofthe Marylandcrop. Hampshire, Morgan, and Mineral Counties produce 89 per cent of the State crop of West Virginia. Houston and Macon Counties, Ga., produce 60 per cent of the State oP Franklin County, Pa., produces 45 per cent of the State re Moore and erg pecan Counties, N. C., produce 75 per cent of the North Carolina crop. Niagara, Orleans, Monroe, and Wayne Counties —— 85 per cent ofthe New Yorkecrop. Berrien and Van Buren Counties, Mich., produce 68 per cent of the Michigan crop. Crawford, Johnson, Polk, Sebastian, Franklin, Yell, and Logan Counties produce 46 per cent of the peaches of Arkansas. Cherokee, Wood, Smith, Hopkins, and Franklin Counties produce 48 per cent of the Texas crop. YEARLY VARIATION IN CROP PRODUCTION. The variation in total production of a crop in one year as compared with another is due to & change of ucreage or to a change of yield per acre. Of these two factors the yield per acre is the more important in causing the yearly fluctuations in production in the United States. This fact is shown graphically in the accompanying series of charts, which show the variation of production, yield per acre, and acreage, in the United States, since 1909. The lines representing total production and yield per acre runin nearly the same direction. The greatest influence of change of acreage was in 1916 and 1917, in which years the war caused abnormal acreage changes; but even in these years yield per acre was the dominant influence, N : ¢ 8 npyters x wrk? eo, re a 691 Miscellaneous Agricultural Statistics. ia) ie = ARR Derek ae x ae POTATOLS FPRODYCF/ON **-17LLO FIL? AQPL O/E/ PELE P ESTs ) = With- . With- . With- :. With- With With With With out . out out out board. | poard. | b0ard- | hoard. | 984+) poara. | PO@rd: | board. Perct.| Perct.| Perct.| Per ct. 0 8 66 3 LS 1D) A 4 Se ac et 1 4 New Hampshire. .................... 9 7 62 38 hi) ee ee eee 9 6 74 26 MPREADHUSOUIS: bee cet sw nen states bb kee 7 10 60 40 POU USIANG . sesh dees elses tetas sa SSO M20 ec! Bide. aeue 5 30 70 ATAU TIOCHICUL. ae sac cucu succes eaacseees 6 9 54 46 NEW EOD ies se sek Suk baa. Onan see eke oe 9 7 60 40 INGWGEBOY. setcccreudccusatdrssGkce 6 ll 46 54 Penneylvanias 2420. sel ieee weseed ll 6 71 29 UNGER MUI Cec oc wei Coen cus ders 9.0 7.3 62.5 37.5 LEIS LAST ee ee SE ee eR 8 5 70 30 MIANVIHIC Reset cue eicct audesueCheosnua 9 3 76 24 ARM to ee oak ak. cordon awmenandern 10 7 62 38 Nuk: 2) AYA thea hat Da eg A 15 7 66 34 696 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TABLE 293.—Percentage of male farm labor by classes and States—Continued. ZRSSSsshhaall< By day, ex- Percent: By month— cept extra hn cha ofall labor | harvest— hired— State and division. en ban meee one - With- ' With- . With- With With With out out out board. board. board. board. board. board. Per ct.| Perct.| Perct.| Per ct.| Perct.| Per ct North Caroling: =... 220. 3: sou. Jouaackde 30 14 23, 16 il 6 South Carciina.:.. 5S iJ aS 39 21 10 17 4 9 Geukwin .. 51..43..$2.. eee 37 22 14 13 8 6 WIG. 1.,.-20. bos ees eva ener acess 25 15 8 38 5 9 South Atlantic............2...- 33.7| 17.2| 17.4] 166] 83] 6.8 Gilg h..0sk ch ta ee 38| 15 9] | 12 5 Mndiarig-ot...L- LU. ee ae 40 19 14 10 10 Kf Riche ee eee a he SF 50 14 12 10 10 “4 Midhifan..29. ts. 2: be seer 40 15 20 8 13 4 Wikdonsin=tts. | dU chal ete 55 13 14 6 9 3 North Central east of Mississippi RiVGrss- acces eee Rae oS 44.8 Tae nS 9.2 10.8 4.6 Minnesota te. 55 Aes cc ee oe ee fe 56 5 16 mg 2 i he 2 TOW Se soe ecko its eee aeoeee 65 10 9 3 10 3 Missourits sac ct Jat yc. 5 1 ee 41 14 16 10 13 6 North Dakota boss... dss. eee ee 51 3 15 4 26 1 Sonth Dakota: ive. 1. PA ee 55 3 14 3 24 2 Nebtasky. 36022 nseasos abe Se cmece 62 10 11 3 12 2 RANSASs.65 cocctowccveb nd estatideeoeaes 45 12 15 5 19 4 North Central west of Missis- Sippi Bivern..icukicstvences 52.7 9.4; 13.8 4.8 15.9 3.4 Kenitobky,£, .).. be -aeee ee a ae ee. | 10 8 | Terinessee. fe... tcctobuutt evar wees 24 16 21 22 9 8 Alapeme.<. 524.055. 5cuReees ee See 32 21 17 19 5 6 MASSISSIDD <3. 555s osace dee nae eae 31 14 13 22 il 9 DORROSTIA =. occ tee eee een ene 16 21 14 29 8 12 3 7 ee AS «SE oe 31 18 ll 21 ll 8 Oklsnomia ..s:.-2.ce. sues. co eee 32 9 19 11 20 9 ATESRSASS sic seaisavtdhceicm. anes 55 ll 14 il 4 5 ASIII «oc oxen acwenmes aaa ea dee 22 13 22 20 16 7 NO GON sees scl Vax cute atabe tarda Sate alee ane 25 10 12 22 2k 10 NOUHES - 5.5. chearee a kere here eae 80i| cecal elare aveutlanne $.-5 20). needa Lf PUY ee ee ee hg 5) PERE TS Ry 47 6 21 3 22 1 Washinetosias de sxstbcasncaes aves 44 12 18 8 14 4 OREROtheseda tc atieG a nskccnde eran ew te 38 9 ll 8 26 8 Celbipitile aaa. ee ce csv maine Bee 21 il il 28 17 12 ASW GRUCRTL ais «. . Se ceah ae auc 37.4 9.5 13.7 14.9 16.9 7.6 32.0 1 United States.............----- 36.1|° 15.5| 15.3] 15.7| 10.5) 6.9 697 ltural Statistics. gricw Miscellaneous A TaBLe 294.—Wages of male farm labor by classes and States, 1910 and 1918. + © | S8SSRBSSS |BZINSSHSRBRISIEVSSR|] SISRSRSSF|] KISSSSSRSA | SI SRSeseenasa 8 ||8 + 8 BR | ptsdddsen ol ett etl etet ett of el stetet attr a frldteteteldd| 3 Noicidicicidoiciciol a ie = oa = — » . en! | = | £8 [2 | sassessee|s lasneseae |claeses| elsmezcee| =lseevece= ls eesgesaeese [aie § Fo | S| ghetededed aiededas of | clotelet iinet oi || oid oded od ot | sisdci ict 68 || A eciciaiod | of |] ted oles odeded thoded e | ~ — Z| ¢ | g | SSSNSSRaS |S SAksReKS (|RRABNS| A/Seseees| BileRegksce |B lressaeseras |x |e Ss g Ss Arndt Fo ce RS nnn S| ecco Rae ae eee ae el CR] CW eld J fy al P=) co 7 | 3 |g | eeasasssn |/s|steesess |a|seens| &ileeeaect| Rk] easeuers |e |seseeeseres le ls g & 2 ginadcddainol A || NNR NR eee | |) Addai A || CNR MA A || ae ddan | 4 || daiaidaiaidincdaiai i e | sanassases |e |eeseases|(sisseca| eilesseses| slessaasss|sleesenezezes lala Bx S BAAR AANANAR [A | RRR mi || Naidda A || Adria N || Peppa] ll Naidiaidiaiaiciaa ci | : + he Bis - E £2 | | exseseess|alaeececes|slseses| elaseaees| eleseecees |e RBRESRB SENS | 7/8 o Z| gsedededcdedades 3 |] MANA ANR AA |] ded ied od wi io 15.15 wi wi SAAR RANA | i] Swi cd dod Hi di od bs » — s - H » | ¢ | g | SSRIS8S88 |e | aaraesgs |S |seeze| Ki asaeex2| s|sxgeenes |= |seesaearasg |e] 3 3 = Godden || pae ae CR) A laA aa ri || AN ridiaaa A lla Slaniantll an! By = Ss “| 3 | @ | SesResese |¥ | aexaseass |e Slasgeexst| sieeesesss |s|eeeneeassss = = QGNANAN SOSA | | SAA Aries | ft || dedadaicd OS || CD Od A i i ti wt 03 a ao ., | g | s82aeeees [2 ]easesges /elsseex| = leezeses 4 |geagasce s |ssanegeseae [2/8 ee 5 H_eBsamson |S | ARARASAA @ || Sass & SBA | || RASAAARA [A || SSSSSRSSSESS | S/R | a | 7 | & | SRESSSSRSES | AISSRSRSSS /F/RSSRR]}] SHRSSSRES| SF g SA) eee eer I heceps bah a eid eS a lpeiete bee 2 Pees cee | cileee sae it ea 8 - SSESE | EISSSSRAGS |S | SSSSS | BSISSSRESR] & = ; 7 J Q | SRSRSSRRE | SISRSSSSSS |K|SRBRSS| SISSRSSRS| F Bats Gr ae A i tats te te ae tee 4 ie arpcieterhy s lighwe tence oy | cells bo ead eee a | g¢ | * | gavdsicitas | lsetsdsds |didadda| Aiddsdnaa| 8 3 es | B8SSSSSR8 |S | SSRSRSSS | a S || SSRSRSS8 | = a a mci pero 9 reer eee fille 3 Se-alaee aetorn| er eee oe bee Lira pare Dep rrb> Sapo terte athe = | $9995 3555 | 8 | SARSARKS |S J ||RRAAARSA | A Paes ai wes vel © 4 CI ede ee nee) 8 ee fom Ge eee © ees Waa , Pret eine ne ce ig eh oat ae 3S tg wl a aes ER So SO. Bre ty Sg ig gel id Bess EI P:88 i: Z } cea be is = Piig: i : 1B: a 3 SS et ee a Se aint a 23 ig 198 Bu Pe 4 ds So tigda: p: BSahe sg 0 geen: : = g: LSHEM EB SES ‘sAReY EF: Be: Bes i B ] Som. ad: ie s A A © oa sg =| $ es sreliicee & E a ae geesld Ci Elsezuee 2 SEFC gs 4 @ . °c > Gi a ¢ So'anh = pa § = p @ HSOVD a 28 ge n me: EB o Bo a et o-- ox mn o Cc ea azPamoazm ~ a> fe aE SazaZ Meaeseod = = aeoz< 6s 698 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TABLE 295.— Wages of classes of male farm labor, 1866-1918. By the month, | Day laborathar- | Day labor not vest. est. Year. : with | With) with | Wis) | Withee board board board. board board : 1918 gc oui women nniieoeniveccses Seaton ae $34.92 $47.07 $2.65 $3. 22 $2.07 $2.63 SET a chin, sre wht Saddle ee a ee ate hee 28. 87 40. 43 2.08 2.54 1.56 2.02 DULG We Ces canaaeceabese ee Peder yt connor! 23. 25 32. 83 1.69 2.07 1.26 1.62 IO1G [cto secre aie a aceon eee eae 21. 26 30.15 1.56 1.92 1.13 1.47 5 (') ey Pee Senet: een Os Sera 21.05 29.88 1,55 1.91 1.13 1.45 BOIS: .b SESE SG ee Sioa lets coche oo aioe 21.38 30.31 1.57 1.94 1.16 1.50 pA) 7 ga RE et py ple Bees i ey SEE RS 20.81 29. 58 1.54 1.87 1.14 1.47 Soll 0 eee. Ee ie cee ce See 20.18 28.77 1.49 1.85 1.09 1.42 LG. -f seh Suc meals oe Poke eee Social See 19.21 27.50 1.45 1.82 1.06 1.38 BO os Seek a meth adroak Mares a dots ale ose eee a 16. 40 22.14 1.34 1.53 -89 geet. BRS Sb. ctie Ske ae sf Got CORE SD i orks 14.07 20. 23 1.12 1.37 77 1.01 JB9S. AE A IS. Daca s eee 13. 43 19. 38 1.05 1.30 212 96 BROG 6 ae She ot oe See oe gee ee 12.02 17.69 -92 1.14 62 81 BOR SRO 6 SOTA. hindu cus eee bce Here 12.16 17.74 -93 1.13 63 Sl Sass SSL eee ee eee 13. 29 19.10 1.03 1.24 69 89 MBG eS Sees 0 hak wale Seeate te See ees 12. 54 18. 60 1.02 1.30 67 92 TBO oe See So OS IURRR Cb ES TX Soe eee 12.45 18.33 1.02 1.30 68 92 ROSS. oe OF Se ob Sears cn tegae Sa oee xs Uo eeiew.s 12. 36 18. 24 1.02 1.31 -67 92 OSSD. So kh es nh Sean aa te eee 12.34 17.97 1.10 1.40 -67 91 TOSS. oS Been. 458 te nnch Pooides dune weacle seme s 12. 41 18. 94 1.15 1.48 67 . TS79 25 sea oe ae PO OWN odie ed pacha meters 10. 43 16. 42 1.00 1.30 59 5:3 1 SBT hes PRESS ee owes cba bemeueee 12.72 19. 87 Le 1.70 .78 1.08 i ie ok oe a hy eee yc 4 Ree ee ee 16.55 25. 92 1.74 2.20 1.02 1.41 BSGG ek SSS 583 ct ERR ees hee 17.45 26. 87 1.74 2. 20 1.08 1.49 TREND OF PRICES, WAGES, AND LAND VALUES. The accompanying two charts show the trend from 1909-10 to 1917-18 in the United States of values of farm lands, wages paid for monthly farm labor, average |b a of farm crops, and prices of articles which farmers usually buy. The base, 100 in each case, is the average for the five years before the war, 1909-10 to 1913-14. 8-3 8 8 re en ee ee eee ~ 8 Bo Bo on§ 58 oe Ste FER Nr 450 emmmmemmeres 74E/VO OF AUT LAND VALUE (NV CS. 100" 5 YEAR) AVERAGE 4&9O9~S/O TO 1GL39-+2 (@EOR THE WAR) Meer ye Sr Hike §§ 8 8 8 g 7 700 * 5 YEAR AVERAGE (909-10 TO LIK 18 (Betore the ter) aN S 9 Crop prices, dotted line; articles farmers buy, heavy line, Miscellaneous Agricultural Statistics. VALUE OF PLOW LANDS. TABLE 296.—Value of plow lands, by States, 1916-1919. Average of poor plow 1919 1918 1917 699 Average of all plow lands, 1916 S8888 88888 S3Ss8s _ _ ; SHEER SEUSS ESSER SSSSS SeeeRe sesek SSSS8 S88SS SSS8S SSSSS ASRRS SR! SSS SSSSS SSSSS SSSSS SSSSS SSSSS SSSSS Sssss KER 41.00 55.00 SSS S3sss Ss 84.00 Ss 70. 110. 8 88888 S883 oo oo Se 00 $32. ee! GENES BLASS RES: SRSS SSR: SSSSS SSSSS SSSSS SSSSS SSSSS SSSES SESE 00 SSsss. Sss ——.s —————————_ — | PENN lands. State. 1919 1918 1917 Maitige os: 2S 22... $24.00 | $24.00 | $22.00 New Hampshire....} 23.00] 21.00] 24.00 Cw. ae 30.00 | 28.00 | 28.00 Massachusetts....... 41.00 | 41.00] 36.00 Rhode Island....... 7.00 46.00 | 42.00 Connecticut........- 37.00 | 37.00] 36.00 New York.......... 38.00 | 33.00] 34.00 New Jersey......... 50.00 | 58.00] 46.00 Pennsylvania.......} 38.00 | 37.00] 36.00 Delnware. {2.2.2.2 36.00 | 35.00] 33.00 Marviatids 22... ..:- 39.00 | 33.00} 30.00 ila Ce Se 31.00 | 29.00 | 24.50 ‘West Virginia....... 29.00 | 28.00] 23.00 North Carolina...... 31.00 | 29.00} 24.00 South Carolina...... 27.00 | 23.00] 21.00 (it 2 24.50 | 20.00} 18.00 RGinrias 2... 21.00 | 21.00] 20.00 Ut = ¢ a 63.00 | 61.00] 55.06 Lili 68.00 | 67.00 | 60.00 Mrigiges ct ct 2s. 2 100.00 | 94.00] 85.00 Michigan...........- 40.00 | 38.00] 35.00 MV eCONSIN: 222.2... 60.00 | 56.00] 53.50 Minnesota..........- 59.00 | 54.00] 50.00 CO a 129.00 | 119.00 | 104.00 UISSOUT bad ails ch oon 51.00} 47. 42.50 North Dakota....... 27.50 | 26.00] 24.00 South Dakota....... 50.00} 41.00] 41.00 Nebraska..........- 67.00 | 60.00 | 51.00 44.00 42.00 | 37.00 37.00 | 31.00] 27.00 31.00 | 30.00 {| 26.00 17.00 15.00 13.00 16. 00 15.00 13.00 25.00 | 26.00 17.00 27.00 | 30.00] 24.00 24.00 | 23.00 19.00 22.00 | 20.00 17.00 21.00 | 22.00 19.00 26.00 | 25.00 20. 00 36.00 | 35.00} 32.00 30.00 | 25.00 | 24.00 60.00 } 52.00 | 55.00 55.00 | 48.00 45.00 50. 00 42.00 |} 38.00 50.00 |} 43.00 | 37.00 60.00 | 56.00 | 50.00 53.00 | 53.00 | 44.00 69.00 | 66.00 | 55.00 United States.| 51.26 47.86 42. 67 Average of pe plow lands. 1919 1918 1917 $50.00 | $48.00 | $47.00 | $37. 54.00 | 52.00] 50.00] 39. 64.00 | 64.00 | 60.00] 44. 92.00 | 92.00 | 93.00] 68. 92.00} 90.00] 85.00} 73. 80.00 | 75.00] 72.00] 55. 80.00 | 75.00} 74.00] 60. 103.00 | 108.00 | 92.00] 76. 79.00 | 79.00] 73.00] 60. 70.00 | 68.00 | 75.00] 55. 66.00 | 61.00} 62.00] 53. 62.00 | 61.00 | 50.00] 47. 64.00 | 64.00 | 54.00] 44. 67.00 | 58.00] 49.00] 50. 56.00 | 45.00 | 48.00] 45. 49.30} 40.00} 35.50] 37. 48.00} 42.00! 37.00] 33. 113.00 | 107.00 | 99.50] 91. 126.00 | 120.00 | 110.50 | 100. 170.00 | 160.00 | 148.00 | 144. 76.00} 75.00 | 72.00] 61. 110.00 | 100.00 | 99.50] 89. 88.00 | 85.00} 81.00] 78. 196.00 | 180.00 | 163.00 | 169. 91.00 | 83.00] 76.00] 72. 43.00 | 41.00 | 39.00} 37. 77.00 | 63.00 | 62.50] 67. 115.00 | 110.00 | 90.00 | 95. 77.00} 74.00} 69.00] 61. 80.00} 65.00 | 56.00] 61. 75.00 | 67.00} 60.00] 53. 33.00 | 30.00] 23.50] 24. 33.50 | 31.00] 28.00] 25. 44.00] 45.00] 36.00] 33. 58.00 | 57.00} 49.00] 46. 51.00 | 48.00} 42.00] 38. 50.00 | 45.00] 39.00] 38. 45.00} 45.00 | 41.00] 34. 53.00 | 49.00 | 41.00] 43. 80.00 | 74.00] 75.00] 60. 60.00 | 60.00 | 48.00] 45. 125.00 | 116.00 }| 108.00 | 100. 125.00 | 113.00 | 90.00 | 95. 110.00 | 110.00 | 80.00] 85. 98.00 | 89.00} 77.00] 76. 121.00 | 122.00 | 110.00 | 95. 108.00 | 111.00 | 93.00] 81. 165.00 | 168.00 | 150.00 | 121. 91.83 | 85.48 31] 68.38 | 62. 700 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. DEPTH OF PLOWING. The average depth of plowing pbs by farmers was a subject ofinquiry among crop re ers of the Bureau of Crop Estimates. Each reporter who replied estimated the average depth plowed by farmers in hiscommunity. Separate estimates were made for fall pias and spring plowing, r ively. For the entire United States the average of fall plowing is found to be about 5.45 inches, and of spring plowing 5.12inches. State averages are given below: TaBLE 297.—Plowing depth, fall and spring. | State. Fali. Spring. State. Fall. Spring. Inches. Inches. 4 Inches. Inches. Mammo: 20. 00..: Se. Rest 5 7. 6 || North Dakota 55. ae... ae -aeee 5.0 4.7 New Hampshire..........-.- 7.0 6.9 || South Dakota............l..5 5.1 5.2 Weemortt Plo 22s 33! oi. 58a 6.5 6.3 ||| Nebraska... tess Se eee 5.2 5.4 Massachusetts... 22. 5.2...0204 7.4 108 || Kansas. oc: ...02.gecst seen 4.8 5.0 Rhode Island: 22-22 2...200-2 6.0 6:3 |) Kentucky. . 2-20.25. .5 oe eee 5.9 6.0 @Gonmiacticuts). .< 332252. 2. 8.8 6.5 6. 4] "Dennessee: . .. 26.25... eae ] 6.0 5. 6 INGw’ Yorki..¢ Ais ee 6.4 6:4") Alabamise: . 02.02... Saeee 6.3 4.2 NGW JeInOy == Sess scesaeecs es 6.4 6.9]! “Mississippi --< 5. 2ic22e5 soe 4.0 3.3 Pennsylvania ....-..... = bone 6.7 6:5 |) Louisiana: . J. 0.222 See 5.0 4.3 Delawaret & 22.2 sel bes eS 5.9 65S UDSxsels it. ete see see 4.9 4.2 Marvinnd hs So: 1 As oe 23 e8 6.3 6.5 )|*Oklahomas - . S6e85. Li sae eee 4.5 4.5 Virbinia: 0s, She 5335 ee eee 6.6 6.5 |) Arkansas. . 2. 0.32.25 See 5.0 4.4 West Virgimnidc 2525) ef... 8.2 6.1 6.0 '|} Montana... .\. 2220c55 a ee 5.5 §.5 North Carolina: ..22..22 2.2.22 6.5 5.8 || Wyoming: --0 ).2)/2. 52 5.9 5.6 | Seuth Caroling: 32: 22: ees 5.8 4:9)’ Coloradoe: . .. 2.28.2. 25 ee 6.7 6.1 Gear eiM: fhe Set AST tae 5.1 4.01] New Mexico .. 29.70.1325 5.6 5.2 Movida 4: 4309.2 18; 2s ees | 5.7 4,7 | Avizond.2s2 24. 002s See 5.8 5.8 Ohio - ct ee eae ete | 6.4 6.91): Utah 22: 2.2. eee 7.5 6.7 Tndiana:.0o.022. fa ees | 6.0 6.51)’ Nevadat.s.. 2. bel. See 6.6 6.7 SMGiIs 4, 2S. coe oka se = se eee ad 6.3 || Tdahipe:.. 242 eee eee 6.1 6.1 Wigan 2s Goo os re oee en Gee 6.7 6.4 |) Washington. . “Clos ae 6.4 6.4 Wasconsin: 222." & 6.0 5.7 ||} Oregon’ soo. eee 32 2 eee 6.0 6.1 Mirinicsotacs- 5) A A 5.4 5.0 |)’ California 222005 eee eneuenes 6.1 6.5 WWE: 2. econ see nec eee a4 5.0 Wissourk (2 .~ 5 3828t 5 SS | 5.6 5.6 q Z a. n e oe Cs & +d FS The degree of uniformity of the estimates is illustrated in the following tabulation, which classifies the returns from the adjacent States of Indiana and Illinois; thus, 204 reports were received from Illinois, of which 3 estimated the average depth of fall plowing to be 8 inch ; 33 estimated 7 inches; 12 estimated 64 inches; 70 estimated 6 inches; 12 estimated 54 inches; 49 estimated 5 inches; 7 estimated 44 inches; 16 estimated 4 inches; and 2 estimated less than 4 inches, s TABLE 298.—Classification, by depths, of the returns from Illinois and Indiana on depth of fall and spring plowing. Number of reports. Depth. Illinois. Indiana. Fall. Spring. Spring. Over 9 indhasy.. 16h 462. HO ak he ie coed en ke ois Ce enee beet 0 0 2 0 OTs 8 se yn oie heb He o Suid a ee uke DO PRGA ALES ob ee 0 0 | 2 Sh inches jose sb oe as. ceccavicds ke bce t Mas pals eek webbie tains 0 0 1 2 SinGhee.. silly cuve cow sewvents wwwwvb ewe wwewewe ted inva aieee 3 3 13 21 Wh inphes 052) 6.025. es Seo ork Wes Pe ee. Oe 0 1 2 5 (pla) Se es ie eae ee ee Oe re em BS Pee 33 ll 26 59 GA Chea Sse te FO iw cdc ccweecnne ce dusteenaeeeaee 12 7 6 il OAD COS Sood oa vidans sco bade ve ceu keen deen eeeenet col aea rE naee 70 48 63 47 Be Inches < oS tGs snes overdo cde«da canadian een came nee 12 8 7 6 BinCHOs . ies wdc ass avteds Me devenaatesadedeudscavesu: anes 49 34 21 $4 INCHAS .. a vtdiidvswnwnwndso he cussawehadete seh ance senen meas 7 8 2 MINCHOS . 5 eu S er dc de05d0 Lucia BE an eadkwh Nis eddinc suntan 16 5 2 Leas than 42nahes. 5.5. 2s.cctte capacucvseveaukxtotvcesauctenene 2 0 0 DOGMA «ne dt cas ccvndanGte ns aekuube wenn «dha tolnea denne 204 169 AVGERRG, ccd <'ecvcaxclolsdeuntewhaetisdexter; Sip Sa Sa F cae hee Be ea Satara gettin Nh aiee ac ao aa eras veers Le “ah DARREL tee To WALES BC ee Le es DE eames oe Sree cs Tee teas ee PTE ee Ce taint d okt Kieu Cap eee a OO tere Rhone. as “Ps ft hy eo aria eee eR be ek coh eee Ge ager nen ae Seat ie eRe Re FE Mt ale Pantera, ieee es bY hehe oat eters {Se ee Teme eriae M 9 Ae a ae ates y peete ies tay ee ‘2 ance he Aare: Baa i ea a aie P radia cae ooh mai =) iS Rn SSeS : ot an Bitar ae Pe ara Me hi ces BS OE. Sock ee Cie eae eee aks dhseie tas tik rnin ee Se att a Se i ane em Oh ba Sc fel a SCRA a ie RR GW Ets o: - AC eee RAC eet Oe eon ee Bi he aa oe pe, Petes aoe eet See Sitube a eaietite : Sie AC SS IE HG, <5 Taree 6: enon ewe uenomiea megs ghepaayelly : : 1 Oe ad Pee Bee a ee aT ee TPCO CG MACE A RCIA, me ee Taree ee te er ry sit retake ome Ee Sa net aate MES hoot a Tinea. ee eee Lee AO SCM Shee aieee oe Ue Da te ea ae ee SS ao : Mf cine ime tas ae lee ee Lae serine PS, ee aati ee eee ee reas iY dekh Beha eee Hi apace : Vc o> Reba Se de Hapa Fa RMR ON Leap RETR” Le eRe TR CSE oh ks ee ee ele, Meee eel peepee te tae ing PF ae Cake “ies RAE LoS ata : Se No oe Sa eel on DR SIRES SARI eT ARTS eg oay aera ct Dhar eaves tak are Rk ECHR Ts he ae aM SN Wasa to Ha te eae oe as AERO Le ORT eis wer tae Ue See Ce aE ths Sar taier tks See ee ike ies pre gees: thames IE SR em ea MR Ter Maa ES Ute i gp lig LS I dP a Ber a aE SOT Rr Re Ce Renee he SITS. EE Tse eR Ee Aca eee eee 5 BR Pa a eR, 2 th Pieen can CaP Vek opie rai ae cece ee are ae ee or er ee A EC eR epee tt Ane OMS Cite Mee he Se gle RN 9 SM ices apc he Pct tals ae etn pieniarse farcisvum de ts Ge. gece Tea tetera CN fee a 8 lek eee. Sea tae. beeen Se ig ot tay" tae Tia that tai sal REE Se REA a, atk ALE ER eee ee ee WAN Cees Lala Ma ae ay CNN es CRORE TES, CO SEY SANA IN @ te kee soe UA 8 ce iN are i) . eee yy . wee i WS Se eee fe Paes fe Pay ae We Fee fa hr et ya te . oo. a gp ee ee Ge hee a 8 ee Ree Ce 4. Sr Sema & 26 ee Se HOS Tale eet Bee Mae, Teer 2 ) Fw eet eee Dee a a ee ag PD eye see 028 Res A i i nee oe? fee OC eb ele ee sires fo fen WEI, We aes e UK e Wt. Mab. 8 Laem 8) yee Nees ge (hey eon | aos Peo) Oar 2 eae” Ue, oe ee So ee et? GS ee ot ie. | ee _ ! e g 2° ‘ ‘ ‘ee AIRC ae I Nel Et en Ne meen) Ome tie ie dg lal crete, eye ale - ‘ . aes ie Se Seely Ce a ES SR RD Se Le NE ih gh ti) aL pat US CIR eRe ect mo aN irene ioe eae” gab Aa LO La 1 ie a et ane eT Te BHM SHAOAnS SacrcsnwsmaAcs Sasrnowtsnns-sxrsHedtsadc™ tet et et et et et et tt tt et et et et et et eet et et et St et et et et et et et et ~ BOAAAXAADAAS cHAGAAAAAAAD HASH AAAADAD SOBA OSASSOaS = eo . 