vr oate eee ier ~ ee 0" vet eee wer ~ ~ cin vein ve “ey overwwe® ~~ _ Re dedided i ik ool eae de eth a4 piste ww! rivteie er eely ve” ahwhetyiere weeny wwe 4 S pcere ten ePe AF WOR Eta tly EY eeuhiereareenetoeannmeeee Nee erate tere” Peet ereiiey bed neh peote Sat a to) ti dead = * : i, Re a sa rege alte ea Sie es oe os = dq? bess! dhe vg t* sot (raided Hint iil Him vee | i i bi OSL cail Fe Report on the Hydroida collected in the Australian Bight and other Localities. BY W. M. BALE, F.R.M.S., Late Senior Inspector of Excise, Victoria. Plates I.-vIt. Great HYDROIDA.—BALE. 3 I.—REPORT ON THE HYDROIDA. JT.—Inrropuction. The Hydroids described in the present Report were obtained by the ‘‘ Endeavour” at various localities, the most important collection having been dredged in the Great Australian Bight in 1911, no less than seven species out of thirteen then collected being here described as new. A noteworthy feature is the robust character of some of the Plumularians found in this locality, two of the Aglaopheniw and one Pluinuluria reaching fully two feet in height, and comprising an enormous number of individual polypes. The locality, therefore, offers a promising ground for future research among its little-known Hydroid fauna, hitherto practically unexplored. The following is a list of the species observed, with localities :— Campanularia pumila, sp. nov.—Great Australian Bight+ Sertularella divaricata (Busk)—Hunter Group and Great Australian Bight. Sertularia macrocarpa, Bale—TDass Strait. - maplestonei, bale—Hunter Group. a unguiculata, Bush—Bass Strait. Diphasia subcarinata (Busk)—Great Australian Bight. Synthecium subventricosum, sy. nvov.—Great Australian Bight. Plumularia buskii, Bale—Great Australian Bight. procumbens, Spencer—Great Australian Bight. Fe asymmetrica, sp. nov.— Great Australian Bight. Kirchenpaueria producta, Bale—Bass Strait. Halicornopsis elegans (Lamarck)—Great Australian 99 Bight. Aglaophenia megalocarpa, sp. nov.—Great Australian Bight. A. dannevigi, sp, nov.—Great Australian Bight. A. billardi, sp. nov.—Great Australian Bight, A. tasmanica, sp. iov.—Oyster Bay, Tasmania. A. decumbens, sp. nov.—Bass Strait. Halicornaria, intermedia, sp, nov.—Oyster Bay, Tasmania. Ps birostrata, sp. nov.—Great Australian Bight. - urceolifera (Lamarck)—Great Australian Bight 4, ‘ PNDEAVOUR’’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. The specimens from the Great Australian Bight were received by me in January 1912, and the others at various times prior to that date. Much of the delay in presenting this Report has been due to the time oceupied in correspondence with friends in Europe, especially Dr. A. Billard, of Paris, and Dr, C. Hartlaub, of Heligoland, both of whom I have to thank for their kindness in comparing specimens with type forms in European Museums. II.— DESCRIPTION OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES. Famiry CAMPANULARIIDA. Genus CampanunartaA, Lamarck. CAMPANULARIA PUMILA, sp. 10v. (Plate i,, figs. 6—8.) Hydrorhiza slender, filiform, overrnnning other hydroids and giving origin at intervals to short very slender peduncles, more or less irregularly undulated at both ends, and sometimes in the intermediate portions; a more distinct spherical segment just below the hydrotheca. Hydrothece small, cylindrical, constricted just above the base, mouth with about eight truncate teeth, the truncate ends very slightly sinuated; teeth a little incurved, peristome often doubled or tripled. Gonosome :— ? This exceedingly delicate species has unbranched peduncles of varying length, commonly about as long as the hydrothece, and not very strongly undulated, The hydrothece are from 37 to ‘44 mm. in length, and *12 to°15 in width, the length depending largely on the number of successive renewals of the border, In one calycle the first peristome was about the middle of its length, and the second immediately below the third and final one. In each case the teeth of the second or third circlet corresponded in number and position with those of the original series, On account of the delicacy and the shrivelled condition of the hydrothecee I was not able in all cases to count the marginal teeth, In two or three the number was undoubtedly eight, another seemed to have seven. while in no case could the number have varied much from these. In regard to form, the denticulation of the border is precisely as that of C. spinulosa would be if the little spines, which in that species spring from the angles of the teeth, were wanting. At the “floor” of the hydrotheca there is a circlet of excessively minute bright points. Loc.:—Great Australian Bight, parasitic on Synthecium subventricosum, 40 to 100 fathoms. HYDROIDA.—BALE, 5 Famiry SERTULARIID. Genus SyntHecium, Allman. SyNTHECIUM SUBVENTRICOSUM, sp. 710U. (Plate i,, figs. 3—5.) ‘Hydrophyton usually under one inch in height, monosiphonic, pinnate, many of the pinne anastomosing with other parts of the polypidom or continued into stolons ; stem-internodes (except at the base) long, each usually bearing a pair of opposite hydrothecee at its base and summit, with a pair of opposite pinne in the middle; those at the base short, bearing a pair of opposite hydrothece only. Pinne divided into stout internodes, each supporting a pair of hydrothece ; the first hydrotheca on the proximal side of each pinna much higher than its fellow, those on successive internodes less uneven, till at about the third to the fifth internode they become opposite, Hydrothece tubular, stout, lower part vertical and often somewhat ventricose, distal part curved outward, free part short, aperture circular, margin a little sinuated at the sides and very slightly everted, looking upwards and outwards, Gonothece small, nearly globular, with five to six transverse ridges interrupted in the middle on opposite sides, mouth prominent, conical, aperture small. Polypidom thin, colourless and transparent, more or less tangled owing to the anastomosing of the pinne. This species is allied to 8. patuluim, from which it may readily be distinguished by the larger, and especially the stouter, hydrothece, with their tendency to a ventricose condition, and the distinctly sub-alternate arrangement of those on the proximal parts of the pinne. In 8. patwlum it is not unusual for the first hydrotheca on the proximal side of each pinna to be set a little higher than its opposite neighbour ; here, however, the irregularity is much more pronounced. Hach successive pair comes nearer to a strictly opposite condition, which is sometimes attained by the third pair, sometimes only by the fourth or fifth. ven after this however irregularities are not uncommon, and in some cases the more distal pairs deviate from the normal arrangement in the contrary direction to the proximal. In comparing my specimens of S. swhventricosum, 8. patuluim, and S. orthogonium, I find differences in the prevailing arrange- ment of*the internodes in all three. S. patulun generally has from one to three short proximal internodes, each of which supports a single pair of hydrothece ; above these the internodes ave long, and each bears a pair of pinne close to the summit, with a pair of hydrothecs about the middle. §8, orthogoninm > 6 ‘ENDEAVOUR’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. also has long internodes, with a pair of pinnee close to the top, but the first few internodes bear no hydrothece: the next two or three have usually a pair of hydrothecae in the raiddle, as in S. patulum, and the rest have mostly two pairs instead of one. S. subventricosum has, like S. patulum, two or three short internodes bearing hydrothece only, the rest being arranged like the upper internodes of 8. orthogonium, with two. pairs of hydrothecee coming between every two pairs of pinne. Here however the nodes come between the two pairs of hydrothece, so that an internode supports a pair of pinne in the middle, with a pair of hydrcthece at the top and another pair at the bottom (the two pairs therefore being pretty close together). There are however in many cases less pronounced nodes just above the pinne, in addition to those described. Both in this species and S. patulum the joints between the proximal short internodes are apt to be indistinct. How far these characters are to be reiied upon is at present impossible to determine, but many irregularities certainly occur ; however the other characters will easily suffice to distinguish S. subventricosum from either of the others. The gonangia are very small, about °75 mm. long and the same in width, very little if at all compressed, and their markings are of the same type as those of S. elegans, but without the extreme regularity indicated by Allman’s figures. The alternating ridges (which in all the specimens seen numbered five or six), are like those of Sertularella divaricata and its allies, having a delicate free-edged expansion or flounce running round them. It may be remarked in passing that the arrangement of the stem-internodes described above will,if found to be sufficiently constant supply a definite mark of distinction between S. patulum and S. orthogonium, two species which in regard to the form and arrangement. of the hydrothecw approach each other closely. All my specimens of S. patulum have the proximal internodes short, without pinne, while all those of S. orthogonium have them long, with pinne only. The latter arrangement is similar to that indicated by Marktanner- Turneretscher for his specimens of S. campylocarpum, Allman. Allman described that species as having no hydrothece on the stem except an “occasional pair.” Marktanuer-Turneretscher says, however, that in his specimens the upper internodes bear two pairs of hydrothece as well as a pair of pinne, though the lower ones bear pinne only. I must admit my inability to find anything to distinguish S. campylocarpwin from thé earlier S. orthogonium. Both Campenhausen and Marktanner-Turnerets- cher say that the hydrothece of the specimens which they refer to S. campylocarpum are like those of S. orthogoniwm, and neither observer furnishes any reason for assigning them to the HYDROIDA.—BALE, ~ former species rather than to the latter. Campenhausen’s figure of the hydrothece serves perfectly for S. orthogonium, and Allman’s figure of the gonangium of his species seems to be only an idealized representation of that of Busk’s species, which varies greatly in the degree of development of the transverse ridges. A feature sometimes very noticeable in 8. subventricosum is the presence of a distinct lining or inner layer of the hydrotheca- wall, which in many cases has so far become separated from the outer perisare as to constitute a distinct inner tube, running from the base to the summit of the hydrotheca, and not fitting closely to the outer wall throughout, but more or less detached from it at intervals; especially in such parts as the slight inflation commonly found at the base, and the angle at the upper part of the adcauline side. In the middle portion of the hydrotheca and near the aperture it is usually so intimately united to the outer wall as to be indistinguishable, but it may separate at any portion and become conspicuous through its irregularly crumpled condition. It is observable in many specimens from which all trace of the hydranths and conosare has disappeared, while in other instances no trace of it can be distinguished. It may be connected with the regeneration of the hydranths, though it is often not to be detected in hydrothece of which the border has been reduplicated, while it is frequently very distinct in specimens where regeneration does not appear to have taken place. In many of the hydrothece of 8. subventricosum are found ova, 920-230 p in length, 165-180 » in width, perfectly elliptical, yellow in colour, and situated exactly in the bend of the hydrothecx, to the diameter of which their own is nearly equal, Some are quite fresh-looking, others empty and shrivelled. The polypidoms in which these were found were quite empty other- wise, all traces of the original soft parts having disappeared, both from the trophosome and the gonangia. In a specimen of 8. patulum, probably from Port Phillip, I found what appeared to be the remains of similar bodies. It would be a singular instinct which should lead some animal to select especially the empty polyparies of Syntheciwm wherein to deposit its eggs, but I can suggest no other explanation, Loc.:—Great Australian Bight, on large Plumularians, 40 to 100 fathoms. Genus Dipnasia, Agassiz. DIPHASIA SUBCARINATA (Bush). Sertularia sub-carinata, Busk, Voy, ‘“ Rattlesnake,” i., 1852, p. 390. Diphasia sub-carinata, Bale, Cat. Austr. Hyd. Zooph., 1884, p. 102, pl. iv., fig. 1, pl, xix., fig. 18; Kirkpatrick, Sci. Proce. Roy. Dublin Soe,, vi. (N.s.), 1890, p. 604; Ritchie, Austr. Mus. Mem,, iv., 1911, p. 850. 8 ‘“¢PNDEAVOUR ” SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. ; One of the specimens of Agluophenia megulocarpa had a colony of this species over-running the stem. ‘lhe hydrothece however differ from those of all other specimens which I have seen in having the third (lowest) marginal tooth quite obsolete, so that there is only a bidentate border. The usual condition of D. subearinata is unbranched, but branched specimens often occur. In such cases the branches spring from normal internodes of the primary shoot, generally below a hydrotheca, but in some cases above; and the arrange- ment of the hydrothece in opposite pairs is the same on the primary shoot as on the branches. In most specimens there is, inside the angle of flexure of the hydrotheca, a slight transverse ridge or thickening, the rudiment of that which in a more fully developed form is found in the corresponding position in Sertularia crenata. Loc. :—Great Australian Bight, 40 to 100 fathoms. Genus Serrutarta, Linn. (in part.) The Sertularie collected by the ‘Endeavour ’—S. macro- carpa, S. maplestonei, S. wnguiculata—all belong to a well- defined group, of which S. elongata may be taken as the type, and which includes also among Australian species S. recta, S. pulchella, S. geminata, Thuiaria heteromorpha, and possibly a few others. S. macrocarpa was placed by Schneider in his “Dynamena-group,’ and S. maplestonei and S. elongata in the ‘““ Thuiaria-group, though the three species are identical in habit ;- and in neither case do the characters of these species conform to the descriptions given by Schneider. In the Dynamena-group the hydrothece are opposite, with only one pair on an internode, and the side branches, when present, spring from one or both sides of a normal internode The essential point is that the giving-off of branches does not in any way disturb the order of the hydrothece on the primary shoot, consequently the arrangement is precisely the same on the stem and branches. ‘Typical examples are S. gracilis, and S. pumila, the first of which generally gives off its branches singly, while in S. pumila they are often in opposite pairs. Diphasia subcarinata is a common Australian example of this —the most primitive—mode of branching. The ramification of S. macrocarpa has no resemblance to this type, but, as I indicated in my original description, agrees precisely with that of 8. elongata and S. maplestonei. The reference of these species to the Thuiaria-group is equally untenable, as they do not bear “from several to many” hydrothecz on each internode, but Schneider fully recognised that the groups were not sharply defined, and that many species were intermediate, ite) HY DROIDA.—BALE. All the above-named species (with many others) agree in the arrangement of the stem-internodes. Hvery such internode gives origin at the base to a pinna, which has a single unpaired hydrotheca in the axil. Higher up, it bears the regular pair of hydrothece, only it will be observed that in most cases the one on the same side as the pinna is higher than the corresponding one on the opposite side, being as it were crowded out of its normal position owing to the presence below it of the pinna with its axillary hydrotheca. In attenuated individuals of some of the species, where the internodes are much elongated, the difference of level may be so great that the paired condition is not at first noticeable. The mode of ramification just described contrasts strongly with that of the Dynamena-group, and the existence of an entirely different arrangement of the hydrothece on the pinne, as compared with those on the stem, marks a distinct advance in organisation. This arrangement of the stem-internodes, (which is especially typical of the genus Sertwlaria), is not confined to the group under consideration, but is found in a number of small delicate forms such as S. tenuis, S. inflata, and S. biscuspidata. They differ from the S. elongata group not only in their more delicate texture and small size, but in the fact that their pinne are wholly divided into internodes of equal value, and exhibit no tendency towards the production of internodes of the second or third order. They are thus more closely allied to the Dynamena- group, and indeed are typical Dynainene as understood by Kirchenpauer, The distinction between them and Schneider’s Dynamena-group may be well illustrated by the comparison between S. gracilis and S. tenuis. Both these species are very similar in the form of the hydrothece as well as the gonangia, and both may exist in the unbranched condition. But when S. gracilis produces side branches the arrangement of the hydrothecz on the stem is unaltered, and the stem and branches are exactly alike. S. tenuis on the other hand, when producing side branches, invariably has them in the form of alternate pinne, with the complete differentiation of stem and _ pinne, as in the S. elongata group, The peculiar characteristic of S. elongata and its allies consists in the general tendency for the older internodes of the pinne (or some of them) to bear two or three or even more pairs of hydrothece, while on the distal portions one pair is the rule. The prevalence of longer or shorter internodes in_ particular specimens examined has led to untenable distinctions being drawn, such as the reference of some members of the group to Thutaria and others to Sertularia. SS. elongata, the most abundant species, may serve to illustrate the habit of the group. In the smallest 10 ‘ PNDEAVOUR’”’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. form, which is also the commonest, and which may average about three-quarters of an inch in height, the whole of the pinne may be composed of internodes bearing asingle pair. Generally, however, from two to four pinne, about the centre, may have a couple of pairs on the first internode, but on no others. So, as the hydrophyton is more robust, we find a larger proportion of the internodes supporting two or more pairs. In the largest specimen which I have in a preparation I find one of the median pinne with four pairs on the first internode, two each on the second, third, and fourth, and one on each of the other eight. The nearest pinna on the opposite side has one internode with four pairs, two with two pairs each, and ten with one pair. | No other pinna commences with more than three pairs. It is very probable that in larger specimens the development of the longer internodes may be carried still further. It may be observed, in regard to S. elongatu, that in these distinctions there is no question of a mere difference of age. The robust forms are on a larger scale than the others from the root up, the hydrothecee being in proportion to the general size of the polypidom. Further, it is evident that the ultimate height is approximately determined by the time the shoot is half grown, for we find that only a very few pinne about the middle reach the maximum development, the succeeding ones then commencing to diminish, In fairly large specimens of S. maplestonei the most ordinary arrangement is for the longest internodes to bear four, or even five pairs, then follow from one to three internodes of two pairs each, and finally from one to five or six with only one pair. In other parts of the same specimen the first internode may bear two or three pairs, and all the rest one pair; and an internode of the second order often comes between two of the first, ‘There seems more tendency than in NS. elongata for the longer internodes to persist nearly to the end of the piune. Ihave not met with specimens corresponding with the smallest forms of S. elongata, in such it might be expected that internodes of the first order would be more prevalent. In S. bidens the habit is similar to that of S. maplestonei, but in such specimens as I have seen the tendency is towards shorter internodes, and in a small specimen all the internodes, with very few exceptions, are of the first order. S. pulchella has the arrangement much the same as the last. In S. yeminata many pinne consist mainly of internodes of the second order, others almost entirely of single pairs. In the commonest form of S. iacrocarpu all the internodes may have a single pair only, but in other specimens internodes of the second order prevail throughout. HYDROIDA.—BALE. 11 In NS. recta I have seen no internodes with more than one pair, but I have met with two specimens only, both very small. S. unguiculata stands by itself in its excessive variability. By far the most abundant form is about the same size as the small variety of S. elongata and is a typical Sertularia, with very few exceptions to the rule that each internode supports a single pair, Somewhat larger forms differ from these exactly as described under §. elongata, to which this species is, so far, strictly parallel, but beyond these we meet with a series of varieties leading up to forms in which there are no short internodes, and a pinna may support a great number of hydrothecxw divided between one or two internodes only. Such forms are in every respect (except in the stem-internodes) typical Thuiariw, yet it 1s impossible to find any distinct line of demarcation between them and the ordinary varieties. Thuiuria heteromorpha, according to Allman’s account, scarcely differs from S. wiguiculata except in the absence of the bidentate margin of the hydrotheca. Itis not known however if it exhibits such an extreme tendency to variability as is found in the allied species. Allman, recognizing that the hydroid combined the characters of more than one genus, placed it under Thuiaria, on the ground that the characters of that genus predominated. Among these characters he included the arrangement of the stem-internodes, but in this he was mistaken, as the arrangement is that of a typical Sertularia, only that the internodes are double, each being formed by the complete coalescence of two of the stem-internodes described in the foregoing remarks. In S. unguiculata single and double internodes occur en the same shoot, and often mixed indiscriminately, and I have little doubt that further examination will prove that the same condition occurs in Allman’s species. As I shall presently show there is also a characteristic Thuiarian stem-internode, different in arrangement from that found in the group we are considering. All the preceding forms are undoubtedly, in my opinion, true Sertularie, being distinguished from Thuiaria by the paired condition of the hydrothece, both on the stem and the pinne, and by the presence, and frequently the preponderance, of internodes with a single pair. The occurrence of inter- nodes of higher orders on all but the smallest specimens is exactly similar to what takes place in Sertularella divaricata. Here the rule is that every internode bears a single hydrotheca, but in specimens of elongated habit we find that not only on the stem, but on parts of the pinne, several /hydrothece may be borne on a single internode. But no one proposes there- fore to remove the species from the genus Sertularella. In a typical Thuiaria the hydrothece are not paired but biserial, and an internode very often bears unequal numbers on the two sides ; 12 “ENDEAVOUR” SCIENTIFIC RESUL''S. it even happens sometimes that they may be closer on one side than the other, twelve on one side for example occupying as much space as thirteen on the other, Allman first referred to Thuiaria such species as his 1’. sertularioides, a true Sertularia, solely on the ground that several pairs of hydrothece were carried on a single internode. He afterwards retracted this determination, but some observers have adhered to it, often however somewhat arbitrarily, applying the rule in some cases and not in others. The fact is that in some of the most typical species of Sertularia the occurrence of internodes of the second and third order is common, and such is the case with S. pumila itself, which nevertheless is always regarded as a typical representative of the genus. In the few Australian species of Thuiaria known to me—T, lata, T. fenestrata, T. quadridens, T. sinuosa, T. subarticulata— I find a uniform type of stem-division. Hach internode supports a pinna and three hydrothece, but the arrangement is quite different from that which exists in 8. elongata and its allies. the pinna is given off from the middle of the internode, there is a hydrotheca below and another above it, and a single one on the opposite side. There is no paired arrangement, so that the unpaired condition of the hydrothece is common to the stem and pime. In one or two of these species the nodes may be indistinguishable on the older parts of the stem, but the arrange- ment of the pinne and the hydrothece is as described, and on the more recently-formed portions the internodes are distiet. Some of the hydroids here associated are now ranked by most observers under the genus Sertularella; to me, however, they appear a thoroughly homogeneous group, and I am quite unable to find any distinction of sufficient importance to justify their separation. 