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UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
LIBRARY

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1904

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YEAR BOOK

Cf the
AYRSHIRE BREEDERS

for ibe Vear \m.

Containing^ the Proceeding*/* of the Annual
Meeting, recent Milk and Butter Records and
General Information about Ayrshires and the

AYRSHIRE BREEDERS' ASSOCIATION.

so^

ANIMAL
HUSBANDRY

SRANDON PUBLISHING COMPANY, BRANDON, TT., 1904.

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MASSACHOSEnS
RST, Mft^'"

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REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING

OF THE .

AYRSHIRE BREEDERS' ASSOCIATION

AT

STANWIX HALL, ALBANY, N. Y.

DECEMBER 2, 1903.

The Twenty-ninth Annual Meeting of the Aj^rshire
Breeders' Association was held at Stanwix Hall,
Albany, N. Y., Wednesday, December 2, 1903, in
response to the call of the Secretary, and was called to
order by the President, George H. Yeaton, at 10:15
a. m.

The minutes of the last meeting were read by the
Secretary and approved.

The President appointed J. F. Converse, E. B.
Sherman and H. B. Cater, auditors to examine the
accounts of the Secretary and Treasurer.

The Secretary then proceeded to call the roll,
which was responded to by the following members
present:

Wells, S. M.
Walker, Wm. I.
Fletcher, Etna J.
Yeaton, Geo. H.
Converse, J. F.
Pike, George B.
Huffstator, L.
Brov'.n, Obadiah
Winsor, Nicholas S.
Winslow, Charles M.

Pember, Elmer F.
Cater, H. B.
Holt, Andy
Hayes, Chas. H.
Probasco, W. V.
Ham, Eugene
Tubbs, Ambie S.
Ryder, Arthur B.
Turnbull, Thos. Jr,
Sherman, Everett B.

Doe, Charles C.

The following members responded by proxy:

Bement, George
Gold, T. S.
Palmer, Edwin G.
Blodgett, H. W.
Buckley, J. P.
Libby, Alonzo
Scott, J. McPherson
Bowker, Geo. H.
Calumet Woolen Co.
CoDeland, Davis
Fletcher, Geo. A.
Perle)^ Charles
Sage, Chas. D.
Stone, Geo. F.
Wolcott, C. W.
Scott, John W.
Childs, Harlow N.
Garvin, W. R.
Holt, E. A.

Dorrance, Henry
Larned, j . H.
Sellers, Wm.
Stewart, John
Hunt, A. W.
Harrison, Chas. K.
Bacon, P. K.
Burt, Jairus F.
Knowlton, Geo. W.
Leach, Philo
Peirce, F. C.
Pierce, Geo. H.
Smith, Peter D.
Tyler, Arthur F.
Reeve, C. McC.
Bell, Chas. J.
Clark, Geo. C.
Hayes, Chas. S.
Kimuall, Herbert M.

Rockwood, C. E.
Sawyer, E. E.
Casterline, J. Andrew
Whittingham, W. R.
Hall; hott
Lewis, C. vV.
Dunham, Lawrence
Nichols, James H.
Smith, Oliver
Stowell, W. G.
Wood, Walter J. Jr.
McConnell, A. B.
Butterfield, J. F
Byrne, Patrick
Peck, C. L.
Templeton, Robt.
Bowen, Edward S.
Abell, C. A.
Emerson, Chas. W.
Forest Park Farm
Houghton, Wallace W.
Scott, W. F.
Smith, E. A.
Watson, H. R. C.
Irving, Thos.

Russell, Frank E.
Willoughby, Ai
Farley, F. C.
Cookingham, H. W.
Hatch, Charles E.
Welch, M. G.
McCrea, Robt.
Rodger, G. L.
Stowell, L. D.
Verplank, Samuel
Zabriskie, Andrew C.
Blakeslee, O. P.
Byrne, Christopher
McFadden, Geo. H. by

Supt. John W. Oakey
vShimer, B. Luther
Arnold, Geo. W.
Hinson, W. G.
Drew, L. S.
Fisher, A. H.
Nye, W. C.
Proctor, Fletcher D.
Scribner, G. S.
Vt. Experiment Station
Tschudy, Fred

Thb PrKSIdknT: Last evening our Secretary
received a telegram from Mr. J. D. Magie saying his
father dropped dead in the station at Elizabeth just as
he was starting for Albany to attend this meeting, and
last evening we appointed a committee consisting of
Messrs. Brown, Turnbull and Converse to draft resolu-
tions, which we will now listen to.

Dr. TurnbuIvL: Mr. President, the following
resolutions were drawn b}^ the committee appointed last
evening:

" Whereas, it has pleased our Heavenly Father
to remove, suddenly and unexpectedly, our fellow mem-
ber of the Ayrshire Breeders' Association, J. O. Magie,
who was on his way to attend our meeting;

''Be it Resolved, That we, the members of the Ayr-
shire Breeders' Association, in our annual meeting
assembled, feel that we have lost a friend and comrade,
one whom we all loved for his many striking qualities;
who always had the interests of the Association at heart,
and one w^hose good fellowship we all enjoyed at our
annual meetings and at his home.

' 'Further be it Resolved, That our heartfelt sympathy
be extended to his sorrowing family and that a copy of
these resolutions be sent to the family and spread upon
the minutes of the Association.

OBADIAH BROWN,
THOMAS TURNBULIv, Jr..
J. F. CONVERSE,

Committee."

The President: Gentlemen, what will you do
with the resolutions offered by the Committee ?

Rev. ^r. Pember: I move they be adopted by a
rising vote.

Motion seconded, and carried unanimously, all the
members rising.

The President: We will listen to the financial
report of the Secretary.

FINANCIAL REPORT

Cash on hand at beginning of last year,

Entries and transfers through the year,

Milk record blanks sold,

Private herd books sold,

Herd books.

Pedigree blanks.

Advertisements in Year book received,

For W. V. Probasco 7 day test,

New members, nineteen,

Making a total of

PAID OUT FOR THK PAST YEAR.

Postage, $ 82 67
Telegrams, i 81
Sundries, 6 95
Entry fee returned to Mr. Welch, 5 50
Stenographer, last meeting, 35 50
Brandon Publishing Co., 522 05
Half tone engravings, 21 00
Tuttle & Co. , for printing and bind-
ing Vol. 14, 483 30
Freight, 35
Express, 4 20
Advertisement in Country Gentle-
man, 25 00
Committee meetings, 112 08
Home Dairy Test, 395 17
Banquet at New York, 51 75
Secretary's salary, 500 00
Extra work, 100 00
Personal traveling expenses, 51 97
Balance paid N. S. Winsor, treas-
urer, 876 99

$1126 43

1567 50

9 36

13 50
15 00

2 50

57 00
10 00

.475 00
$3276 29

$3276 29

AUDITORS' REPORT

The committee appointed to examine and audit the
Secretary's account, report aH'correct.

E. B. SHERMAN, )

J. F. CONVERSE, ^Auditors.

H. B. CATER, )

The Skcrktary: I have the itemized bills for
every thing that I have paid out for the Association,
which I should be pleased to read, if anybody cares to
hear them.

The President: Anyone wish to have the item-
ized bills read by the Secretary?

(No answer.)

Report accepted and adopted.

The President: We will now listen to the report
ol the treasurer.

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TREASURER'S REPORT.

Casli balance in hands of treasurer

January i, 1903,
Received from sales of books.
Notes from Secretary,

Postage and expressage,
Deposited in bank,

^

5^

55

75

876

99

$5

36

50

00

$933 24
55 36

Cash balance in hands of treasurer

December 2, 1903, $877 88

Balance bank book Jan. i, 1903, $4201 08
E>eposited March 31, 1903, 50 00

Dividend May i, 1903, 83 62

Dividend November i, 1903, 86 68

4421 38

Total funds in hands of treasurer

December i, 1903, $5299 26

We have this day examined the account of N. S.
Winsor, Treasurer, and find it correct.

J. F. CONVERSE, )

E. B/ SHERMAN, ^Auditors.

H. B. CATER, )

December 2, 1903.

SECRETARY'S REPORT

The general interest in Ayrshire cattle judging
from the inquiry for information, in regard to the breed
and where cattle can be bought is somewhat on the
gain, but reliable information to attract new men
towards the breed is scarce and hard to obtain.

The breeders of Ayrshire cattle do not seem anxious
to sell, and they seem almost unwilling to let the out-
side world find out how good are the cattle for fear it
would seem that they would be pestered with buyers.

Ayrshires have been bred in this country for a good
many years,^ but never with any concerted action among
the breeders to build up their dairy capacity, and still
we find now and then a phenominal cow.

The other dairy breeds have, when a phenominal
cow appeared, made her the foundation oi a dairy
family, and by judicious crossing have tried to build up
the dair}^ qualit}^ of their respective breeds. Hut the
Ayrshire breeders have almost ignored the dairy capa-
city of their cows in their attempts to follow some fad in
the breed other than the dairs^ 3^ield, and it has greatly
tended to keep back the progress of the breed. For the
trend of all breeding at the present time is for phenom-
inal records and while the breeders of other cattle are
breeding and testing for great dair}^ yields the A yrshire
men are talking about what proportion of white shall a
cow have, and shall her horns drop or stand upright.

I remember some years ago I found it difiicult to
sell bulls with more white than red, and today it is
difficult to sell bulls with more red than white, no mat-
ter what their backing may be for dairy production.

There seems to be on the part of a good many
breeders a desire to go to Canada for Ayrshires. Why
they should do this I do not know, for all the com-

parative records tlia't are reliable show th - States hred
Ayrshire to be superior to the Canadian, though in oraJ
report of the 5delds of Canadian cows they are superior.

There appears to be an increased importation oi
Ayrshires from Scotland, some being equal m dairy
yield to our States bred, and some not. There are two
types of Ayrshires in Scotland, the dairy and the show.
The importation of the dairy type may be of advantage
when they have long teats, for there is a tendency
among many of our breeders to pay too little attention
to the shape of the udder, and the Scotch are very par-
ticular about this in their cows, but the importation of
the show type with large horns and small teats, sJiould
be discontinued, for it has taken the American breeders
of Ayrshires many years to overcome and breed away
from the early mistakes of Ayrshire importers, and has
more than any one thing given the Ayrshire cattle an
unfavorable reputation among dairymen.

The dairymen of the United States today want a
cow of fair size, a large milker and with comfortable
teats.

DEATHS

The following deaths of members have been re-
ported:

Peter Couts, Mayfield, Cal.

N. P. Jones, Billerica, Mass*

D. A. Massey, Asylum Station, Mass*

T. Allman Cochrane, Baltimore, Md.

C. H. Boynton, Lisbon, N. H.

F. H. Mason, Leon, Ohio.

J. O. Magie, Elizabeth, N. J.

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The following are clippings from two of the JSTew-
Jersey state papers:

John O. Magie, whose home for a number of years
was at El Mora, fell dead in the Central Railroad sta-
tion at that place at 9:30 o'clock this morning.

Mr. Magie entered the station in company with his
daughter-in-law, and purchased tickets, both intend-
ing to leave on the train at 9:34 o'clock for Albany,
where Mr. Magie had expected to attend a convention
tomorrow. Soon after he had purchased the tickets he
dropped to the floor dead. Heart disease was the cause
of his death.

Mr. Magie was born in the house which has ever
since been his home on the Magie road. For many
years he was engaged in the dry goods business at
Broad and East Jerse}^ streets. In recent 3^ears he was
a large farmer and stock raiser, and was frequently
awarded prizes at the fairs at Waverh^ and elsewhere
for blooded cattle.

He united with the Second Presbyterian Church
when a young man, and for several years was a ruling
elder, holding that office at the time of his death. He
was a faithful attendant at the church services. Mr.
Magie was a zealous Republican, and was one of the
young men who, in 1856, assisted in the formation of
the Republican party. He was one of the charter mem-
bers of the Union County Board of Agriculture and a
regular attendant at its meetings, where his counsels
were much sought.

His wife, who died a few 3^ears ago, was a sister of
Hon. Amos Clark. Mr. Magie leaves two sons, John
D. and Barnes P. Magie, and one daughter, Mrs.
Leary.

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There are some features of the life of John O.
Magie, who died suddenly in Union county on Tuesday
last, that are noteworthy in themselves and encouraging
to those who find themselves unable to succeed against
sharp competition in mercantile pursuits. He was a
retail dry goods merchant thirty years ago, and had one
of the best stores in Elizabeth, but he did not succeed,
and his whole stock was sola at auction. He at once
took up farming and cattle raising. Jerseys were in
great vogue and brought enormous prices in those days,
but Mr. Magie contented himself with Ayrshires, which
were then neither fashionable nor costly, though always
reliable and considered the most useful for general pur-
poses. He bred Ayrshires with great care, developed
their best qualities, and they rewarded his intelligent
efforts not only vvith good money, but with many
honors. lie exhibited his cattle at all the great agri-
cultural fairs from Massachusetts down to Virginia, and
won premiums wherever he went. He was a hard worker
and made his farm and dair}^ pay through constant
activity and intelligent care. The instances in which
unsuccessful merchantmen became successful farmers
and cattle breeders are not so numerous, in this section
of the country, that one so marked can fail to be instruc-
tive. It goes to show that agriculture will, if properly
followed, not only afford a living, but permit the achieve-
ment of honor and a fair degree of wealth. — Newark
Evening News.

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NEW MEMBERS

Patrick Bj^rne & Sons, St. Joseph, Pa.

W. C. Stowell, Black Creek, N. Y.

R. Parker & Son, Ferrisburgh, Vt.

Forest Park Farm, Brandon, Vt.

J. P. Buckley, Stroudwater, Me.

J. C. Osgood, Redstone, Colorado.

Harlow N. Childs, Piermont, N. H.

Ai. Willoughby, Woodsville, N. H.

J. Walter Wood, Jr., Short-Hills, N. J.

G. L. Rodger, Gouverneur, N. Y.

S. S. Karr& Sons, Almond, N, Y.

Robert Templeton & Son, Ulster, Pa.

C. E. Rockwood& Son, Temple, N. H.

Wallace W. Houghton, Lyndonville, Vt.

h. Huffstater, Sandy Creek, N. Y.

M. G. Welch & Son, Bur.ie, N. Y.

C. W. Lewis & Sons, Alfred Station, N. Y.

Louis H. Kenyon, Utopia, N. Y.

C. R. Hatch, Gainesville, N. Y.

We printed last year, and issued. Vol. 14 of the
Herd Book. We prepared a private Herd register for
use ol breeders capable of accommodating seventy-five
cows with an extended pedigree for five generations of
produce of cows, for a lifetime of service of eight years,
and a record of her daily yield for milk and butter for
each month, all convenient on one page, with the name
of the owner and various remarks which he might add,
at a cost of about ninety cents a volume — which we can
sell and make the Association whole by selling to mem-
bers present for $r 25, or send by mail postage paid, for
$1.50. We have two hundred and fifty. They are
books that will be valuable as long as the Association

15
exists. Dr. TurnbuU gave me great assistance in get-
ting these out. We think it is of great value to breeders.

We also issued milk record blanks, a new series
with a change that accommodates thirty-four cow^s, on
better paper than before.

We had a large number of blanks for extending
pedigree to five generations printed, as a good many
breeders wanted them for their own convenience.

The Association for the last year has increased in
membership, and the entries to the herd register have
largely increased, so that we are obliged to close the
volume the first of January. In order to keep the vol-
umes at a uniform size of about 350 pages, we have to
issue a book onv:e in eighteen months. A few years
ago, in order to get about 100 to 150 pages, w^e ran two
years, whic i shows an increase of registering in the
Secretary's office and show^s that the issuing: of herd
books is largely on the increase, more cattle, more mem-
bers, and more business.

We have also issued a Year Book. We found that
while this is rather expensive and requires a good deal
of work, 3^et v/e find it is a very valuable book for the
dissemination of knowledge of Ayrshire Cattle. We
frequently have letters sent from experiment stations all
over the country wanting to know if they can have
twenty-five or fifty or a hundred copies of the books
sent to them to distribute in their Agricultural classes.
These go to /oung men that are being educated and
scattered through different parts of the country. We
have a great many inquiries from people wanting
information in regard to Ayrshire Cattle and we enclose
one of these Year Books. We also frequently have let-
ters wanting to know if there are any Ayrshire Cattle
in various sections, and we put a mark on the page
referring to the state where this man is and send it to

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him which makes a very quick and convenient way of
advertising. We also print in it the Constitution and
the official records. When we first started we printed
private records of milk and butter yields because thej^
were all we had, but we now have official records and
we dropped out the unofficial and they are not used in
the book. We publish details of experimental station
work, and in that way we feel we are giving the public
what we can absolutely believe is based on what, to the
best of our information, is correct. We thought it was
wise not to admit any pictures in this book, except those
that were from half-tones, from photographs of cows and
bulls, because very often you could have a painting
made or a picture taken from a painting which would,
in itself, be a picture representing a better cow, and it
seemed to us it was not true. The Association felt that
for the dignity, the integrit}^ and for the permanent and
lasting improvement of the Association, they should
adhere strictly ;o that which is absolutely true; there-
fore we use half-tones, from photographs of the animals,
w^hile a great many times there are defects in them, it is
because of defects in the cows and nobod}' is deceived.
The records, while they are not as large as perhaps
we could guess at, or could perhaps write out on
paper, they are true. We feel that in pursuing the
course ot absolute truth and absolute integrity, being
able to back up all our statements, we are not deceiving
an\4>ody and the progress we make as an Association
in disseminating knowledge as to A5^rshire Cattle and
in spreading the popularit}^ of the breed, is steadily
gaining on a solid basis.

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REPORT OF COnniTTEE ON HOME DAIRY TESTS

Your Committee would report on the test ending
March 31st last, that there were about seventy-five cows
tested, with the following results: That forty-two gave
a record of over 300 lbs. of butter and two over 4.00 lbs.
Of these one gave below 6000 lbs. of milk, forty-one
over 6000 lbs., thirty-two over 7000 lbs., fourteen ovef
8000 lbs., five over 9000 lbs. Of these, four qualified for
advanced registrj^ as mature cows.

The prizes awarded for single cow were:

First. To Maurine, 13422, for 7839 lbs. of milk,
4.9 per cent, fat, 433 lbs. of butter; owned by James J.
Hill, St. Paul, Minn., I30.00.

Second. To Miss Ollie, 12039, with 8408 lbs. of
milk, 13.59 total solids, 4.4 butter-fat, 425 lbs. of but-
ter; owned b}^ L,. S. Drew, So. Burlington, Vt., $20.00.

Third. To Acelista, 12094, with 9289 lbs. of milk,
12.31 total solids, 3.7 butter-fat, 392 lbs. of butter;
owned b}^ C. M. Winslow & Son, Brandon, Vt,, $10. co.

HERD PRIZES.

W. V. PROBASCO, CREAM RIDGE, N. J., ISt, $75.00.

Lbs. Milk Per cent, fat. Butter.

Ploe 7986 4.3 391.28

Mvsie ot Barcheskie 9228 3.8 392.53

Roma 8371 3-87 367.56

?^efirl Clvde 7824 4.1 363.79

Katv Did 7299 4 2 356.87

40,708 4. 1877.03

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aKO. H. YEATON, DOVER, N. H., 2d, $50. OO.

Lbs. Milk. Per cent fat Butter

Miss Olga 7762 4 4 397.36

Pomenah 7576 4 58 389.51

Biona 6886 3 65 34192

Xoa 8008 3.72 341.71

Gebic. 7471 3 88 336.09

37,703 4. 1806.59

HOWARD COOK, BKIvOlT, OHIO, 3d, $25.00.

Per cent.
Lbs, Milk. total solids Per cent. fat. Butter.

Kallev 9190 12.47 3 70 394 58

JnezDouo^las 7663 14.16 4.S4 385.97

Miss Fleda Douglas. 7758 12. 74 3 70 335 93

Belle's Cherry 6913 12.96 3 60 313.65

Little Douolas 8178 11.51 3,38 311 87

39,702 12 64 3.74 1742.00

While none of these records are phenomenal, they
have the advantage of being reliable, and are worth
much more to recommend the breed to the public, than
much larger records that are largely guess work.

These records are made at home under the ordinary
methods of care and management, and are the 3delds
that any careful breeder and feeder might expect to
obtain from his cows.

None of them were fed more than was profitable
to be done for the ordinary dairy use of his cows.

We have over loo cows in the test now going on,
some herds in the East, some in the West and one in the
South, giving us the reliable knowledge of how Ayr-
shires can do in all sorts of climate and care.

We believe the Home Dairy Test taken in connec-
tion with testing for the Advanced Registry is of great
advantage to the breed and especially to those who
participate in the test.

The time has gone by when statements of an
indefinite nature will be accepted as the records of cows

19

and the time of simply private records is also passing.
What the public wants to know is really what a cow
of a given breed will really do at the pail, and there is a
demand for official records. In publishing the Year
Book for the past year we put in only the official records
that we had, believing it for the best interests of the
breed to make truth the only foundation, and that veri-
fied by outside evidence.

We would recommend tQ the Association that they
continue the Home Dairy Test, with the same appro-
priation, and would urge on all breeders of Ayrshires
the advantages of placing their herds in this test.

This year we have one hundred and twenty-five
cows entered. The test is being carried on by the
owners and inspected by the experiment stations and
tabulated by the Secretary. Last 3^ear we had seventy-
five cows, and the report ended the last daj^ of March.
I would say here that it seemed wise to me and I took
the responsibility of not printing in the newspapers the
result of last year. Last year was a hard year on dairy-
men all through the countiy, our cattle did not make
the phenomenal records of three 5^ears ago. Of the
whole seventy-five, one had ten thousand pounds of
milk, four hundred and thirt^^ three pounds was the
highest butter yield. While that is a good record, and
true, yet, I thought it unwise for us to get out flaming
notices that the Ayrshires in their Home Dairy Test
had given official records which fell under ten thousand
pounds of milk and put it in the hands of people all
over the country, not friendly towards the breed, who
might handle it against us. "The year before we had
cows that went over ten thousand pounds and we pub-
lished it broadcast.

The Home Dairj^ Tests with the Advanced Regis-
ter I believe is the foundation of a very valuable data

20

that will be of lasting benefit to Ayrshire Cattle because
it displays their superior merit, and I think those who
have entered it have been abundantly pleased and
repaid. I would like to ask Mr. Probasco, for instance^
if he does not feel he has been abundantly paid, or some
of the other gentlemen here. I have no doubt, gentle-
men, that there are a number of cows that are not
entered by breeders that ought to go into that Home
Dairy Test. I have no doubt but that" breeders have
cows they are milking every day and not weighing the
milk that are better than the cows entered in the dairy-
tests. I think those going in the Homic Dairs Test and
giving to the public the result of their tests, are worthy
of a good deal of commendation, although they may not
be able to give a phenomenal yield. I think it is a
starting point, the opening of a new era for Ayrshire
Cattle and that the cattle will come to be known as
reliable yielders of dairy products of good, fair quantity,
and we hope every year will add to our phenomenal
yields.

The President: There were some matters that
were brought before the Executive Committee last even-
ing that might be presented at this time.

The Secretary: Tiiere are some members to be
elected. Mr. E. E. Button, of Melrose, N. Y., here
present, washes to become a member of the Association;
Arthur B. Ryder, of Barnerville, N. Y., who has paid
his entrance fee, is also here. I- would move, Mr. Presi-
dent, that these two gentlemen be elected. I will vouch
for both Mr. Ryder and Mr. Button as reliable breeders,
because I have recf-ived their applications for entries
and they have been in good shape, and I believe they
are reliable breeders. ^

The President: I would like to present, the
name, also, of Walter G. Turner, of Duxbury, Vt. I
can vouch for him.

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The question was then put as to the election of the
three gentlemen named, and the President declared
them duly elected members of the Association.

The Secretary: Last evening at the meetinij of
the Executive Committee, it was voted to recommend to
the Association that they instruct the Secretary to
charge a fee of fifty cents for making out custom house
papers for cattle that were imported from Canada.

Mr. FeETCHER: I move the recommendation be
accepted and adopted.

Seconded by Rev. Dr. Pember.

Motion carried.

The Secretary: It was voted last night to recom-
mend to the Association that they continue for the next
year the Home Dairy Tests under the same arrange-
ment as last year with the same appropriation of money.

The President: What will you do with that
recommendation ?

Mr. Sherman: I move that it be accepted and
adopted as stated. v

Seconded by Rev. Dr. Pember.

Motion carried.

The Secretary: It might be well to appoint
your Committee on the Home Dairy Test. Last year it
consisted of Messrs. Thomas Turnbull, Jr., John W.
Scott, of Austin, Minn., and myself.

Mr. Sherman: Wouldn't it be well to appoint
members of the Committee closely by each other?

The Secretary: It w^ould be more convenient
to appoint those who could meet without going too far.
Dr. TurnouU gave us efficient service.. Mr. Scott, no
doubt, would meet with us, if he could. He tried to,
but for some reason he could not.

22

Dr. Doe: Mr. President, I move that some active
breeder not too far from the others be added in place of
Mr. Scott on the committee.

Seconded by Mr. Converse.

The President: You mean that the other two
shall serve, doctor ?

Dr. Doe: Yes.

Motion carried.

Mr. Sherman: I would suggest the name of Mr.
E. J. Fletcher.

Seconded by Rev. Dr. Pember.

Motion carried.

The Secretary: I would like, Mr. President, to
ask Mr. Fletcher and Mr. Probasco what their experi-
ence in regard to the Home Dairy Test for its personal
advanttxge has been to them.

