an AN anh AA An aAAAn Nae Agnes AN A} PR Wale cl An At Ann AY “pAanaaan are OnRA ; g aAnAnnr RAs AIA AA ay Ban lat 4. tat AMuaainnnwnor ae AANA mi AMUN DARA" 22: sae aabRAARARAAAAA, alan Pir\Ann’ RAAR . Ahan NAANAAWANAAY : ON aA hans i Ar A ay ART waa SNR MBE ec ue ca nnnns” Saat 223 RY N’ Asap ; oe = A Ants ANAARAMANAMAA A, e aaa a AAA Pa Aap abies eA j My A AAR pan ae A AAR AAA A a Bien airy) ae : AA MAtay AANA ase NANA aa AAA, ge ee y RAIYAINAAA Sha he. SAAR AAAY 1 Lig A Ee THE ZOOLOGIST FOR 1867. Sreconp SeriEs, pp. 529—1024. LONDON: EDWARD NEWMAN, PRINTER, 9, DEVONSHIRE STREET, BISHOPSGATE, THE ZOOLOGIST: A POPULAR MISCELLANY NATURAL HISTORY. CONDUCTED BY EDWARD NEWMAN, F.L.S., Meme. Imp. L.«C. Acap. SECOND SERIES.—-VOLUME THE SECOND. (OR TWENTY-FIFTH FROM THE €OMMENCEMENT.) LONDON: JOHN VAN VOORST, PATERNOSTER ROW. M.DCCC.LXVIH. O Nature! by impassion’d hearts alone Thy genuine charms are felt; the vulgar mind Sees but the shadow of a power unknown: Thy loftier beauties beam not to the blind And sensual throng, to grovelling hopes resign’d : But they who high and lofty thoughts inspire, Adore thee, in celestial glory shrined, In that diviner fane, where Love’s pure fire Burns bright, and Genius tunes his loud immortal lyre. PRINGLE. If thou art worn and hard beset With sorrows that thou wouldst forget, If thou wouldst read a lesson that will keep Thy heart from fainting and thy soul from sleep, Go to the woods and hills! No tears Dim the sweet look that Nature wears. LoncFELLow. The leaf-tongues of the forest, The flower-lips of the sod, The happy birds that hymn Their rapture in the ear of God. The summer wind that bringeth Music over land and sea, Have each a voice that singeth This sweet sdng of songs to me.— “ The world is full of beauty, Like other worlds above, And if we do our duty, It might be full of love.” Massey. CONTENTS. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. Aston, Epwarp R. Notes on the quadrupeds of Lanark- shire, 667; Greenland seal at Ryde, 754; On the history and habits of the roe-deer, 778; Pilot whales in the Firth of Forth, 801; Notes on the folk-lore of Zoology, 881, 921, 976, 1005; The ‘“‘ wide-awake” tern, 1018 Ancus, W. Craise Honey buzzard in Aberdeenshire, 554 ; Linnets gregarious in summer, and why, 634; Redlegged partridge in Aberdeenshire, 635 Asumeap,G. B. . Little bittern near Henley, 829 Austin, HENRY Dunlins at Kingsbury Reservoir, 829 Bareineton, R. M. Arrival of summer visitants in County Wicklow, 754; Food of the wood pigeon, 758; Rats eating grapes, 987 Becxwiry, R. G. Magpie with yellow beak, 826 Beckwitu, WILLIAM Firecrested wren, Richard’s pipit and velvet scoter in Shropshire, 633 Bett, Tuomas, F.LS. Hawfinch breeding at Selborne, 913; Hawfinch at Selborne, 949 Biackmore, HENRY Bohemian waxwing in Wiltshire, 704 ; Canada goose at Coombe Bissett, 708 Braxe-Knox, Harry A natural history of the kittiwake gull, 548; A natural history of the common gull, 625; Ornithological notes from the County Dublin, 678 Bonp, Frepericr, F.L.S. Water pipit at Brighton, Wood lark at Brighton, 792 Bourton, W. W. Ornithological notes from Beverley, East Yorkshire, 540 Breg, C. R., M.D. What gives a bird a claim to be classed as British ? 789; Habits of the rock pipit, 792; Singular position of a cuckoo’s egg, 914 Briaes, J. J. Little grebe affected by, the ecld, 636 Brices, T. R. ArcHER A young cuckoo in the nest of a meadow pipit, 914 Brown, Joun A. Harvie Ornithological notes from Falkirk, 554; Gadwall shot on the Tay, Bald- headed eagle in Achill, 562 ; Rabbits breeding in January, Roughlegged buzzard in Dumfriesshire, 604 ; Waxwings in Peebleshire, 606; Or- nithological notes from Stirlingshire, 608, 637; Kite in Stirlingshire, 632; Goosander and other birds on the Firth, 636; Magpie with a yellow beak, 706, 877; Extracts from a journal of a nesting tour in Suther- land in 1867, 851; Varieties of birds’ eggs, 875; Scaup duck breeding in Britain, 878; Collected observations on the birds of Stirlingshire, 884, 989; Varieties in birds’ eggs, 911; Albino titmouse, 913; Curlew sand- piper, &c., at Grangemouth, 950; Notes on Newman’s ‘ Birdsnesting,’ 987; India-rubber boat, 1014 Botier, WALTER, F.LS. Notes on the genus Deinacrida in New Zealand, 849; Sparrows wanted in New Zealand, 913 Buxton, E. C. Tanthina fragilis in Dingle Bay, 954 Buxton, T. F. Storm petrel at Cromer, 992 Crark-KENNEDY, ALEXANDER Snow bunting at Hunstanton, 559; Waxwings near Woolwich, 561; White linnets, 606; Plumage of the oystercatcher, 607; Notes on _the Mammalia of Berkshire and Buck- inghamshire, 631, 701; Variety of the blackbird, 633; Ornithological notes from Buckinghamshire, 637 ; A large pike, 638; Siskin in Buck- inghamshire, Canaries breeding in January, 705; Varieties of chaf- finch’s and other British birds’ eggs, Curious fact connected with the brambling, 706; Goosander in Wilt- shire, 709; Cat and squirrels, 753 ; Vari-coloured eyes in the dog and the horse, 7883 Early arrival of swallows and martins, 827; Lam- preys in the Thames near Windsor, 836; Martins “building-in” a sparrow, 915; Instinct in the swan, 916; Young lark feeding other young ones, 949; Greenshank and wood sandpiper near Aldeburgh, Curlew sandpiper near Aldeburgh, 950; Curious position of nests, 951; Variety of the perch, 954; Early arrival of fieldfares,989; Late swift, 990; Pigmy curlew at Aldeburgh, 991; Ornithology of Berks and Bucks, 1014; Swallows and martins dying from cold, Dates of the de- parture of immigrants for 1867, 1015; Lesser spotted woodpecker _ near Windsor, 1016 Cc.rwrton, Lord Peregrine falcon in Kent, 631; Red- headed puchard in Kent, 636; Query respecting gulls in Kent, 637; Savi’s warbler (?), plover and lesser spotted woodpecker in Bucks, 704; Wood lark in Kent, 705; Hawfinches nest- ing in Kent, 793; Hobby in Kent, 948; Buzzards in Kent, 948, 989; Whitewinged partridge, 950; Va- rieties of birds, 987; Late green- finch’s nest, 989; A strange trap for swallows, Martins and wagtails, 990 Croce, STEPHEN Remarkable shot, 605; Black redstart at Looe, 606; Arrival of immigrants at Looe, 874; Common buzzard at Looe, 948; Late yellowhammer’s nest, Great spotted woodpecker caught in a trap, 949; Great north- ern diver at Looe, 951 Corzinewoop, Dr. Curnsent, F.L.S. The lizards of Labuan, 952 ; Ascension — “Wide-awake Fair” and the turtle ponds, 979 Cooker, NicHoLas Lapland bunting in Lancashire, 558 vi CorpeEaux, JoHN Ornithological notes from North Lin- colnshire, 546, 589, 690, 807, 943; Notes on the Ornithology of the English Lakes, 865; Notes from Flamborough, 1008 Cornisu, THoMAs