7’. lata and 1’. quadridens doubtless have a very Sertularella-like aspect, owing to the regular alternation of the hydrothece, which is a necessary result of the narrowness of the pinne forcing them into that position. In the broader forms of T'. quadridens, where the two series have room to develop independently of each other, the arrangement is sometimes subalternate rather than strictly alternate. Those varieties of S. divaricata in which several hydrothece are carried on a single internode approximate very closely to 7’. latu, yet there is a radical difference readily perceived by studying the development in the terminal portions of the pinne. Kvyen in those forms of S. divaricata in which the Thuiaria-like structure is most apparent—var. subdichotoma for example—the newly-formed portions are, so far as I have seen, divided into the single-celled internodes characteristic of the genus, But the nodes, though unmistakeable, are very slightly marked, and as the perisare thickens with growth many of them become obliterated. This HYDROIDA.—BALE. 13 is what takes place also in Thuiaria sertularioides, and the recognition of which led Allman to remove the species from Thuiaria, in which genus he had at first placed it. In Thuiaria, internodes bearing several hydrothece are strictly normal, and are developed continuously in the first instance, not formed by the coalescence of a namber of originally single-celled internodes as.in the varieties of S. divaricata. Of course I do not dispute, that these or other forms of Sertularella may also develop continuous multiple-celled internodes, thus linking the two genera, but I have never seen an undoubted Sertularella in which the typical single-celled internodes were not present in some portions of the polypidom, nor in which the structure was such as to forbid the assumption that all the internodes had originated in the same manner. Very commonly the stem of Sertularella divaricata is divided by strongly marked nodes into internodes of three hydrothece, but between the component hydrothece of these internodes are often distinguishable less pronounced constrictions, which evidently remain to indicate where the original nodes have become almost obliterated ; while in other varieties of the same species all remain equally distinct. In Thuiaria, even in such a species as 7’. lata, not only are the internodes without these vestigial joints, but itis usually obvious that they have never been so divided, on account of the hydrothecz following each other so closely. Where nodes do occur therefore they necessitate a gap between the hydrothece on either side of them which is permanent, and the fact that the hydrothecze on an internode are so closely crowded and without gaps between them is evidence that the internode has been developed without interruption. It will of course be apparent from the foregoing remarks that I am here adhering to the principle of classification which bases the generic characters primarily on the grouping of the hydrothece, in short that I retain the genera precisely as they were almost universally understood when my earlier papers were written. ‘lhe majority of observers, while retaining in the main the same principle, have modified the genera in various directions in partial accordance with Levinsen’s views, according to which the structure of the individual hydrothecee (especially the operculum) is of principal importance. I have been reluctant to discard the old classification so long as systematists give it any countenance, especially in view of the fact that many of the Australian species are so imperfectly known that it would be impossible to classify them on Levinsen’s system. Even in S. elongata, our commonest species, nothing is yet known of the operculum, while in various species which have been often examined, competent observers like Nutting and Levinsen are unable to agree as to the actual structure of this appendage. ” 14 ‘* PNDEAVOUR - SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. While these sheets are passing through the press, however, I have been favored by Professor Levinsen with a copy of his important paper, just issued, entitled “Systematic Studies on the Sertulariide.” In this work he re-states and elaborates his views as to the primary importance of the operculum in classifica- tion, and insists that the mere arrangement of the hydrothece is of no generic value whatever. This paper demands the most careful study, and, if its author’s conclusions are vindicated, will result in the complete breaking-down of the old generic boundaries and a drastic re- -arrangement which, while retaining ‘the old names, will employ them in a sense having no relation to their former meaning. Meanwhile, so long as we continue to accord primary importance to the growth-characters, I think we should do so consistently, hence my objection for example to the reference of Thuiaria lata to Sertularella. If Levinsen’s views be adopted that reference will undoubtedly be correct, but if a systematist accepts (as the majority do) the arrangement of the hydrothece as his principal criterion in discriminating between Sertularia, Thuiaria, Selaginopsis, etc., I cannot see why the same principle should not apply to the case in point. I may add that in Levinsen’s system 8. macrocarpa, S. naplestonei, and similar species are referred to a new genus— Odontotheca. SERTULARIA MACROCARPA, Bale. Sertularia macrocarpa, Bale, Cat. Austr. Hyd. Zooph., 1884, p. 80," ple vi, fg... 2) plh xix.2 ig, i aiken Turneretscher, Ann. k.k, naturhist. Hofmuseums Wien, ., 1890, p. 232; Jaderhoim, Bihang k. svenska vet.-akad. Handlingar, 21, 1896, p.18; Schneider, Zoolog. Jahrb., x., 1897, p. 523; Calkins, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat, Hist., xxviil., 1899, p. 359. Two varieties of this species were noted. In the first, which is similar to the original type, the hydrothece have their upper side at right angles with the hydrocanlus only on the proximal portions of the pinne, but elsewhere they are distinctly ascend- ing, this character becoming more and more pronounced as they approach the distal extremity of the pinna, where they are almost tubular, and directed upward as much as outward. Beyond the last pair the hydrocaulus is commonly continued into a long tubular prolongation, often of three or four internodes, bearing in some cases one or two hydrothece, often more or less deformed, but mostly without any. The pinna-internodes each support a single pair of hydrothece. The other variety has the stem-internodes longer, the pinne comprising internodes bearing each two pairs of hydrothecw, which may persist throughout, or HYDROIDA.—BALP. 15 may be succeeded by a few internodes with a single pair. The upper hydrothece have not the subtubular ascending habit found in the type form, nor do the pinne run out into long tubular prolongations. A similar variety has been found at Portland. The jointing of the base of the pinne varies greatly in this species. In some individuals the apophysis has a very strongly- marked transverse node in the middle, then it is separated from the pinna by a conspicuous oblique joint, the pinna running down to a sharp point in front of the apophysis, which is continued upward into a similar point. But specimens occur in which these joints are scarcely marked, or even indistinguishable, so that the pinna appears continuous with the stem. Intermediate forms are found, and even in the same specimen the joints may vary considerably in distinctness. The two species which most resemble S. muacrocarpa in the form of the hydrothece are S. bidens and S. recta. SS. bidens is smaller in all its parts, with sharper teeth on the hydrotheca- margin; it is also distinguished by the presence of a small chitinous projection inside the apocauline wall of the hydrotheca, and the absence of the distinct tooth inside the aperture ; while the gonangia are of totally distinct forms in the two species. The likeness to S. recta is,in regard to the trophosome, rather closer, The unusual feature of the latter species, noted in my first specimen, is also found in the only other example which I have seen, namely the situation of the two series of hydrothecze in a single plane, so that there is no distinction of anterior and posterior aspect to the polypidom, I do not however lay too much stress on this, knowing that in some hydroids there is much inconstancy in this particular, The pinne of S. recta stand off from the internodes at right angles, while those of S. macrocarpa form a somewhat smaller angle with the stem. The stem- internodes of S. recta are however more strongly zig-zag, so that the inclination of the pinne to the general axis of the stem is much the same in the two species. In §. macrocarpa the axillary hydrothece diverge from the stem at about the same angle as do the pinnex, so that they lie along the latter; in S. recta they stand out midway between the stem and the pinne. The internal tooth found in the hydrotheca of S. macrocarpa is not present in S, recta. I have had some doubt as to whether the two species might not prove to be con- nected, but according to Bartlett’s observations the gonangia of S. recta are wholly unlike the large smooth form of those of S. macrocarpa, being furnished with annular transverse ridges similar to those found in many species of Sertularella. Loc.—Bass Strait, ’ 16 ** ENDEAVOUR’? SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. SERTULARIA MAPLESTONEL, Bale. Sertularia maplestonei, Bale, Cat. Austr. Hyd. Zooph., 1884, p. 70, pl. vi., fig. 4, pl. xix., fig, 2; Marktanner-'urneretscher, Ann. k.k. naturhist. Hofmuseums Wien, v., 1890, p. 231. (Not Thuiaria maplestonei, Billard, Arch. Zool. Exp. (4), vii., 1907, p. 349, fig. v.) These specimens are, so far as the trophosome is concerned, quite similar to those originally described; but the gonangia differ in the development of the angles at the sides of the orifice, which are prolonged upwards into erect tubular horns, attaining in some instances as much as one-fourth the length of the body of the gonangium. Billard unites S. bidens with S. maplestonei under the name of Thuiaria maplestonei. The two species are undoubtedly closely allied, but the different forms of the hydrothece in our specimens justifies, I think, their separation, at least pending the discovery of intermediate forms. My specimens of both species show the small internal process near the base of the hydrothece, but I cannot find in any instance the double process higher up on the same side, as seen by Warren and Billard in their African specimens of S. bidens. Nor can I find the internal tooth below the margin on the adcauline side, though in some cases the hydrotheca-wall is thickened at this part so as to resemble, in side view, a projecting tooth, a feature common to a number of species. As to the generic position of these species, I refer to my preceding remarks under Sertularia. Their habit is in all respects similar to that of S. elongata. Loc.:—Hunter Group, 15 fathoms ; Bass Strait. SERTULARIA UNGUICULATA, Busk. Sertularia unguiculata, Busk, Voy. ‘‘ Rattlesnake,” 1852, p- 394; Bale. Cat. Austr. Hyd. Zooph., 1884, p. 76, pl. vi., fig. 9-12, pl. xix, fig. 8; id., Proc: Roy. Soc. (Viet., vi; (N.S,), 1893, p. 100; Marktanner-Turneretscher, Ann. k.k, naturhist. H>fmuseums Wien, v., 1890, p. 231; Farquhar, Trans, N.Z. J st., xxviii, 1896, p. 459, Sertularia,.sy ?, Coughtrey, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), xvil,, 1376, p, 29 (mote), pl. iii. Thuiaria ambigua, D’A.W. Thompson, Ann. Mag. Nat, Hist. (5), 11, 1879, p, 111, pl. xix. fig, 2. 2a; Kirchenpauer, Abh. Nat. Ver. Hamb., viii., 1884, p.-25. HYDROIDA.—BALE. Lh Desmoscyphus wunguiculata, Allman, Journ, Linn, Soc., Zool., xix., 1885, p. 144, pl. xvii., fig. 5-7. Dynamena australis, Kirchenpauer, Verhand. K, L.-C. Akad., xxxi., 1864, p. 11, fig. 5 a-e. Sertularia australis, D’A. W, Thompson, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), iii, 1879, p. 105, pl. xvii, fig. 4, 4a; Bale, Cat. Austr. Hyd, Zooph., 1884, p. 72, pl. viil., figs. 7, 8. Desmoscyphus pectinatus, Allman, “ Challenger”? Report., Zool., xxiii, Hydroida, Pt. 2, 1888, p. 71, pl. xxxiv., figs., 1—1b. Sertularia Challengeri, Nutting, Amer. Hydroids, The Sertularide, 1904, p. 54, pl. ii, fig. 1, 2; Billard, Ann, Sci. Nats.(0)e xt) LOO So, 19S tige ©. ? Thuiaria heteromorpha, Allman, Journ, Linn, Soc,, Zool., xix., 1885, p. 147, pl. xx., fig. 1-5. (Not Sertularia australis, Bale, Trans. and Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict., xxili., 1887, p. 93.) Two forms of this most variable of the Sertulari@, collected in Bass Strait, represent perhaps the extreme limits of the species in two opposite directions ; one, the ordinary small form, about three-quarters of an inch in height, with the most widely divergent hydrothece found in any of the varieties; the other, more attenuated in habit than any which I have previously met with, reaching five or six inches in height, and with the hydrothece narrow and but slightly divergent, I have referred previously to the small form (which is the most abundant) as having the internodes of the pinne bearing only one pair of hydrothece, with the exception of one or two of the proximal internodes on a few of the pinne, which bear two pairs. The stem-internodes are short, somewhat zig-zag, with the nodes strongly marked, and the hydrothece forming the pair are pretty close to each other ; indeed towards the upper part of the stem they are often opposite and in contact, just as on the pinne. Throughout the polypidom the hydrothece have the upper portion strongly divergent; often the bend outward is quite abrupt, and beyond it the outer side rises in a sweeping upward curve, which is continued to the point of the long outer tooth. The aperture is elliptic and characteristically directed forward and outward, not upward as in S, macrocarpa and similar species. The hydrothecee on the pinne are strictly in opposite pairs, and in contact in the front, b) 18 ‘“* PNDEAVOUR”’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. Somewhat larger forms differ in the greater prevalence of internodes of the second, third, and higher orders; and with the longer internodes is associated a much less divergent condition of the hydrothece borne by them, though in the distal portions, where only asingle pair occupies an internode, they may differ little or not at all from those of the smaller form. The stem-internodes, or many of them, are long, supporting two pinne and_ six hydrothece, and are especially characteristic of the species. In the smallest variety the stem-internodes are arranged in the typical Sertularian fashion, that is to say each internode bears at its base a pinna with its axillary hydrotheca, and above it a pair of hydrothece, usually sub-alternate, In the larger forms we find that a stem-internode generally has on one side a pinna with three hydrothece above it, and on the other a hydrotheca near the base, then a pinna, and above the pinna two hydrothece. This arrangement was mentioned by Busk (from whom I received a drawing of it), and by later observers, and naturally appeared somewhat bizarre to those who did not notice that the long internodes were simply equivalent to two of the shorter ones united, The nodes are oblique, sloping alternately to right and left when the internodes are single, but in a series of the double internodes, every alternate node being suppressed, the nodes all slope in the same direction. It is not implied that the double internodes are formed from two originally single ones by the obliteration of the dividing node, as often occurs in Sertularella and elsewhere ; they are, I have no doubt, formed continuously in the first instance, Inthe smallest forms single stem-internodes are the rule, and often occur exclusively; some of the larger varieties have only the double type, others have single and double ones interspersed without definite order, or more commonly double ones at the base and middle, and single ones near the summit. Among other varieties we find some in which the pinna- internodes are still longer, and single-paired internodes are few or entirely wanting ; even the distal hydrothecee may be much less divergent, and a transition to the genus Thuiaria is shown by the hydrothecse on the proximal portions of the pinne, which are often neither opposite nor distinctly paired, but may vary from opposite to alternate, while they are separated in front, One pinna may have internodes with sixteen or eighteen pairs, all opposite or nearly so, while another on the same stem may have them almost exactly alternate. Another specimen has pinne consisting of a single internode, and bearing over twenty pairs of hydrothecze, all strictly opposite, in contact in front, and with only the mouth portion divergent, in short, not distinguishable from a Thwiaria. | The larger specimens collected by the “ Endeavour” differ from other varieties in their attenuated condition. The stem- HYDROIDA.—BALE. 19 internodes, which are of the double type, are very long, and the two hydrothece forming each pair are often widely separated, so that their paired condition is not obvious. The internodes of the pinne do not support many pairs—only two or three in the specimens examined—and many of the distal internodes are single-paired ; but the pairs are far apart and the hydrothecw themselves narrow and but little divergent. The teeth are much shorter than in more typical forms. In most varieties the nodes of the stem are well-marked and constricted, but I have seen specimens in which they are faint and not accompanied by any constriction, so that they are scarcely noticeable. T have now little doubt that the Dynamena australis of Kirchenpauer is identical with the smallest variety of this species. I formerly identified with D, australis a hydroid which [had previously regarded as a pinnate form of 8S. loculosa but which I now believe to be S. inflata (Versluys), though there is a doubt on the subject until the gonangia are known. Kirchen- pauer’s description, so far as it goes, agrees entirely with my specimens; and though his figure shows the hydrothecs too divergent for average examples it agrees passably with some in my possession. Thompson’s account is equally applicable, especially in its reference to the internodes of the pinne supporting either one or two pairs of hydrothece; a feature not noticed by Kirchenpauer. Sertularia challengert, Nutting (Desmoscyphus pectinatus, Allman), seems also to be no other than the present species. Allman’s figure, which represents the pinnz as divided through- out into single-paired internodes, is not very distinctive, but with the description, may well indicate the small variety, Nutting’s description and figure, representing the proximal end of the pinna with more than one pair, is more characteristic, and leaves little doubt as to the identity of the specimen figured.* Thuiaria heteromorpha, Allman, seems to be distinguished from S. unguiculata only by the hydrothece, of which the proximal ones are said to have the margin entire, while the distal ones have the border running out into a single point. I am doubtful whether it is not a form of the present species with abbreviated teeth, approaching the slender variety obtained by the “Endeavour.” It has the characteristic stem-internodes of the double type. Loc.—Bass Strait. * Dr. Kirkpatrick, after referring to Allman’s type, now confirms this identification. ’ 20 ‘CPNDEAVOUR ”’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. Genus SERTULARELLA, Gray. SERTULARELLA DIVARICATA (Bush.) (Plate ii., figs. 1—9.) Sertularia divaricata, Busk, Voy. Rattlesnake, 1852, p, 388. Sertularella divaricata, Bale, Cat. Austr. Hyd. Zooph., 1884, p. 190,) pli fies OF pl. ies 20a. rac. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, (2), iii., 1888, p. 761, pl. xvi., figs. 1—2 (var. dubia), p. 761, pl. xvi, figs. 3—4 (var. subdichotoma) ; Schneider, Zool. Jahrb, 10, 1897, p. 525; Hartlaub, Abh. Nat. Ver. Hamb., xvi., 1900, pp. 23, 27, 38, pl. ii, figs. 15—20; Ritchie, Mem. Austr. Mus., iv., 1911, p. 8389 (var. subdichotoma). Sertularella subdichotoma, Kirchenpauer, Abh. Nat, Ver. Hamb., viii., 1884, p. 46, pl. xvi., figs. 1—1lb; Hartlaub, Abh. Nat. Ver. Hamb., xvi., 1900, p. 8383—38, pl.i., figs. 3, 4, 6—9, 11—16, pl. ii., figs. LO—17, 51—52, pl. iii. figs. 3, 4,13, 14; id. Voy. “ Belgica,” 1904, p. 6; id. Zool. Jabrb., Suppl. vi., Band 11i1., 1905, p. 629, figs. V*, W*; Jaderholm, Arkiv for Zoologi k. svenska Vetenskapsakad., i., 1903, p. 278, ii., 1904, p. 3, vi., 1910, p. 4; id. Schwed. Siidpolarexp., 1901—3, vi., 1905, p. 25, pl. ix., fig. 8; Nutting, Amer. Sertularidae, 1904, p. 96, pl. xxii., figs. 8—12; Vanhdffen, Deutsche Siidpolarexp., 1901—8, xi. Zool. i., 1911, p. 326, fig. 41 a—e. Sertularella Johnstoni, Bale, Cat. Austr. Hyd. Zooph., 1884, p; 109° (in? part), “ply i. Wie. 3 plexes. Bells wae Trans. and Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict., xxi, 1887, p., 93 (in part); 7d. Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict., vi., N.S.;) 1893, p- 102; Billard (in part), Ann. Sci. Nat. (9), xi., 1910, Poke. (NotSertularia Johnstoni, Gray, Dieff. N. Zealand, 11., 1843 p. 294). Hydrocaulus monosiphonic, pinnate or bipinnate, or with irregular subdichotomons ramification ; the more regular forms with the pinnez alternate, three hydrothecee between every two pinnee on the same side. Internodes of the stem usually bearing from one to three hydrothece ; those of the pinne generally bearing only one each, but in some varieties often having more than one, especially on the proximal portions of the pinne. Many of the pinne terminating in long twisted tendrils, which may become attached to other parts of the polypidom. HYDROIDA.