3) NIETS ZONDEK ARBYT — On a farmhouse^ Shurdington^ Gloucestershite <^1k. X' « YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES EDITED BY S. S. BUCKMAN, f.g.s., CORRBSPONDKNT OF THE PaLEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY (U.S.A.) ; Hon. Mehbxr of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society; of the Cheltenham Natural Science Society, etc. •^*v ^ The Original descriptions reprinted, and illustrated by figures of the types, reproduced from photographs mainly by »» H J. W. TUTCHER ^ Vol. I LONDON : WILLIAM WESLEY AND SON 28 ESSEX STREET, STRAND 1909 — igi2 (d ) -BOM CONTENTS Bibliographic Details "' Terminology ^* Ammonite Development ^ Geological Details (Lias) xv Generic Names * Descriptions, with 80 plates i— lxvii Appendix ^ PUBLICATION DETAILS Parts Pages Plates Descriptions Date I i — xii ; i, a 12 1—8 21 XII 1909 II XIII — XVI 12 9 — 22 23 III 1910 III iii- —vi 9 - 23—30 28 III 1911 IV 10 31—37 26 IV 1911 V 10 38—44 30 XI 1911 VI 9 45—51 22 II I9I2 VII 9 52—60 28 V 1912 VIII \Vti 1 t; i, viii; A — G; [ 9 61—67 26 X 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES EDITED BY S. S. BUCKMAN, F.G.S., AUTHOR OF A Monograph of Inferior Oolite Ammonites, 1887-1908" The Original descriptions reprinted, and illustrated by figures of the types, reproduced from photographs mainly by J. W. TUTCHER Part I Pages i — xii, i — it 12 Plates, and Descriptions Nos. 1 — 8 LONDON : WILLIAM WESLEY AND SON, ?.S KRSKX STREET, STRAND 1909 , *3 >^ o x^ \ / < ^ CONTENTS Part I Introduction : — Bibliographic Details Terminology Ammonite Development Systematic : — Generic Names . . Page HI vi X Descriptions : — 1. A. reticularis 2. A. ripleyi 3. A. aureus 4. A. mulgravius 5. A. exaratus 6. A. resupinatus . 7. A. dennyi 8. A. polyophyllus 9. A. alternatus 10. A. subconcavus 11. A. boulbiensis Plate I II III IV A, IV B V VI VII VIII IX X XI (Text of g, 10, 11 in next part) CHELTENHAM NORMAN, SAWYER AND CO. LTD., PRINTERS SI. George's hall m [INTRODUCTION Bibliographic Details In the early days of Geology four authorities dealt with the Jurassic fossils of Yorkshire : Young & Bird, John Phillips, and Martin Simpson. They named a large number of species, but their task was inadequately performed : Young & Bird described their species very shortly, giving poor figures of a portion only ; Phillips issued mere sketches, and gave no descriptions ; while Simpson furnished good descriptions, but gave no figures. Phillips' tyjjes are lost, stolen in London from the coaching inn : perhaps they lie at the bottom of the Thames. However, the majority of the typ)es of Young & Bird, and of Simpson, are contained in Whitby Museum, with which Young, Bird, and Simpson were connected ; the specimens are, for the most part, readily identifiable from the Museum registers, as well as from other indications. They form a fine collection : there will be, perhaps, 150 or more species ; emd in regard to the majority of them, authors, both British and foreign, have failed to interpret the Yorkshire writers correctly, which is not surprising. The works of Young & Bird, though well enough known, are procurable only with some difficulty ; the works of Martin Simpson are very little known outside of his native county, and are almost unprocurable. His " Monograph of Lias Ammonites, " (London, 1843) is extremely rare ; and his " Fossils of the Yorkshire Lias " (London, 1855), is very scarce. Yet these modest works are more imjwrtant than those of the other authors so far as Ammonites are concerned : they contain careful and discriminative studies of many species ; and their worth has not yet received due recognition. Without full illustra- tion of Simpson's tyj)es it is almost impossible to obtain due knowledge of Lias Ammonites, and certainly dangerous to describe or name species as new. For the statement advanced by certain geologists, that descrip- tions without figures give no claim to priority of nomenclature, is not admitted by zoologists. If it were allowed to exclude the unfigured species of Young & Bird, and of Simpson, it would also have to be applied to exclude many of those of Linne, Bruguiere, Lamarck, Schlotheim, and others, which, however, have been generally accepted. The publishers of the present work, therefore, consider that the reproduction of these types by photographic process, with reprints of the original descriptions, especially those of Simpson, will render an important service to palseontology ; and they hope that it will meet with the necessary encouragement. Mr. T. Xewbitt, F.G.S., Curator of the Whitby Museum, has been, and is, kindly investigating the typ)es, and the Council of the Museum has consented to their being placed, for the purposes of this publication, in charge of the Editor, who has, fortunately, as collaborator for the photographic work, Mr. J. W. Tutcher : his remarkable results are widely known. iv YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Dec. Of the volumes to be edited a few details may be given. The title-page of Young & Bird's first work reads : — A Geological Survey of the Yorkshire Coast : describing the strata and fossils occurring between the Humber and the Tees, from the German Ocean to the plain of York : Illustrated with numerous Engravings : by the Rev. George Young, A.M., and John Bird, Artist. Whitby. 1822. This will be quoted as " Young & Bird, 1822." The title- page of their 2nd Edition, 1828, is practically the same : it will be quoted as " Young & Bird, 1828." There are numerous discrepancies between the two editions — particularly through alteration in the names of species. The title-page of the 2nd edition states that John Bird was then Curator of the Whitby Museum. The title-page of Simpson's first work reads thus : — A Monograph of the Ammonites of the Yorkshire Lias ; containing the specific characters and popular notices of more than 100 species ; with references to the particular beds and localities where each is to be found ; including, also, the two species of nautilus. Described from Nature, by Martin Simpson, Curator to the Geological and Polytechnic Society of the West Riding of Yorkshire and late keeper of the Whitby Museum, Lecturer on Geology, etc. London : Simpkin, Marshall and Co., and all Booksellers. 1843. The preface is dated February, 1843 ; and the authorities of the British Museum kindly give the information that their copy was received July 8th, 1843. Publication may have preceded this date by some time, but even this date will give Simpson's species priority over all of d'Orbigny's (Terr. Jur., Ceph. ; Pal. Fran9. L) after p. 192 (1844), and probably after p. 144 (second issue in 1843). This work of the Yorkshire author will be referred to as " Simpson, 1843." The title-page of Simpson's next work is : — ^The Fossils of the Yorkshire Lias ; Described from Nature. With a short outline of the Geology of the Yorkshire Coast. Illustrated with sections ; and intended as a Guide to Strangers. By M. Simpson, Lecturer on Natural Science, and Curator of Museums. London : Whittaker and Co., Ave Maria Lane. Whitby : Silvester Reed. 1855. This work will be quoted as " Simpson, 1855." There is no copy in the British Museum, nor in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, so that a more exact date of publication is not known. The work is, however, not so difficult to procure as the 1843 publication. A second edition of this work was published nearly thirty years later. Its title-page reads : — ^The fossils of the Yorkshire Lias, described from Nature, with a carefully-measured section of the strata, and the fossils peculiar to each. By Martin Simpson, Lecturer on Natural Science, and Curator of the Whitby Museum ; Author of a Guide to the Geology of Yorkshire. Second Edition. Whitby : Printed by Forth and Son, Flowergate. Sold at the Museum. London : John Wheldon, Natural History Bookseller, 58, Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, 1884. This work will be quoted as " Simpson, 1884." It is easily obtain- able : and therefore the section of the strata which he gives will be used as a basis for fixing the ])osition of species (see below, p. xvi.) 1909 BIBLIOGRAPHIC Martin Simpson was " born 20th November, 1798, and he died 31st December, 1892."'- He acted for many years as Curator of the Whitby Museum, and " in i860 the Council granted him the .... remuneration of £10 per annum, which he received till his death." 1 He was no arm-chair palaeontologist : his practical field acquaintance with the strata and fossils of the Yorkshire Lias was obviously most intimate (1884, vi) ; and his knowledge of the horizons from which species were obtained must have been extensive : he has recorded many useful data. This intimate field-knowledge, coupled with a keen eye for differences of shape, led him — at any rate in the case of the Ammonites — to make many more species than his contemporaries would admit ; and partly to this tendency may be attributed his failure to receive assistance for the publication of his works with due illustrations. This deficiency it is now hoped to supply ; and the figuring of the types of Simpson's Ammonite-species may furnish evidence necessary for judgment as to whether his views were correct. It is expected to show that his specific nomenclature is justifiable on the whole — that he was, in fact, unfortunately for himself, far in advance of his time. Though he was so favourable to giving many names to species, he was the opposite in regard to genera (1884, 3). This, perhaps, explains the attitude that he adopted towards the pioneer in naming Ammonite genera — Alpheus Hyatt — when he visited Whitby Museum.^ In regard to the present edition of the Yorkshire authors, a few remarks may be necessary. The original descriptions will be given in full ; but no promise can yet be made about the reproduction of the original figures. Editorial comments will be as abbreviated as possible. Some discussion in regard to the application of generic names, especially where genotypes are doubtful, and some new generic appellations are unavoid- able. The former will be as short as f)Ossible, and the latter as few as the necessities of the case require : it is well, however, to remember that more efficient work can be produced with sufficient tools than with too few. After the descriptive matter is a list of species comparable with the subject — generally on the right-hand page, with room for manuscript additions, since the list does not pretend to be exhaustive. Cited species may, or may not, belong to the same genus as the subject. Dates are given carefully to show whether priority belongs to the cited species or the subject. Authorities for dates of some works issued in parts are : — E. Renevier, Dates publ. ; Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat., 1855 — ■ for the SowERBYs' Mineral Conchology : a rare pamphlet, very kindly lent by Mr. C. D. Sherborn, F.G.S. C. D. Sherborn, Dates Pal. Fran?. ; Geol. Mag. (4) VI, 1899, 223, — for d'Orbigny's Ceph., Terr. Jur., Pal. Fran?. G. C. Crick, Am. calcar ; Geol. Mag. (4) VI, 1899, 554, — for Zieten's Verst. Wiirt. In the citations of comparable species references cannot be given in full, but a bibliography is for the future : meanwhile, memoirs I C.D.S., obituary notice, Geo). Mag. (3) X, p. 144, 1893. 2 Genesis Acietidae ; Smithsonian Contrib. Knowl. 673, 1889, p. 170. VI YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Dec. and papers are readily identifiable from works on Ammonites and from books of reference. In citations a comma between the trivial name and the author indicates the author as the giver of the name at the time ; but a semi- colon, that the author is quoting his own or another writer's previously given trivial name. Thus, A. bisulcatus, Bruguiere, and A. bisculatiis ; d'Orbigny ; A. petlos, Quenstedt, 1849 ; but A. pettos ; Quenstedt, 1883. Terminology Technical terms are necessary, but difficult to remember. Therefore a few that are important will be chronicled below, with explanations purposely as abbreviated as possible.^ Necessary new terms are marked by broad face type. Biological Terms Growth Stages : — Embryonic Nepionic Neanic Ephebic Gerontic larval, or young. adolescent. adult. senile. These terms refer to the individual development, ontogeny ; by the addition of phylo- they denote racial development, phylogeny. Structural Stages : — Anaplasis building up ^ of the Metaplasis completion > whole Paraplasis decline J structure, The building up takes place during the first three growth stages, the completion is accomplished in the ephebic, and the decline happens in the gerontic stage. Or, Anagenesis Catagenesis Anagenesis Catagenesis elaboration simpHfication of characters. aggradational \ development of degradational J characters. Biogenetic Terms Tachygenesis Earlier inheritance of characters : hence the characters of adult A will be those of adolescent B, its descen- dant, and so on : — hence, adult A is the morphic prefiguration of adolescent B, and the latter the m. representation of adult A. I For further terms, definitions, and literature, see Hyatt, Phyl. Acq. Char.; Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. xxxii, 1894, 349; Idv Ceph. in Eastman trans. Z'ittel, Text-book Pal. I, 1900, 502; KucKMAN, Mon. Amm. 1898, Sup. p. i. 1909 TERMINOLOGY vii Palingenesis, The repetition of phylogeny by ontogeny. The ontogenetic record is preserved excellently among Ammonites, but its recapitulative fidelity is often marred. Irregularity of record may, it is here suggested, be grouped as follows : — Palingenesis, saltative skipping of stages, cunctative delayed development, precedentive unequal acceleration. For further remarks, see later, pp. xiii, xiv. Homo- ~\ of the same ^ Hetero- > genetic of different >origin(s). Poly- J of many J -phyletic for -genetic = stock(s), for origin(s). o 'equivalents heterophyletic species, which are similar. prefigtiration indication of what an adolescent descendant will be. ^representation indication of what an adult ancestor has been. Morphic equivalents may be homreomorphs, and they may be iso- chronous, of the same date, or heterochronous, of different dates. Epacme the increasing ^ periods of Acme the maximum > faunal Paracme the decreasing j development. These terms may also be u.sed in regard to other phenomena of rise, culmination, and decline. CURA TORI A L TERMS ' The nomenclature descriptive of the different types to be dealt with is important. Sufficient perhaps will be : — Proterotypes — Primary types. Holotype the one, or chief >^ Syntype a partner ( fype- Parulype an assistant [" Lectolype a syntype selected as ^ I For other terms and literature see Schuchert & Buckman, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvi, 1905, 102, and Schuchert, Catal. of 'type Specimens; Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 53 (1) 1905, g. via YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Dec. Apotypes — Supplementary types. These are types for descriptions later than the original one. IcoTYPES — Typical Specimens. Topolype Metatype an example from the original locality (and zone) . a topotype named by the author. Genotypes— Types of Genera. Genoholotype the one, or chief ^ type Genosyntype Genolectotype a partner > a later selected J of genus. A genolectotype must be chosen out of genosyntypes. Bibliographic Terms. Proiolog Protograph Descriptive Terms Area : — Dorsum Side Venter Sides : — convergent divergent Umbilicus : — concav- ~\ crater- \ grad- J Venter : — fastigate concavi- convexi- plani- the original description, the original figure. antiperipheral or dorsal area. lateral area. peripheral or ventral area. sloping towards venter, sloping towards dorsum. umbilicus basin -shaped crater-like step-form umbilicus. like ridge-roof of a house, hence : with concave ^ fastigate with convex > slopes with plane J silicate carinatisulcate tabulate carinatitabulate somewhat narrower than concave hence, sulcate, but with a keel ; a keel between two furrows, level across ; hence, level, but with a keel. 1909 TERMINOLOGY ix Ornament : — Radius — a stria (line) or casta (rib), or combination thereof, character and direction indicated thus : — recti- fiexi- prorsi- versi- rursi- anguli- straight I character, curved ) radius inchned >. radially projected I general reclined | trend. V-shaped -^ Tubercle — ^general term for knob, pimple, or any spine- like projection, sub-divided thus : — spine a strong projection. nodtis a round knob. papilla a pimple. bulla a knob transversely elongate. clavus a knob longitudinally elongate. auriculoid an ear-like or c; -shaped marking, produced by the degeneration of a clavus : see below, p. x. Partitions Septal margin — ^the suture line, or edge of partition between chambers. The following abbreviations for parts will be used : — * Lobes : — EL. on venter (external). L^ principal lateral. Z,* second lateral. L* third lateral, often first of a series of auxiliaries. IL on dorsum (internal). Aux. ^, '^: auxiliaries. Ac '■ ^- accessory lobes developed between EL and L. Saddles : — ES external (between EL and L^). SI 1st lateral (between L^ and L^). S* 2nd lateral (between L^ and L^). The Septal margin (suture line) is often called the septum ; but there are other septa, for instance ; — Septicarina a carina ^ with a Septicosta a rib > septum Septituberculus a tubercle J at base. I See also Hyatt, Eastman trans. Zittel, Pal. I, 539, 1900. YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Dec. Most — perhaps all — of the Lias Planulati (Dadylioceras, etc.) have each rib parted off by a septum : they are septicostate ; and so the degree of costation as between test present or absent differs considerably. The septicostation is a good character by which to distinguish them from homoeomorphic Bathonian, or other Perisphinctes, Peltoceras, etc. The davus and auriculoid. — On the outer lateral area of certain Oxynoticerates there are c;-shaped processes which Pompeckj calls noeuds paraholiques. In Am. auriiulus'- there are knobs longitudinally extended, connecting two ribs in a button and loop style : each of these Quenstedt terms eine ohrenartige schleife (an ear-like loop or knob). A similar ornamentation of stronger, longitudinally elongated knobs is shown in Am. sinemuriensis, d'Orbigny,'^ Am- forficatus, Strickland- Buckman,^ and other Coronicerates. These Coronicerates, A. auritulus and the Oxynoticerates present, in three stages of catagenetic development, an ornament which may be called a davus when a strong boss, and an auriculoid when a relic, as in the Oxynoticerates. The importance in the latter is its indication that they are catagenetic developments which have had an ancestor in the tuberculate stage, and hence the ontogeny of Oxynoticerates gives examples of saltative palingenesis. If the auriculoids are rightly explained as degenerate longitudinally- elongated knobs (clavi) of the A. sinemuriensis pattern, then their resem- blance to the ornaments which have been called parabolical curves, Parahelknoten, or tubercules auriculaires among Perisphinctes is only accidental. A note in regard to Simpson's terms may be necessary. By depressed he means what would now be called compressed ; by radius he intends simply the costa, not its pre- or post-developments — stria ; by back or dorsal he denotes what are now called venter, ventral. As to his measurements, they are certainly only just approximate — in fact, they are rough. Ammonite Development The need for some of the foregoing terms and for others may be understood from the following remarks on development. In regard to the coiling — the amount of evolution or involution — of the conch of Ammonites, there is apparent a course of cychcal develop- ment ; but it is difficult to speak of anagensis or catagensis, of elaboration or simplification, of progression or regression, in regard to the mere changes in the coiling of the conch, considered altogether apart from its ornamentation.* I See A. dennyi, No. 7. 2 1844, xcv, i, 2. 3 Geol. Chelt, 1844, 104 ; figd- Proc. Cotteswold F. C. xv, igo6, xi, 8, 9. 4 Hyatt regarded increase of involution as progressive; Gen. Arietidae, 71. 1909 DEVELOPMENT XI < I-) (J O O 0. o tn H 6 o o f c (/) > Among Nautiloids and Ammonoids, as a whole, the cyclical develop- ment may be represented thus : — Table I — Coiling Cycle t y occlusal {Nautilus) serpen tal (Hercoceras) ./^ gyral {Gyroceras) I curved {Cyrioceras) •^ — straight (Orthoceras) (Baculites) These stages represent the complete cycle of development which was accomplished from a straight cone through curving and incoiling cones up to a cone with quite closed umbilicus, back again through outcoiling and curving cones to a straight cone ; but there was always power to reverse at any stage, without completing the cycle. Of these terms, gyral signifies a loose volute ; serpenlal, a close volute, coiled like a snake, with whorls touching or even lapping ; and occlusal, an embracing or occluded volute — a cone so coiled upon itself that there is only a small or even no umbilicus. The generic names appended stand merely as examples of the degrees of coiling : they are not necessarily in genetic relationship. The arrows refer to the cyclical development expressed by the adjectival terms, and indicate the course of a complete cycle ; but this is rare : incom- plete cycles or partial cycles, with subsidiary cycles, are the rule. Many stocks end before completing the cycle. Hyatt expressed some of the forms of Cephalopod cones by combining the word cone with generic names, making Orthoceracone, Nautilicone, etc. In the etymological objection taken to such a term as Orthoceracone for Orthoceratocone there is little ; but the ceras which seems to confine the terms to Cephalopods can be omitted, with the advantage of making them applicable to molluscs generally. The following may be suggested : — Table II — Cone Stages u C Ophiocone ^_ I Gyrocone Sphaerocone -y Serpenticone I -V Criocone I o o n n r G ~ Cyrtocone Toxocone ^ •{ — Orthocone Baculicone «^— ^ Of these, Ophiocone ('"'/>t', a snake) covers Hyatt's discoidal, that is, evolute Nautilicone ; SphcBrocone (o-c^aipa, a ball, and Sphcero- ceras), his involute Nautilicone ; Serpenticone, Hyatt's Ammoniticone, xii YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Dec. in part. Then Criocone is from (cpidr, the Ionic volute, which gave Crioceras ; and the rest are similarly obvious. Further, there will be use for Turricone instead of Hyatt's Turriliticone : it is really a sphaerocone developed as a turreted spiral ; for Scaphiticone, from Scaphites, a sphaerocone finishing with an attempt towards a criocone ; and Oxycone, for highly-compressed forms which are, more or less, in the occlusal stage, but are too thin to be sphaerocones — Am. oxynotus is an example. Practically all the Nautiloids and Ammonoids may be distributed among these cone-stages. A species may show several stages in its ontogeny — especially in higher (later) forms ; and its development may not be continuously forward in the direction of the arrow, but may be backward, especially in gerontic stages. For instance, the Nautiloids show the pre-occlusal and occlusal stages, but they have developed nothing later than the sphaerocone stage. Lituites, however, which attains to the ophiocone stage, does not develop a sphaerocone, but runs back to produce an orthocone. Among Ammonoids the pre-occlusal stages are shown properly by few genera, Badrites, Mimoceras, for instance. In most cases the pre- occlusal stages are highly condensed, so that Jurassic Ammonitoids, for instance, practically begin as sphaerocones ; they then develop to become serpenticones, and may again pass to be sphaerocones, making a subsidiary cycle (see p. xiv ) ; or after the serpenticone stage they may develop as oxycones — a similar cycle, except for compression, for both cycles are from occlusal to serpental, to occlusal again. After the oxycone stage there is often sudden umbilical expansion, a sort of incipient scaphiticone stage : many Hildoceratidae are oxycones ending as incipient scaphiticones. Among some of the so-called scaphitoid Ammonites this is very marked, Creniceras, Cadomoceras ; but other scaphitoids are sphaerocones ending as incipient scaphiticones, Siiinena. Thus, while the pre-occlusal and occlusal stages are exhibited by Nautiloids, the bulk of the Ammonoids show the occlusal and post- occlusal stages ; and the Ammonitoids show a sphterocone radical developing post-occlusal stages, with subsidiary cycles. Thus the Nautiloids show an incomplete cycle — the half up to the occlusal only ; but the Ammonoids exhibit all the stages of the complete cycle. Among Ammonitoids there is great mortality in the post- serpenticone stages, especially in the oxycone. Several stocks also appear to finish as criocones, or toxocones ; and perhaps only one or two stocks can be regarded as attaining to the baculicone stage. With the above terms it will be possible to state concisely the stage of evolution of the conch in the species to be described ; and the position of any species in regard to the cycle of cone-development may be readily understood. These terms can also be applied to other molluscs. Thus, Tentaculites are orthocones. Among Gastropods, Bellerophon is a sphaerocone. In the Capulidae are cyrtocones and turricones ; but some which look like cyrtocones are possibly toxocones : that is, they are, perhaps, post- turriconic. The Vermetidae show turricones trying to become baculi- cones ; but the bulk of Gastropods are turricones, showing a kind of subsidiary cycle within the turriconic development, from occlusal to serpental, to occlusal again. 7909 HARPOCERAS SYSTEMATIC Generic Names Certain remarks on generic names will be assembled here, and will be added to from time to time as may be required. It may be necessary for the discussion of certain genera to notice others which are not actually within the scope of this work. Genus, PLATYPLEUROCERAS, Hyatt 1867, Foss. Ceph. ; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool , V, 92. Hyatt quotes one species, P. lateecosta with three references ; but it is evident from what he quotes that he has been misled by the wrong numbering of Sowerby's PI. dlvi. Therefore, by latcBCOsta he means brevispina ; and the other references which he quotes indicate this : A. lateecosta, Zieten, A. natrix rotundus, Quenstedt, are both akin to A. brevispina, Sowerby. It is advisable to take as type A. laftecosta, Zieten, non Sowerby. Result Genus, Platypleuroceras, Hyatt, 1867. Genolectotype, Am. lateecosta, Zieten, non Sowerby. Genus, HARPOCERAS, Waagen, 1869 i86g, Formr. Am. subradiatus ; Geogn.-I'al. Beitr. II, (2) 245 — 250. This genus was proposed by Waagen for a very comprehensive series which the author himself admits had been already distributed by Hyatt into several families and many genera. Waagen proposed it specially for the Falciferi of the Lias (p. 250), as he shows by his name. Evidently again from the nammg, out of the Falciferi, A. falcifer, J. Sowerby, is the species rightly to be selected as the type. This is the substance of what Dr. Haug wrote to me many years ago, in I)roposing that the genus Harpoceras should be restrif ted to the true Falciferi, with Am. falcifer as type (Geol. Mag., 1887, (3), IV, 400) ; and this suggestion I carried out (Ibid., p. 397). The strong sickle-shaped ribs and the undercut umbilical edge are special features of the genus. Result Genus, Harpoceras, Waagen, Genolectotype, /I. /a/a/er, J. Sowerby. a YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Dec. Genus, AGASSICERAS, Hyatt, 1875 1875, New Gen. Amm. ; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. XVII, 225. In his original description of the genus, Hyatt included three species, Am. Icevigatus, J. de C. Sowerby, Am. striaries, Quenstedt, Am. scipioni- amis, d'Orbigny. The first of these would fall into the genus Cymhites, Neumayr, 1878 ; and for the last Hyatt has erected a genus Mtomoceras (1900, Eastman-Zittel, 575). This leaves Am. striaries as the type ; and the comparable species mentioned in p. 6c., with A. resupinaius, appear to be stout developments of a siriaries-like form. Mtomoceras is the thin development from a similar stock. In discussing such species — Geol. Mag. (4) I, (1894), 359 — I suggested that Am. scipionianns might be taken as the type of Agassiceras, and ranged A. sauzeanus with it ; but Hyatt preferred to make a new genus for A. scipionianus. He did not see the relationship of A. sauzeanus with the striaries and scipionianus series ; for he placed it in Coroniceras — Gen. Ariet. ; Smithson. Contrib. 