Scyllarus arctus near Penzance, 563; Silvery hair-tail in Mount’s Bay, 793; Scyllarus arctus on the North Coast of Cornwall, 878; Allice shad in Mount’s Bay, 916; Notes ofa stay at Prussia Cove, 961; Redthroated diver netted at Penzance, 992; Enormous lobster, Gibbs’ spider crab at Penzance, 1018 Crewe, Rev., H. Harpur, M.A. The harvest monse and the cockroaches, 553; Instance of fearlessness in the blackeap, 558 Cricuton, Artuur W., F.LS. Blackthroated diver at Wickham, Hants, 608 Crotcu, W. D., M.A. A reindeer hunt, 784 Crow ey, Paixipe Young hawfinch at Alton in June, 876 Devis, Cuaries W. Hybridity in water-fowl, 830 Dosree, N. F. Pied wagtails near Hornsea in January, 634; Smews from Holland, 636 Dovusiepay, HENRY The willow grouse and red grouse, 707 Dresser, H. E. List of birds noticed in East Finmark, with a few short remarks respecting some of them, by Ch. Sommerfeldt, parish priest of Nesseby (transla- tion), 692, 761; Notes on the breed- ing of the booted eagle, 803 Dutton, Joun Guillemot and razorbill near East- bourne, 759; Peregrine falcon breed- ing at Beachy Head, 791; Snow bunting at Eastbourue, 792; Kitti- wake at Eastbourne, 793 Farren, WILLIAM Little owl near Cambridge, 791 Fe1.pen, Captain H. W. Nesting of the peregrine falcon, 702; Eggs of ring ouzel and blackbird, 703; Nesting of the blackthroated diver, 710; Dates of oviposition this year, 754; Nesting of the dipper, 755 ; Early nesting of the kingfisher, 757; Nesting of the peregrine in Stirlingshire, 790; Breeding of the blackheaded gull at Pilling Moss, Lancashire, 832; Discovery of red deer-horns and other animal remains in the bed of the River Ribble, with some account of the ancient denizens of the forests of Blackburnshire and Bowland, 1001; Spotted crake on Longridge, 1017 Fu.rorp, J. L. Lancpon Hen swallowing a slow-worm, 950 Furneaux, ALAN Sabine’s gull in Cornwall, 608 Garrett, GARRETT Bohemian waxwing at Witheringsett, Suffolk, 633 Goattey, THomas Little stint and little gull at Leicester, 991 Gopericp, Lord Crossbill at Ripon, 793 Gorpon, CHARLES Labrador badger in Kent—Abundance of badgers in Kent, 787 GRrEENWooD, HERBERT Gulls vomiting their Double bird’s nest, 789 GrirritH, J. R. Bluethroated warbler off the Norfolk coust, 1014 Gunn, T. E. Notes on the Mammalia of Norfolk, 553; Bohemian waxwing in Nor- folk and Suffolk, 663; Richard’s pipit, shore lark and wood lark in Norfolk, 634; Curious abnormal growth of feathers in a woodpecker’s tail, 707; Ferruginous duck in Nor- folk, Rednecked and Sclavonian grebes and great northern diver in Norfolk, 709; The black guillemot, an addition to the list of Norfolk birds, 710; Blue and white varieties of British bird’s eggs, 754; Food of great spotted woodpecker, 757; The smew, green sandpiper, &c., in Suf- folk, 759; Ichthyology of Norfolk, 760; Parasitical worms in. the stomachs of the common guillemot and cormorant, 795; Osprey in Nor- folk, 823; Nesting of the redstart in curious situations, 824; Summer mi- grants, &c., near Norwich, 873; Puf- fins on the Norfolk coast, 878; Hob- by near Norwich, Varieties of kestrel’s eggs, 948 ; Variation in the plumage of the green woodpecker, Variety of the silver pheasant, 950; Puffin on food, 711; Vii the Norfolk coast, 951; Buffon’s skua on the Norfolk coast, Piebald variety of the common skua, Storm petrel in Norfolk,£992; The gray phalarope in Norfolk, ;Peacock with white wings, 1016 Gurney, J. H. Note on the occurrence of quails near Belfast, 607; Unusualjoccurrencelof the smew, 608; Black redstart at Dawlish, 703; Note on the voracity ‘of the Bornean crocodile, 878; Re- paration of a maimed bill in the chough, 1015; Little gulljat,Flam- borough Head, Iceland gull in Ork- ney, and Tithys redstart at Mine- head, 1018 Guyon, GrorcE Whales off the Isle of Wight, 554; Curative powers of the tench, 563 HanFiep, Captain Henry Greenland seal near Ryde, 700; Orni- thological notes from the Isle of Wight, 732, 819, 908, 985; Correc- tion of an error—the gray seal, 787 ; Fleas in Southern India, 837 Hartine, James Epmonp, F.L.S The birds of Shakespeare, 530, 649; A review of systems, 584; Goshawk in Ireland, 632, 703; An inquiry into the nature and properties of the swallow-stone and swallow’s-berb, 744; Stock doves breeding in a church, 758; Occurrence of two rare land shells in Sussex, 760; Toad- stones, 835; Occurrence of Sylvia aquatica for the second time, so far as is known, in England, 946; The distinguishing characters of some nearly-allied species of British birds, 965 Hawker, Freperic A. Purple gallinule in Hampshire, 829; Gray phalarope at Shoreham 561 Hensman, Henry P. Rare birds in Northamptonshire, 555 ; Egyptian goose near Northampton, 831 Hesse, B. Creamcoloured sand martin, 561 Hewirtson, W. C., F.L.S. Siskin at Oatlands, 705; Breeding of the kingfisher, 707 Hoorer, Wituiam T. Tufted pochard on the River Lea, 709 Hurcuinson, Marraew Arrival of summer birds at Shooter's Hill and neighbourhood, 814 Vill Jerrery, J. D., F.R.C.S. The fate of piebalds and rare birds, 959 JEFFERY, W., jun. Ornithological notes from West Sussex, 596, 730, 811; Wood lark in West Sussex, 756 Jenkinson, Rev. J. H., M.A. Great gray shrike, 555; shrikes, 605 JESsE, W. Redwinged starling near Liphook, 913; Cuckoo placing her egg in the nest by means of her bill, 914; Quail nesting in Essex, Green sandpiper near Ingatestone, Essex, 915 Kine, Mrs. S. Late swallow’s nest, 606 Kiresy, H. T. M. Abundance of the cuckoo at Mayfield, 829 Lecer, W. Vincent, F.Z:S. Oological notes from South-East Essex, 599; Ornithology of the Firth of Cromarty, 670, 831 Maruew, G. F., R. N., F.LS. Snow bunting at Sea, 559; Magpie with yellow beak, 1016 Maraew, Rev. Murray A., M.A. Bee-eater at Stapleton, near Bristol, 561; Gray phalarope at Barnstaple, 562; Capture of swifts by hook and line, 827; Egyptian goose at Barn- staple, 831 ; Sabine’s gull at Weston- super-Mare, 992 ; Spoonbill on Nor- tham Burrows and black redstart at Barnstaple, 1017 Maw, GEoRGE Rats on the coast, 822 Mawson, GEorGE Hare feeding on hawthorn-berries, 604; Beautiful variety of the field- fare, 633; Badger at Cockermouth, 822 May, J. W. Life-histories of sawflies, translated from the Dutch of M.S. C. Snellen van Vollenhoven, 639 Monk, T. J Great snipe and other rare birds near Brighton, 1017 Moor, E. Cuar.es Nesting of the nuthatch, 559; Omi- thological notes from Aldeburgh, 822; Swallows and martins picked up dead at Aldeburgh, 990; Storm petrel at Aldeburgh, 992 Our gray Mutter, ALBERT Are blue-bottle flies distasteful to bats ? 