——BALE. 21 Hydrothece tubular or sub-conical, both series in one plane, or directed more or less forward, and varying considerably in the extent to which they are divergent laterally, often with a somewhat abrupt bend outward; margin with three teeth, one superior and two lateral, and an operculum of three pieces; no internal teeth. An apparent oblique septum crossing the interior of many of the hydrothece. Gonothece large, borne on the pinne, surrounded by a number of prominent annular ridges except on the back, which is smooth and appressed to the pinna; the extreme distal portion of the gonotheca projecting forward and having the ridges completely annular; aperture excentric, very variable in width, with the lip more or less everted or funnel-shaped. Under S. divaricata I include the species originally described by me under that name, with vars. dubia and subdichotoma (the latter being synonymous with 9, swhdichotoma, K.) and the variety which I formerly described as the Bass Strait form of S. johnstoni, but which, in accordance with Hartlaub’s classifi- cation, must be considered distinct from that species ; together with such varieties as are so closely allied to the foregoing as to preclude, in my opinion their specific separation, The species, so constituted, is extremely variable, in fact out of nine preparations which I possess from various localities no two are completely alike, The points of difference are—the ramification, the presence or absence of a distinct joint between every two hydrothece, the length of the internodes and consequent distance apart of the hydrothecex, their position in one or two planes, their lateral divergence and whether such divergence is abrupt or gradual, and the extent to which they are adnate; and, as regards the gonangia, their size and form, the number and prominence of their annulations, and especially the size and form of the mouth. The presence of an apparent septum in the hydrotheca, and the tendency of many of the ramules to run out into twisted tendrils, which may become attached to other portions of the polypidom, are characters which, I believe, are found more or less frequently in all the varieties. The essential character of S. subdichotoima, as described by Kirchenpauer, was the irregular ramification as opposed to the pinnate habit of S. divaricata. The gonangia were not in question, as neither Busk nor Kirchenpauer were acquainted with the gonangia of §. divuricata, and it may be pointed out that it is quite as likely as not that Busk’s original species may have had gonangia similar to those of the var. subdichotoma, Hartlaub, finding that the ramification was too inconstant to 22 ‘“‘ ENDEAVOUR” SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. serve as a specific distinction, and accepting my identification of S. divaricata as a form with wide-mouthed gonangia, has practically made the possession of a narrow funnel-shaped lip the prime character of S. swbdichotoma. My examination of numerous specimens shows that neither of these types of gonangium has any exclusive connection with any particular form of trophosome. In considering the trophosome only, and disregarding the unimportant distinctions between regular and irregular ramitica- tion, the varieties may be grouped in two series. In one, which includes the type and var. subdichotoma, the internodes are long, and the hydrothece therefore are wide apart, and as a rule (though with many exceptions) in one plane and not very widely divergent laterally. The stem-internodes commonly bear about three hydrothece, and even on the pinne many of the nodes are indistinct or wholly wanting. In the second group the internodes are more distinct and mostly shorter, and the hydrothece closer together, their lateral divergence is greater and they are mostly adnate for a less proportion of their length ; they are rarely in the same plane, but the two series are in planes which meet at an angle often as small as 90°. The general habit is mostly more bushy and compact than in the first group, but there is no abrupt or considerable gap betweeu the two. Proceeding now to consider the differences in the gonosome, which are more important, as the case for the separation of S. subdichotoma rests upon them, we find that the varieties may here again be separated into two series, but not coinciding with the two series as determined by the trophosome. In one group, of which 8. divaricata is typical, the aperture of the gonangium is large, with a wide everted lip, more ample in some varieties than in others; in the other series, which includes S. subdichotoma, there is a much smaller orifice with a funnel-shaped lip. In four specimens of the first group the diameter of the orifice ranges from ‘13 to "19 mm., in four of the second from ‘044 to ‘059, while in one form it varies between ‘074 and ‘089. This last variety, while obviously approaching S. subdichotoma, is so far intermediate as to suggest the probability of finding, with further material, a complete range of connecting forms. The following is a summary of the characters of the nine different specimens of which I have preparations, accompanied by the average dimensions in millimetres. 1. S. divarieuta, Port Stephens. This is the form which I described as typical in 1884, as it bears the closest resemblance to Busk’s description and drawing of any which I have seen. It also agrees well with Hartlaub’s account and figures. It has alternate pinne arranged in the fashion typical of the species, but with many irregularities, and it is often in parts bipinnate. HYDROIDA.—BALE. 23 The stem-internodes usually bear three hydrothece ; those of the pinne mostly support only one, though the larger pinne, which themselves bear secondary pinne, tend towards the same structure as the stem. The internodes vary much in length, the distal ones which I measured averaged about ‘49 mm., but on the older part some of them reached about °75 (in all cases the measurements are of internodes with a single hydrotheca only). The hydrothece themselves measured from the base to the top of the lateral teeth about 40, and their diameter at the base of the free portion about ‘21. They are adnate about two-thirds of their height, and mostly directed slightly forward, though in other parts of the same colony they may be in the same plane. They are moderately divergent laterally, and occasionally the outward bend is rather abrupt. The free part is tubular, not distinctly conical, The gonangia average about 1°40 to 1°50 in length by ‘89 in width; the annulations, of which there are about nine, are very prominent; the aperture has an internal diameter of about ‘16 to ‘18, with an everted lip abont ‘19 to *22 across, and having an irregular ragged edge, as shown by Hartlaub. 2. Great Australian Bight, 1911.—The habit is similar to the last, but the hydrothece are:a fraction larger (41 by °22), with the free part very slightly conical; they are more frequently in a single plane, but many are distinctly directed forward. Some of the single internodes reached about ‘90; the distal ones are of the same length as those of No. 1. The gonangia are wanting. 3. Var. dubia, Bale, Bondi Bay.—The ramification is pinnate, but irregularities are frequent. The internodes are short, the distal ones only about ‘30 and the proximal °38. The hydrothece average ‘37 by “18, and may be in one plane or somewhat directed forward. ‘The gonangia measure about 1°18 by °67, and differ considerably from all the other varieties, being of greater diameter from back to front and having the top sloping very much downward, so that the summit rises at the back well above the level of the aperture, which is far forward, The annulations number eleven or even twelve, and are more regular and closer than in the other varieties. The aperture is very wide, about *18 to °19, and the basin-shaped lip has a diameter of about po. 4, Port Phillip, 1890.—The ramification is fairly regular, the internodes strongly marked and somewhat longer than those of var. dubia, the hydrothece the smallest of any of the varieties (*31 by °15), and in their more conical form as well as their size they come nearest to S. johnstoni. The gonangia, however, are not at all like those of that species. They are about 1:33 by ‘74, with eight or nine strong annulations ;_ the aperture is about *13 to “15, and the basin-shaped lip reaches “24 to °30. 24, “* BNDEAVOUR ”’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. 5, Hunter Group.—Similar in habit to Nos. 1 and 2, but rather more slender and with smaller hydrothece, which are adnate for a greater part of their length and are mostly in the same plane, Proximal internodes about ‘80, distal “34, hydrothece °37 by ‘18, gonangia 1°48 by “84, with the aperture ‘15 or ‘16 and the very large and high basin-shaped lip from °30 to °37. Annulations about ten. 6. Var. subdichotoma, Bale, = S. subdichotoma, K., Port Jackson.—Ramification irregular, internodes very long in the proximal portions, distal ones about *41, Even on the pinne many of the nodes are indistinguishable, so that an internode bears several hydrothece. Asa rule the hydrothece are in the same plane, yet on the same shoot some of the branches may have them distinctly directed forward, They are adnate most of their length, with the free part contracted and sub-conical, In some cases the distal extremities were carried out horizontally owing to successive renewals. The gonangia differ little from those of the type except in the distinctive narrcw aperture, which measures only about °059, while the funnel-shaped lip is about *10 to "15 across. They measure 1°53 to 1°48 in length, with a diameter of ‘67, and have nine or ten annulations, 7. Port Phillip, 1881 (S. johunstoni, Bass Strait var., Bale). This form is of compact bushy habit, distinctly pinnate. The internodes are short, about *40 on the proximal portions, and °33 on the distal, andeven on the stem they usually bear only one hydrotheca, The hydrothece are about °33 by °19, free for nearly half their length, with the free part very slightly sub- conical. They are commonly in two planes about 90° apart, only here and there is a branch on which their forward direction is but slight. They are widely divergeut laterally. The gonangia are similar to those of var. subdichotoma, measuring 1:18 by ‘67, with about nive annulations; an aperture of ‘044 to ‘059, and the Jip °10 to *15. 8. Port Phillip, 1889.—Nearly like the last. Proximal internodes ‘59, distal °37 ; hydrothece °38 by ‘21; gonangia 1°33 by °64, with about nine annulations ; aperture *074 to °089, lip *13 to ‘16. 9. Great Australian Bight, 1911.—Internodes short, 44 to 30; hydrothece *33 by ‘18; gonangia 1°26 by *81; aperture ‘044 to ‘059, lip ‘089 to 15. This form is principally distinguished by the gonangia, which are more top-shaped than the others, and have the annulations, which number about nine, much less prominent, especially the upper ones. The narrow funnel- HY DROIDA.—BALE. 25 shaped lip, which in the other forms rises out of a basin-like concavity formed by the topmost annulation, is here prominently borne on the convex summit of the gonangium, which rises clear above the annulation. For comparison with the foregoing I add descriptions of the other two closely allied species which I possess, 9. johnstoni and S. pygmea. S. johnstont, New Zealand (Pl, IL., fig 10).—This specimen is pinnate, similar in habit to the smaller varieties of S. divaricata, and with the internodes, at least on the pinne, bearing single hydrothece. The latter are sub-conical, adnate a Jittle more than half their height, and directed a little towards the front. They are smaller than those of any of the varieties of S. divaricata, being about *27 mm, in length by °16 in diameter. In the other characters of the trophosome I find nothing to distinguish the species from 8. divaricata. The gonangia, however, differ from those of that species in being smaller and of narrower proportions, and in having the annular ridges closer, more numerous, and less prominent. Their length is from about 1:04 to 1:11 mm., their diameter from ‘47 to 52, and the anunulations number twelve or thirteen. The aperture is about ‘089 in width, and the neck is tubular and rather thick, and in its position distinctly eccentric. S. pygmea (Pl. IL, fig. 11).—This is distinguished from S. johnstont primarily by the simple habit. The length of the internodes is slightly less,—about ‘27 as against *31,—but their angular form and the narrow, very oblique, and strongly twisted joints are more distinctive, The hydrothecw average about °27 by 16 mm., are less conical than those of S. johnstoni, and are mostly in the same plane. The gonangia are about as wide as those of S. johnstoni, but considerably shorter, their length being from about °74 to ‘81 mm., and their annulations number about eleven, In their general appearance they resemble those of S. divaricata more than those of §. johnstoni, owing to the form and prominence of the annulations, which are especially prominent towards the summit. The top one has the perisare much thickened, forming a deep cylindrical basin, from the bottom of which rises the tubular neck, nearly filling itup. The neck is similar to that of S. johnstoni, but owing to the depth of the concavity in which it is situated it rises above the annulation only slightly, or not at all, The gonangia are not closely appressed to the hydrocaulus, as in the allied species, consequently instead of most of the adcauline side being smooth, the annu- lations completely surround the gonangium, except for a short distance above the base. The aperture is central. b 26 ““ ENDEAVOUR’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. Hartlaub says in his key to the species that S, divaricata has gonangia like those of S, swbdichotoma but with shorter tube. The shortness is apparently proportionate rather than absolute, for according to the figures the greater width in S. divaricata is the most conspicuous difference. The wide bowl-shaped mouth of No, 5 in the foregoing list is in fact higher than any of the narrow funnel-shaped forms. My identification of the var. subdichotoma with S. subdichotoma, K., is verified by Hartlaub, Comparison of the nine forms which I have described convinces me that they must all be referred to S. divaricata, unless we take such a restricted view of the species as would result in other forms, as well as var, subdichotoma, being accorded specific rank. Var. dubia, owing to the difference in the gonangia, seems to me to be at least as distinct as var, subdichotoma, and in some measure to make an approach to S. johnstont. No. 7, which is practically identical with var. suwbdichotomu so far as the gonangium is concerned, resembles it perhaps least of all the varieties in the trophosome. Some of the forms which have been referred to S. subdichotomu should probably be ranked under the typical S. divaricata, e.g. the form mentioned by Jaderholm in his report on the Swedish South Polar Expedition, which he says has a wide aperture, a characteristic of the type, not of var. subdichotona. Several other species have been founded on distinctions which seem scarcely sufficient to take them out of range of 8. divaricatu, as here defined. S. magellanica, M.—T. is considered by Hartlaub to be synonymous with 8. swhdichotoma, and S. cumberlandica, Jiderholm, is referred by Vanhoffen to the same form. These, and a number of others closely related, are not included among the synonyms, as I have had no opportunity of examining them, eur I formerly suggested that it might be found necessary to unite 8. divaricata to S. johustoni, For the present I regard them as different species, rather on Hartlaub’s authority than from my own observations, as I have seen no specimens of S. johnston? other than that described above, which appears to me sufficiently distinct, But according to New Zealand observers S. johnstoni seems to vary considerably. Hilgendorf’s account is rather contradictory. He describes the gonangia as large, with from six to ten ridges, but he also states that the gonangia of Thuiaria subarticulata have six to eight ribs “exactly as in S. johnstoni though here the ribs are much fewer.” HY DROIDA.—BALE. 27 Billard ranks 8. divaricata as a synonym of S. johnstoni, but as he does not include 8. swbdichotoma also among the synonyms, he evidently considers it a distinct species. Assuming such to be the case, the inclusion of S. divaricata would be untenable, since the most intimate relationship of S. divaricata is with §. swbdichotoma, not with S. johustoni. The accurate and detailed description by Hartlaub leaves little room for further remarks on the structure of the species. The principal point on which my observations do not agree precisely with those of Hartlaub is in regard to the jointing of the hydrocaulus, I have not found, either in S. divaricata or S. johnstont that the normal condition is for the internodes to support several hydrothece. Setting aside the question as to the original condition of the internodes—to which I have referred on a former page—I have found in the polypidoms of S. johnstoni and of most of the varieties here ranked under S. divaricata ‘that the typical condition of the genus—one hydrotheca to each internode —is the rule, and the opposite condition quite exceptional, In 8. divaricata, type, longer internodes are more frequent, and in var, swbdichotoma they preponderate, so that often the only parts where single-celled internodes are to be found are the latest-formed distal portions, Here the perisare is extremely thin and delicate, contrasting strongly with the much thicker portions which are but little older, and it can easily be understood how readily the faintly-marked nodes may disappear in the process of growth. There are no internal teeth in the hydrotheca, but the apocauline wall is often thickened at the margin between the lateral teeth, which gives it when seen in side view almost the aspect of an internal marginal tooth. The oblique internal septum is not comparable to the permanent intrathecal ridge of S. crenata or the Plumularians, but seems to be an almost membranous film of extreme delicacy, easily detached, aud leaving a slight mark on the hydrotheca wall after its disappearance, The gonangia are more complicated structures than those of the rugosa-group, where the annular ridges are simple undulations of the gonangium-wall, Here they are more or less thickened, forming a ring of a cup-like form, from within the margin of which rises the next undulation, while the ring is extended in the form of a narrow flounce-like film, projecting upward. Just below this the perisarc is generally marked with delicate wavy strie, or sometimes faint reticulations. At the summit of the gonangium, which leans forward away from the hydrocaulus the ridges are completely annular, but on the lower part they are wanting at the back. After passing round the sides of the gonangium they generally take an upward course and gradually 28 ‘* PNDEAVOUR ”’ SCIENTIFIC RESUL''S. thin out and disappear. The back is smooth or with a few irregular lines, or sometimes so closely fitted against the branch above it that the perisare takes the exact print of the hydrotheca at the back. Loc.—Hunter group, 15 fathoms; Great Australian Bight, 40 to 100 fathoms. Famity PLUMULARIID A. Genus Piumunania, Lamarck (in part). PLUMULARIA BUSsKIT, Bale. Plumularia Buskii, Bale, Cat. Austr. Hyd. Zooph,, 1884, p. 125, pl. x., fig. 3, pl. xix., figs. 84—35; Trans, and Brot Roy. Soe: | Vaets, -xexiii:) 1887, pp. 94, 108. Hartlaub, Zool. Jahrb., xiv., 1901, p. 374, pl. xxii., figs, 22, 32, 36. Ritchie, Proc, Zool. Soc., 1910, p. 832. Thornely, Rept. to the Govt. of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar, Suppl. Rept, vin., 1904, p. 120, Several specimens of this species were obtained, which do not differ in any important particular from those already described, and on some of them the characteristic female gonangia were present. I have formeriy described these as three-sided, with one wide and two narrow sides, the edges being rounded, bat it would perhaps be more correct to describe them as having a turgid dorsum and a more flattened ventral surface. The longitudinal ridge of the dorsum often rises higher at the summit of the gonangium than does the opposite side. The two series of large moveable sarcothecee which run up the dorsal surface are somewhat irregularly arranged; they generally number five or six in each series, with a single one near the top and in the central line. The similarity of the gonangia to those of P. obconica, Kirchenpauer (in which however there are said to be at most about half as many sarcothece), led me to ask Dr. Hartlaub to compare a specimen with Kirchenpauer’s types, which he has very kindly done. He found the types insufficiently preserved to admit of certain identification, but he was able to satisfy himself that if not actually identical with P. buskii they bore an exceedingly close resemblance to it, notwithstanding the difference of Kirchenpauer’s figures, The plicate condition of the hydrothece noted by that observer is almost certainly the mere effect of drying, and the sarcothecx agree with those of P. bushi, and not with Kirchenpauer’s figures. The small sarcotheca behind the hydrotheca was not distinguishable, but this may have been due to the bad state of the specimens. HYDROIDA —BALE, 29 P. armata, Allman, is an allied species, Allman’s figures, which represent the anterior sarcothecee as extremely slender bodies being, according to Billard, unlike the actual structure, which resembles that of P. campanula. The gonothece are remarkably like those figured by Kirchenpauer, having only four to six sarcothece disposed in a sinuous line down the dorsum. Dr. Hartlaub does not mention the gonothece of P. obconica, so it is probable that he did not observe them. If P. obconica is the same as ?, buskii, Kirchenpauer’s figures of the gonotheca must be as incorrect as those of the trophosome, or else it must vary remarkably. Both Kirchenpauer and Allman expressly state that the male gonothecee are without nematophores; those of P. buskii have two near the base. Loc.—Great Australian Bight, 40 to 100 fathoms, PLUMULARIA PROCUMBENS, Spencer, Plumularia procumbens, Spencer, Trans. Roy. Soc. Vict., ii 1891, p. 130, pls. xxi—xxiii, Bale, Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict., vi, (4.8.), 1898, p. 115, pl. v., figs 11-12. The material included a single specimen of P. procumbens a species which is quite different in habit from any other of the Australian Plumulariz. When in fluid or balsam the hydrocladia are scarcely visible to the naked eye, so delicate and minute are they, but the multitude of small branchlets, springing from all sides of the larger branches, give the zoophyte a peculiar bushy or bristly aspect that is very characteristic, As in most other species the short intermediate internodes of the hydrocladia bear each a nematophore, therein differing from the original specimens, collected in Port Phillip by the late Mr, J. B. Wilson, in which, with rare exceptions, these short internodes were unarmed. The pitcher-shaped hydrothece are quite minute, and the supracalycine sarcothecee are in proportion very large, their length being about the same as that of the hydrothece. ralian Bight, 40 to 100 fathoms. PLUMULARIA ASYMMETRICA, sp. nov. (Plate iv., figs 2-3). Hydrophyton about two feet in height, polysiphonic, with numerous ascending branches facing in the same direction, each springing from an internode of the primary jointed stem b] 30 ‘“ PNDEAVOUR’’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. immediately above a hydrocladinm; ultimate branches pinnately arranged, divided into internodes of very varying lengths, each bearing from one to many alternate short hydrocladia, which are supported on short processes of the branch making with it an angle of about 359-409, and which are divided by slightly oblique joints into internodes, each of which bears a hydrotheca and has about five strong internal annular ridges, Hydrothece lying along the internode, sub-tubular, curving slightly upward and in the distal part recurved towards the internode ; a strong intrathecal ridge springing from the front of the hydrotheca a little below the middle, and directed somewhat forward; distal part of the hydrotheca (about one-third of its length) free, but with the whole of the lower side sinuated down to the hydrocladium, the two sides of the free part asymmetrical, one being rounded off, the other produced forward into a large angular lobe. Sarcothec bithalamic, canaliculate, moveable, the terminal cups narrow ; One, onan angular prominence of the hydrocladium, below each hydrotheca, one at each side above (under the free part of the hydrotheca), two abreast on each of the processes supporting the hydrocladia, one behind and one in front of the rachis just below each axil, and others at irregular intervals along the rachis. A crateriform prominence on each hydrocladium- process. Gonosome.