673 (1889), 184 ; but the deficiency of channels and the Asteroceras pattern of lobes remove A. sauzeanus and its allies from Coroniceras. Genus, OXYNOTICERAS, Hyatt, 1875 1875, New Gen. Amm.; Proc. Boston Poc. Nat. Hist. XVII, 230. According to the etymology, A. oxynoius, Quenstedt, must be taken as the type. For a treatise on the species of the genus see Pompeckj, Com. Serv. Geol. Port., vi, ix)o6, 214. The many Liassic species assigned to the genus are so diverse in character that they are probably polyphyletic — Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, Liv, 1898, Table 11, facing p. 451, and p. 453. The A. oxynotus-series is probably a lateral branch from Agassiceras, through stages akin to Asteroceras. This is close to Pompeckj's result (P- 333)> but see S. Buckman, Mon. 1889, 226, and 1898 op. cit. above. A. oxynoius, which is a phylogerontic form of the series, shows remarkable saltative palingenesis. Its ornament-record would be, in phylogeny, i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4c, 3c, but its ontogeny is often i, 3c, a skipping of five stages. See also Pompfxkj, 286. For evidence as to stage 5 in Oxynoticeras, see A. dennyi, No. 7. Genus, HARPOCERATOIDES, nov. Type, Am. alternatus, Simpson (see No. 9). The rib-curve is subfalciform, not strongly geniculate ; the ribs are bundled on the inner area in a wavelike manner ; the umbihcal edge is bevelled, tendmg to concave ; there is a small septicarina. The rib-curve, the bundling of the ribs, and the inner margin bevelled instead of undercut, separate this genus from Harpoceras : the less falciform radial line, with less distinct angulation in the lateral area, is especially noticeable. Of the Comparable Species in page 9c, A. strangewaysi and H. kisslingi belong here; A. ovattis has similar rib-curve, but a different suture-line. Descriptions AND Plates I. KliTICULARIS, Ammonites Amai.theus lb YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMOXITES fite. I. AilllOXITES RETICULARIS. SmnoN (Plate I) Origimti DtsaipHam " 70. A[iiiin(nites] i^kobns. [IL Smrsox, 1843, p. jS.] i" n. yfHOi a feed on die back. " «. Outer mkml irmmi." p. 31.] " Of this fossQ I know bat fittle, I saw it two or tbatc yeais ago. to tbe best of my leooHectioii, it icsanblcs A. stofcesL, and was beanti- fnlly covered with dE&ate, i^kniatBd stiiae." AddUiamti DdmOs Saasas, 1855, p. 78. " lag. A. leticolaiis, Sun^ — Volntians > inner ones more tiian } cxnoealed, outer wind | tlie diameter, most oan\' of matrix, contamii^ several ^'^?m|J>g ol PaNofltmnnrm^, a speconen of pviem «MMRMilBts, etc The genos is Amdtkrn^. llontioit, 1808, funity Amalthcidae. Ramk AiLM-TBECS KEnciTLUtK, SDa>sox ^ tS43. Domerian, moe. Hawsker, near Wlntbv. 1909 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Fig. Fig. 2 Ammonites reticularis, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 217, Holotype Fig. I, Side view; Fig. 2, Apertural view AMALTHEUS RETICULARIS, Simpson sp. 1909 AMMONITES RETICULARIS ic Comparable Species Ammonites engelhardtii, d'Orbigny, 1884, Lxvi. Amaltheus margaritatus ; Bayle, 1878, xciii. 5. Amallheus engelhardti ; Wright, 1883, lxx. 2b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Dec. 2. AMMONITES RIPLEYI, Simpsox (Plate II) Original Description " II. A[mmonites] Ripleyi. [M. Simpson, 1843, p. 11.] [" I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow. " a. No spines." p. 7.] " Depressed ; volutions 5 or 6 exposed ; radii straight, diverging, obtuse, bend towards the aperture in passing over the back ; a row of minute tubercles on the outer margin of the whorls ; aperture quadrate ; diameter Jy inch. " This rather resembles the last [A. trivialis], but the whorls diminish less rapidly, and are flatter on the sides ; the tubercles are much more regular, and are continued upon the inner whorls ; the radii also, in passing over the back, do not form angles as in A. trivialis. This is also from the Lower Lias at Robin Hood's Bay." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, p. 44, after "back" in first par., adds, "where they are obsolete " ; omits " depressed " at beginning, and all second par. ; 1884, p. 74 as 1855. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 5. The suture-line is similar to that of ^. regnardi, given by d'Orbigny : L^ is similarly unequally tridactyloid ; but L^ is more oblique. The diameter of No. 106 in Whitby Museum is seven-tenths of an inch. The genus is Uptonia, S. Buckman, 1898, 453 — family Polymorphidae. The geological position is presumably ' Lower Lias y" Result Uptonia ripleyi, Simpson sp. 1843. Charmouthian [jamesoni- zone], Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1909 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES II Fig. I Fig. 2 n«»: Fig. 3 Ammonites ripleyi, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 106, Holotype; Fig. i. Side view; Fig. 2, Apertural view; both x 1.5; Fig. 3, Part of whorl with suture lines, x 4. UPTONIA RIPLEYI, SIMPSON SP. 1909 AMMONITES RIPLEYI 2c Comparable Species Am. jamesoni, J. de C. Sowerby, 1827, dlv, 1. Am. obsoleltis, Simjjson, 1843, 23. Am. regnardi, d'Orbigny, 1844, Lxxii, i, 2. Am. jamesoni angtistus, Quenstedt, 1849, iv, 8. ; Oppel, 1853, II, 4, 5. Am. ignolus, Simpson, 1855, 61. Mgoceras jamesoni ; Wright, 1882, Li, esp. 4 — 6. Dumortieria jamesoni. var. angusta ; Haug, 1887, iv, 6. Ammonites Platvi'leukocekas t jb ■ YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Dec. 3. AMMONITES AUREUS, Simpson (Plate III) Original Description " 34. A[mmonites] aureus. [M. Simpson, 1855, pp. 44, 45.] [" Without a dorsal keel or furrow. " a. No spines." p. 35.] " Volutions 5, exposed, outer whorl J the diameter ; radii numerous, straight, sharp, equaJ to the intervening concave spaces, ornamented [p. 45] with two rows of flattened tubercles ; back rounded, nearly plane ; aperture subquadrate ; diameter i inch. — L. L. ; R. H. Bay [Lower Lias, Robin Hood's Bay]. "This resembles A. Ripleyi, but the outer whorl is narrower, and the radii are much sharper, and more prominent, and have two rows of tubercles ; the ramifications of the septa are very delicate, rounded, and numerous." Additional Details Simpson, 1884, p. 74, none ; p. xxi, entered in Lower Lias 13. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament 5**. The suture-lines are crowded, somewhat intricate, and difficult to follow. They show a general likeness to the pattern of A. maugenesti depicted by d'Orbigny, and also to that of A. regnardi, of the same author. The diameter of No. 107 is 27 mm. The genus is Platypleuroceras, Hyatt (Gen. p. 7), and family Polymorphidae. If the genus is correct, then the geological position given by Simpson is too low : it is probably from Lower Lias y instead. There is a prior Am. aureus, Young & Bird, 1822 ; but Si.mpson's name is a homonym, not a synonym, so it can be retained. Result Platypleuroceras aureum, Simpson sp. 1855 [Charmouthian, about ■jamesoni-zone], Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1909 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES m Fig. I Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Ammonitks aureus, Slmpson, 1855 Whitby Museum, No. i07, Holotjpe; Fig. 1, Side view; Fig. 2, Apeiliiial view ; Fife. 3, Pait of whoii \»iih butuie-lints, x 4 PLATYPLEUROCERAS AUREUM, SIMPSON SP. 1909 AMMONITES AUREUS 3c Comparable Species Am. brevispina, J. de C. Sowerby, 1827, dlvi, i[2]. Am. nalrix rotundus, Quenstedt, 1849, Ceph., iv, 17. Am. grvmbrechti, Schloenbach, 1863, xii, i. Cyloceras molare, Hyatt, 1867, 92. Am. natrix birchoides, Quenstedt, 1884, xxxiii, 5. 4. >- - 4b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Dec. 4. AMMONITES MULGRAVIUS, Young & Bird (Plates IVa, IVb) Original Description [Young & Bird, 1822, p. 251.] " No. 8, PI. XIII, greatly resembles this last shell [a. elegans of Sowerby], and has the same locahties ; but the internal angles of the aperture or spire, instead of being truncate or bevelled, are sharp and rather prominent, the margin of the outer whirl projecting somewhat over the next whirl. There is also a groove, as in a. Hildensis, generally dividing the whirl longitudinally, or rather spirally. This sheh is often pyritous, and of great beauty. As it occurs chiefly on the shores of the Mulgrave estates, we may name it a. Mulgravius." Additional Details Young & Bird, 1828, p. 266. " No. 8, PI. xiii, is a very handsome shell of this family [ammonites with sigmoidal ribs], with ribs approaching to the hook shape, and a sharp keel. The ribs are broader than the spaces between them ; and these spaces are often like deep furrows, grooved out between the ribs. The aperture is somewhat sagittate ; and the inner edge of each whirl overhangs part of the next whirl. This noble ammonite, which sometimes exceeds 10 inches in diameter, we have named A. Mulgravius, as we found it first on the shores of the Mulgrave estates, in has bands." [P. 267.] " All these sigmoidal ammonites are keeled. Some of them have often a depressed line in the side of each whirl ; particularly A. Mulgravius. The chambers of this last sometimes contain mineral oil : they are also found lined with pearl spar, and containing here and there large crystals of calcareous spar." Remarks Stages, conch, between serpenticone and oxycone ; periphery, 3c ; ornament, 4c. For evidence as to size of the type-specimen and its amount of umbilication see A. exaratus, p. 5b: Young & Bird's figure is much reduced, and the drawing of the umbihcus quite misleading. The specimen has a septicarina ; and there is at least half a whorl of body-chamber. The inner whorls show swellings — the stage of the furcating ribs, which precedes the stage of single falciforms. The genus is Harpoceras, Waagen (Gen. p. 7) — family Hildoceratidae ; and the geological position, according to Simpson, (1884, 109, xii) is Upper Lias, 5b. Result Harpoceras mulgravium. Young & Bird, sp., 1822, Whitbian, falcifenim-zone, Mulgrave, about 6 miles N.W. of Whitby. 1909 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES IVa Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites mulgravius, Young & Bird, 1822 Whitby Museum, No. 205, Holotype— Specimen figd. PI. XIII, f. 8 Fig. I, Side view; Fig. 2, Apertural view; both x 0.5 HARPOCERAS MULGRAVIUM, Young & Bird sp. 1909 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES IVb Fig. I Ammonites mulgravius, Young & Bird, 1822 Whitby Museum, No. 205, Holotype — Specimen figd. PI. XIII, f. 8 Fig. I, Side view (portion), nat. size. Diameter is 235 mm. HARPOCERAS MULGRAVIUM, Young & Bird sp. 1909 AMMONITES MULGRAVIUS 4c Comparable Species Am. falcifer, J. Sowerby, 1820, ccLiv, 2 ; see C. Thompson, " Naturalist," 1909, PI. xiv, i and [3], p. 214. Am. serpentinus ; d'Orbigny, 1844, lv. Leioceras serpentinum ; Bayle, 1878, lxxxviii, 7. Harpoceras serpentinum ; Wright, 1882, LViii, fig. reduced. H. fellenbergi, Hug, 1898, iv, 3. H. serpentinum ; Hug, v, i. 5- exaratus, Ammonites Harpoceras 5b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Dec. S. AMMONITES EXARATUS, Young & Bird (Plate V) Original Description [Young & Bird, 1828, p. 266.] " We have a smaller shell nearly corresponding with this [A. Mul- gravius], but having the inner angle of each whirl sloping backward, instead of projecting forward, and showing considerably less of the inner whirls. This ammonite has also the grooved furrows more uniformly marked ; and hence we have named it A. exaratus." Remarks No figure was given. Stages, conch, between serpenticone and oxycone ; periphery, 3c ; ornament, 4c to 3c. There is a septicarina ; the umbilical edge is not undercut, but steeply bevelled ; there is about half-a-whorl of body-chamber, the specimen being, apparently, complete. There are the following stages of development : — (i) the furcating rib stage in the umbilicus ; (2) the single rib, falciform stage ; (3) the finer rib stage, less falciform. The species may be admitted into the genus Harpoceras, Waagen (Gen p. 7'), but differs from the typical series of the genus by not having an undercut umbilical edge, and by beginning to lose the strong falci- form character of ribbing. The geological position, according to Simpson, is " U.L. 7, rather abundant in the Jet Rock " (1884, 107). Result Harpoceras exaratum, Young & Bird, sp., 1828, Whitbian, exaratum- zone, near Whitby. 1909 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES V Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites exaratus, Young & Bird, 1828 Whitby Museum, No. 202, Holotype Fig. I, Side view; Fig. 2, Peripheral view HARPOCERAS EXARATUM, YouNG & Bird, sp. igog AMMONITES EXARATUS 5c Comparable Species Harpoceras exaratum ; Blake, 1876, 11, 5, has a smaller umbilicus than the subject. H. exaratum ; Wright, Mon., 1882, LXii, 1-3, is a form more cata- genetic than the subject — a further development of stage 3, with a smaller umbilicus. It is in the same degree of development as Am. elegans, J. Sowerby, 1815, xciv, i, which, however, may possess a more triangulate aperture. Harpoceras lythense ; Hug, 1898, in, i. 6. resupinatus, Ammonites aoassiceras Cb YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Dec. 6. AMMONITES RESUPINATUS, Simpson (Plate VI) Original Description " 22. A[mmonites] resupinatus. \M.. Simpson, 1843, pp. 15, 16.] [" I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow. " a. No spines." p. 7.] " Depressed ; volutions 5, exposed, radii on the outer whorls sharp, prominent, bend from the aperture, separated by wide concave spaces, form sharp points on the outer margin of the whorl, nearly obsolete on the back, absent on the inner whorls ; striae numerous, distinct, rather bent, shell thick ; aperture quadrate ; diameter i inch. " This species is smooth and shining, both on the cast and where the shell remains. The block from whence it was extracted is in [p. 16] the Whitby Museum, and was procured from the lower Lias at Robin Hood's Bay." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, p. 43, the same ; 1884, p. 73 omits " depressed," adds " Ind. 23." Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, 2 ; ornament 2, jumping to 5, the inner whorls showing a finely-striate stage. The genus would be Agassiceras, Hyatt (Gen. p. H) — family Arietidae. The geological position given by Simpson is above the semicosfatus bed : this seems rather too high. Blake, 1876, 288, says, " Zone of A. Bucklandi." Result. Agassiceras resupinatum, Simpson, sp., 1843, Sinemurian [gnnien- dense-zone\, Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1909 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES VI Fig. I Fig. 2 Fig- 3 Ammonites resupinatus, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 96, Holotype Fig I, Side view; Fig. 2, Peripheral view; both nat. size Fig. 3, Approximate delineation of two septal margins, X 3 / AGASSICERAS RESUPINATUM. Simpson sp. 1909 AMMONITES RESUPINATVS 6c Comparable Species Am. satizeanus, d'Orbigny, 1844, xcv, 4, 5. Am. halecis, J. Buckman, 1844, xi, 9 ; refig. Pal. U., 1904, 26. Am. spinaries, Quenstedt, 1856, Jura, vii, 4, and 1883, xi, 8 — 14. .4»j. riparius, Oppel, 1862, XL, 2. Arietites sauzeanus ; Wright, 1878, PI. viii, spp. varr. ; i, 2 has resupinate ribs, but appears to be too stout. 7- DENNVI Ammonites oxynoticeras 7b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Dec. 7. AMMONITES DENNYI, Simpson (Plate VII) Original Description "7. A[mmonites] Dennyi. [M. Simpson, 1843, pp. 9, 10.] [" I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow. " a. No spines." p. 7.] " Volutions 3, inner ones J concealed, outer whorl about J the diameter ; sides flatted, back obscurely triangular ; radii few, nearly obsolete ; sulci or constrictions regular, small, distant, straight, diverging, distinct on the inner margin of the whorl, obsolete on the back ; aperture subquadrate ; diameter i inch. " This small Ammonite is from the lower lias at Robin Hood's Bay. Considering its small size, it is rather a thick species. The [p. 10] constrictions are generally obsolete on the back, but in some places they are visible ; they are then observed to make a sudden bend towards the aperture. It is smooth and shining, and of a bronze colour. " In naming this species, I have great pleasure in the recollection of Mr. H. Denny, Keeper of the Leeds Museum, whose pencil has long been employed in illustrating the minutest part of animated nature, and whose talents and devotedness to Natural Science do honour to the institution with which he is connected." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, 38, has, instead of 3rd par., " Var. without con- strictions " ; 1884, 66, in ist par., after " triangular," has " or round " ; after "subquadrate " has " or ovate " ; adds to 2nd par., " ind. band 3." Remarks Stages, conch, spha;rocone, and incipient oxycone ; periphery, i ; ornament, i and incipient 5. The septal margin is extremely simple, there being only a Goniatitic lobe-line, with serrated edges. The sides show L' and L^, both very short. Of the three examples figured, i and 2 agree with Simpson's measure- ment ; but fig. I seems to agree best with his description : therefore it is presumably the holotype. The general appearance of the specimens suggests the genus Cym- bites, Neumayr ; but in fig. i, marked by the arrow, is an auriculoid, a specialized tuberculate development (Introd., p. ix), which may be marked as sj. Quenstedt illustrates how .-1. riparius, Oppel, which is in stage 5, and might be reckoned as an Agassiceras, develops into A. auritulus, stage 5! (Amm. Schwab, xxiv, 13 — 16). Agassiceras shows the development of stage 2 into 5 (see No. 6). But A. dennyi develops stage i into 5! direct. However, the auriculoid shows that A. dennyi must be descended from a form that had reached stage 5j, e.g., A. auritulus. A. oxynotus, which Pompeckj has rightly noted as a descendant of riparius ( + auritulus), is even more post-auritulum than A. dennyi, for in its ontogeny it often omits the auriculoid stage : it passes from i to 3c direct, though its ancestors have come through 1909 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES VII Fig. I ^^^^^^^ ^^H I A Fig. 2 *^S^ ^^^ ^^g- 3 Ammonites dennyi, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 470. Fig. i. Side view; ia Peripheral view of Hofotype. Figs. 2, 3, Side views of Paratypes; all x 2 OXYNOTICERAS DENNYI, Simpson sp. igocj AMMONITES DENNY I 7c all up to 5t and 4c. Pompeckj has noted the presence of auriculoids in certain Oxynoticeras species (p. 274). Thus A. dennyi, with its auricu- loid, is not a primitive form, but a decadent — a post-auritulum, pre- oxynotum Oxynoticeras, Hyatt (Gen. p. H) ; and its contracted body- chamber is not a gerontic sign : it is normal growth from sphaerocone towards oxycone. The retention of the goniatitic form until the advent of the auriculoid is a case of undue prolongation or retention of larval characters : it is cunctative palingenesis. The jump from stage i to stage 5 is an example of saltative palingenesis ; and the appearance of the auriculoid before the carina is an instance of precedentive pahngenesis. Result O.WNOTiCERAs DENNYI, SiMPSON, sp. 1843, Sincmurian, oxynotum- zone, Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. Comparable Species Am. auritulas, Quenstedt (non A. riparius, Oj^pel), Am. Schwab. Jura, 1884, PI. XXIV, fig. 13 only. Take this as type of A. auritulus. Oxynoticeras oxynotum ; Hyatt, i88q, x, 4, 5, 14 — 20. 8. polyophyllus, Ammonites oxynoticeras 81) YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Dec. 8. AMMONITES POLYOPHYLLUS, Simpson (Plate VIII) Original Description " 71. A[mmonite.s] polyophyllus. [M. Simpson, 1843, p. 39.] [" II. With a keel on the back. "a. Outer whorl broad." p. 31.] " Much depressed ; volutions 5, inner ones very little exposed, outer whorl i the diameter, inner margin rounded, sides convex, then concave ; back thin ; radii obtuse, depressed, waving ; keel sharp, much elevated ; aperture triangular ; diameter 3I inches. " This Ammonite is distinguished by the great number and regularity of the foliations of the septa, which ornament the whole surface of the whorls by their meanderings ; the inner edge of the whorls are rounded, as in A. Simpsoni, and the thin back is greatly produced, so as to be easily knocked off. The radii, in general, are nearly obsolete towards the inner margin of the whorl, and become gradually more distinct towards the back, but a fine specimen in the possession of Mr. Bean is entirely destitute of radii." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, p. 81, "A. polyphyllus," with same description; 1884, p. 117, omits a Httle, but adds " L.L., R. H. Bay [Lower Lias, Robin Hood's Bay]." Remarks Stages, conch, oxycone ; periphery, 2c ; ornament, 3c. The species belongs, at present, to the genus Oxynoticeras, Hyatt (Gen 77), and family Arietidse. It presumably came from the indurated band, Div. 13, (Simpson, 1884, p. xxi). Result Oxynoticeras polyophyllum, Simpson sp. 1843, Sinemurian, [oxynotimt-zone,] Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1909 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES VIII Fig. Fig. 2 Ammonites polyophyllus, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 739, Holotype Fig. I, Side view; Fig. 2, Peripheral view OXYNOTICERAS POLYOPHYLLUM, Simpson sp. 1909 AMMONITES POLYOPHYLLUS 8c Comparable Species Amalthens oxynotus; Wright, Mon. 1881, XLVi, f. 4, 5 only. This appears to be the same species with costal details and peripheral acuteness exaggerated, perhaps by the artist. It is distinct from A. oxynotus, Quenstedt. Ammonites scemanni, Dumortier, 1867, xliii, f. 1, 2 only, appears to be a possible old age derivative of A . polyophyllus. CONTENTS Part II Introduction : Page Ammonite Development xiii Descriptions : 9- A. alternatus Plate IX 10. A. subconcavus .. „ X II. A. boulbiensis .. „ XI 12. A. levisoni .. „ XII 13- A. lythensis .. „ XIII 14. A. rudis ... .. „ XIV 15- A. beani ... .. „ XV 16. A. ambiguus .. „ XVI 17- A. belcheri .. „ XVII 18. A. convolutus .. „ XVIII 19. A. exortus .. „ XIX 20. A. lenticularis .. „ XX 21. A. ignotus .. „ XXI 22. A. elaboratus .. „ XXII 23- N. subcarinatui 5 .. „ XXIII Plates of 9 10, II, were i-ssu ed in Part I text t A No. 23 will be iss jed in next part. CHELTENHAM NORMAN, SAWYER AND CO. LTD., PRINTERS ST. GEORGE'S HALL Mar. 1910 DEVELOPMENT The test ornament of Ammonites is usually considered under two headings : (i) lateral, (2) ventral, areas. The two areas often develop independently ; and so a rather arbitrary separation is a convenience. For the lateral test-ornament (or simply, ornament) of Ammonites, development follows a cycle, which may be shown in diagrammatic form, as under : — Table /// — Ornament Cycle (> 5. tuberculate -v 55 4. costate .A. 1 costate, 4c 1 0 w z M < z < 3, 2, subcostate -A. striate subcostate, 1 -y- striate, 2C 3^ S z w en w -A. I, smooth. IC <-^ 5*, uni-, 5**, bi-, 5***, multi-tuberculate. And the development of a carinate periphery may be similarly tabulated, for comparison ; — Table IV — Periphery Cycle fY 5, carinate and sulcate — >> M Z w (J < z < 1 -V 4, carinate and subsulcate 1 carinate and subsulcate, 4c 4- 3. carinate .A. carinate, 3c 2, angulate angulate, 2C .A. I, arched (more or , IC less) i-" o w z M Stages of anagenesis may be marked by plain numbers ; of cata- genesis by numbers with c attached. So a costate anagenetic stage is 4, and a costate catagenetic, 4c. Then 4 denotes a costate stage increasing in strength and pre-spinous ; but 4c a costate stage decreasing in strength and possibly post-spinous : the change from anagenesis to catagenesis (reverse) may take place at any stage. After anagenesis, instead of continuous catagenesis of ornament, there may be renewed anagenesis following a certain period of cata- genesis (subsidiary cycle). This may be observed in the development of the A. armatus Ammonites from a bituberculate form like A. birchi.^ The phylogeny reads thus— i, 2, 3, 4, 5*, 5**, 5*, 4c, 3c, 4, 5* ; I See also Two Toarcian Amm. ; Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. lix, 1903, 460. XIV YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. though the ontogeny of an armaius Ammonite itself may only reveal I, 2, 5*. The long, smooth stage (i) in young A. armaius may be regarded as an example of cunctative palingenesis. The skip from 2 to 5*, the last 5* of the phylogenetic series, is saltative palingenesis. There are some other apparent exceptions to orderly development. For instance, in the capricom group, instead of the costae accumulating material at only one point, and so each one producing its tubercle, the costae swell greatly all round : there is an exaggerated costate stage which presently breaks up into the bituberculate stage. There is something similar in the jamesoni-senes, where a unituberculate stage passes into an exaggerated costate stage, which is not really a cata- genetic development. Tachygenesis and Palingenesis (Saltative and Cunctative). — ^These phenomena may be observed well in the capricom Ammonites and their sphaerocone developments, the nautiliforms [A. nautiliformis, J. Buckman, A. bechei, Sow., etc.). The capricom stage (serpenticone), with massive annular ribs (really modified 5*), passes again into a sphaerocone stage, with ornament 5** ; and there is constant shortening of the Capricorn stage, earlier development of the nautiliform {tachygenesis), until, in the latest species {A. bechei, etc.), the Capricorn stage is omitted altogether — the Cymbites-siz.gQ (sphaerocone) passes directly into the nautiliform, or secondary sphaerocone {saltative palingenesis). But the young whorls of the nautiliforms retain a smooth sphaerocone stage longer than did the capricoms — cunctative palingenesis. Then the capricorns themselves show saltative palingenesis. The full development exhibited by their predecessor, A. planicosta, is i, 2, 3, 4 ; some capricorns omit stages 2, 3, and jump from i to the strong- ribbed stage 4. The record of developmental stages of ornament among certain genera of Arietidae illustrate tachygenesis and saltative and cunctative palingenesis, as in the following table : — Table V — Development Stages (Ornament) Growth Stages Arnioceras spp. Coroniceras spp. Astero- ceras Oxynoticeras spp. I. II. III. I. II. I. I. II. Gerontic •• •• •• 4c . 3C 2C IC Ephebic 2 4 3 5 5 4c 4c 20 2C Neanic 2 2 4 3 2 5 4 4c 5 4c 3C 4c 2C 3C Nepionic I I 1 I I I 5 I 5 I I I 1910 GEOLOGICAL DETAILS xv Precedentive palingenesis. — ^This term is proposed for the phenomenon of acceleration greater in one character than another, so that a feature of one part which, according to the phylogenetic record, was developed later than a feature of another part, is unduly accelerated, until, in ontogeny of later species, it precedes instead of succeeds. Thus phylogeny may show the ventral carina as a later development than lateral ribs ; but ontogeny of later species may show carina appearing before ribs. In Man, the rapid development of the brain and enlargement of the skull in the embryo would appear to be an instance of precedentive palingenesis. Among Nautiloids the furrow due to whorl-contact (ophiocone stage) appears in the ontogeny of higher forms (nautilicones) before contact takes place. This is either precedentive palingenesis, as regards the furrow, or cunctative palingenesis in undue retention of the cyrto- cone stage. For principles of Ammonite development see Hy.