oe ens Y a a Seta Pen Ean : wert. ae )é c YIN = : < Yh; c m a NS oO af oe x f Dag oo =] a fe) “SS = Oo ot C ail = ; 4 2 a 2 i7 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILOLILSNI NVINOSHLINS 2 = it z 0 <2 0 ° a é am x a fae a = I roar = > — = i ose = e — re = 7 - a pal m WY) od 7 ” = w = " _ 2 on NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3tYVYaIT_ LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN n s pons ” é Cs ots = = 2 By DEAR EA RAMA E oy SAMAR MRA or Oo 4 ; : re 2. 3 ; a, - > = 2 (qe e z u = fe iis a 3 = eeeem=| 7 Ae . < 3 \% | Pan ff 7 EN or = VOSHLIWS = W < z > = a) z = Z = > a 2 IN NOILILILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3I14V4adI1 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN = : ais ~ _ m = \ YS m a is , a aes Ss _ @) = C = z ae | z id Zz iT _LIBRAR HES SMITHSONIAN _INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLIWS z= ia ani Oo - o a ; 29) Tae y «OD = se oO F 74 LY > - > ! = pd - * Ry e - a = m ot : Yj m = m oD w = 7 = = a POILALILSN! NVINOSHLIWS Sa lYVdYaI)l LIBRARI ES. SMITHSONIAN ~ = a = < Ks 2 z on | / ah Le 4 1 Js ’ i 44 ae 3 NS > z By ‘bp 2 5 Gig 2W™ 3 2 S WY.GG fo) es =NG ae 2 2 b§YY/ i za iy om YQ, —-_ aE INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI OSHLINS S3IY¥VYEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLINS S3!YVugIT LIBRAR LIBRARIES NOILNLILSNI LIBRARIES NOILNLILSNI LIBRARIES NOILNLILSNI LIBRARIES NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS HSONIAN er o —_ x GY b = _ ~4 < 4p” y; Exe -~f : = Ss . S a S m Ye; = _ Ss m — wm’ .© mes 2 3 sr S ay = SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILONLILSNI NWINOSHLIWS Ss: z Fr z t ; = = o < ao Ws °o = a 5 a NA 2 a ie a = | FE ae E eis E See 0 z ? Me NVINOSHLIWS SMITHSONIAN IN z 7) z w > ‘<= = s = < z = 5 ae 7) Ong 7) w o \ = One = oO So = z = z Le = > = ee Ss wv) Pa w A hae “” poMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S: ee: Sa EF @& ° oe. tt Zy a x = AS x “Po ° < ¢ WA < | 5 UU = © aes Sh ee Z re) = re) K 4 nig z = z OC eee NVINOSHLINS S3I8YVvVu¥stii LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN_ IN ele i. ie z —_ ie o 2 ow = wo a 5 v 5 2 > b > ras %, 2 | uw? a z D z HA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILOALILSNI NVINOSHLIWS S: = NVINOSHLIWS NVINOSHLINS SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLIWS S31uvualy LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN N NOILNLILSNI NOILNLILSNI NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S a i: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILONLILSNI S3IYVYGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION INSTITUTION INSTITUTION NVINOSHLINS S31YVYEI7T LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN NW h ’ OSHLINS S3IYVYGIT_ LIBRARIES HSONIAN OSHLIWS x AN HSONIAN > ae tice eg a 7 ‘| 7 i an i _ Wi * - - D : : CU eo = f r more 8 ¢ : i ” - * ry 7 a0 : 7 fi : ' «4 vs ’ iy mt : i= ; 7 ie 7 ‘ : Liss 7 . / _ " 7 4 ; ea a rages te eine, le a Lf 7 a. fv mi a) . ae laa: hy - L : i | _ 7 meee vi in | ee la > i i pire ae nr fl _ = ” 7 oo - us a a 7 - 7 7 r _ 7 , ce q a) 7 7 is ! ein f h _ ~ s © 4 . a - : 7 a a i n 7 iu 7 _ ‘ y a : 7 hay i a o i é — J 7 aa | - bet ° oa 7 t 7 fa Ao y a, 0 v ae ' - : os -— oe = a aa > ae) : ms : 7 a 7 ; 7 y 7 - 7 , 7 " : 7 ne , 7 7 fi as ve “ " » 7 = — 7 : i e “ - 7 y y -_ : = 7 2: a) i _ ; _ 7 : - a - ; ar ful Pa »e - gua ; _ tee ‘es is : t <— a , : i } - ; ii) : a 7 7 _ 7 : : ; - 7 7 — 7 > : 7 ra o ep 7 : 7 ¥ ey 7 ny 7 >» ? v4 7 , S _ 7 77 : iy } - See y : - re , f i fan a ms »! ‘ 7 - Wi Ve : S P - : Ws mew : ee : A - . ; - - \-¢¥ x a 7 7 = : 7 7 - a _ a L . ; 7 , - IL - ae a . Q AL 7 de ml aa oe Se bh 85) Wi eet AN, ; 7 7 “ : eo bg 7 ma Jn - i _ 7 ,8o4 so! . ; Cy m- 1: ee ee ee a a - : 7 ta > ay ile af Vg 4 ta iT, : a 1% c ms nf ies ie 7 q c We a} ¥ ig UN 7 : : } ; 7 i tan : it ' i : » in - nt ap 0 7 7 — oe ; nt oe af on . ‘ Ded SS ee : o> ie ») Se a cama , = ee 7 7 , 7 - _ P ae ' La » 7 7 ~©€ bi 7 in = 7 ag ’) Va -> oo a en ‘ a | ae i > = ee =~ oo > po) oo . a : _— 7 ' 2 : pies i / 7 - © ~~ a 7 - 7 ( i . i 7 "4 a _" 7 Ss a 0 7 - 1] 4) yy ye ‘ : ou a 7 ¥ i n _ Ti Da i . s —— | _ ns WILLIAM H. DALL SECTIONAL LIBRARY DIVISION OF MOLLUSKS Zoological Elustratiows, OR ORIGINAL FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW, RARE, OR INTERESTING ANIMALS, SELECTED CHIEFLY FROM THE CLASSES OF Ornithology, Entomology, and Conchalogy, AND ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THEIR NATURAL AFFINITIES. BY WM. SWAINSON, ESQ., F.R.S., F.L.S. ASSISTANT COMMISSARY GENERAL TO H. M. Forces. CorrisPONDING MEM- BER OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF PARIS; HONORARY MEM- BER OF THE CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHIc society, &c. VO TE SECOND SERIES. _ sto s Sectionag) Library = Wound: PRINTED LY W. J. SPARROW, 3, EDWARD STREET, HAMPSTEAD ROAD. PUBLISHED BY BALDWIN & CRADOCK, PATERNOSTER ROW, AND R.HAVELL, 77, OXFORD STREET. 1832.— 1833. en ‘a a r) 4 m4 24 yi Cie ¢ ay EM ar PTO A oe ve AMain & i - ‘a sa . we We if aM i UW 7 2 ” i ne i o ) ef S- 2 > Way — 4 . O83 ae > i ACLURYG TO WILLIAM JOHN BURCHELL, Esa., THE AFRICAN TRAVELLER, Whose discoveries have benefited every branch of natural science; whose knowledge is equal to their full elucidation ; and whose talents,—unfostered by, and unknown to, his own Government,—are held in respect and estimation throughout the civilized world. THIS THIRD VOLUME OF Bovlogical Ellustratiows, IS DEDICATED ; BY HIS ATTACHED AND AFFECTIONATE FRIEND, THE AUTHOR. PREFACE. ———<>—__ In closing our second series of ZootocicaL [LLustRATIoONs, we cannot but express gratification at the terms in which they have been alluded to at home and abroad. It is hardly necessary to state that the scientific interest of the subjects described, and the attention bestowed upon the plates, have progressively increased, as the work has approached its termination. ‘The contents of this series nay now be divided into three equal portions, so that the Biros, the INnsecrs, and the Sues, will form distinct and uniform volumes, unconnected, except in the general title, with each other. As complete sets of the fee series have now become very scarce, new editions of the deficient parts are in rapid pro- gress; and the whole will then be divided, as above, into three portions. It is but justice to Mr. G. Bayfield,* that the author should here express his satisfaction at the skill and care with which he has executed the colouring of the plates, both of this work, and of every other in which his services have been engaged. In answer to several correspondents who have requested to know what book we can recommend, as giving a general and popular introduction to the natural arrangement of animals, we are obliged to confess that amid countless volumes of anecdotes, compilations, and methods, no such work has ever been undertaken. With the intention of sup- plying this deficiency, we have devoted the greatest portion of the Jast five years to an Encyclopedia of Zoology ; wherein the science will be placed under a new and striking ight; no less instructive to the general reader, than inter- esting to the learned. In another year, we trust this work will be before the public. To that volume we must conse- quently refer the readers of this, whenever they wish to understand the full scope and influence of those novelties in natural arrangment which are but slightly glanced at in the following descriptions. As more than usual care is necessary in the binding of these volumes, it may be as well to mention that we have particularly instructed Mr. Betts, of Compton Street, Brunswick Square, on this subject. Tittenhanger Green, 4th March, 1833. *9, Trafalgar Street, Walworth. i eal iy heat TRICHOGLOSSUS Swamecne Greer OM iATIUES lore am. Mea e, ge adce ies duce ae 7 TRICHOGLOSS US _ Swainsoni. Swainson’s, or Blue-bellied Lory. Family Psittacidee. Sub-family Psittacine. Genus Lorius. Swains. Sup-GENERICG CHARACTER. Bill obsoletely notched ; Tail lengthened, cuneated, narrowed from the base, the two middle tail feathers conspicuously longest. Nob. Type Lorius. (Trichoglossus.) Swainsoni. J. and § Speciric CHARACTER. Green: head, middle of the body and bands on the sides, azure-blue, ; throat, breast, and flanks, orange-crimson. Trichoglossus Swaisoni. Jardine and Selby. Ill. of Orn. pl. tit. Blue bellied Parrakeet. Brown’s Il. pl. 7, White's Voyage, pl. 4. p. 140. Le Perruche a téte bleue, male. Le Vaill. Perr. 1. pl. 24. fig. puleherima. Perruche des Moluques. Buffon, Pl. Enl. No. 743? Trichoglossus hematodus. Lin. Tr. 15. p. 289. omitting Syn. AAT Bee SER Larer flocks of these resplendent Lorys enliven the woods of New Holland, clinging to the Kucalypti trees, and sucking the honey from the blossoms by their brush- shaped tongue. Mr. Caley, whose notes we now follow, says ita bird remarkable for docility and attachment to some people, although a perfect scold to others. When young they are caught by the natives, but from the loss of their favourite food seldom survive in confinement. An individual, kept by Mr. Caley, on being shewn the coloured drawing of a native plant, tried to suck the flowers, and it even made the same attempt with a piece of cotton furniture. Its scientific history we have already given elsewere. We have received more than usual pleasure at seeing our name affixed to this charming bird, and in clearing up its history. (Jl. of Orn. vol. 3. p. vit.) As achild we well remember our unwearied delight at seeing its figure in White’s Voyage. As a collector we have preserved a series of nearly twenty specimens, and as a naturalist our name is no longer excluded from the Ornithological Nomenclature of New Holland. It is indeed somewhat curious, that while we were giving information to one of the writers in the Lin. Trans. upon the subjects of his paper, he should have studiously witheld from us the only public acknowledgement, for such assistance, it was in his power to make, 92 ~e ne wr if ioe ea Ty Aas ee) EY Sy a, ; WW j U O ot, ID & PROTESILAUS /edtus i in k Sy uas Ce ees at 2 ee ka ere BA Sah Unf ee yO ey rn 4 PROTESILAUS Leilus, Protesilaus Butterfly. Genus Amphrisius, Sw. Sub-genus Protesilaus, Sw. Sus-GeNeric CHARACTERS. Wings trigonal, acute, yellow with black transverse bands; the inferior lengthened, narrowed, with two long acute tails; an- tenne short, the club thick, slightly compressed, but solid, and convex all round ; front very hairy ; Larva covered with sharp spines. Pupa braced, but suspended downwards. Type, Pap. Protesilaus. Auct. SpEcIFIC CHARACTER. Wings straw-colour ; the supcrior with four, short, black, costal bands towards the base, and two towards the cxterior margin ; ihe latter uniting at the posterior angle. Pap. Protesilaus. Lin. Fab. Ent. Sys. 3. pl. p. 23. FEncy. Meth. p. 50. Merian Sur, pl. 43. Cramer. pl. 202. f. a. b. ee From the resemblance which this insect bears to the rare British species, named by collectors the scarce Swallow- tail, (Papilio Podalirius,) it is generally called the Brazilian Swallow-tail. We advert to this circumstance, trivial as it may sound to scientific ears, first because it is one of the many proofs in which the nomenclature of the vulgar conveys greater information than that of the professor : and secondly, because these very names, in- numberless instances, imply a_ perception of natural analogies, which, without the labour of philosophic research, suggest themselves to unscientific observers. In the present instance, these facts may be verified in the most unquestionable manner. According to our views, Protesi/aus not only represents one of the primary groups of the Lepidoptera, but also typifies the Fissirostral birds, of which the swallows are the most pre-eminent. Madam Merian’s valuable work on the Insects of Surinam, has furnished us with a figure of the larva ; which, unlike that of the t-uropean Swallow-tails, is covered with spines : the Chrysalis also departs from the usual type of the family, in having the head directed downwards. These facts we have verified by an inspection of the original drawings, of M. Merian, now deposited in the British Museum. ‘These are all important variations in structure, which can only be explained by the natural system, 93. ce HAL iy f Ay, i A OMe ae Vie Ny a, mi CO a Be cite NAMM GL WEN fr We ns ioe iy By ae a | re } FEN RIM UNM we Vie Leh y > ; et Wie «| rar ’ AN pe A mii! i ] “ i i f A Ue eee o eC cl pe i fe ar 7 7 Ps Dea |! oe Ti : eas Siri ta rh -. CRESSIDA _ Heliconides, Cressida Butterfly. Sub-Fam. Papilione. Genus Papilio. Sub-Genus Cressida. Nobis. Sup-GeNerRIC CHARACTER. Wings diaphanons ; posterior perpendicularly elongated, obtusely dentated or scolloped. Antenna stout, the club very thick. Types, Cressida Heliconides and Harmonides. Sw. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Anterior wings diaphanous, with the base, and two opaque, costal transvere spots, black; posterior black, with a central white space, and a marginal ruw of crimson spots, brightest beneath. Papilio Cressida, Fab. Ent Sys. 3. 1. p. 20. Don. Ill. of Ent. 3. pl. 12. f.2. Ency. Meth. p. 76. No. 145. EEE For a long time, the only museum in Europe which could boast of this butterfly, was that of Sir Joseph Banks; who found it in Van Deimans Land, during his celebrated scientific voyage with Captain Cook. Fabricius, the most eminent entomologist of that day, described the species from this specimen: which, with the whole of the Banksian Cabinet, was presented by its learned and munificent possessor to the Linnean Society of London, where it still exists. The only published figure is that of Donovans, which is much too small, and is otherwise faulty. The species is still very rare in collections; our own, a fine pair, were received from Van Diemans Land. Although unacquainted with the larva, and pupa state of this species, nature has stamped the perfect insect with the image of that group she intends it to represent. Its long, narrow, anterior wings, almost transparent, immediately reminds even the unpractised entomologist of the Heliconian butterflys ; while the analysis of the genus Papilio, confirms this idea, by shewing that Cress da is the teliconian type. We scarcely need remind the student of the natural system that if our theory be correct, this representation, under one form or other, will be found to pervade every group of Lep- idoptera. In all such as we have yet investigated, this opinion has been fully verified. 94, é va se We AG [ i i Ms I i iM 95 PAPILIO Menmmnon PAPILIO Memnon, Memnon Butterfly. $$ ner Fam. Papilionide. Sub-Fam. Papilione. Genus Papilio.— Sw. (Typical form or Sub-genus.) Sus-GENERIC CHARACTERS. Wings without tails ; the anterior horizontally lengthened, entire ; ‘the posterior margin concave ; posterior wings per pendicularly lengthened, the margin rounded and scolloped ; ; antenne long. Larva smooth; Pupza braced in an erect Bee Sus-Tyres of rorm. 1. Typical, Memnon. 2. Sub-typical, Erectheus. 3. Aberrant, Pammon, Drusius? Codrus. SpPecIFIC CHARACTER. Wings black, rayed with blue-grey ; inferior wings bencath with two rows of marginal black spots on a pale ground, and four rcd spots at the base. Papilio Memnon, Linn. Auct. Ency. Meth. 1. p. 29. No. 10. Cramer, pl. 91. f. ¢. en re Atrnoucn of sombre colours, this butterfly is imposing in its size, and highly interesting. It is, in fact, that form which is pre-eminently typical of the whole of “the Latri- ellian Papilionide. It seems to be common throughout India and particularly soin Java, from whence we :possess several specimens. Dr. Horsfield’s elaborate work has furnished us with figures of the caterpillar and chrysalis. In now first defining some of the natural groups of the modern Genus Pupitio, it may be as well to state that we give the results of minute analysis, the details of which we hope to lay before the public on a future occasion, In regard te the nomenclature, we have adopted the following principles, suggested to us by a scientific friend of no ordinary authority, as tending to facilitate recollection, without altering we ‘Il known specific names. Hach genus or sub-genus “will be named after that species which is its peculiar type; and the new specific name of this species will imply one of its supposed natural analogies. Thus the sub-genus Proetesilaus, derives its name from the typical species, while the specific name, now proposed of Let/us, points out the analogy of the group to Urania Fab. ‘Phe sub-genus we now define, as being in our estimation, pre-eminently typical, retains the name of the genus. It seems also a geographic group, since all the species yet discovered belong to the old world. 