Mr. Fletcher: I think it has b?en a great ad-
vantage. I have made a dairy test of some cow^s before
the year I was in the test. The year I was in the test
I found one cow made a much better record than she did
that year, that is, some cows made as good a record and
some havu't done as well. I have not kept a record of
her this year and I know she has been in milk longer.
I think this cow's record will be very close to ten thous-
and pounds of milk. I am very sorry I havn't kept a
record of her. I notice when people come to buy A3^r-
shires the}^ call for the progeny of some cows that w^ere
in the test. Though I have heifers from cows which
w^ere not in the test w^hich I call equally as good or bet-
ier, thej^ prefer the calves from those cows that w^ere in
the test; and I think it is very beneficial for Aj^rshire
breeders to go in the test.

Mr. Probasco: Mr. President, I can say the same
as Mr. Fletcher. I have been very much benefitted in
the same way. Most of the purchasers w^ho come want

23

calves from cows that were in the test, regardless of
some other young heifers that I thought were just as
^ood, or better. They seem to prefer the ones that have
an official record, they thought the}^ could rely on that.
Also, it has been quite a surprise to me, some of my
cows that I thought were m}/ best cows that were in the
test did not come up to some of the others. Some cows
were not quite as heavy milkers for a little while, but
when it came to the full year would have better records.
I think it has been a great benefit to me in a good many
ways. I think it will keep our cows up in a better way,
for I notice the difference a little sooner. I know each
day if my cows are doing well and a good deal of the
time when some of the men were doing the milking
they didn't notice it or say anything about it. Now
when they come to milk I can see the difference; and if
a cow is not up where she belongs, I can find, out what
is the matter. I think all breeders would be benefitted
if they would come into this dairy test, from what I saw
of it last year.

Mr. Tucker: I would like to ask the members if
they don't find the inquiries which they are receiving
now, are asking much more for the products of the cow
and the records than they were a few years ago ? Don't
you get more inquiries asking what are cow^s records
than you did a few 3^ears ago ?

Mr. Fletcher: Yes, verj^ much.

Mr. Probasco: I have not been breeding so very
long; I cannot tell you. I think there is possibly a
change in the inquiries that come in. They ask,
"AV^^t have your cows done ?" "Have you any figures
to show ?" "If you can show official figures why it is
so much the better ?"

Mr. Fletcher: I think if you can give a test
which they consider altogether reliable as to the amount

24

of milk, they will often buy where otherwise they might
not.

Mr. TurnbulIvI I received not a great while ago,
a letter from a man who w^anted to buy a heifer out of a
cow that would give ten thousand pounds of milk. I
didn't send an}^ calf, but it shows, simpl}^ that buyers
are after cows that are producers.

Mr. Pike: I would like to ask Mr. Fletcher why
he is not in the test wdth his cows since he has been
benefitted ?

Mr. Fletcher: I found I had to keep a record
at each milking when I was in the test, it took quite a
little time of my assistant and myself.

Mr. Pike: How much time ?

Mr. Fletcher: Quite a good deal of time.

Mr. Pike: That doesn't answer the question, 3'ou
are dodging the point, if the thing was such a good
thing to 3^ou, and that particular thing was such a good
to breeders, wh}^ didn't 3^ou continue it? What is the
matter of a little time ?

Mr. Fletcher: Well, it is money. You must
keep an accurate record, which takes a good deal of
time from the time of milking. You have got to weigh
the milk of a good man}^ cows, and, besides that, I
don't ieel a breeder can make an extra record ev^ery
year with his herd. That is, if he makes a big record
for one 3^ear he can't always make it for the next.

Mr. Pike: That the cows can't do an}- year what
the cows have done some one year ?

Mr. Fletcher: That is certainly right.

Mr. Turnbull: There is a point there, Doesn't a
continuous record show up the cow's value much more
than an intermittent one ?

Mr. Fletcher: It does, doctor.

>

o
u

O

25

Dr.. TurnewIvV. Tliat is, i! 3^ou taVe a cow for oti^
year, the record may be poor, but if 3^ou take it for a
series ol years, if the record covers a period of say three
or four years, the true work of the cow is broug-ht out,
and isn' t that record better than a single one year test ?
"When 5^ou come to dispose of animals, I should think
that would be exceedingl}^ valuable.

Mr. Fx:e:tchkr: That is certainly right.

Dr, TurnbuIvL: Of conrse, we can't make the
•conditions the same every year, but in the longer period
we can determine the tiiie value,

Mr. Pixb: My experience is, it doesnH take Very
much time from your milking, if you have one of these
milk sheets you get from Mr. Winslow and you nail it
up in the barn, or on some side wall, and get one of
those scales you can get from Moseler Company for
about $3 . 75 that weighs the pounds and tenths of pounds^
up to sixty pounds, and guaranteed accurate. You can
set it so it balances with the pail on and you know
pretty near when setting it down what weight it will
make, if it will make nine pounds and one-tenth or
twenty-three pounds and three-tenths and 3^ou mark
that on the sheet; it doesn't take half a minute.

Mr. Fi^btcher: I send milk to Boston and I can
figure it up very closely. I send about thirty cans a
day, and I know about what each one weighs.

A Member: You will find it occupies much more
time to weigh the milk than you think. You have got
to carry out the milk separately to the scales, and empty
into a pail and set the pail down for every milking;
whereas, if a man doesn't keep an accurate record, he
can put in the milk of two or three cows. You will find
it takes considei able longer to w^eigh each cow's milk
separately.

Mr. Fletcher: And keep a record of it.

26

A Member: I have kept a record since i8?o and
I find it takes about two minutes on an average tc»
weigh a cow's milk.

Mr. FlETCHEij,; When we are in a hurry to get
the milk out at half past five o'clock every minute
eount& where there are thirty or forty cows to milk.

Mr. Pike: We get up a quarter after fovsr every
morning in the year.

Mr. FIvETCher: We get up at five o'clock, two»
of us, and we milk thirty cans a day^ so j^ou can see w^e
don't have much time to stand about.

The Secretary: What Mr. Wells says coin-
cides with my own experience. I found in having a
record oi each separate cow in the stable I have often-
times been able to save more money on one individual
cow than what it would cost in time for a year for the
test. I sometimes find that the cow's record is off, that
the cow has dropped. Now your men wouldn't say
anything about it, but I go to that cow and see w^hat is
the matter with her, and find she is sick, and it gives
me an opportunity to get in before the disease has made
progress. Sometimes I find a cow is not reported, and
on investigation I find that cow- has been skipped.
Every man knows that if you let a cow go over one
milking it will hurt her more than the cost ci weighing
a season's milk. I don't think it costs the members
anything when you come to consider what 5^ou are liable
to save in the knowledge of your cov s. Then you know
exactly which is your best cow. If you guess at it you
don't know. The cost of two minutes a day at $1.25 a
day w^ouldn't amount to very much in the course of a
year.

Mr. Weles: I would not be without this milk
record if it had taken twice as mu?h time as it does. I

^7
look it over every week and sometimes oftener. We
know prett}'' nearly just what eacli cow is doing.

Mr. Hayes: I would like to ask Mr. Wells if it
takes two minutes to weigh the milk, how long it takes
to milk the cow? (Laughter.)

Mr. WeIvIvS": It depends on the icrow and the milker
■entirely.

Mr, Hayes: I think it is a great benefit. We have
weighed our milk every milking from the cows and we
have the records filed away for thirty years, and as Mn
Winslow says, if a cow falls off, we findout immediately
what the matter is"; and, again, your men, when they
are milking them, will milk them drier, for they feel
like keeping their cow's record up, each milker and
•each individual cow. They look it over every night and
every morning to see if they are holding their milk-.
We have one person to set the milk down. It is a great
advantage. You know what 5^our cows are doing. It
doesn't take half a minute to weigh the milk of a cow.

Rev, Dr. Pember: My experience in the matter
is entirely in favor of weighing the milk every milk-
ing, the milk of every milking cow* I can fix this scale
in a second and set the pail on the scale, and see what
the weight is. There is nothing that will help more to
sell the products than this dairy record. I, several
times, have taken men to my farm to show them the
cows, and when they came along to the milk record
which was set up in the back part of the barn, it settled
the question and it sold the cow for me. The}' saw what
the cow's yield was by figures obtained in a way which
they were intelligent enough to appreciate.

Dr, Turnbule: It seems to me that all this
evidence is very cumulative, and each one of us recog-
nizes we have been benefitted by keeping records. I
think that each one of us has been benefitted in just

2S

those cases, and if we have been benefitted by our pnVate
records, each one will be more benefitted by the official
records of this Home Dairy Test..

Tke Skcretary: Mr. President, there is one lit-
tle matter in regard to this advertisement account of the
Country Gentleman, I would like to inquire of the
representative oi the Country Gentleman here, when
our advertisement began last year ?

Mr, Chapman: It appeared in our paper com-
mencing May 2 1 St. The contract was made for a A^ear.
It has already passed the six months mark and will
expire the last week of this coming May.

The Secretary: As I said before, we paid one
bill, there has been but one bill sent in. I had not kept
track of the exact time.

Mr. Chapman: Undoubtedly, the bill for the
second quarter will be mailed within a short time.

The President: Gentlemen, what will you do
in regard to the advertisement for another j^ear in the
Country Gentleman ?

Mr. Wells: I move the advertisement be con-
tinued for another 3-ear, at the same price.

Mr. Pike: I would like to ask if the Association
cannot have an advertisement in both the Country Gen-
tleman and Hoard's Dairyman.

Mr. Chapman: I wish to state, Mr. President,
that the space that is occupied by the Ayrshire Breed-
ers' Association in our paper, to an ordinary advertiser
who might come to as for that space, would be $187.00,
but in order to have the Ayrshire Breeders appear along
with those of other Associations who are with us, the
Holstein-Friesian, American Jersey Cattle Club, to have
them all together, we have made a rate to you people of
$100, a remarkable cheap price for the space you occupy,
about one inch and a half.

29

The Secretary: I would state that when the
Association authorized nie to make the contract with Mr.
Tucker, if it could be done on reasonable basis, I told
Mr. Tucker that we couldn't give but one hundred dol-
lars anyway. I told him we were a poor Association
and hadn't the money the Jersey people or the Holstein
people had; but we would like to advertise if we could
get it at a reasonable price, but that was all we could
pay.

Mr. Pike: I move the advertisement in the Coun-
try Gentlemen be continued for one 3^ear at the same
price.

Motion seconded and carried.

Mr. Pike: I move that the Executive Committee
and the Secretary, in their judgment, or rather that
they be empowered to contract with Hoard's Dairyman
for a similar advertisement, if, in their judgment, thej/
deem it wise.

The President: To be left optional with the
Secretar}^ and the Executive Committee ?

Mr. Pike: Yes.

Motion seconded by Rev. Dr. Pember.

Motion carried.

The Secretary: Mr. President, I would like to
state here that the Country Gentleman had the courtesy
to send us one hundred of these badges (indicating)
making us a gift of them. The Country Gentleman has
taken a great deal of pains in giving us notices of our
meeting, and they are very careful to give us a printed
report of all our transfers which are sent in as fast as
they come in, they are kept up close. A great many
courtesies have been extended to us by the "Country
Gentleman" which I apprehend they would not have
given if it had not been for the fact of our being adver-
tisers in the paper, the fact that we are one of their

30

patrons. We are all apt to do courtesies and kindnesses
when looking after our own people. These are not the
association's but the "Countr}^ Gentleman's (indicating
badges.)

The PresidKnt : It seems to me there ought, at
least, be a vote of thanks extended.

Mr, Fletcher : I move that a vote of thanks be
extended for the badges and for their courtesies.

Motion seconded and unanimouslj^ carried:

The Secretary : I would like to state that the
Executive Committee last evening voted to recommend
to the Association that the St. Louis Exposition test of
dairy cows be not entered into. This was the report of
a Committee which was composed of Mr. Converse,
Mr. Doe and myself, and later the Executive Commit-
tee authorized our report to be made to the Association.

The President : You have heard of the action
of the Executive Committee in relation to the dairy test
at the St. Louis Exposition. What will you do with
that recommendation ?

Mr. Pike : I think some of us would be inter-
ested in hearing the reasons.

The Secretary : Perhaps Mr. Converse and
Mr. Doe will make statements and I will follow.

Mr. Converse : Mr. President, in the first place,
their tests were so rigid we could not undertake to put
the mone}' in to enter it. They saw it was necessary
and desirable that the test should go on and they modi-
fied it quite largel5\ but they waited so late it was
practically impossible for us to get ready. The Jersey
breeders put their cattle out there a year ago or more,
and they have got them fitted to stand the hardship
connected with the hot weather, etc., and we would
have to take our cattle from the North and East, and
keep them there for six months right in the hottest

31
weather of the season and the cattle could not do their
best. To go into a test when we knew we would be
second or third would not be good policy, to say noth-
ing of the expense connected wnth it, therefore the
Committee thought it proper to abandon the same.
You are all aware, no doubt, that the Jersey people and
the Short Horns are the only two breeds that are tak-
ing part in this test. I met the President of the Hol-
stein-Friesian Association /esterday morning in coming
here, and I asked him if they were going into this test,
and he said, " we are not unless we are forced. If you
gentlemen say you are going into it, we sha)l have to.
If not, we will simply let the Jerseys go in it and run
the dairy for the 3^ear practically alone."

Dr. Dob : I would like just to make one point,
Mr. President, that is, in the light of our records of our
Home Dairy tests for the past year, it does not seem to
me it would be exactly wise for us to go down there
and take our cows that have made such a record as the}-
have — take them down in a Southerii climate to com-
pete with Jerseys which have been down there for a
year. We don't want to publish our records this year,
and I don't think it would be policy to publish our
records next year at St. Louis.

Another point, Mr. Converse spoke of the matter
of expense. Inasmuch as we have but $5,000 in the
treasury, and the estimated cost of this is $10,000, it
seems to me very foolish for the Association to run head
over heels in debt for tne purpose of going to St. I^ouis.

The Skcrbtary : The Jersey men have, for a
year or two, been getting th ir cows down there, out
on a farm, getting them acclimated and in the best con-
dition for this dairy test. I do not think it wise to
enter into a contest with the best Jersey cows in the
United States and the Island of Jersey with thirty or

32

forty thousand dollars back of them. The i\yrshire
is not, eminently, a butter cow ; but what the Expo-
sition there would like to have done is to put the Ayr-
shire in as a cheese cow. Now, would it be wise for
the A57rshire breeders to send down fifteen or twenty
cows simply for cheese ? It would cost more than we
would get out of it. Another thing : At first they
would not accept less than fifteen cows for six months,
but now they will take five cows for a hundred days,
but it is too late. The Jerseys have been down all this
time working at it. The Kolstein people will not
enter, nor the Guernsey people, and why should the
Ayrshire when the result is not going to benefit the
Aj^rshires ?

Mr. Pike : I move that the report be adopted.
vSeconded by Rev. Dr. Pember.
Motion carriea.

Thk Secretary : The question last night in
regard to the ring show at St. Louis was brought up,
and it was left with the recommendation that it be
brought up today for discussion in open meeting. Last
3'ear we voted not to exceed $500 for aid to making the
show at St. Louis a success in the ring, and 3'our Com-
mittee consisted of Mr. Converse, Mr. Doe and myself.
It was our opinion last year that the money should be
used in assistance to breeders to make up what ;hey
were lacking in their herds, but there seems to be an
objection to offering special prizes and having them
limited to just the animals shown from the States. This
was done at the World's Fair at Chicago because the
Canadians declined to appropriate a like amount v/ith
the Association, so we confined it to our own cattle, but
5'our Committee thought the money might be used in
aid of exhibitors, in transportation of such cattle as they

o

00

<
P
m

O
O

o

w
o

33

■might need to purchase to make up what they were
lacking in their own herds.

Mb.. Coj>n^RSK: Mr. President, this is a question
of a good deal of importance to the A37rshire Breeders
of the States. Our brethren in Canada are doing their
level best to knock us, to use a homely expression. At
the Pan-American the}^ appropriated $50,000 to be used
by a Committee appointed for that purpose who
■examined the various herds of live stock to be presented
and no animal, or herd, was represented except it went
through the hands of this Committee for inspection and
approval, which meant that their very best were shown.
And those of 3^ou who had the pleasure of looking upon
the show of A3^rshire Cattle had the pleasure of seeing
the best class of Aj^rshire Cattle shown at any Exposi-
tion. There vtere thirt3' -seven entries many of which
w^ere imported expressl3^ for that show. Well, nov/
they have a repetition of the same thing, emphasized
strongh^ by^ an additional $50,000. The3" went awa3^
from that show and. reported to the Government that
they were satisfied with that exposition, and satisfied
with the expenditure of the $50,000. That it w^ould be
in their interests in the sales, etc., connected with it;
and I am told by good authorit3^ that up to a short time
ago the 3^ expected that $100, coo would be put up by the
Canadian Government and that the best men the3^ have
got for the position ^vould be appointed to take charge
of it. Well, now, if our Association quietly sits down
and does nothing, we abandon the field to them, and
then comes the question of whether or not we shall do
that. It would be tacitly admitting we havn't A3'r-
shires to compete with that hot competition that we may
expect, and the question com.es home to us, what shall
we, of the Association, do in the premises? Shall we
quietl3^ sit at home and throw up the sponge, and let

34

{hem take the field, or shall each mem^jer of the Asso-
ciation take hold and do the best we canto make a cred-
itable show ? I think that is one of the reasons why the
President and Secretar}^ saw fit to call this meeting
early in the year as they have done. If we undertake
to do* our best at that show, we havn't a minute to lose.
There is much to be acconiDlished between this and
that time. This show business is not a matter that can
be taken up at will, to be prepared fully and well to da
what the Ayrshires are capable of doing. It remains
for the Association, now at this meeting, to determine
what they are willing to do for the breeders connected
with this Association. If they have here and there phen-
omenal animals they are walling to put up in this show^
that is one of the things the Committee w^ants to find
out and find it out at once. Last year we moved, as has-
been stated b^^ the Secretary, that the five hundred dol-
lars pay the freight of the animals from their homes to
the homes of the exhibitors, and some arrangements as
to terms of sale could be made whereby these animals
could be secured, etc., and that we undertake to fill up
three or four, or more, herds. We certainly should not
go out there with less than five or six good herds. We
can do that if we are in earnest. I understand there
will be three herds from this State; that is, it is talked
about. I don't know that the thing is determined, but
certainly they will make an exhibit. We are leaning
that way a little and Mr. Schanck also leans that way,
and I have heard that Mr. Bell, of Rome, will go there.

A Mbmbke.: It is not absolutely decided, possibl}^.

Mr. Converse: Well, I have it in another way
that he is going just the same.

A Member: Well, he is not now certain.

Mr. Converse : There are Dtherswho will show,
and if all show who talk about it, we will get five or six

35

Tierds. These herds should be composed of the best
possible animals owned anywhere in the States. We
'Cannot afford to do less, and the best way to accomplish
that and the means to accomplish it is for j^our consid-
•eration today.

Thk President : Shall we hear from another
member of'the Committee, Dr. Doe ?

Dr. Doe : Mr. President, I have been looking'
over the motion of last year, which is that five hundred
dollars can onl}^ be used for special prizes in the ring,
and I w^ould move that the motion be so amended as to
allow the Comrnittee to expend not to exceed five hun-
dred dollars for the best interests of the show ring at
St. Louis. Your Committee would like, if possible, to
have three or four herds shown in the Ayrshire class,
and have them types of the breed and representative
animals, and a credit to all who have anything to do
with them. Our thought was that we might get a few
breeders from different parts of the country interested
in this, and expend what seemed necessary of this five
hundred dollars in helping transport his animals.

This motion was seconded and carried.

It seems that this five hundred dollars can be used
for transportation, and can be used for any purpose the
Committee sees fit that will tend to the purpose of bet-
tering the showing at St. Louis. I think the question
whether the showings that are to be made should be
referred to this, or any other. Committee, is one that
ought to be decided very quickl}^ Because an^^onethat
is inclined to show, if he thinks he has a show herd
that would be a credit, particularly if he has got to
refer to this Committee, something has got to be done
immediately. We only have a few months between
now and September to prepare, and that is not long.
We ought to know now whether this Committee is

56

goirg to have all these things referred to it, and we
also ought to decide today if any man wants an indi-
vidual animal, if the}' shall find that animal for him. If
so, the Committee ought to be authorized to do it and
get right at it. There is one other point, the financial
question, which I believe Mr. Converse has spoken of^
whether five hundred dollars is sufficient or not. It
seems to me that you should give the Committee more
instructions.

The Pb-KSIdent : I think Mr. Winslow had
better say a word about this matter.

The Secretary : I think, in the interests of the
Aj^rshire breeders of the States, and from an educa-
tional point of view, the St. Ivouis Exhibition is of
sufiicient importance to have our Association make a
strong effort to place a few representative Dairy Ayr-
shires on exhibition there. By means, not to be com-
mended, the Canadians succeeded in winning most of
the prizes at the World's Fair at Chicago, and at the
Pan American at Buffalo, thereby giving the public the
idea that their A\ rshires were the more desirable, and
helping create a demand for an undesirable t3^pe of
Ayrshires, and injuring the progress of the Ayrshire as
a dairy cow.

There are a great many people who have no defi-
nite idea of what is the most desirable in any breed, but
are governed by the popular demand and by the deci-
sions in the show ring, and who think that because the
Scotch type of A3^rshire, with large horns and small
teats, wins over a more decided type of a milk producer,
that the winner is the better, not knowing the means
used to obtain the ribbons, and will buy from that class,
and afterwards denounce the breed from their own
experience with an undesirable ^ot of the breed, and the
reputation of the desirable cow^s has to suffer.

37

I think if we place on exhibition a few herds of
Dairy Ayrshires of good size and milking capacity, and
attend to the selection of the judge and use the influ-
ence of the Association to have a judge selected who
shall judge impartially as Lo owners or section from
where they come, and who shall judge them on strictly
dairy points for dairy representatives of a strictly dairy
breed, we shall have done something to stem the tide
which is working against the best interests of the oreed.

The Ayrshire has from the first importations been
particularly unfortunate m having to contend with the
small teats brought over from Scotland, and the breed-
ers have no sooner wed out the useless specimens and
developed the long teats and retained the best points of
the breed than some new importation has been thrown
in and kept the reputation of short teats constantly in
the mind of the public, and these exhibitions are all
working against the lasting good name of the Ayrshire
as a dairyman's cow.

There are Dairy Ayrshires with long teats in Scot-
land and in Canada, but they are not usuallj^ found in
the show ring, or offered for sale at any price, and are
not often the animals that are brought over, though I
have seen a few in the States and also in Canada.

I was at the Illinois Fair last fall, and at the
request of the exhibitors of Ayrshires at that fair, and
some of whom were thinking of showing at the World's
Fair at St. Louis, I went to St. Louis to see Mr.
Coburn in regard to a judge for Ayrshires, and stated
to him that our Association was interested in having as
fine a show ol the breed as possible, and were using
rnoney to encourage a large and fine exhibit, but that
the Association and the exhibitors from the States were
interested to have an honest and capable judge who
should judge them as dairy cattle, and that regardless
of who owned them or where they came from.

38

I told him the best interests of the breed had been
injured b^^ the judgings, both at the World's Fair at
Chicago and again at Buffalo ; that the Canadians had
succeeded in getting men appointed from Canada who
were both incompetent and simply tools in the hands of
the Canadian exhibitors, and gave him a number of in-
stances which clearl}^ proved my claim, and told him all
we wanted was fair and honest judgment, and if we
were to make an effort to exhibit we must be assured
of an honest and competent judge, and suggested
selecting an 'Experiment Station expert who had his
reputation at stake, and who was interested in the
breed.

I told him this was an exhibition in the States,
gotten up b}^ the States and the money furnished by the
States, and it was eminently proper that the judges
should be from the States, and the best we could find.

I told him if we went to Canada to show our stock
at any of their fairs we should not expect to take a
j'udge along with us who was selected to award the pre-
miums to our cattle.

Mr. Coburn seemed very fair and candid, and
assured me of just and honorable treatment as far as he
was able to manage it, and said we should have as fair
and competent judges, who were disinterested, as he
could find, and agreed with me that a judge from some
of our Experiment Stations would seem to be the best
for both Canada and the States tbat could be found.

It certainly looks as though our breeders might
make a shovv with the expectation of honest judgment
at least.

Mr. Converse : Just a word in that connection,
referring to the matter of judges, I think if this meet-
ing should name judges that we would be pleased
with, with the Association back of us, and v*^ith the

39

conference held with Mr. Coburn b}' our Secretar}^
that we could prett}'^ nearly secure judges w^ho are
competent to do the work.

The President: Gentlemen, you have heard
the report of 3^our Committee in regard to the St. Louis
show, and the matter is before you for action. Do you
wish to take any ?

Rev. Dr. Pember : It seems to me that if w^e
are going to back this thing as an Association that five
hundred dollars is a paltry sum to put into it. If it is
worth backing at all, it seems to me it is worth backing
better than that. To bring it before the Association
without any speech, I move j^ou, sir, that this appro-
priation be increased not to exceed one thousand
dollars.

Seconded b}' Mr. Converse.

Mr. Brown : Is that left to the Committee's dis-
cretion ?

The President : As I understand the motion, it
is that it should not exceed one thousand dollars. The
one thousand dollars is put into the hands of this Com-
mittee to be spent according to their best judgment in
relation to the St. Louis show, or such part of it as they
deem necessar3^

Rev. Dr. Pember : That is my idea.

The President : The motion is that a sum not
to exceed one thousand dollars be placed in the hands
of the Committee for this show^ Has anyone anything
to say ?

Mr. Brown : I think that is perfectly proper, Mr.
President, if the Committee needs no more than five
hundred dollars, they will lay but that amount out.
We give them one thousand dollars to use according to
their best judgment ; they will manage that the same
as they w^ould their owm business.

40

The President : As I understand the expendi-
ture is to be for Ireight, or to be used in an}- other way
the}'- see fit.

Rev. Dr. Pember : They are given fulJ liberty,
and I move 3'ou, sir, that the same special committee
appointed last 3'ear be appointed to act this year.