^tt's papers in Proc. Boston Soc, 1867 — 1883, and especially his Genesis Arietidae. There are also remarks in the Editor's Mon. Amm., especially 1905, cxcviii ; and in Schlotheimia, Proc. Cotteswold, xv, 1906, 232 ; and a genealogy in Jur. Time, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, liv, 1898, 451. Geological Details (Lias) The Table overleaf gives the scheme of stages and zones which it is proposed to adopt in the present work for recording the positions of species in the so-called Lias rocks. Simpson's divisions of the York- shire strata are compared, so far as is possible from his information. There are some discrepancies between the statements in his sections and in his descriptions, but they are unimportant. In this table the stratigraphical terms, zone and stage, have been employed. The corresponding chronological terms, hemera and age, are often more useful, particularly hemera. For a zone may contain species which lived during several different hemerae, and the finding of species in a certain zone is no proof of their contemporaneity. The zone in which a specimen is found in the field and the actual date of its existence are two different observations. The thickness of the Lias strata in Yorkshire is estimated by Simpson to be about 800 feet ; but Tate & Blake (Yorkshire Lias, 1876, 194) give reasons for making the total about 1,100 feet. There is a tradition among geologists, often repeated in text-books, that the term " Lias " originated as a word of the Somerset quarrymen — their corruption of " layers." That folk-speech is a corruption of literary speech receives in this, as in many other cases, little support from philology. Prof. Skeat, in his " Etymological Dictionary," says that the word lias is old in French, where it appeared as " liais. Hois, : ' Liais, a very hard free-stone, whereof stone-steps and tombe-stones be commonly made ; ' Cot. Spelt Hois in the 13th cent. (Littre.) Perhaps from Bret, liach, leach, a stone. Cf. Gael, leac, a flat stone, W. llech." So lias, accordmg to this account, is a form of the word which occurs in place names like Llechryd, Lechlade, Lec^hampton, 'Koithleach. Through the Celtic custom of dropping initial p, the words llech, leac, etc., are cognate with Greek 7rAa|, Latin planca : see Fick, " Worterbuch," 1891. YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 1910 TABLE V I—STRATIGRAPHY (Stages, Zones, and Yorkshire Lias Strata) Stage Zone Simpson's Divisions (1884, ix — xxiii) Stratal Terms ( Yorkshire) z moorei < Dumortieria . . ^ 1 Yellow and Grey .J , 1 Sands. >^ dispansum 0 struckmanni Striatulus shales. "^ striatulum 'variabilis [ Div. I s lilli J braunianum " ^ - Alum shale. < fibulatum p P"/ subcarinatum . . / 55 pseudovatum . ■ • 2,3,4 ' falciferum .. 5a, 5b, 6 Hard shale. exaratum 7 Jet Rock. .tenuicostatum . 8 Grey shale. 5 /"acutum a — e ^ Ironstone Series 2 spinatum . . J or g margantatum . /- ? - ,2 Kettleness Beds. 0 1 ^ Sandy micaceous Beds X \^algovianum r — V ■g or Staithes Beds, capricornum w — y 1 S or Marlstone. Z < striatum . . a — d ' e — s valdani t — X . Ironstone Series. ^(jamesoni \ 0:: <; pettum . [•• y, z. I iS a u armatum . . . 1 J raricostatum . 2 — 5 0) oxynotum .. 6-15 J z stellare } 16 — 23 1-4 Indurated Bands. ;< 2 obtusum . . birchi [? absent] semicostatum . 24, 25 00 gmuendense 26, 27 rotiforme g, /marmorea ;< megastoma K J planorbis < \ Ostrea beds H „, H Pleuromya beds X ^Modiola beds ^Iii Jur. Time, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. liv, 18 ought really to be r-ckoneci as Trias. 442, it was suggested that the strata of Hettaiigian ) I Systematic Generic Names 9. alteratus, Ammonites Harpoceratoides Ob YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES ' "Mar. 1910 g. AMMONITES ALTERNATUS, Simpson (Plate IX) Original Description " 82. A[MM0NITES] ALTERNATUS. [M. SiMPSON, 184J, pp. 4J, 44.] [" II. With a keel on the back. " a. Outer whorl broad." p. 31.] " Depressed ; volutions 4 or 5, inner ones J concealed, [p. 44] sides flatted, a row of obtuse depressions near the inner margin, which is sloping, outer whorl | the diameter ; radii numerous, twice bent ; keel sharp, entire ; aperture acutely triangular ; diameter 3 inches. This ammonite may be easily distinguished from A. elegans, A. exaratus, and others of a similar form, by the depressions upon the inner margin of the whorls, as well as by the less breadth of the outer whorl, and by its being thicker towards the back ; also, where the shell remains, there may be observed very slender radii in the furrows, on which account it has received the above name. I have seen only one specimen, it was obtained by T. Crosby, from the jet rock at Hawsker Bottoms." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, pp. 86, 87, instead of last sentence has " Jet-rock ; U.L." (87) ; 1884, PP- 123, 124, adds to first par. " U.L. 7 " (124). Remarks Stages, conch, between serpenticone and oxycone ; periphery, 3c ; ornament, mainly 3c. There is a septicarina ; in the side view the partition-band ends where the keel is seen to begin : the rest of the keel has been broken off. The rib-curve and other characters distinguish the species from Harpoceras, and make a new generic name, Harpoceratoides, necessary (Gen. p. 7/). Result Harpoceratoides alternatus, Simpson sp. 1843, Whitbian, exara- tum-zone, Hawsker Bottom, near Whitby. igog YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES IX Fig. I Fig 2 Ammonites alternatus, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 338, Holotype Fig. I, Side view; Fig. 2, Apertural view, keel broken off HARPOCERATOIDES ALTERNATUS, SIMPSON SP. igio AMMONITES ALTERNATUS gc Comparable Species Am. strangewaysi, J. Sowerby, 1820, CCLIV, i, 3. Am. ovatns, Young & Bird, 1822, xiii, 4. Harpoceras kisslingi. Hug, 1898, iv, 2. lO. SUBCONCAVUS, Ammonites PsEUDOLIOCEKAS lob YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 1910 10. AMMONITES SUBCONCAVUS, Young & Bird (Plate X) Original Description [Young & Bird, 1828, p. 266.] " No. 5, PI. XIII, also from the lias bands, very nearly coincides with A. concavus, Tab. 94.2, [Sowerby] having a round cavity in the centre, and ribs nearly in the shape of reaping hooks. It is, however, thicker at the back, and has the keel less prominent ; and the aperture is not triangular or sagittate, but oblong quadrate. As it differs in these respects from Sowerby's shell, we may name it A. subconcavus." Additional Details Young & Bird, 1822, p. 251, had described this species as A. con- cavus, Sowerby (see No. 11), and figured it PI. xiii, fig. 5, of that edition. Remarks Stages, conch becoming oxycone ; periphery, 4c ; ornament, 4c. The sides of whorls are convergent from about the umbilical border ; thus the aperture is really somewhat sagittate : some dislocations are answerable for Young & Bird's description, and for the appearance of the aperture now. The septate keel is lost ; there are small furrows beside it. The genus is Pseudolioceras, S. Buckman, 1888, p. 81, family Hildo- ceratidae. The geological position, Simpson says, is " U.L. 6," (1884, 111). Result Pseudolioceras subconcavum. Young & Bird sp., 1828, Whitbian, falciferum-zone, near Whitby. 1909 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES X Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites subconcavus, Young & Bird, 1828 Whitby Museum, No. 214, Holotype— Specimen Figd. PI. XIII, f. 5 Fig. I, Side view; Fig. 2, Apertural view PSEUDOLIOCERAS SUBCONCAVUM, Young & Bird sp. 1910 AMMONITES SUBCONCAVUS loc Comparable Species Harpoceras simile ; Blake, 1876, i, 4. H. caecilia ; Id. 11, 6. H. subconcavum ; Id. viii, 8. And for ref. to various spp. of Pseudolioceras, see S. Buckman, Men., iqo4, p. clviii. ii. boulbiensis, Ammonites pseudolioceras lib YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 7910 II. AMMONITES BOULBIENSIS, Young & Bird (Plate XI) Original Description [Young & Bird, 1822, p. 252.] " [P. 251] No. 5, PI. XIII, also from the aluminous strata, appears to be [p. 252] a small specimen of Sowerby's . concavtis, Tab. 94, fig. 2. [A. subconcavus, 1828, see No. 10]. It has a faint spiral furrow on one side. — We have another shell with the same kind of strong waved ribs, but having the internal angles of the aperture sharp, as in No. 8 [A. mulgravius, No. 4]. This species, which is also from the alum shale, and which is not figured, may be named a. Boulbiensis. Additional Details Young & Bird, 1828, p. 267. — " To another shell [than A. Lythensis], of which the umbihcus, or central cavity, has sloping sides, we have given the name A. Boulbiensis. Its ribs are rather prominent, as in A. subconcavus, of which it may possibly be a variety." Remarks Stages, conch, oxycone ; periphery, 3c ; ornament, 3c — about sub- costate, really sort of semicostate or striicostate. The genus is Pseudolioceras, S. Buckman, 1888, p. 81. The geological position, Simpson says, is " U.L., i," (1884, 109). Result Pseudolioceras boulbiense, Young & Bird sp., 1822, Whitbian, [perhaps braunianum-zone], near Whitby. 1909 YORKSHIRE TYPE A MMONITES Fig I Fig 2 Ammonites boulbiensis, Young & Bird, 1822 Whitby Museum, No. 213, Holotype Fig. 1, Side view; Fig. 2, Apertural view PSEUDOLIOCERAS BOULBIENSE, YouNG & Bird sp 1910 AMMONITES BOULBIENSIS iic Comparable Species Harpoceras compactilie ; Blake, 1876, viii, 6. Am. wiirttenbergeri, Denckmann, 1887, i, i ; iv, 7. And see Nos. 10, 13. 12. levisoni, Ammonitks HiLDOCEKAS r2b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 12. AMMONITES LEVISONI, Simpson (Plate XII) Original Description " 105. A[mmonites] Levisoni. [M. Simpson, 1843, p. 54.] [" III. Keel between two furrows," p. 48. " b. Furrows distinct." p. 50. J "This ammonite much resembles the last {A. walcottii, Sow., A. hildensis, Young & Bird], of which it may possibly be only a variety ; the sides of the whorls are more rounded, the inner margin more depressed, and the groove on the side is wanting ; the radii also are finer and more numerous, and commence at or near the inner margin of the whorl : the shell is thin, smooth, and shining ; the keel is sharp, and it has altogether a much more elegant appearance than the last : it occurs in the marlstone and ironstone series. I have named this ammonite in remembrance of my mineralogical friend, Mr. Levison, whose friend- ship for all lovers of science is warm and disinterested." A dditional Details Simpson, 1855, jjp. 99, 100. — " 184. levisoni. Simp. — Volutions 5, inner ones but [p. 100] httle concealed, outer whorl \ the diameter, inner edge rounded ; radii sigmoidal, obtuse, equal to the intervening concave spaces ; keel entire, furrow on either side distinct ; aperture ovate ; diameter ij inches." Simpson, 1884, p. 140, the same. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, 4 ; ornament, 4c. The carina appears to be non-septate ; the ribs run more or less distinctly across sloping inner margin from contact hne ; they are some times almost connate in inner whorls. The genus is Hildoceras, Hyatt, 1867 — family Hildoceratidae. The geological position is, in spite of what Simpson says, probably the Hard Shale. Blake (1876, 307) assigns it to his serpentinuni zone ; but his identification of the species is not to be trusted, nor are others. Simpson's phrase, " radii commence at or near inner margin," was mis- leading : it is only partially correct, unless, as is hkely, he meant in this case the line of contact. Result Hildoceras levisoni, Simpson sp., 1843, Whitbian [falciferutn zone ?], near Whitby. 1910 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XII Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites levisoni, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 310, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view HILDOCERAS LEVISONI, Simpson sp 1910 AMMONITES LEVISONI I2C Comparable Species Argonauta serpeniinus, Reinecke, 1818, figs. 74, 75. Am. borealis, Seebach, 1864, vii, 5. Am. serpentimts ; Meneghini, 1867, III, i. Am. serpentinus ; Quenstedt, 1885, xliv, 5, 6. Hildoceras serpentinum ; S. Buckman, 1889, p. 201, figd. in C. Thompson, Naturalist, 1909, xiii, bottom fig. Ammonites pseudoliocekas I3b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 13. AMMONITES LYTHENSIS, Young & Bird (Plate XIII) Original Description [Young & Bird, 1828, pp. 266, 267.] "Another species, larger than the last [A. impendens], but smaller than A. Mulgravius, has like it sigmoidal ribs, but less regular, and less curved. A very small part of the inner whirls is displayed, and the interior edge [p. 267] of each whirl being rectangular, the central part appears like a small round pit, with perpendicular sides. To this species we have given the name A. Lythensis." Remarks Stages, conch, oxycone ; periphery, 3c ; ornament, 4c. There is a septicarina, which is not prominent : the partition-band is set on a rounded periphery, but the mark of the band is not very plain : it can be seen in lower part of fig. 2. Genus Pseudolioceras, S. Buckman, 1888, 81, — family Hildoceratidse. Geological position according to Simpson, Alum shale, Upper Lias (i), Peak (1884, 109). Result Pseudolioceras lythense. Young & Bird sp., 1828, Whitbian [probably braunianum-zone], near Whitby. 1910 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XIII Fig. I Ammonites lythensis, Young & Bird, 1828 Whitby Museum, No. 208, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Apertural view ; both x 0.92 PSEUDOLIOCERAS LYTHENSE, Young & Bi RD SP. 1910 AMMONITES LYTHENSIS 13c Comparable Species Am. exaralus ; Phillips, 1820, xiii, 7. Am. concavus ; d'Orbigny, 1845, cxvi. Am. compactilis, Simpson, 1855, 75. Am. beyrichi, Schlcenbach, 1865, xxvii, 4, Harpoceras lythense ; Blake, 1876, 11, 4. H. compactilis ; Id., viii, 6. H. lythense ; Wright, 1882, LXII, 4-6. Am. lythensis ; Quenstedt, 1885, XLiii, 3. Am. lythensis falcatiis ; Id., XLiii, i. And see Nos. 10, 11. 14- KUDIS, Ammonites Denckmannia 14b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 14. AMMONITES RUDIS, Simpson (Plate XIV) Original Description " 83. A[mmonites] rudis. [M. Simpson, 1843, p. 44.] [" II. With a keel on the back." p. 31. . " b. Outer whorl narrower." p. 44.] " Depressed ; volutions 4 or 5, inner ones ^ concealed ; radii strong, straight, then turn towards the aperture, equal to the concave spaces between ; aperture roundish ; diameter, 2J inches." " This is an extremely rugged shell ; the outer whorls are only slightly indented by the succeeding ones. Near the inner margin of the whorls are coarse irregular swellings, from whence proceed two radii, which are occasionally separated by other radii, but with the greatest irregularity. I have seen only one specimen, the shell of which is thick, the keel is broken off, and the siphuncle is well displayed." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, 87, the same ; 1884, 124, adds " U. L." Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, 4c ; ornament, 5. The degree of tuberculation, the irregularity and coarseness of costation, place this species between Am. robustus, Denckmann, and Am. malagma, Dumortier (I, A, B, y — S. Buckman, Mon., p. x) ; so it falls into the genus Denckmannia, S. Buckman (Id. xvii). The sHghtly flexed character of ribbing noticed for this division of Denckmannia is a feature of a later stage of growth than the present specimen shows. Result Denckmannia rudis, Simpson sp., 1843, Whitbian [variabilis-zone], near Whitby. 7910 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XIV Fig. 2 Fig. I Ammonites rudis, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 251, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Apertural view, septicarina broken off DENCKMANNIA RUDIS, Simpson sp. 1910 AMMONITES RUDIS 14c Comparable Species Am. malagma, Dumortier, 1874, xxii, i — some slight differences. Am. robustus, Denckmann, 1887, vii, i. Denckmannia? malagma; S. Buckman, 1898, iv, i, — exact agree- ment in proportions, almost exact in ornament. D. tumefacta, Id., i, 7-10, — is much more regular in its style of ornament, has a smaller umbilicus and stouter whorls. 15- BEANII, Ammonites Haugia. i5b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 15. AMMONITES BEANII, Simpson (Plate XV) Original Description " 65. A[mmonites] Beanii. [M. Simpson, 1843, p. 36.] "[ II. With a keel on the back." " a. Outer whorl broad." p. 31.] " Depressed ; volutions 4 or 5, inner ones much concealed, outer whorl nearly ^ the diameter, sides flattish, with a row of tubercles along the inner margin ; radii twice bent ; aperture ovate ; diameter 4 inches. " This may be readily distinguished from the rest, which have sigmoidal radii, by the row of tubercles on the inner margin of the whorl. I have named it in honour of my friend Mr. W. Bean, of Scarborough, who has long been distinguished as an ardent lover of natural science, and whose indefatigable labours have brought to light a great many interesting fossils of the Yorkshire Coast. I believe it to be from some bed near the jet rock." /iaamonai uetaus Simpson, 1855, jj, instead of last sentence adds a description of another specimen ; 1884, 113, the same, but adds " U. L., i. Peak." Remarks Stages, conch, oxycone ; periphery, 3c ; ornament, 5. The partition- band (fig. 2) indicates a strong, high septicarina. The combination of such a carina with flexiradii is found in Am. illustris, Denckmann, provisionally attributed to Haugia, (S. Buckman, Mon., p. xi, and 1888, 45). The geological position is, presumably, just below the striatulus- shales. The fragment of a small specimen attached is comparable with Brodiceras curvum, S. Buckman, 1898, xxxii. Result Haugia beanii, Simpson sp., 1843, Whitbian [variahilis-zont], Peak, near Whitby. 1910 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XV Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites beanii, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 291, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view, septicarina broken off HAUGIA BEANII, Simpson sp. 1910 AMMONITES BEANIl VV- Comparable Species Am. illuslris, Denckmann, 1887, vi, i ; v, 2. Harpoceras variabilis ; Wright, 1882, LXViii, which is type of Denckmannia aspera, S. Buckman, 1898, p. xxi. D. torquata. Id., 1898, iii, 4-6. D. obtecta. Id., 1898, iv, 4-6. i6b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. i6. AMMONITES AMBIGUUS, Simpson (Plate XVI) Original Description " 3. A[mmonites] ambiguus. [M. Simpson, 1843, p. 8.] [" I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow. " a. No spines." p. 7.] " Much depressed ; volutions 4, inner ones Vo concealed, outer whorl more than half the diameter ; radii twice bent, numerous, faint ; aperture ovate ; diameter 2 J inches. This differs from the next [A. erratus] in the faintness of the radii, and in the regular convexity of the sides of the whorls ; it is also thinner near the back, and the upper edge of the inner margin of the whorl projects over the inner one. The markings on the shell, which is very thin, differ very little from those on the cast. The stria bend in the same direction as the radii. I beheve it to be from the lower lias. Another specimen I obtained from the lower beds of Marlstone at Robin Hood's Bay-" Additional Details Simpson, 1855, p. 36, — instead of second par. has, " The markings on the shell, which is very thin, differ very little from those on the cast. L. L. — R. H. Bay." Simpson, 1884, p. 64, describes the shell as " A. loscombei, Sow.," and says, " L. L., w, R. H. Bay, Huntcliff," but enters A. loscombei in t in p. xx. Remarks Stages, conch, oxycone ; periphery, 2(c ?) ; ornament, 2C. There is no true carina, but a sharpened periphery crossed by small ribs, having therefore a crenulate appearance. There are signs of phylliform septation. Genus, Rhacoceras, Aga.ssiz, in Hyatt, 1867, 86. Geological position, w = capricornum zone, t = valdani zone : A. loscombei-Wke forms have this range, but the higher zone {w) seems most probable in this case. Result Rhacoceras ambiguum, Simpson sp., 1843, Charmouthian \capri- cornum-zone ?], Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1910 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XVI Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites ambiguus, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 89, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Apertural view RHACOCERAS AMBIGUUM, Simpson sp. 19W AMMONITES AMBIGUUS i6c Comparable Species Am. loscombei, J. Sowerby, 1817, clxxxiii. Am. loscombei ; d'Orbigny, 1844, Lxxv, i, 2. PhyUoceras loscombei ; Wright, 1880, XL, 4, 5, stouter than Sowerby's. P. paiicicostatum, Pompeckj, 1893, ill, 2. -a species much i 17- belcheri, Ammonites Caloceras lyb YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 17. AMMONITES BELCHERI, Simpson (Plate XVII) Original Description " 13. A[mmomtes] Belcheri. [M. Simpson, 1843, p. 12.] [" I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow. " a. No spines." p. 7.] " Depressed ; volutions 6 or 7, exposed, rather flat on the sides, back rounded ; radii straight, prominent, obsolete on the back, separated by concave spaces ; aperture squarish ; diameter, i^ inch. " The smoothness and elegance of this beautiful shell reminds me of the politeness and urbanity of H. Belcher, Esq., President of the Whitby Philosophical Society, whose love for natural science, also, entitles him to a grateful remembrance. It is from the lower Lias, and may be readily distinguished from A. gagateus and others by the smooth back." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, p. 43, omits " depressed," adds, after " prominent," " obtuse," has, instead of second par., " A cast, L. L. ; R. H. Bay [Lower Lias, Robin Hood's Bay]" ; 1884, p. 72, adds after name, " Pal., pi. xv., f. 7 " [Wright's, Mon. Lias Amm.]. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 4. The inner whorls up to about 5 mm. diameter are smooth ; there is just the slightest sign of angulation of the periphery, and across it, in a strong light, can be seen very small ribs and intermediate striae, with forward bends. The body chamber is half of the last whorl. Though Simpson says the specimen is a cast, yet there is a thin film of test on the air-chambers, obscuring the suture-Hnes. The pattern can only be followed approximately. It is simple, like that given by d'Orbigny for A. torus, with oblique L'-, L' : the EL is slightly displaced. Genus, Caloceras, Hyatt, 1870, 29, — family Caloceratidas, S. Buckman, 1906, 233. The geological position would be just above the planorbis-zone. Result Caloceras belcheri, Simpson sp., 1843, Hettangian [megastoma- zone], Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1910 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XVII Fig. I Fig 2 -^^.^ Fig- 3 Ammonites belcheri, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. loi, Holotype ; Fig. i. Side view ; Fig. 2, Aper- tural view ; Fig. 3, Approximate delineation of suture line, x 4. CALOCERAS BELCHERI, Simpson sp. WW AMMONITES BELCHERI 17c Comparable Species Am. johnstonii, J. de C. Sowerby, 1824, ccccxLix, i. Am. intermedius, Portlock, 1843, p. 137, fig. 17. Am. torus, d'Orbigny, 1844, liii. .Egoceras belcheri ; Wright, 1879, XV, 7, 8 ; 1880, xix, I, 2. .Hg. torus ; Id., 1880, xix, 3, 4. Arietites orthoptychus, Wahner, 1886, xxvii, 2. 1 8. convolutus, Ammonites Caloceras i8b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. i8. AMMONITES CONVOLUTUS, Simpson (Plate XVIII) Original Description " 29. A[mmonites] convolutus. [M. Simpson, 1855, p. 43.] ["I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow. " a. No spines." p. 35]. " Volutions 5, exposed ; radii strong, waving, rather obliquely inclined towards the aperture, obsolete on the back and inner whorls ; aperture round ; diameter six-tenths in. — L.L., R. H. Bay [Lower Lias, Robin Hood's Bay] " — [Simpson, 1884, p. 73, practically the same]. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i, almost 2 ; ornament, 4. Inner whorls smooth to about 4mm. diam., periphery almost angulate, crossed by forwardly arched ribs and striae — all very faint. Suture line apparently like that of A. belcheri [xvii, 3], but difficult to follow. Genus, Caloceras, Hyatt, 1870, 29 ; and family Caloceratidse. Geological position presumably just above planorbis-zone. Result Caloceras convolutum, Simpson sp., 1855, Hettangian, [mega- stonta zone ?], Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1910 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XVIII Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites convolutus, Simpsom, 1855 Whitby Museum, No. 491, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view ; both x 1.5 CALOCERAS CONVOLUTUM, Simpson sp. 79/0 AMMONITES CONVOLUTUS i8c Comparable Species Am. psilnotus plicatus, Quenstedt, 1852, xxvii, 6 ; 1883, i, 13. Arietites semicostulatus ; Wahner, 1886, xxvii, 10-12. And see 17c ; but the forward directed ribs (prorsiradii) of A. convolutus are its distinction. igb YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 19. AMMONITES EXORTUS, Simpson (Plate XIX) Original Description " 31. A[mmonites] exortus. [M. Simpson, 1855, p. 44.] ["I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow. "a. No spines." p. 35.] " Volutions 5, exposed, outer whorl more than I the diameter ; radii prominent, strong, annular, separated by concave spaces ; aperture subquadrate ; diameter, i inch and three-tenths. "The aperture is nearly square, and on the outer angles of the whorls the radii, in places, have slight tubercles. Mr. Clarkson's Col. L.L. ; R. H. Bay [Lower Lias, Robin Hood's Bay]." [Simpson, 1684, 73 — the same.] Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 4, passing to 5. Genus, Echioceras, Bayle, 1878 ; and in family arrangement Echioceras should, perhaps, stand as a forerunner of the Hildoceratidae. This species shows the stage of phylogeny in Echioceras before the develop- ment of the carina — the ornament has attained stage 5 before carina appears. Geological position would be, presumably, about Indurated Band 13. Of the specimens figured (Whitby Museum, No. 645), the larger one, though slightly less than Simpson's dimensions, is reasonably concluded to be his holot3^e ; the other a paratype. Result Echioceras exortum, Simpson sp., 1855, Sinemurian [oxynotum zone ?1, Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1910 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XIX Fig. I Fig. 2 F'g- 3 Ammonites exortus, Simpson, 1855 Whitby Museum, No. 645 ; Fig. i, Side view (of Holotype ?) ; Fig. 2, Side view of a Paratype ; Fig. 3, Peripheral view of the same ECHIOCERAS EXORTUM, Simpson sp. 19W AMMONITES EXORTUS 19c Comparable Species Am. raricostatus, Zieten, 1831, xiii, 4. Echioceras raricostatum ; Bayle, 1878, LXXVii, 2, 3. Am. raricostatus microdiscus, Quenstedt, 1884, xxiv, 6. i 20. lenticularis, Ammonites Amaltheus 2ob YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 20. AMMONITES LENTICULARIS, Young & Bird (Plate XX) Original Description [Young & Bird, 1828, p. 269.] " The last shell of this family [thin discoid ammonites, with sharp keels] which we shall name is more lenticular than any that we have seen. The exterior part of the whirl runs to a thin edge, plain or very faintly crenated ; the sides are smooth, or marked with very faint undulating Unes ; the central part is an umbilicus, with upright sides, the inner whirls being scarcely visible ; and the aperture forms a triangle, of which the outer angle is extremely acute, owing to the thinness of the edge. This rare species, found in the lias bands, may fitly be termed A. lenticularis." Remarks Stages, conch, oxycone ; periphery, 2c ; ornament, ic. A few small portions of complicated suture-hnes are to be seen : they show narrow-stemmed lobes, the laterals tridactyloid. There is general agreement with the suture-hne of Amaltheus (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, 1889, xlv, 4, 5) ; shape and indications of a crenulate keel agree with that ; but the very slight projection of the radial Hne on the periphery and the comparative smoothness of test are against Amaltheus. If it be an Amaltheus, it is a very catagenetic form. Its geological position is Middle Lias e (Simpson, 1884, 115). Result Amaltheus lenticularis. Young & Bird sp., 1828, Domerian, spinatum zone, near Whitby. 