—Gonothece on the apophyses of the hydrocladia, small (about twice the length of the hydrothece), regularly pear-shaped, tapering gradually to the base and slightly flattened at the top, delicate and colourless, almost membranous. A cluster of rounded highly refractive granules near the aperture. Colour.—Light fawn. I received two specimens of this remarkable species (perhaps the largest of the genus), both nearly two feet in height. One comprised a main stem and comparatively few branches, all on the upper half, while the other was branched profusely for about the upper three-fourths of its height, having a lateral spread of over a foot near the summit. ‘The base of this specimen is a dense spongy fibrous mass of conical form, between two and three inches in diameter at the area of attachment, and of about the same height. From the apex of this rise two stems, each about one-fifth of an inch in diameter, one however is broken off short, the other bearing the polypidom described above, which, as the branches tend to spread laterally, assumes a flabellate form. The hydrothece differ from those of all other species known to HYDROIDA,—RBALE. 31 me in the singular irregularity of the lateral lobes, which is very pronounced in most of them, The sarcothece are exceedingly thin and transparent, yet endure treatment with boiling liquor potassee without injury. Their greatest diameter is about the middle rather than at the extremity. Those which are most often wanting are the pair below the axils, each of which springs from a rounded thin area, which, in the newer parts of the branches, looks like a perforation. The two sets of hydrocladia are in the same plane, and the first of the supplementary tubes which form the polysiphonic stem commonly runs up the front of the primary tube. The ramification, as displayed in the small pinnately-arranged branchlets, is very singular, Each one is supported by the primary tube immediately above a hydrocladium. — Its cavity however is not directly continuous with that of the parent branch, with which it communicates only indirectly, by a narrow passage leading into the apophysis of the hydrocladium immediatel y below it. On its distal side the base of the new branch gives origin to a supplementary tube running up the parent branch, and between this tube and the cavity of the new branch the communication is uninterrupted, The only closely related form which I know of is P. hertwigi, Stechow, from Japan. In that species the hydrothece have nearly the same general form as those of P. asymmeetrica, but the lateral lobes are equal, while there is no intrathecal ridge. A more remote affinity exists between P. asymmetrica and P. alata, Bale, which two species however exhibit the two extremes of size among the Plumularie. Loc.—Great Australian Bight, 40 to 100 fathoms. Genus AGLAOPHENTA, Lamouroue, AGLAOPHENIA CRUCIALIS, Lamouroue. Aglaophenia crucialis, Lamouroux, Hist. Polyp. Coral. Flex., POLO. 169, Plumularia erucialis, Blainville, Man. d’Act., 1834, p. 478. Anisocalyx crucialis, Costa, Fauna del regno di Napoli, Zoofiti Napoli, 1838, p. 19. Aglaophenia crucialis, Billard, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci., exlviii., 1909, p..1063; An. Sci. Nat., Zool. Capris 1009. p. SST. _ Ritchie, Mem. Austr. Mus, iv., 16, 1911, p. 864, pl. Ixxxvi., fig 1. 32 “ENDEAVOUR” SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. (Not Aglaophenia crucialis, Kirchenpauer, Abh. Nat. Ver. Hamb., v., 1872, pl. i. fig 8. Bale, Cat. Austr. Hyd. Zooph., 1884, pl xvinl, ag 8) * (Not Thecocarpus crucialis, A. Billard, Ann. Sci, Nat., Zool. (9); v., 1907, p, 328, figs. 3, 4.) The Aglaophenia crucialis of Lamouroux, an inadequately described species, was supposed by earlier writers (not however by De Blainville) to be identical with the Plumularia brachiata of Lamarck, and the synonymy was generally accepted until Dr. Billard ascertained by examining the original types that they were distinct species. As two or three Hydroids described in the present paper, as well as A. macrocarpa, previously described by me, are very closely allied to A. crucialis, some reference to that species may be of interest as a preliminary to treating of the forms before us. I am not aware that any full description of the typical A, crucialis, or any figure of the structure, has been published. Billard, concluding from the figures and description of A. macrocarpa that it was identical with : - irc GLa IEY BARTS: PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF THE _ HONOURABLE LITTLETON Ee GROOM, on . MINISTER: FOR TRADE AND CUSTOMS. - hen) es N a III. Report on some Fishes obtained by the F.I.S. “‘ Endeavour ” on the Coasts of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South and South-Western Australia. PART II. BY ALLAN R. McCULLOCH, Zoologist, Australian Museum, Sydney. Plates xiii.-xxxiv.; Text figs 1-15. FISHES.—MCCcULLOCH. Ch REPORT ON THE FISHES. Part 2. I.—Inrropuctron. Inelusive of both the marine and fresh-water forms, there are about one thousand eight hundred and forty species of fishes at present known from Australia. Though this number includes many which will ultimately prove to be mere synonyms of the others, yet it is almost certain that a complete list of the fishes occurring in our waters will exceed two thousand. In their excellent check-list of the fishes of Oceania!, Jordan and Seale list one thousand seven hundred and four species, of which four hundred and forty seven are Hawaiian 2, and about four hundred and eighty occur at Samoal. The relatively small islands of Japan provide one thousand two hundred and thirty species, while the fishes of North and Middle America, which are much better known, number three thousand two hundred and sixty three *. Taking into consideration the length of the Australian coast- line, and its extent from far into the tropics to the cooler temperate regions, we may expect to find a richness of marine fauna equal to that of any other part of the world of similar size. By far the greater proportion of those already recorded are known from the eastern and south-eastern parts of the continent, no collecting having been systematically carried out on the northern and western coasts. ‘The present number one thousand eight hundred and forty, therefore, can only be accepted, as indicative of an extraordinary variety of fish-life occurring on our coasts, much of which remains to be discovered. Further, our knowledge of the deep-sea fishes is particularly meagre, being based on a few scattered hauls made by the ‘Challenger Expedition” *, and more recently by the “Woy Woy” ®. ‘The ‘“ Endeavour,’ however, has lowered a 2 Jordan & Evermann—Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm., xxiil., pt. i., 1905. 3 Jordan, Tanaka & Snyder—Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, xxxiii., Art. 1, 1913. 4 Jordan & Evermann—Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 47, pt. iv., 1900. 5 Giinther—“ Challenger” Rept., Zool., i., 880, and xxii., 1887. 6 McCulloch—Rec. Austr. Mus., vi., 1907, p. 346. 78 ‘“PNDEAVOUR’? SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. large commercial trawl into 450 fathoms and several lesser depths in the Great Australian Bight, and, as might be expected, has captured a wonderfully rich collection of new or little known fishes. Many of these are generically and even specifically identical with the species known from similar depths in other parts of the world, though they have not been previously recognised from Australian waters, and they give some idea of the large number of species which will have to be added to the Australian list when this section of our fauna is better known. It may be mentioned here that such of these deep-sea fishes as have been examined bear a marked resemblance to those described from Japan, Hawaii, and the Indian Ocean, while a few are apparently identical with species occurring in the Mediterranean and the neighbouring Atlantic Ocean. Some of them are also known to oceur in shallow water in New Zealand where so many deep sea types are occasionally cast up on the beaches. The following are dealt with in this Report :— Oxvynotus bruniensis, Ogilby; Southern Australia. | Near QO. centrina, Linneeus ; Mediterranean and neighbouring Atlantic. Scymnorhinus licha, Bonnaterre; Mediterranean and neigh- bouring Atlantic, Japan, New Zealand and Southern Australia. Squatina tergocellata, sp. nov.; Southern Australia, Near S. africana, Regan; Natal. Polyipnus tridentifer, sp. noy.; Southern Australia. Near P. spinosus, Giinther; Indian and Western Pacific Oceans. Neoscopelus macrolepidotus, Johnson; Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, New Zealand and Southern Australia. Centriscops humerosus, Richardson; Southern Australia and New Zealand. Notopogon lilliei, Regan; Southern Australia and New Zealand. Hyperoglyphe johnstonii, Morton; Southern Australia and New Zealand. Beryx decadactylus, Cuvier & Valenciennes; Madeira, Japan, and Southern Australia, Hoplostethus intermedius, Giiuther; Southern Pacifie and Southern Australia. FISHES.—MCCULLOCH. 79 Hoplostethus mediterraneus, Cuvier & Valenciennes; Mediter- ranean and Madeira, Japan and Southern Australia. Hoplostethus gigas, sp. nov.; Southern Australia. Plagiogeneion macrolepis, sp. nov.; Southern Australia. Near P. rubiginosus, Hutton ; New Zealand. Cyttosoma boops, Gilchrist; South Africa and Southern Aus- tralia. Allocyttus verrucosus, Gilchrist; South Africa and Southern Australia. Neocyttus rhomboidalis, Gilchrist; South Africa and Southern Australia. Hoplichthys haswelli, McCulloch ; Southern and South-eastern Australia. Hoplichthys ogilbyi, sp. nov.; Southern Queensland. Near several Indian and Pacific Ocean species. Chirolophius laticeps, Ogilby ; Southern Queensland. Halieutea brevicauda, Ogilby; Southern Queensland. Near H. fuimosa, Alcock; Indian seas. Of the other species referred to in this Report, little need be said here, Their representation in the “‘ Endeavour” collections has enabled me to extend their known distribution in some cases, and to prepare complete descriptions and figures in others. In all, fourteen species are described as new, and two genera are proposed for known species. Variations of others are also noted and figured. An item requiring special reference here is the status of a paper by Mr. J. Douglas Ogilby, entitled “ Endeavour Series, o. 1—On some New Fishes from the Queensland Coast.” This was read before the Royal Society of Queensland in November 1910, and was to have been published in Vol. XXIII. of the “ Proceedings” of that Society. It was set up in type, and author’s reprints were issued and distributed before it was withdrawn from publication for reasons stated on page 85 of the same volume, It is fully quoted in the ‘“‘ Zoological Record” for 1911 as though it had appeared in the “ Proceedings,” but, of course all the references there given are unfortunately incorrect. The only copies of the paper extant therefore are a few of the author’s reprints which were distributed by him before its with- drawal, so it becomes a matter of opinion as to whether the paper has been published or not. 80 ‘“* ENDEAVOUR’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. I have accordingly treated it from both points of view, quoting it and using the new names as though they had appeared accord- ing to the rules of nomenclature, while redescribing and figuring the actual specimens, so far as is possible, on which the names are based, Mr. Ogilby was on board the “ Endeavour” during the greater part of the time she was in Queensland waters, and his paper deals with some of the more striking fishes which attracted his attention. Some of his descriptions were prepared on board the ship, and the type specimens were forwarded to Sydney without labels or other identification marks, and without being again examined by him, The preparation of a second description of such specimens as can be identified as his types has enabled me to rectify errors in the original diagnoses which were doubtless the result of their hurried preparation. The following species were described as new—Raja polyonmata, Saurida filumentosa, Macrorhamphosus lancifer, Dentex spariformis, Pentapus aurifilum, Upeneoides filifer, Sillago auriconis, Cherodon frenatus, Cherodon anebiguus, Cherodon monostigia, Antigonia rubicunda, Neosebustes incisipinnis, Scorpena grandisquamis, Apistus iacrolepidotus, Minous versicolor, Erosa tridea, Paracentropogon scorpio, Para- centropogon vespa, Hyalorhyuchus pellucidus, Lepidotrigla uncbrosa, Lepidotriglha grandis, Lepidotrigla argus, Lepidotrigla calodactyla, Dactyloptenapapilio, Arnoglossus cucatuce, Uranoscopus terreregine, Cullionymus affinis, Chirolophius luticeps and Hualieuteu brevi- caudu. The last two are redescribed and figured here, and Hyalorhynchus pellucidus is shown to be synonymous with Elates thompsoni, Jordan and Seale. Figures of others have been prepared, and will be published later. In conclusion, I have to thank Mr. H. C, Dannevig, Common- wealth Director of Fisheries, for valuable information on the occurrence of the specimens forwarded for examination. Famiry SQUALID. Genus Oxynotus, Rufinesyue. OXYNOTUS BRUNIUNSIS, Ogilby. (Plate xiii.) Centrina bruniensis, Ogilby, Rec, Austr. Mus., ii., 1893, p. 62. Id., Regan, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), 11., 1908, p. 42, Centrina sulviani, Hutton, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., xxii., 1890, p. 276. FISHES,—MCCULLOCH. 81 Six examples, 585-600 mm. long, exhibit some variation in the form and size of the fins. The spines of both dorsals differ in length in each specimen, and the extreme height of the first dorsal is equal to the distance from the tip of the snout to either the first or the last gill-opening ; the hinder margin may be con- cave, or straighter as in the specimen figured. The membrane of the tail is damaged in two of the specimens, and consequeutly that fin appears to be a little smaller than in the more perfect one which is figured. Regan has suggested the identity of O. brunieusis and O. centrina, but a comparison of the Australian specimens with a. Mediterranean example of the latter species, shows the two to be quite distinct. In 0, bruniensis, the body is very much deeper, and the interspace between the two dorsal fins is narrower than in O. centrina. The scales of the Mediterranean species are smaller, of uneven size, and densely crowded, whereas they are larger and more uniform in size in O. bruniensis, and separated from one another so that the bare skin is visible between them. Finally the spiracle is quite different in the two species, being smaller and round, and less than half as wide as the eye in O. bruniensis, while it is larger, oval, and more than half as wide as the eye in O. centrina. For the opportunity of comparing the Australian specimens with a European one, I have to thank M. Jules Richard, Director of the Musée Océanographique, who forwarded specimens of this and other fishes to the Australian Museum. Locs.—Wastern edge of Bass Strait, 100-220 fathoms; December, 1912. Great Australian Bight, 80-120 fathoms; April, 1913. Great Australian Bight, Long. 127-128° K., 160-200 fathoms ; June, 1913, Famity SCYMNORHINID AG. Genus Scymyorutus, Bonuparte. } ScYMNORHINUS LICHA, Bonnuterre. (Plate xiv, fe, 1s Fig. 1.) . Squalus licha, Bounaterre, Eucycl, Meth., Ichth., 1788, p. 12. Scymnus lichia, Parker, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., xv., 1883, p. 228, pls. xxx1-xxxii. Dualutias licha, Jordan & Fowler, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus,, xxvi., 1903, p. 637 (synonymy). Seymnorhinus lichia, Regan, Aun, Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), ii., 1908, p. 54. 1 For notes on the use of Scymunorhinus rather than Dalatius, Rafines- que, see Garman—Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., xxiv., 1899, p. 31. ’ 82 *“ ENDEAVOUR” SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. Head, from end of snout to first gill-opening, 6.47 in the total length; its breadth behind the spiracles 1.6 in its length. Depth of body at origin of first dorsal, 1.34 in the head, Snout almost equal to the eye in length, a little less than half the interocular width, and 5.67 in the head. Preoral portion of head 3.14, aperture of mouth 2.79, interocular space 2.66, and least depth of the caudal peduncle 5 in the head. Width of spiracle two- thirds the diameter of the eye, Body elongate, rather robust. Head short and broad, flat above, the lower profile forming a deep curve from the snout to the mouth. Snout obtusely pointed anteriorly but widening rapidly to the nostrils which form an angle on each side of it about the middle of its length. Eyes large, a little nearer the spiracle than the tip of the snout, and placed in the upper half of the head. Mouth very slightly curved, the centre of the upper lip below, or a little behind the middle of the eye; upper lid continued backward in a broad curve on either side to below the spiracle, forming an oblique groove behind each angle of the mouth. Nostrils wide, opening anteriorly on the sides of the snout with large circular apertures, their lower halves each with a broad, free, skinny lobe in front. Spiracle very broad, 2}-2$ in the interval separating them. First to fourth gill-slits sub- equal in width; about as wide as the spiracle; the fifth is a little wider than the others and extends a little round the anterior base of the pectoral. ' A Fig. 1—Under side of head, teeth, and scales of Scymnorhinus licha, Teeth of the lower jaw divided into two portions, the upper one triangular and minutely serrated; lower portion quadrate, the outer surface with two tumid swellings at its upper angles, FISHES.— MGUULLOCH. 383 and three impressed grooves, the median of which is the deepest. The lateral teeth are very slightly oblique, Hither one or two rows may be functional, and about five more are reversed inside the mouth. The upper teeth are much smaller, narrow and pointed, and not serrated. They ave arranged in about seven oblique rows of which three are functional. Skin everywhere covered with small, rough scales which are diamond-shaped, the hinder half being larger than the anterior portion. The posterior angle is raised from the skin as a stout spine from which a median ridge extends to the front of the scale, and two lateral ones are parallel with its sides; the junctions of the ridges at the anterior and lateral angles of the scale are marked by small triangular areas. A lateral line can be traced from the inner angle of each spiracle along the upper half of the body to the middle of the caudal peduncle, whence it extends along the tail and descends to the lower side of the vertebral column near its tip. Profile of the back rising evenly from the snout to the first dorsal, which originates about midway between the tip of the snout and the posterior base of the second dorsal, or rather nearer the latter ; the distance separating the two fins equals about five times the length of the base of the first. The two dorsals are subequal in size or the second may be a trifle the larger. The tip of the first is rounded, and the posterior angle is either not produced or only slightly so; the second differs ouly in having the posterior angle more or less produced. Pectorals a_ little larger than the dorsals and their margins rounded without any angles; their tips do not reach backward to the origin of the first dorsal, the interval between the verticles of the two points being either a little greater or less than the length of the eye. Ventrals originating far in advance of the second dorsal, their posterior point of insertion below the anterior portion or the middle of that fin; their outer angles are rounded, and the posterior ones are slightly produced, though more so in the males than in the female specimens, Caudal fin large and broad, the inferior lobe not produced backward ; inferior margin oblique, forming a sharp angle at its junction with the posterior lobe. Colour.—Brown with a very few small blackish spots, which are round and irregularly scattered. Lips whitish in formalin, Described from a male example, 1140 mm. long. Eight others are preserved, 500-1390 mm. long, of which two are females and six are males. Beyond some slight variation in the relative sizes and positions of the fins, all are quite similar. The scales of the smaller specimens are less worn than those of the adults, and the posterior portion is consequently rather longer and more acute, 84 ‘ENDEAVOUR’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. Professor T. Jefferey Parker examined an example of Scymnorhinus from New Zealand waters in 1882 which he identified as S. licha. In using that name for the specimens described above, I do so only because the descriptions of the Mediterranean species are so incomplete, that, in the absence of typical specimens to compare with, it is impossible to determine whether they are specifically identical or distinct. The Aus- tralian Museum collection includes a skull of S. lichu from the Mediterranean, of which the teeth are similar to those of the Australian specimens. Though not particularly spiny, the scales of this shark are extremely rough to the touch, and ones skin becomes unpleasantly scraped when specimens are much handled. Locs.-—Great Australian Bight, Long. 127-128° K., 160-200 fathoms ; May & June, 1918. Great Australian Bight, Long. 128-1299 E., 200-300 fathoms. Faminry SQUATINIDA. Genus Squarina, Dumeril, SQUATINA TERGOCELLATA, sp. ov. (Plate xv.; Fig. 2.) Head, from snout to level of posterior angles of gill-openings, 4.32 in the total length to the middle of the caudal fin; its length is 1.12 in its width, which is 3.85 in the total, Kye 3 in the interocular space, which is 2.69 in the length of the head. Width of mouth, including the tips of the maxillaries 1.49, height of first dor sal 2.77 in the head, Length of pectoral from anterior to posterior angle 2.59, length of tail to middle of caudal fin 2.51 in the total length ; width ‘of tail at its base 3.63 in its length. The skinny fold ou each side of the ead. forms a very short, indistinct lobe anteriorly, whieh terminates in front of the angle of the mouth; remaining portion of nearly equal width through- out. Inner nasal lobes very large and divided into two portions ; hak pei Ta Fig. t = be 2—Front view of head of Squatina tergocellata. the innermost part forms a ramose flap on a short stalk, and the other portion is broader with a rvamose border. Outer nasal FISHES.—MCCULLOCH. 