Seconded by Mr. Oakey.

The President : It is moved that Mr. Converse,
Mr. Winslow and Mr. Doe be continued as a Committee
for that purpose, and a sum not to exceed one thousand
dollars be appropriated to them to be used at their dis-
cretion.

Motion carried unanimously.

The President : Are there any other recom-
mendations from the Executive Committee ?

The Secretary : There is a question of books,
in regard to which I would like to hear from the
Treasurer.

Treasurer Winsor : You may remember last
year it was voted that I get the volumes that were
unbound, bound ; somewhere in Mr. Winslow's state-
ment are the figures, I think nineteen cents a volume.

The Secretary : Yes, but they afterwards said
the}' found so many of the books in bad shape that they
had to charge twentyrone cents, to which I did not
object.

Mr. Winsor : When the bound volumes were
returned from the -Tuttle Company, I found we were
short in volume 2, having only three copies, while we
had about one hundred copies of the other volumes, and
I am unable to furnish full cets.

I asked Mr. Winslow to get bids for a reprint of
volume 2, the figures of which I think he has.

The Secretary : There is a large am.ount of
printed matter in volume 2 that might be left out and

<

o

vO

41

make a volume of about 300 pages, and I received a bid
from the Brandon Publishing Company at 80 cents per
page for roo copies, and 90 cents per page for 150
copies.

Thb Tr:kasurer: I should think one hundred
copies would be as many ^as we needed, so as to make
full sets of the others.

R:ev. Dr. Pembkr: I move you that the Execu-
tive Committee be empowered to have one hundred
•copies of Vol. 2 printed.

Seconded by Dr. TurnbulL

Carried unanimously.

Tub SBCRETAR.Y: Your Executive Committee holds
your Secretar3^ responsible personally for any debts that
he may incur in recording cattle. We have one debt
that is just about outlawing that I would like to bring
before the Association, which I am unable to collect^
which is the sum of $17 due from the Maine State
Insane Asylum. They went into Canada and bought a
number of Ayrshires, and the laws of the United States
require an Ayrshire to be recorded in our herd book be-
fore it can pass the custom house free of duty. The}^
brought their cattle to Newport and were held up by
the custom house for entry into our book, and the
Asylum sent on in haste to have their cattle recorded.
But in order to transfer an animal from the Canada
Register to ours we are obliged to go back to imported
stock or to stock already recorded in our book, and it
sometimes requires the record of a large number, some-
times as many as a hundred animals when the lines run
through the early importations that have not had anj?-
sales to come into Lliis country.

In transferring from the Scotch book we simpl}^
trace to an entry in their book, but we cannot do this
with the Canada book as some of their families have

4^
defective pedigrees, so that in transferring- we are
obliged to make the entry complete in our book, run-
ning back in every branch to a reliable importation ^
which involves oftentimes a good deal of labor, and
sometimes it requires a good deal of correspondence
before the animal can be accepted and recorded, and
often there is a good deal of delay, so much so that we
advise all importers to have their cattle recorded before
they start them from their Canadian homes.

The Asylum cattle were of this class, and if I
remember correctlj^ there were some of them that were
not eligible, and it took some months before the whole
bunch could be straightened out, and when it was done
I sent the bill to Dr, M. S. Campbell, who had ordered
the recording, Vmt could never get any reply from him
though I sent several letters.

I finally wrote to Dr. Twitchel and stated the case
and he replied that Dr. Campbell would not pay because
of the delay in getting his papers and said the institution
was a State institution and a debt could not be collected
from them.

It is true there was a good deal of delay, but the
delay was not the fault of our Association, but in conse-
quence of Dr. Campbell's not understanding what was
necessary to be done in importing cattle from Canada,
and while the Canadians probably knew he would have
trouble they did as they always do, and let him go and
shift for himself.

Dr. TurnbuIvI/ : I don't see why j^ou can't attach
a State institution.

The Secretary : I wrote on to Mr. Twitchell
to see if there was any way to get anything of them,
and he said there was none.

Rev. Dr. Pember : I dislike to have anything
upon the record making such a charge against anyone

43
in 1113^ own State, I am personally acquainted with, a
number of men in that institution, and I know they
have no Ayrshires at present. They are using Hol-
steins at the State branch at Augusta, and at the State
branch at Bangor they are buying their milk from milk-
men, so they are not in the business at all. Do I
understand, Mri Secretary, the bill to be $17?

The Secretary : About that amount, seventeen
dollars and a few cents.

Mr. HayEvS : I think, under the circumstances,
the books would look bet:er to charge that off to profit
and loss and let it go.

The Secretary : But I am personally responsi-
ble for it,

Mr. Hayes : I move that the Secretary be re-
lieved from any responsibility on the claim against these
Maine people.

Seconded by Mr, Converse.

Carried unanimously.

The President : The next business to come
before the meeting will be the election of officers.

Mr. Hayes : I would like to inquire if you have
appointed the Committee to select cattle for the New
England exhibit at the St. Ivouis Fair. As I under-
stand it, there was to be a Committee appointed to look
up cattle and to select them.

The President ; There was a Committee ap-
pointed with an appropriation, the Committee of last
year was continued, and we increased the appropriation
to be used at the discretion of the Committee not to
exceed one thousand dollars.

Mr. Hayes : In selecting stock —

The President (interrupting) : The expendi-
ture of the money w?,s left at their discretion.

Dr. TurnbulIv : They have the supervision of
stock to a certain extent, do they not ?

Thk PrKSIDENT: It is left in their hands, I under-
stand. The next business is the election of officers.
I will say for the information of some who may have
forgotten, that two years ago a rule wa& adopted by the
As>:ociation that no President should have more than
one re-election . You had a new President elected at that
time, and he was re-elected last year, and it becomes
your duty at this time to elect a new President. So-
you will please prepare your ballots for President.

Mr. Converse ^ Before proceeding to the election
of officers, I would like to say in behalf of the Commit-
tee while 3^ou gentlemen are present, we would like to
know whether or not there are any members of the
Association who are willing to sell anim.als for the pur-
pose of making up those show herds ? We could save
a large amount of time by getting an expression of
those who are ready to assist in the matter, instead of
having to write them, or to go about and see them per-
sonally at their homes. The conditions, I think, were
not fully stated by the Secretary. Those who contrib-
ute anything for the purpose of strengthening these
herds are supposed to sell the same to those who pro-
pose to make an exhibit at a reasonable rate, and
either the exhibitor keeps the animal or returns it at
the end of the exhibition. We might expedite our
work quite a little, and save quite a little expense if
those who are present and saw lit to assist would voJ-
unteer to say so sometime before they go away from
here.

The Secretary : I would say my herd is open
to fill up any vacancies, either in New England or any
other place.

45

Rbv. Dr. Pembbr : I would say the same of
mine, although I had planned, and I still think I shall
show a herd at St. Louis mj^self. I am not positive
about it, but I hope to have Maine represented. If
there are any holes, I want to fill them up, and I am
going to try and fill them up and go to St. Louis
my sell.

Mr. Hayes : I would say if we have anything
the Committee want they can have it. They can buy
it, or take it and return it, or do anything with it.

The Secretary : Mr. Hayes says he will sell or
lend it. They have to be transferred to the ownership
of the exhibitor. That is, they have to be sold
outright.

Dr. Doe : Mr. Converse has said it would expe-
dite matters if the members present would state what
they had to sell. Now, it seems to me, that is putting
the cart before the horse. If the members who intend
to show will, before they go, acquaint the Committee
with their requirements, then the Committee will have
something to work upon. If the Committee does not
know what is wanted, it don't know what to do, conse-
quently I think those members who are present and
intend to shovv^ should acquaint the Committee with
what they are going to need, so then the Committee
can act intelligently, and can go along very much faster
than the other way.

Mr. Hayes : Mr. Pember has signified his inten-
tion of making an exhibit, and Mr. Fletcher, I think,
is going to make an exhibit, and Mr. Converse""is going
to make an exhibit. Isn't he going to ?

Mr. Converse : We are leaning that way a little.

Mr. Hayes : That is three exhibits that we know
of.

46

A Mkmber : Mr. Oakey is going to show for Mr.
McFadden.

Mr. Hayes : Yes, Mr. McFadden is going to
show, but Mr. McFadden has everything to show with
— the rest have got to hunt.

Mr. Oakey : I wish to go back of this statement
a little. We don't know w^e have everything to start
wnth. We are in the same boat as the other people are.
If the Association has anything better than w^e have,
we would like to get it. Really, I think the suggestion
is a very good one. We expect to show what we can
get, and if w^e are short of anything would be glad of
assistance. If the members of the Association have
any animal they think is cf superior merit, and they
will inform the Committee, I think that fact will help
them a great deal — will help us all out. As I under-
stand it, the breeders of A3'rshires want to go to St.
Louis and make a very creditable exposition if they can,
and I think we ought to tr}^ and help one another. As
Mr. Converse says, v.e will have the Canadian Govern-
ment to compete with as well as the Canadian Cattle,
and we want to make as strong a showing as w^e can.

The President : You have heard the requCvSts
of the Committee for a statement of those who intend to
exhibit, and 3'ou wall govern yourself accordingly. If
there is nothing more to be said, we will proceed to the
election of oi^cers. Before balloting for President, I
will ask Mr. Pember and Mr. Probasco to act as tellers.

Mr. Converse : Mr. President, before going
awa3\ I would like to ask a meeting of the Committee
appointed for this purpose before the final adjournment.

The President : Why don't you set an hour ?
GentlenTen, will 3'ou please give your attention to Mr.
Converse for a moment ?

47

Mr. ConvEkse : I would like a meeting of the
Committee beiore the afternoon exercises, as well as
those who intend to exhibit, that we can get together
and see what is going to be done.

Rev. Dr. Pember : I would like to inquire if
nominations are in order for President, or if the mem-
bers wnll vote as the}'- please ?

The President : I think, perhaps, we might
have an informal ballot, if 3^ou please.

Mr. Brown : This question of a President was a
new thing to me. I hadn't thought that a President
was to be elected this year, I supposed the old Presi-
dent held five years. I understand a vote was passed
that he Hold for two /ears. Now, Mr. President, I
don't think some of us have thought much about it for
that reason, and I think this ballot ought to be an in-
formal ballot, and then we will take a formal ballot and
settle the matter.

Seconded by several.

Motion carried.

(The tellers collected the ballots.)

The President : Have all voted who wished ?
If so, I declare the ballot closed for the informal ballot.

Mr. Converse : While we are waiting for the
counting of the votes, I move intending exhibitors be
added to the Committee for the purpose of making
selections, and taking charge of this show ring stock at
St. Louis.

Motion seconded.

The President : That would make a very
cumbersome Committee if there are seven or eight to
show.

Mr. Hayes : I should not believe it right for an
exhibitor to act. He will not look up stock for the

48

other fellow — he will look up his own. I can't see the
point of having him on the Committee.

The President : Gentlemen, the motion is
before 3'ou for discnssion.

The Secretary : It seems to me if this Commit-
tee is going to consist of eight, or nine, or ten, mem-
bers, it would be unwieldy, and I would, as a member
of the Committee who was not going to show, like to
withdraw.

Mr. Kayes : You are the man to stay on, not the
man w^ho is g oing to show^

Dr. TuRNBUEiy : The Committee, gentlemen, is
ample — large enough. It has to do the selecting and
decide a good many things, and you can't get a large
Committee together.

Mr. Hayes : I don't think Dr. Pember would
want to go out and hunt up stock for Mr. Fletcher.

Rev. Dr. Pember (laughing) : I think I would
like to.

Dr. Doe : The Association can receive the resig-
nation of two of the Committee members and appoint —

(Dr. Doe interrupted by cries of " No, no.")

The President : There is a motion before the
Association that intending exhibitors be added to the
Committee. Would you like to discuss the question?
That is, they be associated with the members of the
Committee = That is what I think is desired : that the
exhibitors shall work in harmon}^ with the Committee,
and do v/hat is for the best interests of the breed.

Mr. Hayes: I don't believe any man who is going
to be an exhibitor should be on that Committee any
more than a man should be a judge at a fair of his own
stock. It don't look sensible.

(Cries of "question, question.")

ON

I— (

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49

Tub PR:E:Bir)KNT: Mr. Converse moves to make
intending exhibitors a.ssociate members of the Com-
mittee.

Dr, TurnbuxIv: I would like to amend that, that
no exhibitor be a member of the Committee,

Motion seconded by several.

Dr. Doe: I would like to ask if Mr. Converse is
going to have these associate members or will leave the
original committee as it was ? I don't see how that is
going to better the motion. Since the question has been
brought up, I think the only thing to do about it is to
drop all exhibitors from the Committee and put on the
Committee men who are not going to exhibit all. I
think justice would be done to all in that way.

Dr, TurnbuIvI.: I think the Committee should be
left as it now exists, possibly with one exception, that
will make it a committee of non- exhibitors.

The Presidki^T: Do 3^ou make that as a sugges-
tion or a motion ?

Dr, Doe: I am not going to exhibit.

The President: Will you accept that amend-
ment, Mr, Converse ?

Mr. Converse: Certainly,

The President; The motion now is that no
intending exhibitor shall be a member of this Com-
mittee.

Motion carried.

Rev. Dr. Pember: I would inquire, doesn't that
disqualify one member of the present Committee ?

The President: That is as I understand it.

The Secretary: I would move, Mr. President,
that Mr. Pike from New York, being in that Section >
be placed on that Committee. Mr. Pike is from Gouv
erneur

Motion seconded by Mr. Wells.

SO'

Motion carried.

Rev. Dr. Pember: Your committee are prepared
to report. Whole number of votes cast on the informal
ballot for President, 20; of which Dr. C. C. Doe received
9; C. M. Winslow, 3; Dr. Turnbull, 2; S. M. Wells, 2;
J. F. Converse, r; B. F. Pember, k

Dr. Doe: I would like to state to those members
who voted for me on the informal ballot for President
that while I thank them, I would request, as a favor,
that they vote on the cext ballot for somebody else as I
positively decline.

The Secretary: While you are balloting, I w^ould
like to present the name of a breeder — here is the gen-
tleman himself — Mr. Van Valkenburgh, of Nassau, who
w^ould like to become a member. I move we accept Mr.
Van Valkenburgh as a member upon payment of the
regular initiation fee.

Motion seconded and carried.

(A formal ballot was then taken and the tellers
proceeded to count the ballots.)

Rev. Dr. Pember: The Committee reports the
whole number of votes cast for President, 21; necessary
for a choice, 11; of w^hich the following received the
number of votes set opposite their name: Dr. C. C,
Doe, 13; C. M. Winslow, 4; S. M. Well, 3; Dr. Turn-
bull, I.

Dr. Doe: Mr. President

The PiiESiDENT: (interrupting): Dr. Doe having
received a majority of the votes cast, I declare him
elected President of the Association lor the ensuing
year.

(Great applause.)

Mr. Converse : I move that a Committee be
appointed to escort the newl}'' elected President to the
chair.

Dr. DoE) : I don't know wbat reason my col-
leagues have for making the report they have, for a
moment ago I positively declined a nomination. I
thank you all for the honor and courtesy, but I don't
feel like accepting this year, so I will deem it a great
iavor if you would elect someone else. I am sorry to
•cause you this additional trouble, but it is not my fault,
I assure you I simply meant what I said.

The Secretary^ I move Mr. Doe be excused.

The President : It is moved and seconded that
Dr. Doe be excused.

Motion carried.

The President : You will nov/ proceed to
ballot for President.

Rev. Dr. Pember : Whole number of votes cast,

'21 ; necessary for a choice, ii ; of which the following

received the number of votes set opposite to their

name : Dr. Turnbull, 14 ; S. M. Wells, 4 ; E. F.

Pember, 2 ; E. J, Fletcher, i.

The President : Dr. Turnbull, having received
a majority of the votes cast, is declared your President
for the ensuing year.

(Great applause.)

Mr. Converse : I move a Committee be ap^
pointed to escort the President-elect to the chair for his
inaugural.

Motion seconded by several and carried unani*
mously.

The President : I will appoint as that Commit-
tee Mr. Converse and Mr. Hayes.

(The Committee then escorted Dr. Turnbull to the
chair, where he was greeted with applause.)

Mr. Yeaton, on surrendering the chair, said : 1
hope your associations with this body will be as pleas-
ant as mine have been. I have the pleasure of intro*

5^

dncing to 3^011 Dr. Turnbull, the President-elect of this
Association.

(Applause.)

President TurnbuIvI. : Members of the h ssocia-
tion : I wish to thank 3^ou for the honor conferred.
I feel as though I should not take the office, yet I feel
that in some ways I should, I hope, as Mr. Yeaton
just said, that my connection with the office may be as
happ3^ as his has been, and I hope as successful a 3^ear
and also a year of benefit to the Association. In many
wa^^s it is an important 3^ear for the Association. We
have this Exposition before us. The Association is
advancing in many waj^s, and we w^ant to make this
advance continue in the future as it has in the past.
Again I thank you all lor the honor which you have
conferred upon me.

(Applause.)

The election of officers is now under consideration.

The next officers to be elected are the Vice-Presi-
dents. There are four Vice-Presidents, I believe. Are
there any nominations ?

Dr. Doe : I move we vote for the four Vice-
l^residents on the same ballot to save time.

The President : Do 3'ou want to have nomina-
tions or an informal ballot ?

Dr. Doe : I would suggest an informal ballot,
and those leading be afterwards voted for.

Mr. Hayes : I would like to inquire w^ho w^ere
the Vice-Presidents last 3^ear.

The Secretary : Ooadiah Brown, Thomas
Turnbull, Jr., Etna J. Fletcher and Charles C. Doe.

The President : Do 3'ou make a motion, Dr.
Doe?

Dr. Doe : I move an informal vote be taken for
the four ; then those four receiving the highest number

53

of votes be confirmed as elected to the office, if it is the
wish of the Association.

Seconded by Mr. Wells ; motion carried.

Mr. Fletcher : I would like to say w^hen I left
Mr. Drew's home ^^esterday morning I left him very
poorly, and he wished me to say to the meeting today
that he sends his love to all the members ; that he does
not forget them, and was very sorr}^ he could not be
with you.

The President : I am sure we are all sorry
that Mr. Drew is unable to be with us today. The
Secretary was authorized last night by the Executive
Committee to send a telegram to Mr. Drew, carr5dng
the best wishes of the Association, and a hope for his
speedy recovery.

Dr. Doe : I would like to ask the Secretary
whether he can give us the exact date on which the
new volume 15 will be closed, so those who desire can
get their records in by that date.

The Secretary : The first day of January.

Mr. Hayes : I move the Secretary be authorized
to send a telegram, or to telephone to Burlington and
inquire as to Mr. Drew's health today, so that we can
get word this afternoon.

Seconded by Mr. Wells.

Motion carried.

Rev. Dr. Pember : There were cast 19 ballots,
but you will understand in having four names some did
not vote but for three names, and some two, and, there-
fore, it is a little i^omplicated ; and there was one name
we could not make out at all — could not be made out
either by the Committee or by the Secretary, and we
will call that no name. We find the following received
the vote set opposite their names : No name, i ; Mr.
Probasco, i; Mr. Pike, i; George H. ~ Yeaton, 2;

54

S. M. Wells, II ; C. C. Doe, 14 ; K. F. Pember, 6 ; O.
Brown, 16 ; E. J. Fletcher, 14; George McFadden, 3.

Mr. Brown receives the highest number of votes,
16 ; Mr. Fletcher has 14, Mr. Doe has 14 and Mr.
Wells II.

Mr. Pike : I move the Secretary be instructed
to cast a ballot for the four gentlemen receiving the
highest number of votes on the informa"* ballot.

Motion seconded and carried, and the Secretary-
was so instructed.

The Secretary : I have cast a ballot in favor
of Mr. Obadiah Brown, Mr. C. C. Doe, Mr. E. J.
Fletcher and Mr. S. M. Wells. Mr. Obadiah Brown
has the largest number of votes, and as they are elected
in the order of the number of votes cast for them, he is
First Vice President.

The President : I declare these gentlemen dul}^
elected to the office of Vice-President.

The next office is that of Secretary and Editor.
What are 3-our wishes in regard to the method of elec-
tion ?

Mr. WeIvLS : It is not necessary to vote by ballot
for Secretary and Editor, is it ?

The President: All officers are elected by ballot.

Mr. Pike: Mr. President, I renew the motion
that the President be instructed to cast one ballot for
Mr. Winslow as Secretarj^ and Editor for the ensuing
year.

Seconded by several and carried unanimously.

(The President cast the ballot as instructed.)

Mr. Pember: Your President has performed his
dut}' and has cast the ballot containing the name of Mr.
C. M. Winslow for the office of Secretary and Editor.

The President: I hereby declare Mr. Winslow
elected for that office.

5^

Mr. WinsIvOw: I thank you gentlemen.

Mr, WkIvIvS: I move the President cast one ballot
for N. S. Winsor for the office of Treasurer.

Seconded by several and carried.

(The President cast the ballot as instructed.)

Mr. Pembkr: The President has performed his
duty and cast a ballot for Mr. N. S. Winsor as
Treasurer.

The President: I hereby declare Mr. Winsor
elected Treasurer lor the ensuing 3^ear.

Gentlemen, the next officers to be elected are mem-
bers of the Executive Committee. Those whose terms
expire this year are Mr. J. F. Converse, of Woodville,
N. Y.; J. Andrew Casterline, of Dover, N. J., and we
lose through death a member of our Committee, Mr. J.
O. Magie, of Elizabeth, N. J., which makes three mem-
bers of the Executive Committee to be elected at this
time.

Mr. Oakey : Will Mr. Wells remain on the
Executive Committee ? He has been elected to the
office of Vice-President. Isn't he a member of the
Executive Committee by being Vice-President ?

Mr. Hayes : I don't see that that conflicts at all.

The President : I believe I am right in stating
that the office of member of the Executive Committee
is for one, two and three years, so that a member could
be both, as I understand it ; that is, one would not nec-
essarily conflict with the other. He might have a ser-
vice of three years as a member of the Executive Com-
mittee with another office intervening in the meantime.
My interpretation may be wrong, but I don't see why it
could not be, that is, he is elected for three years.

The Secretary : I would move that the Presi-
dent be authorized to cast a ballot for Mr. Converse and

56

Mr. Casterline for members of the Executive Commit-
tee for a term of three 3'ears.

Seconded by Mr. Yeaton.

Motion carried.

Mr. Pember : The President has obeyed your
wish, and cast a ballot for Mr. Converse and Mr. Cas-
terline as members of the Executive Committee for
three 3 ears.

The President : I declare these two gentlemen
dul}^ elected members of the Executive Committee. We
still have one other member to be elected.

Mr. Fletcher : I move that Mr. Winslow cast
one ballot for And\^ Kolt as a member of the Executive
Committee to succeed the late Mr. J. O. Magie.

Motion seconded and carried.

Mr. Pember : The Secretary has obeyed 3'Our
wish, and cast a ballot for Andy Holt as a member of
the Executive Committee in place of the late Mr. J. O.
Magie.

The President : I declare Mr. Holt duly
elected a member of the Executive Committee.

Gentlemen, is there any further business to come
before this meeting before w^e adjourn ?

The Secretary : We have private Herd books
here which can be bought at $1.25 apiece, and save
twent3^-five cents for postage. I would like to have the
members of the Association look them over carefully,
and bu3' them if they see fit. We have here, also, the
extended pedigree blanks at $1.00 per hundred, and
blanks for entries, v/hich are free. We have a number
of copies of volume 14, w^hich 3^our Treasurer would
like to sell at $2.00 a cop3^ which will save twenty-five
centS:

The President : Is there an3^ further business
to come before the meeting ?

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57

Mr. Yeaton : I move we adjourn.

Seconded by Mr. Pike ; motion carried.

The President : I now declare this meeting
adjourned until 2 P. M,, when we will assemble to hear
the papers read.

AFTERNOON SESSION— 2:35 P. M.

President TurnbuU called the meeting to order as
follows:

Gentlemen, the meeting will please corne to order.
It is past our time of meeting and we have vvith us Hon.
George E. Flanders, Assistant Commissioner of Agri-
culture of the State of New York, v/ho will extend to us
some words of welcome. I now call upon Hon, George
E. Flanders. (Applause.)

Mr. Flanders extended a very cordial welcome at
some leno:th.

The President: In the name of the Association,
I v^^ish to thank Mr. Flanders for the welcome which he
has extended to the Association both in the name of the
city and in the name of the state.

The next order of business is an address by the
Rev. Elmer F. Peniber, of Bangor, Me., "The A3^rshire,
the Best Cow for the New England Farmer."
(Applause.)

We will now be pleased to hear from Mr. Pember.
(More applause.)

''THE AYRSHIRE, THE BEvST COW FOR THE NEW ENG-
LAND FARMER."

Among the domestic animals used by man, the cow
is a prime favorite. Probably second to the horse or
dog in point of intelligence; yet more necessary .than
either of these for the comfort and convenience of

5S-

]2umanit3^ We are willing to admit that the cow !?>
kept, fed and cared for, not as a pet; but simph'- for the
food she is able to- produce. Hence, her existence
naturall}^ depends upon a question of profit. Does it
pay to keep one cow ? Is it profitable for a farmer to-
keep a large number of cows? Is it more profitable ta
keep one kind of cow, than another ? Is it true, as-
some claim, that "a cow is a cow no matter about her
pedigree,'' if she will onl}^ give milk ?

