! ? ♦ 1 ^[^(4 ^ ' - .'H; I r^ «H/n TYPE AMMONITES IV Ich bin weit entfernt zu behaupten, dass Formen nie durch verschiedene Schichten gingen, aber der Beweis kann erst gefiihrt werden, wenn wir iiberhaupt gelernt haben, jeder Muschel ihr richtiges Lager anzuweisen F. A. Quenstedt Der Jura, 1856. p. 43 3 TYPE AMMONITES BY S. S. BUCKMAN, f.g.s. The illustrations from photographs by J. W. TUTCHER and The Author Vol. IV Pages I — 67 and Map A ; Plates XXI 1 1 A, CXXXIa, CCLXVIIb— CDXXII ; One Portrait • '^ » Published bv the Author ,7^^ 3 Sold by W^HELDON & WESLEY, Ltd. - 2, 3 & 4, ARTHUR STREET, NEW OXFORD STREET J'^0'^^^ LONDON, W.C. 2 1922, 1923 ^^ \ a '-; Vj, -V CONTENTS Vol. IV Page Chronology 5 Systematic 54 Acknowledgment 57 Addenda, Corrigenda 58 Publication Details 59 Index 60 With *^ Plates and one Portrait CHELTENHAM NORMAN, SAWYER AND CO. LTD., PRINTERS ST. George's hall James Buckman, 1883 Professor of Geology, Botany and Rural Economy. 1S47-1S63, Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester. From painting by Kate W'itchell, vounger daughter of Edwin Witchell, F.G.S. JAMES BUCKMAX. F.L.S., F.G.S. . F.S.A. etc. November 20, 1814 — November 23, 1884 TYPE AMMONITES S. S. BUCKMAN. fg.s. The illustrations from photographs by J. W. TUTCHER and The Author Part XXXI 20 Plates Published by the Author Sold by WHELDON AND WESLEY, LTD. INCORPORATING VVILLL\M WESLEY AND SON 2S ESSEX STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. January, 1922 CONTENTS Part xxxi Illustrations :- 268. Coeloceras sp. (Tulites cadus) 269. Ammonites subcontractus Tulites tula . . 270. 271. 272. 273- 274. 275- Ammonites subcontractus (Tulites subcontractus) Ammonites subcontractus (Madarites madarus) . Ammonites bullatus (Bullatimorphites bullatimorphus) Ammonites macrocephalus (j\Iorrisites morrisi) Macrocephalites morrisi (Morrisiceras korustes) Ammonites sublsevis (Cadoceras sublaive) 276. Ammonites dimorphus (Docidoceras biforme) 277. Cadicone pliaulomorph (Trilobiticeras platygaster) 277. A dysmorph contracticone (Trilobiticeras platygaster) 278. A coronate Sphceroceratid (Labyrinthoceras gibberulum) . . 279. Ammonites brongniarti Labyrinthoceras amphilaphes) 280. Ammonites vertumnus (Sagitticcras fastigatum) 281. Ammonites koenigi (Proplanulites koenigi) 282. Ammonites biplex (Perisphinctes biplex) Plates CCLXVIII A, B, c . . CCLXIX . . CCLXX . . CCLXXI A, B .. CCLXXII A, B . . CCLXXlll .. CCLXXI V . . CCLXXV . . CCLXX VI CCLXXVll A CCLXX VII B CCLXX VI 1 1 . . CCLXXI X .. CCLXXX . . CCLXXXl ..CCLXXXII CHELTENHAM NORMAN, SAWYER AND CO. LTD., PRINTERS ST. George's hall TYPE AMMONITES BY S. S. BUCKMAN. f.g.s. The illustrations from photographs by J. W. TUTCHER and The Author Part xxxii 20 Plates Published bv the Author Sold by WHELDON AND WESLEY, LTD. INCORPORATING WILLIAM WESLEY AND SON 28 ESSEX STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. 2 March, 1922 CONTENTS Part xxxii Illustrations : — 283. Macrocephalites cf. arcticus (Catacephalites durus) Plates CCLXNXIII 284. Macrocephalites grantanus (Pleurocephalites lophopleurus) CCLXXXIVa, b 285. Macrocephalites morrisi (Morrisiceras comma) 286. Ammonites macrocephaius (Cerericeras cereale) 287. Ammonites gowerianus (Gowericeras gowerianum) 288. Ammonites gowerianus (Gowericeras ventrale) 289. Ammonites keppleri (Kepplerites keppleri) . . . . CCLXXXV .. CCLXXXVI ccLxxxvn CCLXXXVIII CCLXXXIX A, B 290. Ammonites galilaeii (Galilaeiceras galilaeii) CCXC 291. Ammonites gowerianus (Galilaeiceras trichophorum) .. CCXCI 292. Ammonites toricellii (Toricelliceras toricellii) CCXCII 293. Ammonites gowerianus (Galilaeanus crucifer) 294. Ammonites gowerianus (Galilaeites curtilobus) CCXCIII CCXCI V 295. Ammonites chalcedonicus (Chalcedoniceras chalcedonicum) CCXCV a 295. Nautilus chalcedonicus (Chalcedoniceras chalcedonicum) . . CCXCV B, c 296. Ammonites goliathus (Hortoniceras sidericum) .. CCXC VI 297. Ammonites putealis (Putealiceras puteale) . . . . CCXCVII 298. An alticarinate Sonninia (Sonninia propinquans) . . . . CCXCVIII TYPE AMMONITES BY S. S. BUCKMAN, f.g.s. The illustrations from photoo^raphs by J. W. TUTCHER and The Author Part XXXIII i6 Plates Published by the Author Sold by WHELDON AND WESLEY. LTD. INCORPORATING WILLIAM WESLEY AND SON 28 ESSEX STREET, STRAND, LONDON. W.C. 2 May, 1922 CONTENTS Part xxxiii lUustrations : — Plates 2()9. Hammatoceras amalthcilornie (Euaptetoceras euaptetum) .. .. CCXCIX 300. Stephanoceras crassizigzag (Zigzagiceras rhabdouchus) .. .. CCC a, b 301. Zigzagiceras inoorei (Zigzagites imitator) CCCI 302. Zigzagiceras sp. (Parkinsonites fullonicus) .. .. CCCII 303. Oppelia praradiata (Amblyoxyites amblys) CCCIII 304. Caloceras julmstoni (Caloceras pironclii) .. ' CCCIV 303. Ammonites giganteus (Behemoth megasthenes) CCCVa 306. Ammonites bononiensis (Glaucollthites glaucolithus) .. .. CCC VI a 307. Ammonites bononiensis (Leucopetrites leucus) CCCVII a 308. Ammonites biplex (Paravirgatites paravirgatus) . . . . CCCVIII 309. Annnonites gowerianus (Galilaeites indigestus) CCCIX 310. Ammonites toricellii (Toricelliceras subsulcatum) .. .. CCCX 311. Caclomites daubenyi (Polystephanus daubenyi) .. .. CCCXI 312. Ammonites linguiferus (Stegeostephanus stegeus) .. .. CCCXII 313. Macroceplialites macrocephalus (Macrocephaliceras macrocephalum) CCCXIII CHELTENHAM NORMAN, SAWYER AND CO, LTD., PRINTERS ST. geokge's hall TYPE AMMONITES S. S. BUCKMAN, f.g.s. The illustrations from photographs by J. W. TUTCHER and '] HE Author Part XXXIV Pages 5 — 20 ; 16 Plates (Reprints of 4 Plates) Published by thk Ai thok Sold by WHELDOX AND WESLEY. Ltd. INCOKPORATLNG \VII.LI.\M WESLEY and SON 28 ESSEX STREET, STRAND, LONDON. W.C. June, 1922 CONTENTS Part NNNI\' Text : — Pages Chronology . . 5 — 20 Illustrations : — Plate 314. Coeloceras longalvum (Docidoceras perfectum) CCCXIV 315. Ervcites fallax (Erycites sphaeroconicus) CCCXV 316. Ammonites murleyi (Murle\iceras aptum) CCCXVI 317. Oppelia plicatella (Kleistoxyites protrusus) . . . . CCCXVH 318. Ammonites toricellii (Toricclliceras runcinatum) . . . . CCCXVIII 319. Ammonites toricellii (Toricelliceras subrotundum) .. .. CCCXIX 320. Ammonites sutherlandiffi (Sutherlandiceras albisaxeum) .. CCCXXa, b 321. Ammonites vaschaldi (Ebrayiceras vaschaldi) CCCXXI 322. Ammonites pygm;eus (Polysphinctites polysphinctus) CCCXXII a 322. Serpenticone Morphoceratid (Polysphinctites polysphinctus) . . CCCXXII b 323. Ammonites pygniieus (Nannolytoceras pygmaeum) . . . . CCC XXIII 324. Peiisphinctes pygm^eum (Nannolytoceras subovale) .. .. CCCXXIVa 324. Nannolytoceras pygm^eum (Nannolytoceras subovale) . . . . CCCXXIV b 325. Ammonites pseudogigas (Trophonites trophon) .. .. CCCXXV a, b (Reprints of Pis. CCCb, CCCII, CCCVa, CCCXII) " i CHELTENHAM NORMAN, SAWYER AND CO, LTD., PRINTERS ST. George's hall Chronology The commencement of the text of ^'ol. IV of Type Ammonites offers the opportunity to introduce a new scheme of Jurassic chronology. Some years ago I \vTote a paper on So-called ' Jurassic ' Time ; Quart. Joum. Geol. Soc. LI\', 1898, p. 442. \Mien that paper was referreed, " it was pointed out to the author that [the use of the same term, like Bathonian, for Stage and for Age] would lead to confusion ; and he then proposed to use, as distinctly chronological terms for Ages, names taken from dominant Ammonite genera " (p. 442). Names were given to certain Ages from Lower Lias to Combrash. However, the plan seemed generally to be regarded as making undue complication : it was argued that the same faunal term was used for the subdivision of an Age — a hemera — and for the subdi\"ision of a stage — a zone ; also that the same geographical terms were used for di\dsions of greater magnitude — Jurassic System, Jurassic Period. Lately, the demand that there should be a separate nomenclature for chronological as distinct from stratigraphical terms has been repeated on various occasions. It seems advisable to meet it : not because a dual system of terminology is altogether desirable, but rather with the hope that in the future the system based on zoologs' will supplant that based on strata! development and geography, at any rate for all those purposes where chronology" and biolog}' are concerned. Other considerations have also influenced this decision. There are various reasons why names taken from places — geograpliical names — are unsuitable for chronological purposes. Chronologv depends on the succession of phenomena, and when there are zoological phenomena, as in the Jurassic Period, they are more rehable as time-indices than the geological-geographical developments of strata : these are frequently defective, either through poverty in original sedimentation, or b\- loss from penecontemporaneous erosion. An ideal geographical naming of geological strata would be taken from the places along some stretch of coast where, owing to gentle dip, successively younger beds are met with in a given direction — for instance, from L\Tne Regis (Lymian) to Portland (Portlandian) along the Dorset coast. The geological succession accords with geographical position — to remember the sequence is, therefore, easy. But this ideal is impracticable : there are not enough place-names to express the stratal (and faunal) developments, while the strata! succession, grand though it be, is too frequently incomplete — strata which are important elsewhere are either poorly developed or entirel}' lacking here. Therefore it has become the custom to range widely afield for names of Stages, there being in many cases several localities with about equal claims to such distinction. But this has a great disadvantage — the sequence of names given to stages becomes an arbitrary' one, difficult to memorize, because there is no geographical association as an aid. With few names this difficulty was not great ; but with so large an increase in the names of Stages in a Period like the Jurassic, due mainly to the discovery that local stratal developments are so frequently defective, the difficulty becomes formidable. Local failures of strata, too, have introduced compUcations, tor as . TYPE AMMONITES— IV Jum TABLE \—JURASSI I — English Stratal Terms II — English Stage Names, etc. (a) Sub-divisions {b) Main Divisions Wealden Beds, pars Speeton Clay, pars — — — — — — (Spilsby Sandstone) Upper Purbeck Beds Middle Purbeck Beds Purbeck Beds Lower Purbeck Beds absent ? Portland Stone "Creamy Limestones") Portland Glauconitic Beds ("Rubbly Beds") — — — — — — Portland Beds Shotover Grit Sands Portland Sands Hart well Clay Portlandian Bononian ■ — — — — — • — Kimmeridge Clay — — — — Upper Kimmeridge Beds Kimmeridgian absent ? Upper Kimmeridge Beds Middle Kimmeridge Beds Kimmeridge Clay Kimmeridgian Lower Kimmeridge Beds Sequanian 1922 CHRONOLOGY HRONOLOGY II — Continental etc. Stage Names I V — Chronologico- Stratigraphical Terms (T.A. I— III, etc. {Ages or Stages) V — Chronological Terms (T.A. n-) {Ages) .\quilonian (Upper Volgian) Craspeditan iTithonian (pars) (Koniakau Beds, pars) (Upper Portland, Mexico, pars) Proniceratan absent ? Portlandian Gigantitan (CLVI) Behemothan (CCCV) Paravdrgatitan (CCCVI) Lower Volgian ? Virgatitan ? (Pseudovirgatitan ?) Portlandian Lower Tithonian Aulacosphinctean Lower Portland of Mexico Mazapilitan Lowest Tithonian Gravesian — — — _ _ Kimmeridgian — Virgulian Pterocerian Physodoceratan Rasenian Sequanian — — Prionodoceratan (CLV) TYPE AMMONITES— IV June lA IB TABLE \~JURASSIC II Upper Calcareous Grit (Supra Coralline Beds) Coral Rag Coralline Oolite (Ampthill Clay) Middle Calcareous Grit Oxford Oolites (Lower Calc. Grit) Hambleton Oolite (Lower Calc. Grit) Lower Calc. Grit (Yorks) (Littlemore Sands, lower part ?) Upper Oxford Clay Corallian Middle Oxford Clay Lower Oxford Clay Oxford Clay Kelloway Rock, pars (Yorksliirc) Oxfordian absent ? Kellaways Rock Kellaways Clay Clay above Cornbrash Kellaways Beds (Wiltshire) Kellowav Rock, pars (Yurks) Callovian Upper Cornbrasli 1922 CHRONOLOGY UlRONOLOGY {continued) III IV irtian V Ringsteadian (CCXXV) auracian Perisphinctean (CCLXXXII) )xfordian (Argo\4an) Argovian ^ -ower Oxfordian Divesian Cardioceratan (ccxcvi) Vertumniceratan (CXVI) Kosmoceratan (CCLXI) Chanasian Reineckeian 3allo\'ian Callovian Proplanulitan (CCXIII) Chanasian Macrocephalitan (CCLXXXIV) 10 TYPE AMMONITES— IV June lA IB TABLE \-JURASSI( II Middle Cornbrash Cornbrash Lower Cornbrash Hinton Sands Forest Marble Forest Marble Bradfordian Bradford Clay Great Oolite Clay Bradford Clay Upper Great Oolite (Upper Fullers' Earth Clay) Middle Great Oolite (Upper Fullers' Earth Rock) Lower Great Oolite (Lower Fullers' Earth Rock) Stonesfield Slate Great Oolite Series (Upper Division) Bathian (Bathonian) Great Oolite Series (Lower Division) Fullonian Fullers' Earth (Lower Fullers' Earth Clay) Fullonian Upper Inferior Oolite Vesulian Middle Inferior Oolite Inferior Oolite Bajocian J922 CHROyOLOGY HRONOLOGY {continued) III — — — — — IV II Bedfordin (Bedfordian) Clydoniceratan Bradfordin Oxyceritan ? Falaisin Falaisian (Bathian) Tulitan (CCLXVIII) Stonesfieldin Stonesfieldian Gracilisphinctean (CXCIII) Cadomin Eningenian (\'esulian) Zigzagiceratan (CCLIX) Ehningin Parkinsonian (CCXLVIl) Scarboroughin [Scarburgian] Maconin [Maconian] Bajocian Stepheoceratan (CCXXXVIII) Sonniiiian (CCXCVIII) 12 TYPE AMM0NITES~IV June lA TABLE X- JURASSIC IB II Lower Inferior Oolite Bridport Sands (upper part) (Dun Caan Beds) — Aalenian — — — Inferior Oolite Sands Yeovil Sands Midford Sands Cotteswold Sands Upper Lias Sands Toarcian Upper Lias Upper Lias Clays Middle Lias Marlstone Middle Lias Pliensbachian Middle Lias Clays Middle Lias/ Lower Lias Carixian Charmouthian Lower Lias Clays — — — — — — — — — — — — — Sinemurian Lower Lias Limestones Basal Lias Lower Lias Tre-planorbis Beds Hettangian 1922 CHRONOLOGY n CHRONOLOGY {continued) III IV V Cheltenhamin Ludvvigian [Cheltonian] c (CCXLVl) oj All f^m a w Gundershofin Si /ictlLlllctll [Gundersho f enian]^ — . — . — — — Canavarinan BoUin Alfeldin Dumortierian (CCLXVl) Yeovilian Grammoceiatan (lxxix) Toarcian Haugian Whitbian Hildoceratan Altorfin (CXIV) Pliensbachin Harpoceratan (IV) Banzin J -3 Domerian Amaltheian (I) — — — — "71 '^ — — — — — - — — — — - - — Mendin l§ Hwiccian c Liparoceratan Jo rt (CVIII) — — — . — . C (D rt — . — — — -t-> — — — — _ - — - Rottorfin ■gOn^O ^^"essexian 1— • Polvmorphitan J ^ (LIII) Raasayan U Deioceratan (XLn-) Balingin Deiran Oxynoticeratan .§ (VIII) Mercian Asteroceratan (xxxix) Filderin — — — — (75 _ — ^ Lymian Coroniceratan CO 3 (CXXXI) (75 Caloceratan (XVII) Hettangin Hettangian ? 14 TYPE AMMONITES— IV June research proceeds it is seen that certain local names given to Stages, because the strata appeared to be so well developed at the localities, are imperfect for various reasons : the strata are not in true sequence, a middle portion is partially or completely missing ; or the strata are defective at their beginning or their end. Extensions of the geographical term to meet the new discoveries, or to make the name of the Stage correspond with some definite faunal development, are often not con- sidered to be warranted. Further, there are complications which increase the difficulties for the memory. Owing to difference in application of a name, differences of local usage and association, the same term for a Stage is found to be applied to deposits of different dates — in England Oxfordian is used for the deposits known as Oxford Clay ; on the Continent it is employed for the later deposits — the Oxford Oolites. A similar result has obtained with the term Portlandian on the Continent : owing to confusion in Ammonite nomenclature, this term came to be used for a large part of what is known in England as Kimmeridgian. There are various reasons why zoological names applied to Ages should be more suitable for chronological purposes, and, when once learnt, easier to remember. Chronology is marked by successive faunal developments which, there is reason to think, are world-wide — at any rate, in the case of Ammonites. The difference in Ammonite-fauna between the Mediterranean and the Mid-European provinces, which is supposed to make exact synchronization of some of their respective strata difficult or impossible, is more probably not geographical, but geological — due mainly to differences in the preservation of corresponding strata in the two provinces — in the south is preserved what the north has lost, and vice versa. Faunal differences which exist in supposed isochronous strata at localities a few miles apart in the same basin cannot be ascribed to geographical situation making difference of climate. Rightly, therefore, proof is required when faunal differences in two regions are, under similar circumstances, ascribed to geographical causes. Reasonably, in the more southern regions greater abundance of species may be expected ; but a complete disagreement in species between the two regions suggests not geographical, but geological differences — the correlation is at fault, the claim that the strata are truly isochronous may be questioned. When the strata of the Mediterranean and Mid-European provinces are truly isochronous, some community of species in the two regions is to be expected. In earl}^ Jurassic (Liassic) strata such community of species in the two provinces is well enough known ; in late Jurassic (Upper Oolites) strata such community is exceptional. If geographical situation be claimed as the cause in the second case, why was it not a cause in the first ? The names given to the different episodes of the faunal succession represent a series of natural phenomena ; therefore they are not arbitrary names — they correspond to what would be the ideal in geographical naming mentioned above. They should express a definite sequence of events — a sequence which in most cases has been proved by repeated research. Therefore, a series of zoological names for Ages, expressing a sequence of zoological facts, should be much easier to remember than any series of geographical names for Stages culled haphazard, as it were. Genus A appeared earlier than genus B, which again preceded genus C — a system of naming which records these facts gives a definite clue to the memory ; the same can only be claimed for geographical names taken from a definite line in one country : it cannot be claimed for them 1922 CHROXOLOGY 15 when they are taken, as they necessarily must be, from various countries. There is nothing to guide the memory as to whether a name taken from a place in England preceded or succeeded one taken from a place in France or in Germany. Table I, presented in pp. 6 — 13, illustrates these remarks. It is to be followed by another Table setting forth the sequences of hemerae which make up the different Ages, together ^^ith such stratal correlations as the present, admittedly very incomplete state of knowledge allows. Systematic investigation of hemeral sequence is only just beginning : it is hampered by lack of names — the practice of apph'ing to homoeo- morphous species at widely different horizons a designation which may, at the best, belong perhaps rightly only to one of them, is responsible for much trouble. The others may all lack names and from such lack are difficult to record with precision. All this has to be allowed for in considering the Tables. The history and evolution of these Tables, so far as regards the Lias and the Lower and Middle Oolites, may be found in this work : I, p. xvi, II, p. X, III, pp. 9, 10, 40, 51, and in the Author's papers, Q.J.G.S., LXVI, 1910, pp. 52-108, LXXIII, pp. 257-327 ; LXXVI. pp. 62-103 • among these \nll be found references to other papers, to the work of other authors, and to the labours of many kind helpers. Dr. W. D. Lang, Dr. L. F. Spath, Dr. A. E. Trueman^ Mr. J. Pringle and Mr. A. Templeman have also been carrpng the work further in the Lias, and are thanked for all their kind information. As regards the Upper Oolites, the Author is greatly indebted to the masterly works of Dr. Hans Salfeld — particularly to his Gliederung d. oberen Jura in Nordwesteuropa ; X. Jahrb. 1913, Beil.-Bd. XXX\TI, pp. 125-246. He also acknowledges with thanks much kind help and information from Dr. A. ^lorley Da\ies, Dr. F. L. Kitchin, Mr. J. Pringle, Mr. C. P. Chatwin, and from many others who have aided b}' kindly submitting specimens. * ^ome explanation of Table I may be given. No claim is made that all the Ages mentioned in the Table should be regarded as belonging to the Jurassic Period — some of early date may be claimed for the Triassic, and some of late date for Cretaceous — or some faunas now regarded as Cretaceous may be found to have greater affinity with Jurassic. The heterogeneous terms — Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic — are unsuit- able for chronology. That demands some such dixision as Baculitoidic Period (Cretaceous) Ammonitoidic Period (Jurassic) Ceratitoidic Period (Triassic) where BacuUtoid ma}' be taken to express not only Baculites, but the uncoiled or aberrantly-coiled species in general, which are so characteristic of the third Period of the Mesozoic. Di\4sion of the Ammonitoidic Period into Epochs will be required. The family or super-family names of Ammonites seem unsuitable — too limited in the first case, too comprehensive in the second. Rather, what have to be expressed are the morphological phases of Ammonite development which are dominant at certain times, as, for instance, that towards the later part of the Jurassic (Ammonitoidic) Period planulate Ammonites are the dominant feature— successive waves of heterogenetic homceomorphs which have arrived at the planulate condition along manv different fines. i6 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV Jmte Thus the following scheme may be suggested : — Virgatal Epoch — Craspeditan-Pseudovirgatitan . Planulatal Epoch — Aulacosphinctean-Proplanulitan. Coronatal Epoch — Macrocephalitan-Sonninian. Falcif eral Epoch — Ludwigian- Amaltheian . Capricornal Epoch — ^Liparoceratan-Deroceratan. Arietal Epoch — Oxynoticeratan-Coroniceratan, or to Caloceratan, if that Age be not claimed for the Ceratitoidic Period. The Virgatal Epoch is parted from the Planulatal as the time of more or less virgatome ribbing, shown in Pseudovirgatites and Virgato- sphmctes besides Virgatites, and suggested by inner whorls of Para- virgatites (PI. CCCVI). There is reason to suppose that the giants of the Gigantitan-Behemothan Ages are descendants of virgatomes — the change is shown in Paravirgatites. In regard to the columns of Table I : in column \a various new terms, like Upper, Middle and Lower Cornbrash have been introduced, for the sake of clearness ; but these will be justified in the hemeral sequence. In column \b are given the usual stratigraphical terms employed by English geologists, but these have varied greatly in their application, changing with the lithic facies. In column it are the stage-names usually found in Englisli text-books ; column III contains some of the Continental stage-names, but their exact correlation with the Stratal terms or with the Chronological terms is not to be insisted upon : they have varied in their application according as the lithic series of different localities have influenced the views of different authors ; column IV shows the terms employed for Stages or Ages in the earlier portions of this work and in the author's papers on Jurassic Chronology ; wliile the last column presents the presumed sequence of the chronological terms now proposed for the Ages. A few words on these are required. There are 43 Ages : 23 are represented in this work up to Part xxxiii In' iigm-es of the name- genus (ref. Roman large caps.), 8 by a form of the date, but not the name-genus (ref. Roman small caps.), and 12 are not yet illustrated. The time of the Proniceratan Age is doubtful : it is here suggested as occupying the time of the non-sequence between Portland and Purbeck Beds. The species of " Perisphinctes " figured by Neumayr and Uhlig from the ironstone of Salzgitter, Hanover (Ililsbild. Palaeontogr. N.F. VII (3), 1881, pp. 135-203) may be of approximately the same date — perhaps derived, perhaps entombed in a condensed deposit. The largest area of exposed Portland Rocks in England, if not in the world, is found in the district East Oxfordshire — West Buckingham- shire, in about the middle of which this work has been and is being- written. It is rich in Ammonites, many are large, some are giants — megalomorphs. The strata arc divided into some twenty beds by the quarrymen, some of which show signs of redeposition. There are certainly quite twenty hemene to be dealt witli, and if there be only an average of two species to each hemera, that means forty species of Ammonites for (Upper) Portlandian : more may be expected. A summary of the strata is as follows : — rUpper Chalky J'eds (" Witchett " +). (iigantitan Age < Sandstone {^Liiaiiiics, Briareites). I Lower Chalky Beds {Gigantites). (Speckled Beds and Sands. Jjcluinothan Age i)resent-day geographical types, and the estuaries must be capable of conversion into seas according to the demands of autoch- thonous or of drifted Ammonites for the respective areas and times concerned. I 0 TYPE AMMONITES S. S. BUCKMAN, f.g.s. The illustrations from photographs by J. W. TUTCHER and The Author Part XXXV 20 Plates Published by the Author Sold by WHELDON AND WESLEY. Ltd. INCORPORATING WILLIAM WESLEY and SON 28 ESSEX STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. 2 August, 1922 CONTENTS Part XXXV Illustrations : — Plate 305. Ammonites giganteus (Behemoth megasthenes) CCCV B 306. Ammonites bononiensis ((ilaucohthites glaucoHthus) CCCVI b 307. Ammonites bononiensis (Leucopetrites leucus) CCCMI b 22, 326 — 332, HOMCEOMORPHY j^^. Serpenticone Morphoceratid (Polysphinctitcs polysphinctus) . . . . CCCXXII c 326. Perisphinctes martinsii (Prorsisphinctcs omphalicus .. .. CCCXXVI 327. Perisphinctes evohitoides (Planisphinctes planilobus) .. .. CCCXXMI 328. Perisphinctes subbakeri;e Homoeoplanulites homoeomorphus CCCXX\ III 329. Perisphinctes subbakerice (Anaplanulites difficilis) .. .. CCCXXIX 330. Perisphinctes comptoni Proplanuhtes lobatus) CCCXXX 331. Ammonites koenigi (Proplanuhtes arciruga) CCCXXXI 332. Am. (Perisphinctes) psendomutabilis (Trinisphinctes trinus) CCCXXXII 333. Ammonites vernoni (Klematosphinctes vernoni) .. . , CCCXXXIII 334. Macrocephalites macrocephalus (Macrocephahtes verus) CCCXXXIVa 334. Ammonites macrocephalus (Macrocephalites verus) CCCXXXIV B 335. Stephanoceras crassizigzag (Zigzagiceras crassizigzag) CCCXXXV 336. Ammonites gowerianus (Toricellites approximatus) . . CCCXXXVI 337. Ammonites interrupta (Parkinsonia interrupta) . . . . CCCXXXVH 338. Ammonites subcontractus (Rugiferites rugifcr) CCCXXXVIII 339. Ouenstedticeras Hexicostatum (Bourkelambcrticeras intermissum) CCCXXXIX 340. Ammonites dispansus (PliKseogrammocfras dispansum) . . CCCXL CHELTENHAM NORMAN. .t:AWYER AND CO, LTD., PRINTERS .?T. CEORGE's HALL TYPE AMMONITES BY S. S. BUCKMAN, f.g.s. The illustrations from photographs by J. W. TUTCHER and The Author Part XXXVI i6 Plates Published by the Author Sold by WHELDOX AND \VESLP:Y. Ltd. INCORPORATING WILLIA-M WESLEY and SON 28 ESSEX street, strand, LONDON, W.C. 2 October, 1922 CONTENTS Part xxxvi Illustrations :^ Plates 341. x\mmonites corrugatus (Zugophorites zugophorus) .. .. CCCXLI 342. Ammonites bononiensis (Behemoth lapideus) CCCXLIIa, b 343. Ammonites giganteus (Trophonites imperator) CCCXLIIIa, b 344. Stephanoceras sp (' planulate ') (Mollistephanus motlisj CCCXLIV 345. Am. humphriesianus crassicosta (Kumatostephanus kumaterus) .. CCCXLVa, b 346. Ammonites arbustigerus (Suspensites suspensus) CCCXLVI 347. Macrocephahtes herveyi (Kamptokephalites kamptus) .. CCCXLVII 348. Macrocephahtes pila (Pleurocephahtes folliformis) .. CCCXLVHI 349. Ammonites capax (Gohathiceras capax) CCCXLI X 350. Ammonites blagdeni (Teloceras labrum) CCCLa, b 351. Morphoceras polymorphum (Patemorphoceras patescens).. .. CCCLI 352. Cosm. parkinsoni rarecostatum (Parkinsonia rarecostata) CCCLII CHELTENHAM MORMAN, SAWYER AND CO. LTD., PRINTERS ST. George's hall TYPE AMMOiNITES BY S. S. BUCKMAN. f.g.s. The illustrations from photojj;raphs by J. \V. TUTCHER and The Author Part XXXVII Pages 21-28 ; 14 Plates Published bv the Author Sold by WHELDON & WESLEY, Ltd. 2, 3 & 4, ARTHUR STREET, NEW OXFORD STREET LONDON, \V.C. 2 December, 1922 CONTENTS Part XXX\TI Text Chronology Illustrations : — ■ 287. Ammonites gowerianus (Gowericeras planus) 308. Ammonites biplex (Faravirgatites paravirgatus) . 