95, 4 j ; ; LS clip? ; owns he i AV i i rt Pa 0 aN “ ‘ ae a Y, om CARACOLLA AMMA SULA wo-bocthed Dusk—-Snwed laf a acs ieee Hat ‘ Ayae\ts foilf e Fite = Ris ae Jes yt i! sats F }- erat r tony Rpg? okie nie it ey nee unsi-sn derek tes, ch hay wy Thay seal) Ae? re ou 24 asta chil Tita. of mt? rye wont mh yi teeny cesart perp) ite ela ihr): teath ind Slow wond % Hit? sitwel Ne abel wie HuleRy ; “anil tiga “a hy & turd bits = _ » wilt tc ae re oad ijereg ‘ode ett wiih “pal , er aPrie yet ieigat od "ive ab, wirkel eid) a vt fail’ vie tyoliig® dri wee af) Saifipine alt > Tee ih) %4 : a, > CARACOLLA acutissima, Two-Toothed Disk Snail. Srauinnatiiannmmnteiedee o : coin daieenieeniaaeee Class Mollusca. Order Phytophages. Sveains. GENERIC (?) CHARACTER. Animal with four tentacule, the lower pair very short; Shelé discoid, greatly depressed ; the spire but slightly raised above the body whorl; aperture large, oblique, angulated ; the lower portion generally dentated; the margin thickened and reflected. SpEcIFIC CHARACTER. Shell imperforate, with the spiral whorls flattened obliquely, the body whorl acutely carinated, and convex beneath: outer lip reflected ; with from 1 to 2 tuberculated teeth near the extremity. Caracolla acutissima. Lam. Syst. 6. p.2. p. 95. Knorr. vol. 4 pl. 5. f. 2. 3. Encycl, Meth. pl. 462. f. 1. a. b.? Helicodonta. A. de Feérrusac. pl. 58. f. 2. Helix caracolla. Guerin. Iconog. du Reg. Anim. Mol. pl.6. f. 1. oe Ir is seldom we can deliniate more than the covering of testacious animals, particularly where the species are natives of tropical countries. In the present instance we owe this power to the singular fact of this snail having survived a voyage from Jamaica, and peered out upon an English sun. It is now near forty years ago since an intelligent correspondent of our honoured father sent him from Jamaica, a box of land shells : they were care- fully packed in. moist decayed wood, and enclosed the living animals. ‘The season was summer and the voyage short; the box was immediately opened, and by placing the shells in luke-warm water, the animals of every one slowly emerged from their shells. Of their ultimate fate we know not: but that celebrated artist and entomologist, the late Mr. Lewin, then a guest in the house, executed highly finished drawings upon vellum of each species ; and from one of these our present figures are faithfully copied. At the request of our friend Dr. Leach, a copy was also made by some one and transmitted to Baron de Férussac, for his great work upon Land shell, where it will be found engraved at pl. 58. fig. 2. M. Guerin has re-copied this latter figure, but as both are inaccurate, without any fault of these gentlemen, (who never saw the original drawing of Lewin) we have now represented it correctly. 96. Apel aad bay var te th PREC ne sr ' me | , cit y i, ht ph PRINEA famlrarus Indian Wren warble Bests x. eet eam, ee ce sitbere Ue Pe Cae ae oN PR eco Fs ee ig berate, “ie see és pit Fe a ae che Fear aaa pat ie: Ce F0- obi A J is . } , aes es “hy Sexi is * br aint fe 8 ‘ y ¥ , 7 @ ’ eRe)» Cgve ' i ‘ Rothe aa eb : ae a be } abs thas raat; mart my 460 att AP Bi ie .) 7 « ve Y . eo manien UN gaspar iy, eae ee ‘ ‘> =e i ; ae y 5 : a a. ty 1 ¢ we : he y= ; ‘ ‘ y A ¥ ' a iv - aay wna Lite : = PRINIA _familiaris, Indian Wren-warbler. — eee A EE Family, Sylviade. Sub-Family, Sylviane. Sw. Genus, Prinea. Horsf. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill rather lengthened, much compressed, entire ; rictus smooth 3; wings rounded ; tail broad and cuneate ; fect large, strong. Specific CUARACTER. Above olive brown, beneath yellowish; cars, throat, and tips of the greater and lesser wing-covers white; tail feathers tipt with dusky white,and margincd beneath by a black bar. Prinia familiaris. Horsfield. Zool. Researches. Linn. Trans. 8. 165. <<< Tue sultry groves of India are not without birds which recall tu the European the songsters of his own distant land. And although nature, in her boundless profusion, has so distributed her productions that even the little “Kitty Wren” may in vain be looked for beyond the confines of Europe, its representative in the Kast is no less neat, active, and familiar to the habitations of man. ‘The Prinia fami- liaris, observes Dr. Horsfield (whose politeness enables us to figure the bird), is abundant in many parts of Java, near villages and ¢ gardens, i in the confines of which, among trees and shrubs, it builds its nest. Sprightly and active in all its motions, it sports among the branches in short and rapid flights, and has received its native name from its enlivening and pleasant notes. Our figure is the size of life, and to avoid a tedious description, all the details have been accu- rately measured. We must refer the scientific Ornithologist, for our expo- sition of the natural aflinities of this group, to Northern Zoology, vol. 2, p. 200. Itis ay el ao the Rasorial and Scansorial genus of the Sub-family Sylvéanz, as there pointed out, and of which Orthotomus is a sub-genus, or type of form. 97, AMPHRISTIUS My hia srt x Braipninte st, a pom z 4 Ny *S ; ae a Sa ei “| ‘ ! ) é 1a. Ne Ries. Boa: A oeay ’ a ae ne Oh Sts #3 ts A as “me ON 4 ne ee s\ ak Wineeciealt Maes, Ny ef) Ve ne ee a, hic aie Fea! oars ke AA cus Bet 4 Pod oad bactee wet eres tease bes piri vih ok Rar mio Sieh A a or cekse ae ae | ey ation ae ML eee” ins ogee Aeon’ aoe tah dn ee ey | ee RSet ois, |) aneowe eo Maks. 8 OC. Ne i, Viet 4). OOP) pias ; f Shae sr ee ae ; aie aiden’ a i v5 Es) Pa sn) ae 7 ve Cave ; . an " _ ae wie —— 4 ‘si - ; mb v : ' ae ore $74 AMPHRISIUS Nympalides, Amphrisius Butterfly. Family Papilionide. Sub-Fam. Papilions. Genus. Amphrisius. Sw. (Typical Sub-Genus). Sus-GENERIC CHARACTERS. Wings without tails, the anterior externally dentated, the posterior short and rounded, the margin scolloped ; Antenne long. Larva covered with spine-like tubercles ; Papa braced in an inverted position. SpEciIFIC CHARACTER. Antcrior wings black, with longitudinal paler rays; posterior wings yellow, with a black serrated border, and an internal row of black spots. Papilio Amphrisius. Godart. Ency. Meth. 1. p. 27, No. 7. Papilio Heliacon. Fab. Ent. Sys. 3.1. p. 19. Don. Ind. Ins. pl. 19. pak Papilio Amphrisius.— Horsf. Descrip. Cat. Part 1. pl. 4. f. 13. TEE Tue Butterflies of which we consider the species now figu- red as the typical example, constitute one of the great natural divisions of the modern genus Papilio; and they are peculiarly distinguished in all their three stages of ex- istence, namely in the caterpillar, the pupa, and in the winged state. Dr. Horsfield has enabled us to illustrate the two former, and we add a figure of the perfect butterfly from specimens in our own cabinet, collected in Java. It - seems subject to much variation in point of colour, but we have strong suspicions that some of the varieties are distinct species. ‘The richness of the black resembles Genoa velvet, while that of the yellow may be compared to glossy satin. All the larger species of the group are Oriental, but we suspect America is not without typical examples, although they are of a much smaller size. ‘The species however, even with these additions, are so few, that the sub-types of the group cannot be accurately made out. As this seems to be the pre-eminent type of the genus, we preserve to it the generic name. 98. a wal pangs , ’ i A y . A a - a 4 ie “ / rae “ay.. \ isa é Shy eben ae ie oh ee ie baat eka ie OCD Ga” RE Abe etn star. ale ald Diy ake 7 ae eae a eat ae ACADACT INE 2.04. Pica, The Bead Snails. Class Mollusca. Order Phytophages. Lam. Sw. Genus—? Sus-GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell oblong-conic, spiral, Columella with the base thickened and truncate , inner lip none ; outer lip internally thickened ; aper- ture without teeth. Noh Type Monodonta seminigra Lam. Speciric CHARACTER. Shell trochiform, black ; apex and base of the pillar white. Monodonta semi-nigra Lam. Achatina pica. Swains. Monog. in Brands Journal, April, 1828, p. 84. nee ACHATINELLA is a very peculiar group of land shells, found only in the Pacific Islands. ‘They are all small, and so re- markably beautiful, that the natives use them for ornaments. It was under this form that seven different species came into our possession on the return of Captain, now Lord Byron, from his voyage to the South Seas. As the systematic conchologist will find them fully described in the Journal above quoted, we now only illustrate them by figures. <<< EE ACHATINELLA perversa, fig. 2. Specific CHARACTER. Shell reversed, sub-trochiform, fulvous brown with darker trans- verse bands and longitudinal lines ; apex and suture white. Achatinella perversa. Swains. Monog. No. 2, p. 84. Our figures of this elegant species are somewhat larger than nature. ee ACHATINELLA Acuta, Fvig. 3. Specific CHARACTER. Snell ovate-oblong, chesnut, with a marginal fulvous band ; spire somewhat lengthened, acute, the tip black. Achatinella acuta Sw. Monog. No. 3, p. 84. SHELL somewhat pyriform, the spire being pointed, and considerably longer than the aperture: In these respects it differs considerably from the two preceding, but the great peculiarity of the twisted and truncated columella or pillar, sufficiently points it out as pees to this group. MURICIN A. PL 3. Murex curtstomus 400 = Shatin bt rata fi Cenen, Want ; a | pare Str Wen Abate aA is * i. Fahey : aaa Ae ri : ; | | was a eres neh test at 9 Me Be : da) oy Me y ’ y a a ae at an om bias: od ; — oa ts WARE - a : th ee te MUREX (Centronotus) eurystomus, Wide mouthed Murev. Sania eee Family Casside, Sub-family Muricine, Nob. Genus. Murex Auct. SYNOPSIS OF THE SUB-GFNERA. 1. Typical. Canal very long: She! armed with tooth-like Spines mostly arranged in three varices Murex Auct. 2. Sub-Typical (?). Canal very long: Shell without spines, varices tuberculated. HAUSTELLARIA. Sw. 3. Aberrant. Canal moderate: Shell with foliated or com- pressed varices. 1. Varices foliated, mostly three. PHYLLONOTUS. Sw. 2. Varices numerous, mostly acute. CenTrRONOoTUS. Sw. 3. Varices compressed, fin shaped. PTERYNOTUS. Sw. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell with from 7 to 8 simple foliated varices; body whorl with three brown bands; aperture effuse, tinged with rosey ; umbelicus very large. Murex Saxatilis. duct. Lamark. 7. p. 167. Martini. pl. 108. f. 1013. err We feel some surprize that Lamark should have viewed this large and imposing Murex as one of the varieties of Sava- tilis, from which it is unquestionably distinct. It is by no means common, nor do we know its precise locality. In directing the attention of the philosophic Zoologist to the above synopsis, we feel called upon to express our opinion on the unfortunate Denis De Montford, whose labours, however honoured in his own country, have neither been understood nor appreciated in this. We can say of him, what can be said of very few, that he had an intuitive perception of natural groups. And if we cannot place him on a par with his great rival Lamark, in the extent of his researches, or the polished accuracy of his names, we can safely affirm that in other respects, he is fully equal, either to him, or to any of his successors. There are some extraordinary analogies between the natural types of this genus, and the series of vertebrated animals, which we cannot at present develope. Nor can our doubts on the Sub-typical form, which we rather think has not been discovered, effect any alteration of the series here pointed out. 100. POLYDORUS Theas,. 100 JRA OY acer ak ie batt, ib Igor? wiarde Sie of. a d't sharky (Jeeen ines d secredd , Gf | Pi taajul? te WE fe J) 4, coletiinl lootpyiy af) aohao ae ‘ os Ht iF. ned to Teo es | oo + * tag! OS qak | we Agel ' ; a odi a bedeiag: ss Ge, deat a Hern gto eee P | i. 7 .an 3 Aj i998 ‘ 7 i 5 ; ; } ear “ult von ’ sy api wie. Mot! oleh eee : ry: — Hibs cute , © toltwed? tah Ree i teagile Weve a f eke nition d 88 iW é yi ¥ veni nda gsthegerieg a obese) os af Og boy ja wif moat hagigt , Tonia Vins nj 7en ae reeled ee 4] mak of ute : . ‘ lrg) bn a i sy POE yy DO RUS. Thoas, Polydorus Butterfly. Sub-family Papilionz. Genus Amphrisius.Sub-genus Polydorus. Sw. Sus-GENERIC CHARACTER. Anterior wings horizontally narrow aud obtuse, posterior perpendi- cularly lengthened, and furnished with prominent spatulate tails ; Larva covered with fleshy tubercles ; Pupa braced and suspended, but with the head downwards. Types, Pap. Polydorus. Polystes. Romulus. &e. Auet. Specific CHARACTER. Anlerior wings brownish black, with darker stripes between the nerves; posterior, black with a central five-parted spot of white ; lunules round the margin, obscure above, bright crimson beneath. Papilio Polydorus Linn. Cramer. Pl. 128. f. a. b. Fab. Ent. Syst. 3. 1. p. 9. Ency. Meth. p. 72. No. 130. Horsf. Cat. pl. 3. f. 17,17. a. (larva and pupa). (na ce I Amone the most remarkable of those laws which belong to the natural system, is that which assigns to every great division of our globe its peculiar races of animals : and these in numerous instances, are so marked, that a naturalist would no more expect to find such genera inhabiting a dif- ferent continent, than a Physiologist would hope to discover a race of Hottentots among the Highlands of Scotland. It is under the tropical latitudes of the old world (and chiefly those of Asia), that nature has placed the group of butterflys which we now, for the fixst time, characterize. Distin- guished, in the most beautiful manner, by their larva and pupa, they shew, even in the external appearance vf the perfect insect, an unerring distinction, in the dark stripes between the nerves of the anterior wings. We have indeed, in the tropics of America, a race of black and crimson butterflys representing these of India; but they belong to a very different group; and are known at the first glance by their broader wings, totally destitute of the stripes just mentioned. M. M. Latrielle and Godart, are evidently mistaken regarding the insect figured by Clerk, which they consider to be the female of Polydorus; this error we have ascer- tained from fine specimens of both sexes, sent from Java and now in our possession. We have figured the male, and Dr. Horsfield has enabled us to add the Caterpillar and Chrysalis. 101. PTILIOGONYS ceczcnerezs. Mate . 702 A eR % PLILIOGONYS cinereus, male. Vellow-vented Short-foot. i Family Laniade. Sub-fam. Tyrannine. Genus Pliliogonys. Nob. GENERIC CHARACTER. Zool. Journ. no. 10. p. 164. SpeEcIFIC CHARACTER. Light cinereous ; flanks olive; under tail covers bright yellow ; quills and tail glossy blue-black, the latter ornamented with a central snowy band ; chin and vent white. For Synonyms—see pl 62. Oe”. oe On the sixty-second plate of these Illustrations, we figured the female of this elegant and highly interesting bird, from a specimen sent to us from Mexico, by the late Mr. W. Bullock. We are now enabled to add the male from a fine example, obligingly presented to us by John Taylor Esq. F.R.S. It was killed near Real del Monte; and these, we believe, are at present the only specimens that have reached England. By viewing this as the type of the Scansorial group of the Tyrant-flycatchers, (Tyranninx) every circumstance, even the most minute, regarding its structure and its colours will be explained. As representing Brachypus, (North. Zool. 2. 485.) and its analogies, it has the under tail covers richly coloured. As representing Leiothrya (Il. 490.) it has the same coloured cinereous and silky plumage: as a scansorial type, it has a conspicuous al- though an treumbent crest, and a long ornamented tail. It is a Titmouse among the Tyrants, and is nearly as much of a Ceblepyris as of a Tyrannus. Indeed, when we described the female, we thought it actually entered the circle of the former, but the laws of representation has set us right on this point. Phoenicornis is the first of the Ceblepyriny, as Philiogonys is the last of the Tyrannine. The females of Phoenicornis are clothed in the same slate coloured plumage, but, as being of a Jissirostral type, their mouths are conspicuously bristled, while those of Ptiliogonys are quite smooth. Finally, the wings are those of a Ceblepyris, but the tail that of a Tyrannula ! 