In the question of profit, should we not take inte>
account, the quantity and qualit}^ of milk produced, and
the cost or value of the food that the cow consumes ?
Why should not farmers exercise the same business
methods, of accounts, as merchants or manufacturers ?
If a certain cow, or a whole herd of cows will not pay a
profit, why keep them ? Just here, I venture the state--
ment without fear of contradi-ction, that more than sixty
per cent, of all the cows kept in New England are kept
at a loss. The average New England farmer does not
actuall}^ make one dollar vv^ith his cows. Perhaps he
thinks that he does; but if he kept an account he would
soon find the balance on the wrong side of the ledger.
More than this, in herds that do pa}^ a reasonable profit^
there are man}^ individual cows kept, that from the
inferior quality or quantity of milk they produce, are
only a bill of expense. A pair of scales, a Babcock
tester, and a little simple book keeping would spoil the
reputation of a large percentage of the cows that cover
our New England hills and valleys. If this business
test were made we should find that the thoroughbred,
or high grade cow was far in advance of those ordinarily
kept.

If you will pardon a little personal experience in-
troduced here, a few years ago, just a few days before

59

^©ar annual fair in our city, I v/as in a printing office,
in company with a number of friends, having some
printing done, when a farmer came in, a man who sup-
plies our city wdth milk, or part of it, andhasa large herd.
He w^as doing some cheap talk for my benefit. He was
making fun of me because I kept pedigree cows. He
kept at me a little tim.e and finally, I turned upon him
and said: "You have got some ver}^ nice cows, havn't
you?" calling him by name. "Yes, I have, but they
ain't got no pedigree " Well, I presume that was true.
I said, "How many have j'ou got?" *'Oh, I am milk-
ing about seventy-five at the present tim^e." I said,
"You have got some very good ones ?" "Yes, I guess
I've got good milkers, but they ain't got no pedigree, I
can't get no cards printed for them." I said, "I would
like to have a'ou go home and pick out eight from the
cows you iiave got and send them here to the Bangor
fair next week, and send along 3^our man, and see they
are well taken care of and milked night and morning
lor three days of the fair, and w^eigh the milk carefully,
and I will have four in the stalls right near by, and we
will do the same with ours and the man who gets the
most milk shall take all the cow^s home with iiim."

He said, "I suppose you have got some good ones?"
I said, "Yes, but they have got a pedigree."

I wish to assume in this discussion that v/e must
confine ourselves to the distinctly dairy type of cows. I
believe that it will stand wdthout argument, that the
New England farmer can not raise beef cattle with
profit. The short grazing season, the long cold wdnters,
with the high cost of grain, forbids the use of the large
beef type of cattle. It can be done, we can raise corn
and hay, w'e can feed and fatten some of the finest of
beef; but it must be done at a great loss, if we put our-

6o

selves in competition \^ith the western fanner who catr
raise corn for 20 or even 10 cents per bushel.

I had an argument with a farmer the other day who-^
is raising a large type of cattle in an eastern state. He
sa3'S, "I can raise beef just as well as a western man
can." I said, "You can't afford to buy corn to feed
them." Ke said, "I don^t bu}' ni}?- corn, I raise it." I
said, "How much corn did 5^ou raise this 3^ear ?" He
said, "About seven hundred baskets of corn, and I am
going to feed it to my cow^s." I said, "You can't afford
to feed it to your cows, even if you did raise it; it is
worth in the open market more than jrour beef will be
worth after 3^ou feed it out to 3^our cows,"

Thus many of the breeds that Vv^e admire at our
State ar Count3^ fairs, such as the Durham, Hereford,
Black or Red Poll, etc., have no attraction for us to-
own and raise. But with the genuine dairy cow we
have a splendid field for business. We have a market
unsurpassed for all the milk, cream and butter that we
can produce.

If ever3^ abandoned farm in New England were re-
claimed, and the largest possible number of dairy cows
were kept, our villages and cities will still iurnish a
fine market for all that we have to sell. What m.ore
can we ask ? What will pa3'- any better than a first-
class dairy cow with good prices for her product ? At
the present time there are but lour thoroughbred types
of the dair3^ cow used in New England, viz.: Holstein,
Jersey, Guernsey and Ayrshire, Of course the thorough-
bred is in an unfortunate minority. Even high grades
of an3^ distinct variety are comparatively scarce. Just
" plain cows" are the rule, and vejy plain most of them
are. When this is changed, v\"e shall doubtless find it
easier to figure a profit from our cows. But we must

6i

confine our discussion to the relative merits of the breeds
we have just named. We want the best!

As "Si first test, let us suppose that the object is to
produce milk to sell by the quart or gallon. If this is
to be our business, I shall say that there are but tivo
breeds to consider, viz.: the Holstein and Ayrshire. I
say this because v/ith the present price of hay and
grain a thoroughbred Jerse}^ or Guernsey will not pro-
duce milk enough so that it can be sold for a profit ;
that is, as a rule, people do not care to pa}^ a price suffi-
cient to meet the cost. Many milkmen w^ho have tried
are compelled to confess that it costs too much to pro-
duce a quart of genuine Jersey or Guernsey milk. More,
this is not the ideal milk for the milkman — the cream
separates easily, and unless great care is used the first
customers who get the top of the can will fare much
better than those who receive the blue substance near
the bottom.

Til is leaves us, as I have said, wnth but two breeds
to consider with the milkman in view. A Holstein will
give milk enough in quantity, but, except in rare cases,
the quality will not satisfy the customer, or pass the
milk inspector of any city without the suspicion or
charge that it has been watered. The Ayrshire, second
in quantit}^ is always so well up in qualitv that no one
would find any fault ; and here we have the best cow
for the milkman. These are simple facts. I was read-
ing not long ago a little story that illustrates, in part,
this matter, about two men — one a Jersey man and one
a Holstein man — who were arsruinor the relative merits
of their stock. The Jersey man said, " If 3^ou want to
know whether you have got a thoroughbred Holstein
cow or not, put a silver dollar in the bottom of the pail
and sit down and milk your cow, and if, when you get

62

tlirough, you can still see the dollar, you know 3'ou
have got the genuine Holstein. " The other said, " If
you want to know whether you have got a thorough-
bred Jersey cow, put the dollar in the bottom of the pail,
and if you have got milk enough to cover the dollar,,
you have got a thoroughbred Jerse}'." (Laughter.)

Indeed, the superior quality of the milk makes it
most acceptable. Being evenly balanced in casien and
other solids, as well as butter fat, it forms a complete
food that is easily digested. Invalids and young chil-
dren can use it when all other kinds of milk are re-
fused. It is being recommended in many cases by
physicians for exclusive use in hospitals. The cream
separates slowl}^, and gives the milkman a chance to
treat all of his customers alike.

It has been shown frequently that milk can be pro-
duced b};^ an A3^rshire herd for from one and a half to
two cents per quart, even under the conditions found
on an New England farm. This leaves a good margin
for profit when the milk is sent to the market or
delivered to the customer. The A3^rsnire is of gentle
disposition, quiet and eas^^ to milk, a good feeder, yet
easii}^ kept, tough, hardy, free from disease, showing
all in all qualities that make her an ideal cow for the
milkman, or th-^ farmer who sells his milk.

As this is the largest branch of business for the
dairy cow, it means much when we can truthfully say
that the Ayrshire will produce a quart of milk satisfac-
tory, superior in quality, and at a les:^ cost than that
of any other breed. Every official test that has been
made in comparison wdth other dairy cows proves tne
justice of this general claim for the Ayrshire.

The rapidly growing demand for the Ayrshir - cow,
and the high prices that are willingly paid at Brighton

and other markets for even a grade A3'rshire is good
evidence that these qualities are being recognized and
duly appreciated.

But suppose the faim is not so situated that we can
market the milk, and we prefer to produce butter and
cream. In this the Jersey and Guernsey cows have
been in high favor, and have often proved themselves
worthy of this confidence. This will explain why you
will find so man}^ Jersey and Grade Jersey cows still
used in New England. Needing a much warmer cli-
mate, delicate, and subject to all forms of disease, she
has held a place because her owmer thought her the
very best cream and butter producer. The owner of a
Guernsey herd will make the same claim, confident that
he can show a large percentage of cream and good
butter. With all honor to these breeds for what they
have accomplished, we still say that as a producer of
cream or butter VvC make no apology for the Ayrshire.
The records made by careful testing have proved
beyond dispute what to expect. Lady Fox produced
624 pounds of butter in 365 consecutive days ; Rose
Deross, 572 pounds ; Meewe, 567 pounds ; Rena
Myrtle, 546 pounds; Miss Ollie, 514; Durwood, 506
pounds, and I might add a long list of those who have
produced more than 400 pounds of good butter in one
year.

One quart of Ayrshire milk will not produce, in
every case, as much butter as one quart of Jersey or
Guernsey milk ; but while they are giving one quart,
the Ayrshire will give much more, thus making as
much, or more, butter, and furbishing a great deal
more milk with which to feed calves and pigs.

The successful farmer must take all of these things
into account. Producing as much, or more, butter of

64

excellent quality, furnishing a large quantity of cream,
smooth, rich and delicious; even here the Ayrshiie
stands the test. And here, too, if you will take into
account the superior health and vigor of the Ayrshire,
her ability to stand our cold climate, her freedom from
disease, her good appetite, and vv^illingness to eat what-
ever is placed before her, her gentleness, her quiet dis-
position, her worth for beef when milk producing fails;
you will see that in comparison the other dairy breeds
make a poor showing.

Just a w^ord in regard to her ability to stand our
winter climate. I^ast year in the ver}' midst of the
coldest of the winter, a gentleman living near my farm
out in the ^ountrjr some distance from the cit}^ came into
the city. He was having some work done at a dentist's
and in talking vv^ith the dentist he said, "Do you know
the Rev. Mr. Pernber?" The dentist said, "Yes, he is
a friend of mine." The man said, "When you see him
next time, you tell him his men are abusing his cattle
ac the farm." The dentist said, "What are they doing?"
He said, "The other day I came down by his place
about ten o'clock in the morning, and his cattle were all
out in the 3'ard and the thermometer Vv'as some ti^^enty
degrees below zero, the cattle vrere all out there in the
cold, and they were still out in the cold when I went
home at four o'clock in the afternoon. They were out,"
he said, "this morning when I came by quite early,
they were all out in the 5^ard," and he wanted me to be
notified so I could attend to the matter. I said to my
doctor friend, "The next time you see liim tell him that
is what v^-e do v/ith Ayrshires; they like good fresh air,
and vre let them have it on a pleasant day." Of course,
Vv^e wouldn't have them out if it was storming.

All of these thing^s must be considered, we cannot
ch.insre our climate, we must contend with our long.

<:old winters, we must feed out the crops that we cafi
raise, and we should keep the kind of cows that wdll
give us the best possible results.

Thus far I have not attempted any claim for the
A3^rshire as coming nearer an '.'all purpose cow," than
any of the other dairy breeds; but this might well be
done. The size and form, large, heav}^ hindquarters,
and thick loins, make her quite a respectable beef type.
The calves grow rapidly and make splendid veal, and
in mature form the Ayrshire will command a good price
ior oeef. What more can we ask of any breed? If we
liave one of the very best '*anim il machines" to produce
milk, butter and cream, one adapted to our climate-,
and possessing the qualities of an ideal dairy cow; and
at the same time v/orth a fair price for beef; what more
€an we ask or expect. With all of these facts in view,
I do not hesitate to say, that the Ayrshire is by far the
best cow for a New England farmer to buy and own.

But many will sa}^ this may be true, still there are
not Ayrshires enough to suppl}' all; and the price is too
high for everybody to buy as the}^ would like. Then
let every farmer come as near to this as he can. He
can at least secure a bull and raise a herd of good
grades. Experience has shovv^n that the best results in
the shape of a good cross, is the use of an Ayrshire bull
.with a Jersey or Grade Jersey cow. Many fine milkers
have been secured, coming from a Durham or Grade
Durham mother. In any case new blood should be
introduced, and a thoroughbred Ayrshire sire used
until the grade is as perfect as possible.

This is precisely what many farmers are doing, and
the day is not far distant when the natives of Scotland,
shall live and thrive on the majority of our New Eng-
land farms, and these farmers v^ill grow rich selling

66

milk, cream and butter from the Ayrshire or Grade
Ayrshire cow. (Great applause.)

The President : Gentlemen, you have heard
this very entertaining address by Mr. Pember. The
only fault I have to find with it is that he did not make
his subject broad enough and make it " The Ayrshire,
the Be:t Cow for Every Farmer."" I think that on the
disimssion we will discuss the question from that stand-
point— "The Ayrshire, the Best Cow for Every
Farmer." The paper is now open for discussion.

The Secretary: Mr. Pember said nothing
about the Ayrshire for beef. Of course, the Ayrshire is
not a beef cow ; but a cow that after she is too old for
service that w'ill give beef enough to pa}^ for her origi-
nal cost is worth a good deal more than one you have
to thro\y out in the w^oods for the crows. The Ayrshire
cow, as she is built, will alwa5'S pay for beef all that
she has cost to raise up until she becomes a milker.

Rev. Dr. Pember : That is substantially what I
said.

The vSecretary : Excuse me, then. While we
don't claim for the Ayrshire she should be a beef cow,
I think that is a verj^ important point. I know I have
frequently sold cows to butchers, and the butchers
alwa3'S are ver\^ anxious to get Ayrshire beef. They
tell me the loin is very thick, the hams are very large,
that the meat is finely larded, even in a two year old ;
that it is flecked nicely ; that a two-year-old steer w^ll
be as finely flecked with fat as a four-year-old steer of
other breeds, and that they never lose money on an
Ayrshire. I know that in m}- own herd, when I first
began, at one time I had a heifer that did not prove
satisfactory, and there was a butcher in town who was
always wanting to buy at a lump guess. If I could not

67

sell hira by guess, we had tliem weighed. I had an
Ayrshire that I wanted to sell, and I asked him so
much mone}^ for it, and he offered me five dollars less
than I asked him, and I told him to weigh her, and she
came to thirty-five cents more than I had asked him.
He was very much chagrinned, and said he never
before had bought an Ayrshire, and said they were
awfully deceptive in weight — they would always v^^eigh
more than they looked — and he said the reason of that
was that the loin was so thick. I think it is claimed
that the steers, when crossed with short horns, will
helo sell the short horns. I know at one time I had a
bunch of short horn steers I had bought for the purpose
of feeding. There was one steer that was out of a short
horn cow by an Ayrshire bull that always looked fat,
and, reall}^, when I came to sell them brought me more,
and helped sell the others that were short horns with no
Ayrshire blood in them. It is claimed by butchers
that an Ayrshire strain in the blood in the feeding of
short horns and in other breeds increases them in
depth of body, in heaviness in the quarters and the
parts that are the paying parts — the hindquarters and
the loins. (Applause,)

The President : Is there any further discus-
sion ? If not, we will listen to a paper by Mr. Winslow
on "The Relation of Structure to Dairy Capacity."
(Applause.)

THE RELATION OF STRUCTURE TO DAIRY CAPACITY.

There is an inherent ability in cattle to produce
from the same kind of food, either flesh or dairy pro-
duct ; and while it is probable that in the far past the
cattle of a given section were uniformly of the same
type and characteristics, and probably bred true to that

68

type the same as do wild animals, 3^et, when the hand
of man began to utilize them for his needs, the^' began;
to take on changed form and characteristics in response
to the efforts of their owner to form them more and
more to his ideas of what would be the most for his owi:e
benefit in supplying his daily wants. Thus the natural
law of selection changed some into beef and others into-
dairy producers, but w4th every change of ownership-
there was likel}^ to be a change of purpose in their
manaeement, and, while all were more or less usefuL
there was little marked diversity until later enterprise
with concerted action began to form fixed types for the-
highest production of either beef or dairy products.

While it is true that certain exterior structural
characteristics seem, a& a general rule, to produce the
same results in a desired product, it is also true that
this given line has not been followed long enough in
either direction so firmly to fix the type avS to enable a
breeder to leel certain as to what he may produce from
any careful coupling of his cattle ; so that while we
may reasonably hope that by the uniting of like we can
hope for a like result, we are not sure, because none of
our cattle have been bred in that line long enough ta
eliminate a tendency to scatter, or take back to some
of the varied ancestr}^ from v^^hich the}^ sprung. But
the longer a breeder or successive breeders pursue the
same course, the less likely is there to be disappoint-
ment in the offspring of judicious coupling of animals
po&se&sed of similar structure, and descended from that
same tvpe. While we have various so-called breeds of
cattle, there are two distinct divisions which might be
laid down, dividing them into two classes : the producer
of beef and the producer of dairy product'^, and we find
structural differences in the highest type of each which

69

indicate inherent capacit}^, and we find, as a rule, that
irrespective of breeds the same structural difference is
followed by the same comparative difference in the
result.

Take the animals of the highest t\'pe of beef pro-
duction, vre find that all their parts that are non-essen-
tial are eliminated, or are reduced to a minimum, head
small and boney, horns either entirely gone or of small
size, bones small and of fine texture, neck short, back
and ribs compact and closely set together, and, in fact,
the whole structure put together on the most economi-
cal plan of saving ever_vthing and josing nothing, and
the body, as 3^0 u look at it standing, presents the form
of an oblong square box, simpl}^ leaving out the head,
neck and legs. The beef animal might be called a
miser, hoarding up all it gains, and giving up nothing
except with the surrender of life, often not even giving
milk enough to raise its own offspring, w^hile on the
other hand the highest type of the dairy producer, as
we find in all breeds, has a comparatively uniform
structure that in most parts is directly opposite from the
beef producer, but with the non-essential parts quite
similar — head small and bony, horns small, bones smaJl
of fine texture, neck long and slim with strong junction
with the head, clean throat, shoulders light and thin,
withers sharp with backbone rising above the blades,
ribs arching out and swelling immediately after leaving
the shoulders, giving abundant room for the heart and
lungs, and the whole formation of ribs gradualh^ enlarg-
ing to the hindquarters, giving plent}'^ of room for food,
the ribs being wide and flit, and with ccnsiderable
space between them, the backbone strong and corru-
ga:ed, showing a looseness to the touch, hips wide,
pelvic arch high, rump bones wide spread, tail long

70

and slim, flanks high and arched, open between thighs,
and, in curving, giving plent}^ of room for udder, legs
short, bones flat, udder capacious, running well for-
ward and back with the forequarters of uniform size,
teats of medium length and of good size and uniform
from udder to end, placed wide apart at the four cor-
ners of the udder, milk veins large, long and tortuous,
entering the abdomen through one or more large holes
on each side, the veins and holes on either side being
equal in size and length, color conforming to require-
ments of the breed.

I have left out the distinctly breed characteristics,
as the animals in all breeds that have made themselves
famous had almost uniformly the same structural
makeup, indicating that there was a uniform build that
in itself denoted ability to produce either beef or dair}^
product.

In studying the outward form of the cows of all
breeds that have given the highest: yields at the dairy,
3'ou will find them lacking in that shapeliness ascribed
to the beef animal, and which to a beef breeder would
be considered homely and ill shaped.

It has always seemed that the breeder of dairy
cattle was trying to obtain the highest results at the
pail from a beef type, and let go the straight contour of
the beef producer with the greatest reluctance.

It is almost proverbial that a great producer in the
dair}^ breeds stands no show" in the ring beside her
more shapely sister of the beef t3^pe in winning the rib-
bons which should denote superiority. I have heard
our Canadian cousins condemn in the ring a crumpled-
horned Ayrshire cow, regardless of her milking appear-
ance, because her horns were not characteristic of the
breed and should be upright.

71

The highest excellence of a dairy cow is her capac-
ity to give the largest dairy product from the least food
consumed, and when you study the outward formation
of the great producers 3"0U do not find them having
large horns or straight backs. While you maj^ now
and then get a fairly good product from a cow lacking
in one or more of the dair}^ characteristics, still it is the
exception, and in breeding should not be encouraged.
Perfection in all those points that in themselves fit the
cow to do her highest work should be encouraged, and
those points which are not found in cows doing the
highest work should be discouraged.

Constitution is the foundation excellence, because
without it the best of other points are useless. By con-
stitution in a dairy cow I do not mean that she shall be
like a beef animal, any more than I would require a
running thoroughbred to have the form of a Clyde or a
Percheron. I have heard it said that you must have
width between the forelegs of a dairy cow to insure con-
stitution, but which has the stronger constitution to
endure a hard strain, the race horse or the draft?
Which has the stronger constitution, the dairy cow.
thin in the withers and light in the shoulders, thdt can
produce ten times her weight in milk during the 3'ear
and half her weight in butter, or the beef cow that can
in the two or three years of her lifetime produce half a
ton of meat ?

Perhaps the next point in impor ance is the inclina-
tion and ability to consume and digest a large amount
of coarse fodder. Then follows the perfection of udder
and milk development, and while we would allow a
material departure from straight lines in shape of the
dairy cow, her udder should, when young, have a good
degree of conformity to straight lines, because, other

72

tilings being equal, the squarer and straigliter the
udder the greater capacit}^, and the lines of beauty are
here the signs of utilit}^

Our interest here today centers in the Ayrshire
breed of cattle, and it is for us to inquire how we may
breed the Ayrshire cow so as to have her constantly
progressing in ability to produce a large amount of
dairy product of good quality at a minimum cost. It is
only recently that any concerted action has been taken
to find out what was really her dair}^ ability, and while
we have not as large a number of cases as we could
wish to allow us to compare the form with the dairy
result, we have a few ; and as far as I have been able
to observe, the same rule holds true in Ayrshires as in
other breeds as to the dairy form that excels at the
pail, and as you depart from that form the 3neld, as a
rule, decreases.

The question for Ayrshire breeders to decide is
whether they will hold to the A3^rshire model as laid
down by Scotch breeders for the show ring, or will
change somewhat the ideal type as laid down in the
scale of points, and allow a more decided dairy t5"pe to
be the standard of excellence. Are the breeders of
Ayrshires to stand still and keep the standard of the
Ayrshire cow at a medium grade, or are the}^ ready to
push her to the front as a producer ?

There is a limit to the product almost in proportion
to her shapeliness, as laid down in the scale of points
for the show ring. The question is, are yo\i breeding
show Ayrshires or Dairy Ayrshires ? The scale ol
points as issued by an Association is supposed to be
the standard of excellence and the rule to guide breed-
ers. Now let any breeder go through his herd and
keep a careful record of the dairy yield and compare it

73
-with the perfect type as laid down in the scale of points
^ni see where it lands him. Are the cows that scale
the highest the ones that pay the best ? Every breeder
should, as far as he is able, have his herd close to tlie
type of the breed, and w^hich shall he sacrifice, looks or
utility? If the scale of points is not such as will en-
•courage breeding Ayrshires of the highest utility, then
the scale should be changed so as not only to allow but
-encourage breeders to develop the highest type of a
Dairy A3^rshire.

The photographs cf noted i^. yrshires at the pail,
both in Scotland and here, indicate that the greatest
-dairy yields come from a different looking cow from the
one you usually see led into the show ring. I have
here a photograph of Ayrshires that won at the pail,
and they are of the dairy type. You may pass this
around, gentlemen. This is a photograph taken in
i860 of cow^s that were in the dairy test for a prize
offered by the Duke of Athol for the largest amount of
milk for ten successive milkings in Ayr, Scotland,
April 25, 1E60. You will see those cows are of the
dairy type with small horns and long teats.

I have here, in connection with that, which might
as well follow it, a collection of photograghs taken
from the recent Herd books in Scotland of prize win-
ners, which are bred, from the original Ayrshire cattle,
according to the present desire of Scotchmen.

I have here another bunch which are bred from
our own Eastern and United States Ayrshire cows,
which are of the American type, and probably origi-
nated from the descendants of those that were brought
over about the time that the photograph w^as taken.
You will notice that the American bred Ayrshires
closely resemble the cows in the Scotch picture of i860,

1A

\Vliile the Scotch prize winners are very different fronj
either. The i860 Scotch cows and the photographs of
the American bred Ayrshire show larger udders, longer
teats and smaller horns. The}^ ma}' not be as stylish
looking, but they show a decidedh^ better dair}^ type.

I was at the Experimental Farm at Ottawa last
fall, and the}^ showed me Scotch bred Ayrshires of both
dair}^ t5^pe and show type, also Canadian bred A3'r-
shires, and the}^ had kept records of their milk and
butter 3deld for the 3^ear. I was interested in noticing-
the difference. The Canadian bred Ayrshires had not
proved very good milkers, but the A3'rshires of the
dairy type that were imported from Scotland were
superior cows, ver3^ much such cows as those in the
i860 picture and cur own American bred Ayrshires,
good size, shapely udder, small horns, long teats, and a
decided dair}^ look, but not as handsome to look at as
the show yard Ayrshires that where imported from
Scotland and standing side by side. The man in
charge called my attention to the beaut3^ of the show
Ayrshires, but said the others were far ahead in dairy.
It was another example of there being two types in
Scotland. •

There is no good reason wh3^ there should be such
a scarcity of 10,000 pound Ayrshire cows, and if breed-
ers would pay more attention to the dairy t3'pe of their
Ayrshire cows, the 506 pound butter cows would be
more plentiful.

I see no good reason why our American breeders
of Ayrshires should follow after the Scotch type of
laro-e horn and small teat. If the Ayrshire breeders of
Scotland have departed from the original type of their
breed that about the time our early importations were
made, and from which the best Ayrshires of the States

75

and Canada have descended, I do not see the wisdorii
^of our following their lead, especially when it gives us
poorer dairy cows, because removed from the standard
•dairy type that excels in milk production. (Great
applause.)

The Prksident : Gentlemen, the paper la open
for discussion, and I hope this will be complete. The
question of '.' The Relation of Structure to Dairy Capac-
ity*' will now be discussed.

Rev. Dr. Pember : May I ask Mr. Winslow in
what way he would suggest any change from the pres-
•ent scale we have in our book ?