353. Ammonites triplicatus (Lydistratites lyditicus) 354. Ammonites pectinatus (Pectinatites pectinatus) 355. Ammonites bononiensis (Galbanites galbanus). . . Pages 21 — 28 356. Hammatoceras planinsigne (Planammatoceras planiforme) 357. Sphaeroceras gervillii (Chondroceras grand iforme) 358. Ammonites garantiemus (Garantiana garantiana) 359. Annnonites ])olymorphus (Polysphinctites replictus) . . 360. Ammonites koenigi (Proplanulites trifurcatus) 361. Cardioceras goliathus (Korythoceras kor} s) 362. Harpoceratoid Anmionite (Paltarpites paltus) Plates CCLXXXVlf CCCVIII B CCCLIII A, B CCCLIV A, B CCCLV A . . CCCLVI . . cccLvn .. CCCLVUl . . CCCLIX CCCLX . . CCCLXI .. CCCLXII CHELTENHAM NORMAN, SAWYER AND CO. LTD., PRINTERS ST. George's hall 1922 CHROXOLOGY 21 Dec. This mutability of lacustrine, estuarine and marine conditions presents some interesting problems. For instance, where, at the com- mencement of the Ammonitoidic Period, did the Jureuropean land-locked sea have connexion with the ocean ? It may be suggested that it was in south-eastern Europe, and yet that the irruption which opened up the Jureuropean Sea came from the west. At any rate, two gateways for this sea were, later, developed on the west — that of Bordeaux, which was to the south of Juroceltia, and that of Ireland- Hebrides, which was to the north of it. • Differences in the distribution of species of PsUoceras should give evidence as to whether these two gatewaj's were breached separately or simultaneously, just as the absence from Wurtemberg of the geologically-earhest forms of PsUoceras — those of the P. planorbis-type — seems to supply one piece of evidence, not only against the irruption being from the east, but in favour of a temporary closing up of any connexion that may have formerly existed in that direction. There is, however, another piece of evidence — the difference in the Caloceratan fauna of Wurtemberg and the North-Eastem Alps. But this raises the whole question provoked by a consideration of Table I — why is a difference of fauna considered, in the one case, to imply absence of strata ^^ithout difference of province, and, in another case, difference of province ^^ithout necessarily absence of strata ? The faunal differences are not of the same value. In the one case there are, say, two localities. A, B, which may be hundreds of miles apart. In the case of A the faunal (Ammonite) sequence may be represented by the letters a, c, d ; but in the case of B the faunal sequence stands as a, b, c, d. In the respective faunas a, c, d, the identity of species is so great as to warrant the assumption that there was free inter-communication between the two localities. The difference between them hes in the absence of the fauna b from the locaUty A, but its presence in the locality B. It is, then, reasonable to assume that such absence from the locality A was due to penecontemporaneous removal of the deposit which contained fauna b — an assumption which can generally be strengthened by investigation of localities intermediate between A and B : some localities will show presence of fauna b, others not only absence of fauna b, but absence of any strata between the beds containing a and c. In regard to two localities, B and C, which may be only a few score miles apart, the faunal difference may be expressed, in the one case, as before, a, b, c, d ; but, in the other case, as ai, bi, ci, di : the species in the faunas are not identical — the species are morphic equivalents, they are similar in general facies at each respective faunal horizon. In such case it is reasonable to assume that the respective faunas belonged to separated geogiaphical provinces, that there was some barrier which prevented all communication between the respective areas; because, if there was any communication, there would be a minghng of a, b, c, d and ai, bi, ci, di, since the distance is quite short ; seeing that there are cases of identity of species pointing to free communication when the distance is far greater. And another piece of evidence supports the assumption of distinct provinces — that in the case of C there is greater faunal (Ammonite) richness of species than in B. If A be taken to represent South England, B, Wurtemberg, and C, the Xorth-Eastern Alps, then the above reasons show why Dorset and Wurtemberg may be considered to be parts of one province, while the North-Eastem Alps may be supposed to be separated from that pro\nnce 22 TYPE AMMONITES— IV Dec. during the Caloceratan Age. But, later, there is found to be identity of species between B and C and greater equaUty in their respective faunas, which lead to the conclusion that the barrier was ultimately broken down. Not quite the same evidence can be brought forward in support of the argument that the Cotteswold area (Juromercia) was a province separated from the Dorset-Somerset area (Jurowessexia). In this case there is no evidence that the Ammonite faunas of the two provinces were distinct — in fact, the evidence, so far as it goes, suggests specific identity. But, south of a line which ran somewhat north of the Mendip axis, there was, during Ludwigian-Sonninian Ages, an Ammonite-fauna of remarkable richness, in excellent preservation. Just a few miles away, north of the line, the Ammonite-fauna is scanty, both in species and in specimens, all badly preserved. Direct communication seems, there- fore, to be ruled out in favour of indirect communication around the island of Juroceltia, to the north of which there was a Hebridean area (Jurhebridea), off the west coast of Scotland, with an abundant, well-preserved Ammonite fauna comparable with that of Jurowessexia. Several other facts, however, support this view of an isthmus (Jurobristolia) parting Jurowessexia and Juromercia during Ludwigian- Sonninian Ages. The Brachiopod faunas are different, — as first pointed out by J. F. Walker — ^the strata are quite different, thin in the former, thick in the latter with episodes of brackish water — the Freestones — and with episodes of coral reefs ; the later the strata, the further north of the isthmus is their preservation (Map in S. Buckman, Bajocian of the North Cotteswolds : the Main Hill-mass ; Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, LXVII, 1901, PI. vi), pointing to a gradual rising along the line of the isthmus ; while, lastly, the further north, that is, the later the deposit, the more abundant are the Ammonites. The strata of the Stepheoceratan Age should have been preserved to the north-west of Cleeve Cloud (Cheltenham), that is, over Worcestershire (see map above cited) : they presumably remained till after Mesozoic times, but were wholly destroyed later. Taking Brachiopod faunas and strata as evidence, it seems reasonable to assume that during Ludwigian-Stepheoceratan Ages the Jurassic strata of England were laid down in three, if not four basins : the two provinces already mentioned, Juranglia — Lincolnshire and East England — and Jureboracia — Yorkshire. Jurangha shows brackish water deposits and a micromorph Brachiopod fauna almost wholly unstudied : this area may have been an upper reach — a kind of Gulf of Bothnia appendage — of Juromercia. But Jureboracia, with its rapid alternations of marine and estuarine deposits, cannot be attached to Juranglia — the marine strata demand a position to the seaward, the estuarine to the landward of Juranglia. One or other proposition could be sustained, perhaps ; but alternations of position cannot be. Therefore it appears to be necessary to cut off Jureboracia from Juranglia, giving it the relationship which the White Sea bears to the Gulf of Bothnia, and a similar outlook— to the Arctic Ocean. Many phenomena seem to fit such an assumption, but the difficulty is to find the land whose drainage would make rivers possessing the necessary estuaries, and not to postulate two rivers flowing in opposite directions each side of an anticline, — a kind of Scandinavia— J uropenninia, Scotland and the Pennine range, the highland which stretched down from the north, parting Jureboracia from Jurhebridea. For, though it would not be impossible 1922 CHRONOLOGY 23 to point to such modem cases, it would be necessar\% if the parallehsm is to be exact, to show that the modem rivers were of the same class as the Jurassic streams — consequents and consequents must be paraUeled, not subsequents with consequents. Thus the enquiry branches out far beyond the limits of a work on Ammonites. And it is easy to see that in other directions evidence is to be sought. For, if the estuarine beds belong to different river- systems, opening into different oceans, their faunal contents should reveal such facts. But this is not a line of Ammonite enquiry. Pause may be made here to indicate something of interest : that the nearest modem geographical parallel to the Jureuropean Sea and its bordering lands is to be found in the Arctic Ocean and surrounding continents. This is noticeable, because there America comes into nearest contact \rith Europe. According to Dr. Wegener's theor\' of drifting continents, America was in close proximity to Europe a few million years ago — a period of time less than may be supposed to have elapsed since the close of the Jurassic Period. But, if America was not far distant from Juroceltia in the Jurassic Period, faunal and stratal similarity' in the American and European Jurassic deposits should be expected. On such subject the value of very detailed chronological analyses \v\]l be shown : for, if there be such similarity, it would be evidence in favour of the theory, though if there be not, it would not be fatal to it. Between the Ammonite-fauna of Jureuropea and that of the west coast of South America there is very considerable similarity — the connexion is supposed to have been made by an extension of the Jureuropean sea, Tethys, as a mediterranean between the north shore of Gondwanaland and the south shore of Atlantis. But there is little, if any, similarity between the Ammonite-faunas of Jureuropea and North America. Whether America was close to Europe or was in its present position makes no essential difference to the geography of the Jurassic — in the first place Tethys would be depicted in length as great as the present Atlantic, in the second, it would be shown as very short. Except for such difference in length, the general configuration of land and water would be similar. In \ridth, Tethys, as an open sea Ipng to the west of the island of Juroceltia, may be postulated as stretching from Rockall to Madeira. Returning now to the Arctic Ocean — this is a sea almost surrounded by land. If Davis Strait and the Greenland Sea be imagined as closed by land, then there is a geographical parallel to the Jureuropean Sea in earliest Caloceratan Age. The breaking dowTi of these barriers — the Greenland Sea corresponding to the Biscayan gateway and Davis Strait to the Hebridean gateway — makes a geographical parallel to the Jureuropean sea — and land — conditions during the rest of the Ammoni- toidic Period. The Bering-Straits outlet corresponds to the outlet in South-East Europe, which was presumably closed when the western gateways were opened. If the Arctic-Ocean area be turned through 90 degrees to the east, so that Greenland Hes to the west, and Bering Straits to the east, the parallelism with Jureuropea is ver\^ close. As regards islands, Greenland then corresponds to Juroceltia, while the various archipelagos dotted about the Arctic Ocean parallel various similar fieatures which may be postulated for Jureuropea. Earth- movements connecting these islands or other land-areas together would make temporary faunal provinces, distinguished by faunal dissimilarity. And dependent on such crustal movements must be raising of certain 24 TYPE AMMONITES— IV Dec. areas within the Hmits of erosion, whereby penecontemporaneous denuda- tion produced, in any province, faunal dissimilarities, marked by local absences of faunas of certain hemerae. It may be urged that the evidence for such crustal movements would be found only in strata laid down in shallow seas. If that be so, a deep-sea deposit, like the Tithonian, should have no faunal failure ; but, if it contain a complete faunal sequence, there should be in its fauna something analogous to the faunas of the Behemothan-Gigantitan Ages of England. These faunas are very local in Northern Europe, and the phenomenon of their absence is explained by the hypothesis of pene- contemporaneous erosion. Is it necessary to have another hypothesis to explain their absence from the Tithonian ? It does not seem reasonable to suggest that crustal movements were local, and happened only where seas were shallow. It seems more justifiable to suppose that crustal movements were like the waves of the sea, continuous, widespread and of variable magnitude, able in time to raise even deep-sea formations to within reach of denuding agencies. Time is the factor for which insufficient allowance is made. A hemera, though taken as the chronological unit, must be regarded as a very lengthy stretch of time. Migration of Ammonites would be a slow process ; but, in comparison with net accumulation of deposition of strata, it would be so rapid, or the latter was so much slower, that the accumulation of deposit was insufficient to mark the point of faunal departure from the point of arrival. The rate of Ammonite migration to that of deposition was like the flight of an aeroplane to the progress of brick-laying. Present-day phenomena of deposition or of faunal dispersal are very unsafe guides. Geological strata are made by the net result of a constant battle of addition versus subtraction, in which are seen, locally, the small, slow victories of addition, after many vicissitudes. The same arguments apply to modern faunal irregularities — they cannot be true criteria of what the ultimate geological record in the rocks will be : they are only records of temporary local phenomena, observed during a length of time quite negligible in comparison with the length of a hemera. Detailed hemeral sequences will illustrate the various points which have been discussed, but the difficulty in many cases is to be sure of the sequence. Where there are scattered deposits, with anisidophorous faunas, in contiguous localities of the same area, they cannot be of the same date, though they occupy the same relative positions. But there may be, to hand, little or no clue to sequence. For instance, species of Macrocephalitidas occur in Cornbrash limestone, Kellaways Clay and Kellaways Rock. Where these are found super-imposed in one small area, the sequence of their contained species is known — so far as the three rocks are concerned ; but the sequence of species in each rock may not be known. Where these rocks occur in widely-separated areas, their sequence can be only surmised — for the supposed Kellaways Clay may be a local argillaceous contemporary of the Cornbrash, while the local Kellaways Rock, instead of being later than the Kellaways Clay elsewhere, may be earlier or synchronous. The sequence, then, of species of Macrocephalitidse from widely-scattered localities .along the Bathian-Callovian junction can only be a matter for surmise — it cannot be stated from their matrices — not till all forms have been thoroughly worked out and definite local super-positions of strata with distinct forms have been ascertained. 1922 CHRONOLOGY 25 Another case: in the south of France, the fauna of Perisphinctes martelli-type is placed in the zone of Peltoceras transversarium ; in Wurtemberg the latter zone contains Uttle or no evidence of the martelli fauna ; in England the strata with the martelli-iaxLndi — giants like those of the South of France — show no transversarium. Also, in England, penecontemporaneous erosion in these strata is very pronounced, even in two sides of the same small quarr}^ and, as between different quarries, there is much stratal failure. Penecontemporaneous erosion might, then, account well enough for any local faunal failure. So that the question naturally arises whether that accounts for the faunal differences between the distant places cited — whether the martelli and transversarium faunas, though homotaxial, were truly isochronous. With such doubt it is an assumption without e\*idence to date the English strata as transversarium, or those of Wurtemberg as tnartelli : it seems preferable to keep the records distinct, though it may involve an assumption as to sequence. Similar stratigraphical position does not prove contem- poraneity, nor does the occurrence of two faunas in one thin bed prove their isochronism : this may become impossible to maintain in the face of adverse e\'idence from amphfied deposits elsewhere. Thick deposits, poor in species, may be more reliable chronological guides than thin deposits which are rich. But the latter, in most cases, attract the greater attention. Such are the methods of the hemeral tables now to be given — the sequences of many hemerge must be regarded as supposititious, because correlation of localities analyzed according to a very detailed method is particularly difficult — in the case of condensed, polyhemeral beds, whose amplified deposits are unknown, it is nearly impossible. But some local stratal and faunal sequences will be given to show the data used. WTien hemeral names are bracketed together, possible synchronism is suggested, though the names are used because of peculiarities of faunal distribution. When a name is marked by an asterisk, e\'idence as to position in the sequence is not altogether satisfactory* — a case of surmise. The phenomenon of faunal repetition makes correlation difficult, and surmise possibly erroneous. To place the hemeral tables in sequence, it is necessary to begin with the youngest deposits : this is the wrong method of writing, having regard to development, but the only method of presentation for a page read downwards. For the equivalents of the Craspeditan Age, Dr. Salfeld gives three zones : — Craspedites nodiger C. subditus C. okensis The fauna of the middle one only is said to be found in Yorkshire. The hemeral sequence has, presumabh-, been incompletely anal\-zed, and lies rather beyond this work ; for the rest of the English deposits of Craspeditan Age are lacustrine. Incomplete knowledge may be urged in the case of the deposits of the Proniceratan Age — the sequence is, perhaps, to be found in scattered deposits of different dates. But for the main of the rest of the Virgatal Epoch, the follo\nng hemeral sequence and stratal succession may be suggested : — 26 TYPE AMMONITES— IV Dec. TABLE II— JURASSIC CHRONOLOGY (Hemerse) Ages Hemerce Gigantitan 9 7. Titanites . . . . 3. 6. Briareites . . 4. 5. Gigantites . . 5. 4. Trophonites . . 6. 3 7- 2 8. 1 9- Behemothan 15 10- 14 II. 13 12. 12 13- II 14. 10 15- 9. gorei . . . . 16. 8 17. 7 18. 6 19. 5 20. 5. leucos . . . . 21. 3. megasthenes . . 22. 2. glaucolithus . . 23. 1 24. Paravirgatitan 8. lyditicus . . . . 25. 7 26. 6. paravirgatus . . 27. 5. Am. ci.devillei . . 28. 4. pectinatus . . 29. 3 30- 2. Wheatleyites . . 31. I. ^m. cf. pectin- 32. ViRGATAL Epoch (pars) (Workmen's Terms in Capitals) Strata Upper Witchett, in 4 beds (Cadicone Gigantids) Old Osses Ed (Shell Bed with massive Gigantids Building Stone (a sandstone) Hard Lime or Blue Bed Soft Rock Lower Witchett Hard Stone Waste or Dirt Bed 33- 34- or Hard Brown Sands Sandy Marl (i of Crendon NAV.) Shelly rubble Bed Blue shelly Bed Sand and Stone Bed Speckled Bed, many brown specks ["Am. triplicatus " 3554] ; P. cf. gorei, 3852 Dirt Rubbly Limestone Bed Green speckled Bed Brown Layer Green Bed (Green marl); Ammonites with white matrix Building Stone (glauconitic stone) Waterstone Pebble Bed (Lydite Bed) Swindon Clay Shotover Grit Sands Shotover Fine Sands Wheatley Sands Swindon : Lower Cemetery Beds Hart well Clay Crendon Clay Remarks 3. Isle of Portland Curf with shells 4. Isle of Portland Curf without shells II, (12 ?) Stewkley Sands 15 ? Little worth Sands 16, Isle of Portland : Flinty series, +, — ; "Am. triplicatus." (Upper Portl., Bou- logne) Barley Hill (Thame) Blue Bed 25. Littleworth Lydite Clay 27 — 29. Thame Sands 28. Middle Portl., Boulogne. 31- Lower Portl., Boulogne ? 1922 CHRONOLOGY 27 Sequenxe I — Long Crendon, Buckinghamshire Table II, i — 10. Creamy Limestones, (Barrel Hill, i — 10) II, 12. Sands (Barrel Hill 11, N.W. i) 13—18. Rubbly Beds (N.W. 2—7) 19 — 24. Glauconitic Beds (N.W. 8 — 11) 25. Lydite Bed (N.W. 12) Thame Sands (N.W. 13) Crendon Clay Beds I — II were exposed in the quarry at Barrel Hill, on the south of the village. Beds 12 — 24 are exposed in pits at the north-west end of the village, in a field to the right of the road to Oakley. Bed 12 is presumed to join to Bed 11 \nthout gap and without lap, but this requires to be proved. Bed 25 is also exposed there, and was pierced in well-sinkings on the south side of the \'illage. The Thame Sands underUe the Lydite Bed, both to the north-west and to the south of the village. They are exposed in a sandpit on Barrel Hill and in various sandpits in and around Thame. They may be supposed to represent the Shotover Fine Sands, while possibly the Shotover Grit Sands appear in the top of them, locally, and somewhat altered. There are large doggers towards the top of the Thame Sands, according to Fitton (Trans. Geol. Soc. (2) IV, 1836, p. 283), showing penecontemporaneous erosion and non-sequence, as one may interpret his figures (p. 283, figs, i, 2). I have only seen large slabs of calcareous sandstone (Thame, near Railway Station). Coming eastwards from Shotover, these Shotover Sands are only feebly represented in the western part of Wheatley Brickyard, petering out in the eastern part. Further east towards Thame, after some interval, sands, presumably Thame Sands, lie immediately beneath Gault Clay (Cf. Fitton, p. 282). At Moreton the Lydite Bed was found in this position. Below the Thame Sands at Crendon is the Crendon Clay, shown in the now-closed brickyard at the foot of Barrel Hill. It is presumably equivalent only to the lower part of the Hartwell Clay of Hartwell. The Building Stone, Beds 3, 4, is seen to advantage in the quarries of Haddenham parish, adjoining the road from Thame to Aylesbury. Ammonites seen at Portland, though, of course, they could only be superficially examined, suggest that this Building Stone of Buckingham- shire was deposited during two hemerae. The Glauconitic Beds (19 — 24 of Table II) correspond more or less with the beds described by Fitton at Barley Hill, near Thame, Oxfordshire (loc. cit., p. 282), a pit long ago closed. But the identity of the locally-named " Barley Hill Blue Bed," Fitton 's Bed 5 presumably, with the Building Stone of Long Crendon (north-west) is not proved ; for Behemoth has not been yet found at Crendon, and Glaucolithites has not been discovered among old Thame specimens said to come from the Blue Bed. The position of Perisphinctes gorei, Salfeld, entered as a hemeral term opposite Behemothan 9, must be considered as approximate onh*. There are polygyral forms of gorei style in several beds both above and below. Mr. E. Neaverson, F.G.S., obtained a fine collection of such forms, reasonably supposed to have come from the Bugle Pit, Hartwell : they may be from a bed not represented at Long Crendon. He points out that the matrix resembles that of the Shotover Grit Sands. 28 TYPE AMMONITES— IV Dec. 1922 Correlation Table II Sequence II — Oxfordshire Wheatley Shotover Hill Bed 15 ? 16 — 19, 20, 21 , 22 — 24 , -J 27—31 27 31 (Sandpit and Brickyard, near Littleworth) I. Littleworth Sands : a. Whitish sands, with small doggers, Cardium dis- simile b. Yellowish sands, without doggers c. Brownish sands [2, 3, 4. Hidden in hill (about 15 feet unexposed) between Sandpit and top of Brick- yard (?) ] 5, b. Littleworth L^ditc Clay, Strong Clay, Amm., coarsely biplicate and fine- ribbed forms ya. Sand, lydites and whitish concretions. Paravirgatitcs ? jc. Below 34 ? 8. (Crendon Clay) (Epitomised from H. B. Wood- ward, Geol. Oxf. ; Mem. G. Surv., 1908, 51) I. Sands with hard, ferruguinous bands 2. Whitish Limestones 3. Clays, loam and greenish sands 4. Rubbly glauconitic limestone 5. Lydites with W'heatley Sands, large doggers, easily broken up. Wheatleyites (Amm. of Per. eastlecottensis type) Mild Clay (top of clay workings) The Lamellibranch fauna of the Wheatley resemblance to that of the Hartwell Clay. 6. Blue and brown clay, lydites and phosphates 7. Sands and ' sand-ballers.' More detailed by S. S. B. : ya. Shotov^er Grit Sands, with huge, very hard doggers( quartz grains, lydite and glauconite) : Paravirgatites, Am. cf. devillei, Am. pectinatus yb. Shotover Fine Sands yc. Sand-rock like the Wheatley Sands 8. Mild Clay (top of clay workings) Sands seems to have considerable Sequence III — Swindon, Wiltshire (Based on information kindly supplied by C. P. Chatwin, F.G.S., and J. Pringle, F.G.S., whose section is in the press, to be published in " Summary of Progress for 1921." Identification marks on specimens in the Hudleston collection are given in inverted commas. Square brackets enclose notes by S. S. B.) Bucks-Oxon Correlation Li ^ I. No Ammonite evidence. perhaps, for later 2. than Hard Lime < 3- (Gigantitan, 5), if so late.] 4- Swindon Strata -3. White Beds] Hard, white, chalky limestone. Lucina, Cerithium, etc. Seam of grey marl White weathering, compact limestone, with small grains of quartz [Shelly Bed] Dark-grey clayey sand, with shelly layers C' TYPE AMMONITES S. S. BUCKMAN, f.g.s. The illustrations from photographs by J. W. TUTCHER and The Author Part XXXVI II Pages 29-36 ; 19 Plates (i reprint) and a Portrait Published bv the Al'thok Sold bv WHELDOX & WESLEY, Ltd. 2, 3 & 4, ARTHUR STREET, NEW OXFORD SIKEKT LONDON, W.C. 2 February, 1923 CONTENTS Part XXXVUI I'ext ;— Chronology Illiislraiioits OJ/- 355- 3()2. 363- 364- 365- 366. 3^)7- 368. 3(^9- 370- 37^- 372. 