1910 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites lenticularis, Young & Bird, 1828 Whitby Museum, No. 218, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Apertural view AMALTHEUS LENTICULARIS, Young & Bird sp. 1910 AMMONITES LENTICULARIS 20c Comparable Species Ammonites amaltheus Icevis, Quenstedt, 1858, xx, 5 ; 1885, XLiii, 1-5. Amaltheus ferrugineus ; Blake, 1876, vii, 5. A. Icnticidaris ; Wright, 1884, LXXXII, 14, 15. A. margaritatiis var. IcBvis ; Geyer, 1893, iii, 20. And see A. reliciduris. No. Ic- 21. IGNOTUS, Ammonites Uptonia 2ib YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 21. AMMONITES IGNOTUS, Simpson (Plate XXI) Original Description " 82. A[mmonites] ignotus. [M. Simpson, 1855, p. 61.] [" I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow." p. 35. " b. Armed with spines or distinct tubercles." p. 58.] " Volutions nearly J concealed, outer whorl nearly \ the diameter, sides flattish ; radii numerous, obtuse, equal to the intervening concave spaces, slightly curved towards the aperture, form a row of tubercles on the outer margin of the whorl, then pass undivided over the rounded back ; aperture elliptical ; diameter 2^ inches. Inner whorls imperfect. — L.L. ; R.H. Bay. Mr. Ripley's Col." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, p. 94. — " L.L., y, R.H. Bay " ; omits rest of the second par. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 5*. Genus Uptonia, S. Buckman, 1898, 453, — family Polymorphidae. Result Uptonia ignota, Simpson sp., 1855, Charmouthian, jamesoni-zone, Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1910 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Fig. 2 Fig. I Ammonites ignotus, Simpson, 1855 Whitby Museum, No. 159, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view UPTONIA IGNOTA, Simpson sp. 1910 AMMONITES IGNOTUS arc Comparable Species Am. jamesoni ; Quenstedt, 1884, xxxi, 6-8. Am. jamesoni costosus. Id., xxxi, 12. Am. jamesoni ; Haug, 1887, v, i ; and suture line, p. 125, fig. 4 : portions of EL and L' visible on the specimen appear similar, but less developed. And see A. ripleyi, No. 2c. 2 2. elaboratus, Ammonites Paltopleuroceras 22b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 22. AMMONITES ELABORATUS, Simpson (Plate XXII) Original Description " i68. A[mmonites] elaboratus. [M. Simpson, 1884, p. 128.] [" III. Keel between two furrows. " (n.) Furrows slight." p. 127]. " Depressed ; volutions six, exposed, prominent on the rounded inner margin, outer whorl less than one-third the diameter, pinched towards the back ; radii strong, sharp, regular, tending to form tubercles on both margins, suddenly turn towards the aperture on the back, separated by deep concave grooves ; keel much depressed, sharp, smooth ; aperture quadrate ; diameter, two inches. M. L., a, Hawsker. " This belongs to the A. spinatus family, and is from the uppermost bed of the Middle Lias on the Hawsker shore. It is highly finished and well distinguished from A. solitarius by the prominence of the inner margin of the whorls and the smooth keel. From the ribs rising on both margins a slight hollow or groove is formed along the side of the whorl. Whitby Museum, No. 302." Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, 5 ; ornament, 5***. The carina is slightly crenulate ; the radii run far forward to join the carina ; on the edge of the periphery they are almost tubercled (bullate) ; on outer edge of margin, just before, is a papilla on each rib ; and towards inner edge another bullate swelling — so that the ornament is really 5***. Genus, Paltopleuroceras, S. Buckman, 1898, 453, — family Amaltheidae. Result Paltopleuroceras elaboratum, Simpson sp., 1884, Domerian, spinatum zone, Hawsker, near Whitby. 1910 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXII Fig. 2 Fig. I *'*»77 Ammonites elaboratus, Simpson, 1884 Whitby Mu.seum, No. 302, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view PALTOPLEUROCERAS ELABORATUM, Simpson sp. 1910 AMMONITES ELABORATUS 22C Comparable Species Am. vittatus ; Phillips, 1829, xiii, i. Am. costatus spinatus, Quenstedt, 1849, V' i<> '> 1857, XXI, i, 2 these figs, re-named Pleuroceras pseudo-spinatum, Hyatt, 1867, go. Am. costatus spinatus ; Quenstedt, 1885, xlii, 25, 27. YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES EDITED liY S. S. BUCKMAN, F.G.S., AUTHOR OK "A Monograph of Inferior Oolite Ammonites, 1887-1907" The Original descriptions reprinted, and illustrated by figures of the types, reproduced from photographs mainly by J. w. tutchp:r Part III Pages Hi — vi, 9 Plates, and Descriptions Nos. 23 — 30 LONDON : WILLIAM WESLEY AND SON, 7.8 ESSEX STREET, STRAND jyi I CONTENTS Part III Systematic : — Generic Names Page iii Descriptions : — 23. N. subcarinatus Plate XXIII 24. A. birdi „ XXIV 25. A. depressus ,, XXV 26. A. figulinus „ XXVIa.b. 27. A. omissus ,, XXVII 28. A. aureolus „ XXVIII 29. A. vortex .. .. XXIXa.b. 30. A. turriculatus „ XXX Plate of 25 wab issued in Part II CHELTENHAM NORMAN, SAWYER AND CO. LTD., PRINTERS ST. GEORGE'S HALL I Mar. MGOCERAS Hi 1911 Genus, ANDROGYNOCERAS, Hyatt, 1867 1867, Foss. Ceph. ; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., V, 83. There are two sj^ecies quoted ; but it is advisable to take as the genotype the one figured, which is Am. hybrida, d'Orbigny. Result Genus, Androgynoceras, Hyatt, 1867. Genolectotj^ie, Am. hybrida, d'Orbigny. Genus, LIPAROCERAS, Hyatt, 1867 1867, Foss. Ceph. ; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., V, 83, 84. Three species are quoted in their order of sphseroconic development. L. indecisum, Hyatt, is not figured ; L. henleyi and L. bechei both contain different forms. A. henleyi and A. bechei, Sowerby, are probably the less and more involute forms of Androgynoceras. Choice may then fall on what Hyatt quotes as A. henleyi, Bronn (Leth. geogn. 1838, xxiii, 7) which Bronn calls A. striatus, a copy of Zieten, 1830, v, 6. Liparoceras thus expresses the coarsely ornate, more tumid whorled species, and Androgynoceras the less ornate, more compressed. Result Genus, Liparoceras, Hyatt, 1867. Genolectotype, A. henleyi, Hyatt pars=/4. striatus, Bronn, 1838, xxiii, 7. Genus, .EGOCERAS, Waagen, 1869 1869, Form. Am. siibradiatus ; Geogn. -Pal. Beitr., II (2) 247. As the name was proposed for the capricorns, the etymology, .Egoceras =capricornus, indicates A. capricormts as the type. Haug (Rev crit. Pal. 1900, 82) confirms. But A . capricornus, auctt., covers many species, and what is exactly Schlotheim's species is very doubtful. A. planicosta ; d'Orbigny (non Sowerby) 1844, ''^^' recognised in Waagen 's time (Oppel, Jurat. 156) as A. capricornus, is a good figure to select for A. capricornus, auctt. The Capricorn stage is passed through by the last two genera before bituberculation ; but there is a Capricorn fauna later than many of their bituberculate (sphaerocone) species, indicating either cunctative palingenesis (p. vii) of the costate stage, or survival of the less modified. jEgoceras, then, may deserve generic rank as a separate stock, and it may develop spharocones of its own, {A. nautiliformis. No. 37). Result Genus, ^goceras, Waagen, 1869. Type, A. capricornus; Waagen et auctt., of which A . planicosta ; d'Orbign}', LXV, i, 2, = A. capricornus, auctt. pars, is genolectotype. iv YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. Genus, OISTOCERAS, nov. Type, A. fi-guUnus, Simpson, No. 26 A Capricorn series which develops forward pointing (arrow Hke) j)eripheral costae (oiaros, an arrow). A bituberculate stage developing thickened whorls is produced ; but no sphaerocones are known. These four genera, with others, belong to Hyatt's family Liparocera- tida, distinguished from Deroceratidse by simpler suture line without recurved inner lobes. Genus, DEROCERAS, Hyatt, 1867 1867, Foss. Ceph. ; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., V, 81, 84, 85, 94. The species included by Hyatt belong to three groups — planicosta [A. ziphus), armatus, subarmatus. S. BucKMAN (Q.J. Geol. Soc. LIV, 1898, 460) put A. armatus for type of Deroceras, and separated the planicosta series as lacking a name : A. subarmatus is a Dactyloid. Result Genus, Deroceras, Hyatt, 1867. Genolectotype, A. armatus, J. Sower by. Genus, XIPHEROCERAS, nov. Type, Mgoceras planicosta ; Wright, 1880. xxv =A. ziphus, Zieten. The planicosta-ziphus series of the armati : they are anagenetic to 5** (A. scoresbyi, Simpson) ; Deroceras is catagenetic or post 5**. Micro- deroceras is earlier and has a more complex suture line. Si^ijpijj, armed with a sword : ziphus is evidently a mistake for xiphus = $ios, a sword. Genus, C(ELOCERAS, Hyatt, 1867 1867, Foss. Ceph. ; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., V, 87, 94. Of the species mentioned by Hyatt, A. pettos, Quenstedt,was selected as genotype by S. Buckman, Geol. Soc. LIV, 1898, 454. The Charmouthian species have cylindriform whorls, cratermubilicus, and broad, little costate periphery. Whether certain similar shaped Domerian and Whitbian species which have well costated venters are descendants, or are inflated Dactyliocerates, or have passed through the fibulate stage, is not always certain ; but till ontogenetic details are better known they may be ranged here. Thus Ca-Zoceras =stout-whorled Dactyloids. Result Genus, Cceloceras, Hyatt, 1867. Genolectotype, A. pettos, Quen- stedt, Jura, xvi, 14. igii ASTEROCERAS v Genus, DACTYLIOCERAS, Hyatt, 1867 1867, Foss. Ceph. ; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., V, 95. Hyatt did not choose a type but he indicated it — SnKriJXios = anniilus ; so that one of the species with anniilus in its name should be the type. There is Nautilus annularis, Reinecke, and Am. annulatus, Sowerby, given by Hyatt : the former is a misidentification, as it happens to be a young Peltoceras, therefore the latter may be chosen. Oppel selected as the type of the latter Sowerby's fig. 5, of PI. ccxxii (Jurat. 255). Dadylioceras = compressed annulate Dactyloids which did not develop fibulation. Result Genus, Dactylioceras, Hyatt, 1867. Genolectotype, A. annulatus, J. Sowerby, 1818, ccxxii, 5. Genus, PERONOCERAS, Hyatt, 1867 1867, Foss. Ceph. ; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., V, 85. The type is definitely indicated — nepovr) = fihula, a buckle, whence Am. ftbulatus. For this only one citation is given. Peronoceras is a branch of Dadylioceras which develops button & loop ornament (fibulation). Thus Peronoceras = compressed, fibulate Dactyloids. In catagenesis the Dactylioceras pattern is revived, with fibulation only a neanic feature, often obscure. Result Genus, Peronoceras, Hyatt, 1867. Genoholotype A. ftbulatus, J. de C. Sowerby. Genus, PORPOCERAS, nov. Type, Am. vortex, Simpson, No. 29 This genus is proposed for the strongly ornamented, massive, fibulate Dactyloids — nopnr], a buckle. Genus, ASTEROCERAS, Hyatt. 1867 1867, Foss. Ceph. ; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., V, 79, 80. The genotype species is definitely indicated by the meaning of the name Asteroceras—darfif) = stella, whence Am. stellaris. Hyatt gives three citations under that : as he mentions Enghsh specimens. Am. stellaris, Sowerby, is taken as the type. Result Genus, Asteroceras, Hyatt. 1867. Genolectotype, Am. stellaris, J. Sowerby. vi YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 191 1 Genus, CORONICERAS, Hyatt, 1867 1867, Foss. Ceph. ; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., V, 77. The genoholotype is definitely indicated by the name — Coroniceras for Am. coronaries, for which is cited Quenstedt, Jura, vii, 5. Result Genus, Coroniceras, Hyatt, 1867. Genoholotype, Am. coronaries, Quenstedt. Genus, ARNIOCERAS, Agassiz-Hyatt, 1867 1867, Foss. Ceph. ; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., V, 73. The type is definitely indicated (i) by the generic name, (2) by the species credited to Agassiz. Arnioceras {apvftSs, a ram) indicates a type with trivial name ceras or similar ; and Agassiz's name appears after Ar. ceratitoides — Arnioceras being one of the five genera which he selected (Hyatt, 71). Under Ar. ceratitoides are three references — A. ceratitoides, Quenstedt, A. ceras, Giebel, and Hauer. In Gen. Ariet. Hyatt places the first to Ar. bodleyi, the other to A. ceras, Agassiz. On this evidence it seems desirable to select Ar. ceras figured in Gen. Ariet. 11, 20. Result Genus Arnioceras, Agassiz-Hyatt, 1867. Type, Ar. ceratitoides, Agassiz, of which Ar. ceras, Agassiz (Hyatt, Gen. Ariet. 11, 20) is geno- lectotype. Genus, ARIETITES, Waagen, 1869 1869, Form. Am. subradiatus ; Geogn.-Pal. Beitr. II (2) 246. This genus was proposed for the family of Arietes ; and Waagen mentions Ar. hucklandi, Sow. as the most noted representative. It is almost certain, however, that he had not correctly identified Sowerby's species, as his definition does not agree in many points. S. Buckman (Quart. J. Geol. Soc, 1898, LIV, 452) proposed to take A. turneri, J. de C. Sowerby, as type of Arietites. This species fulfils Waagen's definition very well, especially having the " long pointed process on the venter." This particularly distinguishes the series from Asteroceras, where the process is short. In A. bucklandi the process is comparatively short. A. turneri, A. hrooki, Sow., A. denotatus Simpson (A . collenottii ; Wright, XXII b), A. fowleri, J. Buckman {A. denotatus ; Wright, vi, i) are some of the species which belong here. Result Genus, Arietites, Waagen, 1869. Type, one of the Arietes ; genolectotype, A. turneri, J. de C. Sowerby, ccccLii, upper figure. 23. subcarinatus, Nautilus Frechiella 23b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. NAUTILUS SUBCARINATUS, Young & Bird (Plate XXIII) Original Description [Young & Bird, 1822, p. 255.] " Fig. 7, PI. XII, represents a rare and handsome umbilicated nautilus, also from the alum shale. It is distinguished by a flat space running along the back, divided in the middle by a slight ridge, or imperfect keel. The sides are marked with fine striae, and with irregular undula- tions ; and the edges of the septa, where exposed, are beautifully foliated. This species is not so flat as n. Whitbiensis, nor so globose as n. pompilius, and is much smaller than either. N. lineatus of Sowerby, Tab. 41, resembles it, but is obviously another species. From its imperfect keel, we may designate our shell «. subcarinatus." Additional Details Young & Bird, 1828, p. 271.— At beginning " Fig. 9 " for " fig 7 " ; towards end of par. " N. astacoides " for " N. pompilius " ; omit sentence about N. lineatus ; add at end of par. " The siphuncle, as in keeled ammonites, runs under the keel." Remarks Stages, conch, sphaerocone ; periphery, 4 ; ornament, 3, or 3c. Genus Frechiella, Prinz, 1904, p. 31. Family Arietida2 ? The generic adventures of this species have been — .Nautilus ; Young & Bird, 1822, 1828 ; Ammonites ; Phillips, 1829, Oppel, 1862 ; Phyllo- ceras ; Blake, 1876 ; Wright, 1884 ; Harpoceras ; Taramelli, 1880 ; Pelecoceras ; Haug, 1887; Poecilomorphus ; Bonarelh, 1893; Bellini, 1900 ; Cymbites ; Buckman 1894 ; Frechiella, Prinz, 1904 ; Parisch & Viale, 1906. An allied species, A.sternalis, was made type of his genus Paroniceras by Bonarelli, 1893. Though the present species may now be placed as Frechiella, of which a Yorkshire specimen is the type, yet it may be doubted if the species is any more than a Cymbites which shews anagenetic development of a rounded periphery (i) into a carinate-sulcate (4). This would not be a generic character, unless unmodified species of Cymbites continued to co-exist : it is only a normal developmental phase (S. Buckman, G. Mag. 1894 (4) I, 360). Result Frechiella subcarinata, Young & Bird sp. 1822, Whitbian, subcarinatum zone [near Whitby]. 19W YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXIII Nautilus subcarinatus, Young & Bird, 1822 Whitby Museum, No. 63, Holotype — Specimen Figd. PI. XII, f. 7 Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Apertural view FRECHIELLA SUBCARINATA, Young & Bird sp. igii NAUTILUS SUBCARINATUS 23c Comparable Species Am. subcarinatus ; Phillips, 1829, xiii, 3. Am. sabinus, d'Orbigny, 1850 p. 247 (teste Bonarelli). Am. venantii, Catullo, 1853, in, 3 (teste Bonarelli). Am. subcarinatus ; Oppel, 1862, xnv, i, 2. Phylloceras subcarinatum ; Wright 1884, lxxxi, i — 3. Frechiella subcarinaia ; Prinz, 1904, 11, i. F. subcarinata, var. truncata, Prinz, 1904, 11, 2. F. curvata, Prinz, 1904, 11, 3. F. subcarinata ; Parisch & Viale, 1906, vii, 5 — 7. 24- HIRDI, Ammonites Paltopleuroceras 24b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 24. AMMONITES BIRDI, Simpson (Plate XXIV) Original Description " 94. A[mmonites] Birdi. [M. Simpson, 1843, pp. 49, 50.] [" III. Keel between two furrows. " a. Furrows slight." p. 48.] " Depressed ; volutions 5, exposed ; radii very prominent, sharp, separated by large concave spaces, nearly straight, then make a slight turn from the aperture, and form a tubercle, make another turn towards the aperture on the back, where they become obsolete ; keel very small ; grooves on either side nearly obsolete ; aperture quadrate ; diameter 2 inches. " The radii on the rounded inner edge of the whorls are nearly obsolete, then become gradually more and more prominent, until they reach the outer edge, where the groove which separates them is very deep. From the very ferruginous appearance of this specimen I judge it to be from the iron stone bands ; another smaller specimen I possess, is from a lower-bed in the series, and has merely an elevated Hne for a keel, and the furrows obsolete. " [P. 50] — In naming this Ammonite, it gives me much pleasure to call to remembrance an individual who, I believe, was the first in this town [Whitby], that undertook geological investigations, and who, together with the Rev. G. Young, contributed much to the advancement of geological science in their Survey of the Yorkshire Coast." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, p. 92, omits " depressed " at beginning ; omits all after " ironstone bands." Simpson, 1884, pp. 131, 132, the same as 1855 ' enters the species in Middle Lias a, p. xv. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, 4, ornament, 5*. The carina is not crenulated ; the ribs are strong, distant and slightly 8 shaped on the, side, indistinct with long forward sweep on the periphery, shewing indistinct signs of being bifurcate at and beyond the tubercle. There is only one tubercle, which is almost a spine. The specimen has been ground away obliquely on one side. The ferruginous appearance which Simpson mentions is very conspicuous. Genus Paltopleuroceras, S. Bnckman, 1898, 453 ; family Amaltheidae. Result Paltopleuroceras birdi, Simpson sp. 1843, Domerian, spinatum- zone, near Whitby. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXIV Fig. I Fit:. 2 Ammonites BiRDi, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 278, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view PALTOPLEUROCERAS BIRDI, Simpson sp. icjii AMMONITES BIRDI 24c Comparable Species Nautilus costatus, Reinecke, 1818, xi, 68. Ammonites hawskerensis, Young & Bird, 1828, xiv, 6. Am. hawskerensis ; Phillips, 1829, ^"i> 8. Am. costatus ; Zieten, 1830, iv, 7. Am. spinatus ; d'Orbigny, 1844, Lii, Amaltheus spinatus ; Wright, 1882, LV ; lvi, i — 5. Ammonites costatus spinatus ; Quenstedt, 1885, XLii, 17, 18. And see No. 22. 24d YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 1911 Species of PALTOPLEUROCERAS 1789, P. spinatum, Bruguiere sp. ; cf. d'Orbigny, lii. 1818, P. costatum, Reinecke, sp. Maris prot. 68. 1828, P. hawskerense, Young & Bird sp. xiv, 6, much reduced fig. 1843, P. birdi, Simpson sp. p. 49. 1855, P. solitarium, Simpson sp. p. 93. 1867, P. pseudocostatum, Hyatt sp. p. 90 ; for type A. costalns nudus, Quenstedt, Jura, xxi, 3. Advisable to use Hyatt's name instead of nudus to avoid confusion with Amaltheus nudus. 1867, P. pseudospinatum, Hyatt sp. p. 90 ; for type Quenstedt, Ceph. V. 10. 1884, P. elaboratum, Simpson sp. p. 128 (Y.T.A. xxii). 1911, P. apyrenum, nom. nov. founded on Amaltheus solitarius, Blake (non Simpson) York. Lias, 1876, viii, 2, (f ). 1911, P. boreale, nom. nov. founded on A. vittatus ; Phillips (non Young & Bird) Geol. York. 1829, ''"i- 9- Am. Solaris, Phillips, Geol. York. 1829, i'^' 29, may be a Palto- pleuroceras. 25- depressus, Ammonites Amaltheus 25b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 25. AMMONITES DEPRESSUS. Simpson (Plate XXV) Original Description " 74. A[mmonites] depressus. [M. Simpson, 1843, p. 40.] I" II. With a keel on the back. "a. Outer whorl broad." p. 31.] " Very much depressed ; volutions 4 or 5, inner ones nearly ^ con- cealed, outer whorl ^ the diameter, sides flatted ; radii on the inner whorls straight, prominent, equal to the spaces l:)etween, obsolete on the outer whorls ; striated ; keel strongly crenated ; diameter 2 inches. " This ammonite is the most depressed of any I have seen, not even excepting A. lenticularis. The inner whorls diminishing very little in thickness, it has a very shallow umbilicus ; the keel has the cord-hke appearance observed in A. Stokesi, of which I once supposed it to be a variety, but on account of its very depressed form, and the absence of radii from the outer whorl, I am obliged to consider it a distinct species. It also resembles some varieties of A. Clevelandicus, but the septa are much more distant, and their ramifications much more simple, a circum- stance which shews it to be a distinct species ; it i.-, from the ironstone bands." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, 82, omits ' it is from the ironstone bands " ; 1884, 118, 119, for "Stokesi" puts " margaritatus " (iig). Remarks Stages, conch, oxycone ; periphery, 3c crenate ; ornament, 4c to ic, mainly ic. The genus is Amaltheus, Montfort ; family Amaltheidae ; and the geological position perhaps about with .4. clevelandicus as recorded by Simpson, s to n, p. xvii ; but it may be higher. Ammonites amaltheus depressus, Quenstedt, Jura, xx, 14, is quite distinct. Result Am.\ltheus depressus, Simpson sp. 1843, Domerian, [margaritatum, or algovianum zone], near Whitby. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXV Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites depressus, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Mu.seum, No. 247, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Apertural view AMALTHEUS DEPRESSUS, Simpso.n sp. I/>It AMMONITES DEPRESSUS ^c CvrnparmbU Sfecu* Am, mwuUkfm mmimt, Qawttdt, 1856, xx, 4; 1A5, xu, 2. Awudthem mmrptrUMm ; Ba^le, 1878, xcoi, 3, 5. vl«, mmuMu'im tampreatm, Qdeastedt, 188$, xu, 17: xui, 8. Aad see \m. % 20- 191 1 AMMONITES DEPRESSUS 25c Comparable Species Am. amaltheus nudus, Quenstedt, 1856, xx, 4 ; 1885, xn, 2. Amaltheus margaritatus ; Bayle, 1878, xciii, 3, 5. Am. amaltheus compressus, guenstedt, 1885, XLI, 17 ; xlii, 8. And see Nos. 1, 20. 25d YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 191 1 Species of AMALTHEUS 1808, Amaltheus margaritatus, Montfort, p. 90. 1813, A. acutus, J. Sowerby sp. Min. Conch, xvii (February). 1818, A. stokesi, J. Sowerby sp. cxci. (February). 1818, A. rotula, Reinecke sp. Maris prot. 9, 10. 1820, A. amaltheus, Schlotheim sp. ; cf. Zieten, Wiirt, iv, i. 1820, A. gibbosus, Schlotheim sp. ; cf. Zieten, Wiirt. iv. 2. Take this as type of A. turgidus, Hyatt, if not Schlotheim's sp. 1822, A. clevelandicus. Young & Bird sp. xiii, 11. 1828, A. lenticularis, Young & Bird sp. p. 269 (Y.T.A. xx). 1828, A. subnodosus. Young & Bird sp. xiii, 3. 1828, A. vittatus, Young & Bird sp. xiv, 11. 1830, A. paradoxus, Stahl sp., in Zieten, Wiirt. xi, 6. , 1843, A. depressus, Simpson sp. p. 40 (Y.T.A. xxv). 1843, A. reticularis, Simpson sp. p. 38 (Y.T.A. i). 1844, A. engelhardti, d'Orbigny sp. lxvi. 1849, A. gigas, Quenstedt sp. Ceph., v, 4c. 1849, A. nudus, Quenstedt sp. Ceph., v, 4a. 1849, A. spinosus, Quenstedt sp. Ceph., v, 4b. 1856, A. coronatus, Quenstedt s])., Jura, xx, 11. 1856, A. Isevis, Quenstedt sp., Jura, xx, 5. 1867, A. gloriosus, Hyatt, p. 90 ; as type, Quenstedt, Jura, xx, 12. 1867, A. pra;stabilis, Hyatt, p. 91 ; as tyi)e, Quenstedt, Jura, xx, 4. 1867, A. salebrosus, Hyatt, p. 90 ; as type, Quenstedt, Jura, xx, 8. • 1867, A- turgidus, Hyatt, p. 90 ; see A. gibbosus 1885, A. compressus, Quenstedt sp., Amm. Schwab, xli, 17. 1911, A. costiger nom. nov. ; as type Am. amaltheus costatus, Quenstedt, Amm. Schwab, xlii, 9. 1911, A. armiger, nom. nov. ; as type Am. amaltheus spinosus ; Quenstedt, Amm. Schwab, xli, 5. 1911, A. nodifer, nom. nov. ; as type Am. amaltheus depressus, Quenstedt (non A. depressus, Simpson), Jura, xx, 14. 26. kigulinus, Ammonites OlSTOCERAS 26b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 26. AMMONITES FIGULINUS, Simpson (Plates XXVI a. b.) Original Description " 45. A[mmonites] figulinus. fM. Simpson, 1855, pp. 47, 48.] [" I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow. " a. No spines." p. 35.] "This also [like A. omissus'] has sharp radii, strongly bent towards the aperture on the back ; but the whorls are much stronger, and the radii separated by wider and deeper concave spaces [than in A . omissus] ; the aperture between the radii would be circular, but if taken in a line through the radii, it would be many sided, for the outline from the inner edge of the whorl is first convex, then, for a short space, it becomes concave, so as to [p. 48] form two angles on the side of the whorl ; it then undulates across the back, where the radii seem as if rubbed up with the finger in a plastic state." Simpson, 1884, p. 78, the same. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament 5**. The angles that Simpson mentions are tubercles : there are an inner and outer row of small tubercles from about 15 mm. diameter — the inner row perhaps not so soon. The " radii strongly bent towards the aperture on the back " [v-shaped radii of periphery] form a distinctive generic character in this and several other species. As there is no generic name available, that of Oistoceras is proposed (Gen. p. iv). Family Liparoceratidae. The geological position is not recorded : it is presumably Lower Lias, a — d. Result Oistoceras figulinum, Simpson sp. 1855, Charmouthian, [striatum zone], near Whitby. Note Plate XXVIb illustrates a Dorset specimen to shew the coarse- ribbed swollen whorls of an individual more mature than Simpson's type. There are, on the periphery of Simpson's specimen, indications of the commencement of such a whorl. This is the curvicornis or bituberculate swollen stage. The peripheral view of this specimen shews the character- istic V-shaped costje. From near Lyme Regis, evidently from the Green Ammonite Bed (striatum zone). 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXViA Fig. I Fig 2 Fig- 3 Fig. la Ammonites figulints, Simpson, 1855 Whitby Museum, No. 115, Holotype Figs. I, la, Side views ; Fig. 2, Apertural view ; Fig. 3, Perijiheral view OISTOCERAS FIGULINUM, Simpson sp. 79/7 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXVlB Fig. I Fig 2 Ammonites figulinus, Simpson, 1855 J. W. Tutcher Coll. ex Wright Coll. A nearly fully grown specimen from Lyme Regis, Dorset. Fig. i, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view OISTOCERAS FIGULINUM, Simpson sp. I9II AMMONITES FIGULINUS 26c Comparable Species Am. arcigerens, Phillips, 1829, xiii, 9. Am. anguliferus, Id. xiii, 19. Am. maculatus ; Oppel, 1853, i, 6. Am. omissus, Simpson, 1855, p. 44. Am. curvicornis, Schlonbach, 1863, xii, 4. Microceras sinuosum, Hyatt, 1867, p. 82. M. crescens, Id. Aegoceras defossum ; Blake, 1876, viii, 9. Am. dumortieri, Reynes, 1879, xxxi, 24 — 26. Aeg. curvicornum ; Wright, 1880, xxxi, 3, 4. 