911 Morton, JAMES Vipers and toads, 836 Newman, Enwarp, F.LS., F.Z.S8., &c. Visit of the Bobemian waxwing, 560; Waxwings,561; Letters on variation in Lepidoptera, 721, 841; Death of the Rev. Hamlet Clark, 840; Star- vation of Birds, 911; Cuckoos at Peckham, 914; Mackerel in the Boulogne aquarium, 954 Newron, Professor ALFRED Magpie with a yellow beak, 757, 913 Noreate, Major T. F. Notes of a Naturalist in India, 993 Norman, GrEorGE Curious processes in the tail of the redwing, 606; The willow grouse and red grouse perching, 607; Red grouse and willow grouse, 758 Prant, JOHN Swallows at Salford, 1015 Power, F. D. Siskins during the first week in March, 825; Extraordinary flock of wood ge ly at Raidhiga, Kent, 991 Power, W. Redshank in breeding plumage in January, 708; Gulls in Kent, 710; Early appearance of jack snipe, 1016 Ranson, JoHN Pied wagtail wintering in North York- shire, 875 Ricuarpson, Marcus Number of eggs laid by the swift, 990 Roserts, GEorGE Anecdote of the horse, Rats and mice, 553; Nesting of the song thrush, Nesting of the flycatcher, 557; Nesting of the cole tit, 560; Toad- stones and eagle-stones, 707; Dates of arrival of the summer migrants near Wakefield in 1867, 822; Gray- headed wagtail near Norwich, 824; White eggs of the yellowhammer, 825; Nesting of the peregrine in Yorkshire, 947: Yorkshire haunts of the pied flycatcher, 949 Ropp, Epwarp HearLe Merlin in Scilly, The two great gray British shrikes, 555 ; Cornish speci- mens of the jerfalcon and redfooted falcon, 605; The lesser gray shrike, 703; Little bittern in Cornwall, 759 ; Hoopoe near Helston, Corn- wall, 793; Golden oriole at Scilly, 825; Little bitten near the Lizard, Parple crested heron near the Lizard, 829; Squacco heron, 830; Hybrid black grouse on Bodmin Moors, 991; Autumnal migration at Scilly, 1014; Surf scoter and firecrested regulus at Scilly, 1017 Rogers, Henry Rock thrush, hoopoe and pied fly- catcher in the Isle of Wight, 823 ; Rock thrush at Freshwater, in the Isle of Wight, Ortolan bunting and curlew sandpiper in the Isle of Wight, 912 WLEY, GEorGE Dawson, M.A., F.L.S. Shore larks in Suffolk, 560; Nesting of the kingfisher, 827; Hawfinches’ nests and eggs, 989 Saunpegs, Howarp, F.Z.S. A birdsnesting trip to the north of Treland, 609 Saxsy, Henry L., M.D. Ornithological notes from Shetland,537, 688 ; Food of the wood pigeon, 561 SxHorto, James, jun. Great snipe near Dorchester, 608; Pied wagtails in January, 704; Bitterns near Dorchester, 708 ; The bunting a bird of Shakespeare, 756 ; Golden and green plovers, 759 Smeg, A. H. Arctic tern near Gravesend, Skua on the Thames, 1017; Sandwich tern at Whitby, 1018 Smita, Crcin Purple sandpiper, little gull and Fulmar petrel on the South Coast of Devon, 562; Redthroated diver and Norfolk plover in Somerset and Devon, 760 ; Lesser tern at Taunton, Sandwich tern and snow bunting at Exmouth, 832 Stevenson, Henny, F.L.S. Ornithological notes from Norfolk, 593, 727,871,1012; Rock pipit in Norfolk, 876; Whitewinged black tern in Norfolk, 951 Srusss, Caanzes E. Little auk, &c., at Henley-on-Thames, 710; A large otter, 822; Bramblings at Henley-on-Thames, 825; Lap- wings at Henley-on-Thames, 829 SwEETAPPLE, EpwaRD Large sturgeon in the Severn, 836; Large salmon in the Severn and Wye, 916 Tuomson, WILLIAM Helix obvoluta and Clausilia Rolphii, Clausilia biplicata, 837; Rudevisch, 916 Tristram, Rev. H. B., M.A. Bergylt near Hartlepool, 638 Wetrr, J. JENNER Lapland bunting at Lewisham, Snow bunting on Blackheath, 705 ; Scarlet bullfinch in Sussex, 877 West, Epwarp Does the yellow wagtail always mi- grate; Black sky lark, 705 Wuarton, Cuar.es B. Rock pipit inland, 558; Ring ouzel in Middlesex in March, 755 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUBJECTS. Accentor modularis, 766 Adjutant, 834 Alauda alpestris; 766 » arvensis, zd. Alca impennis, 776 Anas acuta, 777 », clangula, 773, 776 9» crecca, 777 » fuligula, 773 y fusca, 774 » glacialis, 774, 776 3 leucophthalmos, 773 » Imarila, id. » Wollissima, 775 » nigra, 777 » Penelope, 773, 777 Anas spectabilis, 775 3 Stellari, 774 Anastomus oscitans, 834 Anecdote of the horse, 553 Anisomorpha buprestoides 715 Anser cinereus, 773 » leucopsis, id. » minutus, 775 » torquatus, 773 Ant, white, 993 Anthus cervinus, 765 9 rupestris, id. Aquila fulva, 761 Argynnis Lathonia, note on the appear- ance of, 568 Arrivals, spring, 812 Ascension, Island of, 979 Astur palumbarius, 762 Auk, little, 675, 690, 738, 906, 1013; in the West of England, 6375 at Heuley- on-Thames, 710 Avocet in the County Cork, 635; Weymouth, 759 Badger, 631, 668; at Cockermouth, 822 ; Labrador, in Kent, 787 Badgers, abundance of in Kent, 787 Bat, 667, 881; longeared, 667 Bats, are plue- bottle flies distasteful to? “OH Bear, sea, death of, 701; brown, 883 Bee-eater at Stapleton, near Bristol, 561 Bergylt near Hartlepool, 638 Bird-breeders, a day among at the Pvint of Air, 924 Bird, British, what gives a claim to be classed as a? 755, 789; blue, the bonny wee, 823 Bird’s nest, double, 789 «Birds of Norfolk, 747 Birds of Shakespeare, 529, 649 Birds, rare, in Northamptonshire, 555; power of imitation in, 598; list of, noticed in East Finmark, 692, 761; British, blue and white varieties of eggs of, 754; summer, arrival of at Shooter's Hill and neighbourhood, 814; list of noticed in West Suther- land, 860; varieties of eggs of, 875, 911; of Stirlingshire, collected obser- vations on the, 884, 989; starvation of, 911; of Scandinavia, 951; piebald and rare, fate of, 959; British, distinguish- ing characters of some nearly-allied species of, 965; varieties of, 987 Birdsnesting trip to the North of Ireland, 609 Bittern, 595, '732, 820, 900; near Ipswich, 634; in Yorkshire, 635; litile, in Cornwall, 759; near the Lizard, 829; near Henley, zd. Bitterns near Dorchester, 708 Blackbird, variety of, 633; migration of, 683; pied,686; nest and eggs of, 889 Blackcap, instance of fearlessness in the, 558 Boar, wild, 979 Boat, India-rubber, 1014 Bombycilla garrula, 764 Brambling, curious fact connected with the, 706 Bramblings near Eccleshall, 634; at Henley-on-Thames, 825; near Nor- wich, 871 Bullfinch, abundanee of in Dublin in 1866, 685; scarlet (’) in Sussex, 877 near Buntiug a bird of Shakespeare, 756 Bunting, Lapland, in Lancashire, 558; at Lewisham, 705; snow, at sea, 559; at Hunstanton, id.; near the Humber, 591; in North Lincolnshire, 691; on Blackheath, 705; at Eastbourne, 792 ; at Exmouth, 832; in Stirlingshire, 892; blackheaded, id.; ortolan, in the Isle of Wight, 912 Bustard, great, at Horsey, Norfolk, 635 Buteo lagopus, 761 Buzzard, honey, 545, 908,912; in Aber- deenshire, 554: common, 589, 597, 866, 886, 909; at Love, 