373- 374- Frechiella cf. subcarinata (Frcchiella subcarinata) . . . . . . Parkinsonia rarecostata (Parkinsonia interrupta) iVmnionites sul)contractiis (Riigiferites rugifcr) Ammonites bononiensis ((ialbanitcs galbanns) Hammatoceras planinsigne (Planammatoceras planiforme) Harpoceratoid Ammonite (Paltarpites paltus) x\mmonites kurrianus (Argutarpites argutus) Ammonites perarmatus (Aspidoceras silphouense) Perisphinctes eastlecottensis (Wheatleyites tricostulatus) Perisphinctes martinsi (Vcrmispliinctes reparator) . . Ammonites siibcontractus (SplKeromorpiiites spli;eromorphus) Ammonites siibcontractus (Tulophorites prteclarus) Ammonites subcontractus (Tulophorites tulotus) Macrocephalites sp. (Pleurophorites pleuropliorus) Macrocephalites sp. (Pleurophorites ])olypleurus) . . Macrocephalites typicus (Dolikephalites dolius) Macrocephalites macrocephalus (Tmetokephalites bathytmetus) . . Ancyloceras bifurcatum (Rhabdodites rhabdodes) And a portrait of James Buckm Pages 29-36 Plates XXIII A cccxxxvn A cccxxxvm A CCCLV B . . CCCLVT* . . CCCLXllB . . CCCLXIII .. CCCLXIVa . . CCCLXV .. CCCLXVI CCCLXVII cccLxvni CCCLXIXa, b . . CCCLXX .. CCCLXXI CCCLXXIl CCCLXXI 1 1 CCCLXXI\' :in C H r. LT E N H A M NORMAN, SAWYER AND CO. LTD., PR:NTFR3 ST. gkorge's hall 1923 CHRONOLOGY 29 Feb. Sequence III — Swindon (continued) Bucks-Oxon Correlation Swindon Strata [5 — 7, Okus Quarry Beds] [Lower Witchett] 5. Sands with Swindon Stone (" Bb ") [Long Crendon Speckled Bed, i 6. Sandy limestone (" Be ") ; Cockly Bed gorei] \ [" Am. triplicatus "] I 7. Sandy limestone. Perisphinctes gorei [lyditicus. Pebble Bed] 8. [Upper Lydite Bed]. Lydites and derived pallasianus at base of Bed 7 Unconformity [Non-sequence] 9. Swindon Clay 10-12. Upper Cemeter}^ Beds [paravirgatus, Shotover Grit 10. [Lower Lydite Bed]. Hard, greenish marl. Sand] with Lydite (" Cb "). [Paravirgatites paravirgatus] [devillei, Shotover Grit Sand] 11. Sands and clays with Exogyra britntriitana and Perisphinctes cf. devillei [pectinatus, Shotover Grit Sand] 12. Greenish marly sandstone (" Da ") with Am. pectinatus [PI. CCCLIVb, matrix of brown ironstone, quartz grains and glauconite] [Wheatley Sand] and Perisphinctes eastlecottensis [Shotover Fine Sand ?] 13. Lower Cemetery Beds. Grey and buff sands, with doggers (" Db "). [Hartwell Clay ?] 14. (" Portland Clay "), Hill's Brickyard Bed . 15. Dark bluish-grey clay Messrs. Chatwin and Pringle consider that the Swindon Clay represents the Hartwell Clay and that where they mark ' unconformity ' " nearly 250 feet of beds at Kimmeridge Bay are missing." Faunal repetition may be the explanation of the difference in our views. Correlation between localities where none of them shows a complete succession of strata, even when beds are exposed, is particularly difficult — more so, because the Ammonite fauna of these Upper Jurassic Beds of England is very many times richer than would be supposed from the few names hitherto used to denote the species. There is a superficial resemblance in many species — massive biplicates would be a description applicable to successive species from the Crendon Clay to the top of the Portland ; but systematic analysis shows that they differ considerably. Until much more progress has been made with the illustration of this rich fauna, hitherto greatly neglected under the erroneous idea that few species and few beds were concerned, many points of correlation must remain doubtful. Many non-sequences — lack of strata locally, owing to penecontemporaneous denudation — produce the result that correlation is a kind of Chinese puzzle, no one locality giving a full and true geological record. The classic locality of Portland might have been expected to supply useful evidence as regards the record ; but there have been no modem detailed investigation of its strata and no critical naming of its Ammonites. Interesting information was given to me by ^Ir. Sampson, the manager of the principal quarries, that the giant Ammonites are confined to the northern half of the island — suggesting penecontempo- raneous erosion towards the south, — and that, as the beds in the northern 30 TYPE AMMONITES—IV Feb. half, which ^delded. the giants, are nearly worked out, there is little chance of obtaining further specimens. The giants, sadly weatherworn, standing outside the office, seemed from casual examination to represent the genera Titanites, Briareiies, Gigantites, Trophonites and some forms not yet known in Buckingham- shire. Other forms, among them presumably Galbanites, were noted outside houses ; but no specimens comparable with the species obtained in Buckinghamshire from the Upper Witchett and the Old Osses Ed came under my observation. This suggests that in the Midlands there are preserved Portlandian (Gigantitan) strata of later date than those of Portland. The strata known as Kimmeridge Clay, or Kimmeridgian, with their contemporaneous deposits in other countries — White Jura and Tithonian, partly — present the puzzle in another form. The English Kimmeridgian Beds, excepting the subordinate series at the top — the Hartwell Clay, which " is some 30 feet thick at Bieiton, near Aylesbury, but has not yet been bottomed " (workman), appear to give, in spite of considerable local differences of thickness, a fairly uniform faunal sequence. More detailed analysis may cause this idea to be modified ; but at present the impression given is that such earth-movements as troubled the Kimmeridge Beds belonged to a series of wide-arched waves, each one raising or depressing England as a whole, but that such movements as disturbed the later beds, say, from Hartwell Clay onwards, took the form of narrow waves of local intensity, raising or depressing small areas of England. The puzzle in the case of the Kimmeridge Beds, therefore, is not, as in the case of the Portland Beds, the difficulty of correlating the strata of one parish with another ; it is concerned with a still harder task — the comparison of English strata with those of distant localities — ■ mainly, for instance, with Wurtemberg. Only occasionally do the Ammonite faunas of England and Wurtemberg correspond — generally there is a most marked difference between them. Two theories may be held, (i) in Kimmeridgian times England and \\'urtcmberg belonged to distinct zoological provinces, (2) that they belonged to the same province, but the faunal differences are the product of penecontempo- raneous erosions, affecting first the one area and then the other, more or less alternately. Against the first theory may be set the following argument : — The similarity in numbers of Ammonite species and specimens in England and Wurtemberg during most of the Ammonitoidic Period involves the conclusion that the two areas formed part of one province during such times. Erom the Caloceratan to early Zigzagiceratan and from Macro- cephalitan to early Cardioceratan the Ammonite features are similar. Erom Zigzagiceratan to Macrocephalitan they are different — there is poverty in the English area, due, possibly, to insufficient salinity of the sea rather than to any definite barrier. Erom Cardioceratan onwards each area is about equally rich in Ammonites ; but there is a marked difference in the species. At first sight, division into two provinces seems to be the explanation ; but sudden divorce, in the Cardioceratan Age, of such a long-standing partnership should not produce such differences : they are too great. The Ammonites left each side of the barrier parting the provinces should continue their respective develop- ments in the two areas, producing not forms which were identical, because the conditions would not be identical, but forms which were 1923 CHRONOLOGY 31 morphic equivalents : there should be a general parallelism of species with only an occasional foreign element. Just the reverse of this, however, is the case. The differences between the species are greater than should have been developed in isochronous strata of two provinces only lately separated. Therefore the conclusion is reached that homo- taxial strata of the two areas are not isochronous — the difference of species is chronological, not geographical. This is the idea of the second theory' — that the Ammonite-faunal differences between England and Wurtemberg during the Kimmeridgian are due to alternating pene- contemporaneous erosions in the two areas, the preservation in Wurtem- berg of strata which England has lost, and the preservation in England of strata which Wurtemberg has lost. It is in favour of this theory that it accounts for such phenomena of faunal dissimilarities in contiguous parishes where there can be no reason for supposing difference of province ; for quite small areas would be a mass of little provinces if barriers were erected for all faunal dissimilarities. The case of the Kimmeridgian strata of England and Wurtemberg differs only from that of the local Portlandian strata, to which the theory of denudation is especially applicable, by the greater distance involved ; yet prior to Cardioceratan such distance was not too great for faunal similarity. The hemeral sequence given in Table III, p. 33, is based, therefore, on the theory that great faunal dissimilarities are more likely to indicate difference of date than difference of province. Hence, homotaxial, but strongly anisidophorous strata are considered not to be synchronous. But to find the correct sequence is a difficulty. The more anisidophorous the strata, the greater the argument for their anisochronism, but the greater the difficulty of a true sequence. Therefore Table III must be regarded as an approximation — an outline scheme of dating to be utilized and amended : some of the evidence on which it is based will be given. The advance in the number of divisions in the Kimmeridge Beds within a few years is noteworth}-. In 1895 H. B. \\'oodward said : " There is no need in this country [England] to divide the Kimeridge Clay into more than two zones for general stratigraphical purposes, and these are intimately blended " (Jur. Rocks, \, 152 ; Mem. Geol. Surv.) ; but he parted these two zones into three sub-zones. In 1913 Dr. Salfeld (Tab. i, pp. 128-130) made ten zones for approximately the same strata, giving only one doubtful gap in the British sequence. Now, in 1923, a chronological sequence of over forty hemerje is proposed, \vith the suggestion that only a httle more than half of the deposits made during these hemerae have been preserved in Britain. The rest are supposed to have been more or less completely removed ; but exposure- failure, collection-failure and (faunal) preservation-failure may have exaggerated this supposed loss of deposits. When the possible thickness of Kimmeridgian deposits is taken into consideration, the demand for forty or more hemerse as the length of time in which they were laid down does hot seem so excessive. For instance, Choffat (Amm. Lusit. ; Mem. Trav. Geol. Port. 1893) gives for his Lusitanian (about Aulacosphinctean to Cardioceratan inclusive), an approximate thickness of 5,500 feet. He divides as follows : — 3. Assise d' Abadia . . . . about 2,400 feet 2. Calcaires de Montejunto ,, 1,500 ,, I. Calcaires de Cabago . . ,, 1,500 ,, The beds of Abadia and Montejunto are approximately equivalent to 32 TYPE AMMONITES— IV Feb. the Kimmeridgian, beginning a little earlier (about middle of Peri- sphinctean), but ending sooner, probably not so late as Aulacosphinctcan. Their approximate thickness of 4,000 feet is a scale by which to measure the time taken to deposit the Kimmeridgian Beds. Yet this may not be the fullest thickness laid down during the Ages involved — that can only be ascertained when maxima are known for the deposits of each hemera. Whether there are too many or even, possibly, too few hemerae in Table III will depend very much on methods of individual work influ- encing individual opinion. For if fauna a be taken as a faunal index, and then, because fauna b be found with fauna a at a certain place, the assumption is made that fauna b is equally good as evidence for hemera a, and further, if the same honour be claimed for c because that is found occurring with b, it may happen that the assumptions of such an investi- gator become altogether erroneous. He thinks that he is proceeding horizontally, while all the time he is moving up an inclined plane. Such a deception may be the more easy because the lithic facies can also be moving up an inchned plane (S. Buckman, Jur. Chron. 11, O.J.G.S. LXXVIII, 414). Faunal analyses should be one method of detecting such deceptions. Authors would greatly facihtate the collection of data necessary for faunal analyses and for proving or disproving hemeral sequences, by summarizing and especially by clearly tabulating their results. To read through pages of a paper in one's own language in search of details which could and should be collected and tabulated in one page is no light task : added to it is the risk of mistaking the author's meaning. To do the same even in a familiar foreign language is a matter of greater difficulty and greater risk. To accomplish it in the case of an unfamiliar language means the employment of an interpreter familiar not only with the language, but with its special scientific phraseology. Properly-presented Tables ought, whatever language their author uses, to give their salient features to any reader, whatever his nationality. The greater the classical basis and the less the national basis of the language employed in the Tables, the more universal would be their appeal. Scientific jargon could be so presented that the less intelhgible it were to the layman of the author's nationality, the more intelligible would it be to the scientific reader of any nationality. The world is not yet settled enough for this — the nationality instinct is still too strong ; but for technical tables there is much which could be said in its favour. At any rate, whether in technical language or otherwise, tables of results should be given : they should be clear and they should be uniform. Sections or sequences should not be, in the same page, or even in the same paper, first in ascending and then in descending order. One or other order should be chosen for the paper and adhered to. My prefer- ence is for descending order, so that the printed page and the quarry-face correspond. 1923 CHRONOLOGY 33 TABLE III — JURASSIC CHRONOLOGY (Hemerse) ViRGATAL and Planulatal Epochs (pars) (Kimmeridgian) H.S., H. Salfeld ; J.P., J. Pringle ; A.M.D.. A. Morley Davies Ages Hemerce Pseiidovirgatitan 3. " pallasianus 2. " lomottossovi I. scriiposiis Strata 1. Hartwell Clay, Ayles- bun% Bucks 2. Crendon Clay, Bucks 3. Kimmeridge, Dorset, Oil Shales (J.P.) Aulacosphinctean 2. Aulacosphinctes 4. Chawley Beds, Berks I. " dorsoplaniis " 5. Shotover Xodule Bed, Oxon Mazapilitan 2. Mazapilites b I. Mazapilites a Gravesian 7. irtKS 6. gravesian a 5. steraspis 4. hyhonota 3. heckeri 6. Symon Beds, Mexico 7. Symon Beds 8. Hen CUft" Beds. Kimmeridge, Dorset 9. Hen Cliff Beds 10. Solenhofen Beds, Bavaria 11. Solenhofen Beds 12. Solenhofen Beds 2. politus (H.S.) 13. Wurtemberg, W.J. t I. hiplex siliceus 14. Wurtemberg, W.J. e (H.S.) Physodoceratan II. longispinnm 15. Weymouth, Dorset, Pudding Stones Some equivalents Swindon, " Portland Sands " ? Russia, Vir- gatites Beds ? Warren Farm, Stewklev, Bucks (A.M.D.); Ring- stead 31 (H.S.) ; Mo- ra\"ia, Ignaziberg Tiddington, Oxon ; Stramberg Beds ; India, Chidamu Beds and Oomia group ; Mexico, Portl. inf. Swndon, Wilts, Turner's Brickyard, upper clays (J.P.) ; Russia, Lower \'olgian (pars) ? Upper Mazapilites Beds, Mexico Lower Mazapilites Beds Boulogne, Portl. c ; Wur- temberg, White Jura f Boulogne, Portl. d \\'urtemberg, W. J. ( Upper Crusol Beds (H.S.) Upper Crusol Beds (Fon- tannes) ; Middle Crusol Beds (H.S.) ; Transyl- vania Nattheim Beds {A. poli- tnlus, Ouenstedt ?) Xattheim Beds {A. plan- iilatus siliceus, Ouen.?); Transylvania Ringstead Bav 30 ; Swin- don (H.S.)'; Tidding- ton, Stewkley, Ely, etc. Aptychus ; Boulogne, Kim. a ; \\'urtemberg, W.J. f ; Italy, Mount 34 TYPE AMMONITES~IV Feb. Ages HemercB 10. pseudomi'.t- ahilis Strata i6. Weymouth, Pudding Stones 9. ernesti 8. yo 7. contejani 6. acanthiciim 5. haldenim 4. agrigentinits 3. tenuilohatus 2. orthocera I. lalleriannm Kiisenian 15. mceschi 14. mittahilis 13. desmonotus 12. poly plo CHS II. platynota 10. planuliim 9. Amoeboceras (spinous) 8. Amceboceras cf. kitchini 7. stephanoides 17. Wurtemberg, W.J. 8 18. Filey Beds, Yorks, Aulacostephanus vo ? (H.S.) 19. Wurtemberg, W.J. y-fi 20. Boulogne, Kim. c 21. Wurtemberg, W.J. y-S 22. Wurtemberg, W.J. y 23. Wurtemberg, W. J. upper y 24. Boulogne, Kim. d 25. Boulogne, Kim. e 26. Boulogne, Kim. f 27. Ringstead, 28 28. Gillingham (Dorset) upper clays (J. P.) 29. Wurtemberg W.J., lower y 30. Wurtemberg W.J. i3-y 31. Wurtemberg, W.J., upper /3 Ethie Beds, Scotland 32 33 34 Wester Garty, Boulder Bed, with Brachiopods Brill clavs, Bucks Some equivalents Serra Beds ; Upper Crusol Beds (H.S.) ; India, Oomia Beds Ringstead 30 (pars) ; Swindon (H.S.); Stewk- ley, eudoxus (J. P.) ; Scotland, Loth {eud- oxus) ; Boulogne, Kim. a ; Middle Crusol Beds (H.S.) ; Wurtemberg, W.J.8; Russia Switzerland, Baden Beds; Italy, Mt. Serra Beds ; Middle Crusol Beds Boulogne, Kim. b Switzerland ; Portugal, Marnes d'Abadia ; Russia ; Mexico, San Pedro ; India, Katrol group Mexico, San Pedro Sicily ; Switzerland ; Portugal, Marnes d' Abadia ; Mexico, San Pedro Switzerland, Baden Beds; Crusol ; Russia ; Mexi- co, San Pedro Sandsfoot24(H.S.), Shot- over (H.S.) ; Scotland, Ethie, (Cromarty) Ely Brickyard, lowest beds (J. P.) Kentish Borings, (J. P.) ; Wur- temberg, W.J. y Switzerland, Baden Beds (Scotland, Kintradwell, Brora ?) Scotland, S.W. of Port- gower Gillingham, Dorset, lower clays (J. P.) ; Kentish J923 CHROXOLOGY 35 Ages HemercB 6. cymodoce Strata 5. u rale n sis 35. Market Rasen Beds 36. Ringstead 25 4. Amoeboceras 37. Loth Beds, Sutherland cf. crickijovale 3. circumplicatus 38. Allt na Cuille, Suther- land, Rhynchonella sandstones 2. RasenicB I. &rt3'/t:/ Prionodocerat an 4. super stes 39. Allt na Cuille CUff Beds, sandstones 40. \\'otton Basset Beds, Wilts 41. Brill Serpulite Bed, Bucks 3. prionodes 42. Ickford Clays 2. dichotomum 43. Shotover Clay, Dichoto- nwceras dichotomum, T.A. CXXXIX 1. Dichotomoceras 44. X. Ferriby, boring sp. Ringsteadian 3. marstonensis 45. Sandsfoot 17 (younger than Ringstead 17, H.S.) 2. brandesi 46. Ringstead 17 I. pseudocordatus 47. W'estbury, \Mlts, Iron- ore 5owt; equivalents Borings (J. P.) ; Scot- land, Loth, Wester Garty, Kintradwell; Portugal, Couches de Montejunto Dorset, Abbotsbury Iron- ore ; Ringstead 27 ; Scotland, Ethie, Kin- tradwell ; Boulogne, Kim. g ; Havre Sandsfoot 22, up. p. (H.S.) Abbotsbury Iron- ore (H.S.) ; Scotland, Portgower, Xavidale, Helmsdale ; Russia Sandsfoot 22, lower part (H.S.) ; Kintradwell Abbotsbur}' Iron-ore, lower beds ; Scotland, Loth Point, Loth (in clavs) ; Wurtemberg, W.J. ^ Ringstead 19 ; Swindon (H.S.) ; Scotland, Allt na Cuille Chff Beds ; Port an Righ ; France, Havre Ickford, Bucks, Serpuhte Bed ; Minet\-, Wihs ; Scotland, Port an Righ England, Midlands, in boulder claj', derived ; Swindon, Telford Road clay-pit (H.S.); Yorks, X. Ferriby, boring ; Scotland, Port an Righ Yorkshire, X. Ferriby, boring ; Scotland, Port an Righ Marston (Swindon), iron- shot, and \\'otton Bas- set (H.S.-Monogr.) Wotton Basset, S\\'indon, Hildesheim and Wur- temberg, ^ (H.S.) Osmington and \\'ey- mouth (H.S.) 36 - TYPE AMMONITES— IV Feb. 1923 Some of the evidence for Table III is given in the following sequences : Sequen'ce IV — England, Midlands Bucks, Oxon, Berks, presumed sequence — some gaps due to exposure-failure. Brickyards were closed during the war, some have been abandoned and others not re-opened yet. Therefore investigation has been difficult. Correlation Pseudovirgatitan " pallasianits " " lomoiiossovi scruposus ? [Pseudovirgatites) Strata 1. Hart well Clay " Olcostephanus pallasianus " 2. Crendon Clay " Olcostephanus lomonossovi " 3. Warren Farm Clay Orbiculoidea latissima (A.M.D. Aulacosphinctcan " Aiilacosphinctes " 4. Chawley Beds " Aitlacosphindes " ? dorsoplanits " Physodoceratan longispinum (Physodoceras) 5. Shotover Nodule Band " Perisphindes dorsoplanus " b. Tiddington, Oxon, Clays Aptychiis pseudomutahilis ? 7. W'heatley Shales [Anlacostephaiiii s) Exogyra virgula pseudomutahilis 8. Stewkley Clays {Aidac. eudoxiis) Am. eudoxus (J. P.) Rascnian mutahilis 9. Shotover, Oxon, clay with Rasenia mutabilis stephanoides 10. Rid's Hill Clays, Rasenia stephanoides Localities Hartwell and Bierton, Aylesbury, Bucks, brickyards ; Culham, Oxfordshire Long Crendon, Bucks, foot of Barrel Hill. Hartwell, in part Old clay pits near Warren Farm, Stewk- ley, Bucks Chawley, Berks, upper beds ; Tiddington, Oxon, some 20 feet, crushed fine - ribbed Amm. Shotover, Oxford, Stone Band ; Wheatley, Oxon, Big Stones ; Tiddington Station, Oxon, well, about 25 feet down Tiddington Village, well- sinking, clay about 20 feet down ; Brill Com- mon ; Stewkley, clay pits in work : all with Aptychiis Wheatley, Oxon, oil- shales ; clays north and south of Brill Hill, Bucks ; Rid's HiU, brickyard, E. of Brill, Bucks, (A.M.D. 1907) Clay pits in work near Stewkley, Bucks Reported H. Salfeld, (Ob. Jura ; N. Jahrb. Min., Beil.-Bd. XXXVII, Tab. I.) Rid's Hill, brickyard -St- TYPE AMMONITES BY S. S. BUCKMAN, f.g.s. The illustrations from photographs by J. W. TUTCHER and The Author Part XXXIX Pages 37-44 ; 20 Plates Published by the Author Sold by WHELDOX & WESLEY, Ltd. 2, 3 & 4, ARTHUR STREET, NEW OXFORD STREET LONDON, VV.C. 2 March, 1923 CONTENTS Part XXXIX Text : — Chronology Illustrations : — 364. Ammonites silphouensis (Aspidoceras silphouense) 375- 376- 377- 378. 379- 380. 381. 382. 383- 384. 385- 386. 387- 388. 389- 390- 391- Cardioceras cordatum (Miticardioceras mite) Morphoceras polymorphum (Patemorphoccras macrescens) Morphoceras dimorphum (Dimorphinites dimoiphus) Macrocephahtes morrisi (Morrisites fornicatus) Proplanuhtes koenigi (Proplanuhtes excentricus) Ammonites gohathus (Goliatliiceras microtrypa) Ammonites pectinatus (Pectinatites aulacophorus) Perisphinctes pallasianus (Paravirgatites desideratus) Perisphinctes rotundus (Wheatleyites opulentus) Perisphinctes rotundus (Wheatleyites reductus) Ammonites pseudogigas (Trophonites pseudogigas) Perisphinctes moorei (Phanerosphinctes costulatosus) Sonninia arenata (Fissilobiceras phlyctaenodes) Ammonites concavus (Graphoceras scriptitatum) . . Ammonites stutchburii (Zugokosmokeras zugium) Psiloceras planorbis (Psiloceras aequabile) Ammonites cornucopia (Thysanoceras cornucopia) Pages • •• 37—44 Plates CCCLXIV B CCCLXXV CCCLXXVI . CCCLXXVII . CCCLXXVI 1 1 CCCLXXIX CCCLXXX CCCLXXXI . CCCLXXXII . CCCLXXXIIIa, b . GCCLXXXIV . CCCLXXXVa, b CCCLXXXVI CCCLXXXVII CCCLXXXVIII . CCCLXXXIX . . . CCCXC . . . CCCXCI A CHELTENHAM NORMAN, SAWYER AND CO. LTD., PRINTERS ST. George's hall 1923 CHRONOLOGY i7 Mar. Sequenxe IV (continued) Correlation Strata Localities bay lei ? II.* Woodside Clays, Rids Hill, brickyard. (Pidonia) Rhynchonella (near Woodside Sta inconstans tion) ; Shotover Hill, Oxon Prionodoceratan superstes 12. Brill Serpulite Bed Serpulite and Lamelli- branch Bed, Rid's Hill, brickyard, .-1 ;;/. cf . superstes ; Ickford, Bucks, excavations at new houses Prionodoceras 13. Ickford Clays, Ickford, Bucks, well- Prionodoceras sinking at new houses dichotomum 14. *Shotover Clays Shotover Hill, Dichoto- nwceras dichotomum, T.A., PL C XXXIX Ringsteadian pseudocordatus ? cf. Iron-ore of \\'estbur\' Sandford Iron Bed " Bright red earthy layer — junction of Kim. Clay with Coral- lian. Rh. inconstans ' At Sandford 'S. of Ox- ford] — H. B. Wood- ward (Jur. Rocks, \, 167), citing E. S. Cobbold Correlation Para\irgatitan Wheatleyites Unknown Sequence X — Wheatley, Oxfordshire Strata NMieatley Sands (Signs of erosion and non-sequence) I. Mild Clay i, 2. Remarks Aulacosphinctean Aulacosph inctes dorsoplanus Physodoceratan pseudomutahilis ? 2. Strong Clay, blue 3. Big Stones. The nodule A band. ^lany Amm., fine ribbed = Aiilaco- sphinctes ?, heavy ribbed, cf. Per. dorso- planus 4. Shale, " will overheat the kiln." (Oil shales, dark shales). Exogyra virgula 2. Xo signs of any Hartwell (Crendon) fauna seen. Xothing of that sort saved by workmen condensed deposit. The part with tine- ribbed Amm. thickens to some 20-25 fee^ 3-^ Tiddington, 4 miles to the east For the downward continuation from the base of Exogyra virgula beds, se'e Dr. A. Morley Davies, Kim. Clay, Brill ; O.J.G.S. LXIII, 1907, 29. The abundant LameUibranch in the Serpuhte Bed (Seq. IV, 12) is, he says, Cyprina 38 TYPE AMMONITES— IV Mar. Correlation Pseudovirgatitan "pallasianiis" scruposiis Sequence VI — Kimmeridge, Dorset (Salfeld, p. 206) Strata Fauna 1. \Miite Septarian Band Gruppe des Per. pallasi- aniis 2. Clay above Oil Shales 3. Oil Shales Gravesian irius gravesiana Physodoceratan longispiniini pseudomutabilis 4. Top Ledge 5. Clay 6. Cattle Ledge 7. Clay 8. Yellow Ledge 9. Clay [Hen Cliff Beds] 10. Maple Ledge 11. Clays, [Gaulter's Gap Beds] [" Pseudovirgatites scru- posiis" (J.P.)] Gravesia irius, G. gravesi A ulacostephanns eiidoxiis, A. pseudoniutahilis, Asp. longispinum, (but not .1. acanthicum nor A. caletanurn), Cardioc. anglicum, C. krausei Sequence MI — Ringstead Bay, Dorset (Salfeld, p. 204) Correlation Strata Fauna JT St,UU.U VilgclLlLail scruposiis 31- Oil Shales Discina latissinia J. iiybou-oeeiaLaii pseudoniutahilis 30. Clay A ulacostephanns eudoxus, A . pseudomutabilis, Cardioceras anglicum 29. Limestone Trigonia voltzi Rasenian miitahilis 28. Clay Rasenia mutabilis, Exo- gyra virgiila kitchini ? 27. Clay Cardioceras kitchini, C. cricki ; Rasenias of the cymodoce groups of R. cymodoce iiralensis and R. uralensis 26. Clay uralensis ? 25- Marly Clay Cardioceras kitchini, Ras- cricki ? enia uralensis 24. Two red calcareous bands 23- Clay 22. Clay Ostrea deltoid ea 21. Clay 20. Clay Ostrea deltoidea baylei 19. Sandy clay Pictonia baylei, P. nor mandiana 18. Clay Exogyra nana 1923 CHRONOLOGY 39 Sequence VII (continued) Correlation Ringsteadian hrandesi psetidocordatus Strata 17. Sandy clay 16. Ironshot Oolite 15. Clay 14. Clay 13. Red, sandy limestone Fauna Rhynchonclla inconstans, Ringsteadia pseitdocor- datiis, R. hrandesi etc. R. pseiido-cordatiis R. pseiido-cordatits Seouenxe VIII— North Ferriby East Yorkshire, a boring. Specimens submitted by Geological Survey of England Correlation Strata Prionodoceratan superstes ? prionodes dichotomum 1. At 23 to 26 feet down 2. At 30-35 feet Dichotomoceras sp. 3. At 50 feet Uncertain Uncertain 4. At 60 feet 5. At 120 to 130 feet Fauna " Amoebocerates " and Prionodoceras Dichotomoceras dichoto- mum Dichotomoceras sp. stouter than D. dicho- tomum " Amoeboceras " sp. with tine ribs and interca- lated secondar\- ribs "Amoeboceras " One important point here is the position of Dichotomoceras not far below Prionodoceras, a position confirmed in Scotland (see Seq. X). The other important point is the repetition of " Amoeboceras " forms. The earliest forms, some 100 feet below Dichotomoceras, seem to be too far dovm to be later than Ringsteadian ; but they were not satis- factorily identifiable with the true Amoebocerates of the WTiite Jura a (Perisphinctean). Much time, however, will be required before all the varied Amoebocerate forms can be worked out — there is too much else claiming attention. A boring in Norfolk gave evidence of Ammonites superstes, Phillips, below Rasenia stephanoides. This Ammonite is an Amoebocerate. The Norfolk boring, therefore, takes the Yorkshire succession further up, but see Scottish evidence, Seq. X. 40 TYPE AMMONITES—IV Mar. Sequence IX — Scotland, East Coast (Upper and Middle Oolites) Counties of Sutherland and Ross and Cromarty — ■ generalized sequence. The succession is surmised in certain cases ; in others it may be known from the relative geographical positions of the strata — much information kindly given by Dr. G. W. Lee (G.W.L.). Specimens were submitted by the Geological Survey of Scotland. Only the sequence down to No. 14 is connected with Table III : the remainder will be required later. Correlation with England Kimmeridge Bay, Gaulter's Gap Beds Ringstead Bay 28 Brill Clay Market Rasen Ringstead 25 ; Abbotsbury Iron- ore Abbotsbury Iron-ore, lower bed (in part) Wootton Bassett Beds Strata and Localities 1. Golf Links, Loth Railway Station 2. Ethie Beds 3. Ethie Beds ; Wester Garty ; Kintradwell ; Loth River Shales 4. Ethie Beds 5. Boulder Bed {Rh. suther- landi Bed), Wester Garty and Portgower 6. Loth River Shales ; Wester Garty ; Kin- tradwell 7. Ethie and Kintradwell Beds 8. Portgower, Navidale, Helmsdale 9. Loth River Shales ; Kintradwell 10. Loth Point Bed, clays 11. Allt na Cuille Sandstones 12. 