2"]. OMISSUS, Ammonites OlSTOCERAS 27b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 27. AMMONITES OMISSUS, Simpson, (Plate XXVII) Original Description '' 44. A[mmonites] omissus. [M. Simpson, 1855, p. 47.] [" I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow. " a. No spines." p. 35.] " Volutions 5, exposed, outer whorl more than -J the diameter ; radii numerous, prominent sharp, sej^arated by concave spaces, suddenly bend towards the aperture in passing over the back ; aperture roundish ; diameter i and two tenths inch. " This may be distinguished from A. defossus by the inner whorls being more slender and numerous, and by their having more numerous and finer radii. It is from the same beds as the last [A. arcigerens. — L.L. ; R. H. Bay]." Simpson, 1884, jj, the same. Remarks Stages, concn, serpenticjne ; periphery, i ; ornament, 4. The outer whorl is less than J the diameter, which too is iy\j inch. This is a species of Oistoceras{Ger\. p. iv) in the pre-tuberculate stage. Geological position probably that of A. figulinus. Result OiSTOCERAS OMissuM, SiMPSON sp. 1855, Charmouthian [striatum- zone], Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXVII Fig. 2 Fig. I Ammonites omissus, Simpson Whitby Museum, No. 502, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view OISTOCERAS OMISSUM, Simpson sp i,,ii AMMONITES OMISSUS 27c Comparable Species Am. figitliniis, No. 26. List given there. 28. aukeolus, Ammonites echiocfras 2X1) YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 28. AMMONITES AUREOLUS, Simpson (Plate XXVIII) " 172 Afmmonites] aureolus. ! M. Simpson, 1855, p. 94]. ["III. Keel between two furrows." p. 90. " b. Furrows distinct." p. 93.] " Volutions 8, exposed, outer whorl less than \ the diameter, sides regularly rounded ; radii numerous, nearly straight, sharp, not equal to the intervening concave furrows, terminate on the outer margin of the whorl ; keel rounded, depressed, between two slight furrows ; aperture roundish ; diameter i inch. " This ammonite, on the side, greatly resembles A. aureus, and the radii in places have a tendency to form two slight tubercles. The cast is smooth, and of a golden colour. " The shell is thin, smooth, and brownish, without any appearance of striae ; the ramifications of the septa are very simple and distant, at irregular intervals of two or three radii. — L.L. ; R. H. Bay ; Mr. Clarkson's Col. Additional Details Simpson, 1884, 134, adds to first par. : " L.L. ; 15, R. H. Bay." Adds to second par. : " On comparing a description I wrote of a specimen I received of Mr. Bean, labelled A. finitimis, I find it identical with the above. I also believe that Blake's A. spiratissimus is the same as my A. aureolus. They are all from the same bed, and are strongly marked to the very centre." Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, 4 ; ornament, 4 passing to 5. The carina in the last half whorl becomes distinct though feeble, with small depression each side of it. The small tubercles on outer end of ribs can be seen ; but there is nothing of the kind on inner area. Genus Echioceras, Bayle, 1878 ; family Hildoceratidae perhaps ; see A. exortus, 19. Geological position as given by Simpson, L.L. 15 [oxynotum zone] seems low. Result Echioceras aureolum, Simpson sp. 1855, Sinemurian, oxynotum zone [? Charmouthian, raricostatnm zone], Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXVIII Fig. I FiK. 2 Ammonites aureolus, Simpson, 1855 Whitby Museum, No. 872, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Apertural view ECHIOCERAS AUREOLUM, Simpson sp. igii AMMONITES AUREOLUS 28c Comparable Species Am. viticola, Dumortier, 1867, xxxi, g — 13. Am. edmundi. Id. xxxix, 3, 4. Am. vellicaius, Id. XL, 5 — 8. Aegoceras ? finitimum ; Blake 1876, vi, 9. Arietites raricostatus ; Wright, 1878, vii, 6. .4m. schlumbergeri, Reynes, 1879, xli, 20, 21. Arietites spiratissimus ; Hug, 1899, x, 13. Polymorphites bronni ; Id. x, 14. Arietites favrei. Id. xii, 5, 6. Arietites boehmi. Id. xii, 8. And see No. 19. 29- VOKTEX, Ammonites porpocekas 29b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mar. 29. AMMONITES VORTEX, Simpson (Plates XXIX A.B.) Original Description " 80. A[nimonites] vortex. [M. Simpson, 1855, i^y. 60, 61.] [" I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow." p. 35. b. Armed with spines or distinct tubercles." p. 58.] Volutions 6 or 7, exposed, outer whorl \ the diameter ; radii numerous, annular, split in two near the back, where there is a row of tubercles, and pass directly over without bending towards the aj^erture ; aperture subquadrate, transverse ; diameter 3 inches. " This resembles some varieties of A. subarmatus, having two [p. 61] radii connected with each tubercle, in the button and loop style ; the tubercles, however, are more distant, there being on the outer whorl two radii interposed between those connected with the tubercles. The inner edge of the whorls is also more rounded, forming a deep groove at the suture, and the umbilicus is not so deep, the outer whorl having nearly the same size throughout. The inner side of the whorls is but little indented by the succeeding ones. The radii, which on the inner whorls are strong and rounded, and equal to the intervening concave spaces, become depressed and nearly obsolete towards the aperture. Where the shell has been removed, there is displayed a very strong siphuncle, without any apparent coastrictions. The ramifications of the septa are numerous and pointed, differing very much from those observed in A. subarmatus. — L.L. ; R. H. Bay." Additional Details Simpson, 1884, pp. 92, 93 ; adds [p. 93] to end of ist par. " and I have seen one much larger inner whorl, imperfect. U.L., i, Whitby." The comma ought evidently to stand after " larger," not after " whorl." Omits " L.L., R. H. Bay." Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 5*. The larger specimen noticed by Simjxson, 1884, is figured in Plate XXIXb. Genus Porpoceras, nov. (Gen. p. r) ; family Dactyloidse, Hyatt, 1867. Geological position presumably fibulatum zone. Result Porpoceras vortex, Si.mpson sp. 1855, Whitbian, [fibulatum zone], near Whitby. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXIXa Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites vortex, Simpson, 1855 Whitby Mu.seum, No. 153a, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Apertural view PORPOCERAS VORTEX, Simpson sp. I igii AMMONITES VORTEX 29c Comparable Species Am. siibarmatus \ J. de C. Sowerby, X823, ccccvii, i. Am. desplacei, d'Oibigny, 1845, cvii. Stephanoceras stibarmalum : Wright, 1884, lxxxv, i — -j S. crassitm : Wright, 1884. l.xxxvi, i, 2, 8 — 10. Cidoceras (Peronoceras) desplacei ; Joly, 1905, 11. 30. turriculatus, Ammonites Peronoceras 3o6 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Mcr. 30. AMMONITES TURRICULATUS, Simpson (Plate XXX) Original Description "75. A[mmonites] turriculatus. [M. Simpson, 1855, p. 59-] " I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow." p. 35. " b. Armed with spines or distinct tubercles." p. 58. " Volutions 6 or 7, much exposed, outer whorl J the diameter, sides depressed, inner margin prominent, sharply rounded ; radii numerous, fine, annular, pass over the back undivided, with short ones there frequently introduced, on the outer edge of the whorls a row of tubercles or short knobs at intervals of 5 or 6 radii ; aperture subquadrate ; diameter 2J inches. " This is rather a robust shell. The radii are fibulated at the tubercles, and nearly obsolete at the ajjerture. — Syn. A. Davaei, Y. & B. [Young & Bird]." Additional Details Simpson, 1884, p. 91, adds " U.L." to end of first par. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 4c, 4, 5*. The plain costate stage lasts to about 35 mm. diameter ; then costae with occasional tubercles making fibulate pattern at rather long intervals. The species shows a development of ornament the reverse of that of A. davcei with which it has been confounded, namely 4 to 5 instead of 5 to 4. A. davcei is catagenetic from spinous to costate, this si:)ecies shews anagenesis from costate to spinous. Any suggestion of connecting the two genetically by costate intermediaries of the Dactylioceras pattern must face the difficulty of accounting for the simplified suture line of the Dactyloids. As this species has Dactylioceras costation followed by the Peronoceras style of fibulation, it seems to show the origin of the latter genus, and it may be reckoned as an early Peronoceras. It is a connecting link. Genus Peronoceras, Hyatt, 1867 (Gen. v) ', family Dactyloidae, Hyatt, 1867. Geological position Upper Lias, with appearance suggesting the Grey Shale, U.L. 8. Result Peronocer.\s turriculatum, Simpson sp. 1855, Whitbian, [teniii- costatum zone ?], near Whitby. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Fig. I I'ig. 2 Ammon-ites turriculatus, Simpson-, 1855 Whitby Museum, No. 152, Holotype Fig. I, Side view : Fig. 2, Apertural view PERONOCERAS TURRICULATUM, Simpson sp. 1911 AMMONITES TURRICULATUS 30c Comparable Species Am. attenuattis. Simpson, 1855, p. 54. Am. des placet ; numortier, 1874, (iv) xxvii, 4. Stephanoceras fibulatiim ; Wright, 1884, Lxxxv, 5, 6, 8. For species comparable with prefibulate stage, see No. 31c. YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES EDITED I'.V S. S. BUCKMAN, i-.G.s., AUTHOR OK "A Monograph of Inferior Oolite Ammonites, 1887-1907" The Original descriptions reprinted, and illustrated by figures of the types, reproduced from photographs mainly by J. W. TUTCHER Part IV 10 Plates, and Descriptions Nos. 31 — 37 LONDON : WILLIAM WESLEY AND SON, 28 ESSEX STREET, STRAND I9II CONTENTS Part IV Descriptions : — 31- A. scmicelatus 32. A. coinutus 33- A. quadricornutus 34- A. fabiicatus . . 33- A. radialus 36- A. arctus . . 37- A nautiliformis Plate XXXI XXXII XXXIII XXXIV XXXV XXXVI XXXVIlA.B.C.D. CHELTENHAM NOKMAN, SAWYER AND CO. LID., rRI.NTLRS ST. GEORGE'S HALL 31. semicelatus, Ammonites Dactylioceras .Ub YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Apr 31. AMMONITES SEMICELATUS, Simpson (Plate XXXI) Original Description " 32. A[mmonitesJ semicelatus. [M. Simpson, 1843, p. 22.] [" I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow. " a. No spines." p. 7.] " This agrees very nearly with the last [A. annulatus, Sowerby] ; but the inner whorls are nearly one-half concealed by the outer whorl. There are others which have often been confounded with this, but I would rather consider them as varieties of the last, or compressed specimens of A. communis, and restrict the present name to those which have the inner whorls somewhat concealed." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, pp. 50, 51. — " 54. A. semicelatus. — Depressed ; volutions 7 or 8, inner ones nearly J concealed, outer whorl more than ^ the diameter, inner margin depressed, depressed 1 p. 51] near the back ; radii annular, pass nearly straight over the back, rounded, fine, numerous, equal to the intervening concave furrows, double in number on the back ; aperture ovate ; diameter 3^ inches. " The form of the radii and the smoothness of the cast render this species very like a compressed variety of A. annulatus ; but it may be distinguished by the greater width of the outer whorl, partly concealing the inner ones, as well as by its more depressed form. " On the inner whorls the margin is prominent ; radii regular, distinct, split in two near the back, flatted, separated by concave spaces ; radii of the cast round aperture ovate — U.L." Simpson, 1884, pp.81 82; places "the" before " aperture " in last par. (p. 82). Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 4 (4c ?). Costse septate ; whorls convergent. No tubercles visible on costse. Genus, Dactylioceras, Hyatt, 1867 (Gen. v). Family, Dactyloidw, Hyatt, 1867. Geological position i^ " zone of A. angulatus " [anntdatus], Blake, 1876. 299, = Grey Shale, U.L. 8. Result Dactylioceras semicelatum, Simpson sp. 1843, Whitbian, ienui- costatttm-zone, near Whitby. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXXI Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites semicelatus, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 116, Holotype Fig. r, Side view, nat. size ; Fig. 2, Apertural view, slightly reduced DACTYLIOCERAS SEMICELATUM, Simpson sp. igii AMMONITES SEMICELATUS 31c Comparable Species ArgonaiUa anguinus, Reinecke, 1818, fig. 73. Am. anmdatus, J. Sowerby, i8ig, ecu (fig. 5 is Oppel's lectotype). Am. tenuicostatus, Young & Bird, 1822, xn, 8. Am. cequistriatus, Miinster in Zieten, 1830, xii, 5. Am. annulatus ; d'Orbigny, 1844, Lxxvi, i, 2. Am. annulatus ; Quenstedt, 1849, xm> n- Stephanoceras anntdatum ; Wright, 1884, lxxxiv, 7, 8. Am. communis ; Quenstedt, 1885, XLVI, i, 2. Dactylioceras helianihoides, Yokoyama, 1904, iv, 4 — 6. 32. cornutus, Ammonites Phricodoceras 32b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Apr. 32. AMMONITES CORNUTUS, Simpson, (Plate XXXII) Original Description " 53. A[mmonites] cornutus. [M. Simpson, 1843, p. 31.] [" I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow." p. 7. " b. Armed with spines or distinct tubercles." p. 22.] " Volutions 5, exposed, rather rapidly diminishing, outer whorl I the diameter ; radii annular, very prominent, slender, separated by rather wide concave spaces ; two rows of blunt tubercles on the back ; shell striated ; aperture circular ; diameter 2 inches. " This beautiful, highly characteristic, and rare species, is from the lower beds of lias at Robin Hood's Bay ; it might have been associated with A. maculatus, but the two prominences on the back, which suggest the idea of horns, render it necessary to unite it with the armed ones. It differs from that species, also, in the slenderness of the ribs, and in the more rapid diminution of the whorls ; it approaches Sowerby's A. Taylori." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, p. 71, instead of " shell striated " says " shell coarse and cracked ; " adds at end, " On the back of a young specimen f inch diameter, there are four rows of tubercles, two of which become obsolete near the aperture." Simpson, 1884, pp. 105, 106, describes it as " A. Taylori, Sow," and says it comes from " L.L., y [y], R. H. Bay" (p. 105). Entered as A. Taylori in L.L. y (p. xx). Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 5** declining to 5*. Genus Phricodoceras, Hyatt, 1900 ; family, Liparoceratidae. For geological position and other remarks, see A. quadricornutus, No. 33. Resrdt Phricodoceras cornutum, Simpson sp. 1843, Charmouthian, armatum-jamesoni zone, Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXXII Fig. I Fig. 2 Fig- 3 Ammonites cornutus, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 185, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Apertural view ; Fig. 3, Peripheral view PHRICODOCERAS CORNUTUM, Simpson sp. iQii AMMONITES CORNUTUS 32c Comparable Species Am. taylori, J. de C. Sowerby, 1826, dxiv, i. Am. proboscideus ; Zieten, 1830, x, i. Am. lamellosus, d'Orbigny, 1844, lxxxiv, i, 2. Am. taylori ; d'Orbigny, 1845, cii, 3 — 5. Am. taylori costatiis, Quenstedt, 1849, ix, 20. Am. taylori nodosus, Id. ix, 21. Am. quadricornidus, Simpson, 1855, p. 71 (Y.T.A. 33). Am. taylori ; Quenstedt, 1856, xvi, 8 ; 1884, xxvii, 10 — 21, 28 — 30. Am. taylori ; Hauer, 1861, i, 20, 21. Mgoceras taylori ; Wright, 1880, xxxi, 5—7. .Am. taylori ornatissimus, Quenstedt, 1884, xxvn, 25. Am. taylori macerrimus, Id. xxvii, 26. Am. taylori coronula, Id. xxvii, 27. Am. striatus bicornis. Id. xxviii, 24. ;i;^. QUADRICORNUTUS, Ammonites Phricodoceras 33b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Apr. 33. AMMONITES QUADRICORNUTUS, Simpson (Plate XXXIII) Original Description " 109. A[mmonites] quadricornutus. [M. Simpson, 1855, p.71.] [" I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow." p. 35. " b. Armed with spines or distinct tubercles." p. 58. " Two rows of spines." p. 68.] " Volutions 4 or 5, exposed, outer whorl more than J the diameter ; radii aunular, very prominent, rounded, slender, separated by wide concave spaces, armed with four rows of strong blunt spines on the back ; shell thick, striated transversly ; aperture round ; diameter 2 inches. " Whether it is possible that this can be merely a variety of the last [A. cornutus] or not, I would not take upon me to say. The whorls are less inflated, the ribs more prominent, and the spines in general strongly developed, especially those on the middle of the back ; and I believe it is from a different bed ; but one of the radii, I observe, is in every respect like those of A. cornutus. If it is not a distinct species, it is certainly a very interesting variety, and worthy of a separate description. — L.L. ; R. H. Bay. Mr. Morley's Col." Additional Details Simpson, 1884, p. 106, reads " annular " and " transversely " ; for " A. cornutus " has " A. Taylori " ; adds at end, " Whitby Museum." Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 5**, almost 5***, for there is swelling on umbilical border. This species is much nearer to A. taylori, J. de C. Sowerby, than is A. cornutus ; but its whorls are less tumid and its ribs, in inner whorls, more approximate. This species and A. taylori represent a stage of development which A. cornutus has passed through. Genus, Phricodoceras, Hyatt, 1900 ; family, Liparoceratidae. The geological position is probably much the same as that of A. cornutus; but this shows a clayey matrix, while A. cornutus is pyritized. A. cornutus, therefore, probably occurs in the pyritous band at top of Simpson's L.L. y. (p. xx), and A. quadricornutus in the shale below. Result Phricodoceras quadricornutum, Simpson sp. 1855, Charmouthian, [annatum-jamesoni zone], near Whitby. I I 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXXIII Fig. I Fig. Fig. 3 Ammonites quadricornutus, Simpson, 1855 Whitby Museum, No. 495, Holotype Fig. I, Side view; Fig. 2, Apertural view; Fig. 3, Peripheral view PHRICODOCERAS QUADRICORNUTUM, Simpson sp. igii AMMONITES QUADRICORNUTUS 33c Comparable Species See A. cornuius, No. 32. 34- kakricatus, Ammonites Phylloceras t 34b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Apr. 34. AMMONITES FABRICATUS, Simpson Original Description " 10. A[mmonites] fabricatus. [M. Simpson, 1855, pp. 37, 38.] [" I Without a dorsal keel or furrow. " a No spines." p. 35.] " Rather tumid ; inner volutions concealed, outer whorl more than ^ the diameter ; umbihcus large ; radii on the inner part of the whorl broad, flattish, obsolete on the rounded back ; striae [p. 38] numerous, annular, fine, fimbriated ; aperture ovate ; diameter \ inch. " Probably from the Jet-rock." Simpson, 1884, p. 65, the same. Remarks Stages, conch, sphaerocone ; periphery, i, towards 2, — there is slight angularity ; ornament 2, — striate with constrictions, the spaces lietween constrictions Simpson calls radii. Genus, Phylloceras, Suess, 1865 ; family, Phylloceratidae. Result Phylloceras fabricatum, Simpson sp. 1855, Whitbian, exaratum zone, near Whitby. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXXIV Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites fabricatus, Simpson, 1855 ' Whitby Museum, No. 469, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view ; both x 2 PHYLLOCERAS FABRICATUM, Simpson sp. igii AMMONITES FABRICATUS 34c Comi>arable Species Am. heterophyllus, J. Sowerby, 1820, CCLXVi. Am. argelliezi, Reynes, 1868, vi, 3. Am. hebertinum. Id. 11, 3. Am. (Phylloceras) nilsoni ; Meneghini, 187-, xviii, = Phylloceras beatricis, Bonarelli, 1899, 214. Phylloceras hebertinum ; Meneghini, 188-, Ajjp. ill, P. infraliasicum, Vadasz, 1908, ix, 2. 35- radiatus, Ammonites Arietites 35b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Apr. 35. AMMONITES RADIATUS, Simpson (Plate XXXV) Original Description " 89. A[mmonites] radiatus. [M. Simpson, 1843, p. 47.] L"II. With a keel on the back." p. 31. " b. Outer whorl narrower." p. 44] " Volutions 4, inner ones \ concealed, outer whorl not quite \ the diameter, sides rounded ; radii straight, numerous, sharp, regular, delicate, nearly obsolete on the rounded back where they turn towards the ajierture ; keel slender, rather rounded, furrow on either side slight ; aperture ovate ; diameter i inch. " This is an exceedingly beautiful and well-defined species ; the radii are all as if drawn with geometrical exactness ; the keel and all its parts have the greatest regularity. I have seen 5 or 6, all small and uniform, and entirely unlike the young of A. geometricus, Bucklandi, or any other species ; it occurs in the lower lias at Robin Hood's Bay." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, \)\>. 88, 89.— p. 89, after " dehcate " in first ]mr. " bend towards the aperture near the back ; the keel slender, rather roinided, furrows distinct ; aperture ovate ; diameter | incli." In second par. after " exactness ; " " those near the ai)erture slightly waving, absent in the centre ; the keel — ." Simpson, 1884, \>. 126, as 1855. Remarks Stages, conch, becoming oxycone ; periphery, 4 ; ornament, 4c. The specimen, figured X2, is quite a young form. Genus, Arietites, Waagen, 1869 ((ien. vi) ; family, Arietidas, Hyatt. Geological position about L.L. lO, presumably. Result Arietites kadiatus, Simpson sp. 1843, Sinemuriau, [stellare zone], Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 79n YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXXV Fig. 2 Fig. 1 Ammonites radiatus, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 304, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view ; both x 2 ARIETITES RADIATUS, Simpson sp. igii ^1 MMONITES KA DIA 'IVS 35<: Comparable Species Am. fowleri. J. Buckman, 1844, xn, 7; refig. Pal. U. 1904, 37. Am. denotatus, Simpson, 1855, 76, type figd. as Arietites collenotii ; Wright, 1881, XXII B. Am. chmiacensis, Dumortier, 1867, xxv, 8 — 10. Arietites denotatus ; Wright, 1878, vi, i. A.impendens ; Wright, 1881, xxn A, 4. A . colle-notii ; Wright, 1881, xxii a, 6 — 9; xxii B. Am. impendens ; Quenstedt, 1884, xx, 7 — 10. Asteroceras collenoti ; Hyatt, 1889, x, 10. 36. ARCTUS, Ammonites oxynoticeras '/)b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Apr. 36. AMMONITES ARCTUS, Simpson Original Description " 8. A[mmonites] arctus. [M. Simpson, 1843, p. 10.] [" I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow. a. No spines " p. 7.] " This greatly resembles the last [A. dennyi] ; but the outer whorl is narrower ; the back is rounded ; it has a few obscure annular radii, but no constrictions ; it occurs along with the last." Simpson, 1855, p. 38 ; 1884, p. 66, the same. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 3c. There are a few obscure ribs and a little irregularity which might indicate relics of an auriculoid stage. The suture-Hne is goniatitic with few denticula- tions. About I whorl is body chamber, the last two septa approximate. The specimen (figd. x 2) is presumably an immature Oxynoticeras, Hyatt, in the larval or Cymbites stage of ornament and suture line, but commencing to be serpenticone. Family Arietidae, Hyatt. Geological position, Ind. Band 13, with A. dennyi. The position of A. dennyi was misprinted " Ind. Band 3 " in 7b, Ad. Details, line 3. This should be corrected. Result Oxynoticeras arctum, Simpson sp. 1843, Sinemurian, oxynotum zone, Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXXV 1 Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites arctus, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 471, Holotype Fig. I. Side view ; Fig. 2, Apertural view ; both x 2 OXYNOTICERAS ARCTUM, Simpson sp. igii AMMONITES ARCTUS \6c Comparable Species Am. lavigatus, J. de C. Sowerby, 1827, dlxx, 3. Am. dennyi, Simpson, 1843, pp. 9, 10 (Y.T.A. 7). Am. davidsoni ; Dumortier, 1867, (II) xxi, i — 4. Am. berardi. Id. xxi, 5 — 7. Am. obesus, Reynte, 1879, xxvi, 10, 11. Am. Uevigatus ; Id., XLiii, 10, 11. Am. globosus /3 ; Quenstedt, 1884, xxii, 47. And see No. 7. t,j. nautiukormis, Ammonites yEoocERAs 37b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Apr. 37. AMMONITES NAUTILIFORMIS, J. Buckman (Plates XXXVII a, b, c, d.) Original Description [J. Buckman in Murchison, Geol. Chelt. ed ii, 1844, pp. 90, 105.] " Ammonites nautiliformis (Buckman) L.M. [Lias Marlstone], Dumbleton [p. 90]. " A. nautiliformis. — Back rounded, broad; volutions 3 to 4 — the outer volution occupying more than half of the whole diameter, the inner ones only slightly exposed ; aperture large, obtusely cordate ; ribs small, those of the upper part of the cell proceeding from the inner margin to about mid-way across the outer volution, where they are joined to a large tubercle, from which they divide into three smaller ones, which proceed across the back and are united in the same manner on the opposite side. Diameter 8in., thickness sJin. " Locality. — Lias Marlstone, Alderton Hill. " Only a single specimen, and that somewhat imperfect. Its form is so much like that of the Nautilus that, had not the saddles been well exposed, we should almost have considered it as belonging to the latter genus [p. 105]." Remarks Stages, conch, sphaerocone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 5**. This is the specimen pointed out to me by my father as the type of his A. nautiliformis, and the only example which he had obtained. There is, however, discrepancy in the mesLsurements ; the diameter is 6J inches (156 mm.), and the thickness about 4^ inches (113 mm.). The description is also incorrect : There are two lines of tubercles, though they are obscure ; the ribs on the periphery (back) are not smaller than those on the inner marginal area, but larger. The saddles (and lobes) are exposed in place.=, but not enough for delineation. This specimen, though not a Yorkshire Type, is figured to illustrate remarks on development (p. xiv), and on genera (p. Hi). Genus, /Egoceras, Waagen (Gen. p. iii). It is assumed that this species represents the sphaerocone stage of JEgoceras, being distinguished from Androgynoceras (sjihsrocone) by more inflated whorls and coarser ornament, and from Liparoceras by less coarse and more regular orna- ment. Family, Liparoceratidae, Hyatt, 1867. Geological position — The term " marlstone " would presumably indicate the strata of the spinatum and margaritatus zones at the locality : the specimen has not the matrix of the former. Alderton Hill is an eminence in the parish of Dumbleton. Result jEgoceras nautiliforme, J. Buckman sp. 1844, Domerian, [margaritattts zone], Alderton Hill, Dumbleton, Gloucestershire. Note A Somerset specimen is figured (Plates XXXVII c, d) to shew the ornament. The ribs on its venter are somewhat larger, more distant and fewer than those of the iyyie. It is from the Marlstone of South Pcthcrton. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXXVI Ammonites nautiliformis, J. Buckman, 1844 S Buckman coll. ex J. Buckman coll., Holotype Side view x 0.83. Dumbleton, Gloucestershire ^GOCERAS NAUTILIFORME, J. Buckman sp. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXXVI Ammonites nautiformis, J. Buckman, 1844 S. Buckman coll. ex J. Buckman coll., Holotype Apertural view x 0.62. Dumbleton, Gloucestershire ^GOCERAS NAUTILIFORME, J. Buckman sp. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXXVII iEcOCERAS NAUTILIFORME, J. BuCKMAN SP. S. Buckman coll. Side view x 0.77 South Petherton, Somerset iEGOCERAS NAUTILIFORME, J. Buckman sp. \\K^ 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXXV .EgOCERAS NAUTILIFORME, J. BUCKMAN SP. S. Buckman coll. Peripheral view x 0.75 South Petherton, Somerset -EGOCERAS NAUTILIFORME, J. Buckman sp. igii AMMONITES NAUTILIFORMIS 37c Comparable Species Am. bechei, J. Sowerby, 182 1, CCLXXX. Am. heptangularis, Young & Bird, 1828, xiv, i. Am. bechei ; Zieten, 1832, xxvii 4a, 5b [4b]. Aigoceras bechei ; Wright, r88i, xi.i. Am. striatiis ; Quenstedt, 1884, xxix, i, 4, 6, 8. Am. striatus reineckii, Quenstedt, 1884, xxviii, 5. jEgoceras (Platypleiiroceras) variscoi, Parona, 1897, xi YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES EDITED BY S. S. BUCKMAN, f.g.s., AUTHOR OF "A Monograph of Inferior Oolite Ammonites, 1887-1907" rhe Original descriptions reprinted, and illustrated by figures of the types, reproduced from photographs mainly by J. W. TUTCHER Part V 10 Plates, and Descriptions Nos. 38 — 44 LONDON : WILLIAM WESLEY AND SON, 28 ESSEX STREET, STRAND I9II CONTENTS Part V Descriptions : — 38. A. sulcatus Plate XXXVIII 39. A. scoresbyi . . 