102. PLECOCHEILUS uwnudulaas. L035 eel | SA lis ae ant ee a hie nme ace ae Voie cs shoes Sa Nrns hee he Diet : the Se hPas. (Ke rigyaid Dy, Wee ie? ney ake Gwe: bee Raed, Sah these eS eae hte fate ae Pret Mra “ae.° iC a her ‘ vere ory ws , Perse oe a4 : . iv Ge Z ¢ = ' e ! ' . ‘ 2 < i Sn ' ut q 1 . ' Te - < } ' « E s + , ' Z es a ~ > . ’ r F ‘ J ‘ = { ‘ - | i. ‘ i ‘ ‘, ‘ , * ij ‘ *. : PLECOCHEILUS undulatus. Waved Pupa-snail. SS — — Family Pupade. Guilding. Genus Carychium. Muller. Sub-Gen. Plecocheilus. Guild. Susp-GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal hermaphrotide, snail-like; the head bilobed, and bearing four tentacule, two of which are long and terminated by the eyes; mandibles greatly lunated, witha small transverse mouth and a triangular cutaneous plate; mantle perforated. Eggs large, externally calearious. Shell oval, ventricose, the two last spiral whorls very short, but elevated; aperture entire, elongated ; outer lip thickened and reflected ; inner lip thin, nearly obsolete; pillar with a strong compressed inflexed plate. Guilding. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell irregularly and minutely corrugated, and longitudinally striated; marked beneath the olive epidermis with oblique. undulated, dark stripes. Carychiam undulatum (1814). Leach. Zool. Mis. 1. pl. 35. Auricula caprella (1822). Lam. Sys. 6. 2. p. 140. Chemnitz pl. 176, f. 1701.-2. Plecocheilus undulatus. Guilding in Zool. Jaurn. 3. p. 532. EEE Tue pleasure which our scientific brethren will receive from possessing this copy of Mr. Guilding’s beautiful drawing, will be changed into regret on knowing that the gifted hand which originally traced it is now cold. A liver com- plaint, doubtless brought on by too much exposure to a tropical sun, terminated the mortal career, a few months ago, of this accomplished Zoologist and excellent man. The name of Guilding now belongs to posterity. His loss, and that too in the prime of life, leaves a blank in the ranks of science, which there is po one so qualified to fill; where can we look for profound and indefatigable research, matu- red knowledge, a ready pen and an exquisite pencil, all employed unceasingly to illustrate from life the animals of tropical regions. The search, unfortunately, will be fruitless. May his spirit now be with that God whose minister he was, and whose works upon earth it was his purest delight to study. This noble species was discovered by Mr. Guilding, in great numbers, upon the trunks and branches of trees in the forests of St Vincent : its eggs are hard like those of a bird, and the young shell resembles that of a Swecinea. In Carychium the eyes are at the base, but here they are at the tips of the tentacule. 103, PROTE SILAUS SWALHSOPLLUS » aptrane aie A vik» ieee fam san Rae, Sasa we Ree > nike Spisbemeehihict Pal SiG yy ONE ae ae siviens Gane . Ed: = ete 8 + jae aeaeSTes " ia iy aa r PROTESILAUS Swainsonius, Swainsonian Swallow-tail. Sub-family Papilione. Genus Amphrisius. Sub-genus Protesilaus. Nob. Susp-GENERIC CHARACTERS. See pl. 93. SpeciFic CHARACTER. Wings pale straw-colour ; anterior with a forked band near the black exterior margin, and another much shorter towards the middle, both black. Papilio Swainsonius. Langsdorff, MS.S. Mus. Nost. We have searched in vain for some account of this very distinct and handsome species, collected by our venerable and enthusiastic friend Dr Langsdorff, in the interior of Brazil ; and transmitted to us some years ago, in remem- brance of the many happy days we passed together in the enchanting scenery of that delightful region. We have not seen the species in any of the London collections, and we believe it altogether undescribed. The Larva and pupa are of course unknown to us, but the whole structure of the perfect insect agrees so truly with that of Protesilaus Lelius, that we have no doubt whatever of its belonging to the same sub-genus, and thus becoming an interesting addition to a group, capable of the most complete and diversified demonstration. 104, er; H va! yy s ¥ a y ~- 5 oop k off ~ A 7A x ; t ‘, PODALIRLUS Pomptlies. 103 My ot re } F y “ Ms Re at) : 7 x os ’ * '. (aie ree - ; 4 7 } a tee: Mayon ot etie*4: ¥ r ae, : : — J “2 r ‘ ae na) A mh i +, 4 > rat, ° at tas [ ee ES Shae ee 7 3 foe wy, ea ie : : "3 ‘ ve eo : a tai * [es : S ’ a . = , P y \ + 4} ’ ’ : ——~ rt Sie! a . _ 7 : , i i? , 5 ; ‘ es Pe Es a , re eee ie ae agit 77 a ~ ba , # : é i sat ih VER isif ff ; ts i 4) sf e , hae Pa ah % i Es & sy i i. i PS | : j ) ¥ x fe _ : f ; y . Me of maiiighys y, f i . C; = - —_ = | 7 * 4s -_ ae ‘Ss Phi , : ' 3 = my . . o aaaiie, ‘AG ; i yexolt ; Awl \ . r . a ; ; ' i Ne at EE ata al - 4 $ ¥ , werka - - . } : é #i ’ ; <{ ke Tattt PUiek é rs 7 hee je 70 Poised WI nid Obey ‘2 mM ott at bdsdohat age if oe heads ytn\ sft “lo: awiig® Ane het heaton viola Lat) iE Yo nett liaa end Ghee we hats vee it pas yal ais robnbEe x (iow. i? me liahah Hier siare zolomityel <3 nl of inél dws do aye salt 4 iviere Jefe ily 4 riz tour ent : { rcs bectul thee ab oy a: HOF Tahele rniieu rit “To date eee a r alerenvil: deritt ‘oie Bekenete theres ; hve: Avie Jere wes oe ee t, te STesweienew ial ilk) seams eh OES bia? mao wb aes Latrahs te 3 its vad + ores -seaede, ‘Ny LIS Wie bendy co TT Py idic'd a5 hy cing i nist vie G2 one Re +44 wits Bu) > Si i Sid ics ; pitt Fou? jie ey nee tlt by a ivi tesa had) ay. vant. vabisvegeg a dah, vila idea via aay x 7 PODALIRIUS Pompilius, Pompilius, or Javanese Swallow-tail. ee Sub-family Papilione. Genus Papilio. Sub-genus Podalirius. Md. Sus-GeENneErIC CHARACTER. Wings trigonal, acute, yellow, with black transverse bands, the inferior with two long narrow acute tails; Antenne short, the club thick and solid at the base, but greatly com- pressed at the tip, where it is concave beneath ; head small, front hairy ; Larva smooth ; Pupa braced in an erect position. Type Podalirius Europeus. Nobis. ——e SPecIFIC CHARACTER. Wings above pale yellow, the anterior with five short, black, stripes across the areola; and two others, much longer and broader, close to the exterior margin: posterior wings without lunulate spots. Papilio Pompilius. Fab. Mantissa 2. p. 8. Ent. Syst. 3. 1. p. 25. Ency. Meth. 1. p. 49. Horsf. Cat. pl. 3. fig. 5. 5. a. (larva and pupa.) SE We may term this the Javanese Swallow-tail, for in that and the other Indian islands it appears to be not uncommon. We are indebted to the elegant Catalogue above quoted, for our figures of the larva and pupa ; and to the rich collection of Mrs. Children for the exam- ination of the perfect insect. Entomologists will doubtless feel surprize that this and the Protesilaus on our last plate, should be placed as distinct types in two different genera. We have not done this without long deliberation; but we cannot, in a work of this nature, enter into those details which would demonstrate these divisions to be truly natural, in the most rigid acceptation of the word. We desire not, however, that Entomologists should adapt our views,— at least for the present. We hope, indeed, that they will not, because experience has shewn, that until a theory has been fully explained, more injury than good results to science, from injudiciously adopting, and hastily applying, a system not understood. We only desire, in short, to record our views, that they may be comprehended hereafter. We consider this as the Thrysanuriform type of the sub- genus, and our English Papilio Machaon of authors, as the Heliconian.— Tempus ducamus. 105. Phy tae > Honus 7 ; Raga y LEPTOCIRCUS Curws. 100 at ‘ shulyeiel.dw) rae ais sage : a = er ou peenre iia 4 ws .)) 2g ae ious Bats. ae cull avai 7a): Le ia boudtalls ot Sara a . m? f ad Letoahinarag woe hi : rr : ' aivdt imi d 4g so 3 ¥ was sims sat} al. 7 E fe Car “od pire tay f ine be pal Eni" * r Jgealias ie eed | exetinn : f a - : e be Soeir beri ide os “er: ee Z oF (” “tb yi! kal oft = ‘ ill ‘“ eecgirs cphee Py ‘atialae vat} de i J if ey ee un i; j ee > ile > ' il oe oy, we yas ’ ' i os as doo EEPYTOCITRC US Curius, Clear-winged Butterfly. Sub. Family Papilione. Genus Urania. Sub-genus Leptocircus, Nob. (Erycinian type). Sus-GENERIC CHARACTERS. Size and aspect of an Erycina; Anterior wings sub-hyaline ; posterior greatly lengthened, and terminating iu two long tails; Head, thorax, and bedy very thick ; Anterior feet, palpi, and Antenne papilioniform. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Black; the exterior half of the superior wings hyaline, bordered with black, inner half with a grecn band, continued on the inferior wings, which are plicated, and edged externally with white. Panilio Curius Fab. Ent. Syst. 3. 1. 28. Don. Ind. Ins. pl. 47. ip ee bad- ——— ne Tuere are only two collections we believe in this country, which possess this rare and extraordinary butterfly, and it may be even doubted whether these specimens do not belong to distinct species. One is in the Banksian cabinet, now possessed by the Linnean Society, the other in that of the lady of our friend J. G. Children Esq. Zoologist to the British Museum. We are told the species has been “made into a genus” by some continental methodist, but who, according to the disreputable and slovenly mode fast creeping among us, gives no definition. We have elsewhere expressed our reasons for rejecting all such names (North. Zool. 2. pref. lx.), and we are thus pledged to do so upon every occasion. Nature has so admirably disguised this insect in the external form of that tribe of butterflys which she intends it to represent, that it was only upon looking to its ana- tomical construction, that we discovered it was a type of the true Papilionx, and not of the Frycinw. The con- struction of the anterior feet, of the head and_ palpi, and of the antenne, all which are here represented, mag- nified, places this fact beyond doubt, and leaves us nothing to desire but a knowledge of its caterpillar and chrysalis, and of the direction of the wings when the species is at rest. We suspect that like those of Urania, they are then defleved. 106. 7? 3 u . = + . j * i ‘ = i { i ‘ \ a , \ al os ¥ “we : j » ' = - oe SO eee - + ¥ al 7 > ® ( i ‘With 1 ee as wr ® - jas ‘ Sapae dates | be i a4 4 jl : fi ny ee4 Lad ’ vs I 14> + Lf ; + ls ’ en - APS SLE 7 f : “Pie Pe). ae : eh “ ) ¢ PGT) ela Si “ a . - _ > t 4 i: a | | Pa < Se is TROGON Mextcanus. f- Mexican Trogon. fenr. L107 TROGON_ Mexicanus, Mexican Trogon. female. (on a Tribe Fissirostris. Family Trogonide. See North Zool. 2, p. 326. GENERIC CHARACTERS. Body thick. Budi very short, strong, thick, nearly triangular, but the sides compressed, surrounded by long, stiff, bristly feathers, the culmen arched from the base. Wings very convex, the quills graduated ; tail very broad, feet short, weak, gressorial. Sup-GENERA. i. Bill with several unequal serratures on the margin of the upper mandible; head not crested, tail even, tarsi feathered to the base of the toes; anterior toes united to half their length. America. TroGON. Aucé . Billserrated; head with an erect compressed crest; tail very long, cuneated. America. CaLurus. Sw. 3. Bill entire. Inhabits tropical Asia. Harpactes. Sw. . Bill with obscure serratures: tarsi naked, covered with scales ; the two anterior toes divided nearly to their base. (Type, Trogon Narina). Africa. APALODERMA. Sv. vo = SPECIFIC CHARACTER. female. Breast and upper plumage olive brown ; body and under tail covers crimson; front, chin, and ears grey ; wing covers lineated with undulate dusky lines ; two middle tail feathers Ferruginous brown, with black tips. ee We have already given the general reader some account of the manners of these very singular birds, and we have said more upon them in North. Zool. Vol 2. Having figured the male on our 82nd plate, we now exhibit, in the female, that remarkable difference between the sexes, which per- vades all the species. Our figure and specific character renders a detailed description of the plumage unnecessary ; it should be observed, however, that the lateral tail feathers, in the female, are without those two black transverse bands on the inner web, towards the tip, which are so conspicu- ous in the male. There is another species from Mexico, which country seems to be the most northern range of these birds. We feel gratified at being able to characterize four typical forms of the genus ; all of which, at the same time, are marked by geographic PEARED: 107. al ._:* ; : Dy ? . * T a ‘ S ) vets ane aie an 7 ; j . WP ic ; . 7 ‘ a7 { ; : a s BE 7 ri fonth wea dee & Vien pi a r ped TONS oe SY eae i ' ; 4 ott pert RN aaa ee j yh iby d ' ‘ Lait ee? nig : % } ; - 5. ’ A i} ww ee i f ! . a iv bs Fh a ie 2 . ua n f ' nr Seyi kee pity 3t) ae ‘ . hats} , Pull - % i> re : \ . ; * : ’ f " 7, La’ Aha 4 = — emnanaieire 5 cf re, Wale “ Lay | 7 - 7 tie ‘ ; D Jt. 7 Pr PIray ifm | Ne 7 ‘ i . i : — = a = ACHATINELLA. Pl. 2. 1, bulimotdes. 2,livide . LOS ACHATINELLA © bulimoides, il} hick-spired Achatinella—middle figures. en GENERIC CHARACTER. See pl. 99. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell ovate-oblong, subventricose, whiteish, with chesnut bands ; spire thickened, the tip pale brown. Achatinella bulimoides. Sw. zn Brands Journ. Ap. 1828. p. 85. eee We continue our [llustrations of these pretty little land- shells, of which all the species, as we before remarked, are natives of the South Sea Islands, and very little known to collectors. The present is distinguished by the thickness of its spire, the apex being more suddenly pointed. We have represented two varieties in point of colour, but in both the suture is scarcely, if at all, margined by an indented grove. ee ACHATINELLA livida, Livid Achatinella. Ce SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell reversed, ovate, obtuse, livid brown or greyish ; spire thick- ened ; suture with a deep fulvous line. Achatinella lividia. Brands Journ. Ap. 1828. p. 85. ae A small reversed species, unbanded, and scarcely excced- ing half an inch in length. In form it perfectly resembles the green variety of Bulimus citrinus. The three specimens in our museum vary in colour from a light olive brown, to a livid purple which lies in longitudinal shades, and grad- ually changes, on the spiral whorls, to white ; suture marked by a line of deep orange brown ; aperture white, tinged with purple. 108. ee i ) iff tale ies, “i - g! i WIE iG / pg 7 we Pay pee aa 2 ay, “af Le (ad Ge on y “i > = rv 7a te _ i - on 7 MURICIN#.P1.5. MUREX (PHYLLONOTUS) uwertaics. VAT. MUREX (¢Phyllonotus) Imperialis, Imperial Murev. var. a. — Genus Murex. Sub-genus Phyllonotus. Nod. SUubp-GENERIC CHARACTERS. See pl. 100. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. See pl. 67. Scere ae in a popular work like this, we wish to consult the taste of the amateur, no less than of the philosophic naturalist ; and with this object we have delineated a beautiful variety, having the aperture rose colour, of the Murex imperialis already figured at pl. 67 of our second volume. I[t was then in the possession of Messrs. Stuchbury, and was nearly the only one, among very many of the usual orange- mouthed specimens, which came to their hands. We have already intimated that the series of types in this genus, (see pl. 100) besides possessing innumerable analogies in the class Mollusa, exhibits a most singular one with the series of vertebrated animals; four of which can be traced by comparing them with four of the classes of the vertebrated circle. Commencing with Phyllonotus, we may call them, from the hideous and repulsive aspect of many of the species, the Reptile type, as the name given to one (Murex scorpio), sufficiently intimates. In the tooth-like spines of Murex tenuispinosus we see some resemblance to the teeth of quadrupeds : the Murex haus- tellum has been well compared to the head of a snipe, while in the fin shaped varices of Murex pinnatus, we have a representation of the fish. If the analogy between Centronotus and the Amphibia cannot be traced, it is because the latter has so few forms; but the Hedgehogs, which represent the Amphibia in the circle of Quadrupeds, are again represented under the form of a shell, in the ° sub-genus Centronotus. ‘These analogies, however remote are unquestionably natural, because they follow each other in a uniform series. Thus, Murex . . represents Mammalia. Haustellaria . . . . Aves. Pierynotus,. . .