Secretary Winsi.o\v : I notice in looking over
the scale of points of other dairy breeds they allow a
latitude in straightness from the head to the shoulders
and in straightness of the back. It seems to me we
require too straight an animal from the horns to the
tail. Drop out the "stiaight" on the neck and back
of the animal. We arbitrarily require this, while other
breeds leave it open, so that the breeder can breed a
cow that has a high pelvic arch, and has, perhaps, a
ewe neck, and not be disqualified according to their
scale of points, while it would be by ours. We expect
a man who goes into the ring to judge Ayrshires will
judge according to our points. We expect any careful
breeder will breed as closel}^ as he can to the scale of
points. I like a straight line for the beauty, if we can
get as much milk; but we are compelling our breeders
to breed straight lines, and all the other breeds leave it
open.

Rev. Dr. Pember : I would suggest, to get at
the point I was reaching for, for instance, back short
and straight changed to read back strong, requiring
that the spine should be well defined, especially at the

76 ■

sTiouTders, ribs vtell sprung, giving large barrel capac-
ity, the body deep at the flanks. Of course, you don't
want your barrel capacit}^ made any different.

The Secretary : Neck moderately long and
straight from the head to the top of the shoulder. You:
will find in ver}^ good cows a ewe neck, won't you, Mr..
Brown ?

Mr. Brown : I think so.

Mr. Winslow : We claim a cow with an inclitja-
tion to ewe neck may be a good cow, but we have here
the word "straight'^ and 3'o\i dicrqiialif}^ her. Now,
suppose 3^ou want to breed according to the scale o£
your breed and 3^ou get a cow with a straight neck, and
And the cow with the straight neck is not as good a cow
as one with a ewe neck.

Dr. Pember : You mean dropping a little from
the point of the shoulder.

Mr. Winseow : Yes, you find quite a number of
cows dropping in a little in front of the shoulder.

A Member : Do you find many cows that drop a
little bit from the shoulders ?

Mr, Winseow : Yes, I think you Vvdll find quite
a number in this set of pictures of American bred A3^r-
shire cows ; you won't find a great many heavy milkers
Init what drop a little.

Mr. Pember ^ I think you will find most of the
Scotch bred cows in these pictures have a straight neck
and even a straight back ; but if 3^ou look at the cows
that have large records, their back is not straight from
the withers to the drop of the tail ; is not that so Mr.
Brown ?

Mr. Brown : That is the general opinion.
There is a good deal of difference in that, you know.
The big-backed ones are pretty apt to be pretty thick

77
across the withers. For my part, and I think most
breeders, will pick out a cow that has thin shoulders to
be milkers. I like to see them thin there and spread
out as they go back — wedge shaped.

Rkv. DPv. Pkmbkr : What I was reaching at is,
if that is wrong, w^hy not change it ?

Mr. Winslow : That is what I think. Here is
what the Guernsey people claim: " I^ong, thin neck
with strong juncture to head, clean throat, backbone
rising w^ell between shoulder blades ; large, rugged,
spinal processes, indicating good development of the
spinal cord ; pelvis arching and wnde, rump long ; wide,
strong structure of spine at setting on of tail." They
say nothing about " straightness." Now the Holstein :
" Neck long, fine and clean at juncture with the head
free from dew-lap, evenly and smoothly joined to the
shoulders." Jerseys: "Neck thin, rather long wdth
cl-ean throat and not heavy at the shoulder." You see
all the breeds leave that open, so that the breeder can
have a little latitude in his breeding, and still keep to
the scale of points and breed for the dairy instead of
something else.

Rev. Dr. Pkmber : Mr. Winslow, what step is
necessary to drop out that word " straight," and w^ould
it be policy to do it ? There is the question. Do the
facts bear us out in that ?

Mr. Winslow : It makes us differ a little from
the old Scotch type of Ayrshires, and the question is
whether we want to adhere strongly to the old Scotch
type, cr to the American Ayrshire that was bred since
we imported ; w^hether we want to breed for larger
dairy capacity. As our scale of points now reads, a
breeder must either ignore the judgment of his Associa-
tion in giving him a rule to breed by, or he must sacri-

7»
fice his best dairy cows ; and the same is true with an
expert judge when in the ring judging Ayrshires, he
must scale down the best dairy cows for non-essential
points. My Iriend Mr. Brown, in going into the ring
to judge Ayrshires, will adhere to the dairy type more
than the type the Scotch think we must breed. A
Canadian at one time found a great deal of fault with
Mr. Brown's judgment. I told him Mr. Brown knew a
good cow when he saw it, and told him Mr. Brown
didn't like an Ayrshire- with big horns and short teats,
and if he had those he would likely have cattle that Mr.
Brown didn't like. He claimed Mr. Brown gave the
premium to cows that were not so handsome. I would
like to hear what Mr. Brown has to sa3\ He has helped
to make out several scales of points.

Mr. Broavn : Mr. President, in relation to this scale
of points, I consider that more a matter of judgment
between the men that are making up this scale of
points. Of course, if one man wants to breed a straight
neck and a straight back straight to the tail, and
another man wants a different style, for instance, one
wi:h a ewe neck with a drop at the shoulder, some of
them want a cow's back thin and run uack to the hip.
Mr. Winslow was talking, or describing, a good long
hip- To get a long hip 3^ou have got to have a prett}'
straight tail ; 3^0 u have got to have a tail that runs out
there and drops pretty square behind the cow. It shows
the difference in breeders and the difference in cows. I
remember once hearing a remark made at a New Eng-
land fair by a man.from lyOwell. At that lime we had
a judge from one of the New England states, and I
went up to a man there and said, " I wish 3^ou would
take that cow out. I want to just look at her head a
little." This man said, " I don't care about her head ;

79

don't make no odds whether she has got any head or
not. If I can put a washbowl in under her tail, that is
all I waixt to see." It was a remark that I never heard
before. I guess all I ever learned in my life was by
observing such things and going home and experiment-
ing with my own cattle. As a general thing, the best
cattle behind indicated a looseness. He made another
statement here — he spoke of being in the ring in New
York state. I remember it perfectly well. It was a
very good show, and there were two cows that Vv^ere
very close — one w^as pretty nearly a solid cow, and the
other was mostly white. We finally decided there were
some points we liked about the nearh^ white cow that
we would give it to the white cow — the cow which was
mostly all w^hite with just a little red on the tars and
head ; and, finally, a man that was connected with the
" Country Gentleman " came to me and said, " Why,
Mr. Brown, how is it, you don't like w^hite cattle, do
3' on ? " " Oh, yes," I said, " I don't object to white
cattle." " Well," he said, " I notice youhavn't given
these cattle any prizes," that was, those of Mr. Stacey's
herd. I said " No," and I said, " You must acknowl-
edge one thing, that I have given the first prize to a
white cow." That was a cow called White Floss. I
guess Mr. Converse and Mr. Wells know about her.
I guess Mr. Wells has bred from that same cow. I
said to this man who was there in connection with the
" Country Gentlemen, " I^ook here, friend, let us go
around and look over those cows a little," and w^e went
over and looked at these white cows. I said to him,
" Do ^ou like that kind of a horn ? " They had up-
right horns that stuck right up, oh, perhaps a foot and
a half long and as big around as my arm where they
came down to the head, thick necked, big shouldered,

8o

straight right from the top of the shoulder, fine back,
straight, as Mr. Winslow said, to the tail ; but I went
and put my hand on to the skin. That is a great point
with me — the hide, when I take up the hide I like it to
feel right. I said to this gentlemen, " Take hold of
these cows and examine them a little, feel of their hide
and see what 3'ou think of it." He said — well, he
didn't seem to understand anything about t'^at — " What
do you mean?" "Well," I said, "You handle that
hide and 3^ou will find it pretty hard work to get it up
in 3^our hand, for instance, I like a hidef^^^you- canL.pick
up. You can't take that skin in 3''Our hand soft and
mellow." "Now," I said, "look at these cows'
udders, they are little " — there wasn't a single one, or
but one, good cow on exhibition, but I think there
wasn't another one that had what I called a decent
udder ; Uiey had little bits of teats. The}^ were not
bigger than ordinary sheep's teats — not a single one of
them. " Now, I said, " I am opposed to that kind of
cattle." I said, " In Rhode Island men do the milk-
ing ; they get up in the morning and go out to milk,
and get it on the milk-cart and down to the station on
time, and the}' don't want to sit dowui and strip with
the thumb and finger; let women do that." And I
said, " In New England the men w^ant a teat they can
take hold of, so that their hand will press out a quan-
tity of milk ; the}' don't want to be ten minutes milking
a cow." I timed a man one time — he was not told to
milk as fast as he could — to see how long it took him to
milk ten cows right along, and it took him two minutes
and a half apiece. Now, if you are going to have little
teats to milk, why he w^ouldn't do it in au}^ tw^o minutes
and a half. Well, I know there is a good deal of feel-
ina: bev:ause I disagreed with the herd that came from

Canada over these points, which I did not like. Now,
I think as much almost of the skin of a cow as any one
point ; and then, another thing I like — I guess there are
very few but will bear me out in it — I think a good
deal about her escutcheon.

That is very important in a milker. Now, the first
question a man wants to study is to find out the points
he generally finds in a good milker. I have studied up
the thing closely, and I find in my best cows, and the
best cows that I meet in going through the country, a
nice escutcheon — soft, velvety hair— there is none of
this loose kind of coarse hair you find on some of these
cows.

Give me a good skin, a long, thin neck, dish face,
good bright eyes, good nostrils, a soft, mellow hide, a
good udder, good teats, and you can have the rest.
(Applause.)

Rev. Dr. Pembbr : In order to get at this, it
evidentl}^ needs careful consideration^the question of
changing this word " straight" or leaving it out, if it
is necessary to leave it out in our scale of points, I
move you that this matter be referred to the Bxecutive
Committee to report at our next annual meeting, if
they should see fit, of course, to make the recommenda-
tion to leave it out. I move that it be referred to the
Executive Committee with instructions to report
thereon at our next meeting.

Seconded by Mr. Yeaton.

The President : Is there any discussion ? It
seems to me the discussion should take place here, and
the discussion should be pretty complete, so that the
Committee will know what the different members think
in regard to this change, so they can arrive at some

Ct>nclusion agreeable to what most of the members
want, if possible.

Mr. WinsIvOW : I would like to make an amend-
ment to Mr. Pember's motion. The whole Associatioix
has more interest in it than the Kxecntive Committee^
and I think that with the members here today we can
settle this just as satisfactorily as we could by waiting-
a year. We have our show at St. Louis another year,.
and it might be worth something to us to have a scale
of points to back up the cows we expect to show there.
I would move you, to get the sense of the meeting, that
in No. 2 of the scale of points the words, ^' Neck mod-
erately long, and straight from the head to the top of
the shoulder," that the " straight from the head to the
top of the shoulders " be struck out, leaving it to read
thus, " Neck moderately long, free from loose skin on
the under side, fine at its junction with the head, and
enlarging symmetrically towards the shoulders."

Rev, Dr. PbmbER ^ Would you change No. 4 ?

Mr. Winslow •. Four I would change to, "A
straight back, spine well defined, especially at the
shoulders • ribs well sprung, giving large barrel capac-
ity ; the body deep at the flanks —

The President (interrupting) : Would you
leave the "straight" off, or put in "moderately
straight " in No. 4 ?

Rev. Dr. Pember : How about No. 5 ?

Mr. Winslow : That is, "Hindquarters long,
broad and straight, except a pelvic arch." If you
allow "pelvic arch " in there, it seems to me that
Straight is not out of place.

Mr. Brown : Well, they are apt to get short
quarters, you know. There is one point there, I think,
the loins in a milch cow. That is a great point for

^3

tlieir constitution. A cow may have almost all the
other points, and, if she has not got a good loin, she
never will be a successful milker. What I mean is a
cow that will give a good mess, and will hold it through
the yean There is one point I did not mention, that
is, the holes that come into the udd^r of a milch cow,
I think you will find it a very important thing in a cow.
I think the length of the teats is quite important, and
not only the length of the teats, hnt the hole that goes
in the cow's stomach should be so you can put j^our
thumb in it. If there are tvio or three holes, so much
the better. I have seen three holes on one side and
two on the other — seemed to be a perfect net-work of
mi^lk veins under her* barrel. I have seen the milk
veins extended well forward, and the hole often ex-
tended clear up under her shoulder, I like to see that.
Still, if you hive only one hole, I would like to see
large veins. You often find it don't go under the
shoulder when there are only two milk holes. I don't
like to see big, heavy, coarse veins— I like to see them
soft and mellow to handle, the same as you would the
skin. Then when you come back to flank, a great
many don't know there is a vein there. I remember
once handling a cow there when I was examining some
cows, and when I got back there a mm said, " What is
back there on the flank, I notice you alwaj^s put your
hand under the flank ?" I said, " Aint there anything
there?" He said, "I don't knov/." I said, "Come
here and let us see. Put your hand on here and let us
see." Well, he put his hand on her and rubbed her
with it. and I asked if he felt anything, and he said,
*' Oh, there is something in there, isn't there ? " And
I took my thumb and finger and slipped through it. I
said, "That is what I was feeling for." He said,

'' Well, what is it, what is it ? " I said, " What do you;
think it is? " He said, " I don't know. I never had
anything to do with that. I never knew anything:
about it." I said, " I will tell you. A cow's bag is-
just the same as a square house, partitions through the
center and across it ; there are four quarters to it, and
each quarter is separate," Well, he didn't hardly
think it was so. I said, " To prove it to you, you
sometimes have seen a cow give milk that was bloody
out of one teat and the rest was good I " " Oh. yes,"'
he said he had, " Well, if the milk all came together,-
why wasn't it all bloody ? '^' Well, well, he didn't,
know, you know. Of course, that was the proof you
know — it was separate. Now, this is an important
point. A butcher will tell you they are kidney veins —
I don't care w^hat you call them. It is the vein that
takes care of the hind teat in the cow'"s bag. The other
goes into the bag and cares for the front teats.

Rev. Dr. PkmbBR : Mr. President, I will with-
draw my motion and accept Mr. Winslow's amend-
ment.

The President : Does the seconder of the
motion consent to the withdrawal ?

Mr. Yeaton; I do.

Rev. Dr. Pember : Now, as I understend the
motion, in No. 2 we simply strike out "straight from
the head to the top of the shoulder," and in No. 4 drop
the word "straight," simply sa3nng " back short." I
suggest, simply for your thought, sa3ang, "short and
strong" instead of "straight, making it read "back
short and strong, spine well defined', etc."

Mr. WlNSEOW : I have no objection to that.

Rev. Dr. Pember : Then in No. 5 you have no

85
fault to find with the word "straight" there, have
you ?

Mr. Brown : Won't 3-ou read No. 5 ?

Mr. Winslow^ : "Five. " Hindquarters long,
broad and straight, except a pelvic aich ; hookbones
wide apart and not overlaid wnth fat, tail long, slender
and set on a level with the back."

Rkv. Dr. Pbmber : Then the only amendment
would be to drop that sentence in No. 2, and change
the word " straight " to " strong " in No. 4. I am
prepared to vote for that now as well as any time, if the
rest are.

The President : Gentlemen, you have heard
the amendment. Is there any further discussion ? If
you are ready for the question, w^e will vote on it.

Mr. Fletcher : I w^ould like to ask, Mr. Presi-
dent, if it would not be well to raise the standard of
weight under No. 10 ? I think the larger our Ayrshires
are, the better it is for the breed. I think that any-
thing w^hich tends to improve the breed, or has some-
thing to do with it, as I think size has, should be
recognized.

Mr. Winseow : That is 1000 pounds for the aver-
age live W' eight of a mature cow.

Mr. Fletcher : A cow may weigh iioo pounds,
and it would be a good thing ; you say about 1000
pounds

Rev. Dr. Pember : It is the average, you know.

The President : It might be above or below ;
it is the average rate.

Mr. Fletcher : All ri«^ht, I didn't understand
that.

The President : Any further discussion ? If
not, we will put the question. It has been moved and

86

seconded that the scale of points be modified as fol-
lows : that in section 2 the words " and straight from
the head to the top of the shoulder " be omitted.

Motion carried.

The President : And in section 4 to change
the word " straight" to "strong." The section w^ould
then read, " Back short and strong, spine well defined,
especially at the shoulders ; ribs well sprung, giving
large barrel capacity ; the body deep at the flan'tis."

The motion was then put and carried.

Mr. Converse : I would like to emphasize the
remarks in reference to the Canadian herd referred to
and exhibited at our State fair. You are familiar with
the fact that the Canadians appointed a Committee,
w^hose business it was to examine ever}^ animal and
ever}- herd to be shown at the Pan-American. Our
friend Stacey made a fine exhibit at that time, and
applied for a chance to show his herd at the Pan-
American. This Committee refused to allow him to do
it. They simpl)" said the}^ were not good representa-
tive dair}^ cattle, and they wouldn't allow him to come
and make the exhibit.

There is one point I think was overlooked in both
the papers read with reference to the beef qualities of
the Ayrshire animal. Now, we all understand there is
a strong difference in the quality of mutton produced
by a different variety of sheep. Take fine w^ools and
they have got a strong, sheepy flavor that is not pleas-
ant. It is a fact that there is also a difference in flavor
in cattle. It is a fact that the flavor of Ayrshire beef is
equal to the flavor of any beef. Now, our experience
when we have had a cow that has been turned over to
the butcher is, that he says when he comes around next
time the customer will say, " I wdsh you would bring

87

that kind of beef always." It is the best beef for your
customers, and the best beef to handle. Last 3'ear we
had occasion to slaughter a heifer, a three-year-old that
would not breed. The heifer was sent to one of the
best butchers in our county, and, after dressing and
disposing of ihe carcass, he told us it was the best car->
cass of beef that had been in his shop during the whole
3^ear, no matter what breed, whether they were short
horns or anything else. Well, that shows that the
Ayrshire is capable of producing not only beef as
cheaply, but of just as good a quttlity.

Since my friend indulged in a little story referring
to the Holstein-Friesian, if you will pardon me, I will
just give you one little story illustrating this point. A
few years ago, at a certain State fair, a gentleman was
showing a splendid herd of Jerseys. When he was
read}^ to lead them into the ring, a man stood there
who was a very prominent and loud-spoken man, an
exhibitor of Holsteins, and when he was about to lead
in the little Jerseys, this Holstein man said, " Stand
back here, make wa}^ for the little cream pots." Of
course, they laughed, and the man went and shov^-ed
his Jerseys, and in due time the time came for the other
man to go in with his Holsteins, and the Jerse}^ exhibi-
tor was present, and he put in his oar and said, "Stand
back here, gentlemen, make way for the waterworks."
(Laughter and applause.)

Rev. Dr. Pkmber : I rise to say a few words, if
you will permit me. I had a letter from a party from
another part of our State, and he said he had a milk-
route, and that he had as good cows as anybody, he
guessed ; that he had Jersey and Grade Jersey cows,
and he wanted to breed them so ?s to increase the flow,
and it lay, in his judgment, between introducing a Hoi-

stein or an Ayrshire bull of the right grade. He knew
I had Ayrshires, and wanted to know which I thought
was best. I said, " If it is simply the quantit}'- of milk
3^ou are trying to increase, I would suggest that you
use the city h^^drant instead of the Holstein for your
choice." I rise to make another point in regard to this
scale.

After listening to Mr. Brown's remarks, I feel
quite in sympathy with what he said, and I take his re-
marks as the basis for what I propose to recommend.

No. 8 sa5^s "skin mellow, soft and elastic, and cov-
ered with soft, close, woolly hair." And yet, while it
is considered so important by any judge that I ever saw
take hold of A3^rshires — that is, an}^ kind of a judge —
3'our scale of points are but five, and weight, a thing
that is not essentially important, " average live weight
in full milk about one thousand pounds," eight points.
Of course, that is true, that is, the average weight
around about looo pounds. Many weigh up to about
iioo pounds. I bought one of brother Winslow, and I
weighed it on a scale at Bangor, and it weighed 1080
pounds. We don't find any fault if it runs over a
little, and I suggest that No. 10, which j'ou see scores
eight, now I move that these figures be reversed. I
dont want to disturb this thing too much — just simpl}^
reverse the figures, and let us allow five points for
weight, and eight points for the skin and hair condition
of the animal.

Mr. Brown : You Vv^ere speaking about the dif-
ferent qualities of A3^rshires. I must tell you a little
experience I had. I had a grade A3'rshire bull, and he
was a great fellow — weighed most 2000 pounds. I got
ready to kill him, and I sent for a man I was acquainted
with to come and look him over. He looked a minute

or so, and he didn't say anything. Finally 1 said,
'■' What is he worth ? " He said, " I don't know. If
1 should buy this bull and it dressed off kind of blue.
Brown, I should have a big lot of bull beef on hand,
:shouldn't I ? " I said, "Yes." " Well, he said, " I
•don't know ; if he dressed off well I could do pretty
Tvell with him." He was a man I had confidence in^
and I said, " You take the bull and dress him, and
;give me what you can afford to ; if he dresses off blue,
aint good for anything, pay what he is worth, that is
all I want." "All right," he said, "I take him on
that condition." Well, he took htm, and it ran along
a month or so, and I was going by the market one da^^
and he came out and said, " Come in, I want to paj^
you for that bulk" I said, " All right." So I got out
•of my wagon and w^ent in, and-^Stephen his name was,
I always called him Stevie — I said, " Stevie, how much
are you going t3 give me for the bull? " "I am going
to give you the highest price for any steer beef in this
country." " Well," I said, " I am very glad of that."
^' I never sold a piece of that bull but what the man
came back and wanted some more ; I never had so
good a piece of meat in my market as that bull was."

Mr. Yeaton : I second Mr. Pember's motion.

Thk Prksidknt : You have heard the motion
that the number ot points in section 8 be exchanged for
those in section lo ; that is, for skin, mellow, soft and
elastic and covered with soft, close, woolly hair, the
scale of points to be 8 ; and average live weight in full
milk about one thousand pounds be given five points.
Is there any discussion?

Dr. Dok : I think that the gentlemen's point is
perhaps very well taken : that a nice skin which has
mellowness and so on should really fetch more, but we

go

had not given in this scale of points any too much value
to the size of our cows. I find that people who are-
becoming interested in A3^rshires are looking more andi
more every 3^ear towards increase in size. There was a.
time 850 or 900 pounds was considered a pretty fair
sized cow, and we have here an average of 1000 pounds.-
I think that every fift}^ or 100 pounds we can add to the
size of our Ayrshires is worth every additional point
between those given to the quality of the skin and the
size of the animal. We are all in this business for the
mone}^ there is in it. I think the additional 100 pounds
we could get on an animal wnll sell that animal more
quickly than a difference of three points in the quality
of the hide. This is simply my personal opinion. I
would like to hear from the other members oi the Asso-
ciation.

Rev. Dk. PkmbBR :■ Pardon me for speaking
again. I have no objection whatever. I would vote —
if the doctor should make an amendment for an addi-
tion to the weight — I would be willing to raise the
standard to 1050 pounds, if you wish, as the average,
I think that our Ayrshires could stand that. I did not
propose any change in the weight, but it seems to me
in comparison that eight points is pretty heavy to put
on there, because, ordinarily, there w^ould be no cow
that had eight points difference — as an average, I
mean. Let a man v/alk into the show ring today, and
he would have no occasion and no judge would have
any occasion to cut the weight of an average of 1000
pounds, whereas he could cut the other because of con-
dition— I mean, if he was working for fine points, if he
found coarse hair, a thick-hided, rough creature — and
if he had to cut, he ought to have room to cut. That
Was my feeling. I think the eight better stand there

- ^1

mnd the five go on the weight, because at present there
'will be no question as to the weight— that was my figur-
ing of the thing exactl}^

Mr. W1NSI.0W : I think Mr. P^mber in his show
:ring experience must have run up against some large
'COWS. I have seen a good many Ayrshire cows led
into the ring that would not weigh over S50 or 900
■pounds. I think the ' ' average live weight in full
milk " means for mature cows, and that this should be
her usual weight at this period of actation. She
would sometimes be fieshier than at other times when
in full milk, but she should usually weigh that after
■calving.

Dr. Doe : It is a question of the show ring.

Rev. Dr. Pkmber : Sure, it is the show ring
now where we have them. If you are going into the
show ring, you want to keep your standard up if you
can,

Mr. Brown : Do I understand the average weight
shall be 1000 pounds ?

Rev. Dr. Pember : I have no quarrel with that,

Mr. BS.OWN : Is that the way it is left ?

■Rev. Dr. Pember : Yes, there is no question
about that. If the doctor should make a motion, I am
willing to stand for a raise, if he thinks fit.

Mr. Brown: I think 1000 pounds is as much
as an Ayrshire will average. We all like to get large
ones, but I think more will go under 1000 pounds than
will go over 1000 pounds.

The President : Any further discussion on this
matter ? This transfer of the number of points ?

Mr. FeETCHer : I think size is an element at
the dairy as well as in the show ring. I think it is
fully as important in the average run.

Rkv. Dr. Pember : Don't 3'ou think tlie best
dair}^ cow has a soft, elastic skin ?

Mr. FIvETCHer : Yes, but it is a combination of
Both,

Dr. Doe : From my standpoint, after what Mr..
Pember said, I think we ought to gain the extra size.
I think if we can make the breeding of Ayrshires, such
Ayrshires as are demanded today with an extra fifty
or loo pounds, that counts in the show^ ring, but I
doubt very much whether the three points for the qual-
it}^ of the hide should be transferred over there instead,
of leaving it for the increase of fifty or a loo pounds-
weight. I would rather have an extra loo pounds ok
fti}^ cow than to have a little additional quality in the
hide and the hair. I think that the three points ought
to go to the credit of the size of the animal.

Rev. Dr. Pember : I can't see why it is going-
to change the weight at all. At the present time, as it
stands, the w^eight is an average of about icoo pounds.

Mr. Wai^ker : I wish we could hear from every
member,- Mr. President, on this change in the scale of
points. We have made one change toda}^ and the
question is whether we should do any more changing.