3 5 a i ° n mn Sas ee ae ee Sm DOoon Ran — be =F SE=SSSSSE2 ee Se ee i? tents reese oe ne uP Gre aw plese le 6 Sc 6? adeu h Faw pS Lt 1S we eee Ss se ure ia ps wp ie tcp AT ee Aa ek Cl ee Wee ew & rt 52a te te Oe PPals >See Pe Be Tee Se SS Ee a Fk eS DASte. oe Fe ow. 18 he eh ore ee hat “te a eae es "he ee ee ee ee eet ek ee eS JAM Oe ee a. wk eh he oe ah tic 00 bo ieee ova wasp) 2 ee. & SEC Cie se ore as De. es be ee ee tw al= 24 fe42* wiehine av Gfe Rv au fe “ee A . Apiehe> 2a ese ep © . o- ’ oon Tel ee ee a Teer en Wa oy. te een 6 6G S: u he Se Yee “sa et OL le sts - ky Th a yatta (soe ate oh ee Chee s weer ans een, 4. *¢ (6 a Ww Le ew ree 8.8 1S ee on ep 20 Perea, @ sie n.°S 0 Often eee So. o9 aes | wim as efays ie 48 Ju eee 8 igape ¢fere Leewree ¥ Cle wile be-5e e808 ek * Twa te a ws Ose ae ee, nee Lae Pa eset ab ee oe ee or ee . i OMe rare toe eee AS CMr~OmO TON oO oe —_. ) SSoaoaogoooacaca SS SS RRR ee 1 Census report of numbers Apr. 15, 1910. Miscellaneous Agricultural Statistics. 703 TaBLE 303.—Aggregate live-stock value comparisons, 1918, 1919, and average 1913-1917. — values Jan. 1, in millions of dollars, i. e., 000,000 omitted; States arranged according to 1919 rank in value of meat animals. ] Cattle, hogs, and sheep. Horses and mules. ipo inp tc ra Rank in agere- States. AY., Ay., Av. gate 1919 1918 1913- 1919 1913- 1919 1918 1913 | val ue, 1917. 1917, 1917, | 1919, UO ES eee eee ee 588 514 292 182 745 687 474 1 CU CS 327 275 160 179 492 444 339 2 INGDVESEEH. 254253... 320 306 168 108 423 425 276 4 NG. a 273 282 239 174 455 462 413 3 (ESS ty ee 268 250 143 136 407 392 279 5 IMMISCONSIN =. 23S. 22. 268 233 155 90 344 316 245 8 RN GOR 5.2 28 Solas toc 264 235 136 116 363 339 252 7 ESIRHS Sos owe 262 246 150 134 400 398 284 6 Minnesota........-.-. 249 206 118 102 343 307 220 9 WAGIRTIBS «cs css= c= 226 181 107 106 323 280 213 10 NewYork... --..2... 202 193 128 86 283 280 214 ll South Dakota....... 182 157 84 72 250 236 156 12 California... fis. 2: 177 163 109 58 224 216 167 15 Pennsylvania. ...... 161 138 92 84 239 219 176 13 Michigan............ 157 141 92 88 227 221 180 14 Rilo... <./3- 3252 131 122 68 33 173 164 101 19 Oklaboma-.......... 121 123 79 91 215 224 170 16 Wry oming =. s. 222-23 119 116 59 14 137 134 73 25 Mantabten 4.5.2 ... ees 1,040 New Hampshire.............. 1, 270 1,050 || South Dakota................. 1,010 WOEKNUME onda eos ke eb oanaws eee 1,2 1, 000 ll (Nebradka....-.c.ecdeecenene 1,040 MASNACINSOG ess SP ise ose oe 1, 255 1, 040: || Kansas:<. -: =<. S20. kee eee 1,040 Rhodes Tsang. oss +. s..d shes 1, 290 1,020 |) Kentucky. .5.0../seuu bib de ates 950 OGnee etek ss ase secannes 1, 220 1,040 || Tennessee. .- 51. SD oeaiee meee 890 OC et) ee 1,180 905. || Alabama... 2<..s5.0ms 1,210 1,000: || Louisians.... 26. sasemeaeeens 900 940 DCIS WATO.L cat Sot oz ee on 1, 080 020 || “Terns... ..\75 Stace ps eee eee eee 1,000 930 MaPviGnd tacs fos 5a svdse kee 1,150 905 || Oklahoma........ aus aewuwe 1, 080 960 y gh ON eee 1,100 APIcnTiSAS. . so. db. vy eee ees 960 890 West Virginia... ...........0e- 1, 165 1, 290 1,010 North Carolina: ...0: 55... 980 1, 290 1,030 South Carolina................ 950 1, 230 1,050 ey AR a ee 940 1,030 920 jb Se ee rey 850 1,150 970 LE ey 2 1,310 1, 270 1,020 Indiana 1,255 1, 200 980 MaTIONS ....§, 2’ 1, 270 1,270 — 1,050 Michigan 1, 295 1,350 1,110 Wisconsin 1, 300 1,310 1,100 Minnesota 1, 305 pe 1,065 TOWN. ccadbunsts as omitedaswent tj ——_ MissOUri, pideciscconshivdtensas 1, 956 ee ee ee By a RN prem pene! Se Miscellaneous Agricultural Statistics. 705 HORSES PER PLOW. TaBLE 307.—Jlorses used per plow, by States. i a 2.0 | North Carolina...... 1.9 | South Dakota....-... 4.1 | Wyoming........... 3.7 New Hampshire-.... 2.0 | South Carolina...... 1.5 "Nebraska -:..23..2.. 3.6 3.4 Vicor a ae 253 1.6 | Kansas... 3.7 «2.9 Massachusetts...... 2.0 1.6 | Kentucky. 2.2 3.3 Rhode Island-. 2.0 2.5 | Tennessee. Pf ks a Connecticut......... 2.0 3.0} Alabama. . 1.4 3.1 MGW. © OF Kdennceuene 2.2 3.5 Mississippi.. 1.4 2.9 New Jersey ......... O. 27) midhiPat=. ..°.6.. 5. 2:6 | Eatisiana a ctone. 2.4 Juetag Bao Pennsylvania....... 2.2.} Wisconsin.......... 2.6 is ee ee ee 3.2 reven REP peat 3.4 Delaware ..-.......- 2.7 INTESOLA = So 558 ue 3.3 Paes Se 3:0 | California.....2..... 4.2 Maryland........... BIO | AO Where acs ecm sue de 8-7) Arkowsas--.0.. ces 2:0 == MIRC one eres c's 2-07] MISSOUr> =.2-2---. os 228} Montana... 22. 322.2 3.7 United States. 2.7 West Virginia....... 2.1 | North Dakota.-.-.... 4.6 CYCLE OF LIVE-STOCK PRICES. Live-stock prlees; like prices of most farm products, have regular cycles, normally highest in certain months and lowest in other months. The cycles for the different classes of live stock do not coincide; thus, hogs are highest in September and lowestin December; cattle are highest about May and lowest in December. The following charts show the normal cycle of monthly prices of horses, cows, beef cattle, hogs, sheep, and lambs, based upon average level of United States farm prices before the war: CEA ee as ee Te Te Gn ave ae eet Gat ek oe ee Ge g 4/00 y “250 main pea fee se be |i 11 Sauer emaae cee to aod alee oa eae AE = eae Be oa aa 497. Se a ee Cows—prices highestin April, lowestin December, a slight rise in October. 98911°—ysxK 1918———49 706 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. z PER? /00 LES Calv ears = two cyclesin the year; from highest prices in September prices decline until December, then advance again until March, and decline again to low point in May. oe foe es Oe ae ee A : ener eeec ese mece PEC 100 L485 Sheep—prices highest in April, lowest in November. Range 16 per cent from Zi to highest. Lambs—prices highest about May 1, lowest about November 1, Range 18 per cent from lowest to highest. Miscellaneous Agricultural Statistics. 707 Swine—a double cycle. Prices are highest in September and decline to lowestin December, then advance to April, and decline again (after spring farrowing) to June, after which they advance to September. Range from lowest to highest, 12 per cent. FOREIGN TRADE. TaBLE 308.— United States foreign trade in meat animals and meat products, 1904-1918. (The following tabulation gives in round numbers the domestic exports and imports of meat animals, meats, and meat products yearly since 1904. _Numbersofanimals are given in thousands (i.e.,000 omitted). Quantities of meats and fats are given in millions of pounds, i. e., 000,000 omitted.] [United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce.] | } Cattle. Sheep. | Swine. | Meats. | Fats and oils. ; Year ending June 30— , / Ex- Im- Ex- Im- Ex- Ex- | In- Ex- Im- ports. | ports. | ports. | ports. | ports. | ports. ports. | ports. | ports. Loy RRB SS eee eee 593 16 301 1,815 1 810 1 i ee eee ee eee 568 28 268 1,802 3 827 3 LU ee ee eee 584 29 143 2, 206 2) 1,061 2 Ly Se eee ae 423 32 135 1, 968 2 958 1 RMEet Ss assert ses: 3 349 92 101 1,828 2 912 1 ST eee ae ae 208 139 68 1, 484 4 767 4 RA pean SI oa coc eee an 139 196 45 1,037 11 523 8 AS ee Se ee ee 150 183 121 1, 193 9 687 6 EO SE SS BEES a ee 106 318 157 1, 356 11 766 5 Mee Sant eee 25 425 187 1, 196 15 695 10 LS &, eS eee ae 18 872 153 1,115 205 630 5 SOEs oe oserss -~ Saseacsssstess 5 539 47 1, 544 226 620 2 LL ES a es Se 21 439 52 1, 956 101 602 1 DUS Sa a ee te 13 375 59 1, 950 22 566 1 LOU, 2 eet Cea Spi pein 18 294 8 1,840 30 476 7 MILK PRODUCTION OF THE UNITED STATES. The production of milk in the United States during 1918 was about 4 per cent more than in 1917, according to reports made by crop reporters of the Bureau of Crop Estimates. he yield per cow is estimated to be 8.2 aoprts per day for 287 days ofthe year (equaling 588 gallons) in 1918, and 8 quarts for 285 days (570 gallons) in : To estimate the total production of milk, it is not proper to apply the above estimated yield per cow to the number of milk cows as reported by the Department of Agriculture, because this figure is based upon the Census classification, which includes some heifers not yet fresh. Making what seems to be proper allowance for this (applying yield per cow to 80 per cent of the total as reported by the Department of Agriculture) indications seem to be that the total production on farms in 1918 was about 11,044,000,000 gallons; and in 1917, about 10,629,000,000 gallons. These estimates do not include production of cows not on farms (i. e., those in towns and villages), which would add about 5 per cent to the estimates above for the total produc- tion of the United States. i a £ 8 : Ane’ = & : oor S : ony é a8 3 PCE EE os SUC PSE RMEP SER RUERACE MMB Se cas § PREECE Ce Pe ee F PLPEP LECT PETS EPP SEPP ETE eP TPS EH eee ‘reoX sed oy} Say1m0900 ‘ puvsnoq} Jod TF ‘sossojy 4Sey[Vus ot} ‘SOSS80] JO UOT]NUTUITP [ENpeIs B preao} AOUOPUD} B mead Sey a19q} pored ot} 3utmq “sivof XIS INOGE SLA OTMOPTde YOR Jo MOTIVINp OY} ‘FI-LTISI PUB ‘2-968T ‘Z-9S8T UT SuTEq syved sOyy ‘sormapyda daIY} 019M Valo} SIBEA CE ysed 84) UT ‘Jey ey} UT INO IysNOIq ele sjovy Zuryso10}ur OMT “a10joq IeeA oY} padinooo AT[enjoR IBOA TOV OJ WMOYS SOSSOT OY} JO Sour yey} os “yore yy UT Aare but jo savoA ore IBY ot]} Jo Suyjeqer aq} ‘seat ysed oy} Zuunp SoSS0[ 04 Jojod puv ‘ved Youve Youv yNOgG’ opvul OAV selIINbuy ‘suvod cg ysed oY} UT SSOY JD oSvasTp Aq sosso] JO pudl} ATJBOA OT} SEI¥Ig PazTU oY JoJ sMoYs oFed sry} WO WwYo ey, ‘ASVGSIG NOU ATUVAA SASSOT ANIMAS 708 Miscellaneous Agricultural Statistics. 709 MATERIALS USED IN BREWING. TABLE 309.— Materials used by brewers in the production of fermented liquors in the United States. [Office of Internal Revenue, Treasury Department.] Unit of July 1, 1915, July 1, 1916, | July 1, 1917, Material. nantit to June 30, to June 30, to June 30, q y- 1916. 1917. 1918. . Se eos Saueee ar Pee pametipgee periaee Bushels....... 57, 683, 970 81, 498, 959 36, 097, 096 TN ie Ee 2 ee eee Pounds....... 37, 451, 610 41, 958, 753 33, 481, 415 Soleo. Tp ae eo eS ee ee see eee do....:...| 141,249, 292 125, 632, 269 78, 942, 550 ge UT ee | ee dO Bec 650, 745, 703 666, 401, 619 459, 842, 338 Grapasweer or maltose... 2 ws foes oe sf ne 54, 934, 621 63, 213, 698 36, 723, 665 OES OF SITUD) 25050 due ees ew se . ote cess Gallons........ 2, 742, 854 6,557, 269 3, 495, 658 Cuin, DENS eee Pounds....... 109, 371, 482 193, 263, 640 66, 575, 282 ther materialist. 2205.26 2b.-dso--0~% Bushels....... 72, 355 180, 436 35, 296 “uh, Sl ELE Rae eerie Mite: Gallons....... 19, 112 16, 656 24, 109 gee 78 Barre Ee ee ses |, Pounds. 262-25 24,756, 974 15,573, 893 5, 491, 879 Total all items, estimated ......... Pounds....... 3, 004, 754,590 | 3,938, 987,318 | 1,909, 998, 457 HOP MOVEMENT AND CONSUMPTION. The total hop movement of the United States for the last 11 years is shown in the annexed table. The figures on the quantity consumed by brewers have been compiled from the records of the Treasury Depart- ment; exports and imports are as reported by the Department of Commerce. TaBLE 310.—Hop consumption and movement, 1908-1918. iste Exports. Total of wake rasp rewers’ et domes- eng Popes papa Imports tic move- : = . 1on an ment 30— Domestic. | Foreign. exports. Pounds. Founds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds 33, 481,415 | 3, 494,579 37, $23 | 37,013, 817 121,288 | 36, 892, 529 41,949,225 | 4, 874, 876 26,215 | 46,850, 316 236,849 | 46,613, 467 37, 451, 610 | 22, 409, 818 134,571 | 59,995,999 | 675,704 | 59,320,295 38, 839, 294 | 16, 210, 443 16, 94/ | 55,066,684 | 11,651,322 | 43,415,352 -| 43, 987, 623 | 24, 262, 896 30, 224 | 68,280,743 | 5,382,025] 62,898, 718 44, 237, 735 | 17,591, 195 35,859 | 61,864,789 | 8,494,144 | 53,370,845 -| 42, 436, 665 | 12, 190, 663 35, 869 | 54,663,197 | 2,991,195 | 51,672,072 -| 45, 068, 811 | 13, 104,774 17,974 | 58,191,559 | 8,557,531 | 49, 634,028 43, 293, 764 | 10, 589, 254 14,590 | 53,897,608 | 3,200,560 | 50, €97,048 40, 813, 804 | 10, 446, 884 26,197 | 51,286,885 | 7,386,574 | 43,900,311 42, 988, 257 | 22, 920, 480 94,631 | 56,003,368 | 8,493,265 | 57,510, 103 FARM PRICES. TABLE 311.—Turnips: Farm price, cents per bushei, 15th of month, 1912-1918. Date. 1918 1917 1916 1915 | 1914 1913 1912 88.4 78. 6 48. 6 49.2 56.8 a © 89.9 91.1 49. 6 51.1 60. 0 8 || Ane 79.6 76.4 68. 4 45.9 47.4 56.1 44.6 79.0 81.1 73.3 45.1 48.4 55.1 49.1 710 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. * TaBLeE 312.—Cabbage: Farm price, per 100 pounds, 15th of month, 1910-1918. — Date 1918 | 1917 1916 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 Jan. 16. 122: cic cbiepsiedn ann as $2.74 | $3.95] $1.17) $1.36) $1.87] $1.26] $1.89] $1.56 $1. 87 Feb. 16... 5 ..cdseasie. oie 3. 26 5. 65 1.21 1.41 2. 07 1.17 2. 24 - 48 2.05 Mar. 15. 2.0: shapers eanens 2. 86 6.77 1.38 1.38 2. 03 1.03 2. 88 1. 26 2.14 Ayr. 15. .<) .doshameeanaeaars 2. 98 7.61 1.50 1.99 2. 24 1.15 3.17 1.33 2. 29 May 10.52 Sci scodexkenscues 3. 23 7.53 1.93 2. 53 2.05 1.58 2.98 1.38 2.77 June IDL. 2 5. ee5 370, 426 503, 248 504, 927 499, 054 Other animal matter .........-.--.------+---- 4, 212, 584 4,629,143 4, 740, 560 5, 541, 214 Totalanimal matter............-.-..----- 26,659,735 | 29,944,598 | 30,473,161 31, 858, 146 Vegetable matter: Ti eae Se RY ee ae SUG. ESS ere Peer eee oe 5,012, 705 4,052,241 4, 212,062 3,552,222 Fruit.and vegetable... .. 2.2... sc2ceeene snows 17,898, 288 18, 192,083 17, 621, 285 17, 678, 958 le See Eee reer remeron one 53,446,686 | 57,686,165 | 55,684, 841 46, 372,019 Grain products— Co eee oes ere a eee 9,596,763 | 10,472,225 | 10,318,950 10, 065, 219 Other grain products.....-..........0..-. 8,036, 745 7,992, 496 8, 234, 081 8,413,089 Total grain and grain products......... 71, 080, 194 76, 150, 886 74, 237, 872 64, 850,327 CS eee Cone Re | eee OF ee 7, 649, 093 7,312, 879 7, 243, 164 8,314,485 at Re eee ee ee eae 3, 727,194 3, 917, 381 3, 762, 495 4, 235,353 EE RS Be SS eee 1,051, 648 1, 085, 843 1,016, 198 1,028, 771 Other vegetable matter.............-.-.------ 10,347, 913 8, 988, 002 9, 304, 818 9, 204, 495 Total vegetable matter...............-.-- 116, 767,035 | 119,699,295 | 117,397, 894 108, 864,611 Totalfarm products................-+-+++ 143,426,770 | 149,643,893 | 147,871,055 | 140,722, 757 OTHER FREIGHT. 0S eee: ae i ae 556,581,950 | 706,029,210 | 680,122,775 | 732,655, 519 UMUC UBIOLIOLORUS . oo nec ncocncecancaces-esceess 93,971,282 | 106, 856, 873 93, 819, 387 100, 838, 196 OS SE SS ne a Sas eave is? 132,410,447 | 182,916,449 | 185,024,643 | 188,795,813 All other (including all freight in less than car- Sn es Ne a te aan 76,013,494 | 92,776,482 | 95,162,207| 101,006, 438 Motaltennavecs ! 55352. Jesse i ses doen 1, 002, 403, 943 |1, 238, 222, 907 |1, 202, 000, 067 | 1, 264,018,723 1Compiled from reports of the Interstate Commerce Commission. Original shipments only, excluding freight received by each railway from connecting railways and other carriers. Figures exclude the nag tet small tonnage originating on railroads of class III (roads having operating revenues of less than - $1,000,000 a year), except that for the calendar years 1916 and 1917 only Class I roads are included (roads having annual operating revenues in excess of $1,000,000). 712 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. WAGON AND MOTOR TRUCK HAULS. TABLE 316.— Wagon and motor-truck hauls from farms to shipping points, 1906 and 1918. Cost of hauling per ton per ere Load. mate Item. Distance.| trips per ay. | | Corn.! | Wheat. | Cotton. Corn. United States: Miles. | Number. | Bushels. | Bushels. | Bales. Cents. Motor trucks, 1918. . 11.3 3.4 58 84 6.6 15 Wagons, 1918....... 9.0 1.2 39 56 3.6 33 Wagons, 1906....... 9.7 1.2 39 55 3.4 19 Geographic division.? New England: Motor trucks,1918.. 10.0 4.5 62 GO) | we cos Size ll Wagons, 1918.....- 7.2 1.8 38 ae 39 Wagons, 1906.....-. 7.2 Lol Wes Seal oc mentel bed nccap ane ae eee Middle Atiantic: Motor trucks,1918. . 12.2 3.4 69 18 jose eats ah 14 Wagons, 1918.....- 7.6 1.6 39 rib Reet net 39 Wagons, 1906....- 6.5 bo 41 ASN i. - seeeee 24 South Atiantic: Motor trucks,1918. . 9.8 4.0 45 57 6.0 19 Wagons, 1918..... 8.4 1.4 29 36 3.5 41 Wagons, 1906. -....- 9.9 2 35 42 3.1 28 North Central, east: | Motor trucks, i918. . 9.3 4.8 64 90) Zalbeegss W | Wagons, 1918...... 6.3 2.0 41 Wires i 29 Wagons, 1906...... 7.0 1.8 40 48 | osdu avec, 16 North Central, west: Mctor trucks,1918. . 10.1 3.8 j 54 4 sh. ocean ee ' 18 Wagons, 1918.....-. 7.9 1.5 42 Sid > ates seme 33 Wagons. 1906.....- 8.7 1.4 39 521). ae see 17 South Centra!, east: Motortrucks, i918. . 12.9 | 3.2 58 | 86 7.6 12 Wagons, 1918.....- 10.4 | 1.0 26 28 3.2 45 Wagons, 1906. ....- 1L1 i.0 29 37 3.0 24 South Central, west: : i Motortrucks, 1918. . 13.0 | 2.9 57 72 6.7 | 17 Wagons, 1918...... 1g | 1.0 26 46 3.8 45 Wagons, i906..... 12.6 | -9 29 38 3.8 22 Rocky Mountain: Motor trucks, 1918. . 21.0 1.2 48 YA et 36 Wagons, 1918.... | 20. 2 -4 46 66 tices ees 52 | Wagons, 1906....-- 16.8 oh 49 | 60 swesy dena 16 | Pacific: 1 Motor trucks, 1918. . 12.3 2.9 ee ee eee ee 20 | Wagons, 1918...... 11.2 14 71 | oh pe 2B Wagons, 1906...... TS a ‘5 | 76 | eae 28 1 Not shelled. 27The geographic divisions are—New Exgland: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Isiand, Connecticut; Middle Atlantic: New York, New Jersey, Pennsyivania; Souvn Atlantic: Delaware, Maryiand, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida; North Central east of tha Mississippi River: Ohio, Indiana, Illinsis, Michigan, Wisconsin;- North Central west of the Mississippi Kiver: Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas; South Central east ci the Mississippi River: Kentucky Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippl; South Central west of the Mississippi River: Louisiana, ‘Texas, Oklahoma Arkansas; Rocky Ms tain: Montana, id yoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utan, Nevada, Tsho; Pacific. Washington, Oregon, Cali- crnia. Miscellaneous Agricultural Statistics. 713 RURAL AND AGRICULTURAL POPULATION. TABLE 317.