-. . Pisces. Centronotus . . . . Amphibea—Hystrix. Phyllonotus . . . . Reptilia. 109 TIO MARIUS (PETREUS) Thetys. Larva & Pupe. ee are : +e ee MARIUS (Petreus) Thetys, Thetys Butterfly. (a mi Family Nymphalide. Sub-family Paphiane. Genus Marius. Sub-genus Petreus. (Heliconian Type.) Sus-GENERIC CHARACTER. Superior wings long, horizontally lengthened; Larva naked, with 3, 4 fleshy filaments on the body. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. See pl, 56. $$$ $e Tue perfect insect, or butterfly, of this elegant species, we have already figured at pl. 59 of our second volume : and that our illustration of a form so interesting may be com- plete, we have now delineated the caterpillar and the chrysalis, as given by Stoll; together with a sprig of the Cashew tree upon which it feeds. Every entomologist, upon looking to the perfect insect, will immediately be struck with its resemblance to the long-winged Heliconian Butterflys, and to the genus Hupleea, which is the Ery- cipian type of that family. Now this resemblance, which hardly requires pointing out, is a perfectly natural analog gy; and is confirmed in the most remarkable manner by ‘the caterpillar, which puts on that peculiar form which dis- tinguishes Huploea. The species in short, in every stage, exemplifies the truth of that fundamental law of nature which we have elsewhere so fully illustrated, viz. ‘ that “every natural group, contains representations of at others ‘in the same class,”’ following each other precisely in the same series: thus establishing a truth which has long been suspected, but not before demonstrated, that the laws of variation are precisely the same in every group throughout the animal kingdom. The genus itself represents the Swallow-tailed “types already “figured (Podalirius, Pro- tesilaus, and Leptocircus), but of the three remaining sub-genera of Marius, we are as yet ignorant. It is, however, by this genus that the two sub -families of Paphi- an and Heliconine are united; as it blends into the latter by means of the genus Fabius, which we shall shortly illustrate. Re a ee en da . f r tT Fr 1 i - i] ~~ R 7 4 ve L P L a A ed ‘te } U bi a . , a 1 a —_— ; a ’ « t 9 i ¢ } White - ° Lot ae ; i e a aa , i he a3) % fn on f Ui 7 GY ip« : ie ‘ pers Tay we : ¢ ai 7 } a ' Be 38 bs} te is oe ley - x f 7 i —_ ae rh ; mag 208 | ‘ oe 2 Fi : _ Aer ‘ a ; Z%YONIA AHeltconides. PL. 1. os F P re 8 a Fae ay eae, ee ~ ZEONIA Heliconides, Leonia Butterfly. Family Erycinide. Sub-family Erycine. Genus—; Sub-genus Zeonia. Nob. Sus-GENERIC CHARACTER. Wings trigonal, hyaline, the posterior ending in long tails; Palpi very short, not projecting beyond the head; Antenne hairy, with the club very small, but gradually thickening from the base — SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Wings hyaline ; the margins, and a common central band black and opaque ; inferior wings two-tailed, with a red stripe at the anal angle. Se No method is more calculated to demonstrate the existence of that symbolical representation which reigns throughout nature, than that of bringing before the eye of the student a series of forms belonging to different families, but which are disguised, under an outward appearance of general similitude ; How few, even among professed entomologists, would suspect that the present butterfly, and Leptocircus heliconides, p\. 106, were of totally different families: looking to their general aspect, as size, form, and colour, we should even be tempted to place them in the same genus ; On closer examination, however, we find that one is a genuine Papilio, and the other an Erycina; That this fact may be placed beyond all doubt, we have given magnified details of both insects, which, from their creat rarity, will be highly ac- ceptable to the Entomologist. The specimen here figured is the only one we met with in Brazil, nor have we seen the species in any other collec- tion ; Excepting the black bands and the crimson spots, all the wings are transparent; the under surface being similar to the upper. We possess the mutilated remains of a second species ; but we know not to what natural genus they belong. Fig. 1. Zeonia, wing. 2. Leptocircus, wing. 3. Zeonia ; anterior foot, with the claw more enlarged; 4. head and palpi in profile; 5. Antenne. fade te ae « \ . . ‘ ba AUTTCOMES . Golden-eared Parrakecé. PTOLOPHUS 4 LE U2 =f MALTA AES SEP a ce pees : —— * : » a 4 - “ae } 3 a WJ F ’ —_e a aes / < : ~ “i y ae f Bs cd 3 \ ; 4 oo. i ~ my’, naa 4 Chk . \ mae ( j ; Ghats a Sih) a ‘ - thes 4 ' a a ee, Se ers Pepa gy 3.1 re , é' toon Se Bite ee eerie Tt! ie . . 4 . o's ™4 the “} > > : é ' sf “ + ' Ms € rr. ~ ks * = Sgt a : . ‘ ' * ( , « 2 ve TB f 7 mati 7 ieee f ' J ’ i , ar i Gera Pes, .:| a i . ¢ , bi ' j “ J - ? “* oly LEPTOLOPHUS auricomis, Golden-eared Parrakeet. Sub-family Psittacinee. Genus Platycercus. Sub-genus Leptolophus. (The Rasorial type.) Susp-GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill distinctly toothed, culmen slightly carmated; nostrils thick, tumid, naked; head crested; wings very long, outer web of the quills not sinuated ; tail very broad, cuneated, the two middle tail feathers conspicuously longest and pointed. SpecIFIC CHARACTER. Cinereous, wings with a longitudinal white stripe ; ears orange ; lateral tail | feathers banded with yellow and black. Paleornis Nove-Hollandiz. New Holland Parrakeet. ears Parrots, No 8. — Tue discovery of this remarkable and highly interesting Australian species is due to Allen Cunningham, Esq. who, on an inland expedition ordered by our government, in 1827, discovered it in small flocks on the arid sandy plains between Lat. 29 and 28, 50. Long. 1503 EK. We must again express our public thanks to this intelligent and liberal naturalist for the ornithological specimens then collected. Among these were two skins of the bird in question ; but as the mere addition of a new species to our already overwhelming list would be of little importance to the philosophy of the science, we have hitherto refrained from publishing it. In truth, the natural affinities of this extraordinary Cockatoo-Parrakeet called for a much deeper investigation of the whole family than it had yet received, nor are we ashamed to confess that nearly five years elapsed before we could partially accomplish this, with any thing like satisfactory results. But we regret not the delay, since it is obvious that the illustration of such an apparently anomalous form as this, is infinitely more use- ful to science than the specification, in a few lines, of a hundred new species, or even of as many new genera, unaccompanied by analytical or comparative results. The time, in fact, is now gone by, when such crude additions to ornithological nomenclature, possess any claim to per- manent interest, or carry with them any authority: they encumber rather than advance science, by keeping up the already overwhelming stock of undigested materials. Mr. Lear has recently given beautiful figures of this species, but under the peculiarly inappropriate name of Palornis Nove-hollandix. The genus is Platycercus, all the species of which are from New Holland, excepting those of the Fissirostral type. The exactness of our figure renders a detailed account of its plumage unessential. 112 & an ie ee ‘ R . 3 ‘ t ’ : = 1 ‘ 4 « 7 ie . f ‘ \ i 4 ¥ = 4 ft ‘= 1 j ‘ f i rl hi ‘ i * » Hi - yee SAL [ 1 3% V se i ; es, 1 tee j i) ) i + i 4 4 i * 5 MUR EX (Centronotus)radtx ’ MUREX (Centronotus) radix, Porcupine Murex. — Genus Murex. Sub-genus Centronotus. Nod. Sus-GENERIC CHARACTER. See pl. 100. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell ovate globuse, trasversely grooved ; with numerous varices, armed with compressed, spine-like foliations: colour white ; the spines, base, and inner lip black. Murex radix. Gm. 3527. Lam. Syst. 7. 168. a er -— Cenrronotus radix was formerly a shell of excessive rarity, but many specimens have latterly been brought from Panama ; one of these, obligingly lent to us by Mr. Cum- min, we have here figured of the natural size. We cannot too often place before the student those objects in nature which seem more especially to illustrate that won- derful system on which the whole has been created. In the infinite diversity which pervades the works of ‘Him who made us,” two things have obviously been intended: one, the manifestation of His power in the creation of the individual : the other, an illustration of some important truth connected with the spiritual welfare of mankind. The first is manifest, and speaks to our senses: the second is emblematical, and calls for an exertion of those reasoning faculties with which the Creator, for such purposes, aided by those helps he has promised, has given tous. In accordance with this latter assumption, both divines and Naturalists concur in consi- dering Nature as a book of Emblems, “ where one thing represents another.”’? That this theory, resting heretofore on general belief, is capable of mathematic definition, we have elsewhere largely demonstrated, (North. Zool). And if, as regards one division of animated nature the theory is correct, it follows that it will be equally manifested in al/ other portions of the animal world, when they are sufficiently investigated. Hence itis that remote resemblances between objects, widely different in themselves, can be explained: hence the analogy which the Giires bears to the Hedgehogs, and to the Ceblepyrinz ; and hence the resemblance between this shell and the Porcupines ; an analogy the more singular, as it extends even to the black and white colour of the spines. 113, aia val BE fnat Lad ait ra se >a eh seek Ce uy. Pegeays “~ 5 Sere / A = * Shi “eg etait Dae : JASIA Australis, Australian Jasia- Butterfly. $$ Family Nymphalide. Sub-family Paphiane. Genus,— SuB-GENERIC CHARACTER. See pl. 90. SpEctFIC CHARACTER. Wings above yellowish white, the outer half of the anterior black with a series of spots disposed in the shape of the letter Y ; inferior wings with a black border, margined by cinereous, and an orange spot at the anal angle. ee We believe the specimen from which our figures of this new and strikingly distinct butterfly were taken, is the only one which has yet been sent to Europe. It was captured by Mr. Cunningham, who accompanied Captain King, in his voyage to the North West coast of Australia, on the skirts of Careening Bay, Port Nelson, where the Ship Mermaid was hove down; and _ the officers had more leasure to attend to zoological pursuits. Mr. Cun- ningham remarked that it flew with great swiftness, in which respect it perfectly resembles the rest of the genus Jasia, of which it is a typical example. The geographic range of. this group is thus proved to extend from the South of Europe to Australia, but it is entirely unknown in the new world. The family of Nymphalide is the sub-typical group of the diurnal Lepidoptera, forming our tribe Papiliones. In its own circle it therefore represents the Mera among quadrupeds, the Raptores among birds, the Aptera among annulose animals, and the Scolopendride in the order Myriapoda. ‘The analogical representations resulting from this view of the subject are innumerable. 114 AD TRRACGOLUS dsub-fasctatus. Mb TERACOLUS sub-fasciatus, Burchells Yellow. —— Eee Family Papilionide. Sub-family Colianz. Genus (?). Terocolus Nob. GENERIC CHARACTERS. Antenne with the club abrupt, and more or less compressed anterior wings trigonal, posterior rounded; Palpi as in Colias, but the scales intermixed with hairs. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Anterior wings pale yellow, with a terminal orange spot, margined externally with brown, and internally by a short black bar ; areola with a black dot ; posterior wings yellow- ish white, both beneath immaculate. Sanne: eee Mr. Burcuetz was the first who discovered this unpublished species in the interior of Southern Africa, and by his kind- ness we are enabled to illustrate it. His specimens, unfortunately, are not in the best condition, for he was obliged to preserve many of his insects in books; and these, having been among the number, may probably have had the antenne more compressed than they were in nature. The form of this butterfly, nevertheless, is perfectly distinct from Colias, as may be seen by comparing the nerves of the anterior wings, here given in outline. Not having completed our analysis of the Colianw, we cannot speak with any confidence on the rank or the station of this type ; we are inclined to believe it is a genus between those of Colias and Terias, connecting this sub- family with the Licinine. It may, however, be one of the sub-genera of Colias, in which case the genus, which it would then represent, is unknown. Fig. 1. represents the anterior wing of Teracolus, 2, of Terias, and 3, of Colias. i ba Its i ' _ ‘ < ; ; oe ¥3 ; ; Oy ‘ a 7 BONA Fenestrata 4 i} lel 6 es. eae ig Brit HELEONA fenestrata, Australian Burnet. 2 i Tribe Sphingides. Family Anthoceride. Sw. (Zyganide Auct.) Genus—? Sus-GENERIC CHARACTERS. Anterior Wings papilioniform, i. e. the exterior margin as long, or longer, than that of the posterior; inferior wings lengthened perpendicularly, but short and rounded; Antenne pectinate in both sexes. Type Phalena militaris. Lin. Don. Ins. of China. pl. 43. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Wings hyaline, clouded with irregular waved bars of blue ; body, thorax, and macular band round the margin of the inferior wings, orange. SEE TO Tue diurnal or Heliconean Hawk-mouths, form one of the most natural and remarkable groups among Lepedopterous insects. They fly during the heat of the day; and, (as representing in their own family the tribe of Phalanides) they have much of the general appearances of moths. In their slow flight, long transparent wings, and proneness to imitate death on being handled, they afford a most beautiful analogy to the Heliconian Butterflys. Both have their chief metropolis in equinoctial America, and both find their prototypes in the lovely family of Evycinide. It is really surprizing that searchers after the natural system, should have overlooked such a group. Among the comparatively few genera of this division, found in India and the adjacent islands, is that now first defined : and we illustrate it by a new and very rare species, even in its own country. It was twice seen by Mr. Cun- ningham, on the North West Coast of Australia ; once in shady woods descending to the shores of York Island, and again in nutmeg woods adjoining Brunswick Bay. The form of the wings, which strongly resemble those of the sub-family Papilionx will immediately distinguish this from all the American genera. ‘The plant, Pattersonia glauca, is of a sub-genus also peculiar to New Holland. 116, ‘ sf ’ = “4 ! 9 i j jr } nV rs i ¢ ,. ‘ : q ' 5 Y v — -* * : = ’ - \ 4 ‘ a cou ’ alt Papa rie 7 ¥) ; i oY : F 7 7 - i] ay 7 i) i: iT ya , i y : : . ; ; ~~. bd 4 a Ce Peer opr) Vi, Weg Es IW ¢ OPE PM A ‘ ‘ol mins 14 ay 5 Vy mg ‘ oN yee (WEIR a » 4 ‘ 5 , : re. ot ; seal ; - t 4 ri ’ ia f vu | ae " ‘ } , coh | te Oe os V5 ots vt {y iat Oe 1 i Dy va ] vi y 1) T a Leal rue ib Ad A , < | 7 hal Ot BRE > 1) aa 7 ALANT Te e ers Med, iar t | Ody trae oe) i : F j ’ ‘ { Ds aoe Pe ‘ ¢ * : rae’ UAE a ye! a) hia ‘SY 4 sd AS ROPES ae vgs 7 7 a4 : ’ a rT ae ee CGk ONTO, TO ee es re 4 “ - q +O o itn oa ; vr, yi : i _—) # ; EN yi a1 (PS eldest) aah ee yi) (Pl Ae Tid Lane * ie : : at : ‘ x ; rere eet. vk ri an f ae wait } TTI E At fl 489 ed ye ee ns ited VI EF ; ; : : b "29 eT Ou | a Se. Mien} ,.. i) aR Me Oa: bis ee eh he & is i ee TY ‘ => : MS a . / ee . Ve i > i { a" , A a 3 a9 ; _ Le . ? \d 7 ‘, ‘yg 1 ¢ a : = Ma = ‘ : : : ‘er . i ) : ; : “ ~ ey : 17 LEPTONYX macreptus. Great tocted habbler . LEPTONYX macropus Great-footed Babbler. re Family Merulide. Sub-family Crateropodinee. Genus Malacocircus, Sw. Sub-genus Leptonix. (The Rasorial type.) Nob. SuB-GENERIC CHARACTER. Feet of extraordinary size and thickness, all the anterior toes of nearly equal length; the claws long, slender, and but slightly curved. Tail slightly rounded, of fcurteen feathers. Wings very short. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Above brown beneath whiteish, with transverse undulated lines ; breast and rump, rufous brown ; chin, stripe above and beneath the eye, whiteish. i For the use of this new and singularly formed bird, we are indebted to Professor Hooker, who, with his usual liberal- ity, has recently sent for our inspection, a valuable box of Chilian birds, most of which are undescribed. They form the foundation of his son’s, Mr William Hooker's collection, who has already commenced with much zeal the study of this interesting science. All the rasorial characters are strikingly displayed in this extraordinary type; which exhibits the greatest developement of the foot of any insessorial bird yet discovered. It no doubt lives entirely upon the ground; for the feet are formed precisely on the same model as those of Menura and Orthonya, both of which are the rasorial types of their respective circles, and are conse- quently representatives of Leptonyx: the same analogy explains its resemblance to a partridge, and more dis- tantly to the sub-genus Erythaca Sw. by its rufous breast The Indian bird erreneously called Pitta thoracica by M. Temminck, follows this in close affinity, and is either the Grallatorial type, or the immediate point of connection between Malacocircus Sw. and Timalia Horsf. Total length 9 inches ; bill from the gape 1;';; wings 4; tail 3; tarsusl$; hind toe and claw 13. 417. a a i pe Pee ne . Fy 7 . v ~ , i A SS RY > Ne Ne xi Si > 3a BYSSOARCA Zebra. 716 BYSSOARCA Zebra. Zebra Ark-shell. ee Genus. Area. Lin. Lam. Sub-genus. Byssoarca. Nod. Sus-GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal fixed by byssiform filaments to other bodies. Shell trans- verse; umbones remote; valves gaping in the middie of the ventral margin. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Margins angulated ; valves marked with simple uniform and regular grooves, radiating from the umbones: shell trans- versely and obliquely striped with brown. EE Ir is somewhat surprising that the sedentary type of the genus Arca should have been so long uncharacterized in our Conchological Systems; seeing that the other four types, viz. Arca, Pectunculus, Cuculloeea, and Nucula, were defined many years ago by the celebrated Lamarck. We have consequently supplied this omission; and at the same time have selected a species hitherto, we believe, confounded with the B. Nox; from which it differs in sculpture, colour, and in the umbones being less remote from each other. The Animals of these shells affix themselves to other bodies by a particular muscle, which is protruded through the gaping part of the valves; they also adhere, when young, by the byssiform epidermes which covers the exterior: a specimen now before us, which we procured in the Bay of Naples, perfectly exemplifies this singular property. The present species is not uncommon in the West Indies, and has been sent to us from Jamaica. Like all others of this particular type it is almost constantly covered by coralline substances. 118 z . = y n 4 ¥ “4 af f a ba = . ‘ APALIS Chor ACticn. Corget Warbler. 119 Perry. 7 < APALIS thoracia, Gorget Warbler. Family Syiviade. Sub-fam: Sylviane. Genus (?) Apalis. GENERIC (?) CHARACTER. General structue of Prinea, but the bill shorter, the plumage more compact, and the outer toe not connected to the middle as far as the first joint. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Olive green, beneath yellowish white ; breast with a black cellar ; three lateral tail-feathers partly white : front black. Le Plastron Noir. Le Vaill. Ois.@ Af. 3 pl. 123. f. 1. male. 2. fem. Motacilla thoracia. Wat. Afiss. 22. pl. 969. oe erm Em Tuis is one of the pretty warblers of Southern Africa, discovered by Le Vaillant: it is very common and widely distributed in the interior, but rare near the Cape. Le Vaillant mentions having found a young bird of the Criard Cuckoo, in the pigmy nest of this little species, which had already grown to the size of a thrush: it not only filled the nest, but actually enlarged and destroyed its original shape, Yet still did the foster parents, by a most extraordinary instinct, go on feeding this overgrown parasite, although it was even then more than double the size of themselves. Our figure is of the natural size of the male; the female is without the black collar. Specimens are in Mr. Burchell’s Museum and in our own. That this bird is of a tenuirostral type, is almost certain ; seeing that it is an obvious representation of AMotucilla, Pachycephala, Tamatia, Trichas, Charadrius, and many other collared groups : but whether it forms part of the genus Prinea, or represents the tenuirostral genus between that and Culicivora, is very uncertain. We suspect that this latter station is filled by the Taylor-Warblers of India, not one of which is to be found in our public Museums. 119 = * J q y % ' N . CUN TIA. adtsstmeles — APPR. ie CLY TIA dissimiles, Ldea-likeness Butterfly. —a Family Papilicnide. Sub-fam. Papilione. Genus Clytia. GENERIC CHARACTER. Wings rounded, spotted. Anterior broad, ample, the posterior and the external margins of equal length: posterior slightly undu- lated at the margin, but destitute of tails. Pupa braced, with the head upwards. Tyres. Pap. Clytia, dissimiles. Z. Pap. Macarius. Grodart. P. Panope Cr. Sprcific CHARACTER. H ings black, the interstices of the nerves pale fulvous white, broken into numerous stripes and spots, inferior wings with a marginal row of orange spots, surmounted by pale lunules, on a black border. Papilio dissimilis Linn. Kab. Ent. Syst. 3.1. p. 38. Ency. Meth. 1. p. 76, Cramer. Pl. 82. c.p. Remer. Gen. Ins. pl, 18. f. 6. a We have never seen specimens of this Butterfly from any other country than China, although it appears that General Hardwicke fas met with it in British India, and has communicated a valuable drawing of the larva and pupa to Dr. Horsfield, in whose interesting work it is engraved. To that plate we must refer the entomologist who wishes to understand the previous states of this insect; while its general aspect at once intimates its resemblance or analogy to the Sub-genus Jdea F, and consequently points it out as the generic type of that form in the circle of the Papilione. According to these views, Clyéia is united to Amphrysius, by ihe sub-genus Epius ; (Pap. Epius. Auct.) and at the same time forms the generic passage to the Pieride. Sw. For want of a better term, we must call this the Rusorial type, as it corresponds to that Ornithological group. The aberrant group of the Sub-family Papilionx appear to be the genera Letlus, Sw. (Uranea Lat.) Antimachus. Sw. and Clytia Sw. the two typical genera being Papilio and Amphrisius, Sw. 120 ne a ee Ch Cee ; Arana weed vee ii on *, we ora NM A Me Yea i oe . _ _ : ie ie ae ne, ane pa ' | : ; _ > it 7 : z - ia penal Bir 7 Pr oe a * in ea te ie vi oa a ae PE ie coe ' i e “4 a i fs : my me if as a), a ae rte (ay A e uae : Nes | = i io : aM La oat ry iY i i” fu a are oi! , oF ae 7 a a ry 7s cs ad iF i, ha , race a Te ae te Hate FR cclihe sel 7 ro “a 7 a os (ape teak 9 ae ve ‘ an eiah ms ah a eg Toe an ae : ma o a ie eae oe iy nase hae nid TNL 7) = a Se 3 7 re es Ee 4 4 mks ieee : Hrs So red my ee f 4 oat ht ‘i " ig? om ‘ig pe Atte pias a } Races Beads nL ie aaa ; oe ny is : ¥ Prom os i te Pi Ne ae ilies fies he | ap a os : a of ia va) ain onan: os _) 4 sang 15 Bh ; Oak one Ane 7s ee 4 sae ae . - en) 8) Ai Hit: o! a nS hearty ay Chae wfe® en a G fj ie x : an “a ag it a be eng ; 16 oe if Py "hd ati yi ‘e ty PO) HoH hy i 1 '% any ie a 24 h ae My, i ! " i} a 4 eee i, a oe Aig : ag Ke er > a ae re Here ee a) at ya kik Seay Pen : vy 7 : ¥ 1 ent. a at ea iy ; n ; fr rr 7 : oe yey yy ; nats mn i rh drole x a ws ee Wy we vi. ie + © Sh a ati el { na x vs yeh: nt VN aD ae a 1) a, ‘et ¥) my ils oe Arig Se “ae nN oe Ne ny wh hae oh: “io nh oe Bidet oa aby Bary, ee Sue a ee “er it id ae ae wi iit, oe day a eae M re ue a fe ahs “se . < 5 - 7 - io ey ay hy r 1 tae} F Ae is Key! vo av yee “jae ie : eka ay 7 MP aie hal py an va an : ah ia i: ; oe re i : vi 3 iT a * Oe Tte v« - 5 olae ett oe ae as ye % eae ne Ne Su ee 3 i he “ithe “ts ote Ae elt Te ae os a oe a a i ian bibs ‘7%, tne a Mi ‘coda aes ‘ eae st a (ante nS & 4 skal Asie Cle 5 ' A ’ se Ow ms e as or O, va ae har : “va i, rh as pee w y) fs 7 fn Oh es i A pare ae ay 7 ike -_ econ a wi, i iW 7 oe ¥ ¥é ay. og uf wady Ge Pe (cua See a : ve 7 r \ H . ayy) ( } ». *. 7 j 1 re mee ie I ea uA ; 5 - ne i) 7 : : : a Diet Ors 7 ; > 7 a re ay ta BAA ca ; D « f — : ed ek ¥ ny + oo Cy Lor y vs hr : [peas : . - wees oe i ly 7 4 7 wa? Rudy : ; ee | iw a ow, Af at ee oe 4 : ie f 7 am int ‘7 ; 7 _ Pain es ve ; , ie oe. ee . = 506 pe.' ULC ae % TY ‘“ af THOAS Lystthous Sw. THOAS Lysithous, Lysithous Butterfly. ESS EO Sub-fam. Papilione. Genus, Papilio. Sw. Sub-genus Thoas. Nod. Sus-GENERIC CHARACTER. Posterior wings terminating in spatulate or obtuse tails ; the margins deeply scoloped; Larva smooth; Pupa braced, with the head directed upwards. TYPICAL SECTIONS. 1. Wings with macular yellow bands. Par. THoaAs. Auct. 2. Wings with entire white bands, the posterior spotted with crimson. AGAVIUS. 3. Wings black, varied with emerald green bands or dots; tails short, obtuse. PaRIs. 4. Tails obsolete. EvANDER. 5. Tails short, acute. ANDROGEUS. SpeciFic CHARACTER. WVings uniform black ; anterior with a white band ; posterior dentated and tailed, margined by red lunules ; the disk white, bordered behind by 4—5 red spots. Papilio Lisithous. Ency. Meth. 1. p. 73, no. 136. ee We discovered this imposing species in the interior of Brazil, in 1814, long before it was made known in France by the specific name we have adopted. It is confined to the southern provinces ; for we never met with it north of the Rio St. Francesco. Although greatly resembling Thoas Agavus and Harrisianus, (Z. Ul. 1 Series, pl. 109) it is at once distinguished by the longer and more acute dentations of the inferior wings. The under side shews no material difference from the upper. ‘To the second type of thissubgenus belongs also Ascarius L. Polybius Sw. (Z. 1. 1 Series. pl. 137), and Tros. Fab. while Dardanus KF. probably connects this American group with the third or Paris type, whose geographic range is confined to Asia. In the fourth form (Hvander), representing the Heli- conian type, the tails are obsolete, but they begin to appear again in the fifth, and thus complete the circle of the sub-genus Thoas. By studying this natural series, the Entomologist will discover a most beautiful set of analogies between the genera Papilio and Amphrisius. 121. 1 ray t t i r { i . a : " ? i i » Pm ne > as : 5 ' os reel : é ‘ a ee i i / . c = ; / i ? i i i . J, . » = ‘ ‘ ¥ < 4 ay '< : , : « Ss Fi j ‘ = f y ; J +) ae t= 7 ! a5: 4 i ual - is > ‘ . j zl 2 i 1 xy a os ny . he ° ey ee oy ns = ~ ~ ., y _ - 4 4 ' 7 \ ‘ . a \) nt Hy : if rf ied MUREX (Preronotus) pmnatns 122 eS MUREX (Pteronotus,) pinnatus. Finned Mure. ae Family Buccinide. Sub-fam. Muricine. Sw. Genus Murex. Liv. Sub-genus Pteronotus. Sw. Sus-Generic CHARACTER. See Pl. 100. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell snowy white, with three twisted varices, which are sur- mounted by a thin, dilated fringe, having the margins undulated ; channel curved ; outer lip crenate. Murex pinnatus. Swatns. Bligh. Cat. App. p. 17. Martini. Conch. 3 pl. m1. fig. 1036—1087. (bad.) ee = Tus highly elegant and delicate species was first described by us in the Catalogue of the Bligh Collection, at the sale of which a specimen produced five pounds. Latterly, however, the species has become more frequent : the figures are taken from a fine individual in our Museum, procured fron China. The pure white of the surface is relieved by a slight iredescent or pearly gloss, similar to that on the scales of many fish: but which is probably concealed, in a state of nature, by a thick and soft epidermis, similar to that of Triton corrugatum, Lam. The structure of this sub-genus is further remarkable for the prolongation of the basal end of the principal varex on the body whorl, which, in nearly all the species, is so prominent, as to give the shell an appearance of having two channels. It is remarkable that this horn-like process occurs in that part of the shell which is immediately above the head of the animal: so that even in this genus of Mollusca we see a manifestation of that principle of the natural system, by which one of the abberant types of nearly all animals have crests, horns, or similar pretuber- ances on or near the head. 122 ‘ / ‘ oe 2 i \ : = uv = ~ : - Fad i ivi 7 : 5 : ; Fi eR ; s - , ; - \ - } Ps + ‘a “« ce ' 7 Pe os D a Le i i . se zi , ra 7 : a sf i=) ’ ‘ : — f * a . ’ v t ~ "i ; - x2 ; A! i a : a { , a Ore ; ! i au — Z : ty 5 — ‘ . re ree - “4 f " a 4 : j . i : —_ < - ‘ t. 1 3 7 Pas ! i j ri ‘ , 2 + re pie . \ on z . i ‘ ’ i i E §, ‘| u = « iy 7 a. J * ; < i a } ts uy ‘ ; » A i i te q 1 ? 3 ‘ vy y - rs ¥ : h 1 ow ey ey) 1 nN 4 i F oll an a | j i : Rr get i i \ oe 4 ; ¢ ; fy P 3 + 5 i ? ia : ai f at a : i 5 1 — io ; i j ‘ : I 4 t . r i - * : ‘ ; > Bd bed OL, By 4 ro” acu es ’ Ae it wall 1 Ni y ’ is em Fe =? i ‘ f ( ; — 7% } i + ad : a i! a 4 nt } ACHATINELLA. P15. Lrosca.2.pulcherrima, < ie . wae a e : , ? ; : co. * a fe ae a ‘ Lie = Ne * oe i , “Yt I - ee , eae ’ f T * + ke - 7 2 c*« - ~ ; ‘ ; ae * - h bts , os ‘ae ° é = } - 4 . a + ACHATINELLA rosea, Rosey, reversed Achatinella. SEE Sus-GENERIC CHARACTER. See pl. 99 and 108. Speciric (?) CHARACTER. Shell reversed, ovate-oblong, sub-ventricose, pale rose colour, with obsolete white bands. Ach. bulimoides (var. rosea) Swains. in Brand's Journal Cap. 1828: p. 89. et ge Tue figures on this plate complete the illustration of our monograph of this piety and interesting group of shells. At present, we feel undecided whether this is a spegies, or a variety of A. bulimoides, from which it differs in being reversed, in having the marginal groove very distinct, instead of scarcely perceptible, and in colour. We possess only two specimens which came, with all the others, from the Pacific Islands. EE ACHATINELLA puleherrima. Fig. 2. Shell ovate-oblong. sub-cylindrical, white or yellow, with broad bands of chesnut ; margin of the lip, brown. Ach, pulcherrima. Sw, ut. sup. p. 86. Tus species is the most lengthened in form, and the most beautiful in colour of all those we have yet seen: some individuals, however, are more ventricose than others and the colours are no less variable. The ground colour is usually of a rich and deep chesnut, with from one to three bands of orange yellow, fulvous, or white; we have figured a further variety of a rich golden yellow with a chesnut line only at its suture: but in all these the marginal groove is very close and distinct. 123, » fs rrrestna. 2 helrconrdes . ANTHOMYZA = rn ; i. a aaa. = : F . — Be oe on > === Sot SO! “ ¥ Ve dio Par ees : ae ‘ ° ae a 2 . —— _— 4 = = aI , + ~& - = ae es: 1 : +A C _ a <= ap ; Le, . at & : 5 5 7 5 - =~ x - : a ’ - - . * A [ - } > * - : . S . rs ion ‘ 7 te . <& x Ps ~— ie « - Mins ee, . pat Ah be ; ae a * : wan » @ + e A art Ls 7 7 a » ® 7 r iv ad - = “7 : ad ee, ' ’ Y ’ - = asst: Z=. > - f } HiadVe ctetonwe my i> Tat ete ANTHOMYZA _ Tiresia. Three banded Burnet. SS Fribe, Sphingides. Family, Anthoceride. Sw. Genus——— ? Sub-genus. Sus-GENERIC CHARACTER. Anterior wings with the outer or exterior margin much shorter than the posterior; inferior wings lengthened horizontally, but short and rounded. Antenne slightly pectinated in one sex only: palpi pointing vertically. Inhabits Tropical America only. Vo, SpEciFIC CHARACTER. Large: anterior wings black, with one basal, and two trans- verse, opaque, deep yellow hands; posterior yellow, with a broad black border; margins of both wings dotted with white. P. Tiresia. Cramer. Pl. 85. f. B. Sen SnnnnnNInnnNInsiess 7: "sae We now, for the first time, detach from the moth-like, or diurnal Sphinxes, all those large and imposing species which are found in Tropical America; and by comparing their characters with those of the Oriental group Helonia, it will be seen how strikingly they differ. During cur researches in Brazil, the chief metropolis of this group, great attention was paid to these insects, of which we have a most extensive series. ‘They fly slowly and heavily during the middle of the day, and on the least touch counterfeit death. Most of the species, when handled, discharge from their body a brown liquor, like their prototypes the Heliconide. SEE — EEE AN THOMYZA heliconides, Heliconian Buruet. en Anterior wings black, with one basal and two transverse hyaline yellowish white bands: posterior yellowish white, with a broad black border, margins of both wings dotted with white. oo Ir we were not in possession of both sexes of the foregoing species, we should have suspected that ¢his was a mere sexual diiference; but the spots are transparent. ‘The remarkable resemblance between this and some of the Heliconian butterflies, particularly Linus and Psidi, (Cr 1. 