The PresibE2^t r That is what we want : tJie
opinion of every member here on the subject. Gentle- ■
men, to m^^ mind the question is : what shall the
standard size of the cow be at her full w^eight?

Mr. Walker r We will leave that with the
judge.

The President : There is where the latitude
comes in. Where shall that average be ? Shall we
raise the figures ? Shall we say that the average live
vreight in full milk shall be looo pounds ? If we say
the standard shall be average live vveight at maturity,

93
we can make it 1050 pounds, or even 1080 pounds. We
are tr^dng to better the weight, and some men are try-
ing particularh^ for the soft skin, soft hair ; they are
all striving for perfection.

Dr. Dok : I V\70uld like to hear from JVIr. Con-
verse ; he has had experience in the show ring.

Mr. Converse : It is an acknowledged fact with
scientists that small animals are very much 'easier to
keep than large ones ; in other words, the cost of keep-
ing is in proportion to weight. When we come to
increase the size of our cows, we also increac'e the cost.
You will bear in mind that away back all breeds sprung
from one breed, and these various breeds man made.
We have got it in our power to make just such animals
as we breed for. We can make the ponderous short
horn out of an Ayrshire, if we work for it. It is only a
question of work, and if we want to. We can make the
Ayrshire weigh 1400 or 1500 pounds. The experi-
m^ents that are first made will be ruinous to the milking
qualities.

Dr. Doe : That reminds me of a story, A man
complained to the mayor of the city and said that the}^
had a little calf in the house, and the people wanted a
change, and the mtayor said, " Well, keep goats."
(Ivaughter.) If v/e are going to the other extreme, we
might do that. It seems to me you are making one
experiment as it is, and that is enough.

Mr. Converse : You will find plenty of Scotch-
men born and bred in Scotland who don't want a bigger
cow than will weigh from 850 to 900 pounds. They say
you can produce more milk with that sort o( a cow
than you can with one weighing 1 100 or 1200 pounds.
So far as I am personally concerned, I should certainly
go against awarding an extra number of points — in-
creasing the number in the show ring — for a cow that

94

would weigh over looo pounds. I think that is enough,
Mr. President. I think we are setting a bad precedent
if we try to increase the size ^regardless of its effect on
the milk production.

Thb Presidemt : Gentlemen, we are ready to
take a vote, and the question has been called for. All
those in favor of making section 8 read "eight"
instead of " five " points, and section lo read " five "
instead of "eight" points, that is, transposing the
number of points given to weight and skin, will signify
by saying " aye."

The motion was lost.

Mr. Fletcher : T just telephoned Mr. Drew at
his house, and told him the Ayrshire Breeders' Asso-
ciation had tendered their regrets that he could not be
Vvath them today, and asked how he was. They said
he was very comfortable, and said he thanked God he
was alive.

The President : That is very pleasant news.

Gentlemen, is there . anything further that 3'ou
would like to bring up before the meeting at this time ?

Mr. Winslow : There are some year-books that
we would like to have an}^ members who want to take a
few for distribution. The}^ are a good advertisement
for 3^our cattle.

Mr. Converse : You will bear in mind a year
ago an attempt was made to get the Empire State to
make an appropriation for live stock at the St. Louis
show, and, in consultation with various men, among
whom was Senator Brown and some others, they
thought we could secure a part of the appropriation of
that amount, namely, $300,000, and our efforts with all
the help we could secure were bent in that direction.
The $300,000 was appropriated, but up to date we

95

havii't heard that any part of that worth speaking about
has been appropriated for this gigantic interest of the
Empire State, namely, live stock. The secretary of
this commission, in answer to letters written at my sug-
gestion by Senator Brown, states that he learns by
looking the papers over that the State paid $5,000 to
the World's Fair and $5,000 at the Pan-American, and
sees no reason why they should pay any more now. I
suggested that the senator write and say when that
$5000 was divided among ten or twelve breeds cf cattle,
and among the breeds of sheep and swine and horses,
there wouldn't be enough of it so we would know we
had anything. Your Committee is ready to take hold
and do anything we can to help push this thing
through, and I would like to make this suggestion :
that the various cattle breeders' associations pass reso-
lutions strongly urging an appropriation from this State
for this purpose. Senator Brown is ready to do any-
thing to help us, but he says the only chance for us is
to get other exhibitors and our agricultural editors to
howl long enough and loud enough, and for the asso-
ciations to talk loud enough to make this expense a
necessity, as it is ; and, therefore, I move you, sir, to
pass the following resolution : —

''Resolved, That the Ayrshire Breeders' x\ssocia-
tion, assembled in Albany December 2, 1903, earnestly
request the legislature of the State of New York to
appropriate $50,000 for the live stock interests at the
St. Louis Exposition."

If we could get that much, it would come, proba-
bly, in the shape of extra premiums, or some arrange-
ment probably would be made whereby it would be
apportioned for the benefit of the various breeds of cat-
tle, sheep and swine. I would like very much to have
that resolution passed.

96

Seconded b}" several.

Rev. Dr. Pembkr : The suggestion occurs to me
whether it is advisable for this Association to pass such
a resolution unless you will permit us to go on and pass
resolutions for the other states.

Mr. Converse : Certainly.

Mr. Winslow : At the last meeting there was a
Committee appointed, one from each State. Mr. Pem-
ber was appointed on that Committee to represent
Maine, and there was a Committee of three to represent
ISTew York, of which, I think, Mr. Converse, who in-
troduced the resolution, is chairman, and there are
some one or more from each State. The thought was
there should be a Committee for eacli State to represent
the A3^rshire interests in that State to unite with any
Committees appointed in the State to represent any
other live stock associations of that State in preparing
and making an exhibit from their States at the St.
Louis fair, and that this united Committee shall be
expected to work in harmony in trying to obtain appro-
priations from their State legislature in aid of the live
stock exhibit from their own State, and that this shall
be done in all the States as far as possible. We then
appointed a Committee from each State. In New York
we appointed J. F. Converse, of Woodville ; Hon.
Augustus Denniston, of Washingtonville, and E. B.
Norris, of Sodus.

Rev. Dr. Pember : Doesn't that cover the case
as well as anything we could do ?

Mr. Converse : Well, that was done last 3^ear.

The President : All those in favor will signify
by saying " a^e."

Motion lost.

97
Mr. WinsIvOW : In that connection it seems to
me it wouldn't be a bad idea if this Association should
pass a resolution endorsing the request of the Commit-
tee of the State of New York to make strenuous efforts
to obtain from their own State an appropriation of $50,-
000. It seems to me that that Vv^ould put it in a differ-
ent light from what it was before — asking them to make
it at the Association's request. I would make that as a
motion.

Mr. Pikb : As a resident of the State, I second
the motion.

The President : You have heard the motion.
Is there any discussion on this ? If not, we will put
the question. All in favor of the motion signify by
saying " a3-e."

The motion was carried.

The President : Before we adjourn, gentlemen,
I would like to make the announcement that our annual
banquet will take place at 6 o'clock in the dining room
down stairs, and we extend to everyone present an invi-
tation to sta}^ and dine with us tonight, and I would
like to ask the Committee on the St. Louis fair to re-
main and go into session after we adjourn, and like-
wise the Executive Committee to remain. Is there any
further business to come before the meeting ?

Mr. Yeaton : It seems to me after these able
papers read this afternoon they should not go un-
noticed, and I move a vote of thanks to Mr. Winslow
and Mr. Pember for their papers, and that this Associa-
tion endorse the sentiments expressed therein. I would
also move a vote of thanks be extended to Mr. Flanders
for his elegant and instructive address.

Motion seconded and carried unanimously.

The President : Is there anything further fc-
come before the meeting ? If not, a motion to adjourn;
is in order.

Mr. Yeaton ; I move we adjourn.

Seconded by Mr. Converse..

Motion carried.

The President : We stand adjourned to meet
at 6 o'clock this evening dowrr stairs iu the dining room,
for our annual banquet.

EXPERT JUDGES.

It is the opinion of the Ayrshire Breeders'" Associa-
tion that the men selected by the agricultural fair asso-
ciations throughout the country to judge Ayrshire
cattle in the ring should oe men acquainted with Ayr-
shire cattle, and men familiar wnth the scale of points
and characteristics of the breed.

The Executive Committee have selected the follow-
ing names of men in different parts of the country
whom we believe to be experts in judging Ayrshire
cattle, and would recommend to fair associations as
judges :—

Larned, J. H., Putnam, Conn.

Wells, Dudley, Wethersfield,

Wells, S. M., Newington,

Stewart, John, Elburn, 111.

Scoville. Prof M. A., Lexington, Ky.

Hunt, A. W., Brunswick, Me.

Fletcher, George A., Milton, Mass.

Hay ward. Prof. H., Mount Hernon, "

Fletcher, Etna J., South Eyndeboro, N. H,

Garvin, W. R., Dover,

Hayes, Charles H., Portsmouth, *'

Yeaton, George H.,
lyindsey, William,
Converse, Frank,
Converse, George H.,
Howatt, Gerald,
Sears, B. C,
Tubbs, Ambie S.,
Beatty, J. P.,
Plumb, Prof. C. S.,
Shimer, B. I^uther,
Brown, Obadiah,
Joslin, H. S.,
Sherman, H. B.,
Drew, ly. S.,
Spalding, F. W.,
Watson, H. R. C,

•9-9

Dover, N. H.
Plainfield, N. J.
Woodville,

N. Y.

White Plains,
Blooming Grove, "
Mexico,
Pataskala, O.
Columbus, "
Bethlehem, Pa.
Providence, R. I.
Mohegan, "
H arris ville, "
South Burlington, Vt.
Poultney, *'

Brandon, *'

SCALE OF POINTS OF AYRSHIRE BULL.

(Adopted December 2, 1903.)

The points desirable in the female are generally so
in the male, but must, of course, be attended with that
masculine character which is inseparable from a strong
and vigorous constitution. Bven a certain degree of
coarseness is admissible ; but then it must be so exclu-
sively of masculine description as never to be discovered
in a female of his get.

I. The head of the bull may be shorter than that
of the cow, but the frontal-bone should be
broad, the muzzle good size, throat nearly free
from hanging folds, eyes full. The horns
should have an upward turn with sufficient
size at the base to indicate strength of consti-
tution 10

TOO

2:. Neck of medium length, somewhat arched,
and large in the muscles which indicate power
and strength 10

3. Forequarters — shoulders close to the bod}^
wdthout any hollow space behind, chest broad,
brisket deep and well developed, but not too
large • j

4. Back short and straight, spine sufficiently de-
fined, but not in the same degree as in the
cow ; ribs well sprung, and body deep in the
flanks ." — 10

5. Hindquarters long, broad and straight ; hip
bones wide apart ; pelvis long, broad and
straight ;. tail set on a level with the back,
thighs deep and broad .• 10

6. Scrotum large with well developed teats in
front 7

7. Legs short in proportion to size, joints firm,
hind legs well apart, and not to cross in w^alk-

ing ' • ' • •• 5

8. Skin 3^ellow, soft, elastic and of medium thick-
ness-. •• 10

9. Color red of any shade, brown or white, or a
mixture of these, each color being distinctly
defined - 3

10. Average live weight at maturity about 1500
pounds 10

11. General appearance, including style and
movement 15

12. Escutcheon large and fine development - .. 3

Perfection 100

lOI

SCALE OF POINTS OF AYRSHIRE COW.

(Adopted December 2, 1903.)

The following scale of points for the Ayrshire cow
was adopted, being similar to the scale adopted in Scot-
land in 1884, and changed in a few points to render
them applicable to this country : —

1. Head medium in length, forehead wide, nose
fine between the muzzle and eyes, muzzle
wide, eyes full and lively, causing a hollow in
face ; wdde between horns, inclining upward... 10

2. Neck moderatel}^ long, free from loose skin on
under side, fine at its junction wath the head,
and enlarging symmetrically towards the
shoulders 5

3. Forequarters — shoulders sloping, withers fine,
chest sufficiently broad and deep to insure con-
stitution, brisket and whole forequarters light,
the cow gradually increasing in depth and*
width backwards 5

4. Back short and strong, spine well defined,
especially at the shoulders ; ribs w^ell sprung,
giving large barrel capacity ; the body deep at
the flan KS 10

5. Hindquarters long, broad and straight, except
a pelvic arch ; hookbones wide apart, and not
overlaid with fat ; tail long, slender and set on

a level with the back 7

6. Udder capacious and not fleshy, hind part
V broad and firmly attached to the body, the

sole nearly level and extending well forward ;
milk veins about udder and abdomen well
developed, the teats from 2 1-2 to three inches
in length equal in thickness — the thickness
being in proportion to the length — hanging

I02

perpendicularly. Their distance apart at the
sides should be equal to one-third of the length
of the vessel, and across to one-half the breadth
with no divisions between quarters of the
udder 30

7. Legs short in proportion to size, hind legs
straight when viewed from behind; thighs thin,
giving plenty of room for udder 4

8. Skin yellow, soft and elastic, and covered
with soft, close, woolly hair 5

9. Color red of any shade, brown or white, or a
mixture of these, each color being distinctly
defined 3

10. Average live weight in full milk about 1000
pounds 8

11. General appearance, including style and
movement 10

12. Escutcheon large an^ fine development 3

Perfection 100

I03

CHARTER.

An Act to Incorporate the Ayrshire Breeders' Association.

It is hereby e?iaded by the General Assejnbly of the State
of Vermont : —

Skc. I. J. D. W. French, James F. Converse,
Alonzo Ivibby, F. H. Mason, Obadiah Brown, Henry E.
Smith, C. M. Winslow, S. M. Wells, H. R. C. Watson,
James Scott, George A. Fletcher, Charles H. Hayes,
John Stewart, their associates and successors, are con-
stituted a body corporate by the name of the "A37rshire
Breeders' Association/' and by that name may sue and
be sued ; may acquire by gift or purchase, hold and
convey real and personal estate necessary for the pur-
poses of this corporation, not to exceed twenty-five
thousand dollars ; may have a common seal and alter
the same at pleasure.

Skc. 2. The object of this corporation shall be to
publish a Herd book, and for such other purposes as
may be conducive to the interests of breeders of Ayr-
shire cattle.

Sec. 3. This corporation may elect officers and
make such by-laws, rules and regulations for the man-
agement of its business as may be necessary, not incon-
sistent with the laws of this State.

Sec. 4. This corporation may hold its meetings
at such time and place as the corporation may appoint.

Sec. 5. This act shall take effect from its passage.

JOSIAH GROUT,

Speaker of the House of Representatives .

I^EVI K. FULLER,

Preside?it of the Senate.
Approved November 23, 1886.

EBENEZER J. ORMSBEE,

Governor.
(A true copy.)

Attest : E. W. J. Hawkins, Engrossing Clerk.

I04
RULES FOR ADVANCED REGISTRY.

PREAMBLE.

For the purpose of encouraging a better system of
keeping milk and butter records, and that we maj^
obtain more and reliable records of the dairy yield of •
Ayrshire cows, we hereby adopt the following rules and
regulations for the establishment of a system of
Advanced Registry for Ayrshire cattle.

RUEE I-

The Secretary of the Association shall have charge
of this registry under the general supervision and direc-
tion of the Executive Committee, shall prepare and
publish blank forms and circulars needed in carr3nng
this system into effect, receive and attend to all appli-
cations for this Registr}^, and have general oversight
and direction of all official tests of milk and butter pro-
duction for it, and perform such other duties as may be
required to secure the efficiency and success of this sys-
tem. He shall make a full report of his work in this
branch at the annual meeting each year, ?,nd publish
the entries when so ordered b}^ the Executive Commit-
tee.

RUEE II.
CI.ASSIFICATION OF TESTS.

Cows may "oe entered for record from a seven day
test of milk and butter, also from a year's test for milk
and butter, and the seven day test ma}^ be included in
the 5^ear's test.

RUEE III.

CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS.

Cows from two to three years old shall be in a class
known as the two-3^ear-old form.

I05

Cows from three to four years old stall be in a class
known as the three-year-old form.

Cows from four to five years old shall be in a class
known as the four-j^ear-old form.

Cows above five years old shall be in a class known
as the full age form .

RULE IV,

EIvIGIBII^lTY OF Bl7l.IvS.

No bull shall be eligible to Advanced Registry un-
less he shall have been previously recorded in the
Aj^rshire Record,

a. A bull to be eligibk to Advanced Registry shall
be a typical Ayrshire bull in general appearance, shall
scale 80 points, and have two daughters in the Registr^^

b. A bull may be admitted to Advanced Registry
wnthout physical qualifications, and without scaling, pro-
vided he has four daughters in the Advanced Registry.

RULE V.

ELIGIBILITY OF COWS.
No cow shall be admitted to Advanced Registry
unless she shall have been previously recorded in the
Ayrshire Record.

TWO-YEAR-OLD FORM.

a. Seven day record. If her record begins the day
she is two years old, or before that time, she shall, to
entitle her to record, give not less than 200 pounds of
milk and eight pounds of butter in seven consecutive
days, and for each day she is over two years old at
time of beginning of test, there shall be added 7.143
pounds to the 200 pounds of milk, and .2875 pounds to
the eight pounds of butter.

b. Year's record. If her record begins the day
she is two years old, or before that time, she shall) to

io6

entitle her to record, give not le&s than 5500 pounds of
milk in 355 consecutive days from the beginning of the
test and 225 pounds of butter, and for each day she is
over two years old at time of beginning the test, there
shall be added 2.74 pounds of milk to the 5500 pounds
and .1370 pounds of butter to the 225 pounds.

THREK-YEAR-OI.D FORM.

a. Seven day record. Two hundred and fifty
pounds of milk and ten pounds of butter with the same
addition made to these amounts for each day she is
over three years old when the test begins that is made
to the tw^o-year-old form which addition shall be made
for each form to maturity.

h. Year's record. Six thousand five hundred
pounds of milk and 275 pounds of butter for the 365
consecutive days from the beginning of the test with
the same additions for milk and butter as are required
in the two-year-old form for each day she is over three
years old at time of beginning test, which addition shall
be made in each succeeding form to maturity.

FOUR-YEAR-OLB FORM.

a. Seven day record. Three hundred and fifty
pounds of milk and twelve pounds of butter.

b. Year's record. Seven thousand five hundred
pounds of milk and 325 pounds of butter.

MATURK FORM.

a. Seven day record. Three hundred and fifty
pounds of milk and fourteen pounds of butter.

b. Year's record. Eight thousand five hundred
pounds of milk and 375 pounds of butter.

RULE VI.

FKRIOD FOR MAKING TESTS.

All tests for a year shall be commenced as soon after

calving as practicable, and shall not extend beyond 365
da\^s from the commencement of the test, and in no case
shall the test include the milk or butter from a second
calving.

The seven day test may be made at any time, and
should be made when the cow is at her best stage of the
milking period.

If a cow is being tested for a year, the result may
also include a seven days' test made within that time,

RULE VII.

APPI^ICATION FOR TESTS,

Application for intended tests should be made to
the Secretary as long before the desired time for begin-
ning such test as possible in order to allow sufficient
time to arrange with the Experiment Station of the
State where the owner is located for their supervision
of the test.

In making application for a test, the owner should
give sufficient evidence of the capability of the cow to
qualif}'' to warrant making the test,

RULE VIII,

METHOD OE CONDUCTING.

All tests shall be under the supervision o! the Sec-
retary and the Experiment Station of the State where
the test is being made, or such persons as may be
appointed by concurrence of Secretary and Station^

For the seven day test the agent vshall vSee the cow
milked clean twelve hours before the test begins, and
shall be present at each subsequent milking, shall weigh
each milking, and take a sample for a Babcock test, and
shall take entire charge of such sample until tested, and
shall report the result of such test to the Secretary on
blanks furnished for that purpose.

icS

For the yearns test the owner shall weigh each milk-
ing and keep a careful record of the same on blank
forms furnished by the Secretary, and about the middle
of each month he shall take a two consecutive days^
sample, according to directions, and send to his Experi-
ment Station ; and, in addition to this, the Experiment
Station will send an agent to the stable at such times as
the Director of the Station and the Secretar}^ of the
Association mutually desire, and not less than three
times during the year, and said agent shall take a copy
of the owner's milk record of the cow or cows being
tested for the two days immediately preceding his visit,
and shall weigh the milk for the two daj^s of his visit,
and take samples of each milking for a Babcock test,
w^hich tests, taken in connection with the tests from the
monthly samples made by the owner, shall be the basis
of computing the year's record of the cow.

RULE IX.

EXPENSE OF MAKING TEST.

All the expense of the seven da}^ test shall be borne
by the owner of the cow being tested.

In the year's test the expense of sending the sam-
ples taken monthly b}^ owner of cow shall be borne by
the owner of the cow, but the expense of Station v/ork
in testing samples and in sending an agent to verify
tests shall be borne by the Association.

RUEE X.

NO FEE REQUIRED FOR ENTRIES.

In view of the public benefits accruing from inves-
tigations under this system of registry, and of the per-
sonal benefits to owners and breeders of A\rshire cattle
from demonstrations of their superiority b}^ properly
authenticated milk and butter records made, gathered

I09

and preserved through, this system, no fees will be
charged for any form of entry in its Register.

RUI^E XI.

AMENDMENT.

These rules may be altered, amended or added to
by a two-thirds vote of the members present at any
regular meeting of this Association, notice of proposed
amendment having been given in the call for said
meeting.

AYRSHIRE BREEDERS' ASSOCIATION.
Home Dairy Test for 1904=5.

The Ayrshire Breeders' Association offers the fol-
lowing premiums for cows or herds of Ayrshires in
making the best records for butter for one year under
the conditions hereinafter named : —

For individual cows, $30,00, $20.00, $10.00.

For herds of five cows each, $75.00, $50.00, $25.00.

CONDITIONS OF TEST.

1. iVU animals competing must be registered in the
Ayrshire Record, and stand on the books of the Asso-
ciation as owned by the person competing.

2. The year's test will com^mence April i, 1905, and
notice of proposed entry to tests must be sent to the
Secretary of the Association not later than March 15,
so as to allow time for arrangements for test to begin
April 1.

3. Each contestant shall name from five to twent}^
cows and heifers to be tested through the year, and,
when naming, shall give the age of each cow and date
of last freshening, and at the end of the year he may
select any three of these for the individual cow prizes.

I TO

and any five for the herd prizes, but shall not select the
same cow for both individual and herd prizes, nor shall
he be allowed to duplicate entries.

4. At the end of each month every contestant shall
report to the Secretary of the Association upon blanks
furnished them for such purpose by said office : —

a. A complete record of weights of each milking
wdth the correct footing of each for the mouth.

b. The calving and service record for that month.

c. An approximate statement of the amount and
kind of food given the animals, and as to the manner of
stabling and care of same. A full statement for the
first month, and after that enter on the blank for that
month any changes in food or care as they occur from
month to month during the jcar.

5. About the middle of each month the contestant
shall take a composite sample of all the consecutive
milkings for two consecutive days of each cow in the
test, and send to the Experiment Station in the State
in w^hich the animal is located, or to such place as ma}^
be directed or approved by the Committee in charge of
the testing, the result of such tests to be reported by
the tester to the Secretar}^ of the Association.

6. These tests shall be under the supervision of the
Committee appointed by the Ayrshire Breeders' Asso-
ciation, but any member of the Committee owning
animals competing in said tests shall be barred from
having supervision of his own test or tests. All cows
shall be wdioUy under the control of the owner, so far as
feeding and general treatment are concerned.

7. iVU the expenses connected wdth the tests shall
be paid by the contestants, except those incurred by
carrying out the provisions contained in Rule 8.' About
all the expenses incurred by contestants w^U be the

Ill

express charges on samples of milk sent monthly by
him to his Experiment Station, and a set of pint jars in
which to send samples. Lightning pint jars are recom-
mended.

8. At such times as the Committee supervising
said test cr tests shall see fit, but at least twice during
the year, they shall send anyone whom they may depu-
tize to visit the herds from which animals are entered
to weigh and- test the milk from cows competing, the
agent sent being approved by the Experiment Station
doing the testing for that herd.

9. The result of each year's test shall be computed
in the following manner: The weights of milk pro-
duced each month shall be multiplied by the per cent,
of butter fat as shown by the official test for that month,
and the amount of butter computed by the Experiment
Station method of the addition of one-sixth, and the
sum of the results thus obtained, shall be the year's
record. The milk will also be tested for per cent, of
total solids, but this, however, will not be considered in
making tbe awards, which will be on amount of butter
only.

The statistics obtained from the above test will be
of inestimable value to all breeders of Ayrshires, be-
cause, covering a long period of lime and being official,
they will show to the public the value of the Ayrshire
cow for a year, in quantity of milk and butter and per
cent, of fat and total solids, and an approximateh^ cor-
rect idea of the food and care which has been given to
obtain such results. The statistics are also used for
admission to Advanced Registry.

It is earnestly hoped that this opportunity for an
official test of Ayrshire cows wnll be very generally
responded to by the owners of Ayrshire cows that we

Ii:2

may obtain some valuable statistics to publish in favor

of the Aj^rshire cow.

C. M. WINSLOW,
THOMAS TURNBULL, JR.,
ETNA J. FIvETCHER,
Committee on Home Dairy Tests.

CONSTITUTION.

PREAMBLE.

We, the undersigned breeders of Aynshire cattle,
recognizing the importance of a trustworthy Herd book
that shall be accepted as a final authority in all ques-
tions of pedigree, and desiring to secure the co-opera-
tion of all who feel an interest in preserving the purity
of this stock, do hereby agree to form an Association
for the publication of a Herd book, and for such other
purposes as may be conducive to the interest of breed-
ers, and adopt the following Constitution: —

ARTICAI. I.

This Association shall be called the Association of
Ayrshire Breeders.

ARTICI.K II.

The members of the Association shall comprise
only the original signers of this Constitution, and such
other persons as may be admitted, as hereinafter pro-
vided.