13- Brill Serpulite Bed Ickford Clays Shotover Clay North Ferriby Boring, lowest bed Headington Beds (Corallian Lime- stones) Lower Calcareous Grit (Up. part), S. Engl., Mid.Calc.Ci., Yorks 14. Allt na Cuille Sandstones Allt na Cuille Sandstones; Port an Righ Nodular Beds Port an Righ Nodular Beds 15. Port an Righ Sandstones 16. Port an Righ Iron- stones Fauna Aulacostephanus cf. eudoxus Rasenia cf. mutahilis Rasenia cf. striolaris Amoeboceras sp. (spinous) Amoeboceras cf. kitchini etc. Rhynchonella sutherlandi, Terebratula joassi Rasenia cf. stephanoides Rasenia cf. cymodoce Rasenia cf. nralensis Amoeboceras cf. cricki/ ovale Rasenia cf. A. circum- plicatus, Quenstedt Rasenia cf. A. circumpli- catus. Many incon- stantiform Rhynchon- ellids, cf. R. corallina, Haas Rasenia spp. Pictonia Am. superstes Prionodoceras Dichotomoceras " Amoeboceras " Perisphinctes cf. wartce, P. cf. biplex Kranaosphinctes, Cardi- oceras, Goliathiceras etc. 1923 CHROXOLOGY 41 Correlation Lower Calc. Grit, York- shire (in part). Upper part of Oxford Clay, Yorkshire Cf. We^Tnouth Cla\s with kidney-stones, 250 feet thick (H. B. Woodward jur. Rocks y, 1895. 15) Studley Beds, Up. Oxford Clay, Oxfordshire Horton Beds, Oxfordshire Kelloway Rock, York- shire, upper part Tidemoor Point Beds, WejTnouth Kelloway Rock, York- shire, middle part Christian Malford Beds, Wilts, and Calvert Beds, Bucks Trowbridge Beds ? Kellaways Clay (a), Wiltshire Sequence IX (continued) Strata 17. ChTieleish Yellow Beds ; Ardassie Limestone, top part 18. Ardassie Limestone, lower part, (Ardassie Limestone, over 20 feet thick, G.W.L.) ig. Brora Sandstone, 180 feet, G.W.L. 20. L'ppat Sandstones (over- laid by sandstone, and not far above Fascallv Clay, G.W.L.) 21. Port an Righ Shales 22. Port an Righ Limestones 2^. ChTieleish White Bed, 20 feet thick, G.W.L. 24. Port an Righ Calcareous Sandstone ; Fascally Sandstones 25. Fascally Sandstones, lowest part 26. Port an Righ Shales and Doggers ; Fascally Shales, (Brickvard Beds) 27. Lower Brora, Upper Clays 28. Lower Brora, Lower Clays 29. Roof Bed Faiom RhyncJionelloidea thur- manni, Korythoceras ? Cardioceras" spp. (binodulates); Klemato- sphi fides Cardioc^ras " cf. tenui- cosiatiim, " C." cf. excavatum (thin) Pteria hraamburiensis (G.W.L.) Card." cf. Damon, i, cordatnm, CXCIV, 2, poor vertebrale 2 ; -C" cf. d'Orbigny, ^. Fossils Card, scarburgense, C. cf. cardia. C. cf. tenui- costatu m C. scarburgense, C. cf. cardia A sp idoceras sil phone nse, CCCLXn'A ; Siither- landiceras, CCCXX ; Eboraciceras Bourkelamberiiceras cf. lamberii, etc. Peltoceras cf. subtense Kosmoceras " cf. stidch- burii, " K." cf. eliza- bethcB, etc. Zugokos- mokeras zugium, T.A., PI. CCCLXXXIX '•■ Kosmoceras " cf. jason " Kosmoceras " cf. e no- datum Proplanulites, Gower- iceras The strata in Sutherland — Xos. 17-20, 23-2S — are some 560 feet in thickness (G.W.L.), not counting 20, the L'ppat Sandstones, which are of unknown extent. Thus the strata 24, Fascallv Sandstones, to 28, Roof Bed, are about 340 feet thick. An interesting point is the considerable thickness developed in beds which mav be said to hover on the Corallian-Oxford Clay border-line — Beds 17 to 2;^ : thev mav possibly represent deposition to a thickness of over 500 feet, and vet 42 TYPE AMMONITES— IV Mar. there are many non-sequences. So that a time-interval of over 500 to perhaps 1,000 feet of deposit may really separate certain Coralhan- Oxfordian beds which, in places, are almost or even quite in contact. Evidence in regard to Nos. 1-14 is given in Seqq. X — XV following. Sequence X — Port an Righ, Scotland Port an Righ, Balintore, Ross. Specimens found loose on shore Correlation Rasenian bay lei Prionodoceratan prionodes dichotomum Cf. Seq. VIII, 5 Strata Round nodules Eauna Pidonia cf. parva, Torn- quist Prionodoceras aff. serra- tiim and several other spp. Dichotomoceras aff. dicho- tomum Amoebocerates compar- able with earliest N. Ferriby specimens The point here is the association of Prionodoceras and Pidonia with the confirmation given to Sequence \TII in regard to Dichotomoceras. That genus cannot, as I supposed, belong to the Perisphinctean (Argovian), PI. CXXXIX ; its locality was correctly given as Oxford, that is, Shotover ; and it is not a species of the Ampthill Clay, like as it is to several of them. According to the evidence of this Scottish locality, Dichotomoceras, Prionodoceras and Pidonia are associated : according to Seq. ^TII, p. 39, Dichotomoceras is a few feet lower than Prionodoceras. Sequence XI — Wester Gartv, Scotland Correlation Strata and Localities Eauna Doubtful Rasenian kitchini stephanoides desmonotiis ? kitchini 1. Calcareous Sandstone — Shore 560 yards N.E. of Sron Rudha na Gaoithe, Wester Garty, Helmsdale 2. Shales [and sandstone] — • Sliore 600 yards N.E. etc. 3. Shales — Shore 1,130 yards N.E. etc. 4. Calcareous Sandstone — Shore 1246 yards N.E. etc. [A repetition of No. I ?1 Physodoceras cf. nni- spinosus ; Rhynchonella stitherlandi, Terehratitla joassi Amoeboceras cf. kitchini; Amoeb. cf. pingue [in sandstone] Amoeb. cf. kitchini ; Rasenia cf. stephan- oides Rasenia cf. striolaris ; Rh. sutherlandi, A moeb. cf. kitchini 1923 CHROXOLOGY 43 Correlation Rasenian kitchini kitichini nrcdensis SeQUENXE XII — PORTGOWER, SCOTLAND Strata and Localities Fauna Calcareous Sandstone in " Boulder Bed " — Shore J-mile S.W. of Portgovver, Helmsdale Calcareous sandstone in " Boulder Bed " — Shore 710 yards S.W. of Portgower Loose blocks of calcareous sandstone — Shore 250 yards S.W. of Portgower Rhvnch. siithcrlandi Tcrchratula joassi ; Amoeb. cf. kitchini Amoeb. cf. kitchini; Rascnia cf. uralensis (large fragment) Correlation Rasenian cymodoce ? uralensis uralensis Sequence XIII — Helmsdale, Scotland Strata and Localities Fauna Shales and thin Rasenia cf. bifiircata, calcareous sandstones — Ouenstedt sp. Shore 350-400 yds. N. of houses at Old Dis- tiller\', Helmsdale Shales and " boulder bed "■ — Shore 300 yds X. of houses, etc. Shales and thin calcareous bands — Xear Xavidale House, Helmsdale Rascnia cf. uralensis Rasenia cf. uralensis Correlation Physodoceratan pseudomutabilis Rasenian desmonotus ? kitchini stephanoides cricki circumplicatus Sequence XI\' — Loth, Sutherland Strata and Localities 1. Golf Links, near Loth Railway Station 2. Loth River Shales — Chfts in X. bank of Loth River, where railway is bridged over stream, Loth, 4^-m. X.E. of Brora, Suther- land. Specimens mostly crushed 3. Xodule in clay. Loth Point, Loth Fauna . 1 idacostephanus cf . eudoxus Rasenia striolaris Amoeboceras cf. kitchini Rase n ia stepha no ides A moeboceras cricki/ovale Rasenia cf. circumpli- catus, Quenstedt sp. 44 T YPE A MMOXI I 'ES—1 V Mar. 1923 Sequence XV- — Allt na Cuille, Sutherland Allt na Cuille Sandstones, Lothbeg, Brora. Ammonites as fragmentary casts of body-chambers Correlation Rasenian circuniplicatus RasenicB bay lei Localities I. Old quarry, 250 yards up from railway 2. At cliff where railway crosses fauna Many inconstantiform Rhynchonellids, cf. R. corallina, Haas ; Rasenia cf. A. circum- plicatus, Quen. ; Amoe- bocerate ? Inconstantiform Rh. ; Rasenice spp. with- out ventral break ; Pictonia Sequence XVI — Boulogne-sur-Mer (Salfeld, p. 222) Correlation Strata Pseudovirgatitan " pallasianus " 2. Portlandien a. [4], 45 feet. h. [I], 21 ft. " lomonossovi " [2], 15 ft. scruposus c. 30 ft. Gravesian irius gravesiana d. Gres et Sables dc la Creche, 42 ft. Physodoceratan longispinum 3. Kimmeridgien a. Marnes a Chatillon, pseudomutabilis 72 ft. yo b. Gres de Chatillon, 20 ft. acanthiciim c. Calcaires du Moulin Wibert, 63 ft. orthocera d. Marnes du Mouhn Wibert, 84 ft. lallerianum c. Calcaires de Brec- Rasenian quereque, 21 ft. mceschi /. Gres de Ques- cyniodoce Ringsteadian brandesi treques, i foot g. Calcaires, 12 ft. 4. Sequanien a. Oolithe de Hesdin Fauna I'Abbe, 30 ft. Perispliinctcs der Gruppe des Amm. pallasianus Virgatites quenstedti Per. boidini, P. devillei, P. cf. pallajsiamts, P. laumonossovi Discina latissima, Gravesia portlandica, G. irius, Per. bleicheri G. gravesi, Per. bleicheri Exogyra virgula ; Aspi- doceras longispinum ; Aulacostephanus pseu- domutabilis, A. eudoxus Alii a c. yo Exogyra virgula ; Aulac. yo, Aspid. acanthicum; Cardioceras beaugrandi Exogyra virgula, Asp. orthocera Asp. orthocera, A. lalleri- anum, Rasenia erinus Rasenia moeschi, R. cynio- doce R. cyniodoce Ringsteadia brandesi TYPE AMMONITES S. S. BUCKMAN. f.g.s. The illustrations from photographs by J. \V. TUTCHER and The Author Part XL 20 Plates Published by the Author Sold by WHELDOX & WESLEY, Ltd. 2, 3 & 4, ARTHUR STREET, NEW OXFORD STREET LONDON, W.C. 2 June, 1923 CONTENTS Part XL Illustrations : — Plates 131. Ammonites bisiilcata (Ammonites bucklandi) CXXXIa 267. Hildoceras serpentinus (Hildaites serpentiniformis) . . . . CCLXMl B 391. Lytoceras sublineatum (Thysanoceras eornucopia) CCCXCI b, c 392. Ammonites bisulcata (Paltopletiroceras bisulcatum) . . . . CCCXCI I 393. Planulites sulcata (Planulites sulcatus) CCCXCIII 394. Phlyseogrammoceras dispansum (Phlyseogrammoceras electum) .. CCCXCIV 3()5. Schlotheimia angulata (Schlothcimia princeps) CCCXCV 396. Pcecilomorplms infemensis (Euaptetoceras infernense) CCCXCVI 397. Poecilomorplms infernensis (Eudmetoceras prosphues) .. .. CCCXC\TI 398. Ammonites pinguis (Stiphromorphites nodatipinguis) CCCXCVIII 399. Sonninia zurcheri (Pelekodites pelekus) CCCXCIX 400. Lissoceras oolithicum (Lissoceras semicostulaium) CD 401. Perisphinctes gorei (Crendonites leptolobatus) CDI 402. x^mmonites bi])lex (Simotoichites simus) CDll a 402. Ammonites virgatus Simotoichites simus CDII b 403. Ammonites boloniensis (Glottoptychinites glottodes) .. .. CDlll 404. Ammonites gowerianus (Gowericeras childanum) CD1\' 405. Ouenstcdticeras suthei"landi;e (Eboraciceras cadiformej CD\' 40O. Ammonites modiolaris (Cadoceras tolype) CDM CHELTENHAM NORM/^N, SAWYER AND CO. LTD., PRINTERS ST. George's hall / a, TYPE AMMONITES BY S. S. BUCKMAN, f.g.s. The illustrations from photographs by J. W. TUTCHER and The Author Part XLI Pages 1-4, 45-68; 16 Plates Published bv the Author Sold by WHELDOX & WESLPLV. Ltd. 2, 3 & 4, ARTHUR STREET, NEW OXFORD STREET LONDON, W.C. 2 August, 1 92 J CONTENTS Part XLI 1 ext : — Page TiUc PdgL, lLl. Chronology ^.5 Systematic 54 Acknowledgment 57 Addenda, Corrigenda 58 Publication Details 5g Index 60 Illustrations : — 407. Ammonites jamesoni angusta (Jamesonites reticulatus) CDVII 408. Ammonites hawskerensis (Paltopleuroceras hawskerense) . . . , CD VI 1 1 409. Ammonites murchisonae (Manselia austera) CDIX 410. Ammonites laeviusculus (Witchellia patefactor) CDX 411. Ammonites adicrus (Sherbornites projectifer) CDXI 412. Ammonites corrugatus (Sonninia corrugata) CDXI I 413. Dactylioceras crassum (Catacoeloceras confectum) .. .. CDXIII 414. Ammonites polymerus (Emileia catamorpha) CDXIV 415. Sphgeroceras wrighti (Chondroceras wrighti) CDXV 416. Ammonites procerus (Procerites tmetolobus) CDXVI 417. Ammonites gulielmi (Catasigaloceras planicerclusj . . CDXVII 418. Ammonites jason (Gulielmites conlaxatum; CDXVIII 419. Cosmoceras jason (Zugokosmokeras interpositum) . . CDXIX 420. Cardioceras cordatum (Anacardioceras cordatiforme) .. CDXX 421. Ammonites serratus (Prionodoceras ogivale) CDXXI 422. Ammonites superstes (Prionodoceras superstes) CDXXIl CHELTENHAM NORMAN, SAWVER AND CO. LTD., PRINTERS ST. George's hall 1923 Aug. CHRONOLOGY Sequence XMI — Wurtemberg (Salfeld, Tab. II etc.) 45 Correlation strata Fauna Gravesian irius White Jura C Gravesia zieteni ; Oppelia steraspis steraspis politus W.J. € Am. politus. biplex siliceus Am. biplex siliceus Physodoceratan pseudomutahilis W.J. i Aulacostephanus pseudo- mutabilis contejeani W. J. y-a Aul. of. contejani ; balder urn Idoceras balderum tentnlobata W. J., upper y Oppelia [Streblites] tenui- lobata Rasenian polyplocus W. J. lower y Perisphindes polyplocus platynota W. J. ^— y Sutneria platynota planula W. J.. upper a Idoceras planula Ringsteadian brandesi W.J. .1 Ringsteadia bratidesi Perisphinctean W.J. 3 Perisphindes achilles ■ W.J. 3 Peltoceras bitnammatum W. J., upper a Impressa-cldiy W.J. a Transversarius-heds Sequence X\T;II — Mexico (Burckhardt, Bol. Inst. Geol. Mexico, 23, 1906 ; 29, 1912 ; 33, 1919) Correlation Strata Fauna ? Upper Portlandian Proniceras Aulacosphinctean 2 Lower Portlandian A ulacosphindes, Virgatites Mazapilitan 2 Base of Portlandian, Mazapilites, Upper beds Aspidoceras I Base of Portlandian, Mazapilites, Lower beds Waagenia Gravesian 4 Argiles a Waagenia Waagenia, Top of Kimmeridgian Aspidoceras ? Couches a Hapl. fialar Haploceras fialar. Upper Kimmeridgian Oppelia cfr. trachynota Physodoceratan 11 ? Banc a Aucella pallasi Aspidoceras cfr. inflatum binodum, Quenstedt ? Couches a Idoceras, Neumayria, Physodoceratan 10 ? Upper /lower Kim- A ulacostephanus. 6 meridgian Aspidoceras cfr. acanthicum, 5 Idoceras, 4 Xebrodites, 3 Streblites 46 TYPE AMMONITES— IV Aug. The following Sequence (XIX) of Scottish rocks is taken, with abridgements, from the first of the masterly papers by J. W. Judd on the Secondary Rocks of Scotland (Q.J.G.S., XXXI, 1873, 97-195). The sequence is that of his Tab. II ; but for the correlation with the Sequence already given (Seq. IX, p. 40) the fuller details of his Tab. I have been utilized. Sequence XIX is not given for any evidence of faunal succession, but for its value as presenting a bird's-eye view of the nature and thicknesses of the strata — necessary data for palaeo- geographical reconstruction, to combine with the evidence of Ammonites in any such essays. Sequence XIX — ^Scotland, East Coast (J. W. Judd, 1873, Tables I, II, abbreviated) Correlation Strata Nature Thickness (T.A. IV, p. 40) (in feet) ? z. Light-coloured and ferruginous sandstones Estuarine 100 + Coarse shelly "^ f Marine ^ -ry r, J limestones 1 Brecciated J Marine I ' *^ ^ Carbonaceous ( Beds j & f shales J (^ Estuar.J Sandstones (casts of marine shells) Marine so.-* Sandstones, coaly seams Estuarine 150 + Sandstones, marine shells Marine ? Limestones, clays and sandstones Marine etc. 200? Sandstones, coaly seams (several marine bands) Estuarine 400 Fine-grained sandstones Marine 25 Sandy shales, few fossils Marine 150 Pyritous and laminated shales Marine 80 Black laminated shales, septaria, shelly bands Marine 70 IX, 29 n. Calcareous sandstone (" Roof Bed ") Marine 5 In this Sequence there are more than 1730 feet of strata. Allowing for beds not measured, there may be supposed to be over 2,000 feet from Callovian to lower Kimmeridgian (Proplanulitan to Physodoceratan), and yet there are several gaps. This brings to a close, at any rate for the present, the account of the Chronology of the Jurassic so far as the Upper Oolites are concerned. It will be for the next volume to carry the study further. But the present opportunity may be taken to say a few words upon the method used in constructing the Hemeral Tables from the evidence of the Sequences, A good example is furnished by a comparison of the Portland beds of Oxfordshire (Seq. II, p. 28) with those of Swindon (Seq. Ill, p. 29). In the iirst case, one stratum, Shotover Grit Sands, gives three elements in the fauna without evidence as to their sviCce.s?,\on— Par avirgatites, Am. cf. devillei and Am. pectinatus : a definitely lower bed, the Wheatley Sands, of different lithic character, yields another element, Wheatleyites. So far, there is evidence for no more than two hemerae. Let these be called, provisionally, pectinatus and Wheatleyites. But Swindon shows no change of matrix during these two hemerae — that is to say, the species IX, 9— -10 V. IX, 12, 13 u. IX, 17. 18 t. IX, 19 s. IX, 20, 23 r. IX, 24, 25 ?• IX, 26, 27 P- IX, 28 0. 1923 CHRONOLOGY 47 occur in one bed (see Pis. CCCLIV b and CCCLXXXIII b) ; but it gives P. cf. devillei in a higher stratum than Am. pectinatus, and there is reason to suppose that Paravirgatites is from a still higher horizon (see PL CCCVIII b) — at any rate, it has another distinct matrix. So there is this result : Oxfordshire for four forms shows two matrices, Swindon, for the same four forms, three matrices ; but Swindon parts the three which Oxfordshire puts together, and Oxfordshire parts the two which Swindon unites — thus proving the four forms to be in sequence, so that four hemeral terms are required — three on the evidence of Swindon, two on the evidence of Oxfordshire, minus the one in common, makes four. The argument from dissimilar matrices — ^more dissimilar, aniso- petrous — may be presented. Two authors describe sequent beds at locahties A, B, some distance apart. One author describes the lower deposit, .-1, which is argillaceous ; the other author describes the higher horizon, B, which is calcareous. Examination of the figured specimens shows that in the main the two Ammonite faunas are distinct, but that some 25 per cent, are common — the one author claiming them as con- stituents of the clay, the other of the limestone. To say that the common fauna passed up from one deposit to the other is incorrect. The true answer is that three faunas have been dealt with, a, the earUest, b, the common fauna, c, the latest. Thus there are three hemerae, a, b, c, and during hemera b clay deposits prevailed at locahty A, but calcareous deposits had begun at locahty B. Therefore the constituents of the b fauna should be found in the highest clay beds of locahty A, and in the lowest hmestone beds of locality B. It may, further, be predicted that the fauna b will not be found in the calcareous beds of A» nor in the argillaceous beds of B. This argument from dissimilar matrices can be employed to predict the hemeral sequence of a given fauna when hemeral or zonal analyses have not been carried far enough. Some years ago, because certain Ammonite species were found in different parts of the south-west of England in clay, sand and limestone, which are sequent throughout the region, it was said that these Ammonites passed up through three formations. Detailed investigation showed that such was not the case — that there were always the same sequences of species, that clay, sand and hmestone were being deposited simultaneously at different locahties, and that there was no case of passing up in any one locality. It is from considerations such as these, where direct evidence of superposition was lacking, that the hemeral tables have been constructed. But that the Tables are free from mistakes is too much to expect. The illustrations of Ammonites which have been given in the four volumes of this work are intended not only for the use of the speciahst, but for the assistance of any student of Mollusca seeking to identify the specimens in his collection. For this reason there has been given in each case, at the top of the legend footing each plate, the name which the species has borne in literature, or, failing that, the name which it has received in pubhc or private collections, or, faihng that, the name which has or might have been applied to it by the field-geologist. Therefore, if the student is aware of the name which has hitherto been appUed, even in a general way, to the specimen which he is seeking to determine, he can look up that name in the index, and will find references to the plates which have been given of the species bearing that name. Thus, instead of aimlessly turning over plates, only to become more and more bewildered by a seemingly endless array of forms, the student can, 48 TYPE AMMONITES— IV Aug. if he works methodically, bring the number of plates, which it is necessary for him to consult, within quite reasonable limits. Another method presents itself — the stratigraphical. The student has possibly a shrewd idea as to the formation from which his specimen has been obtained. He should then look for the genera which have been figured from that formation. For his help in this search there was given in the Appendix to Vol. II, p. c, a Chronological Analysis of the genera illustrated in those two volumes : now there is given a similar analysis of the genera figured in Vols. Ill, IV. The translation of the chronological terms into the ordinary formation names, or vice versa, may be learnt from Table I of Vol. IV (pp. 6-13). The student using these two methods should quickly and easily find what he seeks, if it is figured in these volumes ; but he may find nothing like his speci- men ; because it has to be remembered that among the rich fauna of Jurassic Ammonites there are yet many series untouched in these volumes. Chronological Analysis — II (Pis. CXXXI — CDXXII. Genera in approximate chronological order — late to early — in each Age. . See Vol. II, App. p. c.) Ages Genera GiGANTiTAN : Glottoptychinites, Titanites, Briareites, Gigantites, Galbanites, Trophonites. Behemothan : Crendonites, Simotoichites, Leucopetrites, Glauco- lithites. Behemoth. Paravirgatitan : Lydistratites, Paravirgatites, Pectinatites, Wheat- leyites. Prionodoceratan : Prionodoceras, Dichotomoceras. RiNGSTEADiAN : Ringsteadia. Perisphinctean : Perisphinctes. Cardioceratan : Vertebriceras, Anacardioceras, Kranaosphinctes, Goliathiceras, Chalcedoniceras, Sagitticeras, Korythoceras, Miticardioceras, Klematosphinctes, Neumayriceras, Hortoniceras. Vertumniceratan : Pavloviceras, Alligaticeras, Pocuhsphinctes, Putea- liceras, Aspidoceras, Sutherlandiceras, Eboraciceras, Bourke- lamberticeras. Kosmoceratan : Longgeviceras, Trinisphinctes, Binatisphinctes, Hamuli- sphinctes, Rursiceras, Weissermeliceras, Zugokosmokeras, Guliel- mites, Gulielmiceras. Proplanulitan : Galilaeanus, Sigaloceras, Crassiplanulites, Galilaeites, Galilaeiceras, Cadoceras, Proplanulites, Gowericeras, Toricellites. Macrocephalitan : Pleurocephalites, Tmetokephahtes, Macrocephalites, Macrocephaliceras, Toricelliceras, Kepplerites, Catasigaloceras, Ana- planulites, Catacephalites, Dohkephalites, Kamptokephahtes, Homoeoplanulites, Cerericeras. Oxyceritan : Suspensites. TuLiTAN : Morrisiceras, Tuhtes, Bullatimorphites, Morrisites, Tulo- phorites, Madarites, Rugiferites, Pleurophorites, Sphseromorphites. Gracilisphinctean : GraciHsphinctes. ZiGZAGiCERATAN : Zigzagites, Parkinsonites, Zigzagiceras, Procerites, Ebrayiceras, Polysphinctites, Planisphinctes, Patemorphoceras. Parkinsonian : Haselburgites, CEcoptychoceras, Phanerosphinctes, Polystephanus, Stegeostephanus, Dimorphinites ^'ermisphinctes, Prorsisphinctes, Stomphosphinctes, Diplesioceras, Parkinsonia, Garantiana. 1923 CHRONOLOGY 49 Stepheoceil\tan : Hlawiceras, Pseudobigotella, Rhabdodites, Cado- moceras, Strenoceras, Leptosphinctes, Caumontisphinctes, Spha^r- oceras, Nannolytoceras, Teloceras, Chondroceras, Epabdtes, Mascke- ites, Stepheoceras. SoNNiNiAN : Kallistephanus, Rhytostephanus, (Ecostephanus, Skirr- oceras, Skolekostephanus, Otoites, Papilliceras, Sonninia, Ambly- oxyites, Labyrinthoceras, Kumatostephanus, Frogdenites, Witchellia, Emileia, Lissoceras, Mollistephanus, Stiphromorphites, Pelekodites, Zugophorites, Sherbornites, Fissilobiceras, Trilobiticeras, Docid- oceras, Graphoceras, Kleistoxyites, Eudmetoceras, Euaptetoceras. LuDWiGiAN : Abbasites, Ambersites, Planammatoceras, Manselia, Eiycites. DuMORTiERiAN : Xeinophylloceras. Grammoceratan : Pachammatoceras, Hammatoceras. Phlyseogram- moceras, Esericeras. Haugian : Thysanoceras, Catacoeloceras, Phymatoceras, Pelecoceras. HiLDOCERATAN I Planulites, Frechiella, Hildoceratoides. Harpoceratan : Hildaites, Dactylioceras, Pseudolioceras, Porpoceras, Murleyiceras, Paltarpites. Amaltheian : Paltopleuroceras, Argutarpites, Amauroceras. Liparoceratan : Beaniceras. PoLYMORPHiTAN : Tiagophylloceras, Kallilytoceras, Coeloceras, Jamesonites, Phricodoceras. Deroceratan : Apoderoceras, Cnicilobiceras. OxYNOTicERATAN : Fastigiceras, Victoriceras, Tutchericeras, Oxyno- ticeras, Retenticeras. AsTEROCERATAN : Aiietites. CoRONiCERATAN : AgcLSsiceras, Aetomoceras, Ammonites. Caloceratan : Schlotheimia, Caloceras, Psiloceras. To attempt the identification of an Ammonite without first making observations as to its characters, the nature of its venter, of its rib-curve, of its ribbing, and most especially of its suture-hne, is only to court disaster. Nor should the student venture to give to a specimen from one formation the name of a species from another formation, even though, locally, he may find the two formations in contact, and may therefore think that the time-interv^al between them is only a ver>^ short one : this will be certain to bring trouble. Those who hghtly say " this species may or must have hved on longer in our area than in others " should first reflect on the extraordinary palaeo-geographical comphcations which would ensue if their words were correct, as well as on the fact that zonal work — the identification of the position of strata by means of Ammonites — ^w^ould be worthless. There are many cases of the repetition of hke forms (heterochronous homoeomorphy) which may easily mislead those who do not proceed with caution and examine minutely, especially for internal characters. To explain by an airy phrase, without due know- ledge of facts and without mature consideration of the consequences involved, is a serious fault — unhappily, far too common in geological work. A particularly unfortunate example of the danger of extending the range of Ammonites — of identif}ing the species of one formation %vith those of another — is shown in the recently-pubhshed work of Marcel Lissajous (Faune Bathonien de Macon ; Lab. Geol. de Lyon, III, 1923). He identifies certain Bathonian species from his zone of arhiistigerum with species which I named from the zigzag bed of the Inferior OoHte. Now the arhiistigerum zone is the equivalent of the Great Oohte of 50 TYPE AMMONITES— IV Aug. Minchinhampton, possibly only the upper part of that (Oxyceritan, suspensus, T.A. CCCXLVI). This zone is spoken of as " les premiers sediments Bathoniens " (Lissajous, p. i6), reposing, in the neighbourhood of Macon, upon strata of the " Bajocien," presumably Parkinsonian, Garantiana. Such superposition has led the author to think that the time-interval between the deposits is a small one ; but in England, between the Inferior-Oolite strata from which my species came (Zigzagiceratan, zigzag) and the Great Oolite strata of Minchinhampton, there are the following thick deposits : Fullers' Earth, Stonesfield Slate and much of the Great Oolite strata of Bath, which are earlier than the beds of Minchinhampton. Separating the two deposits there may be a thickness of as much as 500 feet. To say that the same three species of Ammonites endured through a time-interval represented by the deposition of some 500 feet — that the species which belong to the zigzag bed of the Inferior Oolite of England migrated to re-appear after all that interval in strata of the east of France, equivalent to the Great-Oolite beds of Minchinhampton, is to ask for something quite contrary to all experience in regard to the duration of Ammonite species. If they are the same species, the explana- tion in the Macon case might more reasonably be derivation from destroyed local deposits of zigzag date. But in my opinion they are not the same species — there is not even sufficient external likeness to warrant the assumption ; while, had the suture-lines been investigated, I feel certain that undoubted differences would have been revealed. From this may be learnt two rather important lessons : i, the danger of claiming identity for species of quite different dates ; 2, that it is as important to prove identity as to disprove it — that external similarity is an untrustworthy guide, and that it is necessary to prove identity of suture-line before claiming similar-looking forms as the same species. More trouble is caused by placing different forms under the same name than by putting the same forms under different names. Another warning seems