948; rough- legged, in Dumfriesshire, 604 Buzzards in Kent, 948, 989 Calidris arenaria, 769 Calosoma Curtisii, 646 Canaries breeding in January, 705 Canine fecundity, 910 Capercallie, 897 Cat and squirrels, 753 Cat, wild, 921 Cattle, wild white, 669 Cerapterus Macleayii, 646 Cetacea and seals, 923 Chaflfinch, 591, 686, 892 Charadrins helveticus, 769 Chiffchaff, 890, 968 Chough, Cornish, 678; reparation of a maimed beak in the, 1015 Chrysalides, remarks on the coloration of, 1020 Ciconia nigra, 872 Cimbex lateralis, 639 Cinclus aquaticus, 765 Cirl and yellow bunting, 971 Clark, Rev. Hamlet. M,A., F.LS., ‘Letters Home from Spain, Algeria and Brazil, during past Entomological Rambles,’ 997; death of, 840 Clausilia biplicata, 837 » Rolphii, id. Columba livia, 535 > turtur, 768 Colymbus arcticus, 775 Coot, 603, 902 Cormorant, 540, 594, 666, 676, 871, 906, 1014; has not the white leg at Christ- mas, 688; parasitical worms in the stomach of, 795 Corvus pica, 763 Crab, Gibbs’ spider, at heat 1018 Crake, spotted, 597; curn, migration and hybernation of, 678; in North Lincoln- shire, 943; little, and Baillon’s, 974; spotted, in Lancashire, 1017 Creeper, 895 Crocodile, Bornean, voracity of the, 878 Crossbill, 539, 872, 893; parrot, 543; common, 545; at Ripon, 793 Crow, hooded, 537, 548, 894; nesting in Norfolk, 1012; carrion, 600, 894 Cuckoo, 529, 895, 909; colouring of eggs of, 828; abundance of at May- field, 829; young, in the nest of a meadow pipit, 914; at Peckham, ?d.; singular position of egg of, id.; egg placed in the nest by means of the bill of, id. Cuckow’s eggs, colouring of, 828 Curlew, 675, 900; pigmy, at Aldeburgh, 991 Deer, red, 978; discovery of the horns of, and other animal remains, in the bed of the River Ribble, 1001 Deinacrida heteracantha, 849 “f megacephala, 850 A thoracica, id. Deinacrida, notes on the genus in New Zealand, 849 Dipper, 750, 887; nesting of the, 755 Diver, great northern, 596, 675, 819, 905; in Norfolk, 709; at Looe, 951; black- _ throated, at Wickham, Hants, 608; in Dublin Bay, 686; nesting of, 710; on Loch Lomond, 905; redthrvated, 675, 739, 743, 819, 905; migration and powers of flight of, 680; no “ red- throat” in winter, 681; no “ redthroat” till two years old, 682; scarcity of in Dublin Bay at the end of 1866, zd.; in Somerset and Devon, 760; netted at Penzance, 992 Divers, 597 Dog and horse, vari-coloured eyes in, 788 Dotterel, 808, 870; ringed, 945 Dove, turtle, 543, 649, 689, 985; ring, 597, 732, 897; stock, 742 Doves, stock, breeding in a church, 758 Duck, wild, 664, 691, 904; longtailed, 674 ; in Dublin Bay, 686; scaup, 674 ; breeding in Britain, 878; ferruginous, in Norfolk, 709; shoveiler, in the South of Ireland, 708; tufted, 742 Dunlin, 539, 598, 692, 902; variation in length of bill of, 813 Dunlinvs at Kingsbury Reservoir, 829 Eagle, whitetailed, 537; baldheaded, in Achill, 562; sea, 729, 885; bovted, notes on the breeding of, 803; golden, 884 Eagles, golden and whitetailed, 966 Egg of cuckoo, singular position of, 914; ine in the nest by means of the bill, ad. X1 Eggs of ring ouzel and blackbird, 703; of British birds, varieties of, 706, 875 ; blue and white varieties of, 754; white varieties of, 823; white, of yellow- hammer, 825; of cuckoo, colouring of, 828; of swift, the number laid, 915, 990; kestrel’s, varieties of, 948; and nests, of hawfinches, 989 Elk, 978 Emberiza citrinella, 767 » _ lapponica, zd. rf rustica, id. Entomological Society, proceedings of, 564, 569, 643, 711, 796, 838, 879, 1018 Falco gyrfalco, 761 » lithofalco (salon), 762 » peregrinus, zd. Falcon, peregrine, 539, 735, 821, S66, 885; in Kent, 631; nesting of, 702; nesting of in Stirlingshire, 790; breed- ing at Beachy Head, 791; nesting of in Yorkshire, 947; redfooted, Cornish specimens of, 605 Falcons, Greenland and Iceland, 966; and hawks, 1005 Fecundity, canine, 910 Fieldfare, 740, 888; beautiful variety of, 633 Fieldfares, early arrival of, 989 Finch, mountain, 540, 892 Fish, Mr. Kirby’s, 856 Flamborough, notes from, 1008 Fleas in Southern India, 837 Flies, starlings hawking for, 593; blue- bottle, are they distasteful to bats? 911 Flycatcher, nesting of the, 557; pied, 542, 867; in the Isle of Wight, 823; Yorkshire haunts of, 949; spotted, 734, 867, 887, 985 Food of wood pigeon, 561, 593, 685, 758; of great spotted wuodpecker, 757 Fowl, wild, 731, 735 Fox, 668, 922 Fringilla canescens, 768 » domestica, id. » flavirostris, id. Fulica atra, 770 Gadwall shot on the Tay, 562; on the Firth of Forth, 964 Gallinule, purple, in Hampshire, 829 Gnnet, 541, 739, 906 Garganey, 904 Garrulus infaustus, 763 Geese, gray, 974 Goatsucker, 897 Gudwit, 809; blacktailed, 538 Xi Goldcrest and firecrest, 969 Goldeneye, 674, 905; at Eastbourne, 636 Goldfinch, 892 Goosander, 595; in Wiltshire, 709; in the South of Ireland, id.; and other birds on the Firth, 636 Goose, 659; pinkfooted, 592; Egyptian, in Yorkshire, 636; at Barnstaple, 831 ; near Northampton, id.; in Stirlingshire, 903; bean, 673, 902; brent, 673, 903; Canada, at Coombe Bissett, 708; on Loch Lomond, 908; at Aldeburgh, 916; graylag, 902; bernicle, 903 Goshawk in Ireland, 632, 703 Graculus carbo, 775 » cristatus, id. Grallatores, 677 Grebe, little, 603, 689, 905; affected by cold, 636; rednecked, in Norfulk, 709 ; on the Firth of Forth, 905; Sclavonian, in Norfolk, 709; on Loch Lomond, 905 Greenfinch, 594; late nest of, 989 Greenshank, 907; near Aldeburgh, 950 Grouse, willow and red, perching, 607; specific identity of, 707, 758; black, 898; red,id.; Pallas’s sand, id.; hybrid black, on Bodmin Moors, 991 Grus cinerea, 769 Guillemot, black, 538, 545; in Norfolk, 710; bridled or ringed, 542; common, parasitical worms in the stomach of, 795 Guillemot, in summer plumage in De- cember, 686; near Eastbourne, 759, Gurney, J. H., jun., ‘A Summary of the Occurrences of the Gray Phalarope in Great Britain in 1866, 917 Gull, 666; Sabine’s, 543; little, 545, 595 ; lesser blackbacked, 547, 672, 907, 910; kittiwake, natural history of, 548; Sa- bine’s, in the neighbourhood of Ply- mouth, 557; in Cornwall, 608, 710; at Weston-super-Mare, 992; little, on the South coast of Devon, 562; at Eastbourne, 636; at Aldeburgh, 916; at Leicester, 991; at Flamborough Head, 1018; blackheaded, 596, 673, 907; breeding of at Pilling Moss, Lancashire, 832; common, 672, 739, 907; natural history of, 625; its habits, id.; nidification of, 629; its food and cry, 630; flight, resting, swimming, id.; glaucous, 671; Iceland, 671; in Orkney, 1018; great blackbacked, 672, 907; herring, 672; Buonaparte’s, 906; brownheaded, 945 Gulls, 692; vomiting their food, 711 Gulls in