257.) is truly astonishing. Nature could not have stamped their analogy stronger. 124, i i , { ; y ee is - a . i . |! it 4 y f vi ~ t * : a oe a 2 , 4 \ rg , ee ies 4 i aS , oy n iy jl ‘ fl » ’ Ad i p \ ‘ ; i | ; 1 A ie i ‘ . 1 r ‘ry . “ Ls y ; 2 i Pa 4 1 f : : i) ee : fe F, ’ , ‘ i ni ve ’ { i i \) i. i ae { ros aan i > Lae « Ts; F ‘ Ph ul hi ae p ‘ . 1 i a (ee * a | ks i ’ . - ) (WF: We oe ap \ = . + , . = 4s i 4 ' i i i . fi el i i ; H ‘ WyR, ; ; _ ; i : ea! i i ; ss 2 je oe ii + : 1 ‘ - ® t X 1 ‘ i my 1 1 q 1 a * ~ U ‘ ‘ f . i ie Ce nS Fe volt a! a «& + i 7 Pons 2 — \ ~ ss ; a = 4 | > ‘ aa . i 7 r ‘ ‘ fi ) , oi - ’ * = : i ul} 7 a 1 4, > . i I - z h, { A \ ; v i i fy git 7 + * . a bd f merrerne UST erweses eit a dW. Suvi PLAINEPLSTS . LEILUS age “S e. A ie aH Ps : { tee * 1. LG Oe ae * ; . < 1 & ; ; , 1h oalig he 7 | | ‘ cin ia Seca i . z “ 7 jake 4 s 2 - ( a p ahi fe ets : . 7 ; ght is Bs cet = a> ~Sewihae is "PaaS “= : : A ~ i woke otf sewat ; 7 ; ial Lge Paks eee A in Be . sah TER KISOR ve A 2 : eee ks und, ] - jen eae Siesaiets rata fy ea : DE 4 Sy. oe we ‘ . is i - r Z ; s , x i an? Ls - : = * i 7 a 4 ? \. Me E c , fs if ' my + I> er oh ee : f An i — if t ey bedhead eeag {8 8 = ) aa ae with ad ingieentbed M Cay 2 ’ ohhh le doth fe nga 5 rer Le ae fg Me pli : sate die , wi] ee ngs ied Pooviar ely 4 i4 Aiver! rr te OV a tS ed leaawens | byl yy ea ij ae a akcent vregsd is cesar an ea | ) (wid ‘Hy % toe + tod dont i , : HS he! laa: ARES tiem aE s rs ' 7H al pa ay eo te Ss : ; 7 ead {ive wif ae ye . ree ar : n | uns 2 alot aa LEILUS Surinamensis. Surinam Emerald Butterfly, Ee Family, Papilionida. Sub-fam Papilione. Genus, Lcilus. Sw. (Fissirostral or Hesperian type) Sub-genus. Leilus proper. Sw. SyNopsIs OF THE SUB-GENERA. 1. Typicau. Antenne filiform, thickened in the middle; posterior wings with long pointed tails. Lrtuus. 11. SuB-Typicau. Antenne as in the last, but arcuated near the tip. Tails of the posterior wings short and obtuse. ORONTES. 111, ABERRANT. Antenne clavate; front very hairy ; tails none. RIPHEUS. Antenna clavate; wings hyaline; tailsvery long. LEPTocIRCus. SrEcIFIC CHARACTER. Wings black, varied with lines and bands of emerald-blue green: posterior tailed ; the green spots round the margin running into each other ; tails nearly white. Papilio Leilus. Linn. Sys. Nat. 2. 750. Fab. Ent. Sys. 3. p. 21. Merian. Surin. pl. 29. Urania Leilus. Fab. Syst. Gloss. a Tue Batterflys composing this remarkable genus are per- haps the most splendid insects in creation. No art can effectually represent the changeable and resplendent green which relieves the velvet black of the wings, and which varies with every change of light. The typical species are found in Tropical America, where they fly with amazing rapidity, and perform, like their prototypes the Swallows, annual migrations, When at rest, the anterior wings are flat or horizontal, but only slightly spread. The present species appears confined to Surinam. Modern systematists have been peculiarly unfortunate in the location and construction of this group; while the name of Urania, bestowed upon it by Fabricius, has long been appropriated to a genus of plants. Linnaus, more correctly, placed it with the genuine Papiliones ; a station which is confirmed by the details of its structure: the anterior feet, like those of Leptocircus, figured at pl. 106, being provided with that short spiney process, which is a peculiar distine- tion of this sub-family. The analogies which result from this location of Zetlus are beautiful, and almost intermina- ble. It is the representation of the Noctuide and of the Hesperide in its own circle; and of the fissirostral tribe of birds; all these being modifications of the natatorial type of the VERTEBRATA, : i 125 fae a ee Me | ic v co e » 7 e ei i f Q ° Jw raSULENSTUS > l LEILUS Braziliensis. Brazilian Emerald Butterfly. EE Supn-Generic CHARACTER. Wings when at rest, horizontal, slightly expanded; posterior fur- nished with acute tails. Palpi short, porrect; the last joint nearly naked, projecting beyond the head, but shorter than the second joint. bie of the anterior feet, spined in the middle: claws very small. Antenne filiform, thickened in the middle; the tips bending outwards, but not uncinate. Sw. SpeciFic CHARACTER. Wings black, varied with lines and bands of golden green: pos- terior wings tailed, the green spots round the margin divided and insulated ; the tails black, with a narrow white edge. In Mus, Britt. Nost. rs Tunis species, hitherto confounded with that peculiar to Surinam, is found only in Brazil ; but its precise geographic range, in that vast empire, has not been correctly ascertained. We had the pleasure of capturing several specimens in Lat. 8, 24, S. in the vicinity of Pernambuco, where great numbers appear during the early weeks of May, and again in June. On refering to our journals, we find the following note. *€ Papilio Leilus.—Great numbers of this insect were flying during the whole of the morning, past Aqua Fria (Per- nambuco), in a direction from north to south: not one deviated from this course, notwithstanding the flowers which were growing around: they flew against the wind, which blew rather strong, and near the ground, but mounted over every tree or other high object which lay in their course ; yet their flight was so rapid, that I could not capture a single specimen. They went singly, and near fifty or sixty must have passed the spot opposite the window, before mid-day: they continued to pass for three or four days in this manner. 12th June, 1817.’ Now it is clear that these insects could not have come from so far north as Surinam, where only the other species is found ; and they certainly do not migrate to the more southern latitude of Rio de Janeiro. As we have never seen this species in the London Cabinets, we have deposited a specimen in the British Museum, that our entomologists may become ac- quainted with the structure of the feet. Se ¥ MALACOCIRCUS Stratis. Striped Babbler. ied an whack en . a x 4 4 ‘ MALACOCIRCUS $Striatus. Striated Babbier. SE EEE Family Merulide. Sub-fam. Crateropodine. Sw. North. Zool. 2. p. 156. Genus Malacocircus. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill rasorial, i. e. short, high at the base, conspicuously arched from the front, where the feathers are divided ; tip obsoletely notched. Tarsi thick, moderate; the scales entire. Wings and tail rounded. SUB-GENERA. Megalurus. Pomatorhinus. Horsf. Malacocircus. Leptonyx. Sw. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Entirely light brown: wings and tail darker, the quills marked by transverse dark lines: bili and feet yellow: margin of the quills changeable greyish white. Gracula striata. Mus. Paris. I Tue Babblers, or long legged Thrushes, (forming the sub- family Crateropodine, Sw.) are almost exclusively confined to the warmer latitudes of the old world ; extending to the north as far as Egypt, and to the south over the greatest part of Australia. Like all birds which belong to the natatorial type, the majority of the species live in the vicinity of water. Their voice, like that of Donacobius, Sw. is particularly discordant, and many of them appear to be gregarious. The present species we received from Ceylon, but without any notice of its habits : another specimen is in the Paris Museum, under the manuscript name of Gracula striata, from the circumstance of the scapular quills, and also the tail feathers, being marked with transverse lines of a darker brown, varying in intensity according to the rays of light. We have not yet sufficiently worked out this intricate and little known group: the very existence of which was first announced in North. Zool. 2, p. 156. According to our present views, the genera yet characterized appear to be Crateropus, Malacocircus, Pellornium, and Timalia. To Crateropus, we at present refer the sub-genera Grallina, Vieil, Cinclosoma, H. & V. and Aipunemia, Sw.: while those of Malacocircus are probably Megalurus, WH. Po- matorhinus, H. and Leptonyx, Sw. Under the genus Timalia, we place Psephodes and Dasyornis, WH. & V. 197, 3 4 he aa iy 7 =f 7 irae 5) > 7 ‘ 1 t = ! —— Seyi ae ieee 8 , = : é =s = - - q = . = =z ae 2 = ae # ar See. a j : 5 7 _ : 2 fe iv = > i DEED Rs Ouse / rnencdovty. 2 berebellunr. Oo Mitra acuminata. MITREOLA_ monodonta, The Volute Mitres. a en PE re Family Volutide. Sub-family Mitrane. Genus Mitreola. Sw. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell fusiform, smooth; the middle plaits of the pillar largest apex of the spire generally papillary. SpeciFiIc CHARACTER. Shell ovate, acute, smooth; spire slightly striated, the tip papillary; outer lip within, gibbous. Mitra monodonta. Lum. Syst. 7, p. 324. em We feel much obliged to Mr. G. B. Sowerby for calling our attention to the remarkable construction of this Volute Mitre, of which we had not then seen a specimen. We view it as supplying that link of connection between the Volutinze and the Mitranx, the Volute and the Mitre shells, which we had long been in search of. Of the genus, however, we know as yet but of two species, represented on the plate somewhat larger than their natural size. We have alsa added a figure of our Mitra acuminata, to shew how beautifully Mitreola is represented by the fourth type of the enus Mitra, as now restricted, to which type (represented by M. Zebra), acuminata also belongs: both, as prototypes of the Strombide, have the outer lip gibbous near the top ; but the plaits of the pillar are totally different, while the spire of one is acute, and of the other papillary. 4. mono- donta is a Grignon fossil: some specimens are so well preserved, that the colours may be traced in the appearance of zebra-like stripes : thus strongly corroborating our views on its true analogies. a MITRA_ terebellum. Shell fusiform, turrited, smooth, base striated ; channel sub-entire, Mitra terebellum. Lam. Sys. 7,325. Ency. Meth. pl. 392, a,b, ed? Of this Grignon fossil, we have but one specimen: it agrees with Lamarck’s description, but not with the figure he quotes; and it may possibly be a distinct species between his M. plicatella and terebellum. The plaits are like those of M. monodonta; but the tip of the spire is acute, and slightly plaited. 128, 3 . Nein toad Sw. LEILUS Occidentatis LEILUS Ocecidentalis, West India Emera!.l- Butterfly. SS Speciric CHARACTER. Posterior wings with a flame-coloured, irregularly indented, marginal band ; tails black, with emerald green spots. Papilio Sloaneus. Cramer. pl. 85. e. f. vol.1. p. 134. Papilio Leilus. var. Fab. Ent. Syst. 3. 1. 22. en Specimens of this rare and splendid species, sent to onp museum from the island of Jamaica, enable us to complete the illustration of the only three American species of this type hitherto discovered. Itis in all probability the same as that figured by Cramer; particularly as his specimens came from the same locality. ven a superficial com- arison of this figure with those on our two last plates, will shew the error of Fabricius and others, in classing them all under the same name. We have represented the species in that attitude which is assumed by LZ. Braziliensis, when at rest ; the wings of which species are sometimes /ess but never more expanded : the fruit, upon which the insect is reposing:, is the common West India Banana, shewing its natural size. In drawing the attention of Entomologists to the anato- mical details of this typical example of the genus Leilus, it will be readily perceived that the obscurity which has involved its natural affinities, has entirely arisen froin ignorance of its structure, At a time when minute and obscure Coleoptera are submitted to the most delicate dissection, under powerful magnifiers, the Lepripoprera, not only the most striking and splendid of all insects, birt the pre-eminent type of the ANNuLosa, have been compara- tively neglected. We cannot otherwise account for this, but by remembering that the influence of fashion is universal, and that she is always followed by the majority. This exclusive devotion however, to one order, is highly detrimental to the study of the natural system; or with se many profound Entomologists who have gone before us, it would not have been left for us to make known the fact, that the sub-family Papilionz, represents the sub-family Harpa- line, (Harpalide, Awct.) And that this analogy is not only demonstrable by the peculiar construction of their tibiwe, but by the parallel relations and by the circulay affinities of the Coteorrera and the Leripoprera. 129, ‘ , . ‘ oa ' ’ , ers s ae Rain he soy As Ve ae t @ | V } ~ ~~ a i ak a at ‘ oP SS ’ LEILUS_ Orientalis. Oriental Emerald Butterfly. EEE Ee Speciric CHARACTER. Posterior wings siv tailed; anal angle with a lurge flame- coloured space, varied with black spots; tails unequal. whiteish. Papilio Rhipheus. Cramer, Vol. 2, page 193, pl. 385, fig. 4. B. a Viiar the natural affinities of this superb and highly interesting group of insects should be no longer a matter bf doubt, we are induced to deviate, for the first time, from bur usual practice. On this and the next plate we have €opied two figures of insects which we have never seen, for the purpose of bringing them immediately before the eye of the entomologist, and of clearing up some remarkable facts concerning them. _ The first of these is taken from Cramer, who calls it Pap. Rhipheus, from an unaccountable idea that it was the same species as one figured by Drury, under that name, He imagines that this latter figure was made from a inutilated specimen, in which the tails had been broken off; and that Ais, consequently, represented the insect in its perfect state. Every succeeding writer, so far as we can discover, has taken up this idea, without the precaution bf investigating its correctness. Now it follows that if the two species were the same, the posterior wings of Cramer’s, would be spotted like those of Drury’s, yet they are essentially different: a piece of paper, put over to hide the fails in our present figure, which may then be compared with the next, will at once explain our meaning: but setting this aside, Cramer expressly asserts that his insect has the Antennae “ sans boutons, and comme filiformes, and very justly compares it with our Ledlus Surinamensis, “mas plus encore,” with Pap. Orontes, L, (Orontes Noctuides, Sw.) the immediate type to which it leads. How totally inapplicable this account is to Drury’s insect, will be presently shewn. Cramer has most correctly given the immediate affinities of this insect. We have no space to State our reasons for considering it, at present, as a true HLeilus; although with six tails, instead of two. It may possibly, however, be the fifth, or natatorial type, which in our synopsis of the genus at Pl. 125, we have not ventured to indicate. We have never seen, or even heard of a spe- c€imen in modern cabinets ; that figured by Cramer, was found at Chandernagor, in Bengal, and was in the rich collection of M. Gigot d@Orcy. 150. RHIPHEUS Dasycephatas. Sw. Poa eS < ois Pass, eS ai RHIPHEUS, dasycephalus, Round-winged Emerald Butterfly ——— SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Wings black, varied with numerous irregular lines of emerald green; posterior with the internal and anal angle, deep blood-red, shining with gold and spotted with black, Papilio Rhipheus. Drury. Ins. 2, p. 40, pl. 23, 1. 