advisable — that it is dangerous to place a series of, say, Continental forms as varieties of an English species without having among them an example which is identical with the English type. This should be the first thing to establish, and should be the starting- point of the investigation. The converse is my method in the identification of English with Continental species. This instance may be given : it is dangerous to regard, say. Continental Stepheocerates as varieties of Stepheoceras humphriesianum until an exact Continental counterpart of that species can be produced. For this reason — the stratum yielding S. humphriesianum is preserved only very locally in this country, and it was, where preserved, nearly removed by penecontemporaneous erosion — the half condition of the type is due to the planing away which it suffered while lying in the rock. It has yet to be proved that any stratum of exact date with that of 5. humphriesianum exists on the Continent : it may have been altogether destroyed from there. And if the Continental forms of humphriesiamim-SiSpect are not exactly synchronous with the English species, they cannot be varieties of it. Stepheoceratids persisted through several hemerae, but there is not yet evidence that Stepheoceras did. The Chronological Analysis of genera in Vols. Ill, IV, given in p. 48, reveals a very large number of generic names. But wholly false conclusions may be drawn from this. One reason for the number is that an attempt is being made to give a synopsis of the rich Jurassic Ammonite fauna, so that, at least, there may be a generic name to give 1923 CHROSOLOGY to species otherwise unnamed. Therefore, in most cases, only one or two species have been figured out of many belonging to a genus : this makes the number of generic names large in proportion to the number of species. But the number of generic names is wholly relative : it depends on the length of time which was taken for the deposition of the Jurassic rocks and on the richness of the faunas which have been preserved. All recent researches tend to show that the time-interval required for the deposition of the Jurassic rocks must be one of very great duration — multiphcation of former estimates by tens or, possibly, by hundreds must be made. The old idea that a bed of, say, five feet crowded with layers of Ammonites represented quick deposition — a catastrophic over- whelming by mud bringing about a sudden entombment — is now proved to be wholly erroneous. When the different layers of such a bed are traced laterally across country they are found to thicken out into i,ooo or more feet of strata — a multiplication by 200 ; and that may be only the beginning of such discoveries in regard to lateral expansion. So that instead of a bed crowded with Ammonites being regarded as a case of quick deposition, it has now to be looked upon as an instance of very slow deposition — a^'rich fauna accumulated owing to extreme paucity of sedimentation. Twenty generic names given to similar-looking forms from a thin bed of supposedly two dates may seem excessive ; but when investigation of other areas shows that the number of dates has to be multiplied by ten, so that the number of generic names given to contemporaneous species has to be divided by ten, the case assumes quite a different aspect. A student with some two or three hundred Jurassic Ammonites may, if he find that each specimen should bear a different generic name, be inclined to criticize the number of generic names as excessive. But he is wholly incompetent to express an opinion on such poor experience. British Jurassic Ammonites have to be studied in their thousands — so rich is the fauna, so great is the number of beds into which the Jurassic strata have to be divided and so limited in certain cases are the exposures of particular dates. Possibly, if all the collections of such Ammonites in the British Islands were placed together, they would be proved to be incomplete by the next month's systematic collecting — some exposures of known richness have hardly been touched, so short a time were they open, so long have they been closed. Possibly, such collections would not represent anything like the full tale of Ammonite species once entombed in the British Islands, for there is reason to suppose that many beds have been removed entirely, and in other beds all the specimens have been destroyed by chemical action. . Certainly any one collection, large though it may be, quite inadequately represents even the collected fauna of British Ammonites. Critics of the number of generic names of Ammonites, merely on the ground of their number, should bear such conclusions as these in mind, and they should also remember that generic names are given to record facts — it may be that in the case of two similar forms the suture- hne of one is florid, while that of the other is simple ; or it may be merely that, in similar case, in one form the external lobe is longer than the superior lateral, while in another the reverse obtains. But these details are shown in the plates ; also, they are sometimes noted in the legends. A critic of generic names will readily grasp these details before making his criticisms ; but if he argues that these details are insufficient to justify generic names, then it can only be repHed that he has no idea of the richness and variety of the Ammonite fauna, nor any conception 52 TYPE AMMONITES— IV Aug. Map a Ca/-Can,Ca/oceraran - Cana\/ar/nanAgo5 (Hetlangian to lowerAalenian^tagesJ British Isles. Distribution of Land and Water Ammonitoidic (Jurassic) Period Arietal to early Coronatal Epochs. See pp. 16-24 ^-^^^ 53 1923 PALMOGEOGRAPHY 53 of the magnitude of the task. To obtain such knowledge, he might confine his work to studying one small family of Ammonites or a very limited set of strata, gathering for a few years all the material possible. Then, one may expect, judging from recent papers done by other workers under these conditions, that he would end by finding the genera in " Type Ammonites " insufficient, and would proceed to div-ide them further. He would reaUse that the idea of the number of genera being large, having regard to the vast amount of material seen, is quite an illusion. There is a considerable practical bearing in the gi^'ing of generic names to small details of difference, whether of suture-line or ornament . When such details possess distinct names, the memory can retain the differences, which it is unable to do if they be unlabelled. In well- sinkings, borings and such like, the determinations as to the strata pierced and the chances of success have often to be made on ver^' fragmentary' material. Here the advantage of ha\'ing had small differ- ences duly noted is vital — the knowledge leading to correct determination may mean, in the advice given, all the difference between losing or sa\'ing some hundreds of pounds. Certain costly failures should not have occurred had the fact that what seem to the layman no more than the differences between Tweedledum and Tweedledee been named and noted. For it must be remembered that the difference between dum and dee and failure to know which is which may mean an error of some magnitude. If dum and dee lay side by side, failure to distinguish them b}- name would not be so important ; but so often they are ^\adely separated — there is repetition of like forms : then failure to note and know the difference may mean so much. It has just been seen how great is the likeness between forms of the Great and the Inferior Oolite, separated vertically by some hundreds of feet. The difference between Suspensites of the Minchinhampton Great OoUte and Zigzagiceras of the Inferior Oolite is httle more than the difference between Tweedledum and Tweedledee — at least, it would seem so, if they were submitted as fragments from a boring. But the much simpler suture-Hne and short Li of the higher form — Li may be visible even in a fragment — ^would be sufficient. The suture-Une of Suspensites looks like a suspended bridge of a single arch, that of Zigzagi- ceras like a two7arched bridge with elaborate pillars. Pal.s;ogeography The map A given in the opposite page is an attempt to illustrate approximately the distribution of land and water in the area of the British Isles during the early Ammonitoidic Period — in part explanation of the remarks made in pp. 16-24. Detailed discussion of this map must be deferred to a later \'olume, when, also, it is hoped to issue further maps. The descriptive naming of the seas presents a certain difficulty ; because it can only be temporarily correct. Land movements make changes — converting a channel into a bay, or the reverse. It is possible that the areas shown as sea are, in some cases, not large enough to provide for temporary extensions of submergence. And, possibly, too large an area of Palaeozoic rocks has been marked as land. The absence of Jurassic (and Triassic) strata from Palaeozoic rocks is not necessarily evidence that no Jurassic beds were deposited upon them. How great 54 TYPE AMMONITES— IV Aug. may be the subsequent total removal of beds over large areas without leaving any trace is seen in the remarkably small patches of strata of niortensis hemera which are preserved : its sea must have made deposits over quite a wide expanse, little less than the area shown as water for the Stepheoceratan Age. In many cases, the length of time for such removal without trace was much less than a hemera ; but in regard to the removal of Jurassic strata from Palaeozoic rocks there can often have been the time of Epochs, Periods, or much longer. Systematic To illustrate the method of working with regard to generic names there may be given here a series of short diagnoses. Family MACROCEPHALITIDM 1. Catacephalites, pi. CCLXXXIII. Sub-sphaeroconic ; flexicostate, ribs rather coarse ; suture-line sub-simple, lobes short, EL = Li. 2. Kamptokephalites, pi. CCCXLVII. Compressed ; flexicostate, ribs coarse ; s. 1. feeble, EL longer than Li. 3. Macrocephaliceras, pi. CCCXIII. Sphaeroconic persistent into smooth stage ; flexicostate, ribs medium size ; s. 1. highly developed, EL=Li. 4. Pleurocephalites, pi. CCLXXXIV. Sphaero- to subsphseroconic ; flexicostate, ribs fairly strong ; s. 1. well developed, with long lobes, EL =Li. 5. Dolikephalites, pi. CCCLXXIL Compressed ; flexicostate, ribs small, numerous ; s. 1. feeble, EL longer than Li. 6. Macrocephalites, PI. CCCXXXIV. Sub-sphaeroconic ; recti- costate, ribs small, numerous ; s. 1., lobes short, but fairly ornate, EL=Li. 7. Tmetokephalites, PI. CCCLXXIIL Compressed ; flexicostate, ribs small, numerous; s. 1. very elaborate, EL=Li. The differences between these genera should be fairly obvious ; but they may more readily be grasped if put into tabular form, taking just the three characters, shape, degree of costation and complexity of suture-line, giving to each a numerical value greater for its departure from a supposed common primitive form. Thus the coarser the costation, the lower the number ; the more complicated the suture-line, the higher the number. Table A — Macrocephalitid Genera Genus Shape Ornament Suture-line Totals I. Catacephalites subsphaer., 3 coarse, 2 I 6 2. Kamptokephalites compressed, 4 coarse, i 3 8 3. Macrocephaliceras sphseroc, i medium, i 5 9 4- Pleurocephalites subsphaer., 2 medium, ^ 6 12 5. Dolikephalites compressed, 6 fine, 5 2 13 6. Macrocephalites compressed, 5 fine, 5 4 14 7- Tmetokephalites compressed, 6 fine, 5 7 18 The totals, therefore, give the natural order. These genera occupy different deposits — Cornbrash, genera 2 and 5, 1923 SYSTEMATIC 55 Kellaways Cla3% 3, 4, (and 7, see remark below), Kellaways Rock, i, Callovian (foreign), 6, 7. It may be taken as certain that genera 3 and 4 are later than 2, 5. It may be assumed that the other genera are as late or later than those of the Kellaways Clay ; but the exact chronology is not proved. From the external hkeness of DolikepJuilites to Tmetokephalites, the argument might be put forward that the difference in suture-line is sexual — the former vdXh. its simple suture-Une being the male, and the latter with its elaborate one being the female. And as both were said originally to come from the same stratum and locaUt3% Combrash, Peterborough, the suggestion seems to have force. But examination of the matrix of Tmetokephalites shows that it is not an English specimen. Comparison with Wurtemberg examples makes it fairly certain that the specimen is from there, from Oeschingen. So the sexual idea breaks down — ^where other sexual readings of Ammonites have failed — that the stratum or the locality, or both, are different : it is absolutely necessary that the indixiduals supposed to be two sexes of one species be syntopites : they must have Uved in the same place at the same time. Since this was ^\Titten, an English example of Tmetokephalites has been seen — in an old collection lately acquired by Mr. Tutcher. It is from the Kellaways Clay of Wiltshire. The likeness of these two genera shows the importance of ascertaining the suture-Hne. The identification of Ammonites is not difficult in itself ; it is only hard in that it demands time, obser\'ation and patience. At present, the suture-line can seldom be safely neglected. In the future, when the association of certain external features \\\\h certain suture-hnes has been fully illustrated, it should be possible to predict what suture-hne is associated with given external features ; for it ma\- be taken as certain that there are such differences — in the case of these two genera rather more rib-flexure in Dolikephalites than in Ttneto- kephalites. But until these associations of features are knoN\Ti and proved by many more examples, the first necessity in the identification of Ammonites is to obtain the suture-Une, often a laborious task. The following rectifications of genotA^'pes are necessan,'. They are due to the rule that the first output of a new generic name, definitelv hnked \\'ith a trivial name or names, makes the form or forms so cited the genoholotj'pe or genos}-nt}^es, as the case ma}- be, although such was not the author's intention at the time of proposal. Certain generic names which were given in the foUowng works take genot\-pes different from what were subsequently stated ia my " Monograph of Inferior OoUte Ammonites " — in some cases the result is particularly unfortunate ; but there is good reason for the rule, although the author was not aware of the rule at the time. In Mon. I.O. Amm., Sup., in consequence of plates and explanations being issued in advance of text, the foUovving genotj-pes take precedence : Pleydellia, S. B. p. comata S. B. (Suppl. PL x, f. 11-13) is genotype, preceding P. aalensis. Brasilina, S. B. B. crinalis (Suppl. x, 29-31) and B. haylei (Suppl. XI, 34) are genosjutypes, preceding B. tutcheri. Genolectotype B. haylei. The following casual citations in Proc. Cotteswold Field Club, XIII, 1901, p. 266, made genot^-pes : — Cypholioceras, S. B. " C. opaliniforme " precedes C. plicatum. 56 TYPE AMMONITES— IV Aug. The trivial name opaliniforme was given to IJoceras opalinum, Mon. xiii, I, 2, in " Jurassic Time," Q.J.G.S., LIV, 1898, 458. This becomes genotype. LuDWiGELLA, S. B. " L. coHcava." Therefore specimens named " concaviis " become genosyntypes, preceding L. arcilenens; out of them " Ammonites concaviis, Sowerby, refigured S. B., Mon. 11, 5, 6, Suppl. p. Ixxxvi, fig. 51 a [Ludwigella concava) is taken now as genolectotype. It may be noted here that the locaHty of Sowerby's specimen given as " neighborhood of Ilminster " (M.C. I, 214) is presumably Dinnington, about 2| miles S.E. of Ilminster. Inferior Oolite species have been obtained from Dinnington with the characteristic ironshot oolite which is graphically depicted by Sowerby in his figure of Am. concavus : their matrix approximates to the Stoke Knap character. This ironshot shows that Sowerby's species is not from the Upper Lias, as has so often been erroneously supposed — the Upper Lias of the Ilminster district and much further alield is bluish and argillaceous or calcareo-argillaceous. Phlyseogrammoceras, S. B. Phylseogrammoceras, misprint. " P. dispansum" precedes P. metallarium. Name covered several forms, but did not include Lycett's type (T.A. CCCXL), which had not been figured, and had not been seen by me. Genolectotype, P. dispansum, pars, = P. electum, T.A. CCCXCIV. PsEUDOGRAMMocERAS, S. B. " P. struckmanni " precedes P. regale. Out of the specimens assigned to P. struckmanni (Mon. cxlviii, cxlix) the specimen with radial line depicted, p. clxvii, fig. 143, is now taken as genolectotype. In " Emendations of Ammonite Nomenclature," Cheltenham, 1902, the following accidentally become genotypes, though they were not intended to be : — Braunsina, S. B., p. 3. " B. jutilis" {Lioceras apertum, Mon. xv, 7, 8) precedes B. contorta. CoTTESWOLDiA, S. B., p. 3. Several genosyntypes take precedence of C. paucicostata. Genolectotype, C. costulata, Mon. xxxiii, 3, 4. Deltoidoceras, S. B., p. 3. D. subdiscoideum, precedes D. astrictum. Genolectotype, D. subdiscoideum {Hyperlioceras subdiscoideum), Mon. XIX, 5, 6. Reynesella, S. B., p. 5. " R. piodes " precedes R. juncta. Geno- lectotype, R. piodes {Hyperlioceras walkeri), Mon. xvi, 7, 8. The following remarks are explanatory of certain genotypes : — Ammonites, Bruguiere. Though subdivision of the genus Ammon- ites has proceeded for more than fifty years, no proper settlement of the genotype has yet been made. The history of the term is as follows : In a systematic sense it dates from Bruguiere (Encyclopedic Methodique, Hist. Nat. des Vers, Tome i, 1789, p. 28). All the species for which he used the name Ammonites are genosyntypes : out of them only can selection be made. Lamarck, in 1801 (Systeme des Animaux sans Vertebres, p. 100), took one of these. Ammonites bisulcata, as " the example," which may be regarded as the type, of Ammonites. To figures of it he gave four references : — " List. Conch. Angl. t. 6, no. 3 et Synops. t. 1041, f. 21. Ammonis comu . . . Lang. t. 24, no. i. Bourget, Petrif. t. 41, no. 270." 1923 SYSTEMATIC 57 These references axe the same as the first four given by Bruguiere, so the selection is narrowed dowTi to them. As it happens, the\' only represent two specimens ; for the two figures of Lister are the same, while the figure of Bourget is a reversed copy of that of Lang (Langius). Selection as between these two specimens is settled by Fischer (Man. Conch. (Fasc. 4), 1882, p. 390), somewhat indirectly. He definitely selected Amtnonites hisitlcatus, Bruguiere, and showed that he fixed on an Arietes by giving a figure of such a form as Am. hisitlcatus (PI. Ill, fig. 7). But this figure cannot be the t^-pe, as it is later than Bruguiere. However, as it is an Arietes, it excludes the figure of Lister, which represents one of the Amalthei. Lister's figure now reproduced, PI. CCCXCII, is the holot\*pe of Ammonites bisulcata, Bruguiere, for that author gives to it the definite commendation " Icon, bona." Such special selection of a figure marks it off from its feUows and elevates it to chief place — holotype. The figures of the other authors cited by Bruguiere, therefore, are paratypes of Am. bisulcata. The figures of Lister, Lang and Bourget are the genolectot\T)es of the genus Ammonites according to Lamarck's choice, which is further narrowed, by Fischer's exclusion of Lister's figure, to the parat\T)e of A. bisulcata figured by Lang. Therefore, a paratype of A. bisulcata becomes the genolectotviJe of Am)nonites, but cannot retain the trivial name bisulcata, because that goes to the holotype. This holotype being a Paltopleuroceras, takes the specific title Palto- pleuroceras bisulccUum, Bruguiere sp. (see PI. CCCXCII), while the paratype retains the generic name Ammonites. As it seems to be identical ^vith A. bucklandi, Sowerby, it takes that trivial name, and so has the specific title Amtnonites bucklandi, J. Sowerby (see PI. C XXXI a). 'Planulites, Lamarck, 1801. This author (op. cit. pp. 100, loi) separated from Ammonites two genera : Orbulites, which may be a Goniatite, and Planulites, which has been supposed to be a Clymenia. But as Lamarck definitely gave the name Planulites sulcata to the example figured by Bourget (Petrif. xlvi, 290), that becomes the genotype, though Lamarck's description might fit Clymenia. Bourget 's figure, here reproduced for reference (PI. CCCXCIII), would appear to be a Hildoceratid. The shading indicates, presumably, quite a shallow lateral sulcus — a character recalling Hildoceras and some Hildoceratoid forms which may be new. The follo\nng alterations of generic names are required : — Alligaticeras, nov. Genotype Am. alligatus, T.A. CCXII. Differences from Dichtomoceras :— external, ribs versi-radiate and presence of parabolae : internal, ES with only small accessory lobe ; L2 < Aux. i instead of L2 > Aux. i. For Dichotomoceras as generic name of Am. ingens (PL CLXXXH"), it is advisable to substitute temporarily " Perisphincies." For Dicho- tomoceras as hemeral term for hemera post- martelli, antecedens may be substituted. The hemera dichotomum is much later, see pp. 35, 39, 40. Ac KXOWLE DGME N T The Author's hearty thanks are offered to all those who have aided in this work : their names are already recorded in pre\'ious volumes or are noted in the legends of the plates. To them must, however, be added for special thanks. Professor Edgar Dacque, Munich Museum, 58 TYPE AMMONITES— IV Aug. who has rendered invaluable service in kindly sending over some of Oppel's important types; to Mr. Lionel T. Cranshaw, B.A., LL.M., for identifying and forwarding various further types from Whitby Museum ; to Mr. C. P. Chatwin, F.G.S., for the compilation of the Index. Gratitude is also expressed to the Subscribers for their continued kind support. Addenda, Corrigenda Page i6, line i6 up, for ' Oxfordshire — West ' read ' Oxfordshire-West ' 26, 1. 9, after ' Gigantids ' place ' ) ' ; 1. 12, for ' 4 . Isle ' read ' 4-6 . Isle'; I. 20 up, for ' leucos ' read ' leucus ' The following additional hemeral names may be inserted : to Gigantitan, 9, ' glottodes,' see PL CDII ; to Behemothan, II, ' leptolobatus,' see PI. CDl. 29, 1. 3, for ' 5-7 ' read ' 5-8 ' 1. 22, delete ' Shotover Fine Sand ' 33, 1. 4 up, for ' FAy, etc' read ' Ely etc.,' ,, 34, 1. 19, for ' contejani ' read ' contejeani ' I. 8 up, for ' plamdum ' read ' planida ' 35, 1. 26 down, 11. 5 and 7 up, for ' Wotton Basset ' read ' Wootton Bassett ' ,, 35, 1. 21 up, for ' Minety,' given there on Phillips' authority (" K[immeridge] C[lay], Minety," Geol. Oxf., p. 332) read ' near Swindon.' Minety is too low for Kim. Clay ; but the specimen may have been handed over with an incorrect locality. ,, 41, 1. 16 up, remove ' Z 11 goko smoker as zugium, T. A., PI. CCCLXXXIX ' to opposite Bed 27 II. 12 and 10 up, after ' Upper Clays ' and ' Lower Clays ' add ' Fascally Shales ' ,, 43, 1. 8, for ' kitichini ' read ' kitchini ' Plate CXXXIa, 1. 2 up, delete ' sp ' CCLXVIIIb, line 2, for ' Schlottheim ' read ' Schlotheim ' CCLXXXV, 1. 5, for ' nov.' read ' S. Buckman, 1921, III, 48 ' ; 1. 6, for ' Morriceras ' read ' Morrisiceras ' CCLXXXVI, 1. 2, for ' (near ' read ' [near ' CCLXXXIXa, 1. 3, for ' Wurttemberg ' read ' Wiirttemberg ' CCLXXXIXb, 1. 3, after ' macroceph.' place CCXCVc, 1. I up, for ' Condioceratan ' read ' Cardioceratan ' CCCIV, 1. 2, for ' ] z.' read ' z.] ' CCCXXXV, 1. I, for ' a ' read ' a ' CCCXXXVII, 1. 2, for ' Langi ' read ' Lang ' CCCXXXIX, 1. I, for ' Quenstediceras ' read ' Quenstedticeras ' CCCXL, the fig. is slightly enlarged, about i"i CCCXLV, 1. I, delete the comma CCCLIIIa, to top of PI. put ' Fig. i ' ; to S.W. corner add ' Fig. 2, N.S.' CCCLVb, to ' Fig. I ' add ' x 0-56 ' CCCXCII, 1. 2 up, for ' Brugueire ' read ' Bruguiere ' CCCXCIX, 1. I up, for ' Shirbinrnia ' read ' Shirhnirnia ' 1923 PUBLICATION DETAILS 59 Publication Details Paris Pages XXXI (20 plates) XXXII (20 plates) XXXIII (16 plates) XXXIV 5-20 (16 plates 4 reprints) XXXV (20 plates) XXXVI {16 plates) XXXVII 21-28 (14 plates) XXXVIII 29-36 (1 8 plates, I reprint, I portrait) XXXIX 37-44 {20 plates) XL (20 plates) XLI 1-4, (16 plates) 45-68 Plates CCLXVIIlA, B, c— CCLXIX. CCLXX, CCLXXiA, B, CCLXXIlA. B— CCLXXIII— CCLXXVI, CCLXXVIlA, B. CCLXXVIII— CCLXXXII . . CCLXXXIII, CCLXXXIVa. b. CCLXXXV— CCLXXXVIII. CCLXXXIXa, b, ccxg— CCXCIV, CCXCVa, b. c, CCXCVI— CCXCVIII . . . . CCXCIX, CCCa, b, CCCI— CCCIV, CCCVa, CCCVIA, CCCVIlA, CCCVIII— CCCXIII CCCXIV— CCCXIX, CCCXX-\, B, CCCXXI, CCCXXIlA, B, CCCXXIII, CCCXXIVa, b, CCCXXVa, b, (Reprints of CCCb, CCCI I. CCCVa, CCCXII) CCCVb, CCCVIb, CCCVIIb, CCCXXIIc, CCCXXVI— CCCXXXIII, CCCXXXIVa, b, CCCXXXV— CCCXL . . . . CCCXLI, CCCXLIlA, B, CCCXLIIIa, b, cccxliv CCCXLVa, b, cccxlvi— CCXLIX, CCCLa. b. CCCLI, CCCLII CCLXXXVII, CCCVIIIb, CCCLIIIa, b, CCCLIVa, b. CCCLVa, ccclvi— CCCLXIlA XXIIlA, CCCXXXVIlA, CCCXXXVIIlA, CCCLVb. CCCLVI*, CCCLXIlB, CCCLXIII, CCCLXIVa, CCCLXV— CCCLXVIII. CCCLXIXa, b, CCCLXX— CCCLXXIV, Portrait (J. Buckman) . . CCCLXIVb, CCCLXXV— CCCLXXXII, CCCLXXXIIlA, b, CCCLXXXIV, CCCLXXXVa, b, CCCLXXVI— CCCXCiA, . . . . CXXXIa, CCLXVIIb, CCCXCIb, c, CCCXCII— CDVI CDVII— CDXXII Dates 23, I. 1922 31, III, 1922 31, V, 1922 4, VII, 1922 23, vni, 1922 13, X, 1922 28, XII, 1922 22, II, 1923 6, IV. 1923 23, VI, 1923 31, VIII, 1923 6o TYPE AMMONITES— IV Aug. Index Pages &■ Plates ■ ■ ■■ 12, 13 31. 35, 34. Aalenian Stage Abadia (beds) Abbasites Abbotsbury Iron-ore acanthicum hemera Acknowledgment 57 agquabile cccxc Aetomoceras 49 Agassiceras 49 Ages, chronological 7 + agrigentinus hemera 34 albisaxeum cccxx Alfeldin Stage 13 Alligaticeras 48, 57 Allt na Cuille (Sutherland) . . 44 — — — Sandstones, ^5, 40, 44 Altorfin Stage 13 Amaltheian Age . . . . 13, 16, 49 Amauroceras 49 Ambersites 49 Amblyoxyites . . . . 49, ccciii amblys ccciii Ammonites adicrus . . . . cdxi — alligatus 57 — arbustigerus . . . . cccxlvi — biplex . . ccLXXXii, cccviii CDII — bisulcata 56, cxxxi, cccxcii — boloniensis cdiii — bononiensis cccvi, cccvii, CCCXLII, CCCLV — brongniarti cclxxix bucklandi bullatus capax . . chalcedonicu concavus cornucopia . corrugatus . dimorphus . dispansus . frischmanni galilaeii garantianuK . genotype of giganteus goliathus gowerianus 49, CXXXI . , CCLXXII . . CCCXLIX ccxcv CCCLXXXVIII . , CCCXCI CCCXLI, CDXII CCLXXVI CCCXL CDVII ccxc CCCLVIII .. 56 CCCV, CCCXLIII CCXCVI, CCCLXXX CCLXXXVII, CCLXXXVII,* CCLXXXVIII, CCXCI, CCXCII, CCXCIV CCCIX, CCCXXXVI, CDIV gulielmi cdxviii hawskerensis . . . . cdviii humphriesianus crassicosta CCCXLV ingens 58 interrupta . . . . cccxxxvii Pages &• Plates Ammonites jamesoni angusta cdvii — jason CDXVIII — jugifer . . . . . . CCCXLI — keppleri . . . . cclxxxix — koenigi cclxxxi, CCCXXXI, CCCLX — kurrianus . . . . ccclxiii — Iseviusculus cdx — linguiferus cccxii — macrocephalus . . cclxxiii, CCLXXXVI — modiolaris cdvi — morrisi cclxxiii — murchisona- . . . . cdix — murleyi cccxvi — pectinatus crcriv, ccclxxxi — perarmatus ccclxiv — pinguis . . . . cccxcviii — polymerus cdxiv — polymorphus . . . . ccclix — procerus cdxvi — pseudogigas . . cccxxv, CCCLXXXV — pseudomutabilis. . cccxxxii — putealis . . . . ccxcvii — pygmaeus cccxxii a, cccxxiii — serratus cdxxi — silphouensis . . ccclxiv b — stutchburii . . . . ccclxxxix — subcontractus . . cclxviii, CCLXIX, CCLXX, CCLXXI, CCCXXXVIII, CCCLXVII, CCCLXVIII, CCCLXIX — - sublffivis ccLXXV — • superstes cdxxii — - sutherlandia? . . . . cccxx — toricellii . . ccxcii, cccx, CCCXVIII, cccxix — triplicatus cccliii — — , date 26 — ■ vaschaldi cccxxi — - vernoni . . . . cccxxxiii ■ — • vertumnus cclxxx ■ — virgatus cdii Ammonitoidic Period 15, 18, 20, 21, 52 Amoeboceras horizons 34. 35. 39. 40. 42. 43. 44 amphilaphes cclxxix Ampthill Clay 8 Anacardioceras . . . . 