85 lobes hidden beneath the others, their margins fringed. Inter- ocular space concave, its width a little greater than that between the inner angles of the spiracles. Snout and supraorbital regions armed with stout, spiniform tubercles; a series of three runs from the snout to the antero-superior angle of the orbit, and one or two smaller ones are grouped around the base of the last; another one is in front of the eye, and three more are placed between the postero-superior margin of the orbit and the spiracle. ‘Teeth strong, in two rows anteriorly and in three on the sides of each jaw. Tongue triangular, pointed in front. Back covered with minute tricarinate denticles, of which the median ones are somewhat enlarged, and form a series which extends backward nearly to the first dorsal. They are present on the proximal portions of the pectorals and ventrals, but the remaining parts of the upper surface of these fins is naked ; their anterior edges are covered with microscopic, imbricate denticles which extend onto their lower surfaces, and form, on the pectoral, an inferior band which is about half as wide as the interocular space. Head granular above and in frout of the eyes, and on its sides. Tail uniformly covered with minute denticles above. Lower surface of head and body naked, that of the tail closely covered with imbricate denticles which do not extend forward to its base. Outer angle of pectoral much greater than a right angle, the posterior rounded; the distance between the anterior extremity and the posterior angle of the base is rather more than half the total length of the fin, Ventrals reaching a little beyond the origin of the first dorsal. Base of the first dorsal a little more than half its height, which is greater than the interspace between the two fins. Second dorsal a little lower than, but otherwise similar to the first. Posterior margin of the caudal deeply notched; the upper lobe is truncate behind, becoming oblique before its junction with the lower lobe, which is obliquely truncate. Colour.—lLight yellowish-brown, closely covered with small, round, blue spots. Upper surface with eight dark-edged, and dark-spotted ocelli, of which four are in a row across the back behind the head, the two outer ones being the larger and placed on the pectoral fins ; the four others are in a line with the front of the ventrals, the two inner ones the larger, and the others on the hinder portions of the pectoral and not so marked as the first. Several other paired brown rings are placed at intervals along the back. Described from a single female specimen, 420 mm. long from the snout to the middle of the caudal, ‘This species appears to be closely allied to 8. africuns, Regan!, but has much more complex nasal lobes, longer pectorals, and a different colour pattern. There is also a 1 Regan—Ann, Natal Govt. Mus., i., pt. 3, 1908, p. 248. 86 ‘ENDEAVOUR ”’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. slightly enlarged median series of dorsal tubercles, which, however, may be lost with age. It differs from the only species recorded from Australia, S. australis, Regan !, in having the dorsal denticles tricarinate, and the greater part of the pectorals and ventrals naked ; the tubercles on the snout are much larger and differently arranged, the interspace between the spiracles is less than the interocular width, and the colour marking is altogether different. Loc.—Great Australian Bight, Long. 127-128° E., 160-200 fathoms ; June, 1913. Famity AETOBATIDA. Genns Apronatus, Blainville. ALTOBATUS AUSTRALIS, Macleay. (Fig. 3.) Aetobutus australis (Macleay), McCulloch, Zool. Results “‘ Endeavour,” 1., pt. 1, 1911, p. 1o5—synonymy. Through the kindness of Mr. K, R. Waite, I have been able to compare a New Zealand example of Aetobatus tenuicaudatus, Hector”, with others of A. australis from New South Wales. In general form, colour markings, and all other external characters they are identical, but the teeth apparentiy afford Fig. 3—'leeth of Aetobatus tenuicaudatus (left) and A, australis (right.) specific characters, Those of the New Zealand species are narrower in a longitudinal direction, and more numerous than in A. australis ; the differences are illustrated in the accompanying figures, 1 Regan—Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xvili., 1906, p. 438. 2 Hector—Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., ix., 1877, p. 468, pl.x. Jd, Waite, Rec. Canth. Mus., i., pt. 2, 1909, p. 152, pl. xxiii. FISHES.—MCCULLOCH. 87 Famiry ARGENTINIDAL. Genus ARGENTINA, Linnceus. ARGENTINA ELONGATA, Hutton. Argentina elongata (Hutton), McCulloch, Zool. Results “Rndeavour, a:, pt. L., 1911, p18, A single specimen from eighty miles west of the meridian of Eucla, Southern Australia, is of interest as showing that this species occurs in Western Australian waters. It was trawled in 80-120 fathoms, Famiry STERNOPTYCHIDA. Genus Poryienus, Gunther POLYIPNUS TRIDENTIFER, sp. nov. (Plate xvi.; Fig. 4.) Dy tela AU V-lsee P33 V.07; ©..19.) Height, of body 1.60-1.67 in the length to the hypural; head, from tip of upper jaw to operculum, 3.2-3.26 in the same. Hye 5.52-5.88, pectoral fin 3.54-3.67, highest dorsal ray 3.54-3.67 and highest anal ray 4.92-5.25 in the length. Depth of caudal peduncle i.78-1.80, and longest gill-raker 1.78 in the eye. General form similar to that of P. nuttingi, Gilbert, though a little more elongate posteriorly, The crests defining the inter- orbital space are finely denticulated, and form, near their hinder ends, a more or less distinct process with spines pointing forwards and backwards. ‘The post-temporals end in three very large spines on each side, of which the upper is the longest, and the lower one is bent downwards ; the middle one is a little smaller than the others. The preopercular angle is armed with a strong spine, near which the margins of both limbs are a little serrated. Cleft of mouth vertical. Both the maxillary and mandible are very broad. ‘The inferior mandibular margin is a little serrated, and the lower angle is formed by a broad spine. Anterior margin of the maxillary sloping forward when the mouth is closed, and forming a sharp angle with the inferior one which may be a little hooked; inferior margin granular, A_ broad supplemental bone is present with a smaller scale-like lamella overlying its upper portion, Premaxillaries granular exteriorly, with a series of depressible teeth which are in two rows anteriorly. Mandibular teeth similar. Vomer with several irregular, longitudinal rows of small depressible teeth, and there may be one or two small ones on the anterior end of the pala- tines. 88 ‘“ ENDEAVOUR’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. Gill-membranes united, free from the isthmus, with nine branchiostegals, of which the anterior are very slender and the hinder ones broad, ‘lhe gill-rakers are slender, and there are about twelve on the lower limb of the first arch. Dorsal fin preceded by a rather large, raised bone, which forms several spines and keels; it is placed midway between the snout and the hypural or somewhat nearer the latter. The dorsal rays are bifurcate, and the fourth or fifth is the longest. Adipose dorsal of moderate size. The anal commences below or behind the middle of the dorsal; the fourth or fifth ray is the longest,and the following ones are bifurcate. Pectorals narrowand elongate, reaching nearly to the verticle of the base of the ventrals ; the third or fourth upper rays are the longest, and most of them are bifurcate. Ventrals inserted below the anterior dorsal rays; all its rays are divided, and the first is broader than the others, Caudal forked. Below and in front of the pectoral there is a large fan-like expansion of the coracoid bone, which is coarsely striated, the strize ending in small teeth on the margin, The clavicles form a small, double spine at their symphysis on the ventral edge. Very few scales are left upon the body, only a few of the stronger ones covering the photophores remaining. Those along the ventral edge bear some coarse strize, and their lower margins are denticulated, Those above the anal are smooth, but the four on the caudal peduncle are rough like the ventral ones. The arrangement of the photophores is as usual in the genus. By far the largest is the one occupying the greater portion of the cheek. There is a small one on the upper part of the operculum behind the eye. Six are in the gill-membrane on each side anteriorly, and one underneath the lower part of the operculum, There are six on the chest in front of the pectoral, and ten before the ventral, Five are on the side between the pectoral and the ventral, and two much higher up. Five in front of the anal, and fifteen to seventeen above it in an unbroken row; four more are separated from these by a short space on the caudal peduncle. Colour.—Back blackish brown, with minute darker specks ; a small triangular patch descends onto the sides anteriorly. ) Vale C399) ead 1.93-2.27 in the length fo the hypural; height, in front of the ventrals, 2.46-2,11 in the same. Lye 5.75-6.11 im the head, and 2.12-4 in the snout, which is 1.76-1.50 in the head. Second dorsal spine 1.42-3.58, caudal fin 2.72-2 88 in the head. Inter- orbital space 1.6-1.5 in the eye. All the exposed bones of the head are finely striated, and the skin is covered with extremely minute longitudinal scales. The snout is directed slightly upwards. A striated bony ridge passes along the snout to the upper orbital margin, where it spreads out into a fan-shaped bone; it is followed by a series of small, roughened bones, which extend over the upper border of the preoperculum, and which are broader and less distinct than in Centriscops humerosus. A second ridge passes below the nostrils to the front edge of the eye, and forms the lower orbital border. The nostrils are placed close together in a smooth area, a little in advance of the eye. The profile of the back arises in front of the eye, and ascends rapidly to a point above the operculum, where, in young specimens, it forms a slight angle, and then runs almost straight to the dorsal spine. In adults, this point is marked by a crest of stout bristles, behind which the profile rises still higher before turning towards the spine. 'The back is never greatly humped as in C. humerosus. The ventral profile forms a more or less even curve between the snout and the caudal peduncle. In front of the ventrals its edge is very sharp, and is formed of five bony scutes which are almost hidden in the skin in all but the smallest specimens; the posterior scute ends in a spine or several spinules. A ridge is present on either side of the median line, which extends backwards to the end of the ventral fin; its posterior scutes are armed with spines. Two or three more scutes are on the median line between the tips of the ventrals and the vent. The scales covering the body are exceedingly fine and velvety, though they are proportionately larger in the young than in the adults; they cannot be distinguished from one another as in CO. humerosus. There are two series of bony plates on the sides of the back above the pectoral fin, the upper consisting of four plates and the lower of three; these are smaller, and more oblique than in Richardsou’s species, and there is no sign of any smaller ones on either side of the profile of the back, FISHES. —MCCULLOCH, 93 First dorsal spine minute. The second is very long in the young, and short and stout in adults ; it is coarsely striated, and is armed with more or less numerous spines on its hinder edges, The following spines are largely hidden in the skin, only their tips projecting ; they are striated, and decrease in size backwards. Third or fourth dorsal rays longest, and either a little, or much longer than the base of the soft portion of the fin; all the rays are simple except the last which may be so deeply divided as to count as two. The base of the anal is longer than that of the dorsal, and it commences much, and terminates a little in advance of that fin. The third or fourth rays are the longest, and equal to one-half or three-quarters of the length of the base. Caudal rays simple, the upper ones often a little longer than the others. Pectoral rays simple, the third the longest; once and a half to more than twice as long as the eye, Ventrals small, one half to three-quarters as long as the eye; the spine is rather small, and the four rays are branched, Colowr.—Uniform sandy-yellow in formalin. Some notes on the colours of fresh specimens are given in my previous paper quoted above. Described from two specimens 70 and 270 mm, long. The young differ from the adults in having the body less elevated, and the snout shorter. The second dorsal spine is very much longer, the eye larger, and the crest of bristles on the back is not developed. Both forms are figured in my first “ Endeavour Report.” N. lilliet differs from ©. hwmerosus in lacking the pro- minent hump on the back, and in having a more slender snout, The scales are minute and velvety instead of larger and rough, and the enlarged scutes are not so numerous, less prominent, and differently arranged. C. humerosus also lacks the tuft of bristles on the back, and its colour. marking is quite different to this species. Mr. Waite has very kindly compared specimens of (. cristatus which I forwarded to him, with those he described as (. humerosus, and he informs me that they undoubtedly all belong to the same species, He has also enabled me to examine one of his “Nora Niven” examples which does not differ from those described above. Locs.—The largest of the specimens described was trawled sixty miles south of Cape Kverard, Victoria, in 60-70 fathoms. The other was obtained off Storm Bay, Tasmania. 94. ‘“ PNDEAVOUR”’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. Famiry SYNGNATHIDAL. Genus Hippocampus, Rafinesque. HIPPOCAMPUS ABDOMINALIS, Lesson. Hippocampus abdominalis (Lesson), McCulloch, Zool. Results “Endeavour,” 1., pt. 1., 1911, p. 29, pl. vi., fig. 1. Hippocampus graciliformis, McCulloch, Loe. cit., fig. 2. Two specimens, 110-120 mm. long, though more like H. abdominalis form than that of H. graciliformis, nevertheless leave no doubt that the latter is but the young of the former. The form of the coronet and cephalic spines is intermediate between the two as is the development of the tubercles, and to a lesser degree, the breadth of the abdomen. The length of the snout is different in both specimens. ‘hey are pure white in formalin with chocolate-brown spots and crossbars, which vary greatly in their arrangement; the dorsal fin has a rather broad dark edge. Loec.—Investigator Strait, South Australia, 12-20 fathoms ; February, 1912, Famiry STROMATEIDA. Genus HypeRoGLYPHE, Ginther. Hyperoglyphe, Giuther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish,, 1., 1859, p. 337 (Diagramma porosa, Richardson). Eurumetopos, Morton, Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1887 (1888), p.i7t.. Ld. Wate, Drang: IN. Zeal. Unst:;exkiy., eo 12: p- 202 (H. johnstonii, Morton). Regan! regarded Hyperoglyphe as a synonym of Leirus, Lowe, but it seems to be separable from that genus by the constant form of its first dorsal fin, of which the spines are very strong, and the median ones are higher than those following them. In his definition of Hyperoglyphe, Giinther has described the teeth as arranged in villiform bands on the jaws, but they really form single rows as noted by Richardson in the original descrip- tion of H. porosa. Eurumetopos, Morton, is evidently the adult form of Hyperoglyphe. 1 have compared my examples of LH. johnstonii with Richardson’s description and figure of H. porosa, and tind no important differences between them. Though all are of large 1 Regan—Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, (7), x., 1902, p. 195. FISHES.—MCCULLOCH. 95 size, 527-1072 mm, long, my specimens prove that the body becomes more elongate with age, the depth being 2.81-3.42 respectively in the length from the snout to the hypural, In the type of H. porosa, which is only 53 inches long, the depth is 24 in the same length. The latter also has the margins of the preorbital and several opercular bones serrated, while they are nearly smooth in Murwmetopos, though there are distinct indica- tions of serrations in the smallest of my specimens. As Eurumetopos, the genus has been defined by Waite (loc. cit.), to whom I am indebted for drawing my attention to its probable identity with Hyperoglyphe. HYPEROGLYPHE JOHNSTON, Morton. (Plate xviii.) Hurumetopos johnstonii, Morton, Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1887 (1888), p. 77, with plate. Id., Waite, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., xliv., 1912, p. 200, pl. xii. The type of this species was found on the beach at Bridge- water, Tasmania It was brought to Sydney by Mr. A. Morton, and while here, a photograph was taken of it which is the original of the very imperfect plate illustrating his paper. An excellent print of it, and a second stuffed specimen 635 mm. long, which was received from him is in the Australian Museum collection. Four specimens, 527-1072 mm, long, taken by the “‘ Endeavour ” agree perfectly with both the photograph and the skin, but show considerable variation in the depth of the body as noted above. The largest specimen has a rather more tumid snout than the others, and the pectoral fins may be either about three-fourths the length of the head or a little longer than it; the first anal spine is extremely small, and more or less hidden in the skin. Waite has recently described and figured a large example, 954 mm. long, from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. He also had another smaller one, 537 mm. long, from the market in Christchurch, of which a cast is in the Australian Museum. His figure agrees better with my smaller specimens than the larger ones, though in none of mine is the curve of the back so pro- nounced as he shows it. I therefore publish a photograph of a specimen in the flesh, 900 mm. in length. H, johnstonii is possibly the adult form of H., porosa, Richardson! which is known only from the type specimen, 53 inches long, and some very small ones 25-30 mm. long which 1 Richardson—Zool, ‘Erebus & Terror,” Fishes, 1845, p. 26, pl. xvi., fig, 5-6 96 ‘“ ENDEAVOUR ”’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. were obtained by the “Challenger” 1. The ‘“ Endeayour”’ specimens differ from Richardson’s description and figure chiefly in having the preorbital and various opercular bones almost eutire instead of serrated, the dorsal originating behind instead of above the base of the pectoral, and the pectoral much more elongate. ere taken in the trawl with several others of similar size in the Great Australian Bight, Lat. 33°'18'S, Long. 126°42'E,, in 1380-170 fathoms. Their eating quality proved very good, the flesh being white and flaky. They were forwarded to Sydney in ice, and the largest weighed 41 lbs. after being thawed ont. Famity BERYCID. Genus Brryx, Cuvier. BERYX DECADACTYLUS, Cuvier §° Valenciennes, Beryx decadactylus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., iii, 1829, p. 222. Id. Giinther, “Challenger” Rept., Zool., xxii., 1887, p. 33, pl. vi, (skeleton.) Beryx splendens, Lowe, Cambr, Phil. Trans., vi., 1839, pl. i11. (not description). Three large examples, 460-500 mm. long, agree with Lowe's excellent figure of this species, and with the , proportions and such external parts as are shown in Giinther’s plate. When first received in ice, the entire body and fins were of a uniform carmine pink, each scale and the opercular bones being shot with a beautiful silvery blue iridescence. Loc.—Kastern slope of Bass Strait, between Gabo and Flinders Island, outside the 100 fathom line. Famitry TRACHICHTHYID. Genus HopLosretHus, Cuvier § Valenciennes. Hoplostethus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv., 1829, p, 469 (H. mediterraneus, Cuv. & Val.) The identification of the several species of this genus offers many difficulties, partly owing to the fact that they have nearly all been described from young specimens, and again because their scanty representation in collections has prevented any systematic 1 Giinther—‘“ Challenger” Rept., Zool., xxxi., 1889, p. 11, pl. ii. fig. F (head). FISHES.—MCCULLOCH. 97 study of their variation. Some of the differences indicated in the following key may therefore prove to be invalid. a. Body elongate, height about 3 in length; 4 dorsal SROR Ser, coe. nce a ee een CLONgatus.”. aa. Body deeper, height 2-25 in length; 5-7 dorsal spines. B. 17 dorsal rays... 0.2... caseenecsedeee owe -on tee «ee QULQNLICUS. bb. 13-15 dorsal rays. c. Superficial bones of head delicate and narrow, d. 5 dorsal spines; 15-19 abdominal scutes.......... pacificus. dd, 6 dorsal spines; 9-13 abdominal scutes............ mediterraneus § intermedius. cc. Superficial bones of head coarse and broad... gigas. HopLosTETHUS MEDITERRANEUS, Owvier § Valenciennes, var, latus, var. nov. (Fig 5.) Hoplostethus mediterraneus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv., 1829, p. 469, pl. xevii, Id., Goode & Bean, Oceanic Ichthyol., 1895, p. 189, fig. 208. Id., Alcock, Cat. Indian Deep-sea Fish., 1899, p. 34, and Hlustr, Zool. Investig., Fishes, 1895, pl. xiv., fig, 5. D.vi./13 ; A.iii./9 ; V.i./6; P.12-14; C.v-vi/21/v-vi. L.Lat. ¢.28. Abdominal scutes 11-12. Height of body at origin of dorsal 1.90-2.05 in the length from the snout to the hypural. Length of head, to end of bony operculum, 2.65-2.85 in the same, Orbit 2.33-2.63-in the head, and wider than the interorbital space which is 2,85-3.05 in the same, Sixth dorsal spine 1.87-2.05, longest ray 1.45-1.61, and third anal spine 2.41-2.26 in the head. Base of anal fin 1.94-1.90 in that of the dorsal. The above are the proportions of three specimens, 100-126 mm. long, which are evidently very similar to H. mediterraneus, as originally described and figured by Cuvier and Valenciennes. They differ however in being deeper and rounder, and in haying only nine instead of ten analrays. According to Goode and Bean, the number of rays in the dorsal and anal fins is subject to con- siderable variation (D,12-15; A.8-9), but in forty-five specimens, representing three species, I find them to vary very little. In the 1 Trachichthys elongatus, Ginther (‘‘ Challenger” Rept., Zool., xxii., 1887, p. 22) agrees in all its important structural details with Hoplostethus. Ogilby has placed it in Paratrachichthys, Waite (Ogilby, Mem. Qld. Mus., i., 1912, p. 43) but it has no affinity with that genus. 98 ‘¢ PNDEAVOUR ”’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. Fig. 5. Hoplostethus mediterraneus var. latus, McCulloch. FISHES.—MCCULLOCH, Fig. 6. Hoplostethus intermedius, Hector. 99 100 “PNDEAVOUR’”’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. several figures of H. mediterraneus, also, the proportions of the body are shown to differ considerably, which suggests that more than one species is confused under that name. I have therefore figured a Southern Australian example, 129 mm, long, which may be regarded as a variety of the HKuropean form until repre- sentative specimens of the two can be compared. Locs.