—Rural and agricultural population in various countries. F Population dependent upon Rural population. agriculture. Country. Per cent Per cent Year. | Number. aoeie Year. | Number. poe tion. tion. ~ (Usa tet Se ae 1910 | 49,348, 883 BORN 252 20k inca cencacad| teases een Rent: Austria =e 1900 | 13, 447,362 51.4 ungary : 1900 | 13,061,118 67.8 Tots) Austria-Hungary -..---22---2--|2.-42--- k 4 fk 1901 |191, 691, 731 65.1 1905 | 5,089, 301 76.6 Vol £3 1911 | 1,023,962 37.1 1900 | 1,555,357 57.3 , 715, 1891 | 17, 435,888 45.7 1907 | 17,089, 496 27.7 1900 854, 787 38.5 1890 | 3,458,996 1900 | 3,367, 199 | 62.1 1900 | 4,836,904! 81.2 |........ eee 1 biep eae eee ck Eee az 1897 | 7,266,428 78.2 RRO OND yng) Senso k at ok ale ae a0,|ae cee bek bees Saks OEE Soya | 1897 6, 361, 466 82.1 ee ie. S.9k... aah. ts.. Ieee eS a i Fe POE Nak 8 | 1897 | 5,302,850 56.4 fumed troper: 5. ..2..o.....:-cscecs., | SA 'y | RT 8 Sais 8D | 1397 | 69; 470; 360 74.3 THD. = 57s 5 mai ey ip ian Mac te bipi ap eee Wee aigeee pO ge 1897 | 4,448, 456 77.2 1 : | MDESIRENTIRAs. to cats. sie ce a. ll cet en | Phat, ae Ls sae / 1897 | 92,849, 5¢0 | 73.9 I ens, 2 eae es ea ae aye |e | Ie Sh fa / 1300 | 2,097,988 } 84.2 ER dis ei lee abi ial Rane eh Samat Meir SNInRtY | 1900 | 2'344612| 45.6 PRRs ie os arn a at vlad ee 1900 | 1,047,795 |. 31.6 | 1900 | 1,067, 965 | 32.2 United Kingdom: ' England and Wales...............---- 1911 7,907, 556 | 21.9 | See eee eke [rsreeceees i 714 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. TABLE 318.—Number of persons engaged in agriculture in various countries. é Country. Per cent Per cent sons © Number. all tions. Uniited States. .--.. iin = 10, 582, 039 35. 2 22.4 $2.5- UO On ee, Sonn eR er Peet! 636, 078 74.8 53.7 71.3 Argenting cwsdiwte oA 28s 318, 149 28.0 13.4 23.6 ARStPA Riise is 2eut sole ae 377, 626 29.5 HB AR 25.6 Austria-Hungary ..........-. 8,185, 250 58.5 70.3 63.0 Belpiuni-- 22a... -9 533, 665 23.6 17.6 21.9 Bovis ue lessees: a]? (NOOO eee 8 Sos] ee ee 2S. ee eee tee ce 43.5 British India............--: 63, 026, 365 67.3 | 27, 867, 210 66.5 67.1 British-North .Born6o..\.5..|- 190k s/scows etek | bas oe nse loca eevee] oe een eee 64.2 BrP ATIS ais we ve thrcemias ol oS 1905 895, 206 73.3 837, 406 94.9 82.4 Catiada. .. ub st aL 1901 707, 997 45.4 8,940 ‘Sed 39.9 Ceylon -\25 8s. sie ete 1901 745, 074 65. 0 65.4 65.1 (SEIIG sole teach. 25. BS 1907 448, 546 50.3 6.2 37.7 Guba. sou sdele itews so tanee 1907 364, 821 52.2 4.2 47.6 Cypruse~ sees s esse 1901 33, 611 62.8 20.8 54.5 Danmarin: #25855 5 3.da.ec6 1911 386, 016 45.7 28.5 40.3 bsebat oaeaee <3: Sacen 1907 2, 258, 005 67.2 33.3 65.6 Federated Malay States...-| 1901 115, 027 28.2 82.7 35.5 inland... case 4 seec. as ae4 1900 321, 538 51.4 39.6 48.0 HOTIMOSAS. PUP SA UES or da zes 1905 763, 456 70.6 82.4 73.3 IRTATIOQE SAE os eae a SIE 1906 5, 452, 392 41.9 43.2 42.4 Germany «sods s 52-5 1907 5, 146, 723 27.7 48.3 34.6 GrOGC0 2... wie waeeet aa Lee 1907 321, 120 47.3 12.2 44.6 Granada: 0 sac -2s0 ses. to - woe 1901 8, 816 57.1 49.7 53.4 RELY... aoks had. oti Hee 1901 6, 370, 277 57.9 60.5 58.8 SRGIAICa,. .@Sesoeoseps «4+ -k ve WUD | awoccnssctlsdswebsccd| svcscn secs belaeeeeewenen 66.1 Malta and Gozo............ 1901 10, 235 13.3 15.8 13.9 Moearitins:. 230.20 s2e60 25-25% 1901 72, 493 57.1 38.0 55.0 Netherlands: 2... 20s ss... 1899 490, 694 32.9 18.4 29.6 New Zealands. 3x2 a. .65-0 1911 103, 644 28.5 8.3 24.5 DIOP WAY = 2% dete d soe. 54.08 1910) \oc2~s 5.38022) seweanste slong stbs Gs het ear eeeeeee 33.4 Philippine Islands.-........- 1903 15163, 777 57.8 8.8 41.3 POLLO HOC s Hs ov lessens dect oe 1899 196, 893 73.3 3.9 62.8 POTURAL iter Gr Io Ftc eles 1900 1, 127, 268 65.3 52.0 61.4 Russia: In Europes. Jveonc detent 1897 | 13,808, 505 59.6 | 1,974,164 38.0 55.6 DY ASS ee oe oe cea aoe 1897 2, 092, 965 69. 2 105, 137 30.5 65.3 Votalc chit chek 1897 | 15,901,470 60.7 | 2,079,301 37.5 56.7 $90. LAIOIO theacice reno us thane 190K |] bu aces seeds ces calcach|s ae bees annie eee 54.1 Berbinis ss oiveu soos sek fet scte 1900 311, 700 65.5 13, 524 50.5 64.7 Sletra LeonGsec 05. suc cas caep 1901 8,705 28.7 4, 544 21.7 25.9 patito: eaded. Aish ate. ar 1900 | 3,741,730 58.1 775, 270 51.8 56.9 BWeden y. feccA Senne x «ack 1900 761, 016 52.4 333, 264 53.8 52.8 SWUZOTIANG 56. dececsscnes 1900 392, 971 37.1 80,326 16.1 30.4 Trinidad and Tobago....... 1901 51, 744 54.7 25, 765 39.3 48.4 Union of South Africa. ..... 1904 863, 223 56.3 847, 057 77.5 65.1 United Kingdom........... 1901 2,109, 812 16.3 152, 642 2.9 12.4 ee eee (EN, PRR MS) NPS ee Miscellaneous Agricultural Statistics. AGRICULTURAL LAND. 715 TABLE 319.—Total area and agricultural land in various countries. [As classified and reported by the International Institute of Agriculture.] Country. NORTH AMERICA. Waived stapes .)2. 2.2... /2.- Russia, European..........- )SUG) 7 A ea ae a ee United Kingdom: Great Britain........... ATBIBHOL fetch cele. ec. TET eaters o's 05.06 oa0,00% Unssis -ASiatic..2..'......... AFRICA. OCEANIA. 1910-11 1910 LACT ae a WWew AGRINNO. oo ccsc. tees ce Total, 36 countries... . | Peers et Total area. Acres. 1, 903, 269, 000 2,397, 082, 000 729, 575, 000 187, 145, 000 46, 189, 000 74, 132, 000 80, 272; 000 10, 211; 000 56, 802, 000 20, 350, 000 77, 152, 000 615, 695, 000 8, 858, 000 94) 495, 000 4, 028, 001; 000 124, 976, 000 229’ 390, 000 30, 888, 000 302; 827, 000 1, 903, 664, 000 66, 469, 000 “15, 071, 209, 000 |4, 591, 691, 000 Productive land.! Cultivated land.? Per cent Per cent Amount. of total Amount, of total area. area. Acres. Per cent. 878, 789, 000 2 63, 420, 000 2.6 3) 090, 000 3.2 8) 717, 000 30.8 537, 805, 000 73.7 15, 144, 000 8.1 40, 875, 000 88.5 69, 939, 000 94.3 26, 272, 000 35.4 77, 225,000 96.2 | 35,178,000 43.8 147, 164, 000 95.3 | 61,450,000 39.8 6, 443, 000 88.5| 3,582,000 49.2 18, 959, 000 79.6 8,574, 000 36.0 9) 078,000 94.3 | 6,376,000 66,2 Pies etapa ST) ee 3,875, 000 4.7 123, 642, 000 94.5 | 59; 124/000 45.2 126, 401; 000 94.6] 63,689,000 47.7 65, 164, 000 92.0] 33,815,000 47.7 616, 000 96. 4 300, 000 46.9 7, 258, 000 90.1] — 2,210;.000 27.4 22, 942, 000 28.7 1, 830, 000 2.3 17, 281, 000 78.5 , 777, 000 26. 2 24” 645, 000 76.6 | 14,829/.000 46.1 698, 902/ 000 54.7 | 245,755,000 19.2 6, 246, 000 52.3 | 2/534, 000 21.2 112, 665, 000 90. 4 41, 264, 000 33.1 65, 196, 000 58.9| 9,144” 000 8.3 7, 635, 000 74.8 605, 000 5.9 47, 737, 000 84.0] 14,587,000 25.7 18,789, 000 92.3 | 3,275,000 16 66, 526, 000 86.2] 17,862,000 23.2 465, 706, 000 75.6 | 264,858,000 43.0 1972" 000 22.3} — 1,884,000 91.3 74, 180, 000 78.5 17, 639, 000 18.7 715; 838; 000 17.8 | — 33/860;000 78 50, 846, 000 40.7 | 11,434,000 9.1 5, 486, 000 2.5 5, 457, 000 2.5 29 939" 000 72.0] — 6,919,000 224 3) 569, 000 1.2] 3,385,000 L1 119, 942, 000 6.3 14, 987, 000 8 57,310, 000 86.2 | 6,955,000 10.5 30. 5 1, 818,882, 000 8.7 1 Includes, besides cultivated land, also natural meadows and pastures, forests, wood lots, and lands devoted to cultivated trees and shrubs. 2 Includes fallow lands; also artificial grasslands. 3 The figure for “productive land” in Chile exc lands. ludes marshes, heaths, and productive but uncared-for 4 The figure for “cultivated land” in Switzerland excludes artificial meadows ond pastures. 716 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. NATIONAL FORESTS. TABLE 320.—National forests: Timber disposed of, quantity, price, and number of users, revenue under specified heads, and details of grazing privileges, years ended June 30, 1913 to 1918. [Reported by the Forest Service.] Year ended June 30— Item. ; 1913 1914 1915 1916 Tree timber given: Number of users....--.--- 38, 264 39, 466 40,040 42,055 Timber cut.....-.-- M ft... 121, 750 120,575 123, 259 119, 483 Values evince cessed dolls. . 191, 825 183, 223 206, 597 184, 715 Timber sales: NOM bo asus . cee eon tee 6,182 8, 303 10, 905 10, 840 Quantity. .......... Mft..| 2,137,311 | 1,540,084 | 1,093,589 906, 906 Price per thousand board feet (average)...-.-.dolls.. 2.01 2.30 2. 44 1.98 Grazing: : ‘ Number of permits.......-. 27, 466 28, 945 30, 610 33, 328 Kinds of stock— OAbiIOUc.~ os =~ bee No..| 1,455,922 | 1,508,639] 1,627,321 | 1,758,764 Gate. ccene-e~ es No.. 76, 898 58, 616 51, 409 43, 26: Horsists -0se.2<6- No.. 3,277 3, 381 2, 792 2,968 Horseas 20-S25~<2 2 No.. 97,919 108, 241 96, 933 98, 903 Sheep. os5.cc-. ob. No..! 7,790,953 | 7,560,186 | 7,232,276] 7,843, 205 Potal sa. eee Pe No..| 9,424,969 | 9,239,063 | 9,010,731 | 9,747,108 Special use and water-power | : Permits. Josh as< oeves No.. 5, 245 5,089 5,657 |~ 5, 251 Revenue: : From— | Timber sales... .dolls-. | 1,282,647 ; 1,243,195; 1,211,985} 1,367,111 | Timber settlements,! ; Ci fol 12, eee ee ae 36, 105 39,927 3,181 2,299 ; Timber trespass, dolls. 17,558 12, 981 7, 284 37, 712 Turpentine sales,? x CON oa a ee ay Meee free AK 15,372 | 8,915 14, 402 Fire trespass. . .dolls. - 5, 928 7,950 ~ 661 5,471 Occupancy trespass. ..|.........--.- Wc oe sh tb tehe ebebesncectiaae 405s en00] eu eee sae ; Special uses. . . .dolls. . 67, 278 68, 773 78, 691 85, 235 108, 329 119,979 Grazing fees....dolls..} 1,001,156 997,583 | 1,130,175 | 1,202,405 | 1,544,714 | #1, 702,585 Grazing trespass, CaN aTrs 2 .265 SS 6, 583 4,765 5, 818 7.810 5, O81 23, 532 Water power. . .dolls. 51, 235 47, 164 82,104 101,096 106, 389 93,975 Total revenue GOUarEs. . «se iesees 2, 467, &! 2,437,710 | 42,535,814 | 2,823,541 | 3,457,028 3,574, 930 i Incindes timber taken in the exercise of permits for rights oi way, development of power, etc. 2 Prior to 1914 receipts from sale of turpentine were included with timber sales. 3 Includes $296 from sale of live stock, 4 Refunds during year, $54,575. Miscellaneous Agricultural Statisties. 717 TaBLe 321.—Area of National forest lands, June 30, 1918. [Reported by the Forest Service.] | State and forest. Net area. || State and forest. Net area. } Alabama Acres. Idaho Acres rear’. om. Se" Se tsk shes 27,745 CUT 00 a ne ee 1, 055, 941 ees ee reno scsocrnecop tee 493,430 ka: Cor Si Baier a > Sallie 681,475 Chugach......-.-- 5 eee) ES Spee. 5, 417, 602 LTS Se ee ee 1, 258, 912 COINS et Sie saan Sines vip. ans ah own 15, 450, 657 VT Ue Fe Ae ee ee 735, 103 Say Ne) fied EE ee ee ee 662, 592 TT Se ee 20, 868, 259 CTA Tenth eee iy Ber ae 1,170, 801 . ——— Uh ie ie 2 8 se Sete” Pee 197, 476 : GH Soa oe na oman. paneer oe 1, 095, 924 (Ty 1 apes Aas Spe ee ee 1, 182, 163 LAG REED a te agg cape eet 509, LE) Sc SAED sede lie SE led 1, 651, 422 iit ais Di etek apes © are inn Bnet 1, 624, 562 Es es oe hg on oe mee 1, 306, 164 A See ES aes 831, 926 UTS EE a 87) 06 perm seyreniee =e nt ea ee oe 675, 536 Tf) ee Rae iE ph a at Bei 17, 680 PAR ns ee teen Sn Se 626, 421 Pa Ta SH ER Ae soe 1, 072, 339 pS POST rR Tid ag i aes Seiya 2 ope 1, 621, 250 pa ae ee peel 1, 433, 164 a hire ES SS ee Pa pela fe 1, 160, 101 UT) SESE ae a ee 657, 293 OTN pala ell ag oe i Be ea 1, 693, 711 SS Se ee ee eee 1, 993, 437 sUaselign San et ss Soc aes Sess wse 977.181 OO STE ae ae ea 1,611, 77 0 COS Se ai ah Lohr 562, 362 On Se Se a a ee a SB 11, 795, 541 SoG) fe Sed ea a ee 17, 686, 930 ‘kansas: Maine: eh Ti oe ee ees eee 626, 746 White Mountain ‘.-............--. 24, 994 NS RS ere 291,840] ———$——— PRM aan oe rete os oie ... ce. sues e eee: 455, 239 SS SE ey ba ore pes ae SonDOsUite Ste eee ye §81, 349 cS 2 a ae a eae ie RL rene ge Idaho-W yoming.....- Be tl Eo eR mre iy FE 1, 312, 662 SEL SR a ee ers Montana-South Dakota.................-.-.--| 171,408 TEN Pe eee | ean ee oth Oregon-Washington..................--.---<- 738, 938 2 TLE SS Sas Se ete epee teat eee South Dakota-Wyoming. ................:.--- 624, 855 EMT Bon ante a ols oases cla me miep sig a aol NUTSIE Ve VorerEaEe Sone fa oe ale te ee 981, 045 MIO IMOUMIAMM = 4.22 )/02n2c = 22. lado ss pies cole Maine-New Hampshire -..................-.--- 300, i YE Ak ae i et SP a ola Dee Seas Wirginiea—Wess, Vitemin.s. 2/22 .00.5. 62 100, 477 TABLE 322.—Grazing allowances for National forests, 1918. (Reported by the Forest Service. The symbols (+) or (—) indicate, respectively, that there was an _ increase or decrease in 1918 compared with 1917. The figures themselves refer to actual numbers of stock authorized in 1918.] H Number of stock authorized. Yearlong rates (cents). | ] Shee cane and Swine. Sheep and Cattle. | Horses.| Swine na orses. goats. goats. / / District 1: Jot pS is Spi ei ta ar i lg Au fale ob/ob — 92,100 68 | 85} 51 17 OS ee eee + 5,200 300 SYA eee ee eee! pean ae (ah Pears GW eS ee Se a a Sole Fy? 5" | ea ae Speed OOD or 2a ela ooee we lecc ae. cole ae 11 | cr a a eee a, fe, 47 DOO. cw a sawed LO QUOT hoon acl ans oweniaeeaeaete PMIEGRNOIAL = Sines oe 23d on v asa =--- meee 1) | epee ge + 25,000 60 Ren Seo ico sk oe 7 LA) | eee ae Pi 25, 000 68 DO MOSEIEAE SA es has afk sca a 7: el oe 25, 000 60 COL yrds Gal Ni FT Ta oft OL O00 IIS: Sue a2 Oe — 20,000 68 VT 2 agen hee aaa i a aie fon ee BOO, sae ets wea or ws, OOM ae aoe DTS Fal ales SE aR tes 1G O00L Tae acai GL G00i)- 525. oa" i CE To lle RE BESS ee eae pe 64; ODS aston bomeatg 5, 000 60 ot [LE a ek pe oe ala be pe he, GO WSs seen ok — 59,000 68 PISCE eee tats foe wes Sepicrg aft DOT AUO oe ores =! TAM [woes sc fir ui SS ta ae eee 4 24,260) 5. ook. —129, 700 |........ RIMES oy ES a Bid ara dean's nino se tt i jl pe + 12,000 60 CGE G4 ee aS ee =f." 2, BOO! |'.../co Deaee -+- 30,000 }........ CLEAN © ES 2 all a aes PAO, AO | o> «oc a aate + 43,500 68 LOLS Tie fo Se Be cee aang A DOU Ch oe ae O00} o-oo 2 TUE UTE ee a a se OL OUUuiy > see nap ae +141, 800 75 WoT US tip ole Ai CRS gee eo see Ey GOD) Vow nace oe we — 10,500 68 IS ir ys iW ie ay Re ee em a ee TG 9LO0S Ils 5 onc oo toek +100, 000 }........ TOMTMOTOIUIG 9 o:, do.- dee a Cattle and Sheep and Sheep horses. Swine. goats. Cattle. | Horses. Swine. , goats. a8 mss ee re ee ey SPS SES ee a ae ee ee dl Pe Sa District 2—Continued. ; Darang on 3 series S ee Se as ls + 12, G50. oes ds = "95, .000tesa bet eee sae ares pels. Gurinison ky wba eee ee pr ge ia OT ar ae BT, BOD cle uasid ot feuds aus vba slang abel PIERO Y tafe 2 oll Nn th eee +, 12, 100 | 0 es]. 22 a5 ole eae = ae ee Pe FIBVORn 4 ise I ese eee “SAO lases depp as 120, C00 forcsiae eee ees" daly ee SRG Y FOSS ane <5 schacbactececa ne + 14,970 |). ats 2 — 87, 900:)20 014.513. 5: f.. | ome eee EC VIOr Ae cee. cae anne ae T6000 Wh nu asen oe +105, 000 |: 2.22. |bc. ooo c| ae Mbdicivie Bow sos. 2h. 20 eo +e AO; SU0 IE 26 vets a + 57,100}. ....2. oo oe ere MeIGH ipa 2 es ae ene ee Fe iL, ADO Seah ed + 3,800}. 2.22 .2].2.50008 eens MAUIOSOURS - oo,5 cas ie cdoee es ae 2,000 |. -n2ee Jan oe oo sic] eo on toes See bate MIOHUOZU Tes Ses epee oe +. 35,500 |--.-..2--- “+ 51, 500125525 222} OF be ee Webraske tA AAV eS “F'14,000 shoes ee Jo] ede oe Ae 90 113 | “675 22.5 1h, Se ee eee a A +f. 19; G50) {so 5--¢2 72 + 21,000 68 85} 51 17 Rio Grandes:; 2S tsa ats IBD O20 «nce as +284, 000 |... 222) Se eee eee ROUGG Cte CU Ae + 33,200 |........-. “+119, 900 |. 222 2 ee eee San Iabelet 2.5 tteet Seek + 16,000} + -50°|4+> (18,9502). 5.22). es eee SCTE Cos ae ene aa ee RES + 13,320 | +1,000 |+. 102,900 |...-.-<-|--..... |). coco siee eee ee PHOSHONO US ASL ee eee a bs 225 eee eee + ° ‘73,300 |... ... |: Seco eee Sopris: >. Aw Sek os sO ee = 88 + 14,000" 22. cede. 5 + 53;500-l:. . 222g] 2ceoee Re eee WNCOMPahere. oeni8 - pe = 2 sss: ato" Oo, TO fees oh + ~ 60,500 |¢.. 2: ee eee Wreashtiie 2. occ nists ds oe pee A pa + 44,000). .:ssAccclaee leaner eee ee White Rivericscce. Ato cee AOAC Se) ere +. 88,000 |. 22 c/o ee eee +567, 275 | +3,550 |+1,590, 000 |........|...-...-J.-- Sere or PS District 3: Behe soe ek be 28 cece ee + 45,200] + 180/— _ 61,500 60 75 Oc ee a eee ere Saree + 10,800 | + 200 |— 155,350 |. .... |... Jo) ee ome CObninio Aas BSG ee cS 45, 006 250.1"! 94, O00: | ot. ects|Feee ee eee ee Coruna st. soccer can Soot eee + 45,100] + 200 |+ 7, 200 | bocce ht es eee CrOUI ws. ccnkasnnesaeaee~sed + 29,760 100 15950") 3.052 2 eee ; PatilerRc 224th ssesuccar sates + 53,600 225 |+ 147, 000 | siveza gles eee ; ASML as Gedo abe badd oad odeth ees | ~ 595000] +. 44014 13)100 )2220222200020000 : 1 Ce] a a Sain aly | + 30,000} +1,200;+ 23,100 |........|........ ‘ Meribands 2.222: cut hvex< vt sks +> 505800 | Solkecese + - 85; 000"). - <2 22 Perea Preseoth< 2.ui06.coctasic. coat | + 61,600; + 100|+ 68,500]........1.....2.. Santa-esn .3 spats we 5, 000 75 Pree Eee ae | + 28,550 100 39, 000 85 MUGTONE Bes Ue cy x errr Ne ee ep | 78, 000 85 Masitil:s-:<42.'soc0 see negomie se | Di; Sot is. 93i Sa + 152,100 94 Ue Ss RS er Re | —= 25,4004... odasee 77, 000 85 Nevads............--:c.chbs ose of “BNO | achcaen te I" “50,600 I daces.cfees MBIA mepye ; Pavetha tes ot: 0c. ss ok ees ae OF OO rte ase | 88, 000 Oo J Ls A i, PE OS AD bes enna + 75,000 85 OTT So ti dno ptt or nn cao Bines ae 1S, O00) os oe canbe 125, 000 |. acsessclecntesaninwee ebee ; Sawtoctue: Ws... << dees sacs +10, 500 |.......... |— 300, 000 | a BEVIN Jocevieweccect srw ene cows 11,500}; — 50) 113, 000 8& TARENAOS os ein dv sddaast ea oh BA 100 lewiieden tue + 234,000 |........]. satncheeee Savesleaawae oo * WHORES. 2 7st Se. us da Ga ie MONO 1s 25k Sob 20, 000 aeduv el dcnmmuegbtes ee sé ‘ TORY EO 2 hod pony edad cccmane och ae dale Tey LOY bs chs 0 be + = 24,000 shvawaleg : BMY oo pk cern cv de ameiena kit 535,900). os nc as ak — 195,000 On Wh Ss Py gs oe 18, 000". ctaessdus GD, 100:|: sc svccsiunseesee } Wy GIcubbss ban sen'v'unatiaenes ian + 13,750} — 500 |— 65,000 94 ‘ We FCG Fi bios deni cbieetees TE DUO) Wawa one tee 197, 000 85 4 —_——— 7 « +536, 287 | —1,650| 3,306,900 | s\cusmaaboya. RA tel j Ve er eee 4 % 1 Term applications previously a ved effective until expiration of period, 2 Term applications authorised. 7 Miscellaneous Agricultural Statistics. 721 TABLE 322.—Grazing allowances for National forests, 1918—Continued. | Number of stock authorized. | Yearlong rates (cents). | } Forest j : Shee pe Swine. on Cattle. | Horses.| Swine. ate i ; goats. District 5: ee ee ) MTN th ede Z lesa inte yao 75 94 | 56.25] 18.75 MeIOITIS oo os ste sete cans |} + 9,500; — 300 Da Petes sola ntok ot lens o2a4sl ones Eh Se ee eae ee ee isi 1, S00 et Ss PON Ce ey SEE aa SS eel (San Pepe SPSS 922. She sede os ie TA lO oa macte Ona. 21, 200 90 113 | 67.5 22.5 i eee (tte eA Oe eee Bee AS. ee sae Sees ara tses| pet Lo age saa ae See | — 10,000} + 800|+ 32,000 75 94 | 56.25 18.75 nil. 1h, pe OS ae a a ae | + 13,550 300 |+ 42,000 80 | 100; 60 20 MNES oe ou Sant eee wae ie cee (8 ee — 62,600 75 94) 56.25] 18.75 1 ich ah oa Ae ee ee oe | + 79,200 90 113} 67.5 | 22.5 Uyiai 7s 1 7 Se a SS Spee ae 1,300 400 2,000 80 100} 60 | 20 +. Sista Sas ES ee ie eae a + 15,500 |..........|+ 87,775 85 106 | 63.75 21.25 MemPe EAL DANE: C.-L 2. 5.-22 + 9,825 300 + 5, 000 80 100 | 60 20 (oot 1 a Seti lees a — 29,900} — 600/+ 19,809 90 113 | 67.5 22.5 Os 0 Ae ee eee ee + 11,700} — 200|+ 32,600 75 94 | 56.25 18. 75 Oe Re es ae eee + 21,200}; — 400/+ 86,300 90 113 | 67.5 22.5 oT A Ce oe ee ee ere — | DM fem AO Sen Ps ee od oases nc oS clon cc wuss ge Be ees ae ee = EO) as ere ee oe ee a Sees Dae nnn Miinibgee tet alt. o.oo 22-2 ec 13, 050 415 24, 100 70 88 | 17.5 +241,925 | —3,815 |+ 658,585 |........ See Boon Patt District 6: | wins s Pans Sy ont Cc 28a i RS ae Ee 0) ee + 27,000 80 100 20 OL NI GELS See Se ee ai TC A a + 35,000 75 94 18. 75 Wemetiais 22 22) a2. 2 es =" 41,300 [o2. 5.22252 — 15,600 80 100 20 Le eae Oe eee CAL ee 60, 000 75 94 18. 