48, cdxx cordatiforme Anaplanulites . . 48, cccxxix difficilis Ancyloceras bifurcatum ccclxxiv antecedens hemera '57 Apoderoceras "49 t923 INDEX 6i Pages &■ Plates approximatus cccxxxvi aptum cccxvi Aptychus horizon 36 Aquilonian Stage 7 arbustigerum zone 49 arciruga cccxxxi Ardassie Limestone 41 Argovian Stage 9 Argutarpites .... 49. ccclxiii argutus CCCLXIII Arietal Epoch 16 Arietites 49 Aspidoceras ccclxiv silphouense Aspidoceras horizons 38, 41, 44, 45, 48 Astartian Stage 9 Asteroceratan Age . . . . 13, 49 Aucella pallasi, Banc a . . . . 45 aulacophorus ccclxxxi Aulacosphinctecin Age 7. 16, 17, 33. 36, 37, 45 Aulacosphinctes hemera 33. 36, 37. 45 Aulacostephanus horizons 36, 38, 40, 43, 44, 45, 58 austera cdix Autochthonous Ammonites. . 19, 20 Baculitoidic Period 15 Baden Beds (Switzeriand) . . . . 34 Bajocian Stage xo, 11 balderum hemera 34, 45 Balingin Stage 13 Banzin Stage 13 Bariey Hill Blue Bed . . . . 26, 27 Bathian (Bathonian) Stage.. 10, 11 — ■ — , Macon . . . . 49, 50 bathytmetus ccclxxiii baylei hemera . . 35, 37, 38, 42 44 Beaniceras 49 beckeri hemera 33 Bedfordin (Bedfordian) Stage . . ii Behemoth 16, 27, 48, cccv, cccxlii lapideus, megasthenes Behemothan Age 7, 16, 17, 20, 26, 48, 58 Bierton (Bucks) 36 biforme cclxxvi Binatisphinctes 48 biplex siliceus hemera . . 33, 45 bisulcatum cccxcii Bollin Stage 13 Bononian Stage 6 bononiensis horizon 17 Boulogne-sur-Mer . . 26, 33, 34, 35 — , sequence at 44 Bourkelamberticeras 41, 48, cccxxxix intermissum Bradford Clay 10 Bradfordian Stage 10 brandesi hemera . . 35, 39, 44, 45 Brasilina, genotj-pe 56 Braunsina, genotype 56 Brecquereque, CaJcaires de. . . . 44 Briareites .. .. 16, 17, 30, 48 — hemera 26 Pages &■ Plates Bridport Sands 12 Brill (Bucks) 37 — Clays 34. 36. 4° — Serpulite Bed . . . . 37, 40 Brora Beds 41 Bucks-Oxon-Swindon, correlarion 28-30. 46, 47 Building Stone, Portlandian 26, 27 buUatimorphus cclxxii Bullatimorphites . . . . 48, cclxxii buUatimorphus Caba90, Calcaires de 31 Cadicone, phaulomorph cclxxvii cadiforme cdv Cadoceras . . 48, cclxxv, cdvi sublaeve, tolj'pe Cadomin Stage 11 Cadomites dauben\-i . . . . cccxi Cadomoceras 49 cadus ccLxviii Calcareous Grit . . . . 8, 40, 41 Callovian Stage . . . . 8, 9, 55 Caloceras 49, ccciv pirondii Caloceras johnstoni . . . . ccciv Caloceratan Age . . 16, 19, 20, 49 — — , geography of 21-23 Canavarinan Age 19 capax cccxLix Capricomal Epoch 16 Cardioceras 38, 40, 41 Cardioceras cordatum ccclxxv, cdxx — goliathus cccLxi Cardioceratan Age . . . . 9, 48 Carixian Stage 12 Catacephalites 48, 54, cclxxxiii durus Catacoeloceras . . . . 49, CDXiii confectum catamorpha cdxiv Catasigaloceras . . . . 48, cdxvii planicerclus Caumontisphinctes 49 Ceratitoidic Period 15 cereale cclxxxvi Cerericeras . . . . 48, cclxxxvi cereale Chalcedoniceras . . . . 48, ccxcv chalcedonicum . . . . ccxcv Chanasian Stage 9 Charmouthian Stage 12 Chatillon, Mamas et Gres de . . 44 Chawley Beds, Berks . . . . 33, 36 Cheltenhamin (Cheltonian) Stage 13 Chidamu Beds (India) 33 childanum cdiv Christian Malford Beds . . . . 41 Chondroceras 49, ccclvii, cdxv grandiforme, wrighti Chronological analysis of genera 48, 50 Chronology 5 + circumplicatus hemera ^5, 43, 44 Clydoniceratan Age .. 11, 19, 20 Ch-neleish Beds 41 Coeloceras . . . . 49, cclxviii — blagdeni cccl 62 TYPE AMMONITES— IV Aug. Pages 6- Plates Coeloceras longalvum . . . . cccxiv comma cclxxxv confectum cdxiii conlaxatum cdxviii contejeani hemera 34, 45 Contracticone, dysomorph CCLXXVII b Corallian 8, 40, 41 cordatiforme cdxx Combrash 8, 10, 55 cornucopia cccxci Coronatal Epoch 16 Coroniceratan Age . . . . 16, 49 Coronate sphaeroceratid ccLxxviii Correlation tables 6-13, 26, 28, 29, 33-46 corrugata cdxii Cosmoceras grossouvrei . . cdxix — jason CDXIX — parkinsoni var. rarecostatum CCCLII COStulatoSUS CCCLXXXVI Cotteswold Sands 12 Cotteswoldia 56 Craspeditan Age . . 7, 16, 20, 25 Crassiplanulites 48 crassizigzag cccxxxv Creamy Limestones 6 Creche, Gres et Sables de la . . 44 Crendon Clay. . . . 26, 27, 29, 33, 36 Crendonites 48, cdi leptolobatus cricki hemera . . . . 35, 38, 43 Cromarty, sequence in . . . . 40 crucifer ccxcni Crucilobiceras 49 Crusol Beds 33, 34 Curf Beds, Portland 26 curtilobus ccxciv cymbites stage xxiii cymodoce hemera.. 35, 38, 43, 44 Cypholioceras 36 Dactylioceras 49 — crassum cdxiii daubenyi cccxi Deltoidoceras 56 Deposition, rate of 51 Deroceratan Age 16, 49 desideratus ccclxxxii desmonotus hemera . . 34, 42, 43 devillei hemera . . 26, 29, 46, 47 Dichotomoceras 37, 39, 40, 42, 48, 57 dichotomum hemera 35, 37, 39, 42, 57 difficilis cccxxix Dimorphinites . . 48, ccclxxvii dimorphus . . . . ccclxxvii Diplesioceras 48 dispansum cccxl Divesian Stage 9 Docidoceras 49, cclxxvi, cccxiv biforme, perfectum Dolikephalites 48, 54, ccclxxii dolius ccclxxii dorsoplanus hemera . . 33, 36, 37 Dumortierian Age, genera of . . 49 Dun Caan Beds 12 durus ccLXxxiii Dysomoiph contracticone cclxxvii Pages &■ Plates Eboraciceras 41, 48, cdv cadiforme Ebrayiceras 48, cccxxi vaschaldi Ehningin Stage 11 electum cccxciv Ely (Cambs) 33. 34 Emileia 49, cdxiv catamorpha Eningenian Stage 11 Epalxites 49 Epochs in chronology . . . . 15, 16 ernesti hemera 34 Erosion, hemerae and . . . . 24, 25 Erycites 49, cccxv sphaeroconicus Erycites fallax cccxv Esericeras 49 Estuarine Beds, Yorkshire . . . . 20 Ethie Beds (Scotland).. .. 34, 40 Euaptetoceras 49, ccxcix, cccxcvi euaptetum, infernense euaptetum ccxcix Eudmetoceras . . . . 49, cccxcvii prosphues eudoxus horizon . . 36, 38, 40, 43, 44 excentricus ccclxxix Exogyra virgula horizon . . 36, 37 Falaisin (Falaisian) Stage .. .. 11 Falciferal Epoch 16 Fascally Sandstones 41 — Shales 58 fastigatum cclxxx Fastigiceras 49 Fauna, richness of ammonite . . 51 Faunal analysis 18 — — and hemeral sequence 32 — provinces and diiferences 21-24 — succession 14 — — See also Sequences. Ferriby (N.) Boring 35 Filderin Stage 13 Filey Beds (Yorks) 34 Fissilobiceras . . . . 49, ccclxxxvii phlyctaenodes foUiformis cccxlviii Forest Marble 10 — — , no Ammonites in . . 20 fornicatus ccclxxviii Frechiella 49, xxiii a subcarinata Frogdenites 49 Fullers' Earth Clay and Rock . . 10 FuUonian Stage 10 fullonicus cccii Galbanites . . . . 30, 48, ccclv galbanus ccclv Galilaeanus 48, ccxciii crucifer Galilaeiceras . . . . 48, ccxc, ccxci galilaeii, trichophorum galilaeii ccxc Galilaeites . . 48, ccxciv, cccix curtilobus, indigestus Garantiana 48, ccclviii garantiana . . . . ccclviii Gaulter's Gap Beds . . . . 38, 40 Genera, chronological order of . . 48 1923 INDEX 63 Pages 6- Plates Genotypes, rectifications of . . 55 gibberulum cclxxviii Gigantitan Age 7, 16, 17, 19, 20, 26, 30, 48, 58 Gigantites 16, 30, 48 — hemera 26 Glaucolithites 16, 27, 48, cccvi glaucolithus glaucolithus cccvi — hemera 26 Glauconitic Beds . . . . t6, 26, 27 glottodes CDiii — hemera 58 Glottoptychinites . . . . 48, cdiii glottodes Goliathiceras 40, 48, CCCXLIX, CCCLXXX capax, microtrypa gorei hemera 26, 29 — , position of 17. 27 gowerianum ccLXxxvii Gowericeras . . 41, 48, cclxxxvii, CCLXXXVII,* CCLXXXVIII, CDIV childanum, gowerianum, planus, ventrale Gracilisphinctean Age . . 11, 19, 48 Gracilisphinctes 48 Grammoceratan Age, genera of . . 49 grandiforme ccclvii Graphoceras . . . . 49. ccclxxxviii scriptitatum Gravesia zieteni 45 Gravesian Age 7, 17, ^i. 38, 44, 45 gravesiana hemera . . 33, 38, 44 Great Oolite Series . . 10, 49, 50 Gulielmiceras . . 48 Gulielmites 48, cdxviii conlaxatum Gundershofin [Gundershofenian] Stage 13 Haddenham (Bucks) Building Stone 27 Hambleton Oolite 8 Hammatoceras 49 — amaltheiforme . . . . ccxcix — planinsigne ccclvi Hamulisphinctes 48 Haploceras fialar Beds . . . . 45 Harpoceratan Age, genera of . . 49 Harpoceratoid Ammonite . . ccclxii Hartwell Clay 6, 17, 26-30, 33, 36 Haselburgites 48 Haugian Age, genera of . . . . 49 hawskerense covin Headington Beds 40 Helmsdale, sequence at . . . . 43 Hemerae, erosion and . . . . 24, 25 Hemeral analysis 25 Hemeral system of chronologj' 18, 46, 47 Hen CliflF Beds 33, 38 Hesdin I'Abbe, Oolithe de. . .'.' 44 Hettangian Stage 12, 13 Hildaites 49, cclxvii serpentiformis Hildoceras serpentinus. . cclxvii Hildoceratan Age, genera of . . 49 Hildoceratoides 49 Pages &- Plates Hinton Sands 10 Hlawiceras 49 Homoeomorphs . . . . cccxxii c, cccxxvi — cccxxxii homoeomorphus . . . . cccxxviii Homoeomorphy 49 HomcEoplanulites . . 48, cccxxviii homoeomorphus Horton Beds 41 Hortoniceras 48, ccxcvi sidericum humphriesianum zone 50 hybonota hemera 33 Ickford Clays 37, 40 — , Serpulite Bed 35 Identification, methods of 48, 49, 55 Idoceras beds 45 imitator ccci imperator cccxliii Impressa-clay 45 indigestus cccix Inferior Oolite . . . . 10, 12, 50 infemense cccxcvi ingens 57 intermissum cccxxxix interpositum cdxix intemipta cccxxxvii irius hemera . . . . 33, 38, 44, 45 Jamesonites 49, cdvii reticulatus Jur — . (geogr. terms) 19, 21-23, 52 Kallilytoceras 49 Kallistephanus 49 Kamptokephalites 48, 54, cccxlvii kamptus cccxlvii Kellaways Clay and Rock 8, 24, 41, 55 Kelloway Rock 41 Kepplerites 48, cclxxxvi, cclxxxix keppleri cclxxxix Kimmeridge (Dorset), sequence at 38 — oil-shales ^7. ii Kimmeridgian strata . . 6, 30-46 Kintradwell Beds 40 kitchini hemera . . 38, 42, 43, 58 Kleistoxyites 49, cccxvii protusus Klematosphinctes 41, 48, cccxxxiii vemoni koenigi cclxxxi Koniakau Beds 7 korustes cclxxtv Korjrthoceras 48, ccclxi korjrs ccclxi Kosmoceras 41 Kosmoceratan Age . . . . 9, 48 Kosmoceratidas . . . . cclxxxvi Kranaosphinctes 40, 48 Kumatostephanus . . .. 49, cccxlv kumaterus cccxlv labrum cccl Labjrrinthoceras 49, cclxxviii, CCLXXIX amphilaphes, gibberulum lallerianum hemera . . . . 34, 44 lapideus cccxlii leptolobatus cdi — hemera 58 64 TYPE AMMONITES— IV Aug. Pages & Plates Leptosphinctes 49 Leucopetrites . . i6, 48, cccvii leucus leucus CCCVII — hemera 26, 58 Lias 12 Liparoceratan Age . . . . 16, 49 Lissoceras 49, cd semicostulatum Lissoceras oolithiciim CD Littlemore Sands 8 Littleworth Clays and Sands 26, 28 lobatus cccxxx lomonossovi hemera . . 33, 36, 44 Longa^viceras 48 Long Crendon (Bucks) 26, 27, 36 longispinum hemera 33, 36, 38, 44 lophopleurus cclxxxiv Loth (Sutherland) 34, 35 — , sequence at 43 Loth Point Bed 40, 43 Loth River Shales . . . . 40, 43 Ludwigella 56 Ludwigiau Age 16, 19, 20, 22, 49 Lusitanian strata 31 Lydistratites 48, cccliii lyditicus Lydite Bed 26, 27 h'diticus cccliii — hemera 26, 29 Lytoceras sublineatum. . . . cccxci — tripartitum . . . . cccxxii Maconin [Maconian] Stage . . 11 Macon, Bathonian of . . . . 49, 50 macrescens ccclxxvi IMacrocephaliceras 48, 54, cccxiii macrocephalum Macrocephalitan Age 9, 16-20, 48 Macrocephalites 48, 54, cccxxxiv verus Macrocephalites arcticus cclxxxiii — grantanus . . . . cclxxxiv — herveyi . . . . cccxlvii — macrocephalus . . . . cccxiii, cccxxxiv, ccclxxiii — morrisi . . . . cclxxiv, CCLXXXV, CCCLXXVIII — pila cccxLviii ■ — ■ typicus . . . . cccLxxii Sp CCCLXX — ■ range of 17 Macrocephalitidae 24, 54, cclxxxiii, CCLXXXIV macrocephalum cccxiii Madarites 48, cclxxi madaruK cclxxi Manselia 49. cdix austera Map, palaeogeographic . . Market Rasen Beds Marston ironshot bed . . marstonensis hemera . . martelli fauna, S. France Masckeites Matrices, in correlation Mazapilitan Age . . Mazapilites beds, hemerai megasthenes 35. 52 40 35 35 25 49 47 45 45 CCCV , 33. 33. Pages &■ Plates megasthenes hemera 26 Mendin Stage 13 Mexico, sequence in . . 33, 34, 45 microtrypa ccclxxx Midford Sands 12 Minchinhampton Beds . . . . 50 Minety (Wilts) 35, 58 mite cccLxxv Miticardioceras . . . . 48, ccclxxv mite moeschi hemera 34, 44 mollis cccxLiv Mollistephanus . . 49, cccxLiv mollis Montejunto 31. 35 Moqihoceras dimorphum cccLXXvii — polymorphum cccli, ccclxxvi Morphoceratid, serpenticone cccxxii morrisi cclxxiii Morrisiceras 48, 58, cclxxiv, cclxxxv comma, korustes Morrisites 48, cclxxiii, ccclxxviii fornicatus, morrisi Moulin Wibert 44 Mount Serra Beds 33 Murleyiceras 49, cccxvi aptum mutabilis hemera . . . . 34, 36, 38 Nannolytoceras 49, cccxxiii, cccxxiv pygmaum, subovale Nattheim Beds 33 Nautilus chalcedonicus . . ccxcv Nebrodites 45 Neumayria 45 Neumayriceras 48 niortensis hemera 54 nodatipinguis . . . . cccxcviii Non-sequence 16, 29 North Ferriby Boring . . . . 39, 40 CEcoptychoceras 48 Qicostephanus 49 ogivale cdxxi Okus Quarry Beds 29 Olcostephanus horizons . . . . 36 omphalicus cccxxvi Oomia Group (India) 33 Oppelia plicatella cccxvii — jjra^radiata ccciii opulentus ccclxxxiii Orbiculoidea latissima horizon . . 36 orthocera hemera 34, 44 Osses Ed 26, 30 Otoites 49 ovale hemera 35 Oxford Clav 8, 41 — Oolites 8 Oxfordian Stage 8, 9, 14 Oxyceritan Age .. 11, 19, 48, 50 Oxynoticeras 49 Oxynoticeratan Age . . . . 16, 49 Pachammatoccras 49 Paleogeography, Jurassic 18-23, 52, 53 pallasianus hemera 33, 36, 38, 44 Paltarpites 49, ccclxii paltus 1923 INDEX 65 Pages & Plates Paltopleuroceras 49, 56, CCCXCII, CDVIII bisulcatum, hawskerense paltus cccLXii Papilliceras 49 Paxavirgatitan Age 7, 17, 26, 37, 48 Paravirgatites . . 16, 28, 46, 47, 48 CCCVIII, CCCLXXXII desideratus, paravirgatus paravirgatus cccviii — hemera 26, 29 Parkinsonia . . 48, cccxxxvii, ccclii intemipta, rarecostata Parkinsonia rarecostata cccxxxvii Parkinsonian Age.. .. 11, 19, 48 Parkinsonites . . . . 48, cccii fullonicus patefactor cdx Patemorphoceras 48, cccli, ccclxxvi macrescens, patescens patescens cccli Pavloviceras 48 Pectinatites 48, cccliv, ccclxxxi aulacophorus, pectinatus pectinatus cccliv — hemera . . 26, 29, 46, 47 Pelecoceras 49 Pelekodites 49, cccxcix pelekus cccxcix Peltoceras 41 perfectum cccxiv Periods, division of 15 Perisphinctean Age . . . . 9, 45, 48 Perisphinctes . . 44, 48, 57, cclxxxii biplex Perisphinctes comptoni . . cccxxx — eastlecottensis . . 29, ccclxv — evolutoides . . . . cccxxvii — ■ gorei 27, 29, CDi — martinsi cccxxvi, ccclxvi — moorei ccclxxxvi — ■ pallasianus . . . . ccclxxxii — pseudomutabilis . cccxxxii — pygmaeum . . . . cccxxiv a — • rotundus . . . . ccclxxxiii, CCCLXXXIV — subbakeriae. . .. cccxxviii, cccxxix — • , Salzgitter Ironstone . . 16 Phanerosphinctes . . 48, ccclxxxvi costulatosus Phaulomorph cclxxvii phlyctaenodes ccclxxxvii Phricodoceras 49 Phymatoceras 49 Physodoceras 42 Physodoceratan Age 7. 33. 36. 37. 38. 43. 44. 45 Pictonia 42 — horizon . . ^j, 38, 40 pirondii ccciv Planammatoceras . . . . 49, ccclvi planiforme planicerclus cdxvii planiforme ccclvi planilobus cccxxvii Planisphinctes • . 48, cccxxvii planilobus Pages & Plates Phlyseogrammoceras . . 49, cccxl, cccxciv dispansum, electum Phlyseogrammoceras, genotype.. 56 Phylseogrammocera ^ . . . . cccxciv planula hemera . . . . 34, 45, 58 Planulatal Epoch . . . . 16, 33-44 Planulites . . 49, 56, cccxciii sulcatus planus cclxxxvii* plat\-gaster cclxxvii platynota hemera 34, 45 Pleurocephalites 48, 54, cclxxxiv, cccxlviii foll'formis, lophopleurus Pleurophorites 48, ccclxx, ccclxxi pleurophorus, polypleurus Pleydellia, genotype 56 Phensbachian Stage . . . . 12, 13 Poculisphinctes 48 Pcecilomorphus infemensis cccxcvi, cccxcvii politus hemera ^^, 45 poUubrum hemera 18 Polymorphitan Age 49 polj-plocus hemera . . . . 34, 45 Polysphinctites . . . . 48, cccxxii, polysphinctus, replictus polysphinctus cccxxii Polystephanus . . . . 48, cccxi dauben\-i Porpoceras 49 Port an Righ Beds i^, 40, 41, 42 Portgower Beds 40, 43 Portland, Gigantitan strata at 29, 30 Portland Sands 17 — Series 6 — — , chronology 26-30, 46 Portland-Purbeck non-sequence 16 praeclarus ccclxviii Pre-planorbis beds 12 princeps cccxcv prionodes hemera . . . . 35, 39, 42 Prionodoceras 42, 48, cdxxi, cdxxii ogivale, superstes Prionodoceras hemera . . 37, 39, 40 Prionodoceratan Age 7. 35. 37. 39. 42. 48 Procerites 4S, cdxvi tmetolobus projectifer cdxi Proniceras 45 Proniceratan Age . . . . 7, 16, 25, 48 Proplanulites . . 41, 48, cclxxxi, cccxxx, cccxxxi, ccclx, ccclxxix, arciruga, excentricus, koenigi, lobatus, trifurcatus Proplanulites koenigi . . ccclxxix Proplanulitan Age . . . . 9, 16, 48 Prorsisphinctes . . • . 48, cccxxvi omphalicus prosphues cccxcvii protrusus cccxvii Pseudobigotella 49 pseudocordatus hemera ^^, 37, 39 pseudogigas ccclxxxv Pseudogrammoceras 56 66 TYPE AMMONITES— IV Aug. Pages & Plates Pseudolioceras 49 pseudomutabilis hemera 34. 36, 37. 38, 43. 44. 45 Pseudovirgatitan Age 7, 16, 17, 33, 36, 38, 44 Pseudovirgatites 16, 17 — scruposus 17, 38 Psiloceras 49, cccxc aequabile Psiloceras planorbis . . . . cccxc Psiloceras, distribution of . . . . 21 Pterocerian Stage 7 Publication Details 59 Pudding Stones, Weymouth 33, 34 Purbeck Beds 6 puteale ccxcvii Putealiceras 48, ccxcvii puteale pygmaeuni cccxxiii Quenstedticeras tlexicostatum cccxxxix — ■ suthcrlandiffi cdv Questreques, Grcs et Calcaires de 44 rarecostata cccLii Kasenia . . 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44 Raseniaj hemeraj . . . . 35, 40, 44 Rasenian Age 7, 34, 36, 38, 42-45 Rauracian Stage 8 reductus ccclxxxiv Reineckeian Age 9 reparator ccclxvi rcplictus cccLix Retenticeras 49 reticulatus cdvii Reynesella 56 rhabdodes ccclxxiv Rhabdodites . . . . 49, ccclxxiv rhabdodes rhabdouchus ccc Rhynchonella sutherlandi Bed 40, 42, 43 Rhynchonelloidea thurmanni . . 41 Rhytostephanus 49 Ringstead Bay (Dorset) 33. 34. i5, 38, 40 Ringsteadia 39, 44, 48 Ringsteadian Age 9> 35. 37. 39. 44. 45. 48 Ross, sequence in 40 Rottorfin Stage 13 Rubbly Beds 6 rugifer cccxxxviii Rugiferites . . . . 48, cccxxxvni rugifer runcinatum cccxviii Rursiceras 48 Sa.gitticeras 48, cclxxx fastigatum Salzgitter Ironstone 16 Sandford Iron Bed 37 Sandsfoot Beds 34 Scarborougliin [Scarburgian] Stage 11 Schlotheiniia 49, cccxcv princeps Schlotheimia angulata . . . . cccxcv — intermedia cccxcv Scotland, sequence in . . . . 40, 46 scriptitatum . . . . ccclxxxviii Pages &■ Plates scruposus hemera . . 33, 36, 38, 44 scruposus horizon 17 Sequanian Stage 6, 7, 44 Sequences . . . . 27-29, 36-46 Serpenticone Morphoceratid cccxxii b, c Serpulite Bed, Brill 37 Sexual differences 55 Sherbornites 49, cdxi projectifer Sliotover, sequence at . . 28, 46 Shotover (beds) 6, 26-29, 1,^, 36, 37, 40, 58 sidericum ccxcvi Sigaloceras 48 silphouense ccclxiv Simotoichites 48, cdii siraus cdii Sinemurian Stage 12 Skirroceras 49 Skolekostephanus 49 Solenhofen Beds 33 Sonninia . . 49, ccxcviii, cdxii corrugata, propinquans Sonninia arenata . . . . ccclxxxvii — zurcheri cccxcix — , an alticarinate . . ccxcviii Sonninian Age .. .. 11, 1 6, 49 — palaeogeography of . . . . 22 Species, range of 49 Sphasroceras 49 Sphaeroceras gcrvillii . . . . ccclvii — wrighti cDxv Sphseroceratid, coronate cxlxxviii sphaeroconicus cccxv Sphasromorphites . . . . 48, ccclxvii sphajromorpJius . . ccclxvii Speeton Clay 6 Spilsby Sandstone 6 Stage names 6 — 13 Stegeostephanus . . . . 48, cccxii stegeus CCCXII Stephanoceras blagdeni . . . . cccl — coronatum . . . . cclxviii — crassizigzag ccc, cccxxxv — crassum cdxiii Sp CCCXLIV stephanoides hemera 34, 36, 42, 43 Stepheoceras 49, 50 Stepheoceratan Age 11, 19, 20, 49 — — , pala;ogeography of 22, 54 steraspis hemera 33. 45 Stewkley (Bucks) . . . . 33. 34, 36 Stewkley Sands 26 Stiphromorphites . . • . 49, cccxcviii nodatipinguis Stomphosphinctes 48 Stonesfield Slate 10 Stonesfieldin (Stonesfieldian) Stage 1 1 Stramberg Beds 33 Stratal terms 6-13, 26, 28, 33-46 Streblites 45 Strenoceras 49 Studley Beds 41 subcarinata xxiii a subcontractus cclxx sublaeve cclxxv 1923 IXDEX 67 Pages & Plates subovale cccxxrv subrotundum cccxix subsulcatum cccx sulcatus cccxciii superstes cdxxii — hemera . . 35, 37, 39, 40 Supra-Coralline Beds 8 Suspensites . . . . 48, 53, cccxlvi suspensus . . . . cccxlvi Sutherland, sequence in 40, 41, 43, 44 Sutherlandiceras . . 41, 48, cccxx albisaxeum suture-lines, importance of 49-51. 53. 55 S\\indon . . s3. 34. 35. 46, 58 — Clay 26 — , Lower Cemetery Beds . . 26 — . sequence at . . 28, 29, 46 S>Tnon Beds, Mexico 33 Teloceras 49, cccl labrum tenuilobatus hemera . . 34, 45 Terms, Chronologico-Stratigraphical 7—13 Thame Sands 26, 27 Thysanoceras . . . . 49, cccxci cornucopia Tiddington (Oxon) . . 3^, 36, 37 Tidemoor Point Beds 41 Titanites . . . . 16, 17, 30, 48 — hemera 26 Tithonian 7, 17, 24 Tmetokephalites 4S, 54, ccclxxiii bathytmetus tmetolobus cdxvi Toarcian Stage 12 tolype CDVi Toricelliceras . 4S, ccxcii, cccx, cccxviii, cccxix runcinatum, subrotundum, subsulcatum, toricellii toricellii ccxcn Toricellites . . . . 4^', cccxxxvi approximatus Tragophylloceras 49 Transversarius Beds (zone) 25, 45 tricophorum ccxci tricostulatus cccLxv trifurcatus ccclx Trilobiticeras . . . . 49, ccLxxvii platygaster Trinisphinctes . . 48, cccxxxii trinus cccxxxii trophon cccxxv Trophonites . . . . 30, 48, cccxxv, CCCXLIIX, CCCLXXXV imperator, pseudogigas, trophon Trophonites hemera 26 Trowbridge Beds 41 tula ccLxix Tulitan Age . . . . 11, 19, 20, 48 Tulites 48, ccLxviii, cclxix, cclxx cadus, subcontractus, tula Tulophorites 48, ccclxviii, ccclxix praeclarus, tulotus tulotUS CCCLXIX Tutchericeras 49 Uppat Sandstones 41 Pages t^ Plates uralensis hemera . . . . 35, 38, 43 vaschaldi cccxxi ventrale cclxxxviii Vermisphinctes . . . . 48, ccclxvi reparator vemoni cccxxxiii Vertebriceras 48 Vertumniceratan Age . . . . 9, 48 verus cccxxxiv Vesulian Stage 10 Victoriceras 49 Virgatal Epoch . . 16, 26, 33-44 — , chronology' of . . 25, 26 Virgatitan Age 7. 17 Virgatites 44, 45 Virgatites, ribbing of . . . . 16, 17 — Beds, Russia . . . . 17,33 Virgatosphinctes 17 — ribbing of 16 Virgulian Stage 7 Volgian Stage 7- 17. 33 Waagenia, Argiles a 45 Warren Farm Clay . . . . 33. 36 Wealden Beds 6 Wegener's theory 23 Weissermeliceras 48 Westbur\' Iron-ore 37 Wester Gart\-, sequence at . . 42 — — Beds 40 — — Boulder Bed . . 34. 35 Weymouth Clays 41 Wheatley (Oxon), sequence at 28, 37 Wheatley Sands 26, 28, 29, 37, 46 — Shales 36 Wheatle}-ites . . 28, 37, 4a, ccclxv, CCCLXXXIII, CCCLXXXIV opulentus, reductus, tricostulatus Wheatle\-ites hemera . . . . 26, 46 White Septarian Band . . . . 38 Witchellia 49, cdx patefactor Witchellia lae\-iuscu!a . . . . cdx Witchett Beds . . 16, 26, 29, 30 Woodside Clays 37 Wootton Bassett . . . . 35, 40, 58 wrighti CDXV Wurtemberg . . 21, 25, 30, 31, 33, 34 — sequence 45 Xeinophylloceras 49 Yeovil Sands 12 yo hemera 34, 44 zigzag hemera 50 Zigzagiceras .. 17, 48, 53, ccc, ccci, cccxxxv crassizigzag, moorei, rhabdouchus Zigzagiceras sp cccii Zigzagiceras pollubrum hemera.. 18 Zigzagiceratan Age II, 17, 19, 20, 48, 50 Zigzagites 48, ccci imitator zugium 38, cccLXxxix Zugokosmokeras . . . . 41, 48, ^S, CCCLXXXIX, CDXIX interpositum, zugium Zugophontes 49, cccxLi zugophorus CCCXLI /S 192.. TYPE AMMOMl HS—IV XXIII A Fie;. , Fisr. I X 1-9 FrIXHIELLA cf. SUBCARIXATA ; S. BUCKMAN, I()22, cit. SpeC. O.J.G.S., LXX\III, 44b, § VIII, D derived? ; "Watton Cliff, Eype, Dorset; Junct. Bed"; S.B. Coli. 3903, pres. Mr. Jas. F. Jackson (56S4) S. S75, — , 03, — ; 17. 50, 53, 20-5 ; a. Cymbites stage, venter rounded b. Venter angulate ; c. venter subcarinate, no furrows FRECHIELLA SUBCARIXATA, Young lite " (shelly. ooUtici ; S.B., ex J- B.. Coll. 21S2 ^ 77- 37- ^3. 35 ; 1-5- -^3 ^'J. 35 ; max. c. iho TULITES CADUS, S. Buckman, III, 45 Tulitan. Ti:Iitcs iBathian, morrisi ; Holot\"pe 192^ I ' YPE . 1 MM OM I 'ES~ I V CCLXVllI B " CcELOCERAS SP." (" Stet>hanoa:ras m.f. coronatiim Schlottheim, Bruguiere " Siemiradzki, 1882. II, 255 ; fig. '2'\, 256) j>Iinchinhampton ; Shelly Beds] ; S.B. C0II/2182. Cf. CLXIV TULITES CAUUS, S. Buckmax. Ill, 45 Tulitan, Titlites (Bathian niorrisi) ; Holotype 1922 TYPE A MMOX I TES—l V CCLXVIII c Fior. I Fl£. '■ Ammonites subcontractus " " Xear Sherborne, Dorset," [Milbome Wick, Somerset" " Fullers' Earth Rock " ^lilbome Beds] ; S.B., ex Darell, Coll. 2760 S- 53. 3^. 93. 34 ; 7-. 36, S9, 35 ; max. c. 155 TULITES CADUS, S. Buckman, III, 45 Tulitan, I'ulitcs (Bathian, morrisi) ; Paratype 1922 TYPE A MMOM THS- 1 1 ' CCLXIX Fig. I Fig. 2 ■■ Ammonites subcontractus " " Near Sherborne. Dc^rset '" 'Milbonic \\"ick, Somcr>et"^ '• Fullers' Earth Rock •• [Milbome Beds' ; S.B.. ex Darell. Coll. 1263 S. 56, 38, Q3, 37 ? ; 80, 40, 73, 35 ; q8, 34'5. 40, 38'3 ; size and max. 100 TULITES TULA. S. Buckmax. Ill, 45 Tulitan, Tiilitts i^Bathian, morrisi) ; Genotype. Holotype. Sec CCLXMII 1922 TYPE A MMOM TES—I V CCLXX Fis:. r Ammonites subcoxtractus, Morris (lie Lycett, 1850, S\Titvpe Moll. G. O., p. II (pars) ; PI. 11, f. i. " Minchinhampton, Glos " Great Oolite," [Shelly Beds], (shelly, ooUtic) ; Geol. Surv. Engl. 25610 S. 49, 37, 80, 34 ; 86, 35. 51, 35 ; max. 90 ; mouth TULITES SUBCONTRACTUS, Morris & Lycett sp. TuHtan, Tuliies (Bathian, morrisi) ; Lectotype, III, 45. See CCLXIX 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—J V CCLXXI A Fig. 2 Fig. I Ammonites subcontractus, Morris & Lycett, 1850, Svntvpe Moll. G.O. p. II (dimensions) ; PI. 11, f. la (pars) ; " Minchinhampton' Geol. Surv. Engl. 25615 ; S. 76, 41, S2, 30-5 ; 123, 3b, 57. ^^ Max. c. 130. Fig. 2, from squeeze of umbilicus MADARITES MADARUS, S. Bickm.w, III, p. 46 Tulitan, Madariks (Bathian, subcontractus) ; Genotype, Holotype 1922 TYPE A MMOMTES-'I V CCLXXI B ^ Ammonites subcontractus, Morris Cc Lycett, 1S50, Syntype " Minchinhampton, (xlos ; (ireat Oolite " [below Shelly Beds] Matrix hard, i^revish-fawn coloured, non-oolitic limestone Geol. Survey" Engl. Coll. 25615. Cf. CCLXVIll MADARITES MADARUS, S. Blckman, III. 46 Tulitan Miuia rites (Bathian, subcontractus) ; Genotype, Holotype 1922 TYPE A MMOXI TES—I V CCLXXII A X 0-62 Ammonites bullatus ; Lycett, 1S63, Fig. Spec. Moll. G.O., Sup., 4 ; XXXI, i ; " near Tiltups Inn, Xailsworth, Glos "Great Oolite"; Geol. Surv. England (Lycett Coll.), 25620 S. 100, 48, 53 4-, 19 ; 17Q, 34, ^^, 39 ; max. 183. R. restored BULLATIMORPHITES BULLATIMORPHUS, S. Buckman. Ill, 47 Tulitan, Bitllatimorphites (Bathian, morrisi) ; Genotype, Holotype 1922 TYPE A MMOXITES—I V CCLXXII B X o•^^ Ammonites bullatus ; Lvcett, 1S03, Fig. spec. Moll. Great Oolite, Supplement p. 4 ; PI. xxxi, tig. i " Xear Tiltups Inn, two miles south of Xailsworth, Gloucestershire " G. 0." a whitish, weathering ochre, hard cryst. limest.. feebly oolitic BULLATIMORPHITES BULLATIMORPHUS, S. Blckman, III, 47 Tulitan, Bitllati»wrphites (Bathian, morrisi) ; Genotvpe. Holotype 1922 TYPE AM MOM TES—I V CCLXXllI Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites m.^crocephalus. var., Morris Ov: Lycett, 1S50, Fig. spec. Moll. ('i.O. 12 : II, 3; Am. morrisi. Oppel, 1S57, Juraf. 478. Holotype ■ Near Minchinhampton ; G.O." ; "base of," Lvcett. Sup., Id., 1S63, 121 G.S.E., iLycett Coll.), 25617 : S. 61, 45, 66, 15 ; max. c. S5 4- ; III, p. 49 MORRISITES MORRISI, Oppel sp. Tulitan. Morrisites (Bathian, morrisi) ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CLXVII 1922 TYPE AMMOXITES—IV CCLXXIV Fig. 2 Fig. I " Macrocephalites morrisi " Somerset ; Fullers' Earth [Rock]," cream col., somewhat ironshot J.W.T. Coll. ; S. 44, 41, 73, 25 ; 59, 49, 79, 21 ^ize 03 mm. ; max. c. 70. See CLXVII MORRISICERAS KORUSTES. S. Buckman. Ill, p. 48 Tulitan, Monisictras (Bathian, morrisi) ; Holotvpe 1922 TYPE A MMOXI TES—I I CCLXXV Fig. 2 Fig. I F'?