2. i Ir the imagination was taxed to invent, or to concentrate into one figure all that was splendid, lovely, or rare in the insect world, Nature would far exceed the poor invention of man by the production of this incomparably splendid crea- ture; its rarity also is so great, that but one specimen has ever been seen: this was brought from China, and in 1773, belonged to a Captain May, of Hammersmith : with whom it was seen by Drury, and drawn by Harris, It is not however, on this account only that we have been induced to copy this figure, but because its illustra- tion will clear up one of the most intricate and perplexing questions, that has hitherto impeded the natural arrange- ment of the Linnen Papiliones, and even of the whole order of Lepidoptera. The error of Cramer, regarding Rhipheus has already been rectified. It will now be demonstrated that not only are the two insects distinet as species, but that they actually belong to different genera. Cramer's being a Urania of Fabricius and Latrielle, while Drury’s is a Papilio of the same authors. This is proved by the figures; and confirmed by the following words of Drury, “ The antenne are black, and knobbed at their extremities,’ in other words, clavate; while the palpi, as expressed in the figure, are so small as not to project beyond the head, where they lie hid in the frontal hairs; this also being a typical dis- tinction of the Latrellian Papiliones. The figures in Drury’s work were all drawn and engraved by Moses Harris, well known as one of the most accurate artists that ever lived : as a remarkable proof of this, we find that he has not failed to delineate that peculiar nuration of the anterior wings, which belongs only to the types of Leslus. A closer affinity therefore between Papilio and Leilus cannot possibly be imagined: while its remarkably hairy front, points out its analogy, as an aberrant type in its own genus, to Chlorisses, among insects, and Dasycephala among birds. So true itis that the natural system ‘illuminates with a flood of light” every supposed anomaly, and reconciles facts appa rently the most inexplicable. 331, 5 a , a LYCHNA Despar. yt) wes pee eR ; ) ’ _ ’ ; i r ag)9 ' 2 £ * : Sonatas ral 1) lotpcbedt tS Sahni P i : yy ay ue - at Agassi rn ae Te ele 0 . pan Bex, Sac | acy ery arr aT, ius farsi «i Wepre s j a 7 Laptah ay “al §- ‘moe joa Kay ah eee yt ua ol. Feta eg ort ith ow - (OEE Selah ar See ‘ , ib Terje Ne | gh Ga OSs hall, AN dispar. The Large British Copper. Pamily Erycinide. Sub-family Thecline. Sw. Genus Polyommatus. GENERIC CHARACTER. Wings (typically) obtuse, rounded ; anterior having the external mar- gin shorter than the pesterior: posterior wings entire or nearly so: destitute both of filiform caudal appendages, and of metallic anal spots. Nod. Supe-Geyenic Cyaractrr, Posterior wings obsoletely dentated, particularly at the anal angle: club of the antennz short, spatulate; palpi hairy, the last joint lengthened, acute, naked, obliquely vertical. Type. L. Phieas. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. éVings coppery: the male with two discoid black dots on the anterior, and one on the posterior wings: club of the an- tenne elongated and fusiform. (Aberrant. ) Papilio Hippothoé. Lewen’s Pap. pl. 40. Pap. dispar. Haworth. Lep. Brit. p. 40. Stevens. Brit. Ent. 1. poe. Pl. 3 Lay > RE As considerable misconception appears to exist regarding the type of the tenuirostral or vermiform family of the Diurnal Lepidoptera, we shall endeavour to illustrate this subject. Our concluding number is accordingly devoted to the genus Polyommatus of Latrielle, and its subordinate types or sub-genera. These compose, what we have else- where defined, a natural and perfect group; (North. Zool. 2,288) inasmuch as it has been tested by the analogies, and conformed by the representations, which it bears to innu- merable others, both in the Annulose and vertebrated circles. According to this analysis, both Lycwna and Polyommatus, strictly so termed, instead of being types either of families or sub-families, are of one and the same genus : which genus, moreover, is but the portion of the aberrant group of the Thecline. 'The typical forms of the genus E’rycina, ex- clusively confined to Tropical America, constitute, in fact, the pre-eminent perfection of the family in question. As Lycena represents the Nymphalide, or sub-typical family of the Diurnal Butterflys, so is it the sub-typical form of the genus Polyommatus. Its geographic range is wide, being extended to the temperate latitudes of both hemis- theres. ‘fhe largest British species is that now figured, from the identical specimens mentioned by Lewin. 132 Se nS a ee : is y G 7 7 a ea ie Tenn - . Vea : see re ? Oe)" Dan : Se iets) : . ; 7 7 A ',# 7 7 a) , a | Ning fad ©, a) = 7 Ais i el Aa? ARTS 7 Pn a ate | ue n! ne a i pa oe rain a i At ae Dea » ae i Pies ay “(es e a ave) Pi TS ee a piel Niet a" : UG a te we ty BaD 7 c in - Pde Pay c “) Ps | ely del re tin y Pore - -_ be 8 Rie AN ata Paine ney | Oe 7 Gr ee ae i ie 7 7 f i» : ale iat 7 re Rie iid — — ey vi aa re ms 7 cere Ade. 1 Ag 7 Ay hy Pel ie pies rN a. tie me = (ea - im ieee v Ray v bi alia if Nae ng : 7 . an aan mee fe sidan oe 7 oar a +t ee ng a a ‘ale hee ac ‘Sea ie " ie ee pal “a , uy : Dae a ree ae i - me : Lia t Aas wants sheik it ee iigtinert ‘vy agle Aa Medias ; raat =a i a “3 “i he, rh rT ying meres ahy as ib f, ii va re % i gokn het a nein i or . a) ; Oi" ie 4 ih agri a Lg ‘ 4h eae et oe pe? ie ars iD ™ * cc ey Yaa p "i a ie : 7 ; « aa _ / oe i‘ ine - 7 ann im a ay Me oe _ ; _ a t mw) i) " ie ¢, eat 7 _ ity ae dis ; ae “te ea He in ais VS ty oh a : : eS) hoe ne me Pee Med iH if “4 A I Monte Lada ebhal ats io wh r ee ae De oa % itr a fon 7 i i n 7 i" es ae! il Ae aay Fa Cen alltel a ms. 4 i acum ma ue oy aa 7m Ws vical asin a hae Riovae, a kat it} is ren 1° ee ri 5) ene win, Ss ok ene ian i" - 7 . Me wa - ah 7 ae vias ; ee) a ee “Ae > a % Pin, i - “ Te ie, 1) iad i noea. Ran lee “tae oe io) - , 7 " : t , - id i 7 ia : 1 ; ot ie - 7 a 7 an . a ney 6 z eae 7 ae sa rw he i! AK Ap aa ia i nN Sune a : 7 ; + os "7 iv it { et Men By 3) hee : oo 7 4) in a “i i ir is : re = a a ‘0 7 a, st. i Laan mae - ane me AN a Ae ‘Au ies, ie ie ere Doty in 4 Ri i ys ae he ou iy dip; a oF : hy dante oh: ore. Fekete ; iw. 7 ; wt A ve ay ' ’ x Ai, 1 pw. io sem ‘5 it oF vie sD hi a nu?) ie yg gts 7 nist ees ae 1 4 ” o Zoe c Peel ae ay (ate nid a if « 2 ewe eee : ae iawn? - ay vitae on re Jahan ee a aie, vi) ai ; ee 1 > ey. Pal ¥, : oli rae “ir To ree i wre 5AM nee as , ee Pe Vw St ae, Pe dh 8 A) ; i ies Wig pee “haa Y ie st on. a anne stu ist ahaa ae 43 vi 3 Ae bis a? ia: ‘hire, um fly “at et ay nae ee 1s ara iy we, shew. bi: ant eae. hohe eae : 7 mo a 7 = : ope Lid ane 4 nee i a ree i vio Avie Syia aa / nee ni ne na ay. | Peco Wey i: ¥ *, eer inet sc bias ae ile exit ee no om My ee) ah ey ane: Siar’ as ) rib uy ee has San be iu S a ca ge he, me a Dr a en Oe, igh : “ewe thy Cee ares Ely a _ : yh i at) pine bd ve EL rien, £ fe m Mati aoe hy an Aes my ei ern 7 4 Sahay yore wi ra ae ( ay) bit Bh Ree ; ” ee. eit ne Me Nw bi y thi: af at a ee Pdi oaet, tae i ae "NINO oie ale sae ay a at hee } rey lian ths av ra: any au _ ’ i ery Hh 1? ni (i id fae ” a: t& ak 7 ae ig eee ey if eae py High eas ae ha | nt a pre vent ar rey : viel war De ar Hu 4 ae On wae ay she See Nah vy ha —— ‘i r eee Tae Line a ( : A ink ie hn 7 he an i we “> 7 aD Vrutn rat 5 i : DAI Sy ce), oe aie iy a “yet tifa Ke ~~ a sd fer pk yi ia : Spay is) re aay I, ee | avon a” oo ; or, 5) re eek AV hy * nhs Ch tik ane ° ae 7, Mt “0 Pras yaa Bre feels : ry, a Bee r : 7 : i anes ay : Foy on hey hia a cite Joutk ‘aia hs ra » oe at - iste i 4 ‘We 7 f th ; tL? en) : ee: iy 7 ul 7 i : no i deh ei ean va Se tae al re. eT Tosi i Ria aia Hig DAK N v) nr nat ee 7 AP oabh a 7 iy ‘i ris rei aecey vir s Ai od _ fe a A at, q ia ” Yar wh es iM al 1h ee ‘wh KK Zz a ys ay rrr en oe v v1 ) 7 ee i el Sirs ee pon pk Bai wipes Ly Ore — .f PAS, Ve . ie : ) Pa ott : ; 7 , ; : be ray eo ve i ff : ih uy Pe, 7 | a he On bal aaa ‘it de a? eh 7 crm - f “on H nt a ule ress Br, hah m a 7 oe at + s : ms ae vi. ir . 0 74 a y 7) De ae ‘a ; - : ; *® ‘ : ; uM. mu ve : ey a 7 tha - ; : eens ies ’ ™ : = a, i} 7 ee ee era POLYOMMATUS Casstws . POYLOMMATUS Cassius. Brazilian Blue. Family Erycinide. Sub-family Thecline. Genus Polyommatus. (The typical sub-genus.) Sup-GEeneric CHARACTER. Wings entire, obtuse; the posterior rounded, particularly at the anal angle. ’Palpi covered and fringed with long hair; the last joint distinct and nearly naked. Be ean with a lenothened: fusi- forrn, spatulate club. Colour blue, beneath ocetlated. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Male: wings su-diaphanous, blue, immaculite ; whitish near the anal angle. Eemale: the disk of ail white, with black snots and borders. In both sexes, beneath white, with blackish dots: those on the anterior win gs transverse and confluent. Pap. Cassius. (the female) Cramer, pl. 23, fig. ¢ EE —EESS We have elsewhere pointed cut, as one of the peculiar distinctions of forms and groups pre-eminuently typ eal, Res their geographic Ape ieibatio ns is Invariably wide, and g@en- erally universal; and that this is one of the reaseis why certain forms are found both in Murope, ed india, and Australia. This was said of Birdy, and the remark is even more applicable when we lock to insects. We accord- ingly find, that the typical species of the genus now under consideration, not only spread them selves over all Europe and Africa, but extend to the Indian islands on one side, and over the whole of America on the other, without offering more than a sectional variation of character. It is uncer- tain, however, whether any species occur in Australia; for the Kur opean ‘type seems to be represented there by the enibe genus Erina. The genus, collectively, is a rasorial type, representing the family Satyride among the Pupilicnes,— Parnassius among the Papilionide,— —and the Pavonide among Birds. Pol. Cassius is one of the most common species of Brazil, where we found it frequenting similar situations, and pos- sessing the same habits, as the ordinary Blues of England The analysis bestowed upon this group, cenvinces us that Pithecops, H. is buta section of this sub-genus. The upper figure represents the female, the lower the female: boihare enlarged. The connecting species between Pulyonuniatus and Lycena are Helle. aie Lametia, and Bocet.ceus, Vero 1 \ ae ~ ve ' * a ~ a, a0 _ ~ Z P pn is ‘ rl - af a | . J . a . af = ‘ f > > bas - — 1 x — — i ¢ + - ; * ” : ; a . | {i £ = = of x 2 _ e oo q > - 5 - ry a a 8 os , 3 a .. | sf Tart gal? aS ae . = ‘“RQea. Uae F a7 | ‘ fi ‘ y 5 = ! f 4 ‘ * , . bh 4 Ps merce t * _ ; - : o% t (hag ‘ ype 4 ; ais =? } -y ‘ 1 ? o¢s ‘ at ‘ 7 *10t . - ‘, 4 7 oy TF 2 by ‘ : =". “y «pet ry A -e- * ' - ad i « - re ‘ 7" iy ‘ 7 J + ] 2") a . e i Ly : * . . - ; i 9 va) mT ~ i ~ - : 7 4 « ; n 4 ait . : f = 7 e ; ‘ ht Le . ’ ‘73 ro J vit >4 a - + ah: ; ; ’ ' é ‘1}* ; rat Ty \ ‘ = - ’ . F “=i 4 ¢ brit) F = ad : . ri wee! 4 hes > 5 ~ i ‘ ‘ , 4 ‘ M | ' ‘ s y qi : : i. a i /\ te ” ’ f ‘ ; * og i + ‘ 1 we | a. 2 ‘ 4 ph Pe ey 74 = 24 * 7 sae 4 4 J J a . ‘ “ i opre ‘ ' = - 4 a ba ? 4 ‘ - i ‘. . ' j i ie ‘ a F ed F . ci , ;% ‘ 2 i =15 i = ' j ‘ > : y AS * i 4 4 = 7 * - *. ERINA pulchella. Bufj-spotted Blue. ee Family, Fricinide. Sub-fam., Thecline. Sw. Genus, Polyommatus- Lat. Sub-genus, trina. Sw. Sctp-Generic CHARACTER. W ngs obtuse, very entire: palpi covered only with compact scales, the last joint lengthened, slender, and very naked. Club of the antenne short, broad, and spatulate. Colour, dark blue, spotted beneath. rg? > 7 ed . . Fypieal. Hesp. Erints. Fab. Aberrant. Lyciena ignita, Leach. Specivic CHARACTER. ings above brown, glossed with blue ; anterior with a discoid Julvous spot ; beneath white: posterior pair with three black duts in the middle. Mus. Prit. Nost. EEE ‘Pk passage from Polyommatus to the type now before us, ix distinctly marked by the section (for under that rank we may suili retain it), named Péthecops ; the palpi of these latter being both hairy, like the typical Po/yommatus, and squamose, as in Kring: the posterior wings of both are ilso much of the same shape. By these blended characters Nature gently glides into the form now under consideration, Which is the satyrian or rasorial type of the genus; repre- senting the Sutyride, the Hipparchiane, &e. and which supplies the piace of Polyommatus, strictly so termed, on the Australian continent. -We have already before us six species from that country; five of which are typical, but tie sixth, the £. igvita of our friend Dr. Leach (Zool. Miss. pf. 60), demands particular attention. We have else- Where shewn that all aberrant forms unite into a circle of their own. Now as Erina, Lucia, and Nais, are the aber- rant forms ef the genus Polyommatus, so there should be species either in the first or the last,—that is, in Evina or Nats, which would exemplify this theory in the present in- stance, We accordingly find it demonstrated by Brina iguita; for that insect, although essentially belonging to this type, in the characters of the pa/piand antennae, nevertheless assumes one of the great distinctions of Nais.—The wings of the two sexes being different; the posterior pair in the female are dentated, while those of the male are completely entire ; so that the first might pass for a Nais, and the second for an Erina; both sexes further shew the union of these two types, by having the under surface of their wings ornament- ed, as in Nais, with silvery spots. Our figures, by the *cale, are somewhat enlarged. We have sent a specimen of BE. pulchella to the British Museum for general reference. 134, * hy t! } va" / by } ne ; 7 a » | 5) \ ; 4 ' trot } ‘ y PX t a Ul “ 4 t oer O98 «12S y - - I 7 rs Rome TP ag 7) \ a : alae h aan : } is). ; o i ec , 13, iw a ; ‘ . ‘ ‘ jp ee ‘i k i 4 ‘ ‘ E = ' LUCIA limbaria. Brown-winged Blue. rr Sub-fam. Thecliné. Genus Polyommatus. af. Sub-genus Lucia. Sv. Sup-Generic CHARACTER. Wings horizontally lengthened, entire: palpi very slender, ciliate with long hairs, the last joint very minute, scarcely distinguish- able. Antenne with a lengthened club, either cylindrical or compressed. Colours obscure, moth-like. Speciric CHARACTER. Wings above brown, disk of the anterior fulvous, with two brown spots above, and three beneath, encircled with white : poste- rior beneath varied with grey and white, with a central band of square brown spots. Hesp. Lucanus? Fab. Ent. Syst. 3,1, p. 322. Donovan's Ind. Ins. pl. 43, f. 4? Mus. Nost. Seen: oaaennEaREa Tuts, which appears the most aberrant type of the genusy immediately reminds the stedeat ef a dark coloured Evyeina ora Phalzena, both of which families, as being the Heliconian or Krycinian type of Po/yommatus, it truly represents. It is at once known from Evrina, by its very peculiar palpi, and by its more lengthened wings. ‘The antenna of three spe- cies now befere us, present a remarkable difference. In two of these, the club is compressed and spatulate, like that of Hrina; but in the third, here figured, it has the cylindrical form belonging to Nats. Which of these forms is typical, must at present, be undecided ; but there cannet be a stran- ger link of cennection between Lucia and Nais, than the fact of this species berrowing, as it were, the cylindrical club of the latter. Without such a Jink, in short, the series would be imperfect. As we cannot satisfactorily determine whether the types here figured ef Lucia and Lring are described in books, we have been compelled to regard them as unnamed. This, and the two other species we possess, are all from Australia. On bringing the genus Polyommatus to analogical tests, the only demonstration of a natural group, we find the sub- genera representing the families of the Diurnal Lepidoptera, ain the following manner :—1. Typicat, Polyommatus, Pa- pilionide.—2. Sus-Tyetcat, Lycena, Nymphalide.