ARTlCtB III.

The officers of the Association shall consist of a
President, four Vice-Presidents, a Treasurer, a Secre-
tary, who together with sex members of the Associa-
tion, all chosen by ballot, shall constitute an Executive
Committee.

113

The President, Vice-Presidents, Treasurer and
Secretar^r shall be elected annllall3^

The six members who make up the balance of the
Kxecutive Committee shall be elected as follows: Tw^o
members for one year, two members for two 3^ears and
two members for three 3-ears, and hereafter two mem-
bers shall be elected each 3 ear for a term of three 3^ears,

The Treasurer shall present, at the annual meeting
of the Association a full statement of his accounts,
audited by two^ members of the Association appointed
by the Executive Committee,

The Kxecutive Committee shall, under the general
direction of the Association, prescribe the manner in
which the business of the Association shall be con-
ducted ; shall have general control ot all matters per-
taining to its interests ; shall have authority to appoint
an Kditor of the Herd book, and may fill any vacancies
occurring among the officers. The office of Secretar3^
Treasurer and Editor ma3" be filled by the same person.

The Treasurer, Secretary and Editor shall receive
compensation for their services, to be fixed by the Asso-
ciation. Tne Treasurer shall give such bonds as maj*
be required b\' the Executive Committee.

ARTICLE IV.
The annual meeting of the Association shall be
held each 3^ear at such time and place as shall be
designated by the Executive Committee (of w^hich
notice shall be sent to members at least one month
previous) for the discussion of questions of interest to
the members, and for the election of officers for the
ensuing 3^ear. Special meetings of the Association may
be called by the President or by the Executive Com-
mittee, or at the written request of ten members.
Twent3'' da3^s' notice m.ust be given and the object of

114

fli'e meeting announced in the call, and no business
other than that specified in the call shall be transacted
at the special meeting. Time and place shall be deter-
mined in same way as annual meeting.

At all meetings of the Association members may
vote in person or by proxy, or they ma}' send their
ballot by mail to the Secretary, whose duty it shall be
to vote the same, and to acknowledge their receipt. At
least twenty members present, represented b}' proxy or
written ballot, shall be a quorum for transacting busi-
ness.

ARTICLE Y.

Only breeders- of Ayrshire cattle shall be eligible
for membership, and members shall be elected at any
regular meeting of the Association ; also by the unani-
mous written consent of the Executive Committee at
any time between the annual meetings, subject to the
following conditions : —

Each applicant for membership shall be recom-
mended by one or more members of the Association as
a trustworthy and careful breeder ; and no new member
shall be admitted if objected to b}^ any officer of the
Association.

The Secretar}^ shall notif}^ the candidate of his
rejection, or, in case of his election, that he will be
admitted as a member on signing the Constitution and
pa3ang the initiation fee.

An applicant who has been rejected shall not be
voted on again until two years from the date of his
rejection, unless b}' the unanimous consent of the offi-
cers of the Association.

ARTICLE VI.

Each member shall pay an initiation fee of twenty-
five dollars. These fees shall constitute an Association

115

fund to defra}' the expenses of publishing the Herd
book, and other charges incidental to the organization
of the Association and to the transaction of its business.
No officer or member shall be authorized to con-
tract any debt in the name of the Association,

ARTlCIvE VII.

The Herd book shall be edited by an Editor
appointed for that purpose under the control and super-
vision of the Executive Committee, and shall be pub-
lished only with its official approval.

The charge for entry of the pedigree of each animal
belonorins: to a member of the Association shall be fixed
by the Executive Committee, but shall not exceed one
dollar, except for an animal two years old.

Animals not belonging to members of the Associa-
tion may be entered in the Herd book upon the pay-
ment of twice the amount charged to members.

The Herd book charges shall be appropriated, to
the examination and verification of pedigrees and the
preparation of the Herd book, which shall be published
by the Association and be its property. The price of
the Herd book shall be determined by the Executive
Committee. The Editor shall keep on file all docu-
ments constituting his authority for pedigrees, and shall
hold them subject to the inspection of any member of
the Association, and shall deliver them to his successor
in office.

ARTICLE VIII.
Should it occur at any time that any member of the
Association shall be charged with wilful misrepresenta-
tion in regard to any animal, or with any other act
derogatory to the standing of the Association, the
Executive Committee shall examine into the matter ;
and, if it shall find there is foundation for such a charge,

Tl6

the offending member ma}^ be expelled by a vote of
two-thirds of the members of the Association present
or represented at any regular meeting.

ARTICLE IX.

This Constitution may be altered or amended b}^ a
vote of two-thirds of the members present or represented
by proxy at am^ annual meeling of the Association.

Notice of proposed alterations or amendments shall
be given in the call for said meeting.

REGULATIONS.

1. Only such animals shall be admitted to the
Herd book as are proved to be either imported from
Scotland, or descended from such imported animals.

2. All animals hereafter imported to be eligible to
registry in the Ayrshire Record must previousl}' be
recorded in the Ayrshire Herd Book of Scotland, and
an application for registrj^ must be accompanied by a
certificate of registry duh^ signed by the Secretar}^ in
Scotland.

Entries of calves imported in dam must be accom-
panied by the certificate of registry of sire and dam in
the Scotch Herd Book, also certificate of bull service
signed b}^ owner of bull.

3. No animal not already named and entered in
some Herd book at this date shall be iiccepted for entry
under a name that has already been offered for entry ;
also, the affix ist. 2d and 3d shall apply only to calves
of the cow bearing the name used ; not to her grand-
children nor an}^ other animal.

4. The breeder of an animal shall be considered the
one owning the dam at the time of her service b}^ the
bull.

5. No Pedigree Vvnll be received for entry from

117

anyone except the breeder of the animal offered, unless
it is accompanied by a certificate of the breeder or his
legal representative, indorsing the Pedigree.

Entries of calves, sired by bulls not owned by the
breeder of the calf, shall be accompanied by a certificate
of bull service signed by owner of bull.

6. All animals sold, in order that their progeny
niav be registered, must have their successive transfers
duly recorded. Records of transfers will be made only
on the certificate of former owner, or his legal represen-
tative.

7. A transfer-book shall be kept by the Editor, in
which all changes ol ownership shall be recorded.

8. The Editor shall keep a record of the deaths of
all animals which may be sent to him. (And breeders
are requested to forward the same, stating cause, etc.

9. The fees for recording are one dollar for each
animal recorded by and in the name of a member of the
Association, being either bred or owned by him, and
two dollars for animals over two years old at the time
of entry.

On imported animals the two year limit is reckoned
from date of importation, and the same on anim.als
brought from Canada.

A fee of twenty-five cents will be charged for record-
ing ancevStors necessary to complete a Pedigiee to im-
portation or to cattle already in the Ayrshire Record,
when the record is for cattle bred and owned b}" other
parties, ar^d is of no other value to the person having
the recording done, other than to admit his animal to
record.

Transfer fee twenty-five cents.

Double the above rates are charged to those not
members.

ii8

Duplicate certificates of entry or transfer twent}'-
five cents each.

A fee of fifty cents will be charged for a Custom
House certificate on each animal imported from Canada.

All the above fees should accompany the entry or
transfer papers to insure attention.

10. An individual membership shall be continued
after the death of a member in the settlement of his
estate until the same shall be settled and then the mem-
bership shall cease. The inheritor of a herd of A5^rshires
shall also inherit the membership of the Ayrshire Breed-
ers' x\ssociation — subject to approval of said Association.
In case of corporations, the corporation may continue as
a member so long as they are interested in the Associa-
tion, and shall be represented by such person as may be
designated b}' the President and Secretary of the cor-
poration.

The surviving member of a firm ma\^ be the mem-
ber of the Association.

A firm shall have but one address. •

11. These Regulations ma}^ be altered, amended
or added to, with the consent cf two-thirds of the
officers of the Association and Executive Committee.

GENERAL INFORMATION.

Each volume of the Ayrshire Record, I to XV in-
clusive, may be obtained of the Treasurer, N. S.
Winsor, Greenville, R. I , postage paid, $2.25.

Milk record blanks to accommodate herds of cov^s
may be had of the Secretar}^, C. M. Winslor/, Brandon,
Vt., $1.50 per 100.

Blanks for extending Pedigrees to five generations
may be had of the Secretary at $1.00 per 100, postage
paid.

Private Herd Record books, board cover, may be

119

had of the Secretary at $1-50 each, postage paid, ar-
ranged for tabulated pedigree for sevent3^-five (75) cows
with spaces for monthly milk and butter record for
eight years, service and produce record for twelve 3'ears.

All blanks necessary for recording and transferring
Ayrshires ma}^ be had of the Secretary free of charge.

Membership fee $25.00, which is for life, not trans-
ferable and no assessments.

The survivor of a partnership may become the
member.

The inheritor of a herd may also inherit the mem-
bership.

The partnership of a herd can appl}^ to only one
herd and cannot be divided for two herds or in two post
ofhce addresses.

Members fees for lecording, $1.00 for each animal
under two years old, $2.00 for each animal over tw^o
years old.

The date of the two year limit in age is reckoned
from the date the application for record is mailed.

The two 3^ear limit on animals imported or
brought from Canada is reckoned from date of Custom
House receipt.

Transfer fee 25 cents.

A fee of 2) cents each is charged for recording
ancestors necessary to complete a pedigree to importa-
tion, or to cattle alread}^ recorded in the Ayrshire
Record when the record for cattle bred and owned by
other parties and is of no other value to the person re-
cording.

Double the above rates to non-members.

The rate charged is governed by the fact of whether
the person sending the application is a member or non-
member and not bv who bred the animal.

120

Duplicate certificates of entry or transfer 25 cents
each.

A charge of $1.00 each is made for investigating a
Canadian pedigree to learn its eligibilit}' to record,
which will be applied towards the recording if the
animal is to be recorded.

A fee of 50 cents each is charged for a Custom
House certificate for animals imported from Canada.

By mutual agreement the " Canadian Ayrshire Herd
Book Association," and "Ayrshire Breeders' Associa-
tion," entries from the Canadian Herd Book of animals
that are sold to parties in the United States and are
found to be eligible to entry in the Ayrshire Record,
will be received from the Canadians at the following
rates for entr}. regardless of any age limit. One
dollar for the animal presented for record, and $r.oo
each for the ancestors to the number of ten, and 25
cents for each ancestor back of ten in number necessary
to connect to animals alread\^ registered in the i^. yrshire
Record or to importation from Scotland.

No animal will be received for record that does not
trace in each branch of its pedigree step by step by
name and number to a reliable importation.

All the above fees should accompan}^ the applica-
tions to insure attention.

In giving sire and dam be careful to ahvays give
the Herd Book number of sire and dam.

When purchasing an animal be sure to get a trans-
fer or see that the seller sends one to the Secretary for
record.

When buying a female in calf be sure to get a certi-
ficate of bull service from the owner of the cow and
attach it to the application for entry of her calf when
sending in for record.

121

In filling out an application for entry of an animal
that is sold there is no need of a separate transfer, but
enter it in the line for owner with date of sale, and there
is no extra charge for a transfer when so recorded.

In giving the markings on the back of the applica-
tion blank be careful to mark with ink and as accurately
as possible,, marking r for the red spots and w for the
white spots.

When buying Ayrshires in Canada our government
admits free of duty if thej^ are registered in our book
before being entered at the Custom House, and it is
much safer not to move them from the owner until they
are recorded, because sometimes it happens that the
pedigree must be' looked up at the Canada office and
there is often considerable delay. Then, loo, there are
some animals recorded in the Canadian Books that are
not eligible to record in ours, and if they are recorded
in our book before closing the trade it saves loss to
buyer.

Sometimes buyers go into Canada and are persuaded
to buy and pay the duty to save time, but this is risky
as afterwards it is sometimes found that such animals
connot be recorded in our book.

The Canadians sometimes try to convince the buyer
that it is just as well to simply continue the Canada
Register and record there instead of in our book, which
is not true, as a record in the Canada book is only
valuable in Canada. All Ayrshires to be salable this
side the line must be recorded in our book or be eligible
to such record.

It would be wise for an3^one having an Ayrshire
cow of extraordinary dairy ability to have her tested for
Advanced Registry.

122

OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION.

PRKSIDKNT,

THOMAS' TURNBNIvL, Jr., Casanova, Va.

VICK-PRBSIDBNTS.

OBADIAH BROWN, ETNA J. FLETCHER,

Providence, R. I. Greenfield, N. H.

CHARLES C. DOE, S. M. WELLS,

So. Newbury, Vt. Newington, Conn,

SKCRKTARY AND EDITOR.

CHARLES M. WINSLOW, Brandon, Vt.

TREASURER.

NICHOLAS S. WINSOR, Greenville, R. I.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

J. E. CONVERSE, J. ANDREW CASTERLINE,
Woodsville, N. Y. Dover, N. J.

S. M. WELLS, ' ANDY HOLT,

Wethersfield, Conn. So, Lyndeboro, N. H.

C. H. HAYES, E. B. SHERMAN,

Portsmouth, N. H. Harrisville, R. I.

123

MEMBERS OF THE ASSOCIATION.

CALIFORNIA.

Bement, George .'. , Melrose

COLORADO.

Osgood, J C Redstone

CONNECTICUT.

Baton, John A & Son Wauregan

Connecticut Insane Asjdum Middletown

Dorrance, Henry Plainfield

Ennis, Alfred A Danielson

Gold, T S West Cornwall

Greene, BD Stamford

Larned, J H Putnam

Palmer, Edwin G Plainfield

Roode, Joseph Jewett City

Sears, N E Elmwood

Weed, John W ■ Noroton

W^ells, Dudley Wethersfield

Wells, S M & Son Newington

DELAWARE .

Sellers, William Edgemoor

KANSAS.

Adams, A A Berryton

Delap, S N Tola

Stowits, John Abilene

ILLINOIS.

Blodgett, H W Waukegan

Jones, D & G Galesburgh

Stewart, John Elburn

IOWA.

Coldren, J N.. Iowa City

124
MAINE.

Buckle}^ J P Strondwater

Dearborne, A J West Falmount

Hunt, A W .-... .......... Brunswick

Milliken, Chas R Portland

Pember, Blmer F Bangor

mAryi^And.

Harrison, Chas K Pikesville

Scott, J McPherson Hagerstown

MASSACHUSETTS.

Bacon, PK Campello

Birnie, Chas A.. Ivongmeadow

Blodgett, J W - East Saugus

Boise, Enos W Blandford

Bowker, George H Woodville

Bradford, J H, Supt Monson

Burt, Jairus F ►. Easthampton

Calumet Woolen Co Uxbridge

Choate , Charles F'. . . : : Southboro

Clark, Franklin P Sudbury

Copeland, Davis & Son. Campello

Crissey , Warren Great Barrington

Curtis, E W.... Globe Village

Fletcher, George A Milton

Hamilton Woolen Co Southbridge

Harrington, H A Worcester

Heath, G P ........ Northboro

Knowlton , George W . • W est Upton

Lawrence, James .. Gfoton

Leach, Philo. Bridgewater

Merriam, Herbert. Weston

Moen, Philip W Worcester

Morrell, Harry E — Wayland

Peirce, F C Concord Junction

Perley, Charles Bradford

Pierce, George H Concord

Piper, Anson C South Acton

Reed, Hammon. ......... — . Lexington

125

Sage, ChasD ....:. North Brookfield

Smith, Peter D Andover

vStone, Geo F Littleton

Thorp, John C Holyoke

Tyler, Arthur F Athol

Walker, William I Great Barrington

Wolcott, C W Readville

Young, Gilman P Grafton

MINNESOTA.

Hill, James J St. Paul

Reeve, C McC — Minneapolis

Scott, John W Austin

MISSISSIPPI.

Surget, James Natchez

NEW, HAMPSHIRE.

Bell, Charles J Hollis

Breck , Stephen R ... Claremont

Cater, H F & Son North Barrington

Childs, Hallow N Piermont

Clark, George C Orford

Kdes, Samuel Newport

Fletcher, Etna J South Lyndeboro

Garvin, W R. Dover

Hayes, Charles H Portsmouth

Hayes, Charles S Portsmouth

Healey, C N Exeter

Holt, Andy South Lyndeboro

Hoh, E A.'. Hudson^

Kimball, Herbert M. Concord

Rockwood, C E & Son Temple

Russell, Frank E Greenfield

Saw5^er, E E Atkinson

Willoughby, Ai Woodsville

Yeaton, George H Dover

NEW JERSEY.

Beach, Frederick H.... Dover

Burke, Joseph F Morristown

126

Casterline, J Andrew Dover

Crane, John Union

Farley, F C Milburn

Howatt, D K New Brunswick

Lindsay, William Plainfield

Probasco, W V Cream Ridge

Sadler, Edward W Mont Clair

Whittingham, W R Milburn

NEW YORK.

Arden Farms Dairy Co., Wm. Viner, Supt., Arden

Ashley, E h • Glens Falls

Babcock, F M Gouverneur

Ballon, Geo Wm Middletown

Barney, C S Milford

Barnes, N Middle Hope

Bell, George H Rome

Brayton, C N South Wales

Brodie, Hugh Rural Hill

Brush & Rowley NorthporL

Burdick, Thomas J & Sons Alfred

Burnett, John W Salem

Button, E E Melrose

Buttrick, C A Liberty Fall

Campbell, John S New York Mills

Cass, George E McGraw

Clark, C W Guymard

Clark, N E Potsdam

Clarkson, T S Jr Potsdam

Colburn, Jay E Millord

Converse, J F. Woodville

Cookingham, H W Cherry Creek

Crozier, William. Northport

Doane, Franklin Middletown

Dorn, Elmer J Johnsontowm

Dunham, Lawrence 7 E.42d, New York

Emery, C G Clayton

Griffin, J H Moira

Hall, Lott Gouverneur

Ham, Eugene Verbank

Harrins^ton, A D Oxford

127

Hatch, C E Gainesville

Hawkes, K B Wells' Bridge

Hubbard, George D Camden

Huffstater, I^. Sandy Creek

Hyde, J B 120 Broadway, N Y

Jackson, B O & Son Boonville

Jay, William Katonah

Jenkins, J W Vernon

Jones, Ira W. Alfred

Karr, S S & Sons Almond

Kenyon, Louis H. Utopia

Lewis, C W & Sons Alfred Station

Magone, Daniel Ogdensburg

McCrea, Robert Champlain

Miller, James Penn Yan

Nichols, James H Carmel

Norton, W H Belmont

Oneida Community, Limited....... Kenway

Ormiston Bros Cuba

Paget, AH Lakeville

Pike, George K Gouverneur

Ramsdell, H S Newburg

Rhodes, T F Camillus

Rodger, GL Gouverneur

Ryder, Arthur B Barnerville

Schanck, W P Avon

Schouten, E A Cortland

Sears, B C. Blooming Grove

Seaver, Henry E • Canton

Siver, D E. Cooperstown

Smith, Oliver & Son.... Chateaugay

Stowell, L D Black Creek

Stowell, W G Black Creek

Taber, George East Aurora

Taylor, John L. Owego

Topping, R R Amsterdam

Tubbs, Ambie S Mexico

Tucker, W G Elm Valley

Tuttle, M A Hornellsville

Underhill, C S Glenham

Verplank, Samuel Fishkill-on-Hudson

128

Welch, M G & Son. .. Burke

\Vhitne3^ C P Orleans

Winter,' N H. Cortland

Wood, J Walter Jr Clayton

Zabriskie, Andrew C........ Barrytowu

Mercerean, M. W. & H. B Vestal

OHIO.

Beatty, J P Pataskala

Betts, Henry Pittsfield

Cook, Howard. Beloit

Crane, J H & Sons. Toledo

McConnell A B Wellington

Spencer, A B •• Goldwood

Vv^ilson, A J • Grafton

OREGON.

Honeyman, J D Portland

PENNSYLVANIA.

Aver, H S ••••• Columbus

Blakeslee, O P • Spartansburg

Boyer, R A • ••••• Catasauqua

Butterfield. Jerome F... South Montrose

Byrne, Christopher. Friendsville

Byrne, Patrick St. Joseph

Carrons, Robert M.. Washington

Cloud, James & Son Kennett Square

Cornell, A M Altus

Cornell, H S... • Sylvania

Farrell, W K Corry

Hopkins, Willis W • Aldenville

Logan, A. Sidney Philadelphia

McCray, C F & Son Corry

McFadden George H Bryn Mawr

Mnnce, R J ••• • Washington

Peck, C L Coudersport

Shimer, A. S •• Redington

Shimer, B Luther Bethlehem

Stewart, C E •• • '••. Hartstown

129

Templeton, Robt & Son Ulster

Turnbull, Thomas Jr 835 Western Ave.,

Allegheny and Casanova, Va,

Valentine, John R Bryn Mawr

RHODE ISI^AND

Angell, Edwin G Providence

Bowen, Edward S Pawtucket

Brown, Obadiah Providence

Davis, E D Newport

Hawes, Addison S Providence

Hopkins, William H Providence

Joslin, H S Mohegan

Russel, Henry G Providence

Sherman, Everett B Harrisville

Sherman, Eeander Harrisville

Smith, Daniel A Tarkiln

Vaughn, William P Providence

Winsor, S Nicholas Greenville ^

SOUTH CAROIvINA

Cray ton, B F & Son ,.... Anderson

Hinson, W G Charleston

TKXAS

Pope, Rev G Stanley Grand View

Turner, J C Longview

VIRGINIA

Venable, A R Jr Farmville

VERMONT

Abell, C A St. Albans

Ball, A P Derby Eine

Brainerd, E • St. Albans

Doe, Chas C South Newbury

Drew, E S South Burlington

Emerson, Chas W Charlotte

Fisher & May St. Albans Hill

Forest Park Farm, Dr. W E Adams, Supt., Brandon

ISO

Foss, J Barron.. St. Albans

Houghton, Wallas W.... Lyndonville

Nye, W C • East Barre

Parker, R. & Son Ferrisbiirg:

Proctor, Fletcher D - •• Proctor

Sanford, Chas - Orwell

Scott, W F Brandon

Scribner, GS - Castleton

Smith, E A Brandon

Spalding, L C & Son Potiltney

Stevens, Wm Stanford. St. Albans

Vermont Experiment Station Burlington

Vermont Industrial School Vergennes

Watson, HRC Brandon

Winslow, C M Brandon

WEST VIRGINIA

Reymann, L A. Wheeling

WISCONSIN

Hazen, Chester. ... . Brandon

Johnson, Joseph Hartland

Jones, Sam Juneau

Tschudy, P^red. Monroe

RESIDENCE UNKNOWN

Crane, Fred

Fairweather , William.

Haskins, J P.

Krebs, J DeWitt

Robinson, Isaac R

Smith, J B

Thurber, C S

Wood, EuciusH

CANADA

Allan, Andrew Montreal, Que

Cochran, MH Compton, Que

Clark, J G Ottawa, Ont

Davidson, George Fairfax, Que

Gibb, John L • Quebec, Que

Irving, Thomas Petite Cote, Que

SCOTLAND

Stewart, John Lome Island of Coll

AYRSHIRE CATTLE.

CM. WINSLOW.

The county of Ayr, in which the Ayrshire breed of
cattle originated, is situated in the south v/est of Scot-
land, backed by mountains on the east and washed by
the ocean on the west having the form of a crescent and
embracing the Firth of Clyde in its circle. The face of
the country is hilly and rises from the level of the sea
to some 2,000 feet to the top of the mountains on the
west.

The soil is strong and somewhat heavy, being a
clay and clay-loam but thinner on the tops of the hills
and mountains, the whole being originally covered with
a dense growth of timber.

The climate is moist, with a temperature ranging
from about 25^ to 65^^ with a mean of about 47^ regu-
lated by its proximity to the sea, and with frequent rains
which are favorable to growth of grass and giving
luxuriant pasturage, though sometimes it is swept by
fierce coast storms.

The origin of the Ayrshire breed of cattle is veiled
in some obscurity, but the earliest history speaks of the
native wild cattle of the country as being white with
red ears and black noses, high white horns with black
tips, with an animal now and then having more of the
brown, black or red, very wild and the bulls fierce, but
when calves are taken young, grow up to be quiet and
tame.

From the above it would seem a probable theory

132

that tfie original white cattle of Scotland were the
foundation of the Ayrshire.

This is the more reasonable when we consider that
white is the natural color of the Ayrshire and unless
care is constantly exercised in selection for coupling
they will revert to white or more white than red.

The first we hear of any effort being made to im-
prove the native stock of the country was abont 1700
and this was said to have been accomplished by selec-
tion and better care.

About 1750, we read from Alton that Earl of March-
mont purchased from the Bishop of Durham, and car-
ried to his seat in Berwickshire, several cows and a bull
of the Teeswater or other English breed of a brown and
white color.

He also v/rites that about 1770, bulls and cows of
the Teeswater or Shorthorn breed were said to have
been introduced by several proprietors, and it is from
them and their crosses with the native stock that the
present dairy breed has been formed.

In 181 1, in "Survey of Ayrshire," Alton writes
that the Ayrshire dairy breed is ' ' — in a great measure
the native indigenous breed of the county of A3'r,
improved in their size, shapes and qualities, chiefly by
judicious selection, cross coupling, feeding and treat-
ment for a long series of time and with much judgment ^
and attention.

From about the beginning of the last century we
find frequent mention of efforts for improvement in the
shape of the body and especiall}^ in the shape of the
udder.

Mention is made of a particular family of A5^rshires
called the Swinley variety, obtained by infusion of the
West Highland blood which produced cattle with a

133

broader head, more upright horns, thicker hair and
stronger constitutions. In 1853, the Ayrshire Agricul-
tural Association established a scale of points as a
guide to the breeder which differs in a few respects from
ours in allowing " — the horns incline upwards, and
curve slightly inwards" ; "Teats 2 to 2 1-2 inches
long" ; "Colors preferred are brown or brown and
white.