- 3 Ammonites subl.evis. J. Sowerby, 1S14. Chorotypc M.C. I, 117 ; Liv, S.E. n?., lectot. bv exclus., ct. Eudes Deslon?. iSSo j6 " KeUawavr>. \\"iltshi:e : Kell.Rock ie)' ' ; J. W. Tutcher Coll.' S. 47, 40/5S, — ; »:»5, 30, So, 25-5; 27 ribs. Ct. CCLXXU" CADOCERAS SUBL.E\"E. J. Sowerby sp. Proplanulitan, Crassiplan-.tlius ^Calloxian, c^iUovUnse) 1922 TYPE A MMONITES—I V CCLXXVI Fig. I Fig. 2 " Ammonites dimorphus p'Or.," Wright Lab Wright's holograph. [Half-wav House, Compton, Dor-^etl 1 1.0., blue beds] ; S.B. Coll. 909, purch. ex Wright Coll. b. 40, 34, 62, 35 ; 52, ^3, 52, 41 ; 06, 29, 40, 4(3 ;■ max. 09 ^ . DOCIDOCERAS BIFORME, xov. bonnmian, Eiidnu^toceras (Bajocian, discites) ; Holotype. See CCLXU' 1922 TYPE AMMONITES— IV CCLXXVII A Fig. Fig. I F'g- 3 s^i^ifc* X i-s A cadicone phaulomorph Bradford Abbas, Dorset ; Inf. OoL, Foss. Bed rmiddlei S.B. Coll. 3092 ; S. 10-5, -, 108, - ; 18-5, 36-5, go, -2,1-=,. See CXL TRILOBITICERAS PLATYGASTER. xov. Sonninian, EiidnuHoceras (Bajocian, discites) ; Holotype 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCLXXVII B Fig. 2 Fijr. I Fig- 3 A dysmorph contracticone Bradford Abbas, Dorset, Inf. Ool., Foss. Bed "middle" S.B. CoU. 3093 I S. iS-5, 36-5, 87, 36-5 ; 25, 28, 56, 44 See CXL ; d, dysmorphy TRILOBITICERAS PLATYGASTER, xov. Sonninian, Eudtmtoceras (Bajocian, discitcs) ; Paratype 1922 TYPE AMMOXITES—IV CCLXXVIII Fig. 1 Fig. 2 A coronate Sphaeroceratid Dundrv, Somerset ; Inf. Oolite, Ironshot Bed Fbase^ S.B. CoU. 3313 ; S. (18-5, 43, 98, 18) ? ; 30-5, 40, 96, i8.' See CCXIV LABYRIXTH0CERA5 GIBBERULUM, xov. Sonninian, Labyrinthou-ras (Bajocian, sauzei) ; Holotype 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCLXXIX Fig. 2 " Ammonites brongniarti " Dundry, Somerset ; Inf. Ool.," [White Ironsh. Ironshot" S.B.! ex. T. Stock, Coll. 3^15; S. 35, 48, 106, 13 S. 48, 41-5, 104, 14. Max. c. 65. See CCLXXVIII LABYRINTHOCERAS AMPHILAPHES, xov. Sonninian, Lahyrinthowras (Bajocian, sauzei) ; Holotvpe 7922 TYPE AMMOMIF.^—n CCLXXX Fig. I FiS. 2 Ammonitks vertlmnus " St. Ives, Hunts ; Oxf. Clay," grey argillaceous matrix J.W.T. Coll. S. 51, 44, 49 (43)", ^^ ; max. c. 55. See CCLX SAGITTICERAS FASTIGATUM, S. Buckman. 1920. III. p. 19 Cardioceratan, Sagittia-ras (Argovian, Y)ve-Goliathiceras) ; Holotvpe 1922 TYPE AMMOXITES—IV CCLXXXI Fig. Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Ammonites koemgi, J. Sowerby, 1820, Topotype ? (Min. Conch. Ill, 113 ; cclxiii, 3) ; " Rampisham, Dorst-t "Oxf. CI." Ktll. CI. (a) ; Geol. Surv. Engl., ex DareU CoU.. 76S8 S. 57, 41, ^^ (30), 30 ; 18 ribs ; size 66 mm. ; max. c. 108, III, p. 36 PROPLAXULITES KOEXIGI, J. Sowerby sp. Proplanulitan, majcsticus (Callovian, koenigi). See CCLII 1922 TYPE \MM0MTES—1V CCLXXXII Fig. 2 Fig. I Am.MOMTES BIPLF.X. J. SOWERBY Headington Quarry, O.xfordshire ; Corallian. "Shell Bed' Magdalen Coll. Pit. " top of lowest course," Ouarryman ; S.B. Coll. 3555 ^- 57- 3^. >. 4^ ; S(^'5. 3.'>'5. V~'d, A^b \ 49 ribs ; size 96 PERISPHIXCTES BIPLEX. J. Sowerbv sp. 1S21. See III, 27 Perisphinctean, marklli (Argovian. maylelli). Cf. C XXXIX 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCLXXXIIl Fie. I Fig. 2 Macrocephalites cf. ARCTicus, Xewton " South Cave, S. Yorks ; Kellaways Rock," siliceous, ironshot Mr. Frank Fetch Coll. ; S. 33, 45, 72, — ; 44, 45-5, 65, 22 + - Size 51 ; ribs 22 ; max. c. 55. Fam. Macrocephalitidae, nov. CATACEPHALITES DURUS, nov. Macrocephalitan, Catacephalites ; Genotype ; Holotype. Cf. CCLXXIII 1922 TYPE AMMONITES— IV CCLXXXIVa X 0-96 " Macrocephalites grantanus " [Chippenham Wiltshire ; lowest Kell. Clay], Ught blue clay J.W.T. Coll. S. 82, 42'5, 76, 23 ; 114, 44, 63, 28 Ribs 39 ; max. c. 120. Fam. Macrocephalitidae PLEUROCEPHALITES LOPHOPLEURUS, nov. Macrocephalitan, Pleurocephalites ; Genot}-pe, Holot}'pe 1922 TYPE AMMONITES— IV CCLXXXIVb X 096 " Macrocephalites grantan-us " [Chippenham, Wiltshire] ; hght blue clay J. W. Tutcher Coll. S. 114, 44, 63, 28. Cf. CCLXXXIII PLEUROCEPHALITES LOPHOPLEURUS, Nov. Macrocephalitan (Callovian, pre-majesticus) 1922 TYPE AMMONITES— IV CCLXXXV Fig. 2a Fig. I Fig. 2 " MaCROCEPHALITES MORRISI "' ' Shepton Montague, Somerset ; Fullers' Earth Rock Gre\4sh ochre, somewhat shelly stone ; J.W.T. Coll. S- 51. 50'5> 69-5, (4 ?) ; gi, 40, 45, 23 ; max. c. 95 MORRISICER.\S COMMA, xov. Tulitan, Morriceras; Holotype. See CCLXXIV 1922 TYPE AMMONITES— IV CCLXXXVI Fig. I Fit " Ammonites macrocephalus " ; Kepplerites, S.B., 1921 III, 54 ; (near Witney, Oxon ; Middle] " Cornbrash, "calcareous Shelly, iron-specked and stained ; Univ. Coll. Nottingham (Dr. Codd C. S. 49, 44, 57, 23-5 ; 84, 44, 52, 22-5 ; max. c. 125 ; Kosmoceratidae CERERICERAS CEREALE, nov. Macrocephalitan, Cerericeras ; Genotype, Holotype 19. I y I'll AMMoMI lis n CCLXXWll* Vis. I Fisj. lb Fig. la Ammonites goweriants Brora, ^utlierland", Root" of the Coal " ; G.S.E. (ex Geol. Soc), 71S8 S. bi, 41. 52, 30 ; 86, 37, 44, 32 ; max. c. 95 ^The holotype of A. goit'criamis is in British Mus. (X.H.), 43917J COWERICERAS PLANUS, xov. Proplanuhtan, )naicsiicits ; Holotvpe. See CCLI\' 1922 TYPE AMMONITES— IV CCLXXXVIII " Ammonites gowerianus " [Chippenham], " \\'iltshire " ; Oxf. CI. " 'Kellawavs Clay (a)] Geol. Sun-. Engl, 30460; S. 47, 38, 55. 30 ; 61/43, 52, 29-5 S. 80, 34, 41, 37-5 ; max. c. 85. See CCLXXXVII GOWERICERAS \'EXTRALE, xov. ProplanuUtan, majesticus ; Holot\-pe 1922 TYPE AMMOXirES—IV Fig. I CCLXXXIXa Fig. 2a Fig. 2 Ammonites keppleri, Oppel, 1862, Syntype Pal. Mitth. Ill, Ceph., p. 151. " Ehningen bei Pfullingen," " Wurttemberg ; Kelloway Gruppe, z. Am. macroccphalus" S. 67, 50, 52, 18 ; 20 ribs ; 116, 41, 44, 23 : (130, 39 ? 41-5 ? 30) KEPPLERITES KEPPLERI, Oppel sp. (lectotype ? T.A. Ill, p. 54) Macrocephalitan, Kepplerites (Callovian, macrocephalus) ; Genolectot\-pe 1922 TYPE AMMOyiTES—IV CCLXXXIX B Fig. I Fig. Fig. 2a Ammonites keppleri, Oppel, 1862, Synt}-pe " Original ex. pag. [151] Ehningen," written on specimen " Kell. Gr., z. Am. macroceph. ; matrix, dark, hard, limonitic Pal. Mus., Munich (Oppel Coll.) ; max. c. 180 ; d.L, relics, dorsal lobes KEPPLERITES KEPPLERI, Oppel sp. Macrocephalitan, Kepplerites. Cf. CCLXXXMI 1922 TYPE AMMOXITES—IV CCXC Fig- 3 Fig. I a Fig. 4 Fig. Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites galilaeii, Oppel, iSb2, Holotype III, 152 ; " Chippenham ; Kell."' 'R. base], grey grit, Lam., Gastr. Clav lump, in b. ch. ; Munich Mus. ; in whorls, lat. oni. 5** S. 27, 44, 44, 26 ; 52, 42, 46, 25 ; 85. 42, 49, 25 ; max. c. 125 (Fig. 5, Macrocephalite (S. 35, 48, 40, — ) ? ; ;.ir, in. whorls displaced) GALILAEICER.\S GALILAEII, Oppel sp. Proplanulitan, Galilaeiceras; Genotype. Cf. CCLXXXIX 1922 TYPE . I MMOXITE>~IV CCXCI Fig. I Fig. 2a Fi< Ammonites gowerianus ; H. B. Woodward, 1895, cit. spec. Mid. Ool. Engl. ; Mem. Geol. Surv. ^'. 30 ; " S.W. of Little Somerford, " Malmesbun-, Wilts ; Kell. Rock >] " ; Geol. Sun-. Engl. 4745 S. 42, 46, 45, 28-5 ; 79, 42/41, 28 ; max. c. 85 GALILAEICERA5 TRICHOPHORUM, nov. Proplanulitan, Crassiplaniilites ; Holotvpe. See CCXC 1922 T YPE A MM ON I TES—I V CCXCII Fig. 2 Fig. r Fig. 2a Ammonites toricellii, Oppel, 1862, S\Titvpe Pal. Mitth. Ill, 153 ; '" Ehningen, Wiirttemberg ; Kell. Gruppe Z. Am. macroceph. " ; brownish marl, ironshot ; Pal. Mus. Munich S. 29, 43, 46-5, 31 ; 51, 39, 43, 33 ; c. 28 ribs ; max. c. 65 TORICELLICERAS TORICELLII, Oppel sp. Macrocephalitan, Kepplerites ; Genotype, Lectotype. Cf. CCXCI 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCXCIII Fig. I Fig. 2 " Ammonites gowerianus " [Kellaways,] " Wiltshire ; Kellaways Rock ; hard, blue quartz grit Geol. Surv. Engl. (" pres. Earl of Enniskillen "), 25692 S. 67. 44, 49, 24 ; 112, 34-5, 46, 34-5 ; max. 112 GALILAEAXUS CRUCIFER, Nov. Proplanulitan, Crassiplanulites ; Genot}'pe, Holotype. Cf. CCXC 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCXCIV Fig. I Fig. 2 " Ammonites gowerianus " Kellaways, Wilts ; Kell. R. (brown, with Ornithcila in b.-ch. Geol. Surv. Engl. 25691 ; S. 60, 38, 42, 27 S. 81, 42, 40, 30 ; S. 104, 30, 34-5, 38-5 ; max. c. 135 ? GALILAEITES CURTILOBUS, xov. Proplanulitan, opimiis; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCXCIII 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCXCVa Fig. 3 Fig. 2 Fig. I Ammonites chalcedonicus Horspath, near Oxford ; Lower Calcareous Grit, [upper part S.B. Coll. 3601, loose on stone heap ; S. (312, — , 45, — ) ? ; max. c. 410 (Fig. 3, S\-nthetograph s.l., CCXCVa + b + surmise) CHALCEDOXICERAS CHALCEDOXICUM, Young cV Bird sp. Cardioceratan, Vertehriceras ; Genotype. Cf. CLVI 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCXCV B Fie:. la Fig I Fig. lb X 034 Nautilus chalcedonicus, Young C!c Bird, 1S2S, Holotype " Oolite, Thornton, Yorkshire ; Mr. \Vm. Clark [Scarborough] " Whitby Museum 12S0 ; S. 205, 52, 46 (17) S. 29S, 56, 4O, 12 ; 353, 50, 36, 18-5 CHALCEDOXICERAS CHALCEDONICUM, Young cv Bird sp Cardioceratan, Vcrtehriceras 1922 TYPE AMMOXITES—IV CCXCVc X 0-37 Nautilus chalcedonicus. Young Cs: Bird, 1S28, Holotype Geol. Yorks. 271, 2j2 : " Thornton, Yorkshire ; "CoraUian] Oohte " Hard blue-grev hmest. (" Mid. Calc. Grit, Hard blue rock " Blake & Hudl., Q.j.G.S. XXXIII, 342, §— , Bed [5]) ; Whitby Mus. 12S0 CHALCEDOXICERAS CHALCEDOXICUM, Young «i- Bird sp. Condioceratan, I 'crtcbriceras 7922 TYPE A MMOXI TES— 1 1 rcxcvi Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites goliathus Horton Brickyard, Horton-cum-Studley, Oxfordshire Up. Oxf. CL, near surface : limonitic cast ; S.B. Coll. 3498, purch. 5- 30, 43. 37' -3'5 : 55. 46"5. 58, 27 ; max. c. 130 ? HORTOXICERAS SIDERICUM, xov. Cardioceratan, cardia ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CLVI 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCXCVII Viii. I I"ig- 3 Fie- 2 Ammonites putealis, Leckenby, 1859, Holotype Q.J.G.S. XV, II ; II, 3 ; " The Castle Rock, Scarborough, Yorkshire " (" Near Gristhorpe Bay," lab. on spec.) ; " Kell. R.," grey, few large ool. Sedg. Mus., Cambr. ; S. 38, 39, 33, 33 ; max. c. 45" Ribs 5** PUTEALICERAS PUTEALE, Leckenby sp. \'ertumniceratan, vertummis ; Genot\^pe 1922 T \ ' PK A M MOMTES—I I ' CCXCVIII ^-^'"^ An alticarinate Soxninia [Sandford Lane], " near Sherborne, Dorset, Inf. Ool. [Foss. Bed, top part] ; S.B., ex DareU Coll., 1093 S. 63, 41, 31, 31 ; 126, 43, 25, 29 ; max. c. 180 SOXXIXIA PROPIXQUAXS, Bayle sp., 1878 Sonninian, saiizei. Cf. CL 1922 TV pi: . 1 MMOXITES~I V ccxrix l-'g- i I-'ig. 2a reversed Fig. 2 dorsal lobes Fig. I Hammatoceras amaltheiforme ; S. Buckman, 1889, cit. spec. O.J.G.S. XL\', 6b I ; Bradford Abbas, Dorset Inferior Oolite, coiicavittn zone ; S.B. Coll. 568 S. 55, 42, 31, 29 ; 122, 48, 22, 22 ; max. c. 165 EUAPTETOCERAS EUAPTETUM, xov. Sonninian, Emimetoccras ; Genotype, Holotvpe. Cf. CCLXXIX 1922 TYPE AMMOXITES~IV CCC a Fig. la Fig. 2 Fig. 1 Stephanoceras crassizigzag Grange Quarry', Broad Windsor, Dorset; I.O. "top beds S.B., ex Darell, Coll. 1157 ; S. 65, 3b, 49, 40 S. 108, 35, 46, 34 ; max. c. 195. See CCLIX ZIGZAGICERAS RHABDOUCHUS, xov. Zigzagiceratan, poll u brum ; Holotype 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—rV CCCb Fig. I rig. 2 Stephanoceras crassizigzag Broad Windsor, Dorset ; S.B., ex Darell, Coll. 1157 Fig. I. Secondary ribs appear to break up into costulae ZIGZAGICERAS RHABDOUCHUS, xov Zigzagiceratan, poll k brum ; Holotype 1922 TYPE AMMOXITES—IV i-ig I CCCb* Fig. 2 StEPHANOCERAS CRA5SIZIGZAG Broad Windsor, Dorset ; S.B., ex Darell, Coll. 1157 Fig. I. Secondary ribs appear to break up into costulae ZIGZAGICERAS RHABDOUCHUS, xov. Zigzagiceratan, pol lit brum ; Holotype 1922 TYPE A MMOMTES—I V CCCi Fig. I X o- 7j Fig. X o 83 " ZiGZAGICERAS cf. MOOREI ; XeUMAYR SP." " Rv. X. of Trov Farm, Fritwell, 'Oxon, Bed 20 (k 1)," 'uagneri' (Brach. Nam. ; Pal. Ind., n.s., Ill (2), 1918, 236) ; G. S. Engl. 30328 S. 123, 37-5, 36, 33-5 ; 190, 35-5, ^3, 37 ; c. 35 ribs ; max. c. 330 ZIGZAGITES IMITATOR, Nov. Zigzagiceratan, imitator ; Genotype, Holotvpe. Cf. CCC W22 TYPE . I MMOM TES—I I ' CCCII Fig. 2a N.s. Fig. I X o ZiGZAGicERAS sp., L. Richardson', iqio, cit. spec. Proc. Geol. Assoc. XXI, 426, § 'i", 1, " top ; Combe Hay, Bath " Fullers' E., Ostrea knorri " ; Geol. Sur\'. E. (L. R. Coll.) 26985 S. 126, 38, 33, 32-5 ; 30 ribs ; S. 185, 37, 28, 35 ; max. c. 250 PARKIXSOXITES FULLOXICUS, xov. Zigzagiceratan, fiiUoniciis ; Genotype, Holotvpe. Cf. CCCI 7922 TYPE A MMOXITES—IV CCCII* Fig. 23. x.s. Fig. I X o 72 Fig. 2 X 0-6 ZiGZAGICERAS SP., L. RiCHARDSON, IQIO, cit. SpeC Proc. Geol. Assoc. XXI, 426, § T, 1, " top ; Combe Hay, Bath " Fullers" E., Ostrea knorri " ; Geol. Surv. E. (L. R. Coll.) 26985 S. 126, 38, 33, 32-5 ; 30 ribs ; S. 185, 37, zS, 35 ; max. c. 250 PARKIXSOXITES FULLOXICUS, nov. Zigzagiceratan, //?//o«u;/s ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCCI 1922 I V PE A MMOM TES—I V CCCIII Fig. 2 Fig. I Fig. 2a Oppelia pr.eradiata Stoford ; Somerset ; I.O., sanzci (O.J.G.S. XLIX, 1893 P. 484, §1, 10) ; S.B. Coll. 3654 ;^S. 121, 57, 24-5, 10-5 ^lax. c. 335 ; mark of nearly another whorl AMBLYOXYITES AMBLYS, nov. Sonninian, sauzei ; Genotype, Holotype 1922 TYPE A MMOM TES—1 1 CCCIV .r^r^ " CaLOCERAS JOHNSTON! " Racistock Cirove, Radstock, Som. ; Lower Lias, johnstoni z. J. \V. Tutcher Coll. ; S. 76, 18, 17 +, 63 S. 100, 16-5, 17, 07-5 ; max. c. 103. See XVII CALOCERAS PIROXDII, Reynes sp. 1S7M Caloceratan, johnstoni ; (Reynes, iii, 29, 30, lectotvpe) 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCCN'a X oig Ammonites giganteus Haddenhani, Bucks : Portlandian, Glauc. Stone Bed S.B. Coll. 3410, pres. Mr. Spencer Jackson S- 607, 33. 27, 45 ; c. 60 ribs ; b.-ch. with mouth BEHEMOTH MEGASTHEXES nov. Behemothan, mt-gasthows ; Genotype, Holotype. Ct". CCLMI 1922 TYPE . 1 MMOMTES—I V CCCV A* X OIO Ammonites giganteus Haddenham, Bucks ; Portlandian, Glauc. Stone Bed S.B. Coll. 3410, pros. Mr. Spencer Jackson S, 607, T,^, 2j, 45 ; c. 60 ribs ; b.-ch. with mouth BEHEMOTH MECrASTHEXES xov. Behemothan, megastlieues ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCLVII 1922 TYPE AMMOXITES—IV CCCVb X 026 Ammonites giganteus Haddenham, Bucks ; Works X. of Station, tioor of engine-house Hard stone with green specks, cf. Glauc. St., Long Crendon S.B. Coll. 3410 ; S. 390, ^2. iS, 45 ; 44 ribs ; max. 607 BEHEMOTH MEGASTHENES, S. Buckman Behemothan, megasthenes ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCLMI 1922 TYPE AMMOXITES—IV CCCVI A X 0-46 Ammonites bononiensis Long Crendon, (X.W. end), Bucks ; Portl., Glauc. Stone S.B. Coll. 3662 ; S. 165, 32, 40, — ; 271, ^^, 35, 48 Max. c. 475 ; EL, 67, Li, 79, L2, 56 per cent, at 66 mm. GLAUCOLITHITES GLAUCOLITHUS, Nov. Behemothan, glaii eolith u s ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCCV 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCCVI B X osG Ammonites bononiexsis Long Crendon (X.W. end), Bucks ; Portlandian " The Stone Bed, Building Stone," Glauconitic, hard stone Partly green, partly blue, 2i — 3ft. thick; S.B. Coll. 3662 GLAUCOLITHITES GLAUCOLITHUS, S. Buckman Behemothan, glaucolithns ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCC\' 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCCVII A Ammonites bononiensis Long Crendon (N.W. end), Bucks ; Portl., Glauc. Marl S.B. Coll. 3503, pres. Mr. A. J. Webb ; S. (244, 30, 34, 47) Max. c. 425 ; EL. 50, Li, 34, L2, 33 per cent, at 66 mm. LEUCOPETRITES LEUCUS, nov. Behemothan, leiiciis ; (jenotype, Holotype ; Cf. CCCA'I 1922 TYPE AMMOMIES—IV CCC\'II B Fig. 2 Fig. I Ammonites bonoxiexsis Long Crendon (X.W". end), Bucks ; Purtlandian " Rubbly Beds,"' " (ireen Bed," Glaiiconitic Marl Caps the Glaiiconitic Stone Bed ; S.B. Coll. 3503 LEUCOPETRITES LEUCUS, S. Blckmax Behemothan, Iciiciis ; Genotype, Holotype ; Ct. CCC\'l 7922 TYPE A MMOXI TES—I V CCCVIII Fu X 091 Fig. I X 091 Ammonites biplex Sandpit near Watenvorks, Shotover, Oxford ; Shotover Grit Sands Dogger c. 20 ft. down ; S.B. Coll. 2044 ; max. c. 220 S- 16S, ^^, ^2, 46 ; c. ^^i ribs : EL, 31, Li, 31, L2, 20 at 34 "i"!- PARAVIRGATITES PARAVIRGATUS, xov. Paravirgatitan, pamvirgatiis ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCCVII 1922 I YPK AMMO.M n:S~I\' (I (Mil 15 Fl2 I Fk Ammonite? biplex [Swindon, Wilts : Portlandian' : Lydite Bed. brown. Lower L.B. J. \V. Tutcher Coll. : S. 24. 34. 34. 3b : 375. 33, 33-5. 3b Ribs 31 ; size c. 40 ; EL, c. 42, Li, c. ^2, Lz. c. 24 at 12-3 mm. PARAVIRGATITES PARAVIRGATUS, S. Bi ckman Para\"irgatitan, paravirgatiis 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCCIX Fig. I mm Wk .^ ^"^^W s •% V ^' Fie. 2a Fig. 2 Ammonites gowerianus, Leckexby, 1859, Plesiotvpe Q.J.G.S. XV, 9 ; I, ib-d ; Scarborough, Yorks ; Kell. R. Brow-n sandst., drab and cream ool. gr. ; Sedg. M., Cambridge S- 22, 43, 45, 34 ; 30, 40, 43, 30 ; 55, 39, 43, 3i ; size 55 ; max. c. GALILAEITES IXDIGESTUS, nov. Proplanulitan, opimiis ; Holotype. See CCXCII // 1922 TYPE AMMOXITES—IV CCCX Fig. la X 2 Fig. 2 F.g. 3 Fig. I Ammonites toricellii, Oppel, 1S62, Syntype Pal. Mitth., Ill, 153, " Ehningen, Wiirt. ; Kell. Gr., z. Avi. macroc." Brown hard marl, limonitic ; Pal. M., Munich (Oppel Coll.) S. 14, 36, 45, 34 ; 2^, 37-5, 37-5, 35 ; 25 ribs ; max. c. 31 Lat. orn. i, 5*, 5**, 5* ; venter subsulc, costate. edges tuberc. TORICELLICERAS SUBSULCATUM, nov. Macrocephalitan, Kepplerites ; Holotvpe. See CCXCII 1922 TYPE AMMOXITES—IV CCCXI Fig. la Fig;. lb Fig. 2 ^£:r||g># •■-«**' r^^SU^ Fie 2a C.\DOMlTES DAVBENYI ; b. BuCKMAN, IQIO, cit. SpeC. O.J.G.S. LXVI, 73, § II. 3 ; Burton Bradstock, Dorset S.B., ex Darell, Coll. 3305 ; S. 39, 44, O3, 22 S. 70, 43. K- 3 Fie. Perisphinctes subbakeri.e ; Blake, 1905, Plesiotvpe Mon. Cornbr. 48 : v., 2 : " Stalbridge Weston, Dorset ; Combrash Up. part of massive limest. above rubble beds " ; G. S. E. S654 S. 63, 35, 28-5, 3Q-5 ; 43 ribs : 103. 26-5, 23-5, 48 ; 35 ribs ; max. 106 HOM(EOPLAXULITE> HOMCEOMORPHUS, nov. Macrocephalitan, Homceoplanulitcs : Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCXXMI 1922 TYPE AMMOXITES—IV CCCXXIX Fig. la Xi-7 Fie. 2 Fig. 1 Perisphinctes subbakeri.e South Cave, S. Yorkshire : Kellaways Rock, siUceous, ironshot Mr. Frank Fetch Coll. ; S. 44-5, 36, 28, 36 ; 40 ribs S. 63, 35-5, 27, 30-5 ; 38 ribs ; 82, 35, 26-5, 38 ; ^^ ribs ; max. c. 95 AXAPLANULITES DIFFICILIS, nov. Macrocephalitan, Cataccphalitcs ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCCXXVIII 1922 TYPE A MMOMTES—I V CCCXXX Fig. 2 Fig. 2a Fig. la Fig. I Fig- 3a Fig- 3 Perisphixctes COMPTONI " Rampisham, Dorset ; Oxford Clay " Ivell. Clav (a) " Geol. Surv. Engl., ex Darell Coll., 7682 ; Li at 13, 45 S- 39' JJD' 30. 41 ; (^^' 34- ^7- 43 ; ribs 31 ; max. 65 PROPLAXULITES LOBATUS, xov. Proplanulitan, )najcsticiis ; Holotvpe. See CCXXMI 1922 TYPE A MMOMTES—^I \ ' CCCXXXI X I j-^j/^ " Ammonites koenigi " " Gristhorpe, Scarborough, Yorkshire ; Kelloway Rock " Geological Survey of England (Hudleston Coll.) 30777 S. 2b, 34'5, 29, 42 ; ribs 27 ; size 30 mm. PROPLANULITES ARCIRUGA, Teisseyre (T.A. Ill, p. 38) ProplanuUtan, fracidus. See CCCXXX 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCCXXXII Fis. I Fig. 2 " Ammonites (Perisphinttes) pseudomutabilis "' " Fleet Bridge, Weymouth, Dorset ; Oxford Clav " Geol. Surv. Engl. 6509 ; S. 55, ^^, 31, 37 ; max. c. 105 Central whorls smooth ; outer, ribs triplicate, broken on venter TRIXISPHIXCTES TRIXUS, nov. Kosmoceratan, atJiUia ; Genot\-pe, Holotype. Cf. CCLXI 7922 TYPE A MMOMTES^I 1 CCCXXXIII Ammonites vernoni, Bean MS. (Young «S: Bird, 182S, Holotype) Geol. Yorksh., pp. 264, 265, 35Q ; xii, 5 ; ^Scarborough], "Yorkshire " Second Shale Pxford Clay],"' blue clay Mus. Yorkshire Philosoph. Soc. ; S. 42, zq, 22 '1, 39 KLEMATOSPHIXCTES VERXOXI, Bean-Young sp. Cardioceratan, vernoni ; Genotype. Cf. CCLI 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES'-IV CCCXXXIVa Fig. 2 Macrocephalites macrocephalus ; Zittel, 1884, Genotype Handb. Pal. I, p. 470, Fig. 655 ; " Ehningen (Wiirttemberg) " Callovien " ; Palsont. Mus., Munich (Oppel Coll.) ?■ 50, 52. 57> 16 ; 90, 54, 55, 14 ; size 94 ; max. c. 250 MACROCEPHALITES \'ERUS, nov. Macrocephalitan, Macrocephalites ; Holotype. Cf. CCLXXXI\' 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCCXXXIVb Fig. I Fig. lb Fig. 2 ■• ' ^A (1,2 Fig. la Ammonites m.\croceph.\lus, Oppel, 1857, Cit. spec. Juraf. 547 ; [Macrocephalites macrocephalus ; Zittel, Genotype) " Ehningen ; Basis der Kellowaygruppe," Limonitic stone Primary ribs c. 45, sec, c. 115 ; dorsal 11. shown c. 3 4 whorl MACROCEPHALITES XTRUS, nov. Macrocephalitan, Macrocephalites ; Holotvpe 7922 r YPE A MMOM TES—I V CCCXXXV Fig. I Vis- 2 ' Stephan'oceras ' CRASSiziGZAG a, S. Buckman, 1890, Holotype O.J.G.S. XL\'I, 449; "Crewkerne Station, Somerset; I.O. top bed' S.B., ex Darell, Coll. 3177 S. 28, ^2, 50, 46 ; 49, 34-5, 51, 45 ; 20 ribs ZIGZAGICERAS CRASSIZIGZAG, S. Buckman sp. Zigzagiceratan, zigzag. See CCC 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCCXXWI Fig. I Fig. 3a Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. lb X 1-7 Fig. I a X 17 Ammonites gowerianus " Rampisham, Dorset ; Oxford Clay," [Kellawavs Clav] Geol. Survey England, ex Darell Coll., 7672 S- -24. 57' 35. 53 ; 44. 38'5. 34. 3t>'5 ; max. 44, with mouth Lat. orn. 5*, 5* on 4, 4 ; Cadicone coronate to c. 6 mm. TORICELLITES APPROXIMATUS, nov. Proplanulitan, majesticus ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCCX 1922 TYPE A MMOMTES—I V CCCXXXVII Ammonites interrupta, Bruguiere, 17S9, Holotype Ency. Meth., Vers I (i), 41 ; Protogr. Langi, Helv. 1708, xxv, 5 (copv Ribs were drawn reversed ; Mount St. Leger, Switzerland], p. 98 F- (55, 31, -28, 48) estimated ; c. 40 ribs PARKIXSOXIA IXTERRUPTA, Bruguiere sp. Parkinsonian, ^arardiana 1923 TYPE AMMOMTES-- 1 1 ' CCCXXXVII A Fiff. I Fig. 2 Parkixsonia rarfxostata ; S. Bickmax, iqio, cit. spec. O.J.G.S. LXVI, 67 ; " Burton Bradstock, Dorset ; Astarte Bed " S.B. Coll. 3857 ; S. 37-5, 32 44; 55. 31. 23-5, 45 : 40 ribs S. 62-5, 30, 25-5, 45 ; 41 ribs ; max. no +, (another wh. by overlap mark) PARKIXSOXIA IXTKRRUPTA. Briv.iiekf sr. Parkinsonian, i/araiitiana 1922 TYPE AMMOXITES—IV CCCXXXVIII Fie. I Fig. 2 Ammonites subcontractus " Sherborne, Dorset " ; 'Fullers' Earth Rock, Thornford Beds] Hard, grey cryst. hmest. ; S.B. Coll. 2762, ex F. H. Butler S. 29, 41,' 67,' 33 ; 38, 43, 71, 31-5 ; c. 28 ribs ; size c. 42 RUGIFERITES RUGIFER, S. Buckman, III, pp. 46, 51 Tulitan, Madaritfs ; Paratype. Cf. CCLXX 1923 TYPE AMM()MTES-^I\' (•(CXXWIII A Fig. 3 Fie:. I ¥\z. 2 Ammonite? ?ubcontractus " Troll, near Thornford, Dorset ; Fullers' Earth Rock " Thornford Beds, 'RhynchoncUa Bed, No. 5" : S.B., ex J.B., Coll. 1916 S. 54, 46, 70, 26 ; Qi, 38-5, 49-3, 35 ; max. c. 100 RUGIFERITES Rl'dlFER, S. Buckmax, iq2i, IH. 46 Tulitan, Rugifcritcs ; Cnnotype, Holotype. See CCLXX 1922 TYPE A MMOMTES—I I ' CC( XXXIX Fig. I Fic OUENSTEDICERAS FLEXICOSTATUM ; SintZOW (1888, Carte geol. Russ. ; Mem. Comm. Geol. VII, i, i) [Weymouth, Dorset ; Oxford Clay[ ; J. W. Tutcher Coll. S. 45, 36, 20, 34 ; max. c. 57. See CLIV cV p. 17 BOURKELAMBERTICERAS IXTERMISSUM, \'ertumniceratan, lamherti ; Holotype NOV. 1922 TYPE AMMOXITES—IV CCCXL Ammonites dispansus, Lycett, 1862. Holotvpe Proc. Cottesw. X.F.C. Ill, 5; " Frocester Hill, 'Glos; ; 'U. L. Sands" Hologr. Lab. " The largest spec." p. 5 ; G.S.E. (Lycett Coll.), 24924 S. 77, 40, 19-5, 31 ; 139, 37, 19-5, 37 ; max. c. 146 PHLYSEOGRAMMOCERAS DISPAXSUM, Lycett sp. Grammoceratan, dispansum 1922 TYPE AMMOXITES—IV CCCXLI Fis- 2 Fig. I Fig. 2a Ammonites corrugatus, J. Buckmax, 1S44, cit. spec. ? Geol. Chelt., New Ed., pp. zS, 80 ; " Leckhampton Hill, Glos Gryphite Grit" ; S.B., ex J.B., Coll. 835. Cf. Am. jiigifer, Waagen S. 108, 39, 20'5, 37, Keel i'5 mm.= 3 mm. added; max. c. 155 ZUGOPHORITES ZUGOPHORUS, xov. Sonninian, Shirbiiirnia ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CLX\'III 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES^IV CCCXLIIa X o'-JS Ammonites boxoxiensis [Barley Hill], Thame, Oxon ; Portland., " Blue Bed " " Building Stone," glauconitic, with occasional Lvdites [Cf. W. H. Fitton, Geol. Trans. (2) I\', 1S36, p. 282, Barley Hill, Bed 5] BEHEMOTH LAPIDEUS, xov. Behemothan, megasthc-nts ; Holotype. See CCCV 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCCXLIIb Fig. 2 Fis;. I Ammonites boxoniexsis S.B. Coll. 322S, purch. from a builder in Thame Last part of outer whorl removed ; EL, 38 ; Li, 35 ; L2, 21 at 60 S. 206, 29, j,^, 51 ; c. 38 ribs ; 325, 30, 27-5, 48-5 ; max. c. 430 BEHEMOTH LAPIDEUS, xov. Behemothan, mcgasthenes ; Holotvpe 1922 TYPE A MMOM TES—I I CCCXLIIIa Ammonites giganteus Barrel Hill, Long Crendon, Bucks ; Portl. ; S.B. Coll. 3224 S. 3bo, ^2, 2q, 45 ; Oij. 31. 27, 4b ; 52 ribs ; max. c. 620 Body-chamber with part of mouth. Li, c. 50 ; L2, c. 36 per cent, at 114 TROPHOXITES IMPERATOR, nov. Gigantitan, Trophonitcs ; Holotvpe. See CCCXXV 1922 TYPE A MMOM TES—I \ ' CCCXLIIIb X 0-28 Ammonites giganteus Barrel Hill, Long Crendon, Buckinghamshire Portland Beds, Creamy Limestones, Soft Rockj S.B. Coll. 3224, purchased from workmen TROPHONITES LMPERATOR, xov. Gigantitan, Trophonites ; Holotype. See CCCXXV 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCCXLIV Fi£. I Fig. 2 Fig. 2il Fig. la " Stephanoceras sp. (' planulate ') " " Coombe [Clatcombe', near Sherborne, Dorset " ; Cf. Clatcombe Farm Q.J.G.S. XLIX, 1893, 499, § XIV, 5 ; S.B., ex T. C. Maggs, Coll. 605 S. 48, 34, 34, 42 ; 76, 27-5, 25-5, 48-5 ; 46 ribs ; max. 78 MOLLISTEPHANUS MOLLIS, nov. Sonninian, mollis ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCXLIX 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCCXLVa X o 65 Ammonites humphriesianus, crassicosta [Sandford Lane], near Sherborne, Dorset ;" S.B. Coll. 1239 S. 116, 32, 42, 46 ; 30 ribs ; 186, zS, 32, 50-5 ; 34 ribs ; max. 189 A coronate becoming planulate, loss of spines KUMATOSTEPHANUS KUMATERUS, xov. Sonninian, Labyrinthoceras, Genotype, Holotvpe 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCCXLVb Fig. I Fig. 2 Ammonites himphriesianus crassicosta "Sandford Lane", near Sherborne, Dorset ; Inf. Oolite Fossil Bed, Up. part .' (O.T-G.S. XLIX, 1893, 494) S.B., ex Darell, CoU. 1239. Cf. CCCXIV KUMATOSTEPHAXUS KUMATERUS. nov. Sonninian, Labyrinihoccras ; Genotype, Holotvpe 1922 TYPE AMMOXITH.^—IV CCCXLM Fi«r. I Fig. 2 Ammonites arbustigerus ; Morris Cv: Lycett, 1850, Plesiotype Moll. G.O. 12 ; II, 4 ; " Minchinhampton, ^Glos] ; G.O. Shelly Beds G.S. Engl. 25609 ; S. 40, 37-5, 45, 39 ; 6q, 43, 45, 27-5 Ribs 2^ ; max. c. 120 4-. Li short and approximate to EL SUSPEXSITES SUSPEXSUS, nov. Oxyceritan, suspcusiis ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCCI 1922 TYPE AMMOXn ES—I V CCCXLVII Fis. I Fir. 2 Macrocephalites her\eyi : Blake. 1905. Plesiotype Mon. Cornbr. 4O : 111, 7, iv, 2 ; " Peterborough : Cornbrash " Yellow, marlv ; Geol. Survey, Enel. Sb3o S. 60, 45, 60, 22 ? ; 105, 43, 49'5, 2^ ; c. 2^ ribs ; max. c. no KAMPTOKEPHALITES KAMPTl'S. xov. Macrocephalitan. kaviptiis ; Genotype, Holotype. • Cf. CCLXXXIV 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCCXL\III Fig. I Fin. 2 Macrocephalites pila, Nikitin " Chippenham, Wilts ; Oxford Clay," light blue clav [Clay above Cornbrash] ; Geol. Surv. Engl. 30567 S. 40, 44, 70, 20-5 ; 68, 45, 70, 21-5 ; 28 ribs ; max. c. 90 PLEUROCEPHALITES FOLLIFORMIS, Ncn. Macrocephalitan, Plcnrocephalitcs ; Holotype. See CCLXXXI\' 1922 TYPE A MMOM TES—I V CCCXLIX ^ffi. -/i^^:S^ Fig. I X 055 Fi-. 2 xo-44 Ammonites capax, Young cv: Bird, 1822, Holotype Geol. Yorks. 253; " Malton, Yorks] ; Oolite," "=Hambleton Ool] Grey marly limest., many cream-col. ool. ; Whitby M. 1275 S. 163, 31, f)5, 21 ; 231, 45, 54, 2^ ; max. c."25o GOLIATHICERAS CAPAX, Yolxg .^- Bird sp. Cardioceratan, Goliathiceras. See CL\'I 1922 TYPE AMMOXJTES—IV lCCLa X 0-76 Stephanoceras blagdeni : S. Buckman, iSSi, cit. spec. Frogden Quarry, Oborne, near Sherborne, Dorset ; S.B. Coll. 1496 98, 31-5, 69, 4r5 ; 132, 33-5. 71, 43 ; 21 ribs ; size 146 ; max. c. 200 + Thinner and less umbilicate than Am. blagdeni, J. Sow. TELOCERAS LABRUM, nov. Stepheoceratan, Epalxites ; Holotype. Cf. CLXI\' 1922 TYPE . 1 MMOMTES—I I CCCLb Stephanoceras blagdeni ; S. Buckmax. i88i, cit. spec. O.J.G.S. XXX\'II, 595 ; Frogden Quarry, "Oborne, Dorset ; I.O. Hiimphriesianum z.,' Roadstone, lower part, §1, 3, 5S9 Cf. Id. XLIX, 1893, 500, § XV, 7 ; Caloceras, S.B., Id. LIV, 1898, 454 TELOCERAS LABRUM, xov. Stepheoceratan, Epalxitcs ; Holotvpe 7922 lYPE A MMOXI TES—J ( ' (XCLI Fiff. I Fig. 2a Fi". 2\ Fig. la MoRPHOCERAS POLYMORPHUM [Grange Ouarr\\ Broad Windsor, Dorset ; I.O. [top beds! S.B., ex Darell, Coll. 3784 S- 33. 4<-^ 4-. ^5'5 ; S2, 30-5, 25-5, 40 ; max. c. 93 PATEMORPHOCERAS PATESCEXS, xov. Zigzagiceratan, zii^zag] Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCCXXII 1922 TYPE . 