—s, Aberrant, Nais-Hesperide, Lucia-Erycidine, and Erina- Satyride, SA ft 76k ne ae Dag a 5 bain ta a NALS splendens. NAIS splencdens. Blue-shouldered Copper. EE Sub-fam. Theclinz. Genus Polyommatus. Sub-genus Nais. Sw. Sup-GENERIC CHARACTER. Wings sub-angulated; posterior dentated, particularly at the anal angle. Copper coloured above, with silvery spots beneath. Antenne cylindrical, thickening from the base: the tip truncate. SpeciFIC CHARACTER. Wings above coppery, with black dots, their basal half-shining blue ; beneath fulvous ; the posterior varied with Serrugt- nous, and marked by silvery spots, Pap. Nais. Cramer, pl. 57, fig. D. E. mB In every natural group of the diurnal Lepidoptera which we have analysed, (and the number is somewhat considerable.) there is always one in which the posterior wings are more than usually tailed ; and this seems to be such a prevalent form throughout the Vertebrata and the Annulosa, that we believe it is universal: in other words, that it is one ef the primary Types of Nature, We have consequently termed it the natatorial, since it represents that order of birds, as the Swallow-tailed Papiliones typify the Swallows. That we should find this ferm in a group where the chief charac- ter is the roundness and the integrity of the wings, is cer- tainly astonishing ; but it shews that the laws of Nature are as simple, as they are universal. ‘Phe absolute union of this sub-genus with Lycena, with which we commenced the cir- cle, is palpable to the meanest capacity. All the species we possess, are from Africa and India, As they represent the Argynnine, we accordingly find them ornamented with silver spots. ‘Ihe species now figured, are probably male and female, and were received from Africa. We have now given the natural types of an Entomological genus; the only one that has been attempted, since the de- monstration of Phaneus and Scarabeus. These are but fhree genera, out of many thousands, which at present ha ve any other foundation, strictly speaking, than mere opinion. But the great principles of variation are now discovered, and we must hope that those naturalists of a higher order, who join acknowledged talent to matured experience, will follow up the subject. “i 136 GENERAL INDEX OF THE PLATES TO No. 21. TricnocLossus Swainsoni Protesilaus Leilus ay, Cressida Heliconides ., Papilio Memnon Caracolla acutissima .. No. 22. Prinia familiaris 5 Amphrisius Nymphalides Achatinella pica ee perversa .. acuta ee Murex eurystomus $5 Polydorus Thoas 5c No. 23. . Ptiliogonys cinereus «» Plecocheilus undulatus Protesilaus Swainsonius Podalirius Pompilius .. Leptocircus Curius No. 24. Trogon Mexicanus —.» Achatinella bulimoides —- livida ate Phyllonotus Imperialis. var. .. 109 Petreus Thetys.. ss Zeonia Heliconides ¥e No. 25. Leptolophus auricomis . Centronotus radix abe Jasia Australis .. Ae Teracolus subfasciatus .. VOL. IIE. IN THE ORDER OF PUBLICATION, ere ee pl. No. 26. 50 | OY Leptonyx macropus”.. a HB Byssoarca Zebra se oe OF Apalis thoracica Ad ae 295 Clytia dissimilis fs op WE Thoas Lysithous ss No. 27. ea OF Pteronetus pinnatus .. 98 Achatinella rosea Se »» 99 an - pulcherrima - =99 Anthomyza Teresia ., 99 Heliconides . 100 Leilus Surinamensis .. ~ 200 Braziliensis .. No. 28. .. 102 Malacecircus striatus ., 103 Mitreola monodonta .. 104 terebellum os 205 Mitra acuminata e» 106 Leilus Gccidentalis .. Orientalis are een Ov Rhipbens dasycephalus 108 No. 29. 108 Lycena dispar .. PS Polyommatus Cassius .. 110 Eriva pulchella.. 56 neve lili Lucia lin-baria ., sé Nais splendens.. Ge as 112 113 ee 114 ried lst) pie LO Heleona fenestrata a wv iy Le ae GENERAL ALPHABETICAL INDEX VOL If. Achatinella, Generic character 99 ———- acuta 59 99 iT OLCES tele 108 ———_— -— livida 108 ro perversa.. «9S ————-— pulcherrima Aig es) ——- pica oe 56 OY) -—— Plates of 99, 108, 123 Amphrisius, Nymphalides Aor acs} Anthomyza Tiresia ae 124 ——--heliconides .. 60 eel Apalis thoracica : o- 119 see cecemas sub-generic character 107 Ark-shell, Zebra... ae 118 Arca, The sub-genera of «. Se | itks? Babbler, Great-footed 117 ——— Striated 5a abe Blues, The small, .. 32 to 136 Burnet, Australian 116 ——— Three-banded . 124 ——— Heliconian So Hoe Calurus, Sub-generic character 107 Caracolla acutissima ae oG Centronotus radix, (Murex) 113 Clytia dissimilis .. Be os 120 Cressida heliconides so OE Crateropodine, The genera of - 127 Copper, Large British «+ aq Hee blue shouldered 2 1o Emerald Butterfly, Brazilian 126 _— ——_-—— Surinum wo ——_——_—_—_—_. West Indian... 129 —-——— Oriental - 130 ----———_—_——--— _ Round-winged 131 Erina pulchella .. oe es 134 Hapactes, swb-generic character 2. 107 Heleona fenetrata . 56 a ahi) Jasia australis ols a. Lid Leptolophus auricomis .. aq le Leptonyx macropus ai 7) Leptocircus curius oe -. 106 Leilus, The sub-genera of ee 125 ——— Braziliensis a mip Ue ——— Occidentalis om e9 ——— Onrientalis S532 Lory-parrakeet, Blue bellied noe Swainsonian . .. 92 Lucia limbiria ce Marius (Petreus) Thetys ae Malacocircus striatus 5 Ain Mitra acuminata ae Ac Mitreola generic character ——-— monodonta 3 ——-— terebellum 55 Murex, Analogies of the sub- genera ——— (Centronotus) Radix a5 alats3 ——— (Pteronotus) pinnatus 112 ——-— (Phyllonotus) eurystomus 100 ————-—- ——— imperialis .. 109 Nais splendens .. se) 126 Orontes, sub-generic character sp AlAs Papilio Wemron 95 Patersonia glauca Bc me) LG Parrakeet, blue bellied sis Te ——------ goldeneured .. 112 Phyllonotus imperialis .. .. 109 Pteronotus pinnatus 112 Ptiliogonys cinereus 102 Plecocheilus undulatus 1038 Podalirius Pompilius 105 Polyommatus, 7 he sub-genera of32- 156 _ -- Cassius 133 Polydorus Thoas .. Ae 101 Prinia familiaris re mot Protesilaus Swainsonius .. ee 104 -n~---9----- Leilus 93 Rhipheus dasycephalus .. ae edo Short fost, Yellow vented .. «. 102 Snail, Waved Pupa 103 ------- Caracolla oe 96 Swallow-tail, Brazilian .. 40° NE: ~-------------- Swainsonian -- 104 wnen---------- Javanese Sic 107 Trogon, Whe sub-genera of 107 aann----- Mexicanus, female Sallis Teracolus sub-fasciatus .. ae Le Thoas Lysithous Fatal —---- The Sectional Types .= 19 Trichoglossus Swainsoni o. 92 Volute mitres, The ore oe 128 Warbler, Gorget Ac Pay ae te Re Zeonia heliconides ae fs asta + Bri) me Ya Ate Nel ae ayaa ‘ 4 ae r Mice 7 Of “ue a as Be Ale nbd is ac aan, hanes pha tra sey =i 5 hav ie 4 INDEX ‘To THE INSECTS. (SECOND SERIES.) In the order of Publication. Protesilaus Niamus Rhetus Crameri .. Marius Cinna ee Eudamus Agesilaus Doryssus Petreus Thetys .. Eurymus Philodice Amynthia Swainsonia Pieris Nigrina Eurymus Europome Euterpe Teria 50 Peleus AZacus Gentius ee Melete Limnobia .. Endymion Regalis.. Arcas Imperialis Chlorisses Sarpedon Jasia Athama at Protesilaus Leilus.. Cressida heliconides Papilio Memnon Amphrisius Nymphalides. . Po'ydorus Thoas .. Podalirius Pompilius Leptocircus Curius Petreus Thetys (larva) Heleona fenestrata Zeonia heliconides.. Jasia Australis Sc Clytia dissimilis .. Thoas Lysithous .. Anthomyza Teresia heliconides Leilus Surinamensis Braziliensis Occidentalis Orientalis .. Rhipheus dasycephalus Lycena dispar... Polyommatus Casseus krina pulchella Lucia limbaria AG Nais splendens.. Syslematic Arrangement. PAPILIONIDA. Sw. Pieris Nigrina =* one Euterpe Teria te os Melete Limnobia .. ae Clytia dissimilis .. o Amphrisius Nymphalides. . Polydorus ‘Vhoas .. 5c Protesilaus Leilus .. os -~ Swainsonius ., - Niamus ae Podalirius Pompilius se Cressida helinonides we Thoas Lysithous .- ae Papilio Memnon .. oe Chlorisses Sarpedon 4c Rhipheus dasycephalus .. Leilus Surinamensis 50 Braziliensis Occidentalis —— Orientalis Leptocircus Curius sf Eurymus Philodice A Europome oe Amynthia Swainsonia we Fam. NYMPHALID-%. Sw. 2 Marivs Cinna ae ae Petrius Thetys A a0 larva and pupa Jasia Athama ate Australis ae Fam. ERYCINID 2. Rhetus Crameri .. 50 Zeonia heliconides, . Endymion regalis ., AS Arcas Imperialis Lycena dispar Ad Polyommatus Cassius Erina pulechella .. ve Lucia limbaria 50 Se Nais splendens.. Sic Ae Fam. HESPERID_E. Sw. Eudamus Agesilaus 5 Doryssus Peleus Aacus 8 sé Gentius Tribe. SPHINGIDES. Sw. Heleona fenestrata dia Anthomyza Teresia — ——.———— heliconides .. .), ied ey << a r ee tlhe omits te i y [ Bea tit eee at a gs a WAR a ee - So ae Tn the order of Publication. Ancilliaria rubiginusa Mitra melaniana .. tessellata .. Ampullaria carinata Unio truncatus, INDEX To TuE SHEL ES. Marmarostoma uudulata .. Voluta bullata mA Anodon areolatus Mitra bicolor Ag - carinata - strigata we Tellina latirostra .. Lingula anatina .. —- hians as Melania amarula .. setosa ac Rostellaria curvirostris Ampullaria Nilotica -- subcarinata .. Strombus Peruvianus Oliva volutella aA - striata a3 Marginella oblonga - guttata Mitra episcopalis .. Tiara Isabella xe ~ sulcata SC Volutil ches muricata pertusa Mitzella fusca, occellata .. ———- oliveformis Margarita crocata Olivella purpurata .. —-eburnea .. Ampullaria fasciata Couus hthoglyphus Mureximperialis .. Conus fumigatus .. -- franciscanus Murex erythrostomus Harpula vexillum .. Fiatula Lamarci .. pallida maculosa .. Cymbiola vespertilio Volutacymbium .-. Scapbella maculata Geotrochus pileus «+ Caracolla acuussima Achatinella pica, perversa -- acuta .. ———-— bulimoides —_—__—--—_ livida .. ——-- FOS€A oe == pulcherrima 55 Plecocheilus undulatus Phyllonotus Imperialis Centronotus radix -. Byssoarca Zebra .. Pteronotus pinnatus Mitreola monodonta —terebellum Mitra acuminata .. (SECOND SERIES.) In Sustematic Order. pl. VOLUTID. ae pl. se 5 Voluta cymbium .. el .. 84 ig 5 -- bullata ee ie «. 15 .- 9 || Cymbiola vespertilio oe -- 83 el) Harpula vexillum .. as KE Pee V olutilithes muricata Ac 5 BE: espe (3) -- pertusa no 3) .. 18 || Schaphella maculata re -- 87 . 19 || Mitra episcopalis .. oe von AD as 19) -melaniana .. : 5 do | le) ———- tessellata «« OG oe 5 oo, LAY) ——. bicolor 0 AA jo NY 5 24 -carinata 50 56 Ae alt, .. 29 || ——- strigata +e oe a5 Aa ee - acuminata oe SC 128 .. 29 || Tiara Isabella ce 8 en OO ae ot -- sulcata ee 50 er OU So he) Mitrella fusca. ocellata .. 5 A be Mets! —- oliyeformis 5 See .. 39 || Mitreola monodonta 50 a 128 so Ko) —- terebellum oe So iate: -- 40 {] Oliva volutella .. BA 40 we 44 - striata we 5c ~2 40 .. 44 }) Olivella purpurata oe so fe no SID = Ene Gc OS 30 Hiatu'a Lamarcii .. -- 78 ee 0 — pallida ie rie aks: ao Re —maculosa .. oe Sabet its, .. 98 \) Ancillaria rubiginosa ote se .. 4 || Marginella oblonga Ac ae coe! - guttata .. ee .. 44 An oe) MURICID. -- 58 || Murex (Phyl onotus), Imperialis 67, 109 Ao bis} -- eurystomus .. ‘i -- 100 Oe R CS. --erythrostomus Le eae .. 65 || Centronotus radix ve ag 18 eee OF Pteronotus pinnatus a6 a5 ees on 868 STROMBID A. -- 68 || Strombus Peruvianus 5c Bei he .. 73 || Rostellaria curvirostris «+ .. 34 oa Ee Conus lithoglyphus Sc OD : -- fumigatus .. Sis so. (és! Big Laacits) 5 3 metl: cemmmes franciscanus sv Ao 0G ; HELICIDE. ea ts) A : a 9 sa |} / mpullaria carinata ve sol e S7 —- - Nilotica ie no 88 et 9 ——_--- snbcCarimata ove oan Ook .. oO are A 96 -- fusciata wie eae, its, Melania amarula and setosa Tew eO, ** go || Achatinella, six species, 99, 108, 123 ae tone Geotrochus pileus .. ah np Ral .- 108 < . Qo 108 Caracolla acutissima 56 06 "493 Plecocheilus undujatus —.. .- 103 OURS TURBID. oe 12d oe 14 103 Marmarostoma audulata we Bi ‘i 109 BIVALVES. se Unio truncatus = we rele ee ks Anodon areolatus .. ae ; As we, AAS Saat ? 192 Tellina latirostra .. oe ee 20 ee 198 Margarita crocata .. ote aay Oo ** Jog || Lingula aratina -- oe an) oe * 408 || ———— hians Ke . .- +29 ss os" Byssoarca zebra ee ae o- 11S Gad 123 oo armenia s ¥ oe INDEX ‘'ro THE .,BiRDS: (SECOND SERIES.) In the order cf Publication. In Systematic Order. Psittacus vernalis .. as 1 FALCONIDA. Polyborus Braziliensis .. -» 2]| Polyborus Braziliensis.. oe i Setophaga picta. .. a 50S LANIAD&. Parra Africana 6 || Malaconctus Barbarus .. ate fk Cuculus nigricans .. 2. 7 || -————--—-atro-coccineus 56 ify Lorius Isidorii b6 ete .. 8 || Phenicornis flammeus Fs 5 bY Thriothorus Mexicanus .. .. 11 || Ptiliogonys cinereus. male, 62.female, 120 Lorius Garrulus mn 2 3 MERULID. Coccyzus Levaillantii 56 .. 13 || Drymophila longipes ee Jo: Paleornis Pondicerianus Se ate fasciata +: aie) 20h Hirundo fasciata a -- 17 || Donacobius vociferans .. sa. Nanodes venustus .. aC .. 21 || Crateropus Reinwardii .. Bo KD Tcterts Cayanensis. 50 .. 22 || Leptonyx macropus ae so silts Drymophyla longipes Aye .. 23 || Malacocircus striatus a) Ae Ae Platycercus scapularis Be sen 126 SYLVIADZ. Drymophila fasciata oc «» 27 || Sylvia Regulus 50 50 46 Bil Aglaia gyrola ee 5 .. 28 |} Petroica multicolor ae er 30 flava oe Bre .. 31 || ———— bicolor .. ye 50. 2'8) Psaris Jardinii ss. ae .. 35 || Setophaga picta .. oe So. Petroica multicolor BC .. 86 || Culicivora atricapilla oe 505. «(BS Ploceus Textor oe So . 37 || Apalis thoracica .. aye oo. “alalte) Psaris cristatus os .. 41 || Priniafamiliaris .. aC 300 OF Chetura macroptera Be, -. 42 || Gryllivora saularis.. ee G1 Petroica bicolor ., a Rae G3 MUSCICAPII LE. Macropteryx longipennis ., .. 47 || Psaris Jardinii Ac ate 50 ety Sylvia Regulus .. Oe A. Aon cristatus .. oe ee Atl Phenicornis flammeus.. .. 52 |} Todus viridis ee 66 Nyctiornis amictus ae an 658 FRINGILLID&. Culicivora atricapilla 33 .. 57 || Aglaia gyrola oe 55 OR Gryllivora Saularis. . a6 ae UG flava 56 as oe ol Ptiliogonys cinereus Be .. 62 |} Ploceus textor 37 Todus viridis Sc ae oe OG STURNIDA, CORV ID. E, Malaconotus Barbarus.. .. 71 || Icterus Cayanensis oe oe 22 Donacobius vociferans .. 72 \| Garrulus sordidus .. -- 86 Malaconotus atro-coccineus 32 06 PSITTACID z. Crateropus Reinwardii., .. 80 |} Psittacus vernalis .. - oe 1 Prionites Mexicanus a5 .. 81 || Lorius Isidorii .. Sc Poe! Trogon Mexicanus.. a Be Od: Garrulus ‘ 3 12 Garrulus sordidus ., aN ’ 86 || Trichoglossus Swainsoni .. nn Oe Trichoglossus Swaiusoni .. .. Oe Paleornis Pondicerianus .. ag al Prinia familiaris .. “ .. 97 || Nanodes venustus .. S50 nA) El Ptiliogonys cinereus oe .. 102 |} Platycireus scapularis —.. -- 26 Trogon Mexicanus. mas. .. 107 || Leptolophus auricumis — «- 112 Leptolophus auricomis .. Ser gies CUCULIDZ, CERTHI ADE. Leptonyx macropus ey .. 117 || Cuculus nigricans .. ae soe Apalisthoracica .. = «. 119 }| Coccyzus L Cevaillantii oe Pier) en} Malacocircus striatus Ae .. 127 || Thryothorus Mexicanus .. se all FISSIROSTRES. Hirundo fasciata .. «o 5H ella Chetura macroptera Sic o. 42 Macropteryx longipennis .. eo 47 Nyctiornis amictus.. oie AG bis Prionites Mexicanus A eb! Togon Mexicanus. female, 81. male, 107 Parra Africana .. Ae oT “eh a0 met) a i Hg ony ieeeic at ie hey way am ne 1) ee ao ' eae, Ya is We Bs F en iy i ™ ne - a eh ti i —- * * * ape | Cah) ail 6 ee LIST OF ORIGINAL SUBSCRIBERS, WHO HAVE SENT THEIR NAMES. ee Avupuson, J J. Esq., America BayrFiecp, Mr. G., Walworth BonaParTE, CHARLES LUCIAN, Prince of Musignano, Rome Botton, Mrs. Liverpool Box Esq., Night Rider Street Bree, The Rev. W. T. 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Liverpool As the short notice given to the public has prevented many JSrom sending their names, the possession of this list, will serve to distin- guish such copies of the work, the plates of which, have passed the inspee- tion of the author. ae aE eta Tea) AAG ini ee ie eer | Pee = an cm 7) WINOSHLINS Saluvagi] LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION N at we as ul aX Ww = ws fos = a 3 ea a ee = < Sip, < | er iar ow = oc fee) _ mo. —_ ee) BN ee ) oe ro) = a. <= J = a SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IY¥VYRSIT L a = ise on 4 mS PY) = Se) = Pe) = - 2 = = m = m ” m a) < wn ay ra) WWINOSHLIWS = S3 luvadgd mel BRARI ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION K = Sf. = egy ves S fp 8 WN. 3 EW 3 ane oder NO a 5 oe & I BY EWE 2 ZR 2 2 = VNR 2 F 2 3 = . 3 2 2 MITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS S3ZINYVYSIT L z os ~ ” Zz 1O = ra Ks baa 7; a ao = NY NS [s = c a S AN Pe fo = a = 0 = z i P34 ete! ae 3 WINOSHLIWS _ $3 lYVug ae LIBRARI ES_ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION N : ° - ° “a S o se a ad e = a = a > be > = ~ 2? = F = = ee me ” 9 wm * w” ero D z 0 z SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NO!LNILILSNI _NVINOSHLINS $3 lYvysit L * ~ : : = | < = = Sates ~ : a : re) Ree = re) = = Ss : > 3 rr a VVINOSHLIWS LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOLLALILSNI LIBRARIES NOILNLILSNI SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILMLILSNI NVINOSHLINS Saluvuaia _L . 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