Kent, query respecting, 637; reply thereto, 710; masked, Iceland and glaucous, near Scarborough, 637 Hair-tail, silvery, in Mount’s Bay, 793 Hare, feeding on hawthorn-berries, 604; alpine, 669; common, 669, 977 Harrier, hen, in the West of England, 637; in Stirlingshire, 887; Montagu’s, 912; hen, 1006 Hawfinch, young, at Alton, in June, 876 ; at Selborne, 913, 949 Hawfinches nesting in Kent, 792; nests anid eggs of, 989 Hawk, night, 985 Hedgehog, 631, 668, 881 Helix obvoluta, 837 Hen swallowing a slow-worm, 950; a sagacious, 991 Heron, 655, 899; purplecrested, near the Lizard, 829; squaceo, 830; at Wey- mouth, 915 Hirundo riparia, 764 » Tustica, id. 3 urbica, id. Hobby, 593; in Kent, 948; neai Nor- wich,id.; orangelegged, near Aberdeen, 702 Hooper, 903 Hoopoe, 597, 737, 872; near Helston, Cornwall, 793; in the Isle of Wight, 823 Horse, anecdote of the, 553; and dog, vari-coloured eyes in, 788 Hybridity in water-fowl, 830 Tanthina fragilis in Dingle Bay, 954 Ibis, shell, 834 Ichthyology of Norfolk, 760 Immigrants, arrival of at Looe, 874; dates of the departure of for 1867, 1018 Jackdaw, 740, 820, 89-4 Jay, 894 Jerfalcon, Cornish specimen of, 605 Kestrel, 732, 886, 1006; varieties of eggs of, 948 Kestrels breeding in confinement, 702 Kingfisher, 533, 895; breeding of, 707; early nesting of, 757; nesting of, 827 Kite in Stirlingshire, 632, 886 Kittacincla macroura, 825 Kittiwake, 673, 739; at Eastbourne, 793 Knot, 809, 901 Lampreys in the Thames near Windsor, 836 Landrail in January, 636 Lapwing, 602, 654, 754 Lapwings at Henley-on-Thames, 829 Laride, British, 625 Xill Lark, shore, 541, 595, 729; in Suffolk, 560; near Great Yarmouth, 633; in Norfolk, 634; sky, 595,740, 891; wood, in Norfolk, 634; in Kent, 705; near Cromer, 729; in West Sussex, 756; at Brighton, 792; in Stirlingshire, 891 ; sky, black, 705; young, feeding other young ones, 949 Larks, sky and wood, 970 Larus argentatus, 771 - 9» canus, td. » eburveus, zd. » fuscus, id. » glaucus, zd. 3) _ leucopterus, id. » marinus, id. » tridactylus, id. Lemming, 977 Lepidoptera, letters on variation in, 721, 841; sexual variation — disparity in size, 724; of form and colour, 726; . alternation of generations, 841 Leptoptilos argala, 834 Lestris catarrhactes, 772 » crepidata, zd. » parasitica, id. »» pomarina, id. ‘Letters Home from Spain, Algeria and Brazil, during past Entomological Rambles,’ 997 Limosa rufa, 770 Linnet, green, 734; mountain, 869, 893 Linnets, white, 606; gregarious in sum- mer, and why, 634 Lizards of Labuan, 952 _ Lobster, enormous, 1018 Locusts, a flight of, 795 Loxia curvirostra, 768 Machetes pugnax, 770 Mackerel in the Boulogne aquarium, 917, 954; in aquaria, 954 Magpie, with a yellow beak, 706, 757, 826, 877, 913, 1016; in Stirlingshire, 894 Mammalia of Norfolk, 553; of Berkshire and Buckinghamshire, 631, 701 Marmot, alpine, 976 Martin, 534, 808, 819, 820, 896, 985, 987; sand, creamcoloured, 561; white, 680; sand, 897 Martins and swallows, 594; early arrival of, 827; picked up dead at Aldeburgh, 990; aud wagtails, zd.; dying from cold, 1015 Martins “ building-in” a sparrow, 915 Mastodon skeleton, perfect, 702 Meles labradorica, 787 Merganser, redbreasted, on the Bandon River, 636; on the Firth of Forth, 905 Mereus serrator, 776, 777 Merlin in Scilly, 555; near Cromer, 872 ; in Stirlingshire, 886 Mice, shrew, 701 Migrants, antumn and winter, arrival of, 594; summer, dates of arrival of near Wakefield in 1867, 822; near Nor- wich, 873 Migration, autumnal, at Scilly, 1014 Migrations, 730 Moa, 638 Mole, 668, 702, 882 Mole-rat, 977 Moorhen, 604, 902 Motacilla borealis, 765 Mouse, common, variety of, 631; field, 668, 701; house, 668 Mouse’s store, 789 Muscicapa atricapilla, 765 3 grisola, id. Narwhal, 924 ‘ Natural History of the Tineina,’ 919 Naturalist, notes of a, in India, 993 Nature, curious freak of, 541 Nest of song thrush, 557; of flycatcher, id.; of nuthatch, 559; of cole tit, 560; of swallow, late, 606; of peregrine falcon, 702, 790, 947; of the dipper, 755; of kingfisher, 757; of hawfinch, 793; of meadow pipit, young cuckoo in, 914; of quail, 915; late, of yellow- hammer, 949; late, of greenfinch, 989 Nesting of the redstart in curious situa- tions, 824; of the kingfisher, 827; of woodcocks, 872 Nesting tour in Sutherland, extracts from a journal of in 1867, 851 Nests, curious position of, 951; and eggs, hawfinches’, 989 Newman’s ‘ Birdsnesting, notes on, 987 Nightingale, 819 Nuthatch, nesting of the, 559 Oological notes from South-East Essex, 599 Oriole, golden, at Scilly, 825 Ornithological notes from Shetland, 537, 688; from Beverley, East Yorkshire, 540; from North Lincolnshire, 546, 589, 690, 807, 943; from Falkirk, 554; from Norfolk, 593, 727, 871, 1012; from West Sussex, 596, 730, 811; from Stirlingshire, 608, 637; from Bucking- hamshire, 637; from the County Dub- lin, 678; from the Isle of Wight, 732, 819, 908, 985; from Aldeburgh, 822 Ornitholozy, letters on, 548, 625; of the Firth of Cromarty, 670, 831; of the English Lakes, 865; of Berks and Bucks, 1014 Xiv Orthotomus longicauda, 826 Osprey, 597, 689, 885; in Norfolk, 823, 872; near Cork, 912 Otter, 553, 668, 701, 884; diseased, 553 ; large, 822 Oviposition, dates of this year, 754 Ouzel, ring, 542, 689, 750, 820, 868, 889; in Middlesex in March, 755; and blackbird, eggs of, 703; water, 1006 Owl, shorteared, 589,887; barn, 601,749, 887, 912; longeared, 748, 887; little, 967; near Cambridge, 791; tawny, 812, 887; fern, 869, 946; snowy, 912 Owls, 1006; breeding in confinement, 949 Oystercatcher, 675, 812, 899; plumage of, 607 Oyster fisheries of New South Wales, 956 Pandion halixétus, 761 Partridge, 652, 740, 743, 898, 910, 985, 986; redlegged, in Aberdeenshire, 635 ; whitewinged, 950 Parus ater, 778 » borealis, id. » sibiricus, 766 Pastor, rosecoloured, in Wales, 949; in _ Norfolk, 1012 Peacock with white wings, 1016 Peewit, 743, 812, 899 Perch, variety of the, 954 Petrel, Fulmar, on the South coast of Devon, 562; forktailed, 598; at Yar- mouth, 916; storm, in Norfolk, 992, my at Cromer, 992; at Aldeburgh, id. Phalarope, rednecked, 539; gray, 540, 593, 596, 735, 738, 739, 1014; at Shoreham, 561; at Barnstaple, 562; autumn moult of, 683; in Norfolk, 1016 Phalaropus rufus, 770 Pheasant, 897; Pukras, 833; silver, va- riety of, 950 Pieris Pyrrha, monstrous individual of, 571 Pigeon, 535; wood, 546, 690; food of, 561, 593, 758; food and destructive- ness of, 685; rock, 677 Pigeons, 972 ‘Pigeons, their Structure, Habits and . Varieties,’ 929 Pike, large, 638 Pipit, rock, 540, 891; inland, 558; ha- bits of, 792; in Norfolk,876; Richard’s, in Shropshire, 633; near