The Canadians claim that Ayrshires were very
early brought into Canada on ships coming from Scot-
land being used for the supply of milk on the passage
and sold at Quebec or Montreal on their arrival, and so
popular did these become that shipmasters were fre-
quently commissioned to bring ever one or more cows
from Ayrshire.

More recently the importation of Ayrshires into
Canada was constantlj^ being made for breeding pur-
poses b}^ the Scotch farmers, and of late there have
been a good many brought over by wealthy men of
Montreal and other cities more particular for competing
against each other in the show ring, and with great
rivalr}^

The importation into the United States began in
1837 by an importation to Massachusetts and continued
at intervals for about twenty or twenty-five years, with
importations into various of the Eastern states, but,
while they pleased their owners in easy keeping qual-
ities, hardy constitution, perfect shaped udders and
great milking capacity, they were very unsatisfactory
milkers on account of their short teats, and they failed
to obtain that strong foothold they had in Scotland and
Canada where the women did the milking and preferred
a short teat because they milked by stripping with the
thumb and fore-finger, while in the United Shates the

134

men did the milking and wanted a large, long teat they
could grasp.

B}^ rerson of the short teats the importation into
the United States gradually ceased and owners of
Ayrshire cattle began by breeding and selection to try
and lengthen the teats and at the same time retain their
wonderful dairy quality and hardiness, which has been
done and today the A3^rshires of the United States are
undoubtedly the best dairy A^rshires to'' be found in
any of the ttiree homes of the breed — Scotland, Canada
or the States — and have uniformly the longest teats.

The A3^rshires of the United States are probably
the purest bred Ayrshires to be found, for the importa-
tions were made direct from breeders in Scotland and
the first account we have of a register being published
for Ayrshire cattle was Volume I of the present series,
published in 1863, w^hich was revised in 1876 and now
numbers nineteen volumes.

The requirement for eligibility to record in the
Ayrshire Record is that each animal shall trace in an
unbroken line in every branch to a reliable importation
from Scotland and every effort possible is made to guard
against mistakes from carelessness in keeping stable
records.

The first Ayrshire Herd Book published in Scotland
bears date of 1878 and the editor states in the preface
that the first volume contains over 550 entries, but that
he has encountered great difficulty in tracing pedigrees
because names were rarely given to animals. Since
then, their Herd Books have been published regularly.

At first, the old Scotch breeders were reluctant to join
the Association and keep records of their cattle, sa5'ing
there was no need of it, but the popularity of Herd
Book cattle and increased demand for resristered stock

135
has influenced most of them to register their cattle.

The Toronto Ayrshire Herd Book was published
in 1884 and the Montreal in 1886. In both these the
requirements for eligibility were not very rigid and
animals were sometimes recorded that were grades, but
in 1899 the two registers w^ere consolidated and revised,
claiming to reject all that could not trace to importation
from Scotland, but they still record stock tracing to
indefinite cow^s and bulls — but in doubt as to which
individual.

While the Ayrshire scale of points in the main in
Scotland, Canada and the States would call for about
the same style of an Ayrshire, wdth the exception of a
longer teat and less straightness from head to tail in the
State's Ayrshires than in the other two, there is really
quite a noticeable difference in the appearance of the
different country Ayrshires as they are led into the ring
for exhibition at fairs. The Scotch as a rule are nearly
white in color, large upright horns, blocky build, a
little inclined to the beefy type, rather thick skin, good
shaped udder with short teats well spread, milk veins,
holes, etc., of medium size.

The Ayrshires from the States that are usually led
into the show ring are larger animals than the Scotch,
red, or red and wdiite, small slim horns, many of them
drooping or curling, soft mellow hide, large udders
somewhat pendulous, long teats well spread, large milk
veins, holes, etc., not always as straight in the neck
and back as the Scotch but looking more like a model
dairy cow.

The Canadian bred cattle seem to be between the
two extremes though so many have been imported into
Canada of late that their show rings more resemble the
Scotch.

136

The A3'rshire cow in general is a handsome
sprightl5^-looking cow of medium size, red and white —
the proportion of red to the white being very variable,
sometimes being nearly all red and sometimes nearly all
white.

White is easily obtained and unless care is exercised
the A3'rshire cow will in a few generations revert to
white, due no doubt to her having descended from the
white cattle of ancient Scotlp.nd. The Scotch breeders
seem to prefer white and the Canada breeders also choose
Ayrshires largely white, but too much white is an objec-
tionable color for ordinary care on the farm and is not
generally thought an accompaniment of a iiardy consti-
tution and good feeding qualities and it certainly re-
quires the greatest care in the stable to keep a white
cow in presentable shape.

The color that seems to please the majority is dark
red and pure white, about one-third white in splashes.

Brown is sometimes found, and light red appears
occasionally.

Yellow color and roan suggest a cross of the Guern-
se}^ and Shorthorn and are objectionable on this account.

While variations in color of any breed are largely a
matter of taste, still each treed has a distinctive color
peculiar to itself, and any variation from that color
which is a suggestion of a cross from some other breed
should not be encouraged, and it is certainly not pleas-
ant for a breeder to be obliged to explain that although
his cattle resemble some other breed they are really pure
bred Ayrshires.

She has a small bony head, large full eyes, dish
face, broad muzzle, large mouth, slim, upright horns,
The tN^pical horn of an Ayrshire is wide spread and
inclining upward, the size being a matter of local taste,

137
either fine or coarse. The Scotch and Canadians seem-
ing to prefer a larger horn than the breeders of the
States, long slim neck, clean cut at throat, thin sloping
shoulders with the spine rising a little above the
shoulder blades back level to setting on of tail except a
rise at the pelvic arch, broad across the loin, barrel deep
and large with ribs well sprung to give abundant room
for coarse fodder, and wide through the region of the
heart and lungs. Hips wide apart, rump long, hind
legs straight, thighs thin and incurving, giving room
for udder, legs short, bones firm and joints firm, udder
large when full and nearly level with bellj^ wide, long
and strongly hung teats, 2 1-2 to 3 1-2 inches long, of
good size, placed wide apart on the four corners of the
udder, with udder level between them and not cut up,
milk veins large and tortuous, entering the belly well
forward tow^ard the forelegs. Skin soft and mellow,
covered with a thick growth of fine hair.

While an Ayrshire cow should be shapely and
handsome to look at as she stands or walks, she
should, when handled, reveal much looseness of verte-
bra, flatness of rib and width between the ribs, indicat-
ing large dairy capacit}^

The standard Ayrshire cow is of medium size^ weigh-
ing about 1000 pounds when fresh in milk, a tough,
hardy cow with vigorous appetite and not too particular
what she eats. She is always hungry, eats greedily and
chews her cud rapidly, it is rarely 3^ou can see an
Ayrshire cow when not either taking in food or chewing
what she has already gathered. While at pasture she
does not wander around looking for sweet patches of
grass, but goes to work rapidly gathering what is most
convenient either of grass or browse, and when full lies
down to chew her cud with no time wasted, and when

I3S

going to and from the pasture will chew her cud as she
walks, and I have often seen her keep on chewing when
started into a run.

The general appearance of an Ayrshire as 3^ou look
at her is striking, being alert and full of life and re-
served energy, and in breeding care should be taken to
encourage a quiet disposition.

The i^yrshire seems to be to the cattle what the
Morgan is to the horse, and at once impresses the
beholder with the idea of a large amount of reserved
force.

She is a verj^ healthy cow, rarely having ailments of
body or udder, and you seldom see an Ayrshire cow but
that has four healthy quarters and gives milk out of
them of uniform quantity.

She is a very persistent xnilker, giving a uniform
quantity well up towards calving, and many of them
will not dry off unless extra care is taken to make
them. She is very intelligent, quick to learn, and of a
retentive memory. Easily taught to take the same
place in the stable, and if her place is changed will in a
few days take her new place of her own accord.

She is qiiiet and pleasant to milk, not easily dis-
turbed, and yields her milk as readily to one milker* as
to another, and does not seem disturbed by any amount
of noise in the stable.

As a dairy cow she is particularly adapted to the
production of milk for the milkman and table use, as
her medium size, vigorous appetite and easy keeping
qualities make her an economical producer, while her
even, uniform production makes her a reliable suppl}^
and the richness of her milk in total solids places her
milk above suspicion from city milk inspectors.

Her milk will bear unusual transportation and

139

handling without souring, and when poured back and
iorth a few times from one can to another wall remix the
cream and milk, which will not again readily separate,
giving it a uniformity in quality until the last is sold or
used. It has a good body and is rich looking, never
looking blue.

The milk itself being evenly balanced with casein
and butter fat is a complete food, easily digested,
nutritious, and is particularly adapted to children and
invalids. Stomachs that are weak and unable to digest
other milk find no trouble with Ayrshire cows milk.

The Ayrshire being so superior for the milkman
has usually found her way to the supply stable, and has
not been used to any great extent as a butter cow, but
she is above the average as a butter producer, and
especially when the extra milk she gives is taken into
account.

Her cream rises slowly and needs to be extracted
with a separator, but it skims as closely and churns as
easily as any other, and cow for cow, taking all her
other qualities into consideration, she will compare
favorably with any of the so-called butter breeds in the
amount of dollars she will return to her owner when
kept as a butter cow.

The Association has of late been testing her butter
qualities, the results of which will be given further
along.

I^he Ayrshire cow has always been noted as a
cheese cow, both for the superiority of the quality of
her cheese and for its large quantity.

While she has never laid any claims to being a
beef cow, the butchers are always glad to get hold of an
Ayrshire, because they cut up well and are neavy in
the best paying parts. Heavy hind quarters, small

140

bones, thick loins, meat nicely flecked with tallow, and
of good color.

Mr. F. S. Fulmer, of Gibbon, Nebraska, in a paper
on "The Ayrshire Cow," read before the Nebraska
Dairymans' Association, said :

"The fattening quality of Ayrshire grades is re-
ported by Mr. J. A. Paterson of this State. He says:
• I am wintering on my farm seventy steers coming two
years old. Among them are high grade Shorthorns.
They will average 950 pounds, but are thin in flesh.
High grade Ayrshires that will average fully 900 and
are fat enough for good beef. Polled Angus or Gallo-
ivays, aoout the size of the Ayrshire steers, are fat.
Also a few Jersey steers that will average about 600
pounds and are poor. They are all fed together at stacks
and about ten pounds of corn per day each.' Mr. P.
adds: ' This feeding, I think, is a fair test, and proves
beyond a doubt that for common purpose cattle that will
receive the care of the average western farmer the Ayr-
shire or Polled Angus are b}^ far the best.' "

An A3"rshire will alwa^^s weigh more than its looks
would indicate.

As a top cross on other breeds the Ayrshire seems
to be a success in producing a more desirable dair}^ cow.
With the Shorthorn they nick nicely, producing a fairly
good dairy cow, in size between the two, and a hand-
some, attractive cow that sells well in the markets.

With the Jersey they seem to make up w^hat is
lacking in the Jersey, and give a good all-around dairy
cow, larger and hardier than the pure bred Jersey, giv-
ing more milk and of nearly as rich quality, and are said
to be more profitable in the dair}^ than the pure bred
Jerse5^ Ayrshire bulls have for several years been
eagerly sought for to cross on unregistered or high
grade Jerseys in the common dairy.

141

It is a noticeable fact that where Ayrshire bulls
have been continuously used on common cows and the
heifers raised for the dairy, the average receipts in dollars
from such a herd have been considerable in excess of
common dairies, so much so that in dairy sections where
the milk or cream goes to the butter factory, there is
an active demand for pure bred Ayrshire bulls to cross
on native herds of cows. ;

Official Yields of Butter

for one month of 50 pounds or over from Home Dairy
Test :

Name. No. Lbs. Butter

Kallev 12660 50

AuntAbbie 13220 50

Rose Clenna 11153 50

lola Lome 12773 50

Ponemah 13983 51

Piintsteps 8th 12643 51

Xoa 11469 51

Rose Clenna 11153 51

Annie Bert 9670 51

Gebec 13981 52

Durwood 12680 52

Miss Ollie 12039 52

I-'rintsteps 8th 12643 52

Evrle 12602 52

Hiona 12351 52

Helle's Cherr3' 15263 52

Ponemah 13983 53

Miss Olga 13984 ^ 53

Pearl Clvde 13991 53

lola Lome 12773 53

Ruby Douglass 16672 53

Rayn 12358 ^ 53

Acelista 12094 53

Rose Clenna 11153 53

Acelista 12094 54

Countess ot Montvvood 11435 54

Acelista 12094 54

Miss Ollie 12039 54

Hinda Douglas 14703 55

Roanette 11476 55

Cad's Beauty 13606 55

142

p. c.

Lbs. P. C. Total

Name. No. Milk. Fat. Solids Butter

MissOllie 3rd 14887 55

Lady Romona 14085 56

Kallev 12660 56

Roma 14197 ; 56

Durline 13473 56

Ladv Sears 12641 56

Prin'tsteps 8th 12643 57

MissOllie 12(i39i 57

Miss OUa 13984 57

lola Lome 12773 57

Maurine 13422 58

Himona 13032 58

Poneraah 13983 58

Inez Douojlas 14554 i:>8

lola Lome 12773 58

Inez Douglas 14554 59

Simplicity 12560 59

Canary 13470 59

CoilinWood 11404 60

HimoTia 13032 60

MissOllie 12039 60

Little Douglas 12766 60

MissOllie 12039 60

Cad's Beautv 13606 61

Evrie '. 12602 61

Yucca.: 11470 61

Countess of Montwood 11435 62

Miss Olga 13984 62

Durline". 13473 62

MissOllie 3d 14R87 63

Ida Lome 12773 63

Miss Fleda Douglas 12770 64

Durwood 12680 64

RoseClenn^ 11153 72

Banjo Music 13527 72

MissOllie 12039 77

MissOllie., 12039 90

Cad's Beauty 13606 97

OFFICIAIv TESTS

of COWS in Experiment Stations and the Home Dairy
Test that have given 6ooo pounds of milk and 300
pounds of butter or over in a year :

143

ASSOCIATION TESTS
>

made before the Home Daily Test was started.

Name. No. Lbs. milk 1 year

Ruth .'.. 4816 10219;^

Queen Marv 6578 11154

ivlyra 2955 11908

Alice Douiilas .'... 4398 12617

EXPERIMENT STATION TESTS.

Name. No.

Rena Myrtle 9530

ivolita 9465

Acme 5th 10342

Atalanta 10777

Nancy H 9581

Netc 10169

Acme 5th I(i342

Atalanta 10777

Nancy B 9581

Nett 10169

Acme 5th 10342

Atalanta 10777

Nancv B 9581

Rena" Myrtle 9530

Name. No.

lona S 12350

Sadie Tascott 11483

Kitty Ozra 12086

Rose Veritas 12076

Roxy Aver 13995

Ouija 11882

Aunt Abbie 13220

lola Lome 12773

Gladiola 12352

Olah 11471

Rose Erica 12775

RoseCarentine 13655

Printsteps 8th 12643

Nonpiriel's Mvra 14707

Annie Bert .' 9670

Roma 14197

P. c.

Lbs.

P. c.

Total

Milk.

Fat.

Solids.

Butter

11417

3 78

12.40

503

8055

3 90

345

8092

4.05

12.94

382

6639

385

12.62

298

7831

3.90

12.88

356

8437

3.99

12.99

393

8183

4.04

12.90

386

7312

3.69

12 44

315

6068

4.06

13 08

287

6923

4 05

13.06

327

7588

3 84

12 44

340

7155

3.76

12.59

314

8782

4.06

13.04

416

12172

546

TEST,

1901.

Lbs.

P. c.

P c.

Total

Milk.

Fat.

Solids.

Butter

6163

4.16

12.38

301

7663

3.48

12.45

309

6'<50

4.06

13 46

309

6924

3.94

12.95

314

6771

4.39

317

7510

3.75

11 96

318

6910

4.01

13.43

318

7301

3 89

13 00

319

7741

3 66

12 10

322

8180

3.53

11.88

329

S853

3.29

12.03

330

8016

3.63

12.69

330

7405

3.78

12.78

332

8178

3.76

12 46

335

8313

3.57

11.39

337

7676

• 4.04

341

144

Name. No.

Biona 12351

Miss Oio:a 13984

Cad's Victorine 14695

Rose D-ummond 10173

Katy Did 15242

Linda Douglas 13388

Oke Mar 13307

Collinwood ." 11404

Rose Clenna 11153

Gebec 13981

Yucca 11470

Banjo Music 13527

Lukolela 12357

Xoa 11469

Roanette 11476

Pearl Clvde 13991

Lilly Aver 13994

Ponemah 13983

Bell Nixou 14705

Acelista 12094

Himona 13032

Cad's Beauty 13606

Dnrwood....!! 12680

Miss Ollie 12039

HOMK DAIll

Name. No.

Lula Avondale 15033

Countess of Montwo'od 11435

Nora of North Oaks... 13859

Olah 11471

Curley Hebron 15430

Muriel Fox 15036

Oke Mar ,,.... L3307

Rose Brodick 15029

Rose Ellice 13685

Rose Deruth 10346

Little Douglas 12766

Rose Dolman 13688

Belle's Cherry 15263

Bettv of Kilnford 14946

Ravn 12358

Liliv Aver 13994

Nancy B 2d 11936

Creamer 15137

Yucca ♦ 11470

P. c

Lbs.

P. c.

Total.

Milk.

Fat.

Solid;!.

Butter

8631

3 54

11 69

343

707^

4.18

13.41

345

6967

4.29

13.51

345

9029

3.36

11.84

346

6679

465

351

7965

3.82

12.86

351

7858

4.13

12 90

362

821.5

3 83

12.43

364

7884

4.12

13 06

366

7875

4.11

12.27

373

8502

3.80

12.26

376

7955

4.12

12.36

380

9299

3.60

11.71

384

9090

3.69

12.05

387

8638

3.90

13 00

387

8286

4.19

396

8477

423

409

7651

4.61

13 30

416

9383

3 85

12.27

421

9906

3.77

12.48

421

8765

4.33

12.84

439

8702

4.27

12.67

446

10701

4 05

15 07

506

9924

4.73

13.93

514

Y TEST,

1902.

P. C.

Lbs.

P. c.

Total

Milk.

Fat

Solids.

Butter

6122

4.31

13.32

300

6179

4 02

800

5910

4.40

305

7484

3.63

306

6741

4.00

13.18

306

668o

4.05

13.23

308

6526

4 08

309

7117

3 87

12 80

311

7021

3.90

13.01

311

7713

3 46

12.14

312

8178

3 38

11 51

312

1 7409

3.65

12 68

313

; 6913

3 60

12 96

314

6692

4.20

315

; 7653

3.61

320

6910

4.10

325

8951

3 40

12.31

325

6241

4 37

326

) 6842

4 08

326

M5

Lhs. P. C.

N-ame. No. Milk. Fat

¥uba Lass 12353 9124 3 14

Lizzie Muriel 15364 7583 3 83

Rosy Aver 13995 7098 4/20

Miss Fleda Douglas... 12770 7758 3.70

Gebic , 13981 7471 3 88

Countess of North Oaks 15113 6991 3,70

Lady Watson 12644 8008 3.70

Aunt Abbie...,. ., 13220 7462 3.95

Xoa 11469 8008 3,72

Hiona 12351 6886 3.65

Eyrie 12602 7103 4.16

Lady Sears 12641 9209 3,24

Durline 13473 7965 3.78

Lady Monmouth....... 16699 7453 4,20

KatyDid 15242 7299 4.20

Printsteps 8th 12643 8786 3 66

PearlClvde 13991 7824 4.10

Roma 14197 8371 3,87

Canary 13470 7723 4 15

MissOllieSd 14887 7555 4.56

Inez Douglas 14554 7663 4.34

lola Lome 12773 8737 3.90

Ponemab 13983 7576 4,58

Acelista 12094 9289 3.70

Mvsie of Barcheskie... . 14952 9228 3.80

Kalley 12660 9190 3,70

Floe 16700 8086 4 30

MissOlga 13984 7762 4,44

Miss Ollie 12C39 8408 4 40

Maurinf 13422 7839 4.90

P. C.

Total

Solids. Btitter

12.85
12.74

12,73
13'16

12.17

12,57

14.03
14.16
12.75

12.31

12.47

13.59

327
335
336
336
336
338
340
340
342
342
343
345
350
358
356
360
364
368
371
374
386
388
390
392
393
395
395
397
425
433

Official Scotch and American Tests of Ayrshire Cows

1901.

It has always been claimed by the Scotch Breeders
of Ayrshires that it was necessary to return to the old
country for fresh blood every now and then in order to
keep up the standard of the Ayrshire cow in her highest
perfection in form and dairy quality, w^hich theory has
been believed by our Canadian friends, but not by the
breeders of Ayrshires in the States.

146

It has seemed to us tliat we had produced a t3^pe
6i Ayrshire cows that held in form the original type,
and had added to that a more practical addition in
increased length of teat and dairy abilit}^ notwithstand-
ing the changed conditions of the climate of the States.

It has always been conceded that the climate of
Ayrshire was- moister, with a greater rainfall than is
found in the United States, being thereb}^ more suited
to grazing, and that the same cows gave a less quantity
of milk on this side of the ocean than in their native
home. This being the case it is not to be expected
that with the same cows the breeders can hope to
compete in yields of Ayrshire cows at the pail with the
Scotch breeder, ixud in order to obtain an equal amount
the breeder of the States must produce a cow of
increased natural ability.

It is not often we can obtain comparative yields
that are both authenticated and made on so similar
plans as to be of value iff comparison, but this year we
are favored with just this in the official report of the
Scotch Derby for 1901, and the Home Dairy Test in the
United States for 1901.

The Scotch Derby is a competition in the County
of iVyr in Scotland that is entered into by the Ayrshire
breeders with great strife, because it is a hard contest
both on outward shape and dairy ability. A cow is
entered for the Derby and shown in the ring. Later
after she has calved and in her best form for a twenty-
four hour milkinsr trial, a committee is sent to the home
ofi the cow without notice to the owner and she is
milked clean and the milk lor the next twenty-four
hours is weighed and tested for butter-fat and total
solids, and the award made from her product in
connection with her rinsr examination which is

o

147

substantially the £ame as the Home Dairy Test of the
. A3^r^hire Breeders' Association as far as the dairy side
of the contest is concerned. A comparison of the two
made in 1901 should be a very good index of the
performance at the pail of the Scotch and States
Ayrshires in the quiet of their own home, though in
making the comparison, due allowance should be given
to the natural advantage the Scotch cow has over her
cousin in the States, on account of the better grazing
conditions in Scotland.

For a more complete and uniform comparison I
have copied the whole number of the test of the mature
cows in Scotland and have omitted their report of
award made by a scale of points, including the ring
award, and have confined myself to the dairy award
simply, and to further compare the two I have figured
the butter yield of the Scotch cows on the same method
as the Experiment Station figured the butter jdeld of
the States cows, thus making the two uniform and official.

SCOTCH DERBY TEST.

Lbs. Percent Percftit Tbs.

Owner. Age miik. fat. total solijs butter

William Winter 6 60 3.80 12.22 2.66

James Littlejohn 8 46.5 4 57 13 62 2.48

James Littlejohn 6 .^3 3.87 12.67 2.39

\\iliiara Winter 4 51.50 3.77 12.67 2 27

W. C Alexander 8 52.75 382 12.49 2 35

David Grav 6 44 75 3.72 13.59 1.94

W. C. Alexander 4 46.50 3.07 11.62 1.67

John S. Hunter 4 52 2.95 12.00 1.79

UNITED STATES HOME DAIRY TEST.

Lbs. Percent Percent Lbs.

Owner. Age milk. f...t. total solids, buittr

Etna J. Fletcher 6 47.61 5 80 12 48 3.20

L. S. Drew 7 54.96 4.70 13.96 3.01

C. M. Winslow & Son 8 39.36 5 20 14.00 2,39

Etna J. Fletcher 6 42.68 4.80 12 76 2.39

Etna f. Fletcher 8 42.80 4.40 13.01 2.26

Etna I. Fletcher 7 37.90 4.50 13.33 199

Etna J. Fletcher 10 42.30 3.90 12 34 192

L. C. Spaulding & Son 8 39.03 4.20 13.05 1.91

148

The average of the above tests show the Ayrshire
cow in Scotland to give more milk in a day, while the .
Ayrshires in the States give more butter.

Official Scotch and American Tests of Ayrshire Cows

1902.

I have recently recei^^ed the report of the official
milking tests of Ayrshire cows in Scotland for the year
1902, and have selected the five giving the highest
record for butter, also the five giving the highest record
in the Home Daisy test in the States for the year 1902,
a comparison of which is of interest, all being official
and supposed to be among the best of the breed in either
country.

The natural conditions in Scotland are more fav r-
able for a large dairy yield from the same cows than in
America on account of the more uniform moisture in
Scotland, and its consequent succulence of pasturage.
The record in both countries shows a good degree of
uniformity and a good class of dair}^ cows.

As the names of the individual cows in Scotland was
not given, but their owners instead, I have adopted a uni-
form method. The report is for two consecutive milkings.

scorcB.

p. c.

Lbs of Butter

O .vners Milk. Fat. Butter

William Winter 60 3 87 2.73

lames Littlejohn 52 3 50 2.11

W. C. Alexander 30 5.92 2.05

W. C. Alexander 45 4.47 2.03

A Gemmil 46 3.30 1.76

Average 46 2.13

AMERICAN.

C. M. Winslow & Son 51 3.80 2.26

L. S. Drew 42 4.6<) 2.25

Howard Cook 46 4.00 2.14

Gio. H. Yeaton...... 42 4.50 2.10

W. V. Probasco 47 3.80 2.08

Average 45 2.16

'0'^-^K'

"';'^j'iv>v'.