40. A. acuticarinatus 41. A. compactilis 42. P. whitbiense 43. A. lectus 44. A. miles XXXIXa,b,c XL XLIa,b XLII XLIII XLIV CHELTENHAM NORMAN, SAWYER AND CO. LTD., PRINTERS ST. George's hall 38. sulcatus, Ammonites schlotheimia 38b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Nov. 38. AMMONITES SULCATUS, Simpson (Plate XXXVIII) Original Description " 108. A[mmonite.s] sulcatus. | M. Simpson, 1843, pp. 55, 56.] [" IV. With a dorsal furrow only." p. 55] " Depressed ; volutions much concealed, outer whorl nearly J the diameter ; radii strong on the inner margin of the whorl, then split in two or three, [p. 56] faint, twice bent ; an angular furrow on the back ; ajjerture triangular ; diameter | inch. " This interesting little ammonite may be readily distinguished from the rest, by the angular furrow on the back ; which is very distinct on the outer whorls, and becomes a mere line on the inner ones. It like a great many other small and beautiful species is from the lowest beds of lias at Robin Hood's Bay." Simpson, 1855, loi ; 1884, 142, the same. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, sulcate ; ornament, 3c. The diameter is really | inch (16 mm.). The radii are well flexed. The specimen is worn. Genus, Schlotheimia, Bayle, 1878. Geological position about L.L. 16, or higher. Ihe name antedates A. sulcatus, J. Huckman, by a year : the latter may therefore become Schlotheimia sulcifera (see Pal. U. 1904, 39, T2). Result Schlotheimia sulcata, Sfmpson sp. 1843, Sinemurian [slellare- oxynotum zone], near Whitby. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXXVIII Fig I Fig. 2 Ammonites sulcatus, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 743, Holotyjie Fig. I, Side view; Fig. 2, Peripheral view; both x 1.5 SCHLOTHEIMIA SULCATA, Simpson sp. T911 AM MONTIES SVLCATUS 38c Comparable Species Am. lacunalus, J. Buckman, 1844, xi, 4, [5] ; Reynes, 1879, XLV, 3-6; Pal. U. 1905, 78, 4, 5. Am. lacunatus ; Dumortier, 1867 (II) xxi, 18-20. Mgoceras lacunatum ; Wright, 1882, lvi, 16-18. Mg. deletum, Canavari, 1882, xviii, 13. Am. lacunatus ; Quenstedt, 1884, xxii, 1-4. Schlotheimia sp. ind., Canavari, 1888, iv, 13. 5. lacunata ; S. Buckman, 1905, 78, Mi. S. suhpolita, Id., 78, M6. S. subslriata, S. Buckman, 1906, x, 3. S. lacunata ; Id., x, 13, 14. 39. scokesbyi, Ammonites XiPHEROCERAS 39b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Nov. 39. AMMONITES SCORESBYI, Simpson (Plates XXXIXa,b,c) Original Description " 14. A[mmonites] Scoresbyi. [M. Simpson, 1843, p. 12.] [" I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow. " a. No spines." p. 7.] " Volutions 6 or 7, exposed ; radii prominent on the sides, obsolete on the back and on the inner margin of the whorls, nearly equal to the concave spaces between them ; striae annular, fringed ; aperture circular ; diameter 8 inches. " In many respects this resembles A. Belcheri ; but the fimbriated stria;, the form of the aperture, as well as its large size, and coarse radii, point it out as a distinct species. On the sides of the whorls, also, may be traced two rows of obscure tubercles. All that I have seen were of a large size, and were procured from the lowest beds of Lias at R. H. Bay. I have named it in honour of the Rev. Dr. Scoresby, a native of Whitby, who has done eminent service to Natural History, and Physical Science ; and who, from comparatively small beginnings, by close application, activity, and perseverance, has raised himself to successive stations of honour and usefulness." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, 69, places the species under " b. Armed with spines or distinct tubercles " [p. 58] — " Two rows of spines " [p. 68]. He adds [p. 69], after " sides," " with two rows of blunt tubercles " ; after " striae," has " obsolete " ; instead of 2nd par., has " This is principally dis- tinguished from A. Birchii by the smallness of the tubercles. — L. L., R. H. Bay." Simpson, 1884, 103, as 1855. Remarks Stages, conch, scrpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 5**, with signs of catagenesis to a costatc stage. This is the bituberculate species of the genus. By " striae fringed " Simpson means the condition of test illustrated by .Wright, 1880, xxv, 2, 3. Genus, Xipheroceras (Gen. iv) ; family Deroceratidae, Hyatt. The geological position is presumably about L.L. 21-23. An immature example from the Lycett coll. labelled " L.L., R. H. Bay " is preserved in the Geological Survey Museum, No. 23616, and is depicted PI. XXXIX C. Its ontogeny shows ornament i, 3, 4, 5*, 5**, or the passage from a planicosta through a ziphus stage to scoresbyi. Stage 5** is first perceptible at about 12 mm. diameter. Result Xipheroceras scoresbyi, Simpson sp. 1843, Sinemurian, [obtusum zone] Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXXIXa Ammonites scoresbyi, Simpson, 1843 Wliitby Museum, No. 173, Holotype Side view x 0.64 XIPHEROCERAS SCORESBYI, Simpson sp. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXXI Xb Ammonites scoresbyi, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 173, Holotype Peripheral view x 0.64 XIPHEROCERAS SCORESBYI, Simpson sp 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XXXI Xc Fig. I Fig. 2 XiPHEROCERAS SCORESBYI, SiMPSON SP., 1843 Geol. Survey Mu.seum, No. 23616, ex Lycett coll., Topotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view XIPHEROCERAS SCORESBYT, Simpson sp. '^^' AMMONITES SCORESBYI 39c Comparable Species Am. ziphus ; Reynes, 1879, xl, 13-17. Am. armatus rasinodus, Quenstedt, 1884, xxiv, 26. Am. rotundaries ; Id., xxiv, 27. 40. ACUTICARINATUS, H Ammonites Arnioceras 4ob YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Nov. 40. AMMONITES ACUTICARINATUS, Simpson (Plate XL) Original Description " 171. A[mmonites] acuticarinatu;;. [M. Simpson, 1855, p. 94.] [" III. Keel between two furrows." p. go. " b. Furrows distinct." p. gj.] " Volutions 7 or 8, exposed ; radii separated by concave spaces, sharp, faint on the inner margin, gradually increasing towards the keel, where they suddenly turn towards the mouth ; keel slender, sharp, prominent, entire ; aperture ovate ; diameter 2-} inches. " This greatly resembles A. semicostatus, but the sides of the whorls are more rounded, the keel sharper and more prominent, and without any distinct furrow on either side. It is from the Lower Lias at R. H. Bay. " I formerly named this shell A. Youngi ; but I was afterwards reminded that another from the Speton clay (A. rotula, Sow.) had been named A. Youngi, by Mr. Bean, and described by Young, previous to the publication of Sowerby's description." Additional Details. Simpson, 1884, 133, 134, adds " L.L., 25, R. H. Bay " to end of first paragraph. Omits last sentence of the second. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, 4 ; ornament, 1-5. Genus, Arnioceras, Hyatt, 1867 (Gen. vl) ', family Arietidae. Result Arnioceras acuticarinatum, Simpson sp. 1855, Sinemurian, [semi- costatum zone], Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XL Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites acuticarinatus, Simpson, 1855 Wliitl)y Maseum, No. 295, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view ARNIOCERAS ACUTICARINATUM, Simpson sp. I 1911 AMMONITES ACUTICARINATUS 40c Comparable Species Am. scmicoslatus. Young & Bird, 1828, xii, 10. Am. kridion ; d'Orbigny, 1844, li, 1-6, type of Am. hartmanni, Oppel, 1856, p. 79, and Arnioceras kridi/orme, Hyatt, 1867, p. 74. Arnioceras cuneiforme, Hyatt, 1867, p. 73 ; 1889, 11, A. incipiens, Id., p. 74. Arietites semicostaius ; Blake, 1876, vi, 4[a]. Arnioceras hartmanni ; Hyatt, 1889, 11, 17. 41- COMl'ACTILIS, Ammonites PSEUDOLIOCERAS i i 4ib YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Nov. 41. AMMONITES COMPACTILIS, Simpson (Plates XLIa,b) Original Description " 119. A[mmonites] compactilis. [M. Simpson, 1855, p. 75.] [" II. With a keel on the back. " a. Outer whorl broad." p. 72.] " Much depressed ; inner volutions nearly concealed, outer whorl more than J the diameter ; radii waving, nearly obsolete ; obsoletely striated ; keel rounded, entire ; aperture acutely triangular, or ovate ; diameter ij inch. " This, Hke Boulbiensis, and the next [A. lectus, Simp.] has the keel formed by a slight groove on either side, and some specimens have a faint rim round the small umbilicus ; but it is a much more depressed and elegant species than A. Boulbiensis. The foliations of the septa are also very different, being far more delicate and numerous, crowding the whole surface with their ramifications ; one set of lobes touching, or nearly touching one another. I can count six principal lobes between the keel and the inner margin of the whorl." Additional Details Simpson, 1884, no, adds to end of first par. " U.L., 7." Remarks Stages, conch, oxycone ; periphery, 3c, concavifastigate ; orna- ment, 3c. The slight groove on either side of the keel is presumably the relic of a furrow such as that shewn by A. suhconcavus, No. 10. It is not certain that the specimen (PI. XLIa) is the type ; but it agrees with Simpson's description and measurement. It may be the type from its history : it belonged to Dr. Lycett, and bears his label, thus : " This is the A. compactilis of Simpson. It approaches Lythensis, but as it comes from a different bed, has different sutures, and the outer whorl always entirely overlaps the inner, I consider it a species." Genus, Pseiidolioceras, S. Buckman, 1889 ; family Hildoceratidae. Geological position, Simpson says U.L. 7 ( = Jet Rock) ; Blake, 1876, 309, gives " zone of A. jurensis." Result PsEUDOLiocERAS COMPACTILE, SiMPSON sp. 1855, Yeovilian {stria- tulum zone, Peak], Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XLIa Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites compactilis, Simpson, 1855 Geol. Survey Museum, No. 24914, ex Lycett coll., Holotype ? Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Apertural view PSEUDOLIOCERAS COMPACTILE, Simpson sp. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XLIb Fig. 2 Fig. I Ammonites compactilis, Simpson, 1855 Whitby Mu.seum, No. 298, Metatype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view PSEUDOLIOCERAS COMPACTILE, Simpson sp. 1911 AMMONITES COMPACTILIS 41c Comparable Species Am. boidbiensis, Young & Bird, 1822, 252 (No. 11). Am. lythensis ; Dumortier, 1874, xi, 9, 10 = Pseudolioceras dumor- tieri, S. Buckman, 1905, p. clviii. Harpoceras compadile ; Blake, 1876, viii, 6. H. compadile ; Haug, 1884, xiv, i. Am. wiirttenhergeri, Denckmann, 1887, i, i ; iv, 7. Am. falcodiscus, Quenstedt, 1885, liv, 22, 48. Pseudolioceras compadile ; S. Buckman, 1889, XX, 3, 4 = P. gradatum, S. Buckman, 1902, p. clviii ; XX, 5, 6 = P. pumilum, Id. p. clix. Harpoceras (Pseudolioceras) compadile ; Janensch, 1902, v, 5. See also Nos. 10, 11, 13, 42, 43. 42. WHITBIENSE, PSEUDOLIOCERAS \ 42b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Nov. 42. PSEUDOLIOCERAS WHITBIENSE, nov. (Plate XLII) Original Description Stages, conch, oxycone ; periphery, 3c ; ornament, 4c. Whorls slightly gibbous towards periphery, which carries a low septicarina with a small depression on each side (periphery concavifastigate). Ornament, somewhat broad, distant, sigmoidal ribs, of low relief, somewhat irregular, and somewhat bunched in pairs. Umbilicus almost concave ; the walls being planate, just the inner rim of each whorl makes a small feature. Distinction From A. compactilis, Simpson, No. 41, the whorls are stouter, more gibbous towards periphery, which is not so sharp ; the ribs are more pronounced, fewer, broader, and irregular. From P. gradatum, S. Buckman, the more pronounced ornament, especially the ribs on the inner part of whorls ; also the sides less definitely separated from the carina. From A. wurttenbergeri, Denckmann, more inflated whorls especially towards periphery ; more distinct ornament. Remarks This is very near to the species figured by Haug as A. compactilis ; and it is evidently a form regarded by Simpson as belonging to his species. Its exact horizon is uncertain : it is not from the same bed as A. compactilis (No. 41) ; its condition is more that of A. lecius, (No. 43). Result PSEUDOLIOCERAS WHITBIENSE, nov. [Whitbian, lilli-variahilis zone ? Peak] near Whitby. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XLII I'ig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites compactilis, Simpson, 1855 Whitl)y Museum, No. 228, Metatype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view PSEUDOLIOCERAS WHITBIENSE, nov. 1911 PSEUDOLIOCERAS WHITBIENSE 42c Comparable Species See A. compactilis, No. 41. 43- LECTUS, Ammonites pseudolioceras 43b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Nov. 25. AMMONITES LECTUS, Simpson (Plate XLIII) Original Description " 74. A[mmonites] lectus. [M. Simpson, 1843, p. 34.] [" II. With a keel on the back. " a. Outer whorl broad." p. 31.] " Much depressed ; volutions 4 or 5, inner ones nearly concealed, outer whorl more than J the diameter ; radii waving, nearly obsolete ; stria numerous, waving ; keel slightly crenated ; diameter i^ inch. " The sides of the whorls are regularly convex as in A. ovatus ; the keel is slightly crenated by the radii passing over it, and is little more than the sharp edge of the back, with a slight groove on each side. In this respect, as well as in its general appearance, it greatly resembles A. Boulbiensis, of which I once thought it a mere variety ; but as the inner margin of the whorls is much depressed, so as to leave but a very shallow umbilicus, and as I am not aware that it is ever found in the same beds with A. Boulbiensis, but in others considerably lower in the series, I conclude it to be a distinct species." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, 75, for " crenated " has " crenulated " in first par. ; then adds " aperture acutely triangular, or ovate " ; in 2nd par. omits remark about " variety " after " Boulbiensis " ; omits " as " after the following " but " ; omits all after " umbilicus." Simpson, 1884, no, as in 1855, but adds to end of first par. " U.L., 7." Remarks Stages, conch, oxycone ; periphery, 3c, concavifastigate ; orna- ment 3c. Genus, Pseudolioceras, S. Buckman, i88g ; family Hildoceratidse. The much compressed whorls with shallow, comparatively open umbihcus mark this species as very separable from most other species of the genus. Geological position, Simpson says U.L. 7 ( = Jet Rock) ; Blake, 1876, 309, zone of A. jurensis. Result Pseudolioceras lectum, Simpson sp. 1843, fWhitbian, lilli- variabilis zone ? Peak], near Whitby. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XLITT Fig. I Fig. 2 F'g- 3 Ammonites lectus, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Mu.seum, No. 238, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view ; Fig. 3, Suture line (x 4) approximate PSEUDOLIOCERAS LECTUM, Simpson sp. 1911 AMMONITES LECTVS 43c Comparable Species Am. concavus ; d'Orbigny, 1845, cxvi, (2 species). Am. concavus ; Chapuis & Dewalque, 1855, VIII, 3. Harpoceras ledum ; Blake, 1876, viii, 7. Am. falcodiscus, Quenstedt, 1885, liv, 23, 24. See also Nos. 10, 11, 13, 41, 42. 44- MILES, Ammonites Deroceras 44b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Nov. 44. AMMONITES MILES, Simpson (Plate XLIV) Original Description " 91. A[mmonites] miles. [M. Simpson, 1855, p. 65.] [" I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow." p. 35. " b. Armed with distinct spines or tubercles." p. 58.] " Volutions 6, exposed, slender ; radii separated by rather wide spaces, terminate near the back in long, pointed spines ; striae numerous, undulating, annular; aperture roundish; diameter 31 in. " This is a smooth and more elegant species than the last [A. armatus. Sow.] ; the spines are more distant, and there cannot be reckoned more than two or three striae on each spine. The sides of the outer whorl are often rather flattened, and the spines being long and slender, are very generally knocked off. " Inner volutions striated, but without spines or radii. — L.L., R. H. Bay." Additional Details Simpson, 1884, 97, 98, adds at end " v " after " L.L." (98). Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 5*. Genus, Deroceras, Hyatt, 1867 ; family, Deroceratidae, Hyatt. The geological position given by Simpson is in the valdani-zone : this seems too high, unless there be derivation. Result Deroceras miles, Simpson sp. 1855, Charmouthian [hemera armati ?] Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1911 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XLIV Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites miles, Simpson, 1855 Whitby Museum, No. 162, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view DEROCERAS MILES, Simpson sp. '^^' AMMONITES MILES 44c f Comparable Species Am. armatus, J. Sowerby, 1815, xcv. Am. marshallani, Simpson, 1843, p. 24. Am. owenensis, Id., p. 25. Am. armatus ; d'Orbigny, 1844, lxx. Am. muticus, Id., lxxx. Deroceras armaium ; Bayle, 1878, l. Am. armatus ; Wright, 1880, xxviii. Am. armatus fila, Quenstedt, 1884, xxv, 7. Am. armatus Una, Id., xxv, 8. Am. armatus distans. Id., xxvi, 7. ^goceras armatum ; Hug, 1899, vii, 4, 5. YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES EDITED HY S. S. BUCKMAN, k.g.s., AUTHOR or A MoNUOKAHH OF iNFliRIOR OOLITE AmMONITKS, 1887-I907 The Urifjinai descriptions reprinted, and illustrated by figures of the types, reproduced from photographs mainly by ll J. W. TUTCHER Part VI 9 Plates, and Descriptions Nos. 45—51 LONDON : WILLIAM WESLEY AND SON, 7,8 KSSEX STREKT, STRAND I9I2 CONTENTS Part \T l)cscrif>tioiis :-' 43. A. nuiculaUis Plates XI.Va,}! 46. A. heterogenes „ XLVI 47. A. integricostatus „ XLVII 48. A. siphuncularis , XLVIII 40. A. cereus „ XLIX 50. A. perarmatus ,, L 51. A. athleticus , LIa,b CHELTENHAM NORMAN, SAWYER AND CO. LTD., PRINTERS ST. GEORGES HALL 45- maculatus, Ammonitks Andro(;vnockra.s 45b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Feb. 45. AMMONITES MACULATUS, Young & Bird (Plate XLV) Original Description [Young & Bird, 1822, pp. 248, 327.] " No, 12, PI. XIV, is a much smaller shell (than a. acuHcostahis]. from the blue limestone, or rather from alluvial nodules of blueish lime- stone, having also very sharp ribs, but continued round the back ; and having the aperture round. The original shell is brown with some white spots, as in a. Hildensis ; so that we may name this s])ecies a. maculatiis. A similar species, or a variety of the same species, also from the alluvium, has on the sides two small knobs upon each rib ; the one towards the back, and the other, which is the smallest, towards the inside." " [P. 327] Plate XIV. Fig. 12. Ammonites maculatiis. Alluvium." Additional Details Young & Bird, 1828, p. 259. " In the same beds fas A. Hawsker- ensis] we find that beautiful ammonite, No. q, PI. xiv ; which we have named A. maciilatus, as it is usually found of a brown colour, spotted with white or yellow ; though sometimes it is found entirely brown, or dark olive. It is akin to A. gagateus. No. 7, PI. xii : l)eing marked with prominent smooth ribs, which )mss round the back, where they are generally somewhat flattened, and make a sliglit turn ui)vvards. The aperture is circular ; in which respect, and in the more rapid diminu- tion of the whirls, it differs frorn A. gagateus." Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; jieriphery, i ; ornament. 4, massive. (ienus, Androgynoccras, Hyatt ((ien. 777') ; family Lii)aroceralida'. This species presents the Capricorn stage. The s])ecimens with small knobs, mentioned by Young & Bird (1822, 248), and those with inflated whorls, noticed by Simpson (1855, 48), are forms in transition towards Am. heterogenes (No. 46). Simpson, 1884, p. xix, enters the species in Lower Lias c. He ]ilaces what he calls .1. capricnrnus 4 beds above, over 20 feet liigher. Result Androgynoceras maculatum. Young & Bird sp. 1822. |Char- mouthian, striatum zone, near Whitby], alluvium. 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XLVa Ammonites maculatus, Young & Bird, 1822 Whitby Museum, No. 49J, Holotype,— Figd. PI. xiv, f. 12,— Side view A\DK0(;YN0CERAS MACULATUM, Young & Bird sp. 1 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES I Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites maculatus, Young & Bird, 1822 Whitby Museum, No. 493, Holotype, — Figd. PI. xiv, f. 12. Fig. I, Apertural view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view ANDROGYNOCERAS MACULATUM, Young & Bird sp. I I 1912 A MMONITES MA C ULA TVS 45c Comparable Species Am. capricornns, Schlotheim, 1820. Am. planicosta ; d'Orbigny, 1844, LXV. Am. adnethicns, Hauer, 1854, i. .Im. ferstli. Id. 11. .Am. macitlatus ; Quenstedt, 1856, xiv, 9. .Egoceras capricornns ; Bayle, 1878, l, 2. ,Eg. maculatiim ; Wright, 1880, xxxiv, 1-3. .Am. capricornns ; Quenstedt, 1884, xxxiv, 1, 13. Am. latcccostii ; Id. xxxiv, 2, 3. .Am. macnliitiis : Id. xxxiv, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10. lAparoccras capricornn ; Richardson, 1904, .xv, 7. And see Nos. 46, 47, 48. 46. hkterogenes, Ammonites Androgynoceras 46b YORKSHIRI-: TYPE AMMONITES Eeb. 46. AMMONITES HETEROGENES, Young & Bird (Plate XLVI) Original Description [Young & Bird, 1828, pp. 263, 264, 359. J " One of the most singular of all our ammonites, is that figured, PI. XIV, No. 7 ; the outer whirl of which, has also two rows of knobs. The interior part of the shell is comparatively flat, with ribs rather prominent, and flattened on the back, very much like those of A. macu- lalus : near the outer whirl, the ribs begin to have two slight knobs on the sides ; and on that whirl, the ribs grow depressed |p. 264] and the knobs elevated, making two prominent rows, as is sometimes the case in the outer whirls of the A. perarmatus in the oolite, formerly noticed. But the most remarkable circumstance to be stated is, that the last part of the outer whirl suddenly swells to a great thickness, as if it had belonged to another shell ; the difference being the more striking, as the ribs in this part, instead of being flattened on the back, are each split into three, at the outer row of knobs. The mouth, as in the last species \A. heptangiilaris], is subpentangular. We may name this singular shell A . heterogencs. Having examined three specimens, all agreeing in form, we are fully satisfied, that it is not. as we at first suspected, two different ammonites accidentally combined. The interior whirls are much more displayed than in No. i [.1. heptangiilaris]. " [P- 359] Plate XIV. Fig. 7. A. heterogenes. Alum shale." Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone, incipiently sphrerocone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 4 and 5**. Genus", Androgynoceras, Hyatt 1867, (Gen. Hi) and family Liparo- ceratidie. Geological position according to Simpson (1884. 104) " L.L., I-' ... It occurs in the same beds with A. maculatus." Result Androgynocer.\s heterogenes, Young & Bird sp. 1828. |Char- mouthian, striatum zone, near Whitby.] 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Fig. 2 Ammonites heterogenes, Young & Bird, 1828 Whitby Museum, No. 195, Holotype,— Figd. PI. xiv f 7 Fig. I, Side view; Fig. 2, Apertural view (outline) ANDROGYNOCERAS HETEROGENES, Young & Bird sr 1912 AMMONITES HETEROGENES 46c Comparable Species \ Am. henleyi. J. Sowerhy, 1817, CLXXii. i Am. latcecosla, J. de C. Sowerhy, 1827, dlvi, 2 [i]. ^ Am. heferogeneiis, Phillips, 1S29, xii, ig. .■im. hybrida. d'Oibigny, 1844, i.xxxv. • , .\mirogynoceras appressiim, Hyatt, 1867, p. 83. I Liparoccras indecisum, Id. I .Egoccras henleyi ; Wright, 1880, xxxiii. i .Eg. latcecosla ; Id., xxxii, i. \ ,Eg. maciilatum ; Id., xxxiv, 4-6. < .Eg. heterogoium, Id., xxxv, 4-6 ; xxxvi. ' .Am. strialus parinodus, Quenstedt, 1884, xxviii, 26. : ,4m. intracapricornus, Id., xxix, 9. ] And see Nos. 45, 47, 48. \ 47- integricostatus, Ammonites Androgynoceras 47b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Feb. 47. AMMONITES INTEGRICOSTATUS, Simpson (Plate XLVII) Original Description " 40. Afmmonites] integricostatus. [M. Simpson, 1855, p- 4^-] I" I. Without a dorsal keel or fun-ow. " a. No spines, p. 35.] " This resembles A. gagateus, but it is more depressed, and the whorls are more slender, very prominent on the back, and separated by wide concave spaces ; the aperture is about a semi-circle. " The outer whorls of this ammonite are rather abundant in a bed a little to the south of Bay town ; but the inner whorls are so decom- posed as not to admit of description." Simpson, 1884, 76, the same. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 4. It is evident that the words " the radii " should have stood before " very prominent " in the original description. This is a primitive Capricorn, and may be the ancestor of the Liparoceratidffi on the one hand, and of Echioceras on the other : the latter is the earlier of the two series, but it carries the development of the periphery further — to stage 5. Genus, Androgytioceras, Hyatt, (Gen. Hi) according to present knowledge ; family Liparoceratida, Hyatt. Geological position pre- sumably about L.L. 13. Result Androgynoceras integricostatum, Simpson sp. 1835, Sinemurian, \oxynotum zone ?], Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XLVII Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites integricostatus, Simpson, 1855 Whitby Museum, No. 92, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view ANDROGYNOCERAS INTEGRICOSTATUM, Simpson sp. 1912 A MMONITES INTEGRICOSTA TUS 47c Comparable Species Am. siphuncularis, Simpson, 1843, p. 46. Am. circumdatiis ; Reynes, 1879, xxviii, 19-22. Am. sirins, Id., l, 26-32. See also \os. 45, 46, 48. 48. SU'llUNCULARIS, Ammonites Andkugynoceras 48b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Feb. 4S. AMMONITES SIPHUN'CULARIS, Simpson (Plate XI.VIII) Original Description "87. A|mnionitesJ siphunculaiis. |M. Simpson, 1843, j). 4').] [" II. With a keel on the back." p. 31. " b. Outer whorl narrower." \>. 44.] " De])ressed, volutions 4, exposed ; radii straight, strong, obtuse, separated by narrow furrows ; siphuncle on the back equal to half the breadth of the whorl ; diameter ,% inch. " This is a most singular species, the keel being formed of a very distinct tube, which deeply indents the inner part of the succeeding whorls ; if we neglect the keel, the aperture would be nearly round. It is from the lower beds of lias at Robin Hood's Bay ; for the discovery of this, as well as many other species, we are indebted to 1 homas Crosby, a diligent collector of fossils, who has brought to light many large and interesting species, and who has a quick eye in detecting small ones." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, 88, ends ist sentence of 2nd par. with " tube " ; then proceeds instead of rest of par. " In one sj)ecimen, part of the tube has been broken off, and the radii are seen to pass over the back, strongly resembling those of A. maculatus. The cast is smooth and the shell rough.— L.L., R.H. Bay." Simpson, 1884, 126, i)ractically the same. RciiKirks Stages, conch, serpenlicone ; ])eri])hery, I : ornanionl, 4. ■ Tlie tube which caused Simj)son to give the name is due to a Serpula. This is a jmmitive Capricorn, which, if it developed, may have given rise to Androgynoceras or other genera of Lij)eroceratidK, or, perhaps, to Echioccras. A generic name is uncertain. Therefore Androgynoceras ? Hyatt, i8()7 ; family Liparoceratidte. The geological jwsition is pre- sumably L.L. 15. RcsitU Andkogynocer.\s ? siPHLNCULARE, SiMPSON sp. iiS4J, Sincmuriau, [oxynotmn zone ?], Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Fig. I Fig. 2 Fig. I a Ammonites siphuncularis, Simpson, 1843 ,. Whitby Museum, No. 485 Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. la, Peripheral view, of Holotype ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view of Heautotype : all x 2 ANDROGYNOCERAS SIPHUNCULARE, Simpson sp. I 1912 AMMONITES SIPHUNCULARIS 48c Comparable Species See Am. inlegricosiatus, No. 47 ; also compare No. 49. 