1 MMOM 77:5—7 \ ' ClXLU Fig. I Fit;. 2 COSMOCERA? PARKINSONi var. RARECOSTATUM, S. BuCKSfAS (O.J.G.S. XXXMI, iSSi, p. 599) ; " Burton Bradstock, Dorset " Inf. Ool.," Shell Bed;, soft, ironshot ; S.B., ex Darell, Coll. 83S S. 63, 27, 22, 52 ; 37 ribs ; loi, 27, 20, 51 ; 46 ribs : max. c. 133 PARKIXSOXIA RARECOSTATA. S. Buckman sp. Parkinsonian, s.cirantiana. See CCCXXXMI 192. TYPE AM MOM IKS -IV CCCLIII A Ammonites triplicatus Barrel Hill, Long Crendon, Bucks ; Well-sinking ; Lydite Bed S.B. Coll. 3362 ; S. 100, 26-5, 34-5. 4q ; 149, 24-5, 33, 53 Max. 255 ; 45 ribs ; EL, 57, Li, 49, L2, 26 at 2b"5 mm. EL, 69, Li, 53, L2. 35 per cent, at 32 mm. breadth of whorl LYDISTRATLFES LYDITICIS. nov. Paravirgatitan, lyditiciis ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCC\'II 1922 TYPE AMMOMJT-S - IV (CCLIII i; Fi-. I V\i Fisr. la Fis- 2a Fig. 2b Ammonites triplicatu? ^Swindon, Wiltshire. Portlandian' : Lydite Bed. white. T'pper L.B. J. \V. Tutcher Coll. : S. 33-5. 41. 30, 27 ; 31 ribs ?• 53. 34- 39(34)- 3<^ : ^<> ribs; EL. 33, Li. 43. L2. 25 at 14 mm. LYDISTRATITES LYDITICUS, xov. Paravirgatitan. lyditiciis ; Paratvpe 1922 TYPK AMMOSI I'ES IV CCCLIVa Fig. I X oSi Fig. 2 x.s. Ammonites pectixatus. Phillips. 1S71, Topotype (Geol. Oxf. 333 ; xv. 17) : Headington. Oxford : Shotover Grit Sands S.B. Coll. 2941, purch. ; EL. 43 ? Li. 43, L2. 30. at 37 mm. whorl-breadth S. 86, 40, 30 ? ^2 ; lib. 33-5. 31. 38 : c. 73 ribs ; 140, 31, 30-5, 43-5 C. 57 ribs ; max. with rostrum 149 + PECTINATITES PECTIXATUS, Phillips sp. Paravirgatitan. pcciinatv.s ; Genotype. Cf. CCC\TII 1922 TYPE AMMOXn i:> I\' CCCI.ni; ■ ' "at2SfcP**s. \\iltshii-c, Kellaways Rock (d) ' ; J.W.T. Coll. S. 26-5. 40, s^, 34 : 48. 38, 29. 34 ; 19 ribs ; max. c. Ob Li at 14 mm. of whorl-breadth is 2^ per cent. PROPLAXULITES TRIFURCATUS. S. Blckman. Ill, 39, 40 Proplanulitan. opiums ; Holotvpe See CCCXXI 1922 TYPE . 1 MMO.\iri:S~-I I ' CCCLXI Fig. I Fig. 2 Fig. I a Fig. lb C.\RDIOCERA5 GOLIATHUS " Loch Staffin, I>k' ot Skye. Scotland ; Oxford Clav " ]Equiv. to Lowlt Calc. drit of Yorkshire" ; Cieol. Surv. EngL 30380 ^- -o. 43'5. 4i'5. -^ : 4^'5. 47- 5^> ^4; max. c. 564-" KORYTHOCERAS KORYS. S. Buckmax, III, 17 Cardioceratan, KorythoLYras : Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCXC\'I 1922 TYPE AMMOMTES~IV CCCLXII A Fie. 2 Fie. I n Harpoceratoid Ammonite, S. Buckmax, 1910, Cit. Spec. OJ.G.S.. LXM, 65, <; I. id/; Thomcombe Beacon, Bridport, Dorset Mid. Lias Marlst. of Jiinct. Bed [scrrata bed) ; S. B. Coll. 3S16 S. 73, 41, 22-5, 27-5 : 122. 35-5, 21, 37 ; size 125 ; max. 130 PALTARPITES PALTUS, xov. Harpoceratan. paltus : Genot\-pe, Holotype. Ct. CCCX\"I 1923 TYPE A MMO\ITES~I V CCCLXII B Harpocoratoicl Ammonite " Down Cliff, Thomcombe Beacon, Bridport, Dorset" ; Lias " [Marlst. of Junct. Bed [scrraia bed) ] ; S.B. Coll. 381S, pres. E. Wilson S. 46, 40, 25, 27 ; 82, 40, 2^, 29 ; (150, — , — , 39) ; max. c. 150 PALTARPITES PALTUS, S. Buckman. 1922 Harpoceratan, paltits ; Paratype. Cf. CCCX\I 1923 Fis. 2 TYPE A MM OX I TES~I V Fig. I CCCLXIII Fig. Ammonites kurrianus South Petherton " 'Somerset ; Middle Lias, Rock Bed, below spinatum S. B., ex Darell, Coll. 1112 ; S. 71, 42, 17-5, 28 S. 140, 39-5, 16, 34, (4 mm. for keel) ; max. c. 200 ARGUTARPITES ARGUTUS, Nov. Amaltheian, argiittts ; Genotype; Holotype. Cf. CCCLXII 1923 TYPE A MMOM I ES—1 1 ' CCCLXIVa Fig. 2 x.s. Fig. I X o 93 Ammonites per.\rm.\tl"s " Clyneleish, Brora. Sutherland, Scotl. ; Sandstone " White Bed. sihceous : Geol. Surv. Scotland. M. j66c S. 70, 34, 24+. 40; 133. 31. 22-5. 43-5: max. iqo + ASPIDOCERAS SILPHOUEXSE. Young lV Bird sp. 1822 \'ertumniceratan, silphoiiense 1923 TYPE AMMOM'IES—IV CCCLXn' B Fi£ Fiii. I Ammonites silphouensis, Young cV Bird, 1S22, Holotype Geol. Yorks, 250, 327 ; xii, 5 ; Silphoue Moor, Yorkshire Calcareous sandstone below the Corallian] oolite ; Whitby Museum, no \o. ; S. (242, 26, 18, 46) ? max. c. 300 ASPIDOCERAS SILPHOUEXSE, Young Cv- Bird sp. \'ertumniceratan, silphouense 1923 TYPE AMMOMl hS^I\' CCC LXV X ..-51 • 'f^'t ^Ti^ PeRISPHINCTHS EASTLECOTTENSIS Wheatley, Oxon, Brickyard ; Wlieatley Sands (p. 28) S.B. Coll. 3S00 ; Li, bo, L2, 39-5 at 71 mm. whorl-breadth S. 180, 33. 25 +. 38 : 233. c. 33-3. 24 +. 41 : max. c. 413 \\HKATLKYrn:> TRICOSTULATUS, sov. Paravirgatitan. Whcuileyifes : (lenotvpe. Holotvpt-. Cf. CCCLI\' 1923 TYPE AMMOMTFS—IV CCCLXVl Fig. 3 x.s. Fig. I X 073 Fig. 2 X.S. ^ ^ Perisphinctes martinsi Wtncy Cross, Bridport, Dorset : I.O., Shell Bed "upper part] S.B. Coll. j477, purch. ; m — > large scar of repaired injury S. 59. ^?>< 32, 45 ; 97. 34- 2>^' 46 ; 148- 30. ^4- 48 ; max. c. 260, \'ERMISPHINXTES REPARATOR, xov. Parkinsonian, Vermisphinctcs : Holotype. See CXC 1923 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCCLXVII Fig. I a FiR. I Fig. 2 " Ammonites sl'bcoxtractus " "Troll, near Thornforcl, Dorset"; V. E. Rock, (Thornford Beds) [Troll §, below 9 ?] ; S.B. ex Darell, Coll. iyi8 ; S. 31-5, 41, 92, (30 S. 44, 45, 86. 27 ; 55, 51. 84, 20 ; max. c. 75 SPH.l^ROMORPHITES SPH.EROIDALIS, S. Buckmax, 1921, III, 49 Tulitan, Sphceromorphites ; Genotype, Holotype. See CCCXXX\ III 1923 TYPE A MMOM TES—I \ ' CCCLXVIII X 006 " Ammonites subcoxtractus " Troll, near Thornford, Dorset "; Fullers' Earth Rock, (Thornf. Beds [Troll §, Bed i] ; S.B., ex J.B., Coll. 1914 ; S. S2. 39, 87, 33 S. no, — , 71, ~ ; 137, ^2, 50, 38 ; max. 140 TUL0PH0RITE5 PR.ECLARUS, S. Buckman, 1921, IH. 45 Tulitan, Tulophontcs ; Holotype. Cf. CCLXXI 1923 TYPE A MMOM TES—I V CCCLXIXa " Ammonites subcontractus " "Troll, near Thornford, Dorset"; Fullers' Earth Rock Thornford Beds, Troll §, Bed i] ; S.B., ex J.B., Coll. 1920 S. 66, 42, 88, 27 ; Si, — , 79, — ; no, 36, 51. 35 ; max. c. 118 TUL0PH0RITE5 TULOTUS, S. Buckmax, 1921, III, 45 Tulitan, Tidophoritcs ; Genotype, Holotype. See CCCLXMI 1923 TYPE A MMOXI TES—I V Fig. 3 CCCLXIX B Fi<' . I a wn ^f*ir'' \.^ # ^%,' m ii^ Fis. " Ammonites subcoxtractus " S.B. Coll. 1920; Fig. I, Side view showing contraction, in cast, preceding end-band of conch ; Fig. 3, \'entral view showing same contraction and band, also few ribs of low relief TULOPHORITES TULOTUS, S. Buckmax, 1921, III, 45 Tulitan, Tulophorites ; Genotype, Holotvpe 192J TYPE A MMOM TES—I \ ' CCCLXX Macrocephalites sp. "Troll, near Thornford, Dorset"; F. E. Rock (Thornford Beds) [Troll §, Bed 7, or j-cf ; S.B.. ex J.B., Coll. 1919 ; S. 56, 45, Sz, {2^ ?) S. 74, 42. 82, 22 ; size c. 95 ; ribs c. 35 ; max. c. 105 PLEUROPHORITES PLEUROPHORUS. S. Blckman. 1921. III. 47 Tulitan, Pleiirophoritcs ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCLXXII 1923 TYPE AMMOMTES~IV CCCLXXI Fis. I Fig. 2 Macrocephalites sp. "Troll, near Thornford, Dorset"; Fullers' Earth Rock Thornford Beds. Troll §, 7, or j-cf : S.B., ex J.B.. Coll. 1927 S. 60, 41, 69, 25 ; 92. 40. 55, 27 : ribs c. ^2 ; max. c. 105 PLEUROPHORITES POLYPLEURUS. S. Bickman. iq2i. Ill, 47 Tulitan, Plcnroplioritcs ; Holotvpe. See CCCLXX 1923 TYPE AMMOXri E^'-IV CCCLXXII Fig. 1 Fl£ Macrocephalites tvpicus. Blake. 1905, Paratype Mon. Combr.. pp. 40, 42, No. 27 ; Fig. 4 b' (no name) : ■"Peterborough Cornbrash," blue-grey marly stone ; deol. Surv. Engl. S651 S. 45, 49, 51, 15 ? ; 86. 47-5. 44. 16 ; ribs c. 28 (i), 89 (2) ; max. c. 90 DOLIKEPHALITES DOLIUS. nov. Macrocephalitan, doliy.s : Genotype, Holotype : Cf. CCCXLMI 1923 TYPE AMM()SITES~-IV CCCLXXIII FlK. I Fis. I a Fig. .: Fig. 2a Figr. rb Macrocephalites MACROCEPHALUS Peterborough ; Cornbrash " : 'Oeschingen, W'urtemberg ; Callovian] Test limonite ; matrix, blue and brown, ironshot : J.W'.T. Coll. S. 44, 48, 50, 16 ? ; 62. 52, 45. 15 ; size 68 : max. c. 120 TMETOKEPHALITES BATHYTMETUS. xov. Macrocephalitan. Macroccphalitcs : Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCCLXXII 1923 TYPE AMM0MTE5~I V CCCLXXI\' Fis. I Fi£ Fig. 3 An'cvloceras bifurcatum, S. Bl'ckman, i88i, cit. spec. O.J.G.S., XXXMI, 607 ; Frogden, " Oborne, Dorset ; hiimphr." Roadst., up. pt., "O.J.G.S., 1893, XLIX, 500. § xv, 3" ; S.B. Coll. 3703 Breadth: Thickn., 100:97. F. i, Lat., F. 2, ventr., F. 3, dorsal view RHABDODITES RHABDODES. xov. Stepheoceratan, niorlensis ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCXXXIX 1923 T YPE A MMOM TES—I \ ' CCCLXXV Cardioceras cordatum Field Farm, W'orminghall, Bucks ; well-sinking m clav Womiinghall Rock, about 3 feet down ; S.B. Coll. 3572 S. 37- 38. 27. 29 ; 5'J- 47. ^8-5. zj, ; ribs 21 (i), 42 (2), c. 90 (keel) (EL, O), EL, OV, Li, OV ; Li c. 50 at 12 mm. ; max. c. 60 MITICARDIOCERAS MITE, xov. Cardioceratan, mite ; Genotype, Holotvpe 1923 TYPE AMMOXrrES^IV CCCLXXVI Fig. 2 Fig. I MORPHOCERAS POLYMORPHUM Grange Quarry, Broad Windsor, Dorset ; I.O., top beds S.B. Coll. 3371 ; S. 375, 45, 40, 21 ; 53, — , 32, — S. 67, 36, 25-5, 31-5 ; max. c. 98. See CCCLI PATEMORPHOCERAS MACRESCEXS, xov. Zigzagiceratan, zigzag ; Holotype 1923 TYPE AMMOXlTES—n' CCCLXXYU Fig. I Fig- 3 Fie. 2 MORPHOCERAS DIMORPHUM ; S. Bl'CKMAX, I9IO, cit. SpeC. O.J.G.S. LXVI, 73 ; " Burton Bradstock, Dorset ; 3rd Bed," § 11, 3 S.B., ex Darell, Coll. 31S3 : S. 30. 55, 70. 3 b. 50, 3b, 41, max. 3D- Cf. CCCLXXVI DIMORPHIXITES DIMORPHUS. dOrbigny sp. Parkinsonian, truellci ; Genotvpe 1923 TYPE AMMOXirES~IV CCCLXXVIII Fig. I Fi£. 2 " Macrocephalites morrisi " " Sherborne, Dorset, ^Dancing Hill, or Haydon^ ; F. E. Rock " Grey, hard, somewhat shelly stone ; S.B., ex J.B., Coll. 2761 S. 29, 43, 67, 31 ; 45, 44, 77, 22 ; max. c. 65 MORRISITES FORXICATUS, S. Buckman, 1921, III, 48 Tulitan. Moryisites ; Holotype. See CCLXXIII 7923 TYPE AMMOXITES—IV CCCLXXIX Fig. 3 Fig. I a Fis. I Fie. 2 Propl.\nulites koenigi |Kella\vays, Wiltshire : Kellaways Rock, d' ; J.W.T. Coll. S. 45, 42, 29, 24-5 ; S. 71, 38, 26, 35 ; ribs 19 Max. c. 73 ; Li, iS per cent, at 19 mm. \vh. -breadth PROPLAXULITES EXCEXTRICUS, S. Buckmax, 192 i, IIT, 29 Proplanulitan, opimus ; Holotype. See CCCLX 1923 TYPE A MMUM lES—l V CCCLXXX Fig. z X o 44 Fig. I X o 55 Ammonites goi.i.vthus Headington Quarry, O.xford, Magdalen College Pit Corallian Limest., " Bottom Course, about 5" above Sands," (workman) Derived ex Littlemore Sands — L.C.G. matrix in air-chambers S. 116, 49, 65, — ; 192, 56, 67, 11-5 ; size 219 ; max. c. 340 GOLIATHICERAS MICROTRYPA, nov. Cardioceratan, Goliathiccras ; Holotype. See CCCXLIX 1923 TYPE A MMO.\ITES~I V CCCLXXXI Fig. I Fig- 3 Fig. 2 " Ammonites pectin atus " " Swindon, AVilt shire , Da " = Upper Cemetery Beds, i2, p. 29 Geol. Surv. Engl. 45938, (Hudleston C.) ; EL, 43, Li, 38-5, L2, 2^ at 23mni. S. 55. 4^'5. 35. ^7 ; 73 "bs ; 64, 37-5, 29-5, 31 ; c. 97 ribs PECTIXATITES AULACOPHORUS, nov. Paravirgatitan, ptctinatits ; Holotype. See CCCLIV 1923 TYPE A MMOM I'ES—I V CCCLXXXII Fig. 1 Fig. 2 " Perisphinctes pallasianus " Long Crendon, [Bucks^, among Sand ; Barrel Hill, Thame Sands] Geol. Surv. E. 45934, Hudleston C. ; EL, 39, Li, 35, L2, 2^ at i8'5 mm. ^- 35. 3S, 37. 34 ; '^u, 31-5, 38-5, 41-5 ; 25 ribs ; max. 105 + PARAVIRGATITES DESIDERATUS. xov. Paravirgatitan, pamvirgatus ; Holotype. See CCCVIII 1923 TYPE A MMOM TES—I V CCCLXXXIIIa Fig. I X o 46 Fig. 2 N.S. . . . Perisphin'ctes rotundus W'heatley, Oxfordshire, Brickyard ; \Mieatley Sands, p. 28 S.B. Coll. 3799; EL, 56?, Li, 64, L2, 31? at 79 mm. \vh. -breadth S. 170, 37> 37. 3t> ? ; 251, ^^, 36, 43 ; 315, ^^, ^^, 44 ; max. c. 450 WHEATLEYITES OPULENTUS, nov. Paravirgatitan, W/ieatltyttcs ; Holotype. See CCCLXV 1923 TYPE AMMOXITES^IV CCCLXXXIIIb Fig. I Fie " Perisphixctes ROTUNDUS " " Swindon, [Wiltshire" ; Portland Sands " ; [Seq. in, 12, p. 29' Geol. Surv. E. 45936, (Hudleston C.) ; EL, 66, Li, 60, L2, ^S, at 26'5mm. S. 57> 37. 43. 34 ; 96, 34-5, 44'5, 37'5 ; 3S ribs WHEATLEYITES OPULEXTUS, xov. Paravirgatitan, Wheatleyitcs ; Paratype. See CCCLX\' 1923 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV Fig. I CCCLXXXIV X o 53 Fi£ PeRISPHINCTES ROTUNDl'S Wheatley, Oxfordshire, Brickyard ; Wheatlev Sands, p. 28 S.B. Coll. 379S ; EL, 39-5. Li. 37. L2, 24 at 8q mm. whorl-breadth S. 178, 30, 35 ? 44 ; 231. 31, 33-5. 45 : 275. 33, 30, 45 : max. c. 470 WHEATLEYITES REDUCTUS, nov. Paravirgatitan, WJicatlcvitcs ; Holotype. See CCCLXXXIII 1923 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCCLXXXV A xo-33 Ammonites pseudogigas, Blake (1880, O.J.G.S. XXXVI, 192, 225, 22S) ; Barrel Hill, Long Crendon, Bucks S.B. Coll. 3055 ; ribs, 25 on penult., 39 on last whorl S. 215, ^2, 48, 43 ; 356, 32, 42, 43 ; complete with mouth TROPHOXITES PSEUDOGIGAS, Blake sp. Gigantitan, Trophonitcs ; Chorotype. See CCCXLIII 1923 TYPE AMMOXITES~IV CCCLXXXV B X 043 Ammonites pseudogigas, Blake Portland Rocks, Creamy Limestones, 'Soft Rock, T.A. IV, Tab. 11, 6, p. 26] S.B. Coll. 3055. Blake cites sp. from 4 horizons, p. 225 ; (3 Ages, Tab. 11) Creamy Limestones, Bucks, one of his horizons. Blake's types lost TROPHOXITES PSEUDOGIGAS, Blake sp. Gigantitan, Trop/ioniies ; Chorotype. See CCCXLIII 1923 TYPE AMMOXITES—IV CCCLXXXX'I Fig. 2 X 0-5 Fig. I X 0-71 Perisphin'ctes moorei Bradford Abbas (Railway Cutting), Dorset ; I.O. triiellii S.B. Coll. 2120 ; ribs 51 to c. 59 ; 50 to c. 100 ; 54 to 175 mm. S. 107, 36, ^^, 34 ; 175 38, 30, 38 ; max. c. 250 PHAXEROSPHIXCTES COSTULATOSUS, xov. Parkinsonian, tritdlci ; Holotype. See CCXI 1923 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCCLXXWII Fig. 2 X.S. Fiii. I X Fig. Ki X S SONNINIA AREXATA ; S. BUCKMAN, 1893, cit. SpeC. O.J.G.S. XLIX, 494 ; Sandford Lane], " near Sherborne, Dorset " Foss. Bed, lower part] ; S.B., ex Darell, Coll. 1024 ; S. 102, 42, 27, 27 S. 202, 35-5, 2b, 33 ; (267, — , — , 41 ; 316, — , — , 48) ; max. c. 320 FISSILOBICEKAS PHLYCT.EXOUES, \ov. Sonninian, fissilohata ; Holotype. See CLXXXI 1923 TYPE A MMOM //;>—/ 1 CCCLXXXVIII Fis. I Fi£ Fig. I a Fi- 2a Ammonites concavus Bradford Abbas, Dorset ; I.O.. Fossil Bed, mid. pan ; S.B. Coll. 3770 S. :i8 3b, 51, 25. 19-5 ; 71, 46, 21, 15-5 ; max. c. 95 GRAPHOCERAS SCRIPTITATUM. nov. Sonninian. stigmosiou ; Holot\-pe. Cf. CX 1923 TYPE AMMOMTE<~IV CCCLXXXIX Ammonites stutchburii X. Bank of R. Brora, i-m. W. of Coal Pit ; Fascally, Brora. Sutherl. Dark sandy shales (F'ascally Shales) ; Geol. Surv. Scotl.. 3/ 30S "' S- 87, 43, — , 26 ; 125, 43, — 27 ; ribs 35 (i), 152 {2) ; max. c. 160 Poor in tuberculation ; ribs strong over venter \nthout tubercles ZUGOKOSMOKERAS ZUGIUM, xov. Kosmoceratan, zugiiim ; Genotype, Holotvpe. See CXCIV 1923 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCCXC Anaptychus PSILOCERAS PLANORBIS Aird nah Iolaire, The Wilderness, Ardmeanach, Mull, Scotland Lower Lias, dark shales. Bed 13 up ; Geol. Surw Scotland, M 332S/ra] Umbil. at 32-5, 41, at 43 and 57, 43-5 ; s, 76, 30, — , 44-5 PSILOCERAS .EOUABILE, xov. Caloceratan, ceqiiabile ; Holotype. See CCXXIII 1923 TYPE AM MOM TES~-! I CCCXCI A Fig I a Fig. I Ammonites cornucopia, Young *N: Bird, 1822, " Tvpe " Geol. Yorks., 252, 327 ; xii, 6 ; Whitby, Yorkshire ; Alum Shale [Peak Shales" ; Whitby Mus. No. 82 ; S. 47, 40, 54, ^2 S. 128, 39, 48, 33-5; 304. 35. 35- 39; max. c. 310, —►- Orbiculoidea " Aperture nearly circular," p. 252. Y. & B.'s tig. a synthetograph ? THYSAXOCERAS CORNUCOPIA, Young cS: Bird sp. Haugian, variabilis ; Holotype ? Lectotype. Cf. CXXX 192- TYPE . I MMOM TES—I V CCCXCI B X075 vV, t^^^ LyTOCERAS 'SUBLINEATUM ; S.-BUCKMAN, 1888, cit. ^peC. North Nibley Knoll, Gloucestershire ; Cotteswold Sands, xariahilis S.B. Coll. 391 ; S. 60. 42, 60. 31 : 139, 39 5, 49, 34 S. 170, 39, 39, 36 : max. c. 185. Fimbriie begin c. 25 mm. diam. THYSAXOCERAS CORXLXOPIA, Young ov Bird sp. Haugian, variabilis 1923 TYPE AMMOXITES—IV CCCXCl c Fig. I xo-94 Fi". 2 N.S Lytoceras sublixeatum ; S. Buckman, i8SS, cit. spec. Mon. I. O. Amm., 46, § vii, 30; O.J.G.S. 1889, XLV, 445, §111, 30 North Xibley Knoll, Gloucestershire ; S. 139, 39"5, 49, 34 Part of outer whorl removed to show suture-line THYSAXOCERAS CORXLXOPIA, Young & Bird sp. Haugian, variabilis 1923 TYPE A MMOM TES—I V CCCXCII Copy of Protograph Ammonites bisulcata, Bruguiere, 1789, Holotype Ency. Meth., \'ers I, 2S, (protol.), citing Lister, 167S \\nim/ Angl. vi, 3 (Protograph) as " icon, bona " ; "Xorthants\ Bugthorp '= Bugbrook ?] Byland \ = Byfield 'i\ ; F. 41, 31, — , 43 ; ribs 29 ; specimen reduced ? PALTOPLEUROCER.\S BISULCATUM, Brugueire sp. Amaltheian, spinatum ; Holotype 1923 T Y PE A MMOMTi:S~ 1 1 CCCXCIII Copy of Pr-:,:ograph Planulites sulcata, Lamarck, iSoi, Holotvpe Syst. Anim. sans \'ert. loi, (protolog), citing Bourget, 1742, Petrif., XLVi, 290, (protograph) ; F. 64, 2^, — , 52 PLAXULITE: Hildoceratan, hifrons ? ; SULCATUS, Lamarck sp. Genot\-pe. Cf. CXIV and CCLX\II 1923 1 \ ' PE A M MOM TES—I V CCCXCIV Phlyseogr.\mmoceras DI5PANSUM ; S. BucKMAN, 1901, cit. spec. Jur. Time-Table ; Proc. Cottesw. XII. 266 {Phylseogrammoceras, misprint) Little Sodbury, Glos, (O.J.G.S. XLV, 1S89, 446, iv, 6, ironshot marl) S.B. Coll. 3767 ; S. ^^, 45, 21, 24 ; 64, 41, 18, 29 ; 28 bullate ribs PHLYSEOGRAMMOCERAS ELECTUM, Nov. Grammoceratan, dispansiim ; Genolectotype, Holotype. See CCCXL 1923 TYPE AMMONITES— IV CCCXCV AXGULATA ; Bayle, iSjS, Genotvpc " Moehringen, pres Stuttgart (Wurtemberg) " Infralias " ; F. 91, ^8, —, 31 ; 157, 36, — , 36 ; max. 330 + Cf. S. intermedia, Pompeckj, type, Ouenstedt, Amm. Schwab. J. iv. SCHLOTHEI.MIA Geol. France, lxv, i ; SCHLOTHEDIIA PRIXCEPS, nov. Caloceratan, angulata. See XXW'III 1923 TYPE AMMOMTES^IV CCCXCVI Fig. I X 13 Fig. I a X 13 Fig. 2 X.S. PCECILOMORPHUS INFERNENSIS, RoM.\X (1913 Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, LX, 19 ; iv, 10 Tiolotype' " adulte " 1921, CnisoL VI, 29) ; Bradford Abbas, Ry.; Foss. Bed, ^middle part] S. B. ColL 3837 ; S. 22, 41, 34, 28 ; 38, 42, 30, 26 ; ribs 26 ; size 40 EUAPTETOCER.\S IXFERXENSE, Roman sp. Sonninian, Eiidmetoceras. See CCXCIX 1923 TYPE AMMOXITES—IV CCCXCVII Fig. 2 PCECILOMORPHUS INFERNEXSIS, RoMAX (1913, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, LX, 19 ; iv, 8 ; 1921, Crusol, vi, 3) Bradford Abbas, Dorset ; Foss. Bed ^middle' ; S. B. ColL 3334 S. 21, 32, 49, 42 ; 37, 34, 39, 40 fribs 25 EUDMETOCERAS PROSPHUES, xov. ^onninian, Eudmetoceras ; Holotype. See CLXXIX 1923 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CCCXCVIII y -^n-ner nftcrrt Ammonites pinguis, Roemer Clatcomb, Sherborne, Dorset ; I.O." Xf. Q.J.G.S. XLIX, 498, § xiv, 5 S.B., ex Darell, Coll. 1084 ; S. 65, 39, 38-5, 31 S. 115, 35, 2>-> 37 ; max. c. 120. {Sonninia nodatipingiiis, MS.) STIPHROMORPHITES XODATIPIXGUIS, xov. Sonninian, mollis ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCCXLI 1923 TYPE A MMOM TES—I I ' CCCXCIX Ficr. I Fig. 2 Fig. I a X I -28 Fig. lb SONNINIA ZURCHERI ; S. BUCKMAX, 1896, cit. SpeC. O.J.G.S. LII, 692, § X, 3-4, 699; Rackledown, Dundry, Somerset Upper Lower White Ironshot ; S.B. Coll. 3172, pres. J. \V. D. Marshall S. 18-5, 43, 48, 28 ; 36, 39, 31, 33. No coronate stage (Douville, 1885, B. S. G. Fr. (3) XIII, i, 6, lectotype of S. zurcheri) PELEKODITES PELEKUS, xov. Sonninian, Shirhiurnia ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCXLI 1923 TYPE AMMONITES— IV CD Fig. la Fig. I LlSSOCER.\S OOLITHICUM Sandford Lane] " near Sherborne, Dorset " ; 'Fossil Bed, middle part] (O.J.G.S. XLIX, 1893, 493, 494) ; S.B., 'ex Darell, Coll. 932 S. 24, 48, 36, 21 ; 51, 46-5, 31, 23 ; max. 77 4- LISSOCERAS SEMICOSTULATUM, xov. Sonninian, mollis ; Holotype. Cf. CCCIII 1923 TYPE AMMOXITES—IV CDI Fig. 2 a .;x f :.-^^> ^%^ ::^ T - ** :v a -« ' s;-!^-, i J Fig. I Venter of 38:506 PI. CDIIb PeRISPHIN'CTES GOREI Long Crendon, (N.W.) ; heap of Beds 2, 3, [by matrix 3, Tab. ii, 14] Hard, shelly, slightly glauconitic ; S. B. Coll. 3839 a S. 87, 27-5, 30, — ; 122, 24, 24, 57; ribs c. 39; max. 122 EL, 45?, Li, 46, L2, 37 at 24 mm. whori-breadth CREXDOXITES LEPTOLOBATUS, nov. Behemothan, leptolobatits ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCCLIII 1923 T YPE A MMOM TES—I V CDII A Fig. la Fig. 2a Fig. 2 Xo-83 Fig. I Ammonites biplex Oakley, heap ot stones, 'ex Briir, Bucks ; hard, shelly, sUghtly glauconitic Portl. Stone (=Tab. ii, 14" ; S.B. Coll. 3221, pres. Mr. James Kirb\- S. 90, 40, 25, 30 ; 119, 30, 25, z^ Ribs c. 28 on flat side, bifurcate on edge of flat venter SIMOTOICHITES SIMUS, nov. Behemothan, leptolobatus ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCCLIII b 1923 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CDIlB Fig. 2 N.S. Fig. I X 1-7 Ammonites virgatus Long Crendon (X.W.), Bucks, in mouth of 3839^1, PI. CDI S.B. Coll. 38396 ; S. 16-5, 46, 24 ? 24 ; 29, 48, 24, 20 Ribs c. 2^, mostly triplicate or perhaps more di\'ided SIMOTOICHITES SIMUS, xov. Behemothan, leptolobatiis ; Paratype 1923 TYPE AMMOMl'ES^-lV CDIII Fig. 1 X o 74 Fig. 2 x <> j2 Ammonites boloniensis Long Crendon (Barrel Hill), Bucks; " Osses Ed" (workmen) [Base of Upper Witchett, Tab ii, i', white, chalky, with Trigonia S.B. Coll. 2959, purch. ; S. 118, 36, 44. 37 ; 183. :^2, ^-j, 44 Ribs 25 ; size 203 ; max. c. 205 ; EL. 30, Li, 31, L2, 15, at 46 mm. GLOTTOPTYCHIXITES (iLOTTODES, Nov. Gigantitan, glottcdcs ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCCL\' 1923 TYPE A MMOXI TES I V CDIV " Ammonites gowerianus " " Coal Pit, Brora, Sutherland, Scotland ; Roof Bed " T.A. I\', 41, Seq. ix. 29 ; Geol. Survey, Scotland, M 1659^ S- 48. 43. 51. (29 • ) ; 7^. 40. 45. 30 ; max. c. 83 GOWERICERAS CHILDANUM, xov. Proplanulitan, majesticiis ; Holotype. See CCLXXXMII 1923 TYPE A MMOXITES—I V CDV X 0S4 Fig. I Fig. 2 OUEN'STEDTICER.\S SUTHERLANDI.E ; MORLEY DaVIES, I916, cit. SpeC. Geol. Mag. (6) III, 397 ; " Ludgarshall, Bucks ; Oxford Clav " Stone-bed in renggeri clay " ; A. Morley Davies Coll. S. 86, — , 64, — ; 102, 40, 66, 23-5 ; size no ; max. c. 145 EBORACICERAS CADIFORME, nov. Vertumniceratan, ordinariiim ; Holotvpe. See CLXXII 1923 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV X 0-96 CDVI Fig. 2 Fig. I Ammonites modiolaris From a cottage, Eype, Bridport, Dorset. Xhippenham, Wilts] [Kell. Clay, (a)", light blue clay ; S.B. Coll. 3435, purch. 5- 74- 45. 7<^. 255 ■ 96, 40'5, 9I' ^5"5 ; max. c. 100 CADOCERAS TOLYPE, nov. Proplaniilitan, niajcsticits ; Holotvpe. See CCLXX\' 1923 T YPE A MMOXI TES—I V CDVII Ammonites jamesoxi axgusta Afn. Jrischmanni, Ouen. ; Branch Huish, Radstock, Somerset Middle Lias, jamesoni beds ; S.B. Coll. 2042 S. 17S, 25, 16, 54 ; 270, 21-5, 16, 64 ; max. c. 275 JAMESOXITES RETICULATUS, nov. Polymorphitan, Phricodoceras ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. XCII 1923 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CDVIII Fig. 2a Fig. i Fig. 2 Ammonites hawskerexsis, Young & Bird, 1828, Parat\-pe Geol. Yorks, p. 25S, 259 ; Hawsker shore, Yorkshire 'Lias lands, p. 359^ ; Whitby Museum, No. 269 S. 89, 36, 27-5, 38 ; 137, 53, 25-5, '39 ; ribs 29 ; max. c. 147 PALTOPLEUROCERAS HAWSKEREXSE, Young & Bird sp. Amaltheian, hanskerense. See CCCXCII 1923 T YPE A MMOXI JES~I V CDIX Fm. 2 Fig. I Ammonites murchisox.s; East Coker, Somerset' ; Inf. Ool. ; J. \V. T. Coll. S. 38-5. 36, 28-5, 34 ; 75, 44, 24, 29-5 ; max. c. 120 + MAXSELIA AUSTERA, xov. Ludwigian, murchisoncs ; Holotype. Cf. CCCLXXXMII 1923 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CDX 'ifc-» ■ ( M' -- f % Ammonites L.tviuscULUs ; J. Buckmax, 1844, cit. spec. Geol. Chelt. pp. 27, 90 ; WitcheUia, S.B., Q.J.G.S. LI, 1895, 411, 418, 419 § XXIV, "3'; "Cold Comfort," Cheltenham, Glos ; Pcrua Bed S.B., ex J.B., Coll. 665 ; S. 49, 45, 2^, 2^ ; 93, 48, 21-5. 21-5 ; max. c. 140 WITCHELLIA PATEFACT0R, xov. Sonninian, WitcheUia ; Holotype. See CLXVIIl 7923 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CDXI X 0-52 Ammonites adicrus landlord Lane', *' near Sherborne, Dorstt ; Inf. Ool." [Fossil Bed, (lower) middle part] ; S.B.. ex Darell, Coll. 1000 S. 149' 57' 36-5 (30), 36-5 ; 263, 34, 30 (25), 40-5 ; max. c. 300 SHERBORNITES PROJECTIFER, xov. Sonninian, Shirhuirnia ; Genot\-pe, Holot\-pe. Cf. CC\' 1923 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CDXII Fig. I Fig. u Ammonites corrugatus ; S. Buckmax, i88g, cit. spec. Geol. Mag. (3) \'I, 202 ; So}ini>iia, Id. ; Dundry, Somerset Inferior Oolite, Ironshot Bed ; S.B. Coll. 3914 S. 30, 43"5. 30, 23-5 ; 57, 45-5, 25-5, 24 SOXXIXIA CORRUGATA, J. de C. Sowerby sp., 1S24 Sonninian, saiizei ; Topotype. See CCXCMII 1923 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CDXIII Fig. I Fig. I a Fig. 2 Dactyliocer-\s crassum ; S. Buckman, 1889, cit. spec. O.J.G.S., XLV, 445, § III, 2S or 30 '28'^; Stephanoceras, S.B. 1888 Mon. I.O. Amm.. 46, § vii ; " North Nibley, Glos ; variabilis beds " S.B. Coll. 3832 ; S. 14, 43, 66, 30 ; 25, 34, '44, 40 ; ribs 27 ; max. 25 CATACCELOCERAS COXFECTUM, xov Haugian, variabilis {grandis) ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CXIX 1923 TYPE AMMOXITES—IV CDXIV FiK. I rh Ammonites polymerus [Sandford Lane", " near Sherborne, Dorset ; Inferior Oolite [Fossil Bed, lower part] ; S.B., ex Darell, Coll. 1122 S. 45'5. 37. 35. 33 ; 75. 29, 24, 42-5. ; max c. 120 EMILEIA CATAMORPHA, xov. Sonninian, Shirbuirnia ; Holotvpe. See CLXIV 1923 TYPE A MMOM TES—I V CDXV Fig. I Fi£. 2 Sph.eroceras wrighti, S. Buckman, i88i, Holot\-pe O.J.G.S., XXXMI, 599 ; Frogden Quarry, " Obome, Dorset Humphriesianum zone " ; Manchester Mus. (S.B. Coll.) L11420 S. 2S, 48, 75, 17-5 ; 45. 34. 43. 31 ; max. 46 CHOXDROCERAS WRIGHTI, S. Buckman sp. Stepheoceratan, Epalxitcs. See CCCL\'II 1923 TYPE AMMOXITES^IV CDXVI xo-85 Ammonites procerus Burton Bradstock, Dorset Allotment Ouarrv ; ist Bed' S.B. Coll. 3425, purchased from workmen S- 104, 35, ^^, 40 ; 162, 35, 29, 39 ; size 175 ; max. c. 310 PROCERITES TMETOLOBUS, xov. Zigzagiceratan, zigzag; Holotype. See CLIII 1923 TYPE A MMOMTES—I V CDXVII Fig. I Fig. la Fig. 2 a Fig. 2 Ammonites gulielmi '■ South Cave. Yorkshire ; Kellaways Rock," sihceous, ironshot Mr. Frank Fetch Coll. ; S. 27, 40," 25, 27-5 ; 54, 39, ^^, 31-5 Max. c. 58 ; venter runcinate, feebly bordered, no round stage CATASIGALOCERAS PLAXICERCLUS. xov. MacrocephaUtan, Catawphalites ; Genotype, Holotvpe. Cf. CXCIV 1923 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CDXVIII Fig. 2b ■ ^ a Fig. 2a U Ammonites j.\son " Backwater, Weymouth, Dorset ; Oxford Clay " Geological Survey of England Coll., No. 30505 S- 43, 43. 21-5, 23-5 ; 72, 46, 18-5, 24 ; size 81 ; max. c. 104 GULIELMITES COXLAXATUM, xov. Kosmoceratan, conlaxatiim ; Genotype, Holot\-pe. Cf. CDXMI 1923 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CDXIX xo-73 COSMOCERAS JASON* C. grossomrei, R. Douville, 1915, xii, i (not 2, 3) Coal Pit, Fascally, Brora, Sutherl. ; dark, sandy sh., Fascally Shales Geol. Surv. Scotl. M 385^ ; S. 78, 49, — , 20-5 ; 113, 40, — , 24 S. 146, 32-5, — , 33-5 ? ; ribs c. 40 (i) ; c. 200 (2) ; max. c. 155 ZUGOKOSMOKERAS IXTERPOSITUM, xov. Kosmoceratan, zngium ; Holotype. See CCCLXXXIX 1923 T YPE A MMOXI TES—l V CDXX F'g- 3 Fig. I Fig. 2 Fig. I a Fig- 4 Fig. 5 Cardioceras CORDATUM Cowley, Oxfordshire (near Industrial School) ; Lower Calcareous Grit S.B. Coll. 2771, purch. : S. 17-5, 36, 34, ^2 ; ^2, 40, 35. 33 S. 48, 40, 36, ^2 ; 61, 40. 35, 31 ; max. c. 65 AXACARDIOCERAS CORDATIFORME, xov. Cardioceratan ; cordatijorme ; Genotype, Holotype. Cf. CCCLXX\' 1923 TYPE AMMOMTES—IV CDXXI Fig. 2 Fig. I Fig. la Ammonites serratus " On shore, Port an Righ, Balintore, Ross, Scotland Kimmeridge Clay " ; Geol. Survey Scotland, M 3296°' S. 68, 46, 35-5, 23-5 ; 100, 48, c. 34, 22 ; max. c. 117 with part mouth PRIONODOCERAS OGU'ALE, nov. Prionodoceratan, prionodes ; Holotype. See CL\' 7923 TYPE A MMOMTES—I V CDXXII Fig. lb Fie. I Fig. I a X 1*8 Ammonites siperstes Rid's Hill Brickworks, Brill, Bucks ; Kimmeridge Clay Serpulite Bed ; S.B. Coll. 3S99 ; S. 13, 42, 2^, 24 S. 29, 42, 24, 26 ; 50, 42, 25, 27 ; size 54 ; max', c. 72 PRIOXODOCERAS SUPERSTES, Phillips sp., 1871 Prionodoceratan, superstes. See CDXX 807 V.4 Bucknan, Sydney Savory Yorkshire type annonites P