Great Yar- mouth, id.; in Norfolk, 634, 729; meadow, 733, 869; young cuckoo in the nest of, 914; water, at Brighton, 792; tree, 869, 891 Pipits, meadow and tree, 970 Plover, golden, 539, 548, 590, 690, 759, 870, 899; gray, 541, 809; green, 548, 590, 690, 759; ringed, 598; Norfolk, in Somerset and Devon, 760 Plovers, golden and gray, 972; ringed and little ringed, id. Pochard, 674, 904; redheaded, in Kent, 636; tufted, on the River Lea, 709 Podiceps arcticus, 776 Polecat, 553, 668, 701 Procellaria glacialis, 771 Prussia Cove, notes of a stay at, 961 Ptarmigan, 898 Puerasia macrolopha, 833 Puffin, 872, 906 Puffins on the Norfolk coast, 878, 951 Pyrrbula erythrina, 768 Quadrupeds of Lanarkshire, 667 Quail, 540, 545, 653, 730, 898, 909; in winter, 635; nesting in Essex, 915 Quails near Belfast, 607 Rabbit, 669 Rabbits breeding in January, 604 Rail, land, 537, 736, 739, 902; spotted, 546; water, 546, 701, 737, 902 Rat, gray, 631; brown, 669; black, 976 Rats and mice, 553 Rats, on the coast, 822; eating grapes, 987 Raven, 599, 867, 894 Razorbill near Eastbourne, 759; in Kin- cardine, 906 Redpole, lesser, 597; mealy, 871 Redshank, 547, 602, 820, 900; in breed- ing plumage in January, 708; spotted, 547, 698, 1012 Redstart, 743, 809, 868; nesting of in curious situations, 824; black, 597; at Looe, 606; at Dawlish, 703; at Barn- staple, 1017; ‘Tithys, at Minehead, 1018 Redwing, 548, 737, 889; curious pro- cesses in the tail of the, 606 Regulus, goldencrested, 890 ; firecrested, at Scilly, 1017 Reindeer hunt, 784 Robin, nocturnal melody of, 684;tIndian black, 825; and wren, 1007 Roe-deer, 669; history and habits of the, 778 Rook, 601, 739, 743, 819, 894 Rooks, Mr. Kirby’s, 835 Rudevisch, 916 Ruff, 688, 901 Ruticilla fuliginosa, 833 Salmon, large, in the Severn and Wye, 916 Sanderling, 538, 899 Sandpiper, 871,900; green, 543, 547; in Suffolk, 759; near Ingatestone, Essex, 915; purple, on the South coast of Devon, 562; first arrival of in 1866, 682; its habits, ¢d.; in Stirlingshire, 902; curlew, in the Isle of Wight, 912; near Aldeburgh, 950; at Grange- mouth, id.; wood, near Aldeburgh, zd. Sandpipers, green and wood, 973; wood, extraordinary flock of at Rainham, Kent, 991 Sawflies, life-bistories of, 639 Scolopax gallinula, 770 Scops asio, 749 Scoter, velvet, in Shropshire, 633; surf, at Scilly, 1017 Scyllarus arctus near Penzance, 563; on the North Coast of Cornwall, 878 Seal, Greenland, near Ryde, 700, 754 ; the gray—correction of an error, 787 Seals and Cetacea, 923 Shad, allice, in Mount’s Bay, 916 Shag, 676, 906; crested at Christmas, 687 Shama, 825 Shearwater, great, 543; Manx, 543, 908 Shells, land, two rare in Sussex, 760 Shieldrake, 546, 903, 946 Shot, remarkable, 605 Shoveller, 741, 903 Shrew, common, 668, 882; oared, 668 Shrike, great gray, 510, 555, 594, 595, 887; woodchat, in the neiyhbourhood of Plymouth, 557; redbacked, 689; lesser gray a British bird, 703 Shrikes, the two great gray, 555, 605 Siskin, 543, 597, 893; at Oatlands, 705 ; in Buckinghamshire, éd. Siskins during the first week in March, 825 Skua, common, 811; piebald variety of, 992; Richardson’s, 907; Buffon’s, on the Norfolk coast, 992 Skuas, 1013; on the Thames, 1017 Slow-worm, hen swallowing a, 950 Smew, unusual occurrence of the, 608 ; in Suffolk, 759; on Loch Lomond, 907 Smews from Holland, 636 Snipe, 537, 658, 901, 946; great, near Dorchester, 608; in Stirlingshire, 901 ; jack, id.; early appearance of, 1016; great, and other rare birds, near Brighton, 1017 Sparrow, tree, 540; house, 892; martins “building-in” a, 915 XV Sparrows, wanted in New Zealand, 913; damage done by, 944 Species and varieties, 719 Spoonbill at Aldeburgh, 916; on the Northam Burrows, 1017 Squirrel, 631, 668, 976 Squirrels and cat, 753 Stainton, H. T., &c., ‘The Natural His- tory of the Tineina,’ 919; ‘The Tineina of Syria and Asia Minor,’ 920 Starling, 742, 893, 944 ; redwinged, near Liphook, 913 Starlings hawking for flies, 593 Stevenson, Henry, F.L.S., ‘ The Birds of Norfolk, with Remarks on their Habits, Migration and Local Distribution,’ 747 Stint, little, 590; at Leicester, 991; and Temminck’s, 973 Stoat, 631, 668 Stonechat, 591, 692, 737, 869, 1006 Stork, gigantic, 834; black, 872 Strix brachyotus, 763 5, bubo, zd. »» Jlapponica, 762 _ 9) nyctea, zd. Sturgeon, large, in the Severn, 836 Sturnus vulgaris, 763 ‘Summary of the Occurrences of the Gray Phalarope in Great Britain in 1866, 917 Swallow, 533, 537, 597, 733, 734, 738, 896; late nest of, 606 Swallow-stone and swallow’s herb, an in- quiry into the nature and properties of, 744 Swallow-stones, 561 Swallows, strange trap for, 990; at Sal- ford, 1015 Swallows and martins, 594 ; early arrival of, 827; picked up dead at Aldeburgh, 990; dying from cold, 1015 Swan, 662; instinct in the, 916; Bewick’s, 903; black, zd.; mute, id. Swans, 974 Swift, 543, 869, 896,908; only perches on its nest, 915; number of eggs laid by, 915, 990; late, 990 Swifts, capture of by hook and line, 827 Sylvia aquatica, occurrence of for the second time, so far as is known, in England, 946 » trochilus, 765 Systems, a review of, 584 Tailor-bird, Indian, 826 Tegetmeier, W. B., ‘ Pigeons, their Struc- ture, Habits and Varieties,’ 929 Tench, curative powers of the, 563 Tern, black, 542; Sandwich, 543; at Exmouth, 832; on Inchmoin, 906; at Whitby, 1018; gullbilled, in the neighbourhood of Plymonth, 557; blackbreasted, 738 ; lesser, at Tauntou, 832; whitewinged black, in Norfolk, 951; arctic, near Gravesend, 1017; “ wide-awake,” 1018 Terns, common and arctic, 975 Tetrao urogallus, 768 Thais Cassandra, 1022 Cautasica, 1023 Cerisyi, zd. Henrietta, id. Hypsipyle, id. » Medecicasta, id. » Rumina, 1024 Thamnobia fulicata, 825 Thrush, missel, 547, 688, 888 ; song, 888 ; nesting of, 557; rock, in the Isle of Wight, 823, 912 Thrushes, 741; singing at night, 811 ‘ Tineina of Syria and Asia Minor,’ 920 Tit, cole, nesting of the,560; marsh, 891 Tits, cole and marsh, 969 Titmouse, albino, 913 Toad-stones and eagle-stones, 707, 835 Toads and vipers, 836 Totanus fuscus, 770 Toxotus Lacordairii, 796 Tringa alpina, 769 » islandica, zd. » maritima, id. » minuta, zd. » platyrhyncha,id. », Schinzii, id. Turnstone, 899 Twite, 537, 539, 871 Upupa epops, 763 Uria Troile, 776 Varieties, 543 ; of chaffinch’s and other British birds’ eggs, 706; blue and white, of British birds’ eggs, 754, 823 ; in birds’ eggs, 911; of kestrel’s eggs, 948; of birds, 987 Variety of sand martin, 561; of linnet, 606; of common mouse, 631; of field- fare, 633; of blackbird, id.; of tit- mouse, 913; of silver pheasant, 950; of the perch, 954; piebald, of the com- mon skua, 992 Vipers and toads, 836 Visitants, winter, 595; summer, arrival of in County Wicklow, 754 Vole, bank, 669; field, id.; water, id. Wastail, yellow, does. it always migrate? 