49- CKREUS, Ammonitks echiocekas 49b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Feb. 40. AMMONITES CEREUS, Simpson (Plate XLIX) Original Description " 42. A[mmonites] cereus. [M. Simpson, 1855, p. 47.] \" I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow. " a. No spines." p. 35.] " Volutions 6, exposed, outer whorl nearly |- the diameter ; radii very prominent on the sides, nearly obsolete on the back, separated by rather wide concave spaces ; aperture ovate, transverse ; diameter nine-tenths inch. " Shell smooth and bright, with a few striae, colour light-brown. L.L. ; Mr. Ripley's Col. A dditio nal Details Simpson, 1884, 77, adds " of an " after " nine-tenths " ; adds " R.H. Bay " after " L.L." ; omits " Mr. Ripley's Col." Remarks Stages, conch, serjienticone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 4. There is a certain likenass in this species to costate Xipheroceras : but the suture line negatives the association : it points to connection with the .4. raricostatus series, in which absence of a keel is a primitive feature. Genus Echioceras, Bayle, 1878. Geological position uncertain. It is not black like specimens of L.L. 13 ; it is not pyritized : it is of a 3'ellowisli brown calcareous appearance (wax-like). Result Echioceras cereum, Simpson sp. 1855, Sinemurian \ox\')io/um zone or lower ?] Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES XLIX Fig. I Fig- 3 Fig. 2 Fig- 4 Ammonites cereus, Simpson, 1855 Whitby Museum, No. 461, Holotype tig. I, Side view; Fig. 2, Apertural view; Fig. 3, Peripheral view: all nat. size ; Fig. 4, Suture-line (approximate), x 4 ECHIOCERAS CEREUM, Simpson sp. 1912 AMMONITES CEREUS 49c Comparable Species Am. planicosta ; Dumortier, 1867, (II), xxv, 1-3. Am. vesta, Reynes, 1879, xlv, 47-49, copy of Dumortier as above. Am. Samuel, Id., xlv, 25-27. .im. raricostatus ; Quenstedt, 1884, .xxiv. i. And see No. 19. t 50. perarmatus, Ammonites porpoceras 5ob YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Feb. 50. AMMONITES PERARMATUS, Young cS: I'.mr) (Plate L) Original Description [Young & Bird, 1822, pp. 249, 250, 327.] " No. II, PI. XIV, is a shell with similar markings |to a. armatiis, PI. XIII, No. q], but of a species quite distinct ; for the spire, instead of being nearly rounded, appears as if gieatly compressed from the back inwards, and the interior shows a deep cavity on both sides, the outer whirls forming a high border around it. Besides, the button and loo]i marking does not give place to plain ribs in the interior part, but con- tinues towards the [p. 250] centre. Its knobs are more strong and prominent than those of the last shell. . . We may call . No. 11. PI. XIV, a. perarmatiis." " [P. 327] Plate XIV. Fig. II. Ammonites pcrarmattts. Alum shale." Additional Details Young & Bird, 1828, p. 263, — " Sowerby has mistaken the A. pcrarmalns of our First Edition for our A. subarmatus, and figured it under the latter name. Tab. 407. i : which name we shall allow it to retain. Its sides are marked in the button and loop style, as in A. fibulatus ; but the whirl is very differently shaped, being greatly compressed from the back inwards, and rapidly diminishing in thickness : the central part on the side forming a deep cavity, round which the outer whorl rises like a high ridge, often surmounted with strong spines, as in Sowerby's A. Listeri, Tab. 501. i. We have figured this shell, which we shall now call A. subarmatus, PI. xiv, .\o. 8. It is not plentiful, and at the same time it admits of varieties ; the sides varying in Ihcii depth, and the knobs and ribs in their sharpness and prominence." Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament. 5*. The ]ieriphery is, in part, abraded. In the somewhat crateriform umbilicus there is only a trace of fibulation ; ornament otherwise is regularlv tuberculate. Genus, Porpoceras (Gen. 77) ; family, Dactyloidas. Hyatt, 1867: In the same year, 1822, in June, the title Ammonites perarmatus was given by James Sowerby to a species [Aspidoceras'] " found in the PisoHte fCorallian] of Malton [Yorkshire] — M. C. iv, 72. In p. 146, footnote, May, 1823, J. de C. Sowerby says " We had not seen the Geol. of the Yorkshire coast, when A. perarmatus, tab. 352 was published." This seems to imply that Young & Bird's work was published first, and that their A. perarmatus takes precedence. However, as the names are homonyms, not synonyms, and the genera are now distinct, both the trivial titles can remain. ' Result Porpoceras per.\rm.\tum. Young Si Bird sp, 1822, Whitbian, \fihrdatmn zone, near Whitby]. 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites perarmatus, Young & Bird, 1822 Whitby Museum, No. 180, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Apertural view PORPOCERAS PERARMATUM, Young & Bird sp. J9!2 AMMONITES PERARMATUS 50c Comparable Species Am. subarmatus ; J. de C. Sowerby, 1823, ccccvii, i. Am. subarmatus ; Young & Bird, 182S, xiv, S. Am. subarmatus : Brown, 1857, xi, 6. Stephanoceras subarmatum ; Wright, 1884, i.xxxv, i. And see No. 29. 51. ATHLETICUS, Ammonites Dactvliockras 5rb YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Ecb. 51. AMMONITES ATHLETICUS, Simi-son (Plates LIa,b) Original Dcscriplivn " i8y. A|mmonites] athleticus. |M. Simpson, 1855, 102.] " This resembles A. communis, hut more robust ; the ribs are sharper, and i7iore elevated, some s])lit in two on the outer margin of the whorl, others pass over the back undivided ; inner margin ol the whorls promi- nent ; aperlme ovate ; diameter 4 inches. A dditional Details Simpson, 1884, 82, adds to first part of sentence " is " after " but " ; adds " M. L. Hawsker " at end of description. He places the species with those which " have a family resemblance to A. communis : — whorls narrow, exposed, with numerous slender, annular ribs, which generally split in two on the back " (j). 81I. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone : periphery, i ; ornament 4. .According to the metatyi)e (PL LIb, f. i) the young shell is a fine ribbed form, and there is anagensis (? renewed) of the costa;. The genus is Dacfylioceras, Hyatt, 1867, 95 ; family Dactyloidie, Hyatt. The geological position is presumably the very toj) of the Middle Lias, Simpson's Div. a. Result D.\CTYLiocER.\s ATHLETicuM, SiMPSON sp. 1855, Domerian, [aciiliim zone ?] Hawsker, near Whitby. 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Ammonites athleticus, Simpson, 1855 Whitby Museum, No. 123, Holotype, Side view DACTYLIOCERAS ATHLETICUM, Simpson sp. 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Fig. I Fig. 2 'miiummn^ Ammonites athleticus, Simpson, 1855 Whitby Museum, No. 123a, Metatype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view DACTYLIOCERAS ATHLETICUM, Simpson sp. 1912 AMMONITES ATHLETICVS 51C ( \iin parable S/>ccics Am. Iwlandrci, d'Orbigny, 1S45, cv. Am. communis; Chapuis and Dewalque, 1855, vii, j, viii, i. Am. annnlatus ; Dumortier, 1874, xxvi, 3, 4. Stephanoceras commune : Wright, 1884, lxxxiv, i, 2 ; Lxxxvii, q, 10. Am. hraunianus : Quen.stedt, 1885, XLVI, 18. Am. raristriatus, Id. xlvi, 5. And see No. 31. , YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES EDITED liV S. S. BUCKMAN, k.g.s., AUTHOR OF- "A Monograph of Lnfkrior Oolite Ammonites, i8(S7-i907' The Original descriptions reprinted, and illustrated by figures of the types, reproduced from photographs mainly by J. VV. TUTCHER Part VII 9 Plates, and Descriptions Nos. 52 — 60 LONDON : WILLIAM WESLEY AND SON, 28 ESSEX STREET, STRAND igi2 CONTENTS Part VII Descriptions : — 52. A. solitarius 53. A. trivialis 54. A. tenellus 55. A. flavus 56. A. limatus 57. A. andraei 58. A. crassulosus 59. A. fonticulus 60. A. crosbeyi Plate LII LIII LIV LV LVI LVII LVIII LIX LX CHELTENHAM NORMAN, SAWYER AND CO. LTD.. PRINTERS ST. George's hall 52. solitarius, Ammonites Paltopleuroceras 52b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES May 52. AMMONITES SOLITARIUS, Simpson (Plate LII) Original Description " 169. A[mmonites] solitarius. [M. Simpson, 1855, p. 93.] " [III. Keel between two furrows, p. 90. " b. Furrows distinct." p. 93.] " Volutions 5, exposed, outer whorl \ the diameter of the shell, sides flatted ; radii numerous, equal, prominent, nearly straight to the outer margin of the whorl, then suddenly bend towards the aperture, equal to the intervening concave spaces ; keel rounded, strongly crenated, the furrows on either side nearly obsolete ; aperture oblong quadrate ; diameter ij inch." " On the inner whorls of this ammonite may be seen a row of tubercles, at a short distance from the outer margin. The shell, as far as can be observed, appears very thin, and quite smooth and shining ; but very little of it remains, and the cast is roughish, exhibiting the ramifications of the septa rather rounded, and very numerous, covering nearly the whole surface of the shell with their meanderings. — L.L. ; R.H.B ; [Lower Lias, Robin Hood's Bay] ; Mr, Morley's Col." Additional Details Simpson, 1884, 133, places " L.L., R.H. Bay " at end of first par. instead of 2nd ; omits the three words at end of description. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, 5, crenulate ; ornament, 4c, (5* inner whorls). This form illustrates the passage from tuberculate to costate species. Genus, Paltopleuroceras, S. Buckman, 1898, 453 ; family, Amaltheidre. The geological position given by Simpson is certainly incorrect : the species would be from the top of the Middle Lias. Result Paltopleuroceras solitarium, Simpson sp. 1855, Domerian, [spinatmn zone], Robin Hood's Bay? near Whitby. 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES LII Fig. I Fig- i Ammonites solitarius, Simpson, 1855 Whitby Museum, No. 500, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view ; Fig. 3, Suture line (approximate), x 3 PALTOPLEUROCERAS SOLITARIUM, Simpson sp. 1912 AMMONITES SO LIT A RI US 52c Comparable Species Am. Solaris, Phillips, 1829, iv, 29. Am. costatus nudus, Quenstedt, 1858, XXI, 3, = Pleuroceras pseudocostatum, Hyatt, 1867, p. 90. Am. spinatus ; Meneghini, 187-, xiii, 3-5. Amaltheus solitarius, Blake, 1876, vin, 2, = Paltopleuroceras apyrenum, S. Buckman, 1911, p. 24d. Am. costatus nudus, Quenstedt, 1885, xlii, 19. Am. cf. costatus ; Id., xlii, 22. Paltopleuroceras pseudocostatum ; Richardson, 1904, xiv, 10. See also Nos. 22, 24. 53- trivialis, Ammonites polymorphites 53b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES May 53. AMMONITES TRIVIALIS, Bean MS. (Simpson) (Plate LIII) Original Description " 10. A[inmonites] trivialis. [M. Simpson, 1843, pp. 10, ri.] [" I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow. " a. No spines." p. 7.] " Depressed ; volutions 5, exposed, outer whorl ^ the diameter ; radii numerous, sharp, slender, diverging, form obtuse angles on the back ; aperture subquadrate, widest near the back ; diameter | inch. "This Ijeautiful little ammonite is from the lowest beds of lias. It has been named by my friend Mr. Bean, to whom it has been [p. 11] long known. Like several others from these beds, it is of a fine bronze colour. This together with the elegance of the whorls and radii, render it one of the most beautiful of our ammonites. On the inner whorls the radii are very close, and on the outer whorls, they are gradually more and more separated by flatfish spaces ; the aperture becomes more and more quadrate, and the radii, before passing over the back, form small tubercles. Different individuals vary considerably both in the breadth of the outer whorl, and in the prominence of the radii. On some, the radii are strong and prominent, others have the outer whorl nearly smooth." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, p. 44, — Omits " Depressed " and " aperture sub- quadrate, widest near the back," in first par. Omits 2nd sentence of 2nd par., and last sentence but one. Adds to last sentence " indeed the Varieties are so numerous, that they can scarcely be defined." Simpson, 1884, y^, 74, — p. 74 reads in first sentence of 2nd par. " from the Lower Lias ", and at end says " L.L., x, R.H. Bay, Saltburn." Remarks There are three specimens numbered 105 in Whitby Museum register marked as Simpson's types. Of these the specimen now depicted in Fig. I agrees best with the original description, and may be considered to be the holotype ; the other two being paratypes. Stages, Fig. i, periphery, 2, 2c to ic : ornament 3 to 5 ; Fig. 2, periphery 2 ; ornament 3 to 5 commencing — development disturbed by injury ; Fig. 3, periphery, 2 ; ornament 3, 3c to 2c — temporary cata- genesis ? All have conch serpenticone. Genus, Polymorphites, Sutner in Haug, 1887 ; family, Polymorphidae, Haug. The geological position given by Simpson is where the jamesoni is in contact with the valdani zone : the same position is given by Haug, 1887, 117 (P. polymorphus). Figs. 2 and 3 are referable to forms named by Quenstedt and d'Orbigny, as noted below. Result 1. Polymorphites trivialis, Bean-Simpson sp. 1843 ; 2. Polymorphites mixtus, Quenstedt sp. 1846 ; 3. Polymorphites jupiter, d'Orbigny sp. 1850 ; Charmouthian, valdani zone, Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 7572 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES LIII I'-ig. I Fig. I a Fig. lb Fig. 2 ria. 3 Ammonites trivialis, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 105. Figs, i, Side, la, Peripheral, ib, Apertural views of Holotype; Figs. 2, 3, Side views of Paratypes ' 1. POLYMORPHITES TRIVIALIS, Simpson sp. 2. Polyniorphites mixtus, Quenstedt sp. 3. Polymorphites ju|)iter, d'Orbigny sp. 7.9/2 AMMONITES TRIVIAUS 53c Comparable Species Am. polymorphus quadratus, Quenstedt, 1846, iv, q ; 1856, xv, 15 ; 1884, XXX, 32-35, XXXI, ~5. Am. polymorphus mixtus, Id., iv, 10 ; 1856, xv, 12, 18-20 ; 1884, XXX, 19-27, XXXI, 3. Am. polymorphus interruptus. Id., iv, 11 ; 1856, xv, 17 ; 1884, xxx, 16-18. Am. polymorphus costatus, Id., iv, 12 ; 1856, xv, 13 ; 1884, xxx, 12-15. .Am. polymorphus lineatus, Id. 1846, iv, 13, — Type (?) of Am. Jupiter, d'Orbigny, 1850, p. 225. Am. hybrida ; Oppel, 1853, iii, 4. Am. polymorphus lineatus, Quenstedt, 1856, xv, 14 ; 1884, xxx, 1-6. Amaltheus trivialis ; Blake, 1876, v, 6. Am. polymorphus ; Quenstedt, 1884, xxx, 9-11, 28-31, xxxi, 4. See also Haug, 1887, 115. 54- TENELLUS, H Ammonites ! Arietites J I 54b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES May 54. AMMONITES TENELLUS, Simpson (Plate LIV) Original Description " 178. A[mmonites] tenellus. [M. Simpson, 1855, p. 97.] I" III. Keel between two furrows, p. 90. " b. Furrows distinct." p. 93.] " Much depressed ; volutions 5, inner ones J concealed, outer whorl less than ^ the diameter ; radii separated by widish spaces, straight, turn suddenly towards the aperture near the back ; striae, or lines of growth, numerous, fine, beautifully sharp and distinct upon the keel, which they finely crenate ; keel prominent, round, relieved from the sides of the whorl by a concavity ; aperture triangular or ovate ; diameter 2f inches. " This is a more elegant species than the last [A. impendens, Y. & B.] ; the radii are less prominent, and the groove on the side of the keel much flatter.— L.L. ; R. H. Bay." Simpson, 1884, 137, the same. Remarks Stages, conch, becoming oxycone ; periphery, 4c ; ornament, 4c -3c. The periphery is concavifastigate. The carina bears fine hair-like lines (strise, Simpson). The greatest thickness of the whorl at aperture is II mm., at edge of periphery, 7 mm. Genus, Arietites, Waagen, (Gen. vi) ; family, Arietidae. The geological position is presumably about L.L. 16. Result Arietites tenellus, Simpson sp. 1855, Sinemurian, [stellare zone], Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. IS 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES LIV Ammonites tenellus, Simpson, 1855 Whitby Museum, No. 293, Holotype. Side view ARIETITES TENELLUS, Simpson sp. ! 1972 AMMONITES TENELLUS 54c Comparable Species Am. lurneri? Phillips, 1829, Xiv, 14. Am. coUenotii, d'Orbigny, 1844, xcv, 8. Arielites siellaris ; Geyer, 1886, in, 6. See also No. 35. 55- I'LAVUS, Ammonites oxynoticeras 55b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES May 55. AMMONITES FLAVUS, Simpson (Plate LV) Original Description " 80. A[mmonites] flavus. |M. Simpson, 1843, p. 43.] [" With a keel on the back. " a. Outer whorl broad." p. 31.] " Depressed ; volutions 3 or 4, inner ones | concealed, outer whorl not J the diameter ; keel obtuse ; aperture ovate ; diameter £ inch. " This is not quite so much depressed as the last [A. buckii], and the inner whorls diminish very little in thickness ; it is quite plane, without radii or striae ; the septa are more distant than in the last, and the lobes are less serrated, and not so numerous, it is also from the lower lias at Robin Hood's Bay and has a metallic hue." Additional Details Simpson 1855, 86, omits " Depressed " ; adds in 2nd par. after "striae" — "the shell is cracked ", and before "metallic" has "light." In this case " the last " would refer to A. aliaenus, but that may be an oversight. Simpson, 1884, 123, the same as 1855 ; p. xxi, species entered in Indurated Band 13. Remarks Stages, conch, almost oxycone ; periphery, 2c ; ornament, i. Genus, Oxynoticeras, Hysitt (Gen. H), the species showing cunctative palingenesis, particularly as regards ornament. Family, Arietidae, Hyatt. Result OxYNOTiCERAS FLAVUM, SiMPSON sp. 1843, Sinemurian, oxynotum zone, Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 7572 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES LV Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites flavus, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 481, Holotype Fig. I, Side view; Fig. 2, Apertural view; both x 1.5 OXYNOTICERAS FLAVUM, Simpson sp. 1912 AMMONITES FLAWS 55c Comparable Species Am. cultellus, J. Buckman, 1844, xn, [5] ; refig. Pal. U. 1904, 2S, T2. Am. bottrgeh, Reynes, 1879, xliv, 37, 38. Am. janiis ; Id., XLIV, i, 2. Aegoceras slatteri, Wright, 1882, l, 1-5. Oxynoticeras oxynotum ; Geyer, 1886, iv, 24. See also Nos. 7, 8, 36, 56. -I 56. LIMATUS, Ammonites oxynoticeras 56b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES May 56. AMMONITES LIMATUS, Simpson (Plate LVI) Original Description " 77. A[mmonites] limatus. [M. Simpson, 1843, p. 41.] [" II. With a keel on the back. " a. Outer whorl broad." p. 31.] " This greatly resembles some varieties of the last [A. huntoni], but the foliations of the septa are much more simple." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, 86. — " 150. A. limatus. Simp. — This greatly resembles the last [A. flavus], but the whorls diminish more in thickness, leaving a larger umbilicus ; there are also a few obsolete radii. It is entirely a cast and of a brown colour. — L.L., R.H. Bay." Simpson, 1884, 123, as 1855. Remarks Stages, conch, oxycone ; periphery, 3 (3c ?) ; ornament, 2 (2c ?). There are two specimens sent as types : that with suture Hnes marked (Fig. i) is of the brown colour which Simpson notes, and is, therefore, presumably his holotype ; the other (Fig. 2) is a paratype or metatype. It is more rugose than the first, shows auriculoids, and has a rather larger umbilicus : perhaps it is not the same species. Both are quite immature forms. Genus, Oxynoticeras, Hyatt, (Gen. U) ; family, Arietidfc. The geological position is not stated : it is presumably L.L. 13. Result Oxynoticeras limatum, Simpson sp. 1843, Sinemurian, [oxynotum zone], Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. J 75/2 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES LVI Fig. 2 Fig. I Fig. la Ammonites limatus, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 480, Fig. i, Side view ; la, Apertural view of Holotype. Fig. 2, Side view of Paratype or Metatype ; all x 1.5 OXYNOTICERAS LIMATUM, Simpson sp. 79/2 AMMONITES LIMATUS 56c Comparable Species Aegoceras slatteri, Wright, 1882, l, 6-8. Oxynoticeras sp., Geyer, 1886, 11, 22. See also Nos. 7, 8, 36, 55. 1 57- ANDR.KI, Ammonites porpoceras 57b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES May 57. AMMONITES ANDREI, Simpson (Plate LVII) Original Description 36. A[mmonites] Andrsei. [M. Simpson, 1843, p. 23.] [" I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow, p. 7. " b. Armed with spines or distinct tubercles." p. 22.] " This has nearly the same characters as A. fibulatus ; but the ribs are not in the button and loop style. Each rib has a knob near the back, then splits into two or three. It has been named after Mr. Thos. Andrew, a respectable dealer in fossils in this town." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, 59. — " 76. A. andre/E, Simp. — Volutions 6 or 7, exposed, outer whorl nearly J the diameter ; radii numerous, prominent, form knobs near the outer margin of the whorls, then spHt into 2 or 3 on the back ; aperture subquadrate ; diameter 2J inches. " Towards the aperture, alternate radii are introduced, without knobs, and at length the knobs become entirely obsolete. — U.L." Simpson, 1884, 91, similar. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 5*. Spite of Simpson's assertion, there is a button & loop (fibulate) pattern till about 40 mm. diameter. After that, plain tuberculate pattern. The subsequent failure of knobs is perhaps due to an injury, of which there are signs. The secondary ribs have a slight forward sweep over a flatfish arched periphery. Genus, Porpoceras (Gen. p. v) ', family, Dactyloidas, Hyatt. Geological position, presumably Alum Shale. Result PoRPORCERAS ANDR.«i, SiMPSON sp. 1843, Whitbian [fibulatum zone, near Whitby]. 75/2 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES f'K- 2 Fig. I Ammonites andr/ei, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 520, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Apertural view PORPOCERAS ANDREI, Simpson sp. T912 AMMONITES ANDR.EI 57c Comparable Species Am. boUensis, Zieten, 1830, xii, 3. Am. siibarmatus ; Meneghini, 187-, xiv, 4. Stephanoceras fibidatum ; Wright, 1884, lxxxv, 5. Am. bollensis ; Quenstedt, 1885, xlvi, 13, 14. And see Nos. 29, 50. 58. ckassulosus, Ammonites Dactylioceras 58b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES May 58. AMMONITES CRASSULOSUS, Simpson (Plate LVIII) Original Description 63. A[mmonites] crassulosus. [M. Simpson, 1855, p. 55.] [" The following species, to the end of the Section, have all a family resemblance to A. communis : — " Whorls narrow, exposed, with numerous slender, annular ribs, which generally split in two on the back." p. 50.] " Thickish ; outer whorl less than \ the diameter ; radii smooth, strong, prominent, distinct, separated by widish concave spaces, split in two near the back, and bend towards the aperture ; aperture half of a regular ellipse ; diameter 3 inches. " This differs chiefly from the communis or crassus type by the prominence of the radii and their wider intervening spaces. The shell is thick, and the whole form gives the idea of strength. The middle is imperfect. It appears to be from the hard iron bands of the middle lias." Simpson, 1884, 86, 87, the same. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 4. Genus, presumably Dactylioceras, Hyatt (Gen. v) ', but uncertain owing to absence of inner whorls ; family, Dactyloidse, Hyatt. Geological position, " Middle Lias " (Simpson), presumably then, from the very top. Result Dactylioceras crassulosum, Simpson sp. 1855, Domerian, [acutnm zone ? near Whitby]. 75/2 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Fig. I Fig. 2 milMk Ammonites crassulosus, Simpson, 1855 Whitby Museum, No 1 24, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view DACTYLIOCERAS CRASSULOSUM, Simpson, sp. '^'-^ AMMONITES CRASSULOSUS 58c Comparable Species Am. angulatus, J. Sowerby, 1815, cvii, i. Am. communis, Id., cvii, 3. Am. raqiiinianus, d'Orbigny, 1845, cvi. Am. communis, Id., cviii. .im. crassus ; Meneghini, 187-, xvi, 2. Stephanoceras braunianum ; Wright, 1884, Lxxxvi, 3, 4. See also Nos. 31, 35, 51. 59- FONTICULUS, Ammonites cceloceras 59b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES May 59. AMMONITES FONTICULUS, Simpson (Plate LIX) Original Description " 70. Armmonites] fonticulus. fM. Simpson, 1855, pp. 57, 58.] [" The following species, to the end of the Section, have all a family resemblance to A. communis : — Whorls narrow, exposed, with numerous slender, annular ribs, which generally split in two on the back." p. 50.] " Thick ; volutions 7, inner ones nearly J concealed, outer whorl less than J the diameter, sides quickly and regularly rounded ; umbilicus deep ; radii obtuse, split in two or three near the back, on the inner whorls show a row of flatted bases of tubercles. " This is a neat shell, of a dark-brown colour. On account of [p. 58] its deep umbiHcus, it would make an excellent little fountain for holding the more precious drops of holy water, gathered from the morning dew, which would possess the greater virtue, as this is one of the snakes turned to stone by Lady Hilda : — " ' They told how, of thousand snakes, each one Was turned into a coil of stone. When holy Hilda prayed ! '—Sir W. Scott." Additional Details Simpson, 1884, 89, adds " U.L." to end of first paragraph ; omits all the second. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament 5* declining. The ornament is regular tuberculate up to about 35 mm. diameter ; then intermittent tuberculate ; all with occasional fibulation. Ribs numerous, not strong, septate, mostly bifurcate, occasionally entire, especially in intermittent tuberculate stage. The tuberculate stage shows signs of obsolescence. Genus, Coeloceras, Hyatt, (Gen. iv) from proportions and ornament, though the fibulation suggests Porpoceras ; family, Dactyloidae, Hyatt. Geological position : Blake, 1876, 302, says " probably zone of A. serpentinus" ; the matrix suggests Jet Rock. Result CcELOCERAS FONTicuLUM, SiMPSON sp. 1855, Whitbian, [exaratum zone ? near Whitby.] 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES LIX Fig I Fig. 2 Ammonites fonticulus, Simpson, 1855 Whitby Museum, No. 496, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Aperturai view CCELOCERAS FONTICULUM, Simpson sp. ^912 AMMONITES FONTICULUS 59c Comparable Species Am. davai ; d'Orbigny, 1844, lxxxi, 4, 5. Am. desplacei, Id., 1845, cvii. Am. dayi, Reynes, 1868, v, 7, = Am. acanthopsis ; Id., p. 104. Am. desplacei ; Meneghini, 187-, xvi, 5, 6. Stephanoceras fonticuliim ; Blake, 1876, i, 10. S. raquinianiim ; Wright, 1884, lxxxvii, 7, 8. And see Xo. 60. 6o. CKuSiiEVI, Ammonites ccfxoceras 6ob YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES May 60. AMMONITES CROSBEYI, (Plate LX) Simpson Original Description " 33. A[mmonites] crosbeyi. [M. Simpson, 1843, p. 22.] ["I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow. " a. No spines." p. 7.] " Thickish ; volutions 4, inner ones ^ concealed : radii numerous, slender, annular, generally split in two in passing over the back ; inner margin of the whorls slightly rounded, and overhanging the next ; aperture one-half of a regular ellipse ; diameter 3 inches. " This may be distinguished from the last | A. semicelatus], by the inner margin of the whorls overhanging the succeeding ones, as well as by its thickness, and the more r^pid diminution of the whorls. It is at present a rare shell, and was discovered by Thomas Crosby, who has long been a diligent collector of fossils, and is intimately acquainted with every stratum of the neighbourhood." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, 58, second paragraph omitted. Description placed under heading : — " The following species, to the end of the section, have all a family resemblance to A. communis : — Whorls narrow, exposed, with numerous slender, annular ribs, which generally split in two on the back." p. 30. Simpson, 1884, 90, the same. Remarks Stages, conch, serpcnticone ; periphery, i ; ornament 4 (4c ?). Ribs septate, sometimes single, mostly bifurcate, sometimes second- aries intercalated. No iibulation visible ; but inner whorls obscure. Outer whorl beginning to narrow and contract. Genus, Crcloceras, Hyatt (Gen. iv) ; family, Dactyloid;e, Hyatt. Geological position may be lilli zone, if Wright's sj)ecies, quoted on opposite page, is the young state : the locahty and stratum given for that indicate lilli zone. Result CcELOCERAS CROSBEYI, SiMPSON sp. 1843, Whitbian, [lilli zone ? near Whitby]. 