—Nine specimens are in the collection from the following localities. — Great Australian Bight, Long. 126°45'K., 190-320 fathoms; 4th April, 1913, Great Australian Bight, Long, 126-127°K., Lat. 33°920'S., 80-1L0 fathoms ; March, 1912, HopbosterHus INTERMEDIUS, Hector. (Fig. 6.) Trachichthys intermedius Hector, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., vit,, 1875, p. 245, pl. xi. Id., Giinther, “Challenger” Rept., Zool., xxii., 1887, p. 24, pl. v., fig. D. Id., McCulloch, Rec, Austr. Mus,, vi., 1907, p. 349, D.vi/l3 3 Aai/103. V.i./6; PB) 15-16; Civi,/2i/voy1. be luat 28-29. Abdominal scutes 9-13. Depth of body at origin of dorsal 2.11-2.27 in the length from the snout to the hypural ; head, to the opercular spine, 2.64-2.8 in the same. Hye 2.61-3.11, orbit 2.5-2.57 in the head. Interorbital space 1-1.31, snout 1.61-1.63 in the eye. Breadth of the maxillary 1.5-1.61, and longest gill-raker 1,38-1.75 in the eye. Sixth dorsal spine 2.5-2.66, longest ray 1.71-1.75, and third anal spine 3.11-3 5 in the head. Base of anal fin 1.67-1.77 in that of the dorsal. The foregoing are the proportions of six specimens, 102-173 mm. long from the snout to the end of the middle caudal rays. There are twenty two others in the collection, all taken together in the one haul, which do not exhibit any variation in their characters. They are easily distinguished by their more elongate form from the others which I have identified as a variety of H. mediterraneus ; they also have always ten instead of nine anal rays, counting the last double one as one in both cases, and the length of the base of the anal is more than half that of the dorsal. Mr. C. Tate Regan has very kindly compared one of the “Endeavour” specimens with the example in the British Museum which was described and figured by Giinther and he informs me they are referable to the same species. Giinther PFISHES.— MCCULLOCH. 101 counted forty scales along the lateral line, but this is obviously an error. As both the type and the ‘ Challenger” specimen are rather small, and the figures of them are wanting in detail, I have prepared a drawing of my largest specimen, which is repro- duced in fig. 6. Loc.—Great Australian Bight, Long. 129°28'H., 350-450 fathoms; 14th May, 1913. HOPLOSTETHUS GIGAS, sp. nov, (Plate xix.) Br, 8; WD. v-vi/13-14; A. 111,/9-10; V. i/6; P. 15: C. vi,/21/vi.; L. Lat. 28-30. Head 2.89-3.03, depth, 2.16-2.26 in the length to the hypural. Eye 3.43-3.88, bony orbit 3.12-3.58, interorbital space 2.94-3.23 and snout 3.88-3,97 in the head. Last dorsal spine 2.55-3.12, longest ray 2.09-2.37, and third anal spine 3.14-3.58 in the head. Snout 1-1.14, breadth of maxillary 1,2-1.31, longest gill-raker 1.53-1.55 in the eye, Body compressed, covered with moderately large scales, which are a little less than half as wide as the enlarged ones on the lateral line. They are very rough and have a broad striated border ; their margins are more or less distinctly ctenoid. The dorsal profile between the head and the first dorsal spine is raised into an obtuse keel formed of slightly enlarged, and very rough scutes. Hight to nine very large abdominal scutes, which are coarsely striated and end in large spines. Head rough, exposed surfaces of the bones finely granular; the spaces between them are covered with thin, transparent membrane. Operculum with coarsely granular radiating strie, and without distinct spines, Preoperculum with a double border, the angle with a spine in the smallest specimen, which is lacking in the others. Hye very large, in the upper half of the head. Interorbital space convex. Mouth oblique, maxillary reaching to a little behind the posterior margin of the eye; its upper half is formed of an oblong, roughened, supplemental bone. Nostrils directly before the upper part of the eye; the anterior is about half as large as the posterior. Lower jaw projecting, with two bony tubercles at the symphysis. Suprascapular exposed, its upper margin curved and denticulated, and there is a strong spine overhanging the origin of the lateral line ; below this there is a second more or less distinct spine. Teeth villiform, in bands along the whole length of the pre- maxillaries and mandible, A broad band, of moderate length, on each palatine; none on the vomer. At the junction of the basibranchial bones and each gill arch there is a large patch of b 102 ‘“ PNDEAVOUR” SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. strong villiform teeth, the patches increasing in size backwards ; the gill arches are also provided with teeth anteriorly. Large patches of similar teeth occur in the back of the throat. Gill- rakers long and flattened, denticulated along their inner edges ; there are thirteen along the lower limb of each arch. Gill- membranes free from the isthmus. Dorsal spines increasing regularly in length to the last, which is much shorter than the anterior rays; all are rough with coarse strie. The soft dorsal is more than twice as long as the spinous portion, and its rays decrease evenly backwards. ‘The anal is similar in form to the dorsal, but it is considerably shorter than the soft portion of that fin. Pectorals rather long and narrow, 13-15 in the length of the head, and not quite reaching the verticle of the vent; its margin is more or less rounded. The ventrals reach from half to two thirds of their distance from the vent; the spine is broad and striated. Caudal forked, with six striated spines on either side which are quite distinct from the rays. Colour.—Yellowish white in formalin ; when first received all the fins had traces of deep rose pink, Described from eleven specimens, 350-525 mm. long. They were trawled in the Great Australian Bight. They possibly represent the adult form of the smaller ones which I have identified as a variety of H. mediterraneus, but differ so greatly from them that, in the absence of intermediate examples, they are best regarded as distinct. Loc.—Great Australian Bight, Lat. 33°18/S,, Long. 126°42’E., in 1380-170 fathoms. Famiry SERRANID A. Genus DirLoprion, Cuvier §° Valenciennes. DIPLOPRION BIFASCIATUM, Owvier § Valenciennes. Diploprion bifasciatum (Kuhl & Van Hasselt), Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ii., 1828, p. 187, pl. xx1. Id., Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S. Wales, ii., 1878, p. 346. Id., Klunzinger, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Ixxx.1., 1879, p. 340. Id., Jordan & Richardson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxxvii., 1910, p. 427, fig. 2 (references). Two specimens, 200-215 mm. long, from Western Australia, between Cape Naturaliste and Geraldton, do not differ from others in the Australian Museum from Cape York, Queensland, and China. Macleay and Klunzinger have recorded the species from Port Darwin. FISHES.—MCCULLOCH, 103 Famity CHEILODIPTERIDA. Genus AmMIA, Gronow. AMIA CONSPERSA, Klwnzinger. Apogon conspersus, Klunzinger, Arch. Nat., xxxviiii,, 1872, p. 18, and Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, ]xxx.i., 1879, p. 344, pl. ui., fig. 2. Id., Steindachner, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss, Wien, Ixxxviili. 1883 (1884), p, 1066, pl. i. fig. 1, la. Id., Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, ix., 1884, poo Vincentia waterhousit, Castelnau, Proce. Zool. Soc. Vict., i., 1872, p. 245, and 11, 1873, p. 60. Id., Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soe. NS. Wales, v., 1881, p. 350. Though the seventeen specimens examined differ somewhat from Castelnau’s description of Vincentia waterhousii, I think it probable that that species is identical with A. conspersa as stated by Steindachner. Steindachner also regarded Apogon opercularis, Macleay, as synonymous with Klunzinger’s species, but I have examined the types of the former and find that they differ in having much smaller mouths, and somewhat shorter and much _ broader maxillary bones ; the direction of the dark band passing from the eye to the preoperculum is also constantly different, Loc.—Investigator Strait, South Australia, 12-20 fathoms ; February, 1912. Famity ERYTHRICHTHYIDA. Genus PLAGIOGENEION, Forbes. Plagiogeneion, Forbes, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., xxii., 1890, p. 273 (Therapon rubiginosus, Hutton), This genus is closely allied to Hrythrichthys, Temminck & Schlegel, and Hinmelichthys, Richardson, but differs in the form of its dorsal fin, and in having twelve spines. It is very similar to Hrythrichthys but the dorsal is not so deeply notched, and the penultimate spine is as long as the last instead of being shorter than it; the teeth of both, if present, are microscopic, and are apparently variable, though they are probably more distinct and more persistent in Plagiogeneion. Hinelichthys has the poste- rior dorsal spines isolated, and the body more slender than in the other two genera; it also appears to be always without teeth in the jaws or palate. ‘The three may be readily distinguished as follows :— ’ 104 “ ENDEAVOUR’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. a, Posterior dorsal spines isolated, thirteen in number, Hinmelichthys, wa. Posterior dorsal spines connected by membrane. b. Eleven dorsal spines, the posterior ones low, and the last longer than the penultimate one... . Erythrichthys. bb. Twelve dorsal spines, the penultimate one as long as the last, and not very low...... ..Plagiogeneion. PLAGIOGENEION RUBIGINOSUS, Hutton. Therapon rubiginosus, Hutton, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., viii, 1876, p. 209. Plagiogeneion rubiginosus, Forbes, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., xxii, 1890, p. 273. Id,, Waite, Trans. N, Zeal. Inst., xlv., 1913, p. 218 pl. vii., and Rec. Cantb. Mus., ii., pt. 1, 1913, p. 18. Asingle large specimen, 365 mm. long, differs from Waite’s description of this species only in a few minor details. The height is 2.98 in the length to the hypural; the ventral spine is inserted below the third dorsal one instead of in advance of the first; and the base of the second dorsal is less than half the length of the spinous portion. I count 71 scales to the hypural, the remainder—about ten—being on the base of the tail. Loc.—Eastern slope of Bass Strait, between Gabo and Flinders Islands, outside one hundred fathom line. PLAGIOGENEION MACROLEPIS, sp. nov. (Plate xx.) Dixit. 1) 5) As 0s Visio cs P60 Coai7s iat. 40-50) l. tr. 8-9/1/18. Head 3.38-3.71 in the length to the hypural ; depth 3.16-3.43 in the same. Eye 3-3.33 in the head; inter- orbital width varying from slightly less, to a little greater than the diameter of the eye, and 3.07-3.55 in the head. Snout 1.41-1.50 in the eye, and 4.25-4 75 in the head. Greatest breadth of the maxillary 2-2.12 in the eye. Caudal peduncle 3.33-3.64, fourth dorsal spine 1.7-1.96, second dorsal ray 2.85-3.07, and second anal ray 2.59-2.83 in the head. Pectoral as long as, or a little longer than the head, and 3-4 in the length of the body, Body moderately elongate and compressed ; it is deepest at the verticle of the ventrals, thence tapering towards the tail. The lower profile is a little more convex than the back. Head obtusely conical; mouth oblique, Maxillary very broad, its posterior margin either truncate or a little rounded; it reaches backward to below the end of the first third of the eye. Lower jaw projecting, chin prominent. Suborbital very narrow. FISHES.—MCCULLOCH. 105 Hinder preopercular margin either straight or concave, extending obliquely backward and downward, the angle broadly rounded ; its margin is entire though striated. Operculum with two flat spines which are almost hidden by the scales. A single row of exceedingly minute teeth in the front of each jaw is usually present, though they cannot always be detected. Palate and tongue toothless. Gill-rakers long and slender, about twenty six on the lower limb of the first arch ; the longest are about half as long as the diameter of the eye. The scales are finely ciliated, and the surface near their hinder margins is roughened; they are smaller above the lateral line than on the sides. They extend forward onto the snout and pre- orbital bone, and also cover the maxillary and lower jaw, together with all the opercles. Base of the pectoral scaly, and there is a long axillary scale above the base of each ventral. The scales form a triangular shield on the base of each caudal lobe, and the dorsal and anal fins are provided with scaly sheaths which are most developed posteriorly. Lateral line roughly following the line of the back, but nearer to it posteriorly than in front; it extends beyond the hypural onto the bases of the middle caudal rays, Dorsal fin originating over, in front of, or a little behind the insertion of the ventrals, The spines are moderately strong, and the third or fourth is the longest; the following ones decrease regularly backwards, the last being not longer than the penul- timate one. The second dorsal ray is the highest ; the base of the soft dorsal is very much less than half that of the spinous portion. Anal originating below the anterior dorsal rays, and terminating level with or behind that fin, The spines are rather stronger than those of the dorsal, and the third is the longest, but is much shorter than the anterior rays. Pectoral falcate. Ventral spine long and slender; the outer ray the longer. Caudal deeply forked. Colour.—Yellowish in formalin, probably pinkish during life, with longitudinal rows of yellow spots along the series of scales. Described from three specimens, 192-325 mm. long from the snout to the middle candal rays. hey are the largest, the smallest, and a median sized example of a series of twenty three specimens, the last mentioned being the type, which is figured, P. macrolepis differs from P. rubiginosus in having much larger and less numerous scales; the vomer also appears to be toothless, though microscopic villous teeth are perhaps present in some specimens. Loc.—Great Australian Bight, west of Eucla, Lat. 33°20/S., Long. 126-127°K., 70-120 fathoms; March, 1912. ’ 106 ‘¢ PNDEAVOUR’’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. Famity LETHRINIDA. Genus Pentapus, Cuvier & Valenciennes. Penrapus virra, Quoy & Gaimard. (Plate xxi.) Pentapodus vitta, Quoy & Gaimard, Voy ‘ Uranie et Physi- cienne,” Zool., 1824, p. 294, pl. xliv., fig. 4. Pentapus vitta, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vi., 1830, p. 264. IJd., Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., 1, 1859, p. 381. Id., Castelnau, Res. Fish. Austr. (Vict. Offic. Rec. Philad. Exhib.), 1875, p. 12. Id., Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, v., 1881, p. 384. Id., Waite. Rec, Austr. Mus., iv., 1902, p. 185. ? Meenoides auro-frenatus, Richardson, Icones Piscium, 1843, piety 18) anaes -p Smaris porosus, Richardson in Stokes, Discov. in Austr., 1., 1846, p. 489, pl. ii. Dyx.9 3 Asa. 7; P16; V.1.532C.17.; Ti lata7-400 Sieve of body before the ventrals 3-3.16, length of head 3.3 in the length to the hypural, Eye 4.2-4.4 in the head and narrower than the interorbital width, which is 3.1-3.2 in the same. Snout 2.6-2.7, and breadth of caudal peduncle 2.8-2.9 in the head, Fifth dorsal spine 2.5-2,7, seventh ray 2.3, third anal spine 3.9-4.4, and pectoral 1.45 in the head. Body compressed. ~The snout is rather pointed and its upper profile is a little convex. Maxillary not reaching back to the verticle of the eye. Nostvils small, and placed in the hinder half of the snout, the anterior with a small skinny lobe. —Preorbital edge entire. Preopercular angle broadly rounded, its hinder border smooth or crenulate. Operculum with a single small spine, the margin rounded. Premaxillaries with a band of villiform teeth which is broad anteriorly and becomes very narrow on the sides; two rather large and one small canine on each side of the symphysis. Mandible with villiform teeth anteriorly and a single row of larger ones on each side; each ramus with a canine in front. Vomer and palatines toothless, Scales with finely ciliated edges. They are largest between the lateral line and the dorsal fin, and much smaller below it and on the caudal peduncle. They extend forward on the upper sur- face of the head to between the nostrils, and cover the cheek and all the opercles. The preorbital, snout, and lower jaw are naked and porous. ‘The bases of the dorsal and anal are protected by FISHES.—MCCULLOCH. 107 low scaly sheaths in which they can be partly hidden. The scales cover the basal portion of the pectoral, and a considerable part of the candal. Ventral with an enlarged axillary scale. Third, fourth, and fifth dorsal spines longest, subequal; the following ones decrease a little in length, but the rays increase in height to the seventh. Third ana] spine longest, but much shorter than the rays which are highest anteriorly. Ventrals inserted behind the pectorals, the spine rather long and slender and the first ray produced. The fourth upper ray of the pectoral is the longest and the margin of the fin is rounded. Colour.—A broad dark band extends from the eye to the operculum, and sloping upwards, reaches the lateral line below the soft dorsal and runs along it to the tail. The scales at the base of the dorsal are blackish, and there is a longitudinal series of dark spots between these and the lateral line. A narrow, dark stripe commences below the soft dorsal and runs backwards to the caudal above the broad lateral band ; a similar stripe below the band joins the upper one on the tail. A narrow bar crosses the anterior portion of the snout, and there is a trace of another from the postero-superior angle of the eye. Described from two specimens, 190-194 mm. long. They differ from the descriptions and figure of P. vittu in having only +9 scales along the lateral line. Quoy & Gaimard’s figure shows about 70, while Cuvier & Valenciennes counted 56, and Giinther 60. But Monsieur R. Despax, of the Paris Museum, has very kindly examined the type specimen for me, and finds only 49 scales as in mine. I sent him a specimen similar to that figured on Plate xxi, which he compared with the type, and he informs me it does not differ from it in any important details. Castelnau noted the close resemblance of Smaris porosus, Richardson, and P, vittaw, Richardson’s description and figure agree so well with my specimens that I have no doubt of the identity of the two species. It is probable that Mcenoides auro-frenatus, Richardson, is -another synonym of Quoy & Gaimard’s species. It was described from avery imperfect drawing which has the general charac- teristics of a Pentapus, and the colour-marking of P. vitta, but the scales are shown much too large, and the dark lateral band is pale yellow. The fish from which the drawing was pre- pared was said to have been taken at Tale Bay, Australia, but I ean find no such place, though there is a Tale Head near the entrance to Port Darwin. Locs.—P. vitta is recorded from Shark Bay (Quoy & Gaimard, and Cuvier & Valenciennes); Victoria, Port Essington and Houtman Abrolhos (Giinther) ; Swan River (Castelnau); Man- 108 ‘“ PNDEAVOUR”’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. durah (Waite); King George Sound (Richardson, as Smaris porosus) ; Tale Bay (Richardson, as Mcenoides awro-frenatus). The two specimens described above are from Fremantle and Mandurah, and the “ Endeavour’”’ collection includes a specimen from between Geraldton and Cape Naturaliste. Prnrapus sprosus, Cuvier & Valenciennes. Pentapus setosus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist, Nat. Poiss., vi., 1880, p. 270. Id., Bleeker, Nat. Tydschr. Neder]. Ind., i,i., 1851, p. 175, and Atl. Ichth., viti., 1876-7, p. 101, pl. ecexxiv., fig. 1. Id., Giinther, Brit. Mus, Cat. Fish.. i, 1859, p. 382. Id., Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, v., 1881, p. 585. Pentapus paradiseus, Ginther, Brit. Mus, Cat. Fish., i., 1859., p. 883. Id., Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, i, 1877, p. 272. Id., Macleay, Loc. cit., p. 385. Dentex filifer, Castelnau, Res. Fish. Austr. (Vict. Offic. Rec. Philad. Exhib.), 1875, p. 12. Id., Macleay, Loc. cit., p. 383. Fifteen specimens, 80-210 mm. long from the snout to the middle caudal rays, agree very well with Bleeker’s description and fioure of P. setosus, and with Giinther’s description of P. paradiseus. They also appear to be identical with Dentew filifer, Castelnau, of which the number of dorsal spines has been mis- printed as two instead of ten, and altered by Macleay to twelve. All the “ Endeavour’”’ specimens, and all others I have seen, have the caudal filament well developed so that this is not a sexual character as suggested by Giinther. The blue markings on the head and body are very dark in examples preserved in formalin instead of being lighter than the ground colour as in many spirit specimens. The young have a broad dark band from the snout which passes through the eye in a straight line to the base of the caudal; on either side of this is a narrow, rather indistinct one separated from it by a yellowish stripe. The dark bands are wanting in the larger specimens. The presence of a caudal filament, and the different colour marking readily distinguishes this species from P. vitta, in which the dark lateral band is always present, and inclines obliquely upwards towards the lateral line. Through the kindness of Mr. J. D. Ogilby, I am able to add a note on a deformed example of this species which is included in the collection of the Queensland Museum. It agrees in every FISHES.—MCCULLOCH. 109 detail with the ‘‘ Endeavour” specimens except that it is very much shorter and deeper than normal specimens; the greatest depth is 2.45 in the length from the snout to the hypural. It was obtained at Murray Island, Torres Strait. I have compared the specimens of P, setosus and P, paradiseus recorded by Macleay from Port Jackson and Cape Sidmouth, with those of the ‘* Endeavour ”’ collection, and find no differences between them. If the Port Jackson example be properly localised, it must be regarded as a chance visitor to this harbour since the species is ordinarily confined to Queensland waters on the eastern Australian Coast. Other specimens are in the Aus- tralian Museum from Moreton Bay and Dunk Island, Queensland, and I have examined one in the collection of the Western Australian Museum from Port Hedland, North Western Aus- tralia. Locs,—The “‘ Endeavour” specimens were caught on Rock-cod Shoal, eleven miles south-west from Masthead Island of the Capricorn Group, Queensland, and in the Great Sandy Strait, off Point Inskip, 10-12 fathoms, 27th July, 1910. Famity CHPOLIDA. Genus Crpona, Linneus. CEPOLA AUSTRALIS, Ogilby. (Plate xxxiv., fig. 1.) Cepola australis, Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, xxiv., 1899, p. 185. I have compared four specimens of this species with four others of C. tenia, Linneus, and one of C. aotea, Waite, and find that they differ as follows. ~ qa, Lower jaw without an anterior supplementary band of UTS UI eighs Getrcloc hs peceo tar cat Coe a aE nee eee toenta, aa. Lower jaw with an anterior supplementary band of teeth. eels (074i A, Goatees seas Rte ae) cS): aed Obed Ge: FOros-00 3" AL AS-Dome ie). cdestiradest It must be noted that all my four specimens of C. australis have an inter-maxillary dark spot, though it is much larger and more conspicuous in some than in others; it was wanting in the type specimen. Some specimens, also, have very much longer bodies than the others, the head being from 73-93 in the length to the hypural. 110 “ENDEAVOUR” SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. Locs.—The “ Endeavour” collection includes two from the following localities, — Shoalhaven Bight, New South Wales, 42 fathoms. Investigator Strait, South Australia. Famiry CHAYSTODONTIDA, Genus VINCULUM, gen, nov. A Cheetodon with ten dorsal spines of which the middle ones are the highest. Scales very small, seventy-five or more between the operculum and the hypural. Second anal spine stronger, but not longer than the third, This genus differs from Chcetodon in having very much smaller scales and fewer dorsal spines. The small scales also separate it from Microcanthus, and Hemitaurichthys, Bleeker, while the first-named also has the third anal spine much shorter than the second, VINCULUM SEXFASCIATUM, Richardson. (Plate xxii.) Cheetodon sexfasciatus, Richardson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., x., 1842, p. 26. Id., Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., ii , 1860, p. 35. Id., Castelnau, Res. Fish. Austr. (Vict. Offic. Rec. Philad. Exhib.), 1875, p. 18. ZId., Castelnau, Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S. Wales, 111., 1879, p. 350. Id., Klunzinger, Sitzb, Akad. Wiss. Wien., ]xxx.i., 1879, p. 360. Id., Macleay, Proc, Linn. Soc. N:S.. Wales, y., 1881, p.sa65: | a.. Kershaw, Vict, Nat., xxviii., 1911, p. 95. This species is well described by Richardson, The scales are so small and irregular that I have been unable to satisfactorily count the number between the operculum and the hypurat, but there are between seventy-five and ninety. Locs.