75 UES SS ee ee ee oe a asso ke ibe ot E114 Oe ee See (eee 28d De ee eee oy ea aoe fen 30; BOD PS Sees. gH cat | Te Oe ape: Rereeriptie se eS! ee Ad: OGa se. 2. Fe TC ily) hes SNRs ei 2 el lesen (IE aS _ 2 ae ie ee ee eee ars SE eee ep EAL OOO) 32h 2s 2 cpicaces 2 BRD PSTES IG Elin ih SEL OS Saree ee ere = 165 400I) 22. 2.588 reais DSCNS od Pee Sn Rese eel “Seis I La a ee ee -vlG; 20016... - ee) | eee Pie ea Beer See a WEnmoman D2. 2.25225 ea 15, BOO |e. 2. 2 + 100,000 |........ Boe BESS Sel ES LUT EEL 6) (ee oc ee el Re Pry 0 See Sd & eee de 1b ee Cee aie Seen eeeees eS Coe Ds 2 oe ee eee <9 S000: foes. =2..2 — 23,000 80 100 20 LP Sn tid 2= SS Sa ae ae Rdg OUD Pia. = oe cee EP 1.50, OOD) |Seze5.: ae ara BT ee (gt se 2 Peaniiine tt Ses 2. sl BMG Rk: ed ee 7 i ee feck ee 2 See ee 2S ee ee ee eee 4,100 1,000 4, 200 75 94 18. 75 Lost a SU ee ee =p A DOO Sess kee PALL C2 oe DPE A el earn (Gs te EEG ee SN TS cl Oey Smee + 7,200 80 100 20 (ec a ee + 10,200 |.......-.- + 60,000 75 o4 18. 75 (Ts Ce Se ER a Se Se a 1 Uy Cae oe Be 10, 000 80 100 20 (LLL ae Se ae oe eer ee ee NaS OE) fess 2 bees — 75,000 75 94 18.75 LELESTh 22 SERS: ane eee Eales tS ge | a er 5,000 80 100 20 So ES er + 13,100 |..........|+ 102,700 75 ot 18.75 Mwensictes: 2 =... 25222. ss. cee O50 teos8 2. ioe. 66, 000 80 100 20 RPE SIAN «nooo ont pan m cadens ee oe ee ee 105, 700 75 94 18. 75 2,300 | + Georgia......... Loe 8 31k 8! | + 1,500} + 500 500 125 170 | 78 39 Le Tf | 400 40 100 150 200, 90 45 Natural Bridge................. <1 EMS ne Peo epee Toi Se ie ee | ee IRSA S Are ee 8 28 | + 1,000 100 ih Se A 2 Cee LE ek ee ae See eee 710 560 re Pe a es ee fod Bee Bhoenaridoah:. 02822. 22 ye .s ks — 2,580 100 THO PS ee ee ele bcc TN a ee 5 eee ee ie 500 400 200) t; ores ee OF ee rr ae White Mountain....- 2222222222. OT ae RPP eee _ freee Cee ecind (AS gS SOD a oe PE 500 50 | 1 ag eee Eee: Bea Oe + 10,120 | + 2,450 |+ 3,180 |........)..2.22.-).2..0.. ee OU ee Be oe 1,852,999 | 50,535 | 8,521,308 }........).......; RES Ree sc TES Ea pe es ee 1,801,119 | 65,645 | 8,867,906 |........[....2... fn ARIE oe Ole ca oS «sk care oe 1, 983, 64,040 | 8, 737,025 |........]........ hg as Baia PRION oe PE reece os Sew ncee nie 008 tial, (68,0). 8,007, COD |< BAO, 100 |... «os ]2nnnccarbiep eeu slacenseue IEA OU k ao ois wed a ons 5 ody , 359, Cr CA ay 2 a cee, Seagal Reperesaee Increase or decrease in 1918 over 1917.) +239, 257 | — 2,995 |+ 537,682 |........). 2.2222 fice cele n ewes iv ’ 1 Term applications previously approved effective until expiration of period. 98911°—yBkK 1918——50 722 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. PASTURE LAND. TABLE 323.—Pasture land and its carrying capacity. The figures on acreage of pasture land on farms presented below were obtained from the agricultural — schedules collected by the Bureau of the Censusin 1910. The tabulation was made by the Office of Farm Management of the Department of Agriculture, in Bulletin 626 of the Department of Agriculture. relating to number of months in year the land is pastured and the potential coneeaag capacity, expressed in terms of head of cattle, are estimates, based upon estimates of county reporters of the Bureau of Crop Estimates. The value of feed obtained from pasture has not in the past’ been included in yearly statistics of crop values, although it aggregates over $1,000,000,000. pacity, Monthsin year Carrying ca Pasture land acreage, 1910. pastured, cattle per 100 ‘ State. 3 3 3|% i\% 5 3 ‘ .| 3518 | bao 3 5 3 a 2/8/81) 2) 2 zg & L: 5 e/AlElS|a|# |e lo MGs oS casue ce 1, 935, 123 323,965 | 1,007,776 603,382 | 5.5 | 5.9]5.515.5] 20] 31] 16 16 Wo Seinen 1, 211, 772 79,949 782, 227 349,596 | 5.7|5.8|5.7]5.7] 12] 18 8 ll Wer: Sere 2,274,161 376,328 951, 391 946,442 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2]}6.5] 20] 30] 19 15 Mass=2- occ 926,758 150,392 475,970 300,396 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 5.9 ]..... 20.| 25 [2 ae f 2 -Pyh S s 128, 704 39,734 59, 876 29,094 | 9.0| 9.0| 9.0} 9.0} 20] 25] 10 Connezc. sons 816, 153 173,030 377,051 266,072 | 6.1] 6.1] 5.5|6.2] 26] 33] 25 23 N. Y........-| 7,501,640 | 3,098,982 | 2,417,633 | 1,985,025 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 5.9} 5.9] 32] 40] 35 36 N.iscctew 433,188 225,770 101, 705 105,713 | 6.5 | 6.4|6.6|6.5| 35| 37) 25 35 Pacis. bs 4,350,126 | 1,798,923 | 1,612,309 938,894 | 5.71 5.7] 5.415.8] 30] 42] 28 35 Dole. 5432.88 103, 679 67, 463 15,475 20,741 | 6.0 | 6.0} 6.0 6.0] 35] 50] 25 32 pC ee ee 860, 450 497,133 234,054 129,263 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 7.1] 35} 50} 35 28 5 ee ee 4,428,410 | 2,385,360 | 1,544,914 498,136 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 6.0] 28] 38] 30 25 W. Velanansas 3,484,060 | 2,252,876 714, 584 516,600 | 6.5 | 6.9|]6.5| 6.3] 28] 35] 25 22 Wa Casnercees 2,056, 413 567,532 | 1,194,679 294,202 | 6.6 | 6.9|6.5| 6.5] 27] 43] 25 2: B, . Bins otouene 1, 286, 912 154, 452 953, 086 179,374 | 7.2 | 7.7|7.2|6.6] 30] 45) 25 20 Cee ees - 2,537,399 313,305 | 1,956, 233 267 861 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 7:1 | 6.7 | 33) (62 ieee 30 Ey | PS SAR ay 2 578, 742 51,034 410,765 116,943 | 8.7 | 7.8 |10.8| 9.2] 35] 45] 21 35 Ohio -.-..-045 7,973,822 | 4,536,624 | 2,284,829 | 1,152,369 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.7/6.5] 39] 50] 33 38 ga sts Ped See ye 5,686,469 | 2,551,771 | 2,418,642 716,056 | 6.5 | 6.5] 6.6) 6.3] 52] 65] 45 42 pH | (Rae ae ae a 7,636,546 | 4,081,506 | 2,550,782 | 1,004,258 | 6.6 | 6.6] 6.5 6.1] 48] 60) 43 40 MAG aaincisemae 5,333,751 | 1,362,743 | 2,424,930 | 1,546,078 | 6.2] 6.1] 6.2/6.2] 38] 40] 27 38 Wikscatacek® 7,775,602 | 1,699,127 | 4,171,617 1,904,858 |-6.0 | 6.2} 5.9| 5.9] 47] 60] 30 33 Minn... 25: Js 6,591,439 | 2,006,150 | 2,905,559 | 1,679,730 | 5.7 | 6.0] 5.6| 5.6] 40] 52) 32 35 ee See 10,655,616 | 6,271,197 | 2,630,007 1,754,412 | 5.9/6.1]6.1/5.8] 51] 60} 49 48 MGs o.sb aes 10,781,515 | 5,534,034 | 4,384, 280 863,201-| 6.7 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 6.5 | 40] 50] 38 32 Nii... pee oe 4,386, 286 | 1,635,384 350,998 | 2,399,904 | 5.5] 5.81 6.0) 5.5 | 29] 37] 20 18, i as Be 8,148,371 | 3,066,616 442,874 4,638,881 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 6.4 30] 41 27 30 Nebr... canes 16,398,680 | 4,552,087 | 1,282,722 | 10,563,871 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.5 40} 51 41 35 BODSccncueee 17,115,638 | 5,925,590 | 1,647,363 9,542,685 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.5 | 6.9] 31 41 30 30 Ky sean 5,810,535 | 3,828,564 | 1,388,619 593,352 | 6.5 | 6.7| 6.5 | 6.0] 39] 52] 40} 38 Terns. e/- «- 3,664,451 | 1,632,552 | 1,624,215 407,684 | 6.8 | 6.9|6.8|6.8| 50] 62] 40] 40 UU eS = ee 2,550,100 554,996 | 1,716,732 278,372 | 7.3] 7.6] 7.1| 7.0| 35] 50] 30 31 Miss Sse5- 22), 3,392, 156 882,199 | 2,026,533 483,424 | 7.6] 7.7] 7.6| 7.4] 35] 50] 30 30 ee 1,348, 664 479,152 677,964 191,548 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.5 | 9.1 45] 60] 45 32 Wekcadenesand 63,523,701 | 7,427,840 |30,698,745 | 25,397,116 | 9.4 | 8.6]9.8/| 9.6] 20] 33] 18 19 OMA cateasswe 10,013,450 | 2,581,390 |; 3,008, 187 4,423,873 | 7.2 | 7.2( 7.1] 7.4 | 30] 36] 25 25 Rt Rentcnsaves 1,716, 950 498,368 | 1,037,025 181,557 | 7.4] 7.5 | 7.41 7.5 | 33] 40) 29 30 C0 er 7,251,087 | 1,900,159 899,014 4,451,914 | 9.0 { 8.2] 7.8 11.5 | 138 | 25] 14 8 WwW yp avotepaeieh 5,337, 249 653, 167 583,977 | 4,100,105 | 6.2] 6.1] 5.2/6.4] 11] 30 8 7 OOMD; cvpoure 7,366,653 | 1,337,794 | 1,088,356 | 4,940,503 | 9.1] 8.2] 7.9/9.2] 13] 30 10 N. Mex......| 6,940,017 | 1,090,127 | 1,323,464 | 4,526,426 |10.0 |10.8 | 9.4/8.5] 10} 70 9 YN. aS ee ee 467, 677 77,353 102, 738 287,586 | 9.4] 9.81 9.5 | 9.0 ee 6 Widnes ptte ws 1,365,376 271,945 255, 241 838,190 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 5.9 | 6.5 22} 40 22 NOViszenennna 2, 264, 671 939, 973 255,555 1,069,143 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 6.5 | 7.0 9] 20 7 IOGNO c anatawn 1,272,604 271,348 375,418 625,838 | 6.9 | 7.0] 6.9} 6.0] 40] 60 25 WW SED src gaden 3,373, 864 390, 008 965,331 2,018,435 | 7.8 | 7.6] 7.4| 8.0] 20] 48 14 ONE Asks aces 5,347, 452 716,273 | 1,668, 467 2,962,712 | 7.0} 8.0] 8.0] 7.0] 14 25 10 Oeil canacac oO aX . o 5p > 8 = alt= = be alale alse sie lel sigislslalelelé Slaieytes FiPisisiele2isi2i/sisls 4/4/Al4 S67 AlalFlAlAlAlAlS/o;o IS Medoraneiacited ..------.----.2.--|---- 1 Vm fo? Sa} FCG ye eh, Spl fae eg (aes eel ee 48 50, lecadhc ot JNU Upact ot ih ie eae ss Dae (ae AT TAD) Secc | ate ol ogee ae ac) oc <2 [awe dam ]ad=el ean 60 Uw + OSS aaa Se 60 | 48 | 48 | 60 | 56 | 56 ].-.--]---- 14 | 20 | 50 | 48 40 |.- 60 | 08 Se eee GU TsBO’ | 2490] 160n1 GS: 124 2-loe | el A oes -| 0-48 [2-1 ol 60 [els 0 DRE ee See See (See [ara civ Kia pare iE toe 60; 14] °20°1 2 -) 56°] 2-2} 2-2 2 60 PAGS a2 a = eye on 60 | 44 | 48 | 60 1 Ye PAM a a 20 Ay eaetel plese : 60 Manyiandeee =: ---.---.-------—-..-- GO} BO) | 4S iGONl 2: 2) eee e 14 | 20 |. cy Geer! ee 60 WSO a ee [es 48 | 48 | 60 |..--| 56 | 58 |----]-.... 20 y Tiel Pegs) eet id Bc 60 MPPMIen et essen == .-2 sont eee <| 2 -- AS AS GO shee s2- |e cet ae oe [it | pees PE ae a | ---| 60 Lon cisa 231) 7) 208 SA Ss a i 60 | 50 | 48 | 60 El Eee pale! 5 iy ome ey el feta a bed ae 50] 60 Mississippi..........----------.---|----|---- + Rog aes ee et al 60 | 14} 20].-.--] 48 ].---|.--- ---| 60 Doli S85 Sa Se ee bee 48) [48-1160 | 56>) 22ac\eosci2t no 14 | 20 Bis ee Pe fe 60 NR oe a ait mint xe| cue < AS) a Oboe slates ae eed oboe 14 | 20 -| 52 ia bes) ee 60 2/5) f 3 A EE ee ae Se ee 60 | 48 | 48 | 60 | 56 | 56 }..--|.,--| 14] 20] 50 | 50|..--| 40 |- 60 i Vip, 1G 7 2A? 2 ee eS ae G0: 1 48" | 4S OOules onl oct 4-4 os ao SEN Te e100 1 oe: | ceed 60 New, pamipahirg........-.---...--|-.-« ATA Egg SRS) eae ees 58 | 60 |----| 20 4S"). =~ | 22 epee 60 vs fae yale SE ea ae a ba Thad Be eee Cai el IG) fe el (ok Dt se Feel pa Td tes Smee Brae 60 MO WEMORICO 3-0 -2----- 2-02 -5-c2-- CON ABTS [AGOilee cl] ecentee tele PAST eo OF foc aleatieeas 60 SONIDO ie Be ct aie wie oe = s.mowee |= -< 43 44 GOL | 2 | oe ae lated ee aloe a 7.1 pee he ay pet Bae Pe. 60 Pr ECHRONNS > otc. c--wen-- 60 | 48 | 48 | 60 | 30 |.---] 60 |- 14 | 20} 44] 50] 50}.-../ 50] 60 MronnerPinROtAs 45... .-.5:.--2.-2]..-- BO: tas (60 [ot ccten ec secs eee see OM SU Ae eine clea 60 Vee Bots SSR ee eee a AS TAS Oi eke chee ee eeeckee Lone spac el Pp dig pe eid Op pars 60 (0.45 i os 2 60" 145) 28 60a) ss =n) hn aleeecle = 44} 120s 48 | 528126 uh ten shtaes 60 (1S 5 am aa £5 eats PERLE 5 et ESE Sept 8 Sales Yr Peps alka Fee 60 Bout ha cin a a ae | 45 | va GOuh a: ae) eeadtee el see 14 | 20] 50 | 48] 50|.-.-| 50] 60 Tune din hE? A i oi i aes hee 4S! |"AS 760" | ote. teeleke 2 --] 2 << 7 ee bay To (eed Pi ---| 60 Bopmmenmoune. 92.2... --25 22) -2-- BOi,| Sn C00 1h80) | sbs- leer te eee 14 | 20| 42 | 50] 50|-..--| 50] 60 fh S Ul 077. a a a are 60° 148 |'48. 160] 60.) 2222/2 Leaf 14 | 20] 50} 52|...-| 40 |----| 60 (ost oG 2 A a ee ie! ee 60 | 548.1 (601 301-0 1st ool oes 14 | 20 | 42 | 50] 50]-.--| 50] 60 Lisi), 2 eee eee ek 20H (he: jal vial EP ba Sp > oe ty Le ae bt pepeseal be ad aly Pe! ---| 60 VG eis 2 oe Se ee Bees G0) |S | AS G0) | ee teten| ee cele tel or eclon~-|e ou 48 |....|..--| 50] 60 Viele) So eae eas C7 SE RTA TET 70 Be pe 14 | 20 To (ile al WY dal WET URISREEIEE ne ok a a cic wn ak nal ae.- = yas ake al Ab Sal ee oe | Se al eee ol a fae ee Dare 7 | NP Wea) me a VINE TPS oS a ee eae G0ii).48 0") OO ise bodes lero sere 141-90 67> bDipe. sclcoothes os 60 (WOU Sto Se a 601144548} One os) eal s | See 14 | 20 |....| 50 a BS ieee 60 1 Not defined. 724 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. ' =| mt oe = na Ww. ape ry 2 \os ov ie E |3eg Cs ie) ® 3 ag Ss sl2 lg og 3 | a ~~ > Be i tal ca Oo | ee! ES OO?) 0 ees Deed ed ee ed er) ed a?) ee) ee eg Maryland doe cewadeccenaceccencoes| €0:)| S6ile crc] seco) 48 loten| 200] os fees) esr eee Massachuseuts 24 solu. doses sea) -ee nO eeetoe se ce 2c 44 | 380: 132 POGt eee WiCiigsil: o Soe Sos aea dee da tase Say 70.| 56 |-.--]-<-| 60 ].c.-)- 5.[ 2-2) 40) |G) ee Minnesota sie sone ast ae ceees cae 10 | 00 fockebeeesbeece (ees es Bee : Mississippi. .....-.--.--+--02--.e- 72.) 56-|-.--]..--| 485) 32 |. .<.)| 22.1 =5 =] OOU) nal eee MASSOUD. = 32 2. Doct eeee east eee 70 |°86 |< cee) oe «=| (BO Oo) |e neel oe oleae Monae - 3-002 oo se occ cece cee S70. bG beh ant eon] OU cee ae ote ee paeies Webrachkhow: oh oe eo ees Cee ee 70) 1 5&1. 2020s leew ee ele ceel ae an eae MGvads. 355 i ek eee 70 |°5@ |---| 222) 48 | oc2-| 402) cool soe) OU New Hampshire...........--..<-|----| 56 |...-|----| 50 |-..-|..-.|....] 62°) 06 |-- 2.]22- {) ee hooas New Jersey ....------+---------+-|----| 56 |-.--]----]-.--]-2--]----]----]----] 5D [---2]-0. 4] Sead ee New. MOKICO=$ 242. son evecsbaeucce 70 | 561-70 | 56") 50°) 32 |. 5.21.2 [lee eet On peers Now. ¥ otk. 220s eee sccee ee soe oe ae] (oer tee] oan HO [aes - os =) G6! |. ee ee Worth Carolina. i 222k i cececk loos] GG 0 | oo. 2) 5521S 4a eee 57 North Dakotax.. co ciccccecdiesccc| 701] 56 |oes-|cee-foce spose i). Soo] se ope cena 52 OGnio Sos 3st. en reebaticawe ote 68), [66:49 [522 | Bile. sole cent ee eee Prey 56 Ob shonige= 2 22s5. Feces ons vod 70 1°56 | 202]cc-] BOUNS2 [2 22.) 22): es Giese 57 Oregon. oi. cc scecnccenecs set ses[-s-s| 06 |/-.c]-cee|> se] -n-|-2 00). b> 4|a¢e| onal ae ee Porntisy] Vaid sz = pasa ce eed s~ sal vee. |- san] s ses ROO Tee peal (Re EN ne 50 Fehode Weiland 4 0 156 eee tae on oes TOWOO: 22 \s eee oo.) 441 8051-0527 Guo See 50 South Carolina....... pT eee By fe (1) Pere Perel oe eee) SER a 56 South Dakota.....-. a eee 70) 1°66 | 701 56 GOs cede Ba tcees 57 Wenmnossee: .5 5. ae << Sincecenewcudls See DO | 20) bl sialoe aah eee poe enere ae eer! 56 => 0: Se nape ge ovcteccmceeweleece BG [iie.|l lectin cliGe, Pesos |< a Sele See 57 Vermont. octak cutee nue neces certs nee 32° 56) Baile tere ices Te ee 52 Wirpitia.. = dsdesctan- ececccvccceeciccee| DO [2.2.]. 22-148) :30 fos e-] coc) same One ene 57 Washington is bh wacwg eens sd tuea wesc (OG pubs <| Joni ae oe eee eee es ww West Virgitigc.<.. <5<.-/toaceem 68) 1 056) bese]. 2. . | AOR ee 55 YY ABOOUIBLIL © 3 Siavicows cows vcs utes oman UOU a bealeen a ie: 50 1 Not defined. Miscellaneous Agricultural Statistics. 725 TaBLe 324.—Commodities for which bushel weights have been established—Continued. -l¢ 5 a\2|. 3 | |al alg ae Me seme c| ae] 3 Sleligiu|a sags 13% 1 letsis|2 elel2l2lsle Sigl/2igl8lelsle oISiBlEelaia 3 o $ 5 = S 3 = p> |e =) = Ke o a Ya OO -= eslaelaelaelFele LTE SCE a ee SB is tBu OO 160 | acsheecc BO les cspsess oe a-|--e- 60 (ad Ne Setar le eae nen ie! ae! (en 60 60 | 55 P| ee Eee 55 60 NLS Se SS Ea Ee Sen eed pe oe eee 60 -| 60 | 50 SB pees inet inet 60 SPIRE te Sele ares C=. Cais pean tf sa of. gos [ess ]5 oe CDi Sebo pie se 57 60 nn 3 oR pe 2 ee ae es eee ee eee a ee ee Pa BS RL Pe 60 ti Epi cS Betas Son Seliatagte Sl ania Wg! (ay Ne 60 |----| 60 | 54 | 45 50 | 45 |---.]- ---|---- 60 UD, ee eee 54 | 22 | 55 |...-] 40 | 60 | 56 ]-.-. oonn[oee-[oa--f 64 |...) @ a ae Be ee ae eee ee 25 |.---] 60 |----| 60 | 55 | 43 45 |.---| 55 |----| 60 CPU ea. 25 Rees ee AB e es eocs 60 -| 60 | 50 |---- .| 451 561 55 |....] @ UN TE Te et sce FRE RA aR i i 48 | 20 | 58 | 60 |.---| 60 | 50 | 45 50 | 45 | 56] 55] 50) 6 Jit itt: ¢ ee Se ea ee MSN ee le DAS oats ace 60 | 50 | 45 45 | 60 | 55 | 50| 60 2 OL Se ee ee 48 | 22 | 45 | 60 | 48 | 60 | 50 45 | 50} 55] 50| 6 oon OS a ee 48 |----| 45 | 60 | 52 | 60} 50 -| 45 | 56] 55 | 50] 60 USSR 5 CRS AB SE eel ee 24-27] 60' |---| 60'| 55 A5'|--=-) Gin) “OD (ta. Soe eer ae 48 | 20 | 58 | 60 |.---| 60 | 54 | 44 Ci og ee eee ee 60 he ee ee eee 40 | 22 |...-| 60 |.---| 60 | 60 45 | 60 | 60 |----| 60 MIPPBREMMBOULS = 22 sko-scn2-=-- cn. soe 48 | 20 | 58 | 60 |----| GO| 54] 44 50 | 45 | 56] 55]---.| 60 Oo 2S ae ee nerd eee Pees boee 60 | 28 | 60 | 56 45 |. oe ee Minnesota......-------.-------------- 48 | 22 | 45 | 60 |.---| 60 | 55 45 | 50 | 55 | 50} 60 UU) Dae eee eee Pern 24 |.---| 60 -| 60 | 54 45}... 4) B08. tsoenp OD De EEG ec See ne a ae eee 48 48 | 60 60 | 56 45 | 45 | 42 |- 60 pL ps ALS ae See ee eee ee Sb GOi tees 2/1 G0 > 22-1 = 45°|---1;50"1--~<1 60 ME Bt is otra wa iaja nis one eo = = 48 | 22 | 45 | 60 | 48 | 60 | 50]-..-- -| 45 | 56; 551] 50] 60 USTED 3 acy Aes aaa eae rN be Seti 1 Pe! aC oY -| 45 | 56 | 56 |- 60 New Hampshire.........-. Sea i aoe 48 | 20 | 58 | 60 ]-.---| 60 | 54 ]---. 50 | 45 | 56 | 55 60 PURRICES 23S cane eels Sota ceck sips Oh A tee 1 eos OCs Ul es a ee Ee Og] ea ee Eee 60 RRINERNESID ES oss rales oe an ne AS-)) 92.1°48>) GO1--2=| 60!) 50 1---- aoce) 4D: SOF 56 60 RIM CNC nS onto sae Sw cc aee ot ofS ace) s <5 - 60'|.2-2) 60 154°)_--- 50:1 4D (pee ie nsf aee 60 MELE CANOUNS A is ston See a ctl cleo 50 | 22 | 56 | 60 | 64] 56 | 56) 45 .---| 45 | 56 | 50 | 50] 60 BONN ARGta onsen. o- =e S- = 2-22 -] 72 = =| see |= = 60 |----| 60 | 46 | 44 .| 45 60 |.---| 60 hu ee eee Sosa AS SR phe 60 | 50 | 60 | 50 }-.--- -| 45 | 56] 60} 50] 60 MRAANeMHe= 25.552 0.6. 55+. 2 Gare es 48 | 22 | 48 | 60 |..--] 60 | 55 45 | 45 | 42|...-| 60 ToT SES 5-5 eae ee eee peek ess PY) eee eee bo ee! es 3 Pee ee BS ee = See 60 Pe (EL ae oe SE 48 | 22 | 50 | 60 | 64 | 60 | 54] 45 50 | 45 | 60 | 60 | 50 | 60 eremereneiaricle 2.2 Sy boo 8 22 sel Sake AS font} ese 60 |.---| 60 | 54 50 | 45 | 56 | 50 }--. 60 Regn Caroling: i220. .o 2255-40-48 i... 50 | 23 | 36 | 60 | 64 | 60 | 50}- 45 | 56| 50 | 50] 60 RE AOGG 8's Seiapae oan eee 48 | 20 |.-..] 60 |-.--| 60 | 46 45 | 50] 55 | 50] 60 livia {ea Eee ees ae 50 | 23 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 60 | 50}. 45 | 56 | 50 | 50} 60 (PLS Ca OO ee eee ee iS Bee eo Bek) ee eee 60 | 55 |. 45 | 55 | 55 60 Vermont oe ee ee eee i 48 | 20 | 58 | 60 | 48 | 60 | 54]. 45 | 56 | 60 60 UND TU Sse ee eee ee ee eee 0 es ee 60 | 56 45 | 60 | 55 60 “UO Se eee eee See eee CO) Ceeee eer im ene) ope A ee RGR) Pi ee ee 60 LP Rds aS 11 Re See 60 |----] 60 | 50 |-..-.. eS er yt pc 60 (UST ES 2 Se oe 48 48 | 60 -| 60 | 54 | 45 50 | 45 | 56 | 42 60 : z 1 Not defined. - é ’ - % i4 7 * A 4 y + ea Abi i? ipo na) anne LA * ‘ dowtoy yom way edt ed INDEX. Page, meece aber, use in making binder Gwine. 2J. 2... 22.0. occ c cece cc cnccccccccaee 359 ONES Se | eee 175, 176 Accounts, cotton warehouse, importance, suggestions See A ek Be eee 426-427 Accredited- herd, plan in tuberculosis eradication article, by J. A. Kiernan.... 215-220 Acetone, demand for war uses, and wood used in making lnk dasa ain reArate Sig 321-322 Acids, use in soft drink, composition Te a aa re 120 Africa, NC COMBO TNONOR goog oo ois en baw rs ag wyial Swow ap tens ‘yaa ak 362 Agava— cantala, growing in Philippines, fiber quality, etc ..........-.-.....-... 363 fourcroydes. See Henequen. sisalana. See Sisal. Agents, county, need of knowledge of MERE CUUMIEIONE ©. 2. ce evens op neue 325-326 Agricultural— Advisory Committee, National, personnel RU Wiig iene seis are