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Fig. Fig. 2 Ammonites crosbeyi, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 134, Holotype Fig. I, Side view; Fig. 2, Apertural view CCELOCERAS CROSBEYI, Simpson sp. 1912 AMMONITES CROSBEYI 6oc Comparable Species Am. pttteolus, Simpson, 1855, p. 58. Am. acanthoides, Reynes, 1868, i[bis], 3. Am. oppeli, Id., 11, 2, = Am. alberti. Id., p. 93. Am. crassus ; Dumortier, 1874, (IV), xxvii, 8, 9. Stephanoceras crassum ; Blake, 1876, viii, 5. S. raqiiiniamim ; Wright, 1884, Lxxxvi, 5-7, [the young stage of Am. crosbeyi ?] ; lxxxvii, i, 2, [ = Am. pttteolus, Simpson ?] And see No. 59. TfS ri -ff; YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES EDITED BV S. S. BUCKMAN, k.g.s., AUTHOR OF "A Monograph of Inferior Oolite Ammonites, 1887-1907" The Original descriptions reprinted, and illustrated by figures of the types, reproduced from photographs mainly by J. W. TUTCHER Part VIII Title page, pp. vii, viii 9 Plates, and Descriptions Nos. 61 — 67 Appendix, pp. a — g, with Table I LONDON : WILLIAM WESLEY AND SON, 28 ESSEX STREET, STRAND I9I2 CONTENTS Systematic : — Generic Names Part VIII Vll Descriptions : — ■ 6i. A. puteolus . . 62. A. crassiusculosus 63. A. annuliferus 64. A. anguiformis 65. A. owenensis 66. A. simpsoni . . 67. A. denotatus Plate LXI LXII LXI II LXIV LXV LXVIa, b LXVIIa, 15 Appendix : — Addenda, Corrigenda C Measurement Table d Postscript E Index F CHELTENHAM NORMAN, SAWYER AND CO. LTD., PRINTERS ST. GEORGE'S HALL ^912 RHACOCERAS vii Genus, AETOMOCERAS, Hyatt 1900, Ceph.; Eastman-Zittel, Pal. I, 575. " Aetomoceras, gen. nov. Type A . (Amm.) scipionianum, d'Orb. sp." [Ceph. Jur. li, 7, 8]. Genus, CALOCERAS, Hyatt 1870, Reversions; Proc. Boston N.H.Soc, XIV, 22, 29. " Caloceras torus," p. 22. " A new genus of which Caloceras torus and tortilis are types," p. 29. This is the whole original description. More fully dealt with in Gen. Ariet., 1889, 136 ; but no type selected. Said there to be " transitional from Psiloceras to the true Arietidce." But Psiloc.ras is a degenerate (smooth) derivative of a Caloceras stock, and the oblique inner lobes of Psilocsras and Caloceras are not found in the Arietida;, but in the Deroceratidc-e : to the latter Caloceras might lead. It leads to pseudo-arietan forms with keel {Alsatites) : these have very oblique inner lobes. Advisable to select as type A. torus, d'Orbigny. Result Genus, Caloceras, Hyatt, 1870. Genolectotype, Am. torus, d'Orbigny, Ceph. Jur. liii. Genus, ALSATITES, Haug 1894, Amm. Perm.; Bull. See. Geol. France, (3) XXII, 411. " Alsatites n. gen., type : Amm. liasicus d'Orb." [Ceph. Jur., XLVIIl]. Genus, PHYLLOCERAS, Suess 1865, Ueber Amm.; Sitz. Nat.-wiss. CI. Wiener Akad., LII, 76. " Phylloceras . . Phyll. heterophyllum ist die typische form." [J. Sowerby, Min. Conch., CCLXVI]. Genus, RHACOCERAS, Agassiz-Hyatt 1867, Foss. Ceph; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., V, 86, 97. One of the live genera selected (named) by Agassiz (Hyatt, 71). The type is inlicated by the species which bears his name : " Rhacoceras heterophyllum I.. Agassiz " (p. 97), with two references " Amm. hetero- phyllus Sow. Amm. heteraphyllus d'Orb. The type of the genus is there- fore the same as for Phylloceras, and the name cannot be used, as in this work No. 16, for the loscombei series : Hyatt's Tragophylloceras covers that. via YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Oct. Genus, TRAGOPHYLLOCERAS, Hyatt 1900, Ceph.; Eastman-Zittel, Pal. I, 568. " Tragophylloceras, gen. nov. Type T. (Phyl) heterophyllus nnmis- malis, Quenst. sp. " This includes several forms : there may be selected Amm. Schwab. Jura, xxxvii, 11. Pompeckj, 1893, 14, placed this, and others as Phylloceras numismale, Quenstedt sp. The types of that, however, are Quenstedt, Ceph., 1846, vi, 4, 5a, b, 5c, of which it is advisable to choose 5a, b as type of Tragophylloceras numismale, Quenstedt sp. Result Genus, Tragophylloceras, Hyatt, 1900. Genolectotype, Am. heterophyllus nnmismalis, Quenstedt, Amm. Schwab, xxxvii, 11, only, = Tragoph. typicum, nom. nov. Genus, PHRICODOCERAS, Hyatt igoo, Ceph.; Eastman-Zittel, Pal. I, 587. " Phricodoceras, gen. nov. Type P. (Amm.) Taylori, d'Orb. sp." [Ceph. Jur. cii, 3 — 5]. Here are two species. Advisable to select figs. 3, 4. Result Genus, Phricodoceras, Hyatt, 1900. Genolectotype, Am. taylori; d'Orbigny, Cii, 3, 4. Genus, UPTONIA, S. Buckman 1898, Jur. Time; Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. LIV, 453. "Type : Uptonia Jamesoni (J. de C. Sow.)." But the identification is general, not particular. Advisable to fix Aegoceras jamesoni ; Wright, Mon. 1882, LI, I, 2, as type. Genus, PALTOPLEUROCERAS, S. Buckman 1898, Jur. Time; Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. LIV, 453. "Type: Paltopleuroceras spinatum {Rrngmhre)." But the identifica- tion is general, not particular ; and interpretations of Bruguiere's species are various. Advisable to adopt for type of genus d'Orbigny's reading, whether it is exactly Bruguiere's species or not. Result Genus, Paltopleuroceras, S. Buckman, 1898. Genolectotype, Am. spinatus, Bruguiere, d'Orbigny's interpretation, Ceph. Jur. lii. 6l. PUTEOLUS, Ammonites cceloceras f. 1912 AMMONITES PUTEOLUS 6ic Comparable Species Ammonites raquinianus, d'Orbigny, 1845, cvi, 4, 5. Stephamceras raquinianum; B. Thompson, 1885, [i], 5, p. 309. And see Nos. 59, 60. 62. cuassiusculosus Ammonites Dactylioceras r Ji 62b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Oct. 62. AMMONITES CRASSIUSCULOSUS, Simpson (Plate LXII) Original Description " 68. A[mmonites] crassiusculosus. [M. Simpson, 1855, p. 57.] [" The following species, to the end of the Section, have all a family resemblance to A. communis : — " Whorls narrow, exposed, with numerous slender, annular ribs, which generally split in two on the back." p. 50. ] " Thickish ; volutions 6 or 7, outer whorl J the diameter, neatly rounded ; radii strong, prominent, obtuse, split in two on the back ; aperture transverse ; diameter ij inch " This is a very neat and slender species or variety, intermediate between A. crassus and A. crassulus. It is from the jet-rock of the lias. There is another in the same beds, which resembles it in the slenderness of the whorls, but the aperture is circular." Simpson, 1884, 88, 89, the same. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 4 (4c ?). Whorls depressed, sides rounded, periphery flatly arched ; umbilicus open, convexigradate ; ornament very regular, costation bifurcate, secondary ribs with slight forward bend on periphery. Genus, Dactylioceras, Hyatt ; family Dactyloidse. Result Dactylioceras crassiusculosum, Simpson sp. 1855, Whitbian, exaratum zone, near Whitby. 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES LXII Fig. I Fig Ammonites crassiusculosus, Simpson, 1855 Whitby Museum, No. 137, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view DACTYLIOCERAS CRASSIUSCULOSUM, Simpson sp. 1912 AMMONITES CRASSIUSCULOSUS 62c Comparable Species Am. communis, J. Sowerby, 1815, cvii, 2. Am. crassus ; Quenstedt, 1849, xiii, 10. Am. raquiniamts ; Chapuis & Dewalque, 1855, vii, i. And see Nos. 31, 35, 51, 58. I 63. annuliferus, Ammonites Peronoceras 63b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Oct. 63. AMMONITES ANNULIFERUS, Simpson (Plate LXIII) Original Description " 53. A[mmonites] annuliferus. [M. Simpson, 1855, p. 50.] [" The following species, to the end of the Section, have all a family resemblance to A. communis : — " Whorls narrow, exposed, with numerous slender, annular ribs, which generally split in two on the back." p. 50.] " Radii obtuse, on the outer whorl separated by narrow grooves, split in two, then pass straight over the back, where they are nearly obsolete ; aperture an ellipse, indented by the succeeding whorl." Simpson, 1884, 81, the same. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 5 to 4c. The whorls are rounded ; the periphery arched ; the umbilicus open with gibbous steps ; the ornament is a tuberculate stage up to about 17 mm. diameter, with occasional fibulation ; after that, ordinary bifurcate costation, costae septate. The species shews catagenetic ornament of the Dactylioceras pattern following after fibulate tuberculation. The species is therefore a degenerate derivative of Peronoceras or Porpoceras, the fineness of the ornament perhaps indicates the former. Therefore genus Peronoceras ? Hyatt, (Gen. v) ; family Dactyloidse. Nothing is said about its geological position, but it is presumably from the Alum Shale. Result Peronoceras ? annuliferum, Simpson sp. 1855, Whitbian, [fibu- latum zone ? near Whitby]. 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES LXIII Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites annuliferus, Simpson, 1855 Whitby Museum, No. 492, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view PERONOCERAS ANNULIFERUM, Simpson sp. 1912 AMMONITES ANNULIFERUS 63c Comparable Species Am. (Stephanoceras) desplacei ; Meneghini, 187-, xvi, 7, 8, types of Coeloceras annulatiforme, Bonarelli, 1899, p. 212. Coeloceras marioni, Lissajous, 1906, iii, 4. And see No. 30. 64. anguiformis, Ammonites Deroceras 64b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Oct. 64. AMMONITES ANGUIFORMIS, Simpson (Plate LXIV) Original Description " 26. A[mmonites] anguiformis. [M. Simpson, 1843, p. 17.] [" I. Without a dorsal keel or furrow. " a. No spines." p. 7.] " Depressed, volutions 5 or 6, exposed ; radii straight, very obtuse, nearly obsolete on the back and inner whorls ; faintly striated ; aperture circular ; diameter i ^l inch. " I have seen only one specimen of this shell, and am ignorant of its locahty ; but I have little doubt that it is from the upper lias. It may be placed near A. fimbriatus, though it differs materially from it in the slenderness of the outer whorls. The shell has been partially removed, and upon the cast, I see near the back, at the termination of the radii, small flat places, as if a row of knobs had been rubbed off." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, 41, 42; p. 41, omits "Depressed"; for "faintly striated " reads " transverse striae, irregular, faint." P. 42, for 2nd par. " The inner whorls of this species are very slender and delicate, but the outer whorl is rather coarse. Many specimens have a row of small tubercles on the outer margin of the whorls, but this is not a constant character. With a strong magnifier may be seen faint longitudinal striae, in places merely fimbriating, or dotting the transverse striae." Simpson, 1884, 70, 71. At end of first par. has (p. 71) " L.L., ironstone bands, R. H. Bay " ; near end of second, after " fimbriating " omits the comma. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament, 5*, The flat spaces noted by Simpson (1843) are the marks of the septa which were at the bases of the spines. The inner whorls seem to have been smooth up to about 16 mm. diameter .(cunctative palingenesis) ; then are ribs and small tubercles ; while the outer whorls carry ribs and irregular septituberculus marks. The specimen is poor. Its diameter is i| inch (48 mm.). Genus, Deroceras, Hyatt, (Gen. iv) ; family Deroceratidas. Geological position, probably L.L. y or z, unless it had been derived. Result Deroceras anguiforme, Simpson sp. 1843, Charmouthian, [armatum zone], Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 7972 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES LXIV Fig. I hAmt% Fig. 2 Ammonites anguiformis, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 86, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Peripheral view DEROCERAS ANGUIFORME, Simpson sp. 1912 AMMONITES ANGUIFORMIS ' 64c Comparable Species Coeloceras sp. indet., Geyer, 1886, iv, 20, And see No. 44. % 65. owenensis, Ammonites Derocfras 65b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Oct. 65. AMMONITES OWENENSIS, Simpson (Plate LXV) Original Description " 41. A[mmonites] Owenensis. [M. Simpson, 1843. pp. 25, 26.] ["I. Without a dorsal keel or. furrow, p. 7. " b. Armed with spines or distinct tubercles." p. 22.] " Depressed ; Volutions 5 or 6, exposed, outer whorl more than ^ the diameter ; radii rather distant, straight, distinct, slender, armed with a row of tubercles near the outer margin, obsolete on the back, and on the inner whorls ; aperture round ; diameter i inch. " In the form of the whorls this species resembles A. fimbriatus, and the size of the aperture is comparatively much greater than [p. 26] in any other of the armed varieties. The cast is smooth and without any appearance of striae ; I suppose it to be from the lower lias ; but on this I am not able to speak with certainty. " I have taken the liberty of naming this ammonite after Professor Owen, whose works on Saurians, and whose talents as a naturalist have placed him far above any praise that can be given him here." Additional Details Simpson, 1855, 64, omits " Depressed " ; has instead of 2nd and 3rd paragraphs " The whorls diminish rather rapidly ; and in some specimens the radii are very distant. The cast is very smooth and neat.— L.L. ; R. H. Bay." Simpson, 1884, 64, as 1855. Remarks Stages, conch, serpenticone ; periphery, i ; ornament, i, 5*. Whorls obtrapeziform ; sides divergent, flattened ; periphery flatly arched, faintly lineate (striate) ; greatest thickness at edge of periphery, where there is a coronet of spines. Smooth stage to about 12 mm. diameter, then distant, not strong costae, each ending in a spine. The specimen is quite immature. Genus, Deroceras, Hyatt, 1867 ; family, Deroceratidae, Hyatt. The geological j)osition is presumably L.L.y. Result Deroceras owenense, Simpson sp. 1843, Charmouthian, [armatum zone], Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES LXV Fig. I Fig. 2. Ammonites owenensis, Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 470, Holotype Fig. I, Side view ; Fig. 2, Apertural view DEROCERAS OWENENSE, Simpson sp. 1912 AMMONITES OWENENSIS 65c Comparable Species See Nos. 44, 64. 66. simi'soni, Ammonites Aetomoceras 66b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Oct. 66. AMMONITES SIMPSOXI, Bean-Simpson (Plates LXVIa, B) Original Description " 68. A[iniOMTEs] SiMPSoxi, Bean's MSS. [M. Simpson, 1843, pp. 37, 38.] [" II. With a keel on the back. "a. Outer whorl broad." p. 31.] " Very much depressed ; volutions 4 or 5, inner ones J concealed, outer whorl \ the diameter, sides undulating, inner margin rounded ; radii nearly obsolete on the outer whorl, bend towards the aperture ; striae [p. 38] diverging, numerous, and delicate ; keel sharp, prominent ; apertm-e acutely triangular ; diameter 6 inches. " This ammonite, which Mr. Bean has been pleased to call A. Simpsoni, is from the lower has shale at Robin Hood's Bay ; the whorls swell out in thickness towards the inner margin, which is finely rounded, whilst the part near the keel is shghtly concave ; in the older specimens the radii are scarcely discernible. Additional Details Simpson, 1855, 79, omits "very" at beginning; 1884, 115, adds at end of ist par. " L.L., 15, R. H. Bay." Remarks Stages, conch, oxycone ; jjeriphery, 2c ; ornament, ic. The radial curve can just be followed in places : on the side it is straight, on the periphery much projected. The f>eriphery is very sharp ; on each side of it is a somewhat broad depressed area, so that the exterior is acutely conca\'ifastigate. Inside the depressed area the whorls become gibbous, with greatest thickness about ith from inner margin. The whorl-section is thus acutely galeati- form. The umbilical edge is steeply rounded, but not defined. The sf)ecimen has suffered from crushing on one side. The suture-Hnes are not clearly exposed. The type shows only one prominent accessory lobe in the external saddle. A tof)otype about 190 mm. diameter (Jermyn Street Museum, Xo. 24,362), just commencing body chamber, shows at 166 mm. diameter two such lobes. The galeatiform whorl-section, the somewhat simple suture-line and the loss of ornament while the umbilicus is, for an oxycone, com- paratively of)en, suggest that this species is a degenerate development of Am. colesi, J. Buckman, and Am. scipionianus, d'Orbigny, and is not an Oxynoticeras. Genus, Aetomoceras, H5ratt, (Gen. vii) ', family Arietidae, Hyatt. Result Aetomoceras simpsoni, Be.\n-Simpson sp. 1843, Sinemurian, oxynotum zone, Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby. 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Ammonites simpsoni, Bean-Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 813, Holotype Side view, x o-8 AETOMOCERAS SIMPSONI, Bean-Simpson sp. 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES LXVIb Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites simpsoni, Bean-Simpson, 1843 Whitby Museum, No. 813, Holotype Fi},'. I, Apertural view, x o'8 ; Fig. 2, Approximate delineation of two septal margins, nat. size AETOMOCEKAS SIMPSONI, Bean-Simpson sp. 1912 AMMONITES SIMPSON! 66c Comparable Species Am. oxynotus ; Dumortier, 1867, (II), xxxiii. Am. insigillatus, Dumortier & Fontannes, 1876, i. Amaltheus simpsoni ; Blake, 1876, viii, 4. Am. simpsoni ; Reynes, 1879, xlix, 1-7. Amaltheus simhsoni ; Wright, 1881, xlvii, 4-7. And see Pompeckj, igo6, 226, 282, 292 ; also Nos. 7, 8, 36, 55, 56. 6;, denotatus, Ammonites Arietites 67b YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Oct. 67. AMMONITES DENOTATUS, Simpson (Plates LXVII A, b) Original Description " 122. A[mmonites] denotatus. [M. Simpson, 1855, p. 76.] ["II. With a keel on the back. " a. Outer whorl broad." p. 72.] " Volutions 5 or 6, inner whorls J concealed, outer whorl less than \ the diameter, inner margin rounded, outer part depressed ; radii straight for about | the width of the whorl, then suddenly bend towards the aperture, where they become obsolete, terminate abruptly at a flattish groove, which relieves the sides of the whorl from the keel ; which is prominent, sharp, entire ; aperture ovate ; diameter 6 in. — L.L.; Mr. Leckenby's Col." Additional Details Simpson, 1884, iii, adds after name " Simp. Pal. pi. vi., f. i. [Wright, Mon. Lias Amm. ; Pal. Soc. 1878]. Remarks Stages, conch, oxycone ; periphery, 4c ; ornament, 4c, rapidly failing. Genus, Arietites, Waagen (Gen. vi) ', family, Arietidae. Geological position, — Blake, 1876, 290 (Ar. collenoti), says " middle portion of oxynotus zone," which he uses in a wide sense = obtusuni-raricostatum zones. Therefore about Simpson's L.L. 16 may be the bed. The type passed with the Leckenby collection to the Woodwardian (now Sedgwick) Museum, Cambridge, and was kindly lent by Prof. Hughes for this work. It was figured by Wright, 1881, xxii b, as Arietites Collenotiii, but with ribs depicted far too strong. He gives the locahty as Robin Hood's Bay (1881, p. 306). The differences between this species and A. fowleri, J. Buckman, 1844, are not great : the present species has a slightly smaller umbilicus and rather stronger, rather more distant ribs. The difference of ribbing may be partly a matter of age : the two types are of different sizes and not easily compared. The present type possesses only the outer whorl and three parts of the ne.xt : the rest of the umbihcus is wanting — it has been made up and scored with the chisel. Result Arietites denotatus, Simpson sp. 1855, Sinemurian, [stellare zonel, Robin Hood's Bay. 7912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES LXVIlA Ammonites denotatus, Simpson, 1855 Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge (Leckenby Coll.), Holotype Side view, x 0*85 ARIETITES DENOTATUS, Simpson sp. 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Fig. I Fig 2 ^^"H- Ammonites denotatus, Simpson, 1855 Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge (Leckenby Coll.), Holotype Fig. I, Perij)heral view ; Fig. 2, Apertural view ; both x 0'85 ARIETITES DENOTATUS, Bean-Simpson sp. 1912 AMMONITES DENOTATUS 67c Comparable Species See Nos. 35, 54. Appendix ^^12 CORRIGENDA Addenda In Table VI, p. xvi, insert " pedicum " between " struckmanni " and " striatulum." Page 23d, add to " Species of Amaltheus " : — 1849. A. calcar, Brown sp., xx*, 4. 1851, A. actaeonoides, Savi & Meneghini sp., p. 76, No. 10 (teste Canavari, 1882, xx, 17, p. 140). 1912, A. evolutus, nom. nov., founded on Am. amaltheus depressus, Quenstedt, Amm. Schwab., xli, 19. Corrigenda Page iv, line 10 up, for " cratermubilicus " read " craterumbilicus." P. lie, for " compactilie " read " compactilis." P. i6b, line 14 up, for " L.L.w " Simpson presumably meant " L.L.w." This would indicate valdani zone ; line 7 up, for " Rhacoceras, etc." read " Tragophylloceras Hyatt, 1900 (Gen. p. vHi)"', under Result for " Rhacoceras " read " Tragophylloceras," ; for " capricornum zone ?" read " valdani zone ? " Plate XVI, for " Rhacoceras " read " Tragophylloceras." P. 24d, line 3 up, for " xiii, 9," read " xiii, i." Plate XXVII for " Peripheral " read " Apertural." Plate XXXVII b, for " nautiformis " read " nautiliformis." P. 37c, instead of last line read " Aegoceras {Liparoceras) bechei ; Parona, 1897, xi, 3." P. 43b, top line, for "25 " read " 43." P. 44c, line 5 up, for " Am. armatus," read " Aegoceras armatum." YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Oct. Measurement Table (Appendix Table I) Measure the fossil with compasses. Find the horizontal line which most nearly coincides with this measure, using the thick diagonal as the right hand boundary. The figures on the left give the actual size of the fossil in inches and tenths, or in miUimetres. Measure the picture of the fossil from the same points. Place the measure on the same horizontal line. If it fall short of the diagonal, the figures on the top give the amount of reduction. If it fall beyond the diagonal the figures on the right give the amount of enlargement. When a specimen has been depicted enlarged or reduced, its actual proportions can be ascertained by using for the right diagonal the number which corresponds with the amount of difference stated. For ascertaining the proportion of height or thickness of whorl, or size of umbilicus to the diameter, radius, or other base-line, measure their amounts upon the horizontal line which coincides with length of base-line. The diagonals will give the percentages. For large fossils halve, quarter, or reduce the length of base-line until a workable limit be reached ; then halve, quarter, or similarly reduce the other measures or the results. 1912 YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES MM.JNCIf 95^ MEASUREMENT TABLE {Jo face p. D) '^'2 POSTSCRIPT Postscript The death of Mr. Thomas Newbitt, F.G.S., which occurred suddenly on June 15, 1912, casts a shadow over this work. As Honorary Curator of Whitby Museum, in succession to Martin Simpson, he took a very particular interest in this pubHcation. In the five years since the plans for It were first formed, Mr. Newbitt laboured long and carefully in regard to the specimens required— so much that the majority of the types of Simpson and of Young & Bird have been in the Editor's hands. Still, much remained to be done, and Mr. Newbitt's labours, though necessarily unobtrusive, were none the less invaluable : his kind assistance will be very greatly missed. Sympathy with his widow and his two nieces is joined with this appreciation of his services. Eight parts of this publication are completed with the present issue, illustrating with 80 plates 67 species, of which the majority, it may be claimed, were known to science only by name, and hardly by that. These eight parts are now presented with title-page and index in form for binding as Vol. I. A measurement table, designed by Mr. Tutcher, for ascertaining enlargement, reduction and proportions, with directions for its use, is added in an Appendix. Cordial thanks are offered to the Subscribers for their kind support, and to all those who have assisted with advice, with information, with loans of specimens, for these or future parts ; also to reviewers for kindly notices, and to those who have otherwise helped to make the work known. The desirability of illustrating types of Yorkshire authors other than those mentioned in the Introduction has been brought to the Editor's notice, on the ground of making the work as completely informative as possible. On similar ground has been urged the desirabilityj^^ illustrating types, not of Yorkshire, having special bearing on the systematic arrange- ment of Yorkshire species or strata. Agreement with these views is con- fessed : time and the continued support of Subscribers may enable them to be carried out, but the original design must, in the main, have precedence. Any limitation of the work to Lias Ammonites was not intended : such limitation in the present volume is due solely to practical con- siderations. Oolitic species will be illustrated as opportunity offers ; for some named by Young & Bird are particularly important. Information as to the whereabouts of Yorkshire types will be wel- comed. Information as to the whereabouts of copies of Simpson's 1843 work will be interesting. At present, the only copies known to the Editor are in the British Museum, the Library of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, York (the copy very kindly lent for the purpose of this work), and the Library of the Royal Technical College, Glasgow, a copy with author's corrections (reported by Prof. Daniel Burns). Many well-known Libraries lack the book. YORKSHIRE TYPE AMMONITES Oct. INDEX PAGE acuticarinatiis 40 Addenda c Aigoceras iii nautiliforme Aetomooeras vii simpsoni Agassiceras ii resupinatum Alsatites vii alternatus 9 Amaltheus, species of 25d armiger, costiger, depressus, evolutus, lenticularis, nodi- fer, retic\ilaris, ambiguus 16 Ammonite Development . . . . x andraei 57 Androgynoceras iii heterogenes, integricostatum, macniatum, siphunculare anguiformis 64 annuliferus 63 apyrenum 24d arctus 36 armiger 25d Arietites vi denotatus, radiatus, tenelliis Arnioceras vi acuticaiinatum Asteroceras v athleticus 51 aureolus 28 aureus 3 auriculoid ix Baculicone xi beani 15 belcheri ' t 7 Bibliographic Details iii birdi 24 boreale 24d boulbiensis 11 Caloceras vii belcheri, convolutum cereus 49 clavus ix Coeloceras iv crosbeyi, fonticulum,, puteo- lum PAGE Coiling Cycle xi compactilis 41 Cone Stages xi convolutus 18 cornutus 32 Coroniceras vi Corrigenda c costiger 25d crassiusciilosus 62 crassulosus 58 Cricone xi crosbeyi 60 Cunctative palingenesis . . . . vii Cycle xi, xiii Cyrtocone xi Dactylioceras v athleticum, crassiusculosum, crassulosuni, semicelatum Denckmannia riidis dennyi 7 denotatus 67 depressus 25 Deroceras iv anguiforme, miles, owenense Development Stages xiv Ecliioceras aureolum, cereum, exortum elaboratus 22 evolutus c exaratus 5 exortus 19 fabricatus 34 figulinns 26 flavus 55 fonticulus 59 Frechiella subcarinata Geological Details xv Gyrocone xi Harpoceras i exaratum, mulgraviuni Harpoceratoides ii alternatus Haugia beani heterogenes 46 1912 INDEX PAGE Hildoceras levisoni ignotus 21 integricostatus 47 Jupiter 53 lectus 43 Icnticularis . . 20 levisoni 12 liraatus 56 Liparoceras in lythensis 13 maculatus 45 Measurement Table d Miles 44 mixtus 53 mulgravius 4 naiitiliforme 37 Nautilus subcarinatus nodifer 25<1 Oistoceras iv figulinum, omissum omissus 27 Ophiocone xi Ornament Cycle xiii Orthocone xi owenensis f>5 Oxycone xii Oxynoticeras ii arctum, dennyi, flavum, lima- tum, polyophyllum Palingenesis vii Paltopleuroceras viii — species of 24d apyrenum, birdi, boreale, elaboratum, solitarium perarmatus 5° Periphery Cycle xiii Peronoceras v annuliferum, turriculatum Phricodoceras viii cornutum, quadricornutum Pylloceras vii fabricatum Platypleuroceras i aureum Polymorphites Jupiter, mixtus, trivialis polyophyllus 8 PAGE Porpoceras v andrifi, perarmatum, vortex Postscript E Precedentive palingenesis . . . . vii Pseudolioceras boulbiense, compactile, lec- tum, lythense, subcon- cavum, whitbiense puteolus 61 quadricornutus 33 radiatus 35 resupinatus 6 reticularis i Rhacoceras vii ambiguum ripleyi 2 rudis 14 Saltative palingenesis vii Scaphiticone xii Schlotheimia sulcata, suloifera scoresbyi 39 scmicelatus 31 septicosta xi Serpenticone xi simpsoni 66 siphuncularis 48 solitarius 52 Sphaerocone xi Stratigraphy xvi subcarinatus 23 subconcavus 10 sulcatus 38 sulcifera 38b tenellus 54 Terminology vi Toxocone xi Tragophylloceras viii ambiguum, typicum trivialis 53 Turricone xii turriculatus 30 typicum viii Uptonia viii ignota, ripleyi vortex 29 whitbiense 42 Xipheroceras iv scoresbyi 807 A5B8 v.l Buclanan, Sydney Savory Yorkshire type ammonites P&.'iSci. 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