—The “ Endeavour ” specimen is 250 mm. long, and was obtained in Doubtful Island Bay, West Australia in 20-25 fathoms. I have examined two others, one of which is from Albany, West Australia, and the other is one of those recorded from Mordialloc, Port Phillip by Kershaw. The last is the specimen figured. FISHES.—MCCULLOCH. 111 Famity VELIFERIDA, Genus Vewirer, Schlegel. VELIFER MULTIRADIATUS, Regan. (Plate xxiii.) Velifer multiradiatus, Regan, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1907, p. 633. iad; A845 Ploy V.95 Crlg lla. 42.) | Body strongly compressed, broadly ovate, its depth at the origin of the anal 1.67 in the length from the preorbital to the hypural. Head 3.48 in the same, Hye 3 in the head, and about one fourth longer than the snout; it is a little narrower than the interorbital width, which is 2.64 inthe head. Depth of caudal peduncle equal to the length of the snout. Pectoral 1.28 in the head. The dorsal and ventral profiles are about equally arched; the line from the snout to the first dorsal spine is almost straight, that to the ventral fin is slightly concave below the mouth and convex before the fin. he greatest height is at the base of the third or fourth dorsal ray, and the lowest point is just before the anal. The snout is tumid and fleshy, and is pitted with minute pores. The nostrils are two oval openings separated by a small free lobe, and are a little nearer the end of the snout than the eye. When closed, the month is entirely hidden beneath the preorbital bone, but it is very protractile. Maxillary short and rather broad posteriorly, not reaching backwards to the orbital border ; lips thick and fleshy. Teeth apparently wanting. The whole body is covered with rather small, cycloid scales, which are not very adherent; they also extend onto the head and lower jaw, leaving only the snout bare. Skinny sheaths, covered with scales, cover the bases of the dorsal and anal fins, and the first half of the caudal is also scaly. The lateral line is a little arched anteriorly, thence straight to the middle of the caudal peduncle; there are about forty-two perforated scales along its length, but there appear to be a greater number in a longitudinal row. The anterior dorsal rays increase rapidly in length to the sixth, which is broad and greatly produced; the following ten become regularly shorter, but the next six are broken oft in my specimens. The remaining rays form a rounded second dorsal, of which the greater number are divided at the tips. The first anal ray is very short, but is followed by about fifteen longer ones resembling those of the first dorsal, of which the fourth and fifth are the longest, the others decreasing regularly backwards ; the posterior eighteen rays form a second rounded fin as in the dorsal. The ventrals are elongate, and consist of eight branched rays, and one b) 12 “ PNDEAVOUR”’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. broad simple one in front. The caudal is deeply forked. The upper pectoral rays are the longest, and the margin is rounded. Nearly all the fin-rays are articulated, though the joints are very widely spaced and difficult to see. The first five of the dorsal may be true spines, but the sixth and those following it are simple rays. The anal has apparently one spine, all the rest being rays. There is no ventral spine. Colour.—Apparently silvery in life, with traces of darker cross-bands. A dark bar crosses the cheek below the eye, and a second one descends from the hinder border of the preoperculum to before the ventrals. Indications of four or five more occur on the back, and a striking blackish spot covers the bases of the anterior rays of the second dorsal and the back below them. The first dorsal is partly dusky, and the anterior portion of the anal is blackish. The ventrals are dusky with a round black spot in the middle of their length, and their tips blackish. Hach lobe of the caudal is crossed by three broad oblique dark bars, Described from two specimens, 96-108 mm. long, from the preorbital to the middle caudal rays. The larger one belongs to the Western Australian Museum, and was collected at Fremantle ; the other was trawled by the ‘“‘ Endeavour” somewhere between Cape Naturaliste and Geraldton. Both are imperfect, and the accompanying figure has been prepared partly from one and partly from the other. The larger specimen retains sufficient of its scales to show their disposition, but they cannot be counted, and are therefore only approximately correct in my drawing. The form of the fins is best shown in the small example, but the rays connecting the first and second portions of the dorsal and anal are damaged in both specimens. A third and larger specimen, 117 mm. long, differs from the others in being somewhat more elongate and in having the fins proportionately lower. It was collected in Doubtful Island Bay, on the southern coast of West Australia, in 20-25 fathoms, Famity ZEIDA. Genus Crrrosoma, Gilchrist. Cyttosoma, Gilchrist, Marine Invest. 8. Afr., 11., 1904, p. 6 (C. boops, Gilchrist). Body compressed, back abruptly elevated behind the head. The scales on the sides are small, imbricate, cycloid and deciduous; on the nape and top of the head, and along the ventral profile they are adherent, juxtaposed, and tubercular, and more or less rough with upstanding spinules. Those along the FISHES.—MCCULLOCH. 113 bases of the dorsal and anal fins are slightly enlarged and spinate. A few enlarged scales may be present below the anterior dorsal spines, Jaws very protractile, the intermaxillary processes received into a broad cavity extending backwards to above the middle of the orbits. Superficial bones of the head a little roughened ; the operculum with a strong, transverse, spinate ridge. Pre- orbital very narrow. Microscopic teeth may be present on the lower jaw; upper jaw, vomer, palatines and tongue toothless. A single dorsal fin with six to eight spines, and about thirty rays. Anal with three spines and about twenty nine rays. Ventral with one spine, and usually seven rays. Seven branchiostegals. Cyrrosoma Boops, Gilchrist, Cyttosoma boops, Gilchrist, Marine Invest. S. Afr., iii, 1904, p. 6, pl. xxiii., and Loe. cit., iv., 1907, p. 150. Br. 7; D. vi-viii. 29-31; A. iii. 28-30; V.i.7; P. 19-20; 0.13; L. lat. c, 100. Height, at origin of dorsal fin, 1.57 in the length to the hypural ; head 2.73 in the same. Snout 2.23 in the eye, which is 1.65 in the head. Interorbital width 1.72 in the eye. Second dorsal spine 1.4, first anal spine 2.11, longest dorsal and anal rays 1.5 in the eye. Supraorbital bones rough with serrated ridges ; suborbital, preoperculum, preorbital, and mandibular also granular. Upper part of operculum crossed by a strong raised ridge which is denticulated, or it may form a cluster of spinules _Interorbital space bounded on either side and posteriorly by the supraorbital bones ; the median portion is somewhat triangular. Nostrils rather small, close together, the posterior placed directly in front of the eye; they are protected above by a granular bone. Hye very large, about once and two-thirds as wide as the inter- orbital space. Cheeks and interorbital space scaly, snout naked ; lower part of operculum with rudimentary scales. Lips broad and fleshy. Maxillary oblique when the mouth is closed, its hinder margin truncate, the lower portion rounded. Very minute teeth may be present in front of the lower jaw; all the other mouth-parts toothless, Scales of the sides very small, imbricate, and deciduous. On the nape and ventral profile they are juxtaposed and tubercular, the tubercles being either low and smooth or strongly spinate, Several enlarged scales usually remain below the anterior dorsal spines ; according to Gilchrist, others also occur along the sides and below the abdominal regions, though these are missing in all my specimens. The scales along the bases of the dorsal and J 114 ‘¢PNDEAVOUR’”’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. anal fins are slightly enlarged, adherent, and strongly spinate. The lateral line is arched anteriorly, but descends to the median line of the body and runs along the middle of the caudal peduncle. Dorsal spines of moderate strength and coarsely carinate ; the second is the longest, the others decreasing evenly backwards. The rays are simple, and increase in length to about the eighteenth. Anal similar to the dorsal. Ventral rounded. inserted a little in front of the pectoral; the spine is long and carinate and the rays are divided. Pectoral short and broadly rounded, its rays simple. Caudal a little rounded, or with the outer rays very slightly produced. Colour.—Brownish. Some specimens have more or less numerous small brown ocelli on the dorsal and anal rays. Iris golden. ‘he membrane behind the maxillaries black. Described from a specimen 207 mm, long from the snout to the end of the caudal fin. Twenty-eight others, 145-205 mm. long, vary a little in the form of the body, the back being more abruptly elevated in some than in others. The depth at the origin of the dorsal may be either 1.49 or 1.70 in the length to the hypural, and some specimens have a small patch of microscopic, villous teeth attached to the skin behind the vomer, which, however, are very different to the true vomerine teeth of Neocyttus or Allocyttus. Loc.—Great Australian Bight, Long, 129°28'E., 350-450 fathoms ; 14th May, 1913. Genus ALLOcyrrus, gen. nov. Body compressed, covered with rather small scales with strongly ctenoid margins which are turned outwards ; they are imbricate on the sides and hinder half of the body only, those on the nape and abdomen being simply juxtaposed, angular, and each having a small raised tubercle in its centre. Some enlarged flat scales are irregularly arranged in two rows on the sides below the pectorals ; none below the origin of the dorsal fin, Jaws very protractile, the intermaxillary processes received into a broad oblong cavity extending backwards to above the middle of the orbits. Superficial bones of the head with granules and course ridges, those of the operculum forming a radiating series. Preorbital of moderate width. Small teeth in one or two series on the jaws and vomer; palatines and tongue toothless. A single dorsal fin with about six, rather weak spines, and thirty-one rays. Anal with two or three spines, and about twenty-eight rays. Ventral with one spine and six rays, Branchiostegals seven. FISHES.—MCCULLOCH. 115 Type.—Cyttosoma verrucosum, Gilchrist, var. propinguus, var. nov. Boulenger! considers that Oyttosoma verrucosum 18 possibly the adult form of Oreosoma, Cuvier & Valenciennes 2, and if his view is correct, the above genus is unnecessary. There are, however, several important differences between Allocyttus (Cyttosoma) verrucosus and O, atlanticum, which seem to me to indicate that they are not generically identical, though closely related. QO. atlanticum was, until recently, known from only a few very small examples, but Waite’ has lately described and figured a New Zealand specimen 80 mm, long, which does not differ in its essential characters from the smaller ones. ‘Though there is a great difference in size between my smallest specimen of Allocyttus, 253 mm., and Waite’s example, it is nevertheless difficult to suppose that a fish could undergo such a remarkable change of form as would be necessary to alter it from Oreosoma to Allocyttus, particularly as it retains its larval characters unchanged up to a length of 80 mm, Oreosoma has a stout body which is trigonal in section, while Allocyttws is compressed. The large conical tubercles of the small fish are altogether differently arranged to the flat scales which are supposed to represent them in Allocyttus, the lower ones being below the ventral fins. None of the scales are imbricate in Oreosoma, but are six-sided and form a mosaic, whereas only a portion of them are so arranged in Allocyttus, the remainder being imbricate. { therefore believe that the unknown adult form of Oreosoma will prove to be generically distinct from Cyttosoma verrucosum., and therefore propose Allocyttus for the latter. It differs from Cyttosoma and Pseudocyttus in having vomerine teeth and ctenoid, adherent scales, while the structure of the scales separates it from Neocyttus. These genera may be readily distinguished by the following key :— a. No vomerine teeth. Scales deciduous, cycloid, or with minute soft points. b. Some enlarged flat scales below the origin of the dorsal and on the sides of the abdomen, Back abruptly elevated behind the head. Preorbital very NALLOWissinnbah clin. qeutetoess tad von ve oct hea, CO MORONBE. 1 Boulenger—Compt Rendu Acad. Sci. Paris, exxxvii., 1903, p. 523. 2 Cuvier & Valenciennes—Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv., 1829, p. 515, pl. xcix. 3 Waite—Trans. N.Z. Inst., xliv., 1912, p. 197, pl. xi. ’ 116 ‘ PNDEAVOUR’’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS, bb. No enlarged scales. Back not abruptly elevated. Preorbital of moderate width...... Pseudocyttus. awa. Vomerine teeth present. Scales adherent, strongly ctenoid. c. Scales nearly uniform, without any enlarged flat scales on the sides of the abdomen....... Neocyttus. cc, Scales before the dorsal and on the ventral regions tubercular; some enlarged flat scales on the sides of the abdomen ....................Allocyttus. ALLOCYTTUS vERRUCOSUS, Gilchrist, var. PROPINQUUS, var, nov. (Fig. 7.) Oreosoma, sp. Boulenger, Compt. Rendu Acad. Sci. Paris, exxxvil,, 1903, p. 523. Cyttosoma verrucosum, Gilchrist, Marine Invest. 8. Afr., iv., 1308,%p.. tol, pl vx. Br 7s Olyi. 30-025 Ao u-il, 2o-29 54 Vaan be Woe Vas L. lat. c. 87-93. Height, at origin of dorsal fin, 1.62 in the length to the hypural; head 2.5 in the same. Length of snout a little less than the interorbital width, and 1,79 in the eye; the latter is 2.14 in the head. Second dorsal spine 2.15, longest dorsal ray 1.26 in the eye. The dorsal profile is convex from the snout to a point some distance before the dorsal fin, where it rises more or less obliquely to the base of the first spine. From there it descends rapidly in a slightly convex line to the caudal peduncle, ‘The ventral pro- file is almost similar to that of the back. The exposed preorbital, supraorbital and suborbital bones, together with the operculum, preoperculum, suboperculum, mandibular and maxillary are rough with granules and coarse ridges; the preoperculum and suborbital are perforated by several large pores covered with skin. The interorbital space is bounded on either side and posteriorly by the supraorbital bones ; the median portion is an oblong scaly space which receives the posterior processes of the intermaxillaries when the mouth is closed. The nostrils are large and close together, the posterior the largest and placed directly in front of the eye, they are pro- tected above by a granular bone. Hye extremely large, about once and a half as wide as the interorbital space. The cheeks are covered with scales, each bearing a low elevation in its centre, A few incomplete scales are also present on the lower FISHES.—MCCULLOCH, Fig. 7. Allocyttus verrucosus, var. propinguus. 8 y proping 117 118 ‘* PNDEAVOUR’’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. half of the operculum. Anterior portion of snout naked. Lips broad and fleshy. Maxillary very oblique when the mouth is closed ; its posterior margin is a little excavated, and the lower angle somewhat produced. Teeth small and conical, forming two irregular rows on the front of each j jaw, and one on the sides ; the “symphysis of the upper jaw is toothless. Similar teeth form a series across the head of the vomer. Scales of the sides of the body usually flat and imbricate, with their margins turned outwards and armed with several very strong teeth. On the nape and upper portion of the head, as well as on the sides of the abdomen, they each have a median tubercle which may be either low and blunt or acute; on the ventral pro- file the scales are particularly rough owing to the great develop- ment of the tubercles and mar oinal spines. On the side, below the pectoral there are two rows of enlarged flat scales which are irregular both in position and number, though there appear to be about eight in each row, The lateral line is more or less arched anteriorly, but descends to the median line of the body and runs straight along the middle of the caudal peduncle. The scales at the bases of the dorsal and anal fins are slightly en- larged, and have their free edges strongly spinate. The dorsal spines are rather weak and deeply grooved; the first is very small, the second the longest, and the others decreasing evenly backwards. ‘The rays are all simple and in- crease in length backwards to about the twentieth. The anal spines are shorter than the dorsal ones, but the rays are similar to, though a little longer than those of that fin. Ventrals inserted slightly before the pectorals; the spine is long and weak, and the rays are divided with their margin rounded. Pectoral short and broadly rounded, its rays simple, Caudal rays branched, with their margin rounded. Colour.—Brownish in formalin, the fins and naked skinny parts darker than the rest. Described from aspecimen 280 mm. long from the snout to the end of the caudal fin. Seven others, 253-325 mm. long, were trawled with it which show some little variation in the form of the body. In the larger examples the dorsal profile is less elevated before the dorsal fin than in the smaller ones, and some are a little longer proportionately than others. The lengths of the rays are also subject to some variation. Gilchrist’s short description gives but few details, but it would seem that the Australian specimens ditfer from the African ones in being somewhat longer, and in haying the back elevated before the dorsal fin instead of continuous with the line of the FISHES.—MCCULLOCH, 119 neck. Both these characters vary somewhat, and it may prove that they are not worthy of recognition by even a varietal name, Loc.—Great Australian Bight, 129°28/H,, 350-450 fathoms ; 14th May, 1913. Genus Neocyrrus, Gilchrist. Neocyttus, Gilchrist, Marine Invest. S. Afr., iv., 1907, p. 153 (N, rhomboidalis, Gilchrist.) Body compressed and elevated, covered with rather small ctenoid scales, which are mostly imbricate; on the nape, head, and ventral profile their edges are turned outwards and strongly spinate, making these parts very rough, ‘hey do not bear any central tubercles, nor are there any enlarged flat scales on the sides as in Allocyttus and Cyttosoma, Jaws very protractile, the intermaxillary processes received into a broad, oblong cavity extending backwards to above the middle of the orbits. Superficial bones of the head with coarse granules and ridges ; those of the operculum forming a radiating series. Preorbital of moderate width. Small teeth in the jaws and on the vomer; palatines and tongue toothless. A single dorsal fin with seven or eight strong spines and about thirty-four rays, Anal with three or four spines, and about thirty-one rays. Ventral with one spine and six rays, Seven branchios- tegals, NEOcyTTUS RHOMBOIDALIS, (Gilchrist. var, GIBBOSUS, var, nov. (Fig. 8.) Neocyttus rhomboidalis, Gilchrist, Marine Invest. 8. Afr., 1v., 1907, p. 153, pl. xlii. - Br. 7; D. vii-vili. 33-35; A. iii-iv. 31-33; V.i.6; P. 19-21; C. 12-18; L. lat. c. 104. Height, at origin of dorsal, 1.47 in the length to the hypural; head 2.67 in the same. Eye 2.12 in the length of the head, Snout 2.16 in the eye and a little more than half the interorbital width, which is 1.18 in the eye. Second dorsal 2.07, longest dorsal ray 2.37, first anal spine 2.30 and longest anal ray 2.09 in the head. The exposed preorbital, supraorbital and suborbital bones, together with the operculum, preoperculum, suboperculum, mandibular and maxillary are rough with granules and coarse ridges ; the preoperculum and suborbital are perforated by large 120 ‘“ ENDEAVOUR” SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. pores, the openings being covered by membrane. _Interorbital space bounded on either side by the supraorbital bones ; the median portion is an oblong, scaly space, which receives the posterior processes of the premaxillaries when the mouth is closed. Nostrils close together, the posterior the larger, and placed directly in front of the eye; they are protected above by a granular bone. Kye large, about once and a quarter as wide as the interorbital space. Cheeks, interorbital space and snout covered with scales with upstanding denticulated margins; lower half of operculum similarly scaly, Lips of moderate breadth and fleshy. Maxillary very oblique when the mouth is Fig. 8. Neocyttus rhomboidalis, var. gibbosus. closed ; its hinder margin more or less excavate, and the lower angle produced. Teeth minute and conical, in one or two rows in front of the jaws and in one on the sides; maxillary symphysis toothless. Similar teeth form a series across the head of the vomer. Seales of the sides flat and imbricate, with their margins strongly ctenoid, On the nape and lower part of the abdomen their edges are turned outwards and are strongly spinate. Lateral line more or less arched anteriorly, but descending to the FISHES.—MCCULLOCH. Pal median line of the body and running along the middle of the caudal peduncle. The scales along the bases of the dorsal and anal fins are not larger than those of the sides, and their edges are strongly spinate. Dorsal spines strong and coarsely carinate ; the second is much the longest and the following ones decrease evenly back- wards. The rays are all simple and increase in length to about the eighteenth; their basal portions are armed with minute spinuies on either side. Anal similar to the dorsal though the spines and rays are a little shorter, Ventrals rounded, inserted below or behind the pectorals; the spine is long and carinate, and the rays are divided. Pectoral short and broadly rounded, its rays simple. Caudal slightly rounded, the rays branched. Colour.—Silvery, the membrane of the soft dorsal, anal, and ventral blackish, The skin on the sides of the mouth and the gillmembranes are black. Iris golden with a dark inner ring, Described from a specimen 270 mm. long from the snout to the end of the caudal fin. Hight other examples, 203-280 mm. long, were obtained with it, and show some little variation in the depth and form of the body. The back is more abruptly elevated before the dorsal fin in some than in others, but all differ in this respect from the typical form, in which the line from the head to the first dorsal spine is but little concave, Hight of my specimens have four anal spines, and one has three. Gilchrist has described the rays of the dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins as covered with minute ctenoid scales. These “scales”? are merely the articulations of the rays which are armed with minute spinules on either side, Loc.—Great Australian Bight, Long. 129°28/H., 350-450 fathoms; 14th May, 1913, Famity PLEURONECTIDA. Genus AMMOTRETIS, Gunther, AMMOTRETIS ROSTRATUS, Gunther. Long-snouted Flounder. — Ammotretis rostratus, Gunther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iv., 1862, p. 458. Id. Klunzinger, Arch, Nat,, xxxviiii., 1872, p. 40, and Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Ixxx.i., 1879, p, 407. ’ 122 “ ENDEAVOUR” SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. Id., Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, vi,, 188], p- 128. Id., Johnston, Proc, Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1882 (1883), p. 127, and 1890 (1891), p. 36. Id., Waite, Mem. Austr. Mus., iv., 1899, p. 123. Id., Stead, Ed. Fish. N.S. Wales, 1908, p. 108, pl. Lxx. Ammotretis rostratus vel adspersus, Kner, Reise ‘“‘ Novara,” Zool., i., 1868, p. 286, pl. xiii., fig. 4, Id., Ogilby, Cat. Fish. N.S. Wales, 1886, p. 48, Rhombosolea bassensis, Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc. Vict., 1., 1872, p. 167. Id., Macleay, Proc, Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, vi., 1881, p. 182. Id., Lucas, Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict. (2), il., Pp. ot Ammotretis zonatus, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, vii., 1882, p. 367, and ix., 1884, p. 50. Ammotretis macleayi, Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, x., 1885, p. 121-2. Peltorhamplhus bassensis, Waite, Rec. Austr. Mus., vi., 1906, p. 198, pl. xxxiv. Having carefully compared and counted the fin rays and scales of fourteen examples of this variable species, 135-325 mm. long, I find they have the following characters, D, 76-86; A. 51-56; P. 9-12; V. dex. 7; V. sin. 3-6; L. lat. 80-90; L. tr. 34-38 1-46-50. Depth liv-1+, head 34-43 in the length from the upper jaw to the hypural. Scales of upper side ctenoid. Maxillary not reaching the level of the orbital margin. Origin of the latera! line more or less below the level of the upper margin of the upper eye. Gill-rakers of the first arch of the lower side large, tubercular. Colour ranging from blackish to light brown with darker dots ; upper pectoral more or less blackish. I have re-examined the specimen figured in Waite’s paper, and find that I have drawn the scales too large, there being only 68 along the lateral line whereas there should be 80. The nostrils are shown as if connected which is incorrect, while the fourteenth to eighteenth rays are not longer than those immediately following them; they are really similar to what I have shown in my figure of A. tudor?. Locs.—A. rostratus is recorded from Tasmania, Victoria, and New South Wales northwards to Port Jackson. The ‘“Wndeavour ” also trawled it in South Australian waters :— Off the East coast of Flinders Island, Bass Strait, 40 fathoms, Off the mouth of the Murray River, South Australia, 20 fathoms. FISHES.—MCCULLOCH. 123 Marsden Point, Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Flinders Island, Investigator Group, South Australia, 37 fathoms. I have also examined specimens from near Sydney, Queens- cliff in Victoria, and from northern Tasmania. AMMOTRETIS ELONGATUS, sp. nov: (Plate xxvii.) D. 74-75; A. 50-51; P. 8-10; V. dex. 138; V. sin. 3-4, Depth 24, head 4¢ in the length from the upper jaw to the hypural. Eye equal to its distance from the tip of the upper jaw, and 44-5 in the length between that point and the end of the operculum. Pectorals of equal length, nearly half as long as the head. Caudal about as long as the head. Longest dorsal and anal rays about 1{ in the head. Scales of the upper side almost all cycloid, only a few on the head and near the margins of the body being ctenoid; on the lower side the ctenoid scales are more numerous. The scales extend over the greater part of all the rays except those of the pectoral and the anterior dorsal and ventral ones. The lateral line is almost straight, being only very slightly curved over the pectoral; its origin is a little below the upper margin of the upper eye. There are about ninety pores, and as many scales along its length as far as the hypural, and from thirty-three to thirty-nine on either side of it across the widest part of the body. Lower eye a little in advance of the upper. Maxillary not reaching back to the orbital margin; lower lip with a few simple tentacles. Nostrils tubular, the anterior of both sides with posterior lobes. Teeth much smaller than in A, rostratus and A. tudori, in a band on the lower sides of each jaw. Gill- rakers of the first arch small, tubercular. Dorsal commencing on the tip of the rostral hook, the anterior rays free, simple, and serrated ; the fourteenth to eighteenth rays are longer than those immediately following them: Left pectoral of similar form and size to the right, Right ventral in a line with, and joined to the anal, the anterior rays somewhat similar to those of the dorsal, Middle caudal rays longest, the margin rounded, Colour.—Light sandy-coloured with minute black dots over the head, body, and fins. Described from two specimens 195-215 mm. long. 124. ‘““BNDEAVOUR’’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. A, elongatus is distinguished from all other species of the genus by its comparatively narrow form. It has also thirteen rays in the right ventral, its scales are mostly cycloid, and its type of colouration is different from the others. Loc,—Investigator Strait, South Australia, or the area south of Kangaroo Island. AMMOPRETIS TUDORI, sp. nov, (Plate xxvi.) D.:77-82; A. 54-58; P. 10-11; V. dex. 10; V, sin. 6, “Depth lyo-li5, head 47-43 in the length from the upper jaw to the hypural. Eye equal to or less than its distance from the tip of the upper jaw, and 43-5 in the length between that point aud the end of the operculum. Upper pectoral 15-lyo in the head; the lower only a little longer than the eye. Caudal equal to or a little shorter than the head. Longest dorsal and anal rays about { in the head. Upper side mostly covered with ctenoid scales which become almost cycloid towards the middle of the body in large specimens ; on the lower side they are nearly all cycloid, sometimes ctenoid towards the edges. ‘They extend over the greater part of all the rays except those of the pectoral and the anterior dorsal and ventral ones. The lateral line is nearly straight between the tail and the pectoral, but is shghtly curved or inclined upwards over the latter fin. Its origin is on the same level as the upper margin of the upper eye. There are about eighty or ninety pores, and the same number of scales along its length as far as the hypural, and from thirty-five to forty on either side of it across the widest part of the body. Eyes on almost the same level, or the upper a little in advance of the lower. Maxillary not reaching backwards to the orbital margins ; lower lip with a row of fringed tentacles. Nostrils tubular, the anterior of both sides with posterior lobes. Teeth similar to those of A. rostratus, in a narrow band on the lower sides of each jaw. Gill-rakers of the first arch reduced to minute tubercles. Dorsal commencing on the tip of the rostral hook, the anterior rays free, simple, and serrated; the thirteenth to fifteenth rays are longer than those immediately following them. Left pectoral much smaller than the right, the first ray with a large fleshy tubercle at its tip, Right ventral im a line with and joined to the anal, the anterior rays somewhat similar to those of the dorsal. Middle caudal rays longest, the margin rounded or obtusely pointed. FISHES.—MCCULLOCH. 125 Colour.—Light sandy-coloured or greyish, with or without numerous darker spots on the head, body and fins. Upper pectoral light coloured like the body. Length 135-235 mm. This species is distinguished from A. rostratus in haying ten instead of seven rays in the right ventral, and in the left pectoral being much shorter than the right and having a curiously modified ray. The gill-rakers are also much smaller, and the origin of the lateral line is somewhat differently situated, while the type of colouration also appears to be different. A. guutheri, Hutton and A. nudipinnis, Waite, differ from both A, rostratus and A. tudori in having no scales on the dorsal and anal fins. I am glad to have the opportunity of associating with this interesting new species the name of the Honorable F. G. Tudor, late Minister for Trade and Customs, under whose direction these Reports were originated. Although only five specimens have been preserved, it is probable that the species will be found to be sufficiently abundant to form a valuable addition to the list of edible Australian flounders. Locs, —Oft the Hast coast of Flinders Island, Bass Strait. Spencer Gulf, South Australia, 20 fathoms. Flinders Island, Investigator Group, South Australia, 37 fathoms, AMMOTRETIS MACROLEPIS, sp. nov, Bp tens, hig. 92) Dy Ose Aod SLO Vay dex: 12° Vo-sin: 5. Depth ly, head 4% in the length from the upper jaw to the hypural. Kye twice as long as its distance from the tip of the upper jaw, and 33 in the length between that point and the end of the operculum. Upper pectoral longer than the lower, 13 in the head. Candal longer than the head. Longest dorsal and anal rays as long as the pectoral. All the scales are ctenoid but those of the upper side are more strongly toothed than the lower ones. They extend over the greater part of all the rays except those of the pectoral and the anterior dorsal and ventral ones. Lateral line almost straight, its origin on the same level as the upper margin of the upper eye. There are about sixty-six pores and as many scales along its length to the hypural, and twenty-four above and thirty below it across the widest part of the body. ’ 126 ** ENDEAVOUR ’ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. (ey . G gu ig. x Ut ag ( 6 ai (f CC oh ip ¢ ‘as fe CEECCE CELE CE ~ (els OX rare VF : ( CCC OS Us - ~ Owns, Cores ( ( ( ( Gk Ew Ol Kam ‘i Fig. 9. Ammotretis macrolepis, FISHES. —MCCULLOCH. 127 Upper eye slightly in advance of the lower. Maxillary ex- tending backwards to behind the orbital margin ; lower lip with a few small tubercles. Nostrils tubular, the anterior of both sides with posterior lobes. Teeth in a band on the lower side ofeach jaw. Gill-rakers of the first arch reduced to minute tubercles. Dorsal commencing on the tip of the rostral hook, the anterior rays free and simple. Left pectoral shorter than the right, the the first ray very short, with a small fleshy tubercle at its tip. Right ventral in a line with and joined to the anal, its anterior rays somewhat like those of the dorsal. Middle caudal rays the longest, the margin obtusely pointed. Colour.—Pinkish, with numerous small dark grey ocelli on the head and body. Fins dotted with dark grey. Described from a single specimen 98 mm. long. A. macrolepis is most nearly allied to A. tudori, and it is with hesitation that I venture to separate it from that species. It differs in having such larger scales and rather more numerous dorsal, anal, and ventral rays. The maxillary also reaches well beyond the anterior orbital margin. Loc.—Kast coast of Flinders Island, Bass Strait, 40 fathoms. The following is a key to the species of Anmotretis.— a, Width more than half the length from the upper jaw to the hypural. b, Rays of dorsal and anal fins scaly above. c. Pectorals of equal length; right ventral with 7 ESCO ESS oot sto beveitusiaiara\tinie st occ PGIe alee Scie he-o)5 atta cls ne ... rostratus cc. Lower pectoral shorter than the upper; ventrals with 10-12 rays. d. Maxillary not reaching to orbital margin; 1. lat. COO Ore areee Mi cera Mach ws sain toe Oe OO PO forms; x 40. Sertularella divaricata (Busk). Port Stephens. Sertularella divaricata, var. dubia, Bale. Bondi. The same. Sertularella divaricata, var. Port Phillip, 1890. Sertulurella divaricata, var. Hunter Group. Sertularella divaricata, var. subdichotoma, Bale, (= NS. subdichotoma Kircheupauer.) Sertularella divaricata, var. Port Phillip, 1881. (=N. johnstoni, Bass Strait variety, Bale). Sertularella divaricata, var. Port Phillip, 1889. Sertularella divaricata, var. Great Australian Bight. Sertularella johnstoni (Gray). New Zealand. . Sertularella pygmea, Bale. Port Phillip. “HNDEAVOUR,” Vou. IL. ZOOL. RESULTS He C2 LO EXPLANATION OF PLATE IIL. Agluophenia macrocarpa, Bale. Aglaophenia tasmanica, sp. nov. Agluophenia billardi, sp. nov. Aglauophenia dannevigi, sp. nov. Figs. 1-4 x 80, ZOOL. RESULTS “ ENDEAVOUR,” Vou. II. Prate III. W. M. Bate, del. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. Aglaophenia megalocarpa, sp. Dov. Plumularia asymmetrica, sp. nov. Front view. Plumularia asymmetrica, sp. noy. Side view. Agloaphenia decumbens, sp. nov. Halicornaria birostrata, sp. nov. Figs. 1-5 x 80. ZOOL. RESULTS “ ENDEAVOUR,” Vor. II. PLATE Ww. M. Bane, del. BO EXPLANATION OF PLATE V. Halicornaria baileyi, Bale. Halicornaria intermedia, sp. nov. Halicornaria furcata, Bale. Halicornaria urceolifera (Lamarck ) Figs. 1-4 x 80. ZOOL. RESULTS “ENDEAVOUR,” Vot. II. Prate V. W. M. Bats, del. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI. Ayluophenia Aylaophenia Aglaophenia Aglaophenia Aglaophenia Aglaophenia mucrocurpa, Bale. tusmanica, Sp. nov, billard’, sp. nov. danneviyi, sp. nov. megalocarpa, Sp. nov. decumbens, sp. noy. Figs. 1-6 x 80. ZOOL. RESULTS “ENDEAVOUR,” Vor. II. Piate VI. 6 W. M. Bats, del. i WA NG VO) Vig 47 elald Avnhind Wits an shine Push ats (ARIA OT Peer Mea iy) prt (ari Bt Wu be Apel sy PrN | iw Th alae oe ies Fouad} ; Rah ULI SUT ri We oN at a rest faye Sita.) aa 1s vey aay er yt, Gi els Se pet gene ‘ noise © lM "I : : as? eee agmt] EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII. Halicornaria baileyi, Bale. Halicornaria furcata, Bale. Halicornaria intermedia, sp. nov. Proximal end of hydrocladium. Halicornaria intermedia, sp. nov. Distal portion of hydrocladium. Halicornaria ureceolifera (Lamarck). ‘he specimen figured is of the maximum width; the hydrocladia are usually narrower, often no wider than those of H. furcata. Halicornaria birostrata, sp. noy,. Figs. 1-6 x 80. | | | | Prave Vil. Woe IW. ENDEAVOUR,” RESULTS “ ZOOL. W. M. Bats, del. re EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII. * Fig. 1. Charonia nodifera, Lamarck, var euclia, Hedley. ZOOL. RESULTS “ENDEAVOUR,” Vor. IL. Puate VIII. ©. Ciurron, photo., Austr. Mus. = ~ : 7 ih Pie oN y \ ae sie MP 14) Y te 4 EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX. Fig. 2. Altivasum aurantiacum, Verco. ZOOL. RESULTS “ENDEAVOUR,” Vot. I. P. CuarkKe, del., Austr. Mus. PLATE x: j = EXPLANATION OF PLATE X. Fig. 3. Ancilla coccinea, Hedley. Fig. 4. Cassidea stadialis, Hedley. ZOOL. RESULTS “ENDEAVOUR,” Vor. II. Prate X. P. CnarKe, del., and C, Churron, photo., Austr, Mus. Fig. 5 Fig. 6 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI. Argobuccinum retiolum, Hedley. Foramelina exempla, Hedley, dorsal aspect; valves closed in natural apposition, and a tuft of byssus protruding from the orifice. Prare XI, ZOOL. RESULTS “ ENDEAVOUR,” Vot. II. C. Cuuttron, photo., Austr, Mus. sey et ee, EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII. Fig. 7. Foramelina erempla, Hedley; exterior. Fig. 8. Interior of the same (right) valve, ZOOL. RESULTS “ENDEAVOUR,” Vor. I. Prate XII. C. Churron, photo., Austr. Mus. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII. Ovynotus bruniensis, Ogilby. ZOOL. RESULTS “ENDHAVOUR,” Vot. II. Brats Xa ae a Sy An FEM ae 0 a © he ee, feo te < A. R,. MeCuntocs#, del., Austr. Mus. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV. Fig. 1, Scymnorhinus licha, Bonnaterre. Fig. 2. Genypterus microstomus, Regan ZOOL RESULTS “BNDEAVOUR,” Vor: II. Prave XIV. A. R. MeCutxocnu, del., Austr. Mus. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV. Squatina tergocellata, sp. nov. Type. ZOOL. RESULTS “ ENDEAVOUR,” Vot. I. Prare XV. A. R. MeCunnocu, del., Austr. Mus. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI. Polyipnus tridentifer, sp. noy, ‘Type. ZOOL. RESULTS “ENDEAVOUR,” Vot. II. A. R. McCunnocu, del., Austr. Mus. PLATE EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII. Neoscopelus macrolepidotus, Johnson. ZOOL. RESULTS “ENDEAVOUR,” Vou. I. Prare XVIU. “ . a « a ey » _ % A? 1 tr, A. R. MeCuuwocnu, del. Austr. Mus. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVIII. Hyperoglyphe johnstonii, Morton. ZOOL. RESULTS “ ENDEAVOUR,” Vor. II. Prare XVIIL. A. R. McCuntocn, photo., Austr. Mus. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX. Hoplostethus gigas, sp. nov. ‘Type. ZOOL. RESULTS “ ENDEAVOUR,” Vot. II. Puare XIX. SEITE ter Fhe Rid eee Ae P. Cruarxe, del., Austr. Mus. ate tah EXPLANATION OF PLATE XX. Plagiogeneion mucrolepis, sp. uov, Type, Puate XX. ZOOL. RESULTS “ ENDEAVOUR,” Vo. II. SOS i ee am Sey P. CuarKke, del., Austr. Mus. eh ms on; eon, : we S os , ie Uh rr. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXI. Pentapus vittau, Quoy & Gaimard. Pus xe ZOOL. RESULTS “ ENDEAVOUR,” Voz. IT. P. CuarKke, del., Austr. Mus. itive A 8 iy ae 7 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXII Vineuluin sevfusetatim, Richardson. ZOOL. RESULTS “ ENDEAVOUR,” Vou. II. Prars XXII. madi Abhena ont P. CharKe, del., Austr. Mus. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIII. Velifer multiradiatus, Regan. ZOOL. RESULTS “ENDEAVOUR,” Vou. II. Prare XXUT. A. R. McCuntocn, del., Austr. Mus. : EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIV. Psendorhombus multimaculatus, Giimther. ZOOL. RESULTS “ENDEAVOUR,” Vor. IL. Puate XXIV. ay ——~ ate, DY ff i P. CuarKE, del., Austr. Mus, EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXV. Pseudorhombus spinosus, sp. nov. Type. ZOOL. RESULTS “ ENDEAVOUR,” Vot. II. Pratey XXV. A. R, MeCuuzocn, del., Austr. Mus. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVI. Ammotretis tudori, sp. nov. Type. ’ . Piare XXVI. ZOOL. RESULTS “ENDEAVOUR,” Vou. II. uLLocH, del., Austr. Mus. x J A. R. Mec EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVII. clinmotretis elongutus, sp. nov. Type. ZOOL. RESULTS “ ENDEAVOUR,” Von, II. Prare XXVIL. \ Thee at Ue ts st & ¢ ce rece i pin ohet hice ate a ok Pi oP opt Oh i er Ue (hy t ye Be t t 4 ck O44 cud £ ce ; PEt ttt Wat ce ts ~ Be , ~ A ‘ ‘ (paren furan éd At WES 3 A. R. McCuntocn, del., Austr. Mus. - 0 an q EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVIII. Fig. l-la. Hoplichthys ogilbyi, sp. nov. Type. Fig. 2-2a. Hlates thompsont, Jordan & Seale. XXVIII. PLATE ZOOL. RESULTS “ ENDEAVOUR,” Vou. II. Mus, A R. McCuntocg, del., Austr, EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIX. Tnsidiator tuberculatus, Cuvier & Valenciennes. ZOOL. RESULTS “ ENDEAVOUR,” Vor. II. Prare XXIX. A, R. MeCuuuocn, del., Austr. Mus, EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXX. Insidiator harrisii, sp, nov. Type. Hig. 4. Fig. Pip “3 jugosus, sp. nov. Type. IPN DOOR, ZOOL. RESULTS “ ENDEAVOUR,” Voz. II. Mus. P. CLARKE, del., Austr. 4 — * ay te i ae ve 1 = EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXX], Insidiator diversidens, sp. nov. Type. BS parilis, sp. nov, Type. ZOOL. RESULTS “ ENDEAVOUR,” Vor, II. P. Cuarke and A R. MeCuntocn, del., Austr. Mus, Prarn XXX, EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXII. Chirolophius laticeps, Ogilby. ZOOL. RESULTS “ENDEAVOUR,” Vor. II. Prare XXXII. A. R. McCuntocnu, del., Austr. Mus. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIII. Halieuteea brevicauda, Ogilby. Brae Xen kool ZOOL. RESULTS “ENDEAVOUR,” Vot. II. Mus. A. R. McCuutocn, del., Austr. SN bec eor Pee ON 7 Wn 4 VAL ; mn At vi caries a r Mg am, 1 - “4 ‘ ‘ ae, a ‘ io. “) 4 - / oe - : a & é ‘ ; ‘ : me : un on A ’ im A A : ees , : Fs A ea ee f : ny a ay i , hb oe hy Nae Pe ee ‘ or! are ,:% mts f ; i te cp ay v i Mid.) 2 | } iy at, Pam) bp ol F vf *) De of & i. ee ay iu Bah, \o a Sl es ' Smee RIMS RE Dat : ~ ay. aie ~ Dea ere! es Cs . a | > 4 i ‘ ¥ - a iw oT all sagt y eee Gow he) u . 7 ia ‘ st = co. t. iy > , : j Pe ‘ KXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIV. Fig. 1. Cepola australis, Ogilby. Fig. 2. Purapercis haacke’, Steindachner. } XX LV, PLATE ZOOL. RESULTS “ENDEAVOUR,” Vor. IT. Mus. Austr. P. CuarKe and A. R, MeCuutocn, del.. NS EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXV. Cryptolaria angulata, sp. nov. Shown without the supplementary tubes which ultimately surround it. Hypopyxis distans, sp. nov. Part of a pinna, with the opereula in various positions. Hypopyexis distans, sp. nov. Part of main stem. Opercula absent. Hypopyxis distans, sp. nov. Back view. Hypopyxis distans, sp. nov. Gonotheca. Plumularia suleata, Lamarck. Gonotheca. Plumularia sulcata, Lamarek. Gonotheca. Figs. 1-7 x 40. ZOOL. RESULTS “ENDEAVOUR.” PLATE XXXY. jaa Fig. “Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. — Gr ~ oe et EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVI. Nemertesia ciliata, sp. nov. Plumularia zygocladia, sp. nov, Halicornaria tubulifera, sp. nov. Halicornaria vege, Jaderholm. Halicornaria vege, Jiderholm. Figs. 1-5 x 80. ZOOL, RESULTS “ ENDEAVOUR.” Pratt XXXVI. xX 80 W. M. Bate, del. call al Jae > ox EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVII. Aglaophenia tenwissima, sp. nov. Aglaophenia tenuissima, sp. nov. Aglaophenia calycifera, sp. nov. Aglaophenia calycifera, sp. nov. Halicornaria urceolifera (Lamarck). Halicornaria urceolifera (Lamarck). Figs. 1-6 x 8&0. ' ZOOL. RESULTS “ ENDEAVOUR.” Prare XXXVII I - , ——— —. — ——— —— cones ze ae Qo W. M. Bats, del. ad EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVIII. Fig. 1. Aglaophenia carinifera, sp. nov. Fig. 2. Aglaophenia carinifera, sp. nov. Fig. 3. Aglaophenia armata, sp. nov. Fig. 4. Aglaophenia armata, sp. nov. Figs. 1-4 x 80. ZOOL. RESULTS “ ENDEAVOUR.” Pratt XXXVIII. W. M. Baus, del, oe synaneaae NAB NAG ef of. hAwe ‘ be A ag wih» RA 9 99) 4 a Dh ut | ‘ea b Lae | oie rs ga atry yin Hy | ur, : % | Uy cisonntagny Mapa 2 sp teehee! Be atethta ay ahvng SNP tty ot vy e TTL on at yet 13D ry ewer 1b qetge” up? 4 We ‘ bid ton |W pba TD 2. Td | ma Biter te SYurtt Mau Redees Ronn. Naan Pa | She: oT MAAGee*MANQUMARe ves guts Ada a0 Ry ag, . Aap a LIV) belie! ts iNew Rasagee tetas e988 vaK* MAS DONS SA oe won Ruby haph Havana "$4 NT si A bLaTT LU Laaaeet Ne N i Trek Shen Ne wo: Vega. aaah SA ae M8 ery Lavy " 5, aa SAB ateag gay raneesr nea Pre en oral) MVuyh MA ~ONN A aN, ivenitata © Ma Sette ec etal (iit grianrersennent BSsorsas ss iti pany yt ee ms aaaag I | Feed |! oY ren ry PERT ADIN peRCoAANEG Mbearteitiane tig Pate rT Ay Wy ~8 5903) EARS pal LINN Aaa AA Waas, sates .! ry Re ins ee aoe senna i, ht teked AL | settee Minnres sana red {TTI LTH dae 7 NUnit canes AMMAN ei) Sas Hs Mus : % 5, dA ret yt a Le mAa, Pt euay ” Niigata sy Tes sd | ghz Ail anhasnar ly nat ana nes me al A a a? Ny Aaaaar Vn Auys ‘a Manansccecmetnaars syne oo» q a e- & ihiebpoicihbbiblede: Tree... | TG m4 MENG olay, Aa... Pw | ob Lk ae aft WP. 2. =. in Pate’ iia. ee P| “h aun gill dagseatonnag? VA ananas* 3225 eee GRC saama a ene hema tn, sub Ue Rare ‘. PEL RASR AS . ahthet 3 EN saa TT ee : hm Saha ann Hasta. Abana t Pe nn anit aaj aneneage an nea Aa in Doli tg L ery ll eaeoeee ~a: vy ' q se aly Ange -abageg?’ on p CSRS OPAL ANAL, samannennnaae: ~S4RQ, - : SINRAN at, al JA wn a i . , fe Bi Na atbanttuen,. aut ey her Aw dh” a a * -~# ‘sap! =~ GRR “ Viddiadl LWA Rppe ~ a cole oewaerwnonir > aha, yan - ie) aa*h pli { —_ \\ : ~ | eae aiaha MCANVAAAA aR tA ARH Mh nantes SS ty | a4 eet Baas é a ald OO a. Pe a Nau LT 4 Kae x " 329 aR} amen -ANSN NNR fy Wy Ye og* i = a: Maa | Vr, f GPApda, s Ayes .F 5 ADANA PARARA Aner AyanrAsancé Aine Baa” a -a2aF Naa-- » eR f “ \, : NAVA A ene “ne BAP, . MAAR FED A ae ol athe ok WE, had 2 . Ahi a, spans” Sane samannsstie in shallbiacietennaliiig Te ertit NY au aA say yp RPPAnnR cheat Ps sadepnes (COO —- AX LA | a las x apart SN Raph ret lel I) | | Pa. ‘aa a oe it ‘ai Meaty Sisennnacanihiade. a. alten a MeN acANNi Maree . ghee’ wip Kar ’ Vien A %> mg hv? abaiadiniatiissiel al CLES yy me valval MARA --aRapanne®” bah WY | stan 28 Mey OPeannininaneiesase® App — ait | Sebel YL PSE ELLE Pe fala vnamnparenNpnctenne sal al AUR eae, tena aA a@ma% ; aL eeh Pee) Ye Ah, "NS Naqaane® ap h aa vA A, ot aete try a. NW EP? Y magaesae LHe pe” a ibe . iV9N\q 4 , YV Any ha PY sAuer? s RAE Ra! AARADe AAA, aRaaynriecr =f si aT TL ip ers wie See. INTIS pina t Ban iis