705; near Newport, 820; pied, 692, 733, 807, 869, 891; wintering if North Yorkshire, 875; gray, 812, 869, 891; grayheaded, near Norwich, 824; Ray’s, 891 Wagtails, pied, near Hornsea in January, 634 ; in January, 704 ; pied and white, 969; yellow and grayheaded, zd.; and martins, 990 Warbler, Savi’s (?), in Bucks, 704; blue- throated, 732, 750, 821; off the Nor- folk coast, 1014; grasshopper, 890; sedge, id.; wood, id.; willow, id. Warblers, summer, 593; reed and sedge, 968 ; wood and willow, id. Water-fowl, hybridity in, 830 Water-robin, plumbeous, 833 Waxwing, Bohemian, 660,591; in Nor- folk and Suffolk, 6833; in Somerset- shire, id.; near Whitby, id.; near Great Yarmouth, id.; near Ipswich, 634; at Halligarth, 689; in Wiltshire, 704; at Vienna, id. Waxwings, 561, 596, 752, 907; near Woolwich, 561; in Peebleshire, 606 - Weasel, 631, 668 ; Whales off the Isle of Wight, 554; pilot, in the Firth of Forth, 801 Wheatear, 807, 869, 889, 985, 1007 Whimbrel, 543, 990, 985 Whitethroat, 819 “ Wide-awake Fair,” ponds, 979 Wolf, 921 Wolverine, 882 Woodcock, 548, 591, 656, 734, 901; singular habit of, 635 ; pied, 686 Woodcocks nesting, 872 Woodpecker, great spotted, 592; food of, 757; caught in a trap, 949; lesser spotted, in Bucks, 704; near Windsor, 1016; green, variation in the plumage of, 950 Woodpecker’s tail, curious abnormal growth of feathers in, 707 Woodpeckers, 813; great spotted and middle spotted, 971 Wren, 895, 908; goldcrested, 548, 752; firecrested in Shropshire, 633; wood, 733, 820, 910; the second primary of, 688 ; willow, 820, 910 Yellowhammer, 537,753; white eggs of, 825; late nest of, 949 Zvology, notes on the folk-lore of, 881, 921, 976, 1005 and the turtle THE ZOOLOGIST FOR 1867. The Birds of Shakespeare. By J. E. Hartine, F.Z.8. (Continued from 8,8. 264.) The following line from ‘King Lear’ would seem to imply the poet’s impression that the wren is polygamous: “ Die for adultery! no, the wren goes to’t.” King Lear, Act iv. Scene 6. But, so far as we are aware, the observations of naturalists tend to prove the contrary. “ The pretty wrens of Tarsus will fly hence, And open this to Pericles.” Pericles, Act iv. Scene 4. “ Came he right now to sing a raven’s note, Whose dismal tune bereft my vital powers; And thinks he tbat the chirping of a wren, By crying comfort from a hollow breast, Can chase away the first-conceived sound ?” Henry VI., Part II. Act iii. Scene 2. This passage has been before explained under the head of “ Raven.” (See Zool. S. S. 468). Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). “ The plain song cuckoo gray, Whose note full many a man doth mark, And dares not answer nay: For indeed who would set his wish to so foolish a bird? who would give a bird the lie, though he ery ‘cuckoo’ never so?” —Midsummer Night's Dream, Act iii. Scene 1]. “So when he had occasion to be seen, He was but as the cuckoo is in June, Heard, not regarded.” Henry IV., Part I. Act iii. Scene 2. SECOND SERIES—VOL, II. B 530 THE ZooLocistT—JANvuARY, 1867. For by this time the cuckoo has been in song for a month, and is therefore less regarded than upon its first arrival in April, when it is listened to as the harbinger of spring. In the same Play, Worcester, addressing the King, says: “‘ And being fed by us, you used us so As that ungentle gull the cuckoo’s bird Useth the sparrow; did oppress,our nest, Grew by our feeding to so great a bulk That even our love durst not come near your sight, For fear of swallowing.” Id., Act vy. Scene 1. Allusion is thus made to the popular belief that the cuckoo, after being hatched and fed by the hedge sparrow, as soon as it is suffi- ciently strong, turns out the young of its foster parent. The word “gull” is usually applied to the person “ gulled,” beguiled. Here it must either mean the “ guller” or it must have a special application to the voracity of the cuckoo, as the sea-gull is supposed to be so called from ‘ gulo’ ‘ gulosus.’ Tooke holds that gull, guile, wile, and guilt, are all from the Anglo- Saxon ‘ wiglian,’ ‘ gewiglian, that by which any one is deceived. The “fear of swallowing” expressed in the last quotation was uot altogether groundless, if we are to believe the following: “The hedge sparrow fed the cuckoo so long That it had its head bit off by its young.” King Lear, Acti. Scene 4, Mr. Guest (Phil. Pro. i. 280) gives a different reading of this passage, and observes, that “in the dialects of the north-western counties, formerly it was sometimes used for its, and so in ‘ King Lear’ we have ‘ The hedge sparrow fed the cuckoo so long, That it had it head bit off by it young.’ that is, that 7¢ has had its head, not that il had its head, as the modern Editors give the passage, after the Second Folio. So likewise, long before z¢s was generally received, we have it self commonly printed in two words, evidently under the impression that if was a possessive of the same syntactical force with the pronouns in my self, your self, her self.* So in ‘ Timon of Athens,’ we read : * See ‘The English of Shakspeare, &c., by George Craik. THE ZooLocist—JANUARY, 1867. - 531 ‘The public body * * * * * * feeling in itself A lack of Timon’s aid hath sense withal Of tt own fall.’ ' Act v. Scene 1. and in ‘ Winter’s Tale’: « * * to it own protection.” Act ii. Seene 3. And, “The innocent milke in i¢ most innocent mouth.” Id., Act iii. Scene 2. And now “will you hear the dialogue that the two learned men have compiled in praise of the owl and the cuckoo? This side is Hiems, Winter; this Ver, the Spring; the one maintained by the owl, the other by the cuckoo. Ver begin: I “ Spring. When daisies pied * and violets blue, And lady smocks all silver white, And cuckoo buds of yellow hue, Do paint the meadows with delight ; The cuckoo then on every tree Mocks married men, for thus sings he, Cuckoo, Cuckoo, cuckoo, oh word of fear Unpleasing to a married ear. IL When shepherds pipe on oaten straws And merry larks are ploughmen’s clocks ; When turtles tread and rooks and daws And maidens bleach their summer smocks ; The cuckoo then on every tree Mocks married men, for thus sings he, Cuckoo, Cuckoo, cuckoo, ob word of fear Unpleasing to a married ear.” In the old copies the four first lines of the first stanza are arranged in couplets, and run thus: * Pied means parti-coloured, of different hues. Thus in the ‘ Merchant of Venice: “ That all the eanlings which were streaked and pied.” And in the ‘ Tempest,’ Caliban says, “‘ What a pied ninny’s this,” alluding to the parti-coloured dress which Triuculo, as a jester, wore. 532 THE ZooLocGIsT—JANUARY, 1867. “ When daisies pied and violets blue, And cuckoo buds of yellow hue, And lady-smocks all silver white Do paint the meadows with delight.” But as in all the other stanzas the rhymes are alternate, this was most probably an error of the compositor. The transposition now generally adopted was first made by Theobald. “ Take heed ere summer comes or cuckoo birds do sing.” Merry Wives of Windsor, Act ii. Scene 1. Apropos of cuckoo songs, the following is considered to be the earliest ballad in the English language now extant. “Its date is about the latter years of the reign of Henry III., and it affords a curious example of the alterations which our tongue has undergone since that time; whilst the descriptions, which breathe of rural sights and sounds, show that nature has suffered no change.” For the benefit of those who are not antiquarians a translation is annexed. “* Sumer is icumen in, Summer is come in, Lhudeé sing cuceu ; Loud sings the cuckoo ; Groweth sed and bloweth med, The seed groweth, and the mead bloweth And springth the wdé nu, And the wood shoots new. Sing cuccu. Sing cuckoo Awe beteth after lamb, The ewe bleats after the lamb Lhouth after calvé cu, The cow lows after the calf, Bulluce sterteth, The bullock starts Bucké verteth, The buck verts (goes to harbour in the fern) Merie sing cuccu: Merrily sings the cuckoo; Cuccu, cuccu; Cuckoo, cuckoo ; Wel singes thu cuccu, Well singest thou cuckoo, Ne swik thu naver nu.” Mayest thou never cease. The fact of the cuckoo building no nest, but making use of the nest of other birds, appears to have been long known. In ‘ Antony and Cleopatra’ we read : “Thou dost o’ercount me of my father’s house, But since the cuckoo builds not for himself, Remain in’t as thou may’st.” Act ii. Scene 6. ‘“‘ He knows me as the blind man knows the cuckoo, by the bad voice.” Merchant of Venice, Act v. Scene 1. “ For I the ballad will repeat Which men full true will find, Your marriage comes by destiny, Your cuckoo sings by kind.” All's Well that Ends Well, Act i. Scene 3. THE ZooLoGisT—JANUARY, 1867. 533 A new version of an old proverb. So, in ‘Grange’s Garden, 4to, 1577, “ Content yourself as well as I, Let reason rule your minde, As cuckoldes come by destinie, So cuckowes sing by kinde.” KINGFISHER (Alcedo ispida). ‘Tt was formerly believed that during the time the halcyon or king- fisher was engaged in hatching her eggs, the water, in kindness to her, remained so smooth and calm that the mariner might venture on the sea with the happy certainty of not being exposed to storms or tempests ; this period was therefore called by Pliny and Aristotle ‘ the halcyon days.’” “ Expect St. Martin's summer, halcyon days.” Henry V1., Part 1. It was also supposed that the dead bird, carefully balanced and suspended by a single thread, would always turn its beak towards that point of the compass from which the wind blew. Kent, in ‘ King Lear,’ speaks of rogues who “ Turn their haleyon beaks With every gale and vary of their masters.” And after Shakespeare, Marlowe, in his ‘Jew of Malta, says: “ But how now stands the wind ? Into what corner peers my haleyon’s bill?” Swa.iow (Airundo rustica). “The swallow follows not summer more willingly than we your lordship, nor more willingly leaves winter, such summer birds are men.” Timon of Athens, Act iii. Scene 6. ** Swallows have built In Cleopatra’s sails their nests; the augurs Say, they know not, they cannot tell, look grimly, And dare not speak their knowledge.” Antony and Cleopatra, Act iv. Scene 10. “ And I have horse will follow where the game Makes way and run like swallows on the plain.” Titus Andronicus, Act ii. Scene 2. Those who have watched the swallows upon a dull day, skimming low along the ground, and seeming almost to touch it, although 534 THE ZooLoGist—JANvuARY, 1867. flying with speed as undiminished as if high in air, will readily see the aptness of this simile. Again, “ As swift as swallow flies. Id. Act iv. Scene 2. It is difficult to calculate or limit the speed which can be produced by the effort of a wing’s vibration. We may nevertheless ascertain with tolerable accuracy the rate ofa bird’s flight as follows :—If we note the number of seconds which are occupied by a bird in passing between two fixed points in its line of flight, and measure the distance between these points, we resolve the question to a simple “rule of three” sum, inasmuch as knowing the number of yards flown in a certain number of seconds we can ascertain the distance traversed in 8600 seconds, or an hour, and thus obtain the rate of speed per hour, supposing, of course, the speed to be uniform. In this way the flight of the common swallow has been computed at 90 miles, while that of the swift has been conjectured to be nearly 180 miles per hour. “ True hope is swift and flies with swallow’s wings.” Richard IIT., Act v. Scene 2. The swallow, although one of the earliest, is not always the first of our spring ornaments to appear. There are “ Daffodils That come before the swallow dares, and take The winds of March with beauty.” Winter's Tale, Act iv. Scene 3. Martin (Hirundo urbica). “ This guest of summer, The temple-haunting martlet does approve, By his lov’d mansionry, that the heaven’s breath Smells wooingly here; no jutty, frieze, Buttress, nor coigne of vantage but this bird Hath made his pendant bed and procreant cradle. Where they most breed and haunt I have observed The air is delicate.” Macbeth, Act i. Scene 6. Sir Joshua Reynolds was struck with the beauty of this brief colloquy before the Castle of Macbeth, and he observes on it: “ This THE ZooLocist—JANUARY, 1867. 535 short dialogue between Duncan and Banquo, while they are ap- proaching the gates of Macbeth’s castle, has always appeared to me a striking instance of what, in painting, is termed repose. Their con- versation very naturally turns upon the beauties of its situation and the pleasantness of the air; and Banquo, observing the martlets’ nests in every recess of the cornice, remarks that where those birds most breed and haunt the air is delicate. The subject of this quiet and easy conversation gives that repose so necessary to the mind after - the tumultuous bustle of the preceding scenes, and perfectly contrasts the scene of horror that immediately succeeds.” “but like the martlet Builds in the weather on the outward wall, Even in the force and road of casualty.” Merchant of Venice, Act ii. Scene 9. PIGEON (Columba livia).* “