see aamemee 443-726 Apple— acreage, commercial, regional distribution, map ............--..........-- 370 Albemarle Pippin, same as the Yellow Newton..........-.......-.------ 372 Baldwin, growing commercially, localities, etc...............----.----- 371, 373 Ben Davis, growing commercially, localities, ‘ete... 2. Us. 2.7 372, 373 early, production and kinds.::-.: 2. 2.-.2265520....20)) 2: er 689 exportations to England, importance..............-sss0<..=:-- +5550 372 industry— commercial, in the United States............2--.s000i.4 sees eee 367-378 future; hopeful outlook.....:....:... [5.22522 seee~as 4s eee 376-377 production, commercial, by States and regions, table................--.. 378 Spitzenburg, growing commercially, localities, etc.....................--. 375 Winesap, growing commercially, localities, etc........-...--.-----+-+-- 372, 373 ti Newton, growing commercially, localities, etc................-- 372, 375 Apples— Baldwin New England belt, commercial production...........-.-.- SUPE 371 bushel weights... 260..2525 535 53s 252552220 SS 723, 726 exports— statistics: 222. 2.00... 3s ee ee ee eer 639, 645, 656 prices on farm, 1910-1918. .-.. 0.2225. 22002022 OOS So Soe 547 production— commercial, by States, and by regions................-.2-csseeeem 545-548 increasing importance... =. - 2.522552. 00505020 5. CO 367-369 varieties grown commercially, notes... .:...2......022 222 ee 370-376 varieties, production, by States. ........0..72/2 U0. 2 ae 2) 548 Apricots, exports, statistics. 2002.25.22 UL Sa 639, 656 Arable land— area-and location.:::...:css20cecssttsaccdede i deend 25 a gene 433-441 total and classes... 25222 2.2202 52555 Foe 2 shore iat een 438 Argols, importa, statistics :-:-..2....- 02/2270 a ao a 629, 643, 647 Arizona, Forests, National, area..:.........526..-.2.. 0000 300 717 Arkansas— apple growing, localities, varieties, and production ..........-...-- 370, 373, 378 Cypress Creek drainage district, acreage. ...............+.....seenseeeeem 140 Forests, National, area.......: f eesacgendeesas Jb ass Ue falyg Ash lumber, value.and uses. ...:....6.ss0ceccseccddeadadeaunn AL 318, 320-321 Asses, numbers in world countries... ...........¢.s0+0-5=s00u ee penn 587-591 Associations, community poultry breeding, article by J. W. Kinghorne...... 109-114 ATKINSON, JAmeEs, article on “Government market reports on live stock and MOA” 22. occ c ce ccc cdo edcacdwwsdaaa Duan ase eee eee 379-398 Back, E. A., article on ‘‘ How weevils get into beans”’...................+-- 327-334 Bacon, imports, statistics. ........6600sesscccesccusssscwcnwh eee see 628, 651 Bag limits, game birds...........02.ceedecesceswcnccuss= ss 5 supe nn 311 Baker, O. E., and H. M. Srrona, article on ‘Arable land in the United States... cise see cce ces ecccasesdveteeswesdees buen sits satan nntn 433-441 Jananas, imports, statistics... 2. ..ccscee scence cunnslnceueuauaenneenne 631, 651, 663 Banks, aid in dairy work,iGrove City, Pa... ... 065. sssceceuuuuean eeeeem 157-159 Barberries, description. ..g......-sssepenndcsvsssswebueuc lees aun 89, 90, 91 Barberry— and related plants, lish. ..........cc0cevcesesdsescnsesctnans supe 91 and the black stem rust, article by E. C. Stakman..............-+.+.2-+ 75-100 common— eradication for control of black stem rust..............ssscseeccuues 88-100 origin, distribution, and spread....... ce wuee cue OUUUOLUUSS CUD dwarf, description, OtC 2.2.2 2.0c5cecceesecnesveesucees uses eee annE 89 eradication— GiPGctionS. .....cccccccavscvsdwvedeeccsctdvicned ewes es 0aNtnnn——————E 100 Index. 729 Barberry—Continued. Page. host of black stem rust, manner of infection................. 80, 81, 82, 84, 94-98 Japanese, description, resistance to black stem rust...............--.. 89-91, 98 HEV CUICCECS. CARCI AMINES seule facie asia 3 Stes aa Swe eiedece ences ses 93 species and varieties harmful and harmless, descriptions.................. 89-91 Barley— acreage— ene praductioM 1OLO-1918 si sseeduedan ee JL2 SU e peel ee eee oeeeal ks te! production and farm value, by States, 1918.. WAL SS, eee production and farm value, revised, 1879, and 1889-1909............. 486 production, value, exports, etc. , 1849- 1918... PM BL et AeA. S86 Pano WEE itd en — 2 oc JO ee tO UL Oe hie che eee Pe eS BA 723-725 Gondition on first of month, 1897-1918... ......:.2--.-..20)..4-.-22.-.-2-., 487 mauauniption by countries, 1902~19TL 2.20. Fk lhe it keel eee. 684 EPRICE HUET. TUB Us ss oie tien swe cL Pee 2d. ee 75, 76 exports— and imports, 1911-1913, 1916-1917, by countries.............-.-.-.-. 489 SULTS ok See i ee Re ae ie eS Se a ee 63! price on farm first of months, 1909-1918..........-.-..-----+-+--+-----+-- 488 prices on principal markets, npiscieret Dig dodo. aster. 90. AL 488 statistics, ac reage, yield, v alues, prices; experts,.cigt! 2.2000 ..Vieb.! 482-489 trade international, 1911- 13, BORN Tso or oe cent cts SE oa 489 world’s area and production, RGEC TOTES 220 ts. US a ate sed 20S 482-484 yield, prices Dec. 1 and values, by States..................--- SEF WAS St 487 Bean weevils— life cycle, description and illustrations.................-...----.--- 329-831, 334 plates, description GOREIG AS Ses 2 LS es SSR Se cd 4 LO Be 334 Beans— Beresze, production and distribution -../...-.1222-- 6.5/2 S202) 688 bushel weights BOAN Sie FLOR aS ea OLS SE aS 723 exports, statistics Bere a SES emt ee eee Fe EES TEDL eae 64] er INS PERE aA 56920 tart a Siena eG cen de aot ee ose SES tee 634, 643 ipa 6 A) FR ge a AD ELE Pa pe ee 558 seed— growing, localities, acreage, yield, production, and consumption. 204, 206, 207 weevil detection by RIGS AS S89 Sone Fad. nrnad «BOL .... 827, 331-333 statistics, acreage, production, and-prices..2/F: ©. 21. eRe. Lees 556-559 weevil infestation, explanation, article by+k:.° A. Backs... 0. 22 Naseee. o. 327-334 _ world crop, Metta s: ted aoc hence BRIA SUE Ll 556-557 Beans. See also Castor. Beef— futue, prices cycle, graphic showing, +...’ .<- 5.2. s. wel en ee 706 exports, RTA oo Hck et Reet eke imnn oie rd ere OS 636, 644, 654 a Ue she ee ae ee Ne oe ne oO MGS SBS eae 628 Prenuenms, tnCTeane HitCe LON 25a 758 l Oe 5 a 13,16 trade conditions, receipts, and prices, December, 1918.............-.--- 381-383 Beeswax exports, VARIN So rer a On g a Mee Us Sl sed. 635 PMC HIRMIHRICHE Ae ce rae bt ak geeied Ld ates OU DOL ts 627, 648 Beets— ET Baoan et Sule lsc to Sata coe Case eee Ran eu te REL 726 garden, seed growing, localities, acreage, yield, production, and consump- ACRE e etek t Renee TOP a echo pas, tat OE A rt hare ete eee gee. 2s 200) 206, 207 su acreage and production, 1916-1918, analyses, etc........ 565-566, 572-573, 575 seed growing, localities, acreage, yield, production, and consump- LEE ERIN er eet ae Ay acme aus a wee ee eee oan BURA S OT Heear MEDONE, BINtISHCS. 202022. k ss. 2 ee Ss SE a Os 5 633 Belgium, rabbit-2rowing iidonery, extents a. Svs. JL.) Te apse 146, 149 Belgian hare. See Hare; Rabbit. Berberis spp. descriptions, aie comparisons... 2... 552.096 eee len oe BEG See also Barberry. Breear, H. Bow.ins) article on ‘‘The old and the new in corn culture” ...... 123-136 Binder twine— fibers, sisal and henequen, article by H. T. Edwards..............-.... ¢ 357-366 See also Twine. Biological Survey, enforcement of Migratory-hird Act... ...............-- 315-316 730 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. Birds— game— Page. bag limits and export restrictionSs.......,...)- <:)-.«:«)-5=4ss—sdsie vase = aaa 311 FATMUNE. .. 2... ow enc nn ao cae ou ws san s= = 9 oes SEMA PES een 313-314 © traffic restrictions... scwris- wapmein tela hehe bo bemech eee ee 310, 311, 313 injurious, Control . . ......-. 0. -2+e scene een ese n en een sno nes nae steeeee 314-315 migratory— conservation, future outlook .........-2.- 2/8 Gl) - peste eee 316 food value and economic importance «...< - 2. noi. sis +0 ie oe ee law of 1913, and its repeal in 1918. 2... 22. ..2:..62 -00n 5 5 <= se 5-306 open seasons, general conditions..........-....----+-----. 304-305, 311-312 protection, Federal, article by George A. Lawyer. ..-.-.-..--..----- 1 sale prohibition . . ... 2. -260.+.2-nsdiet- os «-siem wise es Be enn 313 treaty act, provisions and regulations... .....2.--.<60+ssseneaeuue 308-313 treaty, adoption and terms..........---:----ss«sse49. ses 307-308 unprotected by treaty, list .............2..0-+s00ns= «= 0s 307 protection, State laws, conditions. .............2. bot. behets 303-305, 309-310 Bituminous road materials, demands for and control of.........-......-..---- 56, 57 Blue-grass seed, bushel weights —....... 2525.05 00. set nsices ta doe meeee 723 Bobolink, rice destruction, control, and use restrictions... ..............---- 315 Bollworm, pink, control Work... -i)<:<.sjsi= 632 Bread making, rye and wheat, comparison. ...........----.--+--+.+++--+. 171-172 Breadstuffa, exports, statistics. .......-...-..-----2---+-<--5 =. =n 639 Breed, poultry, selection for community work.........---------------- 109-110, 111 Breeders, cattle, in favor of accrediting herds..............----------+---- 217-218 Breeds— rabbit, description. ....---..-..-e2ccs---00- ss «esses te e 148-150 sheep, per cent of flocks, by States... <2. % si --.<<)-4-1--5+ ----5900 =e 617 Brewing, materials used. - . ... ..:5- 5. - 0 00 nde a0. ou s)el as iee cies 709 Bristles, imports, statistics... .----.---- 2-26. 000de erence es cue eneeee nnn 628 Broom corn— exports, Statisthes... -. 2 ssa e ay - os enn ne ene aoe wo sac eee 637 prices on farm, 1910-1918 . . - 22... = 19.4 oisisinis aid nono sins aisle 561 seed, bushel weight...........-5- 2. --e2e--se ee ce-s~5 es on = = een 723 statistics, acreage, production, value, and prices..........---.---.----«+: 561 Brown, Ratpu H., article on ‘‘The farmer and Federal grain supervision”. 335-346 Buckwheat— acreage— production and farm value, by States. ..............--s-eseesceesen 497 production and farm value, revised, 1879 and 1889-1909. .........-.- 497 bushel. weights ..... << 0:6 5 o.0 denne een 606-607 statistics, prices, exports, imports, and market receipts. .............-. 606-608 Index. 731 Page. Butter-fat production, relation to feed and cost of feed.........-..--.-------- 160 REMMI, PEORIA 1 GRITY INGMAIEY< (igci= btn as owsee vie ave beens serecceres 155, 166 Buttonwood, use by Indians in corn growing ............--------0---eceeee 129 By-products, creamery, value in dairy industry...............---+--++-+-- 155, 166 Cabbage— ERS RUE ELON Diao aise howe an Soe gilt cima cclewssau'svccccacuned 710 seed growing, localities, acreage, yield, production, and consumption 202, 206, 207 Pabinet woods, imports, statistics.....2:.--.-------ss2----- nee ee ee eee ee ee 630, 665 Caches, use in storing corn, Indian practices...............--2-sseeee--ees 130, 132 California— apple growing, localities, varieties, and production..............--- 370, 375, 378 MErRHIN Ail atetee 2 at on ces on cine = boas aa eia is witdas fuiemid weds @ = 717 nee ETGOMICIION BAC DILCCE aoc a 0 a's clan aie saw oe ao Sia wn newadnselespee 551 Calves— NE LORETO. £07 TOOW oi. oie 3 nota te pore w Apis ea saws dies eee - edaee 30 EMITS SEEN RUQWAGU, 8 ous ake Kass gb eewin wise ods o + evades 706 EIRENE TA MIAN oa wie oo on fc es Soe eine danse sdbecsassuns 630, 650 Canada— ELISE oak one <2 vn vo no Se em or enn nee estas’ nde aes 99 Mmeaiy ior protection of migratory birds. ..:2- -.2< 2.22 snee cee cese-secee 307, 308 Cane, sugar, acreage and production, 1911-1918. ........:.......-.--.-.--- 567, 574 EMITENT IS CPAMICHIION. WOLK’ ‘~ 0.. » « - wb where n'y ad ow 120, 121 (arpon dioxid gas, use In bottled soft drinks............--.s+2+-------4-2-% 119, 121 Carrot, seed growing, localities, acreage, yield, production, and consumption.. 200, 206, 207 cl Se Ti PA gpl ina al tl ae a ee A AP? 726 Cars, disinfection in pink bollworm quarantine. ..........:---.--------+--+- 40-41 SEER LIAO a a's oe oh pent wae thd Sasi en's b is eae « 634 Castor beans— NIIP RE aare)fo sae Sos SI PO Sees on 2 SEC ~ ana cededeee 726 METIS TIHUIER: 5/02. 2.2 2. 2 ot) herp teatae Maas tags cyt oe + che RE. RE ee 633 Cattle— accredited-herd plan in tuberculosis eradication, article by J. A. Kiernan. 215-220 ex ports— PTC e CAC OS OL Gn sa tee artelot. cr SS OAIUT | Sauce sure aoe ots - 601 208 CIT ep pee eae Dale RE Ee eee ee 635-644, 654 grazing, EIRENE: MRMRRRT Pet eee ie cree eo aid ce A's oe Seb h ewan a oo 2 we 29 erds, accrediting, methods and rules. 2........... 2.2. 2h-c5- eee eeee 215-217 Hereford, prices and demand in England, 1918..............-.---.....-. 289 Holstein-Friesian, Soldiers’ Home, D. C., accredited herd...............- 219 imports— ome AIO. Value, L8IS-1GLS, oo oa oa on ao 5 cpretigie bate nated aide «< 601 REATRENED oie =e ime en oy wins hE SM UME © wae: BRR ws thee Se 627, 660 loan companics, organization, officials, and usefulness.........-.... 101-102, 107 loans— and their value to investors, article by Charles 8S. Cole............. 101-108 PoaisCOUNLnY ANd sALePUaTGING, . .. . . 2 i)... 3: een ainleutie sie aes oder 105-10: movement from Texas drouth-striken areas...............---..--+--.--0-5- 25 number— RM CRTITOLPIOH on no thee we on wc once so ans oe 5 oe ee 587-591 DUPER Gen LOL Gey sua feet ease = «ne diye mim ae eee Ae 13, 15 proportion to population, 1900-1919. ........ 2.22... cnn ecu dswecveces 290 slaughtered for food..... attic pana tsb edne s 5. -> mie. Gent eckie meena sate 30 prices— init cOts 1 OLG—-Meligemen ete ciclc sae. cnc. i Use aele eke ts 604 Onatmns lOO -Lolpewes pentose... 4c ess. = 6 OTR Ls Seems eee ot ee OUR receipts at stockyards, December, 1917 and 1918..............------++-- 394-397 emits GONMIPON ia. fens doe anes ack enc oe eee se eae ee 28 Euzpmenis, reporta, Dec LO OG se. oe - . - on ns wae oo enn see ee Seas 384-387 statistics, number, value, prices, exports, and imports...........--.---- 601-605 tick, eradication, progress, and recommendation.........-..---.---------- 26,72 See also Bull; Calves; Cows. 732 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. Celery—_ growing on reclaimed marsh lands, note.............2 2.02 ..02. <8. 21 as 3} seed growing, localities, acreage, yield, production, and chapel ei 200, 506, 2 Cereals— ; acreage and production, 1910-19182... i. 222.2 /. T2e0 bee 12, 13, 1 consumption in selected countries, 1902-1911................--....-.-...- 684 See also Barley; Grain; Oats; W heat. Cheese— cottage— an old dish, rediscovery, article by Herbert P. Davis.............. 269-276 farm campaign i eT ere ae PM 270, 273-274 MIGNU. 252 oo sce Sa sce cones ctwa tgs csduead ou ete ao eee nnn palatability... J8 220 Eber 269, 272, 274,275 profits in dairy industry ....-.... 20.0555 .24/sag set a 155, 166 publications, list... -. 0.2. 2s6.5222.2.2-: 70 Se 276 use a8 meat substitute... ....-.. 2. SS osc t eee ik 272, 274, 275 Dutch. See Cheese, cottage. exports— and imports... 25... 6 sees cso sss ese ssees aes isle 611 StatHstiCs. .- ee new ede wanes nto cae oben sla 635, 644 importa, statistics... 0.25524. cee a fas aoe See 627, 647, 651, 660 statistics, exports and imports, 1909-1917..........-.--.........7.22) as 6i1 Chemistry Bureau, cooperation with War Department, etc...........-...-.--- Chestnut wood, demand for tanning ai gc cecece etna e at oe eee ee 320 Chicago live- stock market reports, Apr. 1, 1919¢..- 2.1...) . 4s ee 389-390 Chickens— farm prices, 1914-1919... .....2.+.26.22..2-.. 70) 72200) 710 prices, 1909-1918....2. 2255.5. 220.2 ALLE. 2 612 White Wyandotte, breeding success, Christian County, Ky.............. 110-111 Chicle'imports, statistics. ..::........0sf2902 J..5. See oe 630 Cholera, hog— control, article by O. B. Hess............-5 00. se 22 522 eae pele control work....-...--2 -cccocee+is2sss2éseeees ie )hap glenn 26-27, 72 decrease under work of veterinarians............--...-..22 2.02 J221 20s 191-194 Cities, response to demand for farm labor.......:......:-.-+-------+-+5sseeeeeem Citrus canker, eradication work .....-- sk 5-%= 4<- 31s osleete ee City— markets, preferences, and fancy products................-2222-ee seen 280, 282 source of farm labor objections to farms. ..........>'.....— eee 347-348 Clearing, lands after drainage, costliness.............--.-.--+-+.-122cecees 140-142 Clov ory rel prices on farm, 1914—1918........ .-.-/..-. 212. aee oe 526 seed, prices, 1907-1918, effect of the war...-..........-.-.----ss-s-s-- 211 send — acreage, production, and value by States.................----2.220% 527 - bushel weights. ..........2... 62.2) obs 0h 4 SIS 723 exports, statistics: . 2.05. .2.s2.02025. 120 22 Oe 641 farm price, 1910-1918... . 2... - - <0 +s «mrp 5 see ee 527 imports, statistics. ......5.5.2..582.250)5+.c6esue 6 eee 633 prices in principal markets, 1913-1918.....................2. 2.00. 528-529 Clubs— boys’ and girls’— cottage cheese, work-2.00 5. 00000) S220 Sr a 274 dairy cattle, design and results.......00 SUSI ee 163 rabbit growing, work... - . as /0l2s0 Po 2 a ae ee 152 Cocoa— exports, statistics. . Be . 6. ..7...s sae usl wea ol siolidvado 248-250 Cooperative extension work, State officers.................2...2..-0.2222000- 446 Sa OrIae MigtiennCs oS. Le. 4 ested ud aiwote. youn bet en bk 63 Eres Binketes sto. tk. oe een oe Se. rk AL 632 eee wood of park,-imports, statistics.............-.200 0. eles el seek ols 629 m— acreage— Rirprmcmre, £000 1OEG 2... cs ..cu sete os. -o == 022 22 ss 12,14 grown by Indians in colonial days, references...................... 123,128 production and farm value by States, 1917 and 1918................ 451-452 production and farm value, revised, 1879, 1889-1909.................. 452 production, value, exports, etc., 1849-1918... .......22..2.22.... 450-451 adaptability and variations in responding to selection.................... 35 belt, thrashing ring, article by J. C. Rundles..............2.20........ 247-268 breeding, variations and adaptability to conditions...................... 135 broom. See Broom corn. DEERE e806 42.2 aaa ain so SO ts A ds ce 344, 724 RC Eg (1 0s [a 675 uemenon. by months, 1898—-191s..: et. See: sedeteulo ws. esto te i. 457 Eomsumption by countries, 1902-1911... 2... 2-2. e ee eek 684 crop— oe Sie yale ia propos Wars. el Sis fs ae a ok 135-136 aT Rg ot eg Ay cr te Fae 674 Varian yearly. craplic ghowitigw 2.7). 25. Joon Sse 690 culture, the old and the new, article by H. Howard Biggar............. 123-136 exports— and imports, 1909-1913, 1916, 1917, by countries..................... 457 eR Nee Pg Sr SG oe PSL See Looe eee MYL 639, 645, 657 ame peeces, rst of months, 1900-1919.... 2.522. 22. 2 ici Sele lei eens 457 foods, preparation, Indian methods.....1.......220. 02220022000 cece ee ee 130-131 es— omeraiisigiton, 20052623 200 Acs... eee sd eg Peat yb 37 LC PR de feGhs Sant cu. +n sa’ UT ULE LES SOE ee as bids . OS co's 675 growing— sue tsed, Old and new methods..........02 /2GLPwedeee ot. be. 123-136 early history in America, and primitive customs........... 123-130, 131-132 westward movement, and live-stock industry ...................... 132-134 harvesting of the crop, methods with percentages, by States.............. 673 mente SMa PS tA 2 Lo. Winn a e's d a Gua Oa eevee 631, 652 kinds, percentages in crops of 1917 and 1918................22.222ceceeuee 672 marketings monthly by farmers, 1913-1918...............2.-.22---eeeeee 676 origin, and value to early colonists in America. ...................---- 123-125 planting, primitive methods, tools, etc..............-..2.2ceeecececeee 127-129 pany, erces.om term, T9ISAOIS seis. oe ne ca enuWaudiugeudeecccsns 678 734 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. Corn—Continued. prices— Page. comparison with prices of hogs. .< .-.. ssds sets Sos5 See eee 678 on principal markets, 1913-1918............----.+---+-+-+-+-2-20- 455-456 sk a a and distribution, United States, 1897-1918..................-- 453, seed— selection and storing, Indian practices.............--------- -- 129-130, 132 testing methods, primitive.................0....---2+--scsums = shelled, standards tabulated.........<.0.00-s- icmebead 434-435 IMRAN 8.6 Ste oS a se ote ee ve o\2E ele Son ds Hep am 45 grain, statistics, Sate tS er book aan tLe ke . OM bese 449-506 Es oe a a, oo ee, | Se ee 507-586 planting— a ee ee ae eee eee 17-18 viewpoint of growers, effect on supply... ...-.--.-.--------+------- 278 ced 2 nex numpers, 1900-1918. oo... soe. - wen amd bind a Sm miele 701 production per man and per acre, by countries.........---.-.----------- 693 sales time of farmers for principal Step lela Bace-tee ondes One nn 311 Exports— agricultural, statlaGics, ...:.sescdscnudsnvacnees 635-641, 642-646, 649-650, wee barley and malt, DY COUNUTICS... 6. 2.00unis cn siswins canines Sree ahha ne ret cotton, by countries, 1900-1917... 00-2006 00encsse ans ss opel een onde 538 cottonseed oil, by countries, 1900-1917... «cccavexcies nessa eeene venne ch eee meat and meatfood products, certification. ..................+e0008 ws le potatoes, 1911-1917... sen-0senascosseeedusparonceuce aun wa ee AS Index. 737 Exports—Continued. Page. rice, by countries, 1909-1918, 1916-1917 . ....................2ce cece eee 506 seed, 1914-1918, effects of RESIN Rs ieee 195-197 sugar, hAbIRUGE: {52.55 see ene so let ratio is a aya ew a Se ee 570 COO, Dy COUMLIGN, LOR EIURT Deeetws se eee esi ee ek eee de esl eee 544 Extension service, cooperative 3 a a re 21-23, 71 Factories, sugar, beet and cane, statistics.....................-........ 566, 572-574 Farm— ne electricity requirements for light and power ............ 222-225, 236-238 abor— ee ...- 695-696 Bett Were UL OCUBTEMIPNY. 05.2.5 0.2 ek ete cee ees eaess eek 49-50 an— ee eteerers Hitt FOSUMA CS... bos ce oe Sob als 222.2. 69-60, 66 Board, operations, beneficial to farmers.........................-- 61 62, 66 ipans, aid to settlement of farm Jands............-...225.20.2200220..04.- 66 ownership, conditions, encouragement......................--.-.------- 65-66 NM) OS is 765.4 wis dvhip oe aiken nue BODE D a. Rote got. 2 oad 709-710 products— OR ae rt eee Pn er ce a re: fe 671 exports and imports, values, 1916-1918 ........................... 642-643 Purine peceuinaiion, 1910-1918 sn ee ee baie de eet 654-660 freight, tonnage by rail, Bee UU 5 ce odbc ce = oR wn ca oe 711 imported from specified countries, 1910-1918, statistics............. 651-652 imports, 1910-1918, with countries Of Cripibasdenes: golto. sstiaadeg 660-665 shipments to and from Hawaii and Porto Rico........-......-..---- 653 values estimated on farm prices, 1879-1918.........-..-.--.--------- 671 ull a) 7Riu3G NEVE] PO yey ee ae a ROR ae tog Sh Bey OMe en ERLE sheen Say 671 PMV ema tiOn LO OWHRETAIIDE 6 ood. oo Sie etic e else been sci oee.e 65-66 woodlands and the war, article by Henry S. Graves. ..............---- 317-326 workers, houses for, article fe eo MicUsriiak......3..0445-\. « ek bie tte 347-356 Farmer— benefits of Federal grain supervision, article by Ralph H. Brown....... 335-346 Mee eerebige tn pLeaIHS CIBCuUseION (1) LL). awe icsesas sacs sc tecige ee ede 235 Farmers— food production increase, work, 1917, 1918...........-...2...2-24s---6-0- 11-16 in drouth areas, seed loans applications, and amount. .............-...-- 48 market service offices at shipping points, location— EE BPIRCHS ATLICIOS.. <5 ¢5:-/-- de MROHE - eR S we LG ans cd dnok snot May 694 EET E MPMI? SYSE CINE (5. 25m as Big wo a A NOES ers teed So Smelter at lce’s 693 secs nitrate supply by Markets Bureau. .......-...-..... 2sede eee Se 24, 54-55 Farming— MIE AIT OOPCAROCO 5 3c cna mia « «00 ARR oe Ob ee clldcaet ides ci et pwn ain 63 I oe ood an a 2 oA ~~ a a Oe OF bee: SE atrakt akdeas «4 313-314 muprovement, public agencies: )<s55565 =e 687 statistics, acreage, yield, valuesand prices....-.--.-.-....-----+-------- 499-502 world’sacreage and production, 1915-1917........-.....-..------------ 499-500 Flaxseed— acreage, production— farm values, by States, 1918. . 2.5.5... c2 2220. SOU SRS a ee 501 value and condition, 1849-1918.......-.. joe's wold Saabs SOUS See 500 condition first of months, 1902-1918. . ..........0-..00 208 Ooo 500 farm price first of months, 1909-1918.........-.-...---- 2202. os. Dee eee 501 imports, statistics.........----. 222-2025 bse SUL. 2 a 633 oil cake, exports, statistics......--...-.--.---++---- +++ 222s seen eee eee 640 prices on principal markets, 1913-1918..........-.--------------+--+--+-+++-+ 502 yield, price, Dec. 1, and value by States............---.-------------0: 501 Fietcuer, ©. C., article on ‘‘Home mixing of fertilizers” -............----- 185-190 Florida— » citrus canker, prevalence and control work.-.......---.-------------------- 43 Forest, National, area... . 2... ..cee ce eeee ene et ll. SUL) eee 717 oranges, production and prices. ........-----.----.++- +++ 220s eee eee eee eee 551 Southern, sisal industry, introduction problems... .........--.----------- 365 Flour— exports, statistics. ...... 0088) secs ces secede edes lies. ee SUES eo ee 639, 645 imports, statistics. ........ 00sec cede ewe we ese ewe ees cnnsceseuss seen nee 631 prices on principal markets, 1913-1918. .............-.-++-+++---+-+---+5: 471 wheat, mixture with rye in bread making. .........-.-..--.---.----- 171,188 Forcer, J. ©., article on “‘The commercial apple industry in the Uni Sh A ee PP 367-378 Food— allowance cards, England and France. .......---.------+++++++++-++-++ 291 conservation by making cottage cheese.........---.-.----.+.+ 270-271, 274, 275 increase of staple crops, five year averages since 1866. ........-.-----.--- 440 production, increase— Methods. «insu vvecVucsoveewcse ce msaens ne he = ace eee plans for 1919........-. tee coc's'se cdweweswwees se ewowse sy een 17-19 work of farmers, 1917, 1918. . 2... ..2 sce ee ces een cece ececuiewsesusne 11-16 products, inspection-service work, 1918... .......+----+<++++++0++eeeee* 35-36 supply of United States and world, problem... .. ...ssscsesobnsesuueuene 357 | 7 ee ee LE ee a Index. 739 Food—Continued. value— Page. and composition of bottled soft drinks... ..............22......-- 115-122 et on 1 LSP RASS os ES oa a ie 269-271, 273-274, 275 Foods— earn, preparation, Indian metmomsre 300.0). ee 130-131 ure, Army and Navy, work of Animal Industry Bureau. .............. 31 SS aS 672 Foot-and-mouth disease, need of complete eradication. ............... 241-242, 243 Porcussis COD, IMIpOrtaNce TO. producer. . 22.60.22 e ee ee eee ee ee eee 277-278 Foreign trade. See Exports; Trade; etc. ne RUN MIRGE EMER UTOS SSS UL SOS SI. TCU re ce See c ce cewees 189-190 Forest— conditions, knowledge needed by county agents... ..........--------- 325-326 Denman COSb ANG IMetOGS..0 4.7 sls5- Ss SA 50. Oia ile. ee 57-58 mementina Wmnhed MbalLess le. Jos. PSS TA esse ces ee 436, 438 products— exports and imports, values, 1916-1918 ........-....- 637-638, 643, 650-651 ye Ss 637-638, 643, 650, 659-660 Taro MA OMEoo AIL ee. sre ese: oo 1245 RRS, Oe ideale 2 boeeed n. 649 MeperinOULMBtICH.. CUuuUEL Pau ods tvs soso spel 629-631, 643, 650-651 DPeUEMTLIL Ge MINCE Masao) St. 2 UL trl Wits Aol we Lie eee 317-326 Service, cooperation with Navy Department, etc... ........---.-------- 23-24 Forests— National— mae IOLG IY tabeR. |e’. Lo oe ens cece SOLE. -eioeuscs 717-718 extending into two States, list with areas. ..............------.---+-- 719 auewanees “1988. qohioihls Jee oven os si. Lim oan Lees 719 meed or roads, walls, etc... fire.control.... 2 s2ides cus duck subisedé.e 58 ranges, utilization for live-stock grazing. ..........-.-..----------- 29-30 GEnMen Lan eked + prices, etCe Her puleeer!: PLease eas le 716-721 Masago arable-land conditions. > Jl). -.--... twee. --3e.. -beae ns 434 ce— eee a mnCH tags! Me wR OE 20 Le es abi Sa bc ae awe eo 98, 99 live-stock conditions and losses during war.......-..----------------- 296-298 Peete, relation to-arable-land conditions. . .. 20... ..0-l08 Jss-- 2. eee ee eee 435 Frozen meats, stocks reported, Dec. 1, 1917, and Dec. 1, 1918. .........-.-- 392-393 Fruit and vegetables, freight tonnage by rail, 1915-1917 ....................- 711 Fruits— EL a i SE ae 22 ee 639, 643, 656 EES Sige pO en ee mes Tee Sees 631, 643, 663 market-news service, branch offices, etc. ......-----.------- 32, 280, 281, 286-288 MC TONGE RINGO PIL. 0 5 dein aan sin ce = oe ona ne west ee we 15 weights of PRA ME ities, is Pee Sa ahi hoe 726 Fuel— Administration, cooperation in supply of road materials. ..............-- 56, 57 NEUROTIC SSDOEIBACO «2 won ons ce ee mnmnks Canes bee nee baiou. Ss 322-323 ’ Fumigation, cars, in pink bollworm quarantine. . .............-.--....------ 40-41 Fungus, cause of black stem rust, description and life history... ..........-- 78-82 Pett, Hiahszaton and value... ......... bust melt sede es sees 151 Game birds. See Birds. TS Co Pere a ae 189 Gardens and grounds for iaborers’ cottages on the farm.................-..- 355-356 Gelatin. amiporis, statistics... .......2.5...2.-.-- 30 OUSRO B ett ee toss /ne 628 Georgia, hog-cholera control work, important results.................-.-.---- 192 Germany— ES rn Pes erg 98 rabbit production for meat, 1911............--------++ +e sees cece eee eee 146 waenerabbits, varioties, description. is. 0252... ...-. 222. es sas. eee 148-149 SEE EMTS STIGELOM es 2008 oc a cue HOKU. 20.» sled le eb wok as 639, 643 Girls’ club work, dairy cattle, design and results ............-.-- shin eA 163 Glucose— aamie PUnIntICR Ue aut soar eek ta 2.6 2.) ae on sere ae 639, 643, 645, 656 ocd Ob noo vdan ese LOOK (i. Seo. «sa ine ehke cee 709 Glue, imports, statistics............ LS eee. 628 Goats, numbers— At WERTCSCOUTIUFIOS. foes cre tcn a epay sn. Sy ehinih = 5x ey heat ere 587-591 slaughtered for food........ a re tt 31 740 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. Grades— Page; corn, determination 29-30 Grease, exports, statistichy.... i. nese ee ceccarcwsinnasics #0 kes ote anne 636 Great Britain— importation of rabbit meat, 1910, value. ......-......-.--..---2se-se2eeee 146 live-stock conditions, 1909-1918, "losses, Ot. aii sini sued. SOR . 293-295 treaty for protection of migratory birds........-......5.ceneuleaaen 307, Green manure, rye, value... ........s.sessbesodistincese second ssheeh sass eee 177-178 Greene, Joun B., citation on riparian rights.................02s0ee+eeeeenee Guernsey Breeders’ Association, Grove City, Pa...........s essen eee 162 Gulf States, citrus canker, eradication work........---.2-.a«.0eeeseneee” 43 Gums, imports, statistics. .............- 20. -2 ++ 222s cece eee eee eeees 630, 643, 650-651 Gun, size allowed in hunting migratory birds................-.-..«.«- 6icadee Oe ——————— a ee eee a ee ee eee eee Se Hair— Page. epOris SOULIGtCR si. 2- 2 cop qemee Ha kina Mead aicic on\e' v « dinlaciaee.cosWale 636 Lane e initio: Ce eee 3 ae: Eee 628 Ilare, Belgian— oom an-1500, sproad ONG decline. Je. 70s baw aw see see eee ee cee cas 147 OP tie (eT ES eae ee 149-150 OE UD Wry Cliteen en ame pe sb eu itso biaiaines lees nee ee eee sees 49-50 Harvesting machines, demand for binder twine.................-.......... 358-359 Hawaii— ' Banmeetrar production, LOLS—1018 | i252. cin laila cblawoded ss e ese c eens 567 shipments to and from United States, 1916-1918, statistics. .............. 653 es Islands, Sisal industry, progress and problems............-......- 364-365 ay— acreage— production and farm value, by States, 1918. .................-...... 521 production and farm value, revised, 1879, 1889-1909............-....- 521 production, value, exports, etc., 1849-1918........................... 520 alfalfa and prairie, prices on farm, 1914-1918..................-.--.------ 526 mpemeeniires. by Minttedy.. oi. pad-25.2.. 202. scene ee eee ee 686 orem variation yearly, graphic showing......-:....--......--.0.-.e.eseee 690 IRENE orc oe we Mn wince WR eae Jat 639, 643 ommmmcnmare, Dy Fadl, JOI6-1917... 2... ow ee ewe eens beniens 711 Tag Be He Nee «SI on maiew'd ep ess abs 631, 643 market-news service, biweekly statements..............-..-------------- 33-34 peace on farms first, of months, 1909—1918....-....5....-.-. 246-8 ees lees 523 Pee Om-principal markets, 1913-1918... 24.2... ooedewse see eve secs 524 mmmatemacecredse Ince. VOLE. wo ao ee sw ok se wie wie n= ax Sweets ene 15 Statistics, acreage, yield, value, prices, exports, etc.......-.....--.----- 520-526 eee LU BN a a eel AG Gh edad Sebo gen 523 timothy and clover, prices on farm, 1914-1918.......................----- 526 wild, salt and prairie, average production and value, by States...........- 525 Serve, price. Dec, Land value, by Statesufs 22... sanenc cee es oc dbiweceee ae 522 Health— Public Service, aid in promotion of rural health.................-.--... 73 RINNE SSRI EE yt a i is Nae niolg 2 ice ss 2 sie - soos Qe 72-73 SS Cinco pc i a ee ne a eee 629, 647 Henequen— binder-twine fiber, and sisal, article by H. T. Edwards. ............... 357-366 SET oe Se es ae nen re rs 362 fiber, percentage of worlds’ binder twine. ...........-..................-- 359 penwitie-at LJ nited, States territory :. <2. 5 46 2... 2 dace lees webs aes 363 lant, growing, localities, and requirements............................ 360-362 Herds— accredited, official lists, issue and revision....................-2-------- 217 cattle, accrediting, methods and rules................5.-.2.....2----- 215-217 Hess, O. B., article on ‘‘ Less cholera, more hogs”................0.------- 191-194 ET WONG USER. ce sok. Biss ee ak were SSS a inetd ween 318-321 Hides— and leather, freight tonnage by rail, 1915-1917........................... 711 tis, UIST. os he ene ees Sold sma gad Serge Rah Rah dey aie bes «aes 591, 636 ME ICIS. on eet baw Lint bee coeliac 591-592, 628, 649, 661 statistics, exports and imports, 1909-1917 ..............-.2...-......-. 591-592 See also Skins. Highway Council, United States, organization and work..................... 56-57 Highways, construction work, and cooperation of Highways Council.......... 55-57 Hill, corn planting method in use among Indians.-.....................-..... 128 re euoltera, control, article(by»O: |B. Hess... - 25.00. ork’. ss Qaeda Ue. 191-194 ogs— Speen RNS Citi AE IRC TONITE a ina vin bi wan a bee cniw td Sees apie bile dee 275 gnoculation for cholera control, extent ....<.. 2.226.060... dees sees 26-27, 192 losses— cree EN COTE EE CHORD no bin ow po pe uaa tnee awh sates 191-194 from disease yearly, graphic showing ...................0---ee.0--5- 708 in European countries during war...................----- 293, 294, 296, 297 number— Rie RGM ONGN CMe Ee ss sc... come keke ee abe 587-591 CON CE CL LUCS RS ES pot, oe, ee a a a ner or ee (eee ean 13, 15 POI SIE ANOS SPINS Mn Gia ihre aio vis as \'s on nc cwsswassdeiscuseetlen 3l 742 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. Hogs—Continued. Page. ts a ee ee ht 622-625 prices cycle, graphic showing. -....- 6.2.2. /esserwed dans lol WORE 707 production increase by cholera-control work................-.+.--.-+-- 191-194 receipts at stockyards, December, 1917 and 1918....................... 394-397 shipments, reporta, Dec. 19, 1918.5....05 2.2282 eee sees ewww 384-387 statistics, number, value, and prices .......... 2.0. T)s./.0).. 10 2 622-625 Holstein-Friesian Bull Association, Grove City, methods and work............ 161 Home— : conveniences for laborers’ houses on farms. ................--.-..-- 348-352, 355 farm, electricity requirements for light and power............. 222-225, 236-238 mixing of fertilizers, article by C. C. Fletcher.....................-... 185-190 Homemade electric power plant... .. 22072220. i ood coe os 2 237-238 Hominy, preparation, Indian method.................6.0s6000secseeesen en ~ 131 Honey— exports, statistics. 28 Se. Ay on 00s ev ae vos Ce 635 imports,istatistics: 22s ee - Fete. BV 628 Hopi corn-planting method, description..................22..2020s ee eeeseeee 127 Hops— exports— ; and imports, 1909-1917... 02. ee etn eee eee « 556 stadisten so 2. de eouesek 2 Hoc e Sebi sw. Seo Slee ae 639, 643, 646, 657 imporis, statistics... ....5. 22. oy. Sik RNa een tee e 2 0 631, 647 movement and consumption, 1908-1918.........-.-............--.-.----- 709 prices, 1913-1918. ......1...-5s00cee sols. ol SI 554 statistics, acreage, production, value, exports and imports.............- 552-556 Use In: DIO WINE. 22334 vi = oe Je eh ee eee eee el UO 709 world crop, statistics ... 0260.0 68. os UE So 2 552-553 Horseflesh, use to supplement beef... ..... 2.2 sence e olds. ese eee Pcs 146 Horsepower available from stream flow, calculating.................--.---- 232-235 Horses— exports, statisticges e...80.. 2-202 SU SSR UN 635, 654 farm, weights, by States..........2..--55-26.6--00 00s 06 oes een 704 feed and bedding, rye, use~........5.0 5-2-0 2.sJ d. e 180, 182 imports— and exports, 1893-1918 . . . 1. 2s... oceead sha 2. 601 statistics. osc - eke wes SF a SR a 2 ee = we 627 influenza, Ccontrolia...0.00Ssseno. 0008 AL oe leis 28 . number— hi and value.on farms, 1867-1919. ..../.. 22.2... Luss. 22 6 in-world countries. .......2. ~--<-..0:0~2'. Sa Sas 587-591 on farms,:1910-1918. .........3.2 290s. 2g.28 Se Se ee ee 13, 15 per plow, by States............. 62-2 -65-2.4 405460005 705 rices— 1900-1918, 1910-1918, and 1902-1918...........-----.--...esesee ee 598, 599 cycle, graphic showing, ......-.-.--..-.---- Vea cine. widld lala neal 705 protection against foreign diseases, quarantine precautions. ....-...--.- 244-245 shipments, reports, Dec. 19, 1918, and mules.........-.--.------------ 384-387 sickness, African, fatal disease, need of quarantine precautions. .......... 245 statistics, number, value prices, imports and exports. ..........---..-- 596-601 supply, European countries and United States.........-.-- 294, 296, 297, 299-301 House piiacplinnces; electrical power requirements. ..........------------ 224, 236 See also Home. Houses— farm laborers, plans, with grounds... ........-------+++---++++--++-+- 352-356 for farm workers, article by E. B. McCormick. .........------+----+++- 347-356 Hovsrton, D. F., report of the Secretary of Agriculture, 1918.....-.---------- 9-73 Hunting— laws, States, effect of-treaty act..........---.--- 2c e ee ee eee eee eeceeeee 309-310 permits, for control of injurious birds ...........--.--.--+++-++-+--++- 314-315 ‘‘Husared’’ corn, preparation, Indian method. . ..........---+++++++-++++055 131 Hutch, rabbit, illustration... ....... 2.2... -- 22s eee eee eee eee eee anne eeees 151 Hydrocyanic-acid gas, fumigation of cars for pink bollworm. ....---.--------+ 40-41 Idaho— ; Forests, National, area. .........-. 202-22 - eee eee ence eee e ee ee ee ee se eeee 717 rodents extermination... 2... 0.266 eee eee eee ee ee eee eee eee ee eens eees 29 Illinois— ; apple growing, localities, varieties, and production..........+cseees 370, 373, 378 thrashing ring success, examples. ......-.-.-0.++++eeee eee eeeeeeeeenee 265, 267 a Index. 743 Imports— Page. gortcnitural, ‘statistice. i«......---------- 87 Kansas, apple growing, localities, varieties, and production. .........-- 370, 373, 378 SE EES OI LSE LOR ce « fain wn 0 Wb nw o'o'wie BAS Hae Ents BORIS 2s ww wide 629 Kentucky, poultry community breeding, organization and work. .......--- 1 10-111 Kiernan, J. A., article on “The accredited-herd plan in tuberculosis eradi- MRI atm Gi Sie ic A has dt Xie we ood win aa CUA Ree wns EO © 3 Sher 215-220 Kineuorne, J. W., article on ‘Better poultry through community breeding res toa ge ob a bilan nin i ireie eine wh 4:5 0. 0'w's © a ote ick aT LS 109-114 Labor— EE CUTIOTE LIDDY WEIL. op awh nig Yong eae wa eon neo 181, 182 MUOd , COOPERAWMON AC VANTARES... - - sos 2 on oe one nee eee oe 323-324 en. wetter (ivy armen S01S-1988. 22.252 22s ons nae ene ensenansnnee 676 Markets— Bureau— I PE ONIN iain Nie wh ees nin +» oe =, # ill Se 6 ne a weal teres Se = ~~ & Were at Th VO PUDCE BIG TRORIS, . .- . re ec reece nnee eee .. 379-398 a ees ee rl Piper ede 212-214 et fens Se Sit oo oo.) Ls os oa ena eens. * a. 24, 31-36 Gry, prereteticed Bild tANCY DTOGUCIA.. «2... == - =~ 2 ee esa nenee sess 280, 282 live-stock, congestion, prevention by official reports. .....-..-..--------- 391 Re eI OEE 2 On 5s ac Run wintinla lox = - so a's one ceeeyeecnenem sme d 34-35 produce, ecndy, article Dy GD Migke. 0. . .o. 2 . . nn 2 eames cccenss 277-288 terminal, the: Mixing and grading. ......-......-.-.--------+--------- 341 Maryland, apple growing, localities, varieties, and production. ............ 370,372 McCormick, BE. B., article on “‘Housing the worker on the farm’”’.......... 347-356 746 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. Page. McCrory, S. H., article on ‘“‘ The drainage movement in the United States”.. 137-144 McDowett, J. C., article on ‘‘How dairying built up a community”. .....-. 153-168 Meal— : exports, statistics. 21 520 isa wad. Seating. senna S20 eae en 639, 645 oil-cake— ; exports, statistics... 26-3 «as... ucudatlx Oem sald ie oe 640, 643, 644 statistics, exports and imports, 1909-1917. ...-.-.....--.- +2222... 582 Meat— animals— and products, foreign trade, 1904-1918........----..---.-+.---++.-- 707 prices in index numbers, 1912-1918. . 0.4.4. 246... a 701 exports, statistics. .....-..2..---0. tenn oil omer ee dete in pew ats tlhon cen’ 634, 643, 647 Beereled, OPOCUCHONWLOLI-LONG. ina ne dees ee nn ccct ees cewckwaend 567 Mongrel poultry, disposal methods ..............--.-2-------ceeeeeeee nce 112-113 Montana— een SROAS ser cccnas OIL Sabo. MS ee el se ee oh eed 717 a Ee SES Sa eee ee ee re 434 nC e ieMaibanigMNt . v2.0 liSu tek Sees ei. os ae dees 29 wheat-stem rust, spread from the barberry...............-.-.-.-.--...-. 96 Mortgages in cattle loans, essentials and collateral...................--.-.... 102-103 Motion pictures— cotumpe-cheese detiionstrations.-...... 2.2.0.0... 0. esos eee edecee 271-272 a ne ee nn ae eee ee Sea mea 6 Motor trucks, hauls farm to shipping point..............-22-2.205.20220-c2000- 712 Mound, corn-planting method, Omaha Indians, description.................... 127 Mountains, regions of nonarable lands........ Se aN th dret och Sartre her 434 Mules— MSD LOLA 5 i SN beats Suny Mods. Pe SOIL. De awe eee | 601 umneemadece adel ls: HOLS 55S. oniolce stabi sesh. Jue suadotbdeieh J. 635 SRT WANE DAB HSV ASUALOR «aren ~~ Mie Abele wo. Sass oot. ate A Ot 704 marnber and -value on farms, 1867-1919 ...... 0.2.52... 2-21 nelscen leds 596 nembarm in wotld.ecountries. 0.024 NLS AL ed Wet took ote lud 587-591 PEL O AO Bed So Fi dts tli see ote nee ae), Ge clei. sO EGU LE 598 shipments, reports, December 19, 1918, and horses...................... 384-387 statistics, number, value, prices, market receipts, and exports....... 596-601 NE SAIRIDOE TH, SUAUIGHICS 8c. ko oe ee ede ach ois we eee mee oS SUS 634 Muskmelon seed, growing localities, acreage, yield, production, and consump- ER Oe PD ne 6 60 Wie Lib ae wisla'e a ehctee W5 bw OES ee LA 201, 206, 207 Mutton— Pemnentel, CuMlShbOs.A 2.8 8's s/s 2/2 SUL RAE rl de lel. Sawa 636 pocucuo anctease sincs 1914. .....52 Ug LU. ele Lite 13. 16 fade conditions, December, 1918..../.020..... ce. as ie eee 382 Semen torents.. see borests, Nawonal ons. joes -sencneaacdimeecc cnecnee 717 Semel niotes, OxXports, Slalistics.._... 28. ewe enb a sens-scd~- demesne 637, 643, 650, 659 Navy Department, cooperation with...............---.-------..--. 23, 24, 31, 35, 53 Er LCM . NG: DICE... 3 <5 ss .~ nae - ceive = - a

ss seen seen Stee Oils— vegetable— exports, statisticg: .. i... 5.350-20- dees teceus te Ogun eae 640, 643, 646, 658 imports, statistics. ...2.6ccccccccesh lee e tenet es bunhe see 633, 643, 663 volatile . exports, statistics.....2.... 25.750 32 Ligon ee eee eek sae 640 imports, statistics... 222626 siccs sce ede ces code ee Mee eee - 633 Oklahoma, Forests, National, area. ... 2... ss .0. cscs dees cscsessccusaseneeeeee 718 Olive oil, imports, statistics. ........2cccnceccccccecdescccchsdssseues 633, 648, 651 Olives, imports, statistics... 2... 2.2 .2eeeeeeeeeeeee bdenané cape octuceneet nn Index 749 Onions— Page. bushel weights. .......... SEE 724, 726 Seem< priced 1910-1018 cc oad a a =o ---. ~~. cele eee 710 a oe errr 634, 648 seed and sets, growing localities, acreage, yield, production, and consump- TER ESET GEN ES re 203, 206, 207 Open seasons for wild birds, State laws, general conditions... ..... 304-305, 311, 312 Omum imports, statistics... «0... .ssesenes ee 0 ce ant » 633, 643, 648, 663 Oranges— IS sR daw dosnt SMMAKP EMIS =a ---- sae aco bail 639, 656 Re NERCM tf Uibutees Way ae ablaini « SW einem - = 22 oo ee ee wee 631, 649 Le a eee 551 Se emOCHCLIGOM ERG: DPICER soa; = 500 75 ow woe 551 Orchards— commercial, distinction from home orchards. ..................------- 368-369 é farm, distinction from commercial orchards, uses, waste, etc.........-..- 368-369 on— nag ple-growing, localities, varieties, and production...............- 370, 375, 378 ACURA IS OR ono som ecor ene eo 186, 188, 189-190 Potatoes— acreage— and production, 1910-1918... 22... ...ccsnecccece esa = ne 14, 15 production and farm value by States, 1918...........-.....+..-++.--- 510 production and farm value, revised, 1889-1909... .......-..-..---+-- 510 production, value, exports, etc., 1849-1918...........00 5.2) so 5snt ae 509 condition first of months, 1897—1918..........0.s6se.0- ess «eee 511. crop variation yearly, graphic showing..........------+--+-+-se-eeee-s08 691 exports— ; and imports, by countries, 1911-1917.............----..s.sstegeseses 516 BtATAStLCS . 5 onic. one no. oo wind smash dine, scn ons b jm wie ek 641 harvest each month by States....2 2.20.6 .6.. cent bd. ee 685 imports, statistics.........-.... eC er ee 634, 648 Irish, bushel weights. Fi... ..s20a. 00 bee nt nc ends cnc ese ene ninee 725, 726 price on farm, first of months, 1909-1918.................--++-+ss--02+5 513 prices in principal markets, 1913-1918... .......-.-- 20. ..esesenee eens 514-515 _ sales each month by States..............c2c cess ceeecsesews sep meeeeeene 686 statistics, acreage, yield, value, prices, exports, etc... .....--..++..++-- 507-516 stocks, January 1, by States, 1915-16...............0-0-0eestssesebe cee 512-513 sweet— ; bushel weights...........00.ccsdedwcuic sduslew Cue e cscs eee 725, 726 Sce also Sweet potatoes, : trade, international, 1911-1017 .........0s60sccdes'es cas rsececuheneneeeene 516 world’s area, production, and yield, 1915-1917...........-.-...-.+++-- 507-508 yield, price December 1, and value by States.........-....-+---++--+ 511-612 Index. 751 Poultry— Page. associations, community, organization method... ...............2..... 111-112 breed, selection for community work..............-..-...+--...--- 109-110, 111 breeding associations, community, article by J. W. Kinghorne...._-...- 109-114 exhibits, community...s.JJs0si o.oo ese eee eee enee 114 RES) BORTIBOS 342 sees a POUL SIE ISLS Bois SUE SUL. is eed ae 636 freight tonnage by rail, 1915-1917....2~ 5 s.tv ieee eee eee sees eee ee eee 711 improvement, advantage of concentration on one breed. - iss. lec IOURED marketing, community work, advantages...-.......-.-------------------- 118 production increase since 1914. ...-....--...-----..----. per aes ait a 3, 16, 25 progucty aericet tiews Servace...U. 5... LU le ick Welt ee oe 33 Power— electric, and light, from small streams, article by A. M. Daniels......... 221-238 thrashing outfit, selection, guide, ENN TALL TET Ae 253 water— from small streams, utilization on farms..................-.------- 235-238 latent sources, utilization on farms. ..........-..-......------ 221-222, 238 Prairie— Dees eRterMANaiIORMePeEEES, . Do ke os elSOt ee os eee see eee seen 28-29 may cpricer, on farm, 1914-1918... sc) 2... swede) sued ieiwess waza: O34 e 526 Predatory animals, een Miia ih carla ah obese rage vs) ots aa 28-29 Prevention of disease, importance in quarantine work.......... rere 246 Produce— Sees, (pa, ee yailtie Gb Corlificates.s....0 2 welreies Aoalew sib sue dee 285 pply and demand, study of market, article by G. B. Fiske..........-- 277-288 Pedtection, Federal, of migratory birds, article by George A. Lawyer. -- 303-316 Prices— Pent, Garty reports, December, 19M. cusses 25 is 2s a se. we ee eles 382-383 cotton, influence of warehousing ct eet 4a, Suites Ait aid aay snc ale eps Dit 400-403 farm, graphic Shpyargiat tren. 7AGeee sel. ssbb be 4 wt res Je meena 698 farmers’, for principal articles bought, 1909-1918... ix. yk, Seheen-e live stock eles Brie BROWER 124 te os abteerns «esd od cute 705-707 monthly, in index numbers, 1909-1918......-...----....--.2..---.------ 701 seed, 1917, 1918, effect of Gg ESR eT aE RROR TLIC WE 209-211 RN PE attatias le With goss si nee nl cried nice eeodduon Soe 716 Prunes— Ee RISA, cs = eet rte a aes eb . Eb- R's. 639, 645, 656 a BALE aon wa) tn 2's nn, 0) a - Are SRE «hints as SA Oia 648 Publications— Gistribption, work of Department 2. . 2... oct eed depen denies 0.0 bes 50-51 on cottage Deere es, Ms one FALE uals at co 276 Puccinia— graminis. See Stem rust, black. spp., characteristics and HORI 2 5 B08 re CURR aE tes oi ayinlage ot 77 Pulp wood— NE MOC 5 aioe) 8 oS EE tie sw nv nh SE RB Ee ~ al TR 631 statistics, exports and imports, 1909-1917. ......--...-.-...-..---2..-+-- 586 Pumpkin seed growing, localities, acreage, yield, production, and consump- EM hee e oi Sid depen ppp pee owiehe Cel h oad be oie ee eh bb 201, 206, 207 Quarantine— cotton from Mexico on account of pink bollworm................--.---. 28,40-41 live-stock diseases, some results, article by G. W. Pope-. i aisid=ctenrzia BIQ-246 Quebracho wood and extract, imports, Sta TSHICS a 2.< 5 -fawa ed ERRNO SS » 630 EIEIO IN og a wo a = Maa aapcetih vine rk -eKee e d et bie gianiks 726 Rabbit— breeding, information furnished by Department... ...-..........-...-... 152 PGa MABGRMMAOIL, aca, 222+ 20's 52 os 222. 2 sO TS 148-150 clubs, work in proauetion of meat and fur. .......'...2..ytisevan snes <7 Flemish rane, OFime aie Ceseripilon. 2. 2... <2. 0. oe toe amas serene 149 giant, varieties, description See hee aie so + anu ea ee 148-149 growing, profits, Oe a OEE OE EE Ee eee 1g ee 148 meat, imports into Great Britain, 1910, value.......--.------.-.-.-------.- 146 New Zealand Rend a a We, Ss Se. os nce ep eee a cea eee 105 skins, utilization ‘and va, Be otis oe as vk i waw ae we JAX DL eed SERENE Uae 151 752 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. .- * ‘s Rabbits— OE growing— eat > (pane aaae at home, profits. ....- +002. .2ee. 0. ec eios yh b awcmbemae Web ea -- 150-151 in America, utility breeds, and outlook... ......5. 20.02. -.ee0.8- -- 147-152 to supplement meat supply, article by Ned Dearborn. ............ 145-152 substitute for chickens, experiment and results............-.--..----.... 148 use for meat in European COUNETIES......-.- -.0)- aeerwinuih< Loew ae 146 Radish, seed growing, localities, acreage, yield, production, “and consump- 0 a eer tc me 203, 206, 207 Railroad ties, exports, statistics... ... 2.006.000. bl se be sere 638 Railways, freight tonnage, United States..........sscams0). 28 2c. 711 Rainfall, minimum for crops without irrigation....................-....2 | Raisins— exports, statistics... .........--. 2+ 0+. tli. Jal. ae 639 Imports, statistics. .....-...- 62-22 wees nee nee aslo es see 631, 648 Ranges, National Forests, live-stock grazing......-............2.2cccceeeeees 29-30 Rapeseed oil, imports, statisties......-.-..00sci Js. seis UN Soe > 683 Recommendations, Secretary of Agriculture:...<. c0¢isct 2b 58, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72 Reconstruction, live stock situation, article by G. M. Rommel.............. 289-302 Records, cow-testing association, Grove City, Pa...................0.s...220- 160 Reporters, voluntary, work for Crop Estimates Bureau, compensation......... 44 Reports— gers Federal, on live stock and meats, article by James Atkinson... 379-398 meat and live stock, salnples:<-.< 4.08 ees tee eee 381-387, 389-390, 392-397 Rice— acreage— ‘ production and farm value, by States, 1918. .........5..J.2geueeeeen 504 production, value, and condition, 1904-1918.............-........... 504 bushel weights. -....-.--. 2... -s.:0 0 eevee sa e SUT Oe 725 condition of crop, first of month, 1904-1918...................2...--- Le 504 consumption, by. countries, 1902=1911- 22.0222. 2... a eee 684 destruction by birds, prevention. ........~. 0.2095 J/o Opa oe 304-315 exports, by countries, 1909-1913, 1916-17... ...... 02... 27 506 exports, statistics. «226. see nes wep es os Tee the ee 640, 643, 646 Imports, statistics... . . . 1. 2.0% se een'ne sane enw eae eee eee 633, 643, 648 price on principal markets, 1913-1918.................--...--++ praia 505-506 statistics, acreage, yield, values, prices, exports, etc...-...: 52.9. seeeeee 503-506 trade, international, 1909-1913, 1916-17. -22.a23ovsev-uewe es oo 506 Us IN DYGWING... 2... oe ww eee ewe ben eee 709 varieties, plantings in leading States, 1916-1918.......................... 683 world’s acreage and production, 1915-1917. so.c0.-4- 110s 503-504 yield, price Dec. 1, and value, by States.........0..<0..se...00uneen 505 Rinderpest, serious nature, and strict quarantine excluding........-....... 243-244 Ring, thrashing. See Thrashing ring. Riparian rights, explanation by John B. Greene. ......-<.-....-s0s0e 235 Road materials, applications for..............+..0..s«cuessse seu enna 56, 57 Roads construction— importance from all standpoints................0s000cecbaee sue eee 67-68 work of Department and highways council......................+-.- 55-57 Federal aid- act, resulta... 2... 2 ed USSU e a TE ON 59 funds and projects for 1919 and 1920.02. 22. !2.. 2. Co 66-68 projects submitted and approved............. 0.0... 0.0.) a ee 55 system, need in National Forests in fire control. ........................ Roasting ears, preparation, Indian method......... 2.2... ...0+-eseeeseeeeeeee . 131 Rodents, extermination, State campaigns, cooperative............-......-+--- 28-29. RoMMEL, GeorGe M., article on ‘“‘ Live stock and reconstruction” .........-. 289-302 Rosen rye, origin and "vals. s.ckscccccecevcececsuescs sees sili 176 Rosin— exports— ; ANd imports. .... di's eos evec cece vec ccs kamarals «uyus/dpiealnets nnn 582-583 StOAtIStICS. ©. onc cccccect cancel ds ce au cuts/dw anyon Oe eeenenann 637, 650, 659 statistics, exports and imports; 1909-1917. ................seeseeeeeees 582-583 Rubber imports, various forms, statistics... 0. .c.cccccas. sides See 630, 648, 650-651 statistics, exports and-imports..... .........s4s00s+s0essues eee nee 584 Runoptes, J. C., article on ‘‘The thrashing ring in the corn belt” ........... 247-268 at lah 5 iil ae ae de at Indez. 753 Rural— Page. credits, organization and development.......--....-..-.-----+--2+e-eeee- 60-62 health and sanitation, improvement and promotion -...............-..... 72-73 a SRT Tat DS or eee 713 Rust, black stem, and the barberry, article by Pe unkind. Jc0. x t226 75-100 Rusts, grain, characteristics and hosts.............0-.22-.22--.s0-eees-s cece 77 Rutabagas, HOUT CME eee R worcwe ceca sfla ala aba waver soda ade dive bees 726 Rye— acreage — production and farm value by States, 1918..................2..-..... 493 production and farm value, revised, 1879 and 1889-1909............. 492 production, value, exports, etc., 1849-1918... Pieiwis!. inclu. 6, 491—4ae sown and harvested, nited States, RAMI TUER eit So 268. S253 cs 493 ON ee ee ei eee eee 725 comparison with wheat for bread, straw and soil improvement........-. 171-174 PameonOusITst OF WHOMLNs 1092-1 ONG. 225.02... 22 2-2, eee ee ee eee ee 494 eoummmapiuon:. by countries, 1902-1911... 2:20.25. see. cc ee ee 684 exports— and imports, 1911-1913, 1916-1917, by countries...............-...-. 496 ERNIE Se aio AG iers 2a wn os JUSS S TOTES JEBU GUE, 2c. 639 grain, feed use, storing and marketing.............-........-.---2-2-0% 180-181 place in American agriculture, article by Clyde E. Leighty............ 169-184 price— on farm, Ist of beg yl ol a!) Be ar Jie to 495 on principal markets, SAAB, ok od a ho abate loon 2 495 production, increase since 1849, annual since 1909..................-.-. 169-171 statistics, acreage, yield, values, prices, .ex ports, eteiit>.n» 25st ew. 490-496 trade, international, 1911-1913, 1916-1917, by countries................-. 496 Pee OALIOA! JOP o oe. ones ot by Sateen enh ke ness owe wate ee ee eee ot ewe bone 181 varieties, winter and spring, adaptation and value................-.-.-. 175-176 world production, and leading countries...................-22.--..-2---- 171 world’s area and production, 1916-1918...................2....2222-5-- 490-491 yield, prices Dec. 1, and values by States. ..-.....-.-....2...222..2-2---- 494 SENS RMLINBINEN 825. SUPE Duly. ok vias. ats. 2 oon ose Jobe os elem 633, 643 Saez, J. W., and W. W. Sxrner, article on ‘‘Composition and food value of at aearibast? Ue 92, ROSIER. eb REM Pou tes 6. SRE 0S 115-122 es-— need, Witeltl DatiGtiew. 35-54... SIME Sele eA ee ie cc 313 peenicc, af Hhippine peleEs 3s L/055! 22 SSS. . ee 2 foe el eo aie 284 Salsify, seed growing, localities, acreage, yield, production, and consump- IE os ent bSe ss casio Aden s oiau'ahe -- 0s 20s eo obec. So 0 200, 206, 207 Sampling— cotton, practices, cause of loss to growers, suggestions.................- 416-417 in for MpOCHONPEMOCHONB: 220 SP0l i. 32. We EX. cele 338, 344 Sands, relation to arable land conditions.................-....--.-.-------.. 434 Sanitation, Seen NMEEEC Gg ao. GO Poe Sd oe oe Oe eee oe ae caw ne ae 72-73 Sausage— casings— ERE EIU ThE Wiican Ae Vd we's cave Ue pe hye = sam S 629 DOE Leese ies, Fal OL Lh dae dete she voce seabeie et wales 636 PURINE: OF Re ALES bs. . PIPTE US. LSC Pes A 22K 636 peace, Cbeop and cattle, control work:}.0 1.00. sso ee ce ee eee 28 Secretary. See Agriculture. Seed— ° pens, weevil detection by signs. ... 22.26... .0.6 i eee kan 327, 331-333 corn— selection and storing, Indian practices......................--- 129-130, 132 soaking before planting, Indian customs.....................-------- 126 DOSE P REC RSG Pena e aed occ c eck ool el URES ea al ae 675-676 Hentai SHDEROUE, PUMA Ol i. Hic oF os ene LS aoe eon 126-127 distribution, cooperative work. ).. 5220605 v eee PUR we esc eee 34 in, advances to Qrowers dn drought aresaes. cs yes soc. 3's. 2 8 4649 industry of United States, effects of the war, article by W. A. Wheeler and eS SE ar rl triad oie a ind a od dda wae Sen N Cains ow tc 195-214 reporting service of Bureau of Markets.....................-..---.20-- 212-214 statistics for clover and wth acreage, production, value and prices... 527-529 minothiyy iaten pricey LOLOAAOIS, oo. sic sa wiew win ce rnamv cows dev eveeantione’ 527 98911°—ysx 1918——52 754 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. Seeds— _ Page. exports, statistics...) csemsassss-vssdesakienk Jee eee 641, 643 field and vegetable, stocks on hand during the war.........-.......- , thal 208 home growing, increase, effects of the war.........-.-.+2.2-.eee-eeeceuee 195 imports— and exports, 1914-1918, effects of the war... ......2.5.222..d2-0c00 195-197 statistics... 5 oxy sciws 64 nWitG wan acne pterciene eon 633, 643, 664 market NEWS BETVICE..... 5 eee eeuedee poe sueleh- aeideh ects a. oe enn 34 prices, 1917, 1918, effect of the War.......:.5-..-.:-----a.us eee 209-211 vegetable— exports, 1914-1918... tees. a aecinin. eelos secu! uae ae 196, 198 growing, localities, acreage, yas, production, and consumption.... 199-208 Seedsmen, problems, changes in conditions of trade........................ 211-212 Serum, antihog-cholera, use at stockyards.....................-ssesesbaeue “ 7 Sewage, creamery, disposal, cooperative research..........-..-...-..-20- sun 154 Sheep— breeds, per cent of flocks, by States....:.....0:..s:tuess 220 eee am G17 grazing, National Forests... .....-20+0-+-+--+---.s.+0-5.--5=eennn a 29 imports— ; exports, and prices 1893-1918. 22... 6s... -0.--0-e-n05r ace 614 BLALIBLICE . on. oo ey ona sninne Sood an duke e aN ace ele 627 losses in European countries. ....... 2.5... 4ssce0-seee ee 293, 295, 296, 297, 302 number and value on farms, 1867-1919...............-. ee 613 numbers— in. world. coUnITICS. ...... 220. =: > eee 630, 650-651 Shenandoah-Cumberland, apple growing region, notes........--.-- 370, 372, 377, 378 Shipbuilding, demand for black locust, ash, and oak..............-.-...-- 320, 321 Shipments, live stock, daily reports: .. 5. ...... 2. eees ons aon) ee 3 Shippers, market study, steadying influence. .........-.....-+-.s-2-0seees 278-279 Shipping Board, soda nitrate, purchase and transportation. ...................- 5 Sign language of Nature, well known among farmers..............-...--.... 327 Silage crop, rye, Value. . ..... . 4660 nnsdencaesee eases se sas 544s eee 179 Silk— amporia, statistics... ...s <1 uieaeuid eae sce» od eb ag Ue 627, 642, 647, 661 statistics, world production, 1913-1917 and 1900-1917..................-. 585 Silo construction beginning in Europe and America................-+++..-5- 134 Silos— number and capacity, 1917, and relation to corn crop................. oon Gee number and capacity in United States...............-------ssceees oaney, OC Sirup— exports; Statistics. ....... Tiethe f eo )2 6 ball eae. - ses cone eu Rhee ae cees 443-447 States, laws ior bird protection, conditions 1870-1918, ete..........- 303-305, 309-310 Statistics— INN CONST ice nine 5 55 gc Geos o> = > cbidnehh aeeemdaes 507-586 nnn ee eT ty a, SE ee ee So 587-626 i nrmnae trie 20 15 hI)... |... icjtninn!s ls bh» en eee eae aS We oi 638, 650 Stem rust— black— and the barberry, article by E. C. Stakman.....................-.-- 75-100 ee EE eee Poe EE ee et ae ee 78-80 Croumeeues Oremus auincked by: .-.............. 52s ncclsweaee ne -daeee 78 occurrence, distribution, characters, and hosts. ....................-. 75-78 RNERCRIEISE COMIN, 3 og nr y - vnxvinid'e n- . xo nies wd liak Mellrtard set 82-84 reduction by eradication of common barberry.....--.-.-....--...--- 88-100 spread from the barberry, typical cases...........-..-.-...2.22.2-2+5 94-98 ee | pa a 5 AE oe ee Ce oe, pre eee 78 Stockyards— Gnicago,,market news distribution ef ecw... 2... occ boas ectwollnt ce 33 hogs, treatment with anti-hog cholera serum................-.--.--+-+-- 27 Spueeenee WORE TROMEUE ooo: 2... enc cnn edesetaee 393-397 Sans INEM CU Gate Gd fae. 5... 2s nates abaantenedenes 68-70 756 Ycarbook of the Department of Agriculture. Storage— Page. beans, infestation by. weevils, signa... ..........<6ss+ssssmdeeieeeeinl 332-333 cotton— benefits of adequate system...5.........-4.. sda Da a eee 399-432 cooperation of growers, need and suggestions. ..........-...-..---+-- 404-406 meat supply, reports, monthly. . 2... ..4.-.0. 2+... .2-- sae 391-393 Straw, rye, uses, packing and marketing..........-..0.0200.-ssesensesceus 181-182 Stream flow, measurement methods, cross-section and weir..........--..--. 227-235 Streams, small, electric light and power, article by A. M. Daniels......... 221-238 Srrone, H. M., and O. E. Baker, article on ‘‘Arable land in the United States” ead ae Sd de ol os a oa Se See ee ww ernest 433-441 Substitutes, flour, rye, value... 2... ...sc2s. see ss elses see 183 Sugar— beet, staliatiogis.. is. coc. 5. eso ee 564-566, 571, 572-573 CATO, StALIBLICH. 6. oie oi coe ede ete cece cdees su ecu uE eee 564, 567, 571, 574 exports— and imports, statistics, 1909-1917. ....----2-2-220.. sues ee ova B70 statistics. 22.65 3e8 Wee. ce La. ee 641, 643, 646 factories, France, destruction by Germans..................-.sssceessu 292 freight tonnage by rail, 1915-1917..............2.-.2510..2.01 Ga 711 importa, statidties.... 2... wt vipa es ee 634, 643, 648, 651 maple, statistics, production and prices, 1909, 1917, 1918..............-.. 576 prices, New York market, 1913-1918............+.... 00). 20g 568-569 statistics, production exports and imports, etc. ......------.-----.---- 564-576 world production, 1915-1917 and 1895-1918............-------.---22.. 571-574 Sugars, soft drinks, food value, etc. .......25 0... 118-119, 122 Supervisors, grain, Federal, duties in grading grain. ...........-.- 338, 339, 340, 342 Surra, eradication by destruction of diseased animals............--------+---- 243 Survey, sanitary, rural sections, importance................-----2eseceeensee 73 Swamp— land, area in United States. ..5...2.5..530.5.223 5.050 137-138 lands, reclamation for cultivation, remarks... .........--------+++-20-2-- 436 Swans, protection under Federal regulations.........---...--+-+-+----+---es 312 Sweet potatoes— and production, 1910-1918... 2. Jia css). 14, 15 production and farm value by States, 1918... ...-....-------+--+--+ 517 Piste 4 ip and value, 1849-1918. ... 62.22. 22s stiys a 517 condition on first of months, 1898-1918. .........--..-2--.224--2scsseees 518 price— on farm first of months, 1910-1918... 02... sie. 2s. sse oe 518 on principal markets, 1913-1918. 2... 062.0. .6 6s oc. soe 519 yield, price Dec. 1 and value, by States... .......2....2220--.5 0s 518 Sweetening in soft drinks, food value..........5.....005... 5555.0 oe 118-119, 122 Swine. See Hogs. Tanning— chestnut wood, demand and use. -...2.. ccc ces cl eses coe 320 materials— exports, statistics..........52200ccenceccesc dl sve deen eee 638, 643 importa, statistice......5.. 5.05000. Ue 630, 643 Tea— exports and imports, 1909-1917........----.-----++++2++-sees sees eseees 577-578 imports, statistics... .:scsdMsdssdddadsnerds cadad eee 634, 643, 648, 561, 664 prices, New York market, 1913-1918..............-..0002-20 00 eee eteeeee 578 statistics, exports and imports and prices............-----+-++++++e0+e5 577-578 Tenancy, farm, relation toOwnership...........--5000sesscesecsesseeseseeee Tennessee, poultry associations progress. ...........62.2 6 eee eee eee seen 111, 112 be nettle, for seed corn, description..............6600006- eee esse eeeeee 126-127 esting— cattle, methods and rules for accredited herds.............-.--..++.-+-+ 216-217 dairy herds for tuberculosis, value..........00.6. 2. eee essence ses ewes 162-163 seed corn, primitive methods. ........ccccc. esse cence seen eects eoewes 126-127 Texas— border, peer aey service regulations.......06.60sssdscesedeueueeeen .-.. 40-41 panhandle, rainfall average. ..... 22.2.2. ceceesecccsnnusgscesaueeseneee - 434 ry bollworm, eradication and quarantine work..............-.-.+++-+..- . 38-41 io Grande Valley, rainfall average. ..........060 22sec eee ee eee dene . 484 ee —— Index. 757 _ Thrashing— Page. ge ET GR Pa St a es ee eae 247-248 outfits— purchase by rings, plan and capital involved..............-. “2 2----- 255-256 _ Ting ownership and management.................---.----0.------- 248-260 ring— in the corn belt, article by J.C. Rundles........2..5-...25.csceene 247-268 NMI BT UIMONNII Eo ans) aaa. < i'ne xen tave cS puddin owns done 260-262 size, relation to acreage, separator, etc ...................-.-.-..-- 250-253 Tick, cattle, eradication, progress and recommendation....................-- 26, 72 aie carriers of horse diseases, need of quarantine precautions..............- 245 er— by-products, value in clearing operations. .......................----e-- 144 EE ee ee er a 638, 643, 650, 660 perme for Nome use on farni woodlands... <2. < os ee nore 325 ands, clearing after drainage, time and cost ........................-.-- 141 needs of United States, and lands for production ....... SOG Stee. hee 435 sales on National Forests, quantity, price, etc...............-...2.22.-2.- 716 Timothy— meee natng. 1914 1918 els oe a en aban Saleeeod- Saas wed 526 seed— eee oe EEC EEE POPE nD ae te VT tS 725 prices on principal markets, 1913-1918............................ 523-529 Tobacco— acreage— ear proauction,I910-19182.0 22225 Joos. eee ee ke 14, 15, 537-538 production and values by types and districts, 1917 and 1918.......... 5AL production and value by States, 1918......................-...00udl 537 production, value, condition, etc., 1849-1918..............222 2222... 539 I ee ne: ote es 687 exports— and imports by countries, 1909-1917 ........... 222222222 leet eee 544 EN a eee ee ee er 641, 643, 645, 658 ene qonumne by raat, 19UG 1907 jose 56. sl os. eee ccd ek ede 711 ee er eee ees ee eee 634, 643, 664 prices on principal markets, 1913-1918_..................2....2.-.-.-.- 542-543 statistics, acreage, yield, values, prices, exports, etc......-........-..- 537-544 trade, international, by countries, 1909-1917. ........................--- 544 yield, prices Dec. 1 and values by States, 1909-1918....................2... 540 Tomato seed growing, localities, acreage, yield, production and consumption.... 200, 206, 207 EE Re I 725, 726 ‘onnage, packing house, 1914, 1915, 1916: ..........2.2.. 2222.22.22 eee eee 133 Tools— MR! SUMMMEIUOs dicrcuchs ns aethes oso a acne ss nh seas ants 127, 128 Seemery demand and uses......................- oho gs ea es oe lee 321 ET ES ee ee oR Sea Te 674 Trade— eect nee animals and products....5..........----<-.see+es bee ees nee 707 News, Live Stock and Meat, weekly bulletin. ...................-.....- 397-398 Trading, primitive methods, and value of corn as exchange..............-...-- 124 eens pamme birds, restFictions..........-..2.....-.5..2-.cececeeecess 310,313,913 Transportation— hauls by wagon and motor, farm tostation................-.-.....-.-+-+-- 712 I eA SL AGN ow. oo. wens oe en enen chimes eaeniess 711 ermine. (Olaseoe. ot... So RR 712 Treaty, migratory-bird, adoption and terms..................--.--..--.---- 307-308 Trees, removal from slopes, care in cutting to prevent erosion.........-.....----- 323 Truck crops, statistics, acreage and production..............-.---.---++.+--+-+-- 563 Tuberculin testing— ante, tor Gece mee Malem oe So. ede 216-217 i a epeenrip 8 tgs Syne aiatedfagh i <5 Rails 9 eer be arin, Ce Beg FF 28 Tuberculosis— eradication— ee NS a er core, Soe Ts 219-220 the accredited herd plan, article by J. A. Kiernan................--- 215-220 free dairy herds, certificate, value to dairyman.................--.----+-- 162-163 ins a eurenneeems UMOL ER Coe A ee, 218-219 WVahcialts imine dais, [O22 fo, Sen Sea ea he. oe er te 27-28, 72 758 Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture. Turkeys, farm prices, 1914-1910... ga vese..20- 0 0s smnpipk ae eee ann 710 Turnip seed, growing, localities, acreage, yield, production, and consumption.. 203, Turnips— : DOBNeLWeIpiin ut tao. sone tert tes nea see cs sad ce eee ee 725, 726 farm prices, 1912-1916... oe est sae Senco t ene ns one nee 709 Turpentine— exports— and iM ports—-- .. oe esc e ade cng ae nn eee nae sane geo) ae 583 SUMBAACH © Sic en cark Snare geen meee ae aw & vin ates ee 637, 650, 659 imports; Statistics... --... ee ane ae een nasi aes ne eee 630 statistics, exports and imports, 1909-1917. -.........-...2.....2. 2. ae 583 Twine— binder— importance in grain industry, consumption, etc.............-.-.-.-- 358-360 supply, relation to grain industry Or world. 02). 358-360 Use Of Abaca. sss eek on ee dee eee anne ob a ae eee 359 United Kingdom, live-stock conditions, 1909-1918, losses, ete...........-.--. 293-295 Urtica gracilis, use in making tester for seed corn..............-.-.------ ..-- 126-127 Utah, Forests, National, area. ... 250.020 5.05220 05/1 22d). eee 718 Vanilla beans, imports, statistics... 212. ...<-..2....5/4. se ... 634, 643 Veal, trade conditions, December, 19182. .:...:.. 25.2224: eee se Oe a 381 Vegetable seeds— exports;.1914-1018.. - ... .4ii-220) doe die as seen gee — 196, 198 growing, localities, acreage, yield, production, and i ey ame See 199-208 prices, 1917, 1918, effect of the War... ca: ss.:vi.sc- eau +a sage keeeeenl Vegetables— exports, statistics............ SletlS wena bs ..ibtciwes . eet aee er 641, 643 Imports, StAtISbICS. ... =. we sare sain Ene enn ne «eee 634, 643 market newsservice, branch offices, etc.............-.------ 32, 280, 281, 286-288 production, increase since 1910... .. -siidbiev lus - 00 bape hall alee 15 weights of Bushell iss iia: saa! tine baths ence doe oan ce eee 726 See also Beans; Beets; Carrots; Celery; Lettuce; Onions; Peas; Radish; Tomato; Turnips. Vehicles, building, demand for hickory and oak woods..........-...-.-.---.-- 321 Velocity, stream, measurement, directions......-.......---..---++-+-+------ 227-229 Veterinarians, Federal, hog-cholera control work..........-....--..-..+-+---- 191-192 Vinegar— exports, statistics............2..--+...- « soslsld ane Weide ptt ape 641 imports, statistics. 5 ..../0. nF vers skews x wo eecebence scenes ane 635 Virginia— apple-growing regions, varieties and production. __.................. 370,372, +-=+»s* hans pana Meneeee 408-416 construction for fire protection... .. ......«s:++ena6 anges penne 408-414 FUNCHONS, «ooo ecccsscacseccnsseacacesscss denne an eeeseee - 400 Index. 759 Page. Warehousing cotton, benefits of adequate system, article by Roy L. Newton and James M. a SS =. han RIE aL oS doe ISS 399-432 W n— apple growing importance, localities, etc. ......-....---------- 370, 374-375, 378 ROO 585 Ss a oho Se RN ewe Wee oe de oon ka ns ee Swe 718 Water— power— from small streams, utilization on farms...........-.----.----.-- 235-238 latent sources, utilization on farms. ..............------------ 221-222, 238 RII ES Sa Re a Sil + bn Ceo Cas ek sos ss. se SD 58 principles of Apitmipation.. ..9thec sel Lus.volbubons .2s003 225-226 PIatiaMner, GiprisBiOn.<... CLE aman sobonns -Ued- bash .2uel lied. 22 635. 643 See also Beeswax. Weather— a eNTOCL OF MACKS... 0c. dacesess ee sc- ss ssesis das+--. eee 282-283 ution to stem-rust APVOWPMONG 5. sete ax dees SOS. hie oe rei’. 84 asses, eradication for prevention of black stem rust... .-...-.-.-..----- 88 vil holes, detection on freshly harvested beans............--..-.----- 331-332 a life cycle, description and illustrations. ...........-..-------- 329-331, 334 plates, description Sew ee 2 et tae oo 334 beans infestation method, article by E. A. Back... -.-......-.-.-.--.-- 327-334 detection in seed beans, signs BAS ipl een oe REST > TOS eR 327, 331-333 origin, fictional beliefs... 2. . .-s+.4-..-+s-42---- 222-2 - eee este ee 329 signs, detection in seed beans, in the field and in storage........-. 327, 331-333 Weighing cotton, equipment, types OT HOSS ae git Ching m npn en OE ie a ae 417-420. Weights, bushel, Seommaditaed and Mtates.......-.-.-2-.---..-2adelwuc2ee 723-726 Weir— EE a pie a) eee ee ge Se 232 mminod of stream Measurement. . .. . . n-0.-<----- sees see. OL ok 230-232 West Virginia— apple growing, localities, varieties, and production..............--- 370, 372, 378 SEMI OUI ATOR Cte eds pee dee pee nt see ok em acewn av CMEL UES. ce 718 Western— Mpetee fCCIONS, ADDI PTOWAUE. © -- 25-26 e = os ane ne wees tne 370, 374 States, barberry fepadeatiok TAWA. be 0 -sct---.---"257 $22-323 = imports, statistics.....---.--+-2---«-+-+-s08+4ses88 5 a5 = ae 630, 643, 665 | marketing, cooperation advantages.....---.--++-+++++5r5c5tttrtrtssses pulp— - exports, statistics..........+...0-+eeeeee tee eeesesretensos aaa aee 638, 643 imports, statistics. ...-..---------.-+---esceeretessts 631, 643, 650-651, 665 statistics, exports and imports, 1909-1917. ....----+---+--+>-*7"""""* 586 Woodlands— extent and importance as arable lands in future.....------+-++-+----*""4 436 farm, and the war, article by Henry 8. Graves... Uc. ee 317-326 improvement needs and methods.....2.....06 0. JedUl ON se 324-325 Woodlots, farm, usefulness in war emergencies. ....--- * 4c tbat ope ee 317-326 Wool— exports— and imports, 1909-1917......-..+-+++eeee-eereeeeer eset nsees eens sees 622 statistics...ub.-c-cceccecccanscnncucselwone sssu ses age = ene 635, 643 imports, statistics........-...-----seeeee essen ener seseeneeeees 627, 642, 647, G61 _ freight tonnage by rail, IQIB—1917. ...2 2. ec cence cdenwe ssw seen 711 3 PYUCES fu... --- Bp eas -snswenss seman acsene ges Ghee es meme Pe ts 616, 619-621 : production, 1909-1918. ....--+---+-+-+--- geen rene c cesses secretes sae 13,16 — statistics, production, prices, exports, and imports. ......-.---+-+-+ 616, 618-622 ; Workers, farm, houses for, article by E. B. McCormick........---+++ bE 347-356 } See also Labor. Workman, James M., and Roy L. Newton, article on ‘‘Cotton wareh benefits of an ng system ”.....2..ssenseeesueeesssatuecuye sa eeumnne 399-432 Wyoming, Forests, National, area......-++0+-+s++e+++eeeeers eters esse essa 718 “Yucatan, source of henequen supply, climate, ete....---++-++- o capeiennl 359, 360, 361 — O | @ 4 @ ‘ 4 — Rae * (z= es eaedieees , @ “= we * . * \ . : : : <—{* as! 7 | ; : Ol W - : : : $ ; ~ « ¥ ; | & . H" i uy > | * o. » y a | % j . ha : : : | , “ | ’ ; : = &. 7 } — y F, : « q . | ’ * . ¢ ' - . yo S U.S. Dept. of Agriculture 21 Yearbook of agriculture A35 1918 cop.3 Biological & Medical Serials PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY Jeb SCS he ries | Y Rieytses a Oe ~ = : if 4 j De ti iif > = Mei oe z 13 Y agin . ‘ ae {; a : cine tig regis weet y, ae oe . os nee ie a = SS oS #) ¥ i ne es CERT seals oe ns 2 a ih 4 Hy GG " i: 33 Pa NG afi oo Of ie a % an i) is . 7 ie eee sek AY, Sec ast Se Se ease Sersiec = : eae “or Cs Se Ree = art Ben aS Swaes —— ae a5 Sse = a eae = Ss Sass — SSS Se — S Se e2 eS = = S a ans, i iG 438 1 aH fat ie a5: Bi a fit; a a ; si i i a i bee o a : Nietts HM { a iteeteet Lists ah He Mi ae ae . id Ath i at yes tah et? oe a Te abe g kab tg neon eeete UT NEN ERR PA TLESE TOD ALES ape? 